CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(IVIonographs)
ICI\/IH
Collection de
microfiches
(monographles)
t
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microraproductions historiques
1996
^^^V:W|iii!^18!^^i^^^BPM^RIS^''^^
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D
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7
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1
2
3
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MICROCOPY *fSOlUTK>N TBT CHA»I
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A ^' PPLIED IfVMGE In
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CAJ^ADA
D E P A ]{ T M E N '1' () F M I N E S
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Hon. I'lUBERi l!ii(.n:s. MiM.<iKi; ; A. I'. I,ow. 1h.it iv MiM.-<rtii:
1.'. \V. lUuil K, I'lUKl HiK.
MKMOIW No. ;{«
(iEOl.OGY
Pi
NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA
If
i-
i
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Si
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I
Pi
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Viiii \
KOKTV-NIMII PAKALLKL
Reginald Aldworth Daly.
IN tiii;i:k |'.\kts
!• A i: I I.
< ' I I A \V A
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INTRODUCTORY.
Tlil--Uf.'h tlu .•,>;;rI,■^^ ■• W. K. KiriL'. C.M.C. M,.I).. \',..\.. D.T.-,. ( liirl
A.-trii:."iriir. I iipiii-rijn ijt ■<; ilii liili'iii.r. •!;!■ < liiiliiiiii'jl Survey i- en.: ''IcI I"
IHilili-h tlii- Ml 111. .-r. 'I'll,- liilii Wi'i'k \va> .If.m- iiii'li-r. aii'l at the ( xpi n-. i.l'.
the 1 iilrrnati'iiial I liiiiihiary I iiinini--:.'ii. ai^l a|i|M>ar- a- an appcmlis 'k ilir
report ■■! Mr. Kin:;, tla ('aiia'iiaii < ,,!iiirii--ii.ni r. A- tlir rcpnrt cuii-lil nfc - .1
IIIII-- ::i:portan; r..!i;i il'iition !■' "Iir i;c'o!iiy\ c! \M-tcrn (aiiaila. ami a- in il-
' Mliir ll'ink' torni ii \v..ulil n't li> availal'lc t(.r nian.v lilirarir.-; aiel inilivi'liial-
tluil Wriial have u.-i- li.r it. Dr. I\iiiL: kimllv i',.n-cnteil to alhav tlic ( ii i.lii;;i.'al
SurM\ i.i print it a- a ( M'.i'...L;i'M! >urvi\ M. imiir, ;nni tliii- scrnrc loi i'
riliii!
Tl', (;.,o.i;ir;,i .-1 rv, A i- ii|(a-.-i! -M l^e alili' In a. Id t., it- li-t of Memoir-
tlii- \v..ik that itoai- with tin :;e.ilo:;'\ ..!' -n.-h a hm^' ai.i important -e.-lioii
thrMiii;h the Wi-ierii (oriliiieia. It n ii-t he ret'errcd to fnn=tantly in t'nlnre
Work il aliiifr with the i;iohiL:,\ .1! iJriti-h I'oiumhia. atid \V(?rc it not avai'ai.le
ill the pnlilieatioi;- : tla- Sir\(> t:reat !o-- ami iiie,,!.venienee wotilii re.-ult,
iSif-'M.d) R. W. Brock,
Cioi , 1,11 \i. St i!\ I ^ .
Mtta\v\. O.-oUt Jl. U'lL'.
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2 QEORQE V,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A. 1012
APPENDIX 6.
REPORT OF THE CHIEF ASTRONOMER. 1910
(i E O L () G V
OF TIIK
NORTH AMERICAN CORDILLERA
AT THE
FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL
BT
REGINALD ALDWORTH DALY.
IN TIIUEE PAHTs
I'AUT I
8361— B
:.if""'- «'■-• •' mty:f.
,.xf^:a?3xxjx
2 GEORGF V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A, 1912
I.RTTKIt OF TIJAXSMITTAT..
Massaciiim ITS Tnstititk i,i- Tkciisoi.oov,
Boston, Mass., April 30. 1910.
W. F. Kixfi, Ea.|.. C.M.G., BA., rj,.r>.,
Commissioner for Canada, Intcmatioiuil Ijoiin.hiry Survevs.
Ottawa.
SiK,-I hnvo tlu. li.;nour to sul.nut th, :V.ll,.wi„;. n-i.urt on tlip (ieolopy of
the mountains crossed by the intvrnatinn.l h.,;n,lary at tlie Forty-nlMtl> Parallol.
The report is based on fiehlwork oarritnl ,,u .liirin»r tho .reasons of looi to 1006
innlusive. To yourself, under whose (i;r.eti,.n the whole work has been d,.ne and
from whom I have re.eived help in many „;,y=. I b.L' to tender my sineere
thanks.
I have the hcinour to bo. sir.
Your obedient servant,
REGINALD A DALY.
«:»il H'
j';ts«"t
2 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2Ba
A. 1»1t
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
I'AIM- 1.
OIIAPTP'R I.
Paoe.
IntroJuctiiiii 1
Area covered 1
roiiditions of work iu t'\c tiiM 1
Acknowledjfiinnts -2
Collections ;j
I'rcvious pulilicufions by tho writer .u the I'ortv-iiiutli I'arnllel Keoloffy 3
Earlier work on the geologry of the Forty-ninth Parallel 5
rJontinuation of tho Forty-ninth Panilel section .^
fleneral aketeh of the gtihiect matter 5
CHAPTER II.
S.Mio|j!ti9 of 'Ire report 9
CHAPTER III.
Nomenclature of the mountain rr.i.pes . r --cd hv the Forty-ninth
Parallel ' i:
Introduction and outline 17
DifTerent nomenclatures in use 18
Divers.' nainiu); of the nt-^tern niountai;; n-^ion as a whole IS
Diverse naming of rariRes crossed i^. the Forty-ninth Parallel 22
Adopte<I principle of nonienclatnrr- f..r the P.-viiinInry mountiiina. ... 23
Trenches and greater valleys 25
Subdivision of Rocky Mountain syetcni 27
Pnreell mountain system ami its «iihdivisioi 30
Selkirk mountain system and its suhdivisiun 34
Columbia mountain system and its "ihilivision 37
Belt of Interior Plateaus 40
Cascade mountain rvstem and it- - i..iivi.i.,n iO
Summary 42
Leading referen<es 43
CHAPTER I'^.
Stratigraphy and structu.e of the C'laike r.ingo 47
Rocky Mountain geosyiiclinal prism 47
Lewis series 49
7
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vtil
/'//'twn/M/ ,„ nil iMi:i!,„!;
3 GEORGE V. A. 1912
W'Htorf ■!, r..riii:iti.i|i
AllMl frifMKKioti
'•I'lHT.ll (|.',iTipfi ,,; ,
l-"V"rr ilivisi,i||. . .
Mi'Mi" iiiM :.ii.. .."..". ".■'..■'.
I'r'I" !• >liv|.i(in
f^-'ltiimrM..!, ,|,„1 . .M.-I ,..; .,',^.' ' _"_' _'
Fri.«!.ili
Aii|>pk<ii,i,v f. rniiiti,,!, *_'
(iriiiiirll Cnrin.ih'.ti ' '_ ' ' '
J^iyrli r.nii:itl..ti
Sliop,,,.r.| f,,,„,„,;,.„^ _ _ '' ""
(•(MliT.ll i|. - ■riptir.li
IiiI.tI.cM. ,1 1;,,;,. . , ".'.
K'iiithi t".Tni.ili..ii
:^''7" f.Tri„-,i.. ,,,,.1 .I^irn-;'.' ^,r,;,;.lin„- ■'
» rptai'cmu turiiiMti .n-. p,'" ili,. c, . in • . .
Ki. hn f.-„u,i'.,l ";";''■"■"" -" "- I-r.v-,nn.|, l.„r.,l!..I.
l'<"<t-.Min,v„.. (■..rn,;,i,,,„. ,.f ,;„
J^trii.iiiri'
F'lliis mi'l t'iiu)!^
'•r. at f .uls ..Vrrtlii',Mt.
■I'M' I'l.-ilti- at til.. K..rtv-rn,il|, \\
ii' 'ir-ai I'laiiiv . . .
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(inll„n.s,Ti,. -^'in-nahl a:,,! (ialfu,, ninses.,
Allyii fiiirjiati.ii
Ili-ffy foniiati.ii,
Jlii"l>wiial.l fnniiati. .„.','.'.' '/ / ' _
^ViKWi.iii l"..rin,iii.ai
Si.vrh t'.,niiati.iii
flatinwiy f'..riiiati.,ii
l'liil'i|is f.riJia'i,.ii
Ifoosvil!,. f,,niiatiMii
I'fvoiiiaii l"nni.ati..|; i
Drecriptiou. .
Fossils
!t7
nr)
. . 101
. . IK.'i
• • 104
. . h'-
. . io>
lOO
■ no
. 11(1
. 11!
.11.!
Fossils 1|.;
^'rn,.un.,,f,i,,.,,n;,,;.:Ma,.i,,a;ai/,,;:,„;,,i,,^,,;,;,,:: n:
lit
n til,. (,;,]
'"11 r.iuu
l'al(,
.■ozoic ),„„.-,..„,., of tt„. Ma.-l»,,„aM
Uesrripth.ii
raiipo
rjr7,^^p?»^-^/>i;p»j^-^^^g^^
u: I'liur III' nil I nil I iw/.-'ivoup/,-
SESSIONAL PAPER No 2Sa
fllAIMIi; VI
8truti«r,ipl./ un<i slrii.iurf if tl.i- I'ur. .11 ni.niiii.iiii -yat.-iii
I'liri'i'll K.-ric*
f'ro'ftoii fciriiiiiii.'ii
(iftiiTiil ili'^i-rii'iii'ii
WcstiTIl |ill:l-f , . .
I'!il*l('rn ph;i-ic
Ivit.'lic-iii'r I'Ml-Miali-ii
Wi-atcrii pliiini'
KiftiTn i>li;i-i'
Nfrnii- fnriiiiilioii
OntinMiv fi.riiiiiticii in tlir M.l iilli\ |-.,y r i .
>trii.'fnn' ..I' tlm I'nr.'rl' timnmaiii i^v^trin
ill
Ii:>
11!'
I..,.
I.'-'
'iiAi'iii; VII.
Striltij.'rii|ili.v ,.|' iLr Srlkiil. iii..:iht;iiii «,v.i. m i in pn
^'nnilllit -ryU'-i
Il''l oiiL'li iMi TMli |.,rMi:ili..li
Iri'ih' Vol.arii.' f.iiii.il i..ti
^f(>nk f(ii;iiiili.iii
Wolf fi.riiKiti..M
l>,-'Wilncv ruriiiiili'iu
Iii|i|ili' fiiViMiiliiiii
Hi'diivc roriiiiitii'ii
I, I. Ill' St;ir fi.riiiati.iii
U
Hi
1(!
\\;
1 1:
I-'.
I'
1 -,
jr,.,,
(■IFAI'TIi: VIII
Corri-liitii.n nf ilir r..riiKili.iiis mi ih,. \l,,.ky Mmii,
C'orrrliiti..ii aLmu tin- ri.rty-iiinlh Piinillil..
Sys'ciiiiitic Viii'iatiiin in flio r'uk-cliirM.Mcr
Forly-niiitli Pjini'li'l
Motiiiiiorpliisiii if :..,' j;('..-yiicliii.il |.ri-iii
S|ioc'ifii' gravity nf l|]i> ^'(.'u-yiii'lirial prism
rorrolation of flic fnur liiuiiuiiiry scries witli tlic Ca-iS '
Tvivcr (( 'iimhriati) (rronp. Suinniary
Correlation with the Hclt tcrranc
Farlicr vicnvs un tlic I!( It tcrranc
Tlvirlonco of fn>si]ji
lielativo indnrati''!! iiii.l ini'iaincrplii-ni "f the Hclt tcn:f .> a;
Flathonil forinnfion
Evidence of iiiieonfonnity
^nmiiiary of coneliisicns
rorrflation with Dawson's S<'!kirl; and AdaJii- Lake series
I'll
■■I
k;.;
IT!
t-"!
l^t;
190
101
" h>!PAHTItf:ST nt IHt: ISTKHIOH
2 oconac v, a. mt
tMtern (;fo.,„,.Ji„„i H,.|, „f „,„ (.„r.lill..rn . ***??:
Aaii of till, liiwky Nfuuntiiin if.-.«vii.lirul [Z
• f.p«r F«I,,./oi,. ,,.,rfi.... o' ,l,o |{„..k,v .Sfonnri.in «.;o«.vn;.ii,;ui;; .■." .' .' uJJ
•"IfAPTIH IX.
Jntrodiirfion -W
Purocii J4iv,i of fh,/MV(iniivVay ;;nif,.;. ' .' .^?!
DikMiin,! h.IIh i„ tiM. MHiillivniv ••,!.., .. i?'
Purtcll I.ava ir. tl... <i.,It..n innRv. .... f ^
Pufcell luvn in tlH> ( lurkn nu ,?.. *"
Dike, ami .im i,, ,|„, ( lark,. nw.Kr.V , Jw
luwil r.ava «,.(] u.H.s.M.i,Ur,| intriHiN... i„ fho fowl. ,««« l\«
RWafon of .ill. and .liko, to th- Pun.!, ., Uve "^ ! J
•*'iii»iiii.Trv. ... 218
210
<'ifAi'vi:i{ .\.
Intrwme.nUo.,!,. |.ur,,ll„ ,„;„,,,„„,
Intrmluctioti 221
J'iunl .•Mt,.,,o9ition of Iho inirlisivr. ^21
.ati.iin from the usuhI (.•oiii,H«itioM ^^2
Moyio sills 226
Abnormal biofito Kraiiite. . -^^
Abnormal hornblondr-bioti'i, ffriinit,' -^^
Interm.cliate ro.K-fyito 232
AbnorniMl Iiorni.loii.Ic p,ilil,r,,, . .. .. ' ^32
Rfeiiino of til,. |)r*rii(rraiili,y 2''''
EMnitinl f«.H',„r,..s of tl,o .I'itf.T.Vi, silK ^Sr.
•>ri(riii of tlin iK'i.l i.lir.flps 236
Preferred ex[)Ianation . . -3"
Flat po.,itio„ of ^„.,r„i,o at um. of 'intrusion.'. . .' .' o^
^iiporfusinn of sill niiitfiiia ^^^
Evidence of xenolitlig. . . "^ 243
Hybrid rock 243
AMiraiiation at deeper levels ^^
Agfiimilation throuKh m-.Tniafi.; vapours f^
Summary of the arpumentH f„r ..s.-imiktion **^
Oravitative differentiation. . . ''""'•'""' 247
Similar and analogous eaoes 247
"tneral ooTK-liision nml ,';pT)li<.fltion 249
262
HrpiiHT Of run rntrr AnTHnsuvr.n
•IMIONAL PAPER Ho. 38a
< ir.vi'TKn xf.
Stratigraphy a.,.| .iru. t„r« of th« Hdltirk mount«in ^vMoin (rr-um.^O
Kitcbeimr fornmtion
Vt'xm Hivrr tprruiii*
Kx|iiiKuic» iiml coiiiliiiiiii- ..' -tiKlv
IV troKrupliv of llrlt A '
-f n.'if n ■ ■. ■ ■
i.f llrlt r ■ ■ ■
^i Hrit M
• f \Mi V
if n.-ii. !••
>i Holf (1 !.......'.'
ofrip'fiir.' ill tIi.' I'li. -t H
Petrography
Pntrojfriiphy
IVtroKrophv
Petrogrnphy
Pptrogrntphy
Po(roBru|iJiy
Thirknco'i'ii iinil
r'orrcliitidti. . . .
I'.iirl D'Or-ill.. KToiip
Ooni^riil ih'<iTi|.li. I! o»i
Ar<>ii t'liHt of SiiliuoM riviT 273
Arort wtMt i<i Siiliiiori rivi !•
rorroliitioii a-,
Siimiiinry on fhp «triffup' of il,,. \ "
r 11 rr-jiii'
Page.
257
2S0
MO
Ml
S<M
SAS
9«7
26)<
2««
270
271
mtri'
275
275
277
< nAPTKI! \\\.
Intrusive roi'kg of till. Si Ikirk 111., iiiitiiiu system .)m
.Mt'taiiiorphogod hnxir iniriisivcs in tho Pri..-t Rivrr
Abnormal granite intru«i\e int.i tho Klt.-l
Rykort granite batholith
iiTii. 2S2
leni'r qimrtzite 2S3
nnyonne batholitl: ami \\f sntollit. - . . . ogg
Petrography of the l.nthnlith ........ .'. o()0
Contn<'t mctamorp'tisin .^,,.,
Sfltellitie Btocks on the "livide o^i)
Petrography ' .\ ......... .. oofi
•^oiitact melaiiiorplii-ni o^-
Qiiartz-diorifo opopliyseg JJ^^
Relation of the ..<f.>|.k-' t,, il.' Hi. \..iuii. !.:itl...litli r?oi
Lost Creek grnnite body ^(^
Bunker Tlill stock " " 3^3
Salmon River monzonit■^ ...
1-amprophyrie <like.s ami silj..
Porphyritie mioa minette.
Augito minctte
Hornblende-aiiyite niinetfc
Olivine-anffite niinetto. . .
Comparison of the minette^ witli the worM-
.■?04
30fi
30«
no7
f?1"
average 31 1
i>Ki'Ajtnii:\r <,r riii: istkrior
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
Iv'-rsiintiti
Cnmiitoiui,.. . .
Odii:if,. " '
Apliri.: an, I »,.i,| ap.,,',|,'vsal '.iik,.!.
'HAI'TCi; \T!I.
V,
T)i;
1'a(;k.
.•!14
;!14
;il4
nir,
.•■vn
I ii/eo.'^.i.' f,.rmali,,iis •"•1!'
CarlioiiilVron.-; \w]< ii, \\,',\.'<\, ' ',', "-''
Sn,i,.,!a,„l ^-M-t.,.,. ,.,',■;;],'!;; "' '"■'"'"^'•^n":- '^■n
Suriimarv. .
i^x:; :::;::'''''':;:;;•;"■• ■^'■- ,,
<''-i"'i'al .!, n>t|,.„ .V.'!
