CIHM
ICMH
Microfiche
Collection de
Series
microfiches
(Monograplis)
(monographies)
Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiont / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona liiatoriquaa
©1995
T«hniul .«) Wbllo,r.phi. Nmm / Nom. nel.nK,«. « bibl«.rwhk,u«
Tht imtilun hn atttinpud to otaain itM b«t origini
copy •nil«bl< for filming. Futurat of this copy wliieh
may bi biWiograpfiicaHy uniqiM. wliieti may ahtr any
of tlw imafn in iha raproduetion, or whicli may
lignificantly ehania tha usual mathod of fUmin«. af*
QColourad conn/
Couwftura da coulaur
□ Conn damagad/
Couvanun andommaiia
□ Conn rastorad and/or laminalad/
Counrtura rastauria at/ru pallieuMa
□ Conr titia mininf/
La titra da counrtura man«M
D
0
D
D
D
Colourad maps/
Cai las gtegraphiquas an coulaur
Colourad ink (i.a. othtr than Mua or black)/
Encra dt coulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noiral
Colourad platas and/or illustrations/
Plandias at/ou illustrations an coulaur
Bound with othar malarial/
Ralia anc d'autras doeumanti
Tijht binding may causa shadows or distortion
along intarior margin/
La raliura sarrae paut causar da I'ombra ou da la
distorsion la long da la marga intariaura
D
0
Blank laans addad during rastoration may ippaar
within tha taxt. Whananr possiMa. thasa han
baan omittad from filming/
II sa paut que cartaincs pagas blandias ajoutias
tors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta.
mais. lorsqua cala atait possiUa. cas pagas o'ont '
pas M filmtas.
Additional comments:/ Pagination Is as folio
Commantairas supplsmantairas: *83-[578J p.
This item is filmed at the reduction ratio cheeked below/
Ce document est f ilmi au taux de rMuction indiqui ci-dessous.
m
L'Institut a mierofilmi le ffleilleur exemplaire qu'il
lui a M possiMa da f procurer. Les dMails de eet
•xempleire qui sont peut-«tre uniques du point de vu
HMIographique. qui paunnt modifier une image
reprodurta. ou qui paunnt exiger une modification
dans la mithoda normale de f ibnaga sont indiquis
ci-dessous.
□ Coloured pegas/
hgas de couleur
□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommagias
□ PNw restored and/or laminated/
Pages restauries at/ou pellicuMas
QP«gas discokiurad. stained or foxed/
Pagas dicotortas. tachetias ou piquias
□ Pages detached/
Pagas d«taeh«es
QShowthrough/
Transparence
□ Quality of print nries/
Oualite inigala da I'impression
□ Continuous pegination/
Pagination continue
PT' Includes index(es)/
l__l Comprend un (desi index
Title on header taken from:/
Le titre de I'en-tlta pro«ient:
□ Title page of issue/
Page de titre de la II
□ Caption of issue/
Titre de dipert de la
□ Mestheed/
Generique IperiodiquesI de la linaison
! f22], [l]-86. 86a-86d, 87-462. 4S5-W2, M2a-*82b.
livraison
livraison
22X
T
20X
24X
2«X
n
32X
Tha copy (llmad hara has baan rapreduead thank*
to tha gcnwoaitv of:
National Library of Canada
L'anatnplaira filmt fut rapreduit grica i la
9*n«ro*it* da:
Blbliothiqua natlonale du Canada
Tha imagat appaaring hara ara tha baat quality
pouibia eoniidaring tha condition and lagibility
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract apacif icationa.
Original copiai in printad papar covara ara filmad
baginning with tha front covar and anding on
tha last paga with a printad or illuatraiad impraa-
aien. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All
othor original copiaa ara filmad baginning on tha
firat paga with a printad or illuatratad impraa-
aion. and anding on tha laat paga with a printad
or illuauatad impraaaion.
Lat imagat tuivantat ont *t* raproduiiai tvtc I*
plus grand «oin, compta tanu da la condition at
da la nanata da I'aaamplaira tilma, ai an
eonformita avae laa aondlliona du contrat da
filmaga.
Laa aiamplalraa eriginauii dont la couvartura an
papiar aat ImprimOa aont filmaa an commancant
par la pramlar plat at an larminant loil par la
darniara paga qui comporta una amprainia
d'Imprataion ou d'llluiuatien, aoit par la Mcond
plat, salon la eas. Tous laa autrat aaamplaira*
originaux aont lilmaa an commancant par la
pramiara paga qui comporta una amprainta
d'Impraation ou d'llluatration at an tarminant par
la darnlAra paga qui comporta una talla
•mprainta.
Tha laat ricordad frama on aach microfiche
(hall conuin tha tymbol -^ Imaaning "CON-
TINUED"), or tha symbol y Imaaning "END"),
whiehavar appliaa.
Maps, platas. charts, ate. may ba filmad at
difforant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba
antiraly included in ona axposura ara filmad
baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar. laft to
right and top to bonom, as many framas as
raquirad. Tha following diagrama illustrata tha
mathod:
Un daa symbolaa suivanis tpparaitra sur la
darnitra imaga da ehaqua microfiche, talon la
cas: la symbols -^ signifia "A SUIVRE", la
tymbolo V signifia "FIN".
Las cartas, planchas, tableaux, etc., peuvent itre
filmto t des taua da rOduction diff trants.
Lorsqua la document est trop grand pour ttre
reproduit en un seul elicht. il est film* a paair
de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche a droita.
at de haut en bas, an prenant le nombre
d'imeges nOcessaire. Lee diagrammes suiwants
illuswent la mOthode.
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
•Mctocorr itsowrioN tbi oun
(ANSI und ISO TEST CHART No 2l
1.0
I.I
lii I"
12.2
il-8
mt^i
1.6
^IPPUEDJvyGEIn,
165 J Eoii Udin Street "
(716) *Bi - o'oO - Phcn. ^"
('!6) 288- 5989 - Fa>
'h.
^^-m:^-%.^:Si^%i^
?^"
h^ ^a;.
fc:--^.-.< ^:
f%<* .
7-^
bfc
■if
, A^ fi - '
" ^., -'^ y
■ '. ' '^■" •, :■<' ' " •' ■'->" •-.■:■'■ ■'- ■ '-■ ■■
«■.
\-M .
.. «'
>!v'Swf„
;^«*',* 4v^*
..^^
. li..
"^'la
m^ix''
m.
^^4ft >?i%
(« '-,
r
"•*~T^'^aw— X"'
-4h /<>^ 3
a.?
':t- '■■■■" ^'i^ '■;
■'■■ ': \: -'■ :. -'■ K' ^v's'■ '
.^1
.*"''■ '4
c ,
Ap«)wanes^hips§Baujoons
If: ^:
^I^JMRSSmEG^PHYj^
iTf
poporrs HWTzuN
wAvt RKcrvn
^
\\ f«iNe»L£ Of wwtuai
TCLtOKArHY
"wiKLaS TOWU Am ANTtwit"
CO..™ «,i„^ .H., „ ^« „^ „-r, 'r;:'..f.:':;.^,T4^"r";,";;:.''^
THE CANADIAN
BUSINESS AND LAW
The Canadian
BUSINESS and LAW
OR
The Careful Man's Guide
CuduD Uym.li. t. which i. .dded
F«U. Fi,„,„ TJJ^ Weighu. M.„„r... S,..l..ic^
Shsil CuU in Figure!, elc.
By
EDWARD MEEK, K.C.
A-iu.d b, Olh., Promi,.,, A.ion^y.
"1« EilUoa
■ ■ ■ - - REGINA
/ / /""
Copyright, Canada, 1914, By
THE JOHN A. HERTEL CO., LIMITED
PREFACE
This volume is intended as a sale and trustworthy guide
to the proper transaction o( all kinds ol business.
It supplies the necessary legal and buiinesa inlormation
together with the approved forms tor the successful conducting
of practical business of every description.
The matter it contains is up to date and carefully written
by competent men experienced in the particular branches of
which they treat.
We are indebted to the Canadian Almanac also for valuable
matter on the following subjects: The King and Royal
Family; The Kind's Civil List; The British Census; The
British Navy; Sterling Exchange Tables; The Dominion of
Canada; The Census of Canada; Patents in Canada; Holidays
in Canada; Parliament since '67; Postal Information; Bank
Statistics; The Succession Duties Act; and the Law of Intes-
tate Estates.
This collection of commercial and legal forms is so com-
plete as to enable any person to readily draw up almost any
kind of business document that may be required in any of the
«-rovinces, including Contracts, Deeds, Leases, Mortgages,
Bonds, Bills of Sale, Bills of Lading, Building Agreements,
Articles of Partnership, Promissory Notes, Orders, Due Bills,
Receipts, Powers of Attorney, Guarantees, Wills, etc.
The innumerable points of practical law and valuable
business helps and hints it contains are not scattered hap-
hazardly through the work, but are all arranged system-
atically, under appropriate headings, with index commence-
ment words printed in boldfaced type, so that the eye of
the reader catches the particular information wanted im-
mediately.
Besides its legal and practical inlormation, the work con-
tains: 1. Letter-writing, with helpful forms and illustrative
examples of social, business, and official correspondence.
2. Exhaustive explanations of the various swindling schemes
ol the d«y, thorounhly eipoiing the dmngeroue conadence
games and frauds by which honest larmers, bankers, mer-
chants, and business men generally are daily defrauded out
nt their hard-earned money. 3. The latest census Uhles, in-
terest, limitation, and exemption laws, contracts, leases, and
a large amount of sUtistical information that cannot be
found ii, any other publication. 4. Tables for rapid compu-
tation and ready information, constructed so simply that
they can be easily understood and practically used by every
one having the slightest knowledge of figures. 6. A miscel-
laneous collection of useful information pertaining to all
the business and social relations of lite.
It makes no pretensions to lull and exhaustive treatment
of the subject matter comprised under the diflerent heads,
(or to do this would require under each bead a lib-
rary and for each f ™nce a separate treatise; but like first
aid to the injured on the battle field it is intended to antici-
pate and supplement the work of the skilled specialist, by
giving such information as may avoid many errors into
which in the course of business undertakings a man is
likely to tall.
As the statute law may be and often is different in the
provinces and territories, pains have been taken to go over
this work with care and point out such differences as may
exist in the diflerer* localities by careful stateinent of the
law under each jurisdiotion, or by such words of caution
as will indicate that the law varies in some sections from
the statement of the text.
It is believed that this book will be found of great prac-
tical assistance in the conduct of the affairs of those who
use and study it.
May 1, 1914.
Thi Authors,
I
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AbbNTbtloii, Biitieu ..
-itCMCJ
Oenenl Agent
Special Agent
Bxtent of Authority
Liability of Principal .....""
Wrongful Acts of
UablUty of " . . '
Accounting ,
Compensation
Sub-agents
Mixing Property
In Whose Name Done
Responsibility of Third Party
RaUdcation
Revocation
Power of Attorney ......
AgrMmeata
Made In Writing
Restraint of Trade
Oral '■
General Pornn of ......
Employer and Employee
Mer to Purchase or Sell Land
AlplubeUeal Index .
ArUtntlon ....
A.stor.r,^''T"'°''''°"™''''°°''"'''^^"----
Lands and Tenements ..
For Beneflt of Creditors
Forced Assignments
Things not Assignable ,
Forms of
raai
. 888
141
142
142
142
143
142
143
143
143
148
148
148
148
144
144
145
76
76
79
82
83
84
84
S67
146
146
147
147
147
147
147
, 148
BlUl.
14>
Form of Ball Bond 160
Bctlneata 160
Bukrupte^ 152
Buki tad BaiklBf loi
Banking Act of Canada loi
Bank Circulation Redemption Fund 103
Floating Security 104
Additional Security 104
Collateral Security i06
Cheques Raised 109-112
Certllled Cheques lu
Indorsements of Cheques 116
Forms of Indorsements lis
Banking Rules 117
BOIi of Exehangc 120
Bank Draft 121
Set of Foreign Bills of Exchange 122
BDli of Sale 265
Black Fox iDdaitrj 288
Bnuh of Tmst 322
Brokefs Ig2
BnOders' Tables (See Facts for Builders) 446
BulllHS
Get Into the Right Place
Industry and Integrity
Moral Courage
Franklin's Maxims
Habits of a Business Man
Diligence in Business
Carefulness in Money Matters
Marshall Field
Importance of Little Things
Bnslness Dictionary
16
17
18
19
20
21
25
613
Cards— Calling and Bnslness 69
Capitals— Rules for the Use of 29
Carpenters' Rules 492
Roof Framing 492
How to Find Bevels and Lengths of Rafters 493
How to Find Height of a Trt; 494
CONTKNTS
PAQE
497
COO
Cnni of CuMto
Ot Brltatn •""^.""!""]"!
Of Newfounillunl
chn 8«rTi« ;■•; 5??
Coaneree
I'telBi agiiHt Eitatet
CoouwreU Arltkinetle
Addition
Multiplication ]
Division ] " "
Multiplication and Dinalon Coi'blned
Fraction!
Gomnlmloa Xcrelmta
Commajr Law
Various Provinces
Joint Stock Companies
Cantnuts "
Simple
Mutual
Unilateral
Miners. Lunatics, etc
Under Seal
Of Record
By Agreement / '
Implied In Law
Voluntary
Executed
Executory
Illegal ■■....■.....[..[..
Against Public Policy
Void and Voidable
By Letter
Forms of
Gopyrlghts
Coronation of Etn^ Cleor^ V.
Corporations
Correspondence
Business Correspondence
Some Special Points In Business Letters '.
Rules for Writing a Postal
496
13
. . . . 307
. . . . 405
. . . . 405
. . . . 407
.... 411
. ... 412
.... 413
... 167
... 159
... 160
... 161
71
. . . 71, 72
71
71
, .. 71-80
.. 72-75
.. 72-76
72
. . 72-74
72
72
72
78
78
79
. . 73-83
83
300, 301
487
163
33
34
40
41
CONTSNTB
Mgg
Ctmtptainn— Continued.
ExamplM o( BuiloMi Letter! n
Lettere Re<]uestlii( Special Farori ^t.f^
Letten of Apolofy gj
SooU) ......!!.] (4
Letten of Affection .,,,.. M
Lettera of Priendeblp 57
Letten of Coniratulitlon ....." 51
Letten of Introduction ' . . . (g
Letten of Condolence gi
Letters of Love and Courtahip «|
Credit— Tke Potnej of jj^
CriBlaal Law ,„
How Divided in
Hiitor7 of ...!!.!!.!!!!.. zv
Arrests
Juatlllcatlon ...!...!
Self Accusation
Insane Person
329
330
332
382
Debti— How la CoUeet
Lejal Steps in Collection
Cos* --,; Collection
Exemption Laws of Dllferent Provinces . ijb
When Outlawed
Deeds , '"
Delivery of
Deed Poll
Different Kinds
Escrow
Execution of
Indentures
Registration [
Requirements of Different Provinces
Form of Warranty Deed
Form of Quit Claim Deed for Ontario ......
Form for Nova Scotia
Form for Newfoundland
Form under Torrens System 236
Form for Saskatchewan and Alberta . 238
DeseeDt and SIstrlbntlon of Estates
177
173
180
188
78-206
76
78
208
76
76
76
208
208
210
211
212
212
304
I
CONTKMTH
DlTbl.1 .t tk. U« ""
DcBlihii tf CaaUa '
Dnfti **l
RulM for Writlni and Aocnptlni .'..'
f^nat of Drafts
Form of Bank Draft ...
»■• BUU
Faeti for BilMart
Fam Laaui
Fanoi an* Farmlar
Farm staUatica
Measurement of Land
Amount of Barb Wire Required for Fence '.
Area and Weight of Tile
Immigration .
Imports . ..
118
120
lil
«7
4I>
«
Edicattoul Srslcm of Cauda
Eiforeemnt »l Uw ...
CtMom*
Direct .!..'.'"."!.".'.'.'.';.'.' !!
ClreumstanUal
E«ls« Tariff
Facta aid Fifares for BislMta Mai
How to Become Wealthy
Canadian Rallwars
71
126
>U
in
111
Salaries of Qorernment Officers of the World Ji2
ProductlTe Wealth of Canada ,14
44S
244
341
34.
348
3<«
348
The Carrying Capacity of Tile 349
Hog and Cattle Table
360
How to Find Number of Bushels of Orain '. 3151
Grain Tables
Farmers' Club ..[..
Fence Laws !..".'..".'
Flndrr of Lost Property ...!!!."!!!!]""]
Guaranty— Forma of
Husband and Wife
352
367
318
323
266
316
291
!i08
CONTIKn
litumict
Fire InturmiiM
ni
Pormi of Polloln |jj
"•"n ;;;;; ,„
Y" MO-W
IniuruM InrmtlfaUon 2U
Accldtat and Cuualtjr „0
Hiltorjr of Iniunnea jj^
Dominion Iniuranca Act (gg
Provincial Iniunnce Rompanln 281
, . 107,420
Internt Act ,q,
Oomlnion Money Lcnden' Act jog
Internt of Judgment Debti igj
IiTttntloai _'""" ,j
Forme of Vtrlout KIndi of Invltntlone M
Anewerlni Inrlutloni .,
Kilt art Peril Faallx
Laa4Iei4 aad Teiail
Leaaes
Rights of Landlord
RIgbte of Tenants
Duties of Landlord
Duties of the Tenant
Form of House Lease
Notice Porma
Tenancy, Various Provlncea
DIatresa
I<Msea— Ilouae
legal Gifts
Legal Holidara li Cauda ........
Letters of Credit
Llenf
Mechanics' Lien
For Various Provinces '
Lnmber (See Builders' Table, Pacts for Builders) ,
Buying and Selling Lumber
Pacts for Lumbermen
2Se
256
258
269
2«0
2<0
2«1
2<3
284
286
281
322
381
123
, 267
2>t0
i-271
460
460
461
I
CONTlNIg
hmmUr.—Con'inuet. ""
Botrd and Plank Mmiaurament at Bltbt m
Tabia or Meaiuremanta Uj
Low Reduced to Board Mnaiure 1 !!!!!!!! 466
Number of Shinilea Required for a Root isa
Number of UUia for a Boom .'.',['., 45,
Xtp of C*w4a
JUrtirwdta wtittaf»«*Priiuii'.'." ,;
Punctuation "
The Two-MlllloB-Dollar Comma ^^^ ...'.'.'.'.'.'..'. 26
■ctcaatae A|*Mlca
KntJ (See Banki and Bankint) ini
Fact. About Money !^
Table Showinc Value of roreign Mowy '.'.'.'.'.."" u»
^•tntf
Real Bitate "'
How to Foreoloae ,,'
Korme ; ; "°
Newfoundland ■■"!"""!!!!!" 217
Short Form, BrtUih Columbia ...]!!]!!.!!"!"' 218
Newfoundland Leasehold ......."..'.'.' 219
IHloharie of Mortcage ,,„
Anignment of !!!!!!."""' 0,0
Long Form, Ontario ,,
Chattel Mortgagee ■■...■.....'..'. 241
Rules Governing .'_'_" "" j^.
With Power of Sale ............'. 242
Form of Live stock, Saakatohewan 229
Seed Drain, Manitoba 224
Torrene System ..'.'.'.... 237
KiiBleliigl Law '..!!]"'
WatnrallsaUoa „,,
Kewfoundland ill
Sotes (Promlssorj) og
DeBnItlon of ig
Negotiability go
Special Features gja
CONTENTS
Notn (Pronltroi7).— Condtmetf.
Days of Grace
Dishonored
^™"""'K '.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.■.'.■.■.".V.Mfc, 87
Presentment for Payment 811b 88
Joint ■
At Sight ....■.■;.'.':;: Z
Accommodation "" ,jj
Endorsers of
Made Payable at Bank
Lost ""'■
Forms of
Offleial PoslUoBs CnSer the Clrfl Senlee Att
Orders
Forms of
FilnUng
Partnership
How Partnerships are Formed
uz I
86a
Seb
87
Endorsements— Examples of .'_'_* 94.JJ
496
96
97
460
153
Dissolution of Partnership . . ...
Articles of ;„ „.
Patents .........'
In Canada
In United states
Points on Crimful Law ......."...
Postal Inrormutlon •■••.■....
Parcel Post
Postal Service of World
Postal Service of Canada !.".........
Postal Service of United States 874
Practical taw and Bnslness Pointers .
Price of Wood per Cord
Principal Cities of Canada ."'!.!...."!.".'.'"
Principal Cities of the United States
Promise, Tolnntary ,.
Propertj-Personal ............', 'ol.
Sale of Goods and Chattels
Warranty
.156-168
. . . 296
. . . 296
. . 298
.. 327
.369-380
.369-372
. . 373
377
316
467
479
482
247
247
264
256
272
192
192
11
CONTENTS
^"Vrtj—rmoatL—CmUnaet.
8«le by Auction
BUI of Sale .'
Act Regarding Alberta
Fivpert)'— B«al
HIght of Ownerahlp
Estate for Life
Joint Tenancy . .........'." '' '*'
Tenants In Common ......' ' "'
Mortgages "'
Title '.V, IM. 213
Heal Estate ...."........'.' "*
Torrens System . "^
Descent and Distribution of' Estate.' '..'. fJi
Claims Against '''*
PnbUe ITeetln^
PnbUc Boads. laws GoTemlBg
Respecting Motor Vehicles ..'.'.'.'.'.'.' !!?
Publle Schools-Caiiadlaii
^trr.T'K"'* l*' «'«»'" and ■DuM«';iDi;,c:
tors. Teachers, Pupils and Parent.
381
"•Dwayg, StaUons, Depots, etc. ...
Branch Lines '"• "'
Spur Unes ', '29
Crossings. >29
Junctions . . '..'.'.".';.'.';.'.' "'■ ""• ''1
Wages of Workmen, etc ■' '^'
Trafflc 130
Injury to Passengers '"
Railway Fares ^f^.
Luggage 132
Liabilities for Damage' io' Goods !f !
Stoppage In Transitu 'f:
Dangerous Commodities . . . ] , ^'^^
Officers and Employees *''
Hecelpts-Bnies for Writing All Klads 'f!
Forms of Receipts ''
Resolutions . "
14
190
CONTENTS
PAQS
BcspontlbUltr of Oirnlng a Dog 321
BIgbtii nd Obligations of Parents and Cblldren sie
Rights of Parents gj-
Obligations of Parents 317
Children's Rights and Obligations 3ig
Bale for Finding Baj Eyent Ocearred 433
Bnles for Painting ^jq
How to Mix Inks or Paints for Tints 46]
Bules floTemIng tbe Finding of Lost Property 323
Boles and Examples for Tarioas Business Operations. . 414
Commission 4^4
Discounts '4]!;
Proat and Loss 413
Taxes— How to Find a Property Tax 419
Insurance— How to Find the Cost of 419
Sales of Personal Property 247
Salesmanship 332
Shipping 386
Signature 32g
When in Pull 320
By a Married Woman 326
When Person Cannot Write 326
Spelling 28
Statute of Frauds 76-78
Statute of LImitatlottB 31
Steam Boilers, Inspection of 333
Sterling Exchange Tables 125, 126
Succession Duty Acts 393 439
Swindling Schemes 39J
The " Green Goods " Swindle 392
Three Card Monte 393
Shell Game 394
Envelope Trick 394
Bunco 335
Film Flam .'.'. 395
Patent Fence Swindle 397
Fence Stretcher Machine Fraud 397
The Lightning Rod Swindle 393
Form of Swindling Contract and Note 399
OONTBNTH
Tabl»-SterU.g £«»..«« ,,,""
Hog and Cattle Table . "6, 126
Grain ^^0
Interest ......]. ' '°^
Wages, by Day, Week or Month ".'.'.['. «J
Ready Reckoner "
Value of Coal and Straw "*
Grocers* ^^^
Builders' ^'*
Lumber, Log and Wood ' „ *,tt
Day and Year "^■"'
Money Tables .. *'*
T«.B_Kli.d8 of In Canadi '.■.'.■ "''"'
Of Unearned Increment on Land J!f
Amendment to
Telegnplis ^**
Submarine Telegraphy ]
Wireless Telegraphy
The British Census ....
The British Sary [[]'['
The Klnir and Royal Family
The King's clTll list . <»6
The Torrens Land Titles System'; "*
The Law of Snbscrlptlons ^'^
Trade and Commerce ..', '^4
Trade Marls "*
Transportation . , . ^''
Liability of HallroadsandBxpress Compan'le;::: '"
Bills of Lading 134,137.140
Common Carriers of Persons ".' ."!."." i.' I.' .' lit
Tmsts and Monopolies
Trespassing and MIschleroBs AnImaU ...'.'.'".'""
Valnable MIsecllaneons Matter
Measuring Land *^^
Table Showing Value of Foreign Money'.': HI
World's Production of Gold and Silver '?
Coinage of Nations for 1910
Table of Things, Distances, 'etc! '.'.': .' .'.■.'.':.■.':;■•■ "l
200
201
201
500
497
137
358
220
C0NTXNT8
fiat
Talubl* MiMcIluMiu m*tt»t.—Oimni>ueil.
T«ble Showing Time In Principal Cities 471
Olatancea and Mall Time to Foreign Citlea 474
DIatsnces, Cares, etc., between Cltlee of U. Si... 476
Une of Perpetual Snow and Longest Rivers 478
Deepest Seas and a Century of Progress 478
States and Territories of the United States 481
Creeds of the World 411X
Religious Denominations of the United States and
the World 4)]
Welf kts SBd Measores 148-440
The Metric System 443
Table for Finding Contents of Square Tanks 443
To Measure Wells, Cisterns and Casks 443
Tank and Barrel Measurement 444
Wnis— Bales for WittlBK igg
Codicils 172
^nrms . , , •••••...,,,,..,.,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 173
PART I
Division of Law, Enforcement. Ed-
ucation, Advice, Business
Maxims, etc.
H. M KING GEORGE V
KliiB nfi,,,.„t MritulM ,i„,l I„.|„,.,|
Emperor of India
DIVISION OF THS LAW
Blukitooe'i Commentarlea on th. i
puwirted .bout 160 y«« «o Jf H,^- . "' *""'"« "•■■•
«ner«i dlviloa.. name" !^L^?. f!''".?" "" '»» '-"o two
•ubdlvlded e«h Of thMe into two dlvf.. "J"" "' '*"
volume, of commentarlM dl.culnh« ^ ""• """^ "" """
'■>« title., VI.., (1, The Lw. ?1^^ ■ """^ '"« ""'o*-
" "a rule of civil conduct Dre.orlh.Ik\. """"" '»*
■■> the State, comn,andlnrwrtTr.,h, " ?' ^""""^ '»"'"■
l» wrong." ' '• "«'" •"^ prohibiting what
beS\^;.:rd^r.irir "" ■""-'"""■ <" - »-
«tentjue.iy «, It C ^Tll "■?""' "" '» »»■»«
but a vague concept on „' me phtl^^h """' "^ '""'»«'"'
For example, hi. exp™.. oL ' r.giro, ''th,!; "''°''°! °' '""■
a» a division of the Mn.^i i . """"■ when uaed
'-appropriate. It La, be "d ' tl " ..''°"' ■"'«='"""'<' ■""«
indlvlduau or eorpoitJoVaLe X ':":*?" "*" "*■"'•
thing., but thing, themselve. f. I """*"• *"^ o™"-
cannot properi/beliLT Xvl:garVr'""v' ''™''"'^'
Pletene.. of hi. treatise Its .1^ i. *^"- ^" *» <=™-
n.ent. and hi. lucId ^■wj; of ex:: t'or^n"''' """*'-
demand emphatic recognition as an »?, " <""■'«""'■'
patient labor and researeh Thp '"'/■'*"■•'■'« -onument to
law form the subJect-maUer of • JuHsn"'. ""' "" "'™« ""
race Is parcened out Z a °li TJl'''''"" ^he human ^
ties or nations, differ nl\re„^f '"""'°' """■"• "«='«-
'-their Physlial, .;lVand mo^l"?"' '" ""='""^' «»^
"oclety or nation has Us own ZT "I""'"'"'"- Each
there are many things commLT T, ? ^'"•"■'■••"'ence, yet
expressions a. right dutv ? °" '°^'" »"'™''- S-di
common to all Th. . , ""■'"'""■• J"«tlce and crime are
a-d classlVln^-oVrrirrner-Ts"" ^'7'-'""
.-. .0 some o.v"Crsutr':"..rZ" r .r
[;':!'
I :|
DIVISIO.V OK THE LAW
tH. br,«h of , contract re.uU, In « „tlon tor d.m.l
«nd the TloUtlon of . criminal l»w rMuU. i! . ''•°»«".
pnnl.hn,.nt Both con.. .„" uJL,;" n<. " BlX'/n.":
In all countrlea where Englleh law prevail! or I. ,h.
foundauon of the legal .y„em. there are aever^ inrce from
Which law. ,nd rule, are derived, the fundamentll LuZ
being What 1. called -The l!.,,!,* common taw^^ttaZ
unwmten or uncod.fled law. and ha. been va^M and Idd^d
to. and It. principle, and remedle. have been ext«„mfj7
amended, and extended, by ,(,1,1, i,,* L ! . "'""'"'»''■
J»d,.tal decl...... The coVmon'^aw": ttrr/atum or
groundwork of the legal .y«em exLtlng 1„ e"'?^^ Z
nearly .11 of the United Bute, of America and In f 1 C'th^
colonies of tie Britl.h Empire, with a few excenti^i. ,^
Province of Quebec In Canada, and tte'stat, o, ? . .
ta cwi and criminal matter., prevail, in ail of the SU^«
and arougbout the Dominion of Canada. The Engll.h crim
inal law. the law relating .0 negotiable in.trumenU ?wiTh
a few unimportant modlacatlon.) company law partnorlh „
ml^Mr'r"" ""'• "" P™""''^ the .ame ,n evc^
Of Canada .„.'1h^"""' ■""■ ""o "■™"«^'«'"' tt" -"0^
Lh of th. « . ^' """^ °'"''°'" °' "■» Brltlah Empire
tte Prov „! "" °°°""""* "« "-""^ State., and each of
own l7J, w '='""'"'"°« "" Dominion of Canada, h". iL
ZL ^. f ' """ '"'»'" "°"'^'' power, for the enac^
ment. and its own offldal. for the enforcement of law, Th«
r I
DIVISION OF TlIK LAW
(1) The L»w of Property. Real ,nd Per.on.l.
p^^rtjr^-rr:^^—' -
THE KNKOriCEMtNT OF THE LAWS
I
" uneonitltuUonsI " lagliU-
Thta Mpreulon li aqulvilant to '
Hon In the United Stitea.
THE ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS
.worn .0 .„d delivered .o . Ju.tlce of .he p..c tr" X
m«l..r,.e. or by an •■Indictment" pre.en.ed to . J^„d
Jnry upon wblch a .ummon. I. l..„ed commandlnftt.
d. end.n, to appear and an.wer to the charge. orTwarr«t
I. iMued for the arre.t of the defendant
.>^''"'!'! '*"' "* •»'•««! by forfeiture., line., penaltle.
and putjlahnjent. of varlou. kind.. Every court, every 'ud/e
i^hta LT, '"" ^ "" '""'°'' »""■» •'""•"^. "" ".Ok
h.dil . "" »«■■»'»"" to e^wte and enforce the
Judgment, and order, of the court., .uch a. .h!riff.
con.t.b,.., „„„„^ „„^^^, ^^^ empower d ton,. '. uch
«T; ■"";''"■;"""■■«"''»•. detention., and attachment
r„r. f,, '"^''"* •"" "Irectlon. given to them Of
en. u:,e''"laT IT""' ""'™»'-"». Prl»n. Ind pen"'
tent arle.. where tho.e who are accu.ed of crime mav h.
ourt may (1) direct the payment of money a. the "debt"
6
i[_
Tin (Nroiciiinrr of tiie uws
«o." 01 th. conlr«t, i. ihc. eu.. wh.r. th. etelm of Ih.
dunM«; or (3) lh.r. m.r b. , Jud,m.nt for w^'^unl
Hon • r«tr.talD, «b, d.f.nd«K from Ui. co»«.l„ 3 «
oo»u»u„c. Of «». ,ron,fu. «„ „ ,4, .fc,„ ^H.','
to^Ji!'^ "Wuncuo"" or ord.r oomcodln, th. d.f.nd«t
to >b.t« Mm. nulunn, lueh u . noiloui or offrailr.
ofT^?"'."' " ""•""' •"*"" "'""'"'«• " 'ho »™»'ni
^oii^. "^"" *""• '^•" "• ™»»« nul«Bc.i
to atat* ttaa nulunce ud to p»y •uoh d>inx«i u nwr bo
co..ld.»d . «tl.f.ctlon for th. Injury c,u.«l by th, nu"
«^», """ "•" ■'"' ""'" • *«f.nd.nt to .xecut. .
l.^«!.„"V?"f or to do «,y oth.r ut which th. .dmln-
i.f7^.« ,^ ,^' '!'""*• ■'"'""' •» '»'"'"»«' »' ">•
«irr.r """* ™""«"«" """. "d «. order from th.
"diL^ """'■ ««n»"dliii Urn to .nfOrc th.
1
;l
MUMICIPAI. LAW.
MUNICIPAL L iW
'«T" »«n. .», loci ty tt. ini^i. r"* """ ""■"WP.I-
»««lclp.l,ty „e.n. „ c,y town t"i ""'' "'""''
county or,„,.„;r "■" ■*" ■" "" »""'«. without
•roctod Into . "vmll. ' VZ""""- *»'' "'"rtct m,y b.
«■• «« Of .„oh ^Crwer. ."""" ■" '«""-' •»
«^Urto «,n.muted t„ ...iZ, ,''/°:'"'""'""""^»>' '»
r?'""""-' "" -~-. «c r-^ruir^ii
lM.t 600. The Municipal B^ri ' ' >«'P"'»Uon of at
"■» . population Of not e« than^'lLt" """ ' """■ »-
■"ay erect any "vfiia,..,;t' ■"'"' '""' » "'"y." and
2.000 Into a •• town" "'"* ' ■»'""«Uon of no. lea, Zu
8
I
llLXIfilML LAW.
r«r.?jr' ^°''"'" " """""'• "' "•"">' «"«« by
J^tt 1, """'■ ^' "■""WW' council. b.lng ,h,
^J^T,? ,. """"—• "^^ """ »' • ">■"'"' '« th.
«i«jror of th. dtjr or town, or th. reeve of the vlll„e or
*h?.'.iu. "f.'r""-" " '•"»'"<■ «o .PPotnt . "rk"
*ho.e duty It I. to record In the minute book .11 the re«.l,.
U„n. d«,.|on. .nd other proceeding, of th. »„'„:« Ttc
z Jx-..inr4; ^f '1— 'rr —
^r..7r.r„?,rc:;ntV''"-'' -- """---'
Th. .ot> of counetl. tr. eipr«..d In th. Ik>na of by-I,w.
or r..olutlon,. Th. word by-taw, or " byM.w ° melni I
tav .ppucbl. to th. Jnh.blUu.1. of . p.rS«T."'loc,my or
By-Uw, b.^ a, „„, ,„„ ,„^,^ ^^
?r 1^ "«*«•' P.rll.n,.nt h« over th. p«pie .t Ur„
Another mod. of „pre„lng the will of th. Tunc" "by
•wwluUon." But It I. erron«u. to .uppo.. th« , "rJi^
luUon" 1, Of the ».me validity a. . by-l.w. T^^^l^
Zl ^\lJr *•""""»■' ■- " ">" a corpor.Uo. c^
r«J !fL . "•" "" "•'• """ munlolP.! corpomUon. ."
«thori.«l to «t by ■■ by-Uw." A •• r.«,luHon " m.y ."pr^JJ
th. opinion or Intention of th. council, hut 1. I. not . fCJ
•ct of th. council. The thing, which . council m.y tawfZ
not^T "!:; •" "" "' """"■»'*«-*• A by-Uw ,Z.M
i^oH.!^. /".."'""''"'" " '""'«' ''•y '"»« " 1« »o.
Inhabitant.. ., may b. deemed expedient, provided they are
.Mctlon of every conncll .hall be exercLed by by-law., and
r.^„T"' J"""!?' """' ""■ ■■"=" '»'-""'" «"1 """■. auch
Zl r : *." "'"""• '•'"'''• """" '-a '""■•'"'ty o' the
not contrary to law. Council, may .1« mak. by-law, and
rewluuon. tor govenitag the procMdIng. of the council and
if
MUNICIPAL LAW.
the conduct of Ito Diembew. etc Tho„»h h, ,
Pasaed top mrny divergent ni.rnT * *'^"''"'" ""'^ ^e
between •• monly byTw, 'i^. "h"^/" '*"° " ' '«»"«Uon
by-law "mean, a bHiwror'"V":r "'"""'• * ""«>■■<»'
or for borrowing ZtiZ a " a r V '"" " '"'"»"'>''■
the amount of the debUnt™..H TT' "''""'' " """•"" >««««
"hlch It is to be created thf " "'"'"• ""« ""J"' '<"•
property of the m~'l ty and°T °' "" '"■°" """"">'«
debtof the corporation etc inT , "°'°"" "' "" '»««'
re,u.re the aes^nt "r tbr:,e,i:,r'Trar.V tTe"^ '"-''^'"
pares the proposed bi- !«» .^^ . ' ""^ ™>"":" Pre-
all 'be e.ec?orssha,. vote upon .t'"'","" " ""' ■"'°" ""'"'■
vote Is sufficient In ^ih„ '" """' ™'«« « majority
'h aid Of manuftctires ' ra""'' ■"'." "" ""'"■"' '■^-"'-»"
tion Of the elector sxceekfaT; »" """' "' " '•"'^'■
There are provisions In ^!, f .r'"'"' '» -'"ally required.
'or the apZ^:;°:r eTa ° , ::e""„r'r' ^°'t' ■""'■"■■*
some Board of authoritv ^™ , f I °''"' ''J'-laws by
■»ent to save the e,pen» and. , ' ""' """"""■"" "o"""-
vote of ratep^e^ ""'^ occasioned by taking a
it
10
PUBLIC MEETINQS
M^'T " °^ • MMtiag-When a number of person, desire
to call a public meetjng for the purpose of taking action^
any kind, .t is usual to proceed by means of pLonaTre:
quests, written notes, printed circulars, or ad,^rtiseme„
.n a newspaper. The call may have one or more namTJo
It, or It may be a simple notice without signatures
Organizing a Meeting.-When the persons to constitute the
"etTrv trat""'""''' "' *''\»PP«"'»d Pl««e, it be':™:
necessary that some one take the lead in order to proceed
to business. Such person should rise and say:
!„„« ?"■ '"'""". ^"''™'* ''"' '"■smess, I nominate Mr
Jones as chairman of this meeting."
Some friend of Mr. Jones then says:
I second the nomination."
tbe^n,^^" ■"""' ""'"^ mentioned, the person who opened
ot Mr. Jones' nomination, and will say:
It IS moved and seconded that Mr. Jones be chairman
of this meeting All in favor of Mr. Jones will say 'Ze"
All opposed will say 'No.' " '
There bein? no negative response the proposer will say
chair:" ° " ™™'''- ""■• '""^ ""' P'^'^^ '"''«"'»
seafres«v:df^r^*b"'T'"'"'°"* ''"•™°"y' ^'"''^ "> «•«
TtZ 7f f" the "hairman, and, if so disposed, will make
to h^ «™' l-t^t''^ '"■• "■« '"•"'»■ "■■ '■omp'i-ent paid
Mm,Tnd sa" ' "P °° "'" "'''' ""■'''* •»«"'
"What is the pleasure of the meeting t"
Some one will rise and say:
"I nominate Mr. James Wilson as secretary."
Then another says:
"I second the nomination."
The chairman then says:
se::^u!; "fTht meeting"'' " """ ""■ ''""' ^''^°-' *"
11
^'>h
t'VBUv .MKETIX(;a
for tl,e question r"" '""" '""^ *>" "'"tion; are vou readv
Voice: "Question." ' ^
^ "airman: "All i„ *
this meeting wilAav"I"™r,f ^"'- '''"^■>- for seorota.^ „f
Response by the meeting: "Ave"
nmirman : "The T"' '"" '"^ 'N°- ' "
Will read the'V^,,,;^ -^ "pen for bnsinesl T„e .eereta^
-^n^'o/iri; srr:ft„!'r^-,- "■" -««. the
inee.ated „ay thr^'H^el^av*^- '«-> P--t'!:„1:
Mr. Chairman!"
«eogni« Wm,™Mr.''s;;iI', "s/""™ "^d^sing bin,, he „;„
7" on n,y right," or°"u.ft" "'^ ""'»' ^".V- "theVenUe
re.ogni.ed as entitled to tl eCr ^ ?'' "'" P""^™ i^^Ln
coed, to spea."::itr„ r"prSn' "-^ "■" "^-'^-t:-
ent for the chairman to .,av ^ '"' "'"P^" ""d e.vpedi.
- arotro„"r'm!;L%^f^"- "■» --«■.«• Has the ,ent,e-
^i';^::r,"7v;;^^^«-"7thens„y:
I
PDBHC MEETINGS
''™ tZT ''"°"" T"^'-' -'"'•'- be- "ta X he'
rawrr"wHL"" "■""T" "■'" ^''"°'" -"'paHiam ta^°
laws be withdrawn without eonsent of the meetiiiL- hnt
It le usually allowable for the move,- to re'aU or modifv ,t
'^.enr; b^; rre"ott,rei„Ji;t„r'""°" '"" -^ --■
If, while a resolution is nude, debate in a society meet-
13
1
PUBLIC UEETINoe.
brousht „p a^ain i„ the „ der J, ™''- u""/ ™'' o-'^ be'
subsequent meeting. anflmshed business at a
»M« or BMOHmoM
B«ti«ni«nt o( «a Offlear
Beaolntlon ot Thukt
Resolve^ That an
BMOIntlon ot «nnp»th.
years Mcuprt . prominent rank in oTmiten, ?"""'"■ "''° ""= '" many
X^ "?■"" ""•"""hed, and a button .r'"'"" ""■"■' "' ''^"^■
Theretare. Rtmlvcd, That in tlie death nfui^K ""■ ■»P'»a<'li-
bdrte^e'dh JJ"' ""' '"""»" CooSnea 2' ..T""""' °"' ^""'"^ eon'
Pr»«.t.d,„ the ,.n,ily„,''„V;.^7»l';,""n.. property en,r„«ed. be
i K- Arthur, President. H. K. Coil,™
Ba«TS«,«», Secretary. A. w«^™'
J* Amouwon,
14
civilized powers of the wod t1 n ' '™'' °' '"' *^*'"
"», .™.. ,.,„., „„„, ..blSTS ", ;?
BUSINESS
in ,r • ^ '""^ »«" »' 'ho "orld. ha, bean th, 1, •.
n the march of man's civilization BW^L *"" '"''■'«'
low Its aJvancing footstew I L™. *" '""J-when, fol-
aeldsto «,nreitf nobHSd, h, , T" "'' "'oodrtalned
Wendly and tarmoniotTnt^n'r'^ir''''™ '"^«' »" toto
<ii«M, breaks down personal »!?r?:. """"" '"»• P™ju-
"mily of man togeS^eTby s.^!^ , *' ?" '"-'^' 'he whole
■""tual »nddepenfent inteU? « , • "' """'"'o- .nd of
towns and citirare br^M ^^J^r.^l'"^ f™ '°^"'"' -d
'n^Wps, and travel con ineZ'rnZ72h" ■""" "«' ««
ever wo g„, whether abroad or Z h^J^l^l f^'hways, and wher-
t™i. the great interesto^f the ™71d ^""" """ °°'-
men mighty, ° ""'"*• ""> "nalw. the affaiw of
,, , 8U00M8
It is a matter of time and work : I shall «rf if ,^
to do is to keep on trying get it yet All I need
One cannot do successfully what h» h~, . —Marconi.
stand. He ,nay have competent 1 ,T """ '*"'""y "-der-
to do his business, but tw may do hf ^ t""^ '""""y'
»eek their own ease orp„Tt at L 1 ' """' ''"P«'"eotly, or
»ble to detect th-v ma W ' ' f'*^*' »"" ''^' ""t liing
M. Or he may attemp't to mZreve^fr' "t '"^ " '^""'P^
fatal errors, as he wiU be Sm^sC^T "^.''''"*"' """""^
a Btill greater loss. "Pim ^de^^/°' »»'' "-ereby sustain
bu,ine,s.»ndthengo»he^.. ^^'^ "'-^ "'tail of your
''-rthrcitir£S— '""'"^'^
nnpromising, lay betw^n ihe two nh^ Tf tyrannical and
master; '™ ' "" Plirases m the mouth of the
"Oo to work." and "Come to work "
.atrrra'„V"s-t7„r:°rr""-""'--
Mourely to fortune. ' ^"'' ordinary luck, led
IS
■DVOATIOir
Ther. 1, BO .lament which will .nto, into our future euooew
TZ:^^^- ""^ «■*""' '"""•»» ""> '«"'■'« ™ o»rnat3
CCu»n """ ^ """""'''<'"««'«8»«d»g«i»-t.vil. Which
my natumlly ariM from a continued Buah of eucoe«, than per-
™L~ K "1^ """"^ education. The more carefully "ou
fZTof ft""" r—""'' »""-'. i" • K^t measure: the
.^. '^" '' ,'«»^f" "■» «=cupation, they are to pur-
J^Hfvth °"'/''" "^'l"'** their view,, „.ode.ate their desires,
rectify their aime and insure their success
Stay at school another j ear or two, and don't be ashamed of
what ought to be your glory, that you want to ir^o™
«h»lTth "V:"'"' «"«' to ""> >"«h school, from the hirh
school to the college, if you can. Get a busiue« education by
JU means-you will never learn too much. If you tah^ Z
become a mechanic instead of an engineer or a faLer, Zlin-
l! ,1^ J"" "°" ^°" *" •««"»• •'">«• It "iU iJway, to
oapitol bearing a large income of interest
"When home and lands are gone and spent,
Then learning is most exoellent."
OR nrao THE BIOHT PLAOI
How many poor physicians who would have made maaterlr
ZZ T- .r T^^ '"^''""^ merchants, who would havi
m^enoble, athletic farmersihowmanypettifoggingparchmm™
^d^ lawyers who might have done thel^Sy some
s«rdce as cobble™. No wonder the old philosopher said. "^
has made in this world two kinds of holes: roundTotes a^
I^iZr^l!!.'"' -"'^'-oWndsof people: ^Z^^
^ f^^fT""™"^ f""''' '"" *'"■<»' "" 'heround people3n
™1h r,"""^ '"'''' """' "•« ">"e^™red ,^fe in the
Td the f^ul f """ "•" ""«-»<— d unhappinTof societ;
^v the™ r/ "° r"^ ent-'Prises. Get into the right place!
stay there and master your situation, and success is yours
^auhe':;" " '""'"^ " """"' ""' '*"«•• ^''''" ^ '^™y»
WHAT TO DO
Young men, you are the architects of your own fortunes.
.^r ir T" <"™„"'"»Ktl' <>' body and soul. Take for your
star, self-rehance. Don't take too much advice-keep at ,oZ
a 17
I.VDl-STRY AND INTEOKITY.
.ma>. „„., gl'ot:'^".,!™" ";" I """" "■"■'• "■" '"e
Jealou,. Fire abovn .h. „ L ° '"'"''^ «'"' "»'"<>•» and
'nv.„..b,e .eLt: . o-n X a''H..'rr.;° ""• ^''"''-
that move the world n. i> '' "■' "■" '^ver,
generous. Be crvl,Re!d ./""'"'■ «^ ""-■«""*• Be
-«. Ma-e ^onlian^dt Zl^Z'n ^LT'" '"" ""'■
fellowmen. Love truth «nd i , ^° ''<""" °'"' »■><«
obey It, law. " """"• ^°™ ""ur country and
force themaelvea tIo^L o„' , "" '" """^ '"«-».
' think, la the reverse of beneLI^! T ' """"'^ """="■
action, an aftermath la apt L 11° "'1'™*' ■•""• ^ re-
Physlcal elasticity Is aot to „rl . l ^'"" "■""«' a-1
■•^ult that they wll too ' n 1^?^ '' ■"""""' "'«' '"e
of their careers and traveZ/,h 'S™"'™' »"« the summit
The great cities on thrluneM !.'*''' °"' '"« "■"■" ""«•
the United states, have a vo^L, ' " '""•'"="'"'!' tho.e of
of youth. They det: op'a^r^T;'"' '" ""> -'tallty
him."_Dr. James Loudon ^"' "«> "^'■•"st
-eiti; do" :t "cTtrh^ rLr "'^" -^ - ■— ■
nronsiET and WTBoany
.«:jmrw?,.rrcr '^e^vr r-- -
so poor that a shIlHng was a mi. ■ , ""^ "' ^"terday-
and breadless; compIlTed Z ."" ^"""'= '--'»^'»»
order to Procure Jor and ,h "" "" ""'"'• '"
-^as become the taJnteT y^g "-' "o'f " ^'
18
MDIUL rOURAOE
the power of hiti gooc right »rni, and the potent influence of hi.
pu« prinoiple., flr.,ly and perpetually maintaiLl wL pov
ne uiuddered ot, nut pressed onward. Wealth I what oara. hL
inoJ:r'' ", M°" ■" '" *■*»" " •»■"■ ■"»' "i- wa I. upr,«rrH,
Utursn ^ T"'''' ''"•"'"■ "-"^ >"» «""'t'y '«»« that the
h"n theThl "^""T "-'' "P"^'" ^o""* ""^ » worth mor^
.1 ?? , ''° ""''" ""■ «0"ntry-who bring to it what-
eve of iron sinew and unfailing spirit it possesses or dlL
wouIhI^ raying that man is the oreatureof oiroumZ^es it
™\^ T ^ . "** '"°'* materials one man builds
^r^oZ^Z'^T' T ""*<—'. -"ther villas. Briot
then,T^^M 1°^ ^"^ "''"^'"' ""'" "•» ""h"*"* ™n make
them something else. Thus it is that in the same family, taihe
same oiroumstenoes, one man re.™ a stately ediflo^ white hi^
Tj^H^'r,""'"? ""* Incompetent. Uve. foreverl^a „i^
The block ofgrani.,, which was an obstacte on the ^thw™y of
MORAL OOURAOC
Have the ooum • to discharge a debt while you have the
money in your pocket. *
Have the courage to do without that which you do not need
however much you may admire it
^l ,K°" '°"*™ "'■"' " *" **"»' y™ »'«>"''» >» "tent
Have the courage to speak to a poor friend in a threadbare
coat, even in the street and when a rich one is nigh. S^^
it ^ wX""™*" "' '"'^ """^ '"""'^ """ "'*"'*■ ""* •«"
.n?'.™""!,!"""** to admit that you have been in the wrong,
and you will remove the fact from the mind of others, putttag a
dedrable impression in the place of an unfavorabte one
Have the courage to face a dilBculty. DiiBculties, Uke thieves
often disappear at a glance.
Have the courage to tell a man why you wiU not lend him
iiF^-
ntANKUNS MAXIMS
mr^mon.,, h. ^„ r,^,^^,^ „^^ ^^ ^___ ^^
H^ th. oourag. to out th. mo.t »K««hl. .«,u.i„h„,« ,„„
WOF. ootDwiN surra
"are the courage to review your own oonrl,.^ .
where you detect fault,: to amend it 1,7^?'. ™"'*™° '*
to make go«i reaolvee fo^'our ,u.,™ ,^""^°"'""""J'^
them. • ""' '■""" SuiJance, and to keep
'^l^^'HSLa'a MAXIMS
-«: avoid trifl1^L°:L^l:-" "'"^ "'""'"' ■"'- " ^''-
your°ut;t'v:it:tr ""^ "■"'^-"-"^ "" -^ «»"*<"
wtth^^aTwVti^^'rii.r""™""'" — "'^ —
.o^™f:i::ri:ra^Lrotrr -"'■ " ^--^ '° --- -
20
HAIIIT8 or A BUaiNEHS MAN
mLrrth-^Ttcrvr^ '"'-''-"''■'« '■■^"*--
or h.WU~:n"'~~^°"""' "° ••«"•«■"«-. In bod,, .V^
II. TrMQCUllty— B« not dliturtwd at triae. or at iu«,M-n..
oommon or mwroidable. ' •oolamU.
Rum or A Bummi uak
A «ered ngaitl to th« principle of justlo. ought to form tb.
o'?^;:;;7tr„T,r.:r""""" ""^"-^'•"»~™-
He i> itrlot in keeping his engagementa.
He doea nothing caielemly or In a huny
^H. employ, no penon to do for him what he o«, do for hlm-
.t1S'.pZr«r'""''"' ""'"'"' -'^ ""■"<»■ ""^""^
ci^tZe^Cr^ltrm^r '""'"" " "^ ''<'"■"''-"<".
^e^teep. hi. derigmi and barine« from the knowledge of
He doea not overtrade hi. capital <»K>met«.
ti^Lt^iZ" '" ""'"• "•"• " '"^" " ■"— '• « -^"t a
-n^^^tlZlLr'""'''"'*"""'"™ '"'"«"-'»—''
He i. clear and explicit In maldng a bargain
He will not be above his btulDess.
oa^f.l'.r'" ""'"" ■" '" '-"Portant letter, written by him, and
oarefnllypreMrre. all which he leoeive.. r aim, taa
He b methodical in hU habit, and arrangemenia
He ia alwaya at the head of hi. biuinaK
ai
DU.IOI!Ntj; IN BI.HlNt>«
^u!^l',i\ZZ "'°*"- '"" '■" ""'-" '"^" '- ■' '«•'
pr^rrC" """""" "'" ""''■ """ - '"•' '""^ ".
H. .voij, l,w ,uil, ,„,i arcmnuMUtion bilk
in^ni" *™"""'-' '» "'" ".-..lUu,.. .„d l,v« within hi.
He I. <,„,|„u, ,„ b^„,„^ ^.„^, . ,^^
H« l« Ken«r„u,. but l.ut until I,p I„„ l«e„ jf,.™
"t » iniiii of buMlne«« .•nnforn. .trL'tlv to IIimw h,ihl... -k
SIR TIZOMAS LrPTON
Diuaiitai nr Bunmn
Cultl™te a .pirit of diligence, both in your temDor.1 .nH
.plritual employ, strictly <u.he„ u> yo JbuLn«r«U^
22
j
CA»ISFltJ(l:»s l.V IIONIIT HXTtKtU
"f- :...-:!:;»;:' 1 ';:„;:'„:'::„i;;;';T"\r''
;wrv-:i;'r;::';;i:;;;;:;^ -■'»■-" ''-A
OABBFUUnas Ilf M0KB7 MATTERS
=sxis^i=^xH His::
Uliii
THE TOUOHSTOHE OP EXOELLEKOE
IndMtiy is the true touchstone of excellent ^„a h.
measures „f o.p.c.ty. They a^,. not powe'r, but mlrel/guidt
w
in its application. Woiil.i ,„.. u
out of season, eaily and 1,(1 Z7! j '"™ '" »«""<>» and
eess will eome. It Ly L tanlv 1 »""',»■''"'"'!'• and sajl
-Pproaci,, h„t it „,;„ m '«rJ.,, ,t ma.v hnger. reluctant to
-M .ir°^;:r-- ott ^esT "" " ""-■ ^"e
v'tality and p„sl, f„d leaves ■l^'f*"' ^'"'•''^ 'akJ a„?„
«lf-poised man has confix '"''.""'''^ ""I lanRnor. nut the
he never uobbles "or a^erfrl "",'*'/ '" ''- -<> ^
"/'■' "'■'-d as in a slrai^Hour tt" " t'"' '"" ""^he
'" .7™- T:,ey who believe in th^.r"'"''.'"' '''^«""y ever
of the,r own force of character „fT'"'' "?" "'« """^-^ious
"■e w,re of infinite power and ea„ » '"f ""' ^^y- 'ou«
be .mpo^aible to those who lack the Wtar"'""' """" '"»■'<'
on se f-oonsecration and knows no. I '""^T^ "'""I' »'it'
of this vital enei^ wasted ?rL^ °,"''- ^''"^ '" enough
«" the affair o,"^, ;„' f^<^ E e'S; ''"':i'"' ''"'^ "> """
marshal your forces nnt i *''"?"'"» •"'o tlioiight of defeat
Vincible Office. -T J' iT-n ^^^f "' "- '- 1'
fear but you will win a ^In,-; ■. ' ""^ vou need not
""^ on the sun-kis^eVhJStrof r,Zr ""'"' ^■'"- "'"" '
MAXIMS PKOM SHAKESPEARE
-Set'lt' ""' °' ''™'-*' '"y pen f^m lender.- books
^oZt^^'C^:':i:^^^-o„ tried, .rapple
- ~i„.ent Of each tXiZ^Xf^^ ^^
"^f «5 'f^^rrrrwU™d^l>«- r ■- - 'oses ,«tb
-Mem- ^ """' "■« «<lsre of husbandly
tHe da^^Z:™. :- ?^ -- -^;;ust t^ ^^^.^
24
"1
PBHSgVKlUNOE
A EABD WOBO.
Perseverance! Can you spell it I
And Its meaning, can you tell itf
If you stick to what you're doing,
Study, work, or play pursuing,
fcieiy faUure bravely meeting,
Bravely each attempt repeating,
Trying twice, and thrice and four times,
^es, a hundred, even more times.
You can spell it! You can spell it!
And Its meaning, you can tell it!
ntPOBTAWOB or UTTLB THDfOB.
an?1t°s"tt" -Thf""*™™ " ''"'-™"' ■="» <" "usiness,
visit ^'jL ? T ^"'"^ "' " ='■"»■' since his previous
t™f featu^-bZr'"''. 'I",:^ P"rt-polished that-lliftened
sion to th?s ,t^"t^ "'" """ ■"-"■^le-Kiven some e.p,«^
thes« .« r« ^, ^ °'°'''' """^ '» ">«* limb." "But
,'!£" "'?'' '' » P«»di trade is a spring."
as ^:::z r. "ii--^-' "• ™'"- -o- •■> « "--« « ^g
2S
( [I
PUNCTUATION
'aalllng- in life, may be smn f^., .1. -
rt.ge of my oHreor I ^ne^yw^", 't /r',"",! •"- «' "^
ten at night, " ' ^°'' '""° "i"* in the morning to
di:;^Tar'KTii'.'"f^„^;:r""""'™.isatth,
enterprfaing. exerobe <»„Ju, ,3"* h""! -leal honestly, bo
judloioualy." ■" judgment, advertise freely but
that time ofli^ggi'e*'' """''''K™-' ™ my motto during aU
~^ir Tfiomaa Lipton.
punctuate may he'trd-t^tt'o^UoXf'"' "' """*"'
A Two MilBoa Doltor Oomnim
•'tat aniota ^hould^l^?;^%l*''»r«-« anume™t«i
article, specified we« "all to„i^ ,''^ °f "»''• ^mong th.
piMt. imported for transTuT^f ''^°'*' "°- n"""^
The enrolling oleA™ o^n^f P^P^""" " «perimenfe
-ooidentaUy, 4tog it ^'"7"« ,',"« bUl, inserted a oomma.
As a result of thissimple^Sakt fn^ *° '™"' P"^**'" ^f
oould remedy the blundeHf L ' "J*"' ?' ""'" O"*™"
ewpes and other foreim ftwL '"*^«^ lomons, bamuuw.
This little rnistX S.^ "*" ''*°*"»<' ''^ oT^
oould ha.e avoided hy°'c^?resr^'?H"""»'° ""^^^
less than «.000.000, Ap3v3^ ™* *^ govemm«,t not
tence into inji'pL'™?'"',""*^ « •»"« •»" "'vide, a «,».
-cewhen^^Je-^hXryZtSr----;;^;
26
PUNCTUATION
might he a dirtinot «nten ™ ^ '^' ""^ ™" »' "■»■»
"Plain, themeaainrof ^m^oS al^ioVttT "'^'"''^
from that expre«ion by a wmi-co on !nS ° ' .^ ««P«™ted
«nteno6 inti sections whrnth-~'- " "'"' '" '"^'"^ »
«ach other. .no^Zr::!^^!^^ "" "<" '-'»'«"''-' <>'
a.^^£d'ttkiitrjrreir„r- '-^--
deoim J jr/thrni^jTiornerraZ^^
of £:£=•: rU'a\lr/'- eW .ntenee
oJei^l^t'pI^Littfthr"''''™ "'^''«' '" "-o -OJ"*-
^th^,„ng^?sri^re.''sr:'.^7nSo?tr'''''''^
thesis marks. msiead or the paren-
s^^'^S'2 '"1'""« "■"-">» of an author or
,s:^ti„n'n '«™^?i:rooSr,rrrerhZL":i:::
graph have the fint quotation mark a? VhT^- , J"™"
o^tt^h."";*:,':.',^'"" *■-' "•"»'"•""" '•«" - >«■>
going
I am^to Toronto.
U. Bnefat. r J are „«d chiefly to giv, „ explanation, or to
27
4'
niNCTDATION
supply an omiraion; as, Yours rGrnat nr,t.i„i •
coimtrv. lureat Britain] is a great
James- house P"«wMve oaaei as. O'er, John's book,
tioa "" ""'<••*' »"'• B— u«Ki to invite .peoia. atten-
"■ The Brace | M-neots several words with one common
"a"; oT^to";:™^* '®> -^ '- ■»«'"' -J-tation.. means
I S:£sJ(-^rr"'l?"t::T"»""^-
tera or wordT ^ ' ''•°°'" -*■• "■°'«fon of let-
■Pnuiia
Very few mlea for spelling can be eiven to whl^i, ••
=:ara=.-ot'rer^'--=-
«I°to:::trabte"Sn*!:::'-'!;7 '«''-"•. ..rmmation ab,e.
Words of more than one svllablo «nHi„. •
ceded by a single vowel donhf. T., * "" * ^o^^nt pre-
travel, travelled 7n th^ u 8 th. ' ° deriv.tive,r..,
.«. accented on ^^eC srblJTLTorrrm'ir '" "-
28
RULES FOB THE USE OP CAPIT.VLS
befoir'i?' °' T "'"f'''° ""'"K •" '■ ^"t » double vowel
before it, have only one / at the oloee, a, mail, ^. "
P^t'.^r'"'"'H'° '•,"'°'""° """ '""«' '" ">e termination ly
Plrtioiple. endmg in ,„j, from verba ending in . Im, tL «n.i
c M have, havine- malco n<.k!... » ="'""» m e, loee the anal
retain boih aa .^ ^t. ri? '^■^'"" """^ '"'*''8 '" «
mu.t«tainther^fr,^- ^'"' '""' ''"'■ '» «»<"• "owev.,.
holT *°""* » ■« "'"^ «"> fl»al .. «, .ho., ehoeing; hoe,
hiding., a. mL,,V„:^rt^f .r;roS^''»''P'»»' by
nan^it i, oh«,g«, to «, li the vlurul. ^ S^'^^^^T^
BUUS FOE TDUM or 0*1
OS
ita?iISL"T'"' "".!' '' "" '°'P"'P" "" «■■ omi«ion of «d-
-^t;f n-^»nr hTteTo^-rr..";-^^ -- •«
.^prt-ii^^r^raritttr
fr=,rmr.^tirhe7J:!traX^
with a capital. '^ "" S<«»™"y commence
2R
CAPITAUZATION
»• monUn o( the jau and th* day. of the week begin
with
capitals.
J^TT^ °°'"'- """"'• "»■'■ "•"»• ""^ tl-e'' oompoundeaod
abbreviatloM, .. North.We.t, cnmmenoe with oapit.1. when
they denote a aeotion of country.
The pronoun I. and the interjection O, an alwaya capitala.
Every direct quotation ahould begin with a capital letter
All titlea of penona begin with oapitala
All the principal word* in the titlee of hooka ihould besin with
capital letters.
llie aeveral ohaptera or other diTlaiona of any book begin with
Common nonna personified begin with capital letten.
lettef ""* Particularly important may begin with a capital
letto' ''°"*' '**°"''' ^ ""^°^ denomlnationa begin with capital
nsnaUy begin with capitals,
to aocousta each article mentioned ahould begin with a ct^M.
PART II
Correspondence, Letter Writing,
Sociai Forms, etc.
Fi
PLtTT ROGERS SPENCER
Author ,f «,. Sp.«.ri.„ s„|. rf p„„„^^^
J
CORRESPONDENCE
Correspondence
I^p"""^ " "■» '■"»"-«• •' thought h, „«„ of
»n««PortaHon Wend. Jn,,f fi' "'/^P'* t™»it "d cheap
"d their only ni«„ orLDfaiT.^™ ""^'^ «"ttered
"mxWh letter writTg * * "" *°'«='' '^"' °»« "other i,
'iTpT-^"''''^^^'^^"" not only .„
'•miltarity withTHua^r^ ^ ""''^ «"™"«' "»■»
^ general ohar^^er. 1 fa tfe to^,^? ."/ "'» '"""Kht. and
appreciate the value of the^abiutv .^ •^' "" ""Jority do not
«nt in ImporttM. _p„^'^VL'° ™*« « ««d letter.
|n . letter TthH^re*"^^ S.* ""*'*' "' ""' Importance
language. ^««lon of the proper ideas in the proper
•^^^X<JTLf:^t^'\ "' '^"'■<^- '^«> -'-'•
punctuation often renl^T Zl '' ''"""'.'""^- '°'P™P«'
ge?-ucu««3,s^*;ri;3B'LC."™'"'''"^"«> '-«« *wo
«u.tion.^rfe,';::.'t7X'ir;r^'.-''''"'' p«--.
«g-ing"nS:r;f"h:s.rfit:er^-''""«---
33
r
BUBINEHH CORRBSI-ONDENCI
tb» MtMllllt.-Ooad pm, ink and papm. For bniiiiMi
oomipondtnca (brae itylM of papar an In genaral naa, tI». :
eommenial note, about 5x8 inobea; packet note, about 5}x8{
Inohaa, and letter paper, whiob h usuallj about 8 J i II to 18
inabM. The nnaller uliea tor ahort lattara and the largw for
longonea.
Tha UTalopaa most oommonljr uaed an Noa. ( and t).
Varts ol a I^ttar.— For oonvenienoe In axplalning the form of
a lattar we call tbe diSennt parU bj the following namea;
1. Heading (Plaoe and Date). i. Body of Letter.
9. Addreaa. i, ComplimentaiT Ckaisg.
S. Salutation. «. The Writar'a Sigsatnn.
The fallowing diagnun wiU ahow clearly their poaltlon:
XMAfffim ol th« PhU of Irttten.
HBADINO
AODHKBS
■ALUTATION HODT OF LCTTEB
* ■
3 :
s '
: as ■
; o ■
BODY OF UCTTER
K .
a.
COUPLIMENTARY CLOSim
MIONATUKK
III
34
I
aCUNESa CORBESPONUENCE
_. ,.T~'"? I«*""K IndlotM wh.ni uul whm the l«tt«
right hMd dde of th. .h«it and .bout two or two «dT„"h,i?
lDoh« from the top. Th.„ i. no obJ«,.l„. ,0 uTg two 0,
more linn for the hauling if requlrod.
TtaAdtoMof a letter consbteof tlieoMne ud title of th.
p™on or firm to whom ,ou .r. writing, th. «.id.no. or pU^
the .ddr« on th. .nv.lop., .xcptlng that on th. i^dt !SJ^
tta^y and .tat. may b. written on the «u„. lln. t,^n^
rfta«.on th.left.h«,d .Ideof th..h«,t. on. inch from^ J„
hL!i.' ""P"'' "«> on the line foUowIng the on. on which tto
h«dlng ta written. Th. ««,nd llo. of th, adirJl^tX
«. Inchfarthnr to th. right than wh.™ ,h. first line Th.^.
iJ^i^?^"" '"^-■f"" «'«" »' oourte.y riu,uld not
tiue. a., Mr. J. B. W^lKn. M.D., or Hon. Henry We,tan E^
On. „oeptio„ to thi, rule, however, i. perSttedtLf .
■"' ( )• giving only the minuune.
I P* ■»'<'»»*'<» <» the complimentary term uwd to beirln th.
ette, Tta form, mcrt in ». a,. sin^Dear Sir or J?, ^r ^.V
In .dd,«.lng aflrm. Sir.. Dear Sir,. Oentlen^. or'^iLr
Madnl » r^" '^'^"^ *» » "^ly' ^'■*"». or Dear
f^f^ JL * *" ' '"""'«• """"ried tady. ZVar Jlfi„. or tt fa
wh.lh^T'J" °"°" '^' "'»""'»• "heri doubt eSt^ „ to
«r rrrtr^rUrrmr '*"^' ""■ "™ '^'«
wlinu.^trat.thi.anrth'^'^orofUtUrre™" ""' "^
Til. Body of th. L.tt.r b that part which contain, th. mMnm
or information to be Impartad. In thl., gooA form, pe^T^f
.pacing and paragmphlng rtould r«»lv. du. carft '"°°™"*'
4 3S
i
I
th« MM or<l.r or wciatr. ^^^ •™"' " • n>»nib.r of
In o«ol.l let»M» , more fomuU mtI* 1< i,^. .. ..n ,.
<3^<
^— '^&»*«**»^ V'CSt'
a^^iyf
37
^^^m^
■I
important ^'°" ■""" "«•" "^e "P- Thi. i.
rt«at .„d „i„ber^' ^ven orThiTJ:^''"'^ ^"
of envelope °""' "" '»"" ''gl't-luu.d oomer
faSrj^rjrolttr^J^f-'^^;:::-'-^''- the flap
directed, therefore ^ e^t oa " ICuV "' °^ '■»l-<'P«riy
ins envelopes. "'' '" ™re«'H in addres-
8» example, of addressed envelope.
add™. 0, the .end^. ^thX C^ tTrri^'"!?''.""'
certain number of day, if not oJlJTfor """* " »
38
',' ■i
' 'A
^l. ill
! J
' i' '\
39
ii:
1
BUSINESS LETTEBS
«0M« BPKiUL ponm nr buiubs lettiu
4 Avoid the use of flourishes.
« A v^r/rl T" '*'"' *" »''"'enline» .re inexou«ble.
7 M^V J!""'^- "'her rewrite your letter
7. A.m to write as legibly „ you know how.
10. Write on one side of the sheet only.
^11^ When requesting information alway, enoloee ««np for
^ttruitrwrtte'en-rris" -"'— ''--
It ■^y'^ee'yTt^'u'iie""*" --"^'-^-ttereof important.
.ett.^e„T»rng itsf r"''^* "" """" »' ' "•-'»-
^^Never write an anonymous letter; it i. the coward'.
P^JerlTpun^tZd'*"™ "" '''"" •"•« '»»«»P'» "d
.ou'w^Tfttrgt'f^m""""™'"""-™'"'"' 70urs.de and
wl^,d:"^7„g°tn''d'irS„''';°""K'*'*' "'"'"^ ">» «"<"«>
^dre^of theV-inor'C™' '" "'■"""°'^' «"" '"« name «.d
ord^re'it-e^i'letTer-^"^ "^ """'■ "■»• <»<">'■ «P-
^o^m^TdfS-tt-ro-hl^i-J;^----
28. Do not forget to sign your name.
40
=J
1
r
88.
BUSINESS LETTEBS
their correct m™ ^ '*"^ ^" «■»=, only In
<Aan an ewm,. '° *"** " ^«»' » /">«d.
p<^'c::r Trnj:.et-twr„,rv/™-'-- «- •
render, it unmailable, ^d ^ .L („h^ ."? on a postal card
.c.n.™,o«en«. nnlrittrofcaTad'.'""'^ '■■'"»''''
8ofd»f/a™r:„1ar';?-r "' ""■ "-""^ ■" '» <"->" 'or
»■ Avoid abbreviation, and the u« o( poMecripl,
p<SJr;rira"wo.rn"\:;/'-'°^^^^^^ - -»
xoia KR vBimro a postal
eoU o-^^ru.te^.etll't^r "» "^^ '^-'"'-^
8. Alwaya dgn your name in f ua
4. Never write, demi^ „ HZJ^. T"™'""' "» "^""g.
poSte''^'^rth'::p';;^"'-<>-P"ta.. l^typ^oHbe.
the writer Erite.iir^b''rt.-zj::z:"""" "'"'""*<'
'*^^g^^=r^
BUSINESS LETTERS
EXAMPLES OP BrsiNESS I.ETTEns
l*tte, Co,ttlntag , Rem|,un«,
Me,»ra William.on « c-a^on "«"'""• »•»» . Feb. 10. I»i2
M.j^.00, "r;;,,,.!"*":'; cr,„r™"r;i '-^ ■'""^•»- "-
win kindly rec.lpt and return January 13,h. which 5™
Toura truly,
P"TBH SCMRADEIL
I*tter Acknowledging Above
Mr. PrxTO SCHHADSK, '"°" "*"*""■■ Ont- "eb. 12, ,|„2
MWvllle, Sa*.
flv.pr,nrr;7.«";rcU';%";'i"";h,~"''''°'"* ^"" '«■• si«y-
We onclo.e bill i,r,;„„i ^ ""'" morning. ^*^
P^ntp, «.t.en,.r."„?X'^.e^rt'""'' ^^urT-'" "■»"■< "" ,„r
""oi. Your, re«pecttully.
Williamson ft Cato.v.
Jitter OrdeHng Wood.
Pitl
M.«ra Qto. M. h,ll 4 c„^°°*° "'■■ '■''™'». On... May 1, ,912.
Winnipeg '
■ow°„;"S„rr'"'""' -'^ -^ '«'«-. over the o. T. Un, the ,„,
loSl:,'UL"S ^-^"■"P^^la. Cotb Binding
" Copied ?hrXSn":.'.'''^:''»; "''''-"-■™™ Binding
13 Cople. The Bu,l„e™ Mu™, ' ,';'°"' """"'"8
^ 10 Cople. Bible SySa cS°;;,"°~™ J"""'"*
Enclosed you will And P ^ ""' mniUng
(?"00) ,n paymrt 0, ata„°- STd? ".■!" '^ ^'">-S«ve„ Dollar,
«nd Oblige, »'«""• »°^'„^ "WP " promptly a. posX'
'uura ror auceoss,
EDW.K LEW,,, Agent.
ClUng Aetendon 10 E,„, i„ Invoice
Mewr.. Davis t Holt, Hamilton, Ont.. Jan. 27, 1912
Ottawa. Ont.
for •SmmrorblKmtJ°th«"'""*v.''°°' '""<"" ""'el the lOth in.,
box on the Plain «daa I heCh"'' °""''"»«> ">- >= "«s'"„lr
to kindly send me a corr^'^ ^o "'i'"™'™ and a* yl
Respectfully,
* lU. DOTU.
42
I
bUSINESS LETTERS
!«««• 4clu,„wl«lgtag Orter for
Goods
Mh. Ebwin Li:wi., WInnlpei. May 4. :9:s,
Toronto. Ont
._ -vr - - "- ?o- - "-» - - - o<
a«o M. Hill * Co.
letter
»»««o«lii« Corr«t«d Inroiee
»''. Ja.. Doiui, Ottawa. Ont.. Jan. 30. isij,
^ Hatnllton. Ont
Youn truly,
DivM ft Holt.
Pfr D.
'****■■ Requesting a ham
Mp. PlUNK SmiH, Bedford, <jue.. May 1. 19,2
Dear Sir ■f.M'""*'"™-''"'-
-e^f d-^^ySTuXtr • "■" "- - -" Par-on ., „ , ,.,.
"Ciievo nie.
Gratefully yours.
John Lonolbt
OlrtW Notlc of Note Coming |,„.
Mr- D. B. HOLra, °"'"'' Ha". Que., May 1. ,9,2
Cook«hlre, Que.
..... «^'i'™nCa"n7rdeTj„?^"- "»»•««)• ^-« Sep. 3,
*■"* zoura truly,
Koa^KKx.
4S
BUSINESS LETTKB8
It
I*tt*r beioiinf Hot*
tor "nllwllnu
C««U, B«i OF COMMBICft ■■»""«*•. *».. 1« M,,. ,8,3.
*"• Voon. truly.
I-tf, Eacl„„. BUI „ L«un, .. ^^ ,„ „^^_^
Bi»« oi. lUMitToN, ottt»,, OM., 2nd June, 19,3
Hamilton. Ont.
Klujl, deliver mid bill of l.Jl„. . .. *'■ """ "'r.
Yours truly.
Ozroio pon. p„
!*»•« of E€dfi»Mon
ttOFWHi„ Mm. Co Hllldi, N. 8., Sd ^.y, 10,3
City.
Ple.«int cbar.cte,. "°"«'™ "■' '"e .l„y, i^„ „, ,j'^ «^J
Vour« wry retpectfully.
0«o. W. H«Di„o.
I*tt« Advlsta, SUpaent on OoBuntaUon
MMsr.. HiLi. d r.i:,i,c. """"• "• «•• 2ath Aug., ,(,,3.
Comiulialon Merrbauts.
r 'Dti ^*' ^°^^< N D,
'-"'«"'■ - --'.''"o.rr,Tu''z,';zr"'"' • - -"-- -
"""'»"'"■■■ ""'' -'■« "e rro"c:.eSr,o'".rrred;t *:;""' •" ■-■' -'»
•■ue ireait or my account
lours truly,
J. B. Obmo (Shipper).
i
BUsmiBS LETTEBB
*■•«« OMot Hotie« .f Ti.T*,-. (ho
(PrinM LtUerkead.)
"'""• K""**". Bbo.« * Co. '■"" J"". 1018.
Oflbawa, Ont
"•■•"a'ully yoiin.
Km"" Kkititoo Milui.
*"««^».8»ia.uH«««„0«,d. '"*
"•«»■ Ahtbub a Combib, Winnipeg, Man., 2nd May, lOii
Gentlemen:— Pieaw dell
Yourt truly,
Mewn IUaB„o» vtzm t Co., "' ''''°'°»'' 0°«-. loth M.j., ims
''"^'"=»«ow Bros.
T*** P« J. D. P
'^ "'** »"^ " «-»ti« ., p«„^
_ , ■>"■ D. Shaw.
ine above notice mav h^ sn. "■ "• b™tu;».
^^'^-^int.rZZ'^,^'^ '■'■'"■■»^«' or .dd^d to
45
BUSINESS I.ETTE1»
M«t«n. ALUtN * Lm, Toionlo, Can.. 3/8/(M,
Detroll. Mich.
VouM truly,
ROBBBTB A Co.
B<qaM<lii«r Addnu o( P.p,r OJuuin*
Me»«r». IlEiuu, i.,.„ p„ TorPjln, So.k.. 2nd M«r, 1012.
niiftl,.f„rd. an,k.
Ba.k., and obll«f! ' ' '• ''• "'»'■ "■• Vork St.. Caplyle
Youra tpnl.v. *
3- K Good.
""»• MQTWTnio snaui. tavou
making th. r«iJ^^^'i„'^^^^;^>'^fo-''e«^7 tor
or tor .„ «L.ior„f tim"T^!„ L!J?'°?''' '"'"''« ""'»"«'.
'T ,T, r '» -^'-Ktrr^uT""' " "•"•• "^ ""
The toUowlng win „„« u exsiple,;
Meaara. Ki.via..K 4 »„„, Bmndon. Man.. 4tb April, loij.
IlumlMildt, 'saak.
pj^rr.n^:;;rrdr;,r?f- -="'™^^^^^
bal.„M to th, ,5,h „, S,pu p„v°dS y„„ can ^ "' i!!" '"'■"'"'°' <" ">»
■*«!"« b, the 20th ln.t ° '<«""™»l»>e ua .Ith y„u,
b. .b"nt;r rsr„'„r- -^jzi^tz -^ •"- ■-'■ -
•ccount before due. ""cemity of ciUlng on jou tor your
^Kindly •"" """ •«^- •• - «P«-2^in. yon ,„ .d..„„ we
B«niectfully youra.
H«ii»T liouw t Co.
M
JOih Jan.. inu,
^■Wwc Wou Istwdad
Montreal,
U.. t.v„,. ""«*^'' •"■ "■t^l" to .h.„k ,„„ ,„ ^,„^
voun very mpecltully,
■Iamu Dsnnu a Co.
"•"■«• OF niTBOOUOTIOM
natlTrf* Th.t.^Ct.T' ^ """""" •"""^ <" "urine.
b» one you can safely reoom^nT ™' "•" P*""" 'itroduoed
that you will not he obli^"™"ll?^ ^?' '"^' "■■'"'«» »
. I*tt«, „, lntror„tr'S^r^''''Li'''"'''" '»'«■''•
Introduoed hai a ri^ht .„ i, u ^ '^'**' ■" "» Pereon
Th.,oUowi^ViC:etreX';::''''"'"'"'''"^
"r. J. B. Ki,».D,. Abfrdcm. ont., 7th April, luw.
■5 Spruce 81., WIODlpen.
A^f",'° °'*" • >■""* oC ?/™»' '' ■'■""■-to. e..«lne bu,M.r..
Youn very rwnectfiiUy,
c«n« the fallowing: /n*™<in^„X Sa^d X^""'"''""'
Letter! of Indonenieiit
n-ponsibloandof^ohl^l J^'^ *° "» A^nolaUy
8«« character and bmdnen ability, uttle riak
47
'! I'l
11=
BUSINEWI LETTEM
!• Mramad; but nnlMi h* fa knoirn to poam tbm qnalttta
tb« lMt«r hettar not ba Kl'tn.
I«tteni or indonamsnt ihoold not b* Mtlod U dallTwtd to th*
psnon raquMtIng thtin.
Tha following Is • mte tern:
MaMti. EoisoM ELicTaic Co.,
Klonton.
aMi«.m.»:-Th. t>«u.r. Hr. Robl. Wmi. la pnpinoi M mnn In
tailom In DrockTlUr. Onl.. •nd olto on >oii lof tne pnrpoii ol aiui-
Inlng your gooda.
Nina yam' ■cqiulnunce wllh Mr. WW JtiatlOea ua In alillnc that ha la
> lantlanun of sl«lln, quallliaa and bualnaaa ablllly. and knowlnf lh« Held
in wnich ha la «li™t to locata, wa baira no haaltallon In asjln* thu you wlU
lad II pranubla » aitand to him .very courlaay.
Very Inily youn,
Ron. Walton A Son.
Ltttor Inetmiiic Dlnet U«UUtr
110 Llncohi St.,
t. , ^ uuelph. Ont., S-9-U.
Maaara. Jam. tUj • Co.,
Naoalmo, B. O.
aentlanian;-Thla wiu hitroduoi Mr. R. E. Hlfdna o« our city, who
wlahaa to puichaaa looda on thirty daya' lima.
Wa h.ye known Mr. HInln. lor the paat Stteen yean, and conlldentlr
ttate that he la lood for whatever contracta he may make.
You may conalder Ihia letter Indoraement to the extent ot One Thouaand
"""^ Reapecttully yonra,
Coui t HcKinu.
urmi OF uoomnHDATioH.
In giTing • lettw of raoommendatlon it nhould almtys b*
borne in mind by tha writer, that in reoommanding anothar,
three peraona are liable to be affeotad by It.
U not oarefiilly worded the applicant might be entnuted with
dutiea or reaponsibllitlea on the 8ti»ngth of nuch a letter, that he
la totally nntlt for, and consequently the employer would auffer
kaa and be put to inconvenience, the applicant inatead of being
benefited would be disgraced, and the writer'a reputation for
good judgment and truthfulness be injured.
If the applicant merits commendation it should never be
withheld; but the letter should never overdraw or state more
than he la capable of fulfilling.
The letter may be addressed to the person or firm to whom
tbe berjer desires to make application; or it may be written
48
•wlM«« w.y. It Buj thm b. preMnUd toMy ou tlu lw«r
Th* (oUowlDg u« tooM of the uinal roraii:
Mcun. J.
ciinrr. Alb.
hM b«, 1„ ™„ employ ,„ ,h, p„, u^ , byThehiirftJ
P«fonn™c. ot hU ««k .n.l 1,1. m.nly. upruh. chjic „ ,mw mS
-iL!''"" ' '~»™^ ""to » . IruBworlUy. c.p.bl. »d^«U.,to
K«i*i*rrH »nvBm Co.
Aa Op«a Latter trf IwmmiMmlnhm
_ _, BrldjMowii, N. «., 4U llu, I»13
To Wbok It M.t Ookoom:-
Till. 1. lo wrtlCy th.1 Ih. bniwr. Mr. a»m J. BUhr Im. l«n to ih.
jmploy cl our compMy tor ih. pul iwo yem, u bookSiii»r«T.i,.. 5
•ood lublu, .nd liK CIUI.IIU, cliMKter, uid w. hamUy r<no^i^i^
to ajyon. d«irln, .h. «,vl« of . comp««, b„olS»p^^^^ "^
tor ^ ;:S!r *<■ '"""^ '--"'°°. "" «««- •»!. hto our b« WW.
CAwnot Co.
PaJ. c. Cuui, riM.
39 Woodward Ave.,
■n. t. .... Cmnbrook. n. r.. toth Mar tfllS
aepMtmmt of our dry loodi boiue for nvenU y«>, mu „, |,l„^^«Zi
jud^. la b„ uns o, work .nd cp.^'Si.SSj xlV^^^i^ ,!:£
JOKKl * BXHSDICT.
"'@???^;^
ii
BI'HINIMM I.KTmS
"""7 dMeot the emn. If ujr, ud not only that ha form,
u MUut. of your quUltl« t^ th. letter y™ irilT
The foUowIng niggeatioiu may be helpful-
J. Write your letter of applioetlon yourKlftad do notaimlT
for a poeition you doubt your own aUUty toflll ^ ^
». Write refl)eotfuUy. and modeatly, bmakly ateUnc your
qualifloatioiu, without boaating "•"■■» your
Jili^.T/'"' !?" °f ''T "^^^ '^ «~»™"' Ponotuatlon.
•pelUng^ and uae of oapltab ara oomot
J. I*t the writing be Mt, the letter free f™, blot, and
•nmrw. even If you have to rewrite It half a down timee.
0. If making a personal applioatlon. and you are aiked to write
oolleoted and put these sug^ertlons into pnioUoe.
«. Replying to an advertiKement, sUte when and when the
iJir^^^^"" '*"„ "*''" •PP"™«on for the poelti"
adyertiaed, and answer all the requirementa
■•Imnui'i AppUcaUon
MMT.. A.«o„. t Co.. »"<"«»ke. B. C, 0th April, IBIS.
itt'vfiatokp, n. r.
.. °™.f''"»° :— K^PLrlns to your ndvi.rtl«.in,.nt In Siitiirdiiv» At.ll
offer. I b.,e h.d .l,r„. yoar,' o.porlcDc. .. «,,„„„„ ,„, „ ^e "t
SO
BUaiNBM LriTEm
good* atlllai to srocvri asd batrbrn. aoil koow tho eity ind llw trad*
tborooffblr. All I life ti rd opporianltj to prov* nf iblllty to wii
goods.
1 mpi^rullr trtM jr«Mi to J. 11. H(Miny * To.. 10 H. Watvr It,
RtT*latoki>, or Jofan D. MUli. Iflfi Market Kt.. R^vflMokp.
1 ahall bv glad to call on jrou for « (trraonal Inlorvkir,
\nirra wry truly.
L. A. rosm.
AppUnttott for ".^osU..
•n fc.-, ,;*■ .iioa
HaURALL ft DtTNIIK.
BurllDittoB '
nrotlpmf>v :— t^aminr ^^^
1p lD<r(««lng to aurh an tvt>-ui h it '
I brrrby mipe^fully appr T' t tbf >
faltbfatly a#rTP you to '\ heat or i
ba my flmt roDalderatlnn
1 aball br glad to faratah t( tlm >i
Hoping to bear from you finunii
H frkiid '<[ ni\n- thill
bU>lD)-M
i.ij'i r ,1 aaWman.
' ' 'pl«d I will
> 11 iotrrMla will
I'uct r, ability, etc
ii . ffully.
N'lR McNilL.
urms wMqatnsnii pathkht
Th* eompottUon of a lattar requagtlng paynMot of u aooount
it often ft perplexing Uek, parttoularly If the peieon ot firm is
oepable of pAying. but oweleM ebout It. Such a letter, to be
perfect, must not only obtain the mcmey doe, but do lo without
giving offenge. Such letten iliould not, ae a rule, be blunt or
abrupt, but ahonld oouTteoaelj and clearly gtate the reagont for
the request If it beoomee neceHary to euggeet placing the
aooount in the handg of a oollector, the suggeetlon should not be
put in the form of a threat but in such language as will show
your reluotanoe about using such means. Generally speaking, a
statement of the debtor's aooount is usually all that is necessary
to remind htm that payment is expected when due.
If necessary to request prmnpt payment, something like the
following may be used:
Toronto. Can., Sth May, 1012.
Mr. D. C. OowAN,
Melrlllp, Bask.
Dear Sir : — Incloied please find statement of your account fur April,
which we trust you will find correct.
We would appreciate It If you will kindly cheque same at your
earliest convenience and send ua a Toronto Draft for the nmoiint.
Tonrs truly,
Shithdov & Dewsnap,
s 61
111:
JUta d.b«o, 1. t^ . „e<«d «,«* ought k, ,,^ „
Vr. J. o. Bonn. Tomto. Cud., loth Ibr, wis.
Bmpmoii, Mid.
«1»!™ b, ret„™ ST." ■ "" '* " "° "'°"'°' '"'»' "• WItb ,o„
or,
CONKOK A BLAIMB.
MeMT,. Maxwell A Oo«Doir, ^■""<*""'' *^- «■- «" APHl. 1902.
Halifax. N. 8.
we b,„ ,!„„ r„! In k° "• "" "t™'!"" paid to notice." since
put n. under tb"TecS.t?«:f.o!:;''°""°° " "'«'■«'"■'»« /»« wS
collector. "oeeMlty oj pl.cln« ,our .ccount In tbe bnndi ot our
iw.ltl« . prompt repl,, w. .„. B,.p„„„,^,
DiTw * Liwtmci.
LETTERS OP AFOLOST
predion „„ th. on, to whom the expUnaifdrL "^ "°-
Al«lw for PtUur. t. &«, , B™to« Bn«u«m«t
»■ J. NomacoTT. ""*'"• ""••• "'"" •'"■. IMS.
Nicolet. Qne.
.b.^o;.';n Bo„«.v."i7 m'i b.'j ' •".^"'"" *° "«' '°° "
up on tbe rond, m, tnln ™ Jl ',,*1"' "^'«*- <"'■« «<> ■ "PMb-
tor m, to keo^tb. ..„„^t ""'' '^ " '" ■"■«-"•
62
BU8INESB LEITKB0
If FM win Undlr InfOtra me when It wtU b* coDTaUent for jrou to ise ma
I *Q1 twijtod to unuics mj biuloMt and meet 70U on wtuteror d«t« you
uaj nufft- Sloooelr youn,
Wu. J. Kuto.
Apology tor fallim to Paj an Aeooo&t
WlODlpeg, Man., 4 April, 1914.
UeMn Omo Hoou * Co,
Haotey, 8aik.
Q«nt)emen:~We owe you an aptdocy for not havlni settled our account
tlu flnt of the month m promiMd. We have been disappointed in not
reoelvinc returni for several larie shipmenta the past month, but expect to
be able to settle our account in full not later than the 20th Inst.
If you will kindly five us this extension of time we assuTe you the account
will then be paid.
Trusllnf that we have not put yau to any inconvenience, we aie.
Very respectfully yours,
CoNOBB * Duir.
83
i
■ Ml
m
I',
[I:
,L
J^J^.^.^ '^'" """•"''" '•**" •" frienddiip fa an
aocomplMtaaent v«y m«,h to be d«,ed, and ought to bean
!^J7l^ T "^"^'y »»y ou« w*„ « not „ued upon at
■ome time to wnbt,ltttars of a mraal luuun
it ne««ai7 to oultmMe g«.ar ««. ,rf eipreKion in their
u,^ ,f^^ ! ""*"" Wnd - p.^ wiU depend Mmewhat
upon the piirp«e for whK=h it i, to Wn«A Oene^ly speaking
what would be .uitable for bu,™-, letter, would nTtefo;
WOW oorre^ndence. excepting Commerciat Note. 5x8 in
which may properly be used for eitlier. This size is the n.™t
Octavo Note. 4Jx7 in., although other sizes are in use.
it i. „„f L!^f* r? !*"'"»«' P*!*' ""y be used by ladies, but
It is not good taste for gentlemen to use either.
sh^elfX'.J:,.'"""'""" '"^ ■" "» -'^ «"•" "«'
perZns'h]^'"''™' " -""' ■"*•""■ '" "■« t^'" »' y«-
Knvd,^,. Two style, are in general use. One, nearly square,
to oonhun the note sheet folded once, and the other oblong
which contains the note sheet folded twice, once each from top
^t T^' It. r * ""'" '""'" »* "•'y "■»- "-e folded
•heet They should be of the same color as the paper.
M
80CIAL LETTEBS
ol a I«ttw.— Huoh of what has been said regarding the
parts of a btisinen letter applies to the parts of a social letter.
BmUng.-Form and position tlie same as in business letters.
Address.— When the address is given in social letters ito
proiwr position is at the close of the letter, on the next space
below the signature, and commencing at the left-iuuid side of
the sheet at the marginal line. Many social letters written
nowadays do not contain any address, the salutation being made
to do duty tor both, yet the address, placed at the close. Imparts
a tone of respect to the letter, and may always be added with
propriety, especiully in writing to our superiors.
Salutation.— Wliat has been said regarding the salutation in
business letters applies in social letters. The position of '.he
salutation is the same as the first line of the address in business
letters, and the familiarity and warmth of the expression used
depends entirely upon cur relationship or intimacy with the
friend written to, and the subject of our correspondence.
The qualities that combine to malie an agreeable associate
are required to make a desirable correspondent, and too great
familiarity is not one of them.
The circumstances and variety of expressions are so many
that we refrain from giving examples.
Body of the LettMr.— The body of the letter in social
correspondence usually begins to the right of the salutation and
on the neJt line below. Both sides of the sheet may be written
on if the letter is more than one page in length.
The Oomplimantaiy Oloiiiig.— Ocoupiee the same position as
in a business letter and should be in keeping with the salutation,
and the subject of the letter.
The Ugnatnn.— Usually in letters of intimate friendship only
tlie given name is signed. One point in favor of signing the
« liole name is this: if there is any uncertainty about the letter
reaching the person to whom you address it, your name will
insure the letter being returned tofouin case it is sent to the
Dead Letter Office.
H'^.
65
BOCUL LETmS
umgu OF AfwuHow
«»v^?*'V? *'*"'" "" ""*''' " *"'' o"' o' o" »««f4 'or
"*"•*. '5'^ •" " *lBi»nt H our nlatiou to othen, ud
mv be limply U» .ipMrion of Uiully Ming or of U»
xrongam Impulna tlut move the human heart.
I*ttet» of affeotlon add much to human happinees, and mom
^i^jj^" "" ,'^"»"- '"'' "»' "-^ '""'' *"» '"■^
M^',"^'," "^^ " *"""'• "•"* «■-*■"- • good letter
mnpl Our pleurare in receiving such letters should nmlnd
i^f^ ^^ to our dear ooee in the matter of writing them
.11^^ ."' *"* ""^ ""^ "'^ •» onlivenod by playful
^ustontjest. and familiarities provided the writer is Le ho
will not be misunderstood
The meet elegantly oompoeed letter wlU not bring one-half
ttie pleasure to a far-away relative that a simple letter orowded
with feelings of home life and home love wia
SInoe no form would perhaps fit one oasa in a hundred wo
oo^ ^ve the following example, which we considar a model of
1
MTBi^OBU,:- li««)n. Nov. IJ. I7M.
iMiLl!^ ,i° "" .* '" '^" "^ "» • 1«" "M-nwor. u.d andoxl
«™ ^L .„°"h ""=: •°„^ "«»■«>«■. <«B~tl«,^^e«?iim joTSXh
r-S-^^H ^" ""' °°" ""^"^ "I"""' •<"•?»» poor iM. I hii
mtUMd enousli, men when there Is the most occMkin -~. »• ui-
The menenger n;s he ten the letters st your house and s>ir von mli^
wsrt. .t Dr. Duehes. „d Md ,^ ,hen he would |^ id t" t K^^'
I T.^ ' ?. .■I"?'"™'' •"" "W »>"' 1»" be don. with yon
•tout the middle of the wed., nor wlU I .«.d you . word of new^-Uul?
«T duty to mother, love to children and to Hlia Betsey and Oi^;,. eic.,,tc.
I am your loving husband.
D e 11. Benjamin Fsahkuh
-Jii^ wiJrr.^rJ'JirL^,'""^ — * b..« wntteo la hssf by
L
mm^
SOCIAL. LETrERS
or
LttUn of fttondihip make up that large clan of wiltlHi
meMagea that strengthen the bonds of friends abamt from one
another. The '^hlef obarm of suoh a letter 3 Its natural,
conversational style. It should cause the person reading it to
feel as though he bad been favored with a pleasant visit,
rather than a formal calL
Thus, Bayard Taylor, while in Germany, writes to an intimate
friend in America:
"Your letter csme (our or five daya ago, and I take my flnt leiiun to
sonrer it. I take it for granted that tuiB will find you In your Tenth Street
rooma, which are w rlear in my memory that a letter iM more like a penonal
meeting to me than when you were in Rondout. You aomebow manage to
bring your own bodily aelf before me when you write: I see your eyee and
the changing expreaaion ot your face, aa I read, and the aound of your voice
acoompaniea the written wtntla. Tbua your letteti are most welcome, do
matter what you write. * « * "
To another:
"You made your ahort note ao [desaant that I can't aoidd you tor Ma
brevity; yet I should like to. There might have been n much more of
what may aeem personal or domestic 'nothings' to you, yet have auch value
at this diataoca. * • • "
Freshness and orie^naHty in eScpresston should be cultivated,
eepeoially in the opening and closing sentenoes. Avoid old and
time-worn phrases as,
"I tbou^t I would write you letting you know," "I now take my pea la
bsBd," etc.
Bow refreshing to receive a letter from a friend who begine to
talk to us from the first line; for instance.
"It wae kind of you to aend me a good, long letter while I was lying all
aluie In my room with 1 othing to do but take villainous doses of medicine;"
"It was a delight to me to see your hand on an envelope sK&in:"
"I found your letter waiting for meon Uooday when my holiday closed."
Compare also such closing sentences as :
"Having told you all I know or care to write, I will now cloee;"
"I must bring my letter to a close, as I have nearly filled the sheet;"
with such as
"Reodleet that I am absent and you are at home, so your letters are
wtffth the moat;"
"Remember me very kindly to your brother and my old (rieods on the
hill, and beUeve me. "Yours very lincendy,
87
<% (f ■■ ■■ V';'
SOCIAL LETTERS
ntof of. tetter. Son«of ou, b«t.«thor,«t «.good^SiX
Evar and ever roun,
ClUJL SCUHXK.
(5iiiii»wr fo Afr. Toirer.)
rob- J^brZ Sr"^"; ''':'^;™" iLr '^° ""-^ '" "»" «""'■'«
(Sydney SmWt io Lady Orty.)
if.ii.u .^ . (To Lady Hollaat.)
Ever your aflectionale friend,
taiABI.Bl DlCKBNS.
58
SOCIAL LETTERa
XOmU or OdROftATUL^TlOM
VMmn vt OaagntaUtion are those written to friends upcm
mnj oooeaion of miooen, joy, honor, or advancement, or when
they have in any way been espsoiaUy favored. They should
only be written when we can heartily enter into the spirit of
rejoicing with the one to be oongratulated. Nothing but the
nuMt natural, hearty and genuine feelings of Joy should be
expressed in our letter, and that in our happiest way of
putting it.
Letters of congratulation are generally brief— sometimes only
a telegram— and contain no^ng regarding other matters. It
depends somewhat u|ion the occasion, how much may be said
in the letter, as, for example, the following written by Charles
Sumner to a friend just home after some absenoe from his
tamily.
Budion, on the North River,
TuMday Evening. Sept. 38, 1841.
DxAa LntNnt: —
Hen 1 am impriKmed bj the r.iln in the Inn of • Yankee village. Long-
ing for companlcHiBhip, I write to you, and while 1 write, imagine that 1 have
it— ai the ostrich auppoaea hinuelf free from danger when he haa thrutt hia
bawl In the sand. • « •
I trust you have had fair breexee and this letter will find you with her
who lovee you so well and with your boys frolicking about you. Ah! my
dear Ueber, are you not happy? I know where you live. 1 wish your home
were more according to your heart; but you have sources of the highest
bappiaMB — domestic blisB of the rarest kind: constant and honorable em-
ployment for your time; a dlstinguislied name; and the consciousness of
doing good, of aiding the cause of truth, of education, and government.
I know tew persons who have such reasons for blessing God as you. * * *
Ever yours,
C1LUU.BS Sotona.
. ,<
Oongntulatliitf a Lady on Her Manriage
Betlevlllv, Onl., lOtb Sept., 1U13.
Mr DKAB Eva: —
It was with heartfelt pleasure that I learned of your marriage to Hi
Howard, and 1 pray that time may but unite more closely your heart to that
of the noble man to whom you have confided your life's happiness.
Hoping I may hear from you soon, and that you will pay me a visit on
jour return, I remain your old friend and schoolmate,
Ehily Blanchabd.
To Mrs. EvH Howard, Asqulth. Sask.
WCUL LETTUa
• Owttmn an ■■ lUnlK*
.. CoBlptoll, Qo*., Not. 9, 1913,
Mr DUB Mm. ALLctf;—
I llHUli to offer jrou m; coimstulathHU uid ilnctTC good wiihM la
n«ud to jotiT i«c«nt bspplnoM. I hope th«t Nch dftjr majr but add to tlio
' I of youneir Mid MtlmabU wUa. Yotin ilncM^,
Mn. D. 1. Wutcnum.
It- :r.jnr, » Mnd «a tlw Hth laatnmiy o( Waddiac
, . MdlOM, N. 8.. B.p». 9. 19U.
Ut VMAt dM. Adahi: —
II my meitory li fslthtul. It Is Jiut twenty-ara yeui to-day itaieo I had
the plMun of coocratulatlnv your food buiband upon his rnddlng and
toBderliiff to you my itncere food wishes.
Permit me to confratulate you both upon bavitif oomplsted ths sUtw
drds. and oiler my best wishes that you may lou IIts locether and eiptri-
•nce as much happiness In the luture as your laces prove you have anJoyed
hi ths past. With best ncards to yoursell and husband, I am,
YouiMsnd,
Cua, Osaa.
OaacnMMiac a Mand aa tta Bbfh a( a Bon
„ .. _ Yarmouth, N. 8.. June 19, 1912,
Mt naaa Ha. OaanNBR- —
Allow me to pressn* to you my most hearty confratulatlons on the birth
of your son, and my lin- -« hopes that he may prove in very truth a blessing
to bis parsnts. and the piide and comfort of their old affe. As for the little
lellow hhnself, I could wish him no greater happiness than to be bom of such
parenu and hi such a home. Your Mend,
Jomr CtJLbiM.
URDi or nTBODTTomni
like latteiB introducing aoqusintssoM for biulntaa pnrixiaea,
Kwial latteiB of introduction aliould be given only wlien the
penon writing them is aatisSed tliat it will be desirable for all
partiea ooncemad. Your letter is an endorsement of yoar
friend's oharsoter and qualitiea and If they are not aU that
might be deaired, it reflects on you.
You may speak in complimentary terms of your friend, but
not In such a way as to make him feel embarrassed In preaantiUK
the letter. "
■ociAL Lnrxn
BMldants ■honld Bnt call opon • b«w miihbor unlw h*
Mngis latter of istroductlon. Iiitli«»<»»»th«i»w<oiiwriii«y
otU ant If a ■tnogn' nndi r<»> » l*tlw of introdaotton uid
hia or har oud, It !• Tonr duty to osU tii* nut dajr. or nod an
ISTitation to call ufou you.
Tha f ollowiog ara azamplaa o( lattan of Introdnetion :
Huuu, N. »., etb ADrii, igis.
■r. H.
. R. Bbldim,
OtUwm, Oot. ^ J «_
Uy d«u Sir:— This wDJ Introduce to rour MqiMlotftnce my friend Ifr.
r-™old». tor whom I luve irent eetenn, ud whom I •m nin jrou wlU be
'-H-,py to know.
Any Mtentlon you miy hnve hi your power to beetow durlnf hU »l«
to BMoa will be pitehiUy ndimcated by Your triend.
H. 8. Warra.
OUce Bay, N. B., mil Dec., iai3.
Ur. T. H. OaimH,
VeraoB. B. C. _ _ J
Deer 81r;— I take much pleefure In Intloducini to you my eeteemed
friend, Bflie CImre Htriend, e young ledy who will spend a few monthe la
your city. 1 un sure an eequelntence with her WUI be a pleaaure to you.
Any favor you may Ihow her during her stay hi your city 1 ehell conilder
a OMnnal one. Youn rinceiely.
a penonai one lU^ j. H. Howaan.
Brandon, Urn., 4th May, 1912.
Mr aaaa Una Joaaaon:—
Uy friend, Hr. T. E. Carter, purpoelng to make hie home hi your dty,
1 yenture upon the khld hoepitallty you ha« always extended to me to hltlo>
duce hhn to yourself and family. Trustlni that the acquaintance wlU be as
pleasant aa mine has been with both yourself and hun.
1 am, very respectfully.
Your friend and well-wiaher,
J, F. OLaaiiOH.
LimU OF OORDOLnOl
Lettara of condolenoe are written to expreaa aympathr with
thoae who have auflered loaa or bereavement The taak,
eapeoialljr in the Utter oaae. may not be an eaay one, for if
hnproperly worded instead of bringing comfort it might only
add to the aorrow. The diflioulty of the taak should not prevent
OS from performing our duty to the beet of our ability.
Let your letter be brief. Show your own sorrow or aympathjr
In wallchoaen worda.
11
1.1'
1, ,.r
: 81
l!l SM
If
■ooui, unma
B» oouid««to, ud omit nMntlonIng uunM ud Um datalb of
tlia Mnow, H llwjr oolj opan *(raih tiM wounda.
Do noi try «o polnl out what iiii(bt hsro btmn If 1U> or that
ud boon done,
Oive comfort, or withhold vriting. A flne .xunpl. ocoun in
tllo oomqioadmoe of Cliarle. Sumnar, ud |»rt of hii basutiful
irttar to Chwlamadie Towar on raoaiTing nawa of tin daath
of Ur. Towar'a bttbar, ia ban (iraa. ^^
Mr ..« »*,„„,_ Cta.b«d„. rad., Horaln,. May 11, lUJ.
Th. mommt I n» ih. blu'k letl ol your klter. my mind •ntlelpaM
I oO» you my .mem nymwhtai. Tl» Ion „r . I.ther I on only tnu^ue'
I«ll^ ■C ^ir.".".*? "™""^ *" '■°'" •"»""'«"" -"1 U'««y predl-
« h:;:°.!i':rs;";,S";o:r,",.''™. * :""."• °' -"^"""" "■■' ~°«'^"°''
BeUeve me ever your true friend.
CuAnum SmiMut.
Parhapa no better apeclmen of a letter of condolence can ba
found tlian the following, from the pen of the lamented Unooln
The original letter adorna tbe walla of a hall in the CoUege of
Braaenoae. at Oxford, where it ia looker-, upon with deep interaet
by American visitor, and ia treaaored by the authoritiea of the
ooUege. It azplaina itaelf.
Executive Mineion.
D>« M»»A..- W«.hin,lo,., Nov, Jl. 18M.
Adjlit''.'„7r';^l'!'°ri'° '"t"'" °' "" '^" >*I»nn.ent . «.„„ent of the
h.vl ;r2; ? ^ Mi™ichu«.ll,. th.t y„„ .re llie mother ol llv. „„, .ho
h.ve died Blor,o,„i, „„ tlie fleld of tattie. I led how weiUi „d Inilti,-™
must be any word ol mine which .iiould .tlempl to beniile you (rot ,l"
JTlet ol . o» «> overwheimln,. But I cmnot retnln ftX lenderli,, ." vou
dtlTo- ."" "'•>"" '»""" 'n tl».h.nk, or th. Repubflc t „!y
died to »ve. I pray that our Heavenly Father may »i.u.i,e the aiiKuLh
ol y..ur hereavement «.d leave you only the cheri^ed memo" „I thTveS
M^U,!-!. nd the »lemn pride that must be your, to have laid >o coilly a
•acriUw upon the altar o( Ireedom. '
TV. u- Bi.k- ^™" ""' ^""^^ "nd re.pectfuUy.
ToMr..Blxby. A,aA«*. Liscoij..
*• • MmiI « iMi at Bmm br rin
rhalham. Oat.. Irt Jul;. Illlil.
Mr MA* Mm. Romh:—
I haw |iul tauMd of irour ho ol iMt mnlni, ud luaKn In aUn you
my qrinpallur; lor. ueopt hao o» llh, ilKni can In norui irolrr thai) iliat
o( Iba hoiM, round which io many phaaanl iMmarm din,, and In which
wa ha¥a lathcrMl ao many houaahold irMmina which no money can raplaca
I know alao what • laollni of daaolatlon mun come ovar you loJay.
Accept my eaineal ■yapalby, aod, IIIeuiliianywayaldyou,donal
nil Io call upon me. Youn,
E.'a. PiWm.
t* • rtlnd on tk* Dwth •( ■ ■«
Wlulpei, Uah., 4th Oct.. IU13.
Mr. EuoixB Eaoan.
My dear t^lendr-It la with deepeet lympathy that I write to you
reallilni how profound muat be the lorrQW when he la taken away who tor
•0 many yean, hai he.n the comlort and prlile ot a tather'a decllnlnc'ute
■till a lew more daya here, and I tnut we will all be united to Irlenda who
hare been mercllully. no doubt, taken away iBim ua who mourn here below.
I need hardly aay that you can now, more than ever, rely upon my aldljia
TOU In any way In my power. Your moil ilneen fri.nH
Your moat aincere friend,
CHAluja D'OWAV.
urmi or um Aim ootowhif
No cIiM of lettcn ooniumM to muoh time and thought, or
CUUH tho writar mora anxiety thnn love letten ; however, when
true alleatlon prompt! the meacge, little guiduoe wiU be
neeiled in the oompoaltloo.
The charm of thia oorrMpontlenoe Ilea In the aimilaritj of
taetee. and the tone of eameat aSeotion which ii given to the
meMage.
Never Indulge in flattery, but remember the flnt element of
lasting affection is respect.
Ladies especially should be careful to preserve their dignity,
and guard their future reputations when committing anything
to paper.
Secret correspondence should not be indulged in. Uberty
from pannts or guardians should always be sought first
We give no tamplea of love letters. No one would want to
receive one written in a copied form. If to be without a copy
U»vee a fellow to make a fool of himself, better for the other
party to find It out early.
i ;•■
63
maocon iesoiution iest chadt
(ANSI end IXJ TEST CHART N„, 2)
I.I
la ^ ^
^ 1^ 12.2
1 2.0
MB
1^ I'd ill 1.6
TIPPLED HVHGE in^
'653 East Uam sirsM
SOCIAL LETTEBS
AiUng Pamiulan to Call
D«. M,«i Bm.:- l«H.wlejrSI..H«h,M«M.
nMumliw >omewh.l upon our tornier acqualntwice. I boot to bo imr.
Stl^"", ^' 'T. °r ""'* " '" "^ '»™'»*'" •" ci>n«I^1 with z.
and >lso to h.ve the pleasure ot calling on you at youp tome
Anxiously awaiting a favorable reply.
HI- u.~ ,:■ = I am very truly your IHend,
Mln Mary E. Biee. cauiu. 0. Vim
S04 Elm St., City. ^niiuj. u. vixH.
A r*Tenbla Bajily
D.«,s„:_ 204 Elm St.. March l»,l«M.
I J^Z,'T7!. fO""""""™' '"""Sh "Ot extensive, ha. been pleaMml. and
I do not flnd It In my heart to object to your kind request.
With pleaiure I subscribe myself. Your stocere friend,
Haht £. Bbeb.
An Ihit>TonfaIa Baply
D.A, S.»:- °'^' "*"" ">•
Your very ktad note has been duly received, and in reply I am permitted
ll^l ^"' ""'^.■""«'"<* '^»y "'"er^i by your re,u«t. TJ^Sit 2
liberty to (rant It. with sincere regards.
I remain your friend,
Chuleia. Vemi, MA.rE.BM..
16 Hawley St.
Fism • Omtlaum to ths rather oi a Lady, Baqnaitiiic Hw
Band in ManUga
No. 3G6 Greenwood Ave.,
Mr. Join F»m»i, Lockport, N. B., sth March, lois.
Lockport. N. S.
My dear Slp:-I am certain you will not be surprised when I tell you that
through my frequent visits at your house and your kind hospitality to me
I have leuned to regard your daughter with a most stocere alTection. Know-
tag that her welfare and happiness must be the first comrtderatlon with you.
1 hasten to acquaint you with my feelings.
I am, as you are aware, not lacktag to this world's goods; uid, If an honest
and sincere altection can secure her happiness, these certainly rilall not be
WHitiaf. WiU you trust her to mef I anxiously await your answer.
Very respectfully,
Clabxncb Bsaw.
M
INVITATIONS
Invitations
Notm ol inTiUtion for luge gatherings ate usually engniTed
or printed and should be sent at least a week or ten days in
advance, and should be written in the third person.
Among friends of long acquaintance a familiar note is in
better taste.
For less informal gatherings, invitations may be sent out
nearer the date of the oocaaion, and need not necessarily be
written in the third person.
Notes of invitation for teas, luncheons and evening parties
should be written in the name of the hostess.
The time-worn custom otpraaUing compUmenU', in an invita-
tion is passing out of usage.
Invitations to dinner, breakfkst, or luncheon require prompt
answers, and the answer should be written in the same form as
the invitation.
Initationi to laeaptiau or an "At Home" do not require an
answer. If the peraon receiving an invitation is unable to
attend an "At Home or "Afternoon Tea" it is proper to send her
card the afternoon of the occasion.
Wadding invltatiani should be issued not later than Bfteen
days, nor earlier than tour weeks before the date of the cere-
They are either engraved or printed (printers now have several
fine linee of type that produce work about equal to engraving)
on fine white or cream tinted piqier, the correct sise of which
is about 7iz6) inches and (olds onoe to fit tha esTelopa.
S5
>i !
INVITATIONS
nrviTATioini to LUNOHioir
...o'eAed
SUm9i^sd^
InTltation by Koto
69 Dorchester St., May 12, 1912.
Dear Mrs. Pattebson:—
I afaould be pleased to have you lunch with me on Tuesday, the ninth, at
half past one o'clock.
Itusting no previous engagement will compel you to deny ub the pleasure
of your company, I am. Sincerely youis,
Ethel B. Harris.
It is quite oorreot for the hostess to mail her calling card, with
the annotinoenient,
written beneath her nama
Invitatioiis to Beceptioiis
These invitations are now sometimes issued in the name of the
gentleman as well as that of his wife, reading,
INVITATIONS
When a mother and daughters receive, the card Is in tUi
form.
Eta
biTlUtion to ■▼aning Par^
Mrs. EUiott requests the pleasure of Mr. and Mrs. Sluiw'i oompuvoa the
evening of Hay 4th at el^t o'clock.
14 Kingston Ilace.
XnTitation to Bido
Mr. Bell would be much pleased If Misa Rennle would accompanr him in a
drive to Lookout Point thia afternoon at two o'clock, May 10th, 1912.
ANSWXBDIO mVITATIONa
Aceopting Invitation to Lunch
nma tmmiaSitm 4a ^utc4«cm
«/ cm* 9'fioeA
' m
67
INVITATIONS
BMytarmiUtrirate
Dull Hu. HAams:—
Slnwrely youra,
Jean A. Patteiuon.
Bagnt In Auww to IhTitetioii to Broiinc P»rty
d.,.!!,'; '"."!. "" "'"" "«"' ""' ""'"« '° »>• I" """Itl" ot Ihelr little
Maplewood House.
ITie abilitjr to grucefully atxwpt or decline an Invitation U
quite u euential aa to Imow how to write an invitation.
wiDDnro nmiATioH
A
(chuTcli or iiome address)
t» enoloeed witli the wedding inyitation, and may be inscribed
68
INVITATIONa
r.^ If (T^t^* "" ^ oeleteBted with only , f„ friend,
prewnt, it is oortomary to send out announcement cards. Thev
are posted on the day of the wedding to all friends of the bride
and gloom. The usual form of such announcement reads :
A
«"■«*«« AmmJiW «,/ /&»<, •/
.1.''^ Mmonnoement may be accompanied by a card bearing
^tasaa AND BUBDIXSS CUUtDS
J^^ '^ '" '-*«-U«^y » "-arried lady, card is
larger than the one used by unmarried ladies
ta "^ s^lL'" "**•* *? "^f^ tok are the only one. u«rf
"1 good noiety. Nanr we bevel or gilt^ged oaid. or any
decoretto™ other ttan the n«ne. addr«S. and^r^Sn^ to
mall town, the address may be omitted.
^ ::i;
•y^a. ^a
t>rman
Mtiti
-'^ .J^^ 0ai>t;x
^ ZZ/OiKi
70
PART III
Contracts, Promissory Notes. Orders,
Receipts, etc.
L
C0»I»4CTg
CONTRACTS
th.a only ,„„,... „, ^„' °"'" "^, ""n^". or one «
tlcuUr thing." From ihi. T , , , ' "' '° «'^e ■ome n-r
..i.ute .uch .„ ZZ^'J:, S't.:';""'" ""' "> "-
or mutual ...e„t „, .„„ or Ire „' "^ ""^ '•'■^"'™"
valid oon.lder.,lon, and (3° .r™hr„ , J '" " ""o" "-I
"> be done which I. the objT ! f^ ° "" '"'"'' " «"'««■•
"Q«'.Ue. there are Involved T^o.;,, ™°'"'"' '» «■'"
...e«l„g p.rtle. .hall he co^pl;, ?'°"'^ "" "•" «>e
ttat the object of the contractTh.1 k , ° ™"'""' '"«' <»)
™".t be . concurrence of Indention IT ""'' '""'• "f"'"
of whom or each of whom oromr " '"" """"■ one
"bo on hi. par, accept, .ucrjo','""""""* '" "" °"'".
be promlae I. called the " promC" . '"" "'"'' "«"'■>«
'"• "'•on.l.e I. m,d,, j^, »"™''°;' .f" 'be party to whom
bo-nd to the other by a -i^IC" Z""" ""'^ ■»«>' b°
» cantractor hire. , workmfn , ""■«"««•' For example
^y the month, or by ttl ", *""■ '" ■>'«■ by the day
work done. The worl,^ ' °' '"^ »«■•«■ 'o pay for th.'
oon.r.«or agree'.TpT; "C J" "? '-« -"""^ b
tbeir mutual promtae, con.tifute/™""'" '"o other, and
Of each being the " conZ « „ ' 7°'"°'' ""' " "-msj-
otber When the contract w^h " "" P'omUe of the
'o be «,.Ita,.„^. ?or eLmnl. ""t "^'^''^ ''-"^' " " '^d
-"r..y for another. A ,aya To'b ",1'" » ■>"■«- ""oon. 2
bl. man a. a collector for a w„ J T" """"« 'o ™Ploy
f" »" Buch eum. aa he .h»M • ' "'" ^ '^'Vnmil
Tbat would he a unilateral coi-"?"" "'"•'"^ """ ""-e -
^"t B not being bound ,! T "'' * "^'"^ bound by It
B employ, the man then Z " " '"^ ■"»"• "■ however
b'MIng on A. "'" ""' ^"""'"e attache, a i become.
"•■bere Is al.o the ca.B ^,
minor may .ue upon a .„ , ^ """"' "'' " "mtnor" a
-not be .ued; T-^m ry^'i.To '^"" "'"■ '-'-■' "»
- - Of a contract rej.rld V^ t b^eT^C
71
L
CONTRACTS
•re laplM i, ^^ "^ •»'«■'»•. and contr»ct. which
I. no contract I, rh„! "'"„"''""' "" *" '" '"■»■■ •"er.
«'.rh7rh7.r.°" rr^her'" - "■"™" '• "■-"•«■
If mad. h. S *°™ * "Pre"ent«tlon ot (act
t... i. mai: doer 'ct up^r,."".?, '° *-'"" "" """-'-
.n.:rTS:C[;n.rc/.YatVr-"-..r
after hf °"""' "■■ "°'»"""'y "" 'ffl^ng a se"
after the name of each contracting party Even Tn tlT™
i« paid, or some act Is done In return for tliB •• nr^™!.. ..
72
CONTRACTS
Inoth^r 4 ■ •" ^"'■nent to become .urety tor
another. Agreement, exprewed In wrltln* are .„hw. ?
r»n.™ct""'r"''" "'""»» '• ~ -«"-"^
P.m« on. t«.^ """' "' """■»»-'-'- between two
con.tUnt. .n .eoeptance of thro^er^irie "ett"7rerit
in . flnal and deflnlte offer and acceptance of cert." ."ec
fnM. ."'"'"™'""'""' ™''» "" '"« P"rPo»e of Inducing
another to enter Into a contract. It untrue may turnirt
-ufflclent ground, for afterward, avoiding It
Where an otter ;> made or accepted by an "agent" It I.
of the .ame validity .. ,t m»de by a pr'nclpal hut V!
per.„n ..ehlng .o hold the pr,nclpaM.ahrmu« prove th
the party with whom he contracted wa. the agent of tue
pereon agalnet whon he I. enforcing the contract The
within the scope of hla authority. ^
An offer may be made, limited to a fixed time It no.
accepted within that time, there I. „„ contract Such an
offer may constitute what 1. called an "option." Indtld Z
word. "Oiler- and -op,,..- „ean practL'y 'the .ame
73
CONTRACTS
thing. But the offer or opUon may be withdrawn b>r ,h«
person Who n.ade It at any time hetore aoceZce n how
ever the pereon to whom the offer 1. made ha. given .^v
conalderatlon tor It. then the option will be w„h !^
cannot be withdrawn hetore t^'Z. T d Vn 0,^^^
I revoe*!;, 1 T' " ■"" "''"■ ''°"'"«' "^ '"= other par?;
oVer party be, """"° """"' "'' ™'»"»""«"ed to I'e
jpir^e^rpsr:;err.tirx^
drawn betore It le communicated. A/ter the acceptance hae
bean communicated to the party making the offer Ucanno
landTH "1."""" "" ™"""'- ^ ^■""«' for'h .ale o
land la deemed to be complete at the time of the acceptance
of the offer. After a contract for the sale of goods Is acclp^ed
re-^fTereprnr" '-' '" ""' ""-■ ^ ^^
Simple contracts arising Independentli of agreement that
heZue^'b 'r"1 '" ""• '""'"■'^ transactions rffecung
r^L, . ."^ """"^ ' """""' o" »"« <""> Side, and a cor
relative right on the other .""uacor
Contracu "Implied in l.w» include the tollowlng. namely
an^hefdrTo""^' '"' ""'' ''"' '" "■" »« -•;>«"«'"(
another debts for money received by one party tor the use
BUt^ed-beYwer'tV" T'' '-""^ '" •"= "^ ^^"'^oZl
stated between the parties, such liabilities being recognized
LT °T''' """•"' "»''-' <"">«• When severafTer
sons are "co-debtor," tor the same debt or liability which
as between themselves Is payable In several shares anS
21: Tr"'^ "■ """ '"^ ""'-'■ "' ' >"''' greater than hie
"eon/wf « -■"""' '" """^ '■■■>'» ^"^ <" the others a
Share t^debr/""'"'""" "' '"^ ^^''" •>''^°-' »'« -»
Share, as a debt tor money paid; as where one of several
.0 r/tf 'T, """''' "■ " '™' «""«» - " "« '""a"
L ^^. "^'^ "^ """ ' '■'*'" "■ «'""" "ontributlon from
^e sa^r>- .r^": ''™™' '"'™"'' "' "e-"-«tles- tor
h!„T . • ^-^ ""^ °' ""^ '" ""«» "P0° to pay more
than his share, he has prima ,„cie, and subject to any special
agreement between them, the right to - ein,rlb.,I„;; »Tom
74
CONTRACTS
the otheri proportionately to the amount, for which each
^JnTT '"'"' '■*'"•""' ""» '"«' >"'" "h enforce
agaln.t hi. co-.uretle. In an action tor money paid The
above are example, of Implied contracts.
Contract, ander seal are formed by a deed aeai^H .nn
aeltvered^ They Involve an a.reemenl Inarmucb the
TZ , .K "■" ^'^ *"'™ •''^"- '"«»' '"«=» ft-™ the for-
mality Of the .eal which Is used to witness the agreement
and not, like .Imple contracts, from the mere fact r. he
ZT'^""': , ^"'"*' " " '"'"°"'" """ '"» P»"l«» to put
agreement. Into the form of a deed under .eal. But agree-
men . a. to .ome matter, and tor some purpose, are
'oqulred by law to be made by deed.
A "Tolnntary" or gratuitous promise, that Is, one made
without a consideration, „ void of legal effect, unless m^de
IL T„ H " " ' *■■"'"* •"• '-"'-ne-t written, sealed
and delivered, to prove and testify the agreement of the
execntlon ..d delivery of . deed may be attested by a wit-
ness, who signs a formal statement, written on the deed to
the effect that It was signed, sealed and delivered In hs
f„'rr,r "^ "="'' '° *' '■■«»»«tlon .houw not be an attest
of the deed. A deed take, effect from the delivery, it i.
Z.„; ^ Z^ "'""^ '"=' " '"«» delivered on a dif-
ferent day. The date of .xecotlon govern, the Interpreta-
"on of expressions of time not otherwise deflnltely flxed
Where parties to a deed contemplate that It shall be executed
by all the persons named therein. It Is not binding upon an
executing party If that condition I. not compiled with The
del very of a deed may be made npon . condition, .o that The
delivery Is not complete and the deed not binding untn the
condition IS satlsfled. It Is then called an "escrow.- De!
le'TeedMl^r"™ "" "' ■"""'' ^•"'^' '"^ "^"^ ""i"'
Iton toV.M L '""' ■>'"'«»»'<"'■ <"■ "P™ delivery of posses-
t Z„ , """'■ ""■ '" '"" =■"'«"<" 0' ">« other party
money or ;r°" °' "" "■"""""■ ■"■"" '' '"= '"'^"■'■" »'
money, or the procuring or registration of a discharge of
75
Ill
COMl'BAOTS
.nM^^" """'%''""«■' ""• <"■ "ore parti., i, u.u.Ily called
lCt^T'*f ""'""' ''"*"""^ "»'" '" «i"P"cat, on one
Ih oC """ "" "*" ""'=■"''' •" " "> « '■"»
or^!n!r'.'""'^ '° °""* •"""""» «*» «■'«" "«" <="' "mooth
or polled. 1. a deed made by one parly only. The promisee
doe. no, execute the deed, but 1. IdentHed by name or de. g!
expressed ' "" "^ "='""'"""'" """ ■>""«"" «"'"'■'
Contr«t «f Record. A "record" 1. . memorial or entry
of the acts or proceeding, of a court of record. The enrol-
tute the record. A record Is conclusive of It. contents and
adml, no averment or proof to the contrary. The "Judg-
ment m an action, when flnal. 1. entered upon the roll of
the court containing the record of the action. After the com-
mencement of an action the parties may come to an agree-
ment as to the entry of a Judgment. A Judgment for pay-
ment of a certain sum of money may he treated as a distinct
debt or Claim on which a new action may be brought. The
judgment of a court of record merges or extinguishes the
cans- of action, on which it wa. founded, and the Judgment
. a bar to the original cau.e of action. The cau.e of aTtlon
Is changed into a matter of record, which I. of a higher
na ure. and the inferior remedy Is merged In the higher
Airreement, Made la Writing. By the statute law wme
contract, are required to be made In writing. The "Statute
of Fraud, i. the most Important of tho.e which require
a written contract. That .tatute. which was passed in the
reign of Charles the Second, contain, a number of provisions
Which make it essential that at least Sve classes of contracts
shall be In writing and signed by the parties. They are (1)
A special promise to answer for the deM, defanlt or miscar-
riage of .Dotlier The promise must be made to the person
to whom another Is answerable, and It must be a promise to
answer for a debt of. or a default In. some duty by that other
person towards the promisee. This provision applies to such
CONTRACTS
oa». u Where a man promlae. to be an.werable top the Bate
uiinj, delivery, and return of a hor»e borrowed by another
Or a promlae to Indemnity another from the con.equences of
becoming ball for a third person In a civil action. (2) Any
eontract lor the 8.1. ,f Und, or tenement,, or any InteresV
In or concerning them. This refer, to agreements not oper-
ating as an Immediate transfer or conveyance of land such
a. a contract to execute a grant, transfer, or conveyance at
some subsequent period. But If there has been a " part per-
formance " of an unwritten agreem3nt. such as to place the
parties In a different position from that in which they would
have been If there had been no contract, the contract may be
enforced. For example, where a verbal contract is made for
the sale of land, and the purchaser has taken possession,
the court will compel him to carry out the contract not-
withstanding that there Is no written agreement The
statute Includes contracts for the sale of any "Interest"
in lands or tenements. Certain leasehold agreements,
agreements to make alteraUons and repairs In build-
ings, and agreements for the sale of growing timber
and underwood, are required to be In writing and signed
(3) Any agreement which Is not to be performed within a
year from (he making therml. This extends to all contracts
which are not. by the terms of them, to be fully and com-
pletely executed within a year. A part performance of such
a contract will not make it binding. For examp'e, a per-
son who verbally agrees to take a literary work puoilsoed In
numbers, which was not Intended to be completed In a year
and who has taken several of the numbers, cannot be held
liable upon the contract as to the remainder. A verbal con-
tract for a year's service, to commence on a future day Is
not binding. A verbal contract not to carry on the
same kind of business within Ave miles Is not binding
(4) Any promise by an executor or an administrator
to render his own estate liable for damages. The pro-
mise of an executor or an administrator to pay a debt of the
testator or Intestate Is a mere nudum-pactum and does not
Impose any personal liability, unless there Is some considera-
tion for the promise. (5) Any agreement made In considera-
tion of marriage. For example, if a father promises A that
77
OONTtliCTS
writing All proralae. Md agreement, made by one per.0B
in conaideratlon of the completion of a marriage by aSot^e?
mu.t be in writing. A promise by a hu.band beforT ™r-
rlage that be will make «,me provl.lon for hlB wife in hi.
will cannot be enforced if not made In writing. In addition
^o the above there i. al.o a provl.lon in the Statute ofZud"
With regard to the .ale of good., which .ay., -No conlmrt
«»r the .,le ,| ,„ g„„a,, „ merchwdl.e. lor the
?h.» b. in "Tl' '.'"""» <'" •" •^"•"" SU "L W
part of the good. .0 .old and actually receive the .ame or
give .omething in earne.t to bind the bargain. orT par
of the bargiUD b« made and signed by the par.ie. " bf
Thi.'l M """"*'"" *"'"""' ■awfully authorL"
sale of good, not manufactured. To remedy thi.. a .tatute
wa. .uh.eQuen.ly pa.eed. which made the provl ionlppu
deliver.". T '",*""' """' "" «"■"" ""« '■"-"«« to "e
delivered at .ome future time, or were not at the time of the
contract actually provided or at for delivery. Of "our.e If
II J7 "" '"""''' "' "" ""■» •" «'«• "re 1. an
iav h! °Jr'""'T "■""" ™ "" "»■•' »' ">' ""<=•>«»" to
pay the price, or the value. If no price I, .peciBed. which can
be a for^ ■ ";""■■ """ ""'"-"'»'>"■" '» -«"-« need not
contract can be aacertalned from the written propcal A
ter may be Interpreted by the aid of other letter.. But
.i.. name, of the parties and the term, of the contract mu.t
appear from the writing or writings.
Illegal r.ntracts. An agreement may involve some matter
or purpose which i. illegal, and which render. It void The
burden of e.tabli.hing illegality rests upon the party assert!
h. n, t T""'*'" "'^'' *■* ""^al at common law, or it may
include such agreements as are contrary to •■public policy"
and moramy. Public policy requires that a contract to Z-
^rL kT'.'"' ^'^ " "'^^'^ '° «"other to commit a
crime, shall be necessarily void. The court, have carried
78
CONTHACTS
thl. prlnolpl, .till farther, by holding that contract, to com-
T,ZLT , "*" " "■ *'"* °""'"' " """-i '" «■"""«■•
to commit an Immoral act, or to do .omethlng agaln.t the
ffT^h r !'k°' """'*""'■ """" •■' ""'■ ^ "O""" '• void
If prohibited by .tatute, though the .tatute Inflict, a penalty
^rlhlh^'.r" ''"°"'°'' """* """"'" "" «""«« ■"»«"» to
prohibit the commlulon of the act
to interfere with, or to unduly Influence, the legi.lature, or
he government. 1. Illegal and void. For example, a prornLe
to a member of the legi.lature In con.lderatlon of hi. giving
or withholding hi. vote upon a bill before Parliament Any
agreement Involving bribery, or undue Influence, at the elec-
tton of a member of Parliament, or at any election for muni-
cipal office. 1. Illegal and void. An agreement to create a
monopoly ■ l. agaln.t public policy, and therefore void
A contract to pay a man for burning a building, or a contract
to pay for printing a libellou. book. Is void
A|n«ement8 in Beslniint of Trade. In contract, for the
formation or dl..olutlon of a partnerahlp, or for the employ-
ment of an agent or .ervant In a particular trade or bu.lne...
or for the .ale of the " good will " of a bualne... .tipulatlon.
are frequently made . ^training a party from trading or
doing buelne.. within certain limit.. In .o far a. .uch
re.trlctlon. are neccary for protecting the Interest of the
person purchaalng, they will be upheld and enforced. But
an agreement "In re.traint of trade" I. bad If - unreason-
•we ; It may be made reaeonable by limitations of time or
.pace. The question of " rea.onablene.s " is a question of
law. The court must construe the provisions of the agree-
ment and d .ermine whether It Is reasonable or unreason-
able If an agreement In restraint of trade Is limited In
point of "time," It Is not necessarily bad If unlimited In
space, and a restraint which Is limited as to space may
be unlimited as to the time of Its continuance
Told and Toldable Contracts. A contract which Is "void"
has no legal effect, and binds neither party. A contract
which one of the parties may set aside under certain condi-
tion. 1. "voidable" only, but unlegs and until set aside It 1.
binding on both parties. A party may acquiesce In a void-
79
CONTBJICTS
dltlnctlon between the term. •• void " „d " voidable " In th.fr
.ppllcntlon to contrncu 1. often one of ,re.? p™t.l.Mm
mprleon another, an agreement to Indemnify a ebe'ltt from
the pecuniary con.equence. of permitting . prCe .o
?:r?n^anrt:crr.'::;err" .r "^ - ■'"•°"
rn,e voidable^ .bat le. .be .0^.™',';;; r^e "o "beTund
by the contract. But after coming of aae h<, ^i.,., T
validity to the contract by a new promiror by anj oth"
ratlflcatlon A contract made by an Infant (a peraon unSer
1 lZll'!,T ''"'"'"°"" '° """• '■ ab-olutely void By
■mo byln nfatr'thr"" "' '"*' "" "■"™«" ™'"^
l.m „,"■"" "" '"« "payment of Lioney lent or to be
«t. for'nr" ■r"""' " '" •" ••"■■""O-ther than co^
tr«.t. for neceawrlee-are declared to be absolutely void
made after fuTaaT'-'"""^ ■"'"""=^' "' »^ ""«»«»
cannot be enforcr' " """ """"■"' ■"""» ""'»« ""»«^.
Under the Ontario Insurance Act, a minor who 1, 15 years
:^e:r^:^Lr:::^rj;^crrr"fH
prem.um notes given by such minor will he Ut^d , J
mrr.nf::;.sl\' "" ^--"'»« apprerLs^n^'lnrr
wift fhl^r^ ^ "' ■"■" "" "«^ ■" '« y^"'. and not living
Of no validity, u Is -fflclrnf'lf" he pa Hs ,nc:r e'o?
underatandlng the contract when It. purport 1, «Xned
80
'l
1
OONTBACTS.
yar, after the Muse of .ctiri^ comoenoed within .ii
«. action upon .^nd or ^thi, . ■** " *""»' ™'«
con.n,encedT. .'nru»,"w 4'" r,'™! Terr' """ "'
contract ° •**"" '° """ '"» • ""•O of the
or other deflnlte time Ind leave, b^for.,,."'' T "^ °"""'"-
reasonable cause, he'loee. rrt^X Zr,„°' "' ""1°""
be has served. But If h» i. a,.J, ^ * '" ""« "'^od
recover for the whole term Jt »"^ r"'"""' "="" "« '=»■'
ba. been able to «,„ iT^^ ' e-'Piratlon-Iee, what he
dut. to .eeJ'ottr"emZ«en^^7i '.' T'""'^= " '" -"
of damages. It is no „,ii^. . ' "'"''" '"« """ount
contract that be was nut u^ "T' '" '"'«■■'"»■'■>« one's
time the contract wa^r 7* ""' "-''-"P'ated at the
speclflcklndof worrhutTh.^ "■ "'" "'°"*"'=' »"» '"
laboring during The sUnuL^ef "."""-"^ "^ ='"*"«" "o"
services .8 m!ch as h^r.. ,"""*■ "' """' '"™''™'- '<"• •"«
be labore" though tter' . '" ""^ '""•"'• ""• «■« ""o
eo. Mough there are some excepUons to this rule
unferTe^em o^S " T'™" °"""'* "^ ««'»"«'.
81
CONTBACTS
f««e against the DirfffATu'"""'™' °"'' «•«" "f de-
amount^of he debt wi h Vh, ''.'■^'"': """"'' ''"'"■• ">« full
accrued. "" "" '"'"*"' """i ''™'» which have
of"a°^';T7'haf Z'^e™'' °' '"" -"P*'""*? the measure
which tCZ ghes a :„°e"drZ,''°' ''?'' T"""^' '"'
n.e„.„rate with'the'i;:^;;":'^^!!::!™'"'^ """ "' ™"-
i HOW A OOKTBAOT SHOULD BE WBITTEH
thf"e"„',r„etr'ti!!'„!r?ei"de"JI'"^ " '"■"'"""' "»'
The contract should be writ"en in nlaln , ,"""""' '"™"''-
suage, and the law does no ," generTreoui™ t";'™",' '"-
tract drawn up with technical precWon!^ '°™'" "™-
or*^„l^rrn"d"g"r""" """•" """ "-""'-<-ye«
thaT^.^H",T' *'"'""' "• "*"•"• "■«' »"> 'honld be taken
that the date be not a Sunday. Holidays are on a different
ba ,s from Sunday. It is said that a holiday is a pr viZ
ite^'^or^^.-iL^ri^-r"^^^^^
Ji will uatea on Sunday is not invalid
indicatethattheybadbeen»aLt:rbrntrZToJr
-iny Material Altaratlon in the contract after it is sieved, if
CONTRACTS
■entativM. Such reDrM«n(..iv.l """"f" but hit legal repre-
o«trnT„.t?ea^trJnrhe;*;:c^';i^^
together co„e,i,ute the written comrtt If JlV^I" '"""
■. «nt and fllled it i, , written oor.;t ", ZlfVy, "' !"^*
eoncerned, but not a. to the other nartv A . , ' ""'"'■
•ame way may be a written contract ^' """ '" ""
Agreement, (General Form)
"t i^fvnerai rorm)
Sai*atcl,ewan. party of the one mrt Th .°, "'°* *"" "'"I"™ »'
"' Roglna. 1„ «,e county of rLC ' nrt ,'''' ''""^ °' "■« village
party of the other part. ' ""'' P™""';" of KaUiatehewan,
WkercM [(n.er( rertlol. If „,,].
(a.rzz'rZrr f:r"rho's;"r,i'" 'jh-i-"-"- »'
'^'-''\zz,eTt,T>r.zz'°r'"'- •""■"'«» '- ...»