T'-tm^ra,,i,v „r ,!„, ],,,: ;,;„i ,.Jn„.i,;.;u •'^■•
Amlmi.. lalilo "i\
A'.'i.'it,-l,i,,iit,. l„,ii,.. . V. •''2t
Aiiui(|.-,,lii;„,, I.I,;,,, ^ '.VIC
"•■nil,l..|i,l,. ,i:,M.;; > i.|,j,^, :V2=^
ff-inl:l.'ii.l,..l,i, ,!,•(,-> I;,,;,,, .^1^0
'i!' tile latii.. ?,:',n
l''i-tii!'' .■iiim',,. );,,;(, .'Kl
<"nm,.aii<,.,, „ii!, si,.,.i.'| \,.v.'„,V )■':.■ ' ' ,' ' :; -"'
7.,ni(.. ■' ■' ' " •••" ' ""'' ^iv,.,-a-. „„„,-
Auijitn niiil,.<;tp ;',;!1
l.ii^alt-: V_ ■ ■ ^\o^
_F!.,«- ,,f liharin'r <,!,mM';;',„'' •'!-'?3
IniT- a,„| a^'-LiiiK^rat,.- ••!""
'"nir... ,.,,fi„^ ,!„> T?o..i„:,i ,,,,,.;„;,;,^ nn»
I'""" : M.'Ha,. ,.r,.,.k.. . ^34
''•"■I'liyriti,. l,;„vl..,rLM-f,. (,„•,.',■,•'.,'.''> ■'!-'^r,
iiaKUvsa,,,) p„H,i,„i„, ,„,^ ,,,;_,;;;._-,-, -,!
Udsslaiiil monzniiitc. . . .'5.'',7
i^'^!'- jn.,„z.,nitP a,^i'i,oniiii,.M;ii't;. i,;, ■,.„',;, ; ,;. ■,: ^^r
Sl>onl<,n:ti,M.v,,r at lliitor ■■m.k ■•!44
'.ratiifo ?t(,fk .M^t ..!' ra<,-a,l,. "lr>
Trail batiiollrli ' ' .-j-ln
T^f'finifini, ■ n^,.
Potn^Tapliy ' ;i4(j
nitW'iitiaii,,., i,, |,1„.,, 347
Sliatti^'-holt ,'?4S
34!»
hi.rouT OF Tin: riirKr ASTi;o\,nn:i,'
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
xiil
CoiigloiiKTuto foniiiitiHiH I'aok.
(;;onglonierato «t l,Ao inou'ntain' ''''"
<;^>Wo„„.rat,, „f S„,,1„V „„„„„, |„ ;ir.o
onffoinerato area at Afonimiont 17' ■'•'^"
• onirlr.mcrate nron at Af..nin„ont M'- •''''
t crrclafion an.l nri-iii. . . •"■''-
lioav.T .\r.,initain -roup. . .,'.' •'i.V2
C^t'IKTal ilcsrTiption. ... ■''•"'l'
Sf<liiii,-jf< ■ ■ ;!r,2
Vcilcani.-- .".,".'!
Shpjiparfl f;raiii!.- -"..".I
Porpliyritir nliviiio sy,-niK..V .. ■• ■''"'•
('■■rvoll syoiiitf liatli..]it!i . .......". •'•''"
l>i>minatif iilia^f •"."i-i
Ba.«ie plias(> ar CMiiiai-j, ... •'■"'''
Apnpliy;(,q ■ ■ ;;,;(-)
Coiitaot iiiofamorphisni •• •'''-
'' rSn^H;!,"^';"^^::'*^^^ "^'^"'''' *- '''^' ^'"■^^" ''^">-"ti.:.- ; ; nS
T)ikos ,'!ii:',
.Mi.'isourite (like '\ 'Mr,
Variousi r.tlier dik.-. . ^M
snmn.„^y of ,,r.;,, :,.,i;H;ui:,;,; ;,/,,; -i;;,;^!;;-;;..^ n.!o
lime relations ■ ■ '-""i .ii"ui,taii,.> ;;-„
O!. served fact? 'm2
IV..l,ali!e relatiniis. ........' ^''2
(Correlation -fT')
.".7<>
CHAPTER XTV.
General (Ie.=eript inn ' • ■■ ■'iT7
Grand Forks seliist.s ' 377
Caseado ffnoissi,' batholith.'.' .' 37S
General ileseription ', ■'570
Nature and ori.iri,, ,,f landhi"' ^'^
f^melt.T srranito stook ' ."iSO
Attu-nod series •''^1
Glilorite and I-.TnldLnde'seliisls! •''*^
I IM-Illx V,.],.:,,,;,. n-,-,-,,,p_ _ ,3S.1
^•^rpontine ' .'?'?3
Granodioritn .'iSS
♦Correlation .^sr.
" • 3«7
xiv
DEPARTUBNT OF TBE lyTE lOR
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
CHAPTER XV.
mountains ami Anarchist moimtflin-plateau).. .. ' o«n
Introduction '*"•'
Anarchist series •''^^
CJeneral description [[ ^^^
Nature of the nietainorphi=in. .". ^?^
Rock Creek pliitonic bodip-- "^^
Diorite '.."..".. ^^^
Oranodiorite "^^^
Dunite ^^^
Kettle River formation . on''
Oeneral description .
Oeolnpical ajre ■*
Midway volcanic proup (in part). ^nl
Oeneral description
Petrography of the subalkaline lavas. ^H
Rock Creek r' uolith '^'"'
Structura; . jlations \ ■**'^
Dominant rock type ^^
fi«noraI description. . '*^^
Rhomb-feldspar !'..".."..'! ^°^
Other con.stituent8 ^^
Chemical composition and classificnfioi, \f the' ro',1- mt
Contact ,,ha8e of the chonolith. . I^f
Other intrusions nf rhomh-ponihyrv.. . Ir^
Extrusive phase of the rliomb-porphyrj- *,!?
Analcitic rhomb-porphyry (.shackanite^ . T,?
North of Rock creek ....'.
Other occurrences ^^^
Intrusive rocks cutting Kettle Rivei- VtraJa f}^
Porphyrites. ■*l°
Pulaskite porphyry ^^^
Order of eruption of the Midway lavas '^'^
Rtr,ujur.l relation, .f the Columbia moun;ainsy;tem west„fn.risHna '""
Correlation. . . -tSO
422
CriAPTFR XVI
Roof-pendante ^"^
Unity of the composite batholitli. *^^
-.■dimentary rocks and associated ba-j,' volcanic* f^I
432
REPORT Of THE CHIEF ASTROXOMER xy
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
n, • , Faoe.
lertiary ( !) rocks ut Osoyoos lake 433
Petrography of the composite Imtholith 43'-
Richter Mountain hornbloiidito 433
Chopaka basic intrusives 433
Ashnola gabbro ^gg
Basic Complex 43g
Nodulo-beariiig ixridttito dik- 437
Vesicular andosito dikes. . . 439
Osoyoos batholith 439
Original granodioritic type 439
Dynamic and liydrotliermal metamorphi=ni of the granodiorite 441
Remniol batholith 443
Western phase 443
Eastern phase 445
Interpretations of tif I'.v,. ii|ia-i<^.-; 447
Kruger alkaline body 44g
General description 443
Augite-biotite maliatiitu 4_r,9
Femic ncphelito sy'iiirc ^51
Nepliclitc syenite ^tjo
Summary jrl
ifetamorphism 451-
Siniilkameen batholith 455
General character 451;
l^asic phase at contact 457
Comparison witli Kruger alkaliii. l„Mly 453
Dikes cutting the Siniilkanifcn Lafbolirli 459
Cathedral batholith ^k^c^
Older phase ' ' ^r,^
Younger phase ^c^■^
Relation to SiniilkaTuej^n latholitli 4(5]
Dikes cutting the Cathedra' Lathnlitli 4et
Park granite stock 4^4
Oeological r<>]ati'iiis and general Ptr;i'tiirc ^CiC,
Resume of the geological history 47^
Se(iuenco of the eruptive rock> 47j
Method of intrusion 47g
General summary 47 ^
CflAI'TER XVII.
Formations of the Hozomoen rai:ge 479
General description 4'.9
Pasayten series ,-,n
Intro<luctioii ^^9
Stratigraphy 4gg
Fossils collected 400
""' OF.PARTVEST OF HIE ISfERJOR
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
rasiijion v.,I(niiic formation. . . . '*'^«i--
LiKiitniiiR CrcH'k diorite. . '"!•
So IS ::Sr :: rr:"^/^^ -;-^.t.v .,;,;,•,■:„;;. : •. : ■ ;; ;; : ; ^;;
Its siiec'ul iriiporfnijre '''3
I'oiiiiiuint [iliasi' 402
Bnsi,' coiitiii't (.iinsc. 'S'-
^triictiinil rcliitioiii. . .. .. , *^^
IiitruMMii of .swnifo ,„,r,,l,vn' "^t
IVfroL'rai.li.v ^ ' lO'.l
Com-!atioii .'. .. ^•^'^
Ilozoincoi] series '"'I'l
ficiii-ral (!cs,.ri|iti ,1!. . .. •"CO
Correlation " ."00
Stn.etural re!:if;„„s ;„ ih,. raii'.-e '•"-
Correlation "'04
Siiiiiniary of _r,.,.!,,L.;,,,,| |,,-..,',',.v -"On
mr,
CJr.AI'TFi; xvin.
Formations of »!,,. .si,-,..;, ,, ,,, , •
(■eneral .slatoriii 'If SOT
Sf-atitied formations. . . . ,\ '.'. S07
IWomeeii .series , SOS
riiijiiuack series 50S
Oeneral eharneter an.i .iiltrihuHoi, ^^^
T)oUuM .e..tion. an.i ,l,e fossil if,;,,;: h:.vb...- -?'
'•eneral eolnmnar .seetion. ''^O
Ooolotrieal aw .if tl;e -or'. - '"'''■♦
Cultuii formation •"11
Stratiirrai.i,,v;nM striMniv'!. '"l''
Fossils .'i(!
Tamiliy .srrics. ... ."17
iruntimrilon formation 51S
Jffneo,is-r..ok f,,rtMati.,ns. . . "'!!>
Chillinaek voleanio f,:r,>,',t,:',,',, ''-^
Voilder greenstone •''>-l
f'n.ster frranitO'irneisv. .' .'. -'Se
Original roel<.ty,,o. " ' .^L'.■;
Bamlerl striietiiro ■"-I
S-.ima.-. fxranlte nn.I .lioiif,., , ^>-l
Crnnito 52C,
Diorite ."il'i;
Ska-it voleani,. form.it: M,; [] r)2:
Skac-.'f IiarzliiirKife. . •"'2-^
."i.T I
REVORT OF Tin: (■iiif:F A.'-ri{ii.\i>ui:ii xvii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
1'aok.
Sl.'sse dioriti' f,;ij
I'ltrograpliy .-3^
('()iiti)''t nietiiiiiui|ilil-i.i 534
('hilliwark Kraiii)'lir>ri'.- iML.-liti' XH
I'ctrdjjrapliy 535
Contact iiKtaiiiiirplii-iii 510
Intriisivi's cutting the SlcuL'i. vi.l'-.iiii.-v ,',jO
Moiizoiiifo -tcii'k 54]
Dikes '.'.....'.'..'. ':,\l
Dikes ciifliii;;' till- rliiiliuiick lialli.ililli 54J
A<'i(i liikcs cuttiiifr the I'liilliwack sorios 54;;
Basic ilikc^ and t:ri'cii-l"iii . in tin- Cliiliiwac); scfics 54;)
Structural rclati"ii< 5tl
(^1r^l•lafil1I; 5t.'".
PART II
(ilAl'TKi: XIX.
Corrulaticn iji llic Wcstirii 1 Ico-yn.'lin.il belt 547
Principles iised in correlation 547
aiiioTiK formations at tiio F.irty-iiiiitli i'arallcl 550
.,<-,.. . fion within tlie Wasterii < Ii'.. synclinal holt 555
Oener, . features of tlie Western (ier.synclii.al licit 505
criAI'TKIl \X.
Summary uf Kcloj^iciil history and note ,,n ..r(i;:ciuc tiii'.,]-v 567
Ocological history nf the Cordilli'ra af tho Forty-ninth I'arallcl 507
Ohscn-atioiis liearinir on the th.-.iry i.f inoiintain-lmiMiiiir .'■7:.'
CUAI'TKR XXI.
(llaciatioii of the ( '..rdillera ;it the For'v-iiiiii!i |iafallcl 577
Jntro<liii-tiipn r--
o ^ i
<'!arke raiifre- 579
.Vatiire and extent ■■( yha-ial croi^.ii 5SO
< ialtiai-^raid)onald ni'.uiitali! !.r<i .i- 5S4
I'urceli niciunfain .sy^iriii 5si;
Selkirk nin.intain systi-in 5«s
('(duml)ia niMimtai.i ~\-t,iii ;ii,,i ih, liit.rl'ii- r'al..i.;, 5sf»
Okanafiaii raiive r,r)]
lIozinneiMi rairj" 51)3
Sknfrit ranpe r,i,4
Sniiiinary 597
x^'i' DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
2 QEORQE V, A. 19t2
CIIAPTFfJ XXII.
I'liysioKruplii.- -luti., m, tl„. Fori.v-niutl. V:\tA\A sction 699
Origin of tiio ninHtor vallcvs kqo
inaividunl inouiituin niiiKPs ii.^ i'li,v-i."ra|ilii.< proviiii'ps 60]
Front rdrige syncliiie ' ' ' ' g^j
Oalton-MacDoimld }i(.rHt 604
Qi'MtioM of a Tertiiir.v pen, ,>hu„ i„ t|„ K,„.l,v U '..iMtiihi ,Wt.'.in.' 605
I iirtell coinpoiiiid liorst gjQ
Nelson ranpe nionocliiif 0.0
BoniiiiiKfon-Kosslanil mountain proui ]. .' 613
Cliristinii range and lioiindnry ('ipek di-tiiif ][ \ 614
Midway volcanic disf rift atr.
Interior I'latcaiis -.„
Okauagan rnnpo g-o
Hozoniecn range goQ
Skagit range 621
QuMtion of a general Tertiary pencidaii, i„ tlie <xsca1c' mountains" 621
i)evelopment ot accordance of summit in alpine mountains. ... 631
Explanations liy inheritance ' "_ " g^o
Spontaneous development (f summit-level acordance. . e'jS
Summary j,^j
(ieneral conclusions on tlic i.iiysiograpliic history ..f the Cord iilc'r'i at
the Forty-nintli Parallel ' ' p..
(II.VI'i'KH XXIII.
First calcareous fossils and the origin of the pre-Siluri;ui lin.estones 643
Introductory; ahstrnct of chapter g^o
Explanations of tlie unfossiliferous cliMrMcr of' the |irc-('amhriuH'<edi-
I'lnits g^g
Ilypotiicsis of the nieliinioi-pliic dc.-lruetion of l'..ssil rcnuiins.'.' ." 045
brooks hypothesis p'
Sugcr. -ted hypothesis '^
Precipitation of lime salts through tl,.. de,,',,',,,; '-i'tinn', Vdi.^d orginiisms CIO
Duration of the nearly Hmeless sea gig
Effeets of the Iliirouinn oi'oLivMic ri'v.ihiti.iii g.g
Analyses of the Ottawa river gro
Comparison ,,f the ()ttaw:i and nth<'r riv.r-. . .'.' .'. g5j
f'licmieal contrast ..f i.rc-Caiohn.iii and later liver -v-t. MIS g'^j
Variations in the cah' . s„p,,]y ,l„ri„^, and after fl,, pre-( ■amhrian.' .' 050
r irst cah'ereous tossii.s
Tests of the suggested hypothesis. ! . . .'.'..' . .' .'.' .'.' [[ .' ,;^g
Torrohorative experiinonts JL^,
Ol.scrvations on the Rlack Sen .....'..' .'.' .'.' .'.' .' ' \] [' ggg
Pre-Camhvian sedimentary deposits /, gg^
Origin of dolomite and of other niagnesian so,]i,„p„f;i'. "_ '\ ][ gg\
Rri'iiirr or iiii: vun.t \stiiuso\ikk xix
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
I'aok.
AviTiitfo ratio of i-iil«'iiiiii ti. inntriic^iiiin in 'lir linn-i|nni'« of tlic
Hitfcront periods f<M
Ori(fiii of cfTliiin iron oros. ilicrt.-j. ami jas|if>rH fKUt
f)rifriii of the pi'troliiini niid rialnral :.'as cmatuitiiie from prc-
Catnlirian siiliiTicnt- 0(;0
Dirert oviilcin f tlw ihcmical oro<ipitation of fho rarl.oimte ro.ko
in tile Priest river an. I Holl-Camliriaii t< .raiip" iITO
Summary C-o
Promises (',72
Conclusions f,-^
CHAPTRR XXTV.
Introduction to tlie theory of ifjneoiis rocks gpj
Classiticati'in of the i-rneous rocks (jy^
Avcrape compositions of leadinjr tyjies ^70
Avoraffp sjiecifie pravities of certain types t;06
Source of innftmatie heat (\c^^
('(nn;osition of the siilistratui the general earth-inaKnui n99
Primary acid shell of the eart! 702
Ahyssal injection of ma^'mn 705
Orijrin of volcanic action 70-
rilAPTER XXV.
dassilicafioii of i^^neoiis intrusive hodies ^ 71_H
Introduction -1,.
Principles of elassitication 755
Injected liodies -jj.
'^'■^•^ "....'.'.'..'.'.'. 716
Intrusive slieet 717
I.accilith 717
Phacolitli 710
Bysmalith --^^^
Volcaiiic neck -.^r^
riionolith ; 7]f)
Kthmolith -Of,
Siihjacent hodies 700
^^"s-^ 720
Sto< k 701
Batholith [[ " ' ' ' ' 701
Proposed classificatinTi 720
8364^0
■^
M
DEPARTMFST OF THE IXTKKIOK
2 QEORQE V, A. 1912
f'HAPTFR XXVI
Me.-li,,nl«,n of l,„f!,„Ii,|,i,. i„trNsi„„ Paob.
f K'lil rcliitioiw 72S
Tiirio rr'Infion-i 725
Clirnii.Ml ri'liiri,,riH, . .. 721)
Tlieorio^ ,.f bnflm ithi.^ "intrusi.,,, 7L>!»