»') (one, dollar now pad by™eST,"°" °' '"■» ■"■»""«• »"d
other Of them "Tedtlvrly they ^e „a., >,''°""" "•""' '» "■«
heir and each of tholr hel . exVmorrarf JT'.°' '"' '^-^^Ive.,
by respectively covenant aM Sr'"^^^7^ admlnHtrators, do here-
oxecator., adn,l„,.,r„,o„ and°f, ^^''^''^C" °' """"• ■■" "'"•■
That t»er« („.„„ ;,„r.,a.ter. „, „,„c,„e„„.
hand" ran'rUalT*"""'' "■" "'" P»"'" ^.-e hereunto
their
RicHABD BarsoN.
7 83
Wm. gilu
aABBr Clai.
CONTIMCTS
■irumcntB under ceal. '' '*"• dollar— «v#n Ji, ,^.
An. .„ coi" , : '° :'„rj-" " ■"" o.np.o;„;;„,V ' ' ■""
Oanl. .„d .=.,7 '"'' "" ■»"'" ""''o i.ave here„„,„ .,, „.,,
84
tl<
CONTI1ACT8
dolliirn iinyabi, „ ,„,., _
.no. h,.,o„,, „he ,„"::;■ .,^;;'„7'" »' -oll-r. on ,h. .,.
"1.1. inter,.., on ,h, mo^g.^.^"^ "'''"' ""■»'.■,..„.. on „.c. l,.n„.
•«;r.l..„ ,.„.r ,„„. ,„„„„,. ."„,„„",, ^"'° " ■""" "' -l'' •■■ 1-
'"-• ..... «„y other .p„.,„, „„„,X„". ; d.,y. „„„,.„.
--Jrrrr,rx;:.:;r:;: - r- •;'■'■••• °' -■
Tlia n.._ L limi oj tnu pur<'hilM>r
.™..n.,e.. „„. .h.„;"L t ,t d To r"""" "'■'•^'"■' "■ -l'"n«
;;'™P.unoe. „„„ „„„ p„y ",^" '<■ ^° «!' rent, from th- aato „r
Tho vendor ,|,all „„, be lK,u„d ,„ „_,.
•■-Pt .ueh ... are ,„ hla ,„.^.„,^"'" """' """'"-» "' title e.-
The puri-hafler to Hei.n.h * .».
Lave tirtcen ,l„y. ,rom Z Zl , "' '"" °*" •"»"«■• ""- •■>
-l-ll b.. .l..e„„„ ,„ have .:,;,!'/ „";',7'»""- '» -'""""C II. „„„
oLJeetlon. n,„„.. „„l,l„ that tZ^ f ' ''"^ ?,'"'" "" '° "">• «rl..en
>l.at tl.„. ,h. vendor ,hu„ hLT-^ a Jll m* " "" """"• ""l-l"
"u. ir he he anahle or unwliur,: dj^"""-' '""» '» '«"."ve „,
any Intermediate eorre.pond.nfe elncer .h '^ "°'*''"""'"'l"n«
con:;:t:'::';,:,:::rrr;^rirv^ -'- -—•
!»• .trlctly „. the e.«noe hereof °" "°'''' ""'' """' "hall
...i.'"twrre;rdL?'„7Ma;..h,'';;,2"'''"'° ■" "" "■"•' "■"■■ »ai.
Witnbm: PiUL M.Douoal
Fix.rD Jones.
ACCEPTANCE OF OFFER
ther'eor"" ^"'"■' "■« "— -"• «"■. «»ree to fa,,,, ,„e tern..
'-''■"'"" 'Z':!-^^-.'::r" - ™ '■-' <- -,
WlTNKBB;
MOMIMOSY NOTM
PROMISSORY NOTES AND BILLS
OF EXCHANGE
Mm.. . .u» crui,, ,n ml.' to or J'^. ? '* """"
Bed p«r«n, or to b..rer " * ""'" "'• » "»<"-
honour, in n> f,r .. ,h.„ •■». Prot«i. and notice of dli-
P.P.r. .r ." »a t,r.: r d"'n'"r/"' """""'
>n»y render it void .. , „ote .hh„,, h . '"">">ient, it
«d .cted upon. be",Ud ,..„*!;■"• ' ''■^'- *""'' «"■"•*
an ..reeuent " weement or .. .,id.nc, of
(2) The writing mu.i contain a "onmb
nr- An l.o U. oontalmn. . .. . •'"■"• eniaging to
note. For .xampTe 1" o n "IZ '° '"'• " » P™«>li.ory
<n.Un.." .IgneTa^d de'll^e^.dTa. Ild'to"':' "" "", '""'
note. But a writln. In ih. . .:„ ' " Promliaory
aemand.. ,. „:t"l'r:'.'.:r;"no;e °-"' '" ^'^ "" ••»«• »■'
»yZr;:rTo rt'^e:: v,':::^ "■" "■"■• ■» ••-"-
A. oB undertaking opayc a tilr " ""■'""* »'"•■ '»'
"Po» « . pron,l.fo ? no^e aurgh rmaTh"""' "' ""•'
d.»c. Of a contract ,o pay in'o'nt to c. ' "' -"" '= "'"
(4) It muit be "signed by Me Baker" ti.. .
any party may be made by a du!y a^WiJ "'""" "'
authority of the aaent m.v k '""'°"»"'' »K™'. and the
ca.e.. Each atno'? .r'^.g/ntr^r','' " '" '" •"""
^r.,nr":e'^.ig^Tur~"- — ^
"««. A not, mu,t not be expree.ed to be payable on "
I'llUUIBKOHV NOTKM
"■"•m. . ..>. upon th. "flllt . „, """"■»•" "o.. not
• P.rf«. ln.,run..nt ^hTlZt^ IT'"""- " "•"•' ^'
*" 'niMrntiv.. o«i.v.r«i or luued. and ii nn,«
Th";o!;.:r„-i «r n-oTr™:: "" "«••• >• —».-
«.. d.«au,on' A ,°:jzz'yZ:rr "■"^'"°''"".
A prooUe to p./ ■• ,„ e„h „r hv ' Particular r„„d."
WWbl. In chlc.,0 In Am^L ""'" '""" '» C«n,d.
r ""f muBt b. P.»b.°to . ""clflr;"""" " "^- T""
- not. any b. dmwn p.,,b,- '''°''"'"' '"•"^ or to b<..rer."
■ ,-"'""-' »y wn. I. C™ , ^.* r'","' "'""• *"»" "
»" not until It I. „ end, Md '*"'"° *» '«•"•'•.
.a?C' l!l'Zn,°T. 'ZlT ""'"^ »' ""-'"ory „o,„
;«..™m.nt I. on.X "a 'X iTT"'' ^ ■"""«'•'"'
" l» l-nwble to bearer or hv !""""'''^<« bv delivery, If
'' 1. made p,y,b|, ,„ order Tr.?"f"""" ""' '"""">'. "
I'M or n,oney repreaen od by » „r"e .T'"' """ ""' "">
O" P.r«,n to «.other. The maklr ^r " '""""""l f™m
•' •bin ,n„,.. ,i„ he win p.; ° l""':, "' "" »««P'"
«» '■ tbe principal debtor bU """"""k 'o It. tenor
' *•" be paid .ccordlnrtolt. ..r "" '"™»" """
Ulahonoured be win ^„ "'°'"'' '"^ 'hat If i, i.
«<..entendor«r:b'oirorp";:,r '""■'" " "^ ""
Prxeedlnga on dlahonourTo i!^;° ^ "' " ""' '•'">"'■"«
™« denying tbe genulnene,. and re^.f"; "' '" '""""'
•l«n.ture, and be i. p„„,„" f"!"*"'"'"' "' ">o maker'.
«dor.eo or bon.-Me hold"r1ba,7he hln " '" " ""»■""""'
time Of bl, endoraement a vlud ind I" """' -" " '"«
"M tbat be had tben a IZtT, '?""""■* '""rument,
»«y relieve blm.elf from oeL ? ,° "■ ""' "" ^dor.er
""da, "wltbout reooure,C "f'T "^ "'"""^ «■«
meaning, after hia a,g„atu e w^h ?b ""* """' "°'""
no ea p^^.h,, ^„ " demand," tbeTdo n^^ k"""'™ ■" "'"= <>'
-ed-.a,.ed -..„ ./^^.'^ rrar„ej''rn '^ el^'
PliOMISSOBY NOTES
except where the bill or note is payable on demand When
fir ,rrr s; =;.r.sr..". ziB
EfH €"•■■'"'■■-"="»' —^^^^^
a bin 0 "n:,"""."""''' """ "^^ "» "P"f»W.- Wh;>r
be p ell?,'' "■'''' """"""^ " " """'-'" «"■"=«. " -us.
oe presea ert for payment at that place, but If no place of
payment la specllled, "prewatment lor p.jmen?- Is no
necessary In ord.r to hold the maker liable; and a Present
men at the place mentioned in the note, or ?fno place be
mentioned a presentment to the maker for payment Is suffl
c ent m all cases to hold the endorsers liable When a place'
a Zr"^ " r""""' "^ — a-Oun. only pre^entme
at that Place Is sufflclent. An endorser becomes Habie to
every subsequent holder to the same extent ar he mlker
b? "s^teTfoT"" ™ ''™'""' "■'" "»- endorsed irmus.
the makT„: ''???' ""'"° " " "-'""^^^^ "■»»," after
ine mak nr of the Instrument. In determining what Is a
reasonable ..me. regard must be had to the nat,rre"f the
n r„n,ent, the usage of trade, and the facts o. he par
rel"te7:i.h,'n'' "'" " ■""'• ""^'""^ "- —a ls'n"t
presented within a reasonable time, the endorsers if »nv
tne assent of the endorser or endorsers, as a "oollaleral or
IITJZ TTIZ " """!,"■" -' -"--"■' '"' - -"'
o long as It is held as such security. When a promissory
by the^horrT '""' '' ""' ■"""• " "-"^ "^ "lo^eZ'
of the nn° ■■ '"'»-P''y>"ent. and notice of protest or
test „r, ''"""' '"'"' "■"" "«' »<" "'""■ ^"y Pro-
est). must oe sent to each endorser. But In order to render
the acceptor of a bill or the maker of a note liable It Is no
w hl'7 '°/?'™' "■ * "'" - -'- "^a™ and payable
sary to n™, ,' ""'? "" "'"'""'' «"'" " '» "ot neees-
Quebec A 'r t ? ,"""' """ ^«^'>' '" ">« P"-"-'"" of
Quebec. A protest of any bill or note within Canada, and
8Gb
I'HOmssOBY NOTES
Benutlon and dlehonour and al«o „f , ""^ °' ""-
notice or that the note haanot J """ ■'"<'"'«'
Of non-payment (ca^ed Not ,e „f Di " T"' ""■" """«
or delivei-ed not later thThv I ^^'\°'"'"'> "■■'«' »« -ailed
■iaj' When the bin or note he ° °i "' ''" """"""« "■«
(Section 97), " No Ice o" dLnT"". "'"'• """^ «="«» "y,.
e»ectual. muat be Xn „„ Zr";; T" '° "^ ^''^ "■«'
ne« day next followZ the ^f.. ""' ^'"■'"""«' ■"• '"'»'■
be given by or on behalf of the 7m "' """''■" " """
"io la liable to the holier e^c '"' " "' '" ™'"'""-
"inj/:urr:f;ei:r,;/ - - «- penod
grace are allowed In »,/.,. Payment. Days of
or after alght 1 . "b draft , IT" " """ "^''»'>'» «
bill of Exchange) or. , . ' '°'' " '"""'■ ' "a^s '"r a
March, la d'.:"™ t Tr^of rcrr^" - '-^ ■" <"
»lgbt." presented for payment u T ""'^ ''°^^'"'' " "'
presentation. A bll or Z . °'' "■" "'"■<' ""^ «""
-.gbt," ,s due and payable :L thTatrdT"" '" ""^^ ■•""-
Every bll, or note Lde paylwe afa 'mb '" -™'"'"-'-
date, becomes due nn ,Z ' °'" ""onths. after
'n Which I, is made n.!.,'""" """"■""' ''^'' ">' '"e month
unless there s no uZ; " "" """ ^ *■■'* " '^ "ated.
payable tbcb case u'! ■"™"' '" "•"^" " " ■"»""
tbat month, .t^ Z' ^^ZH: ^ Z^^:'^^' "l
Whether thet"; r'L: .t/: ^ ^^ °' «"- following.
Joint Notes, a promissory note may he m,^ k
86e
PHOMISSOBY NOTBa
aCor or „^\„"'««-»'"'«"»-" n.ak.r „r a note, Z
due after the expiration o,,r T"' " ""' " "-'» '" o^"-
-.'sr- rrs : r,,r ,r.r." «■• "- ~
the-maker-ota w. ,? \ ' "*""' poaltlon as
^o Due
(The words " Value received '
8Gd
are not essential.)
PROMTSSOBY NOTES.
Ill Ca»e ol Fraud, Theft or Robberi If th. i» .
never been given force l,v tiV. , '""fument had
was no. guilty of neg.lgeLe th "" '"'""-^ »■"■ "»
<- -ch case the notetou.a n'e er tav^e^had'"' '"', """'"^^
enco. But the nllghteat ne»lle„r *"'' ''«»' e'"''"
"-r .nstanoe, If .hf raler'.^ T ^r" te" '"' T" '""""■
tains It In his possession, no matter how """"l""'"'' " «-
rardlng to so. authorities n^„ securely, he Is, ac-
'" eood faith, or as he is In 'T'"' ""W" '« a holder
I'older, although It was „ll.» ■??'*■ '"'"'^''' » •»"« «<!»
thof, or robbery. "^ """ '" ''""'at'on through fraud.
With the amount left Wank .hf "„"'"'««'' and delivered
't will bo bound o a iona M l",." "'"' ''«" -• <"""'■■'"'
may be filled In " """ "'■"'" '■"• "■■>' amount that
anoth:r?oi,rsr: z 'n^-r, « r- "'- -
holder though the other fli'l,i„" uT '" " "''"'' «'"'
than agreed. But If a oerson .? '™'^ ^"f"™' "o'"
paper without an"; int^fC ™ Cng 1%^ " T ■> ""'"'<
other obtains It and writes a nnL f ^ °"'' """ """
"Ot be binding even In ttUdr^f r^o^ fn ZdM"'"
.>ors':d"r„o"eM"'',';re'^,^;',-'' ~ -"'> •>-" -
satisfaction can be ecllea ^o?","?"'' ' """ ""'^ ™«
^:^t\^;^oSr -'--:=::
be';"tera:r;Ze''nt'dem"' H""""'""" '"^ ""'^ «-'
day It becomes due *°'"''' ■" "■« "aker on the
nourtrthrt:: t: ;trd ;:r ^'"'""■™' -^ "
-t refused. When a notel"„rd:,r;i7or;Lrtatrn;
87
h
PEOMISSOBY NOTES
Hi. said to be "dishonored" and is taken to a nolarj- pub-
he who again presenta it, if not paid, he notes its non-pay-
ment, and afterwards draws out a formal protest, that legal
proeeeding^ may be taken for recovering the nmoint due
Protest IS unnecessary, the certificate of the notary being
merely prima facie evidence of dishonor. Notice of dis
honor, however, should be given all the endorsers. The
rules as to notice vary in different states.
Notice of Prote«t.-Tho holder of a note may give notice
of protest either to all the previous indoors or^^y to one
and the last mnst give notice to the last before hira, and so
Where notice of protest is didy addressed and deposited
m the post office the sender is deemed to have given due
notice notwithstanding any miscarriage in the mails If no
notice be siven the indorsers are discharged.
Demand and Payment-Notes payable on demand must
he presented for payment within a reasonable time, in order
to hold indorsers.
Where Days of Qrwie are Allowed by statute on notes,
thej are not considered due until the expiration of the days
Thn r?'.. % "°" '' P™^™'««1 and payment demanded on
the Inst day of grace, and payment refused, the maker is in
default, and notice of dishonor may forthwith be given to
the indorser. Three days ol grace are allowed in Canada on
a I notes not payable on demand. In Newfoundland no days
of grace are allowed on sight drafts.
A Wote Hade Payable at a Bank and held there for pay-
nient until the usual hour for closing, need not be presented
to the maker in person to bind the indorser. It may be pro-
tested, as in the case of drafts, immediatelv on the close of
b.nnk hours. Payment must be immediately demanded of the
indorser it he reside, i„ the same place; if he is a non-resi-
dent he must he notified at once by letter. The notice of
dishonor m.iy be sent by a notary.
Presentment Not Necessary to Render Maker Liable.—
resentment for payment is not required in order to charge
the maker of a note.
Sundays and HoUdays.-When the day of maturity falls
rSOMISSORY NOTIB
"P"n Sutulav or a legal holiday IIm! nole is payable ,m the
next «uMee,liMs business day if no days of grace are allowed.
Hut m cose days of grace are allowed and the last day of
grace falls on Snnday or a holiday, the note is payable on
lue next preceding day.
H«e of D.mand.-Where place of payment is specified in
a note demand should be duly made at that place.
By Whom Domand Hay Bo Mado.-The holder nf a note
or any one acting tor him may make the demand for pay-
men a,„ send notice of dishonor to the indorsers. Usunllv
the l,ol, r or his agent notlHes all the parties on the not^.
This is the most business-like, as well as the most prudent
way, as renders all parties responsible to him, and each
responsible to each other in their order.
Extending Time of Payment by the holder releases the in-
dorsers of he note, unless consent to such extension has been
given by the indorsers.
which has been lost, he may by law be compelled to pay it,
but It would be necessary for the party colleclin- it to '.-ive
bond to protect the maker from all further claims on^ac-
coiint of the lost paper. An innocent hoMcr fo, valu° may
collect on a lost note if pureliased by him without knowl-
edge of the loss.
Proof Re,nired.-It is neccs.sary to prove that the note
h.is been given by a certain parly or parties. If the de-
fendant claims that the „olc has been pai.l the bur.len nf
proof is on him to prove thai. The production of tl,,. nolr
oy tlie plaintiff gives rise to the presumption that it has n..t
been paid.
Tie Finder of a Note, as of all other properfv, mnst make
leasonable efforts to find the owner, before l,e i, entitled to
appropriate it for his own purposes. If the finder ciiii<eil
It. he is liable to the charge of larceny or tliefl.
A Note Destroyed by Fire can be rollecte.l l,v i.-. ,f
loss. ■ '
Interest.-A note which does not state on H« t
bears interesi, will bear interest only from mat. ,
89
PKOmsSORT NOTES
If the Word. "With IntPre.t" ,re Inclnd«l In . !,„u, |t
draw, the legal rate of lnt..,eat from the date of making It
i*g»I. but not higher than the statute of the Province al
Iowa, the rate of Interest must be specifled.
n.f^l'^"' '. """"■■•— A"" 'he death of a holder of a
tl„r?hr ■"'*.'" "' ^''"°" •="?"«•— The "tatuto Of Ilmlta-
■1™!^ r°" °,V"r' '" "'"' y™" f™" ™"t"ritv or l.,t
inTx yea^ '" '" """"' '''■°"""'" '">'' Newfo,,n,1la,„l
DIFPEHEXT FORMg OP NOTES
Form Of Non-negotiable Not*
' Thh-lv rt-v. „ ... '''"'■"■nlln. Nfld.. Marrh 24. 1912.
areJ^li'lIar'^vZ^e^;;!"™""'' "• '"' ""'" ^°-' °- "-
John Dodson.
Negotiable Without Indomement
Slifv ,i„,. .. J, Clwstprvllle, Ont.. Jnn. 2. I!li2
Grant Whitb.
Negotiable by Indorsement
xTi . ^ Poultney. N. B., Mar 31 1915
ae. r •j.s^r;;;,^^ ir-r ^r- •^"- -■- " -
Richard Mill-s.
Payable at Bank
wHh inter™, „, six ' pef "ce«°'pe? anTum ' ''"' """''"'' °'"'"''
Charles Johnson.
On Demand
"* An ,io™« ^ , ■ Kincardine, Ont., January 2, 1912.
Bdwird Jaubs.
90
PBOUI880RT NOTES
Acconmiodatlaii Note
„!,!!!,■ ■f'7''" """'" "' "' ""'""nodatlon note (one for
or lu Z .T"" "" r"'*""'""' '"^"" '<"" "'» name
to thfn a-'Mramdatlon of the holder) I, „„i bound
M. . M °" """■""'oOated, but I, bound to ,11 other bona
ade holders, precisely as If there was a good con.lderatlVn ]
1100.00 _
Credit the drawer,
Almh Wilson. °""» ^•»t«s-
To One's Own Order.
Marion Aoamb.
By Married Woman
9200.00
K-n- 1 , Brampton. Out., Nov » iqi-j
ment of this note. "»";'iy anu tstdto with the puy-
(Mr>.) Makt H. Jones.
By Person who Cannot Write
a>w,N M„™.s, Wltnesa Lo„,a x' b.hs,h.
mark.
Payable In Merchandise
1100.00 „,
Pnr.,-,1 . . Blnacarth, Man.. May 3 iqi2
For value received, 1 promise to nav nam^i w . 7
"Uhdrea Do„a., .„ n,ercha„tah,e'°wZ.,''r.l^errr;nTp°Hcr °"°
jAaPKB Notes.
Note to be Secured by Mortgage
91
T
PROHISSOST NOTXg
■>.» deb. u^urTh. "„'„': :T:,uZT':; ■»"«"' »' ■'•i- «» . '
<">' ""..■, und all neo^rj oTZw. T^TT" '" "" "">-""-' •■'
«.p„„,lbl, for .„j, ,ie„,|oncy ""■ "°''""« "»"«•"
MAHTIN PlBLD.
Iiucallment Note
tlon.no
On the flrat djiv nf » i Montreal, June 10 igi"
iimrte on llic lotli ,luy „, ,„,„ ' "™1 "' ■urli piyment. to be
;;.e event or a „efa,„t I.ZllT.^T^f.^T"'' ""'" ■»'"■ "■
>ln,e mentioned, the whole amoont ,?r .M " "" "'""'"f at the
payable fortlmllli. """ount e; thia note .hall beeome due and
William Joiimhon.
Xote.-*
I. treated „e „ separate note .,?,dhr „ V ■;'"■• ■""" l"««llmenl
any Installment of Interei 1 „ „i ' '" '""" ""■ l"dor.er for
ln..allment fall. „„e an a notl" « Ti" "" "'""'"^ ""^ "..
Xee )l c. L.. T. S6. ' '""'">nor given >ucl, lndor.er.
•foiat Note
ti'on.oo
Two month, after date we nrom?.""^''- °"'- "'"'"■ "■ I"-',
-rt «loan TWO „u„,red r-oTl^rr"!:' ree^r/ed'." "" """^ "' ^
Jacob Scott.
James Atkink.
■lolnt-nnd-Srveral Note
1500. on
. Sl« months after date for val„e'r„"".' *'!1' °"' ' """^ '■ "l^'
•nr promise to p.y Hlr.m ZvmTZ ''™'«'': "« ><"M>y and eewr-
Kh. Ilandred DolLrs. w7th Cert. ' "■" ''"°'' "" "°°"™'-
Richard Mark,
James Hackett.
92
IKOOIUEliXNn
""^■■■"■iTi OF mm
nl
BTjr to «,. (urthar negotiation of the in.trument (8^ For^T)
AQuUfltd iDdommoit conrtitutes tlie indoner a met.
M-lgnor of the title to the imrtrument. It mar te ^a h,^7
ingto the indoor', rignatu™ the word. ™ Hhort^'^"^:
fXs.,^ '"'*°""'"' '''»~*'' °' *"» '-trument (l:!
tion. AjBrty Mquired to pay the instrument may di,rei.ard
™2; , r ""* ~"'""""' *■"" l^" '">fl««l <" »ot. But™ny
perwn to whom an instrument so indorsed is negotiated wm
Md thesame, or the proceeds thereof, subject to ?herightrof
the pen»n indorsing conditionaliy. (See Form 4.)
..mi^^'T* ^"•«»"' expressly conflnes the payment to
some partiouUr person or purpose. (See Form 5.) '"™"^ ■"
.m^'^'!!?"''"^'"'' "o™'' '» '«»'''«' O" a note the
s^ntre-^r'<rrm^ar '*^'""' '''^'<-' - '"
04
J
uoosaEMivn
Form &
'irtUl P*jiiMDt IndorHmat
Form s
An Order in a written request or direction for the pay-
ment of money or ilelivery ,.f goods to a person therein
named, the same to be charged to the person mailing the
request. *
Orders for the paj-ment of money are negotiable if made
payable to order or to bearer, but the person on whom they
are drawn is not under obligation to pay them, unless they
have been accepted, for an order partakes of the nature of ■
draft.
ORDIRg AND DUB nuA
FOHMM or OHORRH
tor Momet
M" RlriKu F~.. „, "'lliw. H.i.k., Uarrh 10 tgi2
TtfoMAK Fii.r..
• to. oa *""' •'^' •" *■•'"' "' ^■•^'" >»-.o.„
, «'■••«.. nno»,„„. K,N„ « r„ .*'°";'°"' 'J- ■>• April 1. 1,,..
"•:-~u« II. Thojh,,
For Ooodi HtoKd
Me..„. 8MIT.., J„„., * c„ Vancouver B c. So,,,. ,. ,!,,..
''""••• '^I'PIt". •loriKl by mo In yc.ur w.ir .
DUE BILLS
t::rv ^'■™- ""■-;:, r^rr^ "-
lerable, and drav-i nn i«f— * . "'-'■ iians-
a aravi no Intereat unleaa .pmibm therein.
t^MIS Of DIE |„,,,j^
• 60.00 '*"*''"' '" ■■""""'^
o-e w,„u.„ M.„y. „„ .„.„„/!--«; J^.^; ^Hl^/;--;,,,
John Knox.
• ■0000 ^"""' '" •■"<"-••«-<"-
WILL1A.M JOHNHO.V
RECEIPTS
al property (money or gooda or h„,h', ,. ^ *'° '"'"°"-
Aco.p.«e„^.,:j--:i,:::nra:atrr;
97
!'tl
RCCE1PT8
That a payment has been received; the date of the pay-
ment; the amount or article received; from whom received,
and If for another on whose behalf payment iz made; to
what debt or purpose It la to be applied; by whom received
and if for another, on whose behalf It was received.
KIndf) of Receipts. — Receipts are divided generally into
three kinds: Receipts in Full, Receipts on Account, and
IteceiptH to Apply on Particular Accounts.
Kvcry Heceipt Hhould Show whether payment Is made in
full, on account, or on what particular account where there
are more than one between the persona.
How an ARent Should Sign. — An agent should sign his
principal's name and then write his own name underneath,
prefixing the word "by" thus:
John Smith, [principal]
by Thomas Jonea, (the agent.]
Receipt for a Xote Not Xece(*«ary. — It is not necessary
to take or give a receipt when a note is paid, as the Instru-
ment Itself becomes a receipt.
Mistake or Fraud. — A receipt given under error or mis-
take of fact, or obtained through fraud, is void.
FORMS OF RKCFII'TS
Receipt in Full.
Mt'dicine Hat.. Alln , May 5, 1912.
nrcelved from R.infinl|.li Pike. Two Hiindrt'd .ind Fifty-tliree
Dollitrs. In Full of All Demands.
Charles Johnson.
Receipt on Account
Sprlnfifi-'M, P. E. L.. July 1, 191J
RecPlved from Hiram Powers, One Hundred and Seventy-five
rinll.irs, on account. Clahence White.
Receipt on Particular Account
Received from Abner OgUuhy,
Dollars, to apply on hire of horse.
Prescott, Ont., Aug. 1, iai2.
One Hundred and Nlnety-Hvi
Marshall Strait.
Receipt for Rent
SyUncy, N. s.. May 1. 1914.
Rereivo.i of William Lawrence. Thirty Pollurs. in full for rent
of residence at 96 Adams Street for the mruilli of May.
jAMFIg WlLTERS,
Per William Stout, Agent,
98
Receipt for Honey Advanced on Contract
♦"**<* Digby. N. S.. June 4. I&IS.
Recolvea from Wm. Rlck^rt Fifteen Hundred Dollara In advance, od
a roDtract to biiild for liltn a brick bouse at No. 2244 SbtTionn Street,
James u. Stkklb.
Digbf.
Beceipt for Purchase of a Horse
»150.(H1.
rrlncf Rupert, B. C. May 1, 1013.
Received from John Meyer One Hundred and Fifty I>ona'r8 for _
gray mure, guaranteed to be only four year* old. gpntle, quiet to ride
F. M. SCHULTZ.
Beceipt for Interest
ndsoa, Alb., Sept. 9. 1314.
KPceived from Jampa K. Harter One Hundred and Twenty llollara,
for intereMt to Sept. 1. 1014. „n his Hond and Mortgage; receipt to be
ncltnowicdged also on the bond.
Rate, 755
Time,
Months, -
■ Days,
L. Mebton,
Elxecutor.
Receipt for Property
Morden, Man., .Nov, 10, 1014.
Received from W. L. Peterson the followins enumerated articles to
be held In triiHt for him and returned on bia demand : One Bicycle one
Gold Ring, and one HlHe.
Edward Pakks.
Receipt for Money Paid on Lost Note
$1,000.00 Bedford. Que., April 20. 1014.
Received of Charles J. Morrlnon one thousand dollarR, In full pay-
ment for a certain note Kiven by said Clias. J. Morrison, dated October
15, 1014, palling for one tlimiHand dullar«: which said not.- Is Inst de-
stroyed, or mislaid, and this receipt is a guarantee against future de-
mands on account of said note,
Samuel W. Goss.
N. B. — Better never lose a notp.
Warehouse Receipt
{For form of warelionae leceipt and a statement of the law
regarding them see title Warehousing.)
100
PART IV
Banks. Banking, Interest Laws,
Legal Holidays, etc.
'
m
fit
o-t „^^''°'' ROTHSCHILD
The First .],.w Who Sat hi Patliamont
F,»«,c»,. B..d,.,. w.,ld'. Mo™, U«l.r
BANKING
Ac^, «hlcl, U reconsidered and revised by the Parliament
of Canada about every ten or twelve years. The following
remarks are based upon the Bank Act of 1913. Th, ,„,!
ciae pr.,hloB, of the Act .ppl, u, .11 tbo« eorp.™.
lo« having ge„er.: tanking p„„er. In tanad.. The
heTub» "' "" f '' '" ''™'""' "^'^ ""'"""-"■"' «"" -^^
an lend thefr' " """"'■ "'"' """ ^'"•'»'"-' -"" -"«"
proflt, and can act as agents In the collection and remlsslo'
of money. Organically It Is a •' bank of hsne," a fundamental
reZTn ht^'" "T"" T -""'" """ - -"'Lfenrcu -
rency In the shape of pn)mls»or, notes, called "bank notes"
ntended to circulate as money, a ■• banker- ,s one Tho "^
the ordinary course of his business receives money which
he repays by cashing the cheques of the persons from whom
Is one whTh'""" • ''""'"' '"= """"''■ A -customer -
LTJ °, K. ^ "°"''"' """ » "»"" o' talker. Every
and Is bound to discharge Its Indebtedness by paying Its
customers' cheques. Paying its
The stock, property, affairs, and concerns of the bank are
Zctr 1 '" '":'' """'"^'"' "' "■" •">"" "' 'i<™ctors Baeh
sta ed n thTA ; f "',".'""=' "' "" ■>"■"' '-> "■» ■""""■"
n™i hn™ ; ^..-'J^''^ 0' tte a'"«tor, must be nat-
ural born or natnralhed British .objects and domiciled In
Canada. The directors must be elected by the shareholders
at he annual general meeting and are required to elect from
their number a president and one or more vice-presidents.
The directors may make by-laws and regulations with regard
to the management and disposition of the stock, property,
affairs and concerns of the bank, the duties and conduct of
the officers, clerks and servants employed therein, and all
But such ''h"'f'"' " '""'"'"'" "> '"« """""'' °' '"<' "■'■"■•
of the Art ':T """'r' '"' """"■"' '" '»= «•'«-'»••■■»
Each shareholder has a vote for each share held by him,
101
BANK! NO.
holder, upon the unoald .h^ t' "'° '"""' »"««-
necessary I Vn? In' f ! '" '""^ '"^"' ■•» '"'^ "-O
been lo.t.he d'ect^s „,»v mJ" ,?" "*'"'^' "' " """ *••
Whose Shares are '^ S" fin" ..To" '"« '"""'■o'ders.
-oay be e,.l™ie„t to the l„s 1„h„^' '""" -^'"'" "
Pron. .0 n.ake good the ,o iVhe d'reetorL"'""' "" ""
amount of any call »nd ■„ , '"^™" "»>■ »"e for the
bank, and may sell forfeToH h '" "" ""■''""«' '<> '"e
eha.e« are tr^n erable fut IT' ",' """"^ *""""•■ "ank
registered In the t-ok kept for th.?" "'" "" '""" °""-
require that the ■„«„„ v. " l'"n>o»e. The bank may
pay all hT ndettrdneTs rthe'L": T"" "-"' ""^'"-^
the remaining etock i, '° ! ^^"k whioi exceeds in amount
has been traL::atcd by Wrtue o" a"„'v': "/""■ ^""^ ''°"=''
nient or by intestacy th. „ !. ! ^ testamentary instru-
.^mlnlstration must'be nrodu 7 '.'° "'" " "■' '^«'" »'
~r „v£Hr " •-"■"" °~
bank as they may deem allfhr "r" "' ""' """'» ■>' '"e
Shall be decJed „ Te o^dnn'- l""."," '""''^»-' "■• bonus
and no dividend ex ceedln?^,.^"""' '' ""■""' '■""•'"-•.
unless the bank hrrrtlduro ZZ'. C- "' T"
thirty per cent n/ »■ n.u 1 ""erre riind " equal to
and do'ubtrdebts Evet" V"".'?'' """ """'""'"■« "» "'«'
re-lssue ita notes payableL b"° "■""' "'^'' "»«« «'"'
note Shall be or a sum le.. .If^.r" ^™""«- >"" -o ^^b
Of the notes in clrculaUo! ,t ° **• '"" "•" '"'"' «"""'■"
aggregate amoun o the ul""; T '"'"' "■" ""'''' «">
bank, and the amoun nf """'""'• ^P"'' "' 'be
amount of current gold coin and Dominion
BANKI.VO.
•-"Pose Of th. fund i. to secure ^hl„ ''""""">■>• The
ot any Insolvent bnnk. Payment of the notes
If the payments made out of •■ Th. i, ,
demptlon Fund " exceed the ,„ . "'"' Circulation Re-
by the suspended S tL^" 'r"""'"^ "> "■" '"ni
-ake ,ood the amoun Jf the e cl ""'"' "" ""'""'^ '°
tank I, required to es.ab«sh aZ. , "r"'""""'"- ^"l"
"Hd pay„,ent of Its notesat Torom L ""' "'"'"■'""'■>
•John, Charlottetown, WInnlLI p °' """■'"'• "*'"«• St.
torla. When making Zia^^ent t:' k'^''^"^ "»" ^.c
request of the person to whom th^' „ "'"' "''^"' « ">e
pay the same to the extent of l.\ "^f""""' '' '" "'' ■"»"«.
•on notes. No Payment "^eh?.*^"^"" """'"^ '" D-mln-
notes, Shan be madT ta hnis thl Ir T"" "°""' " '"■>"
«<ally defaced. The bills 'nV'rs'of'aTr'' '"™ " ■■"•
offlcer" appointed by the dlrerM "'^"'''"'>' »"
Itotory, though not under the ™ ""''' """""^ "" ■"-
"ank. n,e directors may depute anTr^ '"" °' ""'
nnd notes Intended for circulate Thet" '" '"^" "'"^
sons authorized to sirn bills „nH . "■"' "' ""' »""
by machinery provided fo that pur,!: T "^ ""''^»^-'
authority of the bank: prov ded thT '"' " '"'"' "">
n.us, be so impressed after X„l. °' '""=" "'■"»»
bank from the engraver and nl^ \."^ """^"^^ ^^ 'be
«lth the receipt or dirbrsemeMof "' '"^'" ""■"<^»''
stamp or write In plain let^™ °' """""'» '^ "■""fed to
or -f«„d„l™t- note LeTTn T", ""^ "counterfeit"
*ben presented to UTLJ °,™ "' " "»■"' ■""«•
Ing to the credit of a custome;, I ^ *""""''"' "'"nd-
be has loaned to the hank tl.Z,^,""': ""''""" -"""'^
purely a personal obligation o niv i'' '" "" '=""™" '^
^■••i^r^yrS-f-"^^^
" -'" - — -~o.-irnf c -. -^^
103
It uT.t!. . """"»' """rtty for .ny lo.n nude by
It. But except a> authorl.ed by the Act b>nk. .-. .
anowel to deal 1„ the buying or L>C ^f U^^war . a„°d
merchandUe, or to lend -noney or to m^ake aZtce.irecl
upon the »ecur.<y or mortgage o. any land., or of any sh,™
ThrnTay'TotVeT t"'/"^ *°°""' *'"" " -"•""■''-
Tzzt:':-: rhCrTher: °'"'-"°" -•'
^::::::airr.rtrrrrurx
lx.nd. Of corporations, By ,hl» meana they may , " effi^^
end money to the holder of .ueh bonds on a mortgaao ^1
Charge on the assets for the time being of a going concern
Banks may take as collateral security the asslg"Lnt of .
bank's Ivir""""'' ""'■ "'•'"""•'^ "'"^ "" '"«-■«'« '» th'
banks favor as security for advances which the bank may
make rom time to time. T™n«cU«., entered Into byX
tank. In e„«,r.,entl„n of the Art .„ ,.« ,. b, - .„„ J^ "j
.nd (Jierefore toM. a transaction forbidden by ""rstaSe
cannot be the foundation of a valid claim. The'stock.tnd.
deben ures or other securities acquired and held by a bank
o h dibf br",'." "r '" '='"'' ■" ''^""■" '" '"e payment
Of the debt be sold and conveyed or transferred to a pur-
chaser. But banks are not obliged to sell such aecurltL,
within twelve months, and the ,lght to sell or dispose ofthe
may take, hold and dispose of mortgages upon real or Ar-
senal property, by way of "additional Menrity,- for d^t,
con ra„.,a to the bank In the course of Its business, Tnd may
purchase any lands or real or Immovable property offered for
sale under execution, or In Insolvency, or by a mortgagee
having priority, belonging to any debtor of the bank Td may
hold and dispose of the same at pleasure. Any hank S'y
104
«qulre ud hold an «biio;at« titi. i.
property mortgaged " It .. "Ld..?"' , -'"" " '■""""•"lo
..ourlty for . debt o l^L Ind „ "' " """•t.l.l-
any prior mortgage o.'klrieor' "k""""' "'"' "■='"■'"
tart >h.ll hew „y Zl 1 ,1„ ° f""" ■"■'"«">'■ 8"« »•
««.lred, „e,p.rr To". "" , '' "'""""• "»"""""
" 'oveii year, -from til H^. .^' "' "•""" "'•»«"«K
"7 -^.-x^fX' -rr-t: S* ""'"■
cr^'«r„f7ar;.?roorer.z„;rtf '--'-•
any debt or for any .Ublllty incurred by « „\ "'""'"" "'
in the course of it, banking buslner A 111 '"■ '"'"°"
or bill of lading so acquired ve, Uin .h ""'""■"<' '•™'"'"
and title to ,uch receipt or J an. to , be ."" "■" '"""
therein or covered therehv „f «, *°°"'' ""i»"oned
thereof. Tbl, appearrto L ■"■'"""" ■"■"""• "'■■ ■"^"-"•
"'biting banka from le„J? '"'"'"™ "" "■« <='»"«« l-ro-
an ajg'rnerg»s'"re7:nd"rr'':r''""™ •■■■'■"
^r^.Kt^^:S~-^
passes to the bank with Vu- .l»i, 7, P '" ''°°'''
t*. KO.d» l«,«r«l- u V .t tr Of vZ r "" "*"''"»
to a ."„h nle ',' "' "?* '""^''' <"• «■» P'-ol-cts thereof, and
"c::oT:irj;:a^ir:h:"r-=.
"cer^dH:Sr— -'-^^^^^^
mav »!«, i.„^ persons to cut or remove such timber Thev
may also lend money In aid of the building of any ship or
105
SA-VKINO.
Th. i«curlty la .uefc c«" u JL^ V '7" """' "" '""■
of wWcl. I. given la the bI„! >., t" ."! ""«'■•'«'»". • 'orn,
of the good, mealloaod twel .„H *"""• '° '■"'««'
..ar.r»eY:.^tTreZ:e"; Tr -' ^ "-' -
other Bpecl.1 .ecuritt J'^}"""' "^"'P'' " "111 of lading „r
the product,; or.t^l<»^7"'"'' ■"""■ ""> "»»'■ ""'^ '«"
«r.ln mentioned thl"?,; 7' ' rT.r' "■"«"•-"«•. or
to pay .nch debt o/ Hahl itv wl h Im"™.' ■"■ ""' "■"""
«ood>, etc.. were aoaul'red TM^ / "f"™ '""" *"•'"' "»
«"»er, (he „„ n,„,t k ' b. . , v . ^^ '"""'"* "' ••»•
take warehouse receipts etc t' "''"°"- """"" "» ""'^
"ote, debt, or llaWlltv whf '.i """'''' "'° '"''"""" "' »
negotiated or contracted :r,h,,"''''' ■"""• " "'"'""^' "
»"ch warehouse r ee rty the . T °' ""' ^^O""'""" of
made on the security Xt,.. ' "^ *'"""'" "■» 'oan Is
receipt .r o rer"L, " ^^ ''™''" '■• *''"^ " ""'''-ouse
regard to the Interls „r T" "' '""'^ "' "'»"^<' »""■
■•"even per cent TerLn TT "'""'' ""'^ '"»>' '«"« «o
the Minister of P,n.„ ^'""' """" "">" " «"'rn to
rates charged Banrar"'.;"'.'" "" '"'""«" ■"■" -"«<""■'
posits or money and Z\T "^ "" ""■"" ""^°»' " -•-
The debt incurred for moneys Z^T f. '"'""' ""-"■■•
barred by the Statute orilmLH" „""""'""'"" "<"
certain pereenUw chaVe, for^"*^- "f."*' '""' "«"'"
repayment of anrmoneT h' o..,/ .."" ""«"•"»»»• Before
"receipt" from the person „? ' '" ''"" ■""" "'""■•'' «
money, .deposited If It .1",^!"°"" '" "■""« """"^ "-e
"Jointly." the recelnt „f Vf. ^ ,, """"" "" ""' ""sons
'n the names Of slera,°;so''„ ^.r"'"""- " " ""'"<'»
majority shall be sufflcL. .# ^ ""''' '•'^"''•' "«»«« "y a
"«I. a bank, the pZuCl '' ""■'"" '"" """"' ' """""«
•■Probate of he Wm "1? "T ^-'hentlcated copy of the
Administration";.^ oT"L "e'st^^" g~ " °' "'-«"» of
■.u«e. granted by any court In
106
BANKINO.
•ulhorlty to .h. bank to p^y to th r^ "■""' "^ """""'"
deposit. ""iruinent tho Miount of tho
""ed ,or b. the ml^lZ'ZZT "'""" " ""^ "«
return ''rMcht;rw.l'';,T' '7"""""' '- "•" ■•-n.h.y
required to bo .Igned by the ChTef a ""■"'"'' '"•<'
Pre.ldo„, or V.ce-PreMdcn, a^S'l^r"^""'' '"" "' ""'
There are ,pecl.l provUioni In thl ''"' """""I MaiaKrr.
to the Bank of Britl.h North a t ^""^ ^"^ *'"> regard
.0 refer to the.e -n "t'bl'refTeSron'"" '' !' ""' "^'^
property and a^eta of a banl, h i .' ""' "™' »' '"o
debt, and "abilities each sharotTn '"."'"''"' '" ""^ "»
deflclency to an amount equal to .h. ". """"' '" "'<'
held by him. In addition ZZ^ "" '""" "' ""' ">"e»
«hare.. "'"' ^ *">' "»°'"'t Mt paid up on inch
INTEHBST.
'-eit I' r- j\v"^"'-- --^^^^^^^^
rate of Interest shall b" Ave '**"'?""'"' "'^ ">' law, the
rate of interest o«eldl„; p^^ ort"'"Ln"H """'""■ ■"^'''
recoverable unless tbe contrac- '0^ L""" "^ ""^«'"'' °r
"lent of the yearly rate or „ ™'""» "" express state-
ever any prlnclpa Imol or ^ '"= "' ""'""■ ^^'—
on real estate is made paU.e „n7h 7T "' """''•'"'
on any plan „„i„ whlch^bl """'"^ '""" l"«n or
and interest are blende or whlchT', "" ''^""=""" ""-^
interest on stipulated reDavm.Jt . "" '" allowance of
able or reeove'rable on Toy ™art''oVt;""'/'""' "^ '"'^-
-eaa the mortgage ^ZS'l llLT^::,.:^,
107
IKTKHUT.
.mount of .uoh prlnclp.1 mon.y .nd the nt, of ini.r..t
Idrr. n'^'r- "'°"'""' ''"'' " •■•" r..r y noun
other l„..run..n. roqulrlnK Ihu dobtor to my lnle",t „„
.rrenr. of Intare.t, ,.... com,K.„„d .„t.re«t 1? .nyr.*' „°^
«ro..„r th.„ tb, r..o p.y.w„ „„ prtaelp.. „.o„.y no. ,n .r„.r
Hhere the money .ec„r.d by . n,ort«.«e on r«l e.Ute I. n„,
made p.y,blc „„ . „„,„ „„„ „,„ „^„ "J'
.« the n,or,g.Ke the mort„«„r ™.y „ ,h„ explr.tlon ofnve
>o.r, tender the prl„clp.l money .„d ,rre.r, of Interest
ly del"? TTI"" '"""" """'"' '» "-' <" "O'l- .nd
m.y demand . dUch.rge of the mortgage. If ,he amount
the „r^,f ■ '"■ '"""'"•''"' ■" •-)' time thereafter on
the Pr nclp.1 money or Interest due under the mortgage
"Ut. given by a -Joint „o,» ™„p„,- or other r«m„™
:„ Z T"' '""'""' """•" "^ -- -n-P-y or eorZ"
ay or nor.r""'"' °'/'"''' ""^"^"^ ■>"» "«'" «"™ "^
'ay of mortgage on real estate. In Hrlti.h rolnmbl., IK.,.
ka.che„.n and Albert, and In the North »,rt TerrlZu, .„d
Tm Tu l""""'' "■" *" -™'"""" """ -very Judgment
debt shall bear Interest at the rate of live per cenf oer
annum until It Is satisfied. The word, "Jad,n.« iZl'Z
?r„r due", '""•"• 1"^" '■"' «P'»«. «'.ch h': 'hoen'
round due In any eho proemllnK.
< .«d.!'"wl":h """" "■""'" '*" ■"">"" "> "-o Whole of
■Uda. with the ejceptlon of the Yukon Tf rrltorv B„. i.
only applies to "money lenders" .nrf .„ ,""*''• "ut It
It savs ■• vn ™„. , i """'»" ana to loans under |.-,oo.
It sajs. No money lender shall stipulate for, allow or exaet
on any negotiable Instrument, contraet or agreement Z
E?-":=tir-dL-:5^5
eVrery o" .h"e am "'/h"""™' "' "'"" n™oeedlng t th
lnT^^7 . ""' ""'■ "■ •"•" »"" "■• other proceed-
ing concerning a loan of money by a " money lender "the
wt^r'lf ,:"'?," T -^'^"""^ "■"■" «- hTndred donars
Wherein It Is alleged that the amount of Interest paid or
108
CHEQrES
srace The holder of a cheque cannot .„e .he bank 1,
it unle.. It ha. been certlfled or "marked" A h^nk Jh
"iart"h>:".r, '°d,"b *■''"'" -'""-'- •■-"■--„.:
" iiaoic to him If it dlahonoura his chenue ir th„ h.
> tie^'T^rr ■"" """■"'"' '■""■• ""i« ban'; .:'::[
ie a bi.1 „, r°" "'" ""' '"' """"^^- A -Cheque,
^en/an"" d'lv'errro'vldTd^ ^\Tlr 7, ™''""-
leranie. Notice of the death of the drawer of a eh..,„„.
be ore It has been paid, terminate, the ban^/InLH; "
pay It. If a cheque, payable to order, la paid by the bank
right of action agaln.t the bank to recover the amount ,o
paid nor any defence to any claim made by the bank for
year after he ha. acquired notice of .uch forgery If the
109
if!
CHEQUES.
"k'T^ '!!"!■ "■ *"" ■"'='' "■"'" "'""■' » "««■. ">o Cheque
•hall be held to have been paid In due course. It a signa-
ture is forged under such circumstances that It Is capable
of ratlflcatlon, and Is In fact ratlfled. the signature becomes
as valid as It It had been originally authorized.
Marklnif or Certlfj^liig Cheflues. In Canada and m the
United states there Is a well recognized practice of marking
or certifying cheques, the marking or certlflcaUon of a
cheque by the bank corresponding to the ■■ acceptance ■■ of
a bill by the drawee. The bank which pays the money
stands in the position of the acceptor. In England It is not
cu«loni«i7 for banks to accept or certify cheques. When
presented, they are paid. Where a cheque is not presented
or payment within a "reasonable time" of its issue, and
the drawer had the right at the time to have it paid, and
suiters actual damage through the delay, he is discharged
to the extent of such damage. At Common Law the Ottilsslon
<o present b cheque for itarment did not discharge the
drawer until six years had elapsed, unless some injury
resulted to him from the delay, such as loss by failure of
the bank. But the endorser of a- cheque, like the endorser
of a bill payable on demand. Is discharged unless present-
ment for payment is made within a reasonable time after
endorsement. In determining what is a reasonable time
regard must bo had to the nature of the instrument, the
usage of trade and of the banks, and to the tacts of each
particular case. The authority of a bank to pay a cheque
drawn on it by its customer may be countermanded, or It
may be determined by notice of the customer's death.
The Caudlaa Bills of Exehange Act provides for the
crossing" of cheques, hut the practice ot crossing cheques
Is so seldom resorted to in Canada. Crossing means, writing
the word "bank" between two parallel linos across the lace
of the cheque, either with or without the words " not negoti-
able"; or two parallel transverse lines simply, either with
or without the words " not negotiable." The ohjert of cross,
lag a cheque Is to make It comp, jory that It shall be pre-
sented tor collection through a bank, as a holder, and not by
an individual, and as a precaution against payment to a forger
a Snder, or a person not enUtled to receive the money.
110
I
M
i r
^fusm^rmi'jimm/m
N
a S S
114
IND0IC8EMENT OP CBE0DE8
. Alwiy. Keop the Stab of Your Oheom BnoV j •
the cho',e is pa™ ° '^''"'"* "^ °° indebtedness «„ta
locality always ha, e it eertifitd J, ♦h'"' ^'T •""> '''™ »■•
OTHEB FORMS O." CHEQUES
1330.00 Payable to Bearer
Bunk of Montreal, p., to E T n'm,""'' ""'■■ ""'" <• >»"•
and Firty Dollar.. '^^ ° ^- •"■ «"""»«. "■• l..nr,.r. Two ll„„jr,,d
1120.40 Payable t« Older
Inlon Bank ot Canada nay to B r "b"^"' ?°'- ""• '•
red and Twentj..,lve and ,a Si,„ra °"'°°"'' "' "*■■•• <"» '"■>"
,50.00 PayaWetoTonraelf
«..■. o' New Brnn,w,ck. pa. to '.'„jr™^ «i„^- '"■ >»><•
INDOESDrO CHEQUES " '' ''^"°'
How Indorei'ment Shonld be Writtm w,» .i • .
ment across the back n^fu.i. ■*""''' ""> ""Jorst-
Each Succe^i™ I'T '"'"-'thwise, of the cheque.
those thafpret^rit""""" '''""'" '"' ""^tten „„dcr
pos^t,"T/tw ul^r "■"'" ""»- "■■' "-k "Por De.
can only be deposited /„d <,,""?;■., "'"""' "'"^ '"''"^-d
to the bank tte:r'c:lfZ'1he::^' "-' '"' "■' "'^ ''"^
PaytotheS^«---^---™o...e =
moORaSMENT OP CHEQUES
Do not 8tDd Away t Oboqno IndorMd in BUnk. but nuke
It payable to the person to whom you send it. Then if lost
It cannot be paid to any one else.
A Ponon mnat Indorse hit Kuue «• it is Written in the
rheque A cheque drawn payable to W. Kinp, cannot be in-
dorsed \\m. Kinjr, If drawn payable to Rev. W. King it
should be 80 indoned, as bankers are very particular to
have the name of Hie payee as given on the face of the note
exactly reproduced in the indorsement.
If the Spelling of the Name on the Fmo is Wrong, indorse it in
that way and then write it underneath correctly^
ResponsibiUty of Indor»er..-The following table shows the
relative responsibiUty of each indorser E«riadZr i!
responsible to the one below him ^ "
lo • ODte.
1. Maker.
2. in ludorser
I .I. 2nd Indorser.
I * iPd Indorner,
' Etc
In an unaccepwj
draft or uncerti*
lied check.
I Drawer.
?• I»l Indorser
3- Slid Indorser
*■ 3rd Indorwr
Etc.
1. Acceptor
2. Drawer.
8. isi. Indorser.
4. 2Dd I|)dorser
Etc.
In a certined
cbcck
I. The Dnnk
2- 1st Indorser
3. 'iad Indorser
4- 3nl Indorser
Etc
rOBMS OF DfDORSEMElfTS
When Presented for Payment
^ 1
SS^
^l^-
■^
When Tnnittmd
116
BAHKnro BDUl
1. Make your deposits in the bank as «.,!» in tu. ,
«ible, and neve, without your b^k b^ " '^ '" **" ■»" " f^
Whe„^'e'^;r.r:''deS thet T'*'' "^ "■" '»"--
indorsed, «l.ethor dra™ t^ t'l,! ^°"''». "I"™ 'hem to be
3. Do not allow year banl hoot? °' ''^P°^"»'- " ""t.
balan.^ Co„paJr;irtlte^oro7tf:\t^^
7 In flmn. ?" T" '^T' •"■"■' ""''" 'o^k a-d key
r»e words instead of R^Z ^'^ '''"' " ''"''•
fe« iMo"rn:,;;:r!"ti,£tStT "^''^ "r"--- '™-
own cheaJe ^^iTe' ' Pa; to Tilli',/""^ "" '-'' ™ '"ur
name ;„ .,; ,„.,y „, ^'^ ^» ->-If .nstead of writing y„„,
identified ^rtirbaVktTrd '"." P'"™ ^"^ ''"' '«"'' '" "o
indorse the TJ'"and tlfl b" "T", "''^•"'^"'' '"»« '"»
"Si^fnatureO.K "andslv ""' '"L^'™'"™ «■■•"«
Pa.vment on ti.e cUrSurfLtride^/tiS^atr ^"^
U7
araw
DRAFTS
Time Allowed for Acceptance— A Anft „„„t i,
drawee .a. accept I '^ o^thj da^ 0^7^ te I'l!
DBAPTS
the draft oa„™,"" uLllv" 1""'' ,'"/«"" »' ""•'l' demand
til the time haVexpirS \f 'T'"'' f" "'"-«''«l't«»ee un-
«P«!ifled. the debtTi^'be treatedTn""' '"""" *''" «"■«
t .. dishonored for non-accert^lji Z> ^'T """"'i'""
ioM his risht of recoZe ,.-» n . H • "''"»'«« 'I'" ''"Mer will
or accepted make. !?"t"lei °" """ " •"" '«^-» ''"'-"
i».drriie"S7tr:iitd^r,'Tr''"»'''''''™«
hia legal rcpre.entati es Bv s,«'. *" Presented to
mand draft may be paid «i.Mn>f !" """"• ^""«' » ''e-
of drawee. ^ "^ " '"'"■ " '"»"«' time after the death
isfa'S^dS^^ff'ThriftlX™? """'' "P"" »"•"""
■node payable to'ou,4,?L!lTe^VV'"°" '"^' '" t""™ '*
person to whom yo„ in endt t Ihr';" %'■' f"™-' "' "■«
Rood receipt for the m„uey '' '^''" «"'<« y" «
<s?:*ir:ftrn.°TrcX«r ""'^ -' '«^«-
^c«5«om ,o«,5.// /„ taking and gM^ r«:,lpt,.
««n /» .ma// 6«;„„ <r»„rf/o«. ft „„, „„
Koii m«c« tro,*/,, „„„, anrf upen,e.
i.y
Ill
To tet'i Own OHu
•'"'■'>o .. ...
T..n .l>v. .#• . . V. llamlKon. Ont.. Feb *» 101J
^^^ T... d.n .f,„ .,,6, p., „ „, „,„ „^_„^ ^.,,^^ iJC..;"ltv
To Wlllisin rilil. '■ "■ JuKn,
llBmlKoD, Ont.
.100.00 8'*** >>'»«
To WllllBm Dii. Fbask Lawlbi.
8t. John. N, B.
M0..K1 ''"• I*""
Value rcct'lvcO.
To H. B. Mofer, Chah. Uumteb.
Oabawn, Ont.
j3"o CO ""• """' *•'<'»'• ^onn
To Wm. K. Anlre, <«"ie rectlved. JiUta Clawi.
"■llJai, N. g.
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
reign Dank, is losl, then the second or third, being sent bv
railed foreign b 11, of exchange, and the othera are K)metimes
called inland bills of exchange "ometlmes
in? fo^i't^T ' ^'" °' ^»<">'^-'. '»ving money deposited
in a foreign bank, orders the bill cashed there In tli^wav
travelers are saved the trouble and rfak of car^inglaTge
■tredTato^flnTr"'"' """■ '"""»"*' enga^^nloreZ
trade aho find them very convenient, and make aU their nav-
inents through Bills of Exchange. ^^
120
Jr "'I
£x,*ame,) Toronlo. Nov. s. 19-4.
M ^
/>«.* SUrl,»t. «-/« r.»tv.d, and.harg, Ik. urn. ,.
Hmry Herman *. C».
JVo.6^t
n a. CnmtrnalBmk c/Claspm, i
Glasgovi, Seal. \
FokM 3
Exckmg,) Toro„,o, Nov. s. >9I4.
for V
Ponnd, iurl,ne. valu. r.cnv.d. andckarf Ik. ,am. lo
/fmry Herman *. Co.
JVo. 643
To Ik. Commtreial Bank of Glasgow, >
Glasgow, Scol. \
/or t
0/siZnJl Hr . ^'."'^ *•" "f'"*!!"'/ IMS our Tkird
SUrlmg. valu. r.c.iv.d, and ckarg. Ik. sam. lo
No. 643
Hmry Horman *. Co.
To Ik. Commercial Bank 0/ Glasgow, I
Glasgow, Scot. I
122
LBrrraia or crkoit
MTTER8 OF CREDIT
nwogniwd. ^"" '• •" dewrlbed that ha bulj ba
to whom it ta«id«««i\«ipta ir "'^ " "" >*""»
WM or LRns OF OaXDIT
Muana. llAvf -T, Rm t Cto., Toronto. J,ii. lo. mj.
lo .a .mount „„, „^| ,„ rhfiL^!?"'!' ".li'" ''""°' '"'' """•
ch.rm IhB ume to u.. •Mn»«le the .bove-nuaed lum .„d
Tb. «,„.,„„ „, a,. „^j„ .^„„„,„ ,^„
Vour. very rapntfullr,
SimuUun ot c»o.. p. J»^i„. rom.,, WAutm 1 Co.
"""• ^"^ * 0»'« l-tt« Sant by Midi
Mbwu. Havaht, Reko a Co.. Toronto. .Un. lo. mis
London, Erg.
-"'^"iIl;: '^';;rij:Tj;-- - '- -■ -- ..a, „„ . „,.
BetlwcHuUy youn.
fOMM, W4LK„ 4 Co.
123
III
i f
i
I ,
m
UTTERS OP CREDIT
A OUABABTEE UTTEB OF OBCDIT
Ulu Walter Coiem... Shorteooke, Q„o.. Mnroh :,. mt.
Toronto. Ont
Vvry n*s[»p<-t fully,
MliIVER, yilHTLT2 A Co.,
17S Mollne St.
The Letter Sent by Maa
Mr. n-^,.r::H (^olema.v," "' ^'""°'' ^*' ^'"'*'"°' *'°'' ^'"■*''* ^' ^9".
Montreal, Que.
o,Z'"J: ™'""' "" '°"»'"««"« »' O"" and » |,rommem mercl,.„.
.•u"d.i"h ^r'^nti'i'.""" '"^ ■""• •"■ "*' ""• "" ' ■^'' '»»'P'««o«.
Wo oomuKuil Urn to jour kind mnslderallon.
Hespeotrully.
THE RIGHT HON. W. E. ni.ADSTONE^ r
124
•STKKLINO EXCHANOE TABLES.
rMlIMn Unw._
;^";^*':^'"lml".p.tp,«„„„ „_ |»»l»«o.p.rlb.
700
028
Oit
0 Ofi
006
800
dmntolnA
* <
l» l»
s >
• t
< 4
» 'i
> >
S ftl
t 8
» •»
> »
» •»
» H
1 1(4
• 10|
• m
• 111
4 Oi
' 01
if
PART V
Transportation. Arbitration.
Corporations, etc.
^ M y* Chairman Board D rectors. C p r Cn
RAILWAYS
ute. of Canada for 1906 as Chapter 37 Th., ^ !
a "rlgw of wkV r '"V^™""' »' "■« owner, tad, tor
.ake .and "«ve hundred fee. ^T.Zl^:: ZlZl Z\f2
conve:,i'rn,.':dr: 7'Z'zi\ir;t t r
ftrs:o;-~=3£f1i
10 137
■I . v
pany may alio enter upon any land which la not more than
600 feet distant from the centre of the located line, and may
occupy the same aa long ai may be neceiaary for the con-
atructloa and repairing of the railway, whenever any stone,
gravel, earth, sand, water or other materials required for the
construction, maintenance, or operation of a railway are
altuate or have been brought to a place within such distance
from the line of the railway. And the company may for the
purpose of obtaining such materials lay down the necessary
tracks, spurs, branch lines, water pipes or conduits over or
through the Intervening lands. The owner of land, whether
taken permanently by a company, or for a term of years,
and for whatever purpose taken, has a right to " compensa-
tion " both for the value of the l^nd taken and for the injury
caused to the rest of his property. The compensation may
be agreed upon between the owner and the company, and if
not 80 agreed ujwn the matter must be .settled by arbitration.
The award made by the arbitrators should contain an
adequate and sufficient description of the lands expropriated,
and the amount to be paid. Whenever the award exceeds
$600 any party to the arbitration may, within one month
after receiving notice of the award, appeal therefrom on
any question of law or fact to a Superior Court.
The award or agreement shall thereafter constitute the
title of the company to the land therein described. The
compensation paid for lands taken, without the consent of
the owner, stands in the place of the lands, and if more than
one person Is Interested therein, each of the persons Inter-
ested shall take the share awarded to him.
If the owner of land taken makes any forcible opposition
to the exercise by the Company of any power given to It
by the Judgment or award, the judge may Issue a warrant
to the sheriff of the county or district commanding him to
put the company in posBession of the land, etc. And where
Immediate possession Is required, or where it la shown that
the company should have immediate right to exercise some
power or control over the land, the judge may also issue
his warrant to put the company in possession, even In cases
where theie has not been any award or agreement. But In
128
from the B>JnCo.„v,H .""*"'• " """"• "■■«■"
But the owner o-uchfZrt'"; '"""■^- " "'"'"''■•■
'o deposit a -urn ."acleirto de". "an't'h' """' "" ™""'«'
«ruct.n. ana comp.efn. .JZl or irLllZT "' "-
"rf^T^mi: T^z'^^r -"^ ^^ "'">""■»''
term, as to protect and .X/. th°erol"r?r" "^ •"■="
ent. At any such crossln. „! h .7 ^ ''''°°" «>«""-
appliance, and otherdevU and """ "*"■" »""""
directed to be u.ed a. to render !?..,„ r""*'™""" "'^ "«
to paw over ,„ch cro„ln« L . . ^ '"*"■" '""' '"!■>»
n.«y be carried u,in.,o'X. ^ '""" ^'" "O """"J'
'ln.1.8 of any c^"', iXrwratld", """"^''"''^ *'""» "■»
has obtained the coneenrof h T" """" '"^ "™P«°J'
Presaed In the forH, a Uuw"""?^?b "r™"°°' «■
that the railway ihill h. „ . f' ^°*'^ "ay direct
".'.-way, or that tJe^ ,',;:;;taVb''"- T" " "'""' «"
along the railway or .h.T .^ ° ""''''''^ '"«'■■ ""der or
permanently ""eried InS that iT " •"*"*" "»» <«
and such other meaaure. ^IT ^'■' ""«" "« '""""^"X
be best adapted to rerveTd,"„ri;-"dl^:/'"' ^"^ '"
or?o:t\xY:rV:urtsrr.b'ri --' - '- ---
the railway by mean. VeTr, Cre^a 7T' "^ """
under the railway It is reo„l/^ , ,, "'rtway passes
'n width and no. i™, tta„:o1r. V "°" '"^'^ '«'
highway crossed at ralMevel sl'T '"!' """'• °'' '-'^
and maintained with the worl 'T^"^' »■>«'■ "e erected
on each side thereof ^Vher, 1 <■>'' ''"'"""'" ■"""''"
l«d to construct operl^aL ?!' °''°"'"'' " »""«>■•-
or telephone for tietryanc'e oM g^t "he'ir " "" ""'^""■'■
trldty, the company mu.t not in/ . ' ■"""■ '"' '"^'=-
of travel nor pTmlt 2 ° L ' T' ,"'" "^ '"■''"■= '"""
feet above a highway o7pu:;:«.„:: '"' "^ '"'"-'-
i
BAILWATS.
F«m rroMlirh Companlei are required to make and
maintain lultable dltchee and dralni alongilde of and acrou
and under tlie railway, to afford aufllclent outlet to drain and
carry off the water, uud to make crosHlngi for peraone acroes
whoae landa t^e railway i> carried, convenient and proper for
the croailng of the railway tor Farm purpoaea.
The Railway Board may order the company to provide
and construct a aultable "farm Croa.lng " whenever the
Board di . ma It necessary, and may direct how, when, where
and by whom, and upon what term, and conditions, such
farm croaalng shall be constructed and maintained. The
company must also erect and maintain fences of a minimum
height of four feet six Inches on each side of the railway
with swing gates at farm crossings, and cattle guards on
each side at every highway crossing at rail level, and the
fences must be turned Into the cattle guards at each side of
the highway.
Where an owner brings an action against a railway for
the value of cattle killed by trains or engines, he must fur-
nish satisfactory evidence that the cattle were so killed, and
that the fences or cattle guards were defective. Even where
cattle or horses are trespassing on a railway, and are killed or
Injured, If this could have been prevented or avoided by rea-
sonable care on the part of those In charge of the engine, the
company may be held liable. All railway stations are
required to be erected, operated and maintained with good
and sufficient " accommodation " and facilities for " traffic "
Railway officials may prevent hotel runners from being upon
the premtaes and may exclude them If they see at.
ffa^es of Workmen and Employees. The Act prov.des
that In every case In which the Parliament of Canada votes
ananclal aid by way of subsidy or guarantee towards the
costs of railway construction, mechanics, labourers or other
persons who perform labour In such construction shall be
paid such wages as are generally accepted as current for
competent workmen In the district In which the work U being
performed.
Railway companies are required to provide and use modern
and efficient apparatus and appliances for communication
130
1
RAILWAYS.
out the nece«lty of men ZZ n\T ' """'"'PK"' wlth-
«" tram, carrying pa,"en«« h ■'"" ""^ '"'• t""-
be c„„t,„„„„. a„d^„Ta™a„»^ „'LT "' """" "■"«
t-'ng applied by ,|,e angin' d" Ir^ "' "" ""Wble or
Corapanle, are ren,,|lv^„ k " '"" ""keman, etc.
•lie Of station ho le. tith „':,'; " "'"'""'"■' ™ ">» on..
reach the .tatlon. '""°' '»«>' •>= expected to
orttntrrin'Te r^' oj':'"^ '"'"-'■ "'"»'■'-""
P«..engera are carried Whe„ ' P"««»"t car In which
••Wrtwaycro»,,ng..T;J*;"„,"»y"'" - approaching a
■ounded at lea.t eight rod! blrn ^^"° *"""'« "■"« be
•onnding of the whl«Te „„, ,^h !""" """ "■"» "' 'be
hWway. No tram la allowed ^o T"". "" "°'«"' '"h
tbichly peopiea portion o,::' town 'r ".„" "'"■'*'' "^
greater than ten mile, an hour , ""*' *' » ■»«»«
'» or properly Pro.ec d ^'jriln ^.n '.*" '""" " '-«"
o;" any highway cro„mg "t r"u ,e, ' f ""'"'■' '^ ■"""
Wan ten mile, an hour, „„ie,l TJ T ' *"'''"" "^^
maintained and Protected in»o.n? °'""^ '" oon.tructed.
Regulation, of the Board Where rf "'"■ '"^ ''"'"' ■"""
Peraon mu.t be placed on .h» , "' "* ""■"»« "P a
a'ivanclng.towarnpConaVatmr' ■" "■" "" ""'«'■<«
Cr. or engine. m,f.t „o" bTanowed"," "'"""'' ""' '™''-
"t any highway, or In .h„„t,„ ! * '° "*"" <"> any part
'onger period than IT^Z" Z^' "T '™«'" '" '
Pany employed on paaaenclr L, '■"""°^™ "' » '=0"-
"on. Is required to ^To",, IT ""' "' ""'""«" «-
cate his olBce, etc. ■"" '" ""P ■» badge to Indl-
^^T:ij':^zz 'a'ndT'r i '"""- '"«"'"' ■>»>-
with other railway., a^, at "l T 'T"'" "' "" ™'"'ay
' . and at all .topping places eatablLhed
131
!1 i.
RAILVAYH.
for that purpou, adequate and lultable meana. appllanoea
and accommodaUon for recelvlnj and loadlnt all " eraffio "
Offered tor carriage, anu for carrying, unloading and deliver-
ing the aame with due care and diligence upon a reaaonable
hire being tendered. But railway companlea differ from
coinmon camera" In that (I) their right to limit their
liability by contract la curtailed, (2) their tolli muit be
equal, and (3) they are subject to the general aupervUlon
of the Hallway Board. Comnxin Carrlere were not limited
by any controlMng authority, and the only quallBcatlon upon
the toll! charged !■ that they muit be ■• rea«>nable." But
railway! muat not charge out. perion or company a higher
rate than la charged to another. The general rule li that
carriers of good, are "In.urers" of those goods, whereas
carriers of passengers are liable only tor " negligence." The
only defence at common law to an action tor damage to or
lor loss of goods was that the loss occurred through what Is
called the act of Ood, the King's enemies, some Inherent
Ssnlt or defect In the thing carried, or the fault of the shipper
For example. If fresh meat Is Injured through a " delay" m
Its carriage the company will be liable, but If It becomes
unsaleable through being Improperly packed or protected
conaldering the distance It Is to be carried, the company
is not liable. Prima facie the company Is liable tor Injuries
to cattle shipped, but where It was shown that the damage to
the cattle was due to neglect or carelessness on the part
of the owner or shipper. In not sending a man In charge, the
coinpany was not held liable. A horse had been fastened
In the usual way In a car, but was Injured by having Strug-
gled through an opening which to all appearances seemed
too narrow tor It to get through, the company was not held
iiaDle.
Injury to Vmagtn, Raflway Fares, etc Every passen-
fter who refuses to pay his fare may be expelled from the
train by the conductor at any usual stopping place, or near
any dwelling house, but the conductor must Brst stop the
train and not use any unnecessary torce. No person Injured
while on the plattorm of a car, or on any baggage or freight
car, shall have any claim In respect of such injury If room
133
IAILWikT8.
r«iu,r«. ,. ^\m^^to"Z," >"". """ ^ """' '•
"r <■>. p.„en„r to tb. »" pa"/ ?' . '^•" "•'"•'«'
but Where , p,.„„,„ ,1^20..,^^ '"**' **" ""•■
«Mlon .1 hi. own reauMt ih. "*•• " "" »*■■ I»-
'<■•• or Injury ,o -uch p. ' .. T""'"'' " ""' "•""' '•'
b."s: rrirorr.^."'.' «- --"-
'"ould be m.de known totte «J""" ■" ""• "■"«•"<'»
bound to check ud c'r, free o^T *"• '''"'>' «" ""'X
we." and .re onlr luZ tor . ^^"" "M..en»r.' lu,!
lo.t or d«n.«ed „ ,rf 1„" , "'""" ■<> «rrl«l, ./d
•■I"re.ge." Wh^r^a n.JiZ.? ~"«'"''«°''«d In the tera
"•"y Of "gold pen. .nd pTnc'u" ,".'.-''."' * ™"" ' O-^
^e^ th.. , .„„.. drd-r coirr, °;r "■• ^-'^
c.r.;rAri--- -b . p.«.u.::^^^ to. due
Journey. The coaplnyta ^ot 0^?"^ "" "• "» "" »' bl.
".pec free '^n.X'Ln^. r,t«:J. «?'"'»'•* "" ■» .U
"d eqmpaent. but re.«,n.blyTd"tU^ I 'on.tructlon
P«..enger riding on . trelrtt tr.f- ? '° "" ""»•".. A
'be ..„e .ccon,„od.t.on ''nV. ?.y' "', r'""" *" "•«'
a P«.,enger train. It . pa..enAr .i "* ""' "•'■'«
tbere I. „o ,,«,„„ and "" njured t^" "^ "' "•" ""o"
tbrough the car or car, hnve ,7e 1 . " "" "''""' "'' W""
cannot cl.in. damage for an Injury " "'"'' * ■"•"•■™- >"
The contract between t>.. .
'. ".ually on the Tk^et '1,™^ 'if'^h ' "*=■"' -"■""
known to the tlckM i,„i., . 'b« condition, are
bta. If he I. ?nttd hV?"""' '"^^ "^^ •"-"-« »Au
"negligence on th "art o, thT""' """ ■■' """«• «"'
A company may undertlke ,„ I. :"''" " "»' «« "'»™-
" -.0 condition, are C-^thf rp^r—' S' ^
133
k
UAII.UAVN.
l.bmijr by contr.ct. The m.Mur. „f d.n..,.. for inJurlM
.p..kh„, .uod d.m,g,. „ „,^ ^ r,.«,u.bl, .uppo.J^ ^
I..V. beea In ooni.mpl.tion of tta. p.rtl«. wb.n they nak.
th. contnct, may b« oInimxL
LkkOHj lor Otaic ,, Goodrs rt». Wh.r. a thlDDtr
.«",';•/■..'!.',',,.''' r"" """'•"""« """"•""'■ "■"'•' ^
m.v il H i"' "" """' •" """""' "> "•'■' "'I It. and
wber. th.r. I. a condition that the (oodi are " •hipped at
2r.™.. ■"*"*•'■" •>' '"e carrier or Ite «rvant., will not
byr.""r.ncV*l'n" 'i* """'■"" '""" '"■ -«""'■•«''
by«. negligence. All ..eb eoUUI... ,„ «,.,„h ..rfetl,
M^»». ««p.,y. Where the bill of lading Mated that
Mie ruk, yet u wae held that the company wu liable for
™.nTtVe'':;l^"" ■"""'*'"" "' "■ ""•-•'» no P^'
S: loeTofd'^ '"k"' ™°""°^ '™'" "'""<^' -» "
o.«l«V» " "'°""' "' ■■""«" '"' "•« negligence
^oreldTotT *"! *" """ ■" "■" ""'"■• "rvant.* bi^
fully aold or converted by the carrier.
'• tne value of the goodi." but. ai already atated the com
he''conrrU'°:'lth"th"'7,'^ '" """ --«' "^ ^n-'^onTTn
Vide ,h.,' »! "'""'"• »"" ""' condition, may pro-
able. The carriers' contract I, with the person In whom
been .Old. and reshlpped by the con.lgnor pureuanTto agree!
or L^.""'"^"™ " ""« ""•«' '»™« «" ane 'o o^.
IL
134
im **BiI.
Intpr
RAII.WAVH.
unwld vendor „ l„„g .';'*'" '"'""""" "■"t'l'Ue. 1„ ,h„
««!««, or n... <r.hec.rr";l J,".' T'''"''''' "' ""'
"toppage rem.,„.. When U,e ","» '« "^" ' '
'lie good., hi, duty i. to h„iH ,; '" ' "'
on good, .hipped .re "'^ remo." ' /"" ""■•"""' "^<>N'«
*•» been m.do In the kZ^T *"" *""'' "'"'>' « -lalm
W.«re . con.lgnee ,,ned ■ ,T": " ■"" "•*" -""aHowed
"n,p.ny w.. .", Jtlhlrg^the t"""'" °' " -""" ">"
Hotel e.pen.e Incurred wh'le w*!:'^""'' °' "'"""•' "'"'■
>«« delayed In tran.lt canLr^ '""'''' ""« ""^
"" . Claim for hotel expe^ealndT""" '" '"'■"■"
^■^r— -""~x::rro;r
-rrrent: 'rrrrr "■» *« —
d-hgerou. or e/pfo. na „r "a„°d '"""' "■'"^" "^ "' «
by a railway any .uch VL . '"'' "''"'"' '^'■o .end.
-..gerou. nature ™The oZlT^'^'T' """ '-'"
»'-e give notice In writing o the ',.? """"**'• '""^ °"'"-
" '- to receive .uch g»d "al ton ""'"' """"^ -""^
delivered. *"'' '" "■"om the same are
13S
III
m
RAILWAYS.
WHICH it 8 .pecu tc contain goods o( a dangerous nature
or may require the .ame to be opened to ascertain the tact!
«^d the company 1, prohibited from carrying any such goods
except m car, specially designated for that purpose, and
having in large letters painted on the ouUIdo thereof. "Dan
gerous Explosives."
ei„"«r7 "O E»>pl«T«e^ Every conductor, locomotive en-
gtaeer, train desp^tcher, telegraph operator or any other
or rn^rri T" ■" " ™"**'' '"•"'"^y *•"> "• l-toxlcated
seT „r J f. """■•'«'■'"""". -" "very person who
"ells or gives spirituous or intoxicating liquors to any
servant or employee ot a company while on duty is liable
LL f " "'r'""""«»'- " " the a"ty of railway com-
w?.r ""„ '"'*" '^'' "'""■'"' »" "■'«'"' »«« "oxious
ha^e sufflclently matured to seed, and in case of the neglect
Of the company to perform this duty a penalty of »2 per
toy may be imposed. And any mayor, reeve or chief offlcer
of any municipality In which any part of the right of way
uch"'.w.«'"'"°V""'""™ '° '='" *'"'"• '•°°' <>•" »"" ^«"foy
tnLlv briL .' "' ^ '"'P'-'"'°-e-"- Every person who
Tu din. nr ^ r"' ™"" '"' "="""■' »'«' »'«■ '"-O".
building or structure of a railway, or removes, obliterate,
or defaces any printed or written notice, direction or by-law
Shan hf H M . ""'"' '" "" P"'ormanee of hi, duty,
shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding »C0 Every ner-
eon, not connected with the railway or emp oyedTy tte
the same is laid across or along a highway. 1, liable on
summary conviction to a penalty not exceeding $10
136
TRANSPORTATION
LiabUity „f IUii„^ „a Er,ro» OompMie.
oa°l:;:s™;;^^i:re InMrrr-^' *''">."» f- ""-« are caned
f"5 a eo.,.z?i;: 'eftirt-LT^r "'""■ "' '"»-
Fuuiic geneiallj are also common carriers.
Oommon Oarriem of Chnds
1.17
IN
'.|J.l;
¥ '■*
TBANSPOBTATION
L"„°Z.,^i,"' "" '"1 ™""' ""'"'''"' '"» »"■»' "ompensation
18 Offered him m advance.
B,n,^.T "" T""'" ™" "" *°" l"^ ">«y ™f"»« to take
more; he may also refuse to carry freight of a dangerous
character, such as explosives. uangerous
.»^**~'^"""1,'°''^' «'»'■'«'> '"'k rate., provided the
.ame are reasonable, or make such contracts as they choose
r»".?/ ™'P"™"™' '""•»"}■ have established schedules of
rates, fhey can change these from time to time, but they
must accept the goods of all persons at those rates. Thev
muT'trtrr Jk^^ '""" ""' '""'•' "■"" '""" '"'""-' ""'
WKrimlMtlon UalawfuL-The carrier must not make
unjust discrimination a« lo prices of carriaKC. Before the
p.issage of the Inter-Stale C.mmercc law. svstematic dis-
crimination in their charges was proctiee.1 Uv some „f the
railroad companies in the United Stales, (ireal ...MTio.ations
7^ u ^T" " ■'"•'■'' '■'"■ ""''■ '""' "I'ipnwnts, while the
small shipper was crushed by mi.cl, ui^^er .-h^ses for
transportation. Unjust discri„Mn„„„„. were al»,. made be-
tween different towns and l,„.n,n,.s. -l,.. Inter-S.atTt'om-
merce law renders such discrimii.ation» imiro-fu.
, Oomp<,nMtion.-Common carriers mav <le_n,l iheir pay
n advance, yet they often transpor, ihe b«,1„ .ad collect
tne freight from the person receiviiiu- the mwK.
In case the person to whom the -oods are «^l refuses to
pay the charges the carrier must collect from the sender,
e«n K """/"t, him the contract was made and he alone
can be sued. The other party made no contract with the
carrier, hence cannot be sued. But if the sender is actins
as the agent of the person to whom they are to be sent the
company may sue the latter, for in that case the contract
was made with him.
e.JJ!^'"" f ^'J^^^-'^ '•"™™on carrier is bound to
Tfl '5 ,•'• '''"' '■e»8onable diligence and dispatch, and
safely deliver them to the person to whom thev are e .n-
signed, without any loss or injury, except such as mav bo
oceasionci by ,he act of God, the public enemy, or the fault
or traud of the owner.
Wlea Ll.We Btyond His Own Route.-It a carrier re-
138
TKANSPOBTATION
'"-it l.i» liability to hilo™ ;o„f. f V ?■"•'"' '^■""'•■"^'
»«fe delivery to'ti.e ne« Z,,:;'- 1^ '^ilit^'™ '--" V
"btaT,"e,'r,"r'T-l'Z?" '"■""■'' '"'"' """">" "ay t„
have .a,.,;„-, ™'" '"."ireCrrs"'" «"""» '^-
-de "r r. J/"" '" """' "- »-'«">. -1-, pay„,e„t is
a 2: Ta^. ',r„Ct 'tT ir "■';•, "^^ "■- ■■»"' i--'-
p-m with .,.„„ ,;;::,:' ;::";:;,t7 """ "■" -» "■«
''«« " " ^J"^o;r*rlTir;'''':"'"V-? ™P""«iWe for any
-;^-i,ei„..p^:,r:b:;^.;;::>;-;fi:i;^
owlrr^^:;^:;"^''^" "act of 0,,d,.. ,,,,, a,
'■»ff>tr,i„(., ,|,„,,'„„, ,„',""'''•,, ,"" "f. "»les» caused l,v
doe^ not reliove tuZlZZ^^^"'"'- «°'"'--^ " "-f'
•■-".-I. the oareless™;;:" „v of it ""I '' " '""""''
I>«ridiaWe Oood, -rnrri ™ployee8.
in defective boxea or '.^ , "'rST "'■,*"'""'' »''■"'"'
eroekery or other artiol'rtZ ' •■, """'' "" B'«»«»'„re,
If " package is of ;::. . ,n' " rh''" ''™''"'-
""oLll™'"" ""'" *"■ ^"f"™«l of " " """"■'' "■" """'-
railn„,"!°^,|^«^,^;~;" ™«' of d„m„^ ,„ ^„,^ „,^
"-""""t of dam,„.es ,„,'," ■!,;'""'" ''" ""-^ '">»i«'"i and tl„.
<- and ,vitb .'uSeient"'ov!;;„::TfM;:;::-^ « P™!- om-
TBAKSPOBTATION
A common carrier must pay the market value at the point
of destination <iif all property loxt or destroyed by liia
fuwlt wliile in his care for transportali.. i.
R«!eipt.-In shipping goods by tieiKlil or express a re-
ceipt or bill of lading should always be taken and carefullv
preserved.
BiUi of L«dtag.-The bill of ladintr is the carrier's ac-
knowledBment of the receipt of goods, and is evidence of
contract between the parties, and is supposed to contain all
the carrier's claim for non-liability. Three copies of the
hill are made out; one is kept by the shipper, another by
the party transporting the goods, the third is sent to the
person to whom the goods arc consigned.
BUb of Lading arc transferable and assignable, and the
assignee may sue for the recovery of the goods.
Form of Bill of Lading
New York, Oecember 10. 1904.
Sblppoa In toot order, and well TOndlUoncd. by Jamei C. Honlon
on board the ship Ooodapeed . .
Marked as folIowH :
Srlveater Clyde.
Rio Janeiro.
whereof Chaa, Boitman
Is maeter. now lying In the port or
JVeir I'orfc and bound
for the port of Rio Janeiro
500 Sorrel, of /lour, belni marked and numbered ai In tbe margin and
are to be delivered In tbe like order end condition at the port of Rio
'J,"""'" <"■= danger of lea only exiepted) unto Sj/Uxjicr
Y*"" "' ■"'" U'slgne, he or tliey paying freight for
the xaid eaHea, witb ten cents primage and average accuatomed.
In wltne&j whereof I have affirmed to three bills of lading all of
this tenor and date: one of whieb being acoompllsbed the others' to
stand void. HISNBY R. SANDFOBIJ.
(In the above form. Ilanton is the shipper or consignor,
Clyde the consignee, and Sandford the carrier. It might be
signed by the master (Bollman) instend of b,. Sandford.)
Oommon Carriers of Persons
A conimon carrier of persons is one who holds himself out
to carry for hire from place to place all such persons as
140
~ MfsmmmrnhmimmS'imx^BiBainm..
AOENCY
care and d„ ge'nco In ho conrt . "" ""' """■'»' ""^^^ »'
-pons,.,e 'or\:7CJ^::rzv:.''v:rr r " '"■
tect the paasengers aml„.. ■„ , ^ ''°"'"' "> P""
vants or emp™yee" Tl TL ^ '"^'"•'' '™"' •"» »«■-
ttae to get oVando n Ih ,^" Pa^'engera reasonable
doing 80 '"' "'"'"^^ "■"' s-l'aWe means of
.a^'^"^r'''rr: T:r "" '"■""^""^ '^ «>» ''»<^-
allowed to carry prcels hf . T'"" ■" "■" "^"'^ "»
tbelr safe delivery aTthi^h the o" T'" "' ^''■»"»""» ">'
therefrom. ^'fough the carrier derives no beneflt
Pany",:rng u""* " ""'"" "' '"^ '"""'^ °' 'he oon.-
an"S ro„l,:trt:r-'- " -e. «cept
the baggage to snob a^n't h ,"""'""" " "^ "'^ '='-'■•'
<" the baggage to thatCnt. """"""""« ""■ "•« safety
AGENCY
other. caZM: 'p'rUa^ Tr, h"-"^"" '" "" ^" "-
Known as agency. ' "''""'" ''^'»<"'" them being
t-onfoTi,;:. Tea'yt^r^rr- ■""« -essary rela-
te some one n,se '^h ,1 every 0^;^ 27 f ' T ""' "''"'
of the proprietor. Almost all the h . " " "■" "«<''«
n-lsslon merchants Varel »„!» """' °' """'"'■ C"""-
an agency. CorporXr'a t"w rr/r'm '^ '"T ^■'^' °'
viz.: their officers, clerks etc °' agents.
W1.0 M.r AC as PH„,p., „ ,^.,_^^ „^^ ^^^ ^^
141
I>t;i
h 1'
comiietent to do biiaineiH for himself may act aa principal,
nnil npiwint nn ni-ent to transact it for him. Peraonn who
cannot ilo business for themselves mny, however, be ap-
pointed to act as aeents. Therefore minors and married
women may act na a^-nts,
A (leseral Agent is one authorized to represent his prin-
cil'ni in all his business of one particular branch.
A Special Agent is one appointed to a particular thinu
only, or a few particular things.
How Appointed.— An aRcnt's authority may be civen
orally or by writiuK; no particular form of words is neces-
sary. In important matters, the aj.'ent is often npiminled
by a written instrument whieb is called a power of attorney.
When tiius authorized under seal and said instrument duly
ncknowledpred aild recorded, an ap-nt can sign deeds, or
other conveyances of real estate or sealed instruments.
Extent of Anthority.-The employinpr of an agent is the
act which (tives him his authority. An agcTit has authority lo
do whatever is necessary or srenerally done in connection
with the pun>oses for which he is employed. Some employ-
ments Rive very wide latitude of power, and leave ver)- much
til the discretion of the agent; others give a very "limited
authority.
Liability of Principal-The principal is responsible for the
acts of his agent committed in the execution of the agency
and which are within the scope of the agent's author-
ity. A distinction is here made between a special and a
general agent. If a special agent exceeds or disobeys his
nistructions the principal is not liable; but if a general
I'gent exceeds his authority (lie principal will be bound, if
the net m within the apparent scope of an agent's anthorily,
when ii is such an act as is natural aiul usual in transact-
ing business of that kin.l. By appointing him to do that
business, the principal is coiisiilercd as saving to the world
that his agent has all the aufhc.-ily necess'arv to transact it
in the usual way. For any criminal act, however, of the
agent, the principal is not responsible unless he authorized
him to connnit it.
Wrongful Acts of Agent«.-As to wrongs and injuries, or
142
MDtCT
which demand Xm ? """"ntrng until demand,
fi«n him for ™t.'"' ""'''' ""'• «"«•«'"' opportunity
OaanMuatioii fees aninit the iiriiu!h»i a
■">•»■•■• Ifame the BneiaeM i« Doim ah k ■
"n^r"'sp'J',^ibl: f^fM/"^-"^"'"""'-^ « P"-" can
H3
AQENCY
know,, at th.. time ll,e act w„« done, becuae he i. ,apno«d
to .lerivo the bencHt of the same. i-i~-»"
B«tUli!»tiOB.-If a principal ratifies an act done, he ia
bound by It, whether he Vd Riven the agent authority or
not. Siibwquent ratilleatu.n i, equivalent to prior authority
But If «„ch ratification ia n, under a miatake of circum-
atancea it la not binding.
BwpoiuiWlity of mini " .,.-A per«.n doing buaineu
w,th an aKeiil i« j„„t a> .eaponaibio to hi« principal aa
tlioHgh he had transacted thf busineaa with the latter in
person.
BwocaUon.— It is alwa.vs in the power of the principal to
revoke an agency; but if the power conferred i» coupled
with an interest, as where an agent has power to sell goods
and apply the proceeds to his own use; or if it is given for
valuable consideration, and a continuance of the agency is
necessary to meet the responsibilities he has assumed in
advance, to carry it on, then such agency cannot be re-
voked at the pleasure of the principal.
How to Bevoke an Agwcy.-It mnsl bo done by an ei-
press act of the principal or by the act of law. The first
implies a written form revoking the ,„wer of attorney that
has been conferred. ,.r any express ,' larotion to revoke.
the second occas may be the death of the principal or
agent.
Hottco to be OiT«n.-Di,e notice should he given by the
pnneipal of such revocation to those who knew of the au-
thority given to such agent, because a general authority may
continue to bin,! the principal otter it has be^n actually re-
called, if the agency were well known and the recalling of it
wholly unknown to the party dealing" with the agent with-
out that party's fault.
Power of Attomey.-The authority by which one person
15 empowered to act in the place or as the attorney of an-
other 18 called a power of attorney. The power of attorney
18 usually m writing and under seal, though for many pur-
poses It may be created by parol. Strict rules of construc-
tion are applicable to these instruments, and courts incline
to construe even general powers narrowlv rather than
broadly. If the power of attorney is to be recorded it should
144
POWER or ATTDKNKV
be^properly .cknowlwl^ed befnre nn ...Iloer tW Mme a. a
Ctnunl Pom of Power of Attotsoy
.nj ..,„d |A,r.. .,„,c ac purpo.c ,„ LZ Z Tier ZwtT TT°
to h. do„. ,„ „; .«.„ ..r„™°i: ." Tui,? ,?",',"!• "' °~""»"'
s' "i:/rs " "" ""'■"""" ■'■" i^'";" r^r!.- -r
Signml. Scaled, and Dsllvered William Ukovvn. [skal]
In Pre-nenve o(
Power to tako Charge of and Carry on BnHneai
m, lr„. .„d ,„,„, .t.orn.,T„r;„r°.„i'!.^ "••■•■••'■ Winter.
«o..| to p„rcb..e .„d ..„ ,„ r.fh „ 1 c"rdU°Tl ueh L?,'"'- """
menhaodliw, and waro. an ha .h.ii j articles, joodi.
to .tat. account ; I. ". .„7L^„,° ™ J" 'T'' """"• "'"' "'""•
an 0,.,.. or d™.od. doror7o"^:i "irt":' "iiri""" ■«""
attar to eil«t la niy (avor- to adl.i.t ..!■ . "'"'"« "' ^'r-
-btch „.. „,.. o?mr;.r.,.? ,.raZ.t"L"ln; " ''""■"^"
with uld bualao, or otlicrw«> agaln.t ma, either connected
d.,«'-l!!!l •?•!!'"■ ' ""•'■"ennt. .ct «, hand and „.,, ,h„ __
Hensy Saylor. [seal.]
Power to Vote u Proxy
Kno-^ All Men by r*rsc Presenti. That
undcrslBDed. Stockholder in tbe *^*
do hereby appoint ...
Attorney, with power of' .nb.tlutlon "tor ,'„7*, '°'' '"""'
t'o-rJeVr " "" """- °' '" ■'-"«««,.■,„■ ..r. .'°:: •..•::.■;:
with all the power. v "?!' " "'' "'I<'»™m<'nt thereof.
bereh, revokln, all preVl.u. 'pro.l,; """"^ '"»"°""'' l>"»-.t.
US
: m
I '!
ARBITRATION
rtrm »l AiTMnirat to Itofir to ArMlnton
fount, <>( x-rthumtoK".,,?',! ;;i„.?; ,f*oIi':iL°L"''fi;"t_'» "»
i.»plr. or third .rlltriilor ""''"""•" " •"? "•""•r, la ■ppolu „
.i.r'"."r.,..v.'"r;'Xp„?.' ci^'^'./.^i'Ti'Vi""' •■* *•>•'
i..u"i,i:".°,',rd:y''vri.;;;.i"B.'^,'"* '•"••- -• •>•" '•— •■"•
1. Ul. pr».„. 0, Joi. Brown. SsJuIn B Sir, tS^J
Form of KsUee to ArMtnton
.mdXnX'.V .Tb^.f.":„d'".°,.',i-L",."^^J"Sr ?n" d'T"" "' ""
Ubhbt QAaawM,
BOIONO B. OODV.
Foni Af ArbttrmUoB BoRd
(Birntd)
FBBD. HOtHWTI,
Ohai. B, WILLUIH.
Fonn ot Aw*, d
.r. if"oi ;" it\;r,.,?;;' /,?•"'.'■ '*,'■•■■ ••• "» «"-""if«i. "«.
ir?',"„- ;.'„r- — '-. .'.';J'..',oi,v.T'ia.."ft";»'°.'ir. -a'.
146
Cha«. Barkib,
Wm. Bionia,
ROBRnr RlHLIHO.
ASSIGN MKNTB
ASSIGNMENTS
«<!lui^ inui^f .1 ■ ' P™!*"*'. Penwnnl or real, or any
»rB;3:ir.'ri.Ltesr "" "-"'- '--
-nd recorded HkeTde^.l'' "^''' '*'""'• «I"«'"'«''K«<1
m«.tt Id ;tr;el? "["'h *"""?' '" "''^'"'"■™
of the aMiBnor'7 nt^^ . ' Z } °" a«»>Bnment cover, all
•generally prohibited by lt,L "'"'"°"' ""' '"" '' "-
«.u":^rr.ra"i,rer,„''rr'H'' ■; '■■--' -^-^
he cannot be forced rioMeViMt^n^K'"' "' '"" '•™"">"
Form of Simple AMlg„me«
D.W.1 Sjdne, u B 1. November lo.' A U. ,»...
MAUBin SAKDrORD.
147
MlCtOCOW ItSOLUTION TIST CHAIT
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
^ APPUEO [IVMGE
^^^ leSJ East Mgin SI'h)
S^|S Rocheiler, New York 1*609 US/
^^ (716) *82 - OJOO - Phone
S^S ("S) 2B8 - 59S9 - Fa.
e of)
ASSIGNMENTS
Auicnment of Account
In consMeratlon ot Ooe D.,ll.r. value received. I Ureby >ell and
°T,l',° 'i "■ '^' '^°'° "" *'"■''' I"""". «l'lih Is Junlr due from the
within George Sanders, and I hereby authorise the said W. C Cole
to lollert the pame.
Toronto. M.roh 10. ,9.... j^„„ „^^^^^
Aa8i(iiment of Hortgaga
Knoio oil Men ftj ihae PrcnenD, That I, William Bower, the wlthlu
named mortgagee, for a consideration of Six Hundred Dollars hereby
as,,lgn transfer, and set over to Henry Kllngman. bis heirs and assign,
the .ithln named Instrument of mortgage, and all the real estate wllb
sppurtenances therein mentioned and describe*, to have and to bold the
same foroier. subject, nevertheless, to the c,ulty and right of redemp-
tion ot the within named James Yundt. his beiri and assigns therein
In witness whereof, the party of the first part has hereunto set his
hand and seal this fifth day of April, A. D. 19... '
^ , . , , William Bower, [seal]
Sealed and delivered In presence (
EuwAMn Miller.
This should be .ipknowledgetl and recorded same place as
mortgage.
Amipiment with Power of Attorney
In consideration of the sum of One Thousand Dollars (the receipt
of which Is hereby acknowledged!. I do hereby assign, transler, and set
over to Martin Scott (of Chicago, 111.) all my right, title, and Interest
in and to [here deaertbe wlu.q. And I hereby constitute said Martin
Scott my attorney. In my name or otherwise, but at bl« own costs and
ihurgea. to take all legal measures which may bo proper or ueceesary
for the complete recovery and enloymcnt of the premises.
Wltnes, my hand and leal this twentieth day of January A D 19
(Witnesses,) „ , '
HK.VRY LONQ,
Assignment for the Benefit of Creditors
Knoto all Men bj, Thene Presents, That whereas I. William Colerage.
merchant ol the city of Montreal, and Province ol Quebec, am Indebted
to various persons In considerable sun.., of money, which I am at pr™
ent unable to pay In full, and being desirous to convey all my property
for tb, benefit of my creditors, without preference or priority other
than that provided by law :
Now. therefore. I. In consideration of the premises, and of the sum
il fc t. ''°"",''"J;'< '" ,■"« ^1 Ohas. Watson, ol said city and Province
do hereby grant, bargain. Bell, assign, and convey unto the saldcbas
148
William Colebaob. [sial]
BAIL
rniirvini only .uch Drooenv n tl L-ll.S V ""!■ .!>•• •«™plliiB .nd
To have and to h„]H "h. "rapljd by la> from altathmenl.
and co„flde„"'',„'°„'^?'t„fdl.pZ°„r,h'J" "h''' "?"■ '«'"'»'°' '"""■'
'or ca.h upon ,„,h <.m. and fondlHon. a. tf l,"" 3"" P"'"""' •«■'•
W... and app,, ,h. proce^l." in S'tC .'^ In'ani'.r!"'.'^"' ""' "^"'
"'""t!«Ji'Zi:L::titi\v.^! "" '"■ " «■• "i" '"™"»"
•h,oh he „., ow„ ra^eaS>,'';n*rrop"."'lo;"; .t'l/'rl.Srv/llif ""'"
if ,l°"t, ?.:,":» z ;"id 'o™'?.'^ °' "■• ^•""^ " '"^ »"•".
or aoign.. " """■ °'" '» ■»'■ »>■ "ecnlor.. adminialralor.!
«flJmhlrof P'obr""^, Lo'!"l !""""•" •" ">■ ''"°'' •"■■ '-l "■'■
Executed and delivered
in .the presence of
.tohn mvkhs,
Hknrv Best.
caslr ' '' '" "'^'enments vary In different
BAIL
DefliUUoiL-Ball I, a bond or recognizance given for an-
other's appearance in court. It I, required In criminal cases
generally and 1.. certain civil cases such as RepTevin The
term ball Is applied also to the sureties themsej^r and to
o"th"rp";i:"c,;r^ '"^ "-- "■^■""- - '- --™-°
riz: "•,?i:esre"'" '-"' "-^ ^~"' "■ " -'"-'• -
Ball B«nd.-The bond given by the sureties Is termed a
recognizance and In case the prisoner does not appear for
trial, or forfeits his ball, as It Is termed, the sureties have
to m Whatever sum Is pledged In the bail bond o recog
149
BAILMENTS
Fonn of Ball Bond or BMsogniuaco
Pbuvihoi of Ohtabiu.
County of York.
•U ol Aurora, 1„ ..i dloumv °nd H™?;?' "•'J"'? ."ll «^"l' St.ilK.ll,
Heir ,o«d. .ad .l,.,,.!., Uad. .?d Mi'^,'''"' "''"''"• " •* '•'«'' "'
NovltrX.l!:* 19'"7,^."°bt°.h?T„"d ^''»'?' r ■■■■■• -"■' "'J •'
Brown, . i„.,le, „, Ui. p..™"'^;''' l"", "•'"'°"' '" ".' >*'"• John
•nc. to .«„„ ,0 .»ld ch,r„ k™ ,K ^ providfd, tor hli app«,r-
county, on ,h« ninth d.y „f D,ei'; An'^'.o'''"' ?'/""!■?■ 1° '"I''
then «nd thm to oniwer to ih. ..ij ' . ' . '*■• *' '"'' o'clock, a.m.,
••Id ch.r,,. ,„| lm",l,l ord.r Tf''j°' "■" <'"■'"'" of Ont.rio, „„
d.p.ri the „„, wllCn, l..;;"",',,"''. 'h"'','?".!:'."' "I" 'Ourl, .nd not
,, A. wit.™ „„, i.„d. .., „,^, ,j,. ,^__,^ ^_^ ^^ ^■'^■'^21 ^^
ChABLC. SMBERT." rsCAL.]
r«A>rit Staxtok. Cmal.]
HotS?: i"D.'^»'°^ "' «kf»lrfBd bctor. m. ,hl. ,e„,h d., of
JOHN BEOWS.
Justice of Peace.
Jn^«,m. ce. the recognizance, m.y be oral in open
BAILMENTS
B.B*rtt«»._BalIment le a delivery of good, or money by
rLthr:.rex«:r"^' " ""■'"^*' "■■" "^ '-■' ■"»»
termeTL"! .T"*'"^^"^ o'"'^-- »' '"e good, balled 1.
orT^^"; tbeTaiier" "■" '"""' *° -""' '"'^ "« """'-'O
Tie Ee.p<„ribIUHe8 of B.fl«, i. g„Te„ea ^y ^.^ ^„„^
160
BAILMENTS
eration w/ielher, in the case of the thing bailed, they have
been gu.lty „f ordinary neglect, gross* neglect or slight
neglect. Ordinary neglect is the omission of *h«t care „Mch
every n,.„ „f common prudence takes of his ow, co„« ns
Gross neglect .s want of that care which every man o TrnJ
erty. Shght neglect is the omission of that diligence which
every circumspect and thoughtful person uses in secC^z
his own goods and chattels. ' securing
hpn"' ^'^V 9^'"^'^ "'« '"W of bailments are: 1 A
s't oni;foT"' "° '^r"' '™-" "' undertaking is respon
flt from ,rh T\ '•• "" """"^ "'■° "'°"» -^"'- "ene-
m from the bailment, is responsible for slight neglect 3
Ira :er"fLT"V' "'"^"t' '" •"■"■ P"'"" ''<> ^«"-
ranvb«Tl/.f'''"°7 ""*''"'• '*■ A special agreement
5 All hill ""''""' '"'■ "'"'■' ""■ ^''''' '' ■" general valid.
«,n„„Kl, f "^ answerable for actual fraud, even
WeffrfL''T™'^''ff!'P"'»'''^- «• No bailee is chargla-
A S^°T' "" "" i' ■•"^Pon'Sl'le for slight negligence.
fn7.rT^^' •°!"' "''° "™''"' P'ods or money to be kept
^s"'Lgle'c" ""'■™' " "'"''""'™^'' '^ -P™-"" ""'y f»^
A Carrier of goods or money without reward is resnons!
A Mv^r::,"^f '*' "^ ''^»''"' of good ^i h. ' """
»b* S'rrdin";:^'nU:ct'"''' "^ '""'' ^ ^"'"' *» -™"-
^trrhistrii;*"'- ""<■ -'^ » ^-ee-otirif
vin^ "•"!** ^?'?°" Bwponnible for losses by casualty or
law^Tdemrnd.''-'- ''''"•" '" "'"^ ">« t-injbailed.'^n"
kefnTT "* =^" »'•'' answerable in all events, if they
keep the things borrowed or hired after the stipulated time
or use them differently from their agreement '
151
BANKRUPTCY
OepodtoriM ud Pawnera are answerable, in all events, if
lliey use the things deposited or pawned.
Iaiikeeiwn.-An innkeeper is responsible for the nets of
ins d.miestios, and for thefts, and is bound to tak^ nil pos-
sible care of Hie j;oods of his guests. He is regarded as an
insurer, re»|K)n»ible for an.v injury or loss, not caused liv the
oi't of Oorl. the King's enemies, or neglect or fault of the
owner. When, however, a guest has the exclusive keeping
and occupancy of a room, the inkeeper is not liable, nor
where the guest takes upon himself the care of the goods,
or neglects to use ordinary caution.
WanliaiiMinen are bound only to take reasonable and
ordinary care of the goods deposited with them. Thus,
Ihey would not be liable for thefts, or for loss or injuries
caused by rats, unless occasioned by their want of proper
care, etc. Their liability coramenres as soon as the goods
arrive and the crane of the warehouse is used to hoist them
in, and it terminates the moment they leave his premises.
J he warehouseman's liability is usuallv fixed or limited by
receipts which they give for the goods deposited, and which
pass from hand to hand by assignment. See Warehousing.
Wharflnger>.-A wharfinger is one who keeps a wharf for
the purpose of receiving fools on hire. His responsibility is
similar to that of a .iarehousemiin,
BANKRUPTCY
There is no general bankruptcy legislation in Canada
as yet. By the British North America Act legislation ol
this kind must be passed by the Dominion Parliament.
The Provincial Legislatures have no authority. Such
Legislatures may, however, pass regulations governing the
voluntary assignments by individuals or corporations. Most
of them have done so and the references in this book to
assignments tor the benefit ol creditors cover the greater
part of the legislation now in force so (or as its general
application is concerned.
PARTNI£K!illIP
PARTNERSHIP
A portnerahip exists when Uvo or more pcrsuiw combine
heir ,,io,».rt.v, their labor, their skill, or all of these in
bMiness, to share the gains and losses in certain propor-
The rim is the name, style or title under wliieh the part-
ners do msniess, and also means the partners themselves
taken eoleet.vely. The firm name should be set forth in
the artlelea.
DIFPEEBNT KINDS OF PAETKEESHIP
A General Partnership is instituted between individuals
If they nKj-ee to er.ter into a general or particular business, "
to share the profits and losses together without flxing anv
limitaln>ns or conditions.
A Special or Limited Partnership is on agreement entered
into to allow a special partner, whose name does not appear
in thot of the Arm, to put in a limited amouni of capital
and to receive a corresponding share of the prolits, and be
held correspondingly responsible for the contracts of the
firm, but only to the extent of the capital contributed bv
mm. and no special partner can interfere in or transact
firm business. A special or limited partnership agreement
or certificate must generally be acknowledged or sworn to
and recorded.
Such partnerships were unknown to the common law. and
the limitation of liability is secured in this country odv
by strict compliance with the particular reqnirements'of the
statutes of the sceral Provincsa o.- States.
The statutes generally require such a partnershii. to be de-
fined in a certificate, ocknowledged like a deed, which must
set forth the firm name, nature of business, names of .r,,n-
eral and special partners, distinguished as such, and "the
amount which -.a.-i, special pnil-ier contribules
An Ostensible Partner is one who is known as such to the
world.
A Set^et Partner is one who is not openly or generally so
declared. He ,s not liable for debts contracted after' hi,
retirement, although he has given no notice of the same.
15.1
PAKTNEKBUIP
A Donunt or 8U.nt P.rtiier i, on« who takes no part in
profit, rfT" "" ""'"l"' '"" ''"-''"■'»' •"" """«»» 'h«
profits ami losses accordinsj to certain agreements
A KomtoU P«rtii.r is l.eld out to the world as sneh with-
buLess" '' •>''"'"P''"»8 "' 'I- rrofll. and loases of Z
HOW PABTNEBSmPS ABE FOBHED
All persons who are lef-ally eompetent to do business for
themselves may enter into partnership.
n,fnt''r''^"T'''P"'?^ ^ '°™""' "-y » °"« ""'"'1 «P-ee-
ment and stand in law, but a written agreement is the only
safe one and he who neglects it will doubtless have reason
to regret it later.
The parties may agree as the.v please as to sharing profits
^ra vT ?"' '"•,!'"' "^""^ "' ""'■"*' '" P'-"^'^ 'h« ™"-
losse^s equan" " "'"""" ""' '""^""' """ P"*" »"■*
The articles of agreement should be drawn up with spe-
cial care in writing the details of conditions, liabilities a^ul
proportionate share of profits or loss fully siated
.M^", *""-.I,° ^"?»^« » ""ited partnership i. not con-
.h1n^„ ,T "■ '." T'"?.** '■ "'«*• "■"' « e™«»l partner,
ship must he registered withm a definite time, under penalty.
from a fl™T/°lf""T''"-^''''™ » P""*"" -"W™'™
from a flrai, bnt allows his name to be nsed as before, or if
Zu7 .^-V^"' '" ' """• '" *'"'" ""' ''« i» h^'d respon-
sible to third persons as a partner provided such third per-
son has given the credit on the faith thereof.
Suing Partuer..-It is generally supposed that one part-
ner cannot sue another. This is not wholly true. A partner
can sue for a bahnice due him after settlement of ge"erll
accounts or for a balance due him on some specific aSnt
or for a balance due him on some specific account. It is
howe^r best to appeal to a court of equit.v, for that court'
can do for partnership what the law cannot do.
DISSOLUTION or PABTNEBSHIP
A partnership may be dissolved by mutual consent, by ex-
piration of predetermined time, by death of one of the part-
15i
PAHTNEHsh'P
one partner „,..i„."7h/^:^, „r In'n ."" ""'"■""^'b- ot
o-" agr..en,ent, but he muTJ ' , t """""""* '" "" ""■""^l^"
to lh» other partner ^ "' """™ "^ <>'" i'"'"''""
he i» 'res^nlJble : th fit f^r'd''™" "' "" 1""^' "■"
breach of hi, promise '»'" """"^ l-y "■"
s:r "-^ ""^ -'^ - -.d- ararj:«:i7fe
the creditor, of "he Arm a„^^ "'f!" '" T"' '» ^«'' ""e of
Whom the part„e™hi?,™„rL*"l7,^™-'P->na with
antSHe^'oT^Tb^lS b^".r"' ^"'^ ""^ '""""' «™
-^^:^J^:d^S;^^r'— -^^^
Hie o.„ pe.o;:-'tt:.^,i:t7rif L-'ottuir'"^'' '-
Liability of the Several Partner. -For tt
=7,t arthi^tTe^r^"^'-?- -^^^^^^^^^
eponsibie for a J^ o1 t^u^^d rtn^C'd^bt':''^ ^'-
155
PARTNEII8UIP
bdlTidiul Dtbti Of TKtam.-lt a partner hu individual
dfbtn, tliiMi Ills iiilori'St in tlio Hmi u licid renpnniiible lor
llwm. ul'i.T llie ilehta i>f lliu (inn have been paid. Tlie lia-
bililKM „f (In. Him, however, alwaya have tho Hr»t claim
upon i(.^ own proper(y.
LiabUitiH of a How Putaw,— A now partner is noi re-
Bporisili' for (li'li(H of tho firm contracted by tho snmo jire-
viourt t>, his tidinisttion.
Bellini of a Partnai'i Intereet— No partner con kcII his in-
IcrcBt (.1 un on(«ide party, in order to have him take lii«
pliicc, wilhont the consent oi' the other pa-tner.
Anthorlty of Partnerc after the PartnenUp la DiuolTed.
—After dit-solntion each partner has the right to settle np
the hnsine-s, nnless tlie partners a(-rce otherwise and (rive
due notice thereof. He can, however, create no new obli-
cntions. hut only settle np the old ones. The statnte law of
(ho .State should be inrefully complied with in this resiiect.
The followinj; forms will seive ns models for drawing up
articles of copartnership:
Articles of Ooputneiihip
Arllclrfi n/ .lorrrmr.il iniide and rnncludcd lhl« Irit day or Janu-
ary. In Ihc year A, li one thouaand nine hundred and Tour, betwMa
Heury R Raym.T, „r Ihr Bi-sl part, aa.l r.)m ., U. Wc.rnr.r o( th« «ec
ma Mit. Iiotli o( tlie Oltr ol Hamlllon. In tt , Oouatr of Wentwortn. ma
rrovlncc of Ontaiio.
Thi. lal.l f.artl,.. have acreH l.i aasorla thfm.rlv™ sa copartncra lor
thf 1 urno,e ol ...rrvl,.,.- o„ the Dm. r.l I , Ci„, ,|s Bu.lnw. at No. at
Olevelaii.l Ai-c-nui.. In the i ity ol Ham ii aloro.akl.
1. The naino. litk-. and stylo ol .u^ n partnerahl,, ,hail b'e r ly.
m«r i Werner and It ..bnll continue three yeara troni dalo hereof ex
cent In ca.o of the death o( either or the aald partner, within' the
i^aid term.
2. That the >.ald Henry Kaymer rontrlhutea Sli Thousand Dollara
(JB.OOO) and the raid Chaa. Werner T»o Thousand nollar. U2 0UO)
3. All the net prollls arlslnj out o( the hualnes.. ahall bo divided In
Ihe rollowing proportion.: Three.nurth., to the .aid Raymer and one-
fourth to the said Werner.
4. That book, of amunt ahall be kept. In wbleh .ball be entered a
full and exait aecount ot all purchaae.. .ales, tranaactlona and ac-
counts of „la Orm, and which .hall alwaya be open to the In.pectlon
oc both partlc. and their lejal repreacntatlve. reipecUvely.
ISii
'ARTNiaaiup
•nd ye„ .b„v. ,«.,.„:• " '"'"' """"'» ■«> our h.„,|, „„ «^ ,„ j,^
*rticl»i o( Limited Putuniiin
Hmry n. Buyiner I. to ^.h. ? ' '"'' ™°""M throe yt.„ "
manner, to »how aU tj,e pJ-^SMnlrT^, '•°°''" •" ^'-""nt. fr, a pn.n.r
examination to mrIH wJ_„ ^ tranNjictlnna. which ««. »« i Pr^'PT
1S7
rAHTNcicsair
OwtUuu at Uaifi rutawtUp
,uiJI™ ,". J* "■""'• '^•' '"• "'"'•"lf»«l hiT.. inmnM M um pnf
1^ .tan,", u , °' '"*" """" '" "" •"""• '"•' " I" •" >» ™>»lti«rt
con.r ,?,m'H Ti "^'K""> l™nnT: lllat in,- «,,.. <T,„|™ B. W.nirr h«
K,»k inrt ,i"'.'T.°' """' '" ""'"' •■"""" "" ■■•"""' '™«"' ""• '•"""noo
M'JSi V ,'' "■""'"""I' I" '" "">•> ™ the Ilr.. d,r o( May, A. ft
Ditcd thU firit day o( Uay. 1004.
KtM> In Ih. Prj>mrenl WMiiAM Loumu.! H„„ r, „,,„
Notary Public.
PMVINrt or OlTTARin. t ,
County 01 Wtnlwortli /■■•
ClaiLii b. WuMu.
.•^,r«l .h.^' '1"" ''"°*" '° ■" "" '"■'"•Iduala dB,rrll»d In and «ho
«SIl!d tho'iSil ^"' ""' ""*' *••"*"' "'°<'»'«i««l "«l 'b'T
,,-^1 William T^nnitiinER,
'^^ Aolaiy PubUo.
IMiMhitioB of rutnonhlp
-.r.^!,'!! f"*'"*""'* ■•" mutually aim that the wllhin mmtlonrt part.
Kttl.™; ih^l '."" """•"""' ■>' 'I" """h". the™ .Sd^n ,uS
•ettlenunt wholly to erase and terminate.
dw'ot JMu'SyTJ^i'' "■' ■"" '"""°'° "" "^ "•"■'" •"" «•" "■" "«
Hbwrt R. Ratmch, [seal]
eined. .«M. lutd ddlwed , '^"- ^ """"• '•'"l
in presence of f
Fred Porter,
Allen Morten.
Xotle* of DUiehitton
Notlc« li bereby glren thit the partnerfthtp heretoforr eslBtini.' hetweeo
Henry R. R^Tmersnd ChM. B. Werner of Hemllton. Oi.t;iii(>. uiidi-r the ftrm
Dtme of Hiymer A Werner, !■ this li»t dijr o( January. Vm.% disM.lved b*
nuituil content,
Hrnby r. Ravmkr.
Chah. B. Wikneb.
The bualneu will be coDtioued it Hamilton by Henry R. Kaymer. wbo
Is authorized to aettle tbe aftaira of the said firm.
Hamilton, January 1 1906.
168
COMPANY LAW
...- .. ..„» ^ „.„„„„ ^';;~« ,•; »•
it. contract. T^p"!" „, " """ "" '" •"'■' "■»■>
tribute to ,t. ...1 a™". ."^ .t.".', ':: n""""" '" ™-
It cannot be miiiv «/ " * '" «<>"m«« SMi » thereto,
only ."°i twer" Lh °fZ"" •*"■"' "« i*™"- " ha,
p...../:rera„rLuX%r;rvr: ^^ -''"-
on co.p„anee „,th the re.u.reLnt, oJ tbe let. "'™™""""'
159
COMPANY LAW.
•like that . rtort de.cript"on of anv '"" "" '" """^'■
to explain the generaT Drt„",° ^ °""' "' """" '» """"^'ent
the others. The al"l ',^r 'J'" """ "'""•"""' "' "»'='' -t
Alberta. The p"v"b"L ', r „ «^ *^"'«««*«<'«n. and
take ..ewhat7rnr4-ero1.S'r':,.t*•/"-
tha?'flve" peton:' IL'ttTtr " "'"""■• ''^"^ -^ »<" >™'
.bjee., J wmcrtt^orpLrrr :»"'?''"'■' ■»-• "■»
Ptaee within Ontario wher^fho h, h «. '""-'■Wted, the
to be, the a^ount^? the ^.I.T.J;!' °' 'k" """""'^ '^
the name and place of re.M.n ' """"^^ "' «'"'«!".
.ppllea.... anHhe Ir "o? hre'ort'h"'''""" "' '^"^ "' "■»
to be the pr«Thl„,al director, shall L"'"'"" *'"' "'
lleutenant-OoTernor, askirr; .h P^ented to the
incorporation. C^oM^^l,*'"' ^""" °' ' =""'" •"
lneorporat.J upon ^^ "' ,"" »*"* '••"•-I- may also he
stating the proposed cor ,o™Te nam T. "'"'" '" "'"'"'""'•
prison Which are "not carr cd „„ tr V. ''"•"' '"•«"-
"e usually Incorporated »^,h .. """"^ »' Win,"
CMtallzed comp.17 ect .ieirdlr^T'"" '"•"" "">"""
™pltall«d companies may e eet thlT^" "'■°"'^- >»«■
»' mr,, or for life. The Wwi! ■.?".'"" '" ' ''""
^'t says, "any three or more „ "'"' *"""''' <'»>"P«"le»
'awful purpose except for ,rr"°"' ««»oclated for any
or trust elpan;, Tay by :„K ™f''™ "' " '^"^""^^ ""'"
stoe. company, t:' la" ry^f'"™ l"' h"™'""""' " '""^^
«ed" either to the .J^ ! members may be "Um.
tbem, or to^s,! htorrt^r"'" "" "^ ''-"' -"" "^
may fix. The -»,emold„„ 7"°™""™ <" association
") thenameof troproZ" """""tlo-- m„st state
wbich it la esubii h '7;' tit:- [': "■■' ""J"'* '-
^0. <3) a dectaretloD" stating the
COMPANY LAW,
linltoUo. of the ItaMlit, o( the member,, u^ ,u
ot the capital stock and the ^.Ts * "" *"■""■"
(S) the time o, „, „„ ^,^^ exWeocr n-H ■" """"'■ """
must be the last word „ ."e 'ami T '""''' """"e*"
Thle memorandum ot a« ociatZ mn .T"'' ".""""' """"'■-^•
He»I«t«r of Jol„, StoTcom™„u! "VS'stered with the
ei«H.«- must al». ^',.1" "d Jv',". "'"''"■"' "' "»'«•
'he memorandum, and muet "rfltd^ '^ r """"^ ''"""'
In most ot the provinces Inm. o, , memorandum.
'noorporated h/ Letters Pat„\rr.h°""""'" "^''°°' "^
working of railways, or for the h , '^-■"ruction and
durance nor for a Ir ,st and Man h "''' °' '"'"'""« "■■ '-
■•eQUlrod for those pu ose" and .„?',■ '* """""' '*" '»
Of Bani,. There Is no hT. ,f »»""»'«» Act In the case
specially author" Ingthe Cm " n '"'" '""''' ^""'« *«
companies (other than foXnl, "'"'''"' '" '"™^"''™"'
"Joint stock corapanle. Act • B^^ ""?'"''"■ " '" ""= »
exclusive authority of the Parl.-n^ !'°"°° " ^"^^ '"« 'ho
to all matters relatUg to^Cr" h""^""'""' ^''«" ''«™''
"on," "shipping... "hfnlg'Thc'^.Tssu'""'';""'" ■■-"'"^-
and "savings banks.- and :: !, '""•"' "' I«Per money,"
'-- "for the peace, irder Td Id""""^"^' '^ '"^™ '" ■"''^»
I'nder the authority „, the soeM- ^°™™"''"' of Canada."
I'arltameB. has Passed a ll'rr\'''r''™''''' "■" "»""»'»»
ingforthelncor^ralonof com™? ?""'*"'^'' -»•■«• "■■'•vid-
" petition signed by any flr„rm" '" ''"^^' ■""™'. "Hon
na-e Of tSo Proposed eomtnya^dthe'TbT'; ^r"^ ""■
" Is to be Incorporated etc Th„ . . ^""^ '°' *hlch
tion and manage„,erof ra.llays '^ "7 ."' "■" ™""--
loan companies, and telegrrnh an. . , v."^'"*' "■s-'ance.
eluded from the DonHnlonTom,.a"t .T""" """■ "' «-
objects are to earrv on "ueh M "'■ Companies whose
. »mi.l Ae, fromtheVJr am™.";?"^'"'^' »-' °''""■'
r;::^-/cr """-' --—-r'-cirnrj;
'u":oCr.\S7hari:'r:; 7-^- "^^*™ p--
the province,, to r g,s L and ob, f """ '"™^'"'™'»'' ">
P-aela, government to do^tstr w'tlllrre r^nt
161
COMPANY LiW.
o°r'ote7ar„ror :";;?"%"""" '-'■ '<*" "■ ••'»
» provincial charter P™'"™"/ amount to obtaining
or^rorsTrr-oVriro?' -^ ■" "- -""--
created, except by the -coLl,- of theT?™ *""" " "
.t wishes to carry „„ Its bTl'ess ""' *'"'"' *"""
;^eX:^t:^rr:::::-i-.;:^rr;~-
an. in ease o, -,'^',.3. ::Z^'jL^X'\rr""'
terms may be varied. created by charter, the
BROKERS
net t"'oTh::s""„r:,:„:,n°c ", rr^- '° '«— ' "--
and brln. the™ Ct^'TZ^: Z'ZrTr '""' "=""»
act for them the business of Tni, k ''"S'^'"^. or to trans-
kc is regarded as rmrddleman ", "'*-''"'' '°'''''*- '-""■
between the principals on hoT'.H "■'"""«""'« "sKotlator
ducted by him. '" '""" "' '^« "egoUatiou con-
cU^cs'.le'o'rdfn^trtrnrrofX'''^'''''' '■'"' ^"'"•'-'
deal. ^ """""""'» property In which they
merchandise, for Xrs """ '""^''^' "'«»"' "
«r.trii:tr -'■aidrr\"'' ™"^ -'■"='-'^-
on real estate tor others "" '""" ■"■ ""'«»*«»
Pro'cuJ^t f.rtsT.c''"' *"" '"^ """=""' -^ »'» "' vessels.
COMMISSION MEBC1IA.VT8
"'XoTZ ""' "" ■'" '■" "-"■ ">" »'»c. „, ^.,.
MEKCHASDISE BROKER'S FORXS
*en,«r,«d„„ f b. Gl«n ,« ,*. s,„„.
Huiu. Whit.. Ludlow t Co Monlr,»l. Durember 10 10
«• h "'■ ''"°"" *• " " "
Mkrbiam ft CMAPiN. Brokem
Memonmrfxim to be Glren to the Buyer
Mh. William Holswohth Winnipeg, Decpmber 10 19
450 22d St. '
.o.,n/:'l!;5„^-^J»s.a^rJ;°"A,'rB™^c^"r^,? ""•• "- '»'■
MUUOAU t, CBAPIN, Broken.
CORPORATIONS
A CorponUon Ib a body created hv low
dlvlduala united under a common nl^' ™°"»»»'' <" l-
taln powers and function. a^r„ . ' """"'** """ =""
of member,, ao tbat he L/v- " "" "' " ""~''»»">»
— . tbe <^^r.:T^rLz^\z\Tz:'ir-
i.ry «' aat, m,r,",*S'"'iCi'„ir>' '■'' "'"' """ppii ..o„To \Z Z'"'-
lion tJI "'"""'y o' each provinre a< In Ihi '^ f obtained from tbf
.'"Ee^.J^^i'^r"'"""" '«■ "' -"- •» Se'^c'aSf i'.'eS'ir.t 'ji.^'K
"""A'^St'^r''''™''^"''™"' '"''°'"'"' ""■ "■""" "" "-""-
e.lM'".b?;oa.rv'.,'r'' ■• '"• •"■■"■r «.«.e"<."'.'r'e..b .h.„; „ i. .,„
CORPORATIONS
value, above par, or a !Z.7l""' ""T ''" «' "'«''' "™i""l
and below par ^,e„ th ,v ^11^"^' "'"" ""y ^'^ '"'^ ■"»«.
tain per eent ™ the „" , " "* '' compnled at a eer-
Prehrred Stoci LTC J""'"/' ™''"' ■"' "'= »''"-'
fo»ec,,re8„„e,,i,lJatio„rffh '"'' ''°''' ^"'" '"■■>?"'>• »■•
"■enee of the ,mlin,frv <»"-P"ratio„ and take, pref-
•l-"d, or princ na rin^""" 'Tr °" '*'"'' ''"'" "' '" J"!-
l-W-s are u^ualt'e ,i :< ° ''-'"dalion) or bo,,,, and tl,.
■"i-- or autboS t.t7s Trr'""™ '"' """■'«'■ "^
a «>vpor„, e^,;: :,^':" "V"''"™' "> '--e what is ealled
''ea.i..s some ;riee r " ■ .°"'" ," °'°" '"'^™"'' «""»P
taehed to ee.tai, written LV , '■<'fl""-ed to be at-
Pomtio,,. Its ,"e"n,^t ""■'"" ."•"""'""■'' •■■■*■ ">" "-or-
transactions, bu only 1^ tr''™""-^ '" "'"""'■J' h-^iness
-;.. ..eb as dej;;^:,ix— ^- j: -'™'' '■""™-
"rapany is in™,porale,l r'Lu. u "'''"" "''"■'■ *'""
■K'f *,^^„''f .^ft',t^ ™'""™.'/''" r-^ "^ "'"-""-^ "■•
>"'- i» -rveV o," s'h f"t'l,:""'-'- J'""""i« "r s.nn-
law .nav i-resei-ibe exeentive ofHcers as the
i» V"T1 "'"' '^ '""' "P"" '>•'■-" -^ «r.ai„ dividend
164
CORPOBATIONS
times the chartar of a coZr^Lff t- .""""P"""""- Some-
dvidend exceeding a ee;.r;rce„r„f, he -^ '"'r"^ "' "
"water" the stock that f» il n>».v find it desirable to
"■"ease in the nutber „f sl.To/:'''"'™''' Z'"'™^- ""»
rentage of dividend, a tI?o„^l, h„ •^'""•*« "d"™" M,e per-
gate, is seeured to' n.e "tLlIi'lder?" """'' *" "'" "«^-
Limited Ltobllity of Sharehold.™ A u .
joint sf kcompanyisonlTlIabler;^-, '"'""''«■• '" «
o( »t«« he has subscribed tor !,^h'^" to the amount
by bad management the stockholder! i '^™'P»°J' »« w™ked
o the stock they subscribed for b, Zb"^'- *? ""■ "'«"'
al»o that of Newfoundland and tie Yuko^ I^ommion Act, and
every joint stock company shall h.™^*' " " '^"'"^ """
"Umited" after it on t'he 'utsfde 'nts oV""' ","" '^^ ""••
ness. This word "Limited" in ,^°' "*.°*™ "' Place ol busi-
name is notice to the public r^^Z."°''.""''""<'<»"Pany'«
of its shareholders. ««Pectmg the limited liability
Dluolutioa of Joint Stock f-«_— .
becomes insolvent, acred' tor, «ttr'-7^*° » ^-nP'-y
alter lour days- notice to thlco^'"" "'-'"»""'«■' sV
court in the Province where th^^^L^^'J"*^. "PP'^ "> the
winding-up order. If the cLn. °®™ " »""«te for a
the court will cause iLreSLToT ""^ "PP'-^'on,
order „ granted or relusedTh/^™.*" \"""^^ ''^'»'-e the
up order, „n.y appoi„, o^e or m^r^"^'" "■"""« the winding,
of the company. IheloZT '"J""'«'°rs of the effects
carrying on its b'usinesseSrth"'??' ■^" «"»<' '"">
the interest of the oreditora. * '■qnidatora permit in
When dissolved, the debts nf ti
out of the assets, and whit rem»? "T"'^""" ""•' ' ' Pa"
among the stockholders ' '"^°"'' "■»' vided
oth?rV?d?s^„troL: ""■" ''■'"^ "''-■''•" - in
corporations, are"'^:i,f /;;r,r"The'1'™!;''^ »'"' °"'"
stock exchanges perform a number of „sef„, f„ne.ions,
I6S
r
CORPOBATIONS
only a lew of which can be indicated hew Tl,. l. j .
.leale« And it convenient, if not „ece»sa ' L Lf„ ^^ °'
report of an incjll 1 ™ """'"*' "" '"^">^^ »''»™. •!■«
the concern often hZ t"f°'' '" """ -"P"' " '"<^'' '"
ciation in .k. , ^ ''''°"* »" ""''"« citation or depre-
b oC„'r"d aeri^ h "'"%"" '" T"^'"™- ^he atock-
»ha«, freeiv "d tht^ f^l" "■''"' confidence aells hia
.lona, Pani/h:t:^l:^r LrthTa^-ear: "fL"" ""-
.4p;ri^---^oS:;..^,X,^
the''!^r7l'^n*f''°"' "t"y "P*"'''""' ■» »" organization for
"=?l^iH£Ir^=--^--
.iveiy, cWtirca.rr„: ir ffret'?h tiut"'t''r.' "r-
parted with their stod- ,r,^ Jk although they have
fey are still entltlef co dlid endsT ?o° tht' ^1,'"* ?"T'
profits uiviaenas, or to their share in the
166
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
COMMISSION MERCHANTS
such business Is usually conducted
responsible to hi, principal for any loss that may result
When left to exercise his own Judgment, he Is not resnon-
sib le for any loss that may result from making a mlstal^
£5 ::.^rrr-sr,:: -----::
.^:d'^"ttrr::\^-T^-t^^^
167
OOMMlasiON HEKCHANTa
But If to „, way be br«k. hi. contr«rt, h. lo«. u. dUm
to u]r oommiMlon on that tnouoUon.
Onanmtj C«»h,|„^_eoinetlm.. th. eommlulon !• br
Mr«m«,t. m,de to r»r.at.. p.,m.nt by th. p.rt"" .Lorn
ownn?".."!"'" '" '""' •*••■ ■■• " "-wn.lb.. t^ tt"
owner If the buyer doea not p«y.
in^.hl"'*'^'^""'"'"' "" «"»°""lon merchMt .drance.
of what he think, the good, are worth
comml.,lon. from what he realite. from the rule.
and'jTk.' m" *"T''-"" ■"•"""irol «■> "voke hi. authortty
lm\T """"■"" •"'' "''™"« "• "" """i the good,
unui his expense, or outlay, are made good
The rule In law 1.: A commission merchant has a right
,?„H,T "T^" "' "• Pr'o«lPars which are to hi. hand
rr M^ ," .? ■""" '" "«'■"'""'■'. "ivances and expen...
due him from the owner.
By this general Hen he can keep any goods, whether th.
debt arose In connection with them or with other..
kn!tnT.h** ^' "'^f'-" '"e owner of the good. 1. m«le
known to the buyer, then the commission merchant assume.
In ireneral no re.ponslblllty hlmwlf, but If he say. nothing
about Who own. the good., or .ell. them a. his own, acting
as Principal, h. asiumes all the respon.Iblllty of the prin-
168
PART VI
Wills, Taxes, How to Collect
Debts, Public Schools, etc.
IMJ HON. JU3nCE J J. MACLAREN. B. A . u. d, B C L. D C L
,.
WILLS
BrT« POE WMTWO A WOL
will to oar^ out i,' n^^l'"''"'''' " °"" »PP"'"'«<1 by tl,^
femimne JJIlf life C n"rcu.ri,'''*Ar.r'"''-. "'"
i« B person Biinointeil hv iho """"'"t' An aUniini.tnitor
wh.n there "i Twill "^ """*■■ "''"" "• *""« ""e estate
i-"Tui!;7^ ":ft ':»!^-;f «r "'™ "f -'■""
will -hould, lumever bl itaZ J^ f*',"", ""'"'"'°"'' "^ "
ply wkli the provi,ion, otihVlZ'i. ^ '"'"" '" ™"'-
ly -utTa r i::^ s -/, "" 'r'-'- —'/^ iimet.
".. word«. "Bei,7o, Zft^ '.^-li """^ ■""^ <» fo"owed by
"Ufflciently de" criLd „ i-1 "'''!'"■<•"' I*n.on,, they ,hould be
wbere it all r ,e" ,„ one Ij:!;'*' ""^ '"«"»«?"«'' then,; but
'lueall, all my ™al estate to ' ' .?-"''"l' ^'T' »» "I ^■
■•Hnd^denHliS trTr "'.^'' '^'"'' "^ '" ''-'■"'»<' ■"- '^
bequest of ante rtato^r"« r ' f"* "■"" ""y >■« "^ general
language. "^ " ''""°""' "■'''l^rty made in general
«e'^ri„t'?i.i°:h'^„;r„^t::p'""-'"™ -"" "^ ■*-'-'' ■'"
qaeathed in accordance ,uh he fr""?'.*""' *■"'""»">' " "e-
tl.e testator was resicLn^ "' ">" P-vince wherein
..f ^JlSr^'TTetruifit' ■" 'i:r"r^ -" "- -'""™
II- '"statorand thor^S^S v'und'Z M-' "'•™'"'"' """
»< .l.e .ime when he extn'.ed th^w^ '" ■"'"'°' ™"'""°"
bear™ tiryltSe'MJ.':'""' i" '"» -" «--"> -'
.o a will i, he have^ "b'Scfa? i;^.::::rtSn': ' ^'■"''
U Cuad* M Intt Iws vIUimhi m Hwnltal to win.
•tutor .11. ,fc. ,„,, „a .,„ „ u„m„„„ „ ;unMl«
m. tl^ur"" " '"" '""'■ " "" " '■ '"• '""•^'
n^'. """""'• •' "" *"»"• """'W »• Pl"«l OPPO.U, hi.
o/Jtr*! ".*">""" *"•" '" • "'" '• • ••""oriWni wlto...
or to th. Iiu.b.„d or wifo o( .uch wltn... i. ,oid ,„ oaurto
■•ntM !■ .n heir of th. t..Utor. Th. oonip.t.noy o( th. wlt-
nM», how.v.r, ii not a(rKt.d.
Th?t»r'"'' "1 "'.T'"" """"'' """ '» ""«•"»« •«•«•»
Uta, . T k' "■;•"" "*" "■ "" ""'•' "'""" »' «"• t.^
wom.n ff o?r' ^' "° ■" ""■" "•"■ *"""■ •»« »»"*«l
women. If oth.rwii. competent, may h. wUsmh..
I«wi Oonivlif wail.
«• All p«riona of uund mind, of lawful at. and tuota aa can
frwl)- .xercU. their own will, may dlapoie of their properly
by maklnj a will, m .ome sut.. n.airl.d wom.n cannot
mak. a will without the conunt of their husband.
2. A will I. not of force until after the death of the tnutor
3. The t«.Utor can cancel or modify hi. will at any Ume
but not by a'«erlng the original In.trument
addition" to'irm.' ""■"" "' """■" "'"" •"■"» " " "-^ "
n,L "."■;'"' K™"«"y operate, a. a revocaUon of a will
niado before niarrlage unlee. the will 1. made In contempla-
tion of marriage and .onetime, even then.
8_ A will made by an unmarried woman I. Icrally revoked
befnr, ■•""'"•"'■" """•"""' >■»'«• ""» Uke. . ■. legal ..ep.
r Cdo'""'""" " ""' ""^ "'• """="• '- '«- ««'"■
debt, and funeral f-pense., though thi. provision I. not
eseentlal In many states.
8. If there he a general direction to pay debt. In .ome
iro
1
WILU
S'^l'L""!'*'*'; '*I""">«'. if enei.n.b.r.d with d*bU mu.!
lO. In Canada, and la moM of the 8tat« a hu.h..,
cannot daprt.. th. wl(. o( bar dow.r fh.?'i. ^"''"'^
0 pc.r,.,„„l ,„,,,K.rty ., woU a. i„ ,he real e.tatc, in .,°u of
additional bequeat can be made to her by h, c'h.„H
„Jf " ■„'°""'f """"^n poaaeMe. property, and diea >lih
of kin ' '° •<■""»'■»"! in "thera, the next
i.YnvtliJ ^™"' »' P";P«rty "..d. to a .ubseribinK wil„e«
iffected th.~bv"*T • ""'^"'^ "' "" *'" » '"•■=™i« no
anected thereby. In aome atatea, however, if the will ..n h-
proved w,th„„t the testimony of auch witn«V h ,T^l„"" ^
rn^f be vaHd"" '""" "" '"'"'"" '" "" ""'^ "J"' i^ """.«
en" oftlf win"Tf"'"" "°" ■'";■'" "'""'" '"' "ritten at the
h:^4 {^: i:;^!. ^i^^is ^'i:::^;^^ i?t
.s m.c,ou» of what he i, doing, renlr, the ^Hl^ if '' •"
15. I. 18 always best if the testator appoints some itnbl.
person or persons to act as e«eutor " '
rh.;™ ".^°""""'' '°°'' °'"'^'' ""' « »""»•>'« tombstone and
hir:.t axrervren^ "° '"^" --'''- "
17. If there » no executor named in the will or the n«ned
171
some St„ es ,« required to be ,i,n.ed before wo wltaeL
ttt,tL'"bl''yzr "^ '"^ ^"■"^ ™"' -^^o-^
many states subjcet to criminal proseeution
Codicils.