LiiccnU'hio ' li.vr.otlic«i.s. 7:50
'AfnrL'iM:,! „,.;,„i|„,i„n. ,,^.|;;j,;;^.; 7r5n
ir.vp..ti.,Ni. „f • ,„,,ff„„„i,. ,f„,,i„^. 7.11
Alutrmatic rtliiKtcrinir In- .liff,.r..nf;,',l .'i" " ' i '^*
K';>-iv..<i...i,i..:?,j:f::;ri •;-;'■-' -p- m
TMflii,.n.v of |,I,„„„|,. ,,n..,„rp, ,,„ „ ,. , •.. 740
N;n.kin»rof,|„.,,,,,J,,H,,'::k, '^''"'"'^- 74..
KiM,. of niii;.'!,];, tlirouirfi stooinr 74S
r«'.-<titiioii,v of liii-colitli^. . 747
IVoliictn ,,f tiip pn,,^ 747
■"^I'PI'l.v of til,. uo(vs«:,rv h.nt- m
XLIII. Calcium and niajrnesiuin in limestones of the peolo-ical
I«ri(Kls ^ ^,.,
Y I ■ , . . . . Ooo
.\l.l \ . .\M.raKc compositions cah-ulated for the principal ipneous-rock
V r \' r* ' ' e H80
Ai.v. L-oniparis..n of average analyses of granite, l.asult, diorite
and aiidesite ' -., ,
XLVI. Comparison of average analyses of frranites and V' 'und-ma'=s
of aufTite andesite -.^r
Xr.yil. Showiuf.' rates of thermal diffusivity in rock. . ...... v.-js
Xl.yill, Specific gravities of rocks and phisses 740
XI.IX. Spe<-itic Kravitiea of crystals and dasses. . . . . . . . ,', ' [] 740
I-. Decrease in density, rock to jilass at 20 (' 74.^
T.T. Spe<'itic gravities of rocks and melts 74'j
MI. ('hanjre of density of rocks with cha.ipc of temperature ' " 744
l.lir Showmtr (piantities of volatile nuitter in se<)iment3 7(14
LTV. Water in ipneous rocks -/.,
r.V. Comparison of plutonic and etTusive rocks.. .. .. '.[ ',' " 775
APPENDIX 'A.'
Tahle of chemical analyses made for the report 7(,3
T.Viri' III
Cnntaini,,^ -eveuteen freoloffical maps, with stru.'tnre sections ulicets 1 to 17)
and two slicet-^ of photopraphi.' panoramas (sheets 18 and 19).
s;!(;i li
Ml
m
mmmm&.'^z^^^t^i^^.:tM. iJkL:.
2 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A. 1912
CHAPTER I
i\TKoi'rrTi(»x.
Arc't r„r,'n;!.—],) l!»(il tli.- utIiit ua. miiiinissinneil bv the Canadian
Minister nf tl.r Intorinr to un.lertakL" tlir st.ol.,K.Val ..xaniinntiun of tlie monntaim
crn^si'd by the r,„nndar.v Line iK-twcen Canada and the I'nifw' States, at the
Forty-ninth Parallel. Field work was bept.n in July of that yrar and oontiiiurd
through the diff.roiit simime.- s.a^ons to and iiieludiii;; that of VMY,. Duriiiir
tic suminir of I'.iOl rrc.imai-sano,. ^urvrys on the Amoriean ^id,. of the '^auie
l)n,- were led by M, -r-. Bailey Willis F. I>^sli.. ■RaM.onio, and Ce-.r^ro Oti.
Smith, mei.ih, rs of thi- Tiiited Statos C.eoloRi<'al Survey. \o further peoloph-al
work in coiuuctiou with the Boun.lary survey was carried on by the I'liited
States C.overninent, and the map .-beets prepare,! by the United States fop,.-
Kinphers were placed at the disposal of the writer as ncolo-ist (for Caiia<la) to
the International Boundary Commi-sion. The present report represents the
principal results of the study made during the six field seasons.
'I'he peolopical examination covered a belt along the Fortv-ninth Parallel
Irom the Strait of (ieorpia to the Croat Plains. The belt is 400 miles long and
Viirics from 5 to 10 miles in wi.ltli. with a total area of about 2.500 square miles
Its width was controlled. i„ part, by that of the map sheets prepared bv the topo-
graphers of the C<,mmi.-io,i parties; in part, by the necessity of depending on the
trails which those parties built into the Boundary belt. As a rule, this nioun-
tuuous belt is heavily w,mded and. with .ut trails, is almost inaccessible to
r'ack-animals. During the first three seasons accurate topographic maps on the
re.iuired -cal- were not available, and in li)02 and 100.3 the writer used as
I o|>ographi.> iMse. an enlarged copy of the West Kootenay .sheet of the Canadian
(.eologieal Survey. Tn that relatively aceeSMblc part of the Bouildarv IhI;
(from Grand Forks to Porthill, eighty miles to the eastward^ it was found
|)ossil>ie ti> cover a zone ten mi'es in \n idtb.
(■omlil-.o,,. of WuH.- in tl„. Fvhl.-S., geologically trained assista.it was
employed ,n any part of the field. The work was. therefore, slow. Each
travers,. generally nn^ant a more or less taxing mountain climb through brush
or brule. Phe geology could not be worked out in the detail which this moun-
tain belt deserves. For long stretches the rock exposures were foun.l to be
poor. Such was the ease for the heavily drift-covered mountains between
Osoyoos lake and Christina lake, and, again, for nearlv all of the i!()-mile sc-
tion between the two crossings of the Kootr-nay river, at Cat.'wav and P.,rthill
Nome contidence is felt in • .e maps aud structure sections of the Rocky
Mountains proper (from Waterton hike to Gateway), of part of the Selkirk
i-'iia — \ ol. ij — 1
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
lr,( .iiiin:i! -y~r,.:K ifroi'. li,,' Mii.i:,iit t,, il„. C.hnnl.iM riven, iuici of the ()l;ni-i-
mm ,in.i II. ,;.,,„,. ,M r..ni;.- . t tli, Ct-c,,,!,. i„.M,nt:,i„ sy^tcn. KI-vwIuto, tl'ir
ma].-, ati.l -(.•f,..!,-, i„ tlicir rif-i.l lith.-j-'mpliy. su^'trost moro certainty as tn the
r.in -I .-..nt:!' t- an. I ;:~ (,, inHlertrr-nihl sfruetmv. tliiiii tlie wiitep actiinlly fceU
.V- M nh,,l,., tl,.. n-Milt. lie hall'-w.iy between these of ,, ree.„„nu-nnee 'sHrvey
ill, lliii.-(. ot a lieraileil survey.
<',„. ,,1 ,1,1. l,;i.|i,|jr ,iill;.-n!lie!. felt l.y M uorkers in t!n-^ pnrt ..f the Cor.' i-
hrn ■:< the .■eniarkahl,. l;,e|; ..( io-<\h in the s..,lii,„ ntarv reek., ■{'lie writer hn^
teen able to ,li-..over hut. lew r,.v-.ilil-er..u< h.irI/,.Mis n.Mitloiial ;■, the -mall
mimlier alr,a,ly known t., Cana.iian an.! V u\ud Stales p'ole-ist^. Many of the
correlation, off, re. 1 in th.- fullowinf.- roport are to he repir.le.l as strietly tpiita-
Ine an.l >houhl not he .inote,! without ref, renee to the many qnalifieai i.,,,.^ notr.l
m 'he ninninu- 1e.\t.
Son.e larKO proiH.rtion of the inac'enraey in ma],- an.l .e,.tions i. ,ln.. to the
taet that for half of the ti..l,l seasons the writer was provide,] ,.ither with no
topographic nnip or merely with the fonr-,nile^-to-onc-inch West Kootenav
letonnaissanc.. sheet of the (-ana.iian (leolo^Mcal Snrvey. This sheet is cvcllen't
tor Its purpose, hut wa- manifestly not intended for th, ns,. „f th,> '^triu'tural
geologist, whoso topographic-map scale sho.dd be at least one mile to one inch
in the Selkirk an,l Columbia mountain systems. First in 1904, the writer was
r.hle to use copies ot the ma.uiseript Houn,lary Commissi. .n plane-tahle maps
on the .s,.de of l:03,.')(;(l Sheets I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, 13, an,l 14 were constru-ted
on tha basis and are snperi,.r in aecnra.^v of H-<.olo-i,-al infonnathni t-> the
ether sheets. Between tlie Onlf of (!eo,-ia and the we-tcrn limit of shct 17
the Boundaiy line crosses a eontinnons tln,'k deposit of Pl.^l.tocene gravels ami
sands._ No other tormation i, then- expoM.l in th,. liv.-mil.. I„.|t and the bro„l
plain IS not represented in the maps,
Acknoulod^ments.-Th(i writer was Pffi..iently aid.^d in the physical %vork rf
c,-.rr,y,ng on tlie sur^-e.v, during five sea=on<, hy Mr. Fre,l. Xelmes of ChiUiwack.
J5ri ish rolumhia, ITis faithfulness in many a tedious pla.'e was worthy of hi.s
fterling wo-k as a mountaineer. During the season of 1003 the writer wis
Finuhirly Rssist.-d m able manner by Jfr. A. fi. Lang, of Waiuta, British Col'-
mnbi.r In the field many courtesies and much help were extemled hy Mr T
... McArthnr. chief topographer for the Cana,Iian branch of the Boundarv
Comm.-sion; hy Jfr. E. 0. Barnar,!, cliicf topographer for the Fniccl States
branch, and by his ,'olleague-.
In the offic. work the writer was ai,le<l hy many members of the Geological
M^vf ,l"T "■!', ■"'' "]'"■'' '" ^^''^ ^'''■'"""' '^"'•'"■'•"f-'^ient of Honour-
able Clifford Sifton, Minister of the Interior, during the progress of the survey
In nun, ,erle-> ways the work was forwar,le,l by the able and most generous
help of the ( anadian Commissioner, Dr. W. F. Ki.ig. to whom the writer owes
the greatest ,lebt of acknowledgment. Professor D. P. Penhallow of McOill
Lmver-itv h.ns ma.le thorough stu.ly of the collections of fossil plants The
collections of fossil animal remains were, with mmdi generositv, carefully
n't
J^ ^-
::t.::.i;i ,,!■ nil. cni.r i.v/av,.v„ ,//./.-. 3
SESSIONAL PAPER \o. 25a
vti.diid a;:.i ,i(,t.riui).e(! iv Ori^. r \V K,.nt „ r u ,•■ . , ,
of ,he T-nlt.d State. .W.^o.ica! Sun-' v 1 ! U- n, 'l M \- "'V ':■•''';''
■ . : •'■la.h.ni I),.,,artM„.,:t ^.f Min, - ,.,rr, ,r,n,.,| v, ,,,.1
n , u ot the are - ..t on tins part of ,l,e Ronn.l.ry 1,.]; l,v thi. alio i„v>< i-'
^ Mn,,;;r- <.;;:„ '^" u 'r' """•■' "^ ^'-^ "■""-• •-- anot.:.i t ;
.rfir.Mii"iJtanc jC'tion <.n ihe Boiim nrv Crrck .li.tri<-t \,.,.. r i;„™i .u
..iter ,na,1. no nK,ro than a ,.o.,„,;. of i' ,i 1 ' m^ ' Si ' 't;^^;:'
liistr.ct. .•orr..bor,,tin^'. -„ far, the arei-ranv of Afr Rr. '"•""'- ' "^"-^ f'"'
tlo.larly ,lifficult terranc. ' •^'''■'' ' "'"f^'"' " "" « P""
Professor Pe,>halIo,vV pa,vr ou the -oll-.-tiou „f fossil ,,hu
aprendix !o the pr. -i-iit n-port. ••- 'i piai „, att
.a-lj ai,a,, -o.; \w ,,• taken, is noted ^,„ the map she.'ts with ■, .nnll nro=- • I
tnc oolIer-t,„n tuimhe;. Some OHO tliii, --option^ of tl„. m. ?
=f,„K,.,l ^;,.,,. „ ,, , , ; , "" "' "" '^'"^''^ ■'^"•0 prepared and
T^ "i h'^..dnl1o '"''." °"" 't'^""' """'^-^'^ ""« •""''" f°^ the report.
' niVd' ^^ the ^'""'";!''" 'f' '"/"'<"" ''.V the writer, besides whieh n.anv
\Aef":.hTu ''''"""'•' -'^ "" "■'■'": "" "^ ^-'//-"'"'^ Parallel Oclo,,.-
A. or c.ch r.,.!d ,-ea.on a onef aeeonnt of ,h,. ground eovcred wag pubh'she.l eithe.-
„1 r, ■' ,' , ^ ^""^ A-tronomer of Canada. A- the work nro-
P^-s,d :t was tho.^ht advisable to publish separate papers on eer ..in p^ne al
M r''"'f;'lt-'th r"' "'"■'■• '"' "r^" ''"""^ ^^•^ «> --^ -^ *>- ^0';;-
vpy of Cnnadn, Vol. 15, l9fl2-3, Part
* hi:i-\in\ii:\i nr niF. i\ih:i!ii,it
2 GEORGE v., A ni2
1. Th. (n.ol„,.,v ..i t!,.. I!..«i,,„ ,„lj,.i„in« th.. \V...t,.rM P„r. of ti„. 1,,..^-
C.na.Iu lor limi, ,„ Annunl R.port. vol. M, l.(..'. Part A, pp' .•'.(.--,
P«r..lM,"' f "^ ti,. \V,.,r..-„ P,„-, of ,h. rnl..r„a,i„„„I \)„uu,\.y. .41.-1.
PP ?oi^'"n.^''''''""'"^ "^ ■' " '""■"""" '^ '"' f-"''-'^ ''''''■•-:. 1.), l:«)i!
^i.Ooolopy of „,, In.ornationn! Boulary: S„„una,-y Hop. G.„l S„rv.-v
a! p^omU ^"""'' ""■ '"'"■ '" '""""' '''"-■•• -'■• '"• '>''-- '-n.7:r;
6 Geology of the Iniornational PHoin^lary: Smn,„arv I{,.p. Ooo| ^orw
I'partmpt of C.na,!,, for lOOj. Otta«-a. llK.r.. pp oi-io,) '
aol ,tH S,^r,uh..an,.,.: .I„„r. (J.oi,,^,, vol. i;!. V.m, pp. 105-125.
20. n^ltx^^i^l ''"^'" "^ '"'■^'«'" ' = --"- ^-- •»--. S,,,.,„.„. vol.
I90.:*p;!':«-S''""'"" "' '" '- ^■"'•"-'- '""'"- J--- '--"•"^v. vol. ,:;.
tl„. Tn.orr^/" "" !;'''''' '^'-■''•i""^ i" th. Ooolopy of tl.o Mountains oro^se,! •,,
tl... Tntornatmna! no„n,)ary ( VMh Parallon : (\) i„ Roport of ri.Uf 7.,
nomer tor ( a.m la tor i!.o:,. 0„a«a. liM.G, pp. 27^" f^ i„ lin !f 'f 1 t'
A-.r,nomo,. for Cana-Ia for 100,;. Ottawa. ^7. pp 'i:ii35 ' " ^''""'
5''« '""""'" '■-^-"'■''•"1 •^~'- vol, .7, J„no. 1.0. ;„:
Af ';\-^'^-'^.';' ^*f-"^""^ I.ijVofion a< a Causal Condition and a> an FtToor of
ifo nt,nn Bu, l,n.: A„K;r. .To„r. Soior.oe. vol. 22. .^opt.. 1000. pp. lO.^.oi!! '^
I-.. IIio Differentiation of a Seeon.lary AFap-nm throufrh C.ravitalive Al
14. The Okannpaii Compo-itc Batholit'i of tl.<. r„ .n I„ ■\r . • t.
PiiII f:.a^l c * ■ , . ""'"""'' Cit the » aji'aile .\roiinfaiM Sv^t'm ■
J'lill. (.eol. So,.. Anieri.M, vol. 17. lOOii. pp •.\o().-^,-(S . - '" ■
^^-. m.^'foo?;';;;''^:;:,.^'^" -^ P-ra,n,„.ian'^ln,e; An,er. X.r. S.i,,,.. vol.
s.-i,,!;:.';;! ^rJr';.s jr^^r/"^'""- ^'^'"^'' ''■'^■^'■- •^'"-- ^'-■
Oeo/U""'/ ^".'"-''"••^""•^Fos^il, and the Evolution of tho Lin.e.tnne. • Bull
l"'oI. Soo, America, vol. 20. 1009. pp. 1,-:1-170.
19. Averapre Chemical Compositiou of iirneous-rock Tw.-- P., ^
AHier. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. 45, TanuariOlO pp.'^|i:240 ' "^
"■n -« ■ . l-l
6ESSI0\AL PAPER No. 25a
'i>H,I. Sue. Ariifricii, v.
2f». OnV;n „f fli.. Alkali.,.. |{.„k-- I!, I
-M. IfMO.
■^.■t)o„nl H.,„„,|„r.v rommissi,,,. .,li . , r .- , ' T ^'^"" ""' '"" ^-
f.ralK.l a-ross ,he ror-iill.-n, Vh. ^ ], i r' ' ' '" ";"; "'- ^-'V.„i,„l,
Societv. X,.„. York, 1,T.;-M Tl.e ,. I p Amerwm, f^ n^ruphi^nl
'^.^ British .ov.r,u;,ont i. ICf^J^^^l Ca.cn.uu wa. tl,. «.vK,gU, for
"t .1.0 M,.jr,.fio„ of (i,.or,.o \f I.nv / -t P„l,h.^..,| „„til IsM. .1,..,,
Pr<.,r,... „f tl,o «:..oln^ioal n, 1 V . ; '•, ;'"''%" *" "' '-' "^ "- '"P-rt of
r«rf R. Otfnva, 1SS4 '■' ''""■'■^' "^ ^'^'"•'i''" ^^r 1>-'^3-;-4.
-.n. His n,.,rt p,'l,lisl,el i ,^ -, '. „•'""' .■'""■^";"" .'V""''^'^>- ^'— -
^•■olo,,- „,ui re.so„r.TS of the r •■ m ,, ' '''''V'r """ ' '-'^rf „„ ,1,..
from th. Lake of the wl,,/: ,,.:;':;'''': "^ ^ "■ f-»-"-""' '-«"'l
<-"itintK.,j his .neniorabl,. rerontni. n, U :^^." '"'l",'"- •'^'"^''^ U-'U Daw.on
^Iry '"i;- ;- -.oo,„p„„i.:i .."'fo x, i; ^[: t,^; "mS ""M" '!"■/' -
-!ci.d to „„r knowledge „f , . f, r, ' i ' Vi " *; "■;:''^"" ^''"- -'"'"-•'>■
pa.lioation. o„ Ri,i,h ,,,'■'■ ■' '"■'■• ;'^t-'-' «-k. Ff,.f,.r..,..,. ,o ,h„
^^oWy OHH ho r,.a.lil o „ ]; h H^ i;! ,''"";"'- '•'^"'- -"' ^^^,-hi„.ton
Purvey of (..na.ia .pLhsiS i^T "k /"t;,.!;;,' iV"'-' \ "^'^ ?"'"^'-'
i'><u,ui-,inn. >,n,„elv:_ .'ttnoh.d to the pro..,.„t Bonnd.ry
ra.:;^W;^i:!"lI„r;^.:5:-';^!-'\„^-': --J I::^-^.. ra„.e. Montana: i.
^ A ,ooio,ioni re..onnai..,n;.;' .,';■, ;;/;:■ ""-• ""• "••^■^^^■
i. .cw ..,np,oye,l ,,;,ho n n, ; n Ooii::f;, f ""■"--''^- '^''^'^''-^ "• ^-''"'P
Vancouver island, and it is ho "d It r"'",;"' ' ''"'""'"^ ^""'^ -^^
-T^-innationoftl^FoHv^ ,, T J; ;,;;7'''-^ "'" -';"" '- '" ''-"' ^- a
•'■'''' -'■'■""" •"■"^- t,' tho „,-.„ I'a,.it],.
r,f,„r,,? .Sketch of Ih. V,,;,;,,,., V.;//,.r-Tl„. .no 'i
pra-.n of ,ho Cordillera and ■o-oo,- IJ, ' , \ "*"-""'" ^"-t'"" P>-"s.e<, ,1„.
e
i>i.f\i;i\ii\t 1,1 Tin: i\in;i<,i:
Wm
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
(•■■iM|.l..xiiy, l,ke t.ir slratib'iui.liic coiiii.loxit.v, \i near \u luaxiiujiu lor tho given
ana .i such n straight fro.s-,.,.ti'.n. A pr.limituirv sk-tfJi of th- ditr.>roiif
t'l'iJourul |.r„vitUT. tiuvrrse.l |..v fl,. li„im,hir,v Mt «ill „i.l r'a.. n>,: ii<r :- .nl^r
^fpiiditig imd LT.Mipiiijf tlir^ iMu~- ..f ..liscrvafiniis to 1„. ,!.t(iil, ;.
Ill t'l.. fir-f np|)rn„ph. xW ( '..r-lillnra nt th(.- Fortv-nii.th Pdn':,-' m.iv t.e
n'Knr.lcl as divisil,],. i„i,, great ^oii,,. These arc r.,1!.. ! th.- T.-;,.t.>- i ;..,.
F.vnclinal (!.lt and the W.-.tm, <i.. .-vn. li„al M.-lt. Tl- f.v.. .■.^.rlap""i.i th.'
vi.'inity nf ihc ColMiiibia ri.cr. From th,. siimniit nf tl,.. >,.Ikirk rans- -••!/♦
cast „1 that rivpr, to tl.o Oreat I'l... :-, - mI. ..entary formation, ar- doni'^'ant
and aro Hi.n„.t entiroly i:ud>ul,-d in ..- ).„p. .trootur-. h..r..aft.>r namn.i ,ho
J>iK-k-v .\I„iinlaiM (;,'„svM,dinnl IVi-ni (..r simply (M-osvn-linal) Th.. -ui^ii'
extcml- in.m Alaska, throned, the Cruat Basin, to Arizona. The^e ••..<^'<, are
F.. nearly nnfnssdif.Toiis tliat thi^ir .■orrelati.Mi with tli,. taudwrd =v-t, ,". ;- ,
l.^atter of ditli-idty. I!,.a-o„s will |„. ,l,ow„ for t'a- l.fll..: tii.r th..'wh'>'.. "n
loniiaM,. proup ramros i„ ap.. fr..ni th.. Mi^s^ssippian f., a an^at •:,„.,■., t..-nitv
lit tho base of the Belt lerraur, or Boltian system, a-, rc-eiilk ram.' •.- Wa'-
CO t. Near the western ero-sinL- of the Kn.,tenay river, tho pris,„ reVs''.,! an
Oder grn.ip of metamorphie roeks. here ..ailed tia. Prie-t Hiver t.^rraii- Tli«
basement on whi-d, the Hncky Monntain (ieosynclimd rests i, nowhere ehe
exi)OHed on the Fopi.v-niath Parallel. -'-v.itre ene
Youn^'er and much more loea! geo^vn^linal prisni>. of r>,nfl..e,,.,. .„ ] Xer
n,''^.„''r"'' .^"T '"■'" ';',';' ''""■" '■" ""^ ^^"'^^ ll'nntain Ge.synelitui alon?
m eastern border. ,n Alberta. Mot.tana, and farther soiah. Xone of the4
younj.. r pnsm.s of preat thiekn.'S3 is represented in the soeti.,n at the I-n.-
national Bonndar.v, l,„t it is eonve.dent to refer to the whole eomp.v„,d belt' o*
heav.v sedinientatton nnder the ,.ne na:ne, the Eastern f;e.i^vn.^linal Belt "
-Mtmlarly, the .lominant s-limentarie- west of the VnUmUi, riv^r o^
lenn.sylvan.an Prjassie, and ( 'retaeeons ape. have beeti aoeunnlated in -,,;
to,cknesses. flje I'ennsylyanian strata have been reeo^ni^ed at many p,;^nts.
fro n Ala-ka to Sonthern Ca hlonua. and it appears probable that late Paleozoie
. dm „tn ,0,, on a geosytudinal seale to .^. plaee thro.^hv.. that Ion. strete k
-More lneaMreso.,„e and Tert.ary pe ,sy,,. mals were i,.„po..d nnon the Pacific
i'order of the pn ,„ developed in the Pennsylvanian ,K.riod. IJo.ks a'^frew'
..■present.np tins older pronp of deports erop out at intervals al! the wav f o',:
tl.e Columbia nver to the Gnlf of Oeorpia. A part of on.. ,-,.• o,..a,> M-v ^^
ms was found in an enormously thiek ma.ss of Cretaeeou^ strata larpe'v
eumpo-ntP he I'asayten monntain r«,u-^e betveen the l'asavtn„ and Skapil
rivers. A tluek Tnassie series is known on Vancouver island nr.l forms n.rt
o the western slo,. of the Skapit mountain ranpe, whi4 HeV be i^en
• ■e Skapit nver and the .^trait of (ieorpia. The ed?e of the Ter^iirv
i::Z:ti"T^ '':■'' ''"'''''■'' '^- aPP-entU-. represented irtn;
J-ras.ivalle.v To the entire eompo-,t.. mass of post-Mi-sissippia:, sedinen-s
oc'eurrinp jn the western half of the Conlillera, the nan,. Wes'er. r.e,;sv^o : ,i
Jielt tnay he piven. >'-'■. nai
1). H-al.ott. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, vol. .«, NV 5, 190*! p.
161.
•- ' _.„. i -• ....•i..
nr.fniiT nr i m: c/iii i i-i i;n\,,\ii:i; 7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Tilt' KllM. Ill <;<n>yt|,.|il|„l ll.'il i.s clliinictl-li/Ocl |,x ,.p,.tl f,,l,|-, l;i,||f.l,i,:,.U,.
M..I (.v.Tthni-t-. Willi Imh iii..,|,.riiti- rrKiothil in.'tuiii.M'pIii.,,, nii'.l .|iiif,- -X'-
or.liiiaU' iKii,ni,> ii.'ii..,,. Til,. Wiwt.rn licit i-i oliurn.-trri^r.l l.v ,-l f..Miii-
n.'asliin^r. >iro„K r.K'i..iiHl i; .hiiiioiiJii,,,,, „„,! i,v hoth l.nlli..litl,i,. i,.tru-l.,M mm.!
V. ,i'iinu' jirtiuii ,,11 II tri-1111,1 -cal,.. |.'r,,i,i tlio w,'<i, m ■.r,.-<iii;' ,,t' ih,' K',.,,t,.ii ,.
mor t„ t i(> Krtll,. vnrr M Immh,! Kork- il,.. sicti.m rm, .-^ tlic \V,.4t Kn,,t,nnv
Biitholitl.i.' i.n.viiic. wlii.h i. partly ov.rlappo,! l.v tli.' Ros^an.l Vol,.,uii','
prnviiic,.. \\,-t ,,f ( ;,■,„„! F,„ks i- tlic Mi,hva.v V-lnmio provinr... Tl„. Ok irii-
piui (e.ist.Tii) ,livis,,,ii ,,f t|„. CmscimK. tn,,i.ntaiii system u cmniwse.l of tli.'
0.wu.up,m rnmi-n-it, l!i.ti,.,liil,, an,] the H.art ..f tli.' Sknyit niiic.- i^ ma.].. „,,
»f the Skagit CimijioMtc Uii'idifii.
Thc-u -.nous ^'M,l,,Hi,al pr.vincv an- treafe.l in thr onlor of Mhv..-i,,n
9S thoy arc (.nrountcr, ,| i:, pa-s'iiK from ea-t t- w.'st. NnmlMTlcs. proMciii.
I.iuo nn-wi .liinnir tlio pm^.fss ,.f tJi.- work. S^.^iul studios have bmi inn.i-
on tlic ivlati. n^ iin.l ..vlyln ..{ tl;.. itmoous rock., which oecnr in the secti.^n on
il >calc iiiit ntt.ii siirp.i--c,| ill ,,tli,T nioiintain chains.
.\ chapter .in tlic n n.-laliire <.f the Conlilleran rani;.- nt the ri,|,.rna-
tiMiul Hoiiii.lary ill ■ nt, s tl„. nec.l of a sy>tei,iatic attack on tlic .JitTicih
irohlom (,t nanies. The loiij; ,lis,'iisse,l l.nt ev.r lu'W .picstion as t,, tl riL'iii
ot llMieston- anil dolomite, coiiph-d with that as t.. the cause of the raritv ,,f
fn.ssils in pie-Silnrian so.limcnts has promptcl a theoretical diapter which
like the chapter on nonien.'latni-o, lia< alreaily in lai-/c-l part 1 ,-en pnl.Ii-h.d'
Other suhje.'ts. incIuiHnjr Kla.'iatioii and phy-ioLTiiphy. wer. m,.;-,. iienitahlv t,i
he eon-idcred and nee 1 no special introda,'fi,iii a» tlii- plac.
■1
mj^m.
tiL«^.?aLr
2 GECRGE V.
SfSSIONAL PAPER No .'5j
A 1013
CHAPTER n.
SYNOPSIS OK IIIK Ki;i'o|!T.
F. r the -•ciiviiiipMct (if tho rt'n<liT n liri<f ali-tiiirt ..f .:•■ d i,i ilu- f, ii, -.vlnir
'•l.aptTS is hiro offi n il. Am ii riili', tlif p' tri)(rriii)}iv, wlii.'li f. rm- n !iirt'<- |.;irt
of o.i''li -y^tciiuitic siftioii iliiiliiii.' wiiii till' r'xk fdriii.itii.n-. - ii,,t snmmur-
;><■,].
( inncii III. Till- iii'«s-lty of r<iili.li\ ijiiijj tlii uc •. m n ,ii,in clinlii
' ;' -North Aiiii>ri'-n into rcliitivoly ^iiiall orottr-ipliif unit- i- f. It 1 v liir tinturiili-t
.vlir. .-i.vrr- niiy \nruc ■»('<'tion of tlwso nioiiiitiiiiis iin'l tlii ii ^iii. mpt- tn iIimtIU'
i'lf rc-iilt- of his Mli«rrviition-i. Sn.'h -iiliilivi-iion f.ir ;i |..li Miil' 1 ctwciii tlio
Ff>r?,\ -..■ ciitii jikI Kiftv-tliir'l piiniiloN of hiiitndo i- ^ntjn -tic!.
For •ici.-iititif writing tlu' well reoodiii/ed mime •Cor.iill.Ta ol North
A.fri'ii." with the iilternntivi', ■ I'a.-itio Moiinlnin Systi m of North .\irioiiiM,'
i- prcffrrid f^r the ohiiiii ii~ u whol.'. Tho iMiiii,\ olln r .iitcriuii ivo iiaiiir- for
t 11 i-hiiiti iin ii.-^t(<l.
Thi- cxi-* iiL' roiiii iiilaturt' for iho ran-cs itos-( d l.y tin Forty-ninth F.ir;;!-
\f] h iiinil' i|iiato ainl to -ionie i-xlflit in confiivii'ii. .\n ainilitioil i iirii'latiiro,
"■isni a« far a- <ic\ I po-silil,. .hi prrvailiiiL' u-ajri . i- ofTi'if.l. Tho inaiii
iK-iplo iidopte'l i- I' at of I'si-liiii: 'op,i(.n-aphic roLiiioii-. lar^oly irro-iK-otivo
ol the jieiieli.' hi-tovy or rock ooiiip,.<iti.iii of tin. difTrrftit ranp <. Siiocifically
!lu lim- of i!<'lin. alioii aro tlii' a\i-- o, th.' i.'r ator valhy- ;ni.| • tii^iiohc-. ' in
til.' iiioiiiitaiii ii>l(>x. 'I'iic liocky .Moiintaiii '{■rfiich, the Purcill 'I'rfnch, the
Selkirk N'alley, ami thi> Lower Okuiuiitaii N'niliy r(piy'*"iit partial liouinlaric- of
the Koi-ky .Moiintiiiii '.ystcm, anil tho I'lircoll. Solkiik. ( 'oliinil ia, nnil f'a-ciic|o
MoMiitain <:<loni- at tho F'oity-niiuh Farallol. Tho iii^'j.'o-toi) iiihilivision? of
tlie-c -y-tenoi for tlio rofiioii ailjaooiit to t' Iiiti riiatioiial Hounilarv inoln.lo
tho \a\\\>. fl<irk'\ MacHoMaM. (ialton. Flailipa.l, Mcdilliirdu. Valik. M. vio,
( abinet, Xchnii, Slooaii, Hoiiniiiiihiii. Valhalla, Peii'l D'liirilh. I'l-iist. Kdni'-.m,
ko>"<Uii,(!. ChiisliiKi. Midwaii. Colvillo. >'an.i I'vil. Okanat;aii. Ilozoinoon. and
>kaf:it ranf;o~ or groups.
.\ .■iiiiall aro.i I'f tho I'lll af liifriinr I'hili mix i- a'-- r. iin-cnted in tho
n.iiinilary lino -ootioii. In llio pioi-iilini;- li-t tho naiiio- in italics aro rnopo-oil
iy tin- pre-oiit writer. TIl- others date from the ox|.<ditioH- of Falli-ior. I)a\v-
fori. Willis, Smith, Cnlkin^, and .MaeI),.iiaM. Tl e siihdivi-ii n :- illustrated with
sketch map-.
• .'ilAPTER IV. — The jfpoIoRioal ilovnription hoiriti-i with an a(00\Mit of (lie
IJoi-ky Mountain ( loo-ynolinal I'rijini, of whioli nearly .ill tlie mountains
I. tweon the- Gr'Ht riaiiis and thp -nniniit of the Selkir! - , ■■> lon |».-eil. Clniii-
lU
111. I- il.l ill \ I 1,1 I III I \ I l.ltliiU
2 GEORGE V, A U12
I'T IV, ,ii.,.,,.„. ti„. -tr itlKr.ip IV in. I -iriritir.' ot' fh,- r|;,rU,. cmmsv (liviiidi-
■■..I. r.iii.-.' .t' Willi- 1, tli.. in..,r .M-r.Tl.^ ,,t' \\,r monnciiii- rnv. r,-.| l.v tl,.. Mirv..,v.
W.llu' rroilM oi, (li,. -u. r,.,*!,,!! ,,f •"..riiiiitloiK were ronfirm.-d l.v .kttiiliMl study.
'Ih.. .,j.i,-t f. final ii.iiH ill thin [..irt ■ l" tli.« If ..■!<>• M.niiiluin nvnti'iii aro tin- Altyn
i'li.l WatiTi.in iiiiiKiK'^iiiii liiie-tnri.'i iiml .|.,l..iiiiti-. Tli.' fornn r i-i lnli.vi'.l V.
Ir <-..ii«iil. r.il,!y tlii.'kt-,- iliiiti 'lin iiiiiimii!;! oslinuitr jfiv. n l.y Willi-, in wl,,,...
tr.iviT-f tlu low.r i-art ..f t'lo AIi.mi f.)riiiiitii)ii wu-. im.i \ i-il.lc, '|'|i,. Iia^e ,.••
;'. Wiit.Tt. n f,.rM..it'..ii i. .-,.., .•■■hI.L At \V;it.ri..i. Ii.k,. n l.,,rii!K lui.« I..,-,,ti..| ti...
I'l.inc ol til. l.iwi^ .,v.Ttiir.i-t iit M c|,.jpt'h ,,f iili..iit I.MH) fcrt Ik-Iow the lake-lovi'I.
Ai ilii.i 1,.,.; tl„- I. it ,,f ih,- i,i,,.-!iiii,. ..iii,.!v.| SMft ,|i,ily nwk- nMsiBno.1 to th.-
( 'r. tii.'i-.iii.
'I'll.' f.i»-l li.liin, ./.DM. W.I- f.Miil ill th, Altyn f..rni.,ti,.n. N'.. mlior
'l.'i.-riiiiiKii.:.. r...-il- w.-v ;,,,Mi i', ilii. r.iiiii.., ll„. M-liai.nt- of whj.li uvr.
!. .-iKiir.I l.y Will,. t„ ,|„. I!,.l, t,-,n..;, ..f il„. Al^r„„k;an. Tl„ y nr.. h-T.' nlln.|...l
t.. .1- |i|,.. l.owis s.Ti... At il„. Kliitli.M.l rivT, a 1,.chI fr..sl|.u-|,tf-r. f.^^ilifor.MM
(Icpo.sit .,t .l.iys an I -,,i, i-i ili,.- Kis!i.Mic)iii I'o'ination .^.'r-urs it U •HsiaiK-l
'.. the Mi f II.'.