A written addition made to a will is called a codicil and is
executed hke a will. It is desisned to e.xplain ,™di?y „
clm.iKe fo^er bequests made in the body of the w II It mus[
be executed with ecual care as the wlli itself, and requ"es
the same number of witnesses as the will "<!•"'■«
ductlono? the wl,r wills beQS«i;M„' compelling the pro-
WILLS
Form of Will.
This 1. the la,t will and testamen, of me. John R Baker
0 the cu. Of Hamilton, ,„ the County of Wentwonh. TZ
Province of Ontario, Merchant:
JT'J T' '""' '"' """"""' '" "^ ""». A»»a, hor
heir, and assign, forever, one-half of all my property real
and persona, of what nature and Kind soever and wLro
ver the same shall he at the „me of my death; the Ir to
bo taken by her In lieu of her dower.
S.co™. I give, devise and bequeath unto such of my child-
ren, as may .e living at the time of my death, one-balf , i
my property, real and persona,, of what nature and kind
soever, and wheresoever the same shall he at .he ur„r
death, to he cually divided among them, share and shar^
THIHO. I herd>y direct and empower my executor herein-
2' »-ed ,0 sell and dispose of, to the hest advan.a;; so
much 0 my personal property as may he necessary, ,' a,
an my debts and testamentary and funeral expenses, as so
as practicable after my decease. And I also hereby d re t and
empower my said executor to sell so much of my r^al an p r
sonal property as It may, ,n his iudgment, seem necessary or
odvantageous, ,n order to make a division of my estate among
my devisees hereinbefore mentioned.
neir™; ' '"""' ""'°'°' "" ""^' ^»"«' '='-'''- -' 'he
person and estate of such of my children as may be minors
at the time of my death.
Fifth. I hereby appoint Joseph M. Baker of
In the County of ,„ ^„ .^ ,
. to be the sole and only
executor of this my last will and testament, and I hereby
evoke an former and other w: ,s and testamentary paper
by me at any time heretofore made.
173
John R. BiKca.
WILLS.
ot July. A.D. 19 , at the city of Hamilton.
Signed, publlBlied and declared
by tie above-name^ Johs r.
Bakes, as and tor his last will
and testament. In the presenco
of us, who have hereunto sub-
scribed our names at his rc-
queoi, as witnesses thereto.
In the presence of the said
testator and of each other.
Albest B. MILLB).
Davio Smith. I
CodieU to the Above Wni.
WHEaws. I, John R. Baker, did on the iith day of Joiv
1 wrm' d^d Tth-e^d dVrA"-t-^ ^r^^
ernr-harrtrtnurf""'""-'-"^^^^^^
William the share wh ch he „„ m .°"' "" '*"'"='"' '"
said will If he had rurvU' J™"' ''r: ""''° """" "^
=^.::h:r-"---~n:^
-a;"or^::;r:«r:it^:^r^5,rr-'''
signed, published and declared
by the testator, John R. Baker,
«a and for a codicil to his last
will and testament In the pres-
ence of us, who In his pres-
ence, at his request, and In
the presence of each other, ( •'"«" R- Bakeb.
have subscribed bur names as
witnesses thereto, at <he date
thereof.
Edwabd J. Bbadfobd.
Damiel «■. Johnson.
TAXES
Every government, whether of town, Provin.* or nation, ia
under tlio necessity and has the right to raise the necessary
fmids to carry on all the functio.m of tlje government.
DeaiiiUon.--lax is the sum of money which the govern-
ment demands from the individual or from his property to
pay for the benefit ho receives from the government.
The government protects him in his rights, protects his
property and often advances the value of the same by publie
improvement. It therefore has a right to levy a ti upon
him and his property. J - "" upon
Kinds of Taxe».-Tajes are either direct or indirect.
i^irect Taxes are those which are levied directly upon per--
sons, propery, incomes, etc. - «• f
Indirect Taxes are such as are assessed on manufactures,
imports etc., as the customs tariff and most of the excise or
internal revenue taxes.
Taxation in Canada ranges itself under the three heads of
Dominion, Provincial, and Municipal.
Dominion Taxatior i, laid almost wholly in the form of
duties upon manufa.rared goods imported from ioreign
countries and excise or internal revenue taxes laid on the
manufacture and sale of li<|uors, cigars, etc., and collected in
great part by means of stamps,
_ Provincial Taxation is laid upon pnjperty or assets and is
direct. It is supplemented by duties on estates, called
succession duties, and by taxes on franchises of corpor-
ations, etc.
Municipal or local taxation is commonly very much heavier
than provincial ta-ps. It embraces: (1) all tixes for the
general purpose o, counties, cities, townships, towns and
villages, and (2) those local taxes, which are usually called
local assessments, and which are laid in special districts
peculiarly benefited by the construction of some public work
and by apportionment each item of property is taxed iij
proportion to the benefit it is assumed to receive.
13
175
TAXES
e.tym.l^l'^J °f Pn.p*rty.-The a8.e..or of the town or city
»h r .. n ", '"""° ■" '^"^ "'«» <" '«««"» property
Ittle difference whether the property's valuation t, h^h or
low because the amount at tax to be raUed • .,ted a „-°
ing to the valuation, but It Is of Importance , any In '
neither higher nor lower than that of others
,„T?h' '"•T;'^'" "■•'"■'=""» ">»t no one should be allowed
the value'o'?. ■'?,' "'"""" ""^'-^ '" ""> »n>munlty
the value of the privilege Is commonly termed "single tax "
m hls^hLS"?"'"""^"''' '■' ^^" "^ M- Henry oeorg;
unon th? .J"""^'!'" """' '■'"'""'■'■ ■^"^ '--""'P" >' based
upon the theory that, as all men are equally entitled to
the use of the earth, this Is the only rightful sou cf ot
public revenue, and therefore all taxation except a tax upon
rui-rabrhed" ■"■"■ '-'-'- °' "» -~-
levying Taxes.— The rate ot taxation is determined as
thirrfl ; ;' •"""' "^ ™"""""' -p-- »" the propm"
,1 .M '"! '"°°'"" "' "'"'»'' "> "« "'«" by the town
from this sum the poll tax (where there Is any, L subtrlctl
ed. I this sum Is divided by the total valuation of the
property Of the town the quotient Is the rate of taxation
that is, the sum to be raised on each dollar of property
The amount varies all the way from two mills on the dol-
lar or perhaps less, to twenty cent, on each hundred dollars
or two dollars on each thousand dollars of property In
large cities the rate of taxes Is sometimes as mucSa 2 plr
cent or twenty dollars on a thousand, or even more
Collection of Taxes.-In some the town collector collects
all the taxes for the town, county and Province; In others
the county collector collects of all the towns
17fi
»ne or penalty U added TL™ . """'"'" '""" "
after a further .pedfled time th^ „ °'' '' "'" "«»"'>•'««
The treasurer or sheVm ^0,™,,"?""'^ '" »""' °' »""''"'■
t^e taxes and expe„: J ' %: 'r' rrZ',™"'^ '° '"'^
ohaser of the property rLflZ '^"""''»'° '<> »■« Pur-
tlme In which to redeeta b^J 7 """^ "»' » ""'■^"'■^O
-no all Ike cost "^ """'^ "^ »">""»■>' <" ">■= tax
coneL^rr^rasureriTX^?""-'" -" "■» ■"""-
a reoe.pt. The treasr iTZZZ^TZr' '""
Jter:^:r.m:7hriatTr r ?rt™' '^'°"
=;^r.ra:::r -~ -«--=::
Certr-poTtl^s'^tf o^"'"^ ""-"'^ '" ^"^ -™P'. ^.z.:
and utenr':ria°hor: rmXlo'L-^ri"'",'""" " '°°"
tame institutions, also ihur^heTrd ''pa:::^;^''' '""^'-
I hSnr"'" "'"'"^- - - -- that?nrds:';;:rd
HOW TO COLLECT DEBTS
™s :iXa-; oo.:;r„^esrBrrr oir -^
:=r^.r:::tr^:rT^S"-^^-
=^r:r^rd:Hr'^~-
peaceable or forced. IZZTnlZy'"''"' """ '='""=^""""'
KrJaV " '" '*"" '° ™""' ="* <"""' are a matter of
hT .. -"orand" ""r" "' "'"'"«'">'' "^ -"" "d^
are . „ ," s J --PleasantnesB and heavy losses
now TO 'JOLLEOT DKBT8
Xethods by Whifh Debt* are Contracted
indeanlto future time. Labor Is employed, to b. paid tor at
certain future periods. Ua„d». hou„e, and other property
are purchased under contract for -ature payment. Money u
borrowed, on notes, mortgage, or other securltlee, and many
o her tr.n..ctlons In bu»lne»a and trade call torti oocjlon.
or present temptations to contract debts.
SuggestJons for AToMInir Debta
„„L"° r *'f!I""' ''""" ""''""--Better small prollts and
quick sales, than large profits and long credits
Mark your goods at prices which will give you a reason-
able proat and adhere unswervingly to your cash principle.
This Is best for buyer and seller. It avoids collections and
prevents losses. It saves the time and labor of keeping
accounts, and enables the seller to sell cheaper and the buyer
to buy for less than on credit.
2. CanUon8..-Goods sent abroad shouM be paid tor betore
the purchaser takes possession.
The time of credit should be as short es possible and the
bills collected When due. When working tor others collect
your wages weekly or monthly. In accordance with the agree-
ment to pay, unless your employer Is quite responsible, thus
making your dues safe.
In renting lands or houses, a duplicate lease should be
made, one tor each party, the rent paid promptly when due
at the house or business place of the landlord, and the pay-
ment credited on the back of the lease, or by written receipt
In receiving or making payments, a receipt should always
be made out; It is a voucher and may save trouble
.„!? f I "."? """"-^'-e-housn keepers cannot be too prompt
mo.,,1 , ""'""'"^ "■""■• """"■ - 'heir customers are
mosuy transient, making torced collections sometimes Impos-
r„ » ! '"f ^»"''""' 18 ™all; this Is safest even between the
most trusted friends.
Waen the loan is large, have the note secured by a mort-
gage on real estate; but see to It that the propeny Is not en-
178
:.E<1AL STEPS I.v tOLLKCTIONS
to have y„„r moriat , Xrl'd b'," '"'"™" <" ""« "-
-«.a.e . .„,.:; TZiZ "op:^"^- """« " *■"-■
-ru.:r.' uTarot^rrt,;:: er t 'rr ""-'""
process, It may be wl»er to dro„ ,„ ™"*<^'"' ""•■out legal
-. a. so „„, ,,, ,:; r -- - rr - -- t.e
First S«.p, In m.^,,^ Collection,
»>a;ra;e"rerw:r.e':res"raiT.™'""^'- ^^ --»•>«"
unable to pay at the time soLlJ ""Tl"""- ""■""'»« "'m
-ome may be eareless and „e»i ." "''"'"■'* of patience;
".ay be inclined t beTshonestM"'"'' """""'"^ ""'' '"'■•'"
•"g- Thus dlsc:etlon Is ner^ "" "^^ "'o" *"<:''■
Of the letters reauest „e „ '' ^" '" "■" 'o™ >°d 'one
tratlng the first eZ 1 fn TT'' '''"" '""'■• "'■■'»» "'"-
and 62, " "■ '"*'"■'« oollectlons, see pages 51
LEGAL STEPS IN COLLECTIONS
.ndtce''rc^eXr^rr:^:„re„7-''°■■ •■^"' " ■"'^" '"o-W
'-8 of retaliation or of geftlnrrM r^"*- * "■"" '-'"
business. ^""'"^ satisfaction has no place In
'ouot/nrres't'll'*' ''"' -""-'"- « '" -" to as. the
'u thl^IgLrocelr""'^" '- """-' «■» «--- involved
b/way"oftempt'n""" "™''"'^ "■"" «•" ^ ""ows hl.
*^^e'V7eZl7T-"'" '^- '^"'"■'t.on Laws,,
■-rrrirL:trrrr;;t;-~
179
LEOAI. STEPS IN COLLECTIONS
A creditor who flnds It neceuary to aue, in»y enter suit hlm-
«el» or by a aolldtor. Id any o< the courts of the dlffereiit
province.. If the claim be a .mall one. It I. entered for
«ult by .imply leaving with the clerk of the court a .Utement
of the account In writing (with a. many cople. a. there are
defendant.). The party thus entering .ult must give his post
office addre... and full name and the post office address of
the defendant, and his occupation or business. The payment
of a -mall tee Is required to cover cost of summon, and .er-
VI ce.
JnrLdlctloB of the Division Conrt-d) All perMnal action.
Where the amount or damages claimed does not exceed (60
W All actions for debt up to 1100. (3) All liquidated money
claims, that Is, notes and written Instruments, up to 1200
-.nd Interest In addition to that amount. (4) Unliquidated
Claim, and demands of d^bt. and for breach of contract, up
to JIOO. (5) Against ab..;ondlng debtors, where the claim
I. not less than $4 nor more than »200. (6) For replevin
where the value of the good. doe. not exceed (60.00.
The Snnmoi. alway. sUtea the numbe- jf cay. within
Which a defence must be entered, or Judgment will be given
by default. In Division Court cases the .ummon. I. Issued
and served by the clerk and ballUTs of the court.
The Cost, of Collection In the Inferior or Small Debt. Court,
are about the same In all the provinces. Where the account
Is under (10, the cost right through to judgment only amounts
to (1.25 for clerk's fees, or (!.6C Including the bailiff's tees
tor service of summons, exclusive of his mileage.
The tees Increase somewhat with the amount sued tor.
The Statute of Limitations cannot be taken advanfa,'* of
by a defendant unless he claims In his dispute note that the
action Is barred by statute because of Its being six years old
or that six years have elapsed since the last payment or
written acknowledgment
180
UMAL STEPS IN COILECTIONS
TiM Jaffant
rendered If the def»nH.». .'""'"""■ ""> Judgment cu be
me defendant dae> not appear a^ the trial.
Ontlawl0ff ol Jndimeita
.en^fa"rrre.prtl^;"''rj.t"S°r' T" " ""■"' "■«
the last wrltte'n aiknow ZmentM': IfZ^X'^' " '"""
Yukon and North-West t:.T. .' *"■""«• Saakatchewan.
Scotia, Prince Edwlrd """"'T^'' «"""™ 5'""i lu Nova
years/ ,„te,ec^C Je."' Xefr??'"""'' '"'"'^
be enforced In OnUrlo after .,. v.? ^ J""™"" ""-ot
foreign court. "'" '"°' "" '""^ "> fe
Th« Exeeitloa
The Judgment having been obtained the m.inM*
enforce payment. The proceaa i. '^n^ "•^ **"
Atfachment
judgrntrd:r„troS":orrtr; t- -^ '--''"■
debtor mai get awav hefr """'■ ""' '"» '«»'«'nest
creditor; or "e drtto'lV^""'" ™" "^ ™"'™0 "^ the
move th; pr.,erty bevo„nh '""T "™""' ""«" " '«"
-n Of proper.. owneS ./Z] ^,^0^ Irhm'enr
How M Att' nt la Obtained
.ur:e:erprL~v^.:rerj'n.:r r- ™-
an e,ecu„„n, attempt, to remo^ve^rh r^'aVptZn:;
!-■:<
WOAL BTErs in COLLECTIONS
tl.. d.b, .. juMi^d?.' Zll^'Z"""" "' "" """' ""» '""
OnUrlo U,. .<Uchmen. l/,',ow J,'*"' 1° '!'"". '" "*""■ "'
in Quebec If IS or upward " " " '"»'"'':
•t once. The law " .Lli . ? • " •"•«'"»™t l..ue,
v-ue. Ul differ.:. prov'aC "" '"""^ '""° "'"'"" "''
u..":.r.rs.e^'et:vz«"rr'' '- -"" '- ---
.tuohmeu, 1. improperly "fed \t T' '" ■="" ""
«mel,r.qulr.d,„gi,..ii„r?' ,° "'^'""' "^'^^•"■">« «"'
oliUm.d. No«.re.,den, cr.Sr.ori r " ", """"■"■ ""' ""«»""
•ecurlty tor co..,. "'«'"'"•» »" usually required to give
tlon. Pr„per.y of ,b. tb or .nTheT ';"" " "'"'» ■""«-
-y ..» be r.ach.d byC/ropr,!":: Jr" "' " """' '-"^
proX^r .rrb.:'r T,zx:i t "■ -- "---
can g.t judgmen. When ^h«^ "' "■"" "■" "•"'">■•
.un,mon, ., ..rved. Td ?f ,ie <^'^T "" '"" ^"^ "■"
m.nt l> obtained In th. Jh. ° '' •"•"P^'y Proved Judg-
.ake. ou. bir lee Inl'T.Tiev^'" '"' "•" """"^
-ched. and ou. of .. prre^a o'f Z\r^.Z.7^^Z
o«?^'o?r"i'a;'':'u3ne°:n" "";r™' ■"-'• -- ""^
-. need be no -l^C.^' ::TiZ^:T^ZZZr
.ec"tro'fr.iu3'o?of. ": r™"""-'" '-= — <>' --
Wmself n.ay have nTp^'ri''"''' ""'" ""^ ''^'^"''-'
o property In bis posaeselon upon which
LKJAt STIiPg IN <01,LKCTI0Ng
Sm^'^''T' '", "" ■"••" "■"• o""" >»™» mar b. I..
AtUeklM thf Bodr
I' under an atUchment tha olDcer ratur.. ....
Armt of AbMoidlPf Ocbton
In Ontario, Brltl.h Columbia and the Yukon .„ k .
Ing debtor cannot be arreated »bi... .! , . ''■""■"l-
amounte to |ioo "'"*"'> o"'™ the claim agaln.t him
court; but „cTselZ".r '""" '"^ ^'"■"■"'' ■">" f^"""''
order rom a J„d» 1« h KfT"""' "'"' '" ""' «"•'» »"
under $80. ' ""' """' ™"'*» """'"^ Jurisdiction
rf t^e^sibtroir.xro'r"'.^'"'^'"'^ "--' - »^»-
Tom the supreme Court "" '"^ ""' "' ""'' '"-
.bXtmrrto'Vr''''^ -''='■'»" ■"-•"•"e.tedwbere
183
IJ
IJOAt, Kltn IN fOLIJSOnoKi
Ufkt to A,tmt
bond «,„:;:;:."•„„',". rc„;:;:„r*"- - •-" °"" "■-
"r cum to the Supreme Court of the Province A b«nrt .»i-
.PJ«.I f«,n. .a. court to mother I. granted, .. from Z
184
UMAL MTBW IN C0U*t"ri01l»
EXEMPTION LAWS OF THE
DIFFERENT PROVINCES
.— z .'STpZV^!:" ,"•"•"■• — »
part of their prop.rt. >, ih.v m., «. t ""'•""'" "' •»«•>
• - » .....-■.""«:.■. '.rr-rr;,;:'.:'-
I» Manltob. the following article, are exempt from ..i,
ure under an execution or for arrears of fZ„., ,
" bIX" \T'"'- "" »■" -" " ^'«" "rVenr""
.e^oT^;<r^aii;;=i--— oT^^
practice of his trade or orofMoinn .„ ,1 , ""'"" '" '"«
th> .„.„.i ,J proresslon, to the value of 1600 00-
the actual residence or home of any person other than ,
farmer, to the value of 11.600.00. Any waiver o,Jlt„f
exemption Is null and void by statute ^ '
185
Si
LEGAL STEPS I.v COLLECTIONS
a. ,aw or e^myT2 'iZnTT " ""' "^ ""^ -"»"•
WOO.OO. personal property to the value of
».ov°e,?„?::.rp,p\\\reri-''.-"""« "--'"•^ -»
l-old articles to vafue ot $50 o^* T"""' "'"' ""^ """^e.
-d fuel for six moulds one span "f^'!"'"^ ""'""■■■ ""■"
oxen, etc.; books relating to thr^r, "^l '"'™'' J"""* "'
debtor, to the value of S2oonn-.^° "' '"^^ -' "■«
the trade of the debtor to th. ' > ^"^ "°'"™»"" '»
Of monthly -lary, not exceedin?.MJ?""''= """'"'^
one-fourth Where salary Mc^fH.f/""-'"' "" »"">"»:
exceed 12,000.00; and one thirf l ■"'"'■'"' """ ^°es not
»2,000.00 per annum """^ ""' »'">■ exceeds
.heYll'X^rpttTr^pTr"'*-'^''" '■-'-'-
execution or for arrear, of inter . "" '^""« ""-'" «»
-ort.a.e, but not agatsVd'sLlTft "/e^r'"""" ■""- ^
ny^tL^rnTtr rn/ruLT ir-^ "' '^''- '-' '»-
o' »500.00; the necessarvfooH , '""'^'''-^^ '" "-e value
for six months; tools and im^ ""■ ""^ "" '"""y
t-de or P^fes'siriThe'v" roTmHr^ '" "'•""'"
extent of 160 acreo- n,« . "e or 1200.00; homestead to
debtor to.ether":rh .^ lo^: :r„";",'"fooTo-"'^ "^
from "eT™^f„"„"de?"'Sl„r or-'r'"^ ^""'^ "' -™-'
principal upon n mor.gagi nitwith.t "T" "' """^»' "
'n the mortgage wa.v.rg':he ™ .„n "' ""^ "^-ement
^o:iior:r:::LZ°T"d T'-'^-' "■"' '""■""^ and
food for six monthsfiooks o? ZT ".' """""^ "'--"^
necessary Implements used In .L™"' ""=''■ '-""^ ="*
'o value Of ,600.00; house and bulM,'"' '"""'"'"' °' "ebtor
together with the lots, ."ova," oTZZlT"" "'""""■
186
LEGAL STEPS IN COLLECTIONS
-ea<,3;"or:^^^/-f^^ -pare, -.ed, bedd,„, and .ed.
household articles to value of mn„'' ■""""" «"" ""-er
o value of ,40.00; one cow ,w°!°= '<""' ^^ '"Irty daye
--:t^t:::^-;^;~--e--
-"rs— Ca%rru:£ F-----
Btove, one cow. not exceeding va/uT!?'' ?' 'I^^'- <"■" -^"ok
In money. * ™'''e <>' both ,50.00; ,16 OO
tlona. as fixtures, wild SmZ'Jll "T'"'"' '='* ««mp-
8on in the way of trade thi^t, * ^' ''silvered to a ner-
e"«ody Of the law the too s and-i^'r' "''■ ""^ *™d» '»
"ng sklft or punt; the necessary c„„^f '"'"'" " «■•'«'''. Ash"
an- wearing apparel of thrdXrTJrhl^r i;"'' '^''""^
187
i
LEOAL STEPS IN COLLECTION B
THE TIME IN WHICH DEBTS
ARE OUTLAWED
» L» '°, Ir"^ """"ary In all commercial countries to tx
a limit of time during which debta shall hold good. It would
not tend to sound business practices or fairness for a creditor
to be allowed unlimited time in which to enforce the collec
uon oi a debt.
„.,; VTlr °' """""'-' "a™ therefore been enacted, the
period of time varying, there being no natural boundary line
3. The range of time Is from one year to twenty years
frl r.""""? ""' '"""«'">" P"tod generally begins to run
payment '" "' "" "" '"""' "'' "•■"" "■" ""' "»"'»'
n„t'r,?"° ""' ''^''""' "^' " "''"<"' Mknowledgment by
note, letter or otherwise, the claim is renewed
.„! « i°.f°' """^"^ '"*' Judgment be obtained within the
specfled time, but merely that the action be commenced.
Statute of I/lmltationt
In all the Dominion Provinces If a debt be not paid, or an
action commenced to recover payment, within the time flxeS
barred ' "'" '"■""'' ""'"'"''' "■"' '"» ''*>" ■>' «'^°
rt.M " ""^""'" '"'»'' "y «tafte for the varlou. kinds of
debts and claims is as follows:
Merchants' Acconnts^In all the Province, of Canada
except Quebec, action on merchants^ accounts, , nd an othe;
debts founded upon lending or other contract, not under seal
:TJi:zTr' "'""" ^'^ ^^"^ """ '-^ --" '"aeC
dbt^r Claim "T?"' "' ""•'"=" "krowledgment of the
debt or Claim. In Quebec the limit Is live years tor such
accounts. In Newfoundland It Is six years.
Promissory S„te, and Acceptance^-m all the Pro-
vinces Of the Dominion, except Quebec, where he uZt
■» Ave years, promissory notes and acceptances become
188
LEGAL STEI^ IN COLLECTIONS
acknowledgment Of th/rr ''°'' '"'^'"'"' " «""™
from that d"'e against ,hfi T"""*" '"^ '""" ^'^ ^«"»
acknowledgment but 1 "f '' """""^ '"^ "«>"»«■" "■■
on the paper ■ ' "**'"' """=" '""'»= -""-^ are
ourw?dT;;i°„tranrter: "^-""""^ ^"— » ^-o-
Saskatchewan, Yukon andv^, ."''""'"'"'""■■ '» *"■"'«.
years; 1„ n„v J^X p'"".!.'*""''-^^*'' Territories, twelve
land, twenty years ,n o^lh? .J"" '"'^"'' "■"• N^wfound-
wick j„dgmLt:r;„^^ ;,: ^Sh'r-. ;.° ^^^ ''^""'-
or Stipendiary MaristmJ, rl'J '' '^""■■"'''loners'
e~-ced aner s. ^ ^^0^"^ rnfry'ir t?re?gn"rnr''t°
Instruments Under RahI a«*.i„
or any Instrument n'der"e7,mavhr°'' """''■ ''"'™''"'^
Within twenty years '^ commenced any time
mon°grf:t"r'ear::'ta.?r-': ""'"'o -" "-"oba
=ci^h5 =S=rr ~-
«uehec. thirty y^ Tt ^ ToZZ^'l^rllZZ' '"
_-.^^:».yi£ii*i^"",^:.
189
iiiiK
^1
PUBUO SCHOOLS
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
L«»» GovernliiK the KightK and Datlea of Directora,
Teachrrs, I>apU8 and Parents
Sihool Management.— In the Dominion, ot Canada the
management ot the public schools of the different Provinces
is placed by statutes under the control of trustees.
Kniploymem of Teacher.— The authority to employ
teachers for the public schools Is conferred by law upon the
trustees.
TerminatinK Teacher's Contract.— The trustees cannot
terminate a contract with a teacher by doing away with the
partlci.Iar school in which he is engaged in teaching.
Janitor Work cannot be required of a teacher, unless it
Is «o speclfled in the contract.
Legal Holidays.— It has been held hy the courts that in
the absence of statutory requisitions a school should be
allowed the legal holidays without deduction of salary to
the teachers.
Expulsion, Etc.- School trustees may expel or suspend
and teachers may suspend piiplls for sufflclent cause, as for
breach of discipline, refusal to take part In exercises, re-
fusal on part of the parents to sign and return periodical
written reports of the pupil's standing, father's refusal to
permit the teacher to whip tne child or to correct him him-
self, refusal to study certain branches from which the par-
ents of the child have requested that It might be excused
or misbehavior outside of the school tending to injure the
school and subvert the teacher's authority.
Sometimes It has been held that, before the pupil can be
expelled, he Is entitled to a hearing It he asks for it.
Corporal Punishment
The Teacher Stands in Place of the Parent, and while a
pupil is under his care, has in the absence of statute or other
regulation to the contrary, the same authority as the parent
has at home of correcting him by conflnement or whipping,
190
PUBLIC SCHOOLS
similar circumstances. '^ ' """"'^
Value of Corporal Pnnijlunent.-Thc riuht nnH .
I am coniicicnt," says AilJison "llmi „ i.
U
191
I
■USAL PHOFEBTY.
REAL PROPERTY
est which » „ Includes every possible later-
expression .Tea. an" P Bona, estate'"™": "'""• '""'
origin. "Hereditament-- . °' """■" '■'"'™'
rsr "H-," ..••=n.ri=-:
the land described ry^TJT. 1 " " ^""'■^ »°« •>■■«"
•• delivery •■ of the possession. B„t thai mode of / V '""'
property has Ion. been Practically abolished ^,"1^'*""
perty Is now transferred hv i>.n„ i •""""nea. All real pro-
r:^'^:rrt£55^^i:^-i7d:^-
exeepti.. TZt,c, where th"'^rnV', '""'"' "'"■ ""
transfer (as defined InThe CIvM Co7e , ^I ""* """■' "'
Napoleon) prevails. ""' """"'°'' "'"''' ">« Code
193
:i li
BEAI, PHOPERTT.
I. «n: rr.'it;« t r- '■•■■-<«•'« .«.-
military service to .h "" condition of loyalty ar.l
Rift. A gran Of land„ toT" ""^ *■""" '"' ^''"'"" ""■
merely a grant for He no.^ '7"™ """"'' '" ""'^ ■""•^».
without therdrcon:;n° o: Jh 'h r"' "^ ""= «^'""™
■"0 the land reverted 71 lor"d or^ror"' uVrT ""
to the heirs of the deceased °"^^ S^""'""-. It did not j.ass
descendants of the tcnlnt L ,.r . T '"'""'""' """ '"°
decease, this Intentlo? «• """' ''"^"'"' "Im at his
'n the gran ATranL J TT""" "' "''^"'™«l »•»'•''»
-ers%he hUr'esr: LVn-to-'r^aw^-r-
eX Talie^d T^Z^^t;:: "' ^ ^ ^ ~Tn
:^^r::"^£?^fr-=^at:—
:?r;-ftHi-~^''-
Joint .ena^LonLdfreM ,r..r7°-'; " "■"" "^ «"-»
may grant his undWlded hare ml ' """ ™^ "' «"""
person. This brines in » '"'°''""' '° '™e other
*ut as a ..tena^S llVo^ 1?, ^h^^h" ^t' ''"'"''
unity Of title is thus dissolved, but thlunlvor '"'"'
-re. Both .oint tena^, a^rrnt^n rrn:r "eo^
BEAL I'EOPEIITV.
pel a partlUon of the property according to the v.Iu. „, .k .
wUh interest Tt the .ate . eed"';;::' 7,7"!,""' ■""""^
usually called a " mortKaec debt " ti.« ». .
«--.,„, ...rr,'s ::•.-;•= ,r..s
was an absolute canvejance TbTct to an 1 " "°'"''^^*'°
wroTrtV;;: :rr ™'V'' - -- -er,^- 1'
:.i^::^Ht^^ "- - '»'~-S"
either at ■•L",nre„° oT.Y "": " '" '^'""'""^ '° '«'«'
.o as to cut ou'tT ;":tertlTcrrs^- ;r ■'^--
194
i
HlAl ESTATK.
agreed to warrant and defend the title of .!,„
tenuut Bgalnut all m.r»oi,H a .... ""' K'^'^'c or
'I'" with It an l«.plo"warra„ :"',"», ""'' "'"""'^" «-
ha» dU.,peared in modern conveyance, a' d -"' *"™"^
title" has taken its ulace I.,;, u ^ ^ ' "■covenant for
matter with the plrch":; eTto hav thr'tiuT' """ ' '""
not to rely „,erely „„„„ the w^aitv „ '■""■''"«'"^-'' «»"
l» «<rlelne», a .carrh of « ll. h ,. '^ covenant for title.
of forty ,„r, IndiH" .*""'" """"■' ""•k 'T a period
v.ndor'.„'"rh;™e,';;,';;r;:'; "•'""''' •"»■-.-' 'r„L. the
agreement provides tha the* h ' l"-"I'<Tf,. Usually the
abstract or'any' «,e d ed, „oT rh^'L""' 'T"'"" '"^ "--
called The Vendor's and P.^A, ' """""""""n A "tatute
mrs ago in England Each of, r "^^ "■"" '""""' ™"y
■.as e„act,d this statutf a„d „ .Sr"" "' '"'' °°""""'»
enactments are substantially alike "" ''"'"•" ""^"»
HEAl KST.ITE
Real Estate might he divided into two main classes:
sr.:;\~rertr '"'■""- '"-'•^•
-r^d^^r^— ro„-:r^-r"-"'
=g\;r::t,:;™r:,rri^i,'^— »™;
by the an.onnt of revenue «i,lch the "'"' "'"''"""ed
Vacant property in „ 1 '"'°''"'*' ""' •'■■<'"'■"^'■■
various elLe's!l',t„rce°%::!:;„™r - •"''•"'' '"'°
"ear the business centre. re'ldenHan f""' '"■'""•"*•
property, property on the .h . Property, warehouse
perty on the edge or just outside the building
sbld 'iZt:; wm Take IZr^'r" "'' =* "■'"- '^'■
■■"')'• If he is a caXlis? » 7 " '""'"'^ "''^'" Vro-
cf the growth Of the busfness T "'"" "" ""■ ■"■■'"■"">
-rohably buy this kind o pTop^Jy w." "' ""' <^"^ ""■ -".
are often made. Or. If 1 ce«^[! . " ''"'' ""■«" "'■'""»
■■• If a certain part of the city Is more
UAL KilTATK.
•ulUbljr loettrd for ilUa for wholeule flrms. than U good
■pwulatlan In buying up the bent sltei available.
In every Urge city there U what la known ai the eelect
realdentlal nectlon, and thl> claee of property Is very often
at a premium.
Subdivision property Is alwaya more or leaa speculative
depending how far out and how faat the city will grow within
a certain time. Wise Investor, of aubdlvlalon property, aside
rom noting the distance of the property from the centre of
the city, usually dealgnated by the Post OBlce, will ascertain
In which direction the city Is most rapidly developing. In a
good many cities the development la reUrded In one direc-
tion or another by the location of a foreign element, which
makea the property lying outside this part of the city less
•peculatlve, that Is, It does not as a rule reach a very high
value.
To value property In the city, the most Important thing Is
to Ogure out as nearly as possible what that property can
be made to earn. Prom 11,000 to »2,000 per foot frontage
might seem high for business property, but If It Is possible
to Improve this property by erecting a building which will
be revenue producing to the extent of earning a good rate of
Interest after making due allowances for depreciation, taxes,
etc., then that property has not been overpaid for. In most
of the large citlea of the West the quotation of property la
generally given by the price per foot frontage. Loan Com-
panlea usually advance money on properties up to forty per
cent, of the value of the land and the cost of the building
Most of the large loan companies make It a practice not tc
loan on Improved property which has less than a thirty foot
frontage. In a great many ways this Is a good thing, as It has
a tendency to keep houses a little farther apart, thus leav-
ing a few feet on either side. In most cases there la a limit
to the amount of money which can be borrowed on resi-
dential property, no matter how much the house might cost
as the loan Inspector keeps In mind the amount of money
on which the house will earn an interest providing It should
have to go back on the loan company. An expensive house
might not have any more rooms than a cheaper house of
196
per cent, up u, ,h, flr, thou,.„H ^ """«"•""• •" "v,
cent .n.r tfc.t. 8om. ci'e.T"t' ■" '"' ""''•''•" <"'
Charged up u. the a"., a'"; 'r*""' "" "'» per cent. ,.
exception, to these cLVh""- °' «"■"" "■"« "e
con.n,l..|o„ IB ch.rgeu"n th? •"'•'"«'■' "'e per cent.
«" Urge ,„d con fdarab e », ' "'""'*''• "'"" ">» d..l.
'»«. etc. Good .rgum'nt,. r. .'■ """""^ '» '^-"c"-
come When comn-Cn. "wirbe ' ,/k''™''" ""■ '""« »'"
•tend of „ now by ^o Ljl' p"^"" '"' "'° ""chwor In-
to a real estate .gent .„a ° .h, ,' T"""'' " """" '"■»».
property to- which he state! he ^ .t? ' "'■'*'" <•'«« of
•um Of money. The aUt ' e. . 7 "' '" ■""■ » "^c"-'"
i-erhap. he 1. able to buy atTL. ""' """ ■'™''"'^' »->
'e- than hi, cllenrwas ^mZT''" '"?'"•""" "" "-"""
agent la working for hi, e if / ''• '" "'"^'' -^"^es the
property. "" ""''"' "" "ot the vendor of the
^■'""'S!' iTJbL'"^ repr?,e«ed 'n'"'! """"*'" «"
"rn,,. They meet perlodlcanyTnd h, "'" *" "■» '«'««
taming to different branchli^ ^ ,.?""!' ""' "■"""» Per-
m's, an international Hea?L.lr """"""• '" •"""•
Winnipeg, at which there wero ^""""""o- »•» held In
from different parU Tj^^Z ' '"'"'"' "'"»'""«
197
mt
IKADE AND CIIIIUISIICE
TRADE AND COMMERCE
"»^n!rri7t^iiuHi'rj"''™'''r'"^'^' ""• "-»"»•
log. filing .Mhanrin J '* "»"."• """'t r«rtriot«d to th, buy.
to .11 ™,„m=^w'irt^™ °n' " .""""^ '-il^rlminately
"<"./. WholemirtS^r/? 1 1 ' ° '''"™'' "•'«>''■«■(« and
qu.„tl.i«Aup*^Xrrr,r«,:^^^ ».rth.pi«.„H„ hrg.
»liil. retail trade deaLT.n!f i "d mlddla men generally,
air«^l7 to oo„™L„ "" "™" """""" "d ^pplta. gooi
.nTt:„T:fet^f Je'r;"^ '• "'^'^-^ '-"> '- <•.«..
of the oount^T,^ "^i" "T r V*" ''"^''" ■" "'« ''"'•""7
'"^.rxiirSr '^^^^^^^^^ "---»' """ "^
«'^:.Kfni;:;^':"&tg"thr""r """ "»™-
to another. carrying the .urplus produce of one
The total value o export a Quar.lrr'"' *"'-'".^*0.
I90.203.000, While -n'm 1 "it'^s' V2 M^Hr '"'° ""
can\Trve^\'::5^:rv:gT;rrv"^^^^^^^^^^
for Ita inland carrying I fae "iT, ""T™"" ""='""-
dollar, have been .pent ^n .»„ T '' ^ ''""''"'' """"'"
-..o.a o, to^a ^t^r %hrs,r.a— -rcor
198
THABE AND CiilllrCRrE
n.lle.. The ra„ad,l„ p*'|. °' r '••«»"'■"»" tl.ou.and
tr^l to Vancouver," 2ZITV ?°'" ""' ""•" «»»-
»iM,8:ll,441 In ,909 ThI. °!,'„ ' " """P""! with
U vor cent. «Pre.ent. an Increa.e of over
.. porto;";'r;Jre 've^T "'T''' "' "■• —»•«»'
ana dutle upon Tn, ported ^™h '""'^'"'■"""« "» entered
ve«e>. ob.a.?°he "ra^anrandrhr''''"'''' """ *'""'
areknownllan ~l"'' "'""'"J tS""". and ve.ae,,.
on in.p„rtea .ood,;.; r.cr;^^™."!"^::'^!""' '"""
wh^"r p^evrrtifdu'tr"', "" ""^ '° - •»"■'«>•
When warehoused nl governJ.en'.r""" "' " """"'• "^
under the control of ^hfcX" 'o ' r/orl":?,""::; '"'h
(or consumption and the dutiea paid """
rorTn^nttl^; pl? orhrp-la-c/T'tr 1.°" ■"■" "-"-
not a port of entry they flr>t . ' . ^° Dominion that ia
are forwarded l„„„d,„ 1 '", " ■">" ■" """■'' "nd then
.rana-ah,p„ent L e'Sed°hro;gh'"rea:a or""'""" '^''
broiier at the port of enfrv . \ °' " <^'"s'om-houae
....n. and oth'er .hl^prfpap-er: aT ^nl '■'™'™- ■"» "'
199
TELEORAPHS
TELEGRAPHS
Parties to the Ooatnct Th
'■•»-". (1) the senderT.^e "L"" '™ P«««« '" the eon-
»>"st keep his (or ij) agrte^ „t i7.r "''''8« ""d "ach
i~ wir :=:^ ^: ^t f ^^-^ <- da.,.. .„ ...e
ftilure to do i,; d„Jv i,",!!f '"J"™'' '■y ">e fonipanyl
" WcnS^r '~*'"^^^ ™"'""°" - """
stitute. .he eo^trac, "^rjn If '^™'"' W""'' -ally <•„„.
^end a n,o.sa,e (oa,M a dispat' ) ZT' ,!"' '""»Pa"y "o
effect an ofTer to pay tor Ihl 7 •' "i" *"'"'' " ■•^l-est is in
•he sender „«„eMo';?;'C't!;!t "' "'^ ™"'"'=' ■"•» (D
and the company mav refuse t Z T f "■" "^"''^ ™te
™"™; (2) the eompanv alL , ' ",""''*' *« Pays in ad"
graph with pror^plZZ T^iTJlZT" ■»'-"«« ^"tele.
tZ^'T """""' •" "- - ^■-""''" "'^""^^^
;'- operaTor o'tnreeTt.iS' T"'-'^ " ■'' ''-"■ Hence
ates„f^ran,„„r, nor ad" nor „2 °"m''""' ^""h ^ •»!-
change i„ it. "■ "'"• """t anything, nor mote any
Proinptness Th
--'^'-•^o'^trst^^e^txr;
200
TELEQBAPIIS
of the »e„L,T„r imo :':,;^ r^r^^ -" '".^ ''""°'"
tion in almost every iiart „f ,l, ,1 ' 1 ^ '""'' '" "P""™-
.he submarine eabTer; I e Ih:,' ' „ da^'"' '*'"' ''',""" °'
nauticaJ miles. """"y "* "ver ISO.OOO
-^^i-o-i^B??'----
-d CornwaJI, Eng.am" a distanee"? oTo "-'"".<'■"..'"«,
are now sent remilarlv hv hi? , H ""'''"■ MeasaKes
tanoes, and it L contended Lr"? ^°'' "'•"'''>»'M<- dis-
wirciess .ele«raph;"t™t' .' 'perio°r t^ .^ -'■"""">■ ^-s.
lines. "cciior to the ordinary wire
on^wTltr'JSnt^ll" "-'- '^'^^™P'- equipment
other vessels simZt el npe.l tll'r ? " "■' '"'"' »"" "'"■
safety as well as comfort Sf an o""' "" '"P" ""'' "'=
urably increased by "s „^e " ""^'^ '' ■■»■"«««-
oe!Ii:^':Utr'TLXa:e™er' ^"^-^^^^""^ "-"^ '"
debted to it for the success'^orihei/ '" ° '^'»' ""'»'""•'= '""
at Port Arthar, their Spalwai^hV™"" "■"' "' '*•'"■''
tl.e necessary "i^iess'^ran^^lltrraKervln^^rtt:^
201
1 T' '
M I
ftAFB mnxoDs
MERCANTILE AGENCIES
^kf f*^,?''*"™''' "■ "«»'''i»">mei>t «or supplying mei-
ta buiLr* " *" "" """""^ •'"'""« "' •»'"»• "«5^
rj^dento ii M v«i, at the oounto' information u to the
character and per»n^ responsibility of individuals, firms, and
.uTnstr^nters"""" ""■* '""■™'"™ "^' »™"»'>"' «'
d.^Z'n**'^-"^"'" "" '■"ormatlon thus obtained Is
dednoed what are known and reoognized as "oommercial rat
lugs The names of the various merchants, with the ratines.
«™ «»uod qu«terly. in book form, and are olaasiaed. flrstT
rt.t« and provinoes. then by cities and town,, all ar;«ged in
^nd ^ "? "^T ^'^ ™''™"' «"'"'"K <•>■« United Itote.
h^ln^'' -"^/^ ' '"'"'''" ""^ • '»"»'*" ■" distinctive
bustaes organizations, and yet so simply are they classiaed that
a reference can be had with as much readinen ae the flndiuK of a
subject in a cyclopedia. ""umg oi a
Leadinff Ag».dM.-The Bmdstreet and R. G. Dun 4 Co. con-
cerns are the leading agencies for the United States and Canada.
Ttey have headquarters in New York, and sufr-agencles in aU
principal dt.es. Agencies also exist in Europe, and importing
kept informed as to each other's commercial standing
ch^* *° «r*"''-Thi. system euabie. the sSivent mer-
ohai. to purchase goods anywhere with «.«,nable certain^
ttat they will be delivered promptly, avoiding undue delaTc^^
«quent to mvjestigating his credit. The agency thus sei^^L
iufr:ti::ttZXr.r^rr!x" ""' -" ■"
''•«==?Ce^jfejF^'
202
I
PART VII
Deeds, Mortgages, Leases, Loans,
Licenses, etc.
Y-n
!-■. ,,
1«41 RT. HON SIR WILFRED LAURIER, P. C. C. M. G. D. C. L. U. D K c
M p lau ^""IP'- statntTnan. Orator ' "" "- *■• '-
"■■'■""■ Mm. I,. R.,.i»77, p„„.c.n. ISaS-ltlll
'<il
DEEDS
DEEDS
A D«d u an Inrtrument In writing and under seal whereby
real estate or .ome Interest therein 1. conveyed
The Seal required by the common law and alan hv .... .
in the Older Province con.UU of an lmpre"ln „pS'„ T^l
wafer or other tenacious subsUnce. The Land ^18,^;^
pasaed by meet of the Provlncee and almost exclul; T,
consideration. ^' °' " *""* '""I^rts
.-'r ^: s,t-i-,*'i;rr. Lur -
must be duly executed and delivered if .i™.j V
<.eedsmustberecredo?reSs^r^er.lrjr^
Trr to°L"„ '"''"'^'- " " -"'-a'y.'thoth no ic ::
rmoiy rr rsTid."""' '"-• " °- ■""'"• -- --
rect S/driors """"^ '' """""^'^ - -
805
H irl
■5'^
Idaho, K^tuX £„u ". tana mZT'V""^'- °«"«'«
•tatute. A wItneM should have no ?n, . /"'"'""" "^
The Witney .hould .ubacrlb" 'hat the Zd "" """•
■ealed and delivered" in hi ''°"' *" "Igned,
made to a oorp^ Hlon no ^b^cHhr i"^"'" '"« """ '»
a. the amx,ng''of the corporate .a "o. Th'" " ■'"*"""^-
Poratlon 1, .nfflcent when a "ned t' l^llTT'' " ""-
ahould be made out In dun i^T '" '"'"''■ °»">"
and the other to be Lp"'by "*; rrr' '" "^"""on
die proof Of their handlrlting wWh T . " '"""•■™
Z^^ Obtained, proof ^t^:^^^;^:^^^-
"^ta^at^TnTiir i'L^.r.ri^ti.'Tb''' "■' -"^■
r tVt-^t-to r ;r^ruL~ '-- -
or's creditors. Place to rSer i ?? S* " ""' ■""'""•
ia-d Title Office of tL cCrt or Hc^ i I'^'^A'"^ "■'"« "
the property is situated R»8'""tion District Mliere
.n.''"r.:.^fa°reru;ire«rne7b """^ "'""•"' ""' "-
Title Company Usuailvrll, '^ " "■»"»'»■" 'awyer or
.. signed ^by both^rre/^-rprid'e. "ttt^ the''r "''
Chase Ls earnesTmoS^r """' ^ ""■""" "' ">« """
A W..,- .'"''*'*^«*:''T KINDS OP DEEDS.
nants'^rr^ant'l %\rd'randr'"%;'"' -"'" »-
persons, and to the extenr^pecmed """'"'"' ''*^'"' ""
206
•fSS-^'='"'"-™~->--' ■'■'"•'
eUim to .nylntercfh may'Lv, b«7L™?'^ •'"''»
his title. ' ' ""' "°<'S not warrant
on the purchase money at a flS ?»,„ ' """'"'"' """"■"t
rate of interest '^' ^"■"^ """n ">" »«u»l
a>r«tt'^n'^''tr?anrrr'*°"^ ," ''""'""" —
grantor has not done or 'coLit T '"""''"''' "■»' "■"
premises conveyed are 1^^^ ""'' '"■' "'""•<■''>■ "'=
renuisifion „f .r i «''»rfre'l or encumbered. Everv
207
"<!<
I. '(
Befflstnttlon of Dradu
ITnder the laws of the Dominion of Canada all deeds iind
InBtrumpiita respecting tltlps of real (vitiitt; may be reglHtered
in the RoKlstry Office, or Land TltloM oriice of the County or
neglstratlon District in which the proi'ertv concerned la situ-
ated, and must be reKlstered to retain thnir priority.
Every deed or other inHtrumont respectlnB title to land
in order to be received for registration, must be verified by
affidavit in proper form of a Hubscrlblng witness present at
the time of signing.
The fee for registering depends upon the number of
words in the deed. Unless a deed or other instrument re-
specting the title of land be registered it Is void against
subsequent purchaser r uortgagee, and it is therefore im-
portant that every det^ should be registered as soon after
Its execution as possible.
If a registered deed or mortgage should be lost or de-
stroyed, a duplicate can be obtained at any time from the
Registrar on the payment of a small fee.
Under the Torrens System of Lands Transfer, commonly
referred to as the "Lands Title Act," registration must be
obtained on formal application, the owner of the deed being
then given a "certificate of title," and when he transfers
the title of any part of the property the transfer must be
entered on the duplicate certificate in the Land Titles Office,
and when all the land embraced in the certificate of title
has been transferred the certificate must be returned to the
Land Titles Office.
REQUIREMENTS IN THE DIFFERENT PROVINOES
In Ontario deeds must be under seal, except where e.xe-
euted under the Torrens Land Titles System, which see. A
wafer or some adhesive substance should be used. A scroll
will not answer. Deeds should be in duplicate, one for rejris-
tration and tlie other to be retained by the purchaser.
Proof of deeds for registration is to be made by afHdavit
on the instrument, or securely attached to it.
If different parties to the deed subscribe before different
subscribing witnesses, each witness must make an aiHdavit
as to the execution by the parties whose execution he at-
tests, or the deed, etc., cannot be resristered.
In Quebec deeds must be executed before a Notary Public,
who retains the original in his repertory (the Notary Pub-
lic being a public officer) and issues authentic copies, which
208
DSEDe
make proof in the courts. All deeds affeoting real estate
"Ser^r""' '■'■ '"""'"' "' ""■' """^'^ be«eant
III Not. Scotia all deeds affcctinR land must be executed
..n<ler real and in the presence of a witness, and on^ ake
•Beet a,s asainst third parties from the time of thejr ro.-S
Pro W„ u !? °l n-ortpiBe may be proved within the
HroMnnc by oath of witness taken before the Reeislrar a
JudKe of the Supreme Court, a Notary Publie, a C "'o?
he I oaco or a barrister of tlie Supreme Court. Out of the
1 lovince a deed or moitpase may b<! proved by oath of sub-
H^.„b,„. witness or acknowledgment of partie^s under ont
Such oath can be taken before a Judge of any court of rce
ord by the Mayor of any town, by a Notary Pull °r
-y a tommissioner appointed to administer affidavits without
the I'rovmce. Where the deed is to be proved in a forrian
ounlry, the oath must be taken and the attestation w^S
the date cert.fled under the hand and seal of anv Public
Mimst^er, Ambassador, Consul or Vice-ConsuI of Qreat
hv^„„^'*"f Oolmnbi. deeds must bo under seal, and attested
by one witness. Acknowledgments and proofs of the exe-
cution of instruments entitled to be registered or recorded
may be made by: 1. The party executing in person ch
instrument. 2. The attorney in fact, when such in Uument
.» executed by an attorney in fact. 3. The secretary of any
corporation, when such instrument is executed by such secrfr.
T « , ""'«"•>'»« witness to such instrument,
in Manitoba deeds must be under seal and attested by one
rlr^' ' ," ""•»' ""k" «- affidavit that he was peraonally
p.esent and saw the instrument duly signed, etc. The pr^
visions nf the registry act as to lands not under the Tor-
rens System are very much the same as prevail in Ontario
In isew Brunswick deeds must be under seal, and before
re..-,stration must be acknowledged by the per.son executing
the same or be proved by the oath of a subscribing witt
ness, before a Judge of the Supreme or County Court
or a member of the Executive or Legislative Council, or be-
fr :i":id T-'™.;' -^j''""'''- "■• •""■ ^"'^^y p-*-"" "ppo'-ted
and Im. T '^ "■■■,I'™v.nce, and certified under his hand
and oBicial seal, or before any Justice of the Peace of the
county in which the conveyance is to he reHstcred
16 209
f ' !
fil
OIEEDI
. ^ •'"<<'»»<U«nd «ll dw-U affeoting land mu.t be regu-
t«r«d. Deedg within the i.laml may b< proved upon the oath
of a .ubscnbiog witne.. or any party eiccuting the .ame.
or upon the personal acknowledamcnt of a party from whom
an interest pasw., to be made before the Registrar, Deputy
Kefnstrar, a Judge or Commissioner of Affidavits of the Su-
preme Court, or a Justice.
Fom of Deed.
.!.« 4°J!SrM:'' "" °°'"'° "^ '"" °' "•'•'»" "^ "f' sbbr»
Till. IKMSTIHI m.de lln dupllrali-i ll„. nr« nl .\„„.mi»r In th..
iZ. , T lu'". T """"'"' °'°" """"'■'■"' """ ""■iv. 1» P° r"V'
sow ol the abort Forms of ConvcyancPH Act.
.™^'"r°,/°1° ""■"■' °' ""■ TowD-hlp of plymptoD. County of I.smb.
ton, and ITovlnc of Ontnplo. n.,.ri.h«nl. of th,. nr.t part, and
Anna Bice wife of the party of the Ant part, of the aeeond part
and Harry «. K,en. of the Townrtlp o, |.|,„p,„n. Count, °,l2,^
ton. and ITovlnie aforesaid, yeoman, of the third port
,J!'""","': J"" '° '■""M'™'!-" «' Three Thou.and Dollar.
».1. KIO, lawful money of Canada, no, paid by the .aid part""
he third rnrt to the .aid party of the hr.t part (the ree,.|ptTh re^f
la hereby aeknowl,.d«ed). he the .aid party of the drat part. jS
Oroni unto the .aid |»rly of the third part. In Fee Blmple
JII on.l S(»Bi,l«r that .ertain pareel or tract of land and premlw.
.Ituate. lying and bein, m the To,n.hlp of Mympton. VmM,7l
iTdr,;:,"'.?,^ ',''";■,'"'■'■ °' "°'""°' '■""'"'°'°' "' ■""'•""rem;: '„n.
hundred acre., I,e the .ame more or le... bcin, eompo.ed of the .outh
c:^n-a'fo::;s:'- "• '° "" "' ^•°°"""-' ■>"- ^"•">^"''
To hm-e and to hold unto the .aid party of the third part bla
heir, and o.,u„., to and for hi. nad their ,„le and only o.e Me,°r
"Jim "•"""'"• '" ""' "■■ervatloo., limitation,, proylao. and
condition. e.pref..e(l In the orlKlnal „™»( made theri-of from the
.k'^t,!?''' "f"/."' "" "'" ■"" '■»'■'■"""'• with the ..Id party „f
the third part. I),«l he ha. the rlihl to convey the said land, lo the
•aid party of the third part, notwlth.tandlnt any act of the .aid
party of the llr.t part.. J »<i oi tne .aid
And that the uld party of the third part shall have quiet po»«..-
slon of the said land., free from all encumbrance..
And the uild party of the nr.t part co, enoiil, with the .aid parlv
of the third part that he will ejeente ,ucL further ...urance. o(
tne .aid land. a. may be re»|al.lte.
And that be will produce the title deed, enumerated hereunder and
210
DEECa
.C"Mrt"i" "" """' °' """° "' "" "•"" " "" "'■' """' »'
,')!!'' .'k." ."■"' ■""' "' "" '""' >■"' ""■'•«■«'• will, ti>.. .„i,i „„«,
.f th>. third p„rt that j,c h.. .!„„. „„ .,., ,„ ,.,„„^,, „.. . ^ ,;;;'j7
Anil the niild purlr of tli» llr.t ,>,irt rrlra.r. t„ tbr ..1,1 ™rlT of
ll.o third part ,l| k„ cl.im. .j,,, ,ft, „,„ ,„„,. """ "
doiJr'lo'Z St'ld'!,'!.""" " "■■■ -""" """■ "■•■"" "»'« "■-
hair;";'"!"™' "■" "'" ■"""• """•' -" "-■■"■ «• ">■■''
Hlinitd, ■,.«l,.d and dellnnd j,„„ „„., .
IKBUV II. Kutii. *""* "'"•
AiKdavIt of WItnen:
County of I^mbton
To Wit ■
I. Harry II. r-con, of the Cltr of Samln. County of Ij obhin .„j
Prorln™ of ontiirlo. mrrMiant, makr oath and .iiv : '■"•»'""" '"1
1. That 1 was peraonally prca^nt and did „■<, tho wllidn In.lr..
n,.nt and dopll.ato dnl, .l„,.l. -alnd and ...cuU by ohi n c.
and Anna nice, two of the parti™ tberoto.
2. That the. aald Inatriimrnt and dupllrnto wcr,. ,.,railid liv th.
»ald parllo m the Townablp of Hamla. •ciuiio iiy m,
■1. That I know tbo aald partlra.
doidkatl."" ' '" " •"""""'"»« '"'°™» "> '"- .aid ta.trun,™t and
Swum btforo mr In Bnrnla. In the Coimty *of"r a'mM™''''ti,i
llr.t day of Noyomber. JOU, IwioL. 8°ep ,
A commUisloncr tor taklm alBdavlt, In tho founty of Lamblon!
Fomi of Quit Olaim Deed
(For Ontario)
THi» iKDtBTi... made (In d,.pll,aln) the llrat day of June In
'"■?■?' °' I" '-""' ''°° thouaand nine hundred and fnurleen '
nelween Sam. Bum., of the Town.blp of Eioter. County of Bruee
rrortnoe of Ontario, merebant, of the Brat part : and Walter J "Z"
of the Townablp of Exeter. County of Brace, Prov n " at„Ve» d' '
yeoman, of the iecond part. aioresaia,
ini„™„,» That the «ild parly of the Oral part, for and In coo-
alderallon of the anm of Five Thouaand Itollar. (»s,O0O) of lawM
money of Canada, to blm In hand paid by tho aali ™art, „? tbi
-eeond part at „r before the .e„ll„„ „„d delivery of tbe.e'^ITesei";
lid o T^ whereof I. hereby aeknowledsedl. b«, Branted. released
and quitted elalm. and by theae |.r,..ent, doth ,rant. releaae and quit
elalm unto Ihe .aid party of the aeeond part, hi, beir, and aa.l™.
both at law and In equity or otherwise bowsoev.r. and whether to
fnTo'or'lTo?""""""' °' ""^ "" "" '"" " """ »"' ■""•»"
2U
J
II
•* III
1 1
If-'
r
DEEDS
All null IKnalar thai i-rrtnln par.' I r.r Inrt of land mmA ._ i
.„ /", ''"••• ";' '" >> 11'- "'"rr.nl.1 lan.l, ,,„,! pr..»il*., »|,li nil
rf«r.iilloni.. llmllHtliina, i>n>vl>iaa
ittlKlnnI iirnnt U„-r,„l fr„„i ,h.
Hill'J«fl. IU'ViTthi-l. ^„, ,„ ,
nad cunillllonM npn-iimtl In i
I 'ri)WD.
in Mllitent wkiren/ thr i.;i
their ImndH Nnil hi'iiIm.
Hlk'noit, K4'nl<><l iitid lirllviTvit
lu i>r«M>Di-v of
I>. H. (JlTkr.
Ili'ci-lvi-il on tlio iltiy i.r I hi
FlVf 'riuiiimlQil IhtllarM it7,ij(Mi
nun.'..:
11. U. UlVltT.*
il linrtlin lii-rflo tiilvc h«-ri>untH
Kam Dirnn.*
' of this la«l4-nturi> the fliim of
Hah Bums.*
rona of Connywice of Fmlioldi by a Vmdor SoIimI in r..
ample to a Fnrcluuar, Wltbont Bacitali
(VW .»wf(HIBdlMid)
Tiii« lM„;»ru,:, mndc Hip Sd dny of Jnouarr, lOH. ■itwiek
A. I. of s. J„h„-.. I„ ,h. l.,„„d of X,..t„„„dl.ni. aenHom^r'"
!...■ ..n,. i„,rl. ..i,d c. I), „( th.. ,umc place. Umtli-man. of the olher
|»rt „-,t»„..,;t„ ,,„„ ,„ ™..l*.r.tl„. of the .,,„ of ,'io,ooo to
the .»ld A. I. |,„ld l„ the .„ld C. D. (the reeelpt whereof I. „ ely
no the ..1,1 , . 1,. ALL THAT (de.erthed premtae.). to have a»d to
,';.';',;■„;'"' •»' "" ■>•■'■' ™ ^i« ^" "' th. „id c. v.. hu. heir. .JJ
1 wiiEBEor the »td pnrtlo. hereto hn.o hereunto M
• hand, and seal, the day and year arat above wrlt-
IN Wir.VKS
tbelr redpitth
ten.
Porm of Quit Claim Dmd
(Kor Nova Scotia)
T„ia l»i,,:»Ti«„ „,de thi. thlrty.|lr.t day of July, ,„ ,he
.y.ir of „„r Lord line Tb„n.„nd Nine Hundred Thlrtcea JtTWKv
Jam,, Jone., of the Town.hlp of Colehe.ter. to the r'untj ' t BKh
mon. , l-roTlnee of Xovn »™tla. yeoninn. of the One fart and torn
Satlt:,. of the To.-„.bl„ „, , oi.be.ter afore.ald. of the ot er Par,
I .T.N«..KTH bat the ,ald party of ,Ue Cr.t par. for and „ „n
-Ideratlon of the .um of Two Thoumnd Uollnr. (»2.000) ot lawful
u..m,.y of the I.„u,l„l„„ of fanada. , „id Jame, Jonc, In hand
well and truly paid by the .aid party of the .econd part at or before
212
MOUTOAOEI
tl... .>D.'.jju, „„,! a,.,iv„„. „r T,i,« |.„,„r., lb. r..c..l|it wi,..r,.„r
"n.1 I.J lli.«. IT,.«.DI. ,l,.ll, ,r.,ir. ri.|..,i«. .n.1 qull ,l«ln. «ZT ,!
tloo of luodi, i„a,.||i.r «lih mi „„d .mauliir tho PnJm,.n.. t^S
in anjwiu' »|iiHrwlnln.-. with ii„. r.'v.r.loii oml .■...■..~i,„
li" (Hioit. riKUl, tltl<-. intcriKt. claim ppom-rty aod drmiiml i^.tt. »i
ITovlnc of Sovn S.otl«, .. ., *''°' ^'■'"•
.,riU°r "!" """;'■""" "»>■ <" •""J. ■»• D. 1013, before me. He .ub-
::ru,,,v:,^;ar r.rb,?vj::r""- ■'■""•° ■""-• «"-•
B- C. JoiiNsrpN,
A CommlBsioaer lor taking AiBdavlti, etc.
HORTOAQES
L
n.^^ **• " ' '""">'""•« of property, either real or
iiiiwtsa!.t' b<Toiii..s voiil anil of no volnc
i, cX'l't?' ''"V"-'ri"' P--«on niortsasin^ l,i, pro,H.r,v
» called the mortf..n...o,-, a„,l the per,,,,, to whom the „n, l'.
sasre is given the niorti;niree.
EEAL ESTATE MORTOAOES
<riJf„J?h' ^""1° ""rtmiKes, a, ,,snally written, the pe™on
giving the mortgaRe retains possession of the property, re-
213
i
1
?!
MOUTUAUES
.ue and recover „p„n tl,e note or bondor t r'S^Z
to ;^''u;e''d''e''bt he'r " ""' »"«7-t^->™A-rt,: s
note "^ '''"°™'' *'■" '"''»"''« ™ "'« bond or
ment:nhe''k"d''°'°I^\l''""" T""'" "'«' ""^ »"■" '»'«"-
n.o^a'r h^a Ur Hgh %rLT"\f ""™''"™ "■"
eS in te lort^a ; "'"'"^' "■™ "" "" ''^'^™-' '» '""t
214
UOJfTQAaEil.
HOW TO FOBECtOSE A HOETGAGE
thrf^,l^l?°^" "' """■=">»'-■« ""y ta Offf'rent Provinces, but
the following general 8tep» are common k most of thei;.
1. AppllcaUon to a Court for authority to foreclose.
•i. Hearing the parties by the Court
3. Selling property under power of sale.
4. Aavertlsing the property.
B. Selling It to the highest bidder at auction.
£1S
i-
■''Vs«
ill
im
t f
Ir*:
MOBT0A0E3
a. Deeding it to ll,e purchaser.
^^^^ Mor.Ka.ee t„ki„, „„„ ^etaiain, p„„,e,«io„ of t„e prop
to ttri'^J.""^ ^"^'- '--' -".aining from ti.e sale
Form of Hortfage
.joa'i^'.irLixr.adiij^fri;'' ""' -^ " *'"'■ ■>-
of Mortmge, Act ■ '"""Ma. la pureuaare of He Sbort Form.
Of mo'Enr„r„ °„'f "CTSl: "' "*"•'"■ '° "- '^o"..
b.rela»ft.r colled Hie a,o"g»,"r ' °' "" ""« P»«.
^__^I;.U. Good, ..fe Of U.e p..;, „, .,, „„, „.„ „, .^^ ^^^^^
tte Mid Mortgagor doth Graat ond mIU '' "''''°^"""''"*<'>.
>Jortg..c, .,e ,e.„. «.c„torr' adra,Sor..r ° ..Sa'. ^
u./i'.t::?e.'!,r"««t,:"t .r'%' " *"" »' »-' -^ p™-
•«ld. coatalalig by acton Ij 'Town.hlp „f CoIche«ter ito"
(5th) Coace»Ioa of the To™hfrof r f". '""' '"' ""' f'""
r.ell» Good, of the .econd nT« S f Colchester oforeaald : nad
land.: ""°'' ""■ ""'!>! bar, her dower la aald
i>.u^rrLnri zzvk'T„,:°'L7,^r?' °' "- ^''»""->
oeat. per aaaum, .. follow.- '°'"''" """"o" °' A™ per
p.Jhi: rfS-Xi'Tarai^^Ltisr r"™ " - -"• »»^
Fifty Dollar, each, with "tere.t ^t ?e ,f, /r """^'^ '">
•aaurn oa the uapald prlnclaa? ™v.. . '" °' "" '*■• «»'■ PW
■»o»t Of prlaclpal The flrSt 'of T.i "°"°"'' •""■ "">' "■«•"■
iater,.t to be dae aad P^jabTe oa th. arrj""',' "" ^"•""'•" »■">
Mor...',o" 't,rA7?L"l"r„'" "'"■ ""■ "■'-■ '-«•«- «.at th.
the .aid ProvlM, tLt the Mortr,™rh7 "°" '"'■'''■'" »»•' °"«""
Of .i° ..ldyadVa?a.rr?;''„,Zr"'' "°"'' '■'""" "— °-
1
lU
216
MORTQAOES
pency ; "'" """ '"■■■ Six Iluulrud Hollars mr-
Provldid that th,. .nM « .. """" " ""■ "nlU [irovlno.
«o„.t, „„, „„".,'.!;'„;" infri'. °:,r."„" "'.r"-" '- '<-
^_^ Pr„vld.d .... ,1,, „„„„„.„ „„^ ^,^,^^___ ^^^ ^^_^^^_ ^^ ^__^^^
.«f rr ;;:,^ tr :;.,::::; si;--' - •- ■— « -.o,,
1T"VI,I,,I ll,„t „„,„ .lef,;,,],, i .„ ™°"' P""!)!,..
th.lr"l,„"it""*„ "™r°' "■" """ ""'"" """"> -'e li,.rru.,„ „,
Signed, ,„„i,.d „„,, j„||,.„^
In liic pn-spnce of ^'*'' OooD,»
Grant Jaulsom. Lwla Good.*
County ot HIcliniond
To wit:
mrj^o'^d-L.rnZro": L" J'S ."n'd ^ "'"' '° "■" <^°-" "
Oood and ,,.„» Good. ,„„ or ^^^ ^tZ Ztl '"' """"■' "' «•»•
.be -..Id par,;:: nr'fnc'vC" ""fb"?"""" '■"'• '"-""- -^
of rolohpMrr. ' °' '^"''•''ester, of the mli Townsblp
D.puZ" ' '" ' """""■"" """"» '■- tb. Mid ,n.,n,„,„t .„d
Sworn before me at the Vnin™ _»,,,,. "'"'" J*MIgo».«
mobn.,.nd. .b. „r.t r/o^;crtn°t'bf°;:r:;"o:? ^'rd,<^r»;;^ ■•'
A c„..„l..l„„„r ,„, „„„, affld.v,t.Tn'ii.''c.'re™:
Tonn of Mortgage in Foe of rreehold.
(Fop Newfoandlaad)
P.rt, and M of;';, ' be^e "am. 'Tan:!,'!''''' °"°"^""'"' "' '"- »"■■
part: loereinart.r called tbe mortenKee), of tbe otlur
;:^^ire=TXe':,-- --rt:-;;- --
.0 tz -r^,- ^jrr-i^nj'jfp^^i^err:
MOBTQAQES
with IntPfPit at the rate herrlnaft.r mentioned >»u».rf i- -
of "'/, per .nnum. computed from the date hereof "
.he;'7re"e:t.".;r,s: LYd c^'orr' ■'■■"''™«'" "«• ».*,
A.VD |,„» I»o,;„Tl»Si ALSO WlTSESsmi Th« In IW.L.
Ali, that (parcels),
To HAVE AND TO HOLD thf SBDle UNTO and TO TH« HMF A» ♦>.
.a^zz^^:^ d'i"„,''ri'/".i.r .r'-^ "•' -
In nriTNEsa, etc.
Short Form of Mortgage
<Far British rolumbla)
Tills iMOE.VTi HE. made the dni- of ~. ...
"nnd nine hundred and m i.ursuaneeoVVhV';';' °""
1-=./ 1 . *''"*^"'"'tn. that In I'onsldernt on of . dollnr..
Emwmmm
the,'"h:„ra".d ieiT"'- '"" '"' """" '"■""° -- '■"•"■«° -
218
Uortgage of Leuaholda by DinnlN
(For Nvwroundland)
Tm« iMDBSTtHE, made the dur ot 10
BITWE.:» A. ..f. etc. (mortMKor), of the one pkriVnd'B'J '.;■
Imorljiiiu.e), ot the other part- "'• "'■
O.o'^r^^iZT' ""'" "" "■""'• "°'' '" '■"'°' '«•""•- '--"■^ I"
::r^HrF- --»™"™'.-^^:;err;i
..Id, tte ,.,d A. a. ,s».r,c.»L „„„KK. doth hereh, demlw uoto the
oe„;":; :;■"::«' «r..':":.tro7- "■' ■""°"",^/ -^ "'■■ ■-
to lie demised 10. . .. exuressed
•t .ny time therc.utler, upon the reque.t an.l , thecoH „ Ihe .T, d
A., hi. exeeutor.. ndmlntalrator,. or a».k
preml»™ unto the raid A., hia eiecutora, od
or as he or tlie.v shall direct.
"The-;;:;;;ir;:^':^r„rxr;r;::„;:- '■■- --■-«-
eje^^dSi^r^^irrr^h:-^-:-?-™-
01 nie Bu d A. ID his name and on his hehalr and as hl« art nn.V
" "3rt„^e;:;"ir'?,m'*- "'"--..••^dm-ini.-.rrr':. ::"i,z
irnstt hln, or them sle" , «T,;;'Md° "°^ """'"' " '»■"''"' '»
uiem BODject as aforesaid, ot In any purchaser ot th«
219
surrender the said
ilstrators, or assigns.
'If
ii
r
M
i
r
MOBTOAQES
-.0 pre.,.,, „ .„ „„, ,„„„, ,„„ ^^^,^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ _^___^
In witnehs, etc.
DUcharge of Hortgage
Have ,»,|,«,^ „„ „„„„. i";'* °":"'°°'' "^ •>■■" Tborp. m. ,|fe
WUnc, my l,„„j ana sea] mi, lir,t day „f May, a. d. IM*.
WltUMl: JoaiPH CL4«K. (g«|l.J
JuUN Smith.
Form of A»ignm«nt of Hortfaca
(To b. Indorwd on buk of mortraio)
A. IT'imT"'"""- ""•" "° ""-'""•> "-' "■"" Oa, „, Ju„.
jbei^r-.,'r.r!,°:.r;,'ir.^iy--r^.:^^
l!.e receipt wherrof , bLi .^^L^ by tbe porty of tb. ,„„„ „
-Id, .na\..s'iUbr.b:r„™i™i?-d„T ""•"'• ''"'•'^'«'-
"..d a»l8, ,0 a. party „? th. e™,^d °'r. b„ f?°'' '"""'°- -"■
mlnl.tr.tor., and asalsn,. al lb" Xbt m,'. , ' «"■«''"■ »"•
mand whatw,»er of him the o«„v If ,; ""' •, '°'""<' <^lalm and de-
land, and tenement. m™t oneTaL delr^,^ ', 'T °'- '° "'"' W '"«
And al.o (0 all .„m and "urn. of lot „ '° "" «■'""» "ortww.
and none remaining unpaid '^ """"^ "^ "'""' '^""•^
recover ".r .re Z 7„°ny ra"It°r "^ l""' ""•""■ "" -"
Parly Of the ar.. par., n"!' bl*"„,:S"ir;,C';nhT.are "'• ""
.e.;je:=a^";^r.h^^;-- !!raE— .;r ^"••°
Jambs Jones. [Seal.]
Signed. 8^«ied and DeliTewd ^°"" ^""^ **^''
Id the presence of
WiLLUU WILSOH,
MOUTfi.lGES
Form of Mortfiit*,
(For Ontario)
"' M..rtii„.™ Act. BRw.l i„i' , k' '''°''' '" ""■ '">'•" Form.
™.trr, ,„ ,„„ .■=Jt"orr,™„," .ri"iT;,°;, 'I''' 7™""''''' -''-'"■
ln.iffr .,n..d the Mort,.«,,r or ,hV ar.. J . T'"' >''"°'"°' "■"■
.ho T„._^«,„p .,„„„„« »„^„°/„.'j; :; ,r^ I,-",,;'--' "-»>.. .r
..on'r-rr'srrnd ''Z.i::z°]zj:;:r"', r"" " "-"'-■
.hi! .aid luorlsoitcc lo Ih. J.1,1 „ . "'' °' ^"''"''" ""«■ pnld bv
.c|,.o„,od.odrz%i''',i.r. ' .r rr.in!,''.; ti. """•'"" " -'■'■■'^
O'er. A1.1. AXD sivrti*., ♦..„*. ''*"'^* ""•' nialKntt for-
pro,„i.o. ....,."0 " "id'S^UTn" ?.,."Tr' :' "■"' "' '"-' »»^
...orb.'X'-L-r do'.;^,f i;:t r.;i .rd.""- °' - ™- —
i;.nr;;;Tr rnTo;.!!';;'-,"-;-'?,: - -- -»-"<■
tbe dnto hm-of at five ikt <■,!,» nL« mtorest to hi- computed fr,>.n
Th ij . "^ "'■ P*"^ annum, as followH •
dr,.d r,„„.„ o.,h,\,,br°;o«'.',',bo r„,;'„7zi;r"r ■""' ""-
on .b,. i,u„.id principal. payabl",„ J,„ L ' ?,? "^ ,""■ '■'' "■'°"°>
principal. ,bc flrat ot ,„cb p." nonta of ir. , ""''" '•"'"<"<■" o*
l-e and payable oa tho flm ?arof i™ .''°'„°°'' '""■"■"' '» ^
.ov.™i p„,.„o„„ „, princlp" „'d'l.,cro.,'i„t°„i''?- V" "'"
above provta. kat .^^,,..^0, b-T "^ '•'"■"« «nd ob-crve the
-aid lands. And that b. ° afthe H^b? ^'^ '""^ '° '" """"• '» .he
.be aald mortgaiteo And tba on S /^- ..'° '"'"' "» """I land, to
po...™ion ot't^T>zZTL:izi'i,r"''r """ "»'•'■ '>""■'
.he .aid mortga«or will o.ocato .uch for.b '°""°"'"«™- ^nd that
land. ma,. !». „,„,„„, And tharSb^t aaanrancc, or the „ld
ac. ... member the -aid and. AnS t^a tt^e" 'S"' '"" ""°'' °°
m.ure the building, on the .aid land. f„ .h niornraeor will
the principal money berebv -ecired lo H f, °°'°'',°' °' °"' ''■»» "■"■>
ranada. Provided .bat If .„ ,"'"""' '" «»""" <>' lawfnl money o-
ln,„rable va „c ^ L bulldtoj.^r,'' ""''' ""° "- """"" '""" "■'■
.0 any „eater e, en, than .„e" taalSe"™?" ""'." """ ""■■ '-""'■'l
.he ™me .hall l,e I,... tbmm . 1„ , "• """ " "»"' whenever
n^nlre .„eb In.,;.:™. t"",be"'f„ "'ir.lbb.''" ,*'" T'""""" ■"■"
prejudice to .he rorcgo... atatutorll oTaT,'";; U tthof .^„L"d"t'h^:
221
li.
UOBTGAQES
the morluN,.... niny r,.,|iilri. any ImarnDrc ot tbr Hid balldlnin to be
riincfll,.,! nml ii n,.iv Insurani^ .Jvctc-d In iin oBlo to bo Damrd br
him or them nnd iiUo miij, of bl. or thplr own arcord ctprt or main
1.1 to any In.uranio bcreln provided (or and any amount paid by him
or them Ihorrrori. shun Ijc (orlbwllb pnynblf lo bim and them nlth
Intcroict nt tbc rale atorimid by tbe mortgajor, and aball be a cbario
upon the land. v""i«t.
AMD the tiald mortanBnr doen releane to the aald mortgag«e all hia
elolm. upon the sold lands, nubject to the aald provtoo. The said mott-
naitor rovenanta with the aald mortuaseo that be will keep the aald
lands and the InilldlnaH and Improvement, thereon In (Ood condition
and repair, aeeordhw to the nature and deBCrlptlon thereof, respeetlve.
ly. and that In turn ol nesloct to do so or If the mortsajor or those
ilalmlnii under lilm eommlt any act of waste on the said lands or
make default as to any of the covenants or provisoes herein contained
the principal 1 reliy secured shall at the option of the mortsaiee
forthwith bicom.' dui' and payable and In default of paynust the
IKiwers of sale heri'by tflvcn may be cterclsed.
AND the mortitaiiee may from time to time make such rvpalra as«
they may deem noulslte ur proper, and the amount thereof shall be
added to tbc principal and bear Interest at the said rale and sball be
forthwith pa.vah]e.
I'RovioKD that the said morteasee on default of payment for one
nuinth may on one niunth's notice enter on and lease or sell the said
brads. And provided also that In case default bi> made In payment
of either principal or Interest for three months after any payment
of either falls due the said powers of entcrlns and Icaslni or selling
i>r any of them may be acted upon without any notice. And a'so
that any contract of sale made under the said power may be varied
or rescinded. And also that the said mortnaiiee may buy In and
nwll the said lan<ls or any part thereof without being responsible
for any loss or deficiency on resale or expense thereby Incurred Pro-
vided that any such sale may be either by public auction or private sale
and either for cash or (.1 credit or part cash and part credft and nt
such sale the whob. or any part or parts of tbc aald lands may be sold.
I'noviDBO that the mortgagee may distrain for arrears of Interesl
Provided that the mortgagee may distrain for arrears ot principal In
the same manner as If the same were arrears of Interest; provided
that In default of the payment of tbc Interest (or any part of the
prlncl:uJ| hereby secured the principal hereby secured sball become
payable.
llioviDKD that the herelnliefore mentioned notice of exercise of
isiwer of sale or leasi\ or either, may be elfectually given either by
leaving the same with a grown up person on the mortgaged premises.
If occupied, or placing the same on some portion thereof if unoccupied!
or at the option of the said mortgagee, by publlsblnR th.' same twice In
some newspapi.r published In the County In which the saM lands are
situate, and that such notice shall lie suKlclent though ni.t addressed
to any person or persons by name or deslsnatlon and notwithstanding
any person or persons to be affected thereby may be unknown un-
ascertained, or under dhMblllty and on any sale time tor payment
222
UOKTOAOES
to l™«, „r .cii „od tbat tbo remedy of l^h . „ ' """""W flnlmi
-.-..., „o,„ „d .be „,. -o*r"ii;ei!i-prr.r.;,r ^^^
,uM^re^,„ro',r'.rrdr "'°"- •- ■°°«»«' -- b.,.
...frorfboTiSTjdX'nm;" 'o"? .?,"""- "- •«™-
«iulv.l,.nt la »„d pajau ° .t tb„ Lml H ' '" ""••"i"' « n rem
"■-».. of lolere., .^'bereinbifit .""L","' "" "■°"" »" f" my
tbe Il,„rl,.,oe m.y In de„„„ „, „" "^'r ' f '°'"''"- ''WW"!
tb. .en.„.., hereby ereateU wi? ToUce '" "°^ "" '^"""•^
bf'ar lDter,,t al tbe .,,me rate and .h.ii? , . ""'""" "''""■•I "O
mor,„«„r to tl,e m„r>,„,ej' ,„d°?„'5; ' '« 'r''""" P".'"ble by tbe
.«m bereby .ecured .ball become pn/r,! .L"!^" ""' "''°"'»"
beifby ,.|,en may be e.erci«Hl f°rtbiHh .1,^ . ■""""■" "' ">'
tlw even; of the mortmsee^tilr' „r '."' ""' ""'I""- '>■"! In
out of tbe money ^27'^ol,tl°' "°','""' '■''"»'' »' 'l"lm el.her
•"■•U be ."titled trrS-eouHleaZd":' " '""""» "' - "be,
perMD. w „„id off, «„d ar^ bel^b. °^r'.' i."" °' ""■ <'"•"•' "'
cb.r„tbere„f,„t„«"^°,.;,';„J''^J' ""'"""""l to '"■!» any dl-
I' they Iblnk at to do „"""'"°'' "" ' l<""" PTiod tban .l> „„„tb.
.b.eb",brmor,ia";T..id°.'^.'""m.v''r 'V"" "'" »' ■<" '■"»
.ball .land rh.r„!i v,M,i",Z,'ta:Z''''' '^ """"" ■■■"■• «»«
bo per^oi, .hail baye an, rSbrto rn,!„ r T"'" '"'""' '"'"'■' »">
apporti„a«i upon „r In re,„ct „f I"! k °'""'="«'' °"'°">» '" '»
mortsasee may <ll.cbar1e ^^.^1,? oj ^rti^Sr ""'!? "' '°'"' "•'^ ""
mortgaBrt land, for iaoh 'o^2,Z<^ "j"° "'" *° """■ »' »•'
proper or without con.°der.,°o„ If hi !k "' ""' ""'" ""'•I'
;ll.ebar»e .h.l, dimin" b " ^^i.idlce M. " T "'• "'' "■ "'"»
landa remaining ondlMbarirrt !^r;.„. '' "■™rlty a< agalnrt the
tbereof be not paid .rm«url.Mh ""' ■"'""""I <•' »"> ,
to pay tbe aamfex"pt after tb^ TT ^'^ """ ■"" "» ■" ""-"
morLasee or uponThc. p" yment 7? T""" °°"" '° "■■"'°'' '" "> '
•ueb notke, and l„ ,he T,l^t«, n ? "'°°""' '°"'""' 1° "'" of
vl-lon. 0, thi. mortgage a "onL'tw ""r"" "°''" ""■ "™-
added to the mortgage debt '°°°"'" '°'"''"' ""»" "«
tbia^rnV^tr'trLStrgrorL'^r 'i" •'■'°"" "■'"—•
to. aucb mantlon or ro,ere"n-'«.°;iird"e:r«.'.'orer;:! a^dTn'^jr
223
II
'»<
ill:
ill;
UORTQAGEH
the tn^ulDn. «dalnlitratora ud «u||tii> ol tbo mortgafor mxl mort.
gogeo, rcipvctiTcl7.
James Jounioji. [Heal.]
Mart JaKX JuiiKHnx. iKfnl |
Iw WiTJiMii WiiKBMtr tb« MM partlet hereto bare bcrvunto aet
tbtir band! and s^iIb. *
HIsDPd, Bfalfd and Dellreml
tn tbo prtw^nro of
JOHH K. WiLROX.
COfUTT or PRANT,
To Wit:
I. Jobn P. Wllaon, of thfl VIIUko of Ancartfr. Id the roimiT of
Brant, Clerk, make oatb and My :
1. That 1 wan personally prcurnt and did w^ th.- within Iimtni-
ment and Duplicate thereof duly BlKniil, wal.-d aud tzecuti^ l»y Jamt-s
JobnaoD and Uary Jaoe Joboaoo, two of the purtlfi tbmtu.
3. That the Mid Inatrummt and Dupllcatf wore rxpciilfd hy the
uld partita at the VinaRc of Ancantpr, of Hid TowUBhlp of Amliatrr
3. That I know the uld partlfi.
4. That I am a BUhicrlblng wltnrati to the said lDMtrum< i,t und
Dupllrntp.
Bwom to before me at tbc TlllRKe of Ancanter. In the foiinty of
Brant, tbla drat day of June, In the year of our Lord, 11>13,
John F. WiLtKN.
A CommlMloner for taking Affldavlta, rtc,
(Where mortgagor U unmnirled the following declaration must be
added to mortgage.)
CoLKTi or Bramt,
To Wit :
I, Jamei Jobneon, of tho village of Amnster. In the roiinty of
Brant, do •olemnly declare that 1 wa>i at the time of the exicntl.in by
me 3t the within Iniitrumrnt unmarried. And I make tblK Rolomn
declaration conaclontlouily heUiVlDg It to be truu and kuuwiuK t .at
It !■ of the Mme force and effect as If made under oatb and by virtue
of the Canada Evidence Act.
Dkclared before me at the vlUng.- of Ancaator In th» fouuty of
Brant tbla drat day of June. 1013.
A Commltaioncf, etc
Form of Seed Onln Mortgage
(For I*rovlnce of Manitoba)
Tina l.NDEKTL-RE, made (In duplicate) the fourth day of Auguat,
one thousand nine hundred and tblrtoen. between Jamps Dixon, of
tbo Towuililp of niHtrlct of in Uii- rrovlace
of Mnnltobfl, hereinafter called the Mortgagor of the first part, and
Arthur ScovlIIe, of said townnblp, hereinafter called the Mortgageo
of the second part.
WiTXEssETii that the Mortgagor for and In conBlUcrallon of Five
Tbourand Doliara of lawful money of Cnaada to blm In band well
224
MOBTOAOKg
1" ■« M ten, ALL iKD «...,vr" n ■ "" ■•«"™'°". namlol.
baKbrV" """".'T' ""'•'"""" '""■' •1.0- M„r,.,..,,.
Tu llAVi; AMD TO Hold ill am, .,vuiia. fh., ™
iMTi xrnio Icriua of payment)
Or Hhiill wpll and truly nav or rA...» t« k
mntmlnB witldn tbe prrlod of tZ' . . '^ proml.,or, not.-
»l.«h.r for th, ,h„,o f;™, any oartTr" f'■"°:,K'^ "»"■ "'""■"'■
"' rat,, aforcald: which .aid " 1,""' """'""'"■"">'"™"
l..rol,r „.<.„r,.d '"""fral. .e>.urlty for paymtn, „, ,^^ j,,,,,
nn.T „„r|,o.e. anythin,. Zm .o^'m tl"^'" '■"" '» »" I""-'"
nny,-l,o notwlthrtondlnc ■ ^''°'°'"""' '<> ""■ rontrary tl.orrot |„
.y ■r;."iU!rr At"»r,.,:r,:;.""r' °°,- '--" -'■"--
•"111 .MortBacrc agaln.t the MorliiV ^ '" "'"''"■I'l ""to (hu
other por.,m or po™„, .t„,";T ""'' "'""' »" "-' -"•
A.vn the MortBacor iloth herehy . ,,-vavt ,..„„
and with the MorfBUBee that the M „ ' u '""■• ""'' ■'°'"^" >"
t™ly pay or oau«, tr^e paid ,mt„ 1 T J'"" °°"' "'" ^'^ "'■'
money in the ahoye nrov^rm T J ""toKee the said ,um of
aforesaid on tEe day'and tJc ai°d°7n H " '"""•'■'" "" "«' ™"" "»
the payment thereof; ° '"" "■■'■"■' «""'' """IM for
225
MOBTUAOCI
Ann »i«ii r> cms Di:»t 1.T mAix ■• jud> id tiii rATitKT of
tbe Mid >uiiM of money In lb« uM provlio Duntlonnl or of tht
lotrml thrrniD or iiny |iart tlwrrof or In .mo. tUi' MorliJiiior ■ball
mirBpt lo <ll>|io>. of or In any w«y iinri with th,. |H...,.„|on „f
lUe MM crop, or uny of llipm or lo nmovt lUv luiiii.' or iiny part
llirmf out of t:ii- IlriMratlon DUtrkt of or .uBm or
pirmlt tlw Hni' to Ix ■.'l2<'il or lakrn In tiituilon wllbout 111., ion-
iK«t of Ibv Urirtiailor lo nuill ulo. rimornl ..r illapoul Itoriof Ont
bad and ubtnliinl In wrllUig or In cnie ilic .Mortwuor iliall oMmnd
or atU'mpt to abmond from or l.ov.' tbv mu\ I'rovlm.' of Jloulloba;
or lo ra-f thf mild Mort|iB|{<'r f.-.tpt iinnnft; or ln..i-tur.' or di^m tb«
cropa aforeuld In ilankvr of bi'lne aolil or nmorid ; or upon tbo Imue
of any Writ of Humncna or Klot.m.nl ..f ilului for u mon.y .btnand
ngalDit Ihp Mid MoruaKor or tht- Imhoi' of any writ or wrlu of
cii-cuUon upon any Judumrnl a;,-oln«t Ih.. wild Mortiiniior or uiion
Ibr arliurv ol Ibi- iropn afonaalil or nny imrt lli.rrof undor any uncb
rnrullon: or In cax' t:ii. uld Mortiioiior »linn full lo pay ibo ront
orUlw out of thf land and pr<'ailH>.H upon whivh arc xltiiuti' and
lying tbv cropB nfonitnld at any tlmf durlnu tlio currency of tbia
Jlortiaie of any rtnrwal tb.r..<,r ol Ira.t nli day. In-for.. thr umo
■ball bMomp duo^ or upon tin. Ihiup of any warrant of dlntniiH for
Mid rtnt. or on thr lalluro to Iniurc or keip Inaurrd the .ropa aforo
Mid within the meaning and provlsloni of tbU Indenture, or upon
the ibaBdonmeut of the iropa oforeMld or any part thereof, or upon
lb» Baking of any anbniment for the Inneflt of credllora ^ or upon
the arrnt of Mid Mortgagor on any criminal ihnrge. or the laauc ol
•cy writ of "eapln>." or attachment agnlnat the Mid Mortgagor or
In caae default shall bo made In the performanee of any of the cove-
nanta by the uld Mortgagor In the«e pre,enl« lontalni^ and ao often
aa the Mid erenla or any of them may happen.
This and In every aurb cuae It ahall and may be lawful for the
Mortgagee with bla or their ..rvant or aervunta and with auch other
aialaunt or aaal^lanta ai be may rmulre at any time during the doy
to entir Into and upon ony landa. tenemenla. houaea and premlM-a
whereaoever and whataoever when- the crop, oforiaold or ony port
thereof may be and for auch peraon or persona to break ond force
open any door, locka, bora, bolts, faatenlnsa. hlng..s. gntea. fences
bouaea. buildings, enclosures and places tor the purpose of laklng
poaa<«alon of or removing the crops oforesuld. .\nd If the cropa
OforeMld have not motun^d nt the time of taking possession oa afore,
sold, then the Mortsngee shall U' at liberty to remoln In poaseuloa
of the sold premlwa until the cropa aforesaid have motured and been
converted Into niarlietnble form and sold,
.\jiO upon ond from and after the laklng possesalon of such crops
as aforesaid II shall and may lie lawful and the Mortgagee la hereby
authorised and empowered to nil the ero|H afori'sold or ony of tnem
or any part thereof ot public auction or by private .ole oa to him
may srem me..t ; aSD from and out of the proceds of such sale In
the first plo.e lo poy ond reimburse himself all audi sum or sums
of money oa may t:;en be due or owing ond accruing due by virtue
ot tbeae ITenenta and all auch .-xpenses aa may have lioen Incurred
226
'■ .iu.ii A
li Hkcl. lalliir.' or iiln<on.llni, a. .bo.,. i»,.ni|„„„i „„,, ,„ „,.","■
.;' :r:jiLT„"zTr; 'ii ""•," """""- "- "•"• ^-"'» «' "
!• lur... .1, !»»""■" ■>' "II "lull xum ut .uu. „t nii.n.» und
,. ,1 '■■ ™»»'r.l.in iiiid Kulo and „tu.r |«i,i„,.ni „r il<„
... .,•'.»," '■•'""" ""' '" ""'" ""'""■• '■""•'•r.K.ii uDd
MHTtb..|,„ lb,,, I, .„„|, „„, 1^ ,„,„„^..,
... , '»'' •ll"l'»«- "t II... irup. uf.,r...„ld l,.il ibat .„
■ ,"'r°'.n' "": """ ""■° "' """■•»• ■""■ """-"t
, ■■> ■ ... .. .;;; " ::Z TuZ'J:. 'zz '::j: "tt
. '■"""■•" "' 111" lIort,ii,„r o, ,„, ,„|,„ „,„ „ ° ;
■ _^'v .no „,. u„rl.„.„r d.„l, h,.r..l,, r„rlb,r ',,,^,7,°
d«m«,. I„ I..II or llr, 1. „„, ,„.„„„„ „«" . , aulhor". d ,o ,ra»
r;';^', :;'"f '"■'°""' """• "•' "" -» •«™ir,«ua „Vd d.r..;
°""!,;°''.."'Ch" "■■"'■::'•'■ •"" "- --'-ip^i ';.. b...^^;,r.t.„s-
In';:;;;'.,:,' 'i^rb'.' """•■"°"'' """-"-"^ '-" "-^ "- -- s.
wi«'T;L:."„;''"i'>" '""•"'•"' »">•" <•• '<•>• m.."..... .l™,, .. „„
.ci^'r:,:^- X si^'.jo ,=- r-d:;: ^z z
227
UOBTQAGEB
ProTldcd Iurti„, that In lu™, .ud, .i.urliy „r «.cutm,., bare been
or may hcrcafur b. elvon. tHo pajmeDt ot the „„o .L.I b^ ™
•IdrriHi pnymmt "iiro lanto" of ibl> JlortaBo
I'BoviDBD tbnt the MortBUKor. bl» belr,, executor., odmtal.lrntor.
Md ....tan, nre and .ball be beiiad by the <o„„anl. kad .tl,," btlon"
hereto mntalned, and the benellt „( ev.Ty covenant or , " .Hon
herein conlalaed on the part ot the Mortsagor .bull eL^ to a^S
ZZ^ fr? '"■'''"° '"•""•"^ ■"">■ "'■ •■«T'^^l"ed by Ibe heir.. e.e°„t°r.
ada nlalrator.. ,ue.v..or. or a.»l„n. „( tl.,- MorlBasee and aKai",;
be her., e.eeutor. adml„l.,r«tor, and a».U-„» „t The JIor"a„„r Lnd
"id .e"e;aT°°°'" '"'""° "°'"°''' ""■ "■ >-• »■'"■"•«' '-^'"iZ
It 1. aluo agreed, whcn-rcr the .Insular and the maacnllne nm
n.ed Ibrourtont tbl. Indenture, the .ame .ball be eon.lrT^ aXea"
Inlo'l'o Cnt" •■ "" """°'°° "'"° "" "";■" "' "- -""■•»"'-"°-
un.rjsfLrd'j^ur '■""" '° '"^ ■•'^■■™'" "-■ ^"-
JaUES Dl.tON. [.KAI,.]
Sia.vcB, SEALED A.VD Delivebed In thc preiencc 0(
srhip'r'"" •" "-rt- ,'°""^ ■.'^"^"""-""■•. o, the
iown.blp ot lo ,b„ Province ot Maaltoba. the Jlottaav.e
li^T "' ""'" "' """ °' """'""' ■'»°''«'. i oalb
That . the Mortsaior In the foreKolna Bill ot Sale
dep.rn',° """""^ -".ed 1. Ju»,ly .ad truly I'debuil °,'„ 'tt
nJe"'i'b'on;and-nol,a-rr„,;.!;:io^rfb^,r'"'° °"°"<'' '° ""= '"" »'
TUAT the .aid mil of Sale by way of Mortaaite wn. executed In
80od faith to .eenre the purch.«. price of .e,d Br^m and J^ti.
expre.. purpoae ot .eeurln,; payment of the money .„ Ju.tly djo or
necruluB due a. aforcnld. and not for the pnrpo.' of nroteetlnrtbl
ehatT;rmo?;a"'";;r;„r';f '^. "° r 0?""° ■"™""°"! '- "-'
buabel,' .,""""" °' ■ ;■ ■ • "' """I" P-r bu.hel and
" a '' "' ■, ■< eents per bn.bel.
SniiR.s before me at the Ton'n.hln r.i ,„ .u „_ .
of Manitoba, tbl. fourth day of Ausu.t. A.' I,.' ,Vl3. """°"~
r.„..,„ ■. . '^ f»"n'l«»loner for tnklns Allldavl't. In n. n. etc
Canada. ITovlnce of Manitoba, ton-It :
I. John IlarrlNon, of the Townuhin ,./
ot Manitoba, make oath and ."""^ °' '° "■- '•"""■■™
That I wa. pcr«>nally preK.nt and did «=e the wlthto Bill of 8.1,
228
=11 !
Uy ■
.iml -VrtlMir KrovlU,. th., „„rtI..H thm-
|nirtli„ ,11,(1 tiiat tiw nai
wIlnpHH to till
"ilH iIi-iHtni-ot.
of
mo Jolio Ilnrrton >et ond «ub.crll.', ". .
s., „„ , , '° ""■ ''■■"'■'■'™ of Mnnitoba.
ot Manlloba, thl. fourth d,,', of Aiwu.,', .v! a ini,-,: '° ""' ■''''"""■'
A CommlMlonw- for tnklns A(idavitV'ta'ii. H., rtc.
Form of Chattel Mortgage— Live Stock
Criif Provliuv of Snskntrhc.wnni
silvery Of ,h,.. Pre,™,r, """''p, wbLofr^'',"'"''"' ""''
I'r,-».ntH .H,T„ JLx;%™r til';!''" .""■'''■'°''''' "°" "^ ""■"'^
stock.) ' '° '"''■ <"''rc elvc location of live
and unlll the,. I'r,,™!. „„- fnUv , ,M , ^ ^ °' °""""' "" '<"" °"
'^,", " -ndcd"b/;b,'Z,s ;';'br.,;d d'';:;.- ""■;• '"■■••-
nt liiH own (>Tiiiin...> n. 1 1 »■*•'" I" ur.inueo i»y the Morteiiirnr
<o.t and c,pcn» oL"tonndTh,,;r T'J" """ ™""" """ »*' "'"
by «....,. pr,.,,.°.l, '™"'°°"" ""™'>- '° «•■■■ Prl-Hpal m„„oy ,..,,,r,.d
either 1„ addition t " n n™^i , , " ,':'""' ■",:■ '"■ '""'"■•'" """•"■■"■
afnrcnld live «o,k. ' " ""'""""1"" '"r "ny or tbo
A»i> ..so, any and all Hvc .took, horoaft.r purchased or acqulr,^
229
!1
II
^fl
ft
rm
M0RTUA0E8
pi-ney
thew prvaentH tir any
' utock, unto
l»y tho M.)rtKa«..r diirlnit tli.
«l«c notvi-ithsMndlnii : couirarj thirc.r la any-
for" vL™. rLrToT,. T^m"" " '°'T?' "• "»• "°"- "'"'"'°""'
- n. .^ >n':;L:: sz::;r3°;;^;:'m:;; jrt:
uald in ., , '"•"'■■'■"t "Oil rompound lnt|.r..»t arp out
i" 'Lp«„pd ,z s, ": ';:;.2u.*'r;!,""" ""-" ^" ■°°'''
Oicn du,. and >u on rr„n L ''°'"'"' °° "'" negrritatr amount
impound ,nt™.. ^a,',";:: I'-zz ^:%,:':^^'i^i;jr"' "■"
..».» tbo ...^ Mo,™"/'.'.'.:;."'^"^"" ""■ -« "- ..ock.
.„Ver °°- "'"'""• """■"> ■■-'""-•p-onoV^rJrrC;
TIlEfAMFVrotV^.L.H ■"■'"''* '■>"': ■"^'■■I.T SHALL R|: MALB IS
o of tb" tater,. h^ „„""" "' "'""'■'' '" ""■ ■«''' "■•'""» ""-ntloncd.
«.«» .bXti r,"°:,rnr"d°Lr',,;'rr„''.:' '" """ ""■ ■^"'"■
po-.™,l„n of th,. ,„ld „>-,■ stock o^an V f th 2 *,""'■ """ """ ""■
or .a, par, ,„or,.of, „„. ofX' ;;:.ir/,„'„'"„"',„";,,r:,™"" ""■ "Z
«a,or .tall .„,,.,, .„„„ „, „„„„ „ j,,^^^^^, ,^ ^ ^^^^^j^^ _^^JJ^i^
230
MOBTLAQES
::=':, ■.-.'—£ l~- ■ - ™ =-■-
or t],™,».lvo, or Ur or witl M» „ ,h I »'°;K»«"<-- I'.v Wm»..|f
wllh ,ui.h otlur n,.l.l.». „r » , ^ . "'"""' "' "ervuit., and
:iS'",„.;.'T". ""- -'™''™ "^'^"-° °- r.°»;°Xr":;!r;.",i;i;
.^.''aL";,:!. v:'..';";;o„'?.:7„:.rLr- ,r. -.r: -?■"••
p^.j^s»r:LrTs;d~'£SHri^
;rc.r;;;r :^d'r^cr'°^rd""'V" «^"^-
«orr:::/;;r''..d"rrr ""--""■' "-^^^^
-';;- ■' f '- p":™.rr.-,s„°„: 'd'::".L?:?":,-r.° :;
o? ';„. pro";ro/;„z„r.?;v"/ r? --'^ -»■' '-"■""»«
-r:; ?:r H~'^ - °-' -'='" -,^
=td r;rSr H™""---~v:^
"II ri; ™t:; — yzr^r E™p-"i=o-
aiorreaiu. and the Mortgamr dotb horcliy further
231
I!
I
HI
ill
n
P'
M0RT0A(IE8
Interruption of .i,„\t . J "''"'"'■ lilndrnnie or
""^'i^'. »''i^en,-Vr„„r,«srx„:Ltr™" -" """'-
durtn, .,..n ,;r,;'.,f„rV;.oi o„z"2. 'c"! '„';; rtL''""";. "'"
or ox.outlc.n ,.itant „BOln,t M \hr,~ °- "' ""' J"*""™'
»o pn,„, ,o„c..,„.r'„,',n°':, ItreraU'an",""..;!""""; °' "r'
BO paid. "<i-«" Hiin siuli HuoiN of nionpy
And t.,e Mor.wgor c„VE.v,Kt» with the Mortgagee ,h.t i,
2.12
MOK'i'JAHEB
will .lurtni! thp coDtlnunnc,. ot tl,i, „,„r,™
t" b,. approve,, u, cr," «»«,.",.,„,, f°J° r"" """"""■ '■'"'.
Thou»a„d U„l]a„ ,„j wm pa) all , m! °' °"' '""" "'"° TLr™
B'Seo . I1.C pdllcy „r B„||i° ,,,*'"" •"" '" 'l"' ""U Malt-
apporh,l„,„B: V„„v,»/„rLarL l/°",rT "^ """"" '""-"■
nlam ar .urn. of nionoy u, thr\r„' WJment „t „,j „„,
IjiTcby .ocorvd (a»d .ball b™r 7n° r™t », „ " °^''"' '" ""' ^l"
day of Buib pa,ni,.ol) and .io,M ' " """"^ '"'• ff""" tbe
nfocraald. loaru.u «i(ii tUo repayment tbcriot aa
.^'x.:';;.^nL"^s;i':^..::i'r:i"^ """■■' "-'»
l-ltalor. and „,»!„, of lb. partL b, rf . ' """"'""■ "''"'l--
prw«ly m.-ntloned tbercln ■'••"Peitlvtl, „, „ j,.
•be plural or tbo f,a,^^ . ^berr.L t". '"V T"'™"" " ■»»"'■■«
«" rcflulri-. """" "" •"■"•■«t "< tho panic, heruto
a..rjMrr\:.'dTr-:t';..''""'™ "• ""- ""«-" -c. b„e.
SiMCEL Joil»aoN. [8I4L.J
William Ulbn.v. [„„.. ,
B.a».p, g,AL.„ .»„ D.L,v.„.p ,n ,1.0 prc^nc „,
Caaada rrovlnc,. of Sa..a,oh....„, ,„..i, ., """• ""—
I, ttllllam Ulonn, of tb,. Townsblp of
Sn»lcatchc.vian. ihc Uortaarav In th, / ,' '° ""' ""vince of
«».«,,„,. na„..d „„u. S';. °, 'SsL"',!,' '/'i""'" ">■ "»^- "'
l-agor, In Ibe fori'mln- mil „, a„, , '"""' '"bnson. the Mori,
la Jii»tlj and irul, indel ed i^ n h" ""'■ '" •'"''"isai!.- naui.d,
Morto,,,.,. .b,.r,.,n'nam"'t ib. L oTrb' '"'T'^ ""•'■'■ "-
monlloned tliercla. That th i .,, d Iin? ? » , T ^'"""•»'"> ^ollm-.
w«,, ,.„cH,t.d In ™,d faU and ?„r 'tb/' ^':!" ■"■ »"'• "' «»"-.■■«.■
tb,. ,myn„.„, of tbo money .0 J„ °tl, d ,h , """"" '" "''•"•"^
■aid irnd not for 11,0 p„rno„ „, „ Jf, T " "^'"blns doe a, afore-
lb tbe 1,1,1 of s„,' by""r or ilorSl.""' "" ""' "•"" "'"tloned
aald S«,oo,.| Job„„n t"o' v'rt^a^or Th "'? "' "■" ""<"'"" »' ""
1.8 the er„ll,or, of oeh MorlZr fro™!", TT"''' "' °' ■"'■"■"•
i-laln, a«„l„.t ,be »ld MorSo" '°'°'' ""'•"•" »' °°»
SWUBX IIKPUKE IIK lit tllO f
Of sa.i„„„e„„„, ,1,1. „„, day'of's:,,°e„;.;;;A; D.'°t,K" '■'°""°"
* STIT"" '" ""••' Afflaa,lt» In'
Saskatcbewan.
*l
for the Province ot
i
;ll
M
1 1
III
!l:
UUBTQAUa
lUDuilii. frovlnco of Saik.ulii.,«n. luwlt •
I. SiimucI Johnimn. or tlie Town.hlii ot f„ ,„.
till- wthln MorlKair,- and I om ,.„rr.,tlj du«Tlb«l ili.-r, In 1 nin
no, .b.ol„,„,,.. „„d ,n „, .OK. „„d ,„Llvc. ,l,b Z Zj Z
wtlbln ctiattcl ujortKasi*.
vJ,„J'" "?"" '°^" °°'' '""«•'• ■" correal, dcirllwil In .aid
Morti-w, „nd .r,. now nil in Bo.«i tondlttoo „nd r,.,,„lr ;,nd mc
wwtli todnj- nt 1,'ii.t Thr.',. Tlioa«ind l.r> In ca.li
... TUal mj Itabllltl™ In nil do not -.m-d On,- IlundM llolloi,
J. mor,. la no mortsm:... LypoHirc. ||,.n or ilnim ..t any i.lnd
l.a.l,.|., or any porllon o( tl..-m. »»^ the within morlBascv and no
and'cha'tiT' ""-■ ''°" T ""' '°°'" "^ ""■°"«" ™ wH'cl. .id BooS^
and clinttplH or any of tlii-m arf altuati-.
or 'l:,fl'l''" 'r °° ^'"'""'■»' "■■ '-I'-^tl.m o( any kind now In tor™
or ...lant asaln.t m,.. I clala, th. .aid cblttel., or .ucb portion
tlirrmi a. n.ay pr„pi.rly b,. .„ ,.|.|„,.d a. ...ompt from ^"0™
under any ,.,.™,l„n or other proee™ „r any ,oan and I will ^
Claim then, until .uch m„r..a„e I. (ully paid and .au"! I und "
tak. to pay th,. .aid m„rti;ai!o acordlnt to the tenor thereof and
not to .ell. e.ehaoKe or otherwl.e dl.|,o«. of an, of the chattel,
hcren de.erlhed without th, eo„.e„, la writing of ,h. Zr,JZl'
therein mentlon..d until the ™id llortrage and mtereat are full,
«. I aiu over twenty-one year, of age.
tent' noil TUM'" °''°*" •""■""•" '"""S other.) ,1th the In-
Moe,.r» . , ''"''■■""" """■""'■ ■" "">»■'>'« the within named
";" Mfr't^age." "'"°°™ ""• """"° °»°""' •"" "° ""• '"-■■"» »'
ASP : make ihl. solemn declaration, con.rtentlou.lv bellcln,,
it to be true and knowing that It 1. of ,he .ame toree and eff«?
Tso" " °°"' °°'' '"' """' ■" ^'"' <»°"'"' '•^vldeaee ,"t
Declaiikd before me at the . of I th
TTll faf,"""-""' ""' «"• 0"'"°' 8ep,VmberVi;-,hc ye.^
* 8a°r.'e"h'e°w°«. '" ''""' *"""'"■ '" ■"" '"'"'"''-"» o,
Canada. I'rorinee ot Saskatchewan, to-wit •
I. John Ilendrli, of the Town.hip of |„ ,be Pr„rt„,..
of Hasknichewan. make oath and »ay ■ 1 rovln.e
Sa e hj way of Mortt-at-e duly .leaed, sealed and delivered by Sam-
tTorthe"re:!f ,- M "" """ '""""'"■"' ■■" " ""-•»• •» ""■ «'■'"'
hat .hi ' "'■"""■ '"'"""■'■'"■'B o' -'» thl. deponent, and
that the same was ei.euiej at the Township of T . . in ije
Mid Province ot Saskatchewan. in ine
234
THE TORBENg 8TBTEH
1
THE T0BBEN8 LAND TITLES SYSTEM
™t«bll»b.j title and tru,t compnny And oven T.r .' T ""
unoortnlntT U aToldcd. The n„bllc r....ir,r »? fh' ■ "^ °°''
1^ ^ . »• M 11. *» me TvgutoT shows a morteasc rfln<>i>i)Mf i*
l» not nrecMrr to ttamlnc the ln»tn>mcnt to .e» 1( It u in Lr
toba, Si skntchewan. portions o( Ontario, and XortliwOKt T.-rrltorl™
235
ji:
m
THE TOURENS sysTKM
rem of Jhti Vain Torreni Byattn
n
I. Henry JobDnon, of the cItT nr nttnivn i- »k #^
In th,. olll,,. of L.nd Tm..!T,. r. ^'' "■'■""""' "°'' '"«l«l"r.-a
her,rj; "rsowrjt-tji.r.r "■• ••"' "™- -'-■■■
D-M «.. .... d., 0, „„ ,b„„„„j „,^^ ^^^___j^^^ ^^^
Wltnen : ,,
N.th.n ,„n«. .MH^rj^v"?""-
o..n'-r'.'./°"°"- "^ ""— -"- ^^^'^^i::u
Um°l\LTnk°J 'f! °'° ■I" """■""I"" '". ">»< >!.<■ »l»v.. named
Ibl.'"""' tTir " "",;'" °' °"'""' '° ""■ '^™°" "' '■■""■'°"-
A. n . ™™»,.;,v«,r;',!c ""•" ""'""'■■•■
rorm of hud Traaifer Under Land Titlo. Acta of
Sukatdiewan and Alborta
=;«ro;'::^o^ i:::r,n- ;^,;;^r „^-7;;°S
kn..,n „n,l d™crlb,J „, foil,,,-,; ,^,^, l„,ort if LXjil. •■ ^
name ,„ ,„„, „ddr, „ „„' «<<J.Zorlm.,-.ytr^JZ'''T
rocolp, „ .„,cb .„„ , „.,„„, „.,,„„„,od„o LnZ ,X " W
THE TOBRE.NB aVBTEH
..««! on ,.„ a„ .^„ o.,.«, ,, „„ ,. ^^,^^,^ ^^
in tb. Pr„,tacc Of mnkewhaod
I,
nay
.. o( .
°-- ■ l" ■'"' 'or tb,. eo.,n,y oj
ronn of HortCHe Under Tomn. System
.or,.« a» .„ no.liJ'brrr™i3ur„J.r":, ■■""?■■'• '"-" '•"' '»•
on), or th«t plcco or land (htro Z. ? J ° '^ '■•">'"•>■•' b'-re.
.... s<rtlon ....,Towo.h7„„f ' ""•■"»"»■' o( land), port of
""■I, ronlnlnlnit .... acre. ,»'.►'»' """"•■• ' <0' >• the catc ma,
rl«ht. of wa.v...n,om.n?.7f'a"v inU?^","""!" ""• '""■ """» "-t'
tl..- land, and If ,hc and Zi ",r»n.°..^ 'T""^ °'"""' ■""'
orlBtaal .(rant. r..f,.r thoreto ™ dMcrtnlZ „? "" ,'°°'"*'^ '" ""
otbcrwlT „.t f„„h ,„ ,„, „,° , ", J"°° o' n-'wla and dlaBram.
dollar, on tbo ..'. da, of A no "' ""^ »'
...":r'-.b^i,',ar'i.x':ri,rei:ai-"''^ •"°' « - -» «
""J' of and „n ,l,e "^d"; it ' T""™'" "° ""' ••■
™rt','rv:' '""■ ■p'^'-i ™'«nnn;.vi,':n';r' ""■
■ina for thp lu'ttor .rcurinji of the nid r n .1
ninnnrr »for,..ald of the nrln,1n»l .,.„ . . ' ""' '•'POJ-mcnt In
•crlbod. ' '"''' "°'' Interest in tbo land abore do-
.l«,'o°f "".°."". T'""' ' '•''■' '•"'■"■'"' "»=••« n.. name tbla ....
Slynod by thp iilmvc namod A n ■» » A. B.
(.n„rt n.o.„ra.d„. of°';V^^es'°an7rn°LlS-i-,
237
If-
Uatt
•1
BLACK roX INDUVTBY
TH« HOH. OHAILCS DALTDN,
The l'loOi><>r In thi> BraMjInit of the BltviT Black
I- ox In, lYlDce Edward Island.
BLACK rox nrouBTRT
<AbrtdK«d from OfllelHl Report of CaoadlaD CominU»loD of Conserrfr
tlon,)
Kca Fabmisu l8 H now Indiwtry In Canada, but Its derelnprnont
una been rapid. According to thi- report of tbe rommltteo on Flaliirlo*.
r.ame and ForBearlng Aolmalfl, published In 1013 by tbo Communion
of Coniierratlon of Natural Heiiaurces, the moat remarkable mitfceM
ban been attained In brerdins rilver nod other color pbanit of the
fox comtnoQ to Kflstem Canada,
Locality.— Up to the prevent time (he domeatlcatlon of wild fur-
iM-arlng animata has U-cn practiced moHt extenBlvely. and nltm most
KiicceasfuUy. In the Maritime Provincea ; but the Indunlry 1h devi-lop-
in« rapidly la Ontario and Quebec, while iiolated fur-fiirma are to be
found throughout the Western ProTlnces.
raiCKB.— The black and dark illver ■klna from foxca produced on
ITInce Kdward Island iaDehe» have rarely brought leaa than live hun-
dred dolltirn each, and frequeDtly bring over two thouaand dollars at
Ix>ndon auction nales. The pioneer fox breeders have acquired wealth
In the business and their BuceesH has Inspired their netjhbora to en-
gage In a similar line of work. Naturally the price of breeding stock,
ri'siMJndlng to the Increaned demand, has risen to many times the fur
value, so that the ownership of c-ven a pair of silver foxea la Impo^
fllble to the average farmer.
BLACK FOX INDl'BTBY ||
CoanuTiiixii AID
"•I mtllion. hovi. b,,,
k^n.. ..i».i. Which ^„L°!o.°u;,"'?''r !° ""■•■" ""■
ported into ,1,, »,„,„„, IZl^TnX,^^ J'"' '°"" ""'■ "»•
price, ihTc UU.V.. [Jc o"t,tac3 I. .;^ ,,'"■ '"'■°* ■"" "'1™"'»1
»( . l.l«h.Brad. Mick L ',Mc. ™ ., 'f:'."'"- ■""■ "" v„l„
•nd hl> former purtncr. Ho".?, t OulZ ? ' '" ■'''«°'"''- '■• t'- >■■
■ ho„t ins: ,1,1, „, ,„,„, "|,,..*„„ • ■J"'"" l"""" cipcrl,D..„l„,
Utcr. hr b„„rt. ..0 «!,;■„* Ivc?,'"','" " """" "' '>■"" •■o»d
«d from Ant.co.,1 l,\°l", LlZnm«Z m" "'''"'""h, Ul,.rlct.
dlfferrnt .„„,,. f„r uLoat ICD vc^. f,^M„ ' .k""""'""""'" '"" '"■
.1™ oxp,.rl„,.MIng with .liver fZ; nl!' ,"' "°"' '""'™ ""■
...nd, „f Which he „.. th" :„'|,'S„K He L" "■"■', "" "■'"«"
the p„l,llc with the ncccllr „, kc^p.«Lnvfr ?,''■' '" '""'"■"
hi. pen., con.tructed within on ouUH^ , ' " '''' ™°''', und
■ren. were the n,„le., f„r ,° S?e.Jnt >v.,r T""' " """"■' ■""■ '»
Oillton Join,,, In,,,,,,, |„ iJoroT iher i^ .° ranching. Dolton and
out .i,cc,...t„|„ .ne present form. ow.r"- ""'■ """"■'■ ""''■I
built 0 ranch ai TlunNh .fiVl . . , •'"rloiure.. lo ISI)-, Dalton
rnnch. ,1,. JU,'",:"'. , i" ,':,^"j".^« » "•" |»>"re«t In th,.' ZlZ
Mle. for the dl.trlcl. M, Oulton'. ro.c, """""!' »"duct.J the f„r
.. tho«. uf hi, lale part", Jam" "»' '"'" '"' """"'■ »' '••■"
al« .ondncted „ generr" "".'poaTn " wnr^h""? """" """""
.elllnB for foundation br„^lnK .,„ck h'.T - '°"* " '"" '""■ '•">
80 great I, ,h„ demand that "he nHc^' m ° T"'"' '""■ '"" """•
jear,. from »3.00« 0 pair to «,,,S^ ."T"""'''' '""■'■ ^'cn In two
provld,^ f„r thci, I, in,„'°aw,"„?' tnT r """■'• " "" "°" """"^
fnr-h,.ar,.r» durln,. vJ^iTZi..^" Tt "'"'-"T" '" """' ■"•»""■'■-'
beacr, for ran,hlDg pur„„,e, ,7,1, L "°'""'"" "' ""I- '"'
o-P. .■rince .dward l.J. .j^- *» J™;^,^ S'SS^
239
mcMocorf rewlution tbt chart
(ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
I.I
12.2
12.0
I
1.8
^1^1^
^ APPLIED IM/1GE I™
.^^
(7161 *82 - 0300 - Phon
(716) 2SS - 5989 - Fo.
BLACK FOX INDUSTRY
nnd Qufibec to hold the naimala during the close season, provided they
have bwn caiiKht In the open scation, or brought from a point oat-
side the province. In all the otlicr provinces, no ranching can be
legally done without a permit from the provincial department charged
with the care of game and fur-bearing animals.
The amount or capital requibrd to finance a ranch containing
even three or four pairs of foxes. Involves the organization of com-
panlos or extensive partnerahlpa among people whose experience and
location are suitable for fox-ranching. In the autumn of 1012, at
lenst 150.000 was required to build, equip and stock a ranch in Prince
Edward Island with five pairs of flrst-class stock. Many ninchea
have been equipped for less money, but cither cheaper wild or un-
aelected Htock irom Newfoundland or elsewhere was purchased, or
options had be.'n taken at an earlier date on pupa for delivery at that
time.
Tub 8ILVEB FOX industbt Is centered al>out the following points :
Alberton. Snmmerside, Charlottetown and Montague, In Trlace Ed-
ward Island; Tort Elgin in New Brunswick; riaatrc Day on the
north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Quebec city in Quebec, and
Wyoming in Ontario. An attempt was made to aecure expert opinions
from qualified furriers as to the final value of sliver fox pelts when
they ure ;jroduced in aa large numbers as those of red foxes are
nov-. The consensuH of opinion was that because of Its greater
beauty and more favored color, silver fox fur would bo three times
as valuable as red fox, natural black furs not occurring commonly In
nature.
Because the silver fox has never been produced In considerable
numbers. It has been Impossible for furriers to carry a stock large
enough to warrant advertising it and featuring Its sale. It has
been difficult to obtain even two matched skins at one sale. Under
the new conditions, when thousands of skins may come on the mar-
ket season after season, matching will be easy, and the beat fur
stores can carry In stock enough silver fox to warrant the featuring
of the stock.
Cautiow, — The promoter has entered the field, and companies are
being floated whose capitalizations are based on present high prices
and rosy speculations of profits. Although there Is ample basis for a
sound industry In fox-farming. It Is necessary that the general public
should realize that the industry is liccomlng a highly speculative one,
and that the Individual who puts his money In companies loaded with
a heavy burden of capitalization assumes a risk.
240
HOBTOAGKS
CHATTEL XORTGAOES
security and yet retain DosM«f<,„„f .f'. "'''"'*'■"' "
furnltnre. machinery, tools'^^nibary "etc"' Thi. cLT^h"''
RniM GoTernlng Chattel Mortgages
alllclavlt before one or o.hV^? ?. u^T"' ""'" »'"" ■"«*«
8age is taken for 1 bonaSde dehf .^rn"/"'* '"^ ■"''"-
Of defeating the morWr't crtditora """ '" '"« '"^^
hecrerX..V''e%TrnTs ^rhaTr/T.f''* "l"'^'-
must be renewed bi^thefllng o? a^^ri^' 'I""' """^ "
the mortgagee within the III!.^^ "*""' statement by
rersary elcfyerro the last mina'j;; f"'^'''^ the annl-
renewal. - ' """^ °' '"« mortgage or Its
Similar rules are In effect In other provinces
ady?nrrtrt,metf°?hrsS/o5 ?.°'^ """"^^ "^'-^
also to cover futu™ advances Th" """"Kage, but
only the Chattels or stock in ;-de!n tTe''„°"°/°""' """
time the mortgage is ilven h„;".i ' Premises at the
substituted therefor ' """ '"'' ■""^'' <"• <=•">"«"
to "?o^Tsf:?y"„^^erg"vr^ofirsta"nV'';^'''"''' '^'""^
chant to a wholesaler at ?!,.»„ ,f' "'' " ■■*"»" ™=r-
good, to the former "' °' ""* '""' «»PPlylng
melts' ilTa'cIf cl'ae'^ °'"'^''^™ ™"- '" <" ««« re,uire-
anlVromTt crr°see!."trH",h?'":.° '" «'^^" "-=""
parties. '"^ "*'"" »'"' obligations of both
17 241
i
'4
S
t
MORTGAGES
Chmttal Mfwtgag« with Power of Sale
THii INDKNTURB made fin diipllcate) the tenth tlay of June, one
thousand nine hundred and twelve.
Between John Smith of the Township of Berkwlth, In the county
of L4inark, Province of Ontario, yeoman, hereinafter calleil the Mort-
gaffor, of the flrBt part; and Wm. Punn, of tlie Township of Bet-k-
wlth, fn the County of Lanark, Province of Ontario, yeoman, herein-
after called the Mortgage-' of the second part.
Witneaaeth, That the ..Lutgagor for and In consideration of Four
Hundred Dollars of lawful money of Canada to him In hand well
and truly paid by th- Mortgagee at or before the aealing and de-
livery of these Prt.-.^nl8 (the receipt whereof Is lioreby acknowl-
edged) hath granted, bargained, sold and assigned, and bv these
Presents ttoth grant, bargain, sell and aaaign unto the Mortgagee,
his executors, adminlstratorn and assigns all and singular the goods
and chattels hereinafter particularly mentioned and described ; that
Is to say :
(.Here deacrtbe chattels and their location.}
To Have and to Hold, All and singular the said goods and chat-
tics hereby asaig.ied or Intended to be assigned unto the said Mort-
gagee of the second part, his exeoHtors. administrators and assigns,
forever, as his or their own proper goods and effects.
Provided, Alwat/s. and these Presents are upon this express con-
dition, thai If the Mortgagor, his executors or administrators do
and shall well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the Mortgagee
his executors, administrators or assigns the full sum of Pour Hun-
dred Dollars, with Interest for the s;ime at the rate of Ave per cent
per annum, on the tenth day of June, ini2. then these Presents shall
be void and every matter and thing herein contained shall cease de-
termine and be utterly void to all intents and .lurposes anything
herein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstand-
ing.
And the Mortgagor for himself, his executors and administrators
shall and will warrant and forever defend by these Presents ail and
singular the said goods, chattels and property unto the Mortgagee
his executors, administrators and assigns against himself the Mort-
gagor, his executors and administrators, and ngoinst all and every
other iMrson or pei^ons whomsoever.
{Here follows a declaration of Mortgagor, that h^, his executors
etc., agree to pay tUe Mortgagee, his executors, etc., the sum of
money as provided, with interest, and in default of payment or
attempt to sell any part of the chattels the Mortgagee toill have the
right to enter premises of Mortgagor, seize and sell the chattels to
satisfy the mortgage.)
(A further stipulation provides that it shall not be incumbent
upon the Mortgagee to sell the chattels, but if he desires he may
retain peaceable possession of same, or in t>ie case of sale if pro-
ceeds do not satisfy the mortgage, the Mortgagor is liable' for the
deficiency. )
And the Mortga'gor doth put the Mortgagee in the full possession
of said goods and chattels by delivering to him this Indenture in the
name of all the said goods and cliattels at the sealing and delivery
hereof;
And the Mortgagor covenants with tlic Mortgagee that he will
during the continuance of this mortgag.- and any and every renewal
thereof, insure the chattels hereinbefore mentioned against loss or
damage by fire In some insurance offlie (authorized to tranfm/^f
business In Canada) in the sum of not less than Four H?nd«d
242
MORTGAGES
mwS T,Z\^^ £0?;:^^""' »"" T"'" «'^™""- ' r that
deliver over To tS^%M^S"l^^iJ'"L'""'"r, ^""""" '"' '" »"''
tor«. ihe poiiey or nollcle. nf f,?S„ executor, anil a.lm„,li,ir„-
lulnlnj,: rrov|d,.d ,h.. 1I „„ '".'"'""ee and receipt. Ihereti, ;,pDer-
"r a.lmlnl.tralor.' may pay thf !Sr^,"",„^'"'*«ee, 1,1, execulcr.
"hull be uddrd to the debt lifr.hvi^?; "."^ 'T'' """" "' "'""'V
at the Mmo rate froi^ the dlv'o?"."^ i""" *."." '""■■ ">"""
repayable with the p°rSclpal Sm hcrTy" S'SS"" """ "" »
.e.'"heTr"Kr.'n"d.7„r«;r ■"""" '° "■=« ^"»— -- "e™an.,.
Signed, sealed and delivered i„„„ „
In the presence of ^"^^ «»"«• '
.a^ihr.c^'S? Jsit-UDidS'iSiiir tS;;:!^.-" - »-
WItne..: C„*»,j„ BLAKcHAno, j<,„^ s„„„
Ontario. *''"DAVrr OF MORTGAGEE.
County of Lanark,
'To Wit:
Lanirir"?eoma°n°- t?,'e M'rUaTef 'l°n Ih "J^""","- '" "■» ™""'y »'
way of Mortgage name"°Sf o'ath a n'j .'aT^Tha*. f "1°' «","» ">■
Mortgagor In the foregoing Bill of fli1» h,°„ "?' /e'"' Smith, the
1. Ju.lly and truly Indebfed 10 m.h 'h ""^ "'"""B'S" "•'"led.
Mortgagee thereto n.S. In th"%„m „f''''ro,!?''„"''5' ''"""■ '"»
menlloned therein. That the said Bm nt ?.?|/ """'i'-ed Dollar.
gage was executed In good faUh and for S' "'' *""' "■' "°"-
-ecurlng the payment of the mmer^ Justly d.^J^n"" """"^ »'
as aforcMld, and not for the DuroosT,,} ?,„..»* ""^ "ee™lng due
chattels against the creditor. „/ .^ "' Pro'eetlng the good, and
gagor therein na,;Srorpr'e°v"ntlng ft, Tjedlto?." „?"''''.• JI'" «"'-
from Obtaining payment^of Iny flata 'agata.t hl„ "'^•' ""'«"«-■
Ontario, ^- ^- '" ^^^ 'Of t^e County of *LL*na'rk.
County of Lanark,
To Wit:
I. Charles Blanchard, of the Vlllairn nf Car-i^t^ t>.
County of Lanark, make oath and iay^* Carleton Place, m the
Charles BI„nchardrsetai^dsuSnbed».i ■„?,"" """ '"= "'""e
Hon thereof. Is of the proDcrTin^t,,?, " ""nes» to the execu-
and that thi same was rxTutedt fte'"/ow°„ o'S^'M^'n,*",''"''"''
said County of Lanark, on the tenth day of t° „! "''"l '" ""■
nine hundred and twelve. "^^ ""« ""'".and
Charles Bi.a.vchahu.
Sworn before me at Al.'nonte. In the Conntt, „# t
tenth day of June. In the year ot our Ejrd 1912 '"■''■ ""^
R. Graham, J. p.
243
FARM LEASES
■;.K
FARM LEASES
While the foregoing laws are of general application to land-
lords and tenants, some additional features [lertainlng to farm
leases demand special attention.
Oeneral Duties of Fann Tenants.— A tenant of a farm is bound
without a special clause in the lease to cultivate the land, and
generally so to manage all the alTairs of tlie farm as good hus-
bandry requires, and as is the custom in the vicinity.
Oropa.— As a general rule when no time is specified at which
the tenancy shall cease, the tenant is entitled to the so-called
"away-going crops," or crops of the present season, but when
the time is fixed and certain the tenant is not entitled to such
crops, because he knew when he sowed that he took the risk of
setting his crops off before the termination of his term. It Is
also held .that the tenant leaving is entitled only to the annual
productions of the soil raised by his own labor, which does not
include the permanent and natural products of the earth, such
as trees, fruits of the orchard, natural grasses and the like.
Local usages of the country are, however, largely taken into
consideration here, and special statute'* of the Provinces may
vary greatly in this respect.
Hanure.— It Is a general law that manure upon a leased farm
cannot be removed by the outgoing tenant.
Tixtuni. — The question as to what constitute fixtures on a
farm is a broad one. and we can only say that respecting this
the rules are liberal in favor of tlie tenant. It is stated in a gen-
eral way that a tenant may sever and remove at any time all
such fixtures of a chattel nature as he has himself erected or
placed upon the rented premises for the purpose of ornament,
domestic convenience, or to carry on a certain trade; such may
be in some oaFt's engines, machinery or biuldidjia erected
by him for such machinery.
Taxes.— The tenant in possessi<m is fienerally considered
as liable for the taxes, but without special agreement lie is
under no obligation to his landlord to pay the taxes. This
statutory liability varies in different Provinces.
Oood Advice.— No class of litiijafion is more intricate and
technical than that of landlord and tenant. It should there-
244
KAH.M I.EASK
lore !« avoided it ,„,8il,lo. |„ ohUt Io do so have your lea-o
care ully eieouted, 8i«ilyi„g as far a, ,,o,sil,le all details of
condilioMs, and then observe them carefully. If, however anv
one, be he landlord or tenant, anticipates difficulty, then we
advise hini to secure the services of a comiretent lawver to liel.,
him It iKissible to avert the litigation or to conduct it for him
Law and justice are two things which God has joined but
man has put asunder."
FARM LEASE
.Niy'"'"" ""'"'«■'<'«■:. na>* 111 UiipllCiite Uie
Short r„™. "„f lS,»°J? Brtieln ■'"'™'"'"« "' 'l!" A-t r.»p..c,l„„
measurement . . ." " .' .' .' .' .' ' " "ncVpa' 'iA 'lU ' iu contafniiig by -.hI.
being compost'd of ' *** "^ ^'"^ ^^""•-' "i^i^e lexs. ;in.l
Isea. An.l that he wllf l2nv» th. ?.?™," ""Isai"''", "n the »nM i.rcm-
245
J
^m
m
?ni '
FARM LEAHE
^!Ii.i""t2r.!ir'^u«'i» tf"'"«w'jf An.l will, diirlnx llio continuance of
."iiliJ term, keep down all noxloiia wcedi und gruiBeii. anil will pull
II. ur otherwiBf .leBtroy all dwkii. nd root, wild muBtiird, wild oata.
twitih gniBB iind Canadii thistlef) which aliall grow upon the said
ineiiilBea. and will not aow or permit to bv wiwn any Brain ((intam-
InK any need of any noxious weedw or KruMeB. or docks, red root,
wll.l mustard, wild oats, twitch Kruss or Canada Ihltttle, and will
not Burter or piTmlt any BUth foul weeds t»r Krusses to go (o seed
on the said premlaes. And will spend, use or employ m o proper
hufliamlmnn-llke manner all the straw and manure which shull
grow, arlae, renew or l»e made thereupon, and will not remove, or
permit to be removed from said preml«e» any Btraw of any klni
manure, wood or stone, und will caretally stack the straw In thJ
last year of said term, and will each and every year of said lerm
turn all the manure tliereon Into a pile, so that It may thoroughly
leat and rot. bo as to kill and destroy any foul seeds which may
he therein, and will thereafter und not before Bpread the same
on the land.
are of nr-
The Said Leaaee hereby covenants and agrees with the said
i.eijsor that In conaideratlon of the premises, and of the leasing
and letting by the said Lessor to the Bald Leasee of the hinda above
nanied for the term hereby created (and It la upon that express
undemanding that these presents are entered Into) that notwlth-
ctaniiing anything contained In section t'llrty or any other section
n' (^napter one hundred and seventy of the Revlaed Statiit. a of
Ontario, 1S!»,, or any amendment or amendments thereto, that none
of the goods or chattels of the said Lessee at any time during the
(ontlniianee of the term hereby created, nn the said demised prem-
ises. Shalt be exempt from levy by distress for rent In arrears bv
said Lessee as provided for by said oectlon or sections, or anv
amendment or amendments thereto, of auld Act above named.
. "^'''I*,/"""'*''' *^'"""e 'n which Lessee forfelta righta under aaltl
art, and Proviso stating that If Lessee attempts to mortgage chat-
tele, make asalgnment. sell stoek or abandon premises, etc., then
ensiilnK year s and next year's rent and taxes become due and
payable, etc.)
Proviso tor re-entry by the said Lessor on non-payment of rent
or non -performance of covenants.
The sold Lessor Covenants with the said Lessee for quiet enjoy-
And It Ir expressly agreed between the parties hereto that all
R'^llw'!-. covenants and agreements, rlghte, powers, privileges and
liabilities contained In thia Lease Phall be read and held as made
bv and with and granted to and Imposed upon the respective parlies
hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators and
assigns, and these presents shall he read and construed the Bame
as If the words heirs, executors, administrators and assigns had
been inscribed In all proper and necessary places.
In Witnkps Wherkof. the said parties hereto h»ve hereunto net their
handit and seals.
SiKiieil. Sealed and Delivered, In the presence of
(The above lease Bhould be acknowledged before a Justice of the Peace.)
246
BALK OF aooils AND CII ATTKI.S.
THE 8,UI! OK UOmtS A-NU IHATTEIS AND OTHEH
PER8U>AL PKUPKHTV.
A ule ,f p,r»oii.l property I. tiullr ttntd ■ -b.nr.1.
•ml propertj in « thing lor . pri.. In m„n,,. To oon.tlt^te
er , in which I. »r«n»ferred from the ,eller to the buver,
(4) ■ price In moner P«M or ngreed to be paid. When the
ment, the «alo Is complete. When the Roods, agreed to be
er v' oT.r :, """""• " ''"^'' '•■'" ''' 'X'™™'' the prop-
erty of the .»ller. It they can then be identlned. the mere
ugreement to sell transfer, the property In the goods to Z
purchaser The price to be paid must consist of 'moj,,'
otherw se the transacMon win bo an "exchange," or « b«rt«-
«r .ll'birJ" " '"." """' " ■"" '''''' "^ ''= "^reeS '.
re.»on.bIe» or customar, price win be prennmed to have
been Intended. Persons nnder tw.nty.on. year, of ag° can!
no make a valid contract for the sale or purchase of^good",
unless the goods purchased be classed as -n«.„arleV' A
the common law an Infant's contracts were « ToldaWe » only.
That Is the contract coulj be enforced unless the Infant
7ZT, !' "17 "■""'■"= "' "«'• ""' '» "" «"-» a person
after attaining his majority could ratify a contract made by
him during bis minority. And a minor can enforce con-
bound on I" T •" " """'" "' '"" •»•• A" '»'"» '»
bound on his contract for « i-ecessarles," If the price be
sTcrmedT, ^"^""'"^^ '"='"-"' """■■ ^""*'"''' e~n a„':
such medicines as the Infant may require when In HI health
tract w? ^T ""'"™" "•""" ■">' """^ « ™"'' -n
ract without .he concurrence of their husbands. But th-
aw has been changed In this respect, and now they have
the same right to contract and to bu, and sell as men have.
a "TulT-""'' "" *' ""' '"• " """•"«' <" ^o""' '™-.
the ^ "I ™"'*'"°' ""'»'' ""^ soods purchased by
be r!tCV7. ?•"'""'"■"•'' ""' "" ^-^ ~°'"e'» -ay
l-oratlons whose power- are limited by charter, or by by-
847
fi
w
8ALK or UCOriS AND t'HATTEU.
I«w., or by nomo atalute, cannot bo held liable upon pur-
cha«e«, sales or oilier contracts, whlrta mtrd Ihc powers
of tbe corporation. Agreements with corimratlons may also
be voidable or non-enlorceable by reason of their not being
executed In the niannir iirescrlbed by the charliT or by-
laws. If goods are • »tol»»" and sold by the thief, the
property in them rrmalBs In the orlvlnal owner, notwltli-
stanUlng that they may have passed through several handH.
An "annt" entrusted with goods, or with the documents of
title to them. may. within the srope of his ■ulhnrlty or bnsl-
nesi, sell the goods and give a good title. Wl'in goods
are ■• pnwned " or pirdfrrd the genemi property remains In
the pcwnor, and a sperlai property Is transferred to the
pawnee. The sale may be a " rash " or • credit " sale. Not-
withstanding that time Is given for payment or that Instead
of cash the vendor accepts the purchaser's note payable at a
future date, yet the property In the goods passes to the pur.
chase' at the time of the sale, and they arc then at the pur.
chaser's risk. Where the consideration given Is " worii and
iabonr" done, or "rent" of premises, or "board and iodic-
Ing," there Is a "contract" for the transfer of the absolute
property In the goods, but It Is not c snie. Where goods are
excha .fed for other goods It Is a "barter." The price which
each pays for the goods of the other Is paid In goods, but
generally spc king the same rules that apply to a sale apply
to a barter ,r exchange. At the common law all that was
required t give validity to a sale was the "mutual assent"
of the pan'js to the agreement. As soon as It was shu'vn
by any evidence that It was agreed by mutual consent that
one should transfer the absolutr prriperty In a thing to the
other for a money price, the contract was completely proven
and binding on both parties, and the "property in the thing
sold passed Immedlnleiy " to the buyer. But If the property
was to remain In the possession of the seller until some
future time, or until the accomplishment of certain con-
ditions, such as weighing or measuring what was sold out
of a larger bulk, then the contract was called "eieentory."