Tlir CI,..)., ran-.' f..,iu- a li-s .'t..! l.Ma.l .syn<'Iin.-. wlii..|i is H..ci,loiU-.|
w'tli a few ta,!!- aii-l -^ .n lurv «Mri.<. Tl.f valley of tlw \..rtli Fork of tli.-
Hatii.'a.l rivor i^ an ew.li..| ^rah,.|i or Imilt-troiifrli. TIa. rui.ffc lias Ik...ii movM
iai.twar.1 at I,.;Ht iMglit mil.'s ul,,iifr tn.. ^.-rrat I,owi. thrust. Tla^ wrilrr fav.urs
t!.o vi-w that thi.. tl.ni.Ht. as wll as n.arly nil th.. othfr .l.forniati..n rcpr.s,.nt.-.|
in tla. ran;.',.. .Int. s f,o,„ th,. ,.l,,s,. of th.. I.arami... l.ut tl.l- has i,„t !»•. i. Hn-illv
I.I, vo.l. ■ ' ■
CM.M'm, V, C.ntinuiiu wrstwar,.!, tho ,,M..r imtnln- ,,f tl:,. >f.-osvii,.lii,a'
u 1 unf„ssil,f,.r,..,8, vvero foun.l t-. tiiak.. .,[, th,- ;,MO.it,T part .,f th.. .MarI)„naM
ami (.alt..M rni,R.s. Th.. litl,„!„ay has. h„w.nvr. . •,at.«...l a.i.l in soin,- ..asos
raw nam.., ar.' tfiv.i. t,) tl, .i8tit.i..|it f..rmnti,.ns. Thr whol,. ronforniahl..
m Ml,,. c.,rr...p„n l,n« t,, th,. I...wis ^ori^s. is call,-.! the Onlton snies.
On th,- oast ami vv,.st .-i.i f tl,,- < ialt.m-Ma.|),.imh! mountain »,'roup ,1, v,,.
fa.lt,.,! l,l,H.!;s „t .,s,i!if,.n„,- lim,.sioM,.. upp^ r)..v„i,iaM t.. Mississippi,,,, i,;
W-. make. Pont;M.t will, s,,„„. „r ,l,o !„«,., „.o,nh,.rs .,! ,h.- .....h ol.l,.r C'l.a,
fpri.'s.
Tho .h.niinant -Irn.Mir.iI unit ..f th.. twin r.in-,..- is th,. fault-l,l..,.k.
(•ii.MTia VI. W,.-t .,(■ ,1„. I!,„.kv .M„.,ntain InMich tlio posynclinal rapidlv
a,.s.i,M,r.s ;, l,th..|..(n.al ,.hara..t,.T inarko.lly .|itT,.rorit from that fonn.l in tlu- f....-
ranges ja„ ,„onti.m,.l. Th.. Purcll sysf..,a i- lar.-rly ...nnp,...,! of „„,,;,;
q;...rt..it<.s an,l n,.tarjrdlit,.s. f.r.nin- tho l>„r,vll seri-.s. which is the mor,-
s.lKMous ,..,;nv,,l,.,,t of ,1„. ,|..;ninantly ar,.illa,.,.oa. a,„l ,.al..ar,.„„. or .i..!.Mniti..
s..di,n,.nts „f ,h,. b.;v,s a,„I (;„lt„„ s..rios. Th,- Pur,., il .orirs is of nn„.h mo.
l.(.m,<t.n,.oii- ,.,,Mip..siti,.ii th.iii th,' oth.r tw., -ori,'-
An int.^rU.,l.M v,.!,'.,ni,' formati,,,. of th.' IU-„re-,.ri..,i„n typo, has :,.^„
followed trotn th,. (.,•,., Phiins >„ th,.. sunnnit of ,h,' Jf," uilivrav ran<,',.. wher..
Iht lava .s thicu't. I, i- n,„„..,| ,he P,„.,','I1 |,«va. A .si.'.'ialfeatur. ..f the
iinrmti ni nil. I inn i>//.'>(.\mi;/.;. ii
SESSIONAL PAf-ER No. 2-Ja
IV rii'll "v-tiiu i- t!,' iirp^nii.'c of trii<>k oilU i.i ,i (i lijr 'i iru'i'.-:! I-' lm' ' -
'I 'it"#f iTuptht foriuatiuti- .ire .li <iril>i'il in liit<r cluiph'.*
Till Pur'Tli vvjtcin i* ai*'! .•hura<'t.ri/.i'il l'\ luimirn * .-v i n-.; •.
friiltiiiy. tlii'Uiili ;li M'''ii!!ivrav riitiu'- ^liou- m l,r,,.i.i uiisi ■liii- .ml ••• ■I'u-?.
( iiMiU; \'II. Af tl..- I'lir.i'll Tniiili Mm ntitiuitv "f tho Be—vn-Iii il
liiat^ in < fTp.'fivi'ly lirukoii. Friiit ilir nllu intcl ll.">r of tli ■ trftw" :. 4 I;!;-"
iil'out 'iNtii'ii rnilt- fnrtlii r wi »t llif r .>k- I'liii-ti^ lnKinj •. tli-- . i.' ■ I*ri--i':
lilvpr t< rniiip. ■ :; wiiirli tlic jrpo.-yncliiiiil vv;is ilffiu-'fi •!. .\' tln> « :..iiiir .1: tL.j
\i'liiiiii rnii».'P I.I 'iiMiI,\ (iifirc fliirkii. ^^ ..1' tli' v'i-"<.vii.-liii;i! '4 , kj J. *'.,.
l-riiim hiiviiijr ],<iv I'tin iiptiirnp<l t" a v.ni.'ul |iu,iMi>ii. In ^■ .iii, -sitary hi.'ni-
b' i> nrp holproii'iiC'ti-. inolu'liMir riMipl,,.iifr.i!i'-, (frit-, cn-.ir*!' 01. i tiru- < tr, t-
etMip fiiiinri/i'i-', uti'l tiKtiiruiilitfs. A vit.v tlii.-k voliMiiic •■.i':iiiiii.>ii. .Mt
It. 111! tho I'liropll I, in. I, i- iiitirl i.lili I. A irri lit iiri'-'riiforiuity nt ll" '.ii«p af ■]:>
j;i i,-yii.-liiiil! i- < .\p •-(■ !. Tlii iniiiii' Siiiiunir -.■i , i- j.'iv.-;i t.. tl.i' w'ii.il(, ..' •.!•
!• rrrial'li' tii-"i;ii cf f. riii;it;"ii.-'. fr-iii lli. I.a-.il nn...iif..riiiity t ■ ti-'- liiri,!>ti
p<.rrp«|".ii.liiii; r. tl.<- y uu-^r^r im ml it ..f lln' ri'i-.',l| -,-r'i.-*. U",..; ,,:' ';... arMt
lilt lioi'lilli' tli>' .'^tiiiiii.i' •• li . iua!>("' iin .ii>|iurriitly i'..rif,ii!ii;r.l .■ .:• r-' -vi'Ii
n y..ini(;cr iiu-tmn rtiL..- •! ii,n— .f - Ji nciit- nanp i| tin- I',i;! Ii'ii,. ■■;,. y. , ■-,
\V. -t lif tliat <■••], f;,>-\ fill- n,,.-Ly Mountain ( ipo^ynrliin! i-.i.'k-. I ;, ■ rrMplw-a:"
ill tli' II ;in'i.iry ••■■ti"ii.
iilMil.i: X'lII In ilii- n'mptor tli,. il,.tnil.'.l (lsi'ri|iti.i:: "f ;i. • ^-'Iklrk
KLMtiry i- iiiti ■ r ipi' I. .111. 1 tli>- rniTrlntjoii i.f tli<" T,cwi-i. rJal'..!!. Pur.-c'l. ivA
Snmniit -^rii s '.- ili-'Mi--i'l Tin- -ysti'iiiatio variii'i'iii in tli'' li'lojiirv- '.;" tl.i'
Kfosyiii'li; :1. 11- i' i- cr..---'! fi-,,iii i-ii-t tn \vi'>t. i- lioti''! in -.'Hh' .I.''ai;. an 1 »'••.•■•
C'llcliiai'iii i- ilr..\vn thnt the -..iirft^ i.f tlip chHtic TiiatiTiai^ lav f . tli- 'V'^'war!.
pri'liflW. not far ff ni 'in' p-i-'iit lo.-afii.n of tlio f 'oliunl.ia ri»'i-. X it.- ■•:. ''.if
111' ' mil I'l'lii-ni •■{ iic |.ii>iii in. I on its .ivcrairc spix.itii' irim'tv ai.. n.% ri'I.
The litliol"L'ii-al currr'ati'in of tlip yi-f^yiiflinal with tli.' riitiiliriai. f'r:!.i-
til li.- il'soriliii! hy McC' iiiii.il hihI Wall'.. ft "ii tin' ('aiiiniiaii Pa.'iti' : lil'.vay ;<
(lu'U ili-i-u-sci. 'I'll' ro-iilt is t. iHiiiit to tin' proh.il.ility tlnr 'i;.- l'.-..-v,; ■''n il
0: till Iiit^.rini! ; .:ial IJ.iiinil.i iy i.i laryr. ly Camlii'ian in ntrr. tlio!:^h if . 1- il
niinil er? lull . t.. iirc-Olfiiellu.- horizons (licltiiin of Wnli-ntt). Siuiihir
ci'in-lation witli -ii.ii'.u-t ili-'-rihc; in .Montana ami M.h - i-t;,'-'.; ;, -inr; ,r
Conclii-i 11 n- !.: tlir- ;i(ie of tli.-' so'linnnr* in tlu' four Boiiii'larv =.'ri.>= in] it
is hi'M that a "lu-i'icrablL' thickuL'ss of the 'Belt torrano ' i* p .--iii'.y. if !'...►
prubnbly. of JliiMlc ainl Lr'Apr f 'aiiilirian ace.
Till' rh.iptiT .!..#<■- with iin o'ltlino of lli. iiri;uin..|it ti-.it t'l.. ,i-t- .. ii.!.. >'.
the CorililU-ra. from .\l.-'.fl to .\ii/ona anil iiiflinling the CIroat Bas::. of tlji
United States, has \c<-n the -pcin^ of sfK'oially homy ^'•diiiii'ii'at! r •] irinj th'-
Beltian. Lower t ':inihriiui. an.l Miilillc CanihriaM pcrh-'is. Tli:- l.)W>.'r pirt of ;iio
Ifei-ky i[ou:;laiu < ■r..<ynfliiu.i. a.< (icfineil, has an axial tT'-nd faitiifnliy jiarill''"!
to the main (\>r. liih, ran axi- of tie presnn- day. This a.' ■-yindiim! -.itT.i-.H i
loi^al deforinatioii 1! i-inj.' an early Mi'Mlo Canihrian :"rioi. at: i. .T the >l''li..'
Ci'inhri. F! t'liol -^ ko. \ri\>- ■^'■neral'y depres-i'i! Th." ai . •' - ''•■:.• -[y.i
f
19
/././ 1/,-/ 1//. \v (>!• -I III-: i\ii:i;i<ii!
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
WHS thus cii'argiil ;iiiil (iiiMi^itiuii was gpiicrall.v continuous tliroujfh.uit the Cur-
ililloraii U'h until near the elose of the Mississippian. Upon the Paleozoic beds
tniik ("retacioiis ami !"< rtiary prisms of seilinient were I'M'iilly laiil down. TIdsi
looal peosynelinals and the master Rocky Mountain (leosynclinal compose the
Eastern Gensyni'linal Belt of the Cordillera.
(^iiAPTKR IX. — Returning to the systematic description of tin' rocks, the
important rurcell Lava fiirination is here considered. Its c!inracters in the
McGillivray. (Jalton, Clarke, and I-ewis ranges are outlined. Certain associated
dikes and sills are described and the relatiou of this fissure-eruption to the thick
sills of the Yahl: and Movie ranjres is discusseij.
Chapter X. — The intrusive srahhro sills of the Purceli mountain system
have already l.een ilcsirilied in preliminary paix?rs. The matter of thc-c puli-
lliations, together with ^onie new material, is prcseiitcil in cli;iptcr X. It I-
largely petrographic. A group of the most important intrusive hodies di--
envered has 1 cen <:ivcn the name. Movie sills. It illustrates the aliility of -„\uf
very thick M'a^:inatic sheets to assimilate their country-rocks — ()uartzitcs in t';e
case of tie Meyie sjlU. The proofs of this are discussed in detail, and siniiliH-
ca:es are briefly compared. The principle of pravitative diffcri'iitiation ef
magmas is evident in all the cases.
CiiAi'TiR XT. — The sedimentary rocks of the Xelsun ranye. ..tiier than tho-i-
of the Summit scries and some others intercalated in the Heaver Mountain
volcanic formation, include: the Kitc!;ener quartzite, a smidl outlier of which
seems to he repre-cnted alonjt the western dge of the Purceli Trench; ilic P.ic-t
River terriiiu: iind the Pc nd ICOreille >;r..up.
The iire-Caud>riau Priest Kiver terrane, the oldc-t nick-t-roup identified
in the Boundary sccticin, is composed of micaceous schist.s, quartzites, (^uart;^
schists, dolouiiti -. and luctainoriiho-ed irreenstone-. arramred iii meridional
hands, hot so cemiilcx in -trncturr a- t'l defy all attciuiits at dei-iph<'rinir thi'ir
true relation to one another. The petrography of the ditfercnt bauds |- ,l,.s-
cvihed. ami a nete is added ('n the correlation of the terrauc wlt'i others found
in the Conlilicra r.irth and seiith of the Boundary line.
The Penil D'Oreille iiroiip is diviilod into the Pond D'On ille linie-foue aiel
the Pend D'Oreille schist. As exposed in the Boundary belt, llieac rocl.s occur
in the hatholitiiic prevince of West Kootcnay. a fact which helps to explain thi'
heavy inetanvrp'.iisu! of this grniip. The linie-toiie is locally unfo-siliferoi's
and. with 'ome do\d)t. i- i ornlatc 1 with the similar marhh^ iif definitely Cav-
bonifcrou:- age at Rossland. The s^.histose division includes pliyllitc. -beared
qeiart/ite. amphihoiite. and iiassivc greenstone, whie'h are intiuia'idy .is-ociatcil
with the lime-tone and are ii;cre!'orc ti ntatively referred to thi' lipjMM- Paleozoic.
Then follows a hrief ;i!ialy-is of the structure of the Xels,,ii rai;_:' (•'Selkirk
system). Tin' Piireel! Treneh i^ Incatcd at the Forty-ninth Parallel on a fault
trough repre-f-ntiiig (.neat vertical displai'ctnent. ITcn-izontal shit'ts an^l a power-
ful ovcrthrn-t. with rotation ef the tlirust-i>lnue. are among the ui.'re i'uoort.int
structural e'e:; . i i. n '.),' ~. : ;i a i f -I r.oig ilef. r ii;al inn.
uM3»y.iJi iLiitgyB^^^syjiiBe "nxsn^m'wtm
?wt. fxy^m^mt^
in.i-Dur III nil: ciiii!- .i>7/,'o\«,i//.a'
13
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
<'llM'li:ii XII.— Till' Priest Uiv.r lorr.un. tli^- formati'in' if tin' Siiiimiit
scries, and the Peiid D'Orcille group nre cut hy l>uthnlitli<. «tui-k-. ;incl iliki> nf
igneous rock- of varied nature. Chajiter XII is largely devoted t'l tlio petru-
grapliy of tliesc eruptive bodies as expo-ed in tlie Selkirk range. In ad<litiuii,
e. I tain iniiicite dikes ef the Kos^land nieuiitaiiis. lieiug eloieiy ndated to otlier-
oieiirring in the Selkirk-^, are deserilied in this lOi^inter. .\ thoroutihly ahnorinal
' granit .' proliablv a hybrid rock. e\ils the Kitchener quartzite at the edge of
tie Ivo' teuay rivi r alltiviuni. A tentative cuiTehitim of all the fornintions
c inposin;: the ."Selkirk mountains within the Boundnrv belt i- jiiven in tabular
fonn.
("ini^TKR XIII. — Thnngli the TJos-land mountain grouji i- a small sub-
division, the ten-mile belt crossing it sliows an extensive variety ..f fornuitions.
chiefly IgnC'ii-. Fo-siliferous Carboniferous limestones, and rretaceous (?)
shr.les eecur near TJossland; and conjjloinerate bearintr fos-il leave- (rretaceous
or Tertiary in a>re) was found on Sophie mount.iin. The ar ally important
fermatio'.is iueludi- the Kossland and Beaver Mountain croups, (latites. ande-
fites. and bas.dts), the Trail bathiditli (granodiorite'), the Coryell batholith
(syinitei. the Tio-slaud monzonite. and the stocks of Sheppard cranite. A
peculiar '.livine syenite." occurring also in the Bonnington range, and a dike
I f th'. rare petrojiraphic type, missourite, are described. T!ie structural and
time relations of the fonnations are discussed.
CiiAi'TKH XIV. — Bitween Christina lake and Midway the bed-rocks form a
eoiuplex. which is very similar lo that in the Rossland mountains. The Chris-
tina range j, chiefly composed of plutonic rocks, which include the gneissic
irranite (sheared granocliorite) of the Cascade batholith ami the aplitic granite
of the Smelter stock. The orij-'iii of the banding in the batholith is briefly dis-
rupstd and a lateral-secretion hypothesis favoured.
Acro-s the north fork of the Kettle river the formation- have been studied
\'.' detail by Mr. 11. \V. Brock, from whose report liberal quotations are made.
For puri-oscs of lonvenieiice in later com lation- the present writer gives special
names to two of the formations descrilied by Mr. Brock. These new names are:
Attwood series, and Phfrnix Volcanic group. The usual tentative correlation
t.dde i- apiicndcd.
('ii.xrnn XV. — .Tust <'ast of Midway the section enters the Midway volcanic
provinee. lepresenting thick Tertiary lavas and pyroclastic dep.isits. West of
the volcanic mass is a broad band of metamorphosed Paleozoic seiliments extend-
ih^ to till 0-oyoo- batholith. This chapter describes the two proviiu'cs, the
Midway province demanding the greater detail of statement. The Paleozoic
j'diments. with included greeiistone and basic schists of ivneins origin, are
i.iuued tlie Anarchist series. This series i- unfossiliferous. but on lithological
grounds, i- correlated with the (^ache Cre<>k series md other upi)er Paleozoic
j;roupf described north and south of the Boundary. Unconformable u\Min it is
ibc fos-i!it'(reus (Oligoccne) Kettle Hiver formation. conipose<l o' ennglomerates,
Si'iid-tone-, anil shales. These sediments are confiirmably overlain by thick
14
I : I ; 1 - « ( ■ -
'"''■^''■ryf-yrorniBisTEHioR
2 GEORGE v.,
r -vrv "' J '";"'"•'' '■°''''^' '''honolith.) ,1,?'*" ■"^^--"^ include dikes
r'. O arc the i„tru-iv<> types. A l"V'., ' ?, ■''"'^"T''-^''-" ^'"'^ P^''«*k''t'' I>or-
J^' '•■■f.irv ntrus.vos are al-o descTilu-.I "■^fus.v., type.. Various
;^^'- b..i. .'1;, ):i ;;rt;f js -—<•!.=;:;. d;;;.: ;" '^i;::
t'U.;dar,v br-h. The petro^m ph e 4^ ^ ^"^ "'"T "^ P^"''^"i'^ roek i„ t ^
I'iffe
TCI.t
''■•- -ay be q.-icklv Ob a e bv° an"-"^ ""•'^''"' '">
"'"IfT 'Chapter XVT • '^I' . ■\^° /"speetion of ,i
'f ■■•'.t,.:„- u„,ler 'Chapter TVT'^'r '''' "° '"^P^-'ion of ,1., : ;, , ""
■•' -^^ - ' ^^ .!>. 'i:;ZL^' ■ ^'^ -^''- - »'- directed t: u,:' jii;::;;;
^;^rS:aS':^:p5rx--^£;^-
;-".i-i.i.^ Kreeoia for,," the b'T^e^beToTth '''''^: '''' '"'^'^'■^«"* '''»-" o
^efo..ed „:::^h;:: :;:r^. :s'dips^tL:^-- ^ ^^-^ ^rx^^
Oinp creek canvon a preat f.,.If l • "'P^' ^eeremng toward the west \t T^^f
^•ith the n„.eh^,der"iroLt tn^: whiT" T\^-^«r^"^ belsinfoUnS
Ar.rch,st Attwrod. Pe„d D'OreiJIe and (^ ho r "'f '^'^' ^'^"^'"t<^'l ^itl, tho
Intrusiv,^ bodies with tb„ /i !•' / ^° ^'"'^'^k ser os.
;^7 "'. *^-- I'-'"'nr.v belt. The e , enei^Tf iti ° "^°^''" "^^^^^ '"'-^^o
^^Hl™' °^ """' '^ ''^^^~ "^=^^"'S-;Vt:'^
--.j;r'"S ^I'S:::;;!^ ^i!!'if 21 "^^^- ^"^-^^ - '--•-l on another
.'he Paeifio -dope of tl.e Ska.it range , thtlTr"?' '" "" '" P^^^'''-- O,
;^mest,.ne, with . heavy ,nass of nTer'be.lS , ' -^ "-^■■"'^•^- ^'^'^'i^t.ue, and
arbon.ferou.) a„d nnder the Inrnfch H^ "l^""''''' '' ^"''-''iferons pper
r.zo„,een ..eries. So far a, known he" 7,^ TlTl '' r"''^'' ^"^^'^
>n the Sk.g,t ranpe. Fos.iliferon. rTn.l *''^, '^'"^t "'"^^ locally developed
format.on. ,va, fonnd near Cult," lake TtV'l^'"'*'^' '"''''"^•^' "' the Cultu,
--tl.ward is ealkd the Tamibv r , " It i ''S "'/4 °^ ^"'"'^^^''"«- ^^c , to he
0-o.u.a; ....,,. , .,,„,,^,^., ;.^^ - rU:r^^" !-- - rt. but on Hth-
----H the creta=^:;- ::-----
■w.^^'m^iJ:^^
ftE^'^MInEuy'
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
''^■''""'^'"'"''■'iiirr As,}:,,suii,:i;
15
"vly t..->iiiu.r,,„s .a>,.l^t,„Hs „„,1 ,.,„,-
"' l"n,i„ti,.n. which is prohnhl.v e<|iiival-
A very thiuk v.],ni,ic pilo
■ ■I'l.'rl fho SkML'it VnlcMMi,.
On SiiiiuKs iiiounfniu coai-h.nriiit- .■!
j-'Jomerat. 3 am included in th,. Hii.iti,,
ent to the Koeeno P„get l^cls „f Wu-hinfrt.-n
• orinatioii. '
R'>A< nssiir,,,,,! to the IW.oniern >o,ie. nrr ,-nf l,v >1, r .
olith (.iH.nrd grano,Iiorito). ontcronr j, ' Vt T •. r , """' *-'""'^'"' ^""i'
•s pos.iblv of Jura^si,. ... i^. , K ,' r"'"'"" "V"" ^'^■"'-"■' '•■''"'■"^- ^'
sranodiorite, which i^ Rcut .aliv oo, nr ' "". V'";"-\ ^?"'""«'''< ■■•'tholith of
Sle.se diorito. Other fnt .-ivt „,~^r T /' '"'''" '"''" "'•■'- "aniod ,ho
-th ,.0,.. on ...elation and ::. h;;-;^,::;:,^':;; t-t:;, ,:;^;: ■■"^m.o^ e,o..
and thrown into tab.dar form A c "' ,^»''^"""n >^ then hri.lly di<,.„ss..,l
Cordillera closes the cimpter "■' '''^''''' '' '""^ '^-•"" «"!' "f the
Cordillera of the^Fo ,v -^nth Paralle xr"' '^' ^'t^'""^ ^•^*°'->' "^ t^-
followed by a note on the thtrfr'^^lnntrin-^, S;"'''^' '"^^ ^*"^--* ^
t-. ;ia:5:;:eS-;f]£ Jr^ ^- ;;;!;f >; ;;f the ohservatio„, n. „,.
at the Forty-ninth ParalW «= V *'"' "'"'""* CnrdillorP.. io<,-cap
.lonble rows^f :l^"ttrs d in^rtho K ?' ^''''''' ''''' ^''''- ^^^ t^
-y^tem during the PloLocene an de crltl S;: ' ""• '""^ ''f ^'^ '-'■■'•d-
then considered, beRinnin- witi he Oh t ^''"^'^t'"" "f each ranpe i.
the chapter is t'o he found at i'VcL^; 1:,"""' "" *'"^ '^"*- '''"' ^^^""'^ °^
a division of the Boundary zoIi^tophi;.'Sh-'""*'''- "^"",' "' '"""^'^'^ ''^
A running account nf the mrplo W ' f .f. '^'''' I'rovmc ■«, listed in a table,
"ith the Front ran^e svnclir^l .f ^a^ /i^'" ''."Tr"' T"'"^'^^- beginning
of the nuestion as 'to Terti y Z^r:LZ^7';l'V ?""^""'""" ''^'^"^■^-"
'^a.,ad:. n.onntain.. The cn'-o L Tv . I *^%^'°"t '""ff''^ «"<1 "f the
mountains (large extracts from a p o uiinrr"^ n"' """l'"'' '"^''^ '" ■■'''''"«
^iMered, The chapter closes with Ts to , t ^^7"" "" !'^"' ^"'■''^*^'^ ''^ ^°"-
rh.^..aphie development of J ^r^E' I' /i^ ^^;:li-h •t;:^!- ^"^
expC:rif^s:;7Saffi:;n!:ieiStrt""^ '^tc-^ -■^'^ '»'<'
t;ons, and of the related fact that he ^ t J'«i v^f^I^ r't" '°™"
•'iihareous like r. -,f the nost-rflnbrinff .? '^ .' "'*J, "^"^ ^'^»'^» a^ not
tne post tan.brian fos? ,1 remains. The favoured explana-
10
Ln.i'\inMt:sT or tuk isrumtiit
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
lii.u was jfiveti in tw> ppcliiiiiiiarv piijuTs iniil ttio iirKiiineMt ii-i ;i wlioU- is \u-v'
piLSiiit"d for the first time. A sumimiry on this hifrhly coinplfx siit)jt'ct is giviti
in tlie chapter. The origin of tlie thciisnnil^ of feet of limestone ami dohiniite
found in the Rocky Mountain geosynelinal and in the Priest River terrane is
r.ttributi'd to ilirect cht-miriil i)reci|iit;ition ,,n the floor of the open ("■.•iiii. .^tiUi>-
tics show that til.' lime-touea of the earlier L'^eohi!.'i<'al perio.ls were urininaliy
more magnesian than thus,, of the later peri. .1^. This ivolntii.n of tiie lime-itone,
IS paralleled with a eheuiical evolution of tn<' oc(au.
CiiAi'TKR XXIV.— 1< an introduetiou tn a pMnral theory of the iirneou-
rocks, the statement of which occupies the rest of the report. The Mode classifica-
tion is prcfern^d and a table shewinp the nvcrape eheniieal eomiwsition of each
reek type is insi-rteil. Ma^'matic heat in the earth !■; lielii'viil to he chiefly a
primitive inheritance, though some of it is dne to radioactivity. The argument
for a genera! basaltic magma (jKrhaps highly rigid at the depth of the snh-
sfrntum) is presented, and is foli> >s''Ci by the argument for a primary ai'id shell
at the earth's surface. All igneous action is preceded by abyssal injection,
whereby the basalt of the sub-tratum mechanically displaces thc> lower part of
the earth's crust ami rise? to an average level which is at moderate depth below
the surface. A note ou the essential mci'hanism of central-erupticn volcanoes
lis distinct from fi-*urc-. ruptinn volcanoes closes the chapter.
Chapter XXV. — Di-cuses the classification of igneous intrusive boilic-.
I'lie favoured primary division is into injected and subjacnt bodies, the former
group being largely -atellitii; to the subjncent masses, -which are ini'omparably
the more important as to volume.
Chapter XXVI. — The genetic proldcm of the eruptive rocks is, at its heart,
also the problem of the l)atholith. This chapter discusses the proce-ses by which
batholiths are believed to have been formed. Their typical field and chemical
relations are sketched. The older hypotheses as to the methods of intrusion
are compared with the stoping-abyssal injection hypothesis. Abyssal a-siniiia-
tion of sunken roof-blocks is a prominent eh'ment in the favoured cxplanatiiui
cf batholjthic magma-. The chapter is largely a reprint of three prcliuiiuiiry
pppers. the matter of which is here systematically assembled.
Chapter XXVII. — Considers briefly certain points in the wide subject of
magmatic differentiation. The dominating control of gravity is emphasized.
Chapter XXVIII. — The principle-i stated in the last four chapters arc
here api>lied to a genetic classification of magmas, and then to rocks actually
found in the Forty-ninth Parallel section. The rock families specially discussed
ore the granites, granodiorites, diorite-. andesitcs, gabbros. ba-alts, coniplc-
nientary dikes, pegmatites, and the alkaline types, iticluding the syenites.
ei
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i
2 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A. 1912
CHAPTER III.
XOME.VCI.ATIKK ()!• TIIK
.MoiNr.ux i:A\(iKs cnossi-i* nv riri.-
KoiiTV-NINTH I'ARAI.I.KI..
IMHiiDl ( T|i>\ AM, OITMNK.
Although tlM. 8,...tio„ ,.„v..r..,l l,v ,1„. I!,„„„lar.v C ,i..i 1
n t exon.l t,. \ an.-ouver ...land, if i, „l„„.t as lon,^ as ,he luMRe.t
"". " cro...M.,.tH.n of the entire Himalay..,, group of ran^e. from
.K...,ns,. ar In, .a to the Til.otan platoa,,. If th. wl.ol,. of Van-onv..- i-lan,I «'
'"7 '"'.f '"'''" '"'>■ ^"f"N-lui,. ,., iM>: ,1„. Ili,„ala.va>, ..on.pl.x at ri-lit
pamfw t r'^l" T f' '''•''-'^' "l IIi"u,Iav.,s and M,. at their broa.lo.t a. co,,,-
■ nduatcd by a -ompan-on of area.. Th.- ,•):.„ of the Iliiualava^, unn^r tlu,t
tern, m >ts larp-r *eMse. eovers about :?0,'..0<X) s,,nare nnl.-s; the Alps of E„rope
1.0iH»,(K)(i square m.les: ami the western ehain of North America, over 2..W OOO
square miles, (.^ee ais,, Plate 3.) -.> -v.ui"
Th,. vast mountain r.jrion erossed l.v the International Uoundarv betw,..,
Canada and the 1 nited .States ha- always been very ,parsely inhabited. In the
CMffraphie features ,t is Kenerally eompliea^ed. ofte.i to the utteniiost Its
exploration ,s only well bepun. There are thus ,.„.ellent reas„„, whv the .noun-
Ir^n units of this re^Mon are m. ina.le,,uately named and systematized in peo^ra-
ph:.;d works whether .sstu'd is offieinl Ooverument reports, as edueatio.ud text-
bfoks or athiMS, or as popular reeords of travel. Vet. whether he will or nut
tU explorer responsible for a re,H)rf on any part of thi. retrion must eonfront the
question of names. He returns from his rupRod field, and. to tell of his findings
nn,^t use common n.,uns to indicate what kin.ls of land-nlief he has f.uind and'
M'oper names to aid in individualizing and locating' those reliefs i-, the hu-e
linekbone of th. lontinent.
This duty has fall.n to the writer in the ta-k of reporting on the jreolo-^v
01 the mountains erossed hy the Forty-„i„th Parallel. Though the same trans-
■ noutane section has been describe 1 by the ..MMlosi^t, attached tr> the l>i.-,7-*!1
tommissioM. thoufrh it occurs aloug the most thickly settled part -,f British
<_clumb,a. and thouph ,t is nowhere very far from the lin.>s of tw, transcon-
tinental railroads a complete and systematic aroupinp of the mountains on the
l^cundary has never been mad... The difficulty ..f supplvins the lack w,s f,.!f l,v
JSa—Vol. ii— 2 17
??r
Hi
nn-AKTUKsr -I //// isu:i!ioit
tl„. wr' I ■ • ■ ^ GEORGE V., A. 1912
hut '^iuo^Zluyt^, 'n.^ (^i\Ur^,i'Tij':!^r *""''""? / "'" ''""ndttry.
nlr^ady in vop„e U>,.,„„o flppnront onnfusmn of tho nomonoh.furo
ranges ...v, fnr awav from £ F m- nin.l "p' ' n \^"';";""-l'">-- "f w-storn
tl..' ciiff,.r,.r,..r. of u<affo are r^Jlr\\ f"""' "^ '""*'"'•'• E^tnpleg of
^ehi.,no of no,„on.-l.ture. pos.iblv to [,™„ f '"";/""^ ''^'". ""^'1 "f n oonsisfo.it
may somo ,Iny l,e o.tXisl,p!l *^^ * ''"'"' '^^'"""^^ "" ^'"''^h uniformity
no.Sa;::r':,^r.:;„;^,;r";;;--7--' i*' ^ ""^^ —^ ^^ ^he
Internatio,,.] nonn.la^ .'PProprmfo for fl,„ rango« crossed by ,be
DIFFKRENT .NOMEXCLATlIiES IN USE.
an>o,S'\,2o7iHo/°;esiJ:;.ii:i;"''or:ho°' "°"\''"'-''r"''' '^-^ '"«'i« ^oth
au.horitics influ.ntiall^ an.Jn", ,1" r""^ °^ '""'""^^ «"'» """"f^
.tl.o present p„rpose of .li^! he 1 k / 'T °"''^'""' ^°"''=^«- ^-
into which the (Treat mass of thl, 1 '"'^ ^'V"'^"™'*>' ""'1 tJ>o oonfusio.i
of roferenoe, it '! "ot .uffioj „ t to r"' I""' '' V '^ '^'^"^""'•"^ "-^'in^ -orks
o^ onreful sei.ntiHc m<„o, "h Pe Inr "'"""• ^"""'' ""'■^- '" ^-v-nnu-nt map
■•-^ the reeor.l ,0 be made rot IjnZTT ""T'"' "'"' "' ""^ -"'neetio'
from standard influential S.-l?.k In "T; ^'■''\ ""'"""' '^^^"^-Pl"'-. an.I
atlcn of but a very li.nit d ,1 er ' i -"i"'; " ''"■' '■•■'■"'^^^'' "''' •'■^"'"in-
the n.oral. With few x,l, n th ' T '",'^ "^ ">"l'-itative w,..'
Kr.^lish lanK„ape. '•'"f'"""^ f^,. only works co„s„lte,l were prin:-. ;„ the
professional work. The wr tn 1 "1 ' i. ,'^^'T''''^''!*'' "f"^ °^ ■^■■' ^"'"tion in tJeir
t.ly reah-.os the wi.Io lat tuki n , an n^ T '' '" ^^ *"''' ""^ ''« "°^ '^"'"P'e-
■'«-.ling with Nortl, Am an ;; ZX"""^^^ i'.H-ntial publieations
..ographioal soeieties and al^h.e e n 'ttt tl v'lin^lr ,'" ''T "'^'''' "' '^-
ment of one traveller, that h^ fo, , ,1 „' 1 7 " ^''*'''r'' ''* '''"^f' tbe state-
that his hotel a,.,.„mn,orti ^ a'htarL;," ^^t""""""'.'. °' ""°*'-'-
fi'PgcstivP pap,.r of Prof. R„„,]i ,,' f. """' ba.l. and leave undiscussed the
i-.er ...raphieal featt.refof xlnrAtr;;"^''^;:'':.':;;./^ ""'"7 "' '''
. 1 ^- IT- It -
'-'■'■"iir or Tin: i iiir:i A.,iiuK,>\n n
10
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 254
to !l.e K ,r. |.i.u:, j;. ..jfrapher- it tli,. \!„ , , , ,
^^'■""'.''•!- .ic,..n.!..,„ o„ ti,.. : .:, ,;:;"';;r ;•'''•!'"■; " ':"'■' ""--'^
iMiii.tiiii ... ' '''^'' ■ "' "I'livi.liiiil wrif.T. .,ti those
i' ;.< W'!l k;.i..wi: thut (me of tl ,. Hr . i ■
K'.up .'vinp i,.,«-,...„ ,1,, Pa.ifi., ;„, .,':';':'?';'.',";'" ■" ""■ ""'^" ■ "t--^^
n:. r„r,ii:i,n>. „f ,i„ .\,Klc.,' .,r' I V , ""'"' ^'■" •'"•• '" l':,M,l.,.I,i.