But a very Important modification of the common law In
respect to a bargain and sale of goods was Introduced by
the "Statute of Frauds" (29 Charles II.. chap. 3). The pur-
248
BALK OK U0OU8 A.VI> CIl.VTTKLS.
r.qu ring , p„,y ,h„ „„„, ,„ ,„,„^^_, ■»■. 'J
Of he American ir„,„n. The .ub.tance of the e„.etm,„ a
^^»„^ * "' "PwardK Bhaii not bo onforcoaWe bv
behalf. It »ii| be observed (1) That a verbal cont.act which
h«. been partly performed by way ef accepting and "ceW na
Xrtl Zril "1 "■™-." ■"'^■"™' "' part paylron
price, o' (2) by payment of something In earnest l„ bind
cl^d rx; ^:v:.: Tz t-' -^ "" -"'> ••• •»
a. .0 What l/a .'^C ..'oT-rcoracrr "''":1"
abour Is not a sale of goods. Where A employed a ta^
s£Hi^~> —■"•=-«."»»:
it "■;. t "•' '• •^" -■•'" ■""'■•■ •^..
r'rtitrrrz: :; .r- -vr ""- -"
receipt of the same. There may b
1
i-
SALE Of UUOUH AND ClIATTKLg.
receipt of gocxli witkout *n accepUnce, and foodi max be
accepted betore they are actually received. If tbe lellar
deliver, good! to a "carrier laaiMl by the parfhaHr," there
!• a rcifliJt of the goods by the purchaser, but not necessarily
an accepUnce. The accepUnco of goods may be sufflclent
to make a binding contract without writing, and yet It may
not be sufflclent to preclude the purchaser fiom ebjectlif to
tht qnaatlty or qaallty of the iraodi delivered. In other
words the contract may be complete, but the goods accepted
may on eiaralnatlon prove to be so defective that the pur-
chaser may reject tlieai. It « purchaser "marks" the goods,
or selects" them, but leaves them with the vendor to be
delivered at some future time, there Is an acceptance but
not an actual receipt Where a purchaser oKers to raiell
the goods or keeps them an nnreasonable time wllhoat objec-
tloa after receiving them. It Is evidence of aecepUaefc If a
buyer merely says, "The goods are not equal to sample-
UmI Is aot snfficlent to ne^Uve acceptance. But If he says
«L!! *'"'" ''"'•""* ••"' »" ""« «<1"«' to sample," or
beeaase they are not according to representaUon," tbere
■• BO acceptance.
Now with regard to the "receipt" When the seller has
lost his possession and lien upon the goods, there has been
what may be legally called a "receipt" of the goods by the
purchaser. Where there Is an agreement by the vendor to
hold the property for the purchaser, although the actual
possession has not changed, yet the agreement may eonstitate
a receipt of the goods by the buyer. A drover selected a
number of cattle from a farmer and purchased them and
made a payment on account of the price, but by agreement
left the cattle with the farmer for a month. That constituted
a receipt of the cattle. If the vendor and the purchaser
agree that goods shall be held by a warehouse man or that
a horse shall be held hy a livery man, that will eonstitate
a rwelpt of the article sold. If the value of each of
several articles purchased Is less than $40, but the whole
quantity taken together amount to that sum or more than
that sum. the statnte Is applicable. The memorandum In
writing must be • signed by the party to be charged" or his
agent, and must contain terms of the contract sufflclent to
250
J
iP'
BALK OF IIOUIM .\N|> Tir AITHIJ).
nUity the regulremml. of the lUtute The wnii.. „ .
not on,, .how .he -.rtl,!. ««.- ,„. Un,.T.Z^"L''J^^
, r T^ The wrltl«, „e«l „ot b. „„ „„. pT.„ or „,
» ..y b. I„ the form of . wruten offer b, the .e,l° Z. a
wrltte,. .eceptance by ,h. buyer. «, connected tha they r.n
r^fer'Vo IT" " ""' '*" ''°"'™"'" «'"=- '« '"/».""
Chair ..r„.:rtrrr:,;^Lv.ri.rf.L !," r
Tn,!^^ Even.wrltlngbeglnnin, ",, AB agree
^rr-i-nzri^e^rtr^r/'E
o;.:}"!/"- rn-rnrrr-t-r/rr r
: .on r.rr .T.r:r.r brrL-r^-i
£ ?x^■^™•■=■~''>■:';^;
o a B^rt defver , .! """' "' """"^ " »"'' "■"» "■ereaf.er.
baraaT Whlr'^ ' *°°^' "'">' "" ™'"' """ "■" verba
larlan ItTetreard"'' " "*''" '" """""'" '» '"-' ">e
„„„, """' "" " »"■•' imyment of the price The
envrTthr '".'-^ """"''"^"- " '""- has been no
delivery of the goods, or any part thereof, or no earnest
jriung eigned by the party to be charged. Verbal
evidence may he given „ to what addition, are to be mldel
251
aXVE OF GOODM \ND CIIATTKLS.
^^1
or exceptions allowed, but where the written agreement pur-
ports to contain the whole agreement, It can only be proven
by the writing Itself. An ineonslstent verbal collatenil
agreement is of no TBltdlty In sueh a case. This does not
result from the Statute of Frauds. It has always been the
law that a written agreement must be Interpreted by the
words contained in It, except in the case of some latent am-
biguity. If " John Smith " Is named In the agreement, verbal
evidence may be glvea to show which John Smith was In-
tended. Although a vendor is bound to deliver, yet he cannot
be compelled to do so unless the agreement requires him
to carry or send the goods to the purchaser. Authorized
delivery to a common carrier Is prima facie a delivery to the
buyer.
Warranty and Condition.— A "warranty** la an agreement
the breach of which gives rise to a claim for damaffes, but
not to reject the goods or to treat the contract as repudiated.
A ^condition** is a representation on the truth of which the
existence of the contract may depend, and It gives a right to
rescind the contract If the condition Is not fulfilled or Is
falsified. A stipulation In a contract may be a "condition,**
notwithstanding that the parties have called It a "war-
ranty.** A mere commendation by the seller may not amount
to either a condition or a warranty. Auctioneers use lan-
guage to Infiate the value of the goods sold, hut such ex-
pressions do not give any right of action. There are "ex-
pressed** and "implied** conditions. The sale of a horse
warranted sound, will be the foundation for an action for
damages If untrue. Wliere there Is a sale of goods by
"description,** there Is an "Implied condition** that the
goods shall correspond to the description. On a sale of
goods by "sample** there is an "Implied condition** that the
" bulk " shall correspond with the sample. Where goods are
bought from a person by " description,** and the seller deals
in that class of goods, there is an implied condition that the
goods shall be of "merchantable** quality. Where goods
are purchased for a particular purpose and the buyer makes
known to the seller the particular purpose for which the
Booda are required, there Is an Implied condition that the
goods purchased shall be reasonably fit for the Intended
252
SALE OP GOODS AND ClIATTKM.
the good8 being stated Thl . "'"^'" ""' ""^"'^ »'
eIothwaMobe'„r.:ta.ira ZZT" "^ """ '"^
to the sample, b„t being ° ,«,,''! f"" ""'"''""' "'^'^ "I"*'
«We," and the court h"d that h. . '"' " "-""'taat.
refuse the goods ° Purchaser bad a rigbt to
ao?rsed"'trre":u-''Ms" ret ^^^^^ '" ""^ ^"^^ "-
".etion for d.m«er- Th ' d '' """ ""'-'"^"^'ry is an
naturally res^tinTlt ,J''%^""'^«'== »"■ he estimated loss,
-ner. <>r2^ot-:oZi:r7\:rr ■" '™°'^' '™-» "•«
goods from some othe person at .M?" "'' "^ ""^ '"«
ence In price and th. . ^'*'""' ""■'"■ the ditfer-
ages wbicb L :„ be entuTe: t"','?"'''^ "'" "^ '"« "''"-
erty- has passed ti thVbn 'but t a '^elle'' d"" "■" "''"''•
them, the purchaser's action wm be to r " "'°' "''"'"
and damages for wrongful TtentL ^I^I '."l^ ^°-'=
chaser refuses to accept delivery of the „„ T^ . " ""''"
has sold them to another party a. - . '"' ""' ''"^^
bring an action for -^„,ITJ^ i' \'°"'l"" »'•"=<'■ "» «"
against the original PUrc^arL tn clZ the"? T""'"
r^ts^rtrbuTen^-v-^^"^^^^^^^^
.n his own posiessi^-'unrth X'T Z^T "t
seller may retain possession nt th 1 '"' ""P*'*
tendered the price except where .^ ^°°t' ""'" "' '' ""'" "
The lien is los't wh^rthe sIllTd LTth "" T'" °" "'■"'•
tor the purpose of tran.m. "'"""^s '"« Boods to a carrier
the buyer o'r his agentTawJlry'lt": "''"''■ """ "'^o »"-»
Stoppage I„ Tr.nX^™"',;''''' "' r--'™ »' '•■em.
unpaid seller who has pl^^ed wl h the f „H """.r"'" °" "■"
ewrdsed where the bnV.r ll ^ *'• " """ ""'J I"*
(roods h.Te reached M.Z , "''' '"""'"'"« '«■'«■•'' •••*
::;:^e'^dHir^=^--^'--=
can .us^rhT^i— — - irif hXrr
353
IN
SALE OF (I00U8 AND CHATTELS.
parted with the posseaslon ot the goods. But the right of
stoppage in transit can only be exercised against an In-
solvent buyer. Ooods are deemed to be In "tnasltn" from
the time they are delivered to a carrier tor transmission
until the buyer or his agent takes delivery of them from the
carrier. Where the goods are delivered to a varehonseman
or other agent for the buyer the transJtns ends. Even where
the buyer forcibly takes the goods away from the carrier
before the destination is reached, the transitus ends. And
even where the goods are delivered to a special carrier
named by the buyer, the right ot stoppage exists, notwlth-
Btanding that such delivery might be regarded as a delivery
of the "possession" to the buyer. Sometimes the vendor
retains the right to "resell" the goods if not paid for before
actual delivery. Where goods are "perishable" the right of
resale Is Implied.
Transfer of the Property.— It Is often necessary to deter-
mine at what exact point of time the property In goods passes
to the purchaser, as the risk lies upon the owner. The ques-
tion Is, who owned the goods at the time they were injured
or destroyed I and in order to determine this question it Is
necessary to ask another, viz., what was the Intention of the
parties 7 Of course the matter of risk and of insurance Is
usually agreed upon between vendor and purchaser. Where
a given specUed thing, such as a horse or a book, is sold
unconditionally and in a deHverable state, the property
passes to the buyer at the time of sale. But where an un-
specified article, such as a hundred bushels ot wheat out of
a larger quantity, the property does not pass until the hun-
dred bushels are selected and separated from the bulk.
Sale by Auction.— When goods are sold by auction the sale
Is complete when the hammer falls, and after that time the
bid may not be retracted. The seller may notify that he has
placed a " reserved " price upon the goods.
254
BIU.S OP SALE
PEKSOJfAl PROPEKTT
hor^e^. g„,„, implement, „?v1m„,! '7'' '''"■^' " «"'«•
money, all of which are movab™ .k"^".'' '^""'"'■« »-l
the manner of Peraonal estate ^?' """"" ''"'"™ «"er
opposed to freeholds, leaeehoTd. " '^"seholds. As
,7'ate. But as being „~?n\;;, "r"'" " ■■""onal
•ohattels real" to dlstln^ h le^ ,'"*'' '"'^ "" ™"'"'
are called - chattels persTa' ■• l-I "'''™ ™™'"^'' ""Ich
'"■een „al and persoiMl property,, .ff ■""""='"■" ""-
are „„„ed .bs«l„tely by the ,nd.v,V , """""■' <••»««*'»
"oes not admit of the «b,l "• '"■"^=' our law
'•'•o^t .St... that the owner ca^ "T".""" "' "•""■ ^11
simple" held of the Crown B„tir,'." *''*"' '" "'"e
•". Object Of absolute ownershfp TT "" ^'"""""'^
real property." A leasehold «t , '"*'' '" '»■"< Is
«tend for a thousand year l'™' T™ "'°"«'> " "ay
<ll.tlncOon, become lmp",a„ l"''^ " ""«""■ These
Intestate. mportant where the owner dies
rorm of Bfll of SaJ.
KNOW Al.h MeV rv Tu
' Ive Horses
T™ S;?'"" "■•■'••■':."..■ S tlO".. .. «5on
Two PlowB a I? 180
S is EO
Total «
To have and to hoM »i,. .. ' *^70
J£r ^t- :^ r-i ■ S" ~ --^^ r£F
o' said good, and cbattc], l„ „ ' ""'' '•"'u' authorll,- , " ""'
255
ill
Sffe
L.VNDLORD AND TENANT
In wftn«ta whereof. 1, the Mid John R. Hirtmtn. hire hereooto Ml
mr Iwiid and leil this tWfnty-flrxt d«y of Mar. 1912.
John r IIarthav (rial)
Signed, nonled and (lellviTedl
In f riM'f^iM'e of i
William Maov.
Affidavit of Purchater a« to the Sale being Bona Fide
for Value:
OotTNTT or TOBK I
To Wit /
I. Charles Oatton, ol the Cftr of Toronto. In the County ot York, the
vendee In the foreEolnx bill of lale, make oath and say: That the sale
therein made Is Boka Fide, and for good conilderatlon, namely, the a'tual
incsent payment ]□ hand to the vendor by the vendee of the aum of Seven
Hundred and Seventy Dollars, and not for the nurpone of holdlnv or
enablins me. this deponent, to bold the goods mentioned therein aRalnstthe
creditors of the said vendor.
Charles Caxton.
Sworn before me at Toronto. 1
In the County of Tork. this }
2lBt day of May, A. D. 1912. J
B' ' '*
ir r
If..
LANDLORD AND TENANT
LEASES
Leases are contracts by which one party, called the lessor
or landlord, gives to a second party, called the lessee or
tenant, possession of land or other real estate for a fixed
period of time, receiving in return for the use, possession and
profit thereof a fixed compensation called the rent.
Daration. — A lease may be for life, or for a term of years.
from year to year, by the month, at will, or by sufferance.
A Lease for Life terminates /ith the death of the lessee
or tenant or any person speciiied as such in the lease.
A Lease by SaffcraBce of the landlord exists when a lease
for a term of years has expired and the tenant is allowed
to rpmain in possession. Such possession in some Provinces
may be terminated without notice.
A Lease at Will is one which exists only during the will of
the landlord and may terminate at the will of either party,
as the rights of possession on the part of the landlord or
the rights of abandonment on the part of the tenant may
justify, or by the death of either party, or by sale of prop-
256
LANDLORD AND TENANT
crty, or by due notice. Statutes usually regulate this notice
in eacb State.
A Lease for a Teim of Years begins and ends at a certain
speciHed date. Under tlie latter the tenant pussesses greater
lirivilfjjes than under eilliur of the two former.
Written or Unwritten.— A verbal lea%e lor one yea- or
under is valid in all the Provinces. And so also is a lease
lor a term not exceeding three years when completed by entry
A lease tor a term exceeding three years must be in writing
and under seal, and in British Columbia, Nova Scotia Al-
berta, Yukon and North-West Territories it must also be
registered. In Quebec a lease (or a term ot more than one
year must be registered. In all the Proviiices a lease lor a
term ol more than seven years must be in writing, under
seal and recorded.
Essential Bpeciflcations in a written lease are; dates
names, rent, description.
The Date fixes the beginning of the lease. Where no date
is mentioned the time commences ordinarily with the deliv-
ry of the lease. This, however, is not always conclusive if
another date can be proven.
Names—The law recognizes only one Christian name and
the surname. If a party assumes a false name he is never-
the ess responsible. The landlord deals with the man, not
with the name.
The Eent.-Rent8 may be payable in other valuables be-
sides money; the amount should, however, always be stated.
If not stated, the law will allow the landlord what the use
ot the premises is reasoi >■• worth.
Description of PremL The lease must describe the
premises. It need not be ,.. full detail; any general descrip-
tion that will identify the property is sufficient. The parts
and appurtenances that ordinarily belong to such premises
are included.
Who Cannot Give a Lease.-A husband cannot make a
lease which will bind his wife's property after his death. A
guardian cannot give a lease extending beyond a minor's
majority which the minor cannot annul if he wishes but if
he does not annul it the tenant is bound by it. Under the
common law a married woman cannot lease her property,
18
257
A ipeciftl
LANDLORD AND TENANT
bat Udder the .tatules of most Province, ihe en
•tatute supenedeg the common law
•enant. Students under age hiring room, come under thi"
Biglito of LaadlOTd
hiSH"^*^* "* Airignln, Le,M._The landlord can pro-
oJ hi T"' '""" """'"'"« "■» ?"■"'«». - a"y part
of them, or from assigning the lease, by stating the prohihi-
tion in a special clause of the same b j. lu
Tnunt Br«king the Oondltioa-If the tenant has broken
andlord, if he accepts the rent due, knowing of the sublet-
ting, cannot remove the tenant.
Blflit to bupect PremlM-The landlord has the right to
enter upon the premises to ascertain whether there is any
waste or injury done, after first giving notice of his inten-
]n!l5^."?!^~^"''"^ expressly covenanted, the land-
lord IS not obliged to make the necessary- repairs. If a ten-
r.l"i, " / "^"^^"'^ '" "'"'"= ^P'""' "'Paira -i-ring the
erm he must stipulate for the same in the lease. But if
the landlord does agree to make all necessary repairs and
pa^ngrent""' "™ """ ^°" ""' ""'" "'» tenant from
Krtlct to Qnlt.--In case of a tenant at will, or one who
of ?h. 7".?*'!"' "" "P'™"™ "' "" '^-^^ '"'h "-e consent
of the landlord, a notice to quit is necessary to compel him
to give np his possession. This notice must, as a general
rule, be given at a date before some "rent day," and dis-
tant from it by the ucual period at which reuf'is Xbl .
Thus, ,f It IS payable monthly, there should be a month's
notice ending on the day when the rent is payable. The
rthe Hiff,""^ "?'!"''' f""*""' '" "'"»"y fi^^-J by statute
in the different states in order that summary proceedings
for possession may be commenced. If the rent is in arrears,
,««„'-. ,r/ T " ':^''"''*''- '" "">" »' *e Pro-vinee. this
IS fixed a from five to fourteen days. Sucn notice need not
be made to end upon the day when rent is payable.
E.ftu.1 to V«j.t6.-If a tenant refuses to vacate the prem-
LUfOLORD AND TENANT
i»M after the tennination of his lease, from anv eause the
proi«r and safest way for the landlord, as well as the e'leap!
est, IS to get hin, out by process of law, or by a sealed lease
to a third party, who can legally claim ijossession.
Sights of Tenant
Some of the rights of tenants are embodied in the ove
atatemenls of the rights of the landlord
To What . T.n«it U BBtiUri.-In taking possession ot
the premises the tenant is entitled to all the pVivilegt-s am
appurtenances to the property in all their details without
being expressed in the lease
Sale of Frop,rty.-The landlord ofi-icts the tenant 's rights
by selling the property, if he has a written lease. Such sale
"SJ, LT^' ^"''•''"■' '" ""' ■^'"x "f ""> tenant
Tit Right to Sublet.- A tenant cai sublet the rented
premises or any part of them, r.less expressly prohibited
from doing so by the terms of the l.ase. He, however re-
mains responsible to his landlord, unless the latter accepts
such third party as his tenant in place of the former and
releases him in writing.
Le.ieABdgnaUe.-A tenant's lease is always assignable
unless It contains restrictions to the contrary. Such an as
sig^ment, however, to be fully legal must be under seal.
The assignment may be for a part or the whole of the oriW-
nal term, but if for less than the original tem, then it°i,
properly subletting.
„JJ?n ,*!"''«»«»«— The subtenant bears no relation to the
original landlord and Is not responsible to him for rent The
tenant from whom he has rented Is his only landlord In The
3, .?. "^^'^-"'^''t <" 'he l^ase with the assent o?the
landlord and must pay him the rent. ""gmai
^.?,!,^'''';":;^"'°*"' °"''"°' "'^'■» '■«P»'" upon the property
Z H h^ ■ ""T' '"" ^""'"■" "»"■ o-" "■"■» the rent, tor ^hlt
»ould be In effect compelling the landlord to do it
Dart'^fThe'Tr*"""''-'"" '"""•" "'<""« '"at become
f^ZftltJ '''^- °' ='"='' «« '='""■"' be removed without
the landlord; but a tenant may remove from rented prop-
25!)
i(£'\
LANDLORD AND TENANT
i
erty articles which he hai placed for use In aome trade, auch
aa engines or other machines, or even In some cases of build-
ings erected for the same purpose, or articles for domestic
use, such as furnaces, shelves, gas nxtures, etc. Of course
his personal property a tenant can remove any time at
pleasure.
Blfht ta guIL— Where the renting la for a deHnlte time no
notice from cither party to the other is necessary, as the land-
lord has the Immediate right of posBcsslon as loon as the
time expires; so the tenant has also the right to vacate at
that time without giving notice to the landlord. \Vhere, how-
ever, no limit of time Is set a notice from either party Is re-
quired—a month's notice In case of a "monthly tenancy,"
and sU months' notice In case of a "yearly tenancy."
Payment of Tax««.— Where the lonaiit is to pjy the taxes
on the property lie oeii.|iies it must be distinctly slated in
the lease, ns a verbal promise is of no effect.
Effacta of Mortiage.-Jt ntter nntinj; tlie landlord should
mortgaue the ])roperty, Ihe mortjfasee's rights would be sub-
ject to those of the tenant holdiri); a leuse in writing (duly
recorded if necessary under stntule), and a sale or fore-
closure could not dist\irb Ih-i len.int's possession.
Duties of tbe Landlord
1. It is the Inndliird's duty to see to it that his tenant
has the quiet en.joyment of the premises and is not dis-
turbed by any one hnvinu " better title to the same than the
landlord,
2. The landlord mnat not render the tenant's occupation
uncomfortable hv erecting anything like a nuisance on or
near the premises,
3. If not otherwise provided fur in the lease, it is the land-
lord's duty to pay the taxes, ground rent, or interest on a
mortgage that may exist.
4. The landlord is not bound to make repairs or allow tlu,'
tenant for repairs which he may make unlesa especially
agreed for in advance mid so slaled in the lease.
Dnties of the Tenant
1. The tenant must t.ike such care of Ihe premises that
others may not be injured by any neglect of any part of it.
2. The chief duty of tenant is to pay rent. If no time
for possession is fixed, then he is only obliged to pay for time
1>ANDIX)BD AND TENANT
he has occupM; b.,t if under a„y agreement for . certain
term he will |,„v„ t„ ,,„y f„. „,„ ,^^ ««•>"
t « .t an,i rei-ur .,11 ,l„„,ak..» mod,. „r snflered by 1,,,,
Natural wear an,l t.ar l,e n«.,l not .aake b«hI. '^
i«v u^'l fu '" '"? °' "" """■ •""«■"'■-""»' i" value C
r.„l. V "'«''»■"■"' ">■* "f '•«■ This requires him to
replace broken door, or windows, „r such other article" o^
nioy have been broken by use, neglect or accident
Porm of Home Lease
«,T«;,»rr„ tha, i„ con»ld..ratlun «t ,1,.. Ilont" Co ,,,„,- ,
261
;-fi!!i|
0
LANDLOBD AND TENANT
■Dd that Iw will IMVP thft pnmlM'H in ikmmI repair, rfaaonulil.- wi-ar
■ad tear aod daiiui«i- hy ilr.-. MiiUlalDK imU it-miN'flt unly ^in>i)t><«l
I'BuviDBD tbal In ttip ivinl nt Hn-. Ilubtnluu and (vmix-Hi rtol
ahall c<-aM> until tbi- |>ri>mla<>N art- r.-inilll.
I'auviUKD that the Mid I^ Kpwr iihall bay.- the rlgbt Id the t-wnt of
■uth drHtructtrin or imrtlal dfntrtictlun iw nfuriMald t» dt-tlan- tliv
■uld tfrm to be forthwith tf>rmlnnt*<d, and In such event r«-nt Bhall
tH< payable up to thi> time of Burh lu».
I'HuviDED that the I..eHi.H> may remove hU flttureii.
raoviDKD aliio that durlnii tb.' lant two niontbi of Ibe term hereby
in-alcd any HtriiDfccr or atrangen may Inapi'ct tbe xald pr>>mliu>H and
all partH thereof on producing a written order to that effect signed
by Ibe nald Leaner.
I'KoviDKD for re-entry by tbe aald Leaaor on non-paymoDt of rent,
or non-iierformunce of covenants.
riiuviuED alHo tbn' In the caie of a aelaurc or forfflturo of the
■aid term for any o the cauiea hereinbefore net forth, the Leaner
ahall hnvi- tbe t>nDi> right of re-entry trn la given under the next
preceding proTlao.
The Mid Leaaor covcnaota with tbe aald Leaaee for quiet cnJov-
ment. '
I'KOVIDKD that notwItbRtandIng anything herelnbofore contained
the Lenaor'N right of re-entry hereunder for non-payment of rent or
non -performance of covenantH Hhall become eierelaable Immediately
upon Buch default being made.
I'ROVinEU and it la hereby granted between the parties hereto, that
where the conteit makea it poaalble the word Lemor, wherever It
ocrura in thla Indenture, ahall Include the heirs. ex»>cutora and ad-
mlnlBtratora and a«alRna of the said Leaaor, (and In the ca»e of a
Corporation, their BUteeaaora and aBalgna) and the word Leaaee, Bball
Include the heirs, executors and admin iBtrn torn of the aald LeBaee,
(and In tbe case of a Corporation, their au^ceaBora), and also ahall,
when the Leasee asslgoed these pruBents uni'er conaent from the
I.e«Mor us hereinbefore provided. Include the asalgOB of the said
Lessee.
The KAiD LBaHEE hereby Covenants and agrees with the aald
LeBsor, that In consideration of tbe premises, and of Ibe Leasing ard
lettlUK by III!' said Lessor to the aald Lessee of the landH and prem-
ises above namid for tbe term hereby created (and It Is ut>ua that
i'SpresH understundlng tbot theae presents are entered Into), that
notwithstanding anything contained In Section thirty, or uuy other
Section, of Chapt.T one hundred and seventy of the Revised Statutes
of Ontario. 1897, that none of (he gooda or chattels of tbe said
Lessee at any time during tbe continuance of the term hereby created
on said demised premises, shalt be exempt from levy by dlntreH« for
rent In arrear by said LenHoe a« provided for by section nr ttectlona
of the said Act above named, or any amendment or amendments
thereto, and that upon any claim being made >r such exemption by
said LeBBpe or on distress heluu made by the saiu Lesnor Ibis covenant
and agreement may be pleaded an nn estoppel against salrt Lessee In
any action brought to test the right to tbe levying upon any aucb
r
I.ANDLOII0 AND TENANT
lood* ■» nrc Danxfl ■h pxrmptnl In uld u^ptlon n* . -»i—
"■™i or imoDdm™., ih.rf to Haid tiL^ .Zi. "")"»"• »' •»«wl-
all and ,.,.rv b-ortt that ™„ld op n^K "' "" "" '""" *»•
a»d b, ,!«;,. o? "L « d ftctloi " 'fcX: "-""^10 him „.d.,
«l.n.cl. fcalPd ..d d,ll,„^T '° "•'• '"''°"° "«
the prpHi'ticf of
Jaum Jons.
Jamh AyDKMoK. iseai i
WiLLUM Watiioi.. (Be.1.1
AflUUflt of WitMn
««"na?t:;.*,Vtr.orr.'ro°i. ""-'-" «" •—«■ '» »•
8. That I kDow the iaid pirtlei.
..."s dT".r.;;.i":hr^.-^r^:M'r,- "™'' »' --
. - , . '"••■ B. Kt»T,
A CommlsHontr for lau,i, AgUrlu, «t.
Pom of Kotict to Quit
To WlUIAII MATVOOO,
(TenaDt.)
•'leaw take notice that rou are her*h« p«hi»^ *
deliver up p„.„„,„. „, the'JSuL .;;"« Zat^.t N-'."?^."? V
r„-»th?p:,r':»°'thrif^*d:j-™r"---
i-^-^-'a-x^..:;'" •'""■' -.W"fo°4."Sht7Vid-dSV,.2;!
Dated Ibl8 asm day of April. A. D. 1&14.
Yoan trulj,
RiCRAID JonNR,
(Laodlord.)
Form of Notico by Tanut
Tv Richard Johns,
(Landlord.)
-Ill' T'"'^''i"'^. '''" °°""'' "" °° "" ""« "T -I Ma, „e,t I
will quit and dellter up pomeaalon o( the ptcmlw, I „„„ „ ° '
'™n '.i' ,M- f^ Jr"" ""•■"■'■ '■ «■" ""aroTaJdZ '""' "
Dated thla 28th day of April. A D, 1014. """"'■
Youra truly,
William MATWooa
363
ri
it
m
;tlllC
i
TKNANCV.
Tkc matt tl pattlw u ti4 I* a t»amy hf ' —On to
«■!!" !• aiipUeaklc wkcra Iter* U aa npnu lUpalaUaa Ikat
H ikall fe* M 4elcraila«4. The mut common tenanclei an
thou from jrear to year, from quarter to quarter, or from
montli to month.
In the abaence of any expreti itlpulatlon and apart from
•Ututorr provlalon a reaniabi* "aatle* la qalt" may be
■ufflolent
In the caee ot a "tomarr '«■ J««r to jear," it li lettled
that halt a year'e notice, expiring at the end of ume year
of the tenancy. Is neceitMary and lufflclent to determine it.
And In the caao of a monthly teaaary that a month'a notice
given before the i«plry of any month shall be sufflclent to
terminate the tenancy at the end of the next succeeding
month,
la SoTa SeoUa It Is prorided by statute that notice to quit
any house or tenement where the same Is let " from year to
year," shall be given to the tenant or by the ten nt to the
landlord thereof, at least three months before the expiration
of any year, and that such notice shall be sufficient, although
the day on which the tenancy terminates Is not named In such
notice.
la »w Bniasivlek, three months' notice is sufficient to
determine a yearly or a half-yearly tenancy,
The effect of a proper notice to quit la to determine the
tenancy, and although a notice once given may be withdrawn,
such withdrawal does not revive the teuancy, but If the
parties agree, a new tenancy may be created on the old terms.
The rnle that half a year's notlre, three months' notice or
a month's notice shall be necessary does not apHy where
there is an express rgreement as to what notice shall be
given.
Ib ease of a monthly tenancy a month's notice has been
held ',e be a reasonable and sufflclent notice.
A weekly tenancy does not come to an end every week
without notice, and It has been held that aome notice la necea-
eary.
But to determine a week., tenancy It seems that a reason-
able notice only must be given.
I» Ontario, New Bmnswlck, Nova Scotia and Manitoba it
Is provided by statute that a month's notice la neceaaary to
264
DlgTRXM,
4Minnlct ■ monthly tauncy. ud « WMk'i utlM to dMu"
mtiw • wtakljr tenancy.
If the preDln. are let >t a weekly, monthly or quarterly
rent, the tenancy li vrlMo /o.i, , weekly, monthly or
quarterly tenancy reipectlvely. For quarterly tenancy It haa
been held that a quarter'! notice to quit U aufflclent.
Where there la an expreaa itipulatlun creating a •■ yearly
tenancy," and the partiei have not contracted a> to the notice
to be liven, a half year'i notice muat be given by either narty
to the other.
DIHTRE88 I. a remedy that I. arml to eoapel the paymeil
el rent It con.i.te In taking poeMioton of peraonal chattel!
without legal proccs. or Judicial authority, and lelllng them
to reallie the amount due.
The right of dletreee u a remedy to compel payment of a
debt may ari.e In three way.: (II by .tatgte, (2) by eiprcM
■freearat, and (3i by implleaUoa ol law.
Where the relation of landlord and tenant exlats, the law
Implle. a right of dletre.. a. neceeearlly Incident thereto,
providing the following condlUon. to be fulllled; (.1 There
muet be a tenancy .trictly .o-called, lb) There must be a
rent reserved, and It must be certain In amount, (c) There
must be a ■■ revereion " In the distrainor a the time the dls-
tress Is made.
A distress for rent must be n.ade In the daytime, between
sunrise and sunset. It cannot he made until the rent la In
arrear, and It Is not In arrear until the day after It becomes
due.
A person to whom rent Is due under any lease or contract
may aelze the goods and chattels of his tenant found on the
premise, (except .uch a. are exempt from dl.tress). and may
hold the same until rep], led. and In default of the same
being replevied, may sell t . same, after appraisement thereof
to be made. But the gooos distrained shall not be removed
by the person distraining (to the damage of the owner
thereof) out of the place where the same are found and
selMd but shall be kept there (as Impounded) until replevied
or sold In default of replevying.
A dlstre.. may be made on any part of the land demised,
as the rent Is deemeu to Issue out of the whole and every part.
865
ill
OtIABANTY
Onarantr for the Perfonntnce of « Coatraet
above (or wllhin) .^1 . " oompll.nc. with th« t.rm. of the
Rlohard Unger """'"" ""' "•' P"" <" th. «ld ™„tr.Mor.
of ^.""..tf'Alr .»»'•" '"'"°"' ^""■"" »' """"o. '-" 'MH d.,
Phakk Klikk. I„.,i]
Sipied, Haled, and delivers Waltbk Hankins, [bkal]
in the presence of
William Lowbb,
OHABLSa ANDRBWa.
Onanmtjr for the Pnrehise of ■ Hone
arive. (,„j, Howi.A»D,
an ..periencea iudg. of koL (o tt.fti; TI.^ " '" ■"*' "*" ** "^
Guaranty for a Debt Not Yet Incurred
M«8sas. Sanfobd & Babth,
LondoD.
Obntlsmxn: The bearer
on the point of visiting your
desired articles in your lin
thounand dollors, and such la
that we hereby guarantee the
with you during thia year |
dollart.
Berlin. Ont., March 10, X914.
of this, Mr. R. J. Walker, of thia city, is
city for the purpose of buying gooda. and
-e. He IS considered worth some thirty
our confidence in his ability and integrity.
payment of any bills which he may make
0 an amount not exceeding five thousand
Yours respectfully,
Williams ft Rvah.
GDaranty of a Debt Already Incurred.
Th» PiTTSBL-Ro MANirrArTi-MNd Co R*''«»'''ft. Ont.. .luty 8. 1914.
Pittsburg. L'.S.
Voura truly,
Chas. SCNDkRLAND.
266
LIENS
A "lien Is a» rigbt irhleh • man has to retain In his
poamaalsn somethlni; belonging to anotlier, tiU certain
demands are natisfled." For convenience, the person to whom
the property belongs Is sometimes referred to as the
"debtor." and the person retaining the property as the
"creditor." Possession by the creditor Is essential to a
legal lien, called a « possessorjt " lien, to distinguish It
from others. A particular or "Specillc" Uen is the right
to retain speclflc property In satisfaction of demands
m respect of such property. For example, the right of a
carriage maker to retain possession of a carriage which he
has mended, until paid. Where a person "agrees" With
another that he shall have a Hen upon property as security
for the payment of a debt, that Is called a "general lien"
Where " possession " la essential to a Hen, It must have been
lawfully acquired. Possession obtained by violence, fraud
or misrepresentation, cannot constitute a Hen The pos-
session must also be of a "continuous and uninterrupted"
nature. A partieniar lien by "operation of law" arises,
where a person Is compellable by law to receive the goods
of another, or to perform certain services with regard to
those goods, such as a "common carrier" or an "Inn-
keeper," each of whom has a "right to retain" the goods
n his possession until paid for services performed. General
Hens, unless established by contract, can only be claimed
by custom." It must be shown as a matter of fact that
such a usage exists, and that It Is universally acquiesced
in. In every Hen the "possession " Is with the creditor, the
ownership" with the debtor, but as a rule there Is In most
cases no right of Sale In the lien holder.
An «e,nitobie» Uen Is the right to have a speclflc portion
of the property allocated to the payment of speclflc llablll-
ttes. The right of a partner, on dissolution, to have the
Arm 9 assets applied In payment of the firm's liabilities. Is a
right of the class styled "equitable Hens." An agent may
sue on a contract, though his principal be disclosed. If he
267
II
■(in
III/
LIENS.
taa a Hen on the proceeds: for tWe rea»on an
may sue for the price of the goods.
' auctloQoer "
A -niarlOme lien" is one which attaches to a thin. •„
„p ,u .1, ''"*™'"'^«- It does not depend on the DoaaeBuln-
Before the passing of the Mechanics' lien Act a bnlM,,
i5~Hir"— --^^^^^
"=; s^.'i~ s«r' ■- :«=.■.,■■:-■
wJrV^r^eX";""' or?"" "^ """"■ '-'' ■>"'-■>■» "-V
any mater l; to brnsed^nT"' w " •""'' " "'™'^''^»
.». atting, aitering, C:!^ ori^al^rorCe^tS:;
Liens.
Justly owing by theowLr' S ' °' '"* """ -" ""> -"'"
the lien o, the owner Of" hfr "' l"' '"'™'' """"'»«
dunn. .he pttltan TLZZ' 7""''"'' '""'"' "
day. ar. r the completion the oof" e: 1' ,1 "Ji^'^ ,""^'^
renlstered within thirty days af er th. . . .?"' '" ""*
wort shall absolately cease t« e'LtAnr""""'"" "' ♦"'
Hen which U not D™,.»ertrH "^ '™''^ registered
"'"s registered r.n V ,''° ^'"' " ™«'«eate of !1, p,.„.
exp.rM?oforntetTZfafrre:r "" ^^'" """ ""«
completed or materials have been^urlheV"? '" """
where credit Is given the „.n . / ^ °'' ■"*""■ "ut
the e,p,ry o, such p^fo TtLTVrLT 7""' '™"
^^-^^r^:!:::rj-~^— --
^e.strat.on. . 1^ C r^a.^,— ^ - /-
(•1
LIENS.
■Igned by the claimant acknowledging payment and verlBed
by affldavit and registered.
In the FroTlnee of JUnltoba "the Meohanlce' and Wage
Earners' Lien Act" Is practically the same as In Ontario,
except that no Hen exists for any claim under the sum oJ
twenty dollars.
In British Columbia the Mechanics' Lien Act o( 1891 Is
very similar to the OnUrlo Act The claimant has (a)
thlrtj'one days within which to flle his claim, (b) where the
workman continues In the employ of the contractor upon
any other work, the 31 days will not begin to run until the
completion of the w-tIc. Lien actions are to be carried on
In the County Courts, 'he Judgx may order the cancella-
tion of Hens upon the gUing of sei'.,rlty or otherwise. There
Is also a provision declaring that mechanics and others
who have bestowed money or ski, and material upon any
" chattel," In the alteration or Improvement of Its properties,
or tor Increasing Its value, shall have the right to sell the
chattel by giving two weeks' noUce by advertisement In the
newspaper, etc.
The Mechanics' Uen Act of IToTa Scotia of 1899 and the
Mechanics Lien Act of New Brnnswick of 1903 do not differ
in substance from the Ontario Act, although the wording of
the corresponding sections is somewhat dissimilar. But both
of them have a clause similar to the clause in the British
Columbia Act enabling a person who holds a lien upon a
"chattel" to sell It after giving notice by publication In a
newspaper, etc.
The Provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta have Me-
chanics'Lien Laws similar to those of Manitoba and Ontario.
In the Province of Quebec, there are several articles of the
Civil Code which give mechanics and labourers what prac-
tically amounts to a lien on "immovable" property, to the
extent of the value of the labour or material placed upon It,
tor which the lien is claimed. The articles are too lengthy
to be quoted In full in this summary, and a synopsis of them
would not state the law completely and correctly upon the
subject. I must refer the reader to Article No. 2013 (a) to
2013 (1) Inclusive of the '■ Civil Code," and to Article No. 805
370
LIENS.
Ject. .„ Article. 2103, 2168 and 430 to 441 ■r.Cule
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
the completion of the work Th« .t... T
the eof, but the amount must not exceed the sum oayable
by the owner to the contractor. A registered ll.„ i. !
hoTdTr „ "" *" '"""" '""■"■ «■»' ttae. A party
:re"Ve L'htor:por:ir ""- '"-" "■» ^"''- "-
271
RALB AND TRANSITEB OF StOCKS
AN A€T TO REGULATE THE PURCHASE, SALE AND
TRANSFER OF ST0CK8 OF GOODS IN RULK.
Hla Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the
Legislative Assembly ot the Province of Alberta, enacts as
follows:
1. This Act may be cited as " The Bulk 8aJc9 .Ut of
Alberta."
2. It shall be the duty of every person who shall bargain
for, buy or purchase any stock of goods, wares or merchan-
dise la bulk, for cash or on credit, before closing the pur-
chase of the same, and before paying to the vendor any part
of the purchase price, or giving any promissory note or
notes, or any security for the said purchase price, to demand
of and receive from such vendor, and It shall be the duty of
eacli vendor of such goods to furnish to the purchaser a
written statement, verllled by the statutory declaration of the
vendor or his duly authorized agent, or If the vendor Is a
corporation, by the statutory declaration of the president,
vice-president, secretary-treasurer or manager of such cor-
poraitlon, which statement shall contain the names and ad-
dresses of all the creditors of the said vendor, together with
the amount of the indebtedness or liability due, owing, pay-
able or accruing due, or to become due and payable by said
vendor to each of said creditors, which said statement and
declaration may be in the form set forth in Schedule A
hereto, or to a like effect.
3. Whenever any person shall bargain for or purchase any
stock of goods, wares or merchandise in bulk, for cash or on
credit, and shall pay any part of the purchase price or execute
or deliver to the vendor or to his order, or to any person for
his use, any promissory note or other document for or on
account of the purchase price of said goods, or any part
thereof, without flrst having demanded and obtained from the
vendor, or from his agent, or if the vendor Is a corporation
from the president, vice-president, secretary-treasurer or
manager thereof, a written statement verified by statutory
declaration purporting to be such as Is provided for in the
preceding section of this Act, then such sale shall, in and
272
SALE AND TRAN8FEI1 OF STOCKS
With re.pMt to any action or prooeedlng which within ilxty
days thereafter U brought, had or taken agaln.t ,uch pur-
cha«r to Impeach or Bet aside such tran.actlon, be deemed
to be fraudulent and shall be absolutely void as against the
creditors of the vendor, and every disposition made of the
purchase money or of a note or other security given therefor
by the purchaser shall be fraudulent and void as between the
purchaser and creditors of the vendor, unlvu the wHoIr ot (»-■
proceed, 0/ .uoh ,ale. or ^ufieient thereo/ to ,„ti.ty the claim.
0/ all creators of the vendor i, in fact actually applied by the
vendor l„ „r toward, payment of all hi, creditor,, without
Oivma any preference or priority to one over another except
,ueh a, I, provilled for by law or previous contract.
(2) Where goods, wares and merchandise purchased In bulk
contrary to the provisions of this Act are resold In bulk and
It appears to the court that the sale and re-sale were made for
he purpose of evading this Act, the rights of the creditors of
the original vendor hereunder shall be capable of enforcement
against the person or persons In possession of such goods
wares and merchandise, In the same way as though they were
still In the hands of the original purchaser.
4. Any such purchaser upon obtaining such written state-
ment and statutory declaration shall either obtain the written
waiver hereinafter referred to, from the creditors of the
vendor, or shall pay the whole of his purchase money or suffi-
cient thereof to satisfy the claims of all the creditors of the
vendor, or deliver his promissory note or notes or other
documents securing the same, or part thereof, Into the hands
Of an official assignee, for distribution pro rata among the
creditors of the said vendor, subject to any preferences pro-
vided for by law or by previous contract. Such distribution
shall be made In like manner as moneys are distributed by an
official assignee under The A„i„„ment, Act. and all the pro-
visions of The A„ianment, Act relating to meetings of credi-
tors, advertising for creditors and proof of claims shall apply
to proceedings had by an official assign under this section.
The fees of any such official ar.,lgnee shall not exceed 3 per
cent, of the total proceeds of such sale which shall come to
his hands, and shall together with any disbursements be
paid by being deducted out of the moneys to be received by
18
373
1^
■ILI AKD TBANSTXB OF STOOEl
tht nil endttnn ud •ball In no erant be ebwind to U»
debtor; proTtded fnrtber tbat from and after the furnlibinc
of lucb declaration no preference or priority ihall be obtain-
able by any creditor by attachment or gamlehlnc proceea or
otberrlie.
». If such purctaawir upon recelTlni lucS written itatement
and statutory declaration ehall fall to obaerre the require-
menu of the laet precedlni section without obtalninc the
written walrer from creditor! hereinafter referred to. then
•uch pnrchaaer ehall be liable to the credltora of the vendor
In the amount of the purchase price or such portion thereof
as la not or has not been paid or applied In or towards
payment of all the creditors of the vendor pro rolo without
rlTlng any preference or priority to one oyer another except
such as Is provided by law or previous contract.
«. Any sale or transfer of a stock of goods, wares or mer-
chandise, out of the usual course of business or trade of the
vendor, or whenever substantially the entire stock-in-trade of
' e vendor shall be sold or conveyed, or whenever an
Interest In the business or trade of the vendor Is sold
or conveyed, or attempted to be sold and conveyed, such
sale, transfer or conveyance shall be deemed "a sale In
bulk" within the n.eaning of this Act; provided, however,
that if the ver-.3„r produces and delivers to the vendee
a written waiver of the provisions of this Act from his
credRora, representing llfty per cent. In number and value of
the claims as shown by said written statement, then the pro-
visions of this Act shall not apply.
7. This Act shall only apply to sales by traders and mer-
cbants denned as follows:
(o) Persons who as their ostensible occup»"on buy and
sell goods, wares and merchandise, ordinarily the
subject of trade and commerce;
(A) Commission merchants;
(c) Manufacturers.
8. Nothing m this Act contained shall apply to or affect any
sale by executors, administrators, receivers, assignees for the
beneat of creditors or any public official acting under Jrdlclal
874
=J
PABT VIII
Insurance, Naturalization, Copy,
rights. Divorce, etc.
nrl
1:1
i\ !
V
11 I
I
HON. GEORGE A. COX
Capitalist anil FinaiiciiT
M«de ■ memlwr of tha S«natr |8%
iMauBAMca
INSURANCE
D.talUou._Twai, Einployid.-In.nr«nM ii a rontrart
b, wl,.c, „,a. „f the ,,artie«, oullcl ,l,c insurer, bin'™ mn
-elf to tb. other, called the in.ure.l, t„ ,,„y bin a tm of
money or „therwi.e indemnify hi,n in caU'of tlu I ?;:'
".B of a fortuitou, event, provided for in a general or ««..
e..l manner m the contraet, in con-ideralio', of a or S,
-urn of money called a premium, which the latter pay "
binds himself to pay biro.
■.?„n„'?'„'"^"' "l """"'' '"' "'"■•'' '!'« '"'""•»'■' i» »"*•
» called a policy, the events or cause, to be insured a^ain t
liitle";;"!"?' "" '""'* """"" "■« -""J-'-'.tfer or
ih^l,' "i' '^""'•-In'uronce is divided Kenerallv into
Ihrec kinds: fire, marine, and life-the last includfng accl
dent insurance as a branch.
Tax IHSUSAHOE
Hr. iMurinc. includes all undertakinp, to indemnify the
1. s .red against lossc. by lire, whether u|k,„ buiUiiiKs, ship,,
or the goods and stock contained therein, or live stoik
J?t "^ "f^ *" lMur«L-Every kind of property
mry become the subject of insurance, unless, from moires
of public policy. It has been prohibited by law. Insurants
freight, bottomry, loans, proHts and commissions
Who m«y IiuurB.-A person in order to secure a valid
po icy must have an interest in the propertv insured. It is
not necessary, however, that a person should be the owner
of the whole or a part of the pro|«.rty in order to enable
him o effect an insurance thereon. It i, sufflcieni if he is
directly interested in its safety. A person. tlie,ef..,e, h.,a
on insurab c interest in any property wlien he is so circum-
stanced with respect to it, that its loss will be prejudicial to
Increaring Ri.k.-The amount of premium is based upon
the decree of danger there is of fire. The insured oiust
thereforo, not increase the risk; if he does the policy be-
875
II
IMIUIUNCV
MUM void. No ohonge .liouM b« mad« wilhoat notifyinir
the inmiron™ compony and oblBining it. conMnt.
in.,,"r" "'"'''' "'''"■ ""' '"'"'•>' '" '"»"'' for whi,h til.
ln.iir..d I, not re.rKi„»ible, will not nffect the cintr.ct
„ hT'"*,"""'"' "'"■'' ""= """ "" R"»l«.wdcr or gum-
Ine^mll be k..,,t .,„ Il,, p,,.,,,:.,,. in.ured; that they -hru
not b*ro,„„ v,»a„t, or ,l,ai if „„y „,,,„ i„„r,„„ i,^dd"j
the dmipBiiy he iioliHed.
..^'!?T"**""' "" "".•'"'■' "' "" """'■'• »» «» "■, char,
•cter of the prop.Tl.v or the >ln„Ber to which it m.y b. ex-
lioned iiialie tlie policy void.
irffUgroc«.-A Hre caused by negligence does not eicmpt
the company from payint- the lo. , „„le„ the negligence U
•o great an to bo criminal or to indicate fraud.
Proof of Loii.- In „r,ler to recover amount of in.uranee
he insured, alter the los, of property by Are, musl prove
the quantity „„,1 value of the goods ao lost, and also the
injury 8u»taincd on g,„,ds not burned by reason of water
uMd ,n attcmotin!.. to extinguish the Hre, and must make
M^. jmdaviu .n,.l produce such certiHcales cs the terms of
iffi f"';")'/'''!'"'-''' ""'l '•■•"«« the same to be filed in the
oBIco of the company within the time specifled in the pol-
icy of insurance. *^
But with some cmpanies and in some States the full in-
surance will not be paid unless the insurance is of a certain
fixed propm'tionnic amount of the value of the property
»10,(KM) are insurcl for only |.5,000 and there is a partial
loss say. U fS.OOO, the full $.5.noo insurance will not be
paid but only a proportionate amount thereof.
Aooiint f»id.-The amount to be paid in fire insurance is
the amount of the loss, unl..», the loss exceeds the amount
of th. policy. The company n.xcr nays more than the pol-
17' ?.U ""■ ''"'''■■'■ '" '■'"■ *■■'•"''"' ""'1 the loss is !(;300
i SfooA* ,"".'' '!"' ''"''■'■'' ''"'"""» *2,700. It the poliev
Si.'i.nOO and the policy ia dischurged.
Vahiition is sometimes n.ade in policies upon chattels of
uneerlam value, aa books, pl.nte, or works of art, and if a
8T6
INKirBANI'l!
I.« happen, ,b. ,„„„a ,. .„,„„, „„,^ ,„ ,^,^_^, ^^^^^
£;£-£=■:—-»=:.:.'"
•o.. or „„„,„„, ,„,„ .xS"L rr,:„,""r,:™ """,'-""»"«•.
ury, 191:-. •■'"■", of ,he compuny th, l,j,„ ,,„,. „, j„„/
Se,.,etnry, W»LTI11 R Oi.abk.
[8EALJ
Renewal of Pire Inauriinre
Preciaent.
"f fony iJol]ar«,
The r]„i '■";"""'• ^""■■""'- •'"""'"■y in, 19
PrealdenL
[SEAL
INSURANCR
Anignment of Policy
knowledged) hove 7ra„l/^ m ? "" "''"'"'' '' >"">-y •«■
.lata, .„d n.nd l„ .„d?o .i°;.thT- ■",.°' """■ """""'■ '■"'"•'
•van hlm.elt „J ,to ,;",« r,, , '"™''">' >° M""'^ 6ln> full, to
are (or myself aad mv ,„l,^ ' "^ "" "'""^ """'r «l«n
l.l» legal repreSaUve' ' "''"»»'•'"- to «,d Carle, oLa aad
..o.i°d:r'oT°irr°i. \.-„t '""""° -■ •" ^-^ ■« «... .h,.
Exeeuttd and delivered In the Chahlib A. BlBKOWa. [auAI,]
presence of
WILLIAM SPENCER.
Wc hereby approve of the above assignment.
(Signed) John Jones, Secretary,
New Hartford Ins. Co.
MARINE INSUEANOE ,
Marine Insurance is a contract to pay the owner of a ship
and cargo certain portions of l.i^ loss, if it is damaged or
destro.ved while at sea.
The Premium is often paid by a scries of notes called pre-
a.um notes. The policy is valid whether the notes are paid
or not. '^
The Amount of the policy may bo any ti.xed snm, namelv,
the loss the company shiiii he r sponsible for. The amount
to be paid 13 that proportion of the loss which the amount
of the policy bears to the value oC ti property. Hence the
company does not pay the whole of the lors unless the oolicv
equals the value of the property.
If property is insured to only half its value the company
pays only one-half the loss.
If policies have been obtained in several companies each
company pays its proportion of the loss in the same pro-
portion as though it were tli only company.
A '^inie Policy is one framed to' cover possible loss within
« sp cifled tune. This may be a year or certain months of
278
1-;-
HABINE 1S8URANCE
lyl": °"'" ""''"'"' """' '""y "'" '''^ i" « «rtain
Wlien the insurance is for a certain voyaRe, tlie iilace of
sailms and (h„t wl.ieh is to be the termination of the ™ya«e
n.nrt be spee.Hed, and the voyage must be bv the orllfy
onrse t,„m one p„r^ to the other unless deviation is a led
by the terms of the policy. If the vessel does not e,"er
..|.on the contemplated voyage the premium Teed not be
paid, and if paid must be returned.
»Uk Assnmed-Tbe risk provided against is not only that
of nre, but also the other extraordinary perils attenfinra
-« voyage, such as the perils of the seZ piracy, ^, 'av"
erase and salvage, (ieneral average is the !,« of ^ods
occasioned by throwing overboard a part of the cargo!
order to save the vessel during a storm. Salvage is a com
!;:;;:;;":" ^'" '"'"''" '- -"--^^ "-"p^^^- 1'-4 Mud^z.
sn?eTth."e'''~^'r''. "r^' "'■^ "f™ ""'d •■''"'■• <>«"« in-
sured, the consent of the company should be secured to make
,0 iev''''f""7/",^"'- J'"' "'">■ >"■ '•''"■■■"''' '■J- making the
of t fe lots "'Vhr",^ "' ^''"^ " """•^ -"""" "' """™«
»l! owJis the goods "" ""'"^ """'"^ ■" ^°™ "" """^
Valued PoUcy.-The place for the valuation of the prop-
erty s .sometimes left bla.ik. In that case the value ZZt
?s in:er™d"'the" ItV'''^ "'•""' '™"- »'" "f™ '" "
IS inserted, then that valne is controlling for both parties
.t .s then called a valued policy. H i„ th^at policy the g^a
2;!i
are vnliied at $500 and llic luss is if200, llie I'Dnipany paja
only $200. If the loss liad lioeii .■f.'jOO llio company would
have paid tile wliole loss. A full insurance is when value
of propoity and value of i>oliey are equal.
Seaworthiness.-It is taken for Rrauled that a vessel to
be insured is seaworthy. The jierson insured, not tile com-
pany, must take (he risk. If the vessel proves to be not
seawoitliy the insurance is void, though both the insured
and insurers were not aware of it.
Lost or Not Lost— These words in a policy have reference
to the insurance of property on sea when neither the owner
nor the company know whether it is already lost or not.
The company take the risk, also, and will pay the loss at
the time the contract is made.
Abandonment.-If property is wholly lost the company
pays the whole amount of its policy. If the partial loss be
less than half the value of the property the company pays
Its due proportion of the loss. But if the loss is partial,
but amounts to more than half the property in value, its
owner has the right to give up to the company what re-
mains, and claim the full amount of the policy. This is
called the right of abandonment. If the words "without
right of abandonment" are in the policy the company can
refuse to take the property.
LIFE mSURANCE
Lift Insurance is a contract to pay a certain sum of monev
on the death of a certain person or when he reaches a cer-
tain age.
A Whole-lift Policy is an agreement to imy a certain sum
to the representativ. s of the insured mentioned therein on
his death.
An Endowment Policy is an agreement to pay a certain
sum to the insured at the end of a fi.ved tei-m, or to his rep-
resentatives on his death, should that happen hefiue the end
of the term.
Principles Ck)Temlng.--Life insurance is governed by the
same legal principles, so far as they are applicable, as other
kinds of insurance. Any fraud or deceit in obtaining a
880
INSURANCE
jiolicj-, or misrepresentation of essential facts, will render
It void.
Insurable Interest-Any person can insure the life of an-
other upon uhom he or she is dependent for support, or in
the oontmunnce of whose life he or slie has an adequate
peeuniar.v interest, and a wife is always held to have an iu-
surahle interest in the life of her husband.
The consent of the pereon whose life is insured must be
obtained to a policy issued in favor of a third party.
It there is no insurable interest the contract is void, as
beinj? a wa<;er policy.
A creditor may insure the life of his debtor for the mo-
tection of his debt.
Restrictions are usually imposed by the company, such as
to travel only within certain limits, or not to 'en"a.'e in
hazardous employments. In such cases, if the insured de-
sires to overstep the restrictions, permission must be .di-
tamed from the company.
Assigning Policy.-IJfe insurance policies are assiirnahle.
The policy Itself usually specifies the way in which the
transfer must be made. Generally the assent of the insur-
ance company is required to an assignment.
Life Insurance Policy
No. 48,728.
The Occident Life Insurance Company
In consideration ot the repre.ent.tlon. made to them in (he appll-
canon tor thi. policy, and „I the .um ol thirty-tour dollar, and the
further ,u„. of thirty-four dollar, to he paid on the 27th day „t Janu-
tZ.rTt nf , '^l'" """' """"« "" ""'tauance ot thi. policy, do
insure the lite ot Cha,. N. Milton, cf Fort Leavenworth, in ,bc Coun.v
Of Leavenworth state ot Kansas, in the amount of one thou.and dollar-
tor the term of hi. natural life. And the said company doe, promise
and agree to pay the amount of the said Insurant at L „mce ,„ st
Loul. ,„ Cha., N. Milton's iegai representatives in sixty day. after due
t°hiL™o"y. ""'"''"' '""" °' "'" '""' ^"""^ "■' -"t'nua". of
In witness whereof the said Occident Life Insurance Company ha,
"'JV/t;^:'^""-' "'-'^ '■"■ -""- - ™-°-' •-
WAn«E» Weight, j„^„ g Costello,
,„„, *""•-'■ "resident.
Premium $34. payable semi-annually.
281
w
h ,;
'i I'i
m-^
INSUHANCE
Indoraed Auignment
Clares Dorr ,"„ ."r^ 'V'J^^, •'"«■■«=« tr.n.,., ,o n„ ..«
-' under Iho .aaie " her.alt.r ma, b.,,, |„, t„,
W/.ne.» ,ny b.„j „, „., ,^„ ,_.^^ ^^^ __^ ^^^_^^^_^ ^ ^ ^^^^
Executed la the pre.eoce ot '^""' "' ""■'""'■ '"'"•'
El>WA«u EVERKTT.
Recent investigations by a LcRislativ^ Comniitee into the
Big tocome and Snrplns.-One fact looms out of the in-
oo^'r :„T'"- f r' -"-.eietrtrixrof^^^,!
;t:;r™rrr ' •■"^""'"- "'^-- -^ ti^:.^
the people of the United States now pavin<- in"o .°fe In
snraneo treasuries $9,000,000 a week but the ""oM in.
J»nies„„,d ,2,2.0,000,000 assets tt p'rottfou.lX X
.1 Htriy„„rf fT "7- ''f-'"'-"^^"-'- ""Wlities. Adding in-
TZ °' ■'/■•'""""' insurance, fully *2,500,000,000,-en„al
Di^rtin^th ;■' "; '""' '" "'' "■^"™"- treasuries.
Diverting the Surplus—Instead ot regardinK this vast snr
Pl"^ accu„,„|ation as a sacred trust for tit, widlws and
orphans of the policy holders, the managers 0^^"
1 fe nsuronce companies in New York devised metLs of
Sre^a'^dTrienV^^' "' '-'' ^^^ ^^^^^:^
Among the principal means resorted to for thus diverting
INSURANCE
Big EmolamentB of the McOurdy Family -Prc,i,l,.nf \r
urd.v of „,e M„tu»l Life, was ,!^d nTLv Vt * ?,^«„^ '"
.ear, lus .son, holding a Bubordinate po.i,i, ,"^„ , *, >^ Z
. ' ""^ ""^i'- Tlie policy holders of these three leadin..
ill™ ^■^""'■^ '" set two dollars back and to -ive
he manaKers and agents one dollar. For everv SIO 0 nl 1
tban lu n;rV«;t „f!t 7?"""' '"'" "'""'•'"='' f""" I-"-
•han 23 ,ler cent ™'' "' "'' ''""™"'^ '" """«
SmaU DiTidends.-Di.rine 1<)04 the Mnt„.i'.
the large con,pan,es has been wasteful, almost beyond belie"
INSURANCE I
'l-i.- f.„.e vain... HU^lZ^rV'" "''•" ''-'' ""'■■'' '^••".
|K.lioieK w„„|,i h„ „,.,," •""" "' ".'"'l""' oulstamlinK
«-rth .,„„. (),• V . „ :r, ","■'■ '"""« ''I'"' 'I-.V »™
ins protoHi,,,, «'o ,„' " h^ u,!' """"" """"• "'" <■•■<!■■**-
.■oinparaliv;],. ..|,"a ' pr"" '"T""''' '"' """"'"'■'>
1»"4 „f one la, r Wlin """""l ""' '"•'""'•« ^'"'« for
•"i"«. revenue :,■ r i r"""-" show, „,„, „,„, , ,„^.
amounted to b„, .nsO.OOO 'neindi "''Z',f T"" "-^r"'^^
'I i» K. 1... l,„rie,I rr ■ """onal Kovernment, and
-•""rls w 1 I, Id ,, ° """";."•">■ ''•i" I" •''■v«ed. which the
l«.st one-thi,-d oxpenses. Premiums should be eut at
word «en8i.r«n™.» or InTorLnV. k ^ "' "«°' '"■^" "■«
W.S. .„.., .,; p;.;zT:rrr;Li:-- r™
284
IXSCBANCE.
.uch a« -life In,.™.™- a„d «„c|d,Bt ln.»r.nce," hav" Tad
an .„„r„,„.« development. The ,l„,„lo,t Idea o „':„ a„co
a an agreement made by a ••group or person, •■ that when °
he C "°" '" '"' "' "'™' " '"»" •■" "I'trlbuted "e
organized^ A rivalry between the « pronrletarv " an,l ,h
Panie, were taxed ,or the ^ZorTJ; nT Z:ZZ:Z
he injustice of that ,y»tem eventually became apparent am
n.„ra„ce of personal property rapidly became a" ,„,;„'.'
wa : e .'sr'z Z' "i """ '"' ^™™"'- -^^"""^
«as tne sun Fire OfHce," founded over 200 vear, «„„
•«::.X2"°°: '"i "^ "■" "■■"'"■ »•'" »«"." aLT„
society of Assurance tor Widows nnH n..„k ,.
founded In 1BOT ... , "'oows and Orphans" was
lounaea in ](,»!). Its plan was a crude form nf iil,.t .
::red'"ha?;^^''"'-"' '^'"^"■■" •'-rnelrel'e IZ
theTh?efH™u. ■""■"" "'™ " "■" ""^■'o'" '■emedy for
le^^^teTril "o'r- faiTt;-' '"^"™"^^ '"■='^'''-
c-aXiTe'T f ^= '™- -^onr^r-iTg:
rirrr rra g-art?; "^'^'^ '-'-- -^ — -
•n case of loss Is not deterZn^rbrthe ."^ILT^:: ZZl^
2K
INSCBANCE.
iMured, but .Imply by the •>.ai...t ,f the 1... „ fa, .— -
1' 'X^*'!' '" "' "" '° ""•" ""' •"«'>■■-' """^n
the policy. "Average" pollcle. conUIn . cl.u.e th.t the
lr»7,; ," " ""'"' '" """"' "^ "•"' "«- K"™
value of the property at the time of the Ore. Th. contract
1. contained ,„ a written ln.trnn,en, called the CX^
Since the passage of the Oambllng Act In England In 1774
he contract Is void It made on any event wherein the person
for Whose beneflt or on whose account the policy Is made
h" BO Interest Hence the policy states that the loss "hafi
be payable to the assured "., hi. Interest may .pp„;.. The
transfe the policy without the co.sent of the company.
The policy usually contains "conditio.,.- and the con^r'
entered Into on the basis of a proposal signed by the Z
tending assured, called an - .ppllcaUon." The proposal con-
slsts Chiefly of written answers to Question, and .UtemenJs
Itec ,o„ r", ■" """ °'""'"'-"»' '" "-"'^ guidance and
protection It Is essential that the questions shall bo an-
.wered and the tact. ,t.t«l trnly. A knowingly f.l," .n,w"r
ZmL , T. I ' "''" '""''<'™' >>>l.-8tatements have
fal" of theTr ^ '°'""'" " " *"' '»*"»"' ">"' O" tbo
ralth of their being correct. Every fact that I. , 1...1.
cTd^'a'.i".!:'' *"""■ •" "" '-— •"^htt'b o„ .i'
rated, and the property should be a«cnr.t«l, described.
In Canada there are statutes, both Dominion .,:« Provln-
Thi' «ZVTV^ "^"'"""^ ""'■"'' «»"» <" insurance
The Dominion Ins.rance Act of 1910 Is a general act anoH
cable .0 the whole of Canada, but there are certiti In uran e
companies and classes of Insurance excepted from It. oper^
ion. The Minister of Finance Is authori.ed to Issue a llcen™
to any nsurance company .0 which the act applies, ,0 clrry
on business within the Dominion. The Act app;i;s to life
insurance and to are Insurance In all their forms also to
accident, guarantee, lldellty, bond, burglary, weather cyclone
tornado, plate glase, steam boiler, sprlnkUr leakag^TnUnd
iZlTe- "'°'""'"- "'"" '■"" ""™' -t"" MnH
\:
IXStlRASCB.
EieiT eompM, mi.t ma« ■ dtpoiiit with the Xlnhttr of
HMnee .nd obtala ■ liMg>e before commenrlag ba>lieM
The Oovernmont sppointe a " auperlntendent." who acts
under the authority of the Minuter of Finance keeps a
record of the aecurltlea required to be depo.ltod, and of the
Mcense. le.ued, and who muat personally vl.lt the Head
HWce of each company In Canada once ■ year aad make aa
aaaual report Each company Ig required to send In to the
M n later annually a >»ora ntalemeat of Us asset, and 11a-
miltles, Income end expenditure. In the case of any loss by
Are on property Insured In Panada, remaining unpaid for
H.1 v^T; "" ''""' "' *"" <■•"""'«"» "»f "• wlfhdrawn by
lie MlBlster. Another provision says, « >o Hre poiiry shall
ears"" '""' '"' °'"™'' '"" ' ''"'*" ""''"' ""'" ""*•
« life Insuraaee - Is a contract by which the Insurer under-
akos to pay a given sum. upon the happening of a par-
Icular event contingent upon the duration of human life
in consideration of the Immediate payment of a s.naller sum'
f-very policy delivered In Canada by any life Insurance com-
pany, licensed to carry on business within Canada, shall be
deemed to contain "the whole coatract between the parties,"
and no provision shall be Incorporated therein by rlferenco
to rules, by-laws, obligations or any other writing, unless
they are endorsed npon or atUched to the polley. No com-
pany can carry on an "assessment life" Insurance business
In Canada without being licensed and registered, and com-
plying with the other provisions of the Act. Death claims
are declared to be a lirst charge on all moneys realized on
assessments, and no portion of such moneys can be used for
any expense whatever. Any action to enforce the obligation
of any policy may be taken In any court of competent Jurls-
uTr^iuV^, 'T.'"^' ""'" *'"' """"^ »«"•' "■»•"<•''. »'
last resided before his decease.
The directors of each company are authorized to make
by-laws, not contrary to law, nor to the special act under
which the company Is Incorporated, nor to the Insurance Act,
The books of the company shall be open to the Inspection
287
11
IN8UBAN0B.
Of the •htreholderi and credlton, >nd In the oua of life
oonip«nle». to Inapectlon by participating policy holden, at
the Head Olllco or chief place of bujilneai of the company,
" ProTlarUI hiinnian C«mpa>le>.»-Each province han ltj<
own Inaurance Act. authorlilng the Incorporation of com-
panies to underUke and carry on lire, life, accident. Inland
marine and other kinds of Insurance bualneas within the
province. The executive council of each province hai con-
trol over provincial companies so Incorporated.
Provincial Insurance Acts are necessarily similar, and their
provisions are generally to the same effect, as those of the
Dominion Act.
There arc « statntory rondltlons," which provide (a) That
the Insured shall forthwith, after a loss, notify the conpaay
In wrltlnx, and where this condition Is not complied with the
Insured may not b« able to reeoTer. (b) That If the pro-
perty Is assigned without a written permission endorsed upon
the policy, the policy shall thereby become Told. But this
condition does not apply to a change of title hy succession
or operation of law, or by reason of death, (c) That money,
books of account, and securities for money are not Insurable.
(d) That If the assured has any other Insnnnn on the pro-
perty covered by his policy which is not disclosed to the
company, or if he afterwards elTects other Insurance thereon
without the written consent of the company, he will not be
entitled to recover In excess of sixty per cent, of the loss or
damage, but if the non-disclosure of the other Insurance Is
for a franJnleit purpose, the policy shall become void, (e)
That any change In the property insured which Is material
to the risk and within the control or knowledge of the assured
shall avoid the policy, unless the change Is promptly notllled
to the company, (f) That the company Is not liable for the
loss of property owned by "any other person than the
aBsnr^d," unless the Interest of such person Is stated In or
upon the policy, (g) That where the Insurance is upon
buildings or their contents, and the loss Is caused by the
want of brick, stone, or cement chimneys, or by stoves or
stovepipes being, to the knowledge of the assured, In an
INSIIRANCK.
uMufo condition, or Improperly .ec»,«|, or It good, ,re d.m.
which the application of •• Urn heat" I, nectary, or ?t the
Kooda arc UaomKcd while the h„lldl„„, are b,.l„/a°t ered or
repaired, and In cun.e,„„.ncc thereof; or If the drmJe
occur, „.b,„. „„„,„„„, „„„, „„ ^^ other I'Z
lH.wdM IH or are „l..red or kept In the building Insured or
!or"he' „'." "■• ""*"' '"• "■"-"■■^ "■•■' ■«" "e liable
Z .f, ? " P"rpo,cB, In quantltle, not exceeding
l> Th»M''.r """•'^'"'■"' ■>" "> 'he »"-»e limited ,ua„ ty
(h) That In the event ot there being any other In.nrance upon
the property at the time of the happening of any lo.. „"
damage each company .hall only be liable for a rateable
Pro,K>rtlon of the loss or damage, or for such araoun I ,h°
assured may be entitled to recover (li Th., i "' "' '""
..™„.„d by „.M„,„g or « i«..oL"::r rr.d.'T„r
tompanles may reserve to themselves the right to termfnate
a Wiley by giving seven days' notice, and by repaying a r."!
able proportion of the premlnm for the unexpired term H
rl , L' *""■* """"' "'"'"' "> 'l-" c-n-pany or It,
agent. All written notices may be by letter delivered to the
assured or by registered letter addressed to him at his last
pos -office address Where property Insured Ts on^ pa
tla ly damaged, no abandonment of the same wl be aUowed
unless with the consent ot the company. An, p"„en entiS
0 make » claim „„der the p„l,c, shcld UMh^'mllln^^,
a «rlf „, ,„ ,„e company, and deliver .n .eco„»t „, «'
lo», ., the nature of the ease j.erralt,, und furnish ?her.wi.h
a sUtntor, declaration verl,yi„, „«' ."'«"."'?» stall.'
the e«„,e of the Are ..d ho« It originated, etc. The assured
should also. If possible, produce books of account w.reh
receipts, stock lists. Invoices and other vouchers i?!!
or his Claim. Any rraud or false stat:L:t"t:;:y'"st:t„To°ry
^» 289
I
i
INIIURANCK.
^.rr.c..p.„,p„J'o",h1l„.. ThTr, r? """"■ "'"
ACCIDENT AJID CASlllTT H8UBA1VCE.
..in.. 10.. from v.rlou. tortultou. h.pUC '"
benent for . partially dl.abllng accident. "^
dent, to tho.e ,n their employ, accident, to .Lm bone™:
S90
1
■UUI0K4TION
IMMIGRATION
With ro„rd .0 .„.,„ lnu„.,ra„7/TL'''^l™'° Vrn ""'
ha. cnacttd law. with rciiard to .).„ i7 '"'*"•' ' •fltamot
""ly It I. to l,iJciZmiZJ ""'""■""" °m^"" who.,.
«mmlgra„t do . no. ,« ^ . t'h;^" '" '""'" """^ «"
In the country from whi'ch h " ""'"'^""' <" ">■"" "'■»"
the country for L* ' ' ^or"' " I' "" '" '=°"""'' """
Pnnl.hment, etc. I. ,S. ,.°' ,"'"'""* ■"•"-"cutlon or
I. under .he e„l„ ?„,„",.!, ''^' '" "'•"« «« "•"->»"
"•«»t The Dominion pi: I'r."' "" """""'»» •"""••
M„™i,n..l..T?rww:r:a:°revrH'''T'"'"' ■''''"^'' «■■
.».» and therearte'r sllrt.^re: "?„ t9lV"?r";"r '"
":rc\=:d^°^;r.?hrr"-^^^^^^^^^^^
-r^^ rir£r^r '^^'" -"
domicile, .hall be Dermltt^r, , . ""■" ■"■ "»' *-■«"»<"«"
landed or entered "anlda 27\ ''"""■ " " "" ■■"
therein, who can he '"'..lied » t, "'"''""""' "■ ■•™"'"
-prohibited cUl,,,,.- The ' °„M. ^'™'""'' '^ "">' ■" '"e
imbecile,, fee"" "„de?Ir„? °'""'" ""■ '"' ""<""•
have been In.ane vi.Wn five "' ""'""■ " """""^ '"'«'
afflicted with a„yCl„"rra"e''r':';:, '" "^7""'^
which 1. contaeiou. «, i„, """ase, or with any disease
disease Is or^.Tch . „" l :":ithr""'^'' """ " ^"*
time, .nch person may be per' f.ted to " T'™^'"'' »'«'«
to leave the ship for medlcaMr . . ''''"'"" °" "■"ard, or
are dumb, blind or o^he w. """'"''"'• «" Immigrants who
the opinion of the B» Me, I""'?"" ■"•""^"^■'•' ""'"» '°
money or have s .ch nrofe , '""" """»• ""^'^ ""«<='<'"
ment that they a e n't Lie toT"""'™' '™"=' " ^l""^-
belong to a fa™"y whio^t^ve ?" " """""^ '■'""•««: "■■
.rants becoming ^a pS'bt 11^™ TdmnV:! 'r^
291
IMJIIOBATION
been convicted of any crime. InvoWng moral turpitude, (e)
ProBUtutes. and women or girls coming to Canada tor any
nmioral purpose, and persons living on the avails of prosti-
tution, (f) Persons who procure or attempt to bring Into
Canada prostitutes, or women or girls for the purpose of
prostitution (g) Professional beggars or vagrants, or persons
likely to become a public charge, (h) Immigrants to whom
money has been given or loaned by any charitable organ-
zaUon for the purpose of enabling them to qualify tor land-
ing In Canada, or whose passage to Canada has been paid
wholly or In part by any charitable organization or out of
public moneys; unless It Is shown that authority In writing
has been obtained from the superintendent of immigration
for the landing In Canada of such persons. (1) Persons who
do not tulflll. or meet, or comply with the conditions or re-
quirements of any regulaUons which for tht time being are
m force and applicable to such persons.
The Governor-ln-conncll h anthorbed to appoint a « Super-
iEtendent of Immigration," -Commissioners „f Immigration,'-
and such other officers as are deemed necessary for carry-
ng out the provisions of the act, and to establish and main-
tain Immigration offices at such places within and outside
of Canada as may seem proper, and to appoint or employ,
either permanently or temporarily, any subordinate officers
required In the furtherance of the objects and provisions of
the act, including medical officers, inspectors, guards, matrons
and nurses at Immigration stations.
c-^.'r\l°'', passengers are permitted to leave a vessel In
Canada, the immigration officer In charge may go on board
and inspect such vessel, and examine and take extracts from
the manifest of passengers, and from the bill of health, and
the master shall permit any examination of passengers re-
quired to be made on board his vessel whenever so directed
by the Immigration officers In charge.
Every passenger seeking to land In Canada is required to
go before an Immigration officer and submit to an eumlna-
UOB, either on shipboard or on train or at some other place
designated for that purpose. Each person on examination Is
required to answer truly all questions put to him; and every
person so examined may be immediately landed unless the
1
IMMIOBATION
NATURALIZATION
n Its national polity. The naturalization of aliensin cL»„^
ITVLsl „7V ar'.C iTLo" '"'"=■"• ""-•"''■'• ■"'"'
«„* . \_ »ueii. In the same manner as hv »
natural born British subject A titiP tn ™oi !.
P;oPen. Of an. aescHptlLV, Tae'riv:? rn.nr
or in uccesslon to an alien, tl,e .ame as if such all™ we"'
"fficrand".?" """ ""'" "' dls,uall«ed from holding
Office, and they cannot legally be elected for any municipal
Inte^T „ " ™ ""' "==' ""'■' ttree ywir, and who
intends when naturalized to re«lde in Canada may take and
:?WM Vr'eVr'i "'"««"--- --i ".UeZU- forms
year TnLe ?i ^'.""'r """'"^ '"^ ■>»'»' "»» "»Med three
years In the Dominion of Canada, with Intent to aetUe thereto.
1
1^'
i i'
tm§
KATCBALIZATION
^'tT^ t,*"*^"* '" **• •'"' •»»*• These cthB nay
.uthorlzed to administer oaths, or a iustloe of thTZce or
other nuiglstrate, or before a notary pnbllc. The ne^n
before whom the oaths are taken Is authorized to glve^°
Xh^'the",'?"'"''" "'''""' "■" "" -" ^^"^t^oZ.
and that the Judge or other officer has reason to believe and
time In Canada, and that the applicant Is a person ofrood
Character, etc. This certlUcate so given by the Judge. L^s
«t O.torio, to the ronrt of Ceneral Session, of the Peace^
the county In which the alien resides, or to tte Court of
tte Mm,. ° ?"!'" " '" ""'^"''^ "> ""' Circuit ConrtThln
tte limits Of the Jurisdiction In which the alien reaves In
T>ni«.d.i «i IT »"»i>ii lerntory It Is presented to the
e^U^the n "' ?' ""'■""'■' '" '^--' "■" «™ ate
rtrXteZprtrr..rH=:::;i^:~:^
=£^^^»i^^njir-rariH
£r^^/crrt i: rsrunr;;?^: rz
Court House, and must be transmitted to the Judge with an^
obec tons which may have been filed. Where Xre ,s"o
obect^o.,, a -Certificate of ».tnr.U.aUen - is Issued.. If any
objections are filed, the Judge or court appoints a time t^
b.™ TlmT" M T "»""• ^•" . P.™.Vh. w.^
oom a Britisli subject, but who whii» . • h._. .
CanadTardel^rbfret^uS^Jer:^^^^^^^^
the oaths above mentioned, and then apply to the oroner
court or authority for a "Crtiflcto .1 Il^ZnX mZ
294
NATUKALIZATIOS
KatloMlltj," readmitting him to the autus of a Briu-h ...h.
shall be deemed to be a subject of the .tate of which hw
father >, ' ""• "■" ""' ""« » »"««' o' cltl«n If .
i?^uch ^aSfer' '"""\"""^'' "«»■»« an alien, „lj .",„
res de^^'''^" " mother who. during Infancy, ha. b«ome .
...if ,^ '"'""'"''' '""" '^o '»""■■ ■"■ mother 1, natural-
l«d. shall within Canada be deemed to be a subject or niH.
iattrall^dlnH ."" °' """"' *''™» "'"■"» ""'e become
naturalized and who are resident within Canada, shall have
ittlon o'f ,f ^''"' """'°'"- '- «"•' Brit.1,^ he natu«l!
Nara„i:ri:ta^r„"'urr iiT'"" ^^ "-
o-Ja-Brs'h" rr. --' - -p-arAcna-sr^r
r„1^ !r^;. r '"" '" '™"' '"' "' "■» BrtUah Empire The
bourse SL Domlhlons Is a British subject But of
course there are exceptions to thl. rule. Fttr example the
Somlnlol " ""' """' *•" ■»" ^"^ '^« BrttJh'
395
PATENTS IN CANADA.
The P.Knt Offlo. I. . BiMch of ih. Department ol
Afriowltuni. .rH] th. HlnlXer of Agriculture for the
Uit» btlnr li the Commltaloner of P»tenl».
Any perwn who hu invented anv new and uaeful
trt. machine, manufacture or oompoililon of matter, or
My new and laeftiT Improvement in an) art, nuchine
naniKacture or compoaltlon of matter, which «« not
known or us«l bjr an; other person before hl« Invention
UMreof, and whioh hae not been In publio um or «ale
with the cooaent or kUowance of the in«ntor thereof
for more than one year previouily to hie application for
Patent therefor in Canada, may. on a petition to that
•OMt, preeented to the Commiseioner, and on com-
"iianoe with the other requirement of the Act, obtain
• pfttent granting to such perwn an exclusive property
In woh invention.
No patent bhall Issue for an Invention which has an
midt object In Tiew, or for any mere scientific prindple
or abstract theorem. '
Any person who has Invented any Iniprovemeni on
My patented invention, may obtain a patent (or such
Improvement; but he shall not thereby obtain t
right of vending or using the original invention, n.r
mil the patent for the original Invention confer the
right of vending or uting the petented improvement
The Patentee or his legal represenUtivea mnst, within
two year* from the date of the patent or an aalhorised
extension thereof, eonimence and continuously carry
on in Canada the construction or manufacture of the
invention patented in such manner that any pervon
deriring to use It may obtain It, or causa It to be made
for him ti a reasonable price at some manufactory or
wt^Iishmsnt for making or construoUng it In Canada.
If after twelve months from the granting of > patent,
or an authorised extension thereof, the PaU...ee or his
legal represenUtives imports, or canaes to bs imported,
into Canada thu invention for which the patent Is
rnntad, such patent shall be void m to the interest of
the person so Importing.
The Commissioner, upon satisfactory cause being
•howB, may grant to the Patentee or his legal represen-
taUvea an extenrion for a further term not exceeding
one yaar beyond the twelve months during whkh he
may import Into Cnna.ia the invention ; such applica-
tion must be made within three months before the
ezpliy. of the sold twelve months.
An InTentor obtaining a patent for his Invention in a
foreign ooontry before obtaining a Canadian patent,
n»y obtain the latter if san e be applied for within one
jear from the date of the Issue of the first foreign
potent; and If within three months oftcr the date of
iwue of a foreign patant the Inventor gives notice
to the Commissioner of his Intention to apply for a
Canadian Patent for such invention, then no other per-
«m having commenced to manufacture the same device
lo Canada during such period of one year shall be en-
titled to continue the manufacture of the same after the
Cwwdian patent has bacn obtained without the consent
«r allowanoe ot the inventor.
Upon application (or a patrnt. i.r within six months
A(ier wue o( the patent, ihe CommU«oner may oHer
hat, instead of the aWe provision, n. to manufacture
n CmidA within two., cars. ,„,h ps.«m .hall be eubject
to the following condition.;- Any pen»n. while the
I»tent .ontinuei. in for<c, may appl, to the Commie,
sioner for a license to make, construct, uw ami sell the
poterited invention, and i( (he CommiMloner is iniiifled
that the reason.ille requlremerts of the public have not
been saiisHed by reoson of the neglect or refusal of the
Potentee or his lej-al reprewntatives to make, construct,
or sell the Invention, or to grant licenses for so
doipij to Others on reasonable terms, he mav make an
ord.r under his bond and the seal of the Patent Odlce
"nirlr, . the owner of the patent to grant a license to
the p,./ rfn applying therefor upon such terma as to
royalties, etc., as the Commissioner deems Just, and i(
the Commissioner makes such an order, ond the owner
of the Patent refuses or neglects to comply therewith
within three Calendar months after a copy of It is
addressed to him or to his duly authorized agent, the
patent and all rights and privileges thereby granted
■hall cease and determine.
An application (or apatent is mode by a petition where-
inlhefiileornomeot thelnvention U set forth, and In
which the applicant declares that he i»the inventor of
thu invention, u well as plocing.his domicile at some
known and specifled place In Canada, and such petition
must bo verified by affidavit or afflrmation of the appli-
cant that he believes he is the Inventor of le said In-
vention, and that the sUtements in the petition are true.
Should the Inventor be dead, such oolh or affirmation
may be made by his asaifnee or legal representative,
»nd with the petition must be filed a specification (In
duplicate) <rf the invention which ahaU correctly and
fully desoribe the mo^e of operating same, the con-
trivances «iid things cUImed as new, and for the lue of
which exclusive property and privilege la chdmed, and
shall bear the name of the place where, and date when,
made, and shall be signed by Uie applicant and by two
witnesses. In the case of a machine, the apeciflcation
shall .•:.|ly explain the principle and several modes In
which it Is intended to apply, and work out the same ;
and wherj the Invention odnUta of illustration be
means of drawings, the ^ipllcant shall also send In
drawings in duplicate, showing dearly all parU of the
Invention. In all t .sea in which the invention admlU
of representation by model, the applicant, if required
by the Commlsdoner. shall also furnish a model of con-
venient siie ; and when the invenUon is a compoaition
of matter, the applicant shall also, on like requeet,
furnish specimens of the Ingredients and eompoeitioii
sufBclent in quantity for the purpoM of experiment;
In the case of conflicting kpplicatlons for any patent,
provision li ftiode lor submitting same to the arbitra-
tion ol three skilled persons, two of whom shall be
chosen by the applicants and the thlid by the Commii.
•ioner, and the decision or award In writing of moh
wUtratoi*, or at any two of them, •hall t>e HaaL
"U» I m. 01 u» .|,,,||«Uon II I. opttou f„, ,h,
t«.W. rw, onl,. „ J„,^, ^, „^„ ,„^„ ^
Sr:^c",^r '"""'• "" '"'""' •'"""°" ■"'■
".IMend In tb, P.ic„t o«|„ rt.U b. null iu,<l ,oli
*• *«*'"•' <«>y mbKIUiiil u.lp,e<,.
Uie P.t.nl»,, nmk.., comtractn, or put. Into pnctlc
Z Z"°" '" """' • >»""' '■" !«." "SJ^^^S S
Tu. iT^^K ' '»'•»'". «"■! -ho u«e. It, .n^ll ta
S™^,;^ " ■""'""■ " "'■ "«- "■P"»»l.tlv., In
•moon. 01 the J.n„i„, cw„„| ,„ ,b. p„„ , ^ J
l«--lnMn,„„.nt U .11.,^ to b..e fk.n p^ Sj
h". JnrlrflMton over th. intin Dominion ol Cniu.
Bvory p«i„,ui, OMI lUmp or snmv, on ,^k
."""'" '*«. o' " llio cu« maj b« ; or »hen Iron.
r;.rn?,rir '^'' "'''■'•■'"'""« '^^""'''•^^^^^
ii^Tl For .,ol.,lo„ o, tbl, provision ,b,„ |. ,„.
POM , ponnlt, not rroodinj lloo.ou. .nd. In d.f.ull
^In,ont il,™,. in,prl.„n™.nt .or'. ,.™ „« ." '
CMdlnir two niontha.
jcntad l«, .h.M 0.U.0 „„ „u ,|„„„.„^ .ji^i, ^,
b. MM .„,„.. tn 1. p™„rt ,„ ^
•PpLonlon . m.d„ b, ,„, Mb„ pen™, for .p.,™
.h.ll (,rth.llh II,. n«,l„. b, n,.ll, „, .„ob .ppll„,|„„
to th. pcnon nilns .nob c„„t, ,bo .b.ll. witbin tbr»
month. th.,i»rt«r, II h.wl.ht. to ...M hln«cll ol th.
..»«, m hi. pcuilon, .nd ut. th. otb.r .t.p. n«»
«ry on .„ .pp|i„i!„n l„r . p.t.nt. Th. .pp|l..,|o„
lor tb. p.t.nl m„.t b. m«l. „iih|„ „„, j^ ,^
Bllnj ol c,.e.t. otb.r»l» lb. Comml«lon.r I. nil.,,.-
rrom th. obllifatlon ol ffirbiK notlc
Th. Oonmmcnl ol Cuiul. m.,. .t .„y i|m., „„ „,
potrnlrf inv.nlion by pnyinu to tb. Pai.„t« ,„oh mn
«. tb. Commtalonor rrport. to b. . riiuon.bl. am-
p.n.atlon lor tbe UM thenwl.
ol CO, nt.rl„uns or hnilntlnj lb. .i^p, „„b „ j,.
vto. ol th. |„t«nl ol .noth.r p<.r«,n, or ol di».l,ln, th.
l»l.nM in o^dk I. . mtal„„„„„,, J„ ,„, , J^
thorel. > An. not .lowllne »200.l», or imprtaonrntnt
lor • torn not rxcMdlnj thrc. month., or both
J'!'',':i^'''' "P""""' '"' » Potrnt who h.. not ,cl
porlo. «l hi. mvrntlon. nnd i. In l..„ „l bci„B d«p«iLl
o hi. M«, ,mi, m. In a, p,,i.„t omo. . dracriptlon ol 1
lil.lnnntlon » hr, with or without pl.n.. ol hi. own
W.m.nbi, and othrr p.p.„, .„.„ „„.„, .J'^
op.n t. lb. Inspection ol lb. public .t tb. P.Unt Offlc
»nd.r «,ch r«ul.tlo,» u or. «loptrf In a„t b.hj,
Th. lollowin. Ice, „. p.y.bl. :-rull Ic on p.t.nt
<or 18 ,.m, mom; pmi,i ,„ ,„, ,2 ZT,
J.»,«a(IO, lor m„h.r t.m, 01 0 y..,. So i
•IW 1 lor copy ol p.t,nt, with .p«,l»c.tlon. »4.<»r^
ar]^"„''ii'',T';^"S '"■""«"■ •PPlictlon In 0,..t
arlWn m fe.00 ; P„„„e, ,20. „ . o.^ „ ,„
p.t,nu coyer not onl, Oormm.y „d p„,„ b„, .,„
thd, colon,^ Th. «u„l.„ p.,.,,, .„„^ ,„ .„ J^
A.SiLlti'n'.r,""'" '" """" "" "PPll^Uon In th.
Au.t»l,.n states """">• V"™*-!, Victor^ l.„
South «r.l«,. South Au,l,.ll., Wotem Au.tn.bk .nd
ltan.nl. „ sr,.oo on mm,, o. tb. application „;.M
». allowanc ol „m, .|„1 Ksc ,„ p,.pa„,i„; „, a.
wilinir 01 patent: N.w Zealand, jaaoo- Mexico K' 00 ■
!l.t.l.BO.OO;J.,»n,P5.oo; Jamaica, lisu.oo.' ' '
iWL
-I t
iili
PATENTS, THADB HARKS AND COPTRIOHni
PATENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
How Obtained.— Application must be made to the Com-
missioner lit Patents, accompanied by carefully prepared
papers and drawings. Foreigners may obtain patents as well
as citizens of the United States.
AMigniMiita.— Every patent or any interest therein shaU be
assignable in law by an instrument In writing. The patentee
or his assigns may also grant and convey in like manner an
eioluaive right under his patent for the whole or any specified
part of the United States.
Mark.— Every patented article, before it is sold, must be
marked patented, so as to give notice to every one that it is
patented.
Iniringament is the making, using or selling the patented
article without the permission of the owner of the patent. Its
consequenoea are twofold: (1) The infringer must pay to the
owner of the patent whatever damages the latter suffers through
the infringement, equivalent usually to the profits which the
infringer has made; (a) the oourt will compel the infringer to
stop. By these two methods the ezolnilve right is enforced.
Fees Baquired by Law
1. Application — On filing each original application for a pat-
ent except in design cases, fifteen dollars.
2. Original Patent.— On issuing each original patent, except
in design cases, twenty dollars.
8. In Design Oaoes.- For three years and six months, ten dol-
lars; for seven years, fifteen dollars; for fourteen years, thirty
dollars.
4 Oaveat.— On filing each cc-eat, ten dollars.
8. B»-Iaaue of Patents.— On every application for the reissue
of a patent, thirty dollars.
a. Disclaimar.— On filing each disclaimer, ten dollars.
7. Bxtaniion of Patent.- On every application for the exten-
sion of a patent, fifty dollars.
8. Oront of Extension.— OA the granting of every extension of
a patent, fifty dollars.
9. Pint AnMal.— On an appeal for the first time from the
primary examiners to the examinerin-chief, ten dollars.
10. Xvery Appeal.- On every appeal from the examiner-in-
ohief to the commissioner, twenty dollars.
11. Oartiaad Oopleiot Patenta.—For certified ooplea of patents
■Z98
mit
PATENTS, TRADE HARKS AND CDHVRUIIITS
»nd other papm, Inoludlng oartifled printad ooples, ton oenu
per hundred words.
13. Bacordlng.— For recording every sMignment, agreement,
power of attorney, or other paper, of three hundred words or
under, one dollar; of over three hundred and under one thousand
words, twodollara; of over one thousand words, three dollars.
18. Oopiu of Drawing.— For copies of drawings, the reasonable
cost of making them.
14. Fml Intormatian.— These feea may be paid to the Commis-
sioner of Patents, or to the Treasurer or any of tlie assistant
treanirers of the United SUtes. If you desire to secure a pat-
ent write to the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C,
and you will receive all the necessary papers, blanlis, and com-
plete instructions and directions.
OAyum
A caveat, under the patent Uw, is a notice given to the ofHce
of the caveator's claims as Inventor, In order to prevent the
grant of a patent to another for the same allegeil Invention upon
an application aied during the life of a oaveat without notice to
the caveator.
Any person who has made a new invention or discovery, and
desires further time to mature the same, may, on payment of a
fee of ten dollars, file in the patent office a caveat setting forth
the object and the distinguishing characteristics of tlio inven
tlon, and praying protection of his right until he shall have
matured his invention. Such caveat shall be filed ta the confl-
dential archives of the office and preserved in secrecy, and shall
be operative for the term of one year from the filing thereof.
The oaveat may be renewed, on request in writing, by the pay-
ment of a second fee of ten dollars, and it will continue in force
for one year from the payment of such second fee.
The caveat must cotr.prise a specification, oath, and when tlie
nature of the case admits of it, a drawing, and, lllie the applica-
tion, must be limited to a single Invention or Improvement.
TRADE MASKS
A trade mark is a mark, emblem or symbol which a merchant
or manufacturer uses to denote his own gooc' !. It ia usually
attached to them and may be In the form of letters, words or
ornamental designs.
299
t'C
PATENTS, THADE MAHKS AND COPVRKIHTS
It a good for twenty-flve yeara. and rcnewab a tor .20
COPVBIOHT IJf CANADA.
t.on o, h.a work the "'o^Jr^Vt rd^rerthe'^u,.";? y-ea™"''
To ty,/^, ?' ^PP"™""" '»■• Canadtan Copyright.
To the Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa
Of Vete",-'Cri,;'dX?rha°t Tarr'' ,'■!/''' P^^'""
quest that you register said wt ^„ 1' ""* ' ^"'"^ '«"
"IT "'^'' f P™v'"ons M'theTopyH^h't ic?" "' """"■
Signed at Montreal, this third dVy of M^y 1912 m .„
' WUn^esse's"" """ *"°"'™ "■"ier^sllned.""' ''"' '" '*«
AMOS AMES. '°"^ JONES.
JAMES MOORE,
300
PATKNTS, TBADE MARKS AND COPYKlUUTa
Copsrright Uwi of the United Statu
A. Rerlwd by »n »rt of ConitreM, Including the proriilons for
foreign copyright, of Manih 8, 1891.
1. HowObt«ljMd.-A printo.1 copy of the title of the hook,
map. chart, dnmatio or musical compoeltlon. engraving, cut
print, photograph or chromo, or a dacriptim of the painting'
drawing, statue, statuary or model or design for a work of llie
fi^"^ '"' "^'"^ copyright is desired, must be delivered to
the Librarian of Congress or deposited in the mail, within the
United States, prepaid, addressed
Librarian of Congress,
Washington, D. C.
This may be done on or before the day of pubUoatlon In this
or any foreign oountiy.
The style of print is Immaterial; that of a typewriter wiU be
accepted.
Tlie printed title required may be a copy of the title page of
such publications as have title pages. In other cases the title
must be printed expressly for copyright entry, with name of
claimant of copyright But a separate title is required for each
entry and each title must be printed on paper as large as com-
mercial note Tlie title of periodical must Include the date and
number, and each number of the periodical requires a separate
entry of copyright
_FuUH«m».-Every applicant for copyright should state dis-
tinctly the full name and residence of the claimant and
whether the right is claimed as auyior, designer or proorietor
No affidavit or witness to the application is required
2. Copyright re«l.-The legal fee for reourding each copy-
right clahn is fifty cents, and for a copy of this record (or certif-
icate of oopyright under seal of the office) an additional fee of
fifty cents is required, making one dollar, if certificate is
wanted, which will be mailed as soon as reached in the records.
Tor publications which are the productions of persons not
citizensor residents of the United States the fee for recording title
Is one dollar, and fifty cents additional for a copy of the record.
Copies Required.— Not later than the day of publication in
this country or abroad, two complete copies of the best edition
of each book or other article must be delivered or deposited in
the maU within the United States, addressed to Librarian of
Congress, Washington, D. C-
301
FATEOTB, THADI! lUIUU AJID COPnUOHn
Hut B« AaiMiMn.— Booki moat be printed thim tTm .m in
... Unl.«l Stet« or f,„„ pUte. n«d. «.«.h»r^£SX^
from n,g.UT»n«<l. In th. United 8te««,, ohromT^i^
fb™''unl^u;i'"'"'"' •^""~-'" """"""n n..d„n
Mpyrlght i. Toldand peniUtyof twenty-flT.doUmhlnou™d.
No copy ii required to be depMltedeltewhM* ^^
I»ew«ditlon.-The law requine • oopy of eeeh ne<r edition
.hi"nL!f"".'^'"*'^ "'»"«-"• '»*l«tobedepodt«i.wS
the Lihrarien of Congnn. i™"". ■""•
Xetioe by Lnpiint.-No copyright 1. Telld unlete notice ii
given by Inwrttog in eveiy oopy publlri,«|. on the title pege or
following, if it be book, or if . map, chart, mueioal compjlrith^
print, cut engraving, photogreph. painting, dniwing, dbromo!
•tatu. .Utuuy, or mcdel or deign intended to b. p«ftated«
• work of the fin. arte, by in«ribing upon «,me porS^tSreS
I^J? ;,"'*',■"* .r '''■'°'' "■• "°» '■ mounted tl»M.
towtog word., vf.., "Entered According to Act of Congw,
In the Year — , by , in the office of the LlteSin
°l |^°g»" 't W«Alngton." or the word. ~Copyrigh"
H^^aT, '"^ OW»-Tl.e law ln,po«. a penalty of one
S^h„ri iw""^".!"''*^" "'"' *" """ »W»inL oopy.
right who di.il in«rt the notice, "Entered Aoooiding to Act of
Congre." or "Copyright," or word, of the .«ne iiporfino,
upon any book or article. ""j~ni in or
ftBultttoa. Ktc-The copyright law «cure. to author, and
their udgna the eicluri™ right to traclato or to dr»mati» any
of their work.; no notice or record i. required to enforce thta
right ^^
DiimionolOopyright.-The original tenn of copyright run.
for twenty^sight yearn. Within Ox month, of the end of that
time the author or dedgner, or hb widow or children mav
(wcure a renewal for the further term of fourteen yeara. AnnU-
cation. for renewal mmrt be accompanied by a printed title and
fee and by explicit statement of ownership in the case of the
author or relationdiip in the case of his hein., and must steto
definitely the date and place of entry of the original copyright.
Within two month, from date of renewal the record thmeof
must be advertHed in an American newspaper for four weeka
PATENTS, TRADE HARKH AND COPYRIUHTS
"m.^- th. foregoing, .xo.pt th, im„^ „ tL U1!L^
rig^ta tt* V!^^," •""J'"*' "' • ""•'«" ■»"<"■ «<■ copy-
».. ._. ~~' ™™ '"» .nteiBd at Stationer's Hall London M,.
t^T. °VJ^° *""r "«""«■ """1 five .hmbrj
™d^d of th. Company of Stationer, for four othTr nbrarii
O^ht mayb. e«n,.d in Frano. by an American brp„?.
SSilltt^ No fee or entry title required. Copyright in
C^ i»to be ..giatered with the MinilJer of Agric^ Se It
DI8CIMT AMD DUTMBUTKW OF MTATM
DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION
OF ESTATES
!■ BHtlsh Colambta.— Real eitau dnemdi to, am-
1, lineal deacendanta and tboa« claiming by or under them
per atlrpes; 2. the father; 3. the mother; 4, collateral rel-
•tlvea; 6, lurvlvlng wife or huaband, In caae Inteatata
leavea no lawful deacendanta. la entitled to one-halt of real
eatate, and In caae Inteatate leavea deacendanta, then to
one-third for life. Peraonal eatate deacenda according to
the Engllah Statute of Dlatributiona.
In Manitoba.— If an Inteatate die leaving a widow and
child or children, one-third of hia real and peraonal eatate
goea to hIa widow and two-tblrda to hIa child and children
In equal aharea, and. In caae of deceaae of any of hla chil-
dren, to auch aa legally repreaent bim. In caae of no Isaue
the whole eatate, real and peraonal. goea to the widow; It
laaue and no widow, to the laaue; If no widow or laaue. to
hla father; If no widow, laaue or father, to hla mother
brothera, and alatera In equal »' are^; If no widow, laaue
father, brothera, or alatera, to hla mother; If no widow"
laaue, father, or mother, to hla brothera and alatera In equal
aharea; or If any of hla brothera or alatera be dead, their
children take the parenfa abare. All theae falling, to hla
next of kin; but In no case are repreaentatlvea admitted
among collaterala after brothera' or alatera' children.
In New Bronawick — Real eatate, aubject to widow'a
dower, la divided equally among the children of the Intea.
tate, then to the next of kin and their repreaentatlvea
Peraonal property la divided aa follows: One-third goes to
the widow of the Intestate, and the residue In equal por-
tions to the children, or. It dead, to their lineal descend-
ants; If there be no children or legal representatives sub-
sisting, the widow then takes one-half, and the other half
goea to the next of kin In equal degree; and If there be
neither widow nor children, all to next of kin In equal
degree, and their repreaentatlvea.
3(M
BE81KNT AND DISTRIBUTION OF EKTATE8
I" Nov, Scoil..— When a perion din IntMtato, anr re*!
«la.. to which he n..y b. entitled at the time of hi. death
!»?."'"„;;■ ""'7'- '■ '" """' •■""■ «■" Children ."S
l«ue Of decoaaed children according to the rl«ht of rep-
re^ntallon If no child living, to hi. other lineal de.cend-
ant. who .hall .hare equally. If In .amo degree, otherwlw
mcording to the right of r.pr...ntatlon. 2 If no iMuT
on»-half to father, one-half to widow In lieu of dower- If
on" IT: "";7'«"<' "> '""«■•• S- « no l..ue nor fathe
one-halt to widow, other half In equal .hare, to mother
brohor. and .Ltera. and the children of any dece.aed
brother or .l.ter by right of repre.entatlon. 4. If none of
foregoing. In equal .hare, to hi. next of kin In equal
degree, excepting where two or more collateral kindred In
equal degree but claiming through different ancestor.,
tho.e claiming through neare.t anco.tor .hall be preferred
but n 110 ca.e .hall repre.entatlve. be admitted among
collateral, after brother', and .l.ter'. children. 6. If p,r,on
deceaaed, unmarried and under age. e.tate Inherited from
enu„''llv''^r''",' *"' T ""'""" °' '™'' ■'"•'"' ""-i '"■"«
equally. If of same degree. otherwLe according to right of
repreaentatlon; If no children of .ame purent. to an the
..ue of the other children of the .ame parent equally if
In the .ame degree, otherwise according to right of repre-
u,r.Tr. ??,T "' *'"■'"'' ™™P'"«<i by civil law and
kindred of half blood Inherit equally with tho.e of whole
blood in same degree. Personal property descends In the
same way except that after the payment of debts, funeral
expenses, etc.. one-third goes to the widow. If any The
widow Is allowed all her paraphernalia, wearing apparel
hu^sba'nd ™ '" '""'"'• "" """'" '"'" '"" ■"'«'' "'
In Ontario.— The real and personal property of an IntM-
tato or the undisposed of real and personal property of a
testator (subject as to realty to dower), after tl f. payment
of h s debts. I. distributed as follows: If the Intestate die
leaving widow rnd child or children, one-third to widow
rest to child or children. If children dead, then to their
representatives (that Is. their lineal descendants), except
such child or children (not heirs at law) who had estate
by settlement of Intestate or were advanced by him In his
n .305
DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION OP ESTATES
llte-tlme equal to the other sbarei. If the Intestate leaves
a wife only, half goes to the wife, rest to next of kin In
equal degree to Intestate op their legal representatives, or.
If no next of kin, to the crown. If the Intestate leaves no
wife or children, all goes to the next of kin and to their
legal representatives. The property of a married woman,
who dies Intestate, is distributed In a similar manner to
that of a husband dying Intestate. Representation among
collaterals Is allowable only as far as children of brothers
or sisters of the intestate. Real and pe^^'sonal property of
every Intestate dying after the 1st of July, 1895, leaving a
widow but no issue, shall in all cases wheri^ . he net value of
such real and personal estate shall not exceed $1,000,
belong to his widow absolutely and exclusively. Where i ue
net value exceeds $1,000, the widow shall be entitled to
that amount after payment of debts, funeral, testamentary
and administration expenses. These provisions are In addl.
tlon to and without prejudice to the widow's right to share
in tiie residue of the real and personal estate.
In Quebec. — When the deceased has left no will, the
descent of property Is regulated by the following rules:
Children or their descendants succeed to their ascendants
without distinction of sex or primogeniture and whether
they are the Issue of the same or different marriages. If
there are no descendants, then the parents get half the
estate, and the remainder goes to the brothers and sisters
and nephews and nieces of the first degree. If there be no
brothers and sisters and nephews and nieces In the first
degree, then the parents divide the estate equally between
them, to the exclusion of all other ascendants; and if there
be likewise no parents, then the succession Is divided
equally between the nearest ascendants of the paternal line
and the nearest ascetldants of the maternal line. If the
parents have previously died, the brothers and sisters and
nephews and nieces in the first degree exclude the oth«r
ascendants and collaterals. The division is made equally
among them If they be all born of the same marriage, but.
If not, an equal division Is made between the two lines of
the deceased, paternal and maternal, those of the whole
blood sharing In each line, and those uf the half blood
•haring each In his own line only. If there be brothers and
306
DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ESTATES
sisters, nephews and nieces, on one side only, they exclude
all the relatives o( the other line. If the deceased have left
no issue nor father nor mother, nor brothers nor sisters
nor nephews nor nieces, In the flrst degree, and only ascend-
ants In one line, the nearest ascendant takes one-halt of
the succession, and the nearest collateral relation on the
other s,de gets the other half. If there be no ascendant,
the nearest collateral relation of the paternal line gets
line. Relations beyond the twelfth degree do not Inherit
and. in that case, the succession belongs to the surviving
consort. In default of a surviving consort, ft falls to the
«I-.*I.MM AGAINST ESTATES OP DECEASED l-EBSOXS.
In Brl(l,h Columbia.— All claims should be sent In to the
executor or administrator within one year after granting
of probate or administration. Judgment debts have priority
over ordinary debts. = p.ioniy
In Manltolw.— Executors and administrators may pay any
claims on such evidence as they may deem sufficient It is
^ffldavi't" """""' '" •='"""" "> •"> »<="' l". verified by
In New Brunswick.— In administering estates no distinc-
tion exists between judgment debts and other debts- ail
rank alike.
In Newfoundland — Executors and administrators are re-
quired to advertise for claims against the estate, duly at-
tested, to be filed within such time as shall be fixed by the
court, or one of the Judges thereof.
In Nova Scotia.— Executors or administrators are re-
quired to advertise in the offlclal Gazette, for all persons
having claims against the estate to Hie the same within one
year from the date of the advertisement, duly attested before
the Judge or Kegistrar of Probate for the county or Justice
of the I'eaco.
In Ontario.- Claims are enforced by action against the
executor or administrator, who is appointed by or receives
Ills letters probate or letters of administration from the
307
lit
I. J
DESCENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF ESTATES
Surrogate Court of each county. No distinction ezlsta be-
tween Judgment debts and other debts; all are paid pari
passu. Wage-earners are entitled to three months' wages
In priority to other creditors.
In Quebec. — If there be no testamentary executor, and
none has been appointed by the Judge, the execution of the
will devolves entirely upon the heir or the legatees who
receive the succession, and claims against the estate should
accordingly be made against them. Any service upon the
heirs of a person deceased within the previous six months,
may be made upon them collectively, without mentioning
their names or residences, at the former domicile of the
deceased.
THE SrcCESSIOX DUTY ACTS
Saskatelienua, ItO*
^o,!^***,;^^* ^°** 1*" apply, as respects payment of duty to anv
estate the value of which (after the allowance. aathorlied)do^!^
not exceed »5.000. nor In respect of property paaalnKbvwni
Nr intestacy or otherwise, to or for the use of the father
rn^S'L^S";?'.".,^' .,""'"• ?"""■ S^ndchlld. daUKhter-ta-law „;
r,^?or^ ?J1 °.."'° .''"'""'■'I or to any person or persons adopted
beiore the age of twelve where the saareKate value of th*
property of the deceased does not exceed »26:ooo °°
,1 ,™, II .?"!'" =' any person who at the time of' his death was
I .imlclled In Saskalchewan, or who being domiciled elsewherS
Zi duty."^ """""' '" Sa-kalchewan. if subject to a sTcc™!
Where the aggregate value exceeds $26 000 hut dopn nnt
5ifor?„«!'K°°d„?rifi?,''peV^c?nT«^v^£nhV"SA'^^
value Is over 1200,000 the duty la Ave per"eSt aggregate
TXB AKBBBTA ACT Is
as the Saskatchewan Act.
for all practical purposes the same
PrlDoe Edward Island, 18*4
aft7r''Davmen''t°Sf Tn'flKPj'' 'S ""' "''"» "■» »»'>'• »' which
airer payment of all debts and expenses does not exceed 12 000
nor to property given for rellBlou,, charitable or cducatlnn.i
purposes within the province, nor to p'operty glveS to Mood
l1o"5no"" wK^™ .'h' ^V"" °.' i"' P™r>orty dol. Sot e?J«d
JJJeerts «lJ5nn 1, .t, )\"1^° '"L,""' '"■»P"ty Klven to relations
ifSn n? .h.'J.il,,.' 'tel' '"^."uMect to a duly of 11.60 for every
Ji.lih.^^; *'!"'; Where It exceeds $60,000 the whole propertv
wSl' °.k"'"'^*'=' '; " iluty^of »2.60 for every 1100 of the value.
?l?n nf'^h property exceeds 13.000 the duty Is 12.60 for every
lino of the value. And where the property Is given to anv
stranger of the blood of the decea.eif ,Sd exceed! «3 000 thSJ
the duty Is 17.60 for every IIOO of the value. f^.""" men
808
PART IX
Facts, Legal Pointers, Building
Associations, Pensions, etc.
HON. S. H. BLAKE
Dean of the OntnHo Har
UB» Of th« niMt BiKCBuful kwyan in Canada
FACTS ANU FIUUKES FOR BUSIXLsa MEN.
FACTS AND FIGURES FOR
BUSINESS MEN
BOW TO BECOME WXALTBT
ker"n.tr'"*MT' ''""''"■'• '•■'»»PW"«''theway to mar-
It i.Lt^^' '" "" '""" «<"*'-i"'lu>,try and frugality
Jt i. not what a man earn,, but what he save, that mak^l.lm
Prom the following table it appears that if a pen«>n saves ■>}
the total will, ™mp.,„„,l interest, will amount to Si 800 an.fa
Have all you can in a prudent an,l systematic manner for a time
^lyTl-sr^l'"' T ^"'^ ''^ -"^'"^ '■--'=''"• -^
any by aMislmR those in need, and helping in a good cause.
A Table of Daily tavinj. at Compound Interest
cents per Day. per VfnT i- t x.
2( J ,„ • '" T^™ Y.-ar,. Flfiy Yean.
,fi :::::::;:: 20::: » ;2!J »2.mo
J', 40. : ?S2 MOO
SI' 100,., .lis; 11.000
, f5 200.. i-SS^ 29.000
{•;? 40O s-SSS .W.OOO
'■" too... .'aS IlCi.000
CANADIAN RAILWAYS
The munber of miles of ..team vailwavs in Cana,!,, ;„ „-,8
and m l.,12 to L-. ■-, or (i„ol„din, all tracks and .:i,I„;;:J;
Ontario leads i„ milraffC with 8,734; Quehoo ha, 3 SSI-
Saskatchewan, 3,734; Manitoba. 3..'i;m; All orta 1 W17- IVit'
sKolumhta, 1,8.04; Ne„ Br„„„„i,.|,. 1,.3-I3; Nova i™ ia
],J37; Pnnoe E.lwarJ Island, ai'l; Y„k,„;. l,e. "''"'
to ^'iSsS!?^"""'*'' *" f'"""'"°" ^'™'>' ■-'-y» —is
The number of men employed, 141 iwo
Total earnings. ii'2W,4l):i.7,52.7!)
Total operating expenses, $l.-i0.720 j.li) 87
Government Kailways.-Cana.la has i.48.1 mil., „f Oov-
ernment ,.a,hva.vs. the total cost of which on Ma"! , ll"t "^V
^tm^T\^^S:r "' """^""^^'^ .-.1.1 in- ^1 ^
U, 3,416A)3; freight, 4,536,599 tons.
311
11
i !
FACTS AND FIOLHES FOB BUSINESS MEN.
The Stran Wonden of tka Modern World.
Nearly one tliousand scientists, icpresentinj; every Euro-
pean, Canadian, and Anieriran scliool of advanced tliought,
were recently rciuested to participate by ballot in the selec-
tion of the seven irreatcst wonders of llie modern world.
Tlie following list represents the consensus of opinion of
the entire votinj;:
1. Wireless Telegraphy.
-. The Telephone.
•^. The Aeroplane.
4. Radium.
■^. Antiseptics and Antitoxins.
<■'. Hpecfruni Analysis.
7. XRays.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
1. Pyramids of Egypt.
-. Pharos of Alexandria.
.1. Hanging Gardens of Babylon.
4. Temple of Diana at Kphesus.
•'>. Statue of Jupiter by Phidens.
6. Mausoleum of Artemisia.
7. Colossus of Hhodes.
BaUries of Oovemment Officers of the Principal Oonntrlee
of the World.
A comparison of the salaries of the principal executive and
legislative officers of the United States Government with
those of similar officers in other countries shows the former
to be relatively small. The following tables of salaries paid
by the different Governments are compiled from th« latest
authentic sources:
United States.
^'T'.. "»■<«»
VIee-PresWent 12 OOO
Speaker of Houae of Representatives u'ooo
Cabinet Ofllcers . . 12,000
SflnatoFH 7 5QQ
Represeatatlvea "_ ' 7|jjqo
Besides their salaries the members of Congress receive 20
cents per mile for traveling to and from the seat of Govern-
ment.
FACTS AND FIGURES FOB BUSINESS ^EN.
Fnncb Republic.
President »240,000
Speaker of ChambiT of Deputies 14.')00
Cabinet OfllperH li'.OOO
MemberB ot Spnate 1,800
Members of Chamber of Derutles.. 1.800
Rnuia.
*^'=^'^ »12.000.000
MiflHter of Poiflign Affalrn 1B.288
0«nnany.
Emperor $3,8B2,770
MInlMter ,.l Fjmlgn Affairs 23.000
Othpr Cabiiict omcerH 6,000
Members of the Reichstag (Parliament) receive 15 marks
(=$3.) a day for such time a» they are in seasion.
Oreat Britain.
King an4 Queen $2,850,000
Prime MlnUter 50.000
Principal Cabinet OBlcera 25,000
Other Cabinet OfBcere 10.000
The members of Parliament receive no compensation, but
in many cases they are supported by their conslituents.
Italy.
King I2.858.000
Prime Minister 22.000
Other Cabinet Officers 15,000
The members of Parliament receive no pompensation, but
have many perquisites, including free transportatiun on rail-
roads, street cars, etc.
Canada.
Oovernor General VAOOO
**"'"'" 12^000
Other Cabinet Offlcers 7_ooo
MemberB of Parliament aiaoo
313
. 3|
'! il
FACTS AXD FIHUHES FOB BUSINESS MIK
Aoftrallui Colonies.
PPloie HinlBtfiFH
Other Cabln«'t Ofn.er«.
U«mberH of Parllam-'i
•B.IOO
. 8,000
■ l.SOO
Argenttne BepuUlc.
Preildcnt
vi™-p„,w„, ...■:;;:;,.;;:; 'f^""
cbiM om,.er. :: Jl'™
Member, of Both IIou».. „t Con,™^. [ ['. l.'.; ij'ooo
PEODUOTIVE WEALTH Or OANATA
Approximate yahie pio<lnce,l onnimllv by Canmla'a nrin.i
pal natural .„o„rees an.l by man„fac^„rUT'^rf „7owa:
e™t .no'n^^Tfl'r-' ^°r,"f /;-'"'""''• *"«i.o»3!o(!o »: -
erais, »1U.),4J2,43»; flshones. .f34,fifir,S72. Value n<Ii1i.,I L ,.„
^"^"'V"' ^"1" *'"""°"^'> "> *14bo,M5,03() ""
nrtiertM.--('anada baa the most extensive and best stocked
commercial flshinsr waters in the world. Tbe flshei^ a,™
coast and J20,000 square miles of fresh water. Value of
flsher.v production for year 1911-12 was *:i4,007^o82 ""^ "'
m„~* 1^' ^^^ "* •^"""•l" "••«' >»»« e.vtensive and
flst^'r;^^:rLr:er -^ -•'■-«^^ "- 1.:;
p "rt-^-rruntrd'To ,.t ^roa^r- "--'"'-'^
f.S"',f "* l""^ Provinces in manufacturinfr, with 8,001 e».
^ck iTsS 'fi^rTtf r'/f 'i '"'™ ^"""'' l''«" New Bruns"
L^'m fv^i"'' ^"'•'n''"''. 051; Prince Edward Island
^ lo^tZ °^''' f ' ^"''•■■'»' 290; "nd Saskatchewan, 1?3 '
Montreal leads Canadian cities in manufacturing with
.■n'"o ^Ir'Tor™; ^^'"'f' "■"'^'^ in..rease"of"?fl"°p?; le'l
234"ner cent il 'o . P'"",""","' '«^>''-l»«-9«; increase of
-J4 per cent in 20 years; Hamilton production, *ft5,]25.000-
9M00n 'o'^k''""""";' »2.BiM.00O; Ottawa productiin, S
»54,000; Quebec production, $17,149,000.
314
1'B.1CTI(AI. LAW AND Dl'SIVESS POINTHIS.
PRACTICAL LAW AND BUSINESS
POINTERS
t'OBiBltllg liwyer^In minor matters It la hotter to loia
your money than to rush Into litigation, but In matteri of
any Importance never act without the advice of good coun-
sel. You would not think of trying to ampuute your little
linger without a surgeon's help. Much less should you run
the risk of losing thousands of dollars through error which
might be corrected by a little timely advice.
Bank Cheeks.— The acceptance of a bank check by a
creditor Is not an absolute but only presumptive or circum-
stantial evidence of payment of the drawer's debt.
A drawer of a bank check may stop payment of It before It
Is presented.
Distrain (or Reat— Rent may be distrained for the next
day after It Is due. provided that demand for payment Is flrst
made, and the rent distralnable.
Seljure may not be made before the rent Is due even though
the tenant may be Intending to move out, nor may selaure
be made In any of the Provinces before sunrise, nor after
sunset, nor on Sunday, nor on a legal holiday, except by
order of the court.
Where the household goods belong to the wife, and the hus-
band rents the house, the goods are liable for the rent as
long as they remain on the premises, but they could be moved
out before the lease expires, If there was no rent due at
the time.
In Quebec, a 8ub-tenant'« goods are liable. If the lease pro-
hibits sub-letting.
ExemptioDs.— In all the Provinces, a reasonable amount of
property Is exempt from seizure under execution, or distress
for arrears of Interest on mortgage, and In some Provinces
from a landlord's distress warrant.
In the articles exempted debtor Is entitled to make choice
of which articles he wishes to retain.
In case the debtor died, or absconded, the family or widow
are entitled to the same exemption from seizure, as the debtor,
himself, would have been.
Wrongful Levy of Execution.— For wrongful levy on pro-
perty, when an officer, under an execution, seizes the goods
WACTICAL LAW AND BUHINESB POINTEKM
"f «oiiif tilliiT iwnmii elinii ll.c lU'ruiiiluiil in tlio cxoniti. i,
Ihu owiiiT iiin.v iimiiitaiii uii ut-ti ninl trenpaaii in the u»ual
reine.ly of llie uwhit; but Inivi'i- njay Iw maintained in miny
caMB and in aume cases replevin will lie.
HtlSBANO AKD WITB
lUbOUj of Hubud for Ooodi 8cU to W«t.-When good,
necessary ami m.iUMc to the poniliiir, in life of a wife are
Bold to httr, ti.e jiiiy will W- jn.stiHcd in (indina a venliel,
a)[am«t the husbnid, if tin. hi!»baiid authorized her either
exprenKly or iui|,licdly (^. g. |,y ,wmiittin(! it as a common
praclu-c), or It the liusbaiid himself neslected or refn-vd to
furnisli her with such necessniies. This rule is subject to
exceptions.
Wife LlTiaj Apart from bar Hiiib»nd.-A husband is not
liable for necessaries furnished his wife when she lives sep-
arate from him under decree of court not requiring him to
maintain her, and in some coses where she lives apart by
agreement he is not liable.
Sopuato Maiiit«nanc«.-Wheie the wife leaves her hna-
band without sufficient cause, she will not be entitled to a
decree for a separate maintenance.
When sh" leaves him with his consent and on account of
his ill treatment, he is liable for the expense of ii separati
maintenance.
WOHTS AND OBUOATIONS OP
FABENTS AND OHILSSEN
In ancient domestic life the father ruled as absolute mon-
arch over the family. So it is still in oriental countries.
Christian civilization has greatly modified this and laws have
been enacted that set forth the relation of parent and child,
defining the duties and obligations of each.
316
rBAOTIUAI. UIW ANB Bt'SIXKHS TOINTEIM.
RIGHTS or PABEXT8
1. Ai long Ri a chilli la under axo and living at home he
la subject to the control of his parents, who have all rpanun-
able authority to enforce obedience. As long as a rlilld Ih
properly treated by the parenta no one haa a right to InliT-
fero nor to take away and retain a child against thilr »l«he».
2. tdoptlig a rhIM.— \Vhen a child Is adopted by nnothor
family Hh parents lose their claim upon It and the aduptliig
persons take their place. A child cannot generally npeaklng
bo adopted without the consent of Its parenta.
A child over fourteen must hiniaelf In aome Provlncea con-
sent to the adoption. The court has In all cases the right to
consent to or refuse the adoption.
Application must, therefore, be made at the court and tho
Judge will consider and pass upon It.
3. Fgalshmnt.— Parents have a right to punlah their minor
children, providing they are not guilty of cruelty nrutallty
Is severely piiniahed by law as a crime. The punishment
must be reasonable, leaving no bruises nor injuring the health
of the child.
4. riilns niion Earntafa.— While the child Is a minor and
living at home parents have a right to all his earnlnga
They cannot claim them of bis employer If the child mode
the agreement. Parents, however, may free the rhild and
allow him to collect and use his own wages. When this is
done the parents cannot thereafter collect the child's wages.
r.. X Rnuwaj CblM.— A child has no right to leave hoirio
will ,it permission of the parents; If he la under H In boys,
anil 16 In girls, he can be brought back by force. Relations
or others who would keep him can be forced by law to give
him up unless It can be shown that It would be for the best
Interest of tho child to allow him to remain with others.
OBLIGATIOXS OF P.UEXT9
Obligation to aupport— The law requires that parents
shall support their minor children. A child having property
.117
I
PRACTICAl. lAW AND BVglMISg POINTIKg
hL'"'Thr ''°" ""' "''"• "•• P»"nti from .uppor(ln«
miT.i„J , "^ "• "'"'""■■ "J' "PPlylni to the court7t.° D "r
the child', property for hi. lupport. BeTond »hl. .h
Ty "ThirehL'urd T" " """' ■"" "• chnd'.'-pr'o"-
Parrnta are liable for neceultlea purehaied bv a mlnn.
llv „K at home unle.. „o,|ce to the eoStr.ry h.. »Ln ^^len
CHILDRBN'M RII]HT8 AND OBLIOATIONfl
^A "'!"'', ™" '"'" property, over which the parenta have
same fL'r ,h"'"" "" "" "' "■« '"'»■»• »■• PrlKl of ih°
same for the .upport of the child, aa at.ted abov"
ILM." """'' """""•• « premeditated crime, he I. perK)nall»
r J rx%"m".r Jh'„"^^,-^rp?rei;^ £™
£^^=sji;e?iC-oi';^;^^r»2i
conS^ctL with fi. ^tl,/"" ^"■■n'tted during and In
luiiueciion witB the child's emp oyment The law th.t
Minora aupportlng themselrea and not llrtna •> 1.^™.
may sue and recover for wage, earned by thSm Wage!
of^mlnor. may be garnl.heed for payment of necelr".
FENCE LAWS
*be™Tcated""'Ther»"*'""°^.';'' ■"""'" <" "■« P'»"-=»
appnca{,u"o''them''re„e''r;i;"'"'" '"*■• "''"«"'• ">«' "«
Banagen-As a general rule all premises should be pro-
perly Inclosed before damages can he recovered from "the
owner of trespassing domestic animals for Injury thereto, but
any trespass on the lands of another Is actionable
P»rUU«». or BItl,l«D F«ee,.-The owner, of adjacent
318
1
r
PHACTICAl, LAW AND BUHINEHC HOINTEMK
irwia ol land, In moM of th. Prorlnci, tro botmd lo .rnt ud
."'«:!" .°r "' ■" • •-"••"• ••"" ■"""« "•• '- -p.-
hij, own nock /rora trnpuilng npon the land, ol 1,1, „,igh.
^I'^.'^'i""^ '" """• °' "■• P^'lncei, are provlde.1 f.,, br
RaUrowta are re,nl,M byitatabiln many Provinwi to fenoa
-lock kil «l h.v n.„s<,„ of „on-co„„,li„„„, „.i,|, ,1,0 .r.,,,1,.
Barb-wire !,;ms ,l,o„l,l be «« u»o,l and ,.„re,l f„r „, „„! ,„
eMdan.>.r pc™,„„ and proper.,-, and ,l,o „»» ot .,„.|, ?e, ,.o
rr".:,>"da;r;7"" '"*' ''™ --^ ™"™-">- -'■■'"«''"™-
h,''r,!l,':?i'!:'" .',"""■'. ''•'■'^"■''■'' '''"™'' """* ""' •''"■ ->"'•=""-«
m n,n„ n„ .l,n.- trams, not only to avoid killing- »l ok h„l
riuroad aL" """"" "■" o*"" »' l»nd 'through vh ch,, a
"adto .raf " co"„,y road, who torn, hi, hor.e on tho a ,'
line of ,t» nght ol way, i, not thereby guiltv of mici cn.rib,,-
^.7 nj^i,ae„ce a, will preclude hi, ri«ht of reooverv f„ i j , ",
to I . horse from ,t, contact with the fence, thr.„„h IriBht ZTd
by the running of a train over the companv's track
31 S
ii '.»
i
PBACTIOAL LAW AND BUBINESB ^INTiaW
TEBSPASSWO AND MISCHIEVOUS ANIMALS
Owner, of ,l„m<,»tip animals, mvh a« cows, ho,-8es, sheen
hoKs, poultry „„,1 doRs, „,u„t „„t ,«,™it them to stray ,Z'
'lamr;™"" "' """"' " "'"' "■'" ""^ ''■"■'» "> '-Pa»" f.'r
No Eight to Kill or InJ«r,.-B„t thoae „po„ whose prem-
os sneh annnals trespass are not jnstiBed in k.Uing or i„-
1. n,« ,l,e ammals, „o .Matter how UKj-ravatiMB or re,«ate,l
in, .V /■'"""' T"*' ■"'• ""''■'" "" """""' killed is at the
of liie l.me;."*' "" '■ °"'"'"' ""'' '' ""'"'^ '" »»'» "" 'ifo
nu,' h.Me their re.ne.iy „, an aetion at law for .iamages and
there are statutes providing; for the taking np „f sueh ani
!""'» ""'^ ''"I >-' 'I'on. at the expense of their ^ iner „ r
miponndmg them as estrays.
Ri,hll.Dn« Off C.tU..-A person finding eattle wrongfully
up,.n Ins land h.as the right to drive then, „£f by any of the oI^N
nary means winch a prudent man would resort to, and may use
hS. [.',,'""■'""''• T'"" "'"" " «"".e<l.ing in the »i.e or
ha s of the dog, or ,n the n.odeof setting him on, or pursuing,
nhid, would negative the idea of ordinary care and prudence.
The Right t. Di.tr.in animals doing damage to one's property
>■■ n-coKHzed at eommon law and by statute. The person dis-
training Is authorized to detain the animal i„ piejge for the
payment ot his damages. The owner of the prlper'y InjurM
by the animal Is bound to exercise ordinary care to privent
the damage, and the animal must be taken while on the land
tTe'TLd :rT, '' '"•''■ *■" " " "'=^-- - is driven 0^
Itralne. M .""f ^'"'"""'^ <"""« """■age. It cannot bo
distrained. Most of the Provinces provide for a summary
tZ::^ :' 'l: '""""^' """^ '*• "«= '"'"»-"■« anlma7a„d
their sale for the layment of the assessed damages.
MischievoM Animals -The owner of a mischievous ani-
"..e may just.fy the killin, of a ferocious animal at Jar^.
320
rSACTICAl, LAW A.VI. BUSINESS TOI NTKRS.
J ™Zr °' r*' "" """"" ■""" "' """'^"''' '■>' maintaining
a common nufsance.
It a person enters the barn or pasture or another, and Is
injured by a vicious horse or bull. It nu,«t be shown hat the
?orT„ "",'.'"' rr"""'" """"^ '" ""> -™ "' hi' -in,":
for the safety of his employees and neighbors.
If a person enter, the land of another, and Is Injured he
must show good eause for entering upon said land, and also
prove ordinary caution, In going where cattle and horses
BESP0IV8IBILITT OF OWNING A DOG
A person has a right to keep a dog to guard his „rrml.,e,
but not to put him unconflned at the entrance of his h»us,.
because a person coming there on a social or buslnoss errand
may be Injured by him. But If the dog Is chained, and a
visitor incautiously goes so near him that he la bitten he
has no right of action against the owner.
liable for n.ni,ge.-Owners of dogs must keep them f,„ „
straying upon the public highway, or they will be re.sponslldo
for any damage caused by their annoyance of travellers .scar-
ing of children, barking after teams, etc.
If a dog strays upon the premises and kills or Injures any
other domestic animal. Its owner Is liable for damages.
D»B)reroii» Don running at large may lawfully be kni,-,i
when their ferocity Is known to their owner, or In ,nlf-
detencc; and a rabid dog may be lawfully killed by anyone
nut a person Is not justified In killing a dog merely because
It barks around his house at night.
The owner of a vicious dog will not, as a general rule, be
liable for the dog's biting a person unless it can be shown
that the dog had previously exhibited a propensity to violence
and that the owner was acquainted with this prope„.sity.
This Is the common law, but statutes have been pas.sed making
the owner or keeper of a dog liable In certain ease.s for any
damage done by It whether the owner or keeper knew that it
was vicious or not
321
:l ft'
FUACTIOAL LAW AMD BU8IKK88 rOIHT£Ba
BXZAOH OF TBUST
Breach of trust is IIr' wiill'ul misnpiiropriation of persoiml
property by one who has been intrusteil with its |)ossi>ssiiiM
in cniititiencc.
At Distlnguiahed from Thrft.— The cases where personal
propert- ia talien hy a person to whom it has been intrusted,
and who converts it to his own use, present very nice dis-
criminations of mere breaclu's of trust from theft.
If a person has property in gisiils, and a right to thti iws-
session of them, he cannot, in general, commit the crime of
theft in taking them.
The courts generally lean toward construing the offense to
be theft, and not merely a breach of trust, where the party
gains possession by some false pretense, with the original
intent to steal.
A oailee who fraudently converts the property intrusted
to him to his own use is guilty not simply of a breach of
trust, which ia only a trespass, but of theft, which is a crime.
LEOAL aUTS
Doiilutioii.--A Rift is the voluntary and gratuitous transfer
or conveyance of the right and possession of proirerty by
one person to another.
Names of Parties.— The dver of the property is called the
donor, the receiver the donee.
Who May Uako a Gift.— Any person competent to Iransnct
ordinary business may give whatever he owns to any other
person.
Delivery to tlie donee is essential to a gift, and there must
also be actual acceptance. It must be an actual delivci-y, ho
far as the subject is capable of delivery. If the tliiug be not
capable of actual delivery, there must be some nit eijuivalciit
to it; something snllicicnt to work an immediate change in
the control of the property. In the absence of proof to tlie
contrary the law presunu's acceptance when the gift is mani-
festly for the !)eneHt of the iloimr.
Looked Upon with Suspicion.-Thc law generally l,,oks with
some degree of suspicion upon gifts, and tliey arc usually
322
PRACTICAL LAW ANIl BUSIXES3 1>01NTER9
cmsidpicd Id be frnudulciit if creditiiis or ollier-i Lccotiie
sufferers tlu'rt'hy.
Ketractinj.- Whore u (lilt liaa been e.xeeuled by Jeli\eiy
of iio«ses»ion, il is not i„ ||,e donor's power t<i retract if
lint so Ions; iis tlie sift bus not been eom|ilete,l by deliveiv
ol possessnin, it is not properly a (;ift. hut a contract, und
this a person cannot bo compellod to pcrfomi bat upon good
aii.l siillicicnt consideration,
A Oift Made in Proipect of Death may lie revoked by tlic
''" ■ •" ""y li""" 'lurinj; liis life, lhon;,-h it bo eompleteil
aiul cvcculed by delivery and ncce|)lancc.
A Oift may be Annulled by Ibc crcdilms ul ibe donor, if
be was insolvent at the time of the gilt and it diminished the
creditor's fund.
FINDER OP LOST PROPEHTY
Tlie general law on this snliji ft is, llnil llie lindor of money
or iroods if be takes iwssession of the pinperly, is to use
all tluo means to discover the rishtfrd nwiu^r; and if he an-
pi-opriate the art'-los to bis own use knowing- the risbll'id
owner, or bavinp: the moans of Hndiiis; iiim. ho is held "'uilty
o( thelt. Failing to find the righttnl owner, alter taking
due nnans to do so, the finder of the lost articles is entitled
to regard tbcni as bis own property, gimie Provinces prescribe
by slatule Iho means to be takiTi by llndcrs to advertise tho
property.
RULES OOVEBNINO THE FINDING OF
LOST PROPERTY
1. The lindor of lost property is llie owner of it against all
the world but the ori<.'innl owner. Thus. i| is lu'ld lljat a
sirauser who finds lost money in a shoji may retain it as
ai;aiiisl Ihe shop owner; but Ibe conlraiy has also been hehl,
et least where the money or a purse was left on tlie counter.
Honey Lef< on a Deak in a bank, provided for (he use nf
its deposit. ,s, is not lost so as to entitle the finder to the
s;iine, as afjninst tho bank.
An Aerolite which buries itself in the ground is regarded
as an accretion to the land, and bolonjjs to the owner of the
soil on which it falls.
'if
li
PBAOTICAL LAW AND BUSINKBS POlNTliaa
2. The finder is always at liberty to leave untouched what
he finds, and cannot be made accountable for any iujarv
thereafter hai)jiening to it. •> ■> J'
3. The Under may demand from the owner all his expenses
necessarily incurred in keeping and pieserving the property
and properly advertising and like charges for the owner's
benefit.
4. If a reward be legally offered, specific and certain or
capable of being made so by reference to a standard, the
finder complying with the terms of the advertisement be-
comes entitled to such reward, and may sue for it.
5. If the finder of lost goods, or goods which are reasonably
supposed by him to have been lost, appropriates them to his
own use, really believing when he takes them that the owner
cannot be found, it is not larceny; but if he takes them rea-
sonably believing that the owner can be found and thus ap-
propriates them it is larceny.
THE LAW or SUBSORIPTIONS
Subscription is the p'acing of a signature under a written or
printed agreement. By such an act a person contracts, in
writing, to pay a sum of money for a specific purpose: as a
subscription to a charitable institution, a subscription for a
book, etc.
SntaicripttOB Paper..-" The law on the subject of these
subscription papers," says Parsons, "and of all voluntary
promises of contribution, is substantially this: No such
promises are binding unless something is paid for them, or
unless some party for whose benefit they are made (and this
party may be one or more of the subscribers), at the reouest
egress or implied, of the promisor, and on the faith of the
subscription, incurs actual expense or loss, or enters into valid
contracts with other parties which will occasion expense or
loss. As the objection to these promises, or the doubt about
them, comes from the want of consideration, it may be re-
moved by a seal to each name, or by one seal which is de-
clared in the instrument to be the seal of each "
Book SnbscriptlonB.-A person subscribing for a book is
bound to take it when delivered by the agent, provided it
corresponds with the sample copy shown him when the sub-
seription was given. The agent or publisher may recover at
law the price of the honk should the subscriber refuse to take
It when presented to him.
324
PUACTICAI, LAW ASD BCSINiigs FOINIEBS
Hwspaper. and Other P«riodic.l.._Thc,e h no postal law
reffliln 111- liie tiiuisuclions between imblisliers mul «i,bs,.|ih
e.^. llio o,d.nmy „,le« of eontraet ,-ovei„. all ,„,:„'i„,^
bel>vce., llie |,,irt,e» coni-e.ned, ami llie puslullice has no „„rt
except to delive.- the article, or return it wlie,. ouleiXo
If tbe publisher of any paper or periodical sends his paper
or mnjruziMe, the [.oslninster niusl deliver it, if tlic pe,x'„ |o
whom ,t is sent will take it. If he will not take it, the ,«,sl-
niasler must notify the publisher.
If a pei-son subscribes for a periodical for a given iieriod
sn.v one jear, and the publisher sends it aeeordinslv. the sub-
senber cannot terminate the contract by stopping-' his paper
at any time durin- the year. But at the end of the vear llio
suhscnher may slop his paper even without payin- the snb-
«cnpl,„n due. He is under no lei-al obli^-atLf ,„ take "lie
paper another year. The fact that he has not paid for the
expired year's subscription does not bind him to conlhiue
year and the publisher can sue for and collect his year's sub-
scription only.
If at the end of the year the publisher continnes to send his
paper and the subscriber to reoeive it. the sending is the
offer of another year's snbscription at the sa prire. and
the i-eceivinff of the paper is an acceptance. The implied
contract from such action is a renewal of the subscription;
and the publisher can send the paper for the renewed term of
one year and collect the subscription |.rice for (hat vear as
well as the precedini.
If tlie publisher a.lvertises terms of subscription, all parties
takiiiK the paper nnder these conditions will he held accord-
mp to the conditions.
325
TSACHIXU WIVES AND CHILDREN BU8INBS8
WHEN >AME SHOn,D BE 8I6XED IS TVlh.