Pap«=s f.! l,:j.h.,.l.,., (Jovernnwnt r. n, r \- /* '"''"'"'^ "" '""■^'"tK-
i-t<.r._nK.,.olr. an.l of ^u"!; 1^^ ^i^Ii^j^J:";^; 'V'^T'"' ^'"■' """'^^'
>^at^ St..^^.ni^ • Co,„„„.,Ii„„. ,./.; S,:',;"^;""'"^""^ "^ ""■ ^'-'-1
The tinie-ho!i„uro.l, ..m,,,..,,,,. si- il.,rK ' i •
with vr.n«nt.. •]^.H<y Mo,,, 'i^s ...'>' ,"''''' """"'' R'-Kv M..,n,.un.'
I--ev.., held the -ion^iMan p, .'^ ^"t' "', '^'^'' '^"""i"'" ^''■'^- *■"■■• i^-'
-'aulv .vi.;e,.t. F,.r the Tnite,! St" .' f - '""' '""'f'-" ^^ "•""-
a.o:-- '""" •^'"'"'- ' li.renco Kiiitr wrote m ::,n<>rafion
' Tij- preiUest loogftie-s nrrvn'l- t'., _ i >
tj^e general .iivi^ions nf the „S ^ , S' '^, '^>' . "— 'l^'f .v -f al!
•ninf to lI^:."^; ir s o7 ""■ "; '"^"^ "'^' ""'- i^-^y „'.;:
■^o,.h .h.n -tH;.ed\^r,e.S,.XX -^^t: f T"?^ ^ ^^^
^f tne system. h„t when snron,) „■ , "'-'""• tif' Od^tern iMirdiTjn- ,.ha ii
;the'':Jf :;:^ti;''t::;:::r::,/':;i;;''^;r'''™''''"'^f -^'-^^ ^--^^ -^^^
i-iS'toncoi irt.-f=r TI.o ""'•'»"" --till uthor pfiiePiil naiiirs ii,,v.- . „:v ,f
Ti.» ......--- - .""^ '^'■I" ■"•■ "Tlr. :,ro also rntoml in the table
i"'- ■' .-.'- N Whitney's work on the Tnite.]
V 1 tn-it3in-M lilt'
i.'ie aiithciitv for some of the o
-t ,tes, p. bli^hed ill Boston, ISso.
Mountains of the Bripht ,«:tor-s
>h-ninj|r Moiiiif.-.ins
•C.i-
,,'■"'"'"', "^'"' "i<i of eigliteenth centiirv
•Mor..e. I niversal (ifo-raphy. 1n,j. '
-v'l r^r"*'""- '"^^ ''"--^I'^I. Systematic (Jh.Io.v. ,878. p
m
' '•■-.: 'lai
uo
Kii'Mii Mr\ I III nil i\ II umii
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
M. ii.y ..r S' hv M.Miiit.iiii- Arniw-inilh, ITl'S; l'rr»i>l<iil .litT. i- ii,
(■■'hmil>i.iti <•>■ < M- Hit, Mil- Tiir.li<Mi, isjii.
• lii'iM wii.v.iii M.. iiitiiiii, Ilii.tnii, l.'«3l.
'ibe ('nnlilliT.is "I '111' Aii'li' I ill luirl I lliiiiil (i!ilt, !■'"•'.
The Cinlir.T,! .•!' !!,.■ Ai'i.- (in pint i lliiiiilo'ilt, l-'ii''.
'I'lii' C.r.lill.T, -
The C.plin.r.i
■ ■i North
Tlir \V,-t.Th ( ..rlii!
AlMi'li-ll
Tlie » 'T'li! r.i- mT N.ii'tli AniTlcii
Tho Ct lir..iMi, It.'ji 'ii
'I'hi- ( '"V 'i!!.'i 111 S>-t.-ni
The ('..iilill.Ti Sy-Mu
r:u- (■..r,!ill..r., B 1-
"i'' e I'lii'iri.- ( '.•r'.iili': ;i
■|'!'r C'dplillciun I'hiti";
Wliitncy. I'ti"""; iiiiniv nuili'ir- -im".
<i. M. l)ii\v-..ii. H-'l; <i Hill. ti. 1>'.>'.
Hiiiiil M<-\iilly. VMKk
.1. I». Ilium, 1^71, l»-'>.
I[iiy,l,.|i. l^^:!; I it.'. IStJ.
Whitury. l-*!'."*; IIuyili>ii. l"*-*:'.; Shul.r,
Wliitii.'>. l-'iv Kiiiii. !■«:«; I!ii'il>-k-r,
lliiyilfi,. IHSli.
C> M. Miiw-iMii. 1-T'.»: Uiiii !-M.Niili>.
litOJ.
I!l -KCII, l«l".l. l'.M(».
irnydcn, 18-*:!.
riieCnr.lilltTiK.ftii. lt...!<,v Mouiitftini J D. Duna, IS'.T..
l.i'p. ntf. 1-n-.': Ilcilpriii. 1>«'.»'.': iii.iiy
OtluTS.
'iT'f R.n ky MMiiutiiiii Sviti'iii
Tile Kocky Mniiiitiiin U.'iii.in
' lie R.M'ky M..uiit;iiii Belt
flic Ivorky Moniitaii'-*
Tlio I'lU'ltii- M..iintiiiu-
Tl,.- W.-t.rn liiiililirJ
TIk- U.i'kv M,. ii,t ,ii.. !!i/n!:in.l
Tho W,..', TM ri.r. ;. 1
rcnvfll, 1ST.-; (;. .\l. h.iw— II. I-'"";
Cannctt, HOn.
ILind-M.-Nally, l!Mh'.
[.•wis iiiid Chiikc: popular.
Kusscll, I'^'.'t). \mi: I'ouoll. i-"'.!'.'.
n.ie<l('ker, IS!*-!; K'citli .lolm-tnn At'n-
iNOii; Diivi-i. r'!i".t.
I'r.vo, IMt.'.. I'.tiil.
Ki'tfli^li FiniHriiil Ail is l>iij.
lu nio>t roi'liiiiciii w'liiiiK-. of liotli Koverniiifiitiil iiu.l priviit.- oriuiii. tlu'
sii'-'gp-ti.iu of ^'.Tl^fIll■y Im- lii^i'ii followcil with varyiiijf fiilolify diirint,' tho last
for'y-f,.iT yi'.ir-. It i- •li'iir tluit tlii' iiilicrciit <'oiiiiotiitinii of ' t'ordilltTa? ' i-
(Jifforeiit from that "f • < 'ordilh^rn.' The oiio einpha-iz(>s tho fnnipoiuid iiatiin-
of the I r. srniplih- unit; tin- itlier, the >in'.Mdnr form of tho word, cmpha.size^ the
orcaiiio iiiii .11 ..f iiieiiibers. llaydeii iisod hoth forms < *" tho word. Tii rooc.nt
yiar- th.-ro h;i- hi>oii ,i rath.T widespread ailoption of rh.' tonii in the siiiirular
number. In 1-71, ■!. D. Dana proposed that tho great inountaiu systeiui of
North .\iiiiri.'.i lie refi>rr.''i f.i as the 'Western f'ordillera ' and the ' Ea-tern
ro.;dil!i>ra,' the lattof thus synonymous with wh.it is now oommonly eallod the
Appalaohian -y.stem. Russell, in !''>'.•!>. pro])' -ed ' Pa.iRe. Cordillera ' and
'Atl.mti" Cirdillera" wit'i re?pcetively tho same -ifjnitieanci'. l^fZtK has.
'■li
('■'iiii ,\' ; 1
•• ill iitl.i* nil. I
t" 111 i. ..1 Uh'l
t" I'l- Mo f;(ii>,|
t il!l,l-. -^ Tl.
!h-' ..r -.|,..h,r
!•! kv In
li.-r .T -r|;,,h,r
'In- -!„. ,!,1 \,'.
uni'uia fir nil > nur i>/av,\«/i;/ /,■
SESislONAL PAPER No. 25a
liow.v.r. ,|...|„r..l tl.Ht th.r. j. l,„t „i„. ( „,,lil|,.r,, iu N, I \,„..r . , | ,
- .int. The ( oniillcra .( North Ain-rioa.' • The ( onlilU-r*., .»„,.,.• • The T-r
;''"''^"," "^^'■•; •• »'"' ""■ IT..p.r , t..vt. -inn.l.v Tl... f.r.ii:!,,,,- -,.,..
u t'-liiv til.' Lot M.rliiiitH on tlir lliiiiilM.i.lt rootwi.r.l.
Tlir lih... .li^jriiti..,! ,|,;,.!it,v ,,f 111,- Won), ...iiv.hirnt !•.
Ti'uu form, its iiii<,|iiivu.-i,| i.ifiiniiKf ,iii'l it- r-iilK » M. .pr. ^,,1
"■■iii,«iii|ili tmikc 'Cor.lill.Ta' it inpiinihlv tli. , . -i i,..,.. ,'.,
«VfM lor th.' tnor,. 4..rio:,. ,,. p„li,r Wo,-k.. |i< (n.-,. tl„ ,.■ ,o„i-
r.ns.,„ v,|,,v th. MHiM, ,|,o.|| „o| I.,. ..,„..:,, I i„ ,.|,.,M..tll.„V .,.|,o
<a.j..i.„n t lat tlu. w,.nl i- jikol.v to |„. n.i.i.ronuum'. •! U t,.„
w u .1 ...lually ..x-'lml,. ■ lli,n,.|„yH ' anl ' Appala-liiai, ' Iroi,,-,
t«.McliinB „r i.-ariiiinf what i< ,„. ant l.y • tli,- ( or.lill,.ni,' il„ |. ■
«<ml.| ini'iil.-iitaljv Irani .-... inii.li Spaiii^li. If, i„ ,!„. t„i, ,■.
•Icti.UMl UM inf|..n.l.|,. nui^nn,-,.. spralo-r- in Km^M-I, ,•„ ,|,|.' {n .l.lr li,-, , 1
wa.v. throw ,h.. a,.,.n,t ha.k to th. ...,on,| s.vll:,!,],. a„.| av.i.l th- un-hoLWy
.lai.K.-r. I ... >.,.,„u .,,j....„on ,|„„ a .onlilhra i, lar..!,,- ,„a.h. to i,,,].,,!. ,h',.
txt..|.-.ve plat.aiis .,f I tah a..,! Arizona or th.. vr,..il inLr ,.l.,>:. l-a-in- , 1 tl,..
I n,t..l Stal... IS HM.re ^ri,,,,.. It will. Imw.v.T. haril.v .li-pla.- ,lu. won! from
. 8 present f.-hnir-al „.,■ a.s ih-si^natin^ a inwh. rarth-f. atur. r„KK-...||v nionn-
ta.n,.,w a. a who!... h„i l„,,riM^. ., njinat.. 1 1 ,h.tai!« of fonn a,.,l Mnn-furo
"•:' '^f ■ '■7'""': \ 'f "- ■•''i."-i-. la. r...„r.l...l n- invanVl v JZZ
s,.,..„nh.. w.rk..r«. ,t w.ll have >,ill loss uvi^ht for popular ,.r . ,1 :,.„,:„„al „■-.
Th.. ordinary ..„nnotati,m „f th.^ t,nn • hi^-hh.,,,1 • n,ak, - ;, „n-„i,al,h. a.
I'hrt of th.. nam.. ii,.li,.atinK th,. worM's vast.st nioiintaii, up, ,, [ jk,, I>o„,.irs
t.». Inion P«,.,n.. Railroa.l. ■ hi.^hlan.r i- • l„.|ittlin«,- T. . o- 1 r..,.|, s ;
noi.hl -..vitaMv M„„.M S,.oth,n,l-, roliof. If ,1„. u-,.nl l,.- r„;-,.,i ,o ,h..' ,li,.„i,v
p:-o,K.s,.,i ,n ■^^.,u■n, llidilan 1 ' ,.,. • Ho,.ky M..u„f.,l„ lli.!,!,,,.,!.' ,!„. w '
on the natural features .,f the rorcilll.Ta runs ,1... ri-k r,f nmh,>.itr in omplov-
lloiiis ,,t polony, l;.■,.^.,nlphy, .,r natural hist,,ry. '
_ For popular u>.., the l,..st till,- nltcrnativ,. uith ' ( •..piilliTa ' i- in th.
wr.t-.rs opuMon, ' Tl.- l-a.-iH. Mountain Svst..n,.- It ^ -,-^.. , - •,-,] 1 v R , -,. '
■Th,. l;a..iri,. Mouniains.' Th,. a.l.litio,, „f the «orl.! ' sy-t. ni • ;„< a,lv!--nl,l,^
" ^""""'' " "">• "f ""■ -h,.l,. nroup. Th.. prop.,.-,l of .1. I, It.n.t, ,,',,-'
he ..onwno., n,.un -svMon,' to uH^an ,n,-r,.Iy th.. .r,..,,, ..( r„n., - ;-r-,-,,l in i
II kIp Ken,yn..l.ne has to f„ee overwhelming ohjeotion^. The u=n>.'e , ■.-,-„.,■.-
t.ons ,s „^r,„n<t it: the ,liffi,.„lty of a,.|nally ,,pplvin. !• i;, n., r. ^ „':-rl,.,n
.v.'t more sur.-Iy fifnl tu the i.l.^n. ' - • I " ''I ■•
Ther,8tri<.fo-of M,e tiths • Pa,.iHe Hanp-s ' , Hn.v.lenV • Pa.-ifi,. Moun-
whole Cordill.ra). and ' Taeitie Mountain Sy.|,.u, ' (A. C. Sponoer and A I!
Brooks) to the rela-ively narrow mountain belt lying he.ween th- o.-ean an,l th,:
.o-oalled Interior Ph.te.u ' of ,h,. Cordillera. ..eL par.i-.larlv uufo^t J
i-r,
2S
i-i .'•{/.•i-.'i \ I ,,, in, nil i.-n.i.
2 OEOaOi V ,4 •t's
IL*;;'; „iXo t;."r::" pS.r''^'' 'r '""■'''^- -"' "- "''• --^^
.i.-> o: ,h.. r..„,,,...n. ,..,...,11, H.^, ",. :; .^«.S:: z^^: ^'- '"-^
'•nnnr.t allow in l„Ki,- thnt 'I'MMri,. \fn„, , ;< / «""^ for ;•. .,*n. an.!
1. s- than tl.. ■ ■.,>,. .ro ,, U n,; , ai, •'; ^'«''"? °*"'" ""''"•' ""■""'""?
»!,fr.-;i., „f South \r,„.rl,.., Tl / \ ' / '' "''""f ''"-' '"'""•>') i a ;•-'
MMTRSK .NAM.No OF B.Nc,, , cnoS.KD BV TDK FOHTV-NIMH PvP.U.LRL
i.ie 111, mpson river- ^- ^ n i. i.
3. ''•eiKtrk mountains i 'orHinn ♦„ ,i:o ^ .i . .
fn-i t;„ . /'i °'^'""8 to different authorities :—
..:r-'„i;','s;r'- """■■ """"' ■- "■»■'"■ " »»j-» i~..
2.
(Atlas
.i
#:
ini'nHT „r nir cnn r i^iuounii i;
•Ja
SESSIONAL >'APER No. 2Sa
^C) h\tl ml nil |> ,lh ,i,|, „ l' Iv . II ,
■Jnmb.u rivor n,.r.h-w,..t..,ar.l (. Q,.,.,,, i |,,k, ;, .!."i "
(Uroutili^.'s Mhp. ISIt:). ' " ■ ' -^ '"'•
I" wt:/';;r:t" " " : ''''i '^" ■"•""^ •'-'-■'■ "-•"•■ '•■ -.b.a;
\ o . , ■""•""^'"- '-•«■..... K„.,,..n„y luk- :,„,! ,h,. I! '.;
Moiilani- ,,rn|ur. enfir.jy in Cunaiia;
UnH,..i Sti.N... n, („r as ,h,. .-rrat 1..,.,. „f ,h.. K „«,. Hv.
(«; III ll,. luwor ..uKc <.f most maps: or
"rh.::": r.;;:;: ::"T -■'"• '• "'"•" '""- -■•■■^-"-^ ••- "^t,.r,.o.t
«. Horku Mountains or , MoHnt.un s.^trm. „!„, ,.,1U.,| .,„ ,,, , ,
nr,d rar«m,.ic. rang,.; „,,.,. ,u. .ativo for ' ( •,irdili..;„.- ' ' ''"^'-"''
7. 6'oW ratifie of TSrlttaTi < ', ...v :„ ■. •
by the main lino ,.f tl.e Cam.di,.,, V.u-ifu- railw, v ^ J ^Vr;': ^"7*:"
:." tS^.^:• "i:;,ri:;:;:;r:" -"- ^^"•"' --- - "-"""^ ^^^^ -
Th,. .onlusi.,,, of tin. nome.wlatur,- is awn.vat.Mi i,, t), , .f . •
ua^., whii.l, in ,liff....,„ ,„ap.h.,.t, ^ivo .inLw , .' ' th ~'sa . o 1'2""
!u... on on., map of tho now Ka: I-M-Xallv Indexo.l A- m f th U "f •
!^r jrrSa -a- ji - ^^^^^^^
--' tlu. hmor „,.,„o l.in. li„i.. fan.iliar ,o the ...Ip, '?,r S fti^h^roLmT;
h. the ^noral map of .ho rnit,.,] Stato. publishe.l in tho „ „e 4 h.
Seli<.rks ar,. ropiosentod as „ li.o ,iefin«l to the westward of "oot^.a ,ak/
ihe^ar^a^hus uioons.stently n.p^ has a width .p.a, to the a^:;:'^: w'.' hh
aiwpt™ phincple of nomknclatube «>r the boundahy mountains
el hai.t. Th'. '!'--;■■ oi tho whole into or„„aphio units i. ro.atfvolv cin p ,■
f tw Co dill r," ;..f '^"'*',v r' '^■•■'^'^^'"■^' -'•"■•'^ *•- •>•■"''"'« «-i -"
Cordillor,, have rosnltcd .n a oorr,, atively olear-oi.t separation of rho
t# *i«r>t ;.