PerBOlii. should al«ay» BiRn thi'lr full name to deeds mort-
Kagos notes., and receipts; lor, although one fhrlBtlan Mme
only is recognized lu law, jet the writfng out In ful " ""s
middle nau.e. as well as the llrst name, tends to urevent the
name being mistaken for that of some other Individual having
.fo"j;!,"'Ll,"e^^Joner' "'"""'^■^- "■"""" -' """' ^ ^°-- -"«
HOW A XAUUED WOJIA> SHOILD SIGN HEB XAME
«l^^r^7\li,''"7^ ""J""." "'f " ■"•'■■ <""■ Christian name, In-
m,S? "'J^""' °' '■" "usband, to legal and business docu-
ments. For example, Mrs. Smith should sign Mary Ellen
Smith, Instead of Mrs. John Smith.
HOW SIGSTATrRE OF PEBSO.X WHO CASSOT WRITE
SWOl'LD HE JSIGXED
When a person who cannot write Is rciuircd to sign a docu-
ment, it should be dune by having him mate his mark The
signature should always bo witnessed. Example:
his
Henry X Yates.
mark
Witness: William Henson.
Impoitince o» Hailnir BnsinrsH rndertaklngs Wrtttei Down
and SlKDrd.
-No business understanding cir agreement of any moment
should be entered Into without Its being written down In black
and white and signed lu the presence of a witness You have
then some data to go upon, and lan right yourself In case
of necessity In a court o.* justice. .Veglect of this precaution
nas cost many a iju.slne.ss man a considerable amount of
money. Yon often hear the expres on "the man's word Is as
good as his bond," and the time ha, been when a verbal con-
tract between two persons was regarded as binding. But the
world has changed since then, and In order to be perfectly
snfe from loss or Injury one must deal with everybody so
far as business Is concerned, a.s though the matter would
have to be passed upon In court. As for friends— well busi-
ness Is business, and with them still greater precautions are
needful.
326
CKIMINAL LAW
THE POTEXY 01' CBKHIT
In credit modern flnauco Uvea, moves, and has Ita belug
It Is estimated that 90 per cent, of all basliicss tranaactloua
are done on credit, and the currency used In the majority
of cases composing the other ten pir cent. Is only credit In
another form. Some people talk ot credit lu, if it norn
merely the means by which one can buy and buy and imy
by and by. Dut It Is more than that. It In the medium
through which the representatives of ,iroperty or value may
bo exchanged.
The bank customer's note is In one sense only a .slip of
paper, but It represents all the property of the maker. Uond.-.
represent the property, cortlllcates of stock represent the
capital ot the company Khich Issues them, and bank deposits
stand for actual cash. Credit rests on eonlldence. which Is
simply a rellectlon ot the cvlstlng conditions. When con-
fidence prevails, credit expands easlly-that l.s, the repre-
sentatives ot property and cash are readily Interchanged.
When confidence Is shaken, credit contracts In i.roportlon to
the gravity of the cause, and interchanges become corre-
spondingly difficult
CRIMINAL LAW
The Criminal Law deals with the definition of crimes, with
the procedure for the trial of persons suspected or accused
ot crime, and with the punishment of criminal offences All
ollences against the law have been divided Into two classes
viz., •• mala l„ se •■ and " mah ^njhibila." Acts which are
essentially Illegal and acts which are ■' forbidden " bv stutute.
Acts which are moral crimes, and acts which would not bo
criminal If not prohibited. The words ■■ crime ■■ and " indict-
able offence " are synonymous. There was formerly a dis-
tinction between "felonies" and "misdemeanors," but that
distinction is now abolished.
The Criminal Law of Ensland is the basis of the criminal
law of the whole Dritish Empire, with certain exceptions.
The Scottish law Is founded uiion the Roman and the Soutli
:!27
CRIMINAI. LAW
African upon the Homan-Untch law. m Canada India An.
tralla^and New ...ala.,U .l.o Uul. „, .1,„ oHnUnal^w ta^ tZ.
O^^n'y^L?'^' °' '^'""""' '■ """"tantlally the BnglUh
Draft Code of 1880. It w.> flrst enacted by the Parliament of
Canada In 1892. since that date It ha. heen amended in .ome
ly ofTh '. "'"" "'"' ""'""" "' ■■'""-n-t. Dut the
body of the law as enacted In 1892 remains practically un-
changed. I. constitute the criminal I.w ior the whZ
Uommion of Canada. The Drltlsh Nort. .merlca Act say.
Parl'laten. n, P '!"..'«"""= '««"""''. authority of the
^ven the '„° ?■'"'"• '■'"' ■"•"''■"""' '"^-'otures are
Srhave r .^ "'"""""'' ™""'' "' "'"""»' Jurisdiction;
i^d tSe L . """■'" ■" ""' "^-n'-l't^tlon of justice
mcnt by line, penalty or Imprisonment for enforcing any law
legislatures. The "civil remedy" tor any act or omission Is
rlr."? ? """""' ^' "■"»"''" "■'' »''<^'' «" "■• o-l^lon
amounts to a criminal olfonce. A person who steals money or
property may be sued by the owner for the value of the thing
stolen, and may also be prosecuted for the theft. The con-
viction and punishment for the theft does not discharge the
thief from ',1, "civil nubility" to make good the loss which
anot^or l,a. sustained by reason of his crime. Where the
act or omission constitutes an offence punishable on "sum-
mary conviction," or by "Indictment," under two or more
acts, the offender may be prosecuted and punished under
'Ither of any such acts, but he shall not be liable to be pun-
ished twice tor the same offence.
The Code says that no person under the age of seven years
Khali be convicted of an offence, but a child between the age,
of seven and fourteen may he convicted If It can bo shown
that such child possessed sufflclcnt Intelligence to know the
nature and consequences of Its conduct.
A well known principle of law Is that " everyone I, pre-
sumed to know the law," and " Is.iorance of the law Is not an
eicuse ■ for any offence committed. It a person knowingly
.•!5S
f' t
CUIMIXAI. LAW
*». an ut which i. unlawful, be la preaumed to know that
the act wa> unlawful. HI. Ignorance of the law will not
excuae him. The courts are obliged to enforce thia doctrine
rigoroualy. because every criminal might escape punl.hment
If he were allowed to set up as a defence the fact that he was
Ignorant of the law. Although Ignorance of the law cannot
excuse any person, yet the court cannot help looking Into the
stale of mind of the party at the time ho committed the act
For Instance, If a j.arson takes what he believes to be bis own
property. It la Impossible to say that he waa Intentionally
guilty of theft.
All rules and principles of the common law which render
any cIrcumsUnces a •• Justlflcatlon " or excuse for any act
or a defence to any charge, still remain appllcable.-to thJ
same extent as before the passing of the Criminal Code
" Insanity " may be pleaded as a defence to a criminal pro-
secution. The Code says, "No person shall bo convicted of
an offence by reason of any act, done or omitted by him, when
labouring under natural Imbecility, or disease of the mind
to such an extent aa to render him Incapable of knowing
that such an act or omission was wrong. But " everyone Is
presumed to be sane at the time of doing or omitting to do
any act," until the contrary is shown.
Arrests.— Every person authorised to execute a lawful war-
rant Issued by any court or Justice of the peace Is Justlllcd
n executing such warrant. If the court had Jurisdiction the
Irregularity of the warrant or other process will not make
the act of the constable or officer executing It Illegal Even
where the court has no Jurisdiction the officer executing a
warrant or process of such court will be protected from
criminal liability if he acts In good faith belluvlng that he la
executing a valid process. If a constable by mistake arrests
the wrong person believing that he Is the person named In
the warrant, he will be protected from criminal rnsponslblllty
If he acted In good faith and on reasonable grounds A peace
ofBcer may arrest, v.lthout a warrant, any person who on
reasonable grounds be believes to have commlttPd an offence,
for which the ollencier may be arrested without a warrant.
Every peace officer Is Justified In arresting without warrant
any person whom he flnds committing an offence.
359
I<
1i
CRIUINAt UW
D™!!Ik!r"'°1r'^*"'°"' "■"»*'"")' •M.ult.d, net h.Tl»,
tore. If the force h. uie. I. not meant to c.u.e death or
Jrtevou. bodily harm, .nd I. n„ m„„ than I. „«.,." '',"
t^lert'oTord TT'""- '^' """■•"'• " * •'"k« B.Vh„
trie, to avoid further connict. bat A continue, the attack
injure, or kill. A In order to .avo l,|m,clf, D I. Ju.tlfled
vent .ulh . r* "° """■" ""^"' """ '■ ""'"'"y to pre-
vent .uch a..ault or the repetition of It. Everyone who I. In
^.XTeTir *■' '"^ ™^-''"' ""PertX '. ;:tl„ed n"
Tin reVkin. It? "^ ""l" '"■'"'"'' "^ ""^ " tre.pa..er."
bLiny h«m 1 .i "■""■ "•""■»»■" Provided he doe, no
bodily harm to the treBpa„cr. An "owner" I. nrotected
TCT^l -P«n..b.ll.y for "defending hi. p^Ve^loTot
any moveable property," even agaln.t a per,on claiming by
more fore, han i, nece..ary. Evcrone who I. in " peac"
111 r"""™ "' ""' ""'■"■'» *"•""" ".J-tiaed In u.l„e
-uch force „ may be „ece.,.ry to prevent he forcible break
wLo l^ln »» K, "°""" """" """'"«' '■•'«■'-• Everyone
Who I. In peaceable po8.es,lon of any hou.e or land I. W|!
330
CmUtNAI. LAW
No one hM the riiht to conaeiit to tbo InAlotlon of death
uiwn himself. Another genoral iirlnclple of law la that
everyone li protected from criminal re»i.onilblllty for any
act done by him In obedience to a law nuidc and enforced by
tho,e who for the time belnis are " de facto " In |>o..e»alon of
the SoverelKn power.
Everyon.. U guilty of an oBence who does any •• Indecent "
thing In any place to which the public have access; or who
does such act with the Intent of Insulting any other person
Everyone Is guilty of an Indictable offence who sfducis or
has 1111,1- connection with a girl of " previously chaste char-
acter" under the age of 111 years, but the burden of proof
of the i.rovloua unchastlty of the female Is upon the accused.
On an Indictment for the seduction of u virtuous unmarried
female. It was hold that the .luestlon whether she consented
and shared In the* Intercourse for the Brntlllcutlon ot her
lascivious prope;wltlo« «a» proper to be considered, as well
as the extent ,o which (he was Influenced by the acts or
Importunities „[ the accusfd. Where a person Is accused of
seduction an, sets up the "previous imchasllty" of the
female as a defence, the burden of proof Is upon the accused
and the female Is i-.ot required to prove that her conduct has
been n.evlously chaste. The law presumes that every woman
Is taasto until the ocr.trary Is shown, Just as the law pre-
Bun..-s everyone to be Innocent of crime until proven guilty.
A WOT. n who has been guilty of unchaste conduct may sub-
sequently become chaste In legal contemplation, and may be
aeduced a scond time. RoferrlnK to the section of the code
whlrh says, Everyone who seduces or has Illicit connection
with any ,"l!l of previously chaste character above the ace
of 14 years and under the aso of 16 years is guilty of an
Indictable c (fence," etc., It will bo observed that the mere
act of " Illicit connection with a previously chaste girl be-
tween the nges of 14 and 16 years." Is sufflclent In Itself to
constitute the offence without proving that the accused actu-
ally seduced the girl. Therefore the defence on such a charge
seems to be the production of proof that the plrl did not
possess a "previously chaste character." The word
" seduced " when It Is used with regard to the conduct of a
man towards a woman has a precise and definite signlflcatlon.
MCROCOTY KESOWTION TEST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART l>4o. 7)
1
1.0
1
II
I.I
la la 12.2
m 1
IIh
= 111=^
^ /IMPLIED INA4GE Inc
A
Sr 1653 Eosl
- 0300 - Phofw
- 5989 - ro»
.►I
■ i
iH
PUBUG ROADS
It Ig unlvers&lly understood to mean an Inducement of ber
on hifl part to surrender her chastity by means of some art,
Influence, promise, etc.
The offence consists In enticing the woman from the path
of virtue, and obtaining her consent to Illicit intercourse by
means of promises made at the time. This applies more
particularly to " seduction under promise of marriage." If
she resists, but finally assents or yields, Induced thereto by
or In reliance upon the promise made, the offence Is com-
mitted.
-No one ought to accuse himself except
Seir-Accnsatlon.-
before God.
Insane Pemons and others who are incapable of judging
between right and wrong are usually absolved from criminal
responsibility, though they may be liable civilly for damage
done by their wrongful acts.
LAWS GOVERNING PUBLIC ROADS
GENKRAL PRINCIPLBS
1. To prevent collisions, and to secure safety and con-
venience of travelers meeting and passing each other upon
the highway, a code of rules has been adopted which con-
Htltutes what Is called the law of the road. These rules,
originally established by custom, have, In many Instances,
been re-enacted and declared by statute, and are of general
and uniform observance In all parts of the Dominion. In
general, they apply to private ways, as well as public roads,
and, Indeed, extend to all places appropriated, either by
law or In fact, for the purposes of travel.
2. Public RoadN are those which are laid out
and supported by officers entrusted with that power.
Their care and control is regulated by the stat-
utes of the different Provinces, and In detail will
Ik
LAWS GOVERNINO PUBLIO ROADS
not be referred to here, as they «»n Ije easily looked up by those
who tiesire information ho entirely local.
3. Ownership.— Tlie soil and the land remain in the owner,
wlio may put the land to any use, and derive from it any profit,
not inconsistent with the rights of the public. If the road is at
any time discontinued, the land reverts back to the owner.
4. Liability.— The repair of highways is usually imposed upon
towns, and they are made liable by statute for all ilamaKes
against persons or estates, from injuries received or happening
in conseriuence of a neglect of duty on the part of the officers
hiiving the same in cliarge.
5. The Primary law of the road is that all persons using the
same must exercise due care to prevent collisions and accidents.
No one can cUim damages for an injury mainly caused by his
own negligence.
0. Persons traveling with carriages or vehicles of transporta-
tion, meeting on any public way, are required to turn their car-
riages or wagons to the right of the center of the road, so far as
to permit such carriages or wagons to pass without interruption.
Any unreasonable occupation of the public way, whether arising
out of a refusal to turn out and allow a more rajiid vehicle to
pass, or from an unjustifiable occupancy of such a part of the
road as to prevent others from passing, will render the party so
trespassing liable for damages to any sutTarin^ injuries thetd-
from. A loaded vehicle must turn out, antl allow tiiose to i>as8
who may reasonably and lawfully travel faster.
7. Riders are not governed by any Hy ' rules, but are
required to use reasonable prudence at all times to prevent
accidents. They need less room and can make quicker movo-
nients, and are, therefore, not under as well defined rules as
vehicles.
8. Pedestrians have a right to use tlie carriage-way as well as
the sidewalk, and drivers must exercise reasonable care to avoid
injuring them, but a foot passenger in crossing the street of a
city has no prior right of way over a passing vehicle; both are
hound to act with prudence to avoid an accident, and it is as
much the duty of the pedestrian to look out for passing vehitiles
as it is for the driver to see that he does not run over any one;
nor does the rule requiring vehicles to keep to the rigiit apply lo
Ciirriages and foot passengers, for, as regartls a foot passenger, a
carriage may go on either side.
338
lift
i
r.AWS OOVKItNINO PUBIJC RO.VDS
0. Runaways.— Tlie owner of a ruimwav horse or horses, if
negligent, or not exercising clue eare. is responsible lor till Jam ,
ages that, may occur. If a horse naturally iiuiet to rUe and drive
is frightened by a railroad triiin, steam thraslier or other causes
not under the control of the rider or driver, and does any damage,
or injures any person or persona, the owner is not responsible. If
horses are known to be vicious, or sustain a runaway reputation,
break loose or run away with their driver, or injure any jierson
or persona, the owner is responsible, unless it can be shown that
the horses were frightened by some obstacle which would natu-
rally frighten a gentle or ordinarily q-.iiet horse-
PETITION FOR LATINa OUT A ROAD
To the CommifiSioncrs of the Tnwn
lUinois,
of riiiinflelO. Countu of Will, State of
Your petitioners, of the tcwn of Plainflfli], would respectfully rpprespnt
that tht! public oonvenii^nce ami wanis rcqiiirt- that u nmil am) liisliwuy
Elioiihi b«s luiil out and constructed ItexinninK at the nurtheuat canwi of
George K. ftmitli's farm, in the town of Plaiiitield. and leadmg in a direct
line south to the town of Ixx;ki>ort.
Your petitioners would therefore ask that your honors would view the
Vreniises and locate and construct said road iind highway, accordiuK t(j the
lartM in such ciLses made aiid provided, a$ shown by the «tatuti's of the State.
Signatures. Signatures,
PETITION FOR OHANOINO A ROAD
To the Commissioners for llic Counly of
The undtTsiKned rf .siktI fully represent that the public road and highway
from the house of J. II. Nolan, in the town of (Jswego, paHsinij the house of
G. H. Faust, to the liou.s«' oi Charlt^s Peterson, in the town of Oswepo, h
indirect, ini-onvenient antl out of the way, wherefore, your petitioner* re(|ue»t
your honorable body to view the premises, straiRhten or new lorale such
road, and fii-siontimie such parts of the iinwnt hi^'hway as may he uselesfi,
or make such alterations or improvements as shall appear to j»Jiir honors
necessary
Siynatures. Signatures.
334
MOTOR VEHICLES
AS ACT BESFECTING XOTOB VEHIClEs.
3. Every person now owning or hereafter acquiring a motor
vehicle shall, for every such vehicle owned by Iiim, tile In the
office of the Municipal Commissioner a statement containing
his name and address with a brief description of the veliicle so
owned by him, including the name of the nmliur, factory
number, 8*,yle of vehicle and motor power, on a blank to bo
prepared by the said Municipal Commissioner for the pur-
pose. 7-8 Ed. 7, c. 34, s. 3.
4. The fee to be paid upon .the filing of such statement shall
be as follows: Nothing for motor vehicles owned or operated
by any municipality: two dollars for a motor cycle, and live
dollars for any other motor vehicle, to be reduced to two
dollars it tlie application is made *ctwcen the first day of
October and the first day of the following April.
(2) Upon the filing of such statement as aforesaid and pay-
ment of the proper fee, the said Municipal rommisaioner
shall register such motor vehicle in a t)ook or index to bo
Itept for that purpose, and assign to it a distinctive number.
1 Geo. 5, e. 28, s. 1.
B. The Municipal Commisifloncr shall forthwith issue and
deliver to the owner of such motor vehicle a rertineate of
registration, together with a seal of aluminum, or other
suitable metal, which shaW have impressed thereon the words
"ManUoba Licensed Motor," with the registration number
and year of issue inserted therein, which seal shall at all times
thereafter be conspicuously displayed on suc'i motor vehicle
by being rigidly affljied to the interior portion of the front
part thereof.
(2) The Municipal Commissioner shall also issue and de-
liver to the owner of such motor vehicle at the time of the
issue of the registration certificate as aforesaid two number
plates having thereon the registration number of such motor
vehicle, the abbreviated name of the Province and the year
of issue. Such number plates shall be of a distinctly dilferent
color or shade for each year, to be designated and selected
by the Municipal Commissioner, and there shall be at all
333
JIOTOK VfillCLES
times a marked contrast between the color of the number
dolar ^ „^",°"--'^^' ^•■''""''"■'-r may charge a fee of one
provT..o: oT ;h:r;ct.'"""'" ■""" ''-"" """•"-' "- "■«
(4) In Cttso ut tl>o Josg of number plate» or of a chauffeurV
badge, a new pair of number plate, or a new badge o an",her
■■Mhe ,as,. „,ay be, may be oblalued from the Munielnal rZ
loss of the said nun.bor plates „r badge, as the case may be
and the payment of a U: of one do„ar. , 0^^ 5,72^.1;
wo!:/"'/""""" °' ■■''«""■■'"'"» »l.=n contain the aame
yearf ""' '7""™"' °' '''"'"'''■'- ^-y <"' renewed from
c!'L, : r"'"' '■^- ""^ ^^'- " '=■'■ '■ - 59. ' rraeo. 5!
15. Every motor vol.iele shall be equipped with „de,u.ate
brakes sufflcient to control such motor yehlL at al IHre
16. Every motor vehicle shall carry during the n^-i „ ,
MOTOR VEHICLES
required to dl.play one white lUht In ih^ h ,, ""^ '"'
they are proceeding. 10 Ji 7 39 " T laTr" '° ""''''
19. A„. application., or a .Ln/e'to operate l.;?- ;^r/-
such application ahall be accompanied by : r ' w^.o*;;::;:
nto th.7 ! ■" "" "■"' '"'^ '""'•"■ ''"h'ele la brough
Into the Province. 7-8 Ed 7 c 34 s 48 "rougnt
ty tZ" vn> """ ""■"'" '" ""^ °""^ PO"'on o ly
ectlng Dubliih T ^^ °' ""-roachlnB a corner of an Inter-
warning luThe """"="■■"'"»»> "■"'" aPProachlng a person
Z™ i "''"'' "' » ""•■"« highway, or a horse or
thereof" """ ""■""''■ '""'^ ^""'- " '^^ " "riven
thereon, a person operating a motor vehicle shall not lessthan
ree'drnr:?/";;: '""b^"* ■'"'°"' ='°- ^-vn;°'sr r
exceeding six miles an hour and take reasonable precaution
o ensure the safety of such person or animal, and In he
z:\rz ^:xx ''°"""=- " "''--' ^^'^'-"'-
337
INSPtUTIOX OF STtAll BOILEHS
DIGEST OP AN ACT RESP13tTI.\C THE I>SPECTIO> OP
STEAM UOILEKS.
ProTlnce of Mailtob*,
». The Inspet'tors shall—
-«.) Inspect all steam boilers or steam generators within
llieir respeetlve districts before the same shall be used-
W once at least In each year subject all boilers to hydro-
static pressure. H.S.M. c. 180, s. 7. nurl.
10. The said Inspectors shall satisfy themselves by a
horough examination Inside and outside and by a hammer
test after the hydrostatic pressure-
Co) that the hollers being Inspected are well made of good
and suitable -material;
(6) that the opening for the passage of water and steam
respectively and all pipes and tubes exposed to heat are of
proper dimensions and free from obstructions;
(e) that the flues are circular In form;
id) that the friction (Arc line) of the furnace Is at least
two Inches below the prescribed minimum water line of the
boilers;
(c) that the arrangements for delivering the feed water
are such that the hollers cannot be Injured thereby
(/) .that the hollers and their steam connections 'may be
safely employed without peril to life;
(ff) that the safety valves are of suitable dimensions, suffl-
clent in number and properly arranged;
(ft) <hat the safety valve weights and springs are properly
adjusted so as to allow no greater pressure In the boilers
than the amount prescribed by the inspection certificate-
(0 that every holler Is provided with a loek pop safety
valve of approved make, with openings for the discharge of
steam on the side thereof, and provided with a cap covering
the adjusting nut and set-screw In such a manner that it can
be efflclently sealed by the inspector;
(;•) that there is a sufflclent number of gauge cocks and
a properly inserted Ju«lW« plug In the flue or crown sheet so
338
INSPIiOIION OF STEAM BOILEUS
M to tuae by the heat of the furnace whenerer the water In
the boiler falls below Its prescribed limits;
(*) that there an. adcciuato and certain provisions tor an
ample sUDply ol water to teed the boilers at all times so that
In high pressure, boilers the water shall not be less than four
inches above the top of the flues In horizontal boilers and
tour Inches above crown or flue sheet In upright hollers;
(I) that means for blowing oat are provided so that the
mud and sediment miiy be removed while the boiler Is under
pressure of steam. H.S.M. c. 160, s. 7. pail; 10 Ed. 7, c. 68, s. 1.
11. In addition to the annual Inspection. It shall be' th-
duty of each Inspectov to examine at any time, when In his
opinion such examination shall become necessary, all such
boilers within his district as shall become unsafe from any
cause, and to notify the owner or person using such boilers of
any defect and what repairs arc necessary In order to render
them safe. n.S.M. c. 160, 8. 7, part.
12. In subjecting to hydrostatic tests, boilers usually desig-
nated as high pressure, the Inspector shall assume one hun-
dred and twcntyflvo pounds to the square Inch as the maxi-
mum pressure allowable as a working pressure for new
boilers of forty-two Inches In diameter, made In the best
manner of plates one-fourth of an Inch thick of good
materials. R.S.M. c. 160, s. 8.
13. The Inspector shall, however, rate the working power
of all high pressure boilers according to their strength com-
p.ircd with this standard. R.S.M. c. 160. s. 9.
14. Should the Inspector be of the opinion that any boiler,
by reason of Its construction or material, will not safely
allow so high a working pressure as herein provided, he may
for reasons to be stated specially In his certlflcate. Ilx the
pressure of such boiler at less than three-fourths of the test
pressure. R.S.M. c. 160, s. 11.
18. Every boiler shall also be provided with two reliable
steam gauge unless the Inspector shall expressly certify the
same to be unDe''po°:iry. R.S.M. c. 160 s. 17.
19. It shall be the duty of the owner, manager or operator
of a boiler to allow the Inspector tree access to the same, and
to furnish water and All boiler and remove jacket or covering
23 33(,
I;'
IKSPEOTION or aiBAM BOILERS
•ccordlng to the proTljlons of this Act or of whlcl, .urh
..M.in.tlon h« been. pef«.ed. R.s.M. c. 160? .2,
M. Anjr boiler not Inepected. or which, on In.pection ha.
ttr..""t":hr.!r,r '■""'=""• """ ■>"• ««xer.nd U"
u>e of Mid boiler. > Ed. 7, c. 68, s. 4 part
o-'n'^M" ""'."Jl »'"""■'» » •»"". " »ell a. the leuee or
owner thereof h. c.» the »n>e U being operated wHh hi.
con«nt. without there being an unexpired certlflcat. '
n.pectlon thereof, .hall, unle., the absence of the e«mcate
L.r, "'"'*"'" " «<"•"" »' an Inspector, he liable to a
«. .1. "".f"""' » "ay 'or each day .that be .hall ope'
ate such nncertHcated boiler. R.SJl. c 160 s 25
an, bo'i'ie'r''!;™^ '"'."f " °' "" ""='"' <">""'"« »■• "wnlng
anr boiler pronounced by the Inspector unsafe to cease to um
the same until such repair, a. are Indicated by the InsjLl"
mentor tTe,'" '"' " """"' '" """'■"^ «<'h the "X
ment. of the Inspector, the person owning, aa well as th.
ered'lnToTT S"' """ """" »■"" "= "-""tra fl" To
h!™^ . "'"'"* ''°"'" '"" ""an also be liable for any
damage, to^person and property resulting therefrom 8.8^1
340
1
PABT X
Farms, Farming, Grain Tables,
Land Measurement, etc.
HON. CEO. WM. ROSS. LL. D.. F. R s. CAN
M. P. I«7m. Mi-U.., Edu.. im-W. P,.„. o„,. i,„.|^ ,.„,„ ,^j_
UNEARNED INCREMENT UN LAND
AH ACT RCHPKCTHti THE TAXATION OF THE
l'>£AK>ED I?ftB£ME?iT UN LAND.
{AtMcntetl to Oitobvr 25, 1913.)
HIb Majesty, by and wtth the advice and (-onat'iit of thx
Leglslatlvf) Atrntnibly of tUo Province of AllK-rtu, Lnacttt uh
tollows:
1. This Act maybe cited as the " Unearned /ntTcwiit Taj
Act."
2. T'lie expresHlonB defined In section 2 of TA'> Lanil Titlra
Avt shall have tn this Act the Bamu meanings as are by th<
Bald section aisBlgncd to them.
3. There shall bo ftayable upon tho regltttratlon under Thf
Land TUUm Av* of any transfer of land u tax of live p<>r cent.
OR the Increased value of tire lutld iand over and above the
value thereof according to the last preceding value for the
purposes of this Act, excluding in alt cases tho cost of Im-
provements or of development work actually made or done
upon or In connection with the said land.
(2) No tax shall be payable under this Act upon the regis-
tration of any grant from the Crown, or of any transml«slon of
the land of a deceased person or upon any transfer from the
executors or admlnlBtrators of any such person to the de-
visee or devisees of such land or to tlic persons entitled
thereto upon a distribution of the estate and any value ascer-
tained upon the registration of any si<ch transmission or
transfer shall not be deemed to bo a value ascertained for
the purpose of this Act.
(3) No tax shall be payable under this Act In respect to
the transfer of any unsubdlvlded land of which at least »rn
per cent, was under cultivation and which was actually and
bona pie ,'.sed by tho transferor for agricultural purposes
during twelve months Immediately precedlnR the transaction
which results In the making of the transft., except <o tho
extent oi the excess area of land beyond 640 acres In which
the transferor wad beneficially interested immedlatdy before
the transaction which results in the making of the transfer
and to the exient of the excess value of the land transferred
beyond the sum of $50.00 per acre without improvements.
341
iiii
1 "li'i!
r
tiNEAn>fi:r) ixcrkmknt o.v land
(4) The value ascertained tor the purpose of any transfer
of land exempt from taction und-r the last preceding clause
shall bo deemed to be a value ascertained tor the purpose of
tills Act*
4. For the purpose of ascertaining the Drat taxable raloe for
the purposes of this Act in respect of any lnt~-est In land
created before the passing tliercof. the last value for the pur-
poses of this Act shall ho deemed to be-
to) JI5.00 per acre In the case of any land not at the
date of the passing of this Act within any incor-
porated city, town or village;
(6) rhe assessed value of any land within any Incor-
porated city, town or village according to the last
revised assessment roll for the year 1913, if such
land is assessed upon such roll or If not then such
value as may be made to appear to the registrar of
land titles to be just;
(c) Prjvlded that If It Is mr.dc to appear to the satlsfac
tion of the Registrar that the person liable to pay
any tax payable hereunder has before the passing
of this Act bought or agreed to buy the land In
respect of which such tax is payable at a price
greater than the last value as hereinbefore ascer-
tained, the price paid or agreed to be paid upon
such purchase shall be deemed to be the last value
for the purposes of this subsection;
((() And provided further that If within one year from
the passing of this Act the owner of any land not
within the limits of an Incorporated city, town or
village makes it appear to the Registrar that at
the time of the passing of this Act the value of
such land exceeded iils.OO per acre, the Registrar
shall cause the value of the said land to be a.scer-
talned and the value eertlflod by him shall be
deemed tu bo the value for the purposes of this
subsection.
(2) For the purpose of ascertaining the first taxable value
of any Interest In land created after the passing of this Act
the last value shall be taken to be the value ascertained at
.■it;
DNEABNEI) IXCRIiMENT ON LAND
the date of the creation ot tlic Interest, If any, or If no value
was then ascertained, the last value shall bo taken to be zero
B. The secretory-treasurer ot everj Incorporated city, town
and village shall lorthwlth upon the assessment roll tor such
city, town or village being finally revised for the year 1913
send to the registrar of larid titles for the district in which
such city, town or village lies, a copy of such roll duly certi-
fied by him under the seal of the corpoiatlon.
(2) Uiion the receipt by hira of such assessment rolls, the
registrar ot land titles shall note upon every certificate of
title covering lands Included therein the value of such lands
as shown upon such roll.
8. No transfer of land shall be registered until after the
payment of any tax payable hereunder.
7. Unless otherwise agreed upon between the parties, any
tax payable hereunder shall be payable by the transferor or,
In the case of the Urst transfer after the date of the passing
hereof, shall be payable by the person beneflclally entitled to
the land at the said date.
(2) If any tax payable hereunder Is paid by any person
other than the person liable tor the payment thereof, it shall
be recoverable from the person so liable In an action at tho
suit of the person by whom It was paid Into any court of
competent Jurisdiction aa a debt due to such person.
8. Where part only ot the land Included in tho last valuation
is transferred the amount of the tax payable shall be ascer-
tained by determining the unit value of the whole of the
said land (namely, the value per square foot or per acre or
as the case may be) according to the last preceding valua-
tion, and the value according to the valuation of the same
unit at the date of such transfer unless It Is made to appear
to the registrar upon oalh that such ascertainment of the
tax would be u.ifalr or Impracticable by reason of the varia-
tion in the quality or situation of the land, or other similar
cause, and In such case the registrar shall decide the mode
of ascertaining and the amount of the tax.
9. The Lieutenant-Governor In Council may from time to
time make such regulations and provide such forms not In-
consistent with this Act as may be necessary or advisable
for the efficient and equitable operation of the same.
34.3
%
I«IND TITLES ACT
AMENDMENTS TO THE LAND TITLES ACT BELATING
TO THE INEABNED INCKEMENT TAX.
The Land Titles Act, being chapter 24 of the Statutes of
Alherta, 1906, and amendments thereto. Is amended as follows-
1. Section U7, subsection 2: By repealing the same and
substituting therefor the following:
"2. The value of land and Improvements for the purpose
of this Act and of The Vnearnal Imrcment Tax Ac: rhall be
ascertained by the oaths or affirmations of the transferor
and transferee of such land or of such other person or per-
sons on behalf of either or both of them as the registrar be-
lieves to be acquainted with the value of the land and whose
oath or affirmation he Is willing to accept.
" 3. Such oaths or affirmations may be In Form II. In .the
Schedule to this Act, and shall be necessary In all cases
where any new duplicate certificate of title Is required .to be
issued whether or not any fees are payable In respect to such
land under the provlslona of this section or of The Unearned
Increment Tax Act.
" 4. If the value of the land or ot the Improvements as set
out In the affidavit sworn by or on behalf of the transferor
and transferee respectively are not the same or If for any
other reason the valuations are unsatisfactory to the registrar
he shall cause a valuation to be made by an Inspector of trans-
fers and such valuation shall be taken to be the value of such
land or Improvements and shall bind the parties to the
transfer."
2. By adding after section 117 the following new section:
"1170. The Lieutenant-Governor In Council may appoint
one or more Inspectors of transfers and It shall be the duty
of such Inspectors to Investigate such valuations as the regis-
trars of land titles may require and report thereon, and to
perform such other duties as the Lieutenant-Governor in
Council may from time to time assign to them."
3. Section 124: By adding thereto the followjng subsection:
" (8) For every violation of the preceding subsection the
offender shall be gulHy of an offence and on summary con-
viction shall be liable to a line of not less than »50,00 and not
more than $100.00 and costs for each lot sold under agreement
for sale or otherwise."
344
LAND TITLES ACT
4. By adding to the Schedule hereto the toUowtng form:
" Form II, Section 117.
Canada,
Province of AHwrta.
"I, (name in lull, no tniltala) at (resUence), (occupation)
make oath and say:
"1. I am the transferor (or transferee, or agent, of the
transferor, or, and, transferee) In the within (or above)
transfer mentioned and I know the land above (or within)
described.
" 2. The Improvements upon the said lands consist of the
following and are of the fair value set out opposite each:
Building used as a |
Building used as a •
Building used aa a t
(aettina out every tuildfn;)
of fencing
{stating length)
C'earti-e acres
Drt^akliK acres
Crops now upon the land acres
Garden improvement
Well .,
Other Improvements
lacacribing them)
Total I
"3. The land alone, without improvements, is of the fair
™''"' °' dollars, the total value of
the lands, with the Improven-ents, being at the date hereof
• dollar^..
"4. I know the circumstances of the above (or within)
transfer and the consideration named therein Is the true
consideration passing between the parties.
"Sworn before me at the City of
In the Province of Alberta, this ]
^y «' A.D. 1913.
A CommUaioner, etc."
315
FARMS AND FARMING
To Find th« Weight of Lin Stock by :-,uniMnent
In^'l""!*" '"''™°»'" leoeMary i, » measure with feel and
nial just behind the shoulder blades. The length is the distance
from the shoulder blades. The superficial feet are obtain^ bv
tC Ll 'raltf rlr" ""^"- ^'" '<"""■•"« ^^'e contains
the rule to ascertain the weight of the animal:
l! is T,Z °ZJ.°°' 'r "'""• """""'>■ ™n.rficml I„, hy oisl,,.
thr«.'°" """ "'"" """ "'""' "■"" "'■'"■ """"P'S- ™l»"i"al tot by thirty.
, J' "* "■»" '"'•«" •"■' "■"« "■«" nine, multiply .uperficM tot by forty.
Measurement of Land
)„V f^K**.';! '«.'»/'>'""■"'<"■ J»"-»"«l0Bram, multiply the length
in n,J» by the width in rods, and divide by 160, the nutntor of
square rods in an acre. If th. field is triangulkr, mulUplVthe
length Of the longest side in rods by the greatest ;."th n rtl
and d.vide half the product by 160. If the field be of irlegS
shape, divide it into triangles, and And the acreage of ™ch trT
wfl^tl^esld'es ^" '"^f^'"'^ fleW^can betf.usm:::l;rld.
rLsTnln,!^ ? T'"^ ""'' '""«'"»'• '"ke the length in
^he „r , ^ ?" """"*■■ °' ■"'^^•"■ements, which will giv^
hemZlS h ^r^*" """"^'^ """ "■« "*""■• °»"4ly
the Held IS ,n a circle, find the diameter in rods, multipiv tie
square of the diameter by 7.854, and divide by 100 '^'
oonLnflmT ^"•r "«'*'*^ Form.-Anacre of land
contains 160 square rods, or 43,.';00 square feet. Hence to lav
out an acre at right angles (square^rners), when one s' del
known, divide the unita in the square contents b^the Jterf
346
FASMS AND TAKMINa
the same kind in the length of the known side. Thus: it the
known side be 4 rods, divide 180 by 4, and tlie quotient, 40. will
be the depth of the acre plot. It the length of the known side
be 00 feet, divide 43..'-.00 by 1)0, and the quotient, 4», will he the
depth of an acre-plot.
Townahlp^
- Rangg
County-
-
-
r
:
T7~
"Y
-]-
■
"•T
r
j"i"i
rr
P
il
32
~
S3
-
-34
-£S
i-
-
-
-
1
-
--
2S
--
20
-
'£8-
-
1
1
1
-
-
-
'20
i2l-
-
T]'
1
1
1
-13
.
-
IB
-
■?1
>i.
'l'
r
z
)
U^^
-
1
"T
-
L
J
;
-li
-U
_L
jj
J
JJ
JL
JJ
_J
Heasurement of an Acre Plot
ElthfT of thP following mpasiires incliidp an arre plot:
3 by 53 1-8 rods. l 7 by 22 G-7 rods. | 10 l.y 10 rods
Shy 20 ■• 11 t>y 14 0-11 ■■
9 by 17 7-8 " 12 by 13 1-3
4 by 40
5 liv 32
G by 20 2-3
12 rods 10 feet and 8J Inches square make an acrr*
Square Peet aod Peet Square in Fractions of an Acre.
2722*
544S
10890
14520
217S0
43560
87120
347
• I
FARMS AND FARMING
Amount of Barbed Win Bequlnd for FoncM
FJtlmatert numlMT of pounds of Barbed Wire required to fence =»,,
dlstanc-s mentioned, with on... two or three lines of wire, bused upon
pound or wire ineafiurlng one rod (IGJ feet).
space or
e»ch
I Square acre ....
1 Side of a wjuare acre.
1 Square hair acre
I a<iuare mil.
1 §.'''? ?' ? '^'lore mile.
!^^ '" length
100 Rods inrenKth....
100 Feet in length. - .
50f lbs.
12} lbs.
30 lbs.
12H0 lbs.
320 lbs.
1 lbs.
100 lbs.
6 1-16 lbs.
1014 lbs.
25i lbs.
152
lbs
38
lbs.
IDK
lbs
2560 lbs.
3840
Ihs
960
lbs.
300
IbH.
12^ lbs.
18 3-ie lbs.
I<«(>1 Weighbi ud Meaanrts in Canada.
pr"'i,lod'':St°ln^coS?;»?y / """'"I SMIute> o» Cannda, lOM, It M
unk'ss a hiishni lU. •'^' aaoiild lie determiDod by wriKhlnK.
.cBv";i.°„t''.?ir'bXrsr«^<a",K'.""' ■*""" """••"" «-^'«"
naH^r'is'^b^""-, ,;?''">", «","'. «f ."»•, Bf:«. 56 lb.. Peaw. 00 lb..
Cii.tor binn's In iR'. ..'^.■. "lui- iiraaa «e,.d. 14 lb«. LImo, TO Iba.
110 ll,» lS;,i™ n-|h.'°S'°:'''i?,.ll'»- lai-alP". «» lb.. Carrot,
coal 70 lbs ternS ™. V!; ""iV"- nnlona, 50 Iba. nitulnliloui
lb.. "*'■' °° '!»■ Tlmotbj-, 48 lbs. llDckwbpat. 48
BrilT;h^1frad"rodw°fihP„?',','!.'' "'■''"."«' «'».""«' <" C"M<in. loon, the
WW abollSd Z.^ ifh *!' 'I- .P"""?*. and tbo ton o( 2.i;40 pound,
and 111?. Inn ■mJ,?,'' .,''■' IfU'Iml'VclBht was d.clari'd to be 100 nunnd.!
Sriilnida'and'tte'l-nlM KS"'"""' '""' "'"""'""'■■l! 'l-e w«ll!"i
<V,M"'lL'''t'[!,,!' ?,'.f"1' tl"" '«' "Pl'l™ tl,r barrel .ball ho M
Mi-rVEid 't'i^-'; loff™, betwi-™ bead llu.lde measur..) :
iS'oHio !nSi'»'j,a'i°ni!ib'i,:3'o''''c';bi?'rc£ ""^ '•"""■ '">«»'
Ina and Weight of Tils
'"'e following table allows Uipan-aandllie weight of the different steed tile:
Siz,..
7 ill.
41 so. In.
52» .
348
FABM8 AND PARMINQ
Tlu Ouiyisg Otpicity ol Tile
Gai.uinh Per
MrNrTE
Fall per 100 Feet.
Blze of Tile.
1 tn.
3 in.
6 in. 1 9 in.
12 in.
24 in.
04
131
304
750
1000
i:uo
2070
;io In.
a-inch
4-lnch
13
27
7S
153
20fl
207
432
23
47
129
iSi
463
730
32
ea
183
375
5d3
655
1033
40
HI
224
400
G17
803
1273
40
s:t
258
529
711
020
UOK
79
103
6-lnch
8-lnf 1
450
923
6-inc 1
1240
12-inc 1
2551
A larRe tile w<!l carry more water accor<1ing to its size than a Nmall one.
This Is because there Is less surface on the inside of the lorRe tile compareii
with the size of stream, and therefore less friction. More water will fiow
thtouKh a straight tile tlian a crooked one having the same iliameter.
ExAMHi.F.: A nine-inch tile at 6 hichea fall to the 100 feet will llow fiS3
gals, per minute.
Bow to Vn the Hog and Oattla Table
Cattle,
What will be tbo cost of 1,170 lbs. of cattle at (4.2S per hun-
dredweight?
1,100 @t4.3.'> = Me.75
70 @ i.%S= 2.98
Answer— 149. 73
Boos.
What will be the ooet of i,7eO lbs. of hogs at $8.75 per hun-
dredweight?
2,700 @t3.75 = »101.25
50 @ 8.75^ 1.88
Answer— 1108.13
349
Hog ind Cattle Table
The mtddlp roltimn rIvch iIk^ iiiimljer u( ])fiun<lfl and the top ot eorh volumn
the prirt! iHT i»ound or huiidn-d weijtUt.
.1
350
FARMH AND FARMING
How to Find the Nttmber of BoihoU of Orftln In a Bin or Bos
ft»/t'.— Multipy tlie length in feet by the hi-ight in feet, and
then RKiiiii hy the breiultU in feet, ami then iiKitiu hy H, luiil out
ofT Mie ri^ht hand figure. The lust renult will I>h the number of
busliuU.
Example. —How many buHhela In a bin 12 feet long, 8 feet wide
unii 4 feet high?
£Euiufttin.— 13x8x4X8=807.3 bushels.— Answer.
To Find tho Contents of a Wagon Box
A common wagon box is a little mo.e than ten feet long and
three feet wide, and will hold about t-vo bushels fur every inch
in depth.
i?«/e.— Multiply the depth of the wagon box in inches by 2,
and you have the number of bushels.
If the wagon box is 11 feet long multiply the depth in inches
by 3. and add one-tenth of the numlier of bushels to itself.
Example.— ^av! many bushels of grain will a wagon box hold.
20 inches deep and 10 feet long?
So/HfiOTi. —20x3=40. —Answer.
N.B. — A bushel to the inch ia calculated for com on the cob.
Explanations of Grain Tables
Tlie figures in heavy type represent the weight of the load, the
number uf bushels and pounds over are found at the right under
the kind of grain.
Example.— Hovi many bushels in a load of v.heiit weighing
1400 pounds? Run down the first, or wei^lit coluiiin. to 1400
and Qnd opposite under "wheat" 24 bushels ami -'tO [Kiuuds.
351
^1^^
FARUS AND rARUINO
TablalbowliigUwXiimbwotBiulMtaudoddPoiiiidilB ||
t L(wd Of Onin
loTo
J
It
1
w
3
1
■mTTST
•1^1
29
71
18
<s'
to
60
14
IS
8S
11
03
1020
30
00
18
18
17
00
14
4«
18
48
81
19
1030
30
29
18
33
17
10
U
90
IS
OS
31
38
1040
80
69
18
33
17
20
14
60
IS
69
81
83
lOSO
30
88
18
43
17
80
18
00
14
00
ai
48
1000
31
18
18
63
17
40
16
10
14
10
33
04
1070
81
47
10
06
17
50
16
2C
14
20
32
14
1080
81
78
18
16
18
00
16
30
14
SO
23
34
i«eo
82
06
18
26
18
10
16
40
14
40
23
St
1100
82
36
18
36
18
30
16
90
14
SO
33
44
1110
82
66
18
46
18
30
16
00
14
60
88
08
IIUO
82
»«
20
00
16
40
16
00
14
70
38
16
1130
33
24
20
10
18
60
16
10
IS
OS
18
86
1140
33
63
20
30
18
00
16
30
IS
IS
88
86
1160
33
82
20
80
18
10
16
30
IS
3S
as
46
1160
34
12
20
40
18
20
16
40
IS
SS
84
08
1170
34
41
20
60
19
80
16
90
IS
4S
84
18
1180
34
71
21
04
18
40
16
60
IS
SS
84
38
iieo
86
00
21
14
18
90
17
00
IS
6S
84
88
1100
86
29
31
24
30
00
17
10
16
00
83
00
1210
35
69
21
84
30
10
17
20
16
10
83
10
1220
36
88
21
44
30
20
17
80
16
80
as
80
1230
36
18
21
64
20
30
17
40
16
SO
as
80
1240
36
47
22
08
30
40
17
60
16
40
as
40
12S0
36
76
22
18
20
60
17
60
16
SO
86
08
1260
37
06
23
28
21
00
18
00
16
00
86
18
1270
37
36
23
38
21
10
18
10
16
70
86
88
1280
37
66
23
48
21
SO
18
20
17
OS
80
88
1290
37
94
23
03
21
80
18
SO
17
IS
80
48
laoo
38
24
23
13
21
40
18
40
17
2S
87
04
1310
38
63
33
33
21
30
18
SO
17
SS
87
14
1320
38
82
33
32
22
00
18
00
17
4S
87
34
1330
38
12
23
42
33
10
18
00
17
SS
»7
84
1340
39
41
33
62
23
30
18
10
17
OS
87
44
1390
39
71
24
06
32
80
18
30
18
00
88
00
1360
40
00
24
10
32
40
18
80
18
10
38
16
1370
40
29
34
20
23
60
10
40
18
20
88
30
1380
40
oil
34
30
23
00
19
60
18
80
as
86
1390
40
88
3*
40
28
10
10
60
18
40
28
46
1400
4]
18
25
00
23
20
30
00
18
30
88
08
1410
4]
47
33
10
23
30
30
10
18
60
39
18
1420
4]
76
23
20
33
40
20
20
18
70
39
38
1430
4S
06
26
30
33
30
20
80
18
03
39
38
1440
4S
35
36
40
24
00
20
40
18
13
80
00
14S0
42
66
36
60
24
10
30
50
18
23
80
10
1460
42
94
20
04.
24
30
30
00
19
33
SO
30
1470
43
24
26
14
34
30
31
00
18
43
SO
80
1480
4S
53
26
34
24
40
31
10
18
S3
SO
40
1490
43
82
26
84
24
60
31
20
18
6S
81
08
•Bean
itoo
44
12
36
44
26
00
31
SO.
SO
00
St
18
SSbox
B also
re eO IbR. per buRhel. 3g2
1
FAHMN AND FARMINO
• Lead of OnlB-Continued.
ir-6
.»
4
^
m
SW:
'%sr'i''%sr'
S
tSr
TKT
1.."
LG7^lnT,.rrt';i~
44
41
26
34
83
10
81
40 1 20
10
31
23
1B20
44
71
27
06
26
30
81
y
20
20
31
33
1530
4<
00
S7
18
83
30
21
0
20
30
31
42
1540
4e
29
87
28
25
40
22
o„
20
10
82
04
ISSO
4S
69
27
38
23
50
23
10
20
,iO
33
14
"SS
4«
88
27
48
20
00
23
20
20
m
32
24
1570
46
18
28
02
20
10
23
;io
20
-0
32
34
1580
40
47
28
12
2U
20
«3
40
21
m
32
44
seo
48
76
28
22
20
30
22
50
21
15
33
00
600
47
Ofl
28
33
20
40
22
00
21
23
83
13
eio
47
36
28
43
26
50
23
00
21
33
33
20
1620
47
66
23
52
27
00
23
10
21
45
3^1
30
1830
47
U
29
06
27
10
23
20
21
53
3:1
46
1640
48
24
29
16
27
20
23
30
21
05
34
08
1650
48
63
29
28
27
30
23
40
OO
34
18
1660
48
82
29
3i>
27
40
23
50
22
10
34
28
1670
49
12
29
40
27
50
23
00
22
20
34
38
1680
49
41
80
00
28
OO
24
00
22
30
83
00
1690
49
71
80
10
28
10
24
10
40
33
10
'ZOJ
SO
00
30
20
28
20
24
20
22
SO
33
20
1710
SO
29
30
30
28
80
84
80
22
60
35
30
1720
60
SO
61
61
SI
62
62
62
63
S3
63
63
64
64
54
66
59
80
40
28
40
84
40
22
70
33
40
1730
88
30;50
28
60
24
80
23
03
33
02
1740
18
47
76
06
3«
66
W
24
63
82
12
41
71
CO
■>a
5!)
88
18
47
7(!
06
35
t)6
94
24
>3
31
04
29
00
24
GO
23
19
30
12
1750
81
14
29
10
25
00
23
23
36
22
1760
81
24
29
20
25
10
83
33
36
33
1770
81
84
29
30
25
20
83
43
36
43
1780
31
44
29
40
85
30
23
65
87
04
790
31
64
20
50
25
40
23
63
37
14
iio
32
08
30
00
88
90
24
00
37
34
88
18
80
10
•a
60
84
10
37
34
1820
88
88
SO
20
86
00
84
20
37
44
1830
82
38
80
30
86
10
84
30
88
Of,
1840
32
48
80
40
26
20
24
40
38
16
1890
33
02
80
SO
86
30
24
50
88
26
1860
33
12
81
00
86
40
84
60
88
36
1870
83
22
31
10
28
90
84
70
88
46
1880
00
55
5.1
oti
5(i
5ti
57
57
57
67
58
83
32
31
20
86
60
35
03
39
08
1890
33
42
31
30
27
00
25
15
39
18
1900
83
52
31
40
27
10
83
23
39
28
1910
34
06
31
50
27
20
85
35
39
38
1920
84
16
82
00
87
80
85
45
40
00
1930
84
86
82
10
27
40
85
63
40
10
1940
84
36
82
20
27
90
85
63
40
20
1950
34
46
32
80
87
60
26
00
40
50
1960
36
00
82
40
88
00
26
10
40
40
i?7i
8S
10
82
50
88
10
26
20
41
02
L980
85
80
88
OO
88
20
26
30
41
12
1990 VSI
<S
80
83
10
88
30
86 40 1
41
22
i
1000 "!>' 1
IS
40
33
SO S8l
40
S6 50 J
41
33
353
f-TF
rARtn AND FAIUirNO
Tibfe ItowlBttlMlliimbOTolnulwIiudoddronBdila
* Load «< Onia-L'oritiiiuca.
<?»
iuiWi
70 IX.
^'^\x
20l(J
ml 12
as
00
33 30
t8
80
31
W
4]
202U
n
141
■M
04
33 40
38
60
»
70
41
04
203(J
«
»71
3tl
14
33 SO
10
00
31
09
4a
14
2040
w
)00
i«
34
84 00
39
10
37
IS
43
M
2050
w
)20
IK
:I4
84 10
80
30
31
89
43
S4
2000
(K
l»»
M
44
34 30
39
30
37
38
43
44
2070
«
88
ai
84
34 30
30
40
37
49
43
00
20HU
«
18
;'7
08
34 40
iO
80
n
8.)
43
16
20U0
a
47
.17
18
34 SO
39
60
37
69
43
86
1100
111
76
:tr
28
33 00
SO
00
38
00
43
86
2110
es
06
it7
38
39 to
80
10
38
10
4a
46
2120
ea
38
37
48
38 30
30
30
38
30
44
06
2130
es
M
38
03
33 30
SO
30
38
80
44
18
3140
ea
64
38
13
88 40
80
40
38
40
44
88
21S0
&
24
38
23
89 SO
80
60
38
SO.
44
88
2160
6!
S3
;ig
.12
36 00
80
60
38
60
48
00
2170
Of
82
38
42
36 10
81
00
28
70
43
10
2180
64
12
38
82
38 30
SI
10
29
08
43
30
3190
64
41
39
00
36 30
31
20
30
18
43
80
noo
64 (J
30
16
36 40
31
30
29
39
43
40
3310
88 00
39
26
38 80
31
40
29
38
46
08
2320
68 ?d
39
36
37 00
3l|30
20
49
46
13
2230
65 80
39
46
37 10
31 00
39
99
48
88
3340
((8 88
40
00
37 20
f>
00
33
69
46
88
2230
*W 18
40
10
87
30
a:
10
80
00
46
48
2JiSii
6*t 47
40
35
87
40
83
iO
SO
10
47
04
3270
ti6 76
117 06
40
30
37
80
33
30
80
80
47
14
2280
40
40
38
00
83
40
80
SO
47
84
9390 "*'j*^
ttOO "''"'^
2310 ""!'«
M20 ^n
40
60
88
10
33
SO
80
40
47
84
41
41
04
14
38
38
20
30
33
38
60
00
80
80
90
60
47
48
44
06
41
34
38
40
33
10
SO
70
48
16
3330
68 82
Ml <••
41
34
38
SO
33
30 31
03
48
88
3340
41
44
36
00
33
30 3l!lS
48
36
2350
3360
ml
68
61)
70
T)
70
7U
71
71
41
71
00
29
59
88
18
47
■6
)6
»
B
H
>4
41
43
84
08
30
39
10
20
33
33
40
80
31
81
35
33
48
49
46
08
2370
2380
43
43
18
28
30
39
30
40
33
34
60
00
31
81
48
83
49
49
18
28
2390
42
38
39
50
34
10
31
68'
40
88
3400
42
48
40
00
34
M
33
00
30
00
2410
43
03
40
10
34
SO
.12
10
«0
10
2420
43
12
40
20
34
40
32
20.
80
30
2430
71
7"
43
23
40
30
84
50
32
30
SO
30
2440
43
33
40
40
34
80
32
40
80
40
2450
72
72
72
43
43
40
SO
35
DO
32
W
SI
03
2460
43
S3
41
00
35
10
32
SO
61
13
2470
44
06
41
10
38
80
.12
70
81
28
2480
T.i
71
44
16 41
20
38
30
33
93.
81
B3
2490
44
38 41
30
38
U)
83
IS
31
13
1600
"'"" 1
44
86 41 40 1
SS
SO
83
}•
69
M
354
PAI1I8 AND P.UIMIVO
1
nbtoChowIaCthillnmbnaOiuiulauddddPo'idiln |
t Load o< OntD-Contlimnl.
<l?
Si
tf.
^in
•.>r«
^nst
luttra
Kr<«ra
IvUt.1
..V
.«
.«
Ita.
■m. I thr
15 IM.
..«
4t
Ssio
73
>9
44
46
41
50
ai
00
Xl
33
53
14
2S20
74
12
4S
00
42
00
30
OO
SI
45
52
34
a53()
74
41
4.1
10
42
10
iV,
10
:«
.1.1
63
.3.1
2S40
74
71
4.1
20
42
20
:i6
20
;i:i
63
6?
14
2580
75
00
45
:to
43
IW
»i
.10
34
00
Kl
IW
'.iSOO
75
2I<
4.1
40
42
40
36
10
31
10
5;i
m
2570
75
511
45
.10
43
m
36
Ml
34
20
6:1
36
2SH(>
76
88
40
(M
43
00
»l
m
;I4
:I0
63
36
2500
7(1
18
46
14
«l
10
37
IK)
in
40
63
46
ieoo
70
47
46
ti
«l
30
37
10
34
.V)
54
08
2(110
711
7H
46
at
4;)
30
.17
20
n
(10
54
18
2(l;iO
77
Oil
46
44
43
to
37
:io
■M
70
54
28
20J0
77
3.5
46
.14
4.1
.w
37
40
31
111
54
38
2«t0
77
K5
47
08
44
00
37
50
35
15
.M
OO
2B50
77
94
47
18
41
10
37
110
:)5
25
.11
10
2(!«0
7»
24
47
28
44
30
38
00
ii
33
55
20
2070
78
53
47
38
44
30
38
10
35
43
55
30
2UH0
78
82
47
48
44
40
;I8
30
3.1
.15
55
40
2890
79
12
48
02
44
50
;>s
W
3.1
65
56
02
1700
711
41
48
12
45
00
38
40
:lii
00
36
13
2710
70
71
48
22
43
10
;1H
.10
36
10
56
33
2720
80
00
48
33
45
30
38
60
36
20
66
33
2730
80
29
48
42
45
30
30
00
311
M
66
42
2740
SO
50
48
93
45
40
39
10
80
10
57
04
2750
M
88
49
06
45
50
39
20
30
50
67
14
27tM)
81
18
40
16
46
00
39
30
30
60
67
31
2770
81
47
40
30
46
10
30
40
36
70
57
34
2780
81
76
49
30
46
30
39
.10
37
05
57
44
2790
82
oe
49
40
id
.10
39
60
37
15
S8
00
SMO
82
35
50
00
46
40
40
00
37
3.1
68
If.
2810
82
65
60
10
46
.10
40
10
"7
ij
68
36
2820
82
94
50
20
47
00
40
30
37
43
68
36
28:)0
83
24
50
30
47
10
40
30
37
55
58
40
2840
83
53
50
40
47
20
40
40
37
65
99
08
2850
83
82
50
50
47
30
40
30
38
00
90
18
2800
84
1?
31
04
47
40
40
60
38
10
60
38
2870
84
41
91
14
47
00
41
00
38
20
69
38
2880
84
71
61
34
48
OO
41
10
38
30
60
00
2890
85
00
61
34
48
10
41
30
38
40
60
10
S9«0
2910
So
29
51
41
48
30
41
30
38
.10
60
20
85
59
51
34
48
30
41
40
38
60
60
30
2920
85
88
53
08
48
40
41
30
38
7C
60
40
2930
8*1
18
52
18
48
.M)
41
60
39
03
61
02
2940
8«
47
52
28
40
00
42
00
39
15
61
12
2930
8»i
76
52
:»
49
10
42
iO
39
35
61
22
2960
87
87
87
87
06
65
62
48
49
30
42
30
30
35
61
32
2970
5;i
03
49
30
42
30
39
45
61
43
2980
53
13
49
40
43
40
30
65
63
04
2990
94
53
32
49
60
43
50
39
OS
«S
14
8000
88 zi
S3
33
SO
00
43
80
40
00
<g
24
24
3.W
FARMS AND FARUINO
T«bto Showliv the Rombar of Busbtli and odd Poimds in
* Load >.< Orain— Continuod.
#
rARHS AND FARMIKQ
rABMIR'S CLUB
In a famier'fl club, which has for its object social intercourse
and the acquisition of knowledge, there need Ite few arbitrary
rules of order enforced, but, instead, the discussions may be
more or less conversational. But, as all business is facilitated
by good regulations, the officers of the club ought to be armed
with by-laws, and empowered to enforce their provisions when-
ever necessary.
Oonatitution
Art. 1. — This aatociation shall be known a,n the Castann Farmer's Club
Its (ibjwt shall be to i)n»inote a knowleiise ot iirat-tical rurnihit' ami (.iarden^
iiiE among it« members and the community, in conniTtion with wk'IuI onjoy-
ments by th« raembprs and their rumilies.
Art. 2.— The members of the club are thosp who frame lliis constitution
and conform to its requirements, and others wlio may bu invjliid to join by
the executive committee, all of whom shall pay »00— annually in September
(or monthly) into the treasury.
Art. 3.— The omcers of the Qub shall he a President, a Secretary, who
shall be the Treasurer, and three members, who. with the President antl
Secretary, shall constitute the Executive Committw. The Secretary shall
keep records of transactions, and be custodian of the funds and other property
of the CIul). being accountable at all times to llie Executive Committee, Riving
bonds, if required, and shall prepare and present a full rciwrt to the Club at
the annual meeting. The Executive Committee, three mcmbtTs of which
shall be a quorum, shall have general charge of the interests of the flub and
the carrying out of its objects. It shall fill vacancies among its officers,
make rules, invite new members 'i join, regulate expentliture.s. manage
exhibitions or fairs, publish offor., prizes and tlie awards, be responsible
for the welfare of the Oub, ami report at the annual meeting through its
Clerk.
Art. 4. — The meeting of the Club shall take place on the fir.it Tuesday
of each month; the meelingin January being known as the"Annuul Meeting."
Art. 5.— This Constitution may be amended by a vote of two-thirds of
tlu! members present at any regular meeting, notice having been given at the
preceding^iegular meeting.
357
I
''I
i
TKirsTS AND MONOPOLIES.
TRUSTS AND MONOPOLIES
.i,"^" T.?"*" "*''"' ''°""'>»"' 'he business world of to-day are
n «* i""^ descendants of the old English monopolies.
BefllUHon.-The old time monopolic, were grants by the
crown securing to one or more persons an exclusive right to
carry on some particular branch of trade or manufacture
while the modern trusts are organizations formed by the
combination of competing Arms, which. Independently of any
grant of a sovereign or State, exert the right and power of
controlling the entire business of the particular branch of
trade or manufacture In which th. ;• are engaged.
History.— In the sixteenth century the people of England
complained of the extortions of the monopolies which had
been granted by the crown and the whole system was at-
tacked In Parliament In 1597. No restraining law was passed
because of the personal solicitation of the queen, but In 1601
Par lament took up the subject and a list of the most ob-
jectionable monopolies was read In the House of Commons
One member of that body caused a sensation at the time by
asking. "Is not bread among the number?"
In 1623 the so-called statute of monopolies was passed
which provided that all monopolies should be Illegal except
such as might be granted by Parliament, the only excep-
tions being the control of new manufactures and Inventions.
For a time this law put an end to the formation of monopo-
lies, which have now become common under the name of
7 .. J» "'^'"■'J' e^ery civilized country of the world
of th! „ V""'T"' ''°^'*'"'' ""^^""^ '"« l-du^-lal energy
of the country and Its extensUe commerce, the trust system
has not made the advance it has In some other countries In
Europe or In America.
B«,sla» Trnrts.-In Ilussla, while the courts do not recog-
nize the formation ot trusts as legal, strong Industrial or-
ganizations control many of the commodities. Iron, brandy
sugar, petroleum and a vast number of other products are
In the hands of monopolies which oppress the people. Not
manv fT. "■"t""'"' "'''""' "'^■" ">' '"^ government, hu
many of them have been organized under the protection and
with the assistance ot the government.
3S8
1
PART XI
Money, Postal Information,
Salesmanship, Shipping, etc.
■'■,
1854 RT. HON. ROBERT LAIRD BOROEN. D. C. L. K. C
Harrist<'r, Louder Op|i, H. of C I'JOl
Premier of C»n*dft 1911—
I'AUCEL I'OST iieui;lations
PARCEL POST BEGCLATIONS.
i„M„H"'"r" ■" ^"" *'°"" '"='^'">"">"' at Parcel Post rate,
ncudo farm and factory products, merchandise of all de-
scriptions such as dry goods, groceries, hardware, confeC
onery stationery (Including blank books, etc, seeds cut-
tings, bulbs, roots, bedding plants, scions or grafts and a 1
other matter not Included In the first class, and not oxcluded
from the malls by the general prohibitory regulations with
respect to objectionable matter. tu'atlons with
Parcels consisting of third class matter may be mailed at
zt:::: ""'' "' ""'" "^'^ ■"""" ^"'^ "' "'^™"°» °'
exSy prrtiT '"""'"'"'"^ '"""'- "' -■"-"- -"
2. The rates of postage on articles accepted for trans-
mission by Parcel Post are as follows-
J,m ^7 '""f ""■ "■" ""■"' ^""""^ ""« 1 «« for each
addltlona pound or fraction thereof, up to tour pounds, and
within . .,/'""'""""" "'"'"'' "■' "> ^'^^<'" pounds
Mthin a radius of twenty miles from the place of mailing.
Irrespective of Provincial boundaries.
(b) Ten cents for the first pound and 4 cents for each
ProvZri' " T^ " "■"""'" """•'""■ ">' =" PO'"'' '» "•«
mHe radius " " '"'■'"'' '^ """'"'• ""'""^ "' '"" '"^'^
Ja,1, '^'? ''''"' "" '"^ ""' ''°"°'' "'«' 8 '=''"'« 'or each
addltlona pound or fraction thereof, for all points outside
the Province In which a parcel is posted, and beyond the
twenty mile radius, with an additional charge of ' cents a
pound for each Province that has to be crossed to the des-
Inatlon of the parcel, not including the Province In which it
Is to be delivered, up to a maximum of 12 cents a pound.
The three Provinces. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island, are to be considered as one .one.
.lo^w^n I Z""^" '° "•"" ""^ """■=' <'°^' "' trr.nsporta-
tlon w I be made on parcels addressed to or posted at offices
In certain outlying districts when such parcels have to be
conveyed more than 100 miles by a conf us stage service.
n t
-I..- ^hi^
PAHCKL POST REGULATIONS
auoh districts to be do&lgnated by the PostmastRr General.
The charge on any parcel shall not be greater than 1 cent
an ounce.
Tables of rates for the several Provinces, as given In the
rate cards printed for dletrlbutlon, will be found on pages
366 to 372.
3. The postage on Parcel Post packets must be prepaid by
means of postage stamps securely affixed to the parcels.
An insufficiently prepaid Parcel Post packet Is forwarded
to destination subject on delivery to payment of double the
deficiency, provided at least one cent is prepaid. After the
additional postage required on any short paid parcel has
been collected from the addressee, " postage due " stamps are
to be affixed to the parcel and cancelled by the Postmaster.
Parcel Post packets totally unpaid will be sent to the
Branch Dead Letter Office.
Franking of Parcel Post packets Is expressly prohibited.
4. A Parcel Post packet may he insured within Canada up
to an amount of $25.00, or the actual value of the contents
when less than that amount, upon prepayment of a fee of 5
cents in postage stamps, and up to an amount of $50.00, or the
actual value of the contents when less than that sum, upon
prepayment of a fee of ten cents In postage stamps. This
ffie must be prepaid, In addition to the ordinary postage, by
means of postage stamps, which the sender must affix to the
cover.
A parcel intended for insurance should not be dropped
into a box or receiver. It should be marked with the word
" Insured," and with the amount of the Insurance fee the
sender is paying, thus " Insured 10 cents," and be handed
into the Post Office or to the rural carrier and a certificate of
posting obtalLed, bearing an acknowledgment that an Insur
ance fee has been paid.
The onus of properly enclosing and packing a parcel for
Insurance rests with the sender, the Post Office assuming no
liability for loss arising from defects which may not have
been observed at the time of posting.
Indemnity will be paid to the addressee, or at the request
of the addressee, the sender, !)rovIded claim Is made to the
360
PARCEl. POST nEGUI.ATIOXS
Department within one year of the date of poBtlng. upon
receipt of sworn etatenients cJ the persona concerned:—
(a) That according to the best of their knowledge and
belief tue Insured parcel has been lost or its contents
damaged In the malls.
(b) Aa regards the value of the contents of the parcel or
the damage sustained.
(c) As regards the ownership of the parcel.
It must appear that the loss or damage did not arise
wholly or In part from the fault of the sender, as, tor
Instance, from insufficient packing, Inadequate fastenings,
loss of "tie-on" label, etc. The indemnity paid will not
exceed the Talue of the contents of the parcel lost or the
damage sustained. The right is reserved of reinstating the
contents of a parcel Instead of giving pecuniary Indemnity.
In the case of damage the parcel must be retained for the
purpose of enquiry, as nearly as possible In the state In
which It was delivered. If complaint Is made that the con-
tents of a parcel have been lost or abstracted, the cover
must be produced.
Indemnity for damage to articles of a fragile nature will
be given only in those cases in which the parcel Is con-
spicuously marked with the words "Fragile with care."
Parcels containing eggs, llah. meat, fruit, vegetables, glass,
crockery, greases, seml-llqulds, liquids or any articles of an
exceptionally fragile nature cannot be Insured.
Indemnity will not be given for loss of coin or bank notes.
Indemnity will not be given for injury or damage con-
sequential upon. I.e. Indirectly arising from the loss, damage,
delay, non-delivery or mis-delivery of any article sent by
Parcel Post.
Indemnity will not be given in the case of a parcel on
which the Insurance fee has not been paid.
Indemnity may be refused for loss or damage, on any
ground on which exemption from legal liability may bo
claimed by a common carrier.
An insured parcel that cannot be delivered within Canada
will be sent to the Branch Dead Letter Office.
361
'!:
I'
PARCEL roST HEGUI^TIONS
PMed Font Pukcta Xoat Not Be Bcfliterad.
5. Fanela munt be prepared for mailing In »uch manner
that the contents can be easily examined.
8. It Is desirable that tile sender's address should appear
either Inside the parcel or on the cover. This must be kept
distinct trom the address proper.
V. Parcels are, when ro-dlrectod, chargeable with adJ.-
tlonal postage at the rate which would have been chargeable
had they been originally mailed from the office of re-dlrectlon
to the new address, except In cases where the original and
the re-dlrected addresses arc both within the delivery of the
same Post Office.
8. The limit of weight for a Parcel Post packet Is eleven
pounds, and the general limit of size Is thirty Inches In length
by one foot In width or depth, but parcels will be accepted
up to 3 ft. j In. In length, provided that the combined length
and girth do not exceed six feet. For example-a parcel
measuring 3 a 6 In. In Its longest dimensions may measure
as much as 2 ft. 6 In. In gl-'h (I.e., round Its thickest part):
or a short parcel may he tMcker; thus If the length Is not
more than 3 ft. the girth of the parcel may be 3 ft,
9. When practicable, Parcel Post packets must be sent In
covers open at the ends, and In such manner as to be easy
of examination. Dut flour, drugs and such like articles,
which cannot be sent in covers of this kind— but such articles
only— may be posted enclosed In boxes, or In bags of linen or
other strong material, fastened In such a manner that they
may be easily opened, so as to enable the officers of the Post
Office readily to saUsfy themstlves as to the nature of the con-
tents. If paper bags or covers are used for enclosing flour
or other similar matter, they must be of extra quality and
strength to resist friction and pressure In the malls, and
prevent the escape of the contents.
10. Any staple article of use or consumption, properly
transmissible by post, contained In the original unbroken
package and with prot'^r descriptive label, may be forwarded
by Parcel Post, though the tin or case In which It Is enclosed
may not adroit of being opened In course of post. If posted
by parties known to be engaged In the manufacture or sale
3C2
r.VlH'Kli I'OST liWll'LATHtNS
Of the article ta question and who vouch that the content!
are precliely as described on the label.
11. A parcel may contain Invoices and accounts provided
they relate exclusively to the contents of such parcel; It Is
also permitted to enclose a card or slip of paprr giving In a
brief manner necessary directions for the IdentlHcatlon or
treatment of the article or articles contained In the parcel.
Care must be Uken not to abuse this privilege by converting
such notes or marks, designed solely for the facilitation of
buslnesi between the sender and addressee, into what might
properly be called correspoLience. A parcel containing a
letter or any writing intended to B*»rve the purpose of a letter
in the ordinary sense will become Uablu to letter postage.
12. When several separate articles are enclosed in a Parcel
Post packet there Is no objection to each bearing a dis-
tinguishing number, so as to enable the sender to give direc-
tions by letter (sent of course separately and duly prepaid)
respecting the several articles which the parcel contains.
13. Any person who wishes to mall a large number of
parcels, whether on a particular day or at regular or Irregular
Intervals, will facilltote the work of despatch If he will give
the office where they will be posted early Information of the
number of the parcels, their average weight and the dateE
and times at which he proposes to send them. He will also
consult the convenience of the Post Office by sending the
parcels to the post in batches, beginning as early In the
day as possible.
14. Parcel Post packets are subject to the general pro-
hibitory regulations excluding from the mails everything
liable to destroy, deface or otherwise damage the other con-
tents of the mall bags or injure the person of any officer or
servant of the Post Office, as well as all obscene or Immoral
matter.
ir Liquids, oils and fatty substance-*, put up In accordance
with the following regulations, are not excluded: When In
glass bottles or vials, su/ih bottles or vila must be strong
enough to stand the shock of handling in the mails, and
must be enclosed In a wooden, heavy cardboard or papier
mache block or tube not lesn than three-sixteenths of an inch
thick In the thinnest part, strong enough to support the
i
:|^
PARCEL POST REOULATIONS
weight of malls piled In bags and reelit rough handling; and
there muet be provided between the bottle and ita outer caie
a cuihlon of cotton or spongy material lufDclent to abiorb
the liquid, etc., In case the bottle should be broken, the block
or tube to be Impervious to liquid (Including oils) and to be
closed by a tightly fitting screw-lid of wood or metal with a
rubber or other pad so adjusted as to make the block or tube
water-tight and to prevent the leakage of the contents in
case of breaking tl.e glass. When enclosed In a tin cylinder,
metal case or tube, such cylinder, case or tube should have a
screw-lid with a rubber cork or cushion Inside In order to
make the same water-tight, and should be securely fastened
In a wooden or papier mach^ block (open only at one end)
and not less In thickness and strength than above described.
Manufacturers or dealers intending to transmit such articles
by Parcel Post or as samples, In considerable quantities,
should submit a specimen package showing their mode ot
packing to the Postmaster at the malting ofllce. who will
see that the conditions of this section are carefully observed.
16. Specimens of diseased tissues, when carefully enclosed
In specially constructed double tin cases, closely packed with
absorbent matter, and with closely fitting screw i^ps, may
pass at Parcel Post rates, addressed to Provincial Boards of
Health and Public Laboratories.
17. The following articles in glass, viz.: Eye-glasses,
spectacles and microscopic slides, may be forwarded by
Parcel Post if put up In such a manner as to admit at once
of easy Inspection and to guard against Injury to persons
handling the malls.
18. Parcel Post packets containing anything ot a fragile
nature should be marked " Fragile with care " and parcels
containing articles of a perishable nature, such as fist, fruit,
meat, etc., should be marked " Perishable." Parcels sent by
mail should In a\\ casos bo substantially and securely packed
so as to preserve the contents from loss or damage and pre-
vent Injury to the mails. The Department desires to co-
operate with the public in seeing that special attention la
paid to the Important matter of packing, particularly with
regard to parcels containing matter of a fragile or perish-
able character or of a nature to destroy or Injure the other
3G1
rAXCEL r08T BEOl'LATIOKII
oonttnU o( tbt baia or ucki In which thcjr tre lent torwaril.
In order that proper precaution may be exercised In this
particular, peruna desirous o( transmitting articles by Parcel
Post are advised to consult the postmaster as to the proper
method of packing in all cases.
As the safe transit ot eggs Is a matter o( some difllculty,
shippers are advised to adopt the following method of pack-
ing: Lae a wooden, papier mache, or other box ot a rigid
material with a well-ntUng tightly adjusted lid; wrap each
egg separately in newspaper or other protecting material,
place the egts on end and nil up the vacant spaces In the box
with newspaper or other packing material, so as to prevent
the eggs from striking together or against the sides, top or
bottom of the box; mark the parcel eggs.
Parcels conUlnIng goods likely to spoil within the time
reasonably required for transportation and delivery must
not be accepted for mailing.
1». Postmasters must exercise the greatest possible care to
see that all parcels accepted for transmission by Parcel Post
conform In every particular to the requirements of these
regulations. This applies with special force to parcels con-
taining perishable goods or fragile articles.
20. Requests for direct return are recognized on Parcel
Post packets addressed to a place In Canada, and parcels
bearing the address of the sender may also be returned direct
after being held llfteen days. Parcel Post packets so re-
turned are subject to a charge equal to the original postage
charge. This charge Is to be marked by the office returning
the parcel and collected from the sender before delivery by
the office to which It has been retumeu, "postage due"
stamps for the amount collected being affixed to the parcel
and cancelled by the Postmaster.
21. After a parcel has been delivered to the person to
whom It Is addressed It cannot be returned to the sender,
unless the person retnmiiig It pays the necessary return
postage.
22. The Postmaster General reserves the right to refuse to
accept, for transmission by mall, grain or any other com-
modity shipped in excessive quantities which might Interfere
with the transportation of first class matter, or other articles
such aa those enumerated In paragraph 1.
3fl5
^^^^HB
^^^^Ib'
^^^^Hi'^iv
^^H
^^H
H
^''^t
■ M
K ^
CO
2f
<
0.
PABCEL POST
i
«
s
s
a
s
n
s
»
-"
-
^
s
s
3
3
3
8
s
s
""
i
«
s
s
S
3
S
A
s
-
i
s
s
s
8
s
s
s
2
3
s
3
K
3
p-
«
i
N
i«
3
a
3
K
(0
s
^
e
»
s
3
3
8
in
s
A
s
SI
s
H
3
S
•*
s
-^
s
00
a
8
3
S
CO
s
1
-*•
te
8
M
M
J
s
2
2
N
M
N
"
s
•
> •
a : S|
si a I
83 ag
a.- s a
^1 II
i I I
III
a .S a
1 a I
i I I
s s a
■2:1
go
1?
1^
I
1 1
■I-
PARCEL POST
I
O
<
0.
1
n
s. s
s s »
s
9
- -
i
R
« z
3 3 S
s 1
9
S 3 S
a
i
s
» s
^
»
s
-
3
i 1
X
is a
S 3 S
T!
K 1
it
^ 1
f
;! *
8 S 3
^
1- 1
8
^
i 1
N
S 9
H Z K
P
»
S
J!
Ji
9
8 ;«
:; 3 S
g
u:
8
3
^
8
M S
S 5 5
-»
S
i
e
S »
R 3 !!<
. CO
. 8
g
ft
8
3 A
» m ^,
0.
S
MM M
a
0
IS
S S
H
s
i
•3
°
3i
: » a :
1
i 1
II 1:
■is Eg
III:
.3 .a a i
i s "'■
ia B B :
-<
i^
5 2 21
i
1
1-
1* r
1 1 II
1 1 1^
s a
li
s a
a a
I e
367
PABCEL POST
m
g
Pa
{h
?
CO
2
.s
:,
^
H
*
y
»j
Qi
n
<
K
0.
S
A-
8
s
3
3 3 S
1
00
s
s
.76
.94
1.08
CO lS S S a
i
M
s
g
s
3
S
«s
3
s
o
?.
z
z
3
s
lO
S
s
s
!^
fi
s
^
s
•c
s
.^
g
00
n
s
3
s
«
s
i
s
^
(O
s
^
n
N
s
^
s
s
3 1
.sa
§•3
s ^
Eg a
13
I"
=1 "
St
368
g a
SI
if
i I
s a
•3 I
S o
9 ^
g es
■~"^
■^ ■■
PAUCVI, P03T
1 -
?3 S g g
•»
' ^
» ■
-
i
S S 3 3
3
e
a.
4
ffi
1
2 5! g g
Oi
i
g
O)
-S_.
2
I
1
S S S g
^
a.
s
ao
s ■ ■ "
a
S
g
1
3 S § S
•t
S8
. a
2
r* "
>
1
2 S S S
3
i ^
0
cs
d
o .~
CO
O
Q.
1
IB
_•*-
3
£ 8
s s ";
5 ^
H.
■a
1
§ Si S IS
3
"3 £
^
1
■*
8.^ ' ' ■
i «
1
1
o 2 k's
S
u -g
o
<
2
<
_s_ _ ■_■
ii
1 -
S 3 S S
w
a,
M
- -S_ ■ ■ ■
-^ £
a.
§
u
^
S S S 2
_s_ '_ ■ ■
w
rt "i
!J
nithin 20 miles'
le of mailing
beyond 20 miles bul
)Vince of Manitoba.,
in Ontario or
S
IJ
e4 o
d
0
5
a
<
o
1
3
a
'"a
g .s
^ 1
5 1
11
i
K
Q
5
iny post-office
including ;)la(
ny post-office
within thePri
ny post-office
Saskatchewan
ny post-office i
il
'if
i
&£
■^ < < •<)
<
369
— —
H
CO
O
O
0.
PABCEL POST
1
1 Si
S
s
S
s
ti
n
1 s
rH
1
1 s
s
3
00
3
S
o
1 3
«
i
00
s
3§
s
S
s
o»
i
«
i
iO
^
S
s
90
s
90
s
i
•*
s
S
3
?r
3
t*
8
i
1-1
§
S
S
3
s
!D
£
i
O
s
M
3
S
s
>E3
8
i
S
1^
s
S
3
§
•*
s
1
fe
ao
s
S
3
s
CO
s
J
s
-*■
2
s
^
a
CM
8
Ji
S
o
c>
w
M
w
-
8
III
a
o
1^
a :
CO
o
o
i
■c :
1:
s
s
5 :
S
£3 •
a
s *
m
S
f ^
II
sro
i
£
i
• d
S «
3 5
■2 §
Z K
i!
II
V o
a s
a "^
§ >!
in
O
_]
w
o
<
PARCEL POST
SI S S
8
i
S
S
3
2
3
%
9
s
-
h
00
N
OS
%
-
i
C0
S
s
SS
S
s
OD
%
i.
■»
3
cs
S
T
«C
t-
s
4
a
S
s
^
3
s
CD
s
i
e
S^
;;
z
lO
s
in
8
!^
s
S^
s
s
3
ss
-*■
s
s
£
00
S!
30
s
ro
%
i
g
3
<c
s
?i
s
M
S
ri
s
o
o
M
N
evi
8
15
2:
II
o o
J. J.
CO ca
s a
a m
£ S
§ I
f- ^
371
PARCEL POST
Hi
CO
O
o
Pi
<
0.
i ,
s
5?
3
s
3
8
S 1
»
-
00
M
90
us
CO
ss
s
Oi 1
s
~
i
2
;;
s
s
s
s
« I
S
^ S £ r:
i
S
se
s
5
s
S
"5
s
i
s
!S
s
S
3
9
"
s
J
g
ae
s
s
S
S
eo
s
J
s
•*
CO
s
N
^
N
s
s
s
«J
s a
.2a
373
5S
—
OS
1
e
1
A a
^1
1
1^
s s
^ a
s #
S ca
3 1
a =
J
POSTAL INFOHMATION
IT 18 WELL TO ''p^lJHE^rOLLOm.O SPErUL
POSTAL INFORMATION
POSTAL SEBVIOB OP THE WOHLD
Two-third, of all the letters which jam tlirouEh the nostnffl™.
Of the .vcrld are written by and sentl people whls^:!"!^
hah There are substantially 600,000.000 persons speakin^ „,!
loqu.ally one or another of the ten or twelve cS ^e L
COO prson., speak English. About ninety n,i lion jZk
Eussian, seventyflve million German, flfty-flvl million rreS
nlnZ ^T,"^'^' S;" "■" '^'^""^ Hun^rian, Dutch. Poli ,
P1em,.h, Doheman, Danish and Norwegian. Thus, wh le „„ y
one^uarter of those who employ the facilities o the po",,'^
departments of civilized governments sp™k, as their ,mtte
EnXhUntt"""''"'^"'''-'^""''"^--''-"''''"-'^^^^^^^^^^
This situation arises fmm the fact that so large a share of the
CO nmercml b^iness of the world is done in English, evn
among those who do not speak English as their native languLe
There are, for mstance. more than 80,000 postofflces m Uit
than SM^O^' """'; '" '"""' """ ■"P^^-t'Sregates ufore
tlian 300,000 000 parcels a year, and the business of these offices
« done chmny in English, though of India's total popuS
wind, .s nearly 300,000,000, fewer than 300,000 perLis eS
speak or understand English.
373
POSTAL INPOBUATION
Though tO.OOO.OOO spesk or undenitiinil Russian, the business
of the liusaian pout department in relatively small, the number
of letters sent throughout the czar's empire amounting to less
than one-tenth the number mailed In Great Hrltain alone,
though the population of Great Britain is considerably less than
one-half of the population of Russia in Europe.
The Southern and Central American countries, In which either
Spanish or Portuguese is spoken, do comparntivelv little post-
offloe business; the total number of letters ixwted and collected
a year in all the countries of South and Central America and
the West Indies being less than in Australia. Chile and Argen-
tina are, in fact, the only two South American countries in
which any important postal business is done, and most of the
letters received from or sent to foreign countries are not in
Spanish, but in English, German or Italian.
I I
POSTAL 8EBVI0E OF THB ITIRTED STATES
Tl» Orowth of the postal service of the United States is
amazing. In 1800 there were IK)3 postolHces, 20,817 miles of
mail routes and yearly revenues of 8380,804. To-day the post-
offlcea number over 74.000, there are over a half million miles of
mail routes, "id the yearly revenues exceed $143,000,000.
The postal service of the United States handles over 60 per
cent more mail matter than the postal service of Great Briton,
about 100 per cent more than the postal service of Germany, and
over 100 per cent more than the postal service of France.
Domeitic Batea of Postage. -All mailable matter to points in
the United States. Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii,
Guam, Tutuila. and the Philippines, is divided into four classes
under the following regulations;
Fint-OIus Matter.-This class includes letters, postal cards,
"post-cards," and anything 8eale<l or otherwise closed against
inspection, or anything containing writing not allowed as an
aoGompaniment to printed matter under tduss three.
Rates of letter postage, two cents per ounce or fraction
thereof
Rates on local or drop letters at free delivery offices, two
cents per ounce or fraction Ihereot. At offices whera there is
no free delivery by carriers, one cent per ounce or fraction
thereof
374
,!
:\
POSTAL INroIlMATlON
R«tM on pMtiil cards, one cent (douhle or "n.»l,r" ... i •
™.nU). Nothing „,urt be added or » tached^a r^^T' 7
except that a printed addre^ slip not Cer t,,J?, o i?^^' ^t
:fei :' ".t-t '° ""'' "■"» '~"™ Z^mce ' prr;:::
»-"y. notwithstanding tl,e special delivery stamp " ""'
£=j^---^-Xn:t;--a::!
80 they » ill bo sent to the Dead Letter Office- but thev will ,1
returned to the sender if he is located at the p^Ta „„
and f lusadclress be printed or written upon thenT ^'
or'^:::;^r;^itri;i:.c*^-:r;;r^^
copies seiarately addressed. t«enty identual
the'lnJcr'flT"'" ""'" •" ■""" ■"""''^) "•'■" "'= <■'"'""■" to
lue sender free, if a request to that effect is printed or written
::^rX7rp^d,"''*''°'"™"">"°' -'«•■' '"--■-■'-"■-
Prepaid letters will be rcfonmrdcd from one postolBce to
another upon the wr,.,ten request of the pen.,n addLUd witl.
375
1
II'" ■ !
i:,i-
POSTAL INFORMATION
<>ut iiJ.litii.nul clmrge for postage. The dlm^tlon on forwarded
lettera may be ohangeil as many times as mii.v he necessary to
reach the (lerson adtlremied.
iMond-Olui Matter. -Tills class Includes all ne«-spnpers, peri-
odicals, or matter excluaivcly in print and regularly issued at
stated intervals as frequently as four times a year, from a
known office of publication or news agency, to actual subscribers
or news agents, and transient newspapers and publications of
this class nmiled by persona other than publishers. Publica-
tions having the characteristics of books and such as are not
subscribed for on account of their literary merits, but because
of other inducements, are not eligible to second-class privileges.
Secondclnsa matter al.so includes periodical publications of
benevolent and fraternal Booietiea, organized under the lodge
system and having a membership of a thousand persons, and of
the bulletins and proceedings of strictly professional, literary,
historical, and scientillc associations and institutions, trade
unions, etc., provided only that these be published at stated
intervals not less tlian four times a year, and that they be
printed on and be bound in paper. Publishers who wish to avail
themselves of the privileges of the act are required to make
formal application to the department through the imstmaster at
the place of publication, producing satisfactory evidence that
the organizations represented come within the purview of the
law, and that the object of the publications is to further the
objects and purposes of the organizationa
Bites of Poitage to Publiahera, one cent a pound or fractional
part thereof, prepaid in "currency. Publications designed pri-
marily for advertising or free circulation, or not having a
legitimate Ust of subscribers, are excluded from the pound rate,
and pay third-class rates.
Second-class publications must possess legitimate subscription
lists approximating 50 per cent of the number of copies regu-
larly issued and circulated by mail or othenime. Unless they
do, pound-rate privileges are revoked or withheld.
Publications sent to actual subscribers in the county where
pubUshed are free, unless mailed for local delivery at a letter-
carrier office.
Rates of postage on transient newspapers, magazines, or peri-
odicals, one cent for each four ounces or fraction thereof. It
should be observed that the rate is one cent for each four
ounces, not one cent for each paper contained in the same
wrapper.
376
POSTAL INFORMATION.
CANADA
utter lUWf ko.
In Canwia or to th^ Urt la Statei or Mexico I VTiir
PHmU PMt Ca.di. -The face ot a Private Poat
B^J^^i^??.;.".'"' 'ir' °' " '•"' t loon li let
alont each o( tlie four aldee ot t)ie poataae ntanm and
> claw ipu. S( iTOhe. ten, aod 111 John .IjiSSn-S
CMd. Privata Poat Garda for tfellvery Ic Canada Ua
ft°0 "bVSl-liV""","' "<■',"• "" •"•n sTSh a
IB nnKtn by SJ InohM In width, Carria (or nihsF
SiT^'ffi n« eaceed .j inche. l" enS bj s
inchea In width, nor lie leaa than 4 Inche* In renirth bv
J InchM In width Ca„i. of dlm.naiona not oiZrnilna
£,l,?r. ,™"''''"«"" •" "eaied aa In.nlllclentlv pa 5
lettera If thej bear w ritten oominiinlcutlona.
Itau on Mdni, n,f.._Card. which hare the ba. k
S; JfiiUtSr.'""' ""'' "'"•■''■" «' "» front to the
caatmia, are admitted aa poat cat^a.
S;.u^ "S " "" !"""• "' "■•'""• <" Prtnled matter
KSiSCSXteTlS™. •"• »'"•»' "«"""»"
pr!S?fi.'J;SX^Ei'£Z'!'J'J,a'?rot™''"^
Fonign Co^tntriM, txetptUnitfd Statft and .Vtxico'
— PMUge on Uttere, 6 «nU for n letter weijrhinK one
T'J!!^,^}^^J[" MUti y\gMnH over one ounce
™,S^«iM 7"" *"'*'<'** '" each lubwriuent
ounce or Imction of an ounce.
vFu^i^^VJ^ ^'^".T^* •*** o" letters to the
United Staiei and Mexico l> the same lu in CanaJa, «nd
at leart one rate (2 centi) miwt be prepaid.
Double the deOclent iwstnite In churited on all unpaid
« Intumolently paid lettere (or other countriei except
Ibe Unltwl Statet. Only the defldent poitaice li m"
leetcd on overweight letters tor the ula. which are
prepaid one rate.
Kximu or Special Dtlxetry £«((«■«. -Arrange me nU
have been made for the delivery by special mMwnjter
dally, except Sundav between 7 ».m. and 10 p.m.fof
Itttert bearing. In addition to the usual prepayment ot
"V **'ii*?«*:L'"'"™'Ji," ®P«^'l "^""T ■**«? o' the
«?"?« ^ " "^ or orihiw-y pMtajje itampo of tfie value
of 10 OU., and thr words ^'Spwlal Delivery" leutblv
written on the upper left hand comer ot the envelope
addreeaed to the following cities in Canada : In OntaVld
-.Toronto. Hamilton, London, Brantford, Kinit^ton.
Peterbortf, Ouelph. Stmtford, Windajr. Chatham
ftjrtln, 8L Catharmes, Samia, St Thomas, Fort
William. Port Arthur, Owen Sounfi, Ntafrara FalU.
Brft:k*il!can-J Ottawa; in mitUN;-SI..ii(rcul. Sher-
brMke.8L H a. mthe.Troi. Riviires. Hull and (Juet)ec;
n NewBrunewlck— Sl John, Monc(*in and Fredericton ■
tii. ^1™ Scotia-IIatifan and Sydney ; In Manitoba-
Winnipeir and Brandon; In Saskatohewan-Reirina
Sailiatoon, and HooM Jaw ; in A Iberia -Calgary, Leth-
Charlotietown. The -Sji^dol Uliiery " .(M.p^he
K.illy lu^ld re)[l>terf.l letter* t>«aring "Special Oe-
it? I H «ir T °""""J' «»'"pi ot the vSue of 10
pt*.. ill adflitlon to the poilat-e oihI reitlatratlon fee and
he word. '■S,*t-ial IWIver,/' oZe under t^oUS?
tioiis ot thli erheme ot special delivery, ^
RoflatntlOB.
Per»oni post Inu letters containing v^ue ihould bt cu«.
ul to require them to lie Keglsier^.^d tS obUln hSSi
thePostmaater a certifi.ale o( receipt tor fUilMration!
Therljftrtfe lor Iteai^ralloii in addUion to^2pSS«i
I, on all viMiteM ol matter, five cents »«■«■■
Roth the Postage charHe and ItcKwtration fee ahould
in all cries, he prei>aiHl.y stamp. " nwsnouM,
Ketfisl ration is not an ul>«>luie guarantee against the
mi«-arriaKC or loss ot a letler ; but a RegliuTed Latter
^J"™!?"^*^ j^*'^? "" <^nf«K'«ered UUer can not. and
the posting and delivery or non-delivery can be proven.
Indtsmlty for lt«iiat«»d AitlolM.
D„mnHc - (1) In caw ot the lo«a In the PoMal Strvlce
of a wg sterwl article posted In Canada (or dellvtrv In
Cana.latheoddrewe.oratthere.i,.estotth««|dre2M.
the sender. Is entitled to ftn indemnity, which In nom
;^ ^'LfL^.^'':!!''-''''",''"":"'' " "'« «*"^ valuTo;
f* „^! a -^i'V."^ *""'S V"" '*" ""•• '• I'M than
twtnty.flve dollars, provided no other compensation or
reimbursement has been made thcrelor "**"'*"'"' "'
ii) The indemnity will l>e paid, provided the low Of
the regirtered article is reported to the Department
within one year ot the dale of p,w.ting, upon fecelpl ol
sworn stntPmci.ts ot the personH concern eJi— '^
.. I. (?' J*'*'' acconling to the best ot knowledge and
belief tho rcKislercl article has been lost In the malta.
(W M retrards the vtlut- of the oontents 0( Iht
lost registered nrtieie.
(c) as regards the ownership ot the same.
(J) No mdcmnity is given (or a reglsterad article
wl.ieh has not been entirelv lost in the nialli.
.1.*'' V,'"''P"'".'**'> '^'*''" '" "" 'rticle uponwhkh
the reghtration tee has nol Iwcn paid.
Dritinh and for^i^n.-Exceptlncascibeyond control
('..I/,. teni|R-<,t. shiiiwrech, earth<tiinl(e, and w«r). the
I osul AdminiNlrations of all counlries and Coloniee In-
eluded In the Postal LViiin undertake fo pay an Indcin-
niiy ot M francs (»Ui) when it U proved to their satis-
faction that a letter or packet duly admitted to Reds-
tration has been entirelv lost whilst to their custody
HowBpapen and Pertodicali.
The general poslagc rate on newnpipers and periodicals
publtshed \n Canada not less frequently than once a
month, and nrtdremetl to r.xuiar suhscribere in Canada
Memco. the United Kingdom, the Bahamas, Barbados.
Bernjuda, British 4Jiiian.i. llriHih Honduras, British
North Borneo, Ceylon, C>riu«. Falkland Islands. Fiji.
Gambia, Oibralt.ir, Hong Kong, Jamaica. I^ewafd
Islamls, Malla, Hauritim, New Zealand. Northern
Nigeria, Sarawak, Seychelles. Sierra Leone, Southern
Nigeria. Transvaal, Trii -l.id and Tobago. Turk's Islands.
Kanilbar, and Newfoui, .land, and to newsdealers in
Canoda, Is Dvivt by ],« at J cent per iiftund The
following exception, however, is to be noted ;' Newspautn
and periodicals published not tnort r-pquently than one*
a week and not lem frequently tha., «nce a month, are
entitli-d to pass tree lo regular subscribers and news-
dealers in Canada within a circular area ot SO miles In
diameter, having as cent-e either the place of puhllc*-
nSr. '-<~«l" o.n„,i „„ ,™. „„„ .'J'l'",
(MilnK »rdi, the manuwrlut irf houki nv ■■■■■■■■■■a
■■•B b* rtMl by th« hjlnd. lOtMkJcnhMi^lnlwi .^
..Un.,.Wk..NpM„„„,.ij'S^,55;,™',;J*~l'2j
•Id |»rtl>-printfd m^tur ;-»,i|iitriS''AT„l'irt»™
.... I«rtl>-print«d R _....„,
uitnwR ltlMlltc■t^ »M«n' luu.
roiu,r— ■ ■ ■ -^
EST;.".""'. "" '"' '"""I d.llv,r,- .1 pl„,
Tmulmt irtWBiMiiwn.
Si 1 '"* ''>'»»». Turk'. u.nd> o" Z.n. hir l";
"jj^b. pr.p.M lb, Mrowi., „i. b, pmI:;^
i» l."S l.I'.lff!''^'! "!i I«11«1W« not ,,„hll,hed
~lio" 1 iJ7i, i'°' " 't' ""SL""' P-lblJ,! muur
•J7~ ^' ' ""» P«r Y oM. wbt'n
Klnrioin Of Brttlih CoIooIm.
BookPo«t, Jw,
boJi?"i.i!!s'3 H'y K?';"'^ ""* """'" «' "i*""
l« «;n-,.i?^ . "''irbt for domrat],- post. 5 lbi(un.
Jirj!3.3?ffi5-„;Kf^r:ii^:„";,rr;:''-
J_^'««Pondence paMiiiK between blind
jjjjjj- jJJJd cbmctert l> oUntaU. nt the nti or
**^ J^.i* B<tok Pwiliels for delivery in Canwla.
Caruin MUotlUutotu lUttar.
b«S™"i;™,'"ii'"i,''"f'!'~' " »"*'■ ">w pu.
in,^«!I !; J .?*' ™"' *"* fo'^arded t,> the United
fiStiT, .J" °^" ""ntrie. bj Book Po« i_
in pnnt without reference to procees euch as rir , <■
printed tomii. nupe, print*, drawinire. p ant (Soft
flSSi'K^'^i^*, '" Wntltie-.thee.'S™;
|>bMlm prinud or wrilton) Inatructloo boobi In muMo, I
i..™,,,«u,wdin»,,ijsr.;„";;':i!VS^
i,iiK™.K?rvr"™' fp"""" f" ib» ui» of tb.
m,..^" ""?'*''*'" "'W^oitnlied Inelitutlon t„r tba
mind In Uaii«to to Ulln,| peViin. for their Siu-u
.llo«e,|iopo<,atther.teVf 1 ...lit lor eSrr<\^,;
frmion tbereoli but belbr. am In.lilu'S *.?T««
..leh paper at 111, al„.e rate th. Port l«ll";S;ii"iS
aliHt.»amu.t bemihlW .. t« |i. claim to be ran
.idereil an In.tlluiioii I„, ibe niind. i» b. eon.
,a.l *^' ".' *'.''•' communifTtiion Intendeit to aene
the purpo«i ot a kiier mu.t he ,.ni or lnclo.«) li, JJJ
*iae «o put up aa to ailinlt of the contenta belnv if
iiece..,,,,. eaalij withdrawn for e.anilnuion liv hi
om,.e„ „ the Poat i)m,.e to en.u" S'p™„„' wM
ihi. p,o.i.lon (, eiKiioaeil iii aeal«l eoreloji n"t,S
™., .' . "' ■"',';",■ "" •'"■ "" ~'ner. oSt o«, eltS
rate ,>( iioatafte will U chaived).
No racket of niieevllaneoua matter can be tnnimlttad
h, mall If It ei,:,rt. s Iba. In w,l,ht, MliSilT InTnJth
lenirth and ainh of any packet exceed « feet.
tw<^57..^."^?"'""'*LP'P*" ireberally are liable to
ih'Xml'nilS'a'nU."'" '^'^ '"' ^'""^ """»
3rd and 4!h claaa matter, adtlrevied to placeewlthln the
^iii if^V^'T" '""" """'•'• «» delivery to him
tbrooith the Poet once, of the lull amount of poitaire U
which the article waa in i be a rat place liablerTwher
wlib any cba™ rated thereon on accou« ™ any
deilciency in the oriitinal prepayment. '^
BntUh and Fonlfn Poit-OoiDiiOTeua Fapan.
'■Cnmmcrci.tl Papem ■' are undentood to coinpriac ..Jl
paper. or dauiuent. wrtllen or dn.n whollTof prnlV
of i^SL'ilZi '"'"'"" conmiunioatloiia of the natuii
oi leiieraorother p^."." "--' •- ' —
acter ..f an actual:
- ...... 9 u. ..u,,Riiuiiicatioiia oi ine nature
f r Dapeia or dociimenta havlna the cbar.
m^n'i.-yw T" "'1 P""""! """Pondence). docu-
ments of eifal pwicedure. deed* drawn up by public
unci onar,™. copie. of or extract, from .Qa V.„d,r
private ecal andlwheth.rwritten or printed ouitamSrt
and other doounicnta of a meicaniile character, docn.
E?o^ Z"'""'''.""' ,°""; P""" rompanie., all
kind, ol manuwinpt music, the manu.; ript of book.
orlrtnal n irpi„ and pupils' exerriws in orimnal and
corrected form but without any comment on the" oX
iirj^ - . ■ ^^"^ P*' ^ °"- '""t e«cb packet must
bave a minimum prepayment ol 5 oents ; ihl, prepi;.
«»7 „ii i. '^ '." ""> direction unices in the 'orm
; .iiwl' "!;"' ' '•"/"■ °' 3" '"tii" i> «ii»»«i p™
weiKht vAikt not exceed 4 lbs. c oss.
SamplM within the Dominion.
_aD!p.r= r.( M-Miaraiirc and Oootts tor wl« not
havinj salealile value and not exceedinit 1 II,.. in .riaht.
exceM samples ol tea, which mu.t not e.cenU™ |„'
weijht, may be poal«l m Canada, to be lorwanlM to
t |N»lair«, prw'tflfit at
ft-MU In MMllhin to ih« pwiafc nit.r*Mt t,
Otliet lot
™wre.'*tt'ta',,^',.s:'.'.?'fj''i'~ "'""1- >? 'K^
»kM auah ptchit
rcfntraUoii.
~JJ«1 In •uch . „„„„ n., ,1,., „^, J. ,,^||^-
n^IHF "^ "•>* nlmlMibl* At Hinpla nt«
»ir°£iu ".hl'H.r"..".' '" """tlon M ". inl.r, ho..
if iSl'uD''™»-|,'.M;; r^. "^r"" '■L""" '" ^»" Dominion
II put up cftraiully In itrct aocorduic* with tK* d »..
STt'te '" "" '■"'•' "■"^ -S^.Sn.t!;.'! .T;
•uapiu rot vnitiit iiiifdam. vdimi natM
and FoMfn CountilM.
f»iw,— loBnlperaoi. Of (raetonof foi. with k mini
SMnplM ol liquid!, o t. kUm, ato »« •dmlttPH «
with th« direction! Riven In th« PocitU Guide.
Prohlbltad ArtlclM.
All •xploaive, (tangiroi;
glMi bottle* or Klau in ktiy
" ' ' ipcedfy
■■«■ oottiM or Kliu
ftll matter •iibjvct t
)r deatnictiva nibatwicM,
form liable to break, and
d«.«y, all otMcene or im
»';oV.rs;r;r;,t^ ,'ssss-j "'«"- '°
VHftU HIIU.
p^ffi'tilJ '" '•"I"'"' l"'t""- TntnuoLl money to
PoitAl Notei or Money OMen. Mfthe compbint/ana
S™,.. ';"'"'■ "1 '"m"! corrapomleou to
fo tZ P».,^'..1'~^°' """'"'" ''•'""^ ''"'"■ 8«n5
to tne PoitmMter.Oe(ieral envenpei ol lettera about
i^ S'-K'" r,',' '"<r.""'°" " "»»• comiWnt In
r™. f '".."? ?''' "" """ ol the Ciunt, .n,l
.^T™ S," ^'''l"l• "?" >d<lre»ed I. loe.t«l. pEJ
SSr'pMi .»„'''"'"'"'"' ""•" °°""' »' "■• "I'lni
u..;. .1 '""' "*" "*"'* »"'• l"'l "rfdrew In or on
letter, to Innirv return i( it cannot be ileltvered In
!«»;' K!"S' •'•■"?• mol-ten the en.ei, »,i ili
be remo.S '" '" ""'■'•""' "» no™ H apt lo
Fannii Clui luttar.- (KtratauiIlM).
tof^Ki; pSie^'/uSr Th',,'XS'"eo'^pK
•umlnatinn of (^nirntii >i>rf »....> '
jS;i';'..o,Vth"e'iZ:n.ia,J»j,K"«
tenUol iuVh biiet^f .? ..''"'''■'■ ''f •• the eon-
'•"I or .lip oiK,, il nJ ,„!f CT'""' " •"<'l°" •
•llr«tlon. lor VlirX'lKi™ . ' ."""" """"T
•rliel. or .rllel™o„,XjlnTh. ,,.';:"""!' •< ""
be When no. u, .b,™ ,£ prMl™'. K SSreSlSl"^
Etei' Kin'ar'nJv;-' H'{^r* "-
-b« n,l,ht iSler : bi .^ta ,1*' "'■'™". Into
5^tiri?!t:'SHu««^^^^^^^
FKMi rm Witt a, oniwd lumon. n*.
•»4 rmtni Couitnai.
■In!^ '^'! "^ 't e>chan«Ml .lib the United
Wsah^otiar rh^^r.•,;°ts.s;i"^
.tin,™.'" "'"' ""' >- '""' P"P«I1 'y PO«Ht
Kin Jjill""!"'"."" °' ' ■■*"«' •>l'l""ed to the umud
Sh wu;\„^eh"i ,vssToV.'.nS
oiviiaa, eta The djnienijona of a Parcel addiMwi b>
r? 2. t 1 '" '".'"' "' "«" '" "Mth ordeJSr
m ih^ rS^r'lL?" "i"^" • I'tter or an, SlUnt
ir'da'n?e™u:'.'r,a"''" ""' '""-"•• ™*"«l*f
p.Jh^"an'?5Sd""" " ■™"" "^ «"— Mr
»i^h ?!;'"• "I""'' *?■■ "» °"'» •» 'orwaideU » put ™
r,L„.S: 1" ' """It? r^nlred In conneetlon .ItCihS
tranenilMlon aa lamplee In the ordinary maila. Fn^
artlcleartioold be packed .lib ipeoMtaS^ ^*"
«. Each Parcel muat be plainly directed, and auoh
P*iwn for whom the parcel la intended — « wa
T. For each Parcel the tender muat All up a Ouatana
KiS 1 .1 'i'! " 'J* "ntent, and value WlB
Tr ^' ''V'J"'*'i™thereof..ith,l„,atureai»ipla«.
of abode of the «!nd,r. The Ouejome DedaStlS SS
Parcel! from the United Kingdom or any other plaoa
be.;pnd Jhe Dominion »ill be liable to OanilE"iS2
dntiee, and under e«l.tlnit repdalloo. muU be eiaml^
for the purpote by an Officer of the Cuatoma fn tta
enK l"i^Tor£"^ "•'• «" '^'*' »"«•■ -
.i,!?K".'i.'""'I.'*j''"'''i " "" ■"oetmaaler; in nixaaa
ehould they be dropped Into a letter boa or aSH
receiJtacle for mail matter.
Cemmleeioaj on JToaev Ortf^a
m'
» " *i. » •■ I •■ n ■■ m.M "
iSrSli^ '■"'"'. '■•Wiwmllwit. UM irnlUd RMm. or
j2^ 111. n«tiii».»«»,iio,«,. .„ i^u, S!rSi,~,
»"■;, ™,",r"' " "" "* "r b« H"« - tt. ».
rmiNmiM, tt tha ralM of omn.nWon diowii halo* :_
1:5
*A(ltM (AraUa». ""
!*W«. It (Oer. tVw^lofu).
lAhkM^ MotithWut (U.r
wn ProtMlontai).
|Afrl« WmI (CvMraoni,
'Andaau
'Aittfolk.
For MUM not nefg. fB.
?il
[MwMWfM,
jjIMWlTIIritllll
f"*-""'— Htlimiw m
Thitrh Kmi indiM,
JVwulni Itlwd.
^Jl lllanda.
.1,.. Ai «/;S I rp,r..ffi'.'-rr,^„
,J'.^J!"!r','r'*i'"'!p'» ■"•St
fSS?- /H,"',' "Jf^" ■ """"n K-plr.,
•Md«^KmM<Mn);||er.
RaUoM : EbMJM ; Sun.
wvn i gu Gtovuiil dl
llMhitt; SftnUquumnU
OratMHAlbMk); TmW.
Hmimm.) ^
Auctnlk (gommonWMltb).
BMUtOlMld.
*B«TtKhlitM).
Btnyul (Ti1|mU)l
mtW) BMhUMMlUHl.
•Britfah Cantnl Atrin.
■Britldi EmI Afritt.
*Br1tU) UorKturH<Be1lt«}
*Balff«rta. '
Ov«olOooclIIOM.
■OuiMrooru mmI Toro,
;OBMVrKl*I«lud?
IgM^iB* If. (0«r. Pro.)
CAathMn Iilftmb.
•Chili.
|OmW> Fro* Stet« (BMuuia,
*CaM*Rln.
"CjFpnw. I
■DanUh Wm* rndlM. |
Darrlancilci. via hruice. i
Otnintrh, inoludinir lof.
Und Mid Pkro» lalanda. '
Oaniiu South W««t AMoi.
'Olbrftltkr.
•OoW CoMt Colony.
■Oracet.
IliliKoUnd.
HcrMgovlM.
Horimnd (NfthartMd.),
■llonduraa- lUpuhHr.
HMf Koni, InofudV Amoy
CMton,rta'ohaw, Huih' w
Hoih'w, Ninnm, Utt.
Swftlow, Shuif h*l.
flunffwy.
•IndU(Bril'h),»iid«,r«nc|«
»tAtten,b«rd»d.Bfthr»ln,
BMoorkh, Uunder Abbu.
Bumwh, Btwhlre, Qtia.
dur, Juk, UQtfk, Uo.
Mmnwrah, Muooat and
Pondlchcrry,
lUIj-.
J«Mn. Mth xrenole* at
ChaiiKaha, Chetoo, Chlo-
■■*»■;, lluiifchow, Kin-
•ilaiK. KMikinj, New.
chanif. Pekin, ShMho,
oooihow, Tl«iiUin, Tona-
hu, Wuhu. "
Konw (Pimm, Chciiiulpo.
Cninnunpo, KunHui.Ha-
3l"th2? *^"*" **" """^
■LabuAD.
f Ladrono Uland*.
•IJl>erta.JlcpubHcof.
Loronao MarqaM.
"LuJtoinbtirK.
■Hadvlra.
^Halta.
low lovlk WalM
KowIwIawJ.
•"•■wta-Noitlitni,
>HI«orla-aoHtlMr«.
'Noftk Bomoodwkl, U-
KorwM.
KevtlkMr.
Oraag* Rlvir Coloay.
!j£«»(BHtkkA«w«V
^kwfwPalaoDWMda
narfajB btoiKta.
•Poru.
'Portufkl.
■POftntruMo QoiBoa.
*PartnirtMw India,
QowmUnd.
OltMdMia.
I (')•••
aerr-
"^•^JW*** ItonM OpAtn witb tko eo
wbjort, thof^bn. to a Snn ■hft
^1 J'*r!K ■•*• *^ *•" *«« - -
KlvWnf Ordm an ; -Sd. frrwma not hmoiIIm JL
and Bd. tor oaoh 4^ lor fnetSSrSt^lSSSSJS:
I Th*t«cihanfowittiUoaMnMmlaoUAMtrla.wluna
to KO erowM and IW holton fmi SOOtoW^M
I Tbo oxehann with tho oouatrloi naitid UiwmL
.jb«.m«,. a i o« o« por o«t. on th. .««», „
1 TlM •Kuhanffa with FlnlMid la thrauch $wadaa whaaa
a daducllao oil pa, oaot. la «adaSa^.3iS*Sr
I Thaaioliaiiia wtth aoootilaa narliad Uoa ||) k Km
, SStK.ifaK.'SSS.J- '•"«" '~ •»•
"SrassiMr '■ *""'"'' "«•'«-*
tlDaduoUon will ba aiada bf N.w Soulli Walaa ol M.
'"aa^MorliaoUoimiaraol. ■" " •»
JHHiay Ofdara on tka abova oountriaa ata drawn In
Canada Cnrranajr. Tablaa ahowlai Ua anna nyMa
danomlnatloo, nill ba foond l-^ — *»•■■"»»
•Kalajr SUlaa
Hanrlinil
.. .""™> "'" nowin wajw, AMoiaiiia, naw ^nHan
"^tW,B«hadoi. D.m.^T2!^a^ lSiS?nS
Trinidad. T^baw, Turk! Iil»Dd..Qronada,lltLaotK.
Vincent. Orange Rlv«r Colony, and tbk AiuS.^
whew pay w«nt will b. made in SlwUnfMoMi^ "
J <. d.
0 10
HBiii-niirla.
'Manchuria. Northern.
fUarianne lalanda (Kcapt
OuamX
*Manball lalanda.
'And twoctntiioreaph penny tomako up IbiVumiwiutowt
PUBUO STATUTORY HOLIDAYS IN CANADA.
OKTAIiro,_»um),,., Ktw Ymt-. Omv n«ri v.m..
~- "<1 ui' Duailiiloii iMlhUr KM I
Oovtmur g
tlunhatlvliiB,
rludid tn tKli
Itii l.lmt.ninl.Oo.tmor u • puUlo holkUr m m.
KOVASTfyriA _■..»•._ fi..^_-.j - . . r^
""J.Kl^'E?*— ^.""''•'■' '" Yurt D«. Good
ntdfj. CkrMmu Ou, Dominion D», flMurin tuT
•«nl<Io,«iio, „ , p„bli. hnlku,. 0, 1™ ."J^
■onnmuio honour .lihliiili,i.„,i„;""™~
MANITOBA.— ■undtii, New Ynr>. n,.. q-oh V.4.U..
I* Si. IW ' ■ ""I '" J W»"'»l™ koiW^r o^lotadS
SlJir 2i »f 1,'lS'r' •'» p^to'tio" i« ;
aASKATCHKWAN.- Suic u Aibrrw.
SALESMANSHIP
SALESMANSHIP
sun ill the »rt of selling goods has been reduced to a sci-
ence and sch<«,b for teaching this new science of "sale .
manship /' as it is called, have been established at New
York, Chicago, and other large cities in the United States
by Mr^o^hf Tl^-'^^l *""™"'^ instrnctions, drawn' up
ny Mr, John A. Howland, on experienced and successful
:ntr„";n"' ""'"'■V,'",--f"' ""dy by those a W to
far failed of th""™ '%',;*'' T"^ "^ """^ "'«' '""'' ""•»
ttirtslnl'cL^r^ "'' "'""' '" """^ '"''-^ »P'»
m^e' f fir °!'™ ,?»'?'»"' ""■«■■ appears to work hard to
make a sale. Usually he is not a great talker. It i, the
clerks m cheap stores who talk hard and fast; they hustle
tobrorh .T." '"'•'''"."' "' "" ™™" ""■' custom'^.rs and
to browbea them into buying. The first-class salesman is cc^I
knows just how to proceed to make a sale. The great talker
may be a good salesman, but he chooses the hardest road
and necessanly accomplishes less, since he spends too much
energy on each customer.
Method N«!e«i,^._The salesman who wants to pass every,
body on the road must have, either consciously or uncon-
sciously, a definite method of procedure
JbT,^. Pn>"«d.-Before trying to sell anything find out
what he person can buy. When a man ha, told you jus
what he wants he has committed himT,elf and he has given
you a distinct advantage. In business it is the effort of elch
man to make the other man "come to him," and as soon as
material style, pnce, etc.-he hos "come to you;" all you
have to do IS to fill the order. If you can do that ther fs a
^1 fZT V7' T" '■"" "^ ""'^ ■»"« his desires and
agam try to satisfy them in the required article
IUiirtr.tlon.- Suppose, for example, you are selling subui-
382
SALESMANSHIP
ban lots on s commission. You bo out on tho *,.;„
morning; perhap, you ,ot to talking tn The tr^'^Hh
«.me of ,„ur firm's prospective customers. Don't U 15
random; try to draw ont your man as to what Is wants
how much he can pay, cash or in payments. All tl,rvou'
learn about his business, his experience or lack of i T„ ^ea"
estate deals, his income, his savings, etc., is lust so mm.h t,
your advantage, because, with all tf is info^J L„ bZ him
and h.s wants, you can pick out jnst one lot and, i-norl aU
he rest, spend oil your time and energy talking up^^s merite
If you proceed skillfully you will not have to ask im for a
dcpos, ; he will probably ask you to accept o^e. If he does
not gc as far as this you have nothing for which to bW
rrakingTsr ""^ '■""-'■^ *"<' -'^ ^"-^'-^'^^
Showing Ooodi ^ E«idom.-ror you as a dry goods clerk
U> bnng out goods at random, without fl,.t ascfrtinlnV " t
Tack of nter" ™ T "T '""'' °' """'°<' ""d ">efc ore
tM "'"■*• ^™ ebamea to one you will not strike
what the person wants. You have, therefo^re, pTa ed yo ™e^f
at a disadv-antage at the outset, lowered your ow diS
and lessened the value of your judgment in the eyes of you
tapatlnc:.'" ""'°' ■"" '""' ■'^ '' "^ '"'- "-" O-P'-y.
How Some Sale, are Lo8t.-I£ y„u firet find out what a
,«rson wants and can pay for, you escape the serious danger
of showing the prospective purchaser something he or she
will want but cannot pay for. Many a possible sale i, lost
no intention of spending more than .$12, she may be so
pleased with the more expensive article that nothing cheaper
will suit her. But she is nnable to buy the .$30 ha" the™
fore she hesi ates long and finally leaves the *„p v thout
bu.v-ing anything. If you had first found out that sh e"-
Tu't of 117 °". '' *l^' '■"" "■>''" ■■"•» ^"^^ ">e $3U beautiis
°1« sale *Th" • ""u'l" ?f' ''''"^"^ >>" """l -'""Pl^""'
n,e sale. This is a kind of failure that all successful sales-
men must carefully guard against. Even if you should at
383
ril
■1^
SALESMANSHIP
Inst bring the woman who admired the $30 bat to the point
of buying the 112 article she could pay for, you would have
w~sted time and energy that you might easily have saved.
Importance ot Ooncentrati(in.-Another advantage in first
flnding out what your customer wants is that you can talk
so much more forcibly than you can if you scatter your
eSfoits. Suppose you are selling men's shirts and you say
Here's something nice at $2.50." The man seems to like
that; he picks it np and looks closely at it whUe you dilate
on Its good qualities. A minute later he says: "Well I don't
want to pay more than $2.00." All you can do now is to go
back to the $2 line and say: "Well, these are nice, too," etc.
Weak, isn't it? After committing yourself in favor of the
more expensive grade of shirts, you have discounted before-
hand all you can possibly say in favor of the $2 article. If
you want to talk effectively and convincingly, you must con-
centrate your attention on the one article the man can pay
for. *^ *^
If this rule of first flnding out a customer's wants were
atnetly adhered to, think how much time would be saved
from those terrors of the dry goods clerks, the women who
are merely amusing themselves by fingering piece after piece
of goods. Many times if sneh women were directly and cour-
teously questioned they might admit at the start that they
only wanted samples. By further inquiry as to color, weave,
price, etc., think how quickly one could get rid of them,
without giving offense, either.
Mnch Talk Not E«iiiiied.-Beside8 the direct saving in time
and energy you can effect by first getting a customer to state
his wants, you save yourself a large percentage of effort and
nervous strain by the procedure. After you have produced
the article the man has asked for, there isn't much more for
you to do; a few judiciously chosen words of admiration
and encouragement at most. The man who has thought out
his method beforehand does not need to make any great
cfort or talk much in order to make a sale.
SeU, or Know Why Ton raa.-It is, of course, absolutely
impossible to make a sale for every inquiry, but what an
immense satisfaction it is to know accurately— aa you can
8HIPPINQ
know if j.„„ („„„„ ,his method-just when the failure ,„
make a sale was not your own fault and just when i^re"
suited from jour own carelessness!
Vour confidence and consequently your effectiveness con-
stantly increase as you reduce your work to a systematic
procedure. You always "know where you are at," yorcaa
note your own progress, and there is with such a metliod far
less cause for possible discouragement. There is nothing so
helpful as knowmg the cause of each failure you make: for
If j™ know your weak point you can guard Hgainst it next
o„??vh?!* ^•y-T'''' '"»"i™« ™thod of always finding
out «hat a prospective customer wants before taking v„„r
saTesml^. " " "" "'"^ """" "■ """"«' » ^''"y ««h ''"^
SHIPPING
Shipping is the transporting of goods by water. Shin-
owners are common carriers, those who send goods are shi^
peis. Owners sometimes charter their vessels to others, wl^o
then as charterers take the owner's place
hey have to be cleared at a custom-house. This is done bv
heshipper fl hug out and swearing to what is called a ship
p.rs manifest, containing a description of the goods shipped.
ln!s. "^ " " ^™° "" *'PP" "* '" '"'""d '''■iP
owl^'^f '* ^^ '' " document delivered by a master or
owner of a vessel, or the officer of a transportation com-
pany and signed by such parties as an acknowledgment
Ti uJ'^" """^ ^''^ received for transportation.
The bill constitutes the contract between the shipper and
the earner. Three copies of the bill are made out; one is
Z?*< •^' 'h^ shipper, another by the party transporting the
goods and the third is sent to the person to whom the goods
are directed.
When one of the bills has been used the others become
.Old. The master usually makes certain exceptions in writ-
ing; as, contents unknown" of loose goods; "not ac-
3,15
SHIPPING
countable for leakage or breakage" o£ liquidn in bottleg;
not accountable for leakage" of liquids in casks; and
pieces in dispute," if the shipper's list of articles differs
tiom the shijj's account. The master also makes notes of
any goods which seem to be in bad condition, lest he should
be compelled to make good or pay for any defect, as the
bill ot ading begins by stating them to be "shipped in
good order and well conditioned."
TraMfer of BiU of L»din».-The bill of lading stands for
the property itself, and carries ownership with it The
consignee upon receiving it becomes the owner of it and
can assign the bill ttf lading and, of course, the right of the
goods with it to another party.
aUp's M«nlfert.-With the aid of the manifests fur-
nished by the shippers the ship's master makes out the
ship s manifest, containing the name and tonnage of the
vessel, the place to which it belongs, and the name of the
master, besides a regular list of the ship's cargo, giving the
mark and number of each S6para*e package, the names of
the persons by whom the different parcels of goods are
shipped, and those of the persons to whom they are con-
signed, and a specification of the quality of the goods con-
tamed m each package. This manifest must be signed by
master of the ship, and he cannot clear for a foreign pori
without it. Within a certain number of hours after arrival
at any port and before "bulk is broken," this manifest
must be delivered by the ship's master to the customs offi-
cer of the port.
Lorn or Injury.— As common carriers, owners of vessels
or charterers are responsible for any loss or damages of
(he goods, whether caused by negligence of agents, master
or crew on the voyage.
But, as on land, there are exceptions, namely: Carriers
by sen are not responsible for damages which occur through
some extraordinarj' peril of the sea, such as storms or
piracy or fire at sea and in certain other ways
Oesaial A»er«ge.-A loss occurring to the cargo when in
order to save the ship in a stonn a part of it must be
thrown overboard is called General Average
The law is that if any part of the vessel or cargo is vol-
untarily sacnflced to save the rest, all the ownerfof Jth
interest" -"^ "'"" **" "" '"' '" P'-Porti™ to their
Three conditions, however, are necessary to make it a
general average: 1. The sacrifice must be necessary. 2
It must be made voluntarily. 3. It must succeed, i. e., the
rest of the vessel must be saved.
Sajyage relates to property abandoned at sea. Any one
saving property which he finds abandoned at sea is enti-
tled to large compensation for his services. This compen-
sation 18 called salvage and is intended to encourage such
services, which are usually attended with danger.
The amount of salvage varies according to the difficulty
and danger and may be one-half of the value of the ves-
sel and cargo saved. All who take part in the rescue, mas-
ter, crew and ownei, share in the salvage, n aid U ren-
dered to a vessel in distress salvage is allowed.
rorm of BUI of Luuig
iii.inn~i 1. .. .. ''™ ^"'' December 10, 1904.
Shlppal in «»<»1 ortep, .„d well oonaitloned, 6, J„,„„ c. Uwto-
OB board the Bhlp aoml^pced . .
Marked .. toUowai whereof CTo.. Bolli,^,'
mr;:;er- if„r""' -' 'TJ-r '°'* '-''''^
'^'^ and bound for the port of
h.ln. ^..y.^ „ ^ "" ■'"""■'■o 600 barrel, of tlour,
In the like order and condition at the port of Bio ja„ciro
<tbe flansor. of sea only ejcepted) unto Sjlteslcr elude
cL^'„rZZ'^ '". " ""' '"•"°* '""*" '" "" »'" ""•=. «ti.' to
centa primage and average accustomed -
In wltnea. .hereof I have afflnned to three bill, of lading all of
«1 ,0°;. '■ °°' °' """" '"°' ""■"P"'"- ".. o<>.0" d
Contenta and weight unknown. ■"""' "• '"*°'°"-
lln «e above farm, HaMor, i, the Mppcr or consignor, nsfde the
fZt™; 'ZT'rt ""' ""■'"• " •»""« "' """'^ 61/ rt/mL er
(Bollmani inatead of ty Sandford.}
387
C2|.j^y^...Oomml«oB "^
nmnPtom.
{■"T'"' Invoice.
>if InTolce Book.
•"* (Initant) The I
, ent month.
.IneolveDcr,
Joto Bene) Tek«
IWnit dalno-
S-i!;; Oulwud lanlra
ftjS":: &5!:_. IBoot
»»::...,
/Vrcrar
r^cl. ....... .(^
p . w hundred.
S-..f.:::;:.:Sg"^'«'
^w* Pnmium.
"<»■ (PK^mo) Tlie next
Pt....
P.C.B.
JImX ..
«.«...
^■^.•.■.issaL
»«■'" :;?S3!^%io iMt
•'•• {Vw3ice«) To wit;
nemely.
Ki;.v.v;.:.-Ss:'>*»^
• ..Doner.
{ Cdnte.
J ■ ; ■ &SS?" S""""*
" "'At.orto.
-Percent.
■Aooount.
. .^« and 1 (ourth.
. .One and 3 fourtlu.
■OiMwd a fourtlu.
1
PART xn
Swindling Schemes Exposed,
Trusts, Monopolies, etc.
I) tfri
f\
ALLAN PINKERTON
•n. c J tlniirNt SaKUfiims Tactful
■WINDUNO SCHEUU
■■WABl or SWtMDUUU
SWINDLING SCHEMES
BarnuTi, the great American showniBii. speaklns from
ebundanoe of experience, declared that "the American people
lilie to be hnmbagged." He might have gone (artlier without
departing from the truth and added, "and they are the easiest
people on the face of the earth to be awindled."
Tlie millionB of dolUira that recently have been paid to persons
conducting Tarious fraudulent "get-rioh-quiok" schemes in all
parts of the country, prove this to be true beyond question.
Rich and poor, wise and otherwise, have all alike been duped by
these pretended money-making schemes.
It is important, then, that every one should be on his guard
against fraud, and the following brief words of caution should
be ever kept in mind:
391
_*
nriNDUNo scHxim
th. mu who pnmt. to you . Meulnglr pkilbl. ^mf J«i
tl«t p»,po« in vtaw do- « ,n hU own Into^t „d „™:jl^
H»w,n»l^ 'He*!. I win, toll, you low." ""yoiOT.
». Put not your oonflJenm in .Imnser^ npMlmllr If Ton n
money in ,„ underhand or di.honor.ble 4ni..r. Moit^^
th«t go wool-g«thering rome back fleeoed "^^
^lurt ;"ur7tW„t' ' '**"'^'' °""' •"""■ " '• '"■• *-"»«
8. Never .ign your ume to any writing until rou are mrhl.
.ll , ^""'",°*"""*""«"-- Bj'™«'<xtlngloob«^«
».,f .?"""!.""''' °' "" "'»'"'■'« "<">•"« here deKribMl win
put the re«l,r on hi. guard .gain,t being def niudriS .itart"
•«ned money by unprincipled .harpen.
TBI "OSSDr OOODS" IWIHSLI
thll^n'' ' '"'""" "^ ""'''' "■" "rtidlem «,t upon the theorr
t^T^ "i""" ""°'"'" »" '-> "«" York City, and f«m
there they wnd out a typewritten letter to. bu.in«. mw^
counterfeit money 1. meant. No name i. dgned to the let™
...i?*:? ^ "°"° responw to the letter a woond btter i.
n»fled to the Intend victim, and e„clo.«l with it 1. wtat ^j!
pert, to be r dipping from a newspaper, giving an account of
^e govern „t pl.t«i having been^olS trLli^^^^^
Department at Waehington, and money printed from thwuS
Pjwed In circulation, and of „ perfect a char«,ter that tt.
oetween It and the genuine money. In this letter the pnw-
■WINDUNO KIIEMU
™™i ni« pwkage be flnd^ to hfa amMement and ■orraw
plain tTujtSttSSL f^hi ^ M " 'r.'" "'° P""""" •» «'"'•
THUIOABDMOlm
393
■WINDUNO BCIIUUi
UMaMthkUnw bnttlw two^po*. H* thonght Iw kiwir tor *
ewUlntjr Jiut wh«« tlw m wm »U tlw Unw brauu* h* had
notiaad that oam oonur of tliat oard wa< lUghtly tarnad up,
whioh (act ha thought Um •harpar had telM to ofaMrra, hot
whioh Id truth waa tha rarj halt aat bjr tha iharpar to oatoh tha
(adgaoD. At tha propar momaat ha daftly tnmad op tha oomar
of anothar card and imoathad down that of tha a«a No ona
•houM arartrytobaatthla gama, u tha iharpar alwaja "wtaa
ODk"
Thii gama abo oiualljr li workad at oonnty tain, and, Ilka
thna card monta, Ita niooen depend* upon alaigfat of hand
deoeptlon. Thna half ihalli of EngUih walnuta and a Uttia ball
of hard rubhar or celluloid an uaed In working tha gama. Tha
•harpar rolla tha ball around on a box or hairal head, and ooran
It Snt with ona ehell and than with aaotbar. "Plok out tha
•hall tha ball la under and jou gat Are dollan," ha laja Aooo-
fadanta itandlng near replies: "I think I can beat that gama
eaay enongh," and at once picka out the ahell tha ball la under.
To tha apparent chagrin of the tharper, he waUa off with tha
mooaj In erident good humor with himself. One of the "luno-
oanta" la the crowd, who has watched the performance rary
oloaaly and thinks he knowe exactly how it was done, offers to
wagar no ha can pick the shell tha little ball is under. Hapnta
up his monej, picks out the middle ahall and— hisea. Had ha
picked out either of the other sheila tha result would hare bean
the same, for the ball at the time he picked was not under any of
tham, having been leUined by the sharper in the grip of his
Uttla finger. And yet when he picked up one of the other ahalls
he showed the crowd that the ball was under that. This la ooa
of the most deceptive and successful games praotioad by aharp-
ais. Steer dear of it
mVKLOPB TBIOK
This trick Is worked through the help of a oonfederata. One
of the sharpers has a box of envelopes containing tlcketa with
numbeia on, Indicating certain prisea dlqilayed by the sharper.
On paying a certain sum of money a person is allowed to pick
out any of the envelopes and get the prize it calls for.
The confederate pays the price asked for a chance, and of
oouiae chooses an envelooe which he knows contains a card
■WINOUNO KHEMES
oiIllBctorsmhMtbhprIn, iwiiw>tol>ar»flT»<lolbu'blll HIa
waoM InduOH oUmh to trjr thair look, ami a rich harrant la
^f*" '••pad by tha •harpani in a law mlnutan. And tlian thay
man to aoma otiiar apot to flaaoa a (raata oroml of ionooanta.
TWa oonSdanaa laina haa baan ezpoaad a gnat manj limia In
tha nawipapata, but It atlll flnda Tlotlma In all tha larga dtiea of
tba oountij. It nausUy raqulrea aa many ai four ihatpera to
emnj It thnagli. Tha tint mora la for one of tha aharpen to
"maat bjr ohaooa" aoma ptoaparoua-looklng stranger in the city
and aoooat him funiliarlj lomathing after this manner: "Why,
how do you do, Ur. WItaonT How'a the dry goods buslneaa up
In Bookfordr' '
"Exouaa ma," tha stiugar replies "but yon are mlataken In
theparaoB. My nuia b Myara. not Wilson. I am from Spring-
llaU, not Rookford, and my line Is hardware, not dry goods."
Tha aharper profuaely b^ hia pardon, and at onoo oommunl-
oataa what ha haa learned to one of Us oonfederatea, who pro-
oaada to look up particulars regarding Sprlngaeld's promlrent
dtiaena In tha Anerkan Bank Note Reporter, while the flnt
•harper keapa tab on Hr. Hyera.
Pnaantly the oonfedarate "accidentally" meets the Tlotim
and exclaima: "Why. Mr. Myara, how do you dot How's every-
body down at the Capital!"
"I bag your pardon, sir, hut yon Yam the advantage of me,"
npllaa Mr. Myers.
"Why, hare you forgotten meeting me in oompany with my
mlol^ Mr. S. H. Jonaa. of the State National Bank, at Sprinc-
Baldt" ' ^
Of oourae Mr. Myera doean't remember, but he healtatea to
admit the fact, and Anally la convinced that they have met before.
Having onoe obtained the oonBdenoe ol the Springfield merchant
It beoomea an ea^ matter to steer him bito the den where certain
other conf ednratea of the aharper are in wsithig to fleece the
wealthy victim.
Thla la aooompllahad in many different ways, aometimee by
means of some swindling game reaembling faro, or by Inducing
him to cash a bogus check, or engage In a fraudulent game of
cards, and oooaslonally by the adminiatration of knockout dropa
and robbery.
395
J
SWINOLINa SCUEHES
That TL»M
A ^ "^'"* *■ '''"^•* ™ °«"o'«'"» fa the followtog naumw
Amw MrtMsa .tore and oelb for »me trifling a^de wra
M*e or dMTlng Map, and after fumbling In hia nooketa for
^«|ng..j.d finding none land, out a tenJoiiar ur^tl^
mwAant olMnge. and gives him back »».(KI. The sharper pro-
«jd. to count his ohange, but suddenly hesitates k^sT^
■WW, ana here's the exact amount "
Will, the merohant turns to the cash register to get the biU
mmnnt hi. oonfedereto walk, into the store, and a. the mT
Zlll^y' ■** '"f ""' ""■ "™''- " «■« "toe. he SSL
Ua^tioo to «,me article in the show c«« and engage, him
^eprohability i. that the merchant wiU never think of the
*»»«MUon again or dlKjover that he has been nrindled.
Thb 1, one of the numeroua patent right fniud. by whioh w
W T""„5:il^'' '""^ ">»''• " '■ ""'k-d "M-
^., 7;''*^' """""■•Pok.n rtmnger oalU upon ,
fanner and .how. him an MtWlo illn.tn.tion of a patent farm
thoTt:!'" 'If ■"""' " """ ^" '"^'"■<' l-'-ti™ that ^7.
the ohoapeet and mort endurable fence evei^ dovi»J The
farmer fa won convinced that the fonoe fa bonnd to have a larra
•mp fa to dgn hb name to a note for »150. The farmer has
dream, of phoing one of hfa patent fence, aronnd e«" torm "
the townahip. „d r«Ul.ing therefrom enormon. proV Bnt
ISr.r. l""* ^ r* "■"»'' ""-W to permit of it. beng
■old at a prioe any farmer would be willing to pay for it In
Into the hand, of an innocent holder. The fence man hwfled
the couatry, and the farmer fa bonnd to pay the$150and in".^
nam sniraBm KAaHm nuno
1 7!^ °™ "' ^ -krewdert fmud, by which farmer, an
ImpoMd upon. It fa executed a. follows: The .harwJ^,^
jenta to the fanner that he fa the agent of a c^CnyTanX
turlng and wiling machine, for rtretohing hardwire l„ti^
;1I^,T^ *"'"''"''- <" the privilege of exhibiting Z
value of hfa nachme, and he offer, to Imlld the farmer thirty rod"
rftejoe without octog the fannera cent, juet to.how hTw^o
™ohine opemtea The tknner fa .Aed to iign what appear, t^
iSdrT^STj '"/"'^ """"-''«' '"^^terialThfa
^ .„ »^ ^.' "" ".* P'^"" *° "■" ""»" -"ha' proves Z
Z^T^f! '! of no earthly uae to the farmer, but he And, ho h^
^l^f .^'° "**;-« "■ »""» '^ » P«P«' »ol<nowledgi„g t^
«»ny day. after date He fa legaUy obligated and must pay.
397
^INOUNQ BCHEMIS
THE Lioanmia-BOD iwnisLi
The Ughtuing-ntd sharper calls upon a termer and takes his
udartorthe placing of rods on Us bam in the fallowing form:
Mollne, lU., Aivuit «, 1904.
William Fcll: PlesM erect at your esrUnst convenience your llxhtnjiix>
roda on my bim, lor whlcii 1 agree to pay you 7 cents per foot, <3 for each
poUit, $4 for each vane, ts for each amw, tl for each bill or brace, caih
when Uniafaed, or a Dote due six months from date thereof and bearlns Interest
at seven per cent.
HoaaiB HoHia.
Attar the onittaot is signed the sharper inserts a 0 before the
T, making tlie amount per toot 07 instead of 7 cents. And tliere
being nothing said in tlie contract as to the number of points,
Tanes, eta, to be used, tlie lightning-rod man throws them in
"good and plenty," so that instead of the business coating him
about 198 as he expected, he finds that the bill runs up to I18S,
and he is required b7 law to pay, aU because he was guilty of
negligence in signing a oontraot in which the amount per foot
to be paid for the rods was stated by a figure only, instead of
being written out, and the number of vanea, arrows, bmoesb
etc., was not spedfled. but left to the disoretion of the party
erecting the rods. Of course, if the farmer could prove that the
figure S had been inserted after the contract was signed, and
without his consent, it would make the contnot void, but it h
Tery seldom passible that this can be done.
398
NEOLIOKIrC]!
NEGLIGENCE
»methlng e^,e Ev^,,™""' "** * '*" »' ""•»• " »""-
c.u.e daLjto oZ. rr'.""' °™"' ""«""''■ " -^
^rr.r£~ r •' ""^-^^^ — -
careful cTTmJi ^J.T' """'*' " *" "" ^"'^ «• •«
(») that It wa, U. du^'^tl T "" f""'"" ''" -««"«»«.
or injury reaulT^ ,'L^. ;.°°**°°'' '''*'''''* ''"»»<'
there mMtS."!,'™"'' *'«»^a"f. negligence. B«,
the defendant sJ'l\ Z^^ """^ "' "" «•'"*"«. Where
«. careleae" drf^n inr " '"'*' '" ''"*■ '"* ""
tbe defenda^? lid n„rr,r°' "f"* '^'' ■""« "»* »"■»»«•
larger amount to I't^Z ^ """ "'"""" '"""« '»■• «>«
t^naferred ° ltoaUeredl'n,'T *" """"^ "■" »•" ""
no legal duty to the Zd ^T' ="*"'' ""* defendant owed
builder ,Ld he W h V *" ' ""'"" "" »"•■ ""o* the
the arch'tt'tou r'h "LriUh,"?'' " ™ "«"' '-'
WTBon Who advanced Ln.. * '"^ ""K'teence to a
relying on thfceXtT:/^ J„XTtI° '"' ''"'"^^•
tect owed no duty to the Lril ^' '^"'" '"» "«"-
Boate had been fm„d„,™r^'**'°- "* """"' « "■« <=«rt|.
been liable nluw of SeSr"' "' '"'^'^ ">"'"' ""^
enquiry aret aa to " c rc^™ r"" """™' '*»«" """ «"
to take ea«»^ im^Tn ."""'* ""■""■ "W'" « 'Mj
" "-'^unrcr.r.rn-c^:''- rtr--" •'*•"
negligence the court B.st d..!,^ '» trying an action of
400
NEOLIOENCE
*.!!' ""J?*'«°'«" ^ «>"'>«rt«ke to do what he know, nothing
about Where a defendant undertakes to do something pro!
tening to have the necessary skill, and Injury or d,^„
Tk"; ^"^ "■ "'"" °' ■""■ "» '""' '^'""J' «■"!" WmBelf
liable. There Is a clear dlsUncUon between " negligence ■
and "fraud." Negligence means that a person Is acUag care-
lessly and without any design or Intention ot doing an Injury
Fraud Imports a design or purpose to do an Injurious act
Negligence Is the opposite ot "diligence." There b«lng no
unlawful IntenUon, only an absence ot due care and skill
vlndlcUTe" damages cannot be awarded. The damages
glien IB such aetloH an what may eonstltnte compensation
lor the lajanr Inflicted. Another principle Is. that the Injury
must be the "direct" result ot the defendant's want ot care
"Remote damages" are not allowed. For example If the
defendant negllgenOy Injured the horse of another, thereby
prevenUng him from taking a contract on which he could
have made a prollt of 1100. the court will not allow bis loss
of proflt to be added to his claim. He can only claim lor the
"direct damage" done to his horse. The owner ot a house
has a right to pull It down, but he must not do It so negli-
gently as to Injure his neighbor's property. In actions
founded on negligence the defendant treauently sets up what
la called • eontribntory " negligence. It a defendant can
show that the accident would not have happened but tor the
negligence ot the plaintiff, that may amount to a good defence.
In all cases of contributory negligence the guesUon to be
determined Is, "Could the persoB who did the last act which
caused the Injury have prvveBted (he aceldent by using rea-
soBBhle careP The plalntlft may recover If he can show
that the defendant could by ordinary care have avoided the
effect of the plaintiff's negligent act If the defendant could,
by the exercise of ordinary care and diligence, have avoided
the mischief which happened, the plaintiff's negligence will
not excuse him. In the earn of children a different cob-
slderatloB arises. A child le not expected to have the same
knowledge and to Uke the same care of Itself as a grown-up
person. Where a horse and cart were left unattended on
the street and some children began playing with U, and one
of them was run over and Injured, the owner ot the horse
was held liable. Foot msmngers have a right to watt in
401
If' uoincE
care that the article irn„t 1-^!^ "'°"'"" """"» •»*•
"* other comn,on c„!^,r.rf S- Z^'"*^ ""'»»'"
^•XHI. Which they <^n^J^^t," ":? «»«'»• «
of the good., except to L »Zt^ l! 1 *" *" *"" ™'«
"• Hmlted b.co„^^VC^rble?o:'^1f™''-"^
«n*er. urtalng from negUgeaw ^ ft^™ .1 "*"' *° '«»-
of their offlcr,, «,r™,ta o7^„'^ '"'» "» '""Mxnt «to
402
irhan
wko
ie lo
w«y
md
Uon
or
ner
»wi
Ith-
Ich
Sty
ler,
I «
in-
ell
PART xm
Short Cuts in Figures, Tables,
Rules, Weights and Measures
VM
immtsi
OmniOTCIAL ABITBllBnO
COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
Tlwi obiKt of to. following pxiM <• to »t forth method, of
^^T^Z ."^ "^''^ '"■' -" "»" »*»•■"» ">, ortS.
n.17 method, ot making tlia »ma douLtioniu It i, impoi.ible
to booome proBoiant In nrithmatinl computation. ualftTth.
fand«n«.UI prinoipl«of -Ithmtlo haroUff™/^^'
tm ^ rr VT!*^.!"' ^""""^ •* "» »»" »rvi«JS.
wiU the following nwthod. ptoro to Iw.
ADDRIOV
ProBoienoy In addition can ba acquired only by pmotioe
There are no oontraotion. by mean. 01 which addition may be
perform*! with ^pfcjity «,d eeM. Pr^rtioe. «,d pnwti.nnly'
will wcor. thi. fl„« n>qal.it.of the «»oontant Howe™" a
!^ i';!?^,!"?*^"" "" l^' •-•■•8CW to tha» who hare
acquired but little proflcien<7 in additiin.
The Bendt Method at Addition
~>S"'^Ti?'*'°"'S« '^"' ""o '»"" flpmi In unit.
Mon, (uu. 4, B, 14, IB, 85, 89, 84; then carrrlnir the a tn
the n«tooluinn add 8, 8, 17, M, 88, 88, 4t S *
ll_ iniS'.'Im?''.''" «>'•»?"» downward. Thi. method
lie. In the aUUtr to ne and combine the nsolt of two «
more Sguiea witWt Mopping to add each Mutely
85
84
SO
78
8«
04
54
48i
478 '1
181
5»7
464
844
488
618
844
15
The 01019 Method «t Addition
1B^P^"°'^"",^'.°°,'"?** ""right add upward,
ind 4 fit' i8^"fe.'' *■ C."'* ' '»•■ '«•• grouping 6
? . 1 o . "i? add 18, making 35; and grouping 4 7
fl.Si.h.S;;'*^'" '^ ".J"' ™«Wng«, the ™ult Jf
uJ^^Tn.; - 'l?!P''"« '■>« * ten. to the second col-
•"nn, adding a. before, etc.
«i lUuSSSTrt^™"" "''™" -'o'""™"'. grouping
«>«<!.- Practice in grouping will lead to great
^floienoy,and after one fiasTwoome .killed in™e
JL™7 fi '*'*^ "i"" nnmbera which can be moet
oouTenlently grouped.
406
ooMinaciAL AUTBiiano
-a?""?^ "'^ '^*'" '" '»''»<»«<»<•«. "In towlo««iHl
oth« budM. fonn.. av b. Mti without teloc nwritt« la
tojt lU unlu .h.U b. of Uk. oni«, ud gmt oortlntyTw!!
JJ^ghTto^ " *^'""* "^ '""'^ «° '*" •««' ««
no, «»7, «7, Mi.aM-a,n(. aw
Tho group BMthod nuj bo omplojod with aquU odnntuo
whora numbon u« wiltton horlioDtallj.
Horiwntal wUltkHi 1. not ofton pnotlood with nombw. oon-
Uining mora tbu four or flra SgniM. In wldlnK doUua ud
oonta it Is bMt to omit tho dollar ilgn.
4>
iMj Kothodi for AUmg Loitthj Hnti* ud
Denhto Oohaau
£q>(aiiaMm.— Bagin «t 8 ud add u nmr ao M poalble
Jk". V-/ ~ "' "^^ "" '™' ""• P""* ' «o tho light of
tho iMt Bgnro Bldod, «. In oxwnploi bogin at 7 ud ndd
7, M ud S- 17. njoot tho toni, phua 7 to tho right of
».bogin««udrfd«,7,Sud<=l». Nowmddtagtho
flgura In the now oolunuu, 7, 7 ud «_M-4-8 ten.
njootad — 08. An*.
driSf^'flSS^ir^^.*'"' «>'»»»• rauhinto tho hun-
2E?thf S?'«''™"'~*J"i~<''«^ not. tho amount oppS-
tSSSlnS. ^^'' *° "*"* •«»'"• *™»"' *"'"«
h.Slf-i!^-^'^ 2f J*"?/ •• "»* ™»»"y omplojod by
buainoH men. Tie, baginninK at tho top ud ad<£nK dtn^
amimed to be oorteot, for tho mme error, if then wm
one. would not be likeljr to ooonr In tliei»»«o Sdi.
OS
7
«w
8
»
8
7
»
«
7
4W
OOMUEIICIAL ARmilUTIC
n* OMl InTte* Mttlud ol AddiUan
i-i.mt m
8.947 34
t.lM8.ll
11
7,«»4.8
8.S74 21
S.41U. 18
4,087.81
8R
t4S,(IO«01
Begin al i.ha right and itdd «*eh oolumn wpantelj : thnatiM
•nm of the fint column equals SI, the Moond 88. the third 3«,
and K on. and then add the iwulu u shown above.
This method is useil by oivil service employes, bank clerks,
and others who tiandle Utrge sunu of money. The advantage
lies in the fact that one's attention may be called to other
things and yet he ii never at a lose to resume work where ha
left off.
HULTIFLIOATiail
The following are oontractione In multipUoatlon of slmpto
numbers.
1. To multiply by 10, 100, eto., annex as many ciphers to tha
multiplicand as there ate in the multiplier.
a. To multiply by 8, SO, 800, etc., annex as many ciphers to
the multiplicand aa there ate figiues in the multiplier and
divide the result by 8.
S. To multiply by 28, 880. etc., multiply by 100. 1,000. etc
and divide the result by 4.
4. To multiply by any number ending in 9, multiply by the
next higher number and then subtract the multiplicand.
Erampte— Multiply 83 by 80 : 83 x 40 = 8,820 — 88 = 8,887.
5. To multiply any number of two figures by u, write the
sum of the two figures between them
Example. —Multiply 4.-i by 1 1 : 4 + 15 = 9, hence 49.'!. A 3.
6. When the sum of two figures Is 10 or over, add the 1 to the
left-hand figure.
Example. Multiply 74 by 11 : 7+ 4= II, hence 8H.
7. To square any number of O's. Beginning at the left write
0 as many times less 1 as there are O's in the given number, an
8, us many ciphers as O's and 1.
fitoinpie.— SquaiB of 09 = 9,801. of 009 = 908.001.
27
407
oomtwoiAi. ARiTuiuno
. Mtttodi at UM^ItuMm
to andtlply bf li. dIHd* bj 8. oUl II tana
T» moltliilj bj 1|. diTida bj «, <»ll It uu
To mulUpl)' bj St. dlTld. by 4. oUI It tuu.
To moltlpljr by «{. dlrlde by 8, o«ll It Uuu.
To malUplj by «}. dlTld* by It, call it bundndk
To maltiply by SJ. dlrtd* by !«. o*ll It hiudnda
To multiply bf 1«J, diTldo by 8. cnU It hundnda
To mnltlply by IS], dirlde by «, o*ll It hundrada
To multiply by M, diWdo by 4, oall It hundradi.
Tb maltiply by 81). divlda by 82. call It tho<mo<hk
To multiply by 881 dlWd. by 8. oall It hundnda
To multiply by 80. divide by 2, oidi It hundnda
T» multiply by ««}, dWIdo by 15, call It thouaanda
To multiply by 8l!i divide by It, oaU it thouMuda
Tb muHiply by 185. dWId* by 8k oall It thouMnda
To multiply by Itaj, dlrld* by 8, call It thouaanda
To mnltlply by MO, divlda by 4, oall It thouaanda
To multiply by 888), divide by 8, caU It thoiuanda
To mnltlply by 87), take | of the number, oall It hundreda
To multiply hy 97), take } of the number, oaU It hundreda
To Multiply Ihmben Indtnc with 8
To multiply two amall numbera aaoh of whioh enda In «, auoh
■a 8S and 78. take the pnduot of the 8 and 7, Inoraaaa thla by
one-half the aom of theae flguraa and pnez the mult to 85.
Inna,
85 8X5 = 85
78 7X8 = 2l,21+X7 + 8) — 9«
8,885
To Mnltlply Any MumlMr by n, SI, 41, ete.
In multiplying any number by 21, or 81, or 401, or any num
ber of two flguna when the last la 1, or of three flguraa, when
the laat two flguraa an 01, a good deal of time oan bo aaved by
'mTm f* "" """"•'y P"**" " hen Uluatnted. For
881488 inatanoe, suppose we have to multiply 281428 by 21.
Inatead of putting down 281428 with 21 under it,
then drawing a line, multiplying by 1, then by2or20.
then adding, aa la the ordinary ouatom; all that i>
■ la aimply to multiply by the 8, placing the prodnot
4«884«0
408
comanaAL AamiMrnc
OM Arum to th. Wt. Md thm to wld. Try thh nMthod.
«lng»l, M. •!, »1, Ml. aooi. ud Ml » mulllpltar,. Tl>.r, to
• MTlng in th* aboT* uair I. of dght Agum.
U ia Milar for mo 1
IiutMd of multlpljrl' >■
number from thia ; r • ^i
to IlBlu;,,y h, u, n, <!09, ,1,.
■ Ul btl' Irr • i' I
'»a y (1= HTMM".,!'')
u to multiply,
nd lubtnuit th*
'I'li.'ra aiulsubtmct; to multiply
lihl,-iu,'t tc.
Ir.ntU.'
To multiply bv Oii. ,,.id iv
by M«, add thraa cl,<li"ra r <
n* ooip^
N. B.— Tha "complaroani, . ^ number ia a numbar which
when added to It makea It 100. Thua tha complement of M ia
0. of W la 8.
To and the product of two numben, aa M and »8, for Initanoe,
multiply their oomplementa together, and for the other two Hg-
urea aubtraot acroaa, either the S from the M or the « from
the 06.
M — 8
»4-«
»813
Vnat ol MnHlpHeatton In Tan laconda
Here la a simple proof ot multiplication which in a modifica-
tion of the old method of caating out the ninee. The unitalt of
a number la the aum of ita digita reduced to a unit. Note thew
examplea:
84Se8=l 0=1 0:=1
898460 = 80=18 = 8
400898 — 88 = 0
The sum of tha digita of the first number is 10; these digito
added equal 10. and these added equal 1. Note the following
example in multiplication :
993 = 0
881 = 6,
8S8
604
766
80808 = 87 = 9
409
f = 54 = 8
COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
The unilate of the multiplier b 9 and the unitate of the mnlti-
plioand is 6; 6 tlmee 9 equals 54, and the unilate of S4 is 9.
Now the unitate of the product is found to be 9 also, which it a
proof of tlie correctness of tlie woi Is. Note this example :
7508 = 29=11 = 2) , , ,
34«a=16 _7J-=14 = ll
32794
45588
80392
22794
2681 1874 = 82 = 0
It Is not necessary to write down as many flgnres as are writ-
ten above The unitate of each number can easily be found
mentally.
Bapid MultipUatlon
When the unit flgures added equal ten, and the tens are alike,
multiply the units and set down the result; add one to eitlier
numbers, in ten's place, and multiply by the other, and you
have the product.
To multiply any number by MJ, add 8 ciphers and divide by 15
;; •• 166J, " 8 < a
125, •' 3 a
The three ciphers increase the number to be multiplied one
thousand times, or two ciphers one hundred times, and dividing
Z^ *''* ''™''*'' "' times the multipUer is contained in 100 or
1.000 gives the product.
410
COMMEHCIAL ARITIIJIETIO
To Mtdtiply Mixed KumlMn
l>. Add the tour products
Example — Multiply 12J by 8j.
o 5 "i"!* ."'""'*" ™"'tiplloil.
8- Multiply la by S . , .
3. Multiply 8 by J
4. Multiply j by }=ii3or .'.'.■
12}
Add results
:io|
To Multiply Two Humbors Haying th. Sunt Fimctlou
ftd^'thlf",'"'"^ the whole numbers together. 9,
sum by either one of the fraetions
lOJ
Ml
Divmoir
LigbtDiag^Methada of DiTiaion
T°o di J!de bJ si ^11 P°!"' ™« ?!»<« <» "««. multiply by a
To .1 V dl K «• ™S ™ P°!"' ""^ P'»<* to '«"■ multiK by 4
To divide Li'j^S.™ ^"": °"« •''»™ to '«"■ """iP y by 3
by ,a ""'""' "y SJ' remo'e pomt two places to left, miltiply
I^^To dirtde by 18}, „„,„„ point two place, to left, multiply
^To divide by 16|. remove point two places to left, multiply
^o divide byas, remove point two places to left, multiply
^^To divide by83J. remove point two places to left, nmltiply
j^^To divide by SO, remove point two places to left, nmltiply
I^^To divide by 135, remove point three places to left, multiply
I^^To divide by 850. remove point three places to left, multiply
^To di,ide by 833J. remove point three place, fe, teft, „„|.|,„,
411
I
OOUMEBCIAL ARITHIIiniC
THti <a DiTlalblUty
Anj nnmber la dlTimble b; i when tha laat figun ii mm:
dlTisible by 4 when the hut two flijurea an divisible by 4;
divisible by 5 when the last figure is 0 or 5 ; diviaibia by 8 when
the sum of its figures is divisible by 3; divisible by » when the
sum of ita flguiee is divisible by 9.
The pttxluct of any three oonseootive nnmben is divisible by
6i the product of any four oonseoutive numbers is divisible
by 34
HTLTIPUOATIOll AMD DITIBIOII OOMBimD
When it becomes necessary to multiply two or more numbers
together, and divide by a third, or by a product of a third and
fourth, it must be literally done if the numbers ore prime.
For example: Multiply 19 by 18 and divide that piwluct by 7.
This must b* dane at full length, because the numbers are
prime; and in all such c;i.sea there will result a fraction.
But in ritual Imtineiu the problems are almoet all reduoeable
by short efMntiona: aa tim pnces of articles, or amount cUed
for, alwan ootnapoada with asme aliquot part of our scale of
computiMiu. ^iad when two or more of the numbers are com-
poaite numiters. the wvrk cttii aimaye be contracted.
ScoOTpfa. — ^ItaltipW S3> bv 7. and divide that product by 21.
To obtain tha ■nawer. a ia saMeient to divide 375 by 8, which
gives 12S.
The 7 divides the 21. ^A the factor 8 iBmains for a divisor.
Here it becomes neccirjsai i to lay down a plan of operation.
Draw a perpendicular line and pUce all numbers that are to
be multiplied together under oaoh other, on the right-hand side,
and all numbers that are divisors under each other, on the left-
hand side.
EXAMPLES
Multiply 140 by 88, and divide that praduot by 84. We pboe
the numbers thus: r j v
We may cast out equal factors from each side of the line with-
out affecting the remit. In this cu» 12 wiU divide 84 and M;
tneu the numbers will stand thus:
,1140
I'
But 7 divides 140, and gives 20, which, multiplied by 8, gives
DO for tin remit.
412
L
Multiply 4788 by 8», .„d divide that p™duot by 18.
Three timee 4788 must be the reeult.
8 W I W 4
II I 9
In the above divide 80 and 80 br'a? and 14 »n,l M i, , .
''-»^c!crt^a!X^^s;ri!r--
n&onoKs
Th?L'^rr:f,:^;;^;™trri'.'^'^"°'' ''^«" ■>»■>"«■
two or more CtioTr^'^JlTT'' '"™''"'- '''"«"«»>
the denominator, except L o " J""""'"""'' """"P""^'
multiply .U thedenomfnatl™ J'therL""" """"°™'""' ""*
nator """arers together for a common denomi-
ADDITION OF FHACTIOSS
the eum over the Zmriet^i^t:"' ■'"™"'°" "" ^
Add !^._%?^JH-45+24^ ITO^ 49
Here SxtxS or 60 islj, oomm^ denominator.
snBTH.lcnoN OP PHA0TION8
denominator. Sub?^ ,'^0^ ^ r^tbr:: "" r°""
nator is 3 x 4 = 12 and iL.,^ "ere the common denomi-
,V i. the ^wer ■ ^'"""^ °' "•» ■"«™»ton. I, hence
MULTIPUOATION OP FKAOTIONS
in.r?sr.T.r;;i!:'r"«'' ■'-"--'''•■-•-•
41.S
J
?!
COUMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
DIVISIOS or FBAOnoSS
Jnrwt the torm, of the divl«,r and proceed a. in mulUpU-
RULES AND EXAMPLES FOR VARIOUS
BUSINESS OPERATIONS
Sdoh As: Commission, Discodnts, Pbofit and I^oss,
JAXH8, INSUBANCE, PARTIAL PAYMENTS, ETC.
OOMMIUiaN
To Find th« Ooimni.rton, tha Ooat or Ballinf Pnca uid
Par Cant of Oommiuion Baing Oivan
Of tt^^;^""'" ""■ "^ ■" "'""« P"™ "^ 'he rate per cant
bu^S wfrtw""^ c„mm«ion wiU be due an agent who
ouy» W.000 worth of coal on a commisaion of 5 per oentt
OPEBAnoN
W.OOO = Investment or base.
;"■' = Per cent of commission.
W5«.00= Ck)mmis8ion or percentage
^anaffon -Since the late of commission is 5 per cent the
To Knd tt. Inyastmant or Ore.. 8.1a., tha OonnaiMion
»na Par Cant of Oommiuion Baing 0i7an
mi^n""'"" """ ™""°'»''"' "ythe mto percent of com-
Bmm,<le--U an agent's rate of commission is 3 ner ™,nt „i,.t
™lue Of good, must ha seli to earn a ooT^LloZ^'
Com.
S?E-- 18IS7.M0
„ , ' «3,50O
e^?rr^Xvrt:Tr::::-irr^:
414
-i»-|Ml«Mtl]«lJH]J«nai,JHig»ffi^#
COMJIKRC r.\r. AUITIIMETIO
goods Mid, therefore, must he a> many time. »t m 8 cents h
fa " '""" "' *"• ""'°'' " '■'^ """"■ "■" ^■»«' «^^ »'
To nnil the Inveitmaiit and Oommlsiion When Both an
Included in a Kemittance by the Principal
ihrfe.-DiTide the remittance by 1 plus the rate per cent of
Example.-lt ii,m is sent to a Syracuse agent for the pur-
^ 6 pe'?*'*""' ""■ """ *" '■'''"• *"■ "*• "' <»°""-'°»
OPBBATIOK
♦*-J2 = '■""'"«"«• »1.0B)»W50
..X?"?'"""''"'™- Ooo: Sum invested
«.05 = Actual cost to principal of each in salt
dollar invested by agent.
tl-f^""'"'™ 7^°" T'' ''°"" '■"■"*«' "-e principal supplies
the dollar mvested and 5 cento for the agent's services, therefore
the agent will mvest only as many dollars in salt as $1 plugs
oents, or $1.05, is contained times in 11,080, or 1,000 times hence
the inveetment 11,000.
dhooumts
DiKOunt is the allowance made from the amount of a debt, a
note, or other obligation, or a deduction from the price of goods
for payment before it is due. ^^^
TladeDlMonnt istlie allowance made by manufacturers and
merchants upon their flied or list prices.
When there is more than one trade discount they are known
as discount senrs.
Trade discount is computed hy the rules of percentage on the
market price as a base. When a serie, „f discount, is allowed,
the first only is s- computed, and in every 8ubse.,uent discount
the^remainderafu ■ each preceding discount is regarded as the
To Find the Balling Price, the Liit Price and Discount
Series Being Given
Example—The list price of a carriage is $250, what is the net
■euing price, if a discount of 40 per cent is allowed?
415
Jl
'I ii
COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
OPCIUTION
W80=Lirtprioe.
..oo:j;;;EK.'r"""»""*-
100=Dliwount.
'IS* = Net selling pri tt.
£rp(an<./(a„ Since th. di«x>unt I. 40 per cent and the lirt
"^ ? ".^ ■" '^'"' "" ■"■«»■»' '° *» •'"•""te'l will be 40 p^
cent, or $100. The net prioe will be SaW-JloO^Jloo.
TnuDlaeonnt
True DiMomt i» the difference between the face of a deM dm
at a future time and its preaent worth.
. 5^!^T°' *"* "' * ''''" '"y"'''" •' » '"'"re time without
interest » its >-:.lue now,- hence is euch a sum as being put at
simple Interest at the legal rate will amount to the given debt
when It becomes due.
To rind the Fraieiit Worth and Hue Dlieonnt
Eramj,fe-Flnd t!ie present worth and true discount of a
claim for »871.68 due 2 years 8 months hence, at 0 per cent nr
OPERATION
* Lm^AnfoZt""*' '»■•«'"• »-<>• »t«p.roent.
2?,'S * L'J;'=.«™8' P-*""' worth.
871.88 -»7«8 = |108.68, true discount.
Ezplanaiim -The amount of the debt at the end of 2 rears 8
months b ?8;i.68, and since $1 woul.l in tlat time at 6 per cent
amount to 51 185, the present ^-orth murt he », many times %\
as »1.188 is contained times in »87t (1«, or $7(l». If the face ia
J! i^^ ^S** '." •"!""' "'°''"' '" ""'y *'**• ">e ""» discount will
be S87I.68 minus 1798, or J108.a8.
«ttfc.-mvide the amount of the debt at its maturity by one
dollar plus its interest for the given time and rate and the
quotient will be the present worth. Subtract the present worth
from the amount and the remainder wiU be the true discount.
Bank Discount
Bank Discount is a deduction from the sum due upon a nego-
tiable paper at its maturity for the cabling or buying of such
paper before It beoomes due.
416
COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
Th. di^nt m.y be . BMd «,m. but I. Mnally the fntar-* .t
Hotel containing en interest olauae will h«»r l„t,_.. ^
d.te to maturity „nl«« other time ZpI^fleS^ '""•"" *""
pafd";^ruritr** """ *^™*' "'"^' •«"'■=« " ■»'
V Jh° r?.'""'? "' ' °°** "' "^^ '■ '■><"<»teJ by „,ing a short
vertiMi line with the date on which the note or d™ft u „omf
To Find the Dtaeooit aad Proeeedi, the Fuse of a Hote,
lime md fcu Per Omt of OiKount Being Siren
wS-drt^TC-.l^r^T""'""^ P'oc^.sofano.ror
OPIBATION
W80 00 = Faoe.
..4!!? = P"*"™* for «3 dam.
»S73.9: = Prooeeda.
f„f?r!"°"^ ""^^ """^ ■"*»""* <" • ■">»« Wng its interest
minus the banlc discount, it is only necessary to comnute th,
^r^™ I ^^r°r' '""" "■" '"™ "> «"'l the proceeds;
fZ^ * 1i»onnt, 1580 minus W 09 equals «573.i.l
di^inl^T" K."" '"""■' '■"■ '*" "™ »»'■ ""• fo' the bank
nornndX^r '»■"■'«-•»« '«>»".« '-or the
To Find the Fwe of a Mote, the Proceeds, Time and Bate
Per Cent of Oiscoant Being OiTes
•daS"Z^w"i»'^- """*. ^ *■" '^°' * """«• Wable in 60
kS:»^ d-oounted at 6 per cent the proceeds may be
r y
COMMF.BriAL ARITHHETIC
OPERATION
n.M <> Face of note of n.
.0109 = Discount -tf note of tl.
.9805 ss Proceeds oi note of $1.
Wm.tl *■ .IWU5 = ttmu face required.
£j!planaUm.—U the dieoount of tl >t 6 per cent for 68 daye
■ 1.(1 ' heproceedaof tl of the note would be tl minuaLOlOS,
ort '- 1. uid If the proceeds of tl ate tt.OSDS It would require
Miiu. . doUan face of note to give t»78,91«» ttSK are con-
tai I 1 times In t373.91, or S580.
/.Ue.— Divide the proceeds of a note by the prooaeds of one
dollar for the given i«te and time.
PROFIT AMD LOH
PnBt ud Lou treata of gains or losses In business transac-
tions.
The gram or fall oost of an article is its Urst cost Increased by
all outlays incident to its purchase and holding to date of sale.
The Met Belling Price is the gross selling price, less all chargeo
incident to its sale.
To nnd the Profit and Lois, the Out and Rate Being OlTan.
Example.— An agent paid tM for a reaper and sold it at a
I»oat of 18 per cent. What won his gaini
OPERATION
J9B.00 = Coet.
. 18 s= Per cent of gain.
tl7.10 = Oain.
ap/anafion.— Since the agent gained 18 per oent or 18 cents
on tl. on the t95 of coat he would gain 95 times 1. 18, or £17.10.
/iK(p.— Multiply the cost by the nte.
To rind the Ooit, the Gain or Loss and the Rate of Oaln
or Lou Being Olven
fiiifc.— Divide the gain or loss by the per oent of gain or loss.
lo Knd the Rata of Pioflt or Loss, the Ooit and the Profit
or Loss Being Oiven
JJlrfe.— Divide the profit or loss by the cost
To rind the Oost, tbe aelUng Price and the Rate Per Oent
of PTo0t or Lou Being Oiven
i?M/es.— Divide the selling price by 1 plus the rate of gain.
Divide the selling price by 1 minus the rate of lofla.
418
UIMUKH(,|.il, AHiriiaETIO
TAZXI
To yiad « Titftttf T«x
«nimpfe._The rate of t»xati..n in the rity of De. Mnin-
lo"-.. U li. Wl,„t amount of tax mu.t „ p«U n ^Ty w Z
per»,nal property i. valued at »17.S00, .ud .ImTwn.' „„, IZ
nunti leJ at 934,000) "«"» real estate
lirnoo
94.1)00
»4a,400x.01J = $742.
&7rfnrKifiVm.-Slnce hie total valuation was W 4(in ...i .i
oft!:;rI""""' "" '°^' ''"^'' ™'"= "^ «» "^ >«" <»"t
nrsTnLuroE
Ta nnd tlu Ocwt o( Innruica
Krarapfe^-The Mock in a etore I. Insured for 87,w What 1.
OPERATION
1750 = Amount insured.
.015 = Per cent of premium.
111.23 = Premium.
1 35 = Cost of policy.
?la.50 cc Full ooet of insuiHnoe.
fi^ai.ofiim._Sinoethe amount insured isthetaae and th.
per cent of premium the rate. If the amount is mul«^ed by to
Of :i^"':i^d'^a^s\r rcr;™ "' "" "" - ™"'
To riDd the Amount In.n«d. the Premium and Per Cent
of Premium Bting Oiven
o^!L~^Z *^* 'f.^ "' '-««°™ ™M'»<-t the extra
m3^ H .T^' •""' "^ '•»'™<-i" by the per cent of pre-
mium, and the quotient will be the f«» of the policy.
419
!;jj!
INTEREST
Lfi PaiBM OoMwiitin b«««it
1 InUrMt l> monjr paid tor Um iiM of momj. If om bofw
nm monajr pnHnlaiBg to ra|i«)r it with an ulditloiial unouiit.
Uwnunborrowadtao*ll«dUwpr<iw<iia<, tin MliUtlaamI unonat
iHtentl. It ii unallx italod h k> mnob pw oeot, !.«.. to wtnj
dollan of intaraat for ovary hundred dolUn of prinolpol.
9. Whon AHowwL— IntarMt ii allowod (t) when It i< ezpreeily
contracted for. Ii) when luoh an agreement la Implied, (8) whan
a debt haa become due but remalna unpaid.
The meat oommon inatanoe In the fliit claaa la where money la
borrowed. The debtor uaually expreaaly agraee to par the debt
and Intereat
The aeoond claaa ia where money ia borrowed and the agiw
nient to pay intereat ia implied from the nature of the buainaaa
or the uanal ouatom.
The third claaa relatee to the inteieet aoorolng after the debt
beoomea due, and it ia a general rule that one who faila to pay
money due moat alio pay intaraat upon It up to the time he doaa
P»y-
8. Uinqr.— Uany of the Statea forbid any one to give or
reoelre mora than a atated rate of intaraat. Thia rate differa In
the dilTerant Statea. varying from 8 to 19 par cent The taking
of a higher rate than that allowed by the law la uaury ; thua
timry U unlawful I'nfemt.
4. Legal KaU.— Every Bute haa eatabllahed a certain rate
which ahall be the rate of intereet in aU thoaa caaaa where the
partiea have not fixed their own rate. Thia la called the legal
raU. and In moat Statea it la 8 per cent per annum. See IjUerat
Laim and Statuta of Limitation.
A promise to "pay tioo and Intereat" meana intereat at the
legal rate of the State in which the payment ia to be made.
t. louihyotUaary.-Some penalty la inflicted upon the one
who t,-Jiee uaury, I.e., upon the lender, not upon the borrower.
It vaiieo in the different Statea, but la uaually one of three
kinda: (1) the forfeiture of the uaurioua intereet, i.e., all above
the lawful rate; (2) the forfeiture of all the intereet; or (8) the
forfeiture of both principal and intereet.
In a State where the Sret rule is adopted, the lender who haa
lent at an usurioua rate may recover the principal and interest
420
INTIU»r
•I the I«.l r.l»; where the «eond i. adopted only ihc
money he lent; ,„d where the third i. .dopted not eve , th.
See Intereat Laws.
Book Acco«iU.-l„tere.t may be eharKed o., 1k,oI< ,„..
eouiiti «ll,.r l,Ko| demaiul for pjyme.it. I„ (•„„,„.,,„,„,
inleieHt on book oocounis i, «l|„wed only wl,..„ p„,„,..„t ,»
nnrenxinnbly delayed. l".'noni i"
N. OllUdUlll ud TnutOM may be eharged inl-re ».„
all lrn«t fund. ... their lian.l,, after their failure t.i invent
tlioni within a lenminable tiite.
II. Oop.rtll.IIhip.-If a partner withdraw, m„n..y (,.„„
he fiMulH ,M.|onKing to the firm, for private u.e, he will he
liable for interest on the aame.
III. PoUey Of Ill»or«Il(».-If low. oeeurn nndir a iH.liev of
inHiianee, it bear, intereat from the time it i., du,. a.conl-
init to the terms of the [wliey.
11. Oompomid intereat is not colleetible bv law When
interest has aecnmuiated and become payable, an aitrei-
ment that it shall be added to the principal thus formed
will usually be deemed legal. ■- i™
Lightiiiag Motlwd for OUcuktiaf Intomt
This is probably the shortest and simplest method known.
Multiply the pnncipal by the number of days, and
1
For
For
For
For
- iwr cent. diTlde lij 90
5 per cent, divide by 72
a tier cent. dlTlde by 60
7 per cent, divide ty 52
For 8 per cent, divide by 45
For 8 per cent, divide by 40
For 10 per cent, divide by -Ifi
For 12 per cent, divide by 3u
Example. -What is the intereat on $450 for 1 month rnd
10 days at 8 per centt
Solution.-430X4O-=-45 = $4.00. Ans. Interest.
BANKERS' MBIHOD
To Find th. Intonit oa Any Sdu .t 6 Par Cent for Any
Ntuabor of Day.
Rule.-Remove the decimal point two places to Ihe left
and yon have the interest for 60 days.
E.xample.-What is the interest on $280 for 60 ihivs at 6
r>er cent f Principal. $250. Interest, $2.,')0.
When the time is more or less than 60 days, first timl tlic
interest for 60 days, and from that to the time required.
421
MKIOCOfr IISOUITION TUT CHAII
|*NSI and ISO TEST CHART No, 2)
'= m
A /APPLIED IMBIBE Ir
^^^ 16S3 East Main Str«t
^^ fiocheslef. N*w York H609 US*
^S (^'S) *B2 - 030O - Phone
^S (71G) 2Se- S9S9 - F-Q.
!I-i^:M''
For 120 days, multiplv by 3
Wi " add i of itself.
75 " " i •' "
30 " divide by 3.
15 4.
8 '* " '* 20.
What is the interest on $720'for 75 days at 0 per cent?
97.20, interest for 60 days.
1.80, " " 15 ''
$9. 00, interest for 75 days.
Cancelation Method
Bwfe.— Plare the principal, the rate, and the time In months,
on the right of a vertical fine, and 1^ on the left; or, if the time
is short and contains days, reduce to days, and place 360 on the
left. After canceling equal factors on both sides of the line, the
product of the remaining factors on tlie rigiit, divided by the
lactor, if any, on the left, will give the required interest.
To find the intere8tofS184.80for 1 year 5 months at 6 per cent-
OPERATION
•1B.40
05
17
$13.09, ,1ns.
Analyns.—tlM.SO X .05 gives the interest for 1 year or 12
montlis, which divided by 13 gives the interest for 1 month; the
quotient multiplied by 17, the number of months in 1 year 6
months, gives SNt.OD, tne interest re<iuired.
To find the interest of $340 for 3 months IB days at 7 per cent.
OPERATION
.07
3810. na
I $3.04. Ann,
.Analysis.— 1340 X .07 gives tlie interest for 1 year or 360 days,
which divided by 380 gives tlie interest for 1 day; the quotient
multiplied by 78, the numl)er of days in 3 montlis 18 days, gives
93.64, the retiuired interest.
To find the interest of $696 for 9.1 days at 1 per cent a month.
Of $325.30 at i per cent a month fur 63 days.
OPERATION OPERATION
.n w
PS'I "We 63
1107.88
«5.iai. Ant.
$31,576, Am.
422
PART XIV
Miscellaneous Statistics, Carpen-
tering. Test Questions, etc.
!ii
i '* !
■I.
m
IRA4. H(k\. ALLGN B. AVLERWOKTH, M.A., K.C F.V., M.P.
Out; of >:is Majesty's ConunlMloncrB for iht- StttUnicni ut tbu
Alaska Houiidary in 1»03.
INTEREST
INTEREST TABLES.
JN the following interest tables, mtereit 1, computed to mill,
to Insure greater accuracy.
Theintereslatanyotherratecaneasllybefound. Interest
.t 4 per cent Is a of interest at 8 per cent. Double Interest at
» per cent and you have Interest at 10 per cent, etc.
The interest is given in hundreds of dollars. To and the
luu^rest on $10. BO, etc.. move decimal point one place u, the
left. To And interest on «. |9, eu,.. move decimal point two
places to the left.
EXAMPLE :
Intemi on »loo for om yesr ,5 ^
" " ~ '■"■Zz:iz ,.00
" : » 25
100 *' flvemoDtba jw
: : 1:: : •■•••••• -
10
■ " 100 ■• .lxteend.,5 23
:; : r: : ;; •••••• ■*•
01
""""™" IILM
26 423
i{
i i- is
I 'S: f
lit: ;■
I- ":: 1 ■
IMTERBOT AT SEVEN PER CENT.
im
•100
noo
tsoo
1400
tsoo
1
1600
«700
1800
•MM
1
•OK
.039 .05(
.07!
.09-
.117
.13t
.15«
.17S
2
.03t
.07f
.!!•
.15C
.w
.233
.272
,311
.360
3
.058
All
.17J
.233
.29:
.35«
.408
,467
.626
4
.07!
.i5e
.233
.311
.388
.467
.644
.62S
.700
5
.091
.194
.29£
.389
.486
.683
.681
.771
.876
6
.117
.233
.350
.467
.68«
.700
.817
i!a8i
1.050
7
.136
.272
.408
.644
.681
.817
.953
1.229
8
.156
.311
.467
.622
.778
.93;
1.089
1.244
1.400
a
.175
.360
.625
.700
.875
1.050
1.225
1.400
1.675
10
.194
.389
.583
.778
.972
1.107
1.361
1.556
1.750
11
.214
.428
.642
.856
1.069
1.283
1.497
1.711
1.925
12
IS
.233
.407
.700
.933
1.1S7
1.400
1.633
1.867
2.100
.253
.606
.758
1.011
1.264
1.517
1.769
2.022
2.276
14
.272
.544
.817
1.089
1.361
1.6,13
1.906
2.178
2.450
IS
.292
.683
.875
1.167 1.4.'i8
1.750
2.042
2.333
2.62S
.16
.311
.622
.933
1.244 1.556
1.887
2.178
2.489
2.800
17
.331
.661
.992
1.322 1.6.5.1
1.083
2.314
2.644
2 97S
18
.350
.700
1.050
1.400
1.750
2.100
2.450
2.800
3.150
19
.369
.739
1.108
1.478
1.847
2.217
2.686
2.956
3.32S
20
.389
.778
1.167
1.556
1.944
2.333
2.722
3.111
3.600
21
.408
.817
1.225
1.633
2.042
2.460
2.858
3.267
3.675
22
.428
.856
1.283
1.711
2.131)
2.567
2.994
3,422
3.850
23
.447
.8M
1.342
1.789
2.236
2.683
3.131
3.578
4.025
24
.467
.033
1.400
1.867
2.333
2.800
3.267
3.733
4 200
29
.486
.072
1.458
1.944
2.431
2.917
3.403
3.889
4.375
26
.606
l.OIl
1.517
2.022
2.528
3.033
3.538
4.044
4.5-^
27
.62.1
1.050
1.675
2.10O
2.62.^>
3.150
3.675
4 20n
4.725
28
.644
1,089
1.633
2.1-8
2.722
3.267
3.811
4.3.56
4'' 900
29
Mm.
.564
1.128
.'.692
2.256
2.819
3.383
3.!)4-
4.511
5.075
1
.583
1.167
1.760'
2.333
2.017
3.500
4.083
4.667
5.250
2
1.167
2.333
3.500
4.667
6.8.3.1
7.000
8.167
9.333
10 600
3
1.750
3.500
6.2i0
7.000
8.7S0
10.500
12.260
14.000
16.750
4
2.333
4.667
7.000
0.333
11.667
14.000
16.333
18.667
21.000
S
2.917
6.833
8.750
11.667
14.683
17.500
20.417
1^
12.667
!6.260
6
3.500
7.000
0.500
14.000
17.500
21.000
24.500
31.500
7
t-2*?
8.167
12.250
16.333
20.417
24.500
28.683
16 ! 750
8
4.667
9.333
4.000
8.667
!3.333
28.000
!2.e87
17.333
12 000
9
6.250
O.soo
5.750
21.000
!6.250
n.500
16.750
12.000
17.250
10
5.833
1.667
7.500
a. 3,33
>9.167
16.000
0.833
16.667
52 500
11
6.417
2.833
0.250
!5.667
(2.083
)8.500<
14.917
)1.333
57.760
1
7.000
4.000
'1.000 as.oool.
15.000 42.00ol49.000
w.oeo
U.OOO
426
INTKREST
nrreiiEST at eioht per cent.
it
! I
liMl
INTKKKHT
Bew M OMy Orom at InUmtt
tf on« dollar b^ InvMtecl anfl itic intrmt aildfd to *hf prinrlpal annualljr,
ftt lh« raiex nanml, we shall have the fuUuwIng rmult m tlii:' accumulalluQ
of ooe hundn-l yran.
One dollar, 100 y«iw at 1 per n*nl I 2.78
One dollar, 100 yean at 2 iwr rr nt 7 , 2A
One dollar, 100 years at 3 [xr cent 10.25
One dollar, 100 years at 4 per rent M.3A
One dollar, 100 years at S percent 131.50
One dollar, 100 yearn at C per cent 340.00
One dollar, 100 yean at 7 |>er rent SOS. 00
One dollar, 100 ytam at H iM-r cent 2,203.00
Time In which Moiwy Doobtei
Per
Simple Int.
Comp. Int.
Per
C*l.
Simple Int.
Comp. Int.
2
i
SO yeui:i.
40 years.
33 yr». 4 mos.
28 yrt. 208 da.
25 yean.
'' .V"- »■ "■■
35 years.
28 yra. 26 da.
23 yrs. 104 ila.
20 J rs. 54 da.
I7ynt. 240da.
15 ym. 27.1 .la.
5
fl
7
8
9
20 yearr).
16 yrs. 8 mo».
14 yu. 104 da.
12i-yeBrs.
ilyrft. 40 da.
10 years.
14 yn. 75 da.
11 yra. 327 da.
10 yra. 80 da.
9 yr,i. 2 daya.
8 )Ts. 16 days.
7yr.. lopo^
Tibto Showing Nmnber of Diyi Batwaan Two DaUi
Tow-
Jati.
Feb.
Mar.
50
28
■365"
334
304
273
243
212
181
151
120
90
Apr.
00
59
31
May
120
89
61
30
366-
334
304
273
242
212
181
^51
June
161
120
92
61
31
-365-
335
304
273
243
212
182
iuly
181
150
122
01
61
30
Au,.
212
181
153
122
92
61
31
305
334
304
273
243
Hep.
243
212
184
153
123
02
62
31
365
335
304
274
OrtT
273
242
214
183
153
122
92
61
30
3H5
334
304
Nov.
304
273
245
214
184
153
123
92
61
31
n«%
January.
Fehni'ry
March . .
, April . . .
! Miy . . .
- June. . .
* July . . .
August.
Sept. . . .
October.
Nov. . . .
Dec. .
.165
334
306
275
245
214
184
153
122
02
61
31
31
.134
365
337
308
276
245
215
184
163
123
02
62
303
275
365
335
304
274
243
212
182
151
121
244
214
1N3
365
334
303
273
242
212
122
01
61
335
365
For example: From any date in July to the same date in February there
are 21.^ days. When the day of the month to which you count is latkh,
add the difference; if earlier, subtract it. Thu.i, from January 1 to May 1
are 120 days; to the llth t May it Is 10 days more; while fn»in January 11
to May 1 it ia 10 days less. In Leap Years add 1 day if the latit day of Feb-
ruary Is included in the given time.
Dividing the table diagonally by short horizontal lines, the numbers
below show the days to a date in the year following, and numbers above to a
date within the same year.
428
Tlbl* of W«(u by tlw WMk (nan ta.W
to 190.00
tl
i I
III
429
! il
I 't'
I*;
TABt.K of w.\UtM MV lUE UONTB
tM» o( WatM b7 th* Month from W,00 to ITBM
la
I ••
\\A
I i.n
' I.M
t.a
i.n
la
aw
a.«
4.U
«.W
«.«
>W
•.H
14
{.«
».13
•.« V.B
».W|I0W
aoi
»
•.n
MOD
JIIU
■m\ im
'JtllS
En aw
Ml lu
t.U 4.611 ...
iM\ t.n 6.»
a.flo Lu tjti
>.U ■(» «.u
•.01 •!» 7.«l
«4« 7.00 f.M
&M r») 8.0R
T.M 0,00 PM
IH •«! 9l»
■ 11 •.W «.«»
«.n au I0J3
•Ja 10.00 nn
•.nittw a«
mu ILWILU
■oiB ii.uuja
11.00 BOO u.n
IIH IXtO U.U
K.wliaooin.oo
!S!
a.40
l.0<
4.>«
_. «!•
Ill «.»
»l •»!
lal 7.10
14" ■
l»l>.»
l«l •.»
IT I 9.SI
lolioaa
loliaoo
J4
La
LIB
t.40
d.00
uo
4.91
4.W
>M
0.1ft
0.77
1.08
OiU)
>.•>
•.a
»«»
10.40
11.00
ILOII
J7
fi
1.91
I.M
too
1.07
>M
tM
A.S9
S.00
0.14
i:S
•.»
•.u
10.40
11.11
11.77
U4<
LOO
1.00
t.77
1.40
4.M
4.W
0.14
0.U
0.01
7.a
0.31
e.uf
•.on
10.il«
11.00
11.77
i:.4a
Ulft
S«olll.>4 1X31 1X00
iilu.ii 12.00 n.7s
il|l>.OB iat4 i4.ao
illOLOO 14.77 IU0M.03
>|I4 4! 15.30 10.30 17 31
«6n5.00|l000 17.00 10.00
l»
U>
M
001
4. UN
0.11
0.00
0.U
'•M
0.04
0.77
0.00
lots
1U.M
140::
IS 3:^
0.00
0.01
7.U 10 10
o.irr lOKi
o.ooico.ou
o*«wlBt tho *M»a«t far 1 D«y, up 10 »e (irorklat) B»yo.
r?
, '•4«
•.00 0131
0.00 lOlft
IO.SO 11.00
11.31 11.00
UK ItOO
U.Ot 13.S4
18.73 14.30
14.84 IS.l!:l
IS.» 10.00
10.15 10.0!
10.00 17.77
17.17 IO.IB
lOM 10.40
1.77
<0»
3.54
4.4t
0.31
0.10
\L
8.0S
0.13
loot
11.10
lUO
13.17
14.15
15.04
1S.03
■0.01
17.00
MM
10.40
».as
10.30 ».3I •tin
10.IO 11.15 :.>.» ,„„
ti.oo|a.oo|i3.oolia.ool85.m
M 2»
"'"IS
.a: .«
1.00 1.0?
(.77 roo
too 3.05
401 4.01
0.S1 5.77
0 40 0.7;
1.30 7.00
0.31 0.05
«n 0.01
10.15 loja
II.W 11.51
lt.«l 11.50
12.82 18.40
13. »S 14.41
14.77 IS.38
15.09 10.35
10.02 17.31
17M 10.17
I0.4« 10.23
io.wao.u
10.31 11.15
21 Jd 12.12
21.IS23.0II
23.08 24.04
/.oo
MS
181
a.40
4.02
5.77
(LOS
8.00
>ja
10;38
11.54
12.00
I3.8!>
15.00
10.15
17.31
21.02
23.08
24.23
2538
20.04
4.01
5.38
0.7<
0.00
• 42
io.n
12.:.'
13.40
14.81
10.15
17.50
18.85
20.10
'1.54
22.08
24.13
25.S8
».02
.•8.27
20.02
30.00
32.81 30.93
13.05 38.40
35.00i40.00
•J3
lan
1331
13.85
b.3«
10.02
18.40
20.0U
21.M
23.00
(4.02
20.15
i7.r:
20.13
' JO
1.18
8.40
519
0.02
a.05
10.38
lilt
13. ;
15.58
1731
19.01
20.77
22JU
SIJB
25.00
27.00
29.41
31.15
32.88
34.02
30.80
;i8.oo
30.8t
4t.S4
* 00
1.31
4.02
o.at
• ta
11.54
13.85
10.15
18.48
20.77
23.00
t&ao
'JO
108
5.n
8.05
11.54
14.41
1131
UIH
23.(10
25.00
28.85
31.73
34.«t
87 JO
4a80
4.7.27
40.15
40.04
51.02
54.01
- -- 57.89
18.40 80.58
50.77 83.411
.■13.08 00.36
55.38 00.2Q
"T.cn 72.12
6Q.00 T.'V.OQ
The center column shows the days anil the black face flpiin>« nt fv.*. *««
430
J
'
UISTRLLANRnril TAIII.KH
-j~.ttta. u,. tivMBr.», lb. U.P .„i,.„.„. „.„ p„„,„
' il!
ill
inii
I
» 1 li ,
I '■ ■ si
I ' I
:■;«■
r; :
MISCEI.LANEOTTR TABLES
READT RECKONS.
Hi* flm eolmnn on tbe left containt the NUMBFTl of Uhe Artlcte, tnd th»
eolumii on tlM topt of tbe tkblet tiie PRICIJL
No.
Bet
23et.
Met.
20 ct.
20 ot.
27 ct.
S«et.
Wet.
80 ct.
81 ct 31V4ot. 1 1
2
t
.44
.66
.60
.46
.T
■00
.76
.78
.84
.81
.86
.64
JI8
.87
.80
.90
.82
.93
^
4
.88
.92
1.00
1.M
1.08
.12
1.16
1.20
13t
J-a?
1.10
1.15
l!2l
1.20
1.30
1.38
.40
1.48
1.60
1J8
i«y.
1.32
1.36
1.41
tJO
IJW
1.62
.68
1.74
1.80
IM
i^
I.S4
1.61
1.68
1.76
182
1.80
.03
2.03
2.10
3.17
2.18K
1.76
1.81
1.02
2.00
2.08
2.16
.24
2.32
2.40
2.48
2.80
1.98
3.07
2.16
2.20
2.34
■J.43
J2
2.61
2.70
2.79
J?!}>
10
2.20
2.30
2;40
2.90
2.60
2.70
.80
2.90
8.00
8.19
'-kC
11
2.42
2.ra
2.61
2.76
2.86
2.97
808
3.19
3J0
8.41
8.88
12
2.R4
2.76
2.61
3.00
8.12
8.24
8J6
3.48
8.00
ai72
878
13
2.86
2.99
3.12
3.26
ass
3.81
.84
8.77
3.90
4.03
4JWV8
14
3.08
3.22
■3A
9.D(
8.64
3.78
.03
4.06
4.20
4.84
HIS
U
3.30
3.4ft
3.00
3.76
3.00
4.08
4.20
4.38
iM
4.68
4.684J
1«
3.02
3.68
a84
4.00
4.16
4.32
4.48
4.64
*M
4.86
MO
17
3.74
3.91
4.06
4.26
4.42
4.60
.76
4.93
8.10
6.27
18
3.96
4.14
4.32
4.00
4.08
4.88
.04
8.22
8.40
8JI6
19
4.18
4.3-1
4.K
*n
4.H
6.16
6.32
8.81
8.70
8J0
90
4.40
4.60
4.80
6.00
8.20
8.40
8.6I>
880
6.00
tM
6J8
»
0.00
6,76
6.00
6.26
IM
6.78
.00
IM
7.28
7.78
ISl
»
6«t
6.90
T.30
.7 60
7.86
8.10
8.40
8.70
9.60
9J0
40
0.80
9.20
9.60
10.00
10.40
lOJO
11.20
11.60
12.00
12.40
OM
00
11.00
11.00
12.00
12.60
13.60
1360
14.00
UM
18,t?
13 80
8.09V(
00
13.20
laoo
14.40
18.00
18.60
16.20
16.80
17.40
18.00
18 60
18.78
TO
16.40
16.10
16.80
17J»
18.20
18.90
19.60
20J0
21.00
21.70 21.87H 1 1
M
17:60
18.40
19.20
20.00
20.80
21.60
22.40
23.20
21.00
iM
16.60
00
10.80
20.70
21.60
22.00
23.40
2430
28.20
26.10
27.00
TIM
8.12(4
m
aaoc
£00
34.00
20.00
2O0
27.00
fflJjO
29.00
»M
LOO
!£_
Koi
Bet.
33ct
88>ict
C
asct
»ot.
Slet
37i4ct
68 CL
89ct.
40 ot.
M
-^
M%
«
.70
.72
.74
.78
.78
.78
M
M
M
liSr
1.03
1.08
Loe
1.11
1.12%
1.14
1.17
SB
1.28
1.32
1:^
ise
1.40
1.44
1.48
1.80
1.52
1.88
m
1.60
l-»
l.TO
1:1!
180
1.88
1.87(4
1.00
1.98
tM
1.92
1.M
8.55^
2.04
2.16
2.22
2,25
iM
2.84
%.»
8.9«
3.31
9J8
2.48
2.62
IM
im<A
2.66
2.73
2.80
•
3M
3.64
s.ia
2.80
2.88
2.06
3.00
3.M
3.12
»M
•
aM
3.9T
>M
3.16
3.24
3.33
3.37(4
3.42
8j:
8.68
10
SJO
8.30
i^
S.40
8J0
8.00
8.70
3.75
8.80
3.90
.60
11
aju
8.63
S.74
3.88
3.96
4.07
4.12%
4.18
4.29
.40
18
3.W
3.96
4.00*
4.08
4.20
4J2
4.44
4.60
4.60
4.6S
4jn
U
4.16
4.20
i^
4.42
4M
4.68
4.81
4.87%
4,04
8.07
8.20
14
4.48
4.02
4.76
4.00
8.04
818
5.25
8.32
8.46
8.60
10
4.80
4.86
iW
810
6.26
6.40
888
5.02%
8.70
6.88
8.00
16
6.12
&38
l^
S44
6.00
5.76
802
6.00
6.08
6.24
6.40
17
0.44
6.61
0.78
8.06
6.12
6.29
637%
6.46
6.63
8.80
18
6.76
0.94
6.00^
0.12
6.30
6,48
6.li0
6.75
6.84
7.02
7.20
10
6.06
6.27
6.40
6.68
6.81
7.03
7.12%
7.22
7.41
7.80
ao
6.4(
6.6(
<.W>
7.00
7.20
7.40
7.50"
7.60
7.80
8.60
so
8.00
8,25
8J10
8.70
9.00
9.25
9,37%
0.60
9.78
10.60
ao
9.60
9M
tooo
10.20
10.80
10.80
11.10
11.25
11.40
11.70
12.60
40
13.80
UM
!S:^
13.00
14.00
14.40
14.80
15.1.3
15.20
16.60
16.60
SO
16.00
16.00
17.00
17.60
18.00
18 80
1»,75
10.00
19.80
20.60
60
10.20
19.8(
moo*
20.40
21.00
21.00
22.20
22.50
22.80
23.40
».60
TO
22.40
23.10
S:S4
23' J
24.90
28.20
25.60
20.28
28.60
27.30
28.60
80
28.60
26 40
i...»
28.00
28.80
29.00
30.00
30.40
31.20
32.60
W
28.80
20.70
30.00™
30.00
31.60
.12.40
33.3'!
33.78
31.20
35.10
36.00
100
82.00
33.00 33.33H
31.00
38.00 3li 00 1 37.00
37.80
38.00
99.00 1 40.01
432
mSCELI^NEOUa TABLES
' hi
READY RECKONrat
• aittmlllllinnittis Mt conUln Uui NUMBER of theArtlcIa ind
UM fioloron on tb« tops of Uie Tables Mm PKIf :E.
Koi
41 Ct
42 Ct
43 ct
44 ct
40 ct
46 "L
47 ct
48 Ct
49 ct
60ut
« ct
M
M
.8f
M
.92
.94
.96
08
I (k)
,
1.2(
1.21
1.3S
l.X
1.38
1.41
1.44
1.47
1.30
K53
.61
l.M
ITS
1.7«
1.80
1.84
i.es
1.92
1.96
200
.OC
2.U
2.U
2.2C
2.29
2.30
2.35
2.10
2,45
2.50
2*55
«
3.8S
2.fi«
2.61
2.70
2.76
2.80
2.bA
2.94
3 00
2.91
iw
3.0
3.0i
3. IS
3.22
3.29
3.36
3.43
n.60
3.57
3.2£
3.3C
3.44
3.5!
3.60
3.68
3.76
3.H4
a92
400
3.6f
3.78
381
3.9e
4.00
4.14
4.23
4.32
4.11
4.311
4.69
1
4.M
4ja
4J0
4.401 4.80
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
i.lK)
4.8
4.63
4.73
4.84
4.98
006
a 17
5.28
a39
6.00
5.GI
12
4.W
6.01
0.10
0.28
0.40
5.72
564
6.76
aN8
600
13
B.33
B.4«
6JW
0.7S
6.85
aw
an
6.24
6.37
6..'U
ties
U
6.U
0.88
8.0B
0.18
6.30
6.44
6,88
6.72
6.86
7,U0
7.14
IS
6. ID
6.30
6.48
6.60
6 78
6.90
7.05
7.20
7.33
7.B0
7. 65
16
6JM
6.73
6.88
7.04
7.20
7.36
7.82
7.68
7.84
8.00
8.16
H
B.97
7.14
7.31
7.48
7.65
7.82
7.99
8.16
833
8.50
8, 67
IS
7.38
7.M
7.14
7.02
8.1(
8,28
a46
8.64
8.82
9.00
9 18
i»
2-2
^•S!
8.17
8.30
8.85
8)74
893
9.12
9.31
9.50
9.'a
so
8.20
8.40
8.80
8JiO
9.00
9.20
9.40
aeo
9.80
10.00
Ut.'M
S8
10.28
10.90
10,76
11.00
11.28
11.80
11.78
12.00
12.25
12,50
1:^.78
90
13.30
12.80
12.90
13.20
13l80
law
14.10
14.40
14.70
15 00
13.30
40
1&40
1600
17.20
17.60
18.00
18.40
16.60
19.20
19.60
20.00*
MW
00
30.00
21.00
21.00
23.00
22.80
saoo
23 60
21.00
24.00
25.00
25.50
60
£!•«'
28.20
2B.80
86.40
2T.0O
27.60
28.20
28.80
29.40
30,00
30.60
70
28:70
39.40
30.10
30.80
31.00
32.20
32.90
3a(lO
31.30
35.00
35,70
80
32.80
33.00
34. U
36.2U
36.00
3880
37.60
38.«
38.20
40 00
40.80
90
36.00
37.00
38.70
40 80
41.40
42.30
43.20
44.10
43.00
45.92
100
4t0C
Uffi
4aM
44.00
«jOO
4aoo
47.00
4aoo
4aoo
8^
51.00
Mo
BS«t.
03 Ct.
04 «t
80 Ct
06 Ct
57 ct
08 Ct
00 ct
60 ct
61 ct
62 ct
1.01
1.09
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.S0
IJa
1.24
1.66
tM
1.6B
1.69
1.68
1.71
1.74
i.n
1.80
1.83
2.06
2.13
2.16
3.30
2.21
2J8
2.32
2.36
2.40
2,44
2.48
2:60
S.68
2.70
3:75
3.80
2.88
2.00
2.95
aoo
3.U8
3.10
ai2
3.18
S.H
1.30
3J6
342
a48
3.04
3.60
3,(>G
3.72
3.M
an
8.78
3.88
a92
a99
4.06
4.13
4.20
4.27
4,34
4.16
4.M
4.32
4.40
4.48
4.06
4.64
4.72
480
4,88
4.96
4.M
4.77
4.86
4.93
0.0*
a 13
a22
5.31
a40
5.49
558
10
0.20
t2
8.40
0.00
6.60
a7o
a80
8.90
6.00
6.10
6J!0
11
B.I2
0.83
0.94
6.06
a 16
a27
a38
6.40
6.60
a7i
6.82
13
6.24
0.36
6.48
6.60
6.72
a84
C.96
7.'>8
7JM
l.St
7.44
13
6.76
6.89
7.02
7.10
7.28
7.41
7.M
7.67
7.80
7.93
8.06
14
7.28
T.42
7.88
7.70
7.&I
7.98
a 12
a26
8.40
8.54
K.ri8
IS
f.m
7.96
8.10
8.26
a4o
asB
a70
a88
9.00
9.13
9.30
16
8.32
8.48
!•?!
8.80
8.96
9.12
9.28
9.44
9.60
9.7b
9,92
17
884
9.01
9.18
9.35
9.oa
9.69
9.86
10.03
10.20
10.37
10 34
16
9.36
9.64
0.T2
9.90
10.08
10.26
10.44
10.62
10 80
10.98
11,16
19
8.88
10.07
10.26
10.48
10 M
10.83
11.02
11.21
11.40
11.59
11.78
20
10.40
10.60
10.80
11.00
11.20
1140
11. GO
11.80
12 00
12.20
12.40
39
13.00
13 25
13.S0
ia7s
14.00
1420
14.50
14,75
15 00
15.25
noo
SO
19.60
15.90
16.20
16.80
16.80
17.10
17.40
17 70
18.00
18.:(U
IK tiO
40
20.80
21.10
21.60
22.00
22.40
22.80
2320
23.f!0 24.00
24.42
21.80
00
26.00
28J0
27.00
27 80
28 00
28.B0
29.00
2».50 30.00 1
SI.SO
31,00
eo
3IJ0
31.80
32.40
.0.00
33.60
31.20
34.80
35 40
36.00
■MM
37.20
u
36.40
37.10
31.80
38.90
39.20
3fi.no
4060
41.30
4JIM)
12.70
i;).40
41.6ri
t;.40
43.20
44.00
44 80 4S.m\
■Mt.40
47 20
mm
48. M)
4!).60
90
4e.M
47.70
48.60
49.80
80.40 31.30 1
52.aO
83.10
M,tK)
■M.no
M.MO
100
C2.00
63.00
OiOO
00.001
06.00
57 00 1
58.00
08.00
tiO.OO
61.00
62.09
433
r
!l:|lr
i '4'^i
I * ' irt I
1
I iii;
MISCEI.I,ANEI)US TABI«1
BEADT RECKONER.
tf Iba Nlimbn nqulnd U not found In the Tsbln, •cM two Hnmbgn to-
W and 6 tOMtlier ; and ao for 3afi buabalu-trabla Iba valua of 100, and
add6Dan<n}toi[ethar.
Ka
Bitot
63 ct
64.4.
60 Gt.
66 at.
86%et
«7et
68 ct.
68 et
70 OL
71 eta
a
u>
IM
1.28
1.30
"Tffi
'■33%
1.31
1.38
1.38
L40
1.43
I'STV
IJf
1.93
1.06
1.06
2.00
2.01
2M
2.07
3.10
8.18
2J0
3.6!
2.06
3.60
2.64
IS
2.09
3.73
3.76
3.90
3.84
s.uy
3.1
3.30
3.28
3.30
3.38
3.16
&46
MO
3.«
3.75
a.n
3.34
3.911
3.96
4.00
4.03
4.03
4.14
4.20
4.36
4.9rv
4A
4.48
4Jt8
4.63
i^
4.69
4.76
168
4.00
4.97
».oo'
8.0
8.13
8.20
8.28
8.36
6.41
ft82
3.60
668
S.63V
8.6-
8.76
8.89
8.94
6.00
8J»
813
6.21
8.30
e.39
10
6J»
tx
6.40
6.30
6.60
?S$
6.76
9M
6.00
7.00
7.10
11
o^sni
6.9r
7.M
7.16
7.26
ija
7.48
7.W
7.70
7.81
a
7J0
7JK
7.68
7.80
7.92
8.00
3.04
8.16
8.26
8.40
s
u
8.UM
8.1
8J3
8.46
6.66
i-ja
8.71
a84
8.07
9.10
M
».n
8.8C
8.96
6.10
9.21
9.38
9.63
8.66
9.80
9.M
U
9J7«
9.4
9.00
9.78
9.90
10.00
10.08
19.29
10.38
10.00
10.68
16
10.00
10.0!
WJI4
V.4D
OM
!?:^
10.73
19.88
11.04
11.90
11.86
17
0.0>M
10.7
10.88
8.06
1.22
IIM
11.66
11.73
U.90
12.07
U
11J»
11.31
11.83
11.76
1.68
13.00
12JK
13.84
13.43
13.60
12.78
M
l«li
1L9]
13.19
13.38
UM
18.66U
13.73
18.68
18.U
ia30
13.49
»
1»
13.«
OM
13J10
3.30
oM
1&40
13.66
13.80
14.00
14.20
S8
I!.<1M
18.71
19.00
16J
tx
am
16.78
17.60
17.28
17.60
17.78
»
«.7»
WM
10.30
19JS6
OM
30.69*
80.10
89.40
30.70
31.00
21.30
40
u»
38.3I
30.01
»J»
96.46
26.66%
36.80
27.80
27.60
38.00
38.40
»
11.38
31 JH
38.8
33.00
33!^
33416
8100
84.80
88.00
38.80
n
HM
37.81
89.00
aOM
Sm'
46.36
40.80
41.40
42.00
42.00
70
13.78
44.11
iSM
46.80
S:S%
46.10
47.60
4a30
49.00
49.70
M
O.0O
80.41
81.20
83.00
88.60
S3JI0
84.40
8&30
60.00
86.80
(0
;1J8
86.7C
67.00
88J»
89.40
oeloo^
60J0
61.20
62.10
63.00
6aoo
100
ajo
63.0
HjOO
OMj
WM
66J6VI
6M0
^00
^00
7M0
TLM
Noi
73 «]
73 ot.
74 ct
78<st.
76 ot
not
78 ct
78 ot
8ftet
61 et
83 et.
1.44
Im
1.48
"Too
1.88
1.64
IJW
1.08
1.60
1.63
1.64
8.10
8.19
8.38
3.36
3J1
tM
2.37
3.40
3.43
2.46
3.W
8.83
3.00
3.04
3.08
3.18
3.16
&ao
8.34
8.98
3.00
3.08
8.78
8.80
8.38
SJO
8.66
4.00
4.0B
4.10
4.3S
4J8
4.80
4J6
4JI2
4.63
4.74
4.80
4.80
4.98
8.04
8.11
UM
8.38
8.39
8.18
8.08
0.60
&67
8.74
8
8.70
fJ!
8.00
6.68
6.16
6.81
6.38
6.40
&48
6.06
•
0.43
8.78
6.81
6.93
7.08
7.11
7.20
7.29
7J>8
10
IM
7.30
7.40
7.60
766
J;I?
7M
m
6.00
&10
8.20
11
7.98
3.03
8.14
8.2
8J6
8.68
8.80
8.91
9.02
u
P.fl4
8.78
8.88
9X0
9.13
1:24
9J6
9.48
9.60
9.73
a84
a
9J6
9.49
9.63
9.78
9.68
10.01
10.14
ia2T
10.40
10.83
10.««
u
10.03
10.83
10J6
OJO
16.61
10.78
10.98
11.08
11.90
11.34
11,48
u
10.80
10.96
11.10
1.28
11.40
11.0S
1.70
ItSB
12.00
13.18
12.30
M
11JI8
11.68
UM
2.00
13.16
13.33
18.48
12.«
12.80
13.90
13.13
17
13.84
13.41
12J»
2.71
18.92
13.00
iM
13.43
13.60
13.77
13.04
IS
13.00
18.14
13.38
13.80
1368
13.80
*M
14.28
14.40
14.66
14,78
ID
13.63
13.37
14.00
14.28
14.44
14.03
4.88
1S.01
18.30
18.39
18.08
ao
14.40
14.60
14J»
16.00
18.20
10.40
8.69
1B.B0
16.00
16.20
16 40
38
13.00
1838
18.80
18.78
19.00
19.28
9.09
10.TS
30.00
30.38
W.BO
?■
31.00
31.00
88J0
83 80
28.80
83.19
83.49
23.70
34.00
SM.30
3160
40
23.80
39.30
39.66
30.00
30.40
30.60
1.30
31.60
32.00
32.40
33J0
m
36.00
3880
37.00
arjio
a«oo
3»J»
39.00
89.00
40.00
40.D0
JJ:8
m
43.30
43J0
44.40
48.00
«.60
46.20
46.80
47.40
48.00
48.60
70
00.40
ni.io
01.80
63.00
03.30
63.90
64.60
BS.80
80.00
06.70
67.40
80
OT.on
88.40
66.20
60.00
60.60
61.60
63.40
eiao
64.00
64.W.
fiB.60
00
UM
66.70
06.60
67.80
68.10
00.30
70.20
71.10
73.00
72.90
7a80
loo
KM
73.00
74.60
78.00
76.00
77.60
78.90
7t.0D
KM
ILW
«I100
1
"■""*
■—.^
—■i^i"
MI8CRLLANEOUB TABLES
i
Utlia
RKAOr BECKONEK.
435
I
■i
I
'If
Mjii
■ ' II
111:
I.'.!;:'
MISCELLANEOUS TABLES
Tabto Showbv the Tahu of Goal and Straw
Weight of Ooal in Bin or Box
wtrik^n fo'rrirwett' "^'i :f ^■■^ ■"»"' «» >»-'•
«al, or by «, ror buZ^^L^^trt^^ H '"[,'"""'«'"»
number of pounds. * "*"" "'" "^l"*' ">6
To find the number of tons, rtivido by 2,000.
P,, '■°^'*,°'"'*"^ '•"»'<'«' "Bin Will Hold
n^trJtor ^'- ^^^^^-^t^-^^^lZ
18X10X8=730 (cubic featWm— an <v^ j
86,000+2,000=18 toll' P™""*"-
To Knd the Amount of Chanoal a Bin Will Hold
oftitrilltr^— ■/•--""--bes, aodabushel
Ix.i°Sr "'the ^bTo' fSo^'l'ltll'i,'''' '""''f ™S'- •"»"' «8
pounds. Bituminous coal weighs about M
437
I
i i
11
J if
in
MISCELI„VNE0U8 TABUM
Buma AMD snxiiia n thb ton
To And the cost of snjr number of pounds at ao much per ton.
iiu/i!.— Remoye the deofmil point three plaoee to the taft. and
multiply by one-half the price per ton.
Emniiife.-Wliat will 1799 pounds of hayoortat tlOperton!
J7W pounds with the point removed equals 1.71», and 1.7WI X 8.
one-half the price per ton, l» «8 905, the answer.
OBOOC&'S BRAIL RTILX
As many articles, such as tea. sugar, coffee, eto., are sold at a
given number of pounds per dollar, the following method will
show the number of pounds that can be purchased for any num-
ber of cents.
/!ule.— Multiply the number of pounds to be sold for one dol-
lar by the number of cents' worth desired.
Example.— When sugar is . 'd at 19 pounds for a dollar, how
many pounds can be purchast ' for 6C cents?
SoJufion.— 19X80 =11.40 or HI pounds.
Orocer'a Tobl*
18 things make J AtatB.
13 dozen make J 8™"
12 gross make Igreatgrcea.
20 things make } !°?"',
198 pounds of flour make 1 Pf^r
200 pounds of beef or pork make 1 J*"'*'-
135 pounds of potatoes or apples make 1 barrel.
280 pounds of salt make } ™''™-
400 pounds of molasses make J u? i*
200 pounds of sugar make. . . . } barrel.
240 pounds of lima make } barreL
100 pounds of fish make } quintal.
100 pounds of nails mnke J kag-
00 pound-i of soap make J box.
20 pounds of raisins mnke J box.
2 pounds of cigars make J box.
20 pounds of soda make J box.
40 pounds of cheefie make 1 box.
25 pounds of tobacco make 1 box.
62 pounds of tea make } box.
60 pounds of saleratus make 1 box.
25 pounds of chocolate mnke 1 box
86 pounds of butter mnke . . 'J nrkin.
5 pounds of spices nmke J ^o.
1100 pounds of rice make J J. ik*i
2150. 42 cubic inches make 1 busheL
281 cubic inches make :--'*?'r"''„
ZITA cubic inches make 1 imperial gallon
■438
• !
MISCGLLANEOITB TABLES
Kapld Methods for MuUng Ooodi
ThoM who buy largely can best appreciate the value of t\ quick
^nd rapid method for calculating the per cent of profits def'ired.
If you wish to ral(mlate the per cent on a single artictu, the
following table will be an exutillent method. If you desire to sell
an article at any of the following per cents, say the article ooeta
00 cento, and you wish to make
10 per cent, divide by 10, multiply by It —!'}!i.
20 \mr cent, divide by lU. multij^ly by 13 = liO.
25 per cent, multiply by 10, divide by 8 = (i3i.
30 pur cent, divide by 10, multiply by 13 = (15.
834 per cent, add } of itself = 66.
88 J per cent, divide by 8, multiply by 4 = CtiJ.
60 per cent, add I, of itself = 75.
How to Mark Ooods
In many mercantile houses it is customary to use a private
mark, which is placed on the goods to denote their cost and ml-U
ing price. Various devices are used. A wurd or phrase oontiiin-
Ing ten different letters is the most common used. These letters
are used instead of figures, thus:
Cash Profit
1284 567B00
If the cost and selling prire of an article were respectively
|165 and 9210, the mark would be:
c r p
if
! t
11
An extra letter called a "Repeater" is used to prevent the
repetition of any figure. Instead of writing 255, which accord-
ing to the above key would be a p p, the repeater z or any other
letter not in the key-word may be used, which would make 255
read a p z.
The following are a few of the words that can be used;
Republinjin. Regulation, Quick Sales. Importance.
Charleston. Cumberland. Vauderbllt. Misfortune.
Instead of letters, characters similar to the foilowing are fre-
quently used :
j>>zcx: <hOX
19S4 56 7890
o h p
29
I If
it
I •
I
fi
jl
li
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
WBOBTI
Troy
2;* '?*''"(«'■> » penny wht.—iiwt.
^ ''*'■■, 1 ounce,— oz,
3a grainfl, i cmhi. diamond weight.
By thte weWit gold, silver, and
Jewels only are weighed. The ounre
and pound In thla are the aanie pt lu
ftpothecarlei' weight.
Apotheeftritti'
35 *f"'n" 1 wniiilp.
3«"Mcs 1 .triichm.
Rdrs.
i2oza.
Avoirdapoia
, 1 ounrp.
. 1 pound.
Ifldranu (dn.) 1 ounce,— oz.
I80Z1* 1 pound.— lb.
2* Iba 1 uuartfr.— qr.*
4 quarters 100 weight, — cwt.
20 cwts 1 ton.
• Formerly 28 lbs. wer* allowed to
the quarter, but the practice la now
nearly out of use excepting In the
coal mines In I^nnaylvania, the E" :-
em flsb markets, and the U. 8. Cu""-
tom House.
Grains are tho same In each of the
above weights.
5,760 grains, apothecaries' or troy
weight 1 lb,
7,000 grains avoirdupois weight I lb.
Therefore, 144 lbs. avoir, equal
170 Iba. aooth. or troy.
*Of Liquids
1 galloo of] weighs II.I6 lbs. avoir.
1 gallon distilled water, 10 lbs.
1 gallon sea water 12.36 lbs.
1 gallon proof Bplrilw. JO.«H lbs.
MISOELLAmOUB
IRON, LEAD ETC.
If lbs 1 Stone.
3lt stones 1 nip
8 pigs 1 fother.
BEEF, roRK, ETC.
200 lbs.. 1 barrel.
196 lb'*, (flour) 1 barrel
lOOlbs. (flsh) Iquinlal '
MXAsmn
Diy
if pints- 1 quart,— gt.
.,;|[««ks 1 bushel..i-bu,
Jft htisheU I chaldron.
1 United States standard (Win-
chester) bushel— 18* inches
Iti diameter, and 8 inches
ileep— coutalns 31Aa42 cublo
inches.
4 (Tills. . .
'2 lunts. .
Liquid or Via*
, 1 pint,— pt.
1 quart,— qt.
- I'"""- I quari,— q.,
„' lua"'* 1 gallon.— Ml.
314 gaUons 1 Barrel.- Bbl.
2 barrels 1 hogshead.- hhd.
V- 8. standard
n Ea'Ion 231 cubic inches.
Beer gallon. ... 231 cubic InchCM.
Imp. Kalinti 2771^ cubic inches.
31 bi'tr Kullons..,! bl.I,
Time
fiO seconds 1 minute.
60 minutes 1 hour
24 hours 1 day.
7 days 1 week.
4 weeks I lunar month.
28, 29, .10. or I , „, .
:ii (lays, i ^ calendar month.
30 days .' I month (In com-
puting interest).
fi2 weeks and 1 day ( .
12 calendar months. , . P y^"-
365 days, fi hours, 48 minutes, and
49 seconds 1 solar year.
Oireolar
60 seconds 1 minute.
60 minutes 1 degree
30 degrees 1 sign.
90 degrees 1 quadrant.
4 quadrants i , ^ ""•"'"
360 degrees f 1 circle
...^j^"''^"'*^"* method of finding
the difference in time between two
places, is to notice their distancfl
apart, m degrees or longitude, and
allow 4 minutes to each degree, based
on the following
calculation:
1440 minutes 1 day
or revolution of the earth '
1 revolution of the earth is
360 degrees; therefore,
1 degree 4 minutes.
• Imperial gallon
440
WEIQHTB AND HEASURKS
UEtMVKEB
Long
DIKTANCK
3 ^«rl*■y.■nr^^ I inch,— In.
*21n... l(<)ot,-tl.
■',''•■ 1 yurrf,— yrl.
fi^yrti IrtKl,— rd.
**iur 1 mile.
CLOTH
•Hnrlira i nail.
j"""" 1 (nmncr.
4 cluuruM I yard.
MISCELLAHBOUH
'.i InrhPH 1 p«ira.
■1 ifhwi 1 hand.
'* inches 1 gpan.
1« inchps I puhit.
21,8inche3 1 Bible cubit.
:J» |«^t 1 military pace.
•» 'c*t 1 commoD pace.
Bqnare
ii^f^ina laq.foot.
8'"i "■ i laq.yard.
■}0*«(-.vrt8 l»q. rod.
40sq.roda IfoodV
broods iKCK.
Bunreyori'
^Iwii"*^***" *""'*.
z.'S links , 1 rod
4ro.]8 .. 1 chain.
10 square chains . » .
160 «qiiare roda . . . f * **^^-
^0 ««^ 1 square mfle.
Oubio
172R cubic inches.. 1 cubic foot.
27 cubic feet. . . . i cubic yard.
'28 cubic feet. ... 1 cord (wwd)
40 cubic feet. ... l ton (ahiDr»inirl
2!|?« cubic in. . . 1 stanS'b'uf *
27fW cubic 111 1 IniiKTfal cal
1 cuDic ft., four-fifths of u bushel.
To And the number of bushels in
a bin of any dimensions find the
number of cubic feet by multi-
plyinir the three dimenaiona of the
bin in feet; deduct one-fifth. and the
lesult is the numbet of bushels.
PApnt
Thr Sisp/i in hirhea
Flat Writinff-Pap«r
itoubie nirLeiter: ::::::: :,j J 20
^i"'"''"' 1?'^
Check Folio. \t 41
Bank Folio n C ^*
Doubiocop i7«;i
Su,»rr Royal .....V.V.-mAt
""i»-f»»' :;2;(x3i
Of the different sizes there are alao
several different weights of each size
aa Demy 20, 23, 24, 20. and 28 lbs'
per ream.
Stationers usually rule, cut and
fold the fiizea required to make the
various styles of Irttt-r ami note pa-
pers— a flat iticn nuikitu; one, two
or four sheeta of letkr or note paper.
Xiediirer Papen
Flat Cap.. \At vr
Crown.. ...; \l\XL
Demy ifij^f
Mediira ... ': \lll\
Royal .., : lov-.j
Super Rojal ""^C 5J
Imperial Sq, ii
Book Papers
Ttie usual sizes cf these. Wm the
different Amcrirun an'l !:nghsli inan-
ufacturm, differ but iii|io from the
above, except m fill spwial ordura
Paper Counts
24 sheets. . ,
lOJ quin-s. .
20 quires. .
2 renni-s. .
5 bundles .
Units ot Anjrtbing
12 pieces j ,
12 dozen i i
'2 PTOSS I ,
30 units 1 .
441
I fJI
11
H
i
'4
L.t]t
WEiailTS AND ME-VSUBES
TBB tana imm
llMnn(i>tL«i(th
UelHe DnimlnnltmM and Yaliiri. £,uiralf«(« (» nemmliuilioiu in Vm.
Kll.mi.i.r - i.noo mclim = "liV'.' "h ?^d^
IKIuimcUT " 10 mMiT" - : »" i'"'"-
Meter ■ I metpr = -W-i? nrheii.
iVmlimtiT - .01 i.t a mil.r ■■»J«2' DjJ-
MlUlmettT ■ .001 of a nw-ttT = 0.0394 incn.
HCMUIU o< lurfu*
Mclrte /VnominolWiu onil Valuet. EqutmUnlit (n Denomiiuifiiiiui <« Cu.
lltflurr = 10,000 HqilBrf mrU'rt - 2.471 arT>^.
Olltart- = 1 aquLR- lutur - 1,550 squurc inebea.
Mtusni of OipMitr
A/flrir Ocpinmmmiom oni/ Volafs. iiittiralcnte in Daumlnallont in I'M.
N»>i>a. Ni,.l.ll.r«. riibio Me»»iirc. Ilrj- Measure. Winr M™»iire.
KilnUUT =» 1 000 =^ 1 i-iibir mft.T := 1 ..108 cubic yards ==2tV4.17 Kallit.
hI im'-r . 106 = 01 cubic meter = 2 lm.h. 3..T5 pk.. - 28 4 7 j. ,.
Ihiallter . 10 = 10 c. .leclmelem = O.Ml quart.. = 2 B417 Ka U
iter » 1= 1 c decimeter = 0.008 quafta. = 1.0507 quarts
Millter = .1 = .Ic.declmeler =l).1022ciiblcllich. =0.M5jflll<.
("i i ler = m - OccenllIlletfM= 0 6102 cubic Inch. ^O.JMfiudos.
Millililli = .(io' 1 c. centimeter - 0.001 cubic men. = 0.27 Hold dr.
WaichM
Metric Dettominationa and Values, Efjuii-alenlit in Denominatifmn in VM.
WeiEht o( what quan- Avoirdupois
lily of water at max- Weight.
iiAum. No.drams. imura density.
HUlier or lonnenu =1,000,000= l cubic meter = 2204.0 iKiiiiids.
SulrSll = 1110 000= 1 hectoliter = 220.46 pounds,
flvrlamm = 10 (HIO = 10 liters = 22^40 i»mnis,
KflMramorkilo = 1,000= I liter = 2,204li pounds,
HsSTrn = 100= 1 deciliter = 3.S274 ounce..
Dekacrein = 10 » 10 c. centlmct, = 0.3527 ounces,
(itiiin = 1= iccentlmet, =. 16.432 OTlns,
lisSnim = 1 = .1 c, centlmet, = 1„5432 grams.
Cmtoa^ = .01 = lOc.millimet. = 0.1S43itr. n.
MlUiim™ = .001= icmllliract. = 0.0164 grain.
Table toi rinding tba Contants of Sqiun Tanka
A lank five (i-et by five (eel hol.ls '.''■'J''''-
A tank six feet by six feet holil.^. . »| „
A tank seven feet by seven feta holds 114 .,
A tank eight feet by eiKht feet holds 154 ..
A tank nine feet by nine feet holds 19* „
A tank ten feet by ten feet holds ^Jt
The above table is for one foot of depth only.
To find the contents of a trough, measure its depth in feet and
multiply it by the contents of one foot in depth.
442
WRlOIITfl ANU UKAHUKEfl
A T«U« for Oinular Tanki On* Foot In Dtptb
HKV«n f««t in (llmnelfr \uA»U O
Mtiht fivt III illrnnftiT h(i)<l 13
Nln« fM-t In (llumfli-r ImliU . . . , \^
Tt-n tt^t in dlamettT htrftla H»i
N. B,— Tn flnrl t\w ronleniH »f a tank by th*« talile. multiply lli.* cnntnntt
of one futiL In clt-plti by Hit) luimtjcr of tet>t ilttii.
To M ouuro WoQi or Oiittnu
Square the diameter (n inches, multiply by the (luoltnitl .7-<-Vi,
and the product by the depth of the well or cistern in incties.
The reeult will be the full capacity of the well in ouhlc inr'hea.
If the actual quantity of water be souKht. multiply by the >lepth
of viater in inchea, and In either CMe divide by 231 for tne num-
ber of gallons.
OircoUr Olitonu, Om foot in Dopth, Computed
AURTKR rONTKXTS
INCtlKS IN GALLONS
12 6.875
15 9.18
10 ia44
L\UAI.I.i>NS
.18
For any greater depth than one foot, multiply by the nuniWr
of feet and fraotionn of a foot. As the areuH of circles, und
consequently the capacities of circular cisternn of eiiinil depth.
vary ae the W|uares of their diameters, it U iiiniccessary to
multiply calculations. For Instance, should It \te ri>>|iiJred tn
find the contents of a circular cistern of 3 feet in (liiinit>ter. my
as the square of 1 : to the »|iiare of 3:0.875, thnt is, ah l:4::-'i>7.~i,
and f>.87SX 4 = 33.5= the contents of such ctster*. This
formula will apply to any diameter; for 8 feet, multiply by 9;
for 4 feet, multiply by 16, eta ; for 0, by 35.
Oiitemi and Casks
To Measure the Oontonta of Cistema.— To a.<irortaiii the con-
tents of circular cisterns, multiply the square of IhK diameter in
feet by the >lepth In feet, and that product by ,V.h. for the con-
tents in liogsheads, or by ,Vo'o for barrels, by V fo' t''^ "-"ontents
in gallons.
Square Oiatenu.— Multiply the width in feet by tlie lenjitli in
feet, and that by the depth in feet, and that uK-iiii by ,Va fof
hogirWeads, or is for barrels, or 7,*fJ, for gallons.
Auother and simpler method is to multiply together the
length, width, and depth, in inclies, and divide by :i31, which
will give the content:) in gallons.
443
WmullTN AM) HtJ.VHIIREH
Owk Otnglag.—ro BMMun the oontmto of «]rUndri<»l tmhIi
mulllplj tha iqtura of the dininetm in InchM by 84, ami that bj
tha height in inohea, and point olT four Agurai. Th« rmiK will
he the ountentM or nujiiMiity, In wine Kallonn and di>i>imulii of a
gallon. For ln-er gaUonii multiplj by SH inntend of M. If tiM
ohhIc he only partially tilled, multiply by the height of the liquid
iuNteml of the height of the oaiik, to awwrtain actual oontenta.
In aiuwrtalnlng the lilameter, meaiiure the diameter at tin* hung
and at the head, add togetlier, and divide by 3 fur tlie mean
diameter.
I Si
TAMX Am BAKREL MIAIUUMIMT
To Find tfaa Oontanta of a Boond Tank
Multiply the iquara of the diameter in feet by the depth in
feet, and multiply this result hy 6. and you have the approximate
<Hintent^ of tiie tank In gallons. (For t'xnrt esultn multiply the
product l>y H. instead of 0.)
Example.— UoK many gallons will a tank bold 7 feat In
diameter and fl feet deep?
fl,>lulim.—T>C!x!i—U5.
348x6=1.470 gallons.
Nore.— If thet&nk In lanrtTiit tltf bottom than at the top, flnit thpsvrrsfe
I. n...u •..•!.. u, I....... .1.11.. ...._. ..(a I... . I. ,...,> ..I.... ,, .__
To Find tba Oapaelty of Baxreia
i2t*/e.— Add the head and bung diameters in inches, and divide
by two for the mean diameter. The.i multiply the average
diameter by itself In inches, and again by the height in Inoheo^
444
WKiaii'm AND Mi>:.\iirRES
thflB mnltipljr bjr N, cut off th« rfftht-hand flun, *dJ ^ou tuiTfl
the number of cubic inehea. Divide l^ 977) ftn>l you Iwvd tlia
number of fCAllons.
To And the bualwli divide by 2in0.4.
Example.— How many Kollonfi fn a barrel, wbfwe middle or
bung diameter in 90 IncheM, and eml diameter ii Ifl ImlitM, and
80 inches In helghtt
So/K((on.— SO+lA-t-SwlS averasa dlametar.
18X1BX80X8-7778.
777fl+277i==38,(J. gallona.
NoTR— A twnrl UeHtlmatetl unmlly at AUrallnn*. The lioitHliratl at G3
ftUOOB.
To rind tha Oontuti e( % Wfttorlnr-Troogh
Auff.— Uultlplj the height in feet by Uie lenKth in feet,
and the product bj the width in feet, and divide tlie roHult \>y
4, and you will hit re the contents In faarrek of 1)1 J galtonN rat-h.
Example.— Vf hi. . are the oontenta of a waterinK-trouKh 10
feet long, 6 feet wide, and 4 feet deep?
Solution. -4X 10x«=340-t-4=e0 barreln.
Note— For«*xact rfs.ilt«miillli)ly lhi> lenittri in inclii-n In- tin* litlght In
Incbea, by t!if> wlilth In inchei, snUtllvtde thun-MuU iiy 2:it, uHlyuu vnQ i«v«
Uw oontvnti In ckIIuni.
Estlnatiiiff IMeatnrM
A Plat of Water weighs nearly one p/^und, and is equal to
about 27 cubic inches, or a square box 3 inchpg |o<:g, ;i inilifs
wide, and 3 inches deep.
A Quart of water weighs nearly 2 pounds, and ii eq>ml (•» a
square bo!c of about 4 by 4 inches and 3^ inchc-s dif ji
A Gallon of water weighs about 8 pounds, and is t'(iiial t<i a
box 6 by U inches square, and 6 inches df>ep.
A Cubic Fool of water weighs about W pounds, and enntains
8 gallontt.
A Barrel of water almost fills a box 2 by 3 fwt sqinirc' and l.'i
feet deep, or 6 cubic feet.
A Peck is equal to a box 8 by 8 inches square, and S inches
deep.
A Bushel is about equal to a box 12 by lii iiu-lifH nquure and
24 inches deep, or 2 cubic feet.
NoTK-The Imptrlal (ralion urwI In Canida. contain^ j"', cuhlc (ni-heii
the Htandard uaiion JJll. Referoncf?* here are to SuimUr.! ttalloiis cxc*i.t
where Impe-lal 1b mentioned. Take flve-flixthn of a kIvl-u nu-ui^i-r ol Standurd
KSllona to f ,d nnirber of Imperial
44S
>•
builders' tabijs
BUILDERS' TABLES
BTTILDEBS' ESTTMATINO TABUS
Quantity of matiTial In f^very four lineal feet of exterior wall in i
frame buUding, height of wall being given:
Lengtli
Studs.
Size
or Sills.
aizeof Htiids.Bracea
etc.
Uiiaiitity
ol Kougli
I umber
Quutitil>
of inch
Boartiiiig
Siding
in
sup. ft.
■ Tar ■
Paiier in
sui>. ffet.
8
0
2
4
0
IS
2U
22
24
ax a
6x 8
Ox 10
Cx 10
8x 10
8x 10
8X 12
9x 12
10 X 12
2x4 Slii.ls
4x4 '.races
4x4 'lates
1x0 {iljbuna
Rtmls
10 inches from
cenieru
42
52
02
(>9
S2
H7
OS
109
119
30
44
f>3
02
SO
HH
97
106
-10
50
00
70
80
90
100
110
120
74
80
00
112
128
144
100
170
192
20
22
24
26
lOx 10
10 X 12
10x12
12 X 12
10x14
ftx 14
12x14
2 X fl StudH
0x6 Braces
4x6 Platt-s
1 X 0 Ribbons
Studs 16-liich centers
115
1112
170
ins
80
88
97
urn
U4
12.1
i:{2
00
100
no
120
i;io
140
150
144
100
170
192
208
224
240
shingl^'loVonr'lillST/^t'^nV'r-,'^'''''"-'"'''"? ?"** ''"irding, and mimherof
&SlZi,?vhSZlJr' "' ""'■ "'^'*'"''"' ^™'" ^"'^^•^ *" eave over ridge.
TV'Idtli ot
House,
Feet.
2x4
2x4
2x4
2x4
2X4
2x4
2x6
2x6
2x0
2X0
lif Collar
2x4
2x4
2x4
2x4
2x4
2x4
2x6
2x0
2x0
jyuiintilyol J.umber in OiiantltyoT
I Hn/...r Bn,i *',.ii.., Boariiing,
Kafter and Collar-
piece.
No, of
Shingles.
100
US'
124
560
640
720
800
880
000
800
880
000
1040
1120
1200
Comparative Strength of Timber and Oast Iron
longhand oSe'iS aq^uSe"'^ '''" "'"'"^''' "' ^'"'^" ""'' «' '"'' ^^ ""« '«>»
I Mreakiug
Weigtit. lbs.
Ash, sea-soned
Chestnut, seasoned.
Hickory, seasoned. .
White Oak, seasoned.
White Pine, seasoned.
Yellow Pine, seasoned,
175
170
270
240
ironccMt).: ::::::::::::;;:::::;;! a.?
■ight Borne
with Safety, lbs.
446
fiUtLDEKS TABLES
BUILDEB8' TABLE OF BEIOK BlQUHMD
{Allowing 7 Brick to Suprrticial Square Foot.}
400
500
COO
700
800
900
_ 1.000
NumlKT ot Brick« reouiml in a
Wall Wall Wirir~I~Wair~
uiirK. I ttnck. Ihiik, thick,
15
376
450
S25
600
673
750
1,500
2,250
3,000
3.750
4,600
5.250
6,000
G,7.'iO
7,500
105
120
1.15
150
300
450
600
7.™
900
1,050
1.200
1.350
1,600
3,000
4,500
6.000
7.500
9,000
10,500
12.000
13..'i00
1 5.000
45
158
180
203
225
450
675
900
1,125
1.350
1,675
1,800
2,025
2.2,= .
4,50o
6,750
9.000
11.250
13.500
15,750
1S,000
20.250
I 22,.'iOO
30
60
90
120
150
IHO
210
240
270
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
1.800
2,100
2.400
2,700
3.000
6.000
9,000
12,000
15,000
18.000
21.000
24,000
27.(HM)
30.000
7.W
1,12.1
n,2,-.o
l.i.lMM)
is, 750
L'li.L'.'iU
.tO.IMIO
:t;{.7,'in
;i7.5oo
,M iiii'hes
thick.
180
225
270
315
360
405
450
900
1 .350
1.800
2.250
2.700
3,150
3,600
4.0.W
4,500
0.000
13.500
18.000
22..'J00
27.000
aL.'JOO
30.000
40.500
45.000
Facts tor Builders
LOW SgTe/"* "*' '^''^'*''^' * '"'"''^ *"* weather, requires about
1,000 sliingles requiie of shingle nails about .T pounds.
70 yards of surface will require about 1.000 iatlis.
100 square yards of plaster wiU reciuire 16 bu. sund, 8 bu
lime, 1 bu. hair.
1.000 laths will requir** of lath naiis 11 pounds.
100 cubic feet of wall will require 1 ooni stone. 3 bu, lime and
1 cubio yard of sand.
One-fifth more siding is required tlian surface measure to
allow for lap.
447
iiii:
MOTS OOHOSUnKa STONEWORK, BBIOSWOBX AND
PLASTEBINa
Btonawork
1- A cord of Btone, three bushels of lime and a cubic yard of
sand will make 1<XI cubic feet of wall.
3. One cubic toot of stoneworli weighs from 130 to 175 pounds.
Brickwork
a Five courses of brick will make one foot in height on a
chimney.
4 One cubic foot of brickwork, with common mortar, weighs
from 100 to 110 pounds.
5. A cask of lime will make mortar sufficient for 1,000 bricks.
For Plastering
6. Six bushels of lime, 40 cubic feet of sand* and 1} bushels
of hair will plaster 100 s<iuare yards with two coats of mortar.
•N. B. Then- iire about U cubic feet in a busliel.
448
FACre FOR BriLDERS
Oonunon Biick in a W«D or Building
A brick In 8 inches long, 4 inches wide and 2 inches thick and
contains 64 cubic inches. Twenty-seven bri.k nuike one cubic
foot of w.ill, without mortar, and it takes from 2IJ tu 33 bricks,
according lo the amount of mo ir used, to make a cubic toot
of wall wi*U mortar.
Rut,:.- tultiply the length of the wall in feet liv tlie heiglit
in feet, and that by its thickness in feet, and then multiply
that result by 80, and the product will be the nuuilwr of bricks
m the wall.
wall iKfore raulliplyiiig by 20 or 15, a.s the cust. may bl'. "»"' i" » o[ iiie
Short Method o< Estimating Stonawork
fluJc— Multiply the length in feet by the height in feet, and
that by the thickness in feet, and divide this result l.v 33 and
the quotient will be the number of perches of stone iji'the wall.
„ u';.^-'TT^"'^Pfrch"'stf>nftlipre are 241 cubic feet but "iiuliie f,4-t arc
generally allowed tor the mortar auUlillinB. leei, uui -i ii.du inturi
How to Find the Numbei of Cord Stone to Build Cellar and
Bam Walls
iiuJe.— Multiply the length, height and thickness together in
feet, and divide the result by 100.
11 nmJ'.'rZT}'^ ?"". '.5.?."'¥,'' '?" '"." "'^ >"" "«' tuorlar .inrl ain.l make
it necessary to use but too cubic feet of stone.
The Number ol Biicka Beqsiied for a Building
The average brick is eight inches long, four inches wide and
two inches thick, or 64(8X4X8) cubic inches; 1.73H cubic inches
make one cubic foot, and 27 bricks make 1,73S (04x37) cubic
incites. In laying bricks J is allowed for mortar, or 4J out of
every 27, leaving 231 actual bricks for each cubic foot There-
fore, multiply the dimensions— length, height and thickness— in
feet and fraction of a foot, of tlio sever.tl brick walls, and the
product by 23! and the result « ill bo the muiiber of bricks
required. Multiply by 20 instead of 33i it the bricks are Urger
than the average above given. Allowance should be made for
chimneys, projections for mantels and the like on the same
basis.
449
F'AITS F(IR BL'ILDEKS
Nuabar oi Parehu of Itow Baqiiind lor a Will or Oellu
The perch of stone la now compmed at a penjh, or 10.5 feet in
length by l.S feet in width and 1 foot in height, or S4.7S
(HSxl.Sxl) cubic feet Of this amount one ninth. 2 76 cubic
feet, is allowed for mortar and Ailing. Multiply the thr. e
dimensions of tlie waU or walls in feet-width, height and
Ihicknesa-and ihVide by 22 (24.75-3.715) if the needed quantity
of stone IS the subject of inquiry, or by 24.75 if it be sought to
ascertain the amount of masonry In the wall or cellar.
? Us:
BTTTIMa AND SELUNO LUHBEB
To find the cost of any number of feet of lumber at so much
per tliouHund feet.
fill(e.— Remove the iloclm.il point three places to the left in
any. number of feet, and multiply by the price of one thousand
feet.
ExampU.— What will a-)0 feet of lumber cost at $12 per
thousand feett Remove the point three places to the left in
859-.859, and .859x»ia-jllO,S08, the answer.
The Numbor of Cubic Feet In a Eoimd Log of Uniform Diunetor
Square the diameter, in inches, multiply by 7854 and
multiply this product by the length in feet, divide by 144. and
the quotient is the number of cubic feet.
Eatimata of the Nui-ber of Cubic Tnt in the Trunk of a Btanding
Ti«a
Find the oiroumferance in inches, divide by 3.1416 squam llie
quotient, multiply by the lengtli in feet, divide by 144; deduct
about one-tenth for thiokne.« of bark, and the result will be
approximately, the number of cubic feel;.
.460
num roB luhbebhir
inv™,edin lumber en.er,fri»e, w JT"',! 5^1 h ' I! r^"'';'"'
•i.r United States is estimated at ] 0!)4 -.u « ' "'''''' '"
almost entirely eliminated, and great inro.d7l,> ™"
thesupp,,o.vaiuab>eti„wtttr.Cr''t^:r:;i::::,t;:
Th. Kumb« o( F«t, Bo»^ M.«i™. i„ a Log of Unequal
I>iamst«ra
Square the smallest diameter in inehes. multiply hv -sy „ h
the product by the length of the lo„ in fit diviJ^ h -t' ^
the quotient will be the number of feeTof ton , 1 ' "
approiimately. °°'"'' meiwure.
Th. Himbw of P„t, Board Msasur., in . Lot of Boards, Plank,
Flooring, Scantling, Joist,, m, or Beams "
with llio .lonH, „» .1, raooeiUiK, the proportrnn va.— nff
with ti» depth of the groove and the width ut the b„ar,ls, '
Th* Hmnber of g,aaro Yards in a Floor or Wall
nine, and the quotient is the number of squP - ■ ^
451
f
\M
BOAKD AND PLAMK HKASUUEHENT-AT BIOBT
fl ■* ""f? ** 'OW*' """) )• «-< >«>» **o noMbMik Tboa, II k Bnard l> 10 n lofw 1.3
>*la.»U^addMMullllMd7Mh«nUn.4la. For t-ls riMk4aaW«ib«prM/«rt
11
3inW
71nW
HInH
>lnW
lOlllW
llinW
lainW
I3ln W
litnH
IJIDW'
tt.ln
n.:n
ft. In
nin
nil
n In
ft In
ft. In
n. In
ft. In.
8
0
8
>4
HI)
e
7 4
80
8 8
9 4
10
»
i
• 0
«»
6
8 8
90
•
tfl ft
11
i?
7«
4
9 3
10 0
ni
7<
• .1
3
10 1
11 0
1 1
13 10
12
la
lid
11(1
1 (1
II 1)
13 0
8 1'
14 0
1ft
f
1 1»
II 11
18 0
J
• 4
III 8
1 8
13 1
14 0
6
16 4
J7
11 8
1 6
18
ISO
16 0
17 8
18
Kill
HI)
1 4
14
7
18 S
20
*
HI)
It a
IS
17 0
1
18 10
21
HO
18 D
16
18 0
B
II «
14 8
■til)
17
IVO
1
33 a
88
»'
18 4
1ft U
16 8
18
200
yft 4
Ull
IA»
17 6
19
31 0
1
24 6
26
12 1
MH
i«n
IH 4
m
330
11
V, n
37
17 8
in 3
31
380
Min
28
14
1«C1
18 11
ai> 0
83
340
8
28 0
80
16 8
1?4
18 11
an
231
360
7
n 1
81 :
10 6
31
38 1
960
H
82
ino
91)8
33
34
970
t
31 8
389
!*
18 8
ill 11
38
36
380
2
w
19 4
319
34
38
I
88 10
M
i 0
mill
836
38
37
1
8S 0
87
5
888
3M
98
S
114
34 11
38
39
830
2 "8
34 9
It
80
880
1
8ti 8
41
f U2
24
81
88 8
i jjs
^ f
Si
M8
39
89
880
U '
iLL
18 0
£^
89
uo
460
BOABD TABLE MEASUREMSST— Cqiitimomp.
.2j
"InW ISinW ItfinW WinW 21lnW MinW M In W iBnWiMln'
ft.!il. n.ln. ft.ln. ft.ln. ft.la.
11 4
12 9
14 a
i?'
18 .
UIO
21 8
33 8
24 1
26 6
39 9
31 9
~ 7
- 0
36 6
36 10
38 8
89 8
14 8
16 6
18 4
30 1
39 0
38 10
26 a
37 6
ft. In. ft. In. ft. la.
16 4
17 8
19 9
91 1
38 0
94 11
98 10
98 9
ai a
83 7
34 <
86 8
83 4
40 3
47 II
49 10
16 0
18 0
900
330
340
980
3»0
800
830
340
860
880
40 0
42 0
440
460
48 0
60 0
63 0
610
660
680
600
13 9
21110
22 11
26 0
27 1
39 1
31 I
88 4
35 I
37 i
89 ;
" t
48 II
46 10
47 11
• 0
— >
64 8
452
I.UHBRB
•CANTUKO nroUOED TO ONE INCH BOARD MEASUm.
8CAMTLIN0 AND TIMBER MEASLKE
n.Dt.c.D TO o«i moa boabd «i.a.ci.,.
I
8.8 10.10 ™
9.4111. bI14.
iO. 112. fills.
t0.8ll3. 4|IS.
11.4 14. 217.
-■ 12. IB, 1&
9.6,12,819.10 19.
iff. |ia4 16. 8,20.
106,14. 17. 621.
n. 114.8 18. 4 b.
11.6 154 19. 2 23.
«.9 e.
7.C10.
8,3 11.
9. 12.
9.n,i.i
10.fi 14.
11, alls.
12. iia
12,9117.
13.618.
14,3Ift
IS. 20.
18,921.
17.3 23.
18. M.
ia9'2S.
£6.3
^"'<J'"'EgB AMD WIDTH IS IltCHEB
I fi. ilO,6I2."l3,6"8~
II0.612.3ll4. 18.0 0.4
12. !14. |1«. ifl. 10,
!13.6,lS,0'lt<. 20,3 12.
'18, IT.f.ai. 22.6 la*
• 16,6 10.3 1'2. m 19
— 18. 21. 124. I2T. «(l.
I6.319.6'22.Bi26. 120,3 17.4
nS.^i- '"♦■'l^^ ■■".« 18.8
I8.9,i'2,6 2ft3'30. 133.8 20 0
"" 24. 28. 132, !3ft h;|,4
28.6 29,9 34. 38,3 21!,8
27. 131,6 36. 406 24
28.6 33.3138, 42.B 2-1 4
30. !3S. 40. 48, 2fi.8
. — 31.6 3n.fl!42. 47.3 28.
27.6|33. ;3fi.6!44. 4n.6 2!t4
28.9 34.6,40,3 46. 181,9130 8
"" '"- 42. 48. H 1 32.
43,9100, 86.3 33.4
82.6 60. kl7.C 40.
B9.6:(>8. )7fi,6 4B.4
453
VnOKKBH AVD WIDTH TV nrOlU,
£
«.ii
«.lff
rr
TTTf 7J5
111
TH
"IT
i.*|i.iO|i:n
TO
1 ^
38.
24 fl
38 6
42.
.13
«4
1 aH.}| tt
W. 1
33.8 ^,1 40.11
41.11
40.
■■SJA
42
46,8| 51, ll M
«.
51. 1
42.f
;» f
42. 47.3 52- <
57. t
6.'L
48.
54
00.
flfl
S
W.
10 u
44.8 62.e 68. i
M. 1
70.
M.
40,1]
51.4 57.1 04. i
70. 1
77.
fiH.:
M
73.41 M.t
ML
IX
49.
66. ea. 70.
77.
M.
M.
72L
M.
88.
M.
U 1
60.1 68.2 70. 1(
KL t
01.
<ni
78.
86
104
H.
T7. 1
65.4 73.1 81. t
80. 10
m.
74.H
M.
93.
102,1
111
£•'1 »■
^1. n
70. 78.t 87. (
iW. 3
1)5.
80.
100
WL
M. 4
74,R 84. 99. 4
103. 8
12.
85,4
M
10*1.
11/,'
121.
w, i| m.
W. fl
7H BB.J 89. S
lOft I
la
WU
IIW.
7.i 6
84. M.f 105.
ll^ n
20.
an
OK
120.
132.
144.
11
m.
77. 7
88.6 9O.OtlO.10
121.11
i;«.
101,4
14.
120.1
139,'
101
110 1 130.
11. K
03.4 106. 116. b'i28. 4
140.
«. 0
S« 110.3 122. 6:iU. 0
14T.
112
IW
140.
1A4.
158.
W.IO iO-AbIIia.6il28. 6|H1. 2
IM.
117.4
132.
14';.l
wii
176.
0.11 !07.4 130.0:134. 2 147. 7
lAI
122.8
144. W. 1112. ItM. 1140. IIM.
168.
128.
144.
160.
176.
ira.
t
9.9
B.10j9.11
9.19
10.10{ 1041
lO.llB
U.l
60
1
11.19
U.U
U.ld
19.14
40.6
49.
4».1
M.
r>o
S5.
60.
A
06,
72.
78,
SI
«.i
67.t
ftl,
68.4
«. i
711,
70.1
77.
M
72.
60.8
7a i
80
80. t
68.
96.
104
lU.
7-1..1
(<1.
75.
86. f
W).
BO. I
W.
108.
117
12&
W),
83,4
01. i
nil).
100. 1(
no.
120.
«>.
018
100,1(
Ill,
110.11
121.
132.
143
151
m.
Iflt),
100.
i:9.
120.
121.
132.
144.
156.
los.
117.
10;<,4
no. i
i:io.
131. 1
143.
106.
1(i9
«4.t
OS.
IIM
I'M,
1IG,8
128. 4
140.
141. i
lU.
Wi.
182,
190.
!£<.»
i;vi
125.
137. *
IfiO.
151.1
105.
180
•M.
i;«.
144.
t:klt
140. f
IfiO.
1«I1. i
176.
192.
?08
221
27, f
1M.
141,8
170
171.1
204
li 121.<
;».
I*l.fl
102,
130.
165,
IKO
181. C
10&
210.
2.(4.
171
158,4
174. 2
l!tl.
191. 7
209.
228.
247
206.
S 136.
BO.
165.
1«0.
166.8
21H)
201. e
HT«
17S.3 189.
I'H.
192. fi
210,
211. S
231.
252.
273
294.
f».
191.6198.
I AT 4
'^-0-
w.fl
1«».9!»7.
101.9
210.10
ZV\
231.11
253.
276.
m.
822.
m.
m.
204.
188.
m.
33a
^
1£IS
lft.ie;iUJii3:i4
lllo
13.19
14.14
14.16
14.14
1S.1«
1519
90.
06.
83. 6
91.
67.6
iw.
98.
105.
112.
112.6
120,
105.
112.
98. ;
106. S
113.9
121.3
1144
vm
130.3
131.3
140.
12a
112 t
121. A
I3H.8
130.8
140.
149.4
150.
160l
i;«.
144.
126. (
136. 6
14«3
J.'-rfi.
147.
157.6
168.
mi
180.
1
liio.
140. 1(
151. i
102.6
1714
1G3.4
175.
186.8
187.6
21MK
1
176.
166. It
:90,8
179.8
192.6
205.4
206.3
220.
1
IHO
1^12.
169.
182.
195.
211.'.
l»(t.
210.
224.
22,V
240.
1
195.
?0H.
183. I
l!'7. 2
211.3
2--'5.4
212,4
227.6
242.8
243.9
260.
1
210.
224.
197 2
212. 4
245.
261.4
262.6
280.
1
•m
aw.
211. i
227. t!
243.9
260.
245.
2B2.6
280.
281.3
300,
1
2J0.
256.
225. A
242. 8
260.
?774
201.4
■/80
298.8
300.
XHK
1
272.
239. e
257.10
270 3
niH
?77.8
297.8
317.4
318,9
»Q.
11
270
W
243. 6
273.
292,6
3\2.
290.
314.
336.
337.6
m.
l!
;«5,
304.
257. 7
288. 2
30^.9
.1?9,4
310,4
3,12,6
3M.8
.1.W3
380.
»
.TOO.
320.
271. «
30a 4
3'J5.
»lti.8
32(3.8
330.
3714
375.
400.
2
31.-!,
285. fi
318. e
311.3
361, .'tis.
367.6
392.
393.9
420.
2
330.
362.
2!* 10
333. 8
357.6
381.4 359.4
38.5.
4io.a
412.6
440.
S
;mb.
308.
313.11
318.10
37,19
.10S,8 3T,5.8
402.6
429.4
431.3
4fl0l
wl
m.
384.
m.
364.
m.
410.
iHfi.
420.
448.
450.
4lia
454
LOGS REDUCED TO ONE INCH BOARD MEASURE.
tvninh In foot In top llm-, Wametcr In Inchi.i. in h
hmdnniro. Ite.ultlittonSuTol.Vi"' ''•'■'■■'"' ""'"' "" '"" ""•'
ni
455
Vombcr o( IhinglM Kvquind for « Boot
i?»/('.— Multiply the length of
the ridge pole by twice the length
of one rafter, and, if the abinglea
are to be exiiOHed 4} inches to the
weather, multiply by 8, and If
expoHeit 5 inches to the weather,
mnltiply by 7^, and you have the
number of sblnglee.
NoTK.— ShinitlPii en" Ifl Inrhra lone,
hikI ttveruK.' uImiuI 4 Inchf » wide. Thfy
un- put up in bundlfw of 2Meftch.
One bundle 16-inoh shingleo will covar 80 square feet.
One bundle 18-inoh shingles will cover Ik) RtjUHre feet
Wlien laid 5 inches to the weather, S pounds 4-penny or D}
pounds S-penny nails will lay 1.(H)0 .shlngle&
Slatinff
The thlcknesH of slates ranges from ,"g to ^ of an inch, ani
their weight varies from 3.0 to 4.fl lbs. per s((uare foot.
The lap of slates varies from 3 to 4 Inches. The standard
is assumed to be B inches.
Rule for computing the number of slates of a given size
' required per w/unre.— Subtract 3 inches from the length of the
slate, multiply the remainder by the width and divide by f).
Divide 14.400 by the number so found, and the result will be
the number of slates required.
Dimensions of Slates and Mumberi Bequired to a Bqaare
12x6 requires 5m to tho square; 14x» requires 291; 18x9
requires 21;}; 34X18 requires lor*.
Kumber of Laths for a Boom
Laths are 4 feet long and 1^ inches wide, and 16 laths are
generally estimated to the square yard.
Rule.— Find the number of square yards in the room and
multiply by 16. and the result will equal the nmuber of laths
necessary to cover the room.
To find the number of square yards in a ceiling or wall,
multiply the length by the width or height (in feet) and divide
the product by 0; the result wil be the square yarda
PRirE OF xrn.D per ronn
— • ■v W-* t-j ly ^ ^ ^ „j-
I |^??S.??=S?S3S|S?SSa82asS?S|3i§i
-— — _. _ """•"""""-■■«•
||^^S.8.S.SSsas?l^igS^SgSSS5^3S
, , . ••»°'l>«rofOordsinaPiI«ofWood
h4T„1 ^„'„S il8''<.K;f„ ZT '•""• ' '"^ "■"'" "-' * '-'
So(«(.-on. -4X7X24=673 „„l,i,. feet. 67S+13S-,;!™nk ins.
457
VALUABK MIHCELil^lNEOVS MATTBB
To Find th« Dfty of tb« Wtok on WUeh Any Dftto WUl Oe-
onr, or Hu Occarrtd Slnct tho B«(liuiiii<
of tbt Ohrtitiu Bn.
Copyright, 1IK)5, by Oris A. Kcnyon.
There are many invthiHtH nrul tableit for Hiidinfr the day of
the week of any f^iveii dntu. It will bo fuuntl tliat the
riiottt (if tlii-Hi> fover uiily a limitLul number of yt-ui*. and
Hiinio nro i'rroneiitiH. KM|H'i-ially tho lnlli>r ix liable to be true
when diitCH prior lo Septemlwr 14lh. 17.'>J, ore itivolved, fL'W
u( Ibe mrdiodM being: "t «1I n|i|)liriibK' liefore that date. The
inrthixl ^ivcn Ih^Iow rovers iin unlimited number of eenturieM,
nnd will \w found rnrrect for ult datis un and after January
Hrttt, year one, A. D.
ISOO , 4
ifttm 2
•2W0 1
zloo a
2200 4
2:i<)o a
2*00 1
INDEX rOK TUB MONTHS:
Jiiimary (leAi> year &> 6
KrbruHry (leap year 1> 2
Alun-b .. .2
AprU 5
May 0
Juno 3
July G
AuitUbt 1
SAptember 4
Oi'lobi-r a
Novpmber 2
Ueccniber 4
^pptcmher 2ikI und >tembor 14th.
nadt: when tbe Qregorlan Calendar
wbh Introduced, on tbo latter duU'.
This tabic may be indefinitely extended by jdvin;; the same
index to every fourth sncceedinjr rentennial year. For ex-
ample, the index for 2100 in ii, nnd the index for 'J500 i.s
(i; for 2200 it is 4, fur 2()00 it Ib 4, and so on indefinitely.
Notk:— Ti) nHcprtaln Hip day on which any datp ocrurB. add the
nunibrr ot ycar^ and the nunibtr of leap yoars Hinre tbe preuedinf;
< inii'iinlal yc.ir. Ihp day of the month, the Index tar tbo month, and
the I'lntpnnlul Index. Dlvhlo this by aevon and the nmalndcr will
hn the day of the wi'ek, coiintlriK Sunday an the first day; If there
Id no ri'inalnder thr dav h Satupduy.
Example 1, — On wiuit dav nf the week wax Wa^^hlngton born. Feb-
ruary 22nd 1732? (New style), Feb. 11. (old Btyle).
We must use Feb. 1 1 Instead of Feb. 22n(l In thin computation. »■*
the above method applies only to old style dates until the change In
458
loo
r.
HOD
700
MOO
. .r.
J300
1400
1700 (on and after Sept.
1752.)"
14
•There were no datPH between
17B2, on account of tbe ihanurs
LAKUtXT MUKARIKN
J: J"*;.,!?;, 'S,vr"" "•»■■"•'.
TIBS
■>•■>!• II —a. li^^ J"""."^'—'"'''
■>.«■. »-o. .b« ..,^„, ,t, ,„» .,„ j„,, „^ ^^_^^^ __^^^^
0. numtw-r of l«>«p r*.ar-
i' 9*1 *" *•" «nonih,
0, Iniltfx for the mootb
_J. (-•nUnnUI Indei,
7)48
Lib,.ri.. '*'*^ Ul>r«rtM in the World.
urlllub MuM«mn. Undon ■■■
X-. Vork Hubll Ubr"5 ^
H"»l Library, li„"o ' '
Library of CoDgri'iia, Wi.hliiMtcin
Harvard Unly.r.l.y Lib"."" ".
HtraMburc Unlveralty, Friini-e
I nptrl.l Library, Vtoo".
N'. Vork sue. Lib,,?, *
."Ji"'. "-"Vf/V- Muiilrh ...,■■■
Il'fletan Ubrarr, Oirord
Lflp.l.' Unlvfrally
N.w York City Library.' .'.'
Joyal Library, C,ppoJ,„,„
: Unlv{>ni
»>j,ll.„rt u„fv',r.r,V "Lib";';,
nibllol,... Natlon.l. &&..
'intludlni pumpblfftM.
Th. f n^"^ Li*"riei of the United States.
Ihe followinjf returns from the Reimrt of llu- Vu\
Rureau of Edurntion r..presi.„t nil lihrnri.. i„ ]Ui
IH04, ond the Hrookl.vn l',ibli.> Lihrar.v. JlHi:,) I,;
Nn. of \oU.*
■ -. .3,00').000
■ . . . 2.tiOO.lK)0
1,H'N),(HH(
■ 1.'JM.242
- ■ .l.UOK.OJfO
■ ■ - l.nno.uoo
■ -. mu.ooo
- .. fuy.ooo
. . . *MK>.000
■ Sti7,l)15
. SflO.OOO
. .. RSO.ilOO
■ ' - 500,000
■ . . 500.000
. . . BOO.OOO
' ■ fiOO.OOO
■ ni'0,o*)o
•5).
200.000 volumes;
Llbrarfen.
New York Public Llbrtryt.
Congrpa^lonal Library
Bo^.oii Pubilr Library
Harvard t'lilvPrHlty
Brooklyn PubM.> Library " (fli
New York State Llbrair.
UnlvprKlty Of Chl.aBo
Columbia UnlverHlty ■'-"*-
Valp Unlverilty 2:t5 t'.jo
Merpanill*. Library N-w ' York 2SS,Oon
Chicago Publlo Library -2G2.»tR
Cornell University •2r.8.498
Pbfladelphla Free Library 22S.022
rinrlnDatl Public Library •2')7,5S5
Philadelphia Library Company
Including pamphleta. tAr*
I Stales
lie tor
■_. OV'T
i-ludlng pampbl.... fA,'-' ' ' • Ubo.: '.iod 'fild ..'"'oilMdallo'^S:
VolumiH
1.(1 IX! Mir.
•l.ood.ijoo
*772.r.\2
4LTl,i;!io
2n:j.fiS4
2U2.1IK
201, 1S4
Pam-
phletH.
1!40,337
H:i.72.1
15(1,000
in, 000
lOII.OIIO
27.2(t8
1 5.000
31.000
'fPI
ml
i
fl
KIM.ES KOIi PAINTING
RULES FOR PAINTING
Usually one-fourth of a pound of paint is allowed for each
square yard for the first coat, and one-sixth of a pound for each
additional coat. One pound of stopping should be allowed for
every 20 square yards.
A gallon of tar and l pound of pitch will cover about 12 square
yards the first coat, and 17 yards each additional coat
Priming consists of white lead and linseed oil
Knotting consists of red lead and size.
Putty consists of Spanish whiting and linseed oil
White Paint— Twenty-eight pounds white lead. 6 pints Unseed
oil, 3 pints turpentine and 1 pound litharge, will cover about 100
square yards.
Black Paint.— Twenty-eight pounds black paint, 10 pints lin-
seed oil, 3 pints turpentine, and 1 pound litharge, will cover
about 160 .square yards.
Distemper.— One hundred and twelve pounds whiting, 28
pounds dry wliite lead, and 7 pounds glue, mixed with boiling
water.
With ordinary paints, new wood and iron work require four
coats, iocludiug the priming coat, but exclusive of any flatting
coats.
Old paint requires two coats for inside and three tar outside
work.
The following are the superficial yards which a fixed amount
of material will cover in each coat, arrived at from actual meas-
urement of work done with materials issued from store.
10 lbs. white lead,
1 oz. r«i lead,
2 oz. litharge.*
4 pints linseed oiL
Firat Coat, or Priming
> 63 superficial yarda.
Second Coat
10 lbs. white lead,
2oz. lithiirKe.*
2| pintM linseed oil,
li pints spirits or turpentine.
y 100 superficial yarrls.
Third and Fourth Goats
10 lbs. white lead.
2 oz. litharge,*
2 piiiLs linseed oil,
2 pints spirits of turpentine.
•Or i ot burnt
y 113 superficial yards.
hite vitriol, and li oz. of litharge.
460
B. i.,;.s Foil ivujwuo
For ontside work, « en ixnoseil m ■ .
fhould be u«,d to pre.» , ^hT'^lT 'roj^: T" ""^"«-»
boiled linaeed oil should L uL L 'T- .""■'"«■ """' ™'J'
n«y be used, but the leToHhe fZ " "''"'' '""' ""^^
coat, the color beinKKreund i„ '^ -^"^ ^'" "» """'"g
colored ,»ints, the Luwo eJats "av" '■'"'^ " '""'^- "■"
composition in the p™x,rMonTl, 7 ''.'^'°' "''''«"'> ">e
of surface to he S^ Id h '"™'''' '"■•"■''''■'» >-"'"»
«»Oucedinpr„,^rtfon '^'' ''™''"*^ "' ""'"" '»<i fa
"'raureaOHPAWTSPOETIHTS
White and blaok make gray tint. *^-
White and purple make Uvender tint.
wht a:^^'srk^'p"rnr '"-' »-'' -" --
UUnunwine blue and lake make purple.
S^««' ^^ ««> purple make ruiT
White and ultramarine blue make sky blue
Ultramarine blue, black and white mike sUte.
Wilion and black make Turker Z ^
White, yeUow, red and blaok make umber.
Bua._White lead and yellow ocher
OhMtnut-Light red and black
Dr,b.-White i^T f "'"■ ''"'""• " ^'«"'«»» ^d-
L(warm) wSt^le^'t""' """»■■• ''°'' " ""'» '•■'"°- ocher
^ wmt. lead, «w umber, and a Uttle blaok (oool).
461
BUI.f-«-! F(m PAINTrNQ
Of ^™ Oolor-Same u for flesh color, with atone ooher iuitead
n»«h Oolor.-Uke, white lead, and a little vermiUon.
™eh Or»y.- White lead with Prussian blue and a little lake
I Jy ™'"--C'>">me yellow with a Uttle vermilion and white
«8^; or Naples yellow and realgar.
Oray (oommon).-White lead and a little black.
iMd Oolor.-Whlte lead with black or indigo.
Lemon Oolor.-Ch.ome yellow and white lead; more of the
first than in straw color.
1J1«— Same as for French gray, but with leas white.
v!^Trz°''^~^ "'"^ "^^ ^ "-"p'^ '■~™ "
Oak Oolor.-White lead with yellow ooher and burnt umber.
unye.-Blaok, yellow, and a little blue; or yellow, pink, lamo-
blaok. and a little verdigris. "^
fflive Oreon.-Prussian blue and raw umber.
. °"°f»-5''>'ome yellow and vermilion (bright), yellow ooher
ana red lead (duller).
PeaOre«n._White lead and Brunswick green: or white lead,
Prussian blue, and some chrome yeUow
Peach Oolop.-White lead, with vermilion, Indian red or
purple brown.
Peail Oray.-White lead, with a little black, and a liUle
Prussian blue or indigo.
Piin>le.-White lead, vermilion, indigo or black, rich, dark
red or colors for French gray.
with a little whita
Salmon Oolor.-Venetian red and white lead.
Mver Oray.-Same as for pearl gray.
tty Blue -White lead, Prussian blue, and a little lake.
Btone Oolor.-Whito lead and yellow ooher. with a little burnt
or raw umber.
Stone Oolor (gray). -White lead, and a small quantity of black.
straw Color.— Chrome yellow and white lead.
Violet,— VermiUon, white lead, and indigo or black.
462
VALUABLB MISCBLLANEOUS MATTER
VALUABLE MISCELLANEOUS MATTER
Vmitd Suiu Und Mu.ure
A Township is 36 sections, eacli a mile nantrc a . ••
acres A quarter section, half a mile X is fw c'rTs " T
eighth section, half a „,i,e long, no„h a'd soith, a^d o narfe';
of a m,le w.de, i, 80 acres. A sixteenth section, a ouarte of a
raile square, is 40 acres. ' 1"""''' "I a
co^e'r, to'sT' ''"' '" """"■"■"^ ' '° ^' ™"""-=-^ ■>' "-"-St
The Sections are all divided in quarters, which are nimcl hv
hsl:fewr'Th''r""''"™'- Theqnartersarrr n
The south ha^L^^f," ''™"-l'«°" °l « '""yacre lot would re.,d:
. nlTnto^,!^ h ^f ''■™' ''"" "' "■" »<>»th-we.t quarter of.ec-
t.on 1 ,n towush.p 24, north of range 7 west, or as the case u.i.ht
™;„beror™™ """' '■"' """'• »'"' »»'"'■«">« overrun The
number of acres it is supposed to contain.
Rules for MeMuring Und .nd Town Lot.
q, (. , . , RMtanmUr Pmccb
RmE" 'lni;"7 f; °i' """' '" " ■•''<^'a"«"lar piece of land,
divide bjTm'^'' ''"^'' '" '"•^' *"■ '"" ''"■■■""" '" ™1«. and
n hen the triangle is a right-angled triangle.
^x^Mw. i"'^ "'" ^''"*' ""^ "'= '""K"- a"'3 divide by 2.
MAMPl.E._How many acres of land in a triangular field m
rods long and 40 rods wide?
465
ll.
ill
V.\HJABLE MISC'El.LANEOrS UATTEB
OPERATION
60x40-1-9=1,900 sq. rods. 1,300-1-160=7} acres.
WHERE THE TRIANGLE IS NOT A RIOUT ANGLED TKIANOLS
FIG. 1
If a triangle is without a right angle, a perpendicular has to
be found.
J2u/e.— Multiply the base in rods by the perpendicular height
in rods, and divide by 3, and you have the area in square rods.
Eaeample.—'Biow many acres in a triangular fibid whose base
or side is 140, and its width (perpendicular height) is 60 rods?
OPERATION
140x60+3=4.200 sq. rods.
4,200 ■»■ 16U=26i acres. Ans.
To And the area of a piece of land when only two of the oppo-
Iste sides are parallel.
X
FIG. 3
Rule.— Add the two parallel sides together, and divide hy 8,
and you have the average length. Then multiply the width in
rods by the length in rods and divide by 160, and you have the
number of acres.
Example.— Hovf many acres of land In a field, the two parallel
aides of which are 80 and 130 rods long, and 50 rods wide?
OPERATION
80+120-1- 3=100 rods.
100X50-t-160=81J acres.
Ans.
To Lay OS SnuQ Lots of Land
Farmers and gardeners often find it necessary to lay off small
portions of land for the purpose of experimenting with di£Ferent
crops, fertilizers, eta To such the following rules will be
helpful:
One acre contains 160 sq. rods, or 4,840 sq. yards, or 48,660 sq.
feet. To measure off one acre it will take 208[^ feet each way.
466
VALLABLE JIIHUELLANKOUS .MATTER
f?°r!lf^r", 1".'" *"■'* "^* '"' '■'^'' '™5'- OnethirJ acre
lWHe«t sad. way. One-eighth acre it will take 7:1} feet eLu
To Maasurs Tows Loti
R^/<. -Multiply the lejgth in feet by tlie width in f..,.t and
d. vde t..e result by 43,M« and you will have the fra- ",n I t
of an anre in the lot ■ ■."■".u |..irt
So(u«,-o)i._iooxW=7.l500 sq. feet
7,500
To Find the Number of Acni in a Oiven Number of
Square Koda
n,f,"£'~?*°"'™ "*' ■'"'""^ •"'•" '""" P'""^"" to ' I'" left in the
number of square rode, divide by 8 and multiplv bv 5 and you
have the number of acres. .>'. .'"ujou
Exampk.~Bow many acres in a piece ot land SO rods long and
tr 3S^S<^tref " '-'' '^= -"' --'
Land Measurements
7.92 inches make. .
25 links (!6M feet) make '''"^
•Irods (68 feet) make.,.. ■■\"'.'^
10 square chains (43,560 square f,,.,V \nAv. ', '. '. ', '. '. '. ! ,.;";"
208 feel and S-i inches square make
80 chains (320 rods, or .MW f,.el ) make.' .'.' ^Z
I mile square contains. . , , ' ',
*hO acres
Nautical Measurement!
6 feet make.
lOO fathoms make 1 fathom
tZlTj ' ' """""• ^-.»hichi,g„„eral.,v,.„nsidered
467
n
PAOn AUODT XOHXT
FACTS ABOUT U0NE7
AtMolntely pnre gold ii 24 carata fine.
Many Roman tin ooina ate known to be in exiitenee.
The gold eoina of Great Britain contain one-twelfth alloy.
The Spartana had an iron coinage, no other being allowed.
The United Slates ailvar 3c. piece was first coined in 1851
The English mint was established by Atelstane about 928.
£,"■"1*28 to 1845 platinum coins were minted in Kuasia.
IMI * coining machine was invented by Bruchner in
The notes used by the Bank of England cost exactly lo
each.
Julius OiBsar was ihe first man to put his own imam on
a com,
Aristotle says that "money exists not by nature but by
law.
The first colonial coinage was minted in Massachusetts
in 1652.
In the tenth century there were thirty-eight mints in
England.
The American cents of 1787 bore the motto "Mind Tour
Business."
IMo" ^^^'""^ """' ""^ *"' '" ™'" money, about B, C.
Homer mentions brass money as in us^e B. C. 1184, amoni
the Greeks. '
Brass money was coined in Rome by Servius TuUins as
early as 573 B. C.
During the reign of Henry VIII., 23 to 25 per cent, of
con. metal was alloy.
The most ancient coins are of electmm, four parts of irold
to one of silver.
The coinage of 20o. pieces began in 1875, and was discon-
tinued in 1878.
The coinage of trade dollars began in 1874, and was dis-
continued in 1878.
Before the days of coined money the Greeks used copper
nails as currency.
Herodotus says that Cnens was the first sovereign to
make coins of gold.
In 1503 the first English shilling was minted. It bore the
king's image.
1
— __
1'
9 •
SS
u
HI III
l|
H
u *
3 W
(1
sS
S <•
!l
^ n
Si
VALUE OP MONEY
11
"s, lO tn ic lA
S S S S S" S S" 3 S £ g g g ,»; ,9
'-' -^ ?l Ti lO
S3
■■a
II
W.49,8
0.99,6
1.49,4
1.99,i-
2.49,0
2.98,8
3.48,6
3.98,4
4.48,2
4.98,0
9.96,0
14.94,0
19.92,0
24.90.0
".== = ".'=»-»'- O = 3 O O =
3Si8SSSfeflS3 S S"2 .5 SJ
g -• -H M m n -» m ic !d cj g ;o ^; jg
1-
2afe{:8S"SSSK"gg,<5e.3S
is
«(0 ^ N CO ® .»■ ?J
asifs"2S!Wsgs3?,'gi
II
^ ^ ^ ^ »
!D n 0= « o 35 lO « » o « U5
SKSSS§2S§SSSig:S5fs
a°=32asiss5ss|sg|
.
2*
1
1
4fi9
1
—
n
VALUK OF MONEY
I
y - a "
3 e-S •
3B
«3
»is"| Is:
p3-2- III
oooco =ca
a
6 .
"2 Is
2 8 .IS
= 0-55
lis B
Bars 3 .
« is ■isf^-'
J!
o
ij
8
i
s
s
i' si
S.55"
!|Si
ssr
c2'^ ^^ £
S s
i£2-Ss^£3slS|g^l:i^lSgSog-
^si^s^x £^'is£S£39'$i'iS>'lssS'^'Siis
$£Sc=oS£
9 o E 3 o •- "Oi. o o.;
" g 5 o o Sa-^'-s S g * ■ S"S
22H222 U^
"" a o oc'S— o
22222 222222222^''''°'022^^''''^^'o^
;:?
££
470
=41
lis
"5$
sSgs
■S
Jao
l-^l
VALl-E OF JIONKV
- 0'
afi
tMiiiiiiiiiiii^i
liiliitMliilJl
VALUABt,*: MISCKIJiANEOUH MATTER
MliealUiwoui T«bl* of Thlngi, INituMi. Booki, Ste.
fii:
^:
Ai 1-1
11!:
A tmok roiiipow^l of KhfH>tfi foMcd
into 2 Icavt'^ ih a frilo.
A Ihmik rnni|MM«-(l of Ntif*-t9 folutu
Into 4 IcitVfH in a qimrto.
A tXKlk ri)lll|HIM>ll of HllM-tfl fDitlCtl
into H leuvi's Is an <iriiivi) (i^vo).
A lMM>k rumiKMcil of Mlu>«>t'i folrlfil
Into 12 li'uvt'H 1m u -luoilct'inio
(12mo).
A hook compcwfil of Hlieeta lolilcJ
Into 10 k>avi'!i In a lUrnu.
12 units makp 1 dozen.
12 rtozt'n iiinkt! 1 gntnu.
12 gtnuA (144 dozen) make 1 RTful
flTOWt.
20 units muktf I Hcnre.
ii6 poundM of buttrr make I firkin.
100 pouiiilx of liHh niaki^ 1 quinlul.
196 iKiMiHlfl of Hour nidkr I Imnel.
200 [Hiuiiils of iHt'f, inrk, Hliud or
salmon n)ak<^ 1 hiirrt'l.
24 Hheet.4 of iiii|H-r make 1 quire.
20 quires make I ream.
2 rcamit make I tiumilc.
fi huiiill4>N make 1 tiale.
3 barleyconiH make i li. '
18 inrhofl make 1 rubit.
23 inchi's make 1 sacred rubit.
0 ^llonn make 1 Kntilisb tirkln.
2 firkl^^< makf I kilderkin.
2 kilderkins make I barrel.
2.1 poimd.>i make 1 keir (tmwder).
too T'OundM make 1 cental (tn^ln
mpaaun-l.
100 poumlfi make 1 cask (raisin mcos-
ure).
2S6 pounds make 1 barrel of soup.
280 ponndH make 1 barrel of salt.
31} fcallon)) make 1 barrel (wine
meAHure).
42 Rallons make 1 tierce (wine meas-
Uie).
03 Rallons make 1 hoRPheaa (nine
measure).
64 xallon.'i make 1 puncheon (wine
musurc).
130 nUlona make 1 plpo (wine meas-
ure).
2fi2 icmIoiu make 1 tun (wine fieaH-
iirci
8 buxMs of wbeat (of 70 IIin. eatli)
make 1 quarter (Luro|>eun ni<'ui«-
un;).
8 busliels of salt make I boirfbead.
30 bunheU of cf>al makv t diulilnni
(llnffllsb).
33 bushels make 1 clialdn>ii (Amtr-
Icar
14 poui. .!* make 1 stone.
2lf stones make 1 [)l|{ (Inin).
8 iilg!) make I fotber.
24f cubic feet (niawinry) make 1
perch.
100 Hqnare feet (caritcnlry) niuko 1
Mquare.
l.TtiO ,vard.s (ft,2*l0 feet) make 1
Htatute mile.
2,028-63 yards (O.OHS.O ttxt) make 1
nautical mile.
3 miles mak:' I Icuiiue.
mi statute nnlea make 1 deCTee (of
falltude).
60 KraKraphical miles make 1 deKTee
(of latitude).
360 dcKTees make 1 circle.
(10 pairs of sbocH make i ca-ie,
0 Indien make 1 quarter <iil it yard).
3 quarterH make 1 ell (i-leriii>li).
fi quarters make 1 ell (KnKli>in.
0 (inarters make 1 ell (I niicli).
4 Im-lien make 1 band (nieaxurmK
horse.s).
6 feet make 1 fathom (depth of
water),
120 fathoms make I cable-lenxtb.
71 cable-lengths make 1 mile.
640 acri'it make 1 souare mile.
311 sfiuare miles maKC 1 township.
4tarthlnKaniake 1 penny (marked d).
Vi pence make 1 shdlhiK (marked n).
20shillin(nmake 1 pound (marked £).
21 .stiilllnss make 1 uulnea.
fi shiUiogs make 1 crowu.
472
mmum m mi Mt im.
Niw Ve.r'i
R|)||ihany .
r>.y,.
FNiRiuiir b^irihi on,
»»Wii»KB*inni Sunday !
M*icii KfiriMon
St. Oavici . .
St. Palriok
Annum latlon.
Mm SuikUj-
iMy i^y
\mu bpvinion
Ooal j'Jw^y
Kulf r Hvnd9.\
WW MtiiHlay , , ,
81. Oeorjfo
H«» bexlnion
Acreuion Klnir O-totm V
Rojtation Sunday ,
A«Cf niion Day, ' Ilwly Ihi
Victoria Day... .
Hirth o( (juMn Mary
PsiiiecMt. Whit Sunday!
JVKHlMflMOn
Corpua Chrirtf . .
Blrl>i of frlnr* a| wiiti.
Jt'i-tlwiriniOB.,..
Dominion Dty ,
AlWIThflfJ,|,OTl
««TiiiiMRi>n(in.on.,
Ubop l>aj ,
W.MlctuMii. Micliaf Im*. i%,
Oi-Tonii h*ifl(u on .
NoviMBinbvKinio
fl. Andrew .
J"i ■'"'»• I am Jm*
am •■ nnijiiM
3(lh .. j uiH JiuM
Memlajr
IK Julf
Thuradaj'
Sunday
3nd H«pi.
Mth .,
IrtJoi/
rriday
MoiMlu
ahh
BIrthol On. Alewn-lra, im
Ut Sunday In Advm..
lit. Thonui , .
t'hrtatiBM Day '.'.'.'.'..',','.
|30th Nov,
8«turdajr
SOlhNov:
■ ?""•'')' Monday
■ «J Dec. lit D^S
COMPARATIVE TIMES AT VARIOUS POIWtTtH^^^^I;^^" ' "
/■r.,ar,J ,.ri i-wNiri^ J, r.rmluicZ/^.r ^"""UQHOUT THE WORLD
DISTAKCC8 AND UAIL TIMB
nmtAMOUAKD MAIL mil TOfOUXail
Tnoirr or raw tobk
cnntnoii
Bt Pootal Rorm -ro—
I mum.
AjMkldf. via San r.uiclKo
Alauiiifirla, via London
AmMtrcum, via Loodon
Ahtwvrp, via London
Atbtu. via Loniloa
BkEiftTBruU
Btnckok, HlAin, via 8«n Fnnct«fo . ,
BstKvlft, Java, via London
BtfUn, via London
Bombay, via Lrnidon
BranwQ, via London
Butooa Ajma, via London
BUMUM AyTM
Calcutta, via Umdon
Cap* Town, via l^ndon
Oofutantlnople, via London
Ftoranca, via London
Olainnw
Ornrtown. via New Orl«ana
HalUai. N. a
HambuTff. via Londm
Bamburs. direct
BonsKonc' via Sari Franclaco.' '.'.'..
Honolulu, via San FTiacivca
London, via Queenstown
London, rid Bouthampton
Madrid, via London
Melbourne, via San Franctsca .
Ilextco Clir (Railroad)
Mexico CI
Panama..
Parti
Rio d« Janeiro.
Home, via London
Rottndam, via London
St. fttenbun. via London. . . ,
Sbanihai, via Ban Francisco . .
Stocluudm. via l^mdoti
Ardney, via San Francisco . . . .
Valparalao, via Panama
Vienna, via London
Yokohama, via 8an Francisco .
ia.845
O.IM
3.««A
' 4,000
I fi.66a
a, 1170
13.900
13.800
4,3U
0,7SA
4.23a
B,(M5
8,045
11,130
11,340
6.H10
4,W)0
3..-i7»
a.Kio
MS
4.340
4.»t30
1413
10.800
fi,64A
3,H0
3,740
:i,7flO
4.025
12.265
3,750
2,356
4,020
0,204
A,030
3,935
6.370
9,730
4,076
11.679
6.010
4.740
.7,348
OOKAH DIBTAirail
Nautical mis.
Statute Ulln.
torn New York to Queenstown
rom New York to Liverpool
2,823
3,063
3;i69
3,204
3,600
3,370
4,190
i:i!S8
?:Si8
8.216
11??
i:§S?'
3 882
torn New York to NapUi .'.■.*.
3,196.8
rom San Francisco to ShanKhal
rom Ban Francisco to Hons Kong
lom San Francisco to HanllB
7,718.4
8,640
7,160
474
I>I1IT.\NCEH AND
MAIL TIJIK
b.t,«. ■„ T„k City „d Mnclp^ «!!:^; " "~
to tin UniUd luui
Namm nr ri
Allany, N. Y
AtUtitB, (J» .
B«ltln)orp, Mil.
goMiin, Mua
BulTdo, N. V,
OlMlrtton, H. 0
Clllcno. Ill
Clnclnn»ll. Ohlu
a;vrf.n.l. Ohio. .
Omcord, N. H , - - ,
Forlw.y„. ,„,i;;;;; 7M
galvmton. Tex \ .la
M«IIT;mii liaiir,
.N.Vfii
Hn. Mm
N. V. '
P».
1.78»
1H2
113
808
I. .103
I. .106
1.300
liT.""™* Colli!.. .,
indlanAoollfl, Imt .
Kaiuu bljr. Mo. .
if •"no'onh. K«n.
{utile Rock. Ark. .
joutavllle, i£v.. , -.i-
Jjobllc. Al»
MontKom.-ry. au' " '
NMhvll],. t™nl . :
New OrlfBna, La.
Norfolk, va ' •
Omaha Neb..::."'
Pblladelphla, Pa..
KttHbuK. Ptt . .
Portlamf, Me.,
grovidenre. R. I. '.* " "
Richmond. V».
i^'crso^'f. ■■■•■
iii.%"c',;;;r,.h iHss
Trenton. N'. J. J.0|9
v^cksbiiFK. Miss. . . : : ,«|
Washington I> r 1,288
Whw lnK3 va 228
WilmlngtbD"-Tw.r I JM
e.-j.j
21. (H)
20, fX)
IH.(K>
liJ.i'.l
7.1.1
lA.flO
iw.r.-.
40.2.-,
A. If)
2.»i.1
I I . Ill ,(
11^: I'.M.
OSA
1.230
1,057 I
«9S
1.344
4JI0
1.383
344 .. ,
3.099 io;( I
1.048
40.;
3L'.00
20.4.'>
42.7.5
8.50
30.00
2.. 10
12.. 10
B.OO
.1.00
12.N.1
1.10.00
24.2.1
31.:i5
115.. 10
l.lfl.OO
25.00
24.00
1.7.1
3B.23
7.50
14.25
3.10
M.l
lO-.-fr^.M.
"i.:t7 A.M.
l'>.47.i.M.
II.Ha.k.
10.5.1 A.M
1 1. 0.1 A.M.
(1.04 A.M.
II 10 a.m.
11. on A.M.
10. .Hi A.M.
U.51 A.M.
'0,;f2A.M.
™»*«ly oonwjt. are to be taken us approil-
L
475
J
if
::;i
li
DISTANCES AND RAILWAY FARES
TABLE SHOWING DISTANCES AND RAILROAD FARES
FROM CHICAGO TO ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES OF
THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA.
(Firtt-CliM Far* only it Givan)
Akron O.
Albuny N.Y.
Albuauernue N.M.
AIleKlH-ny City Pa.
A11ent4)Wii Pu.
AlUsDce O.
Altiiunu Pa.
Annapolio Md.
Atlanta Ga.
AUantlRCity N.J.
Atrhison Kan.
AuKueta Ue.
Augusta Oa.
Aurora 111.
Austin Tex.
Bangor Me.
Baltimore Md,
Battle Creek Mich.
Bay City Mich
Bellalre O.
Berlin Ont.
BirmlnKhRm Ala.
BOBtOtI MRB8.
BrIdBeport Conn.
Buffalo N.Y.
BurlhiKtan la.
Burlington Vt,
Cairo 111.
Canton O.
Cape May N.J
Cedar Rapids In.
Charleston S.O.
Chattanooga.. ..Tenn.
Cheyenne Wyo,
Cincinnati O,
Cleveland O.
Columbus O.
0'>unril Bluffs la.
Columbia 8.C.
Concord N.H.
Oorsioana .Tex.
Crestline O
Dalian Tex
Davenport la,
Dayton
Decatur
Denver Colo,
Des Moines la-
Detroit Mich.
Dover Hel.
Dubuijue la.
««7.^
3.=i tW
a 50
in 00
7 55
13 43
IRCO
19 %
19 25
9 50
22 50
22 90
74
25 15
•23 K5
17 50
» as
5 65
9 40
980
17 00
19 00
•21 00
10 50
4 12
21 19
7 30
6 75
•20 00
4 56
26 30
1.^ JO
m 65
600
6 75
7 00
9 75
25 70
22 25
28 25
6 45
21 25
8 75
Dunkirk N.Y.
Lmluth Miun.
Ktgin 111.
K.rle Pa.
Evansvllle Ind.
Fall Kivcr MasB.
Fargo N.D.
andlna fla.
Fitchburg MaHti.
Fort Wayne Ind.
Forest O.
Fort Scott Kan.
Fort Worth Tex.
Frankfort Ky
Preeport Ill,
(Galveston Tex
Ualenburg Ill
Gettysburg Pa.
Grand Rapids. ..Mich.
Grenada Mlf>s.
Green Bay Wis.
Greenville ...Tex.
Hamilton Can.
Hamilton O,
Hannibal Mo.
Harrisburg Pa,
Hartford Conn,
HaHtlngti Neb.
Haverhill MaNti.
Helena Mont.
Hot Springs Ark.
Holly Springs . . . Ulss.
Houston Tex
Hudson N.Y.
Indianapolis Ind.
Iowa City la,
Ithaca N.y
ackHonville
JackHon Miss.
Jackson Mich.
Janesville Wis.
Jefferson City Mo.
Jolict Ill
Kalamazoo Mich.
Kansas City Mo.
Keokuk la.
Knoxville Tenn.
LaCroHBC Win.
Lake Geneva Wis.
Lancaster Pa.
{Lansing Mich.
a so
5 75
22 00
12 61^
27 «0
19 00
3 75
645
11 40
21 2»
7 65
226
25 80
2 28
17 60
S 60
m 74
3 95
19 65
10 60
640
5 26
17 26
19 50
12 90
19 75
40 50
14 00
12 83
24 35
19 31
8 70
4 75
16 30
26 15
22 00
4 00
1 82
7 70
74
2 8.1
9 20
5 00
13 go
6 60
1 47
18 i=.
N^je _In states where the fare is fixeil by law at 3 cents per
mile, as in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, etc., tickets
TAHK
830 m
!t 20
S40
11 10
12 HO
2 40
aooo
9 a
59 D8
2 74
5 45
200
22 00
IHOO
4 22
10 78
10 30
18 00
20 25
23 00
7 30
18 00
22 00
606
10 50
30 20
18 00
9 H5
10 00
18 00
59 58
18 00
22 00
S 10
3 10
Le»Te»worth...,Kan;
LexInfTton.. Kv
Linfoln ,.., V|.i,
Little Rock.... '"Ark
LoKansport tna
Long Branch N J
LoudoD tian'
Los Angeles Cal
Lyons .... jj,'
?j»^|8on .■.v;;ind.
MadiBoa ^yjn
Manchester. ,,ji y
Uscon (ia*
Manitowoc "wis
Marquette JUtu'
Uarshalltown..... la
™*'™l'''lB Temi.
Menominco Mk-h.
Mlwankec wis.
MinnvapoiiB Minn,
MoHne Ill
Montpt'ller . . , . ""'vt'
Montftomery Ata!
Mobile _A|„
Montreal 'can
Muscatine.... "a
Nashville Tenn
Nebraska City ...Nel.
New York... N Y
New Haven.. ...comi.
New Orleans La
Newark o
Newark ' N .1
Newark "n Y
Newport ;.H,i
Newport kv
Niagara Falls ... N Y
ORrten. utjih.
UKdeNHburK ... k v
oncity...r.:::;; p»
^«t>a Xeh.
gj'awa Can.
£»?»<*ena Oal
Patterson n .1
^nsacola Fia
^fria Ill
Peru inrt
Philartelplila p«
PineBluir Ark
PlttfiburK Pa
Portland "mc
Portland Ore'
Port Huron...... Mich'
PortBinouth. , o
P"K*'lo -■.Colo.
Pullman ni
Quebec can,
(Julncy ,
Kacine.
KalelKh „ ,.
Kichinond... , ' inri
Hichmond -
Kockford.
Rochester..,
Hock Island
Rome j; Y
San Antonio. , ".' " 'i-ii v
sm'"«» .mi:
14 H Salt Lake C'lly Utah
3 2; sai,du,ky.:::;::^;t^
1.5 90 8eatte... Wn.i
5 00 Slii,ni,,iV...V TiS'
I 70 Shrevcport.. in
Slouicity... ,;
Sprinarfleld '. '"o
SpriiwrHcM n,
Sprlimieid jij„
Spokane Fall... w«»b,
Hteuhenvllle.. o
S«-';<'"|» '.Mo.
*'■?«"'■■ Minn.
St. Joaeph M«
syracuae nv
i"™' Wash:
Tallahaasee Fla
I8nn tS™?"'"' ■"'1
l»"ffff""" A''
Toledo..;'.;;; A\
Topeka "kin
Toronto.. o!
Trenton...... ji
Troy NY
Urban..... ij
Utiea NY
"«|"|>u« ;;;Mii
S?™""™ lud,
Waco ygj,
Wa8liIngton...'.';.'D<'''
West Point XV
Wheeling w Va
White MonntaJna N.H,'
lilM WI„nlpe|,,..u,Va"a
*> ■>0 Xeiiia n
9 00 Yankton.... sn
22 m Youn^stown . . .v.". 0
2., ^ [ZaneM-ille ...r)
19 00
3 f!2
15 76
» 50
5 43
59 .18
m 20
41 m
I! 50
24 7r»
59 .58
17 40
10 20
rl Hi
3 70
19 00
.W50
S .W
5 80
8 00
12 50
14 !IK
M 00
27 m
3 fiO
22 20
5 M5
5 50
II 00
10 95
19 m
IM l.-i
fi 46
Hi 04
18 (W
4 75
2!! 45
17 .W
18 00
8 75
19 m
U 70
18 00
(1 00
2n 70
where enacted.
■ state or states
477
VALUABLE MISCELLANEOUS MATTER
,\i
'ill
III
Lina of Pflipetnil Bnow
The line of perpetual snow varies with latitude, and !■ as folloira
in feet above sea-level.
Latitcub
Feet
Latitude
Feet
16,260
I4,7C4
13,478
114S4
40
0,000
10 .
50
6,334
20
3,818
80
t^
i:278
Longest BiTan
MILES
Hissouri'Mississlppl 4. 104
Nile '.^...........4;020
Vang-Tze 3,168
Amazon 3,063
Yenisei 2,960
Amur 2,020
Congo 2,883
Deapeit Sau
FEET
Pacific Ocean, deepest 30,000
Atlantic 27,000
Southern 25,000
Indian 18,000
Arctic 8.000
Uke Baikal 4,080
Caspian 8ea 3,600
jiit
is-
k r
n.
n ■
A OEMTUHT OF FBOOBX88
The nineteenth century received from its predecessors the
horse. We bequeath the bicycle, the locomotive, and the
automobil&
We reoeived the goosequill, we bequeath the fountain pen and
typewriter.
We received the scythe, we bequeath the mowing machine.
We received the sickle, we bequeath the harvester.
We received the hand printing press, we l)equeatb the Iloe
cylinder press.
We received the painter's brush, we bequeath lithography, the
camera, and color photography.
We received the hand-loom, we bequeath the cotton and
woolen factory.
We received gunpowder, we bequeath nltro-glycerine.
We received twentytliree chemical elements, we bequeath
eighty.
We received the tallow dip, we bequeath the arc light
We received the galvanic battery, we bequeath the dynama
We received the flint lock, we bequeath automatic Maxims.
We received a sailinj hip, we t>equeath the steamship.
We received the beacon signal fire, we bequeath the telephone
and wireless telegraphy.
We received leather fire-buckets, we bequeath the ateam fire-
engine.
478
CANADUN CEN8DS
CENSUS OF CANADA, ion
•hown by the Censn. of 190:. ' ""'"P"^'' *'"" the population
C....1. ... s<l.Mlle..
Alberla 3.'29.e«6
Ontario ... ,!'■*"«
sa.kaiche.a„'::;;; '"•»"
Vukon . 251,700
North w.,.v.;,,-,„;i;.;:;;,,,\"J;,»,'J
Pop. 1911.
7,204.527
371,663
302,480
<S5,61<
351,889
492,338
2,523,208
93,728
2.002,712
492,432
8,512
I«,961
Pop. 1901.
WJ1,315
73.022
178,857
255,211
331,120
«59.574
2,182,947
103,269
1, 8,898
PRINCIPAL TOWNS AND CITIES ,
27.219
20,129
c.i..r,-r.-r°"
Cutor
Coleman
Eriigoutoti
[•etbbrldse .
M«cl«ocl
Medicine Hat..
Hed Deer
BtrattaeouB .
WelMkiwln . .
ii.vio,.p^pu-tau;»';;oT;4*S*ov«^ Canada
19II Census
■•■■j;»^r"^^
i«&ej mi^r-
NEW BRUNSWICK. &«'■! -•■
.8.579 CbaAam V... 4 lill?*"*""
2.411 OalbouHle ? S^lTruro
•.-l.|K»Bourli
■ -iJ-M? Virden .,
■ !.1.'U4
. .9.808
■■■2.081
■ ■■0.383
■ -.6,418
■ ■■■2,aM
. . .3.17»
■ . .7.<T»
...6,713
. -.3.1110
■ 17.723
1.74D
BBITISH COI.UMBU. fesr ■■■■■■■1^^^^^ ■-■■■^
Cbllliwick .
tranbrook .
Fernle ....
Onrnd PoTU
Asmloopi ..
Kelow&a . .
Ladysulth ..
Naaalmo ...,
Nelson 4 irftl
New W«.liBlH8ter.;i3;i»
I'rlDce Kupert - j i™
Bevelitoke . .
ItOSMlBIld ....
Vait(^)uver . . ,
Vernon
Victoria ...,;;
^., Mtryaville 7 'S? Vannouth
.607 Hllliowii .. }'23]
yMMoncton :i'^\ OX'
S.ugolUoDcton
8.1« Newcaatle
f->8f Woodatock"
■ ■■1.184
.100.401
. . .2,671
■ .31.660
11.34S
••■?-2i5^<^t«'>
.•:«SJ&,r"..:-
■ ■■<>.9(Mi Aurora
NOVA SCOTIA. ffll^
Amhent SftTJo*'!?'"'^
Brldfewater 2 tk S'""' «'^"
Canao ... fi?? gowminTlIle
MANITOBA.
Brandon ,
liaupbln
Neepaws
-..1.720
- - ■2.323
■ ■ .2,482
.■■2.9UII
-■■4.405
■ -.1.001
. ■ 2,102
■ ■ -6.420
. - -tt.87a
-19,100
■ .2.558
ci-n.. D..- ■ -•™ Brentford
Keotvll" HI? ,?""»81"« 1831
23,132
.1.770
(1.374
. -2,1001 Carleton Place ,....a.
,831
CANADIAN CENSUS
rharUsin 10,770
( lUTHi^jr 1 734
':""""> '.'.2,3tU
j,**":g .0.OT4
I,"''"" B.H3N
('iH'brun<> J 7JB
Colli uicivfN Ml 7.090
COH'PI- fllff 3.082
iil'-nw"" a.sm
Dencrduto 2 ow
PrfwlMi ilHtl
P""«''i» 4.a»tt
l*"","*'!!*' 2.861
niirlinui ] Qg]
KMtTlew 3.180
Eliulrv 1 782
Kxrtvr i.tma
£*•■«"" 1.834
rort iTHrirla 1,611
Port Wllllntn ifl.^M)
"alt in,29»
(iHiinmNiiif 8.8i)4
liMrKfton-u 1,683
Odlerlch 4.522
Orav^nliiirHt l 024
Orlniiby i.flOB
Hullcyl.ui-y 3,574
HaniilMii 81.wm
ilaiiiivi'i' 2.342
If H n If 4^1 til r; 4,4no
II»*M|ifl4'r 2,36S
HHnlHt'lllc 2,368
luxemill 4,703
Kfiiora fl,iB8
Klnc-nnllQe i.bm
Port Hoik- B.rtI>2|Jollp«p fl..-)40
PortHtnautti 1,780 LacblDr lO.OBU
I'rwicott 2.WI1 I-achute 2,4i)7
Preston a.HfW Lar Mpfffliitlc 2.390
RalDjr River l.UTN Lauratrli- 2,3M
H^iif retv 3.H4fl I/Ana*>m|itl<>n 1,747
HI'IgMuHO l.rUI4 lA TiHiiie 2.M4
Rocklaud 3..'197 Lauion 3,»7g
Mt. rptliarlBM .12.4m Lev la 7.4(12
St. Miiryu ;i.:iH« Longueiill a,l(72
St. TbomnH 14.0.54 Lvrrtte I.IWS
Sondwh h 2,302 IxulwvlIIe 1.07(1
SarnlB 0,047 Ma bok .'j.oTS
«aiilt St.-. .Miirli- . . 10,»H4 Ualwmnpiivv 1N.0S4
Seaforth l.na-) Marletllle l.M?
ftlmcoe
Smith's FallB
SnutliamiitKn ,
^tef Hon
atrnthroT
Stratford
Stiirfteiin PiilU
fliiitburr
Tbemialon ...
Tborolil _._,„
TIlBonhiirg 2,7m
2. 101)
4,1.111
l.fHft
1N.874
.... 2,0.52
• ..0.904
■ ..2,289
. ..4fl.:iti0
K ItiKatuu . .
l4>aniiugt(io
I.lnilHuy . . ,
LiMowel ..
Luudon . . . ,
Maitawa _.
M**"!"""' 2,811
MerrltoD 1.670
Mldlaml 4.R0:!
Milton 1,0.54
Mltdiel] ijta
MorrlMhurR l.fflW
Moiiut Forest 1,8.'W
Napauef 2,807
New l.lHkeard 2.I118
Npivniflrkft 2.006
MaxarH Fulla 0,248
Norib Bar 7.737
Kurtb Torouto n..'tn2
Oakvllle 2,372
OrauKevllle 2,340
-•llu
..6.8
Oitbawa 7,
OttHWn 87,002
««*>n Sotinil 12..V58
Pnlmeratou l.OHR
I'«rU 4.0.T8
Parry 8oiiu<l 3.429
IVel 3,413
Pfmhrokf . .. 5,820
PeiietaDguUbi>iif 3.508
Pertb 3,!i88
Peterlmroiitfh 18..inii
Pi'trolla 3,518
PIcton .1.504
Port Artbur 11.220
Port Colborne 1,"
Toronto
TreDton
Tnnklm-k lltlt
Victoria Hiirli'ir
Wslkeitoii
Walkervlllf ...
WHilaoctiiirK
Watfrloo
Wi'llanil
Weston 1 «7:
Wbltl.y 2.248
WInrton 2,2ft0
Wlnditor 17 820
WtoKliDm 2.2.'l8
Woodstock ;i
■ ■8,227 .MHtaQ«- 2,i)8tt
..0.370Mont Jnll 2.141
. . 1.085 MoDtmugnr 2.117
-.3.93(1 Montmorency 1,717
..2.823 Montreal 470,480
12,041! .M.-oU't 2.593
OutremoDt 4,82i)
Plclaslavllle .,.1,559
Pfllnte Uatliivau 1,7S1
Quebec 78.100
RIfbmond 2.175
.370.638 Rlmouakl 3.007
.t.OSS Roberval 1.7.17
1..577 8t. tJalirlM 1.6(«
. l.OlHSt. Hyin-liitbe 0,797
, 1*.(M1 St. Jean .-i.otiS
.:i.3()2 St. Jerouip 3.473
3.437 St. Lomliort 3,344
4.3W at. Laurent 1,800
.5.:il« at. Plerr.' mm Llen«.2.2nl
Aahestoa
Aylmei'
Bale St.
Beaucfv]
Beau barn
Reloell .
Tllaok L,
- klDsb
Cblcodiliiil
1,0.53
2,t)20
.2,12f>
10.405
4.205
St. Raymond
Ste. AffHllK'
Ste. Tlifrt «•
Sbfrbrooke
SbawlDtgan I....- ,..,„,
Sorel «,42ii
Ti-rrplionno l.itflo
TliHroril MInea 7.201
Tlirj-P Rivera 13.601
Ullfyfleld 0.4411
Verdun ..11,6211
VIctorlavHIe 8.02S
Waterloo 1 RKfl
Wealmount 14.570
Wlndaor Mills 2,233
SASKATCHEWAN".
..2,224
Esternn
Melrllle
MooHTJan'
North Brattlfford
.1..11.. Prlmv Alliert
i'-55ii"''«'b« ■■■•
5.880, Saskatoon .
.1,081
.1,810
13,823
.2.1115
.6.354
30.213
12.01 M
.1,8.52
. -- 2.2HI
Yorkton 2,.1O0
roatlcook 3.]ir.]3w|rt rurreiit
D-lnrnell l,flo« Weyhnru
~ ' 3..56.t
FmKert'lIU' 6 774
nruiiliy 4 7,^
nraUil Mere 4!7S3
"'"'■ 18.222
llwrvllle i.ooT.
Jonquler«a 2,354
Dawioa 3,013
480
mioa jmittM)
JISf.r:::;::;;::|»'SSj|
Arliona fSSI
Arkunm. jSS
C.lltornlt rSSS
Color»lo ;S£
Delaware
Diatrfct Of
CoJumbI*..
Florida
Gfeorir:
Hawiili
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana.
Iowa
Kansas. . .
Kentuckj,
8,SO0
8.0U0
fi,000
8.0D0
12,000
5,000
S.O0O
8.000
«.fiOO
"000
500.884
113,020
58,800
I 138.300 I lasu
, 1870
4,990 nrsa
2.0B0 I •1787
, 68.aS0l 1845
I W.47S viraa
e.740'
, . Popu- ,
Utlonia I
liNW I
1.828,697
63.592
122,931
1,31 l.Mt
l.48,'i,a53
639,700
908.OI
1»,735
278,718
628.&42
2.216.331
1IM.(N)1
161.772
4.82I,5SU
luio
2.138.093 I
fti.aM
l.■"^.ll^
2.377,.S19
799.024
I91.9U9
Mifed.:;;::::;; JSSl
Mffl-r".'::::! «
Hlnnesota
5.000
m£»»';;::;;;: f™
5,000
0,000
2.500
4.000
2,000
10,000
Montana.
gebraska
Nevada
new Hampshire
S*2 Jersey nuui„
New Mexico. \ 4Mn
NorthCarxjIIna.... aSoo
feklahoni!',.'."."
Oreeon
South OakotiT^. S
Vlrilnla .N J'SSS
Wzffilnj : M
84.8Cn
»,6»
a8,8fiO
n,02s
12,210 *i7af» , ?i2*.1 f43.S71
M.M5 lOT ISS; J™-<I8
K i ■! ■■^ i-
J.30ft *1788 ^S
7,2e8,8&|
Iil92,21.j
81.875
, 430..S72
2,.M7,167
I 327.311
9,113.01 1
819.H6 1 ^
4.1W,54Ji 4.76,
790,391 - --
413.536 „,. ,^,
8.302.115 7.66Sm
""1.243 I,1I«0 2
428.550
1.340.316
4UI.570
2,020.616
I 8.CH8.710
278,749
343,641
1.854,184
518.103
B.W.SOO
~ 'SM2 I
542,610
1,815,400
5K3,88«
2,I)q,789
3,896.512
3.^5.956
2.061,612
1.141.99(1
I.221.1I9
2,333,860
M5.965
.J2MI
J ^■271.811 I B3..^6,M3 I m
ill
PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES
1910 Cnuus
Tin fullmrjDi llii n.mM iii.l.n>«l.niil,.ir ail citin In tb« VMM SUM
liaTlii, in, iboanM or man mii.l.ll.nl,. Tlie „ng»nl> .t .urnii, ilibt of
"""°'° "' ""■ ■»'" "■■"" "K"'" »r r,™., „o,l.l ..tl„.u„ „, p„„„T.ll^
AtHTlIlTlI, H. I).
Aherdceu, WumIi.
AiIhidh, Hum...
Adrian. Mk'h...
Akron. O
Almnda, ChI....
Albany. N. Y...
AlbuqupTi|Uc, N.M.
AlrxindrlB, La,
Aloxandrla, Va.
AllrntowD. Vm..
Alliance. O, ...
Aliieoa, Mk-h...
Altfn. Ill
Alt(Kiiia, I'a....
Aniatfrilam, N.Y.
AtiapDDda. Mitnl,
Aoderion. Ind..
Ann ArUir, Mich.
Annlntun. Ala. .
AnMinia. Conn..
Appleton, Win..
Arxcnta. Ark. ..
Aabury Park, N J.
Anhpvllk*. N. c.
Aslilniid. WlH...
Aabtahuln, O...
AtchlHou, Kan..
AthpiiB. (la
Atlanta. <]a
AtkntlcClty.N.J.
Attk>boro. Mass.
Auliurn, He
Auhurn. N, Y..
AQguala, <]a....
AuftuBta, Me....
Aumra, III
Anxtfn. Tex. ...
BakiTHlteld, Cal.
Haltlmore. Md,.
BaitfTor, Mo
Itarre. Vt
Baravta, N. Y..
Baton Bonne. La,
Battle Crei>k,
MIoli
Bay City. Mle;..
Bayonne. N, J..
BeauDiont, Tex.
UeHviT Falls, Va.
Bellafre. II...
Belli-vlllp. III...
Ilelllntthani,
Wash
Bek)ir. Wts
Berkeley, cat..
Berlin, N. 11...
BeBRt'iner, Ala..
BettilebeDi, Ta.
Beverly, Mnw.,
Biildeford. Me. ,
BlllliiKH. Mont..
Blnjdiatnton.N.V.
BlrmlnKliam.
Ala
BUlief. ArU
Bloxmfleld, N. .1.
Bloomington, 111.
1*1,7.1.1
i:i,UHU
ILIHMi
lo.TiUt
Wt.UOT
2a.3fM
. JI.IKM)
11.213
ni.nrt
]a,<iK]
I2,7Ult
W.t27
3I.2«f7
1U.i:t4
22.47tl
U.817
ia,7»4
iB.ir.2
18.7T3
11.1,-18
10, 1 no
1O.160
1«,7(12
ll.SM
1N.:26»
Id, 420
14,U1»
]54.N:tU
4H.1.W
1Z,40I»
15.004
34.668
41,fi44)
i:t.211
2ft.H07
2I).Wt<l
12.727
.'>.'W.4aT
24,m;t
io.7;m
11,01.1
14.HB7
11. ISA
17.;iM
10.347
fl74i..*>NS
ltl.3.'i7
I4,[V44
BlueBeld. W.V
Bulae, lilshii. .
Boone, la
BuHton. MaM. .
nradiUfk, I'a.
Bradford. I'a. .. n.crt*
BridKeport, Conn. lii2.()S4
Brldjteluii, N. J. 14.200
Brockton, Maaa.. M.N7N
Hrookllne. Uaaa. 27,7l)2
Brownarllle, Tea. Iii,.ll7
Brunswick, (ia.. 1(I.1H2
Buffalo, N. V... 42:1,715
DurlliiKloti. la.. 24.:i2t
BurlhiKtitn. Vt. 20,4SH
Butler, I'a 20,72«
Bu"e,' Uotit
III.
(*' jniet. Uleh..
' BUilirldtce, Masa
JamlirldKe, (},..
Camden. N. J, ..
Ill
.- «
CarlN)ndale. Pa,.
CarJIale, I'a....
Carneile. I'a...
Cedar Bapldx. Ia.
Centnil Falla.It.l.
Cha ui I lemburK . I *a .
2H.207
4.'.. mo
rhi..i4n
a 1,0411
12.1111
12.1M0
21.122
24.2»R
11. "HO
1".«(H
12.H:J7
18. (Lilt
17,<17!I
10,0:11
4S,4M
132,68R
Cha ui I leniburK . I *<
Chnmpulirn. 111.
Chiirl'-Klon, H. C,
Charleston, W,Vi
Charlotte, N. C.
Ctiarianuoga,
Tenn
Chelwn, Maaa...
CheKter, Pa
Che.venne, Wy~
Chlraito. Ill
Chlrago llelghta,
Chlckai*a."nkii!
ChlciiiH'e. MaHK.
Chllli™the. O. .
nn-rn. Ill
rinelnnatl. O...
rii-liiirne, Tex. ..
Cleveland, O...
Clinton. Ia
nintnn. Mnna...
CoateKrllle. Pa.
roff(..vville. Kan.
f"ohi>o». N. V
Colnnido SprlDfC".
30.1 OS
t4.S4N
ni.ouo
I04.M3»
11,.T27
04,.i:m
10,4(1.1
S0.217
17.040
io.:k»:(
111,000
»2.811
22. 7,14
11. MM)
12.421
58.S.T3
22,0IHt
34.014
44.6114
32.4.^2
38,.'W7
'. 11.320
.3,18S,2n:i
10,320
2:1.401
14.ni»
14..'177
1*»..1B4
son. all:
25. R7.
1.1.01X1
I1,||S4
12.nS7
24.700
2n.07H
11,4.14
Colnmlita, Pa. . .
Cnlnmhla. 8, c.
Colnmhiiii. (la.. .■.■,.^;.4
Colnmlma. o isi Bii
rnit<v>rd. N. H.. 21.4117
rot.n.'llaTllle. " "
Cornlnit. N. ^
CorlliiTid. V
Coiinefl miiffn
1 ?.«):.
13.7:10
Il.rrfM
la
. ovinitton. Kv..
Cranntnn, R. l,.
Cuuiberlaud, Ud.
20,202
n3.27(l
21.171
2t,S30
Dallas, Tex
Uaiilmry. Conn.
BaiiTHle, 111
Uanvlile, Va....
Uuveuport, la...
Dayton, o
Decatur, III
Denlwn, Tex...
Denver, Colo. . . .
Dea Uolnea, la..
I»etroU, Mich.,,
Dover, N. H
Dnlwla, Pt
Dnbuiiue, la
Diiliith, Ulan...
Dunkirk. N. Y..
Dunmnre, Pa.,.
Du«|itesn*. Pa..
Durham, N. C...
East Chicago,
Ind
EaMt UverpooI.O.
EaMton, Pa
Efl«t Orantre, N.j.
East l-rovldence,
„K. I
Eaat Saint
I-ouU, III
Eaii Claire, Wla.
KlfTln. m
Eiriab«tb. N. J.
KIkhart, lod
Elmlra. N. Y...
KI I'aao. Tex...
BIwond, Ind....
Elyrla, o
Enid. Okia
Erie. Pa
EaoanabB, Mich.
Enreka, Cal
EvaoHton. III,..
KvAiiKvllle. Ind.
Everett, Maaa..
Everett, Waah..
Fall Kiver,
MaM
Fargo, N. D....
Flndlaj, O
Fitehburg, Uaes.
Flint. Mkh...
Fonddu Ltv.Wls.
r>)rt Dodge, la
Fort Scott. Kan.
Fort Smith, Ark.
Fort Wayne,
Ind. . .
Fort Worth.Tex.
Frankfort, Ky
Frederick, Md. .
Freeport, 111
Freano, Cal
Fulton. N. Y...
GadHden. Ala. ..
Galeshurg, |||. ,
C.stvestDn. Tex . .
ilardniT, Maa«.,
(Jarfleld. N. J...
liary, Ind
Geaevg, n. Y...
02.1A4
211.234
27,871
10.02)1
43,028
llfl.577
31.140
13.032
2M.3)>1
NO,. ION
405.700
1.1.247
12,623
3S.404
7n.400
17.221
17.615
I. "1.727
18,241
31.371
13,S0O
6S.MT
18.310
25.976
73.400
]B,282
37.17tf
89,270
11,028
14.820
13.700
66,5^1
13,104
I1.S45
24.078
60.047
3.1.484
24,814
110.205
14,331
14.806
37.826
3S,.'»0
18,707
15,543
10.403
23.075
■ 63,033
73,312
10,405
10.411
17,567
24,802
10,480
10.557
22.080
,10.081
13.910
10.213
16.802
12,440
N. Y. '
(JIolH.. Arfi.'. ...
"I<iin-i'ni»r. Uhm.
(lIotMNvIIie, N.Y
UraiMj F<irki,,N.|i
'/r«i»j l«Iai,d,.Veb.
Mf'.'h "'■'"■
*i"-«t r.iiV,""'
Alum. .
OrcenLuy. wi;;
tm-fnMbitrt),
„ '*■ »'. ......
nn-erwlHirg, I's!
jTifllTlll^. o -
«"H.rl-. ,
llBckpiwapk, N.J
Hamilton, o
HammoiMj, ind. "
Hiuinliiar. Mo...
llarrlnlmrK. pa
["If""-;', foan
, UlM
H""'"!!. Masa
""W'lt..n. I'a...
IIp|.-na. M..nt:.;
Ilfmlprwi). Ky.,
U"'"k«'n. N-. 5..
Horan.I. .Mi,.h..
||"l>"k.'. Maw..
Iloiu<>Hti-ncl I'a
"'"■ned. N
"<it Rprliijni,
k/l)'*'"'- V j"
n,4*i J '«'HikH,.. u-i;-
13.tHi •W'f'.iiK.lii..
47.177 J,' "'"'»"ti.i. iM.i'
H.NM JH'tl-- .Via. ■
83.WCJ Jl'"!""-. La.. "
}I"iiti-liilr. ,v j"
r"..w7
II'. 4.-. I
■I7.!.<<i7
'101. 4«f)
-Mr"
i4.aiit,
2(1.247 ,,
38.0011 ;!"• I"'. Iri.l.
NY.""
Park, (I.
r Ifwlfcnf, "
10.1123
Ri-iai
24,]M|
ii.na
■tn.i;w
12. ,107
■ 17.5;i2
■ 3i).»i»
ia.178
24,ii(Uj
• 2S.278
1«,«T7
m.Tui
2)I.|N|.1
110.384
1I.T91
la.!:.-.'
W.fRM
;i47.4HU
2n.«l4
Iowa (-/(y, ig'""-
li^nton. o
'"'nitton. N J
11.N77
12.44R
14.802
31.433
21.262
ifl.ni)
ifbai-n, n y
JBckaon, Mich.'
Jnchaon. Mlaa..
JufkBDM. Twin.
'•K-kwrnvllie/'iiV 1b'^
lumwumn.NY ai w?
Jani-sviiip. -^f^- ?i.a>
Jeffpown rity.Mo.
Jfjrprsonrllle,
Jpracy city. ^"-^la Marlon.
>« ' 'Marlboro
Ma<nKo'n. wii:;;
Mahauoy city,
MaMi>n.' Mk'Ki«; ' '
ManchcBtpr. n li
Mam-lipaipr, Va
ManlKte,., Mi^f,.'
Manitowoc, WIh.
Mankato. Him,.
".SOOlMai-n.-tte. wIb
Marlon, ind
N. J
Johnstown. N y '
Jnlmntowii p'n '
J»"". in..'" ■
Juplln. Mo. .
KalamaioA,
o..
267 TTftVr '"""'"'■ Mnwi.
MMB K*")""- T-x...
M.™ M„,,„„,„.,
i2.nr.4r.ii' "j
«.<«H .v,.M,„;„i,. ,
u.7nti''''S""''""'-
2'..>.il .\,„ ,|„,,„; '"■
fffl?"'''"'|"„".i.i:
11...^; J".''""'"""'- It- I..
i^.-S'^VT" ■''■''""■
2rt.7fw ^Vw"l^u■"hV|U■•■
l2.»2.^ N "li'tiHle.
1J.23. x,a«ara ^^„i,
lI.M.V„rr„Jk.' Va
13.874 \..rtli .\,ii,i,M
Mloh. on.o. ("aaon ritv
K-nkak«.;iii::; wa™ Ht:'""" "■
Kanaas city. l^-^se Mattoon. m...
Kanaaacity. Mo 24S^i J!*'!"'"'"'- "■-»-.
*•• J8.e38lMemphl8, Tenu.
482a
Mtf
i;iiiil,l.
23.. Wi
27,S05
13.1,003
ii>.6.ia
.Till.. 17.1
■•io.3ptn
■'Ki.Noo
.7"«.SH3
3ti.44B
«7.4r.2
27,S75
rUlNCII'AL CITIKH til' TIIK I SI'IKU HTATK8— CoudnueJ
Norwk'h, Conn... 2D,3AT IU*i>rriI(lc, Tnl. ,. ir.,:{l2
N«rw.-Hl, (I .... i«,|«fl Kwinoli^ V«.... :n.M7*
((■klnnd. 111... |liu.n4 Um-hvilrr. N. V. 2IM.1«
Uorkfurd. 111... 43.401
' Bock lalanil. III. 2-l.a»R
Kumr, <■■
Ituine. N. V
I ButUnU, Vt
(Uk 1'
Olden, tiHh....
Op^dfiixliur^. N.Y,
Oft Vlty. I'«....
OklalioDia. Okla.
Ohlftirgp, I'll. . . ,
OU-HI
H. v..
Wk..
UinHha, Neb...
Oranie, N- 3
(Mfakoah,
Owlnlni
Oiwi-ito. N. Y...
Ottumwi, Iowa..
OwpDsburo, Kf..
Paducih. Ky....
ralfiitlDf, Tex..
i'ftriB, Tcj
ParkeniliDrK,
W. Va
PnrBons, Kan
I'aHidena, Cal...
I'atiMalc, N. J.. .
I'atenmn, N. J. .
I'awluckct, H. I.
Pfibody. Uhbii..
I'l-okBklll. N. V.
I'fiuiHcoln, Kla...
■•eorlB. Ill
Perth Arabov,
N. J. ........
10, IMS
iau,lT4
1U,444
Xl,fi80
itv.tia.!
is.esT
«4,:iuo
11,82-1
14.74;(
12-I,0M
11. 4M)
23.3en
16,011
22.700
10,4mt
11,28!)
17,842
lZ.4ai
SO.lJSl
64,773
123,0110
ai.(l22
14,1(M
lS.24fi
22.982
a,ooo
32.121
lO.BlO
24,127
Pfru.
!'.t'.V"'.''?'"f' *^«- -->■*•"
Phllsdelpljla, l'n.l,M».0<w
Phlinpahurit, N.J. 13,B(»3
Phuenlx, Arlt. .. •" "■
I'bofntxTlllf, I'a.
PliiFhluff. Ark...
l'l<|i)s, Obio
I'lttHburK, Kan.,
rittaliurs. Pa...
I'lttsllelJ, Mam.
I'lHaton, I'a
Plalnfleld. N. J..
I'laltahMrg. N. y.
Plytnoutb, Msms.
PIrmoutb. Pa. ..
Pomona. Cal....
Pontlac, Mich...
Purt Cheater.N.Y,
I'ort Huron.
Mich 1S,S6S
Porlland, Me. . . ^..^Tl
Portland. On-... 207.2U
Purtamoutb. N.H. '" ""■
Portammitb, ()..
Portamoiitb, Va.
I'ottBfuwn, Pa..
I'ottBvrUe, Pa...
I'dURbkeepsif,
„N. V 27,M8
Providence, R. 1. 224,320
Pueblo, Colo 44,395
Sacramento, Cal.
Savlnaw, Mich.,
lit. Cloud, Minn.
Mt. JtMcpb, Mo..
Ht. I>iu1h, Hi>...
Paul, Minn..
it'Ui, Mbh>....
^lIe^l, Ore
»Hlt Lake Cltr.
Utah
Han AuKi'lo, Tex.
Itan Antonio,Tex.
San Bernardino,
Cal
San Diego, Cal..
Sandiwk}-. Ohio..
Dan Franclflco,
Cal.
44.090
(io,nto
10,000
77.«>:i
0K7.oa9
214.744
4n.09T
14,094
92.777
tu,:t2]
96.014
11.134
10,743
in,ioa
13,388
14,7W
o.'t:).9uo
32.121
10.267
20.850
It.^-W
ll,2iiO
16,006
10.2117
14.932
12,W)0
Ban Joae. Cal...
Santa Barbara.
Cal ll.fiM
Santa rnu. Cal. 11,404
HiratfWB SprlngH,
N. 5 12.003
Sault Ste. Marie,
MIcb 12.«IB
Sarannah. Ua... on.004
Sctienccladf ,
N. Y 72,826
Scranton, Pa.... 12a.Hfl7
Seattle, Wash... 237.194
Sedalla, Mo
SelniB. Ala
Shamoklu. Pa, ..
Sbaron, Pa
HhawDee. Oklii.,
Sbebo.vftBn, Wli4.
Shenandoah, Pa.
Sherman, Tex. ..
Shreveport, La..
Sloiiz City, Iowa.
Hloiix FailB, S.U.
SomerTllle, Mans.
Houtb Bend. Ind.
Soutb Bethlehem,
11.20j>
2:).4!41
.33. 190
2<J.230
17,S22
1.1.049
10.A8H
16.270
12,474
26,:i98
2.\774
12.41:;
28,1115
47.82H
14,094
77,2:)e
63,084
Tt'iJipIe. Tex.. . .
T.-rre llaute.lnd.
Tinn, uhlo
Tult-do, ohk>. . . .
Topeka. Kan....
lorrlngtoD. Conn.
Tra»erae City,
Mlfb. .......
Trenton, N. J. , .
Trinidad, Colo. .
Troy, N. Y
Tneaon, Aria....
Tnlaa. Okli
Tyler, Tex
i'nron, N. J
I'tilontown, Pa..
Utlca. N. V
Vallejo. Cal
Vlekaburx, Mlaa.
VInceimea, Ind. .
Virginia, Minn..
Waco, Tex
WakeBeld, Maar.
Walla Walla,
Wash
Waltbam. Maxa.
Warrt-n. Oblo. . .
Warren, Pa
WaBhlnxton.D.C.
WaablnKton, Pa.
Waterbury. Conn.
Waterloo, towa..
Waterlown. Maws.
Watertown, N.Y.
Walervllle, U>'..
WBtWTllet, N.Y.
Wauhegan. Ill .
Wauaan. Wla.
to.iHKt
fW.IW
1I,MI4
ION, 497
43,084
ls,4ti:i
12.116
M.Hin
tii,2IH
70,8 1 »
1:1.111:1
1K.1N2
IO.4IM
21.'>2.1
1.1.344
74,4IU
Il.34<i
20.81 4
14.Klk1
10.47;i
Way.
Oa..
19..T04
27.8.14
II.OKI
It.tMO
3:ii.0fn>
18.778
73.141
20,093
12.84H)
20.730
11.4rM
in.074
10.009
10.600
14.486
11.817
10.210
18,973
Racine, Wis
Halelvb, N. C.
ReadliiK. ■■<■
Kedlandx.
38.002
10.218
90.4)71
10.44t)
Reno. N.-T 10.807
ItensfielBer, N.Y. 10,711
KOTere. Mass.... 18,219
Richmond, Ind.. 22.324
Rlcbmond, Va,, , 127,028
Soutnbrldge,
MaBi"
South Omaha. Neb.
South Sharon.Pa.
Spartanburg. 8.C.
Spokane, Waith..
Sprlntcfleld, 111..
SprlnKflebl.MaiiB.
SurinKlteld, Mo..
Sprlnfifleld. O...
Stamford. Conn,
Staanton, Va „
Steehon. Pa 14,248
Steubenvllie. O.. 22..391
Stillwater, Minn.
Stockton. Ciil...
Streator, 111
Sunbury, Pa
Superior. WlH
SyrneuBe, N. V
10,210
28.269
10.190
17.B17
104,402
61.878
88.020
35.201
48,921
25,138
10,004
10.198
23,2.13
14.253
13,770
40,.')84
137.249
Tacoma. WaHh..
Tampa, Pla
Taunton. Mass.,
8;J.743
37.782
34,259
Webb City, Mo..
WebBter, Mans..
Weehawken. N.J.
Weat Cbeater, Pa
WeatSeld. Maaa.
W e a t Hoboken,
N. J
Weat New York,
N.J. ,
Weat Orange,
N. 3 10,080
Wheeling, W.Va. 41,041
White Plalna,
N. Y.
35,403
13.300
67.iai
18.924
31 .860
Wllklnsburg, Pa.
Wllllamaport.Pa.
Wllllmantlc.
Conn 11.230
Wilmington. Del. 87.411
Wilmington. N.C. 25.748
Winona. Minn... 18.583
Inaton Salem.
N. C 22.700
WInthrop, Mass. 10.132
Wobnrn, Haan..
Woonsocket. K.I.
Worcester, Haas.
Yonkera. N. Y. .
York. Pa
YounffBtown, O..
ZanesTlIIe. 0
15..180
.18.125
145,986
79.803
44.760
79.006
DOMINION aoVEKNMKNT
DOMnnON OP CANADA
n„„ *"* "' Owenunent-Ottawi
°°'"'°^:s^:S.iiS^''— ^
. Uw.
rnV,'"'°JF l^<'T°'s^ &"'?."'■■ '»• "«"..„, i,v ,,.„
«ep.'»"-£?/„,i:,/,j;™«Jr. UA. ^^^ *• «l«'l-«, ,■„„., ,.„,.,.
ffij" i:"c"<' B""™:
7,000
T.OOO
Miniftirr ' \',t' ' i/n'.Jl" ' ' ■ • ■.
HA.. KC t^rothers.
MinjHtvr of' "inland ' rA-
^nWii Bruno NantS;
7,000
7,000
7.000
7,000
7,000
7.000
7,000 I
ifiriHtrr tit (•„ .
lion, A K K,.„,,,' „,'>„•
""'kj. K. II. «:i:rll.
A. Ahiy. ( . (J Ki'7i i
Lothrop, J, M, .!,"■
"Oil 11. ll..inni;T '•
faiim/o—phijii,.,,. 11,,;'
'mml„ral(„a A,,',„ _ i.'
Hl/lh Coinmi.'.ion,".!""'/"/.
(^o«_odo_i.„„, .s,™;g'.
''rtinth, 17 Vli'tiiri'i «*
London, i.-n.il;,!;i':':'.^.'v
Jiumffiratlrii, ' It r,i i,',-'h"
lH«'d. Smith .,77
483
Do. or PAUtAvum,
DoHWUW OoAT w Aun.
DOMINION PARUAMENTS SINCE 1867.
Pa»tt
POWtK.
un.
SENATE OP CANADA
'■ O. 4BSKMHL B'TI OP
Affomituitr.
..lint « i^-J
iMitOM.
llM. Wilium Htlbr Arich.t .t:.""E™""
jnwtMoKay
J. BoMiw . .
M. SulUnil.,.;
'fdhtr,...:
£■ A. Louchnd
Mrurtn
jiurllcli™,
H.lloijipijrt,,
« vu J '*.?■*• "V 1«, 1881
fin««oii.o.."jir •!';£!
.jbdiM.w.kfi; 7' ss
"""(-P »;■»>. 2MH80
■■■ ■" 1891
ISM
■■'-M».(on.O «"' — *'^
■ «nB, o pth, 21 '
AlftrtA.ThltaudiiiilSiii,''^ ■•'.■'^ 21. HOB
0«A.Cm .?^""**''Q---Aug. ja.ioM
•Tojonlo.o ...No;, ,,',™
.il<lnlTOI.Q...j.„, jj;™"
piTHit)'* ?•■ ^'^
-rort HIH Nov, ]», ISIM
'• John V. mi; ■S"",'^-'}- -Felx 6,1000
fflrLraulTjS^' i^**'"*!. Q-..J«n «l loot
"!?^&WSSi;::::atS.o--fili';ig
" WilllimoitJ^''"'*«-MoBtr««I,Q,..f',b. I" iSS
•• '"^«S&:::;:5KfK;^i:fs .i'g
« iotar«>
, it^Ouimli,
■WAfOM.
"??■£■ "ifw.
f. T. PnM
JlH* Coffev.
W. 0. Mnnb
Jm. Doiu»j||o.
■■•o. I)«rtil...
H. J. Clonn..
W. WlohtU...
ill.Wll™..,
'<iHoi>.Bi,ii.j.r,;,„,ij,->i
"?."• J- »■ S>^"A":". .&.■ ''■ ■ • K. », loo,
■■■feiu„:.S;sS
';l<>l«,li.c..»i„, J? is
-.". i.oniw„ "nimton .... Mir T JSS
iiiroto. w'tv; Si;™<>«"....j». i!: S?
■H«,v.:iS: !5 ffi
j«?,r^l^^"'°^X°- ■■■•I
i H. KoS".
T. o. Doiio.
WHO*.",
Pe'er TillioL "
La. u,v,i„,:
"■ M. DoubIu
Robtrt J«Sr«j-' '
Jno. Coitlviiii
;; ^nl nillnior. . . .
I, '*■ H, Conieku.
J «■ A, Belcourt.
' kTI*, .P'""P'»II-. .
: SS'cSW-
, ••'fiUnalUti..'
Edwuri u p .;
'<">. M^ .. c^^^ ""'";" ""-"- " "■ — - " c«.„.
-»l»»H0M.mbl.Ui.»
1-C Bollroi.A.Hoilanii....
inmaMiui.)
• ««»t. Of «„ IVrtnlo. ot C^U, to p„„„,„
i
THE DOMINION OF CANADA.
OMiMlOl
OWlMil
MlUi OohMbte . .
Allwrto.
lim«hWMtT«nil«rlMM
My 1, IMT
• 1. IMT
H I, IMT
•• 1. IMT
k,1,ll>(»
I, 10<V>
(MW-t»C0MMa
)lMtbh north AaWflM Aet, IHT, f
> uid ImpnIkI Proclanwtlon, ttnd^
\ U^. IMT. [
ImptiikI Onkf' In -Council. tSrrl JuM,
mrni Act rtd»n,\ P*rllMnMl,ch*p.
a; HUlutMol IHTUMd B. N. A. Act,
1171.
ImpcrUl Ordtf -In Council, l«h Hajr,
IMTI, Ml Mblrvw at lh« LMlalatun
of Brltiih Cotumhia tni idrtnw tA
VeArni Par)<iini«nt, •Mdon IITI.
Imiwrtal Unkr InCounoll, tetii Jut,
IHT a.
Art Fodcral Parlluntnt, chap. 42;
HtetulM of 19»6.
Act Fcdi-ritl Parllamvnt, ohap. 41;
SUtulM of inn,
>ct rvdcral Parllamvnt, ehftp. ST;
HUlutM or WM., and l>roclMiMtlon,
24tli July. ItMUi.
tot KMhral Pwliaintnt, chap. •;
HtklutM Of 18M, Mid eiap. 41 1
flututM of ini.
•.40B
14Jt
Mil
l,MO
n.tu
•4^
!43,X»
sai.iM
i,ni,ou
900,437
ZSO,<A0
i.nn.Tu
!0T.07«
1!^::
TIm liknd el HtwfouadUnd utd th« Labrador Coait are not Itifhidid In (h« abova itatoiMnt. Thf arM
ol (ba Ubmdar Com! la aboot T,OW aquBn milr*. and that el Newfoundland 42,TS1 aquara lollaa.
* TUt %n% doaa not Imhtda tha portlona ol the Great Lakea ol the 8t. Lawranop within iha Urrttoria) llmlta
'-~^- ■* 1— i_j— .t. ^j^ aided to the Provlnt-e by Act of the Imperial Parliament, IfiSV.
PUBUO DEBT OF OANAVA.
T«r
Total DaW.
*
Total AmMo.
Met DtU.
InlOTMl
iBtoTMt nc'4
from
'bMeot
iDUreM
poldon
OmTDiU.
RaUof
Intaraat
rac'd fnitt
Invai'Mt.
HatBata
oflMtanM
i*id.
•n
j".2».a!!
41.440.su «4
is8.iu.m OS
•8.707.iriB
1717,084 11
8«
2
T4,9n,M M
14atHI,«0 01
4-Ot
8-01
l»t.4Sl,BM «
T,7TS.ea8 7l
8M
107
S'H
44,4«a,T»T 11
I5«.SP6,7K *t
7,601,144 M
7S1.6U 41
3-79
a'48
dl,7(tt,Bn 18
15».W1.«0 71
7.74Q.BOI 41
8 70
1-70
8-n
lU,4ea,71i4«
1,001,1M 01
a-70
■28
OIMW.MSH
81T
LM,4D7,flSI 14
»,410,4SI M
1,007.086 61
8-68
rZS.lU,10T OS
■»iias
8,290,078 01
8TI
4fi,«MM>M
IIT,n4,7TS 44
864
03n,ii8 0(
0M.O2&8e
SU
12
HKtr,on 11
nT.saokMi«
10,14S,M1 tn
l,806,a»lSl
8-02
1-00
■07
t»,SSB,ttl 77
»,«a«,841 u
1.0M.2nM
887
9-28
■M
6t,ooo.ia» 11
I97,M»,090 ftl
ft,M4,lM 7f
i,0rT,tiB li
8-U
lfl7
98
Ul,in.4SI M
«,7«S,0T8M
1,(IW,4U M
i-ao
too
'98
Ml.Bn,01B 01
0.80B.8m«l
1.U0.1H SI
8-98
107
'88
a,t«4,«M4t
I4«,1B3,0» U
10,S19,M U
i,BT.oc« vr
8-81
I'M
01
e4.BTS,nT 71
t69,DT4,HT Ot
10.400.t»4 «
8-20
1-06
87
«T,n),in H
208,407.482 Tl
10,001.420 01
1.870.000 U
8-28
204
80
T0,Wl,^S4e7
mifia$fiMU
lp,a4^on «
1,448.008 U
8-20
208
■70
T4,4iai5M n
988,060.808 01
Il),6l0,7« 01
1.618,664 61
208
■M
H5,100,M» ti
T8,88T,45e M
3ae,S78,44< 0(
10,8M.1U 8<
1.600,447*1
814
201
Oft
•l^7ll.m (H
10,000.645 K
1,088.060 61
8-00
2-08
ou
W,W.4S8 M
108,480,008 01
10,007.964 eC
812
207
on
271,080.069 «
10,976,986 U
roo
2-00
■67
11,008,1W 11
8-08
2' OB
47
101.004.703 a
I0OJ67,7USI
lt,128.6M 71
8-08
21a
■46
tll.4M.413 K
I0B.«4,108 01
10.880,116 01
2,106,081 41
2-81
l-»
M
l».H6.TOa fU
987,012,077 7<
10,814,OW 41
2,140.811 n
2-76
1-70
11
3T».Me,«»0S
lie,tM,MO 11
SffiISS
18,712,771 r
1,288.740 01
1.77
l-«
-44
10,«73.6M 81
LOO
1-47
91
n.e04.5M 81
2,260,648 11
2-42
1-46
W>
UB^HSiStOC
1S.006.1W 9
8,807.464 9'
178
1-D8
■IS
3te,«2,os2 <S3- i=.63S,5afl Si' i,oe^Tn w
4^
144
t.
ToM.
—
IS
M
H
t
SM.in
UI,aT3
IT.Mt
n
Tl,T3a
n
■Tt,aM
H
l,Wl
M
zso,flsn
111
X.S3.IH0
M
l,t»W.T34
ZT
!OT.rt:(l
SB
3.TM,0e!i
Ntiiuta
)llRttni(
iwid.
s-n
S M
S'U
I-S9
■ ■••
13
■OT
■»
n
n
'89
■gi
■87
■78
88
88
«U
en
•67
; i7
■11
■u
»1
sia
•OHONATION OK KIMI (IKOKUK V.
CORONATION OF KING GEORGE V. 1911.
C—4U. C«,..,.., „t I,., „ ,,^,,, j^^^^^^
were M lollow»: ■""—,11111. The ntllceri
O/r C»»,./j/ Huny Cnl. |I, i|.
«r., Hony MaJ. ,„„| gr.-kr.
iHitr orr.. May a. j. van
?2"™ni. c. Ota. i-ni: i,°,"
1 .A.M.C Paitmr,, L( -Col H I
v.!;,"""' "■ I-l.-Col. V. A a
WlJIlBma, A.n.c, R.C 1) Jrf;i
)R.C.) J/c,/. Off., Maj. U
on. CnmiVi,, MiiJ. R. A Car.
man l«lh Light UOTK. A,lT.
-IrllHcn, (ttorte. Field and
Off. Coma'}), Lt.-Coi. E M »„
nouf. 2nd Heavy B,li„"e "r
Capt. W. A. McKeZ'isS a'i.
ll'avy Urlauje. 'c.u.A?''' '"'
n- „^i'»iounUd Trt,„oa
Off Co,,„/„ c„, A H,„%.V„
I> Blrchall. 5tli fiem -^ Vl
"f Canada": Cap,, u S
O Connor. "O a.l.-S ■; "j ^■
Sronf,%;-r..'"-..S.V'"v.;«;.J
iKeura ae Qiiehef"; w H
^""^wy^-i„-r-„«5
If. Anderson, c.* r ■ n £
no.irhar.1. 86th Rcgt.'; R K'
Irwin, R.C.K.
11
I!;
'till
m
;iW'i
''in
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CANADA
KDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CANADA
VnlTenlUea and Ckilleges. — All the Provlncea bave nnl-
versltleB or colleges, and the provlalona made for higher
edacatioD are exceptionally good. There are special collegea
for women and for agricultural Instruction. The principal
untveraltles are McOlli University, at Montreal; the Unlver-
altr of Toronto; University of Queen'a College, Kingston;
Laval University, Quebec and Montreal; University of Man-
itoba; University of Ottawa; and Dalbouale University and
College, Halifax. N. 3.
Xormal Schools. — There are numeroua Provincial Normal
Scboola for the training of teacbere, and alao Normal Model
Schools for hoys and girls.
Collegiate Inatitntea and High Schools. — Under the
British North America Act, 1867, the right to legislate on
matters respecting education was placed in the hands of the
government of the separate Provinces, the rights and prlv-
ilegea of the denominational and aeparate achools then
existing being specially protected. Each Province has
adopted a system suited to its own particular needs, though
there la much aimilarity In the methoda and aims of all
of them. The system prevailing In Ontario will serve as an
example: Each of the high schools (which form the inter-
mediste link between the public schools and the universi-
ties) is managed by a Board of Trustees, appointed Jointly
by the County and Town Councils. In cities the Trustees
may he appointed by the City Councils, or may be elected
by general vote of quallfled electors. Separate School
Boards of Trustees have alao the right to appoint Trustees.
The Principal of the High School or Collegiate Institute
must be a graduate of a British or Colonial university, and
certified as experienced In teaching. Puplla attending these
schools are prepared for matriculation to the universities.
Public Schools. — Each township Is divided Into school
sections of a suitable extent for one school; and In each of
these sections throe Trustees are elected to manage Its
achool affairs. In cities, towna ind villages, the achoola are
managed by a Board of School Truateea elected from the
municipality.
488
THE SUCCESSION DUTY AtJT
"Oh dilM or iilT,™?^ ' """' •'""'"'"i ol
W AH impariy , , .
""■or or do„„,. „ „ J;" I °' ".•»'>»'°'. l«,nl„„.
I; 1™M or .n.„|„ „ ""' ■« ""th to M, p„„„
•wi b,o,„. t..*,° „':';„•,"?»'•""' "jp.~»
"".*"" "" y«" Immrtl..,,, prto, to hi d^ih i^ " ""'" "«'" ■ jClur "'"""""'"> *Prtl. ISM.
ri".i diss's ^l r"" °' • '—"' " "V
•n<l dull "clS nillT 'i" ''•^'"'^ thrrofrom
-:;rr.rc":;:c.r'..-o.r^ '"'"•'
.bio (un,„L „~r;™" """ '* ""d* 'orrooon.
dow.^;c„jd;, x:.:,'"!::^':"''^' <•> '"
by . d;.po.i.J„,:dX^j;~«^'»"7«"-t«<
/* to, fol, eoo.id°«|o„7„ ""'""' " «'»"Wlo„o
•bolly lor th. d^t^i" " '°°"' " "»"•»■■ «"'b
•b.r.01 thoro I. . r^l,; ." ^" "" "'"" '" "■P"'
d.U or .no„„C^£,rt°7,l"""" '"•'■•»■-
ol lb« MUM. ' ■"" dWmnt portioo,
Nodutyohallbeloviable--
.Uh,„ ,ho P-in^'oIo'Sr won':™",",''"'''''''"'
S;""i'j"'™"" or .rbi,2',"oof7o r
•~«. or 01l,„.,.„ .hi "™'J';, *'"•'>•• ""-'.Moh o,
"S"::'" """'■ '-'«" 3'" ' d,:,s '°™ "■"■
•». r», d.y .77p I ' „* •?~" *'"« »» » «.r
Iblblly .h«h,r b, d ,1.1 '■ "J ">■ ""•' P"""
bomndal !«,,,„' h,,"^'"" " -"""I" " Uut <h.
l»"o». tal'dih, .." L°"'"\'"""°™l>olb«
tb. Prop.„, .|,h7, h, hta° ,;; "^'",'"'' •"""«■ •«
"."(,.»». .,th .„; o,;~™; r " ""■"' " ■»
■"b..»l», .„d ,h«h Vr ■ "^r ' '" """"« "
'M. b, drri 0, oih^rTn,,™'"' T " "'" "» 'P"'.
P"»«d. Ih.™,, ,.;„,„,"' "'""' WMJ ortt,
"><h.„„|„,,or.hTOl„'? P"">dl'™rvrt
"'■ ' pmon. '"'" "» 'b. dM„, ol inch
- HCOUIUJ Qf I
iMbor, mother, hu.bohd, ,i|, ikM"^ZXy'W I—""-
- Ibh. 01 .ho drc,o.ed, .hrrr ,h, obX«o«w '"""■ "" "'"'«' '•■■» ol .b. .I™,«.. „„ „
' '"•"t'onwJ dof. not exceed Sso noft '" "•"''e «' 'n nan lo n^ f«, .».. ,.._.,. ..""'« •""ei"
o. .b. p.:;pV.;:rdrdT;:rr,"'r''j"r
P^on. ,„.„„o„,d dor. „o. o.'oIm SMoi ' " ""
4»."o':ri;''dV;"i""""'-" -'"•
«.,,«. o,;."oMh;r,;;;rrdT;-',=Vh''"'''
tlm« 01 hi. droib. »h«hrr uch KxmVZ^^ m W' ■:«
or Intatur. P'^Ptny pu<«. bj win p,, „„^
«. or ,„ p.„ I, ., ,„r .h;;;;;,:;™, .Tr'
l™r; "'■'"'•''"'''■ "''lb I"- «'d"llbl.ri„
lb. r.,. .„d on .h.'Sr^lS'."-'""' " ' "" "
pr'r c™,".""" «■'•'" •"' "" »« """I Wto.000. 2
^(0 to.rf.aoo,»»„d d.0. „■ „^ „„,<^ ,
_M E;o»l. „„,o„ „d d.„ ,„ „„^ ^ ,^^ ^
KOOjOOO, 6 per cent.
I 111' ''il!
ProviiM when the valut of uj> d<ttMil« proparty
•iCMda 1100.000 «Dd Uw MDOunt p«Mlnir in m»nn«r
•lOnMld to ujr oiM ptmn szoMdi Uw unoimt herein
■(tor ntntioiMd, « further duty dull be ptld aa tbf
MtouBl w pMUm in »ddUion to Um rtUa in Um
tortrriiw panfr^ih mentioned h foUowt :-
S^ VSffiSl^ "« "'oeedWttTooo, 1 percent,
pe riJSl. ^ «K» doei not ^.o^ldWoDO. U
pe'^M tT*'' •'"^*"* "^ ''«■ ■«>' «o^ •000,000, 2
(4^^0Mdl 1800.000 uid doio not oiONd 1800,000, Z|
<() Kxoeodi 1800,000. 3 per cent.
Where the ftfrtr^Kte velue of the property ot the
deoeoaed exceedi 110,000. eo much thereof u pe«M to
or tor the bemrflt of the irMidfether or r*n<imother or
wiy other linnl knoeatoi of the deccsMd, ekoept the
father wid mother, or to uy brother or tiiUr of the
dereMed, or to My defendant of euch brother or eieter.
or to ft brother or riiUr ol the father or mother of the
deceaanl. or to any dceceadont ol euch lait mentioned
brother or alatcr shall be aubjeet to a duty ol fS lor
every tlOO ol the value.
Provided that where the value of any duUable pro-
perty eKceede WO.OO0, and Uie amount paMinv in
■MnnaralDraeald to any one person mentioned in '.t;e
i»e)itpreo«lln«iubeeotlon. except thelalher and mother,
exoeede the amount hereinafter mentioned, a further
duty ihall be paid on the amount eo paaain^ In addltioa
to the duty in the next prmiedrng nibieotlon mentioned
w follows :—
*?*J![ «?:i!!." *5**'' <"»onn' »<i pMiinr to one penon
•*S*? fOIMWO and does not exceed 9100,000, 1 per cent.
m Exoeeda 1100,000 and does not Koec^ |UO,000.
Uparoenk '
i '"VmSk"' •*"■"" »wl does not exceed $200,000,
p} BioeMls 9900,000 and does not exceed KAO.00O.
4 per cent.
M Eioeeda tSM^ODO and docs not exceed «300,OOD,
1 par cent.
{/) Kxossds 1800,000 and doss not exceed »SGO,000,
(9) Ixossda tUO,000 and does not mxand tWO,DOD,
i per oenl.
(A) Exoswii 1400,000 and docs not szessd lUO.OOO,
H par — '
Wbtrs tbo atfrrenato value u( the property of the
dsosBssd txoosds nt^OOO. uKl any part thcreol passes
to or for tbs bsnsat of any person in any other degree
of oidlatsral ooBSanguiolty to the deoeaaed than ia
above deeoribsd, or to or for the benefit of any atraniter
In Mood to tbo deceased, savs as berefntefore provided
lor the aune, shall bs subject to a duty ol «10 lor every
•100 otths value.
Any, porUODOt an estate where the deceased &t time
of deatbfadoaaioUsd la Ontario, and which is brought
Into Ontario by exooutore or admlnistr«tora to admln-
istor shall bo UaUe to duty, but If any auoceaeion duty
or tax baa been paid thereon cleewbere than in Ontario
and such duty or Ux so eollectsd le mreater than the
duty payable In this Province no duty shall be pavahle
thetwm ; but U tbs duty eo paid eleewhere Is leae'than
tbo Ontwto doty then the dUTerance rourt be paid.
When any duty or tax shall have been paid by the
■alMe upon any moveable or personal property locallv
sltnato outside of Ontario or any Interest therein, >»
^allowanoo shall bs made for any outalde duly p»id
thereon : the diffsrence, U any, between the outside |
and Oatarte doty rtaOl be likewise jaW. P^>v^d«! »,,:■
■hovt aliovMHS* and dWeroaosa are only mads with |
reepect lo any country, stal*. or Briti^li Previneo or
poeieeelon where a slnillu allowance ie made lor the
duty or tax paid under this Act on property In Ontuio
passing on tU death of any penon dondoiled in any
such outi^de country.
Should an executor or administrator, in order to
eso^ie peyment of Suoocsslon Duty, dlstrlbuie any part
of saki eetaU without brinfing the eame Into Ontario,
aucb executor or administrator ehall be lUble, peiion-
ally, to pay His Majesty the amount of duty as If such
aoseta had been brought within Ontario, provide.-! that
this BhaU not apply to paymento made to pereoas
(loinidled out of Outorlo from asssts situate without
the Province.
No foreign executor or administrator riiail assign or
transfer any stoclia or eharee In Ontario standing in the
name of a deceased pemod, or in tnutior hlm,'whkh
are liable to pay Succeeilon Duty until such duty Is
paid or security given therefore a* provided, and any
corporation allowing a traiafe- jl any stocks or shares
contnry to this provision Hhall be liable to pay the duly.
An executor or adnilnlstlfitor applying for letters
probata or adminiatration to the estate ol a deceased
person shall, before the issue ol such letters to him,
moke and flte with the Surrogatu Regietrar a full and
correct statement under oath, giving (a) full itemised
Inventory of all the property of the decesaed and the
market value thereof. (6) The several persons to whonv.
the same will pass under the will or Intestacy and the
degree of relationship In which they stand to the
deceased ; and such executor or administrator shall,
before the issue of such lettan probat?, deliver to the
Surrogate Registrar a bond, In a penal sum equal to
ten per cent, of the twom value ot euf^ property liable
Succeaaion Duty, executed by himeelf and two
BureUes to be approved Of by the Registrar oondltloned
lor the due payment of any duty to which the property
may be found liable.
Should the Treasurer of Ontario be not satUfled with
the value eo sworn to or with the correcluess of the
Inventory, be shall direct the Sheriff of the County or
City to make a valuation and ^tpraise the eaid property,
md proviaion is made for an appeal from such appraise*
ment to the Surrogate Judaw ot the County within
thirty days after making and filing euch oseeismenL
The duUes Impossd hy the Act unless otherwise pro-
vided for shall be due and paj-sble at the death of the
deceased or within eighteen months theri^after. Should
they not then be paid intereet at 6 per cent, per annum
from death ol deceased shall be charged and cotlcirted,
and same shall be a lien upon the property in respect to
which they are payable until fullj- paid. Provision is
made however as regards postponement ol the duly
payable on any future or contingent estaUi, income or
interest, with the consent ol the Provincial Treasurer In
writing, until such estate, Income or interest comes into
possesion. The Treasurer of the Province, on being
MtisBed that the full amount of Succession Duty has
liri'ii or will be paid in resjiei't ol an estate or in part
thereof shall, If requlrod, give to the person accounting
for the duty a certUcate which shall discho^e from
any fbrtlier claim the property shown hy ihe certificate
to form the estate.
An administrator, cxocnter or trustee having In
i^hirgs or trust any eetato, legacy or property subject
to duty shall deduct same therefrom or collect the duty
thereon from the person entitled to such property, and
aliil! net dcliTcr any property subjtc; 10 dmy to iny
person unUl be baa collected the duty thereon.
' W THE CHinu) STATKS
VALUABLE MISCELLANEOUS M.,rrKM
BttlOIOOTDBrOMnrATIOlfS]
TT^"^""""- I Members.
Advemists . . . — 1,
gaptlsta , _»...U46 itiends: —
Brethren (River) 5,"4.0G6 Jews . . . '
caSc" ^^y"^°^th): : : I ,*■«! \\ femon^: ; :
J^'{'"!'c Aj>i)«toiic; ; ■ " ■
^^'}J2 Menonitea.
Conimunlsth.
OiscinlM of iTirlst " ■ , l*l-^> Reformed .'^•^"■'^"Wil . .
AJUiikards J.5I9.771 United Bft.ihr„^
I -Mfiiiljers.
123.748
143.000
40O.&-iO
W.01I7
l-.'iUfi.IMi
'■'-'■AI.TM
1HS.890
14N.19D
»0.8I9
70.542
"LMM
0BXBD8 m THE WOELD
girl.tla„|,y
_J^jlowera. Creeds.
549.ooo.oorfcs;;; " —
?;'.000.000
'7.000.000
, '.000,000
'f ■'.000,000
'2.000,000
lOOOjOOO
Continents
Kuro|)e.
Asia. . . .
Africa. .
America. .
'*'}«JraIiaanilOcean
Catholic Lt«,t^t.;o.?h'a.
I Churcha
'7.293,434 '"9foffiBJ4
J.fi68,34i 53,479
3.«».» »iia,m
\m,m.im
>t.ed»M,o.7perreMJew».or.76Vl(So^' tf'^""""' '■'' »"<'." Mohara-
491
im^
|fi!l!l!
■'ill
il'lllhil
Si-
carpenter's rules
CARPENTER'S RULES
EOorrRAMora
IMtaiitian o( Tonu.— The "gable" is the triangnlsr anc! o(s
oommon double-rooted building. By the "pitch" of a roof
1» meant the relation which the height of the ridge above the
level of the root-platee bean to the apan, or the distance
between the studs on which the roof rests. Thus a roof that Is
one-half as high as the width of the building is "haUpitoh." one
that u one-fourth as high .is the width is 'quarter-pitch," eto.
The following illustration from Hodgson's "Practical Treatise
on the Steel Square," not only shows the meet oommon
pitches, but also gives the degi«ea:
"Most carpenters,'*
says Hr. Hodgson,
"know that half-
pitoh is 4S degrees,
yet few know third-
pitoh is nearly 84, and
quarter - pitch about
87 degrees.
"A buUdlng 84 feet
wide (as the mftera
come to the center)
has a 13.foot run and
half -pitch, the rise
would also he 13 feet,
and the length of the
rafter would be 17
feet (the diagonal of
13). Length, outs,
oto., could all be figured from the one illustration."
The Laacth of Rattan for the most common pitches can be
found as follows from any given span:
i,multlply span by .859, or 7-12 nsarly.
" * .6 ,or3-a "
' .625, or (
' .71 , or 7-10 ••
„„ .8 , or 4-5 "
Ifiuil *■ "1,12, or It "
To lengths thus obtained must be added amount ot prajeotkn
of rafters at the eaves
492
Ittpltdi,n
iti ■■
If Rill"
cabpenteb'b buuis
morn or le« „„ th,i/le"X^w°u™ke.°1t;' """"■"«
fiwmp/f.-To determine the tongth of ^f J» . •
ooMtnioted one-half pitch with .^ . - " '" » ™>'
'" "^~ --k- the Wgth Jbi'^L^J^t: "" "■" '"*
Sow to Knd Bmb arf Uagth of H.ft,„
«ige„f the bo«d'on.°t;*^,tinX;ie th""" .'""" ""
•• .hown in the above fi^ Th. . ■ ! """■' ""' "»''' "
Of the upper end. and uT^gte .°t7.1 fh" 7'" *" "" '"^•'
rafter. *" " " »' "■» lower end of the
l»lfthewldthof thehmdinV tteTto^r t"'?"" ""*'•'>'
dietanoe ftom a to 6 on «..' i? T ~ ""^ ' '«" "* Tko
with inohe. on one .ids div^rt^ < '™'"' <»'''»y» "»o a square
»fterwiUbe«°«t"^^ ™jtnr""«^. therefore thi.
anr to Dete^ln. Our«, f6r Brick .„d Ston. tehe.
Meaaure width required and
draw the figure above in-
dicated. U the points in the
ngures are equal on both side*,
the curve will be an exact
part of a circle.
To Find the Area of a Oahl. Ind
£. «od the ^ b. multiXt the-wl'dtL":f r r^C,^
CARPBI<rrRR s KUI.Efl
T* Ftaid KnmlMr of Faet ol Itoek Bowdi to Oorcr l
Multiply th.dlrt«ice WCTind the hoiwe by the height of th*
port. Md add U» Mw, of the two gable ends to the reeult.
Hew to Find the Height of a Tiw
Heaaure off on the ground from the bsM of the tree th«
number of feet you d«tfr.your log to be in length (.^1*8
for the height of the
Btump), then measure
back one -third of the
distance and place there
a pole as many feet long
as thlf) last measurement;
let some one hold it from
the height of prospeotiTe
■tump from the ground.
then place your eye at
the outer end of the line
..J i„i. . measured from the tree
^ iSt "JJ ^ ^^ ^""^ ""> ""■ The point where the
3!i. ". "^.'^ •" "» '■•'«'" ""<"• '^" «<" you the log
of the required length. "■»■<«
88^rS7®"''':r ; ■"« " '*' ■»"« •» ^tea-measure off
Wfeet out from the base of the tree, and then measure back
•^ U feet. At this point (indicated by 6 in the cut), have
Z th^l ■'". y°°' ■"'" *' "" '■"SW "om the ground
that the rtump « to have, then put your eye at e. look over the
which ^«I 11 V\ \ '.'"' ''""' "''° "'" »"*» »>» t™> •' *
v^ioh will be 88 (eet from a, the point where the tree is to bi
494
['■«:,
THE KING AND ROYAL FAMILY.
Kif.» Bdward VII Bom m
.i
THE KINO'S CIVIL LIST.
"If
OBMaqwnt upon Iha dtuh ol Hit UaiMy KInf
Gd<ranl VII .Md Ui* K«»«lon of Hit UmjMty OMrxr V .
UKf* **■■ puMd In the Fmrliwiieiiupy WMiDn of 1910
wl*l i. |...owr. u lh« Cu.l l.i.l An. th« Acl hy which
iteterM.I»«|whAlch>rrttihall be mode on the co.,k.1.
drtrt ruwl for tlw -luli.tenMM erf th« KInf m.1 hU
Until Omtk* III. c>R.e to iIm throna In 1760, the in-
OMMof tlMMvtrelBn w^^ J.rived chl«(l, from Crown
»Mi, fmn K wiety of Iwu1«d property In England and
W«lw. SootUnd ud Irvlnnd. In which the toytnign had
ft tlfe-intcmt, wid from which he received the rcnti. In
(he .id«| •(« thCM Unde conitltuted t prim-ly pktri-
mo..,. In hUr Umee thbCrown property wu greatly
reduowl by Uvlrii grmnU to roy.l favorite* At the
lM««orMlon the Inooma from Crown knda wae aaccr-
Uined by . comrolttM of the HouM «! Con.niona to
«no«rit lo £117,900 a year. In MMItJoa td i4,«W Iroin
tlMFon^olDean. By the time Charlw II. had been
o* tha throne tbrea yeara he had by Ua Uvjth baatowal
or "'•Undaonlavoriuarediicad the Inooma to £100.000.
WiUiam III., by hit gnnU to favorJtta who had aoocm-
paKM him from Holland, made further ha«oo with the
OtowB domalna; ao much ao that at tha acceaalon of
Quaan Anna Parliament endeavored tomva the remnant
l»M Act fl AuM, o. «) which prohibited alienation of
ttWB laiMKMd anaoted atrinsent provWona la rcKud
U ttohnfthof tha tann forwhlch the* mif ht bt leaacd
udlbaraatareMrvad.
ainot than, and aapaclally ainca the Aocaaalon of
tha Ui« KlB( Edward Vll.. the Income from the Crown
Unda haa vary craftAy Incraaacd.
«u«tn Aaita, o«or(t I. and Qaorsa II. derived the
Ifcnrar part of tbair iBooma from thrir llle-lnUreat In the
Crown property, but when Oaorta III. came to the
throne ha aurrandarad hit lifa-lnlenat In tha Crown
landa. U waa turned over to tha nattoo In rrtum for a
ll«ad Civil LM of 4800^000. aubaequantly inoreaaed to
£000.000. Oaorta IV., WllUam IV., Quean Victoria and
Rdwaid VII.. on tbaif aocamlona, aurrendcrad their life-
InUreat In the Crown landa In return for a Civil Liet
Tha aama oouraa waa taken by Geersa V. when he came
to tha throne ; and on June ISth. WIO, a committee ol
tha Houae ol Commona waa appointed to racommend
the new Civil Llat It reported on the 6th of Julj , lOio,
and Ita reoommeiidatlona were embodied in an Act (I
Oeorie V., c. 6), which waa paaacd through all ita staicei
in the Ilouae ol Lorda on Aufuat 2nd. 1910. By thia
Act the Klntr-a Civil LUt waa fl.ed at the yeariy aum of
£470.000, whkh waa tha aama amount an that Krantcd
toKlnrSdwardVII.
ciAaaaa op bvpuditoki. auM appBoraiATtD
I. Their HaJeaUer Privy Puree £110000
II. SahwiearfHleMaJaatyehouaehold
and retired allowancea 12I>,800
HI. Expanaao ol HIa Uajeaty'a hotua-
no""- I»3,000
IV. Worto. 8o_ooo
V. Royal bounty, alma and hMdalaer-
»"»■ 18,200
VI. UnappropriMad 8,ooo
..Mmjm
Har Mnjaaty Qvam AkuadrB !■ amrduoa wlih the
Civil LW Aa pMaMi at th« aocaaalon of Edward Vll. <|
E'lward VII,, o. 41, enjoya an annuity of £70,000, and a
•ImiUr provlalon la made In lb* Civil Uat Act of 1MB
for Queen Mary In rate aha eurvive* tha Kliy.
The late King Edward-^ daufhtore, PrlneaM Louiaa
(Duchaaa of Mia), Prinoeea Victoria and Prinoaai Maud
( Prineee* Charlea ol Denmark), reoelva an annual allow-
anee of £1B,000 durin* tbalr Joint llvea, whiob will ba
reduGMl at the death of each of the aakl prinoaaaaa by
£0,000.
At tha death ol Edward VII. the provtalon for tha
Royal Family amountad In all to £678,000, boinir
£470.noo for tha Kinifa CTvU Llat, and ilM,m In
re^wct of allowancea to other member* of the Royal
Family. ThU amount I* aonewhat iDcreaaad by tha
allowance ol 170.0(10 wade to t,^nAla«aiidra. Aatte
Prince of Wale* la entitled to tha ravenuea ol tha Dnolv
of Cornwall, no epecial provlaloa waaniadafor him I*
the Civil Llat Act of IBIO, but It waa provldad that. In
the event of hie marrying, an allowanoa ol £10,000 a
year ahould be made to the Prinoeaa of Waka, to ba
Increaaed to CW.OOO rtiouU aha eurvlve hla ^yal
lllghneOT. Each ol King Otorgc'a eona la to recwlva an
annuity of 110,000 on coming of age. to ha Increaaed to
£lft,0«l on hie marrying. Tha allowanoa to daiighUia
la to be £6.000 a year. No proviaion la made In tha
Art for chlldran of younger mtmbera o- tha Royal
Family.
The annulllea to tha Royal Fkmlly after tha reaeltlf.
mcnt at the aeceatlon of deorga V. atmd thua :—
Hla Majeaty (Civil Uat) £470.000
Queen Alexandra. 70,000
Peoeiona tnnalarred to ConaoHdalt 1
*'•""' 18.000
PrinceaHaLouba, Victoria and Maud.. 18,000
Prlnccaa Chrlatlan of Bchteanlg-liol.
•t«'» i,tiOD
Prinoeaa Loulee. Ihicbeaa of Argyll .... 8.000
DukeofCon- .ujht 2(1,000
Princen Beatrice (ol Battenbu^) b.ooo
Ducheaa ol Mecklinburg-Strellti. 3.000
Ducheee ol l^dlnburgh ||,ooo
Ducheaa ol Albany 9,000
Total £634,000
The ravenuee ol the Duchlea ol Cornwall and Lancu-
ter are outalde the Civil Llat arrangement. Thoae ol
Cornwall, valued at £00,000 a year, are veated In the
eldeit K»] ol the reigning aoveraign, who bcoomea by
birth the Duke of Cornwall, by virtue of a patent of
Edward III. In 1337. The Duchy ol Lancaator waa the
private patrimony ol Henry Bollngbroke. aon ol John
Of Qaunt. It is separaU Irom the other poMaaalona ol
the Crown In order and government, but united to it
ir> point of inheritanet. It alao bringa in a rtvenua of
M).O00ayaiir.
THE BRITISHJVAVY IN I9I|.,2.
'''*^' » 'k. Mb 01 M.,«|. "iim. f "r*" '° "•>»«1"l» win ,1.0 V,, '""'""""' •»•' II.. .Urt,.,
■wiNJ .o,ita,„,,,,,.,7'i^"'^'»« '"•'•".»« ii™,»i.i,,., to" . ,' 2';'"''' ""•»"»' m'
u»r....
«'»■•....
IIMIO..
»1M1..
MMt..
n.m.wi
«.Ht.MO
_. «.aai,iin
uom!.' *>MHOI»
»,«».000
««»"«w.rni„d„™7 ■ "■ "''" II" »4.,
•" "I" tjp., Ud In .3' ,'*" "°'' "-I'lBhlpin,
««>»«M«.n<lih.HoJ T; ., ' ""• «'■ «'■
»■..!»««.. ..^":^■^,^~' ;;■'•« l..n,.Mn,
"<*• "W. oltn h", , ,";'°''"""" "- «I.I1».0»
«!«« Kd««d. .„H ; ""^""•l"' lo on. ot ola.
* protecUd crubin.
I uiURDOund craiMT
t'dMtroyan,
CwbaurliMat
t Hvtr lunboata
■ h0i|>lui lUp.
.W.'ofMrvk).. -
ll»lll«hlp(N.plo„,).
1 •rmonml „„,.„ nndohu^u,,
a ■
Tiii"Sc»APm<,i.orw*MiiiP,.
,'>i'is?is;'r4»;- "'«»". .0.. .p
•"— •uip. I ""• ■»«i»i>i«. It w« »t all time h w
_ ■■"*, ami inn. w
"•roll Jl,t, i»,2, i„ loBvon, i, Z. T"~ """
.n.l..n„„b,ro(ii?,L^ 'i'","'""""'-"'
on APH, u.. „„,.,^ ^ «'^''^"^i^::^",r:r^^-^°'^-^
b..u„,,„ = ,,^^J™ "»"" "»*«lo» 10 AfaS'y »S^'° '^ZT'^ '"' '«« *lp.. 5»
» "-tn^^M o™l«_ B^i 1 ■""'"^ »"l»», .lon^„ i,.n.,.,Dj^ L""" """ '"""" """o-
""w^ nnnariAH, dntrorm, m^ mmUi,
hi!!!*:::
P''!i
* to IliM WduM iM puwd
> Mftr iHh, 11)11,
let of the world, •hU'h
■howH th* (olhiwIiiK
Hb**I
1.117,100
fttiraao. ».0l6,10O
lllmllMWM«flmlv« MWkMI.. . . , 54T.n»
Admlrally utile*..
ToUl,
Ami, C. D. Vt«eh. .
ArmMind Oraiwn. ,
PraUetod Cmkmn,\
■ U IT T S3 0 11 n
3> » 4 U 10 t 1ft 19
ri. 36 5 t H I I 11 11
tAVnt«)W OrulMn
">■ 16 7 t n 11 I
TU>|Mdo<mMl»....
1- 0. Dtatroytn...
TDrp«deB<Mta
. I7T««3 «
. no »i M
n IB II M r
M S9 Tl « fi7
BMUNhlpn
AnnoandCruiwri..,, a 1
ProUet«d Oruittn. II. 9 „
UnptotocMd OrulMn, » ,.
■oouU
ilubaMrilM Dtpdt Ship 1 .,
T. B. DHlrojcra 2g n
Torpada BoMta. ,.
iiilihi
I'M* >n>ro|MUU«M in «|d
Totaf.
Tha prlndpal Inoiw
41B,2SO
. «u,st4,an
■ t,M»Ht
<M,«H,TW
■ l.Jlt,IIM
<M,aM,t<«
provldMllOrw*;—
Wnrt^Mo. itttiflo
Vleiuftdinc. „, ^
MmUmI MUMMintMU tooh
■hlpbuiUinc f,«l|«iO
HAvftl uniMMtit* MO^OOO
Work* and buUdlva ^^jj
MtoMllUIMIM ntnt
Admlnltjr oflioa^ „,jj
Paniioni, «te. t$MO
N«v»l Kmhvm,
admUaa mrriom..
l,HO
II ta .. T la « 17 4
Ftam tluM vUtiniM tiM fact tmiffM UmI ,
wmourad vvmta iht poaitlen of Orvat BriUla rabrw*])'
to Um twoPo»«r •bncUnl ahowt but Utila chant*. In
tail j-«ara Return th« numUr of batUMhfpa built tor
Great Britain waa M, nnd for Oennanr ««) the United
a»atei together 83, whcraae tbla j-ear the nombertar* 63
Mm1<1.
AuocA-noir or rei Hohit.
In the year IMO-ll the numlwr of men and boyaln
Ihe Britieb Navy waa IncreaaKT by S.OOO andailmUar
Increaa*— alao of 3,000 men and boy*— wm naked of
Parliament lo» the year 1911 It. Thie LrlnKS up th*
total penonMI of the Ka*y to 1$4,000, and the (ollowlnn
a'liounU are allooated In Eetlmatea :—
WflfH— Officen, ieaman, bo}*, et<!.. £7,703,000
VIctuallInc and olothinff for the
Navy 3.ra3,»»s
Medical eaUbllabraenti. Ssa.THT
Hartlal law 4^000
BducatJonal aervioe* ilfi,3a3
Belentlflo •ervioaa go.sig
Royal If aval Reaervn BB7,70e
ShiphnlWlng, repain, etc. fpencn-
Ml) 8,683,500
Ditto (mataiial) S,432,tf00
(MW(aOBtnw(woik) U«b»,900
ThwaawdinriMwol 49,000 for martialla«r, £6,000
tor aduoatiooal lartlON, awl «it,00fl for oi*ll iup*r-
annuatlon, ate
A* compared wiM tan y«an afo (tWH-l) than U an
InireaM in the Eatinatea of nearly M par o*ni tht
totale being «30,9B1,I15 and £t4,30l,50a
Cabi roc nu Wnraai or nu Hw.
In vxptalnlng th* laryar aoMHint r«|ulr«d lor mgtn,
Mr. HGKannaitai*dtHar,aaa rMultotthaowiaideratlos
<rf Ih* p**IUoo pr*.mH«l by the workman In Ui* dock-
yard* in im(^ lnoraa*«l ntaa of pay had b*«a Ktantnl
to Uborara and wood-oaulker*. Uad had alao b*«i
given to man/ of the raooounaiMUtlona of Iha Coounitt**
■ppointwl to anquir* Into the Kaval Madiotl 8*rvk*
and Gto*c atUotion had ban ginn by the Adnlialty to
the aerioua problem of tub*rcttlaal* In th* Navy. An
ln***UgatioD had been made by the Medical ConaulUtiva
Board Into th* mean* by whioh, under the oondlthua
peculiar to aarvic* In the Royal Navy, tubarouloata
oouJd beat be tr*ated and Ita InoapUon and tpitad b^
checked.
Arrangemento wen made in lOll for tba anppiy of
trained nuraea from Iha civil hoapltala In the event of
war. Theie nun** art to form a reaem of trained
ir*ea, and the new foroa U to be known aa Ou**n
Alexoodra-e Royal Naval Nmralng Service lUaerv*.
■ni* eastern <rf deuntion a* a form of punlahment for
oBenoei under the Sava) Diadpllne Aot oame Into force
on the Home and Mediterranean MaUon* on January lat
mi ; and on other Poieign alatton* it came into force OIL
April let. Th* change from the Srat appearwl to ba
beneKclal to the earvk* and to th* m*n. Nm only waa
the atlgmn erf Imprisonment removed, but the couiim of
drill and training through whioh the men are putdurlng
their termi of detention w<r* carefully deigned to
n.»ke them mor= efl!-i.„V i„ j^^ „,^ ^^^^^ ^^
VMM m ihe Chang*, the naval prlaona at Portamouth
and LewM have been cloaad. Bodmin being l.lt aa th«
I only nana piiMo. u vu mtkbobaif to mIo Ml '
Tht tie* ZtaUml (I,.. ..,
/.---••^■-■■•"iviiinaMM „.„■'■," '''•^Ewt India,
liif > Ur». armoured fniVr orVii /*."^'' ""•' '"flud-
"Whip. II .., ™™,',;°V"','"d';.il.lilot,|,„
•""I ih»t lor iht lMr.ii.S;i~
i«»iu«ssBs;v„Y tes;.'!'!!?' '? f"-™"
mwynr. ""^ "•'» lh"i In 111* pnrj-
To K«, „, „„ o„„„ D„„„„„ -^-.. „ „„ „,,.,,„ ,i-T -P^i.ii,
». . _. .. . • I WaH ihal thr i«*.^| Th,n , «„ «' H*""* l« II r JoMah
■» IH. l».mnio,, 5 N„ Sr'a *!''',,'^"" "' ' "»
"■awn.1 on her way ig phj,^
f^adi lolMrelnrllwraT
--...,1 I,, Nr. STS'" 'f" '"• '>- ivtiSl~
■"III- cr.t^joSt"'.;.: ..aa .cn^i^iC
loU ton by ItaUli LI JSi ST * ""' •" "" II""
-IP., .nich.,. 6t.iis.fr..?Ki«,:s'x&'Si
QOVEBNOR8-OENERAL OF OANA^
1887-1912.
Nunc.
Ita Hlulil Hon. th. bSi o "1 oll« ^°
Koikr.k.i
Date of
A|<pnrnlni«nt
■liiriB I, \MiJ
»•«■. !^., J«ifi
May a., is; '
<>■•■ 7, I07H
A'ltf. It, I»:i
H'l I. >«*8
M»> '-•«, iNua
Jiilj :mi. iBritt
t«l>l. 28, I'KH
tHUoT
rx-
;"ij I, iw
"0.. li, »n
<l<^- <■% IMS
.lona II, laM
"Tt in. IW
i^-v- IS, isna
IWC. 10,1804
Naichc.iM, o„, „ ijii
U"<«»i|<-C«»n|on of OiHulo, OihImo, Don SoM. ..j .-71
ONTARia
"nt^an
■ ■ ■fulj' I, 1867
.Jnljr u, lanti
■ ■Ko". A. 1873
■■«V IV, I87S
u-ji"J;ip«30, 18S0
.C.B..F#b. 8, 18«7
M*y 2S. 1802
no". 18, I81t7
Majorocnenl H. W. StitUd C n
".A, UocdofiAhl, P C '
■■ ■*"' Ar«, Cwnpbeir, K.O H G
NOVA SCOTIA.
Hon. JoKepK H(we pS" "' ' ■ J**!" '3* 1870
Matthew HMrvHlPh--**'-'^-'^- "^w J' *• >a"
•■ K*n6 tilouanJ Camn
" T."?'j*'*'l*ef''»St. JiiHi.p'c ""
•• TWwlore Roliiuill,.. I' u
■■ •* f. R. MwBon, P.C.
" n- II. Angen
•• ^'F J. A. Chapleau,.
■■ L A. JtlU.
«o"-8lrC.A,P. PenaJ.k.CMo
"w. AFtfimakl, C.M.O
«atth«w H«nry Rlchry
A.W.Jil.UIa„„Ki;.
" Malachy B. lUy
Hta Honour D.C. FVawr
I, iirrj
■July ». I8W«
■JMly n. 181W
.July 20. Jens
.July 20. IM)
innfl
. July
P.O.
jThe Ilon.sir|.'. UnselUp,' Kt.iBht , .
NEW BRf.SSWlCK
Mr,v:'r.^i';cn'^
Hon. L. A. Wilmoi.rK'L
■' S,LT[||e,..rB
■• Rl Damn r(,:..id!i r O C
1. IMtT
31. ](u;s
It, ts;
Ift. IM.
% IHTu
*. IWt4
21, l«S7
!>, IKft
I, innj
Jnl.v n,' 1<M«
■oct.?«;mo|„;,„^„ru"r;:;'
John J. rrnaer
A K. Hc('M
J^hex U. Srin
' Dw.
• . Pec.
. 1873
I>i, InTH
II, IM80
•II. IWB
21. IHBS
». IWVl
30. too;
THE BRITISH OINSUC OF lOlt
* a
"If
JSlSfJ*"*-*.*.!
!!•■■■! „W|i»i aaklM « Mai — — l»*i— im tkm
ft-Srsslsr J^!!a.''i?"~» »» ••"• »<• "i
!2!2lttSHli'teT~ "J'' »""■'■ '"»"•
ncMMI tod Wuw, kownar, Um nu el Innfw wu
int..
IHI .
lUI..
IMl..
IMl..
IMl..
ini..
PsputeUea.
MH,Ui
lt,OOQ,tM
io,oas,w4
i*,oos,ftta
at,m,us
M,OTfi,SW
u-io
u-oe
IB w
U JT
11 «
11 90
la n
U'M
I>»tnff tlM 110 YMn It win thiM be Men thai th«
popuUtiM or KncUml and WaIm bM jnor. than qi»d
ru|H«d,andthM,rouflilrapMkliit. tbin antwwrour
pmow to vmj OM tnlwbiUiic ttw country at Um
opMlnt of tin DlnatMnth ctntury.
Tan licBM or FnuiM.
Tb« niamb«r of whtdulM ooUmM !■ rouflhly muI**!-
•nttolhaiiunttaroiraiiillin. In Ull, Um nnmUr In
■?fj^f«l *••« wM a.OiaiBT, M •DOipand with
T.Oia.Ua in lOOl-an lacnaM oIM1,«Ml or I* pw emt ,
I kifer IneroMt In th« Mrcwntw ot hmUlM than in
tho p«ro«nta(< ol indtvldnali. Of tha a>,OTB,n» IndU
vMiiali oompoainr thfM 8.0I11.U7 tamlilw, 1T.M8,I7«
war»n)aln,Bnd)(l,n«,T«3wenf«raalw. TtalajtWnan
•«»M ol 1,178,317 hmalci over maln-an aaoMt which
would b« irtatly raduead It tha Engllah and Walah
mcmbera of tha army and navy, and of tha marchant
aanrica abroad, ware InciudKl In tha nckonlitf. Tha
in tha population '
, ^., , -.. — 1,057 to 1,000; It iti
deciinad cenaua after ecniua to 1131, whan It alood _.
1.01! to 1,000. Afur IS^l there wu a ehanica in tha
oppoaita direction, and up to 1901 thcra wu a allBti t but
continuouB Inoraaaa in th* proportion of fenialaa lo
malea. In 1911 the proportion waa the aama as In 1001—
I.OtS to l.OOO, but when the larRe numher of Ensliah
aoldlfra. who ware In South Alrica in t90l. la kc^Jt In
mtnd, it wenunndoubttd that there li a amali actual
Increaaa in the prapontMi of teinalei in the ponuiaHan
aa recorded In ilie ceniua or 1011.
Till Balani'R op Pop I- 1. ATI on.
anoa htlwaen outward and Inward paaaenacr trafflc.
Tba nai sain of j ipulation in Enfland and Wal«« by
, 1* TK li»ini| inm, la Ua talaaaa
E.. iiini.ti. .'TT*' . . ""•—•■
uu.. tun.m KuiSi •loMim mTm
«nu an Vuu ronunMi.
OaaatltalMMnaalUaac
ai Walaa la a das" '
lawai aniiiiuil,.
SjS
la af tta HaMiNa af tka aaaaw af Itll for laalaaa
•I. ;sjssf'i££sjra'csiSiffcsr "
pfopbttlwu
ol Lmiam m
V '-
■^S»J»Mi ^t tboii watt ehla((y CwBo o» a»»« ■o»».
Than Um poMlailoa InoraaMl fioni Ujm to «,?«•,
ibUon Dttba wboki ti Um N towM waa. bowavw,
^ -.!'' ^ ?*"h " comparad wltk u hMNMt of lfr«i
tor tha whoh of tha cMBtry. 01 Um bmr tewna.
IWl to I06,»77 fa> 1911. w H par « -
olMrt axdoalvaty duo to Um dovd.,.
car nanufaottirlnf In jia araa. TTii i
2S;i>"*f '*?*"'?«>■• *'''* •«!•««>" •>» London
dWriota of Um OHy ot Lanlon PoAm and tho
««trapolHan Polica. Aowad an Incraoaa ol HMB) par
Porhapa Um gtaattat deoTMM la hj ««r»Mto Um
City rf Ui^oii, ttaa ocntrd muaBU wMeh toahtdao
the Bank ot ^Iwd and tha UaMtai Boum. Han
li'iKS*?* I2R*'*"'°J' "«•"»«» Iron. M,fa ta IWl
»»«7 In t«l, a daeraaoa of MW par cant A
•paiM Day CMiiua wait howavar, takan J^Um City of
UidM wjileb ahowad that Uura antarwl dalhr Into
IhaOlty l,nT7,l» paraona and H.OtS vahlola«r>adaa-
triana |oin« into tha city numbarwl lH,a«t j traino
SS?*.-'." ¥'■*** Pf^wngeri ; motor vthleifo conveyed
aM,867. herae vehiclea, 1M,*1«; cleclric tramura.
lta.7iM : and bicycW, i9,sos.
Aa raaaida the ratal araaa. In tha daoannlal period
Irom IWl u 1901 Um eomparatlva Inoraaaa ot rural and
urban areaa waa «■» par cant, and \it par oanL For
the ten yeara Irom 1901 to 1911 tha rato of Increaaa In
the urban dlairtctadccllnad from U'2 par ocnt. to tl-1
per cent, whila tha rato ot incraaoe In tha rural areaa
rOM from 21> per cent, to 101 per cent. Tbaaa rataa,
however, rcpreaent an actual ini-reaaa of «,il8.07! par-
■oni in the urban dlatrictl^ and of T»,SS4 paraona in tha
"iral areaa. Taking! the urban and the rural diatrlota
constituted at eath of tha [our paat ccnana yaaiw : tn
1881. 0? per cent, of the tout population ot Enflaad
and Walaa ware dwellera In towne. and 3S per cant
era in the rural dlatrirta; In 1801 tha panMntane
_BrB 73 U-T ttw- K-'m. am} S3 for the conniry ; in IflOl.
17 for the towna and tt tor tha oountry : ar.d f« Iftlt,
'H per eant for tha town* and IS for tha oonntry.
!i^
' ••' WW lH-»||y nm\
MtiulMloM ol
'H»u» of igni.
•*•' loiLunn;
>--»» ■fno* tiM
.„ •'" 'Htn, tilth ltid,OM
*- l>fr , •«. The tOWM
V ,'h?. '»"' J" '">'""'•*.
,". -i"iL ^^ ItrwiiMt
" *» Iha MniiM nu
!' ' ■'■•'• Arouihl Krlln.
W". "W iroMth of
' ,JV ^^*'" •xception
■■• i».r ith«nih«popu|iu
.'or the whole mrw».only
'here »m h actuj
<»»«• nana „, fco^^
trapuu
t—.^. ;™«»- ™*«™_"W locnMt lo lb. Ubur..
in population.
ISIO.
1.07*. 188
•M,B33
1,I«),.'j:»
i.aii.oss
I,.'>7S..',72
GW,WI6
- 13,103
- 4, Ml
-3e.gsB
ecnt.
*.381,M1 .7B.8t<
iM s.ii«iiii3i„ s mas"' ""I'* '*■«'
1841..
a^on or i8ii *
lp«ro
nmw,
/iW-iptr.
■ i.iH,i0r
. 6.TB9,M?
. S.41t,STr
9.n4.8H
4.701.750
■ n\
iwi AiiZ'iz:
■i,:'l
''^1!
'€
\m
III
iw
NEWF0UNDt4AND
NEWFOUNDLAND
In tho yeai 1654 the firet eatimate o( the reiident population of
Newfoundland was made. At that time there were suppoaed to
be about 17?" persona living on the island. In 1680 this had
increased to about 2280 beaidea 4000 men enftaRed in the fisheriea
from the West of England. The population has grown steadily
from that time, and in 1911 the population, including the popu-
lation of Labrador, was estimated at 240,000.
The following table will show the number of Protestants and
Catholics according to the census returns beginning with the year
1S45:
Year
1H45
ltW7
I8««
IHTl
(Including Labrador) IWI
1901
Eetlmated 1911
PrntestanU
I'.L.'KA
«7,:i3
!>7.aS7
VIJ.WJ
I »4.!I95
IfW.000
Roman Catholics
K7.2H
61. (HO
The CenauB returns for 1901 eiiow tne number engaged in the
following occupations:
ClerKTinen **•
Teacbera '^
Lawyers and Doctors 138
Merchante and Tracers LOW
Office and Shop Hand!' 2.SM
Govemmont Service • 789
OatchfnR and CurlnK FlHti:
Males "-281
Females 2M*S
Farmers '■'•*"'
FJsliers and others who cultivate land 40.4S8
Mechanics S.111
Lumbermen 1 .***
Miners I.5'«
Factory Hands 1.626
Employed otherwise 11 689
THE FISHERIES
The chief industry of the people of Newfoundland and the chief
contributor to the prosperity of the country is the fisheries. The
fishery products form about 80 per cent of the exports of New-
!<■ 9>
loandland a. .hown by the return, for the (i„ai year 1009 -n
Coonih (dried)
CodflHh (otberwlM) W.-W.778
Herrlnt '*■"*
Salmon »-M
Lotater. «"''»>
Other Fim '"■"^
Cod Oil "M9
Seal oil """la
Seal sum.. "»•«"
Whale Ml ""sa)
H7,3«
As , ill be >een by the above figureB codfish is by far th^ un-
important part of the fishing indnstrv Th. . 7 "'°"
codfish from Newfoundland i^iSdt a'verage i rl"'!°f ,°'
while the annual catch of codfish in ZzLl V™'™ quintals,
about 4,000,000 qdntata if IM ttT ."Tv"'"''"''"""'
totaled i,73Z,387 qataw. "■""' "' •''«»'°"-ll«nd
buyrc^rc"o"^^:i,«rcr '-^ "^^ '■""™ - "■« '"■'^'
IMPORTS
Newfoundland import, from Great Britain in 1880 werr. v»l„=^
ct?'?;,''*''*" '■"* "'■'"" »'■'«'■«» '» «>»" orZg o„ ;i'";'
i^:rt«t!:-i^-
About one-half the importatins from Canada and Onited
State, are what may be classed natural products and artTcTe.
trTwT- "'f • "'^- ™°'' ""•• ■<> "-at only o„e-ha" o
the importation, from Canada and United State, are m.nu
lo°.'nnr'f '• "'"f "" '■"P"^""™' "om Great Brita^are
«rf.KT '' r»"'»«»"1 "«'=l™- The following compar!
iZtmo-"" ' •"""""" "'"■""'«"«■* -port, tof the yea"
u::, b
' m
') ■ t I' IIS
"■ {I
*•■•• ol th« Prindpd Importe for th* Prnut PIv* Ymm, la
which Britain, Cut Ida and th* Unltad StatH can
compete on falriy equal tonns.
AttiolM.
isog^g.
laos^.
1S07-0*
190B49
1909-1O
Total taperti of dlArtl-
DoUan.
I0,«l<274
DoUui.
10,420.040
DoUan
11.670,111
Dollmn
ll,40««7
Doltan
13,799,09a
Co»l
OrrOcodi
(MtimVmbria
TwmS.
ST"''"'— """'^ -•
OrooniM
1
mi,i77
Sl»,440
S06,M6
2S6.0W
mMB
vwm
iM/m
wnm
vajsao
lOMu
US,!08
osaase
87e,4e3
2«2,2IS0
800,207
232,101
2ii,sas
2oe,ni
ni2,7ai
129.70;
101.737
M8.g4«
I3s.!as
lUJOS
iwjnmi
048,191
308,909
263,088
398,686
111,166
361,716
188,618
188,900
13i,74<
143,886
400430
144.487
111,714
806,997
847,888
888,718
843,023
360,243
316.700
168,0«6
181,166
188,074
100,806
111,388
880,034
188,986
183,M4
ias,37>
091,784
481441
483,080
838,988
847,880
349,741
91,411
316,391
100,808
137363
10638S
618,404
144,086
118,116
143,640
Import* from Orcat
■rtlclee during th*
AitidH
100fr«0
Total Iiaporto from GtMt DoUin
Britain of >U IrtiolM
(iaaladlac opecie) ... 3,067,190
Co«l
Lwthar ud Lnthamn
DirOoodo
Cotton IW>ria ...
Bwdmra
Bawllwano
RmpYuii
BMdjraudo Clothiis
TwMda
Wonwn'o Dmo Oooda
Srit
Uaehinory k LooomotiTM
OrooeriM
ft<jl
MMionoi;
4S363
10.083
330.078
338,307
18^160
190,663
104,014
169,109
107,484
187.000
1,028
87,634
81,068
37326
16389
OoUhi
3.009384
82,467
17,147
378,410
100346
141,780
198,081
160,809
160,76!
164,794
123376
1.188
79399
66,007
U309
38376
1907-00 1008-09
DolUn.
3,008308
24318
10307
264336
179308
139340
179J87
178,673
144,31«
137,980
117,498
1,114
102371
78,768
K060
38308
DoUan
3,498370 3340;401
44,889
16390
3?8,4]3
178,980
107.868
183300
89,00?
188.998
184,873
108,008
911
47.048
66313
89,746
81,400
190«.lO
DoUan
48.107
38,188
306340
331,847
161,408
109387
09,104
108,604
167374
133360
070
114380
63,697
36391
88,190
«-»«• fc« C«»d. of .bove .rtlcl., darin, tk, --
Coal
Lnthur ud Irtithon^
t«y GiMds
Cotton Eabrioa
HanJware
Smallirares
Hanip Tarn ...
Keadjmade aothinit "
Tweeds .. ">
Wmren'. Drau Goodii'
»**«i7andLocoi„H,e.
Prait ...
Sfatkntary
Si!
i
ill
w
■ if »'
K 't '*'■
The QanM Lbws of Newfoundland.
Caribou or Deer.
Bio. 8.~No panon •bmll bant, kill or pnnae with' intent to kill, tnj
mooM or elk within this Col ny, at any time beton the Ut day oi
January, 1013. Hazimam penalty 1300 or thne montha' impriionment.
A. — Ho peraon shall hunt, kill or puratte with intent to kill, any caribou
from the 1st day of February to the 81st day of July in any year, both
days inolasive, or from the 1st day of October to the 30th day of October
in any year, both days iu.:lusive.
_ 7 — No person other than a licensee under this Act shall, during the
time by this Act allowed for killing caribou, kill or take more than two
stag and one doe caribou in any one year.
10.— No person not actually domiciled in this Colony shltll hunt, kill or
pursue with intent to kill, in any season any caribou without having first
procured a license for the season, nor shsU more than one license be
granted in any one year to any one person.
11.— Such licenses to hunt caribou shall only be issued by a Stipendiary
Uagiateate, a Justice of the Peace, or the Department of Marine and
Fisheries. A fee of 91 for each license shall be paid to the person issuing
same.
11.— Any person not domiciled in this Colony shall be entitled to hunt,
kill and pursue with intent to kUl, caribou on taking out a license, tor
which a fee of MO shall be paid, and such license shall entitle the holder
thereof to kill not more than three stag caribou. Licenses may be
ilned to Officers of His Majesty's Ships of War employed on this station
lor the Fisheriee Protection without payment of any fee upon application
to the Minister of Marine and Fisheries.
14.— Licenses shall be issued to all guides by any of the persons named
in Section 11, but the f>is of (1 in the said section mentioned shall not be
charged. Every non.domiciIed guide shall pay for such license a fee of
MO. Every applicant for such license shall make oath or affirmation
that he will use his best endeavours to have the provisions of this Act
carried out, and that whenever any breach thereof may occur he shall
forthwith report the same to the nearest Magistmte, Justice of the Peace
or Warden, with a view of prosecuting the offender to conviction.
15— No person holding a licensA to hunt, kill or pursue caribou
shall employ as a guide, valet, or i 'rsonal servant, laborer or bearer
in a hunting expedition any person ho has not obtained a license
under the next preceding section.
16.— Any person obtaining a license to hunt, kill or pursue caribou
shaU make oath or affirmation before the person granting the said license
that he will not viotate or permit the violation of any portion of this
mem ther«,n in writing undsr oth nT.w J^ "" """ "■'"■ » ttat.-
coupled .nd ,„f„™a bytt..eiL^ '.' ""■ """"■■. 'Dd m.y bi
«.. o«.nc. «ri ,h, „J„^, ;^«T;^°' own.„hip balw«„ ,fc. a.,r„,
».^«~,t°i.^l:.'^ *f^ »'"»-" "> bant, kut or p„r.„e cribo.
"bwh he intend, to export ^dth.^^' ''*=''^"'« "» "«=!«
Wlrf under iio.n« h.M W Wm .„V L^"' "" """'"""o' =«iS™
from „bom ho obtained the LiH^' *"'"« ""' "•"= »' the Pe«on
'be .rticle, .boot .otl e^^'™""' "^.''''J-" '--eof, .nd'^S
Cnstom. before whom each oirorr T ^'' °™'' "o "■» o«Mr of
".i. A.UbS'CS tJLTory^b"-'' '"' °' "■■""= '"■^" ->^"
more a™ tbree.tiig o«ibo„ ^ "arwuMs, bo^,, or »„,|er. of
baf;;:^fSourint°/cU:rmr ''""'•'"' "»-""-■»».
■tan. of o^ibou upon entering h,™^"''°" "" '"'""■ "••"» ■>■•
Hon* in the ColoSj, and r,^,,"!, ° '" ,«P<>"«ioo M a Custom.
parmit A.11 „oi be i.^.id'^il'''* " 'P*""" P«™il ">cr.for. Sn-h
appucation for a permit .s m«I., .^tiug ,4,
i
I
if
'I
I'll
^
— "**««»■« ot Dm utialw Is Im aipoiM, UtdTlMUBatloa, nd
lb* pcnon from whom and pIam wh«r* obtained, aod Uiat tb* mmo «n
■olbaiaii nportod u u nrtiolo of oommwoo. Such KlBdavit ihtU bt
tnumittod by the officer of Cnitomi to the Ueowtment of Mnria* wd
Fiiheriee.
34.— Any penon who ehell pat np the flteh of cuibon in mm or tiu
or other pukagee ■bell be liable to a penalty not exceeding two hundred
dollars, or, in detaalt thereof, to impriwnment for any period not
aoeeding three monthi.
^•~^y fleih of cariboo fonnd put np in oani, tini or other penfcejee
may be eeized, and may be deitroyed by the order of a Jnitioe of the
Peace.
M.— It ifaaU not be lawfnl for any pemn to pmrohaM, or to receive in
exchange, from any other person, any Veniien or any portion of the
fleeb of caribou, at any time between the first day of Jannary and the
thirty-first day of July in any year, and any person offending a^uast the
provisions of this aecliou shaU be lUUe to a penalty not exceeding two
hundred dollars, or, in default, to imprisonment for any period not
exceeding three months.
27.— If any Customs officer is informed or becomes aware that any
antlers, heads or skins of caribou an being exported except by a person
who has complisd with the provisions of this Act in all respects, it shall
be the duty of such offlcer to seise the said antiers, heads or skins, or any
portion thereof, and to make complaint before a Stipendiary Uagistrata
or Justice of the Peace that a violation of tbu Act has been committed.
48-29.— AU persons are prohibited from setting any snare, trap or pit
for the destruction or capturo of, or killing or pursuing with intent to Ull
any oanhon. «■ ~"
(o) With dogs ; or
m With hatchet, tomahawk, spear, machine, contrivance or
weapon, other than firearms loaded with ball or bullet j or
(e) WhUe swimming or crossing any pond, lake, stnam, river or
watercourse.
No person is allowed to hunt or kill caribou within the areaas henaftel
described, that is to say :— — -m^ioi
Commenoing one and abalf milel south of Grand Lake Station, on
the shores of the lake, to a point at the same distance from the railway
at Howley; thence to Oooee Brook, one imd a.half miles from the
railway Une; thence east to the railway line near Kitty's Brook Falls-
thmc. northwardly six and a-half mile. ; thence to a point at Jnuction
Brook, three miles north of Giand Lake Station ; and thence south-
wardly along the course of the brook and shore of the lake to the place
of commeucement. *^
All lines and penalties under this Act shall be sued for and recovered
IB a summary manner on information or complaint before a Justice of
■MFMMbyur
•M-h>tt of >ll «.
Bird, ud WUd R.bblt or Hare
-f «h. a»b a.,.f SopCb^X^^aL' "'" ^ "' ■""»'«
"y y«». ^ »«pi«ib.r ud tb. i,,h a,, of nwrobw "
. t-«if, of «« doib» ««^TS^;r^^°" " '"''^- ■»*«
No petMn tbau bnii», olo i^ _»j. ,. .
of not \«u Uu« moo n« mSSTuM »•"'■ ""• ""''" » «•»»•»»
.^.'^^rr.srL^^a.Trsi^'' - =«. ^.w« .b.
P".liy of not 1.U tbw IkZ^I^ ^f ■■' "■ "» J"" >«>*' •
n« «o«dtog tbro. ^ti. "^ ""' """^ »«». <" in.pri«nn«|
d.fknll of p»,inMi» to 1- • °' •Mwding forty dolta, ud in
known to frwoont ^111- ? '^ °' October, where such nm. i.
on. month "^^ °'' •" "»?"•<»>»•■" 'or . period n.l ioJSJl
« «.. ^ or «y.«st„ns''.b7cSr.'::?t;^frr«:-
I
m I
If,
lir!
or»ro«l«,».k.. J.^ , •f,?"?''^''' "'"•'»l«.»iia •v«ry«taon
• "*• «"^«o.. on which th. .^d lioB« 1. gr„toi .h.U b. ._
z^r^i^l^'X^ztz.t' ins l-^""^"'^^
»«n dollm u . fl, f" ZjiT^ ,^ iinttoniKd Agont the •lun of
Fire Patrol Rceulations.
Ckwd or pn».t« owner, uodtr le.M from th. Crown *^ " ™
Oo« Jmlr "" ""'" ""'" "°«" "" "" '•"» "P"" "— . tt»
l.li'.Mhrclnr"'"'" °' " °""" '" '"• •■"""■""" »' "■•«"•
■•ri.^".'*' "'"•'.*'" '"""'""g -otic i, coo,pioaou»l, din,l.,.d -
Th. GoYoramont of NewfooadlMd b.ving lMa«! to th. An.l^
K.wfoundU.d D„e,opn.„t Con.p«.y «r.«, „T1ind ,,L ^
Otter.. BMve™ .„d PoKts.
>«w between the «nt aire*' If^', ""i T"^ " *»«"> My otter o,
"•tie to > pen»|iy fcr a J-T!*" "" "" "option oj tbe I., ,h»u1;
•»"*»" "'•violTu^^'S^^ "* • '"'« "WU be M»l .(id,
No penon ehaU hnnt foue h«. w ..
Trout and Salmon.
"o penoa duU cktch kai ~».
N.wfon„dl«.dby„y„,b,;3f.;^^^POnd, lek. or „,^ (^
No p.r«,n ,UU by .«.«„ '^ ' ''""' "« "°=-
«tae, tek. or .ttempt^o ST^* !;;r£l°« " •"■"irs wth „y net „r
enter, there d,a„ be paVt^ri^:"!^'""" "f" '»-' ".v. been b^in t
'eel ,0 width, Mteble of »E' ^'■™'^ °' ^'''-^'Uor not 1^, ,h„ ,„„
I
I
•I
I
.'
'.f
,'• 1
I'i
U» ■««■ of tiM Ai^to-NtwAmiidlud DanlanMat OomMU-
oiTlil^.'J^'* ••«««» "1« « tiiilw.y horn ai»4 WU I.
<I^ Topalli (Bammlt), iaoliain-it will U nwMMry lo am lO*
•«»•«<>« •nwif.d with lb» Ck)«niiii.»l, U«l •• Ey«t toBftal or B»rt» o»
.» tb. «.»! «„, ,!,„ „,rtiig OB tb. Uaii o« Ui, !.« O^iy."
Cuctorai Rcsulatlont.
-■!i!*S '^i'™' A»«l«i *ad gportamra urlvin( in tliii Colony hrin<
rj™.!i5". ''»~r> B^y"'". A°8l""l Ontato, Troatog 0«,, Pi^
•rBa»iriAn.niimilion.T«ita, Cud, ud Impl.nwnU.thoy •luU bo
A dofo^l equal to Um doty ■hall b« takon on inoh artlolaa ao Camana
ti!2.^jilv ' "T*""* •» ">• 'o™ ••t~*«d ahall b. givMi lor tho
*20dlMdu..parUonlar.ollh.ar«icl.irtaIlb. noted in the rK>aipt m
j2^w^^ °?^ 'V"^ ^'"^ •» ""• *»^'«« Clleotor,^
l^^^y^. ^'- ■"*"■• *• """' "»• » "-" ^ •"• «• "»
«rt«». and npon .to corrootaee, being awertained the refuid may b.
WUU admitted Ire. «rf no depotit lor a rrfund may b. Uk.n 01x4 noh
BUSINESS DICTIONARY.
MPS
«*««< or urmenl lime. '"*
««>wili».-The owner or iiiirn In
;»;m^; ,;--•«>..... for
"»r& or h.'?"n,";*'n"'» '<>•
*tes.7r5„-ffi-s;iroa.'sj
*?!Sin,''fr5r:j;r"'j"e"'j!:».
"■iioic. •iicn M llghiiii
cene,. e.rlliqiin„.Vic, ' -
*!'iSffi;r,ffis;,;,'Mi»..„r,„r
*;;'I7"'--Tlie act Of making
613
•t. !
i
:ki
MICIOCOPY MSOlUTKm TCST CHART
(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
mmik^
A APPUEa l^y^43E in.
^
1651 East Main S<r*Bl
Rocfiesler. Ufm fori. U609 USA
(716) *82 -O3O0 - Phofie
(716) 2Se- 5969 -Fa>
BUSINESS DICTIONARY
AppralM.— To sot a value on goods
or iiroperty.
Appurteiuincc.^AclJunct or apiiciid-
it);eIo pro|>eTly.
Arbitration.— The investigation and
decision of a cause or matter be-
tween |iariit;i« In controversy, by
chosvn iiertioiis.
AfMtntion ot Exchanse -The dc-
diicilon of u pro|ioriional or arbi-
trati'd rate of exchtinKe Iwlweon
two )ilaces. through aii Intermedi-
ate |ilacc, to u->cortahi the most ad-
vantageoiis method of drawints or
remit ling.
Arrear.— That which remains un-
paid, though due.
Articles ol Copartnenhlp. — The
written agreement by whichkco-
partncrsliip lu formed.
Aiiay.-To subject anore tochcmt-
calexamlnatlon toll nd the amount
of any metal contained in it.
Aaacst.— To fix a certa.n value for
the purpose of taxation.
Aaieta.^Pronerty available for the
payment or debts: also the entire
pro|iertyof an individual or com-
pany.
AMlgnw.— The person to whom the
rafllnK debtor traiiKfent all ills re-
mainintc pfoperty for ttie purpose
of having it dlsiribmed among hi:i
creditors; one to wlioni anythlni;
Is assigned.
AMlKnmMit.—A transferof a falling
debtor of his iiroperty lo an as-
Klgnee: a transfer by one personio
another o( any property, personal
or rval.
Auignor.— One who assigns prop-
erty.
AtfoclatlDfi.— The union of a niim-
t>er of persons for some 8]>eclal
purpose.
Att«chmcnt.-A seizure by virtuoof
a legal process-
Attorney (Poweroli— A wriuenau-
thorlty from one person empower-
ing another to net for him.
Auctioneer.— One who sells goods at
public sule.
Auditor.— A person appointed to ex-
amine and settle accounts.
Avails, rrollls of property disposed
of: proceeds of goods sold.
Average.— A proportional share of a
Ken^ral loss; also a mean time of
payment for several debts due at
different times.
A volrdupolf.— Commercial staiidnid
of weight in the United States and
England.
Award.— Decision of arbitrators.
Ball.-The security ttiven for releas-
in«a person from eustodj .
BallM.-Tlie person to whom goods
areUitrnsied.
Balltncnt.-A delivery of goods in
iriist ii|K)n a contract that the trust
shall lie faithfully executed on the
part of the lutlec.
Bailor.—Oiio who Intrusts goods to
another.
Balance.— The excess on one side,
orvvhataddud to the other mattes
ciiimliiy In the accunnt.
Balance Sheet.- A statement In con-
densed form showing the condi-
tion and progress of business.
Ballast.-Auy henvy maicrtui placed
in the holdof a ship tobtca^ly It la
the water.
Banco.— A commercial term used in
Hamburg; to dUtlngulsh bault
' money from common currency.
Bank Bill.— A writicn promise to pay
to the lieaier on demand a ceriaiii
sum of muncy. issued by a bank
and used as money.
Banking.— The business ot a banker,
ot [leriainln); to a bank.
Bank Note.—Sumc as bank bill.
Bankrupt.— An Insolvent; one v^hois
nnuule to pay tils debts.
Bankruptcy.— The condition of one
who is unable to pay his debts as
tlicy fall tine.
Bank Stock. -Shares In the capital
stuck of a bank.
Barratry.— Any breach of duty com-
muted by tlic master of a vessel or
llie seumeii, without tho cou'.ent
of the owner, by reason of wliicli
the ship or cargo is Injured
Barque.- A three masted vessel car-
rying nosquarc sails on her mUzen
mast.
Barter.— To trade by exchange of
eoods. til distinction from trading
y the nse of money.
Bazaar.— A word of Kastern iisage^
Klgnifyln;; a place of cxchantje, or
general market place; a repository
of fancy articles, especially of
dress.
BeacoD.— A signal light for the i;iiid-
ancoof mariners; naiiaily erected
and sustained by the Uovernmrnl .
Beneficiary.— In life insurance, iho
iierson to wliom a policy is made
layablc; tho iwrson for whose
jencfit another holds Ihc.Jcual
title to real cslatc.
Beyond Seat.- Denotes absence from
liie country, and generally held to
moan al»encc from tlio particular.
.Slate.
Didder.— One who bids or olTers a
price.
paj
bei
514
■ If
in
BUSINESS DICTioNAnv
-SMa contract. " '"""' ""'H
cases. nisTelr, I'o fMmS""' '" °>°™
promise oriro,?.^^" " *""cii
*»y-BId(ler._ I n.r .;„
ajcllon,. In ord„ ?,5'"I''L'''''I al
lyaroriTOSuoE",™'''""' made
ernment. " "*^ "s own goi-
C«Wl.l.-Ti„^ „5,, „,
"ly. a, a wlm'rc '■'
!.nW.osed to hai i- Ikt,, .
m"a";„^r"°';-7,\ '■'"" r.l,rn.,.
ware." an-l qV,, ' ""ft'liascr !«..
«hith the thill- .,,,1,1 I'J^ I'a^e in
tank or tanker >„""""' "y a
certain su,n"of„V, ".'",?, I","' »
^'°nTora^STo1>"„ °'""^"'"'
aceruins toTh,."""""""" """
Ballon. »" ''Sfcement or oni-
'ffiS?f,;„^"„?"3°»,«"ce made by
SSHH^iH^sEjii?
or his |.rin;i|;ai ■ """S'lenamo
prices. "8n""s lo pmi jo^.„
certain sum or •„,"'",;, '"a' a
■IcposUcd Ihcre, E a ,V i' '"'"
.'si."hK;°'"'i"-"*'Vr''^-
^™by?l*'Sf-'„«rl,l,ca.„
corporailoKhS °"',|??^?" <" a
Mr».,n owns ™ "nafn n .iY'"""
„ shares oniie ,-i,,„ ,^ ,„"""'^r of
Cenl(lc,u„n^,;,-!,J >'«!;• .
the check, s m , 'mj,":;,f^'« "<
0,112. ^ """"I"
bnancellor,— The cht^f i..j
couriorchanee,'^ ?'??'""''
Charter Party, -Thp
selletsit.oraiiitrti
■aJe or peril. II, I
Which Is tl, I,,.,,,,,,,
(ain thin? In,,).,,,
money. ^
■^ I'iiimeiuof
S15
11
m
lis n
m
Si:
BUSINESS DICTIONABT
Chcck.-A wrhten order for money
""■ *n upon a bank or banker, and
liayablc Immcdiaiely.
ChoMt-ln Actlon.-Thlngs of which
the owner ha-, not i»os>«sslon, but
merely the aci of icjtal action or
possession, a-, noits, accoiinls. etc.'
ChoMi in Pos^eMloo.-Thl^l<^ In
iiossesMon It tlio owner: circulat-
ing mediiim-ca>h and bank notes
payable on demand; the medium
of exLhanKC.
Civil L«w.-Thc syMem of law of
ancleni Uomc.
Civil Remedy.-Thc method of, re.
dressing an Injury Intllcied by one
|ter«on upon another by leiial
measures.
Ckirance.— rermlsslon from a cu«i-
tom house offlcer for a ship to sail.
Ckflrlng Hou*e.~A kind of banking
cxehansc for the convchlcnce of
dally settlements between tanki.
Cltrk«IError.~An error In calculat-
ing or other acclucitlftl error on
books or documents.
Collateral.' Property iilidRCd as se-
curity for t'le perrormance of a
comract.
Commerce. -The exchanse of mer-
chandise on alofKesoHlc.
Commercial Papcr.—Ulttii of ex-
chnnt^e. drafts or )>romlssory notes
Kivenin the course of trade.
Common Carrlcr.--One who. as a
bublncss, iindertakcf (or hire to
transport from place to place pas-
sengers or Koodsofallivho choose
toem|)loy nim.
CoHtlnK.»Sallin(; near land, or ves-
sels trading between parts of the
same country.
Codlclt."A supplement to a will.
Common Law,— The unwritten law.
as distinguished from wrlitcn or
statute law; the old law of Eng-
land, that derives Its force from
long usage and custom.
CommlMion."The brokerage or al-
lowance mado to an agent or
factor fur doing business foi an-
other.
Competency.— The legal fltnesa of a
wltnesH to give evidence on tho
trial of an action.
Composition Deed. -An agreement
between an Insolvent debtor and
bis creditors by which, unon pay-
ment tu each of some fixed propor-
tion of his claim, they ull agree to
release the debtor from tbe bulance
of their claims.
Compromlte.— An agreement be-
tween a debtoi and Ills creditors
by which they agree to accept a
certain proportloq of the amounts
due, and discbarge him from the
remainder.
Concurrent.— F.xlstlng together: a
cnnsideratlon is concurrent when
lliv acts of the parties are to be
performed at the ^ame time.
Condition Precedent.— An act which
must l>e performed by one pcrton
before another Is liable, or In order
iQ niitke him lloble.
Cooperage.- Charges for putting
hoops on casks or bales.
ConslderathHi.— The reason for In-
ducement In k contract upon
which the parties C(;a>ent to be
l>ound.
ConslKnee.-One to whom merchan-
dise, given ton carrier by another
person for transportation, is di-
rected.
Consignor.— One whoglves mcrchan
disc loacarrler for tran^iwriaiion
to another.
Compactt A covenant or contract
between dllTcrent parties.
Company.- A numfwr joined to-
gether to undertake some common
enterprise.
CompouiKl.-To adjust by asrecment
dirterenilyfromiheorlglnalttims..
to settle by compromise.
Compromise.- A friendly settlament
of dilTercnceii by mutual conces-
sions.
Consignment.— The act of conslsn-
ing. as charge for safe-keeping,
and management, as goods, i>roiier-
ty.ctc. '
Consul. A tter^on commissioned to
reside In a foreign country as an
agent of the Government.
Contraband.— Prohibited merchan-
dise or trattlc.
Contract.— To mako an agreemenli
to covenant.
Conveyance,— The act of carrying by
land or waier; the mcantof cDii-
veyance; a written insimmont by
which an estate In lands K tranx-
ferred from one to another.
Copartnership.— A Joint Interest In
business.
Corporation.- An artificial |>ersnn
created by law. consistlug of one
or mure natural |>ersons, united In
one body, and endowed with ihu
capacity of tierpetual succession,
andof acting In certain resiMjctsai
a natural person.
Counter-claim.- Same as set-o^; ono
debtoi claim to set otf anoiner
Counterfeit. -To copy or imitate
without authority, with a view to
defraud: aXorgery.
Countersign.— To sign in addition to
the name of a superior thatofllio
secretary or subordinate ottlcer.as
bank noteaare signed by the presl-
pent and countersigned by tho
cashier.
516
BUSINIM OICTIONART
entered '"°" ["Jmem la
'd^i"-""' ■■> "hom. money I.
^ •l'esldew„lk*„'rV.™n? "'" °"
15!^r^K«l,':>"'t»d,s.
for mnnBi:.„Il.'-","7'"''t'»afcotint
"^u I'l liiin,
!SrF--'^-'en';SSI
■^e'cXeTo^ro?',!'"?," /l™ by
HHssr
■^tere?;re/s^.--r
"sually re.le,,MS"'" """'"')•.
O.«|».l..-Ou,i„|<,„.„eg|ec, o, rail.
SSS:'.'I!l:,reV„i:'"''''-"'^.nc.,.
"S'.a-eJ''-"* ■".«"..* or ,ood.
will, '"^'-'o WTiicatliby
^^WffiJ."""-"™ ">' dclcn.
«"~'"-'s.°i',a--
■uniiico' ■ ., , "*** "' marine In-
wlibSutne'cesX"?'"',.*"""""'
COUOB Qtine,l!^?J" llierexMlar
"."nuSSf,,!""' '»"""•"). Iilng
ness. bulibaresprollt.
517
■1)1
HI
^irnl
m
ill
BL'SINKSS DICTIONARY
Drawback.— Mnnov paid back on
Kood8cxpnrt)<(l. a|>artorllic wholti
of (he duty charged.
Dralt— An onlpr from one man to
anotbcrdlrcciln^' tlie imymcrit of
money.aljlllofcxcbantto.
Drawee.— The iicrson iipon whom a
bill uf exclian^'c U drawn, who is
directed to make the iiaymenl.
Drawer.— The person who umws or
muhusa Itlll ot exchange.
DrcM Oood*.-A tcrmapplicd to falj-
riC9 for the i^armcntti of wiimcn
mid cblldrGii, iiKiially of mixcu
materials, such us silk and culton.
Kllk and worsted, etc.
Due Blll.-A written ai-knnwiod;;'
ment of ncht: not transferable liy
mere Indorsement.
Dun.— To press urgently tlit pay-
tuetit of a debt,
:>upllcate.~A copy or counterpart of
unylliint;.
Durcst. Personal restraint, or fear
jf l>erional Injury ttr of Imprison-
ment; It niilllllcs all contracts liilo
which Itcntcrii,
Dutlcff.— A lax levied by the Govern-
ment on imported good'*: money
paid in the UovommGnt on Im-
ported and ex|)orted yoods.
Earnest.— Something given by the
buyer to Itie seller, to bind tbc
bargi.ln and prove the sale.
Eatcment.— The right to use nn-
other'i land.
Effects.— All kinds of personal prop-
erty.
Ell. -An English measure' of length
equal to lUy^rds; the Scotch elt
IB I 3-lfH) yards.
Embargo.— A detention of vessels in
port; pruhibitlon fromsalUii^
Embarrassment.— Perplexity arlsins
from Insolvency or temporary in-
ability to discharge debts.
Embassy. -The pulallc biislncNS in-
trusted to diplomatic oHlcers.
Enact.— To make a law or cstablinli
by law.
Engrosser.- One who bnvs larj;o
ciuantltles of any goods In order to
control the market.
Embenlement.— Toaiipropnatniiuii-
iicmoneytoprivaie use by a broach
of trust.
Emporium.— A place of Gxlcnsive
commerce, a market place.
Emblements.- Urowlng crops of any
kind produced by expense or labor.
Eminent Domain.— The ri^ht of sov-
ereign ^Kiwer 10 tiiku private prop-
erty tor public purposes.
Equity vi Redenptkm.— The rlffhl
whicha mortKagor has to redeem
his estate after tbe mortgage has
cumo due.
Endorse.— To endorse a note by
writinK the name dti the back.
Entrepot.- A boiided warehouse; A
storehouse for the deposit of
uoods; a free port.
Equity. -A system Hupplcmcntal to
Inw. ipiulifyin!; or correcting It In
exirc'Uie cases.
Escrow.-- A deed or bond delivered
<)V a third party to bo held or do*
llvered [otheKuaraiuee orcrcdllur
upon iheperformanceof Bomocoo-
dJtIoii.
Estate.- The degree, nnantlty, na-
liire. or extent of Interest which a
person has in real property.
Estoppel.— A stop, a bar to one's aN
teKing or denylngafact contrary
to his own previous actions, alle*
nation or denial.
Eachanse.— Act of bartering: a bill
drawn for money: a place where
merchiLnts meet: dinercnco be-
tween the value In two places, or
premium or discount arising from
purchase or sa'.e of goods.
Executed (of a cohtract}.— Finished.
Exclsc.-Taxes or duties on articles
r>roduced and consumed at homo:
niernal revenue tax.
Executlon.^A written command ts-
cued to a sherltr or constable after
u JuOtim^nt directing him 10 en-
force it; the act of signing qnd
sealing n legal Instrument, or giv-
ing n the form rcriulred to make R
a\aMua..-t.
ExecMtor.-'The person ai^pdlnted Vj
a (o^tator to execute his will.
Executor- .—To be executed In th*
fjiure.
Exports.— That which Is carried .out
of acuiintry,asgood!»and produce
in tratnc.
Exprcss.—Acourler: also regular and
quick conveyance for iiaekages, oto.
Face.— The amount expressed on a
note or draft.
Factor.— All agent who sells and bnyr.
In his own name, being eniruiied
with the goods. In thiii, respect dif-
fering from a broker.
Facture.— An Invoice or bill of par-
cels.
Fallure.-Bccoming bankrupt, sus-
pension of payment.
Fac-slmlle.-An exact copy or like-
ness.
Favor.— A note or draft Is said to bo
In I'avoro' the payee.
Fee Simple.— FuUowneniblp lu landi
BUSINESS DICnONARlf
Sio?,hin°'.° °' ""^ wwch iJ ,°
Ilccio clicat or deceive an ",Scf
ml diM'S""""" '"""'re""' Hll:
FrfiRht.-Mcrchaiidiso belni! tnovfrt
0«lfl.-\,|v.l„,;, j^,
|*ke^,^o.e, ,„a ,a,, ,„;,i"l,;;:
■^ ontrllKjihjH
Oeneral Average..
niH.le J
I lit) I
"HlcarKoiotv ui.i,„ss„ .„,, ,
''>■ Ollf uf (JlPi- „ ,,.r I^',"*''''
ieSKl's;;.",:-"-"'"'--! '";>',;:
ao«iwi„i™h;;,K'K, ;:',''«'|;■',i•■
5'SS!H:;;;;^r,;r^;ts''
on>"---'''»«l'e dozen
naberduher.— A Miirr of Em.r
U a rati ...- .u ■ "" ■ OI Sni'li
wares, as thread, pmv. clc.
Hand-money. -Mntiry pnid ,i,» ,,.,.
Harbor.-A portorhnviri rorshir.«
"rXT'"'°"°' •'■'"»"»' •'"!":.
'"8''S«a».-Tlic unmcliKed »«ier<
"iinycSr?"'''''-'"''''"''"''"'"
Hollow Ware. -A i,,,,,,. ,„ ,
34
!■
f^ ^
'
i:)
'ill
ill'
jrt
fiU 'NKSH DICTIONARY
nwiwBwgr.— ATI nwnrr'H or «n
HKnit'i cutmululon for ktUindliifC
toasbl|).
HypottMcaU.— To pledge for the te
cuTlly or creditor.
Infant.— In Inw, one under the «i;c of
twenty-one yearn.
tmfwHte.—Wantliietn prudent man-
nKcmcnt: not politic.
Import.— To brlnii in from ft'T'ia'l '>r
a forulsn country.
Importer.— The merchant v.i-» lu"-
|>OTllt Koodti.
ImpMltion.-Tnx.loll.diityor c\ci-^v
pro8cribt.'d hyHUthorlij.
Impott.-A tMX or duly tm|M)i,p(l on
Imporleil good:i.
to ret ID I
Indenture.— A mutunl a!;recnicni In
writing.
IndorKmcnt.-A UTitint; on the biii-k
of a lunc.
IndorMf.— The oiio who makes tlic
Inilorseinenl.
Indorsee.— The i>cr>on,liiwIion? favor
the Inilorscnieut Is made.
ln)unctlon.-A» order or dircclion of
ihc court ci>ni]>elllns a euriuhi iter-
son to refrain from doing some par-
ticular act or Ihln^.
Indulgence — Kxlensjon of time of
pnymeui: forbcarlas to prus» tor
payment.
Inland Blllt.^A draft or bllNofcx-
cbantie drawn on a piirty In ihe
Hume as the drawer
icy.-
debts when di
Insurance.— Indemnity from lots; Iho
premium paid.
inetallntent.— ruymcnt of pftrts at
diflcreiil times.
Inlercst.-l'rcmlum paid for the use
of money.
Internal Revenue.— The part f the
revenue of our Government which
Is collected In the form of iDlcrnal
duties.
Intestate.— Without a will.
Invaltd.- Of no legal forcc-
Inventory.- A list of merchandise
mHdc periodically for the purjioso
of knowlr.B the (inantl.y and value
of unsold ROods, In order tonKCcr-
taiti the condition of biiiiine^s.
Investment.— The laylnfc out of
money In the purchase 01 domc
species of property.
Involce.-A written acconnt or bill
of merctUJidtsc bou.rht; a bill of
items.
Jettlsoii.— ThrowlnsKoodiovcrhoard
in case of i>eril, to lighten and pre-
•crvo the »hlp.
Joint Stock.-Siock held in company;
H H)>e('ic<t of partiiLTihlp
Joint Tenancy. - Joint occupancy:
TKil so close Intimacy a^i uartncr-
Klllp.
Journal. --A book used to classify
mill arrange business transactions.
Judgment.- The ^.enteiiccof the law
pi'unoiinced by tho court u|Min any
matter coiitiilTii;(l In the record, or
In any case triiid by itic court.
Judgment Dcbtuf. - I'nriy ak'ainsi
whom a Jud};ment l.s obtained
Judgment Note.— A note In the us-
ual form, with the addition x>f the
l>owcr to coiifciis Judgment If not
paid when due.
Jurisdiction.— The |>owGr of cxcrcls-
Int; Judicial auihurlly.
Kilogram.— The French measure "f
vvcj^hl, c(|ual to -JVi lbs. avordu
hoiB, or liHiU grains.
Kiting or Kite • lying.- Exchnniiln;;
L-heijk!>ou HifTcront banks, for tl)o
pur)K)su of obtainlni; the use of
money for a single day.
Lame Duck.— A stock broker*^ tonp
for one who falU to meet his cn-
(taF:emcnt!i.
Landlord.— One who owns and rents
or leases lands or houses; a hotel-
keeper.
Larceny.— Theft: taking personal
property belonging to another.
Law Merchant.— The general body
of usages In matters relative to
commerce.
Lay Days.— Days allowed for loading
and unloading a cargo.
Lay Down.— A phnise used to ex-
press the ent'rc cost of a comnioii.
Ity, including transportation. eh:
at a placo remote from its prodiii-
lion or prirchtise.
Lease.— A conlruci by which oi\r
grants to another for a period i hi'
use of certain real estate.
Legal Tender.— That kind of mon<'>
winch by law can beoflered In pny
luent of a debt.
Legacy.— A gift by will of personal
property.
Ledger.— A book In whlrh a summery
oraccoumB Is preserved.
Lessee.- Otic who take:* an estate by
a lease.
520
BUSINESS niCnONART
'^«.1frr'?af,'r?;-cA,iV"" •"""""•
, M"r,;rh<„K' °' ""™'»"'°n by
."•,r'* """' "'"° °" properly for
takes without comi.cnSi„„ !„ i^
;S,r,'* """'■■"' "f COM niirt silver
KnUSc"""""™ "' ll.e>emclaTs
""■,*^^"'""'""' ""'"■ " ""'-
«jWe„>oro„J'eo„,racr,',;?„
'™rJ?'a'Sf^;-s,"/".nd,™,„
<liumorar.ii]„,V, '""""llni! nc.
minor.-snnio a^ inf.n. -
iiml.Tiuinir„„,', :'y- " ''"'<"i
Ml«l«a««nc«.-Alt,- , . ,
profxTly an act ttji. n.V ,,'' '"i-
niMlemcanor.-A i,,..,.,_ ,,, _,
•■flriie; an u'cIliS «'"'"' "'
mciit. Pf-'uity or punish.
»pecie,ofBi„,i< '" ''"' "> «'iy
"l''n'?S'K;;"-'"^--reo„.,„.
"'■ for the Voilii?r, > '"» credit.
K^— •■oii",;i;;,i;',„i,,ts-ii
M^-njclptU-ot or ,«,„„,„„„ ,„ ,
""""-> ™"«.,c„'„J'"a'5,„„.
""^fl'S'T,!",'""""" kuslnc'si lo
iraie. """™"-"<= "■ toraain or
'^M^l^f^'-''""'- »"" and
liolif' '""°' '"I '"•"-" and dcdtic.
N« Prollt».-i it
ductintj losses
d's^'l&i'V'l'" <" ""chati.
~r,?„"!™,';'ai7,;i;: »'».»«'.■ .man.
o?,-,?l!??,'^-„;;,;°""^"™'"»hai
Note — A wrjllLii or inn ted nrmrr
r ijriifit after dc-
i
n
•■i.
li'i. I
m
III:::
lUSINKS.^ IHlTIONARY
NoUBoefc.-A txvil, invliirn nmci
o1 hniHl FHf Tfi'r>rii""d.
MoUrlsl Scal.-Sviil tt a noLiry )>iil>-
hi-
Nol«ry PhMIc. -A public omi-cr wlm
'ntli--l!. oi- r.-riitk-. lo nrkli"»l-
i-dKmtnlt or tli-nN rIkI otiitr
li'Mx't"' |'i«t«'>'i^ iiou-iaiiil hllh.
Nslional CurrciK]'. .Ntiiionul bditk
Nillonal D«iii«|n«.-Thon' nl^tn fur
I hi' -. lol.iimiiofHrlKhi Irom «l li
n.( aoiiul li>-.-.li!i« rt>iilU'»l.
(«iwnuwr. -Afailtiicio us(;rit;lit^. im
in'hilCoCs.
iiiirifM'cl.
Open Account. -A timmnit or tnwtt.
lied accDUtu with un iiidivnUial or
Hrm
Open Pollcy.--\n liiiiiritrui; |i.'li.y
covcilriK iindciiiii'd rl-l >, whuli
iti'oildes Mini n- term xhitll l>i>
ci>mo dcHnitc !•> siibsu.jiunl itd-
clUionsor IndorMiin-'ntB.
Oplloii.-I'erml>i.i'>ii n> choose; »
siockholders ttrm fnr tbf |*rlvi-
W-tce or taking < r d.llvt.rlni{ at ij
futiiie day a <irtiiiii number or
shares of a Kiviri hioci* ai a i>rice
aurt^cd upon. .
Oroer.— AC(lmmis^lon to imichasr;
dliittlon 10 [.aj muncy or to dc-
Ordcr Book-- A iK^ok in wlikb orders
received art I'ntircd,
Ofdln«ry.-A>hii> in harbor l« -aid
10 tw In ordinary; or innliiim
nnRllty.
Ordtnancc.-A rule, or order, or nw.
usually iippliod to itie acts or laws
[laswd by Ihc comman council of
a city. , .
Ordn«nce.-All kinds of large guns
OMttawed.— Adebiissald to he out
lawcd that has cxhicd for a certain
length of lime, after whleh the
law.onthatKrmind alone, iireveiii-.
lis bclnBcnfiireod.
OftCHBlble Partners. -T I lohc known
lotheinihlie, „ , , .
OuUtandinK Accounls.-UooU del>ls
noiyct colli'-u-.l. , , , ,,
OHtsUndIng Oebt».-l npald drUs.
Overdr«w.-ToiuH for morcmun.y
ihaii lionderos't ,^ . ,,
Overdr*ft.-A check paid above the
amount oti douoMt.
Oven'ue-Apnllcd 10 anoleor draft.
Iht, specified time for payment of
which has passtd.
Overt.— Apparent, manifest; open.
Owe.— To be obliged to pay.
Paflk.-A (Inaitnil rrUU iimonR
bit-in'-i'smen.amoiipiary prdtiiirv.
Itt'iierully lliv iC'>ull ut uvcrtradiiiij
anil Nineulal ion, , . ,
t>apcr MofMy.-Klll^ of hanks or of
iTio tiovcrnniciit iia-MlnK current
Pir.-Staic of cfiiinliiy In value.
e<|tiallty of nominal and tctuul
Parol. 'Oral declaration; word of
iiiDiith,
Par VsltM.-Tbe fare or nominal
Willie of a i:uiumciv:ia1 i>a|K.-r.
Par of exchanse.-'l'ho value of >i
null ol one toiiiiiry'K coinage *.x-
l>re»«ed In that of another's.
Partner.-An Q^so^>alC In biislneas.
menil>er of a partnership.
Pariwrshlp. -Contract of n*o or
nunc iierBons 10 Join money, stook
or okll) III trade for mutual U'netll.
Part Owner —On© of scvcimI owners
of a 'hip: the relation differs ma-
terially irom partnership
Pass Book.-Abook kept by ft cus-
lumer In whlchentrlesof purclia»e<
Is made; n bank book.
Passport.— A |>ormlsslon from a Got-
ernment to travel, tvlih Identltlca-
tlunandcertltloaleor nailoiiallly;
a document carried by nciii ral mwr-
chani vcflseU In time of war lor
Ihoir protection. ,
Pawnbroker.- One who nolds money
nt interest oA security or goods
ilepoHltcd.
Payable.-J iwtly dnr capable of pay.
ment.
Payer.— The person to whose order
a note, bill or draft Is to be paid.
Payer.-Ono who pays.
Penalty.— Forfeiture, or sur- to be
forfeited for noD-perforr ince of
an agreement.
Percent —By the hundn , ratca of
Interest. dUcouni, etc.
PcrcenUg«.-An allowa .0 reck-
oned by hiindrcdih paits, com-
mission. _^ ,
Per Coatra.—To thcoppobttc side of
an aeeount.
Permit.— Written ntithorlty lo rc-
movcdinlablo gooda.
Petty Cash Book. —Account of small
reiciptKutid expenses
Pledge.— A pawn, personal property
deposited as security.
Policy.-The written contract of In-
surance.
Port, -A harbor for vessels; a com-
mercial city.
Port of Entry. -A iwrt where a cub-
torn house Is cBtobllshed for Itie
entry of Imports.
'''d'S;;-£,T,"„';.';,",^,°""«'»idc,
»™*5»-P.rm „ro-;uou of .u
RaUflcatlon.
iriict ni«d« r,y it.
•lun. brit now Vri
other nmna% his (
RnlProptrty. Th.'i
imm.iviible; lan,
UertciPdorKflm
TOuni. l'"""I'l l"rjmt,„, ,11,.
"wSiml; „',';,'',"™l'"'«'»™t of
S°:''^rhJ,"d'!rs»|''',';;;;,"''''i;«
IlllWllon, or 1. « ni ,. .m' i' '"
Pmlmry Not«.-(SM Nole).
Uo""*'"* P™!"'""™! dl.ttlbo.
•^s'lTir.:-"" •""' '"ppi;" pro-
QuarantliM.-To prohibit • .i.i„
from inlercourso wlib ,hor^ wh,'j
IJOM, „a re. no, .,rli',f,%«K
^SroVil';;:.'?^"!,",""""
i'n°Jo;:?r!kir---'-ffl^^
SJ^UT-eTlIf.',^?,!''""""-™''-"'!"
ot p uSS'r'S""""™" '" '»»"«
"•orjKST„\'Sj;»""»^.(rom
''™rpr„°S!:f;««'™'»r'i>sus.o(
riil»ci,ureordeitnilon
RMOureM. - AvallaWe means: (u„a,.
"re?S""*' '■^""-A pledge ot t
"'mer*'"'"'-' ^°'"''' '" """" il"«n-
Retire.— To take up one's r- cbefor«
due;tor.lln„»i.hl„„?„,„"*'°™
Kelun».-Profli ol an inieslmcnt
Kevenue.- Income; return; annual
Income of e nation tor public use'.
I!
s' n
iH
■■ I -i
ii
n
I:
l-
m-SIM^S |VMTI«'\AHV
RcvMHM CutUrt.— Small vottcU lo
aid revcriiifoltlcrrt tn tliu cultoc*
tionof dutloMor 'J prsvviit ■rnuf*
RcvtrakM.-Rlfiht to ]>o««cM pro|ier-
ly ntlvT thB ))a|t|>i-ninK of rota*
i-vpnt, n>i the death oi k (wmon
Rtvvrl.-To fall w%in Into ihr |x)<t'
HGMlon of the duuur, or ol ibu (or*
Bir proprietor.
Sato.— TratKfer of property for »
confide rai Ion.
MvBf*.— A romnet\Hatlon to tho«a
who rcacuo a thlp or t cirgo from
5«lvor.-0ne who voliintitrlly utvui
a tthli> or a carifo from peril.
Sana R«Go«irM.— ^VUbout recourse:
komi-'tlmesatlded to tbe ln(lor»f-
mantof a note or bill to protuci
an lndor»er (rom liability.
Scrip — CtriincKto of tlock given be-
rurcreRlatratton.
••CM^arlly.— Api>lledtoan Indornor
of a note or drawer of a bill, sUnU
fyhig tbai h« \% only coadlitonutly
liable, or liable if tbe maker and
drawee fait.
Seaworthy.— Fit for a voyage and
chandleo taken a* a ipeclmen of
riiiallty.
SecNHtlae.— DocumenU iceurlng a
rlKht to property. .^ .
Sella.— To take iwsBCMlon of by vlr-
lueof a warrant or lettal amnorliy.
Selkr'a Op-.loa.-A term mostly con-
nncd to the lalo* of siocVs. for a
Hale wbtch rIym to tbe sellei the
option of delivering ibe urtlclo
sold within a certain time, the
buyer paying Interefl up to de-
Shlpncnt.— That wblch >«. shipped:
embarkation.
5et-otf.— A claim which one party
has against another who has a
claim ftfalDSt bim: a counter
claim. .
Shipper.-One who gives raerchan-
dlse to another for iransimriallon.
Bifht.— Time of presenting bill to
drawee.
Short.— To "sell short" Is to sell for
future delivery what one does not
possess, lo hopes thai prices" will
fall.
Shrinkage.— Reduction in bulk or
measurement,
Short BxcfawiM.— Bills of exchange
payable at sight or in a few days.
Sight Draft.— one payable at stifbl.
1. e.. when preheated.
SltiMtHra.— The name of a person
wTittt'n with his own hnnd. slitnt*
rylni{ his consent to tbe writing
fOyn\*- II.
Sltont IHrtiwf.-One who furnlthes
r;>,<it:ti. »iit takes 00 active part la
SlmpU lntereat.-Intot.Jsl 01. prlncl-
iiui alifftf: ni>tcomt>ouna
Sinking Pynd.-A fund set apart
from earnings or oiht- r Income, for
tbe redemption of debiit of uovern*
ment, or of a corporation.
Sleeptng Pwtuw.-One who shares
iheprorlts of a buslnesit wiuiout
letting his name appear, or taking
part In it actively.
Slop Shop.— A store where cheap
rvuity-madectothlnff Is sold.
SMiiggicr.— One who avoids the pay*
menl of duties by secretly traiwrt.
InK goods Into a country: a testel
enitaxed In ■.miigullng.
Solvency. -Ability to pay all debts
or]iisic!»lms.
Specially.'-A contract orobllgatioa
under seal.
SUI«Mnt.-t'«ually a list of iirop-
i-riy. or n-soiircos and liabilities.
Speculation.— A buslne-.s Investmonl
out of tbe ordinary run of trade,
SUMp Duty.— Law requiring iiamps
to be afflxcd to checks and proprie-
tary articles.
Solicitor.- An attorney or advocate:
the title of a perton admitted to
practice la tbe court of chancery
or equity.
Stqtie.— Principal commodity of a
country or district-
Sutlstfca.— A collection of facts ar*
ranited and classtrted. , . , ,
Statute.- A positive law, established
by actof lealslalure.
SUtute Law.— Knacimenti by the
legislature, written, as opposod to
commou or unwritten law.
StcrtlM.-Lawrul or standard money
of Ureal ilrltaln.
Stock.— Shares in the capital of a
corporation: gcxidson hand.
Stock Broker.- One who buys and
sells stock on commission.
Stock Exchange.- Place w here shares
of Hiockaru t>9Ught and i^old.
Stockholder.— Onu who holds fhares
oftitOC'ri.
Stock Jobber.— One who speculatei
In stocks.
Stipend. -Set tied pay or compensa-
1101) tor services
Stipulation. -A contract or bargain- .
Stoppage In Transitu.— The seller o1
goodii upon credtl resuming \>on
BosHlon after their shipment be*
fore tliev tjel into actual posses-
sion of the buyer.
524
'l!2!ir'"i"i,"'"l ''"'' '"' "Mitt
"."■Siri^XT'"' "~"«'"".t Of
EU*!S«— L'M;r««l«cJ arllclvt.
»~; '"•"l')u«ic«b,,|,,,ip,oe.
l|.n,o,.,,r,o i„c„ for", Si
J:?.V1R'C",',',;.'»-'"'»"S
fu/iice! '"' ■*""• ""'"in-
*"***';'!*'-"'•'«'" •"•' "'• !•
SSSblfui;'""' ""' "* '""""'«'«d
?SiiI'~l'!5"."' ""I'noi.xnrwMil.
m.jjUor .ooa, i„ ^M\jl„,\St.
^'tHi'^," •"""•"M for Ilia CI,
jTe'cSilK'."* '" "'■'"• S"""'
Tir(«.-.\ iin pf dutiM to h« Im*
po.rt on ,»,«. i„p<,„s <^, ;,';:
■^•"•'•-OBcer In > bank mo r,.
T.™;:*"i.'»" out money. '
""S'lril""** *''° l"'« <" "nt
^!I!Vi'.'-'j 'M'Mn.-l^rtoni hold.
hfJi'^S' "" ■> ••"■""I "nd JIB.
V?S« £''U"' '"P''"' "'""'•y or
T^nura.-Tbe mnnner of boldlnv
I'loiwrly In land) noioing
win'"'"''''" '*"°" '"'■'"»• '■''••
'^•/!!!f''''"'"--'»'l""ii»of woven
Kl- «'"""'" '"'"Cled 10 pl4S
'^«''n'*i'.'~,* '""'' remaining memo-
Tillii » O'O'fof ihi-ir maiiiniy *
f™ f?:jre'"„-r.iVk."'™" "" ■"»
!!::j,sr:|:-,:2;i-:- -....
^:tt! ?.*;;;;':,";■,',;';;;:; ■"•». hole.
^^S3e'*;..,^;,'-:M.nd,„,
,;o.|.in.m..„,„v,xricr/'„.°,[
l!?.!!f '"T" l"""™ rommcrclal
Tr.ii.lK"'Tj ',°'""'«' """e'" "
pro"Si7'° '""'"l "'•■''>■ '"It or
J-"n"cr"iix.;,r,ssfoov:
duc',% "»■■•"" '"«'•■ °"nS;
^'?.'S?;r/e°ib°',?Jt.o'p''r"""°'
wo?:;.T°r"o?£r„ir,'L!.'l,S.','".
"mriul"'"" ""'I"'' Of be.
"J^n'i'^n?'!?^"'-''""'' inoovern.
K v,°,r tl!""'' ""'""niedarter
Mi S^'''.'''"" ''«>e nol been
Ultt-MorUII.-LaKt nionln.
U~.umiil.-Noi currciil; not pan.
ing in common |,a)„„„. '"' ■""■
?*,!?"■"''- "" '■'■'°" "" ""«
''S;:i!"J^'-"')S" ln,„cr. io r.llpd
ifciZ •'•.''"'''''■"'"«' II! name lo
Ihe coii.lrilon of ihe policy.
Unieawortby.-I'nlii /or voyaee in
condition SrequlpiiJS;. '
525
■tt)
m
i '-ilii
ill
BXiSINKSS DICTIONARV
.n had condition; of
doubtful solvency.
Uiagcof Trwie -Custom, or the fre-
quent rei)etltlon of tbe aEioe act (ii
buslneas. ^, ^ ,
Usance.— Business oustom which is
generftUy coQceaeU and acted uiwn.
Usury.— KxoTbliani Inlere&t, for-
merly merely Intereiit
United SUtes Notet.-A written
promise to \my to I he tjearer. on
demand, a certain sum of money.
Issued bj the United States Govern-
■unt and u:>ed as money.
ValU.-Havtog lesat stren^h or
force.
Validity.— The quality of being good
In law.
ValiM.— Ratt^ of estimated worth:
amount obtamablelucxcbaDge tor
a thing. ^ ,
Value Rec«lved.-Plira« used in
notes or bills to exiiress a consid-
eration Indefinitely.
Valued Policy. -One which fixes the
value of proiierty insured.
Vend.-TToseli
Vendee.— The person to naom a
Iblnglssold.
Vender.— .\ Ruller.
Vcndue.-An auction sale.
Vcntur«.— A mercantile specula-
tion or investment. , ^, ^
VoM.— NulhUavlDg uo legal oi bloo*
utg [erce.
VeWaWe.-lIavlnB some force, but
capable ol being adjudged void.
Voucher.— A book, receipt, entry or
oiher document which establtshea
the truth of account).
W
Wages.— Hire, reward, salary.
Welver.— The act of waiving: of not
in-iisting on some right, claim or
prlvlleite.
Wares.- uoods, merchandise, com-
modilie*. „„„.
Warehouseman.— One who stores
Koods for pay. . .
Warrant.- A precept authorlxing an
otfieer to seize an offender nnd
brlnji him (o Justice; also to Insure
aualnst defects.
Warranty.— An nndertaklnff that
Koodsortitleareas represented.
WasUge.— Loss la handling; shrink-
Wasta.- Refuse material.
Wayblll.— A document contalninx a
list and description of Roods »eni
by a common carrier by land.
Wharfage.— Fee or duty for using a
Wharfiiiger.-The proprietor of a
Wreckage.— Merchandise from a
Wreck- Master .-A i»erson appointed
bv lAwtoiakecharseol goods. etc..
thrown ashore after a 8bli>wrM»-
fi9fi
^ U
'II
0
■ Si.
^ai
mh
'
11
1
^^^HTF .v|fndi(tt|
IH
iliii:"''ii
^1^ ll
il
1
Interest, 1 DAY.— Continued.
Rate.
5 1 6 7
8
9
10
51M
.69.9 I .83.8 .97,8
1.11.8
1.26,8
1.39.7
5200
S3M
9400
.71,2
.72,6
.74.0
.85.6
.W.l
.88,8
.99,7
1.01.6
1.03.6
1.14,0
1.16,2
1.18,4
1.28,2
1.30,7
1.33.2
1.42,5
1.46.2
1.47.9
99M
5M0
5700
.75.3
.78,7
.78.1
^T79,5^
.80,8
.82.2
.90,4
.92,1
.93.7
.96.3
.97,0
.98.6
1.06.6
1.07,4
1.09.3
1.11,2
1.13,2
1.16.1
1.20.6
1.22.7
1.24.9
1.86.6
1,38,1
1.40.5
'1743.0
1.46,5
1.47,9
1,60,7
1.63.4
1.66.2
990*
MOO
1.27,1
1.29.3
1.31,6
1.68.9
1.61.6
1.64.4
0100
0200
6300
.83.6
.84,9
.86.3
1.0O.3
1,01,9
1.03.6
1.17,0
1.18,9
1.20,8
1.33,7
1.35,9
1.38,1
1.60,4
1.62.9
1.66.3
1.67,1
1.69.9
1.72.6
MOO
tsoo
MOO
.87.7
.89,0
.90,4
1.06.2
1,06,8
1.08,5
1.22.7
1.24,7
1.28.6
1.40,3
1.42,6
1.44.7
1.67,8
1.60,3
1.62.7
1.75,3
1.78,1
1.80,8
«700
MOO
6M0
.91,8
.93,2
.94.6
.95,9
.97.3
.98,6
1.10,1
1.11,8
1.13.4
1.28,5
1.30,4
1.32.3
1.46,8
1.49.0
1.61,2
1.66,2
1.67,7
1.70.1
1.83.6
1.86,3
1.89,0
7000
7100
7200
1.16.1
1.16,7
1.18,4
1.34,2
1.36,2
1.38,1
1.63.4
1.65,6
1.67,8
1.72,6
1.76.1
1.77.6
1.91,8
1.94,5
1.97,3
7300
7400
7900
1.00,0
1.01,4
1.02,7
1.04.1
1.06,6
1.06,8
1.20,0
1.21,6
1.23,3
1.40,0
1.41,9
1.43.8
1.60,0
1.62,2
1,64.4
1.80,0
1.82.6
1.84.9
2.00,0
2.02.7
2.06.5
7M0
770O
7800
1.24.9
1.26.6
1.28,2
1.45.8
1.47,7
1.49.6
1.61,5
1.53.4
1.55,3
1.57,3
1.69,2
1.61.1
1.63.0
1.64.9
1.68.8
1.66.6
1.68,8
1.71.0
1.87,4
1.89,9
1.92.3
2.08.2
2.11.0
2.13.7
7900
80OO
8100
1.08,2
1.09,6
1.11.0
1.29.9
1.31.6
1.33,2
1.73,2
1.75,3
1.77.6
1.94,8
1.97.3
1.99,7
2.16,4
2.19,2
2.21,9
8200
8300
8400
1.12,3
1.13.7
1.16.1
1.34,8
1.3b.4
1..38,1
1.79.7
1.81,9
1.84,1
2.02.2
2.04,7
2.07,1
2.24.7
2.27.4
2.30,1
8S00
8M0
8700
1.16,4
1.17.8
1.19.2
1.39.7
1.41.4
1.43.0
1.86.3
1.88,5
1.90,7
-02X
1.96,1
1.97,3
2.09,6
2.12.1
2.14.5
2.32,9
2.35,6
2.38,4
8800
8900
9000
1.20,6
1.21,9
1.23.3
1.24,7
1.26,0
1.27.4
1.28,8
1.30.1
1.31.5
1.44,7
1.48.3
1.47.9
1.49,6
1.51,2
1.62.9
1.64,5
1.66,2
1.67.8
1.08.8
1.70.7
1,72.6
1.74,'6
1.76,4
1.78,4
2.17,0
2.19,5
2.21.9
2.41,1
2.43,8
2.46,6
910O
9200
9300
1.99,5
2.01,6
2.03,8
2.24,4
2.26,8
2.29.3
2.49,3
2.62.1
2.64,8
9400
9900
9«00
1.80,3
1,82.2
1.84.1
2.06,0
2.08,2
2.10,4
■ 2-.81,8
2.34,2
2.36,7
2.67.5
2.60,3
2.63.0
9700
9800
9900
1.32.9
1.34,2
1.36,6
1.59.6 1.86,0
1.81.1 1.87,9
1.62.7 1.89.9
2.12.6
2.14,8
2.17.0
2.39,2
2.41,6
2.44.1
2.65,8
2.68.6
2.71.2
lOOOO
i.sr.o
1.64,4
j 1.91.8
2.19,2
2.46,6
2.74.0
1.67,1
1.69,9
1.72,6
1.76,3
1.78,1
1.80,8
2.00,0
2.02,7
2.05,6
2.08.2
2.11,0
2.13,7
2.16,4
2.19,2
2.21,9
Rate.
Interest, 2 DAYS.
8
6
\-J^
.03,3
.06,6
.09,9
.13,2
.16,4
.19,7
.03,8
.07,7
.11,6
.16,3
.19,2
.23,0
10
; II.
I* ■
W
I'
Interest, 2 DAYS.— Continued.
6 7 I 8
JJ7,7 '
1.71,0
1,74.2
1.77.6
1.80,8
1.84.1
' 1.87.4
1.90.7
1.94,0
1.97,3
"2.11.0
2.14.8
2.18,6
2.ai;B
2.26,3
2.30.1
2.00,6
2.03,8
2.07,1
2.34,0
2.87,8
2.41.6
7000
7100
7200
7300
7400
7900
1.91,8
1,94,6
1.97,3
2.00,0
2.02.7
2.06,6
7U0
7700
7800
2.08,2
2.11,0 !
2.13 7 !
7M0
8000
8100
2.16,4
2.19.2
2.21,9
8200
8300
8400
8900
8«00
8700
2.24,7
2.27.4
2.30.1
2.32,9
2.36.6 :
2.38.4
8800
8900
0000
2.41,1
2.43,8
2.46,6
2.10,6
2.13,7
2.17.0
2,20,3
2.23,6
2.26.6
"2.30.1
2.33.4
2.36,7
2.40.0'
2.43,3
2.46.6
2.79,5
2.82,7
2.86.0
2.89,3
2.92.6
2.96.9
1^86^
1.99,6
2.03.3
2.07.1
2.11.0
2.14.8
2.18,6
■i.-a,6
2.26,3
2.30.1
2.34,0
2.87,8
2^M.6
2.46,6
2.49,3
2.63,2
2.57,0
2.60,8
2.0jl,7
2.88;5
2.72,3
2.76,2
2.80,0"
2,83,8
2,87,7
J.a,6
2:27,9
2.32.3
J.36,7
2.41.1
2.46,5
2.49,9
2.61,5
2.54,2
2.58,6
2.63,0
2,67,4
2.71,8
2.76,2
2.66,4
2,61,4
2.66^8
2^71,2
2,76,2
2.81.1
2.86,0
2.91,0
2.96,9
10
2.79,5
2.84.9
2.90.4
2.96.9
3.01,4
3,06,8
3.12,3
3.17.8
3.23,8
3.28.8
3.00,8
u.06,8
3.10.7
3.34,2
3.39,7
3,46,2
2.80,6
2.84.9
2.89.3
3.16,6
3.20,6
3.26,6
2.93,7
2.98,1
3.02,5
3.30,4
3.35,3
3.40,3
a. 06,8
3.11.2
3.16,6
3.46,2
3.50,1
3.66.1
3.20,0
3.24,4
3.28,8
3.60,0
3.64,9
3.69,9
8.60,7
3.56,2
8.61.6
8.67.1
3.72.6
3.78.1
8.88.6
3.89,0
8.94,5
4.00,0
4.09.5
4.11,0
2.91,0
2,96,3
2.99,2
9100
9200
9300
9400 I
9500
9000
9700 {
9800
J900 I
ioooo
2.49.3
2.62.1
J.5^,8_
2.67.5 ,
2.60,3
^63.0
2.65,8
2.68.6 {
2.71,2 I
2.74^6 I
2.99,2
3.02,6
3.05.8
aioo.o
3.12,3
3.16,6
3.18,9
3.22,2
3.26,5
3.28,8
3.03.0
3,06,8
3.10,7^
3.14,5
3.18,4
3.26,0
3.29.9
3.W,1
3.37;5
3.41,4
3.46.2
3.49,0
3.52,9
3.66.7
3.33,2
3.87,5
3.41,9
3.46.3
3.50,7
3,56,1
3.69,5
3.63,8
3.68,2
3.72,6
3,77,0
3.81,4
3.74,8
3.79,7
8.84.7
8.94,5
3,99.6
4.04,4
4.09,3
4.14,2
8.86,8
3.90.1
3.94.5
3.98.9
4.03,3
4.07,7
4.19,2
4.24,1
J.29^0^
4.34,0
4.38,9
4.48,8
4.48,8
4,63,7
4.68,6
4,16,4
4.21,9
4.27.4
3.60.5
3.64.4
3.68.2
4.12,1
4.16.4
4.20,8
3.72,1
3.75,9
_3.79.7_
3.83,6
4.25,2
4.29.6
4.34,0
4.38,4
4.63,6
4.68,6
4.73,4
4,32,9
4.38,4
4,43,8
4,49,3
4,54,8
4.60,3
4.65.8
4.71,2
4,76,7
4.82,2
4.87,7
4.93,2
4,98,6
5.04,1
5.09,6
6.15,1
5.20,5
6.26.0
4.78,4 :
4.83,3 i
4.88,2 1
"4.93,2 i
6.31,5
5.37,0
5.42,5_
5.47.9
i
Interest
,3 DA
7
2.93,4
VS.— Continued.
KM*.
5 1
2.00,6 :
'■1
2,61.5 '
8
9
10
MM
8.35,8
8.77,8
4.19,2
IttM
2T3.7~|
2.56,4 ,
2.99.2
3.41,9
8.84,7
4.27,4
53M
2.17,8
2.61.4 '
3.04,9
3.48,6
8.92,1
4.35,6
MM
2.21,9 1
2.26,0
2.66.3
2.71,2 :
3.10,7
3.16,4
3.56,1
3.61,6
8.99,6
4.06,8"
4.43,8
imr
4.52.1
5«M
2.30,1
2.76,2 ;
3.22.2
3.68,2
4.14,2
4.M,8
»7M
2.34.2 '
2.81.1
3.27.9
3.74,8
4.21,6
4.68.5
SM«
2.38,4
2.86.U
3.33,7
3.81,4
4.29,0
4.76.7
5M«
2,42,.5
2.91,0 '
3.39,6 '
3.87,9
4.36,4
4.84,9
MM
2.46.6
2.95,9
3.46,2
3.94.5
4.43.8
4.93.2
*1M
2.50,7
3.00,8
3.61 .0
4.01,1
4.61.2
5.01.4
«2M
2.64,8
3.03.8
3.56.7
4.07,7
4.68.6
6.09,8
MM
2.58,9
3.10.7
3.62.5
4.14,2
4.66,0
5.17,8
«4M
2.63,U
3.16,6
3.68,2
4.20,8
4.78,4
6.26,0
2.67,1
8.20,6
3.74,0
4.27,4
4.80.8
6.34.2
MM
2.71,2
2.75,3
3.26.5
3.30,4
3.79,7
3.86.6
4.84,0
4.40,5"
4.88.2
6.42,5
*7M
4.96,6
6.60,7
MM
^.79,5
3.36,3
3.91,2
4,47,1
6.03,0
6.68.9
m»
• 83,6
2.87,7"
3.40,3
3.46,2
3,97.0
4T62,7
4.63,7
4:60,3
6.10,4
6.67,1
7M«
6.17,8
6.75,3
7IN
2.91,8
3.60,1
4.08,6
4.66,8
5.26,2
5.83,6
72M
2.96,9
8,66.1
3.60,0
4.J4.2
4.2070
4.73.4
6.32,6
6.91,8
7.1M
3.00,0
4.80.0
6,40,0
6.00.0
74M
3.04,1
3.64,9
4.26.8
4.86,6
6.47,4
6.08,2
75M
3,08,2
3.12,3
3.69,9
3,74,8
4.31,6
4.37.3
4.93,2
4.99,7
6.54,8
6.16,4
7tM
6.62,2
6.24,7
77M
3.16,4
6.79,7
4.43,0
6.06,3
5.69,6
6.32.9
7H0
3.20..5
3,84,7
4.48.8
4.54.6"
6.12,9
6.77.0
6.41,1
7M0
3.24,7
4,89,6
6,19.6
6 84,4
6.49,8
80M
3,28,8
3.94,5
4.60,3
5.26,0
6,91.8
6.67,5
81M
3.32,9
X .770"
3.99,5
4.04,4
4,66.0
4.71,8
5.32.6
5.99,2
8.65.8
82M
6.39,2
6.06,6
8.74,0
KIM
3.41.1
4.09,3
4.77,6
5,46,8
6.14,0
6.82,2
84M
8.45,2
3.49.3
4.14,2
4.19,2
4.83.3
4.89,0
5.52,3
6.21,4
6.90,4
85M
6.68.9
6.28,8
6.98.6
MM
3.53,4
4.24.1
4.94,8
6.66,5
6.36,2
7.06.8
87M
3.57,6
3.61,6
4.29.0
4.34,0
5.00.6
6.06,3
6.72,1
6.43,6
7.16.1
8HM
6.78,6
6.61.0
7.23,3
84M
3.66,8
4.38,9
5.12,1
5.86,2
6.68.4
7.3195
MM
3.69,9
3.74,0
4.43,8
4.48.8
5.17.8
5.23,6
6.91,8
6.98,4
6.66,8
7.39.7
«1M
6.73,2
7.47,9
92M
3.78,1
4.63,7
6.29,3
6.04,9
6.80,6
7.58.2
»3M
3.82,2
3.86.3
4.68,6
5.38,1
6.11,6
6.87.9
7.64.4
»4M
4.63.6
B.40.3
6.18,1
6.96,3
7.72,6
9SM
3.90,4
4.68.6
5.46,6
6.24,7
7.02,7
7.80,8
9tM
3.94,5
3.98,6
4.7S.4
4.78,4
6.52.3
6.68.1
6.31,2
6.37,8
7.10,1
7.89.0
97M
7.17,6
7.97,3
98M
4.02.7
4.83,3
6.63,8
6.44,4
7.24,9
8.06,5
9M0
4.06.8
4.H8.2
6.09,6
6.51.0
7.32,3
8.13.7
lOOM
4.11,0
4.93,2
6.76,3
I 6.67,5
7.39.7
: 8,21,9
10
_4J9,2_
4.27,4
4.36,6
\ 4.48,8
I 4.52,1
4.80,8
I 4.68,6
4.76,7
4.84,9
4.93,2
6.01.4
I 6.09,6
I 5.17,8
I 6.26,0
I 6.34,2
I 6.60,7
6,68.9
16.67^1_
6.75,3
5.83.6
_6^1,8_
6.00,0
6.08,2
6.16,4
6.24,7
6.32.0
6.41,1
6.49,3
6.57,5
6.66.8
6.74,0
6.82,2
6.90.4
6.98.6
7.06,8
7.16.1
7.23,3
7.3195
7,39,7
7.47,9'
7.66,2
7.64,4
7.78,6
7.80,8
7.89.0
7.97,8
8.05,5
8.13.7
8.21,9
Interest, 4 DAYS.
10
45««
4»M !
1.04,1 I
l.(»,6 I
i72ox!
1.26,0 !
1.31 ,6^'
1.37,0 i
1.42.6
_M7,9^I
1.68.4 !"
1.68.9 I
2.64^ I
i.'69.9 r
1.76,3
1.86,3 r
1.91,8
1.97.3
2.02.7 r
2.08.2 I
2.J3.J_|
2.19,2 l~
2.24,7
2.35,6
2.41.1
j^46,6
2.62,1
2.67,5
2.63,0
1.06,2
1.11,8
1.18.4
1.24,9
1.31,6
1^38,1
1.44, 7
1.61.2
_K57.£
1.64,4
1.71,0
JJ7.5
1.84,1
1.90,7
1.97,8
2,03,8
2.10,4
2.17.0
2.74,0
2.23,6 i
2.30.1
2.88,7
2.43"X
2.49,9 I
2.63.0 ]
2.69,6
2.76,2 :
2.82,7 I
2.89,3
2^96^
3.02.5 r
3.09.0
3 J5.6 !
3.22,2 I
3.28,8
.99.7'
1.07,4
iJ6.1
1.22,7
I 1.30,4
_I,38.1
1 f.46,8
i 1.63,4
lyi.l
I 1.88,8'
I 1.76.4
1J(4.1
; 1.91.8
1.99,6 I
I 2.07.1 '
2.14,8
2.22,6 ;
2.80,1 I
2.37,8 :
2.46.6 '
2^53,2^,
2.60,8 r
2.68.5 <
_2J6^
2.83,8 I
2.91.6 i
3.06.8 ;~
3.14.5
3.29.9 i~
3.37.5
J .45^2
3.'62.U
3.6U.6
3.B.H,2
3.76.9'
• 17.5
.35.1 I
.43.8
^62,6
.81.4
.70,1 :
_.7li,l)
.87.7'
.96.4
1^05.2
"1.14.0
1.22.7
K31.5
1.40.3'
1.49,0
._ 1.67.8
i 1.76,3! 1
_1.84,l I ;
i.'92.0 :
2.01,6 ' 2
2.10. 4J 2
2.'19,2 r 2
I 2.27.9 I 2
_2.36,7 I 2
2.46,5": 2
2.64.2 I 2
_2J)3.0 I 2
2.7M r-i,
2.80,5 3
_2Ji9.3 ■).
2-98, r 3.
3.06,8 , 3.
JiAo.liJ 3.
3.24.4 i",T:
3.33,2 H
SJI.HJ 3.1
3.50.7 ! 3.i
3.69.5 : 4.1
.3^,2' 4.1
.3.77;u :~4.i
3.86.8 ': 4.3
3.94 .5_; 4,4
4:03,3 IT.,-,
f-12,1 4.(i
4.20„S 4.7
4.29,(i
4.h:i,
•»■ .11.0
■' , -21 .!!
'•" ..32.9
'■'?. .43.8'
■; .54,8
'•-_ .65.8
•II ^~'«.7'
■■} -87.7
■"_ .98.6
■1' I.Oij.B'
■' 1.20.5
^ 1.31,5
7 l-42,i;'
,' 1.53.4
'L I.n4.4
5 l.'o.lj
I ; 1.86.3
1' 1. 97. .-I
t 2.0s. 2'
2.I9.2
I 2.30,1
II 2-"4i.r
il 2.52.1
_' 2^63.0
2.74.0'
2.84,9
2^95.9
3.06,8"
3.17,8
L'-'.28,8
; 3:39,7'
3. .50, 7
_.3J1,6
i 3.72X
I 3.83,6
;_3.94„5
4;a5,5
4.18,4
4.27.4
4.38.4
4.49,3
J^.80,3
4.71,2
4.82,2
4^93,2
5.04,1
5.15,1
5.26.0
5..S7;o"
Intereiit, 4 DAYS.— Continued.
:
u
1,
Rate. !
tmj
S2N {
93N
S7W J
MM ~
MM
62M
63M
tm
*S«0
t6M
an
t8M ;
J9«0
7M«
71M j
72MJ
7m
74M
_75»»_|
76M I
7700
7800^1
7900 I
8
I
JlOO
8200'
8300
J700
8800 ~
8M0
9000
9100
9200
9300
9400
9500 >
J600 J
9700 ,
9800 !
9900
10000 r
2.79.6
3.36.3
3.91.2
2.84.9
8.41 .9
3.!)8,9
2.90.4
8.48.5
4.06.6
2 95.9
3.66.1
4.14.2
.1.01,4
3.61 .0
4.21.9
3. Mi. 8
8.68,2
4.29.6
3.12.3
3,74,8
4.37.3
3.17.8
3.81,4
4.44,9
3.23.3
3.87.9
4.52.6
r..28,8
8.94.6
4.60.3
3.34.2"
" 4:01. r
4.67.9"
3.3!). 7
4.07.7
4.76.6
3.4.5.2
4.14.2
4.83,3
3.50.7"
4.20.8
4.91,0
3.1)8,2
4.27,4
4.98,6
S.lil.A
4. .34.0
8.06.3
3.(i,".i
4.40.5
6.14,0
3.72.(1
4.47,1
6,21,6
3.78.1
4.63,7
6.29,3
3.83.B
4.60,3
6.37.0
3.89.0
4.66.8
6.44.7
3.94..5
4.73,4
5.52,3
4.00,0
4780,0"
6.60,0
' 05,5
4.86,6
5.67,7
4.11,0
4.93.2
6.75.3
4.16.4"
4:99,7
5.83,0"
4.21.9
5.06.3
5.90,7
4.27,4
6.12.9
5.98.4
4.32,9"
5.19.5
oloe.o
4..S8,4
6.26,0
6.13.7
4.43.8
6,32,8
6.21.4
4.49,3
6.39,2
"6729.0"
4.54.8
6,45,8
6.36,7
4.60,3
6.52,3
6.44,4
4.65.8
5.58.9
6.7,2,1
4.71,2
5.65.5
6.59.7
4.76,7
5.72.1
6.67.4
4.82,2"
5.78.6
6.75.1
4.87.7
5.85.2
6.82.7
4.93.2
5.91.8
6.90,4
4.98.6
"5.98,4
6.98,1
5.04.1
6.04,9 :
7.05.8
5.09.6
6.11,5
7.13.4
5.15.1
'6.18,1
7.21.r
5.20,5
6.24.7
7.28.8
6.26.0
6.31.2 !
7.36.4
5.31..^
6.37.8".
7.44.1"
5.3-.0 1
6.44,4
7.51,8
6.42.5 1
6.51.0
7. .59,5
6.47,9 i
6.5"7,6"|
7.67.1
_4.47.lJ
4:&5.9 I
4.64,7
4.73,4
4.82.2",
4.91,0
4.99.7
5.08,6 :
6.17,3 ;
_6J6^0^!
6.34,8
6.43.6
6.62,8 I
6.61,1 I
5.69,9
_6J8,6
6.87.4
5.96.2
_8^04.9
6.13.7
6.22.5
6.31.2
6.40.0
6.48,8
_6^67.5
6.66,3"
6.76,1
_6.83,8^
6."92,'6
7.01,4
7.10,1
6^08,0
"6.12,9"
6,22.7
6.32,6
"6.42,6
6.52,3
6.82.2
"6.72,1
6.81.9
iM ,8
"6.or,6
6,11,6
8^21,4
6.31 ,'2
6.41.1
6.61,0
7.18,9
7.27,7
7.36,4
7745,2
7,64,0
7.62,7
7.71.5"
7.80.3
7.89.0
7.97,8"
8.06.6
_8J5.3
8.24.1
8. .32. 9
8.41.6
8.50.4
8.59,2
8.67.9
8.76.7
6.60,8
6.70,7
6.80^
"6790,4
7.00,3
7.10.1
7.20,0"
7.29,9
Jja.i
7.49,6
7.69,6
7.69,3
I 6.68,9
I 6.69,9
5.80.8
! 6.91 ,8
: 8702,r
6.13,7
_6.24,7_
6733.6
6.46,6
6^67, 5_
6.68.5
6.79.6
6.90,4
7,01,4
7,12,3
_7^^.3_
7.34.2
7.46,2
7.66,2
7.67.1
7.78,1
7.89.0
8.00.0
8.11,0
8.21,9
8.32,9
8.43.8
8.64.8
7.79.2
7.89.0 I
_7.98^9J
8."a8,8 i
8.18,6
_8^28,5_l
8.38,4 I
8.48,2
8^58j^l J
8.67,9
8.77.8 i
_8.87,7_:
8.9775 ,
9.07.4
_i).n,3J
9.27.1 i
9.37.0 I
9.46,8j
9.66.7 l"
9,ia5,6 1
_9^76^i
9.88,3
8.65 8
8.76.7
8.87.7
8.98.6
9.09.6
6.20.5
9.31.6
9.42.6
9.63,4
9, 6'!, 4
9.75,3
9.86,3
9.97,3
10.08,2
10.19.2
"10.30,1
10.41,1
iq^62,2_
10. 63,0
10.74.0
10.84.9
"10.96,9
S«M
10
•.M.6
" T.lJ.4
7.2a,0
7.88,7
7.«7,J
_7.l«,8
7.90"
a.08,2
8.21,9
8.85.«
8.49,8
8.88,0
8.76.7
8.90.4
9.04.1
Intemt. 6 DAYS.
Rate.
I
78t
■08.2 I
■ 18.4
■24,7
■ S2,»
.41.1
.49.3
.57.5
I .as. 8 I
.90.4 !
.98.6 I
' 1.06.8"
1.16,1
I 1.31,5
1.89,7 : i
^47.9 i I
1.6«.'2 ■ I
1.64,4 I
^72.8 i
1.80,8 , 2
1.89,0 I 2
1,97,3 ! 2
2.06.6 I i
2.13.7 ' 2,
2.21^0 I 2.
2.30,1) r.
2.38.4 ' 2.
I 2.46.0 2^
I 2.54;8 3.1
2.6.?,o i a.:
2,79,5 i 3.e
2.87,7 I 3,4
2^«6.J)^|' 3..i
3.04.1 i 3.6
3.12,3 3.7
3^20^6 3.8
3.2S,S r 3.!^
3. .37,0 I 4.0<
Jl.45^1 4.1j
''■■53,4 I 4.24
3-61, 8 4.34
3.<>9.'J 4.43
"9,7 I .23.11
».6 .84.5
|».5 .46,1)
19.3 .87.5
«.2 .68.0
U.U 780,5
«.« i .92.1
8.8 1.0:i.(l
8,0 i r:i5. 1
'.6 ; 1.28,«
1.4 ' 1.38.1
i.2 1.49.1)
M 1.81,1
.9 ( 1.72.6
,8 I 1.84.1
,7 l.!)6.6
.5 ' 2^7.1
,4 i 2.18.6
3 2..30,1
I 2.41.6
II 2.63.2
8 2.64.7
7 2.76,2
II 2.87.7
t 2.99,2
I 3.10.7
! 3,22.2
I 3. .13. 7
' I 3.46,2
I 3."6«,7
3.68,2
3.7M
3.91,2
4-02,7 I
yjLi
4.25.8 "
4.37,3
I 4.48.8
! 4;6673'
4.71,8
4^83,3
4.94,8
6.06.3
5.17.8
5.29..H'
.1.1.2
• 28..1
.•*l.5
.52.6
.63.8
.78,!l
.92. 1
'05.2
1.18.4
l.:tl,5
1.44,7
l.-57,((
1.71.(1
1.84.1
I.97..1
2.1(1.4
2.23,6
-'■.*!. 7
2.49.!)
2.63.0
2.76.2
2.89,3
3.02.5
3.15.6
3.28,8
3.41.1)
3.55.;
3.68,2
3.81.4
3.94..-,
4.07.7
4.20,8
4^34.0
4.j7,r,
4.60.3
4.73,4
4'.86,V|
4.99.7 I
•5.12.9 I
•?.26.0"
5..TO,2
5J2.3
5.65,5
5.78,6
5.9I.S
l.dl.ll
l.i'1.2
{.■17..,
'■62,7
1.77, .-,
I.!a,.l
2.07.1
-'.21,11
2.:ili,7
2.31.,-,
i.Wi.:)
2.11.1
2.%.!l
•1.10.7
3.'40.':i
•w.-,i
3.09, !j
•■1.84.7
H.'.Kl.:,
■t.14,2
4.2<l.()
4.43.,s
4..iH.(i
4.73,4
4.88.2
3. 03.0 .
3.17.8 :
3.,12.(i
0.47.4
5.62,2
■);77J)
5.9I,»'
6.06.li
6.21.4
(i.36.2
6.51,0
11.65.8
4M0
4.73.4 i
4.11.0
5^62.3
3.63,8
6.76,3 :
.Is,
IC
• in. I
..'12.9
•49,3
• 65.8
•82.2
•98.6
"•••■■■I
'•31,5
'•47.')
1.64.4"
1.80,8
'•W.3
2.13.7
2.;i0 I
2.46. ;
2.63,0
2.79.5
2.96.9
3.12.3
3.28,8
3.45.2
•■1.61.6"
3.78,1
■1.94.5
4.11.0''
J.27.4
1.43.8
1.76.7
1.93.2
.,.09.6"
•■,.3i,0
3.42,5^
•,••58.9
3.75,3
3.91.8
6.0S.2"
6.24.7
li.4l.l
6;57.ir
li.74.0
6.90.4_
7.06,8
7.23.3
• m/i
7.72.6
M
tIN
4.11). a
~»M
": 4.27.4
«JN
4.a.'i,ii
5M«
4.4».H
SM*
'4. .12.1
m»
4.(ii).:i
S7M
4. IIS..-,
MM*
4.7«.7
»«H 1 4.«4:il
MN
4.y:i.2
*IN
5.UI,4
tM*
IS.OU.I)
tM*
5.17.11
•4M
r).2B,U
6SM
».;)4.2
MM
5.42.5
MM
0.60.7
6(>M
6.68,9
t«M
6.67,1
;n*
6.76.;r
71N
! 6.83,6
72(1
5,n,8
73M
H.UU,U
74M
6.08,2
79M
6.lb,4
7M«
6,24,7^
77M
6.82,9
78N
6.41.1
«*♦-
6.49,3
IN*
6.67.6
NM
6.66,8 '.
»M*
6.7470"
83M
6.82.2 ;
84M
6.90.4
MK
B.iW.ti
8M«
7.06.8
8700
7.15.1
8800^
7.23.3
8M0
7.31,5
9000
7.39.7
9100
7.47.9"
9200
7.6B.2
930*
7.64,4
"9400"
"7.7"2.B r
9500
7.80.8
9«00
7.89.0 1
"9700
7.97,11
9800
8.05.5 [
9900
X.Vi.l I
lOOOO
8.21.9 ;
n.iKi.o
! 5.86.8
5.I2.!I
i 5.I1K.4
6.22.7
O.IIO.'I
5.;i2.(i
1 0.21.4
3. 42..-.
1 0.32.9
5.62.3
0.44.4
5.62.2
! (i..V'i.9
6.72,1
0.07.4
6.81.9
0.78.9
5.91,8
0.W).4
0.01.6
7.01.9
6.11, .-|
7.13,4
6.21.4
7.24.9
'0.31. 2
7.;i6.4
0.41,1
7.47.9
6 51.0
7.59.5
U.60.8
7.71.0
6.70,7
7.82,6
6.80.5
7.94.0
"0.90.4
8.05,5
7.0O.3
8.17,0
7.10.1
8.28.5
"7.20.0
8.40.0
7.29.9
8.61.5
7.39.7
8.o;i.o
7.49.6
8.74.5
7.69,5
8.80.0
7.69,3
8.97.5
"7,79.2
9.0S..L'
7.89,0
9.20.5
7.98.9
9. .12.1
«.('S.8
9.43,0
8.18,0
!l.5S.l
8.28.5
9.66.0
'8.38,4"
" 9.78.1
8.48.2
9.S9.0
8. .58.1
10.01,1
«,li7.9
10.12.0
8.77.8
10.24.1
8.87,7
10.35.0
"8.U7.6'
10.47.1
9.07.4
10.58.0
9.17.3
10.70.1
9.27. 1
10.81.0
9.37.0
10.93.2
9.46.8
11.04.7
"9.6«.7
'11.16.2 '
9.0C.0
11.27,7
!l.7l!,4
11.39.2
9.86.3
11.60.7 1
6.70.7
0.83.8
0.97.0
7.10.1
7.2il.3
7.30,4
7.49,6
7,02.7
7.76,9
7.89.0
8.02,2
8.16.3
8.28.5
"8.41.0
8.54,8
8.07,9
8.81,1
8.94,2
9,07,4
9,20,5
9.33.7
9.46.8
9.0U.U
9,73,2
9.80,3
"9.99.5
10.12.6
10.25.8
141.38.9
10.52.1
10.05.2
10.78.4
10.91.5
11.04.7
11.17.8
11.31,0
11.44.1
11. .57.3
11.70.4
11.83.6
11.90.7"
12.0il.9
1' 23.0
l-'.30.2
12.49.3
12.02.5
12.75.0
12.88.8
13.01 .0
13.16,1
7,M.B
i.m.i
7,84,1
7.98,11
8,18,7
8,28,6
8,43,3
8,68,1"
8.72,9
8.87,7
0.M.6"
9,17,3
9,82.1
9,4m
»,6I,«
fl.76.4
9.91,2".
10,06,0
10.20.8
10.36,6
10.60,4
10.66^2^
10,80,0
10,84,8
11,00.6 j
1 1.24. 4
11.39,2
11.64.0
11.68.8 i
11.88,6
UMJ !
12.18,2"|
12,27,9
12.4^7
"12.67,6 ■
12.72,3
12J7J
13.01.9 I
13.16,7
13.31^6 I
13.46,3 '■'
13.61,1
13,76,9
13.90.7"'
14.05,5
14.20J^{
14..15.1
14.49,9
I4.64J_
14.79.6 ,'
..I.M.4
8.71,2
8.(7.7
~9:6r,r
S.20.6
_9.87,0
».ss:4
9,69,9
9,88,3
10,02,7"
10.19,2
10,35.6
lo.ex
10,68,6
JO. 84, 9
U.OTT
11.17,8
_n.84,2
11.60.7
11.67,1
11.83.6
"12.00.0
12.16,4
12^82,0
12.iSX
12.66.8
12.82.2
"12.98,6
13.16,1
13,31,6
13.64,4
13. 8M
13.97.3
14.13.7
14.30.1
14.40.0
14.63,0
14.70.5
"14.95,9
16,12,3
15.28.8
16.46,2
15.61.6
16.78,1
15.94,5
16.11.0
_l0^2r4
16.43,8"
10
SMO
r'.i;
■;:■'!;
m ■
Rate.i
nterest, 7 DAYS.— Continued.
6
I 8.09.9
I 0.32,5
6.44,4
6.66,9
' (1.67 ,4
8.78,U
6.90.4
roi,9 1
7.13.4 I 8.32,5
7.24.9 !_S,45.t
7; 36', 4 I S.69,2
7.47,9 i 8.72.(1
_7.6a,,?J_8.86,(J
7.71.0 ;■ 8.99.6
7.82.5 ' 9.12,9
_7_^^0 l_9.26.3
8.06.6 I 9.39.7
8.17.0 I 9.63,2
J.28,6 |_9.J6.6
8.40.0; 9,80,0"
8.61,5 I 9.93.4
J.M.O IjO^WUI
8174.5 10.20, 3
8.86.0 ! 10.33,7
l_8.97_,5 I 10.47,1
9.09.0 10. (io,. 5"
9.20.6 : 10.74,0
_9^32.1 JJU^,4
9.43.6 II.OO.S'
9.66.1 ; 11.14.2
_9^ea, 6^1 11.27.7
9.78,1 i 11.41, r
9.89,6 11.64.6
10.01,1 11.67,9
10.12.0 11.8i,4'
10.24.1 I 11.94 s
10.36,6 I
10.47,1 '
10.58,6
10.70^1 I
10.81,6
10.93,2
1I.04JJ
11.16'.2
11.27.7
ii..m.2 ;
11.50,7 "
i 7
8
9
10
I 6.84.7
7.82,6
7.97.8
8.80,8
9.78.1
6.98.1
8.97,6
9.97.3
7.11.6
8.13,2
9.14,8
10.16,4
7.24.9
8.28,5
9,32,1
10.35.6
7.38,4
8.43.8
9.49,3
10.54.8"
7.51.8
8.69,2
9.66,6
10.74,0
7.66.2
8.74,6
9.83.8
10.93.2
7.78.6
8.89,9
10.01,1
il.12.3
7.92.1 i
9.05.2
10.18,4
11.3105
8.05,6 1
9.20.6
10.36,0
11.60,7
10.74,0
10.89,8
11.04,7
ri.20,0
11.35.3
11.50.7
10.62.9 I li:62.9"
10.70,1 I 11,89,0
J0^87,4 |J2^08,2
11.04.7 ; 12.27,4"
11.21.9 12.46,6
12.65.8
13.11,8
13.29,0
13.46,8
13.63.6
13.80.8
13.98J
14.15,3"
14.32,6
14.49,9
14.67.1"
14.84,4
lo.M.O
15.18,9
15. .36. 2
16.53.4
16. 70, 7'
15.87,9
J6.05^2
16.22,6
16.39.7
16.57,0
16.74,2
16.91.5
17.08.8
15.15.1
16.34,2
15.53,4
16.72,6
15.91,8
16.11,0
10:30,1
16.49.3
16.6S,6_
16.87,7
17.06,8
17.26^0^
17.46,2
17.64.4
17.83.6
"18.02.7
18.21.9
H-ILL
18.61,3
18.79,5
18.98,6
17.26,0 ' 19.17,8
Interest. 8 DAYS.
Rate.!
.13,2
■ 52,6
.7«.7
• 87.7 !
1.07,4
1.22,7
^1.38.1
1.53,4
1.68.8
4200
4.60,3 i
4300
4.71,2 i"
4400
4.82,2
4J0O
4.93,2
4600
6.04,r"
4700
5.15,1
4800
5.26,0
4900
6.37:r~
bO«0
6.47.9 1
4 I 1.97,3
3 2.10,4
3 ( 2.28,8
8 ;2.36^7
'i i 2.49, U
! I 2.63, U
I L2-76,2
I 2.89, 3 1'
i 3.02,5 I
l__3.16.6
; 3:28,8"!
' 3.41,9 I
_3.55,1 I
3.6872 i"
3.81,4 I
;_3j»4^6 1
j 4.07,7 i
4.20,8 f
!_4.34^0 !
4.47. r;~
4.60,3 '
_4.ra,4 I
4.86.6 i"
4.99.7 I
5.12,9 I
5.26,0
5.39.2
_6.52,;i
6.66.5 i
6.78.6 I
J,91^S
6.04,9^1
6.18,1
.17,5
.35,1
! .62,6
I .70,1
' .87.7
,'^'.05,2
; '-22.7 1
< 1.40.3 I
)_L,5_7,S I
i 1.7673 I
1.92,9
_2^I0,4 i
2.27,9 I
2.45,6 I
_2.63.0 I
2.80„5y
2.98,1
3.16.6 I
3.33.2 I
•'i.50,7 ^
3,68.2
3.85,8
4.03,3
.19,7
.m.r, !
_ ..W,2
.7»,!) '
■ !«.«
1. 18. J
'.38.1
'.■57.8
'■77..i
'■97. .^
2.17,0
. 2..%.7
2-i6 4
2.7ti,2
2.«.i,0
■■I. '3,6
3.33,3
•^..35,1
3.74.8
•'i.W,3 (
4. 1 J. 2
4..'i4.u ■
4. .53,7
10
.21.9
.43,8
3.83,6
3.98,9
4^14^2
4.29,6^1
4.44,9 I
iM^ t
4.76,6''!
4.91,0
.6^06.3 I
6.21,6 ['
6.37,0
6..52^3
6.67,7'r
5.83,0
5.98.4 I
«.13,7~r
6.29.0 I
6.44,4 i
6.69,r'~
6.75,1
6.90,4
7.06:8
7.21,1
4.20,8j_4.7,?'4 '
4.38,4 . 4:<)3 2
3.l2.'u
5..32.«
" ■32,3 ~
_±^^^lp.Hh2 7..%,'4
1.67,6 1
7.67,1
4.66.9
_^«.78.4
4.91,0
5.08,5
6.26,0
5.43:0'
6.61,1
_5.78,6
5.96:2 I
6.13,7
__6.32.2 I
6.48.8 i
6.66,3
6.83,8 I
7.01,4
7.18,9
7. .36^4
7.64,0
7.71, .5
7.89.0
"8.06:6
S.24.1
_8.4J^.6 j
8.59, 2 1
8.76,7
5.72,1
'_3.9|.8
6. '1,0
6..51,2
.J.51.0
6.70,7'
6 90,4
7.10.1
.87,7"
1.09,6
'•31,5
I.53X
1.76,3
1.97^3
2.19,2-
2.41,1
2.63,0
2.84,9'
3.06,8
■1.28,8
3.66,7'
3,72^6
^3.94,6
4.16T
4.38,4
4.60,3
4.82,2"
5.04,1
5.26^0
6.47,9
6.69,9
6.91^8
6^13,7
I 6.36.6
L6^57,5
6.79,.'!
7.01,4
_7.23.3
7.46,2
7.67,1
7.89,0
8.11.0
8. .32,9
8.64,8
8.76.7
8.98.6
9.20,5
9.42:5
9.04,4
9.86,3
I0."08:2
;;-27,l I 10.30,1
_JI.-lfi.8 !_10^52.1
''■'i6.6 10.74,0
"■S6.3 10.96,9
Interest, 8 DAYS.— Continued.
W -'i
1% '
I- I
§1
Rate,
JIM
S2M~
93M
8400
9900
9«00
J700
9M0
9900
_60«0
6100 i
«20«
0300
0700
*800
_M00
7000 :
7100 I
^200
7300
7400
_7900
7600
7700 i
jm i
7900 I'
6.58.0
5.(>9,9
5.80,8
_.'>.01.S
0.02.7
(:.13.7
_0,24.7
6.36.6
6.46.6
6.57.5
6.68.5"
6.70,5
J^00,4
7.01,4
7.12,3
7.2.1.3
7.84.2 I
7.45.2 '
7.56,2
7.67,1 :
7.78,1
7.80.0 !
8.00,0 i"
8.11.1 ! 0.73,2
8.21.0 ljj.86.3
si32,o i y.m.a
8.43,8 I 10.12,6
6.70,7
6.83,8
6.07.0
7.10.1
7.23,3
7..36.4
7.49.6
7.62.7
7.75,, 1
7.*,. J
8.02.2
8.15,3
8.28,6
"8.41,6 :
8.64,8
8.67,0 I
8.81,1
8.94,2 I
0.07,4 I
0.2O,5"|
9. .33, 7
7.82
7.07,8
8.13,2
8.28,."i
8.43.8
8,59.2
8.74,5
" 8.80.9
9.05,2
9.20.5
"9.iJ6,0
9,51,2
I
=£=
8.04.2
"9.11,8
0.29.3
9.46.8
9.04,4
9.81,9 ;
0.09,5 )
10.17,0
10.34,6 I
10.52,1 I
10.69,6
10
10. 06, OJ 11.17.8
10.25,8 i ll.'39,r
10.45,5
10.86.2
10V84.0'
11.04,7
11.24,4
11.44.1
11.63,8
11.83.6
12.03,3
12.23.0
, 10.87.1
9.66.6 I Ih04,7J 12.42,7
o:81,9 I 11.22.2 I 12:62.6
11.39,7
11. .57, 3
il.74;8
11.92,3
12.09,9
12.27,4
9.9;
10.12.6
10.27,9
10.43.3
10.68,6
10,74,0
10.80,3
JlOO
8200
8300
J400
8900
8600
870O
8800
8900
9000
9100
9200
9300
9400
990O
9600
9700
9800
9900
lOOUO !
j 8..54,8
I 8.66,8"
8.76,7
8.87,7
8.98,6"
9.09.6
9.20.6 I
9.3i.5 i
9.42,5
9.53.j_
9.64.4
9.76.3
_9.86.3 I
9.97,3 :
10.08,2 i
10,19,2 •
lO.M,]
it.46,8j 11.04,7
9.60,0 j 11.20,0"
11.36,3
I 11.60^7
rii.66.0
I 11.81,4
111.96^7
12.12,11
12,27,4 I
12,42,7_
12.58,1 I
12.73,4
12^8M
13,04,1 ■
13.19,5
13.34^8 I
"13..50,1 f
13.66,5
13.80,8
12.44,9
12.62,6
"12.80.0
12.97,5
12.82,2
l_13,0I,9
,' 13.21,6"
13.41,4
|J3^6^1
13,80,8"
14.00,5
14,20,3
14,40,0
14,59,7
I 10.25,8
10.38,0
10..^)2.1
10.(15,2
10;78,4
10.01,5
11,04.7
11.17.8
11.31,0
il.44,1
11.67,3
11.70.4
11.83,6
11.96.7
12.09.9
J^2.23^0
12.36, 2~
10.41,1 I 12.49,3
10.52.1 ' 12.62^
io.63,0 12.76,6
10.74.0 12.88,8 I
10.84.9 _13.0J^ I
10.96,9 13.16,1 I
iO.l
J 3. 67^
13.85,2
14.02.7
24^2M
14.37,8
14.55,3
14.72.9
r4.90,4
15.07,0
j5^25^5
15.43,0
16.60,6
1.5.78,1
13.96,2 ri5.05.0
14.11.6 I 16.13.2
14.2«.8_lj6..30,7
14".4"2,2 j 16.48.2"
16.65,8
13.16,1 I 14.79,5
13.32,6 f 14.99,2
14.57,5
JI4.72JI
14.88.2"
16.03,6
15.18,9
15.34.2"
16.83J
17.00,8'
17,18,4
J7.36,9
17.53,4"
I 15.18,9
I 15. .38.8
15.68,4
15.67,1
_1^5.97,8
16.17.6
16.37,3
16.67.0
"16;76,7"
16.98,4
17.16^2
17.36,9
17.56,6
17.75^3
"17.96.1
18.14.8
18.34.5
18., 54, 2
18.74.0
J8.'93.'7
19.1.3". 4
19.3? 2
19.52,9
"19.72,6
11,61,6
11,83,6
12,06.5
12.27,4
12.40,3
12:71,2
12.93.2
13^16.1^
i"3.377o
13.68.9
13.80.8
14.02,7
14,24,7
14.4M
14.88,6
14,00,4
15J2,3_
I 16.34,2"
16.56.2
I 16.78, 1_
re. 00,0
16.21,9
16^43 J^
16.65,8
16.87,7
17.09^0^
17.31,5
17,53,4
i7^75„3^
17.97,3
18.19,2
18^ia_
18,63,0
18.84.9
19JK).£
19.28.8
19.50,7
J9,72,8_
19.94,6
20.18.4
20.38,J_
20.60,3
20,82,2
21.04,1
21.26.0
21.47,9
21.69,9
21.91,8
10
ml,
n
Interest, 9 DAYS.— Continued.
Rate.
91N
~92M
S3M
54M
95M
_6.28,8
8.41, r
6.63,4
6^6.5,8
6.78,1
6.00,4
_WW__7^02,7
S8M 7.fB7r
MM 7.27,4
_m»jjr.3'JJ
MM ; 7.62, fi
t2M 7.64,4
«3M_|_7.7«,7 I
MM 7.8970
6SM 8.01.4
t*M ! 8.13.7
67M I 8.267(r
MM 8.38.4
t9M I 8.50,j^
70M I 8.63,T
7100 ! 8,76,3
_8J7,7
e.doio'
S>;12.3
9.24.7
7«M I 9.37,0
77M 9.49,3
78M 9.6J^8
7M« 9.747o^
MM 9.80,3
J100^_9^98,0
8200 I lO.liTo
J2M
73M
74M I
79M
7.54.5
7.W.3
7.84, _
8.13,7
8.28,5
8.4W
8.68,1
8.72,9
|_8J7^7
I 9.02,5"
9.17.3
l_9^32,l
9.46,8
9.61,6
8.91.2
10.06,0
_10^,8
10.36,6
10.60,4
10.66.2
16.80,0 I 12.60.0
10.94,8 12.77,3
lK«Mi^ J2.94,6
11.24.4 I 13.11,8
83M
84M
89M
8t0«
JTM^
eSM
89M
10.23,3
20.35.0
10.47,!)
10.60,3
10/72,6
"10.84,9
10.97.3
11.09.6
11.21,9
11.34,2
n_.46.6^
11.68,9
11.71,2
91M
9200
J3»i
94M
9SM
9600 I 11.83^0 I J4.20;3
9700 11.95,9 14.3,5,T
98M 12.08.2 14.49,9
99M |j^2.20.5 I 14.64,7
IMM"! 12.32,9 ' 14.79X
14.40,0
14.69,7
i4.79,5
14.99,2
15.18,9
15.38,6
15.58,4"
16,78,1
15.97.8
16.17.5
16.37,3
16.57.0
"16:76,7
16.96,4
17.16,2
i7"..H579
17.55.6
17.75.3
17.95,1
18,14.8
18.34^
18.54,2
18. 7!, 0
J8.93^7
19.13,4
19.33,2
19.52,9
18.19,7
18.41,9
18.64,1
18.8673
19.08.5
19^30,7
19. 62 ,"9"
19.76,1
19.97.3
20.19.5
20.41.6
20^03,8
20.86,0"
21.08.2
21.30,4
21. 52. 6
21.74.8
21.97.0
19.72,8 i 22.19,2
20.21,9
20.46,6
20.71,2
20.96,9
21.20,6
21.46,2
21.69,9
21.94,5
J2. 19^
22.43.8
22.68,6
J2.93.2
23.17.8
23.42.5
23.67.1_
23.91,8
24.16,4
24.41.1^
24.66,8
I
Rate.
Interest, 10 DAYS.
6 i 7 T^Y
2m' -J?'! -"-^
ill
:'r'ii||i
Interest, 10 DAYS,-Continued.
'M
MM 6.i«i,6
li.64.ll
S.71.2
8.87,7
!l.04.1
9.20.6 i
^37.0 :
U.53,4 ;
a.69.9 :
i-
t7M
tow
SM« i 7.12,3"
MM 7.26.0 i
_»«•• I 7..TO,7 !
SSM 7:53.4";
>*M 7.87,1 I
57M I 7.80,8 i
MM 7.>)4X
5»«« I 8.08,2 i
JM«_|_5:21,9 I
JIJJ ( 8.35.6 !Tor02,'7
♦MO I 8.49,3 10.19 2
jM«m:?3,0 I 10.35,0
MM ' 8.76.7 I 10."62,T
gM I 8.90,4 10.68,5
!'.i7.8 11.6l,T
j'.3l,5 11.17,8
. . _fJ5,2^! 11.34,2
70M i 9.68.9 ; II fjir?"
71M I 9.72,6 ! II 671
JMO_'Jt.m,a I 11.83,'6 i
?JM , 10.00,0 I 12,00,0"'
?M0 I 10.13,7
_WC«_l_I0.27.4
7*M 10741,1"
WM 10,64,8
^?8M_ 10.68,5
7M0 10.82,2
8M0 10.96,9
_MIML 11.09,6
82M "ir23,3
MM 11.87,0 , .0.
«<M_| lr60,7J 13.
MM I 11.64.4 ; 13.9773
«M 11.78,1 ; 14.13
9.78,1
9.97,3"
10.16,4
10.35^6
10.64,8
10,74,0
l(Ui3^2
11.12,3"
11.31,6
|JK60,7
11.69,!)
i 11.S9.0
12.08,2
"12.27:4 i
12.46,6
12.65.8
12.84.9
13.04,1
13.^3
"13.42.5 ■
13.61,6 I
13.80,8 '
"14.00.0",
14.19,2 I
14.38,4 ]
12.49,3 ' 14,67,5
12.65,8 ) 14,76,7
12^8^^[J4.%.9
12.98,6 ; 15.15,1"
16.34,2
16.72,6
8
_1K17,8
11.^.7
11.61,6
11^83,6
12.U6;6" .„.„.^
12.27,4 I 18.80,8
12.49,8 I 14.06,6
10
12.82.2 , i4:247r
18.06,8 1 14.52 1
I8.3I.5 ,_14^79.'5
13.68.2 : 16.06.8
15.34.2
, J.5.61,6
".30,r; 16.89,0"
"•64,8 I 16.16,4
14.79,6 ! 16.43.8
12.16,4 !
I 12.32,9 '
j 13.16.1
I l.^J)1.5
' 13.47,9
"" 1,4
g7ilO
8800
8900
9100
»20«
9300
J1^91,S I 14.3U,'l
12.05,5 i 14.4676
12.19,2
12.82.9
12.46,6
12.60,3
12.74,0
14.63,0
I 14.79,6
I 14.95,9
16.12,3
,- , 15.28,8
»«« 12.8777" I5T4572
»S00 13.01,4 15.61,6
_ 13.16,1 16.78,1
9700
9800
9900
I0«0«
13.28.8 16.9475
13.42,5 16.11,0
13,56,2 16^27,4
13.99.9 ' IB. 437s"
10.66.8 I 1877470
18.87,7 : 18.9'l,6
i_I7.09j^a^ 19.23,3
17.31,6 rr9.477F
17.53,4 19.72,6
17;76^ 19.97.3
17.97.3 I"2072r79"
18.19,2 I 20.48,6
_18^a_| 20^71,2
18,63,0 i 20.9579
18.84,9 21.20,5
19. 06.8_| 21.46.2
19.2878 ; 217^9'
19.60,7
19^72^6
19.94,5"
20.16,4
;20^3M
20.60.3
20.82,2
2I.(H,I
21.26,0
21.47.9
21.69,9
; 21.94,5
! 22,19j2
22.43,8"
22.68,5
22.93,2
2.117,8"
23.42.5
23.67.1 I
2.1.91.8'
24.16,4
24.41,
21.91,8 I 24.66,8 i 27. 39,7"
10
9000
W" n
«:?4T
43.5«,2
44.80,4
46 -20, 6"
48.02,7
46^84,9
'47.67,.
48.49,a
49^31,6
"60.1377"
60.95, U
6r78.1
52. 00, 3
53.42,6
64.24 J_
"65.08,8
65.89,0
66 71,2
57. 4,). 4
58.35.6
I.17J
60.00,0"
60.82.2
61.64,5
62.46,6
63.28 ,<>
64.11.0
64.93,2
65.75,3
^^57,5
67.39,7
68.21,9
M^04^
69.86.3
70.68,3
7K.W,7^
73. 32 ,'9
73.16.1
_7,').97^3_
74.79,5
75.61,6
J6^43,8_
77.26,0
78.08,2
78^9(^4_
"79.72.6
80.54,8
81.37.U
82.19,2
10
41.91,8
43.58,2
44.311,4
♦5.20,6"
46.02,7
46.84,9
47.6?, r
48.49,3
49^31.6
60.1377
SO.»e,y
61.78,1
II! -M.i
2J 1.64,4
»»»l 4.11,0
4.93,2
_»?• r.39,7l
.'3.J6.1 I 16.7871- -18.4171
i7.7Mj0.71.2
1«,74.0 I 21.8673"
I.W,3 2-30'l ifj*
4.M,8r5 2B;„
6.90.4 _7.«9.o
8.95.5 I 9 20 K
10.36,6
ir.60,7
12.66,8
i 8.94,6
I 4.93,2
,_6. 91^.8
I 5-w.<
7.89,0
'_8.87.7
I 9.86.3
I 10.84,9
' 1.47,9
I 2.!«,.,
'_4,4;i.l(
S.ill.S
7.*l.7
H-S-.7
'"•:«. (I
'■l-'il,.-,
17.73,;)
IM*
_18i» I 14^79.5
-!'••. 17.26,0
23M 18.90 4
-MM |l9.72,8
?'*' 20.5478^
**«• 21.37.0
I 10.62,'l
!JK83,6
I 18.16,1
14.46,6
'_16-78,1
18.41,1 9|) 7,'.;
2W.i v., ,^t ,
l?:72;6|23:oi;JI^;^;fj];.ii.;;
J7.6i_,6 ,fi';;g; '
28.93.2
30.24.7
31.66,2
1.64,4
3.28,8
_ 4.!«,2
•i.57„5'
«.21.9
!'.Wi,.1
ll..'K),7
1.1. 15,1
■ U.79.5
1«.4.1,S"
11.08.2
1^1.72,6
21.37,0
23.01,4
_24.6S,H
2«.3(i,|
27.94.5
2!).. 58.11
31.2373
32.87.7
34.62.1
36.16,4
•^7.80,8
,39.45.2
41.1)9, 6"
*m
9«M
Interest, 60 DAYS.— ConUnued.
10
!:
t7N
85M
M.M.S _mMj» , 78.45,2
I Ba.sa.e'i m. 311,4 t js^mTz
eo.ijtl.S OU.OU.y 78.41,1
B2.18J^!_71.M.4 ' JU.HU.O
I tl3.i!f.» , 72.32,9 , !ll.3'7,0
(14.43,8 I 73.84,4 I 82.84,!)
Jjtt.M,9 74.96^9 ! 84. 32,B
! 66.74,0 ("76.27,4" 88.80.8
I 67.»«,0 77.68,9 87.28,8
78.90,4 JI8.76,7
80.21,9 ilO.24.7"
81.53,4 01.72,6
82.84.9^ 93.20^5
84.16.4 "94.68,6
86.47,9 i 96.16,4
86.78L5 Ji7.6M I
88.11,0' 99.12,3:
19.42,6 100.60,3 '
9(1.74,0 H)2^q8,2
I 92.0.^.5 103768,2
' 93.37,0 106.04,1
94.68, i 106.62,1
90.00,0 108.00,0
97.31,6 :109.47,9
■98.68,0 II10.9B.9
.- I 91J. 94. 67112.43,8"
1 88.60,3 101.26.0 113.91,8
I 89.75^ 102.67,5 !116.39,7
9<l.90,4 103.89,0 ;il6.8777"
92.0.5,6 |10S.20,5 118.36,6
[9.1.20,6 |106.62^1 !ll9.83^,6
I 94.36.6' 107:83,6 1121. 81,5",
I 96. .50, 7 Il09.15,l 122.79,6
I 82.84^|^.65,8J110.4U,6 jl24.27 4 I
83.83,6 I 97:80.8 ijir.78,1 ,126:7'6:3'i
84.82,2 \ 98.96,9 :113.09.6 127.23 3 I
JI6.8M ,11)0.11,0 114.42,1 :128.71,'2 <
86.79,6 ,101.26,0" ilS. 72, 6 '130r]9"2"l
; 87,78,1 102.41.1 ,117.04.1 ,131.67 1
L88.76.7 |103..5«,2 !lI8..36.0 ;i33.16;i I
90-'*.0. 106.86.3 120.98,6 'l.M.Il 0
9h72,6 '107.01,4 |l22.30,2 nST.SS.ft '
92.7"! ,2 |108.1(i,4 ^123:BT,07T39.0fi,8' '
j 93.69.9 [109. 31. .5 jl24.93,2 140.64 8 i
!_94.(i8,5 110.46,6 jl26.24.7 142.02,7 '
9.5.67.1 111.01,6 il27.. 56. 2 iJ3.57),7"'"
96.65,8 J12.76,7 128.87,7 114.98 6
97.64,4 113.91.8 :130.10.2 146.46 0
i I 69.17.8 69.04,1
r , 60.16.4" 70.19,2
I , 61.15,1 : 71.34,2
J2J£,7 ' 72.4M
r, 63.12.3 : 73.64,4
i 84.11,0 [ 74.79,5
J 6o.09j6 _7>.94.6^
'• 66.08.2' 77.09,6
I 67.06,8 , 78.24,7
j_68.M^6 JO..*.!, 7
'1 69.04,1 80. .54,8
70.02.7 ' 81.09.9
L71.q^4 82.84.9
72.00.0 Ii4.00,0
I 72.93,6 '■ 83.15.1
[J3.97.a I 86.30.1
, 74.95,9 "»7.46,2'
76.94,5 I
76.!e.2 )
77.91.8
1 78.90.4
_79.89,0 i
80.87, 7'|
81.86,3
I 88.II8.6
I mTITS
I 87.12.3
l_«8.J6.7
90.41.1
92.05,6
_93,69.9
96.98.6
98.M,0
160.27.4
: 101.91,8
J03^.2
106.20,6
I 100.84.9
Ij08^9,3
: 110.18,7
111.78,1
|J13J2^6
: 115.08.8
116.71,2
'J18.35,6
120,00,0
121.64,4
123.28,8
j 124.93,2
128.67,6
J28,21,9
129.^0
131.60,7
133.15.1
134.79,6
136.48,8
m.m^
139.72,6
141.37,0
143.01,4
144.65,8
146.30.1
147.01,6
149.68 .'9
161.23,3
162.87^,7
154.62,1
166.16.4
157.80,8
169.45.2
161.09.6
lli2.74.0
98.63,0 ,116.06,8 |l3i.60,7 lUTM^i'i'mMi
10
4.9B,2
lfM.9
J*-n.s
17.28,0
19.726
I 24.M,J
«712 8
_29.M,9
82.06,5
34.62.J
_36.98,6
39.46,2
_44.J8,4
46.84,9
49.81,6
_61.78,1
64."24T7
; M.7I,2
_69.i7,a
6) .6474
M.II.O
_M.67,6
71.50,7
_7s.^.a
76.43,8
78.90,4
_8K37,0
86.30,1
_88.76,7
91.a,3
; 93.69.9
;_96.JM
98.63,0
101.09,6
J 03.66,2
196.0277
108.49,3
110.96,9
2
U3.28,8
>;,"
Interest, ' t DAYS.— Continued.
im.
. 4'
'jf 1 1^
' lii't fsi
•V ' i
. I,
a
■at*.
MM
liN
MM
MM
S7M
MM
*7M
82.17,7 _7S.4».2!_
64.1I.U 'i6.U3,2|
W.34,:' 711.41. l!
««.57.a_79.8B.0,_
m.iu,» 111.37,0
6U.U4,I, 82.84,0
_70.27.4l_84.32.fi
'I.6d,7i 86.80.8 I
72.74.0 87.28.8 1
_78.W.8l_88.W.7! I
76.20.61 90.24.71*1
78.43.8 Bl.72.el I
77.67. l|_M.20.6l 1
M.OO.Il 84.68,6
80.18,7' 98.16,4
81.37.01 97.64,4
82.60, 3| 99.~12,3
83.83.6 100.60.8
102.08,2
To8:6872
106.04,1
108^,1
"ios.oo.o
109.47.0
nO.J)6.9
112.43,8
118.91,8
16.ffl.7
116.87.7
18.3S.6l
19.83,6
m.si.sl
122.79.6
J24J7.4
126.75..?,
127.23.3
130.19.2
131.67..
133.15.1
134.63.0
, 136.11.0
,8 J37^«.9
116.8!i;o 139.06.8
117. 12. .S 140.64.8
J18.J5.0 H2.02.7
119.68.9 143.60.7
120.82,2j 144.98.6
122. 05.51 14B.4b.B
123.28,81 147.94,61
IIS.17.8
^l»:Bl.t
117.81,8
119.88.8
122.06,6
124.27.4
J28.49,8
128.71,2
180.83.2
ja3.J6.1
136.37,0
187.68,9
JW.80.8
144.24.7
148.46,8
148.68,6
160,90,4
163.12,8
. 156.34.2
,6' Ifi' ^6,2
162.00.0
164.21.9
168.48.8
188.86,8
170.87,7
J73.09,6
176.1176
177.68.4
n9._76.3
181.97.3i
184.19,2:
18«.41,1|
l8S.H3,Oj
190.84,9
103.06.8
106.28, 8i
107.60.71
190.72.6
201.04.5"
2U4.16.4:
206.38,4
_iq_
12».71.8
lU.U.i
J88.J6,1
136.81,6
188.08.2
_140J4.8
148.01,4
146.47,9
J47.94,6
ISO.TTl
162.87,7
166.84.2
167.80,8
160.27,4
W2.74.0
187.67,1
170.18.7
172.80,8
I76.nfl.8
177.6d,4
Ilo.oo.o
182.48,8
184.M.2
13.5 208.60,3
8.7 210.82.2
7.0 213.04.1
4.2 216.26.0
1.6! 217.47.9
8jl 219.69.9
6,0| 221.91,8
187.88,7
188.88,8
182.82^8
"B4.T9,6
197.28,0
199.72,8
J' 19,2
20... 86,8
207.12.8
209.68,9
212.06,6
214.62,1
216.98,8
219.46,2
221.91.8
224.38,4
228.84.9
229.31.6
231.78,1
234.24.7
236.71.2
280.17.8
241. «4, 4
244.11.0
248.57,6
DkAINAOI.
DRAINAGE
•tatat. I. the fl„„ outcome of '„,„."' *■'"""" '»«. ThI.
leH.I.tlv. ..wrtoent. Tho.e lo ,„ "" " "'"""">" «nd
».«, »n,„„, ,h,„„„„ :"^; '°,'' "» ;m. a,., „, ,.„„..
K .r. .p, ,. ,o,„, ,^., Who h'T"' '" '""■"■"''' "■
■lo not know what wbi ii ii. . '" """inii- thf am
"J. .h. autx o,".;."c.' ^rto""; /' ""; "™'--" «»
«•«! la U>. .utute. ,nd not to ad ,1 ? '" ""' '""«"■««
t. m.r.1, bscuM It may .ecm '''^""""' »""> »ny part of
•lly lnt.rpre..d. Th.y have dtZL , „ T'"' '" "« ""«■-
Inoperative drainage by-law. Z! , . "' "■"'''■ "' 1«<:laro
oba^rve .ome o, the dIr«ro;y ^ro L 'o:""; '" " '"""e to
U" omI.,ion had not affected Z t °' ""' *'^'' "■""e
*"».-.e „„rp„„ o, „h , " "T'^' '""^^ hlth. and with ,h.
«"!.«.» f„. „. .trfct?.™;, „:;.'" ':;""• -"'-•«.i.«i.;
• clear departure from th? "" o„i.I, " "'"'■' '■'" "<""'
■t.<ute. the Court, will ,n,",l. th. h "''°"""'"" <" ""'
•up.rvl.ing the Inception con«r..M ' ""• '""' '"'"'» ■"
work. ha. been in.ru." dXo«e; T"! "'"''''™ "' "'■='>
"«« «ald. ",„ matter, of dral„'a„ ?."■"""" ""^^ '" ™»
•ature 1, to leave the mil "' "" """'■>' "' 'h<' L^Bls-
J'" 'ocalltle,. andterurrr^ld'r'' '" '^" '"'"-» »'
from. Interference, nnle.. thL t ""^ "'"'"' '" ■•"'■■aln
J»«U.p.tahle Mr,;. om'„X| '"" ° ■"""'""' "I
"Wrd of pe„„„, rtrta* "■• " "' """""M"! «.-
non.re,lde„t owner, aTsLVn ^T." °' "" "•''''""'"' a""
■»»'« roll, of the land, ,0 h' h *■ " '"■'' '■"•'■"^'' ",,„,,.
»orlbed in ,uch pe.Ulon l,,L"'*"' '" ""' "- a» de-
vmage, town, or' o,,":"'^,: ^„ " ""^ •"«■ N.. Inoorpora.od
-eo^forthedralnagey::::-"----;™-
5.53
r
DRAIXAOE.
of any s ream ", f '"""■''«"'°»' o-- o'herwlae improvCg
".". "XMi-rs.:;' " -t- "■••■■" »^
ing the land" to blLl,.^'"""' "^ '""^'"^ '" «^«''»=-
'ot. or upon the Irtofr ! ^'"'^^■"™' "Pon the whole
When reZe A" conncil the '^ ""'="''' "^ "" "-"■
make ni.„. I^ conncll, the engineer or surveyor shall
TloTtoL T'"^^"™' »»« 'detailed "„tlmZ- o
-nLTth: 'xTXn ":r" r° """-'-^ '■"'''^'
construction or renalr .h , '"'" '^°'^- ''"■" '■> the
the amount to be paid to the h" "' "'^""'^^ "'• ""
damages to land, ^1^ '^"'""'"I'e Persons entitled, tor
Include ai?s ch sums InT TT'""'" "■"=''^' '"'-' «•«"'
drainage workor oTthe rll "'»"""'*"'" »' '"e cos, of the
owner of land affe^ e, ,/ thTl^l ""' ■="'' "^^ ^- -^"^
to th. "Drainage HeTree" *„»","' """•" '*'"""■"
served upon the head o/'t. " "' "" "P"^"' "»'«' "«
hear and determine ^helppealTr' "" '"^ '^'""™ -"^
on his own view ot the .,rT, =""""ary manner, either
and their wi nisso, and "L"'' "'■"""" ""'"^ "^ """'"^
seems Just, .'non the fling o the T*^" "'" "' "> >"■"
of the parties nterested m^^^h T'"'"' " Beport,- each
amount of the .^^^^111%''°''^.''^ '"» <""" »' the
of the engineer or aurvev ''"■'' "' "'™- The report
after the m,ng or th pernio""^?' "''' ""-"> »'^ "■"-»»
=:.r;nr::;£"Lf^'--^~o^
w.t. the cler. of thl'^;^, -i/;. ^T c;:r.«U\-
ita ^mZZlTtZ'""'' "■" """"' -" "- al, "' "'"■'
«"<i the date Of ?hl' ""'""■''' '"""s Md ,„ ,r ^^ "■'""''•
an opportunity is „iv„„ , ' ""« meptint. of th„ '
borro" Int " "'"'"'•" "■""of " th. L '" "^ '"^"'■
- C be sir^', """""' 0" ">' o-a" ;;;■•"■ '»■ --' '-
.„j 7 s^raclent to pay for (h„ '" "innlclpalltv
a»« tor Issuing debenture^ of t, '"""■°" "'■ ">= CI
:?rtr^--^or^^r-/-^^^::
- "a:r:fr;u^-"^-- ^^^^^^^ "-'^ ™-
Any by-law passed by the o" ""= ""»' '-"^Hm/therlj
fo" not produce suffle.ent Z17V°' '"'' -"Po'e w b
to pay the coEt thereof Z , to compiote the won,
-- author^ed t^t l-s^::; tay'trt? "' '"--»-
'y from time to time be
555
nnAiNAOE.
amended by the council, and further debentures may be Issued
under the am,mdlnB by-law, In order to fully carry out the
Intention of the original by-law. Any drainage work, con-
structed under a by-law of any municipality, must after the
completion thereof be maintained by the municipality The
assessments to be made for repairs to any such work may
oe varied from time to time on the report of the assessment
engineer appointed by the oounci!. . Any work so constructed
may be deepened or extended as necessity may require
Ana any person or municipality Interested In a drainage
Tv.h H?'"™""""" "'".'nrlon8l,.(feet«d" by the work or
by he defective condition of the work, may serve a notice In
k„„ ,f r"™ "" ""°"^'P'>'"y ''"ose duty It Is to maintain and
Keep It In repair; and the municipality may be compelled by
m.ndamo8," Issued by the iieferee or by any other Court
or Competent jurisdiction, to perform the duties and to exer-
cise the powers conferred upon It by the Drainage Act
rersons who cause obstruction to such drains may be com-
pelled to remove the obstruction and make repairs Any
council may by by-law appoint an - JnspMtor of drains."
AS between landlord and tenant, an agreement by the tenant
hL », n "'"' ^"^ '" "='"'«' <" '"« •»°'i8 occupied by
Urn shall not Include the charges and assessments for any
proWdT. "'"'''' ■""''' '""" »^''"""" '" «==»■■«» terms so
"Tie Land hntai^e Act» of the Province of Manitoba
vlnlr«^ "' construction of all such drains by the Pr^
vlnclal Government The government can take the Initiative,
Whenever the government deems It tor the public benent
to dram reclaim or render flt for occupation and cultivation
any lands in the province, the government may organise
such territory Into a "drainage dirtrlct,- and may appoln "
the land "»""" '° """'^ " ""^"^ -<» «amirion of
the Zl m"^ .'".'^ ■■''="""""'■ """ " "'^^ "' -»certainlng
the probable cost thereof and whether the work. If performed
would be a public benefit When the engineer has exammcd
the land and made his report to the Minister of Public Worts
accompanied by accurate maps, plans, profiles, etc! Id ^
description of each parcel of land to be benedied, the
■'^^C
Minister of Publio vvn,i,
" tne government think it „a ,
Works, describing the Und and h "°"-""'""t of t'ubllc
.hereb/ '"''^ "«»'-' -" •>"-, „f tbe ,a„;,:';:' ^^ --J
"™ a lien upon the lands t„ ,>. '^"™° "ebentures
Parcel Is assessed. The dj,° "'\''»<""" tor whieh each
■"«'»t.l„ed .„d i.,, ™»^«^'»J «».en c«.„„e,ed „.„s,™ ^
--"-"inte Ss^ttlX"^"^'"- ~- con
"■•ovide that It Shall be iLfu??""'"'' ''"'"»'■» '»'t" Th" J
"y municipality to borrow ' '"' ""'"''='»>' council o?
munlcIpaLty for the nur^^ '^ "P™ »" credit of.h
or dyking work, rr^ "' co„strue.,„K loca, !»,
-iorlty in number o^ "e^"?' "' ' -"'■^■' "»^ bT"
assessment roll „f ,^ Persons shown by ih. i... °
--'ed witbirsuib' :r„-":;™? "> - owL'r^^rt:
as Is speclfled and described ?„ b, '"■'* °' "■" "'"-telpamy
'-« ".at the petitioners afe the'" w^ l';"/ "" "^ '■>°"-
"nors of assessed lands
I)II.H\A<1E.
or the ,a„s, .";,?r„;;r;;j° r'':/^,;"."""'""'"
'ake or pond h?2 ,° T'""' ■"""^""""■'. or of the
and may prt; t "a ' " . """' " '^ ""■'"""«'' 'o 'ower;
"• the Propo'd ;: r;:;l^'""""^» "> "^ "■■'■'^ °' t-e cos!
engineer or aurvel; Tttl TTT"' '° '"' ""•"= •"■ "»•■
stating the Portion of bene„. .1 "" '"°'°""' '""='"■•
each portion or paroe, of IL , , ""■'""' "■"'='™"'' "''
may. If it be deemed "L^ "" "^ """"' ""= ""»■ »»''
a by-law „r by. aw' to Z7 T ""'"''"'"'• '""'"""'" Pass
work or any pirt .hi f T "" """" ""' ">« P^Waed
visions With rega d „ ^ - "olan.e.s- contain pro-
the form of the by-l" thfr""'."'"^ °' "' assessments,
P'amts. by the Court !^?'«-^"'"^ ^■"' =»""°« "' <=»■»-
and other malLs Stan-??. "• "' '''"' "' debentures,
Ontario Munich' Dr^inl^fAc,' """^"""^ "'"'""-'"■ '" «■"
slmU'l'r/t'r.C'p"^'''''''''" "•• """"•f" Act Is
ings for the dralnat „7° "* "' '*''""<"'"• ^be proceed-
ana carried out b/. he Tubirw"!," ""^ "" "'^'""'^■'
province, upon the pl«tion hv ^ Department of the
owners. But the dm !1U^'^ ^ "*""' "' '"^ P™P«rty
tamed by the munlclpltle: " """•""^'' ""■"' "« --'--
ma'y" when^lTem's' il'':^ '"^ f "'"" °' ^"""^ ^orks
the Province, appoTn.L enZ'' ' ™''""'°' "" '"'°'' ""
or survey of thH^^Lity TZnn wTa"", '""""'"°"
mining the feasibility and cost „r .h " "" ^"'"-
dltch. The engineer th construction of such
district andCrirt \"rSsri„"';"r^''- "' '"'
a map or plan the nhvL, , J' "'"^ '"' reference to
Where the .^tch sho'nifb'e It'T"' °' "■= '°-'"^. and
the proportion of the cost to be . ^' ™" '"»«■"■ and
Of land to be benefl.ed The n ZTf r:,™' '™'^ 0""^'
tbe Department to proceed w^bTe^irCTf'rrh'
"KAJNAQE
a Notice „,A°lT "" *'"■ "■'^ •'■Tk Lf";;''""" "'«"-' "y
Of appeL ,X ""■ '"* — "-n, ',":: "'■^■*' ^'onr
"PPellan,; A. W^ZV;" '-« Vo^'om'Z^r' ''•""""
ttoe and place .„„. "*»• <■*»" all sun , '"' °' ""-
attend at the cwr""t'' "" "" appe ,a„ "'""""» "' ".'•
<=onstrucOo„ or*""!"'' " "« may thi' ""' "■"^''■■' ""ay
apply for ™™ '''°='" '■■om th^ h., , * """<''■ ot
-ee^Ukenorrnv"" '" '"^ '^^ wly a," V" t ''^-' •»
authorized to m^„^ "'"""' ^•>'l'. etc V,"""""' "ad
„ "■'» Ac. doe, no, ,,.,. ., . "' "" ''""»« "'Ontario.
"Woh will' ." •""■"""^ **"rt and t ' ""'■ "■« "n-
Which may ," , "' *"'»' wWcli will „ii°7. ' '"""rtie
The powei " "'" "« "P«»<l«ure of 1!!! ' '"''"■ »"«S -
"oo ofluch d^rl?"'" "' """""eTto a 2','"r "' """'^
w"r;^ r'- --xr„' -r'--- ---
'ta^tri^r^fT"''-''-"^^^^^^^^^
"ay be dug by !hl """"'> '<> '"b ag"em™, ^ '■"'°^='"«
"8 fj- the parties Interested! each ? "" '""^''
559
1^1 i''}\
DRAINAHE.
own portion of the work, without any Interference by or
a:!si8tance from the municipality, except where the muni-
cipality is a necessary party to the agreement. It 1b only
In cases where no agreement Is arriveil at, that the muni-
cipal engineer is called In to determine the rlghU of the
parties and supervise the doing of the work. The engineer
does not act as the representative of the council, but only on
behalf of the landowners affected. He does not make his
report to the council, and the council has no authority to
determine whether the work should be proceeded with or
not. Consequently the municipality Is not liable for any
compensation or damages arising from the carrying out of
the engineer's award. The assessments made under The
Ditches and Watercourses Act are In the first Instance for
labor and material, to be furnished by each of the parties
Interested in or beneHted by the ditch. It Is only In the
event of an owner making default and falling to complete
the share allotted to him within the time llml*id that the
Act authorizes the letting of the unfinished portion by con-
tract, and the cost is thereupon charged against the land
of the owner who has made default The Ontario Ditches
and Watercoarses Act wbh rerlHed and consoltdated in 1919.
It sa;'" " The owner of land who requires the construction
of a ditch thereon, may serve upon the owners or occupants
of the other land to oe affected a notice In writing signed
by himself, naming a day and hour and also a place con-
venient to the site of the ditch at which all the owners are tj
meet, and estimate the cost of the ditch and agree if possible
upon the apportionment of the work, and supply of material
for construction among the several owners according to
their respective Interests therein, and settle the proportions
in which the ditch shall be maintained. The notice must be
served not less than twelve clear days before the time named
for the meeting. Any owner of land who has been served
with such notice may within five clear days after service of
the notice on him apply to the Judge to set aside the pro-
ceedings on the ground that the person who served the
notice Is not the owner, etc. If an agreement Is arrived at
by the owners, It Is put Into writing and signed by all the
owners, and filed with the clerk of the municipality. The
560
iii-!
DRAINAGE.
=^:;;:;:/r:.-— ifiv—'-
rr^r^rj^ss't^r^P-
made the requisition, and he la reonlr.H . ?.
p:::u^rreSe;~----^
CONDITIONAL SALES
p^r." 'lit T" """' """"""»''*' =" p '- "
conditionia «U«.» Such transactions are ovW,.„ced kv '
agreement In wriUng called a -receipt ....e-r-ll^™
c.ft.t,» or ««ue iwrwment.- or It may b' caPed b^ Tv"
other name. Such agreements usually pro' Jen that Z
proposed purchaser to whom the possesln of til arUcle 1^
delivered, shall pay for the same by ren.lar monthlv „
quarterly payments, and that the «««.e "oHh Id
2) Thr.n d 1° Tr"'"- """" '"^ ^--^ are'paid7or
sh.ll t '" **'^"" "' W^^nt of any Instalment, the owner
Shall have the right (a) to retake possession of the arUcle
-4t ™„'rltau''''^^°'f """"' "' " """""^ - '>-'^'^^'
i„T, ? "''"'" ■" "■« J"-''^*' "» te "■-at all of the
instalments as having become due, and to sue for the whole
ev^Trirb""'"'^ "■"'""'■ '"' '" '^»^" ""^ ""^■'^ a wha !
orlJ^n^f I ™"' °'"*"' '"' """ »»■""■ »"" to charge the
original purchaser with the deficiency ta price. If any, and
,, ' ^"" r" agreements are not alike, each company has
Hs own form, but most ot them contain the provisions above
mentioned or some of them. In tl. Province of On»«H tte
fiGl
m
4
#
M>
loxurnoNAL sales
In writing and '■ signed by tho piirchaaer " or " hirer," or by
hU agent; and that a true copy shall be " flied " In the Offlce
of tlie County or Dlktrlct Court in the County or Diatrlct
"where the purchaser or hirer resided" at the time oJ the
sale, otherwise the contract shall be invalid aa against any
person who purchases the article from the person In whose
possession It Is, without notice. In good faith, and for valu-
able consideration. The copy of the contract must be so
flIed within •' ten days " after Its execution. As between
the Immediate parties to it, the contract is valid without
filing a copy.
The Ontario Act further provides that where the delivery
Is made to a " trader " or other person " for the purpose of
resale" by him In the ordinary course of his business, he
shall be deemed the owner of the goods. If the provisions of
the Act are not compiled with. But where the trader or
other person resells the goods In the ordinary course of his
business, the "property In and ownership of the goods"
passes to the purchaser, notwithstanding that the provisions
of the Act have been compiled with. Registration Is not
reuulred where the contract Is in respect of manufactured
goods. Including pianos, organs or other musical Instru-
ments, which at the time possession Is delivered have the
name and address of the seller or lender painted, printed,
stamped or engraved thereon, nor to a contract respecting
household furniture other than pianos, organs, etc. The
seller or lender must " deliver a copy of the contract to the
purchaser" or hirer within twenty days after the execution
thereof.
The seller or lender Is required to furnish to any pro-
posed purchaser or to any other person Interested, who
makes a request In writing, within " Ave days " after receiv-
ing such request, particulars of the amount remaining due
to him and the terms of payment. If the "request" Is
by letter, giving a name and post offlce address to which a
" reply " may be sent, the reply may be given by registered
letter deposited in the post offlce within the time above pre-
scribed, addressed to the person enquiring. The Act fur-
ther provides that where the seller or lender "retakes"
possession of the goods, for breach of condition, be shall
retain them tor twenty days, and the purchaser or hirer
CONDITIOXAI. «ALt..s
'"ay redeen them within ii...
""• "« ""■ »eller or lender Intendl, "'""'' """"I"
h.T' T h""" '" "^ "'"Can r„: : ;-^, '° «■„ „„r-
Intended „ie •• ha« been given to the "''"'"'■■ "' the
•>'- >ucce.,or In lntere.e The not?! ""■■'""""■ '"■ ""■- or
"onally. or be left at the re.We^oe or T" "" "■■"'" """
abode of the purchaser or h „"„/', """'" "'«« of
•flve day, before the 8ale,"Tr ,he no.^ """"°' »' '«"'
registered letter posted at leas^ " ,1 ,"' "">■ "" »™t by
TWa provlalon must be com^Ldw.h" ' ''''°^° ''"-■''•■
»'»"« in the agreement to the co^r./ """""""""" ""y
have been affixed to the realtv ° ''' ""•'''" "■« Boods
^iS-ts Of the seller .. lenerbutte ""''"' '"'"'''' '° " «
or any purchaser or mortgagee has thr,"';"' "'' "•"" """>■.
a~c:^:her"-'^^-:=rr
sa'sr re: r-r;:- -- -^ a .o„,„„„,
eomponen, part of any other Acl reiatln.f ',"" '"* " - "
and Chattels, the general pur^se and . '° "''"' "' ^'""'b
Jn 'o:.i?:^zrzToiTZ:r ^'^- -- - »"-
^ate delivery and foUoTed ° by In a?"','™""' "' '"■-■
oSange of possession, whereby it, "' """ •"""""ed
property In the personal chat'e „' T'^ "" ^'■'" '"^
bargain for the sale and a lien th ' ' '" "■" «"= <" a
portion thereof. Is to remain 1^ y^" '°' "" P"-'^" ■"• any
to b<re, until the Payment rnfu'^Tr"'""'' "' '^"'"«
be In writing and signed by the lr„ .. "' "'"'■ ""="
™ent with an affidavit verffj-fng th " '''" """'■
the office of the Beglstrar „? ,^ ""'""■ """" "e Sled In
Di»trtct In Which the ctteis are w? '" '"" "<•«"''>,,„»
Of the agreement, oth"rw "th' """ °' ''''^ ""''"-
creditors shall he null and 'vol, ,77'"^ "' '"^'"-t
-ea from one registration rtrJto" an„— cZy^i
I I!-)
fONDITIO.NAl, BALKS
rHEv^r "-"-"••■'.■•"=:;.=■■
rcfde. at l^'l'' '" "" """'' '" *"'»'- ">• P"ch..,r
.>..-■■ ' "" "" P"«ha.e, within fifteen day> from
I cr'dtroV "^ l"""'"- " '"""" """"'" "■" '» «-
vendor tor aTr.""" "•• ■"'■•" """■" • 1™«nd upon th.
Igreement .h ""'™'" <" "" «■»<>"»' i"' "nder the
orf tt . , 1m ""°"'" »'«'e-™t, and In default he .hall
ha/ retnie?"'" "' ?"""' "'«"' "'O""'- Where the vendor
iw^n.v H ■^""""'-n <" the chattel, the purcha.er ha.
rie'tT^'" "i""" '" """"■• »"" "'« ^y -""^e o
th. f ^^f PosMMlon. Where the chattel, are affixed to
hal nottc"'""""' "■" """"» "-■«'" 0' "■• vendor the^
T^ h ^! ° """ "'"™'' ""' "" o"-" of the Malty
rin^Tue'tLr "• ""'■' •""" ""'""'■ " -^■■" -^^
«f ^^rrrothir'sr.^^rtnrr^d^nr.re
«hen he term, of the contract are In wrIUng rtg^d by
he bailee and duly flled. In ca,e of manufacL'd ^d^
Pany-ZV;" •''T" "' "■•' --'-turer or «„dTl.'
»ll consutite' r'"; "•..'"""P^" " -f^^ved thereon, that
bailee The '!„.„." 'J '°. ""=' '■""'" """"» ''«> the
Zr. , Tv r '' '"""'' "" sPPllcatlon to give a .Ute-
I. the ProTl««. of Q„,b«s conditional .ale, mv be made
with .„ ^ox^niosAi. gA„;, —
*lth th. ritllt ot redemption a.
I. » . ■"" """ "-"" the K^r """'*■" 'hat the
lltlonal Sales Art but It „', ""•'■*«''«o lli.re i, . p„
'o the vai„e of l?5 .„h '^ """""'» '" tin. „.,„„' ^°"-
i.r™iVe ,?:??' " '- '""'"'■■ <" th « , r7 '"■" '""
o -ale „e registered, within ";^"'?""::f'«- and bm^
dll?., ° *°°'''- " ">» good. ar?H„H '™"""'dem-
th «?d ' T" "' '"» »«t™c? must t'"'"' '" ""^ "'">''■•
emo'ved-C" "" "■"" o'-ch r. te?; 'Ifr:"^" *"",n
uiuvea from one dlfirri#<t » '"'"very, jf the Kood<i f>r«
-nt m , re^lst:^'..'". -« ;- a c„„, -r the .' .t !
aays. a "renewal" must he ni ^ ^ '''■"■ "ItSIn "sixty
""•"ceding the expiratton of ^', " *■'""» ""«»' days nex^
vendor retakes possession i * ""^ '»"' ""^wal. i, .?:
-re's ^T- "-'Vurhr; a^ch":::: 'r r "'""" '-» ^
su.h '" """""■>' n>ay be mlr " "'"''' '" ^"''"'cbe-
CONOITIOXAL Ul,i:(
1.'!?*!'*' " "<a'»T" for olwtMU, flrra hj uy bM— of
ctulttli. whero th. condlUon of th« l»llm«nt I, .uch tbit
an poiMMlon" of the chalt.1 •hall pu. without uy
ownonhlp " therein belag acquired by the bailee until the
payment of the purch«.e money or iodm itlpuUted part
th.r.0 .hall be void a. agaln.t any .ubaequent purcha«r
or mortgagee of .uch chattel, without notice In good faith
ror valuable con.lderatlon, unle.. a true copy of any lucb
?r«"/;r"" ""'" "'' "'"■" '" "■• <"«" <" «» County
Court of the dUtrlct In which the property I. .Ituate not
ivtfc » " ''*«""'•'"" <«»>■« «'•" delivery" of the good.,
or the nr.t portion thereof, to the bailee or conditional pur-
T^^,„ f°" *''° '■'"•'" ""' ""» ■" *^' "" "■"- of
a conditional .ale must furnl.h full Information re.pectlng
balance, due. ten... of payment, etc., within live day. after
^f.T'lJ '.v""'" *"" • ■""'"""''' >'"<=>>a.er or per»n Inter-
com!.,.. I "'■"'''"■ ""'»''"" Po-'BMlon for breach of
condition he • must retain the article. ,o taken for twenty
day. before resale," during which time the vendee may
redeem, u„o„ paying the amount In arrear. with lntere.t
value of 130, live day.' notice " of sale muat be given, which
may form part of the twenty days above mentioned. Good,
neld by the purchaser under a conditional .ale, the title to
Which has not yet pasted to him, are only liable to distress
for rent due by the purchaser to his landlord, to the extent
of the actual Interest of the purchaser.
Ill the Province of Allierta no sale or bailment of
roods of the value of |15 or over provided or con-
dlUoned that any right of property or poaaesslon is to
remain in the seller notwithstanding that the actual posses-
sion of the goods passes to the buyer, shall be effectual as
against any purchaser from the buyer of such goods In good
faith for valuable consideration, unless such sale with such
agreement or condition is in writing signed by the bailee or
his agent and registered In the registration District or Dis-
tricts in which the buyer resides, and in which the goods are
delivered in accordance with the statute, " within thirty days "
from the Ume of the actual delivery of auch goods to the
s J :i i! '
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
^"■•pi.nr,. „( "ij" Sir
.Jew. !,..» ,„ „,„„^ ="3
•'".'i'""""'''" ■"""■»"..«""
Aer<.pl,„„ ut
ASriSi '•""••- .i.-^:; »^
Al.nci«, . "•■ 243. S5B
^■enpy 202
Aki.1', li.biii,; Ta, 141
;J^;^, -.....,.,:,.■„;•;:; ;;j
■^i"hip« . T«
aiiered (money) **
^^r^' i^-^ii'- ■■■•■■ "
•'••■Itnment „t «;' '" ■ »"3
A"i«nmenl of nj! ">""»i-' 27«
.;..l|!nn..„,., !.",.."■";•»«• 281
Auction . "" 'onus 147
Aaiiupaitrc • ■ ■ • 854
Alio™,,,, ;„,„, '"""Inrf . ,82
Aulomobr ,. p.",' "' '""I'Titj- 351
liatHlitx
■ 133. 1
"' dnl,!
31»,
fir , ' ' •
lUtl ,
Miir 1,,,,;^ ■
"•"" '"P„„.il ,
ll«ilnifiit, ■
Batluuna
B.iik .-hwi,, .... Y ,
"•"k intu ■'■'" ""■
»«nk Jl.,„„,„ UK.
i'2"t".' ".r;';","' '?'"•••■
Uiiikin, ,„j„ ."
naiikriiptFv
«"'ik. ,„i ,,.„j,
Hunk.. ln,o]„„, '
grvr-"'
1 Si? Mjroii.
'.'V ;„!■;'■,,•■•»■»' -."H.
""■™ meanure
"""^d "f in-M.irv ;.
irruntN ,
Breach o,' „„,„,,
Brfarh ;( ,„„
Bri''kH. hiiu- t.. fii„l . . 1 '
(or wall , "'"' """il'sr
Br.'.k.n"""': '"'"' '■'""■""'"«
Bniidi,,, ™iir,;,;
i!;;f" "I'l"
Builil.r«, Uct, l,„ ., ■■
«;;"me..",M,„,.vi(,;;
110
Immi
m^
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
PAOZ
BusineiB correapuu.'ence . , 34
Buiiness dfctioniiv . . 51B
BDiineia habits g],
Buatneaa w»yB, how to teach
Buaineas edncatlon .... 17
Bualneaa lettera, examplea o( 42
Buaineaa maxima 20
BnaiDSM operiHona. rulea aiid
•x»mplfla tor 414
Buaineaa, anccsaa end .... le
Bnahet, legnl 84g
Buahela, how to find number
'n fe*n 851
CABLES, aubmarine .... 201
C»B»d«, map of 575
Cancellation, to compute in-
tereit by 422
Capacity or eontenta of gran-
ary, to find 844
Capital atock ( corpora! lona) 168
Oapltals, mlea for ase of... 29
Carda. buaineaa and visiting 69
Card Bwindlers' tricks 098
Carefulneaa in money matters 28
Oarpentera' ntlea 492
Carrier, private (op hire . . . 151
Carriers, common 188, 187
Carriers' Hen on goods ... 139
Carrying capacity of tile . . 849
Carrying trade 193
Cask a, how to meaanre con-
tenta 443
Casualty inaarance 290
Ob at iron, comparatlTe
strength of 446
Catholica, nnmber of 491
Cattle tables 849
Cattle, weight of 84«
Cattle, right to drive off . . . 820
CaT«ats (Patents) 299
Cenaua of Canada. 1911 .. 479
Census, the British, 1911 . . 500
Century of progress 478
Certificate of naturaliiatlon. . 294
Certified check ^14
Change, tricks In making . 399
Charcoal, amount bin will
hold , 487
Chattel mortgagea 229. 241
Chattel mortgagea. sales 01, 247
Check, atopplng payment of lie
Checks, certified 114
Checka, forma of 114
Checks, Indorsing 115
Checks, forged and raised. . m
Checks, preaenting no
Cheques (see checkel ..109, no
Chriatians, denomination of
in U. S 491
Ctiristlan acientists, number of 491
PAQB
Circulation, amount of money
i° zotf
Ciatema, to find contents of 44t
Cltisenahip and anffnge . . . aoi
Civil Law. divialona of ... . k
Civil liat of the King 49s
Civil proceedinga 0
Civil service, method Of »d-
ditioo 40f
Claims against estates of de-
ceased persona a07
' Clearing a vessel
Clerk, contract with 84
Coal, how to find weight of 487
Coal, table showing value of 488
Oo-debtors 74
Codicils to wills .'. 172
Coinage of nations for 1910 471
Coins, value of foreign .... 469
Collateral notea m
Collecting notea 88
Collection (banking) 105
Collection of debta I77
Commerce 15
Commerce, trade and 198
Commercial agency 202
roramerclal arithmetic 405
Commercial ratings 202
Commission, to find the ... 414
Commission merchants lOj
Commisaloner of immigration 292
Common carrlera 133, 187
Common law 4
Company law , ',[[ jsg
Companiea, limited 161
Compensation 128, 188
Complement rnle (Commer-
cial arithmetic) 409
Compound interest not col-
lectable 421
Compound Interest, poaBlbtll-
„ *'" o' 428
Compromiaes (hankroptcyj . . 155
Conditional Indorsement . , . 94
Conditional aalea noi
Condolence, letters of 69
Conductora, railway 18S
Congratulation, lettera 01 . . «
Congregationaliste. nnmber
o' 491
Conalderatlon (contrrcta) .72, 261
Consideration (deeds) 805
Constitutional law 5
Contents fx.
Contracts, eieruted ..'.".... fi
Ccnlrarts, implied 72
Contracts, law and forms
^ «' 77. 248
Uontracts. minora' 72
Contracts, mutual 71
ContraclB, of record 72
Contracfa, aimple 71
Contracts that must be ' in
^'■'""P 76. 249
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
^„„,™°," ""J '" "»' l«wiul 7»
Cm„c„, Mil.ter,l ... ■• 4?
tontrictB, Tolnnurr 4«
comipondMc, ■.■.;;■ '"?
Corrmpondeoc, ou.Ib.u ' " ' If
Oort..pondeiic« .oc'.l " 51
cwjit, pofncyoi ■::.■::•■•■ fj?
cnMom, d„„„ .....;;:;; J»»
D™,.nd .„d p.,»;„r ,'^-: ^'O
Deportation . . -°S
ar°o^\\?. ■■•-'"■■■■ s
""«.";."'' ''""'■'■■-•ion ■ oi "'
DWIonarr' of' kbbr^l.lioo' ' ' !»
dfffprent poinlR ^.^g
l>i"««nc, i„ l,u,i,K.„
O'ccior. „( b.nk ^2
^l"!-"!!. of „:-,- .01
DitcDunts ■ ■ -15
DUcrimln.tii;; ; j ■ . ■ ■ ■ • • ■ ■ J15
DUUnces and („,.;;""■ ■ '"*
world '" '""
Dl.i.io. ,e„™"°". Hi
|oS..7,?''pte^ °' ■"•■""• '"
Domicile . . * ^^*
Can«da, gVv
291
483
171
DomioioQ
; enimentB, ^„-. .
Draiia,' "«• 121
D^hooe.. ■..•;— ■.;;"''
Duo bills MO
Duties of tPnnnr '
Dulles, „ r.,'..-- '""
^rnms
199
2.51
EAKNEST monrv
fduc.tlon. bn.mV,,
Kxpculion of d,,a
Eduoation.l ,;■„,„
Employer and pmpIoreV
Eleetopal vo,„. „„„^„ „,
Kndorsooient, of „o,es .,
f.nforeomeM of |,w . , " 'I
Rnsurance „_*
Envelopes, style, if ' ; "'*
Envelcpe swindle . . ' oji
Epseopalians. number of ' «:
Equity of redemption . . Ij}
Erasures in e„„,r,e|, . . ■ ■*;:
E«ero» (deeds) . . "
?."t's"t','.'- /'""" ■"'"»'■ •■: s"
"'■ou'o,''"""' •■"' ■"•"">»-
E..i„.«n, messure. ;::::: l°i
Exerutlon ■.■...■.■.■.■..■.■,»:„, «;
' Can«d« 48fl
263
481
.MMi!
;.']ii
(hi! ' !
liilll
jiii 'I .
AlPHABETIOAL INDEX
I'AOK
E»jru.U,„. ,„forH„g p.j.„„,
sS'tSi •'<"'"•■■■ '»■■ f°{
B"pr.M comp,„i„ :.. lii' J„
Expreu money order. >«
Ext.ndi,„ ll„'. „('p:.meni' 12
E"de..r. direct „d" cS-
Gr.in Ublei 851356
Ureen Koods swindle 892
Grocer'e table ^gg
Grocer's retail rule ' " 43H
Guaranty ^60
stantlal
78
FACTS about money . . ...
Facta and fipire, ' "?
Pacta lor Lnmberm.n «?
Fact, (or Builders •"
Fares,
Fares.
Yorlc
Farmers' Club
Farm hand,
railroad from
railroad from
Uiusiro 478
New
475
•rm hand, contpoct (orhiV '"
Farm lia'sVs .Ji
SnTiaiV"" "-"">'"■■■ it
Fence viewers . .' .' J}l
Fence, amount of bsrh' wiri
required „..
tinder of I„„ property ...; a"!
F nde, 01 note, „,,„ „', "J"
Fire msurunce ,,76 „S?
Fiilures . , "''■ %'.',
Floating secnritr ?«T
Floorlnf e.tlSils ' i .' i?|
F-oSlS" cTeS "'-',• °'"»'i
FMctt"-..----: ^:
Franklin's maxim. I ; JJ .
Fraud, theft or robbery (Pro-
misaory Notes) , . " a.
Friendship, letters of SZ
""""■*■ S<":I«J- of, nnmhe; 49I
I HABITS o( buainesi men . , , . 21
Holder* o( note jn good
faith gjjj
Hog and cattle i,muI« . . 349, 8S0
Holidara in Canada agi
HoUdara, working on 882
House Ieaa« ggj
How a contract ihonld be
written g2
How to become naturaliied' 298
How to become wealthy , . an
How to collect debts 177
How to foreclOBe a mortgage 218
How to form a partnerahip. 158
Huaband and wife 818
ILLEGAL contract! 78
Immigration | * .' .' 291
Immoral contracts 79
Import and Export .'.V 198
Improvemenia on rented pru-
perty 259
Indenture deed 75
Indorsement, letters of ... .
Indorsement of checks, forma
of
116
Friends. ^
Krau/fulcnt
(Checks)
108
laws
Newfound-
GAME
land
Garnishments for suing gar-
nishee ^ga
Gene,-.i average (Shipping): 380
uiiis. legal 322
Gold and aflver, the world'i
production 471
Good advice t.. tenants .'.'" 244
Govemor-Generols of Canada 499 '
506
Indorsement of notes 94
1 Indorsers, liability of (Pro-
miasory notes) 87
Indorsing cheeks 115
; Industry and integrity I8
Injury to passengers (R»II-
, V^B* ■ ■ ■ 182
Innkeepers for what respon-
^ •">Ie 152
Ink, what kind to use 54
Inks, how mixed 461
Tnlnnd bills gOQ
Inland carrying trade i9B
inHBne persons. liability i!4T, 332
Inspection of steam boilers. 338
Insurance 276
Insurance, find cost of 419
Intention, in contracts 72
Interest j^v. 108
Interest, legal points ri>ti-
ceming 420
Interest. lightning method of
calculating 421
Interest, how money grows.. 428
Interest, when a note bears. 89
Interest tables (daily) 519
paqb
■ ■ ■ ,8Sl-856
802
488
488
266
men . , . . 21
n good
88ft
■ . 349. 860
881
> 882
881
inid be
82
rallied. 298
ly ail
177
lortgige 218
erihlp. 1S8
816
78
291
79
198
d pru-
259
76
47
formi
118
94
(Pro-
87
118
18
183
)tpon-
158
54
461
866
.... IBS
^47, 332
ilers. 388
276
41tf
72
108
••■"■
420
<\ ol
421
42S
urn.
89
519
ALPHABETICAI, INDEX
PAOB
Invluilon, »'-.<7, go
•!
•'"^tmeiil (Km,; 198
JM^"°"' "»»«i'o'„"oi fSJ
KINO •nd l|„„| p,„,|^
' l'iiibilit.v. ],.,,,,^^
I direct i"curnntf
I ;'i"i;>«ii .uiu,,",;; <»
H'"" 'i""it. ,1.,,,^ '»«
■ l.i«billly „i ],.,'"''"•""•" il ts
j Lmbiiitj- «t ruilr, ;;* .;, j' ■ ■ ■ >5I!
K:!^y^.°C=- :::::; 'I?
Wen, carrier's *^9
l-iien upon bohA,," '.^ 139
, »i»n merrham", ^^«»"'*-
J' jns. variuus kinds i.i ^**'
•-"'p politj- 280. 287
Loans . . , 10«
[.fl
reduced
measure
hoard ^„,p
r^osa or injury"^ k„ ■ "' *^^
carriers , ^ ommon
Ijogt notes 189
t""'.',"?""' «"''"■»'■.■■■ all
„7 . ■"^, """•bip, Jetteri
I'Unatic " ' 6B
'"'"'»">•". '.«. f„.
Le«Be« . 258
LeBBBB, fBrm 25fl. 281
''•^•1 BiftB . 8<4
''«nl holid.yB ■ : H2
L.w^h,nd.,B. ..i^beVB ■.,: "=
Lewi ten'der' Vsm'bI:."!.'."; ^"'
parta of °^
'oiding of" ■:;;"■■• it
bnaineas .
■pecial poini," ■„ ' '
openiDf
examples of
•»' Introduction
°; "'"mmond.lion.'
»' •PPlicallon
•oci.l ." JJ
of Beection ; ?;
«' friendBhlp . ' ' „
"I fon,rBlnP.llo„ ' ! Jo
oj introduction
oj condoienre
"' Jo»o .nd coilri:
, """™ "liBtered . li:
'""•"• 'P'riBl dollvor, • : . . Ill
running
■elling.
88
51
MANURE
MBnufBduro. itroVlh n.
Mbp of r.nidi ' ' ■ ■■ '»»
M»rine insurance J"
M>rk, „,^d „ Tri?i„°"""^ '»'
printing '""» ""''
te'l"™'"' ""•"'ni';." -?
"jarred women, codiclln «>
Marr .d „„„e„ .?||, „',• "'• •
M«>-rl.d women ^V' •"
Married women
Perly of
MajTled women. h„w .bouii
Biffn her nnme . " ,
Marahali Field's 'k»'- " '
ml.. """ » buBinei
les by.,
PprBonal pro.
244
»7S
171
SSI
346
80
Maturity, ir.nVfe;
after
Maxima, frankli,,'','
Meaauremeuf of i^nd
24
■148, 38.5
440
Mwlnja. public oouduclin.
Memoranda
1912-1918 . ni
ill
'i:}i\
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
PAOS
Menior.ndum in »,iun, .78. 240
HmcMtll. .„„„■ 355
."S""°"""° " '■■■"■
"oior v.hUi;;' :,■.■■ "j
Metric •y.tcm . J"
MUchUTOu asinuli '.'. njo
ni^tt T°!""!. " ""I'lplV.' 4»I
Money, (icti .bout . ija
Money lende,, .„ ""
Mon.,, m,t,e„, „„h„„,„
Mon.;.' matileiei ' ..j ,i^ ^'
Mono,,' v.i„eof Vo;.i,i' .' .' ! ! <u
Morel couren . . iS
Mortme. .',....: "
""'«•«••■ "el euete. '.Hi; aij
Mortmee. chet... . . . . ""' |Jf
Mortgejoe, Newtoundl.nj Jorme
Mnnicipti L»w !!:;; g
Uatllated money ia?
Mutual u»et ....;,.;:;.";; ul ,
H.
ihould ■im g2g
NMe. OM of in pMtne„hip. 158
N«m« when sfaottld b« ctrned
in full ■ Q».
N«oJi.bllity of note. ...::: lH
Nautical meuur«ment ... 4*7
Navy, the BHtiah In 1912 407
NeceawHea fnrnlibed, IJabliity
'0' ' 2S1
Newfoundland. hiatorieV " «nd
itatiaticB of 50-
Normal achoott .... j«a
Notea. forma of gSS
Note, proniaaory Jz
Notice to quit (Undlord and
^*""'"' 258. 263
O.
OATH of alien {Natarallia-
tfon) vuu
Ocean diatancea 474
Offer to bny or sell '.\ 73
OfllcerB and employees of rail-
Ordan "J
Ort«ri,. forms of S?
Option , J
PAIXTIXy. ruiei for . 'JJJ
PaptT, Hisa and atyU . . ' ba
Paper, slaa in iochea .ai
Parcel Poat " " SM
Parents, righta and obiim-
tlona of • -1-
''""•°»»'>t« of Canada aince
loo" .«4
Partial payments ' " gi
Partnership, different Hindi
of ji;.
Partners, indiTldDaf ' dVb'ta
of j^_
Partnera, sulta between ".'." is«
Partners, authority of ' isfl
Passengers, injury to " 132
Patent fence awindle not
Patents Soi
Pawnbroker's Hen . . 248
Payment, letters reqaestinc' '. '. 51
Payments (Hortgaraa) .... 232
Payment (Sale, of Peraonal
Property) „,«
PedMtrlana. rlgbta and dntl»
penauiM':.';;:::;; 555
Pens, most aaltabla ... 54
Performance (Contracts) ' gi
Perishable fooda (Tranaport-
' ation) ,»g
Personal property, aalea of!'
T, 347, 353, 286
Personal property, wills 169
Pastenn». facts eonceralng. 448
Plowing '
Policy, insnranee .'.''.'.'.279' 077
Poll, deed -..^.O, 277
Population of eitlea of v's,'. ' 433
Population of towna and eitlea
of Canada 47g
Postal information ' 373
Postal, rules for writing "a"' 41
Postage, domestic rates of. a74
Power of attorney 144
Power of attorney, forms of! '. ill
Power of aae (Kortgagea) 214. 242
Practical law and bnatness
pointerH jjj
Preferrpd Rtock (OorpoVatlVns'l 1B4
Freaentment of note . . 361) P8
Prima-facle OTidenee aBc
Probate of wills 106.' 172
Produce, minimum rates of.. S48
Profit and loss . . . 410
Progress, a century of .'.'.'. 478
Promissory notea, facta and
forms of gA
Promissory notes, forma' of * ' 90
Promissory notes ontlawed . . 188
Proof of multiplication In tea
■econds 409
Property, re. ' " 192
Property, personal ' 252
Protest (Promiasory notes) Mb 87
•«I
Sfig
816
4t)4
04
158
IDS
150
i5e
182
897
298
s. .
483
litlfll
.479
8Ta
1. .
41
of..
U74
144
145
2U
242
ni^n
SIS
onni
184
Hill
. fa
sec
io«,
172
84S
418
478
and
8«
It..
90
..
188
tm
409
192
2S2
««b
"
AlPHABETIO.
*[. INDEX
P40I
J^'Hc „„„„„ °* "•
pabiicpoM., (,co.,„«.,:: ,"
Panctnatlon ®^*
•^""'"•■■"food.!. b.ii:: J"
R-pid mo.tipn«„„ ;;;_ "'■ JJ*
marking
i
■fenti tot b7
R«pid methodi
rooda
Rktlllcatlon of
principal
K"d). «cko'„„„bi,.;:-- lit
B««lprop,rt, '"
R«.on.bi.„„. ,c,„,-;;- "I
Receipt of ,„„j, "'"'•■ "b
B'Mipl.. form. „i "
»«com»»d.tl„„, „„„,,,••■• J»
«';;^«». d...J:r..v,'"
491
Riih
R'»k. inmranc. ^^^
R*v«r.. io„,„j ■ 2", 279
R^ad". petition for iavi«-" ' " *''*
"d changing '"'""«"'
Koida. lawn .,„ " - 384
a-'t-lBIES o, „«„.,. „
countriea
«•''•« (swppi.,;;:::-'"'"
8«»pi., ,o.d. „,d t 'II
250 S«p,
Sohoole. pnblic
aenate of Cao.d. "
achools .
0.8.
"-i.. ho. p.,.,;,,
R..p.».ibim, ofi.do™„ •■ ,"
"w. .f.-..„bi„: ::::::; j"j
Shipping ■•'8
Signature ^^^
"?p''."* ""'■""■"■■p.p"' ''
IProo,,,,,,. xoi„) .
'""•"■'. of p.r... •.„ "
cannot write
Sinfic ,„ 32«
a'«i»., ru,.. for numb.,' „i"'
•'•'•a reouired . ...
?"•». Ii«. of' perpetual "
«P.;;.c_^ performance ,.„.
Stain and territorlea '.■.:.■."■ ,"
aiatut, of Fraud.
3'atute 0/ linitaii,
to run.
478
481
76, 78, 248
"'One. t„jin.
Steam b„iler,. I„,p,ci,„„
■81, 18S
of 838
:"iii!i
|ii!
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
paob
"tiling ^«rhMn|[o labl*. 125. 128
8 onswork, ,„t. concerning 446
Stoppag,, in tr»n.ltu ^53
Stopping goodi or, the »., to "
parch.MP j3
onb-agentB
Sob-let tenwf. right to" 2S9
8iibiD.rine telegraphy 20I
Subtcription,, toe I.w of a84
Subten.i.t (Landlord and Ten-
„ •"*' 258. 258
ouccei In buiineai
Slice .Mion duty act
Sai.ig partnera
aiiita by and again.t corpora-
tlona
Summona
Sandaya and bolidaya (Prom
iaaory Notea)
Superintendent
tion
, Tnxfa and taxation ' X75
Tcai'hert, employment and
"I»ry of 190
Telegrapba 200
Tenancy, raHou kind* of . , 264
Tenant, righta of 359
Tenant! in eomnon 193
Tender (Contraeta) §2
Teatator j^j
Three card moste 399
Tile, carrying capacity 349
Tile, weight and area of $43
Timber, comparative atrength
0' 4111
308. 489
156
164 ;
immlgra-
Surety
Surety. liability of bankmptL!
Swindling contract and note
Swindling achemea
TABLE, hoga and cattle 349. 850
T«ble of things, diataneei.
booka. etc ^^^
Tables for builders
Tnblej
Tablei
446
for lumbermen 452
ot wages 429
Tables, ready reckoning 433
Tablea showing the number 01
bushels and odd pounds m
load of grain 352,
Tables showing value of arti-
cles sold by the ton 433
Tank and barrel measurement 444
Tanks, tables for finding con-
tents of
Tariff, excise ....'.'....
Taxation, act respecting
Tax, to And a property
Taxes, where tenant 1
pay
Time, difference of in princi-
pal ciltea 475
Times at dilTerent polata . , 473
, Title. 35
180 I Title to land 194
; Ton, buying and aelling by the 488
88 Torrens land ayslem 335, 387
1 Town lots, rules for meaaurlng 4fl6
292 i Trade and commerce 193
71 ' Trade msrka ' 299
158 ' Traffic, railway i«i
308 , Transfer of goods in bulk. .. . 273
Ml I Transfer of insurance policy 277
. Tranaftr of note gfj]^
' Transfer of property, real . . 28ti
Transfer of property, personal 2S4
Transients (mall) 373
Transportation J37
Tree, how to find height of . . 494
Trespassing and mlschieTous
•nimals 32Q
Trespassing atock (Fence
^•w») tfi8
Trusts and monopolies . . 168, 333
Truata. deHnltion of (Corpora-
, 356
442
135
341
419
(iona)
ULTKA VIItES i04
Uncompleted notes 37
Unconditional notes gs
Under aeal (Contracts) .... 7S
Unilateral (Contracts) 1. 71
Units of anything 441
Usur;-, penalty for 420
University and colleges 488
tAOt
176
and
190
200
of . . 264
SS9
198
82
171
898
B49
848
'enrth
446
irind-
476
l« ■ . 478
85
194
>7 the 488
335, 387
urlof 466
198
299
181
273
olicy 277
— seb
>1 . . 2tf«
loi)«I 264
878
■ . - . 187
t . . 494
voui
... 820
enve
... tfia
168, 838
or»-
. ■ . 166
104
87
1. 71
441
420
488
'.rf^
J "ii
SEX HYGIENE
For the Male
and
What to Say to the Bo:
Nature demands that the Boy— the Yoi rg Man
Know Something
About
Sex Matters
They must and will learn that something sooner or lati
Who shall do the Teaching?
1. The wise Big Boy at School.
2. The Barn Yard Philosopher and Street Corner Bui
3. The Quack with his pernicious literature and quae
suggestions.
4. The sly experience with its crop of wild oats.
OR
1. The Good Book.
2. The Capable Physician.
3. The Intelligent Parent or Teacher.
E
i Boy
g Man
ler or later
ng?
orner Bum
and quack
One of the Greatest Practical H«f„
ofourDayAn.wers.J' OueitK™'" '"' Physician.
■n hi. ma.t.r production. ^"""°" '" "» uncertain tenna
Sex Hygiene for the Male
What to Say to the Boy
A BOOK
which treats with the delicate things
IN A *
manner Free from Cant
AND
Quack's Suggestion.
"" Dr. L,d«„„.. g„ ^
V.OTO, C. yi„„„,» j(p
Every man should have one. Write
-™ S/- «««TEL CO.. LIMITED
3! !
ii::::l
BUSINESS AND LAW
The only comprehensive Business
Book on the market at
reasonable prices.
THE JOHN A. HERTEL CO., LIMITED
182 Spudlna Avenue Tonmto
BEING PREPARED
OUR BOOK
ON
CANADIAN REAL ESTATE
Write for partimlars.
Send for our Xmas Catalogue of
other books. We sell direct to
the consumer, therefore cheaper.
THE JOHN A. HERTEL CO., LIMITED
182 Spadlna Avenue, Toronto
*
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11