24
hii-Mti \n:\i or tin: isn:i;iiii;
■I.
rniiipHiiciit I'.iiip - Iv lirciiil iiit< riiuiiitiiiii
lillinii viisl ^^nll•turill lroii)jii> nr li;i~iiis
sfi'ii iiiivwlicrf in the Ciiiiiiiliuii |)(irti"M
of SiMikiiiH', till' wliiilc Miij-'lit.v jircn]) .if rniijic
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
pliiiii- itf iiioiiiitaiii waste, or of lava
N'ot'iinjr ijiiito I'^miparalili' i;< to In'
if till' ( 'ordillrra. X(>ar the latitii<lp
i>i iiiarslialli'd into a solid pjiidaiix
of clos^i'l.v H t iiiomitMiii- wiiiili ;?\vi«'p (ii in sulistanlial unity iioitli-wc .-tward
tlirongli Yukon tcriitor.v into Ala-ka. The area of Hrilisii ('(diimbia aloiio
\vonl<l onclo^P twiiitv fonr Switzirhmdji. For purposes of exposition lliis luouii-
taiii ~ea mn-l lie divided ami sulidivided. How sliall 't Ke done ;
rile reuiaikalili' in-iji'it iiii<l fieuerali/inir power of the pioneer in Hiilish
(dlunilua ).'eolof.'.v, (i. M. Dawson, early -npplied what seem to he tile oliiy
fruitful prineipli's. Hi- (da-^itii-atioii applies ehietly to Moithern Hrili-h dd-
uinliia. hut it is prol il';' ihat its principle- inu-t he exP iid-d thront.diout the
Cainidian ( '<irdilleia. In 1^7!' Ihnv^on aonoiiiieiMl the po~-ihility of a natural
division of the inouiitaiiis between the Forty-ninth and Fifty-fifth iiarallels into
thr e hina 1 helts pii rill lei ill*.' the coast.
The middle Ixlt. the ' Jnlerior Plato in," afterwards deseriU'd in some detail,
has tile sp cial style of tojiotrrapli.v eharactei 1-tic of chisely folded mountains
.nee reduced hy deiiiidation to mere rolliii),' I 'ils or an imi>erfeet plain, sinee
uplifted and I'lit to pie<es hy stri'ains. In otiMT words, the I' "rior Plateau is.
hy Dawson's detinition, an iiiilifted, dissected peneplain, a _ioii of jilateans
and hills reniiiant from the old -nrfaee of denuilalion. Yet Hawson himself
eon. lulled tlial. while many of the-e taliuliir relief- may he eorrehited into the
ancient fa.ct .if denudation, other -iinilar reliefs in the helt are striictiiral,
and due. naineiy, to the erosi .n of wide, flat-lyiiij; lava Hows that flomleil the
eountrj after the iKMieplanation. Another and siin]ilcr explanali.m of the topo-
praphy makes t'le lava lloodinj; anterior to iiene|)laiiation. Still, a third history
iiia.v, on further inve-tipation, turn out to he the true one. .\t the present time
it i iinpossihle to decide hetwi'eii the rival view;.
A safer detinition of the repiou is purely topopriiplii.' : it may thus he
calKd the Helt of Interior Plateaus, or, hriefiy, tlie Interior Plateaus. (Plate .1.)
This slipht ••hanpi' in Hawson's name lays stress upon the individual tiihiilar
ndiefs so characteristic of the region. These reliefs are facts; the peneplain and
till' iimdvel a-suniplioii that the myriad iiidiviilnid r.'lief> Ih-Ioup to a physio-
pra|p|iic unit, a sinple uplifted peneplain, arc mutters of tlu^iry. The pliiralizing
of tlie word ' plateau " in the title not only ehaiipes the emphasis, hnt. in so
doinp, ii'-toies the term to ils more advisahle detinition of a tabular relief
hoinile.l hy strom: ilownwar ! -slopes. The Interior Plateau as defined hy ' iw-
-..n is li.iiinle.l .n all side- hy the -Iroiip upward slopes u{ the enveloping
mountain ranges.
The holt of Interior Plateaus liavinp thus heeii ditferentiattHl on special
prouiids. we ma.v pass to the subdivision of the reniaininp two parts of the
British Coiumhia complex. Those two helts separated by the plateau tielt are
rupped, often alpine, and, as a rule, do not show tabular reliefs. Present
knowledge of the vast field cannot jirovide a rational treatment of these moun-
tains rigidly on the basis of either ro.'k comi)ositioii or structural axes or
hi 'le.-j^
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
KEi-uur OF rin: miEy astuox, , wi.it
26
'liH.-Mo iin.;,J/r:n ;;■■''■''■■■'■' r'T^
it; the, cTtninly include tie .e oek'T^ T ""' ' """"' ''■■""> "'"■
r"r 'I'-rv. Th,. only f-asiMo sH,,., r^.ln t Z';;'^' T "' ""'
'"- bnscHl ,m to;...frrai.li.v only niHin,,,..,, ,„ ,|„, ,,„.„.„, ,,^.^. ^^^^^^^
«H.h::x!r!':H;:s :::'::i:;::,;t"r;;r rr '"' ^ '^ """""- ^^ -<•
it b,.,.o,„es „,ore and u.ore .ertai.tht ,"':■,'"■' ^'-^ '•"/'■•'"'''' ''"'•""'-■
l.'cated „r .tn,.mu.„l !,reX n it^ vi,;; , ii 'rr;'" "'"'-^V"'" "■"'-' ''^y
valley, is the ,„ore dire..t n.ult of fl ,v , it . , ' ' V'""''''^ "^ ""'^' ' ""*
.-CMliarly -on.plicted rearran^L , V ,' 7 •' """:"'• '*""'*■' '" "'"
adjustments, the vallev. of Rritl-l, <■ "' .""''"r' ""-e-. ,,r t,. ^pont; nu< river
relation to their ,e. e -ti ve tZ^ 'f'""'" "'•'; '" ''"'■ '''■>■ "^t'" '-"it- '.u, of
whole Cordillera ! o: ■ ^Ut ^..till'""";;''^' "- ''■"^"'^ "'•'"--'" - "■'
Kootenay, rolnn.l.ia. K aser t, f".,';;";;' ^'"■""'^- "'- ''<""I-a.er< of ,|,..
lower cour..., flows through narrn; e.nvon F "'T'"'' '" '^^ ^•'"•'■' f"'
have, therefore, he.n seK'te U T) .u " V"",""""""'"'''' '■"♦•"■'• t''"" nvers
lines of de,n„r,.a,ion bet ^ „, ,t of [he rf"" '"^'""■" "^ "'" -' '
in the-e latitudes. The prred Z i n t '""'7'""."'. '^"'^^ "^ the Cordillera
whoh..,e appliea.iou -^ T t::,^." , "r; H^ ll 'IZr'^'' "' ''' '"^^
mor.. struetund treatment, not onlv no -n I \ . , '" '■"""■"^' *" the
-onditions in the Cnited slato" ' ''"'"'■•■'•'' ^'' '''"' "^"^'niphie
por,n!:uir;ii::r;,M,ai,r.,:;^,,;'r ^"'^t 't i""^" "■'--'•'• "^ "-
Briti-h Co],„„I,ia u,ou t,in B it, , J-""^'^''"">- '"''1 ^"-"^ral view of ,l:e
it to eover the Bound.; '';,.Jn'';;:ir^:rrn:.:"""T*^ ":-\ '•-
left uunnmed l,y Dawson. The ta^l- of « / /• ■ ; '""■' '"'v'Mt.d. we, ■
tbe .tnteh fron. the C.reat Plain; oh kT' •''''''' " •'"■"'''■ ""'>■ •"
a width of ,h.ut M.ventv-fi e . ,i "^ Til T" "''"' "' '^"^'"''"' ^'"i'"=-
'lillora on the infernationa li,' \ / ''"•■";'"<''>-•• "■• five-.ixth.. of ,I,e Cor-
all: or. where ., .rope ,,.,„;, T ' '"■""""' '■'"" '■'"■"''"■ """^ ''^
^•>>)vii,iiit IltdllCN ni tile 'Tdlll I ■ ot »^ . • . • It
A point of departure i
f'Tty-ninth F'.iia'Ie!. there
serve a
Tiii:\( iiKs \\i, (a!i.Mi:|.
reaililv
V M.I.KV>.
'-"i".'- Witino ,i,e (.rdii.'e,. ,-,, the
•.l;"V-^'
ao
DKIWRTUKST OF THK ISTERWH
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
(I'la... ;!.! Ti.,, u!;,_,le vulloy ,„v„|.i,.,l at theBoun.lury by the Kuotoiu.v
nvor 1* the easfernnio^t and much the longest. It is a part of a single
Cord.Ueian featuro easily the most useful in delimiting the Canadian
langes. Fp.in Hathead lake to the Liard river, a di-^tance of ahout 800 miles
this feature has the form of a narrow, «-o»derfully !=traight depression lying
between the Kooky Mountain system and all the rest of the Cordillera. Unique
among all the mnnUain-features of the globe for its remarkable persistence
this depression li in turn occupied by the headwaters of the Flathead. Kootenav
Columbia, (anoe, Iraser, Parsnip. Finlay, and K.ehika rivers, and is tliorefore
not fairly to bo called a valley. It may for present purposes be referred to as
the Rocky Mountain Trench.' The term 'trench' throughout this report
means a long, narrow, intermontane depression occupied by two or more streams
(whether expanded into lakes or not) alternately draining the depression in
opposite directions. An analogy is found in a military trench run through a
lully country. (See Plate 4.)
The first-rank valley next i,. order „n the west is also occupied at th^
Boundary by the Kootenay river, returning into Canada from its great bend
at Jennings, Montana. This valley begins on the south near Bonner's Ferrv
Idaho, and is continued north of Kootenay lake by the valley of the Duncan
river. Kecently. Wheeler has shown that the singular 40-mile trough occupied
by Beaver nver, which enters the Columbia river at the Canadian Pacific rail-
way, IS precisely en a.r- with the Dunoon river valley.* The whole string of
valleys from Bonner a Ferry to the mouth of the Beaver, a distance of apprcxi-
mately 200 miles, t^rms a topographic unit that may be called the 'Purcell
Ti-ench.' (Plate 5.)
_ The third of the first-rank valleys is drained southward by the Columbia
mer, expanded upstream to form the long Arrow lakes. At its northern extrem-
ity near the Fifty-second Parallel of latitude, this valley is confluent with the
Kocky Mountain Trench. The southern termination of the valley regarded as a
primary limit for these mountain ranges occurs about sixty miles south of the
J!orty-ninth ParaUel, where the Columbia enters the vast lava p air of Wash-
ington. To distinguish this orographic part of the whole Columbia vallev
between the points just defined, it may be called the ' Selkirk Valley '
<s n,- 1 ^^l^",? ^' *^^ ™°P "'" *''°'' *^*^ **»« *'"' primary trenches and the
&eikirk Valley are in simple mnemonic relation to three principal mountain
divisions of the Cordillera. They lie respectively to the westward of the Rockv
Alountain system, the Purcell range, and the Selkirk system
The fourth of the first-rank valleys carries the south-flowing Okanagan
river, with its various upstream expansions, including Osoyoos and Okanagan
lakes. The latter lies wholly within the belt of Interior Plateaus, a primarv
Cordilleran division Important as Okanagan lake is, no one has yet suggested
that the plateau belt itself be subdivided into named portions separated by the
lake^ It appears, on the other hand, wi^ei^to^ecognize in the nomenclature
2. 1*0^ ° '^'""''"' '^'•^ ^""^''k Kange, QoT'tPrintinrBuTean. Ottawa. in.^i7vd.
W
2Sii -viil. ii^|i.'2t;.
-oiri
The
imit.
se
''/ /' I /.'/ Ml. \ I Of rut: I V7 l.'lol!
1 GEORGE V, A. 1911
4»W
C'j9
5;
i
KinBF- a.-liiagnunnatc n,;i
Fiirtv r»mtli I'
«itiij -i,f. ' - ,,i,„
•■Ikir- M.miittti.i My 11.111 it th^
m
ini'uiti or nil. , nn.i \>i i:..\,,\ii i: 37
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
. ,'''"■ ""■'"■l^'i" *-'r""l' l.viM»r .Inv,-, „f tl„. P. ,„1 I .'( )r,.ill.. ,1.. ,■ wn- ,• ..|
■M ti„. prW.nnnary ,...,,er, the I'oi.d I)-Oreill.- .m.imt.ins. Ft >„ ,v furtlier
«; l'n.,.„-..,| ,lu,t th.. ,wo ,r„u,.. >.,,..ra..,l l,v I>ri...t Kiv.r vall.-v l„. ,,„ "
a>nks„ ran... ,.,„ ,|„. « ,, , ,1,.. ,vi,.„ ran.. , „„ ,| ,.„,. -Is. ., ,' .
"'''•I'll '"''-; nana. I„r Pras, la,<... Tla,„«l, .Ik-s,. nana-s ,„a.v „.., ,„■ .,■ tinallv
»unsh.c,or.v. ,1a. wn.cT l.-lievs ,l,at ,ho nanmig ,.f ,|,.... Kr..,n,s in :,n an,l,„ri.
'""7: "'"^ ^'^f tu., Manner w,„.l.l 1„. a K.-o,rapl,i,. ,.ain. ' In pa-',,,; .
K.,w....n P,„.,t nv,.r. P,.n,| I)-<)n.ill.. h,k,.. an,l ,1,. IC,„„..n„v riv,,-. .- ,,„„ „7
""• ' "I'.M.t ..„„„„„„ ran,.,.. Tla. I.ulk .,f x\u- Cain,,,.! ran;:,., a. n.w ... n,.r.,llv
m.oK„,...,|. 1,,., ,0 th.._s„n,h,a-, „f tla- -,r„n,' .r.-n,.], running ,r,„n P.,.nn,.,--.
t.;rr.y to S:,n,l,„.,nt. In tla writor it .,•„,. I,„,l, ,-,.y „n.| ,.xp..,li..n. ,., .-..n.i.l.r
IntluT,,, unnana.l. „„ th,- >„u,la.aM. Tla. Ii,ni,~ nf ,1:, h,„..r ra...... an-- I!,„„;,i:
»ir.v ,.r..,.k on ,i„. „,,r,|,, ['n.-st rivrr valNy ,,„ tl,. w.-.,. ,J:.. P,,,.,..-!!' Tr.-n,-!,
"" ','" -'• ""•' '!"■ •'•••>i.i..r-- |.-,.rr,v-P..n,| iror.-il!, tnn,,. on tn- - .„tl, ,n,l
.■i..ntlica-t.
I ol.l MIMA Mol MMN .SVSTIM A\|i I
1^ .-I ll|.|\ J..Iii\.
Tla. principal ran;;,, nnit a.lj..inin»; the Selkirk -x-t. in on ,|„ „,
? , ,V'r '''■'"'"'''" '•■•'"■'"• <I''""' -> If is .lorinit.iy !in,i,..,l ,„, ,1
the Selkirk Vallev ami l.v
.■-I I- li..ro
I,.- ea-t l.y
•' I'i"'' "' 'he l!oeky -Mountain Tren.li, ili,. iMtter
rnnea ,n.^ the norther., en,| of the Colnnihia -y-ten, a. it ,h,es th,- >,.|kirk an.l
uroell j.r.,up<. On the sonth the C.hnnhia >y,ten, i. linnt.^l hv ,1., C.jnnil.ia
lava plain On t a. we.| the limit i, .le,ennine.l hy the h.wer Okana^.n. vaUev
ami. to the northwanl. le>. well l,y the ea-tern p,|.v „f ,|,e |,elt „f !i„eri,',r
1 lateaus. That ck',. may he loeatf.*! for ahout tliirtv mih.s in tla- li,,,- ..f tho
mam Kettle rner valley. .V,„.,l, „f ,1a. main line „f the Camnlian Pae„ie rail-
way the l,elt ot |n,erior Plat.an- s<.e„w to n-aeh, l.„t not .ros.. A.lam- lake ami
Adams r.v.r. S|,l, fartla.r north, the western limit „f tla. Columl.,, -N-,en, is
h.xe,l l.y a tnneh oeenpie.l hy the headwaters of tla- .\orth Thomp-n riur aial
l.y an atHiieMt ot the Cam,.. riv..r. Northwest of this treia-h U.«,i.- ,|„. ;,r,.at
.-ysteiii 111. Ill, linn th.. Caril,.,., iiioiintains.
Appan.ntly tla- tir-t „tfieial ( ( ;ov..rMin..|,fal ) nan,,. f,,r ,h,. „„,;, „.,!„.
'r iTl/'" '•» ':;;;'''""" '■"'"'• ^'"'"■•'>- 'i'"- "--' '■'■ 'l'- r„l,„„;.ia ri.,.r was
t.ol.l Ka„o... Th.. ,.r,.np -o iian.e.l est..n,l> fn„n ,1,.. l,„in„l,. „f SIiumv.ip
I.Ike to the narrows hetw...-,, H... Arrow h,k,-. Thi- n-a^.. ha- 1,.,.,, a.lher..,]
,0 l,y the (o.v,.rnrneMt of Uritis'i rol„ml,ia.+ In l.,sT4. th.. Domini..,, I).,p„rt-
inent .,f Railways ami Canals in,ro.hi..e,l the nam.. •Columhia ra.iu'.. ' f„r the
imnh larger mountain ^roiip inelmlinfr the 'CoM ran,.,.' an.l ...xt.n.lin- from
'Map of British r,,|„„,l,i„. ,.„„,,„.l,,| ,„„|„ the .Iiiftta.n cf th,- H,,!, I W Trm I
n.,..f .,„„,,,.s,o„^,. „, I,„n,s „n.l W,„.ks and Surv, vor-Uw.Va V tori. ,h-| '
tMi,,, <,f the provin.e „f Hi,ti-1, foluail.ia. ..omnilp,! l,v .1 f Hro« ,1.'. I 1
38
TtEPARTM yr or the i
MEItrni!
rr.-n
--^:
tlie he
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Thi. uaage was confirnied bv S^7:'l IT '"'"^'"':'^ '° ^^ower Arrow lake.J
■;>."'J l.y the De,„.rt,neMt of ,|,e tV. '! ', n '^"'"'' ^"P °^ Canada
'"old ra„«,.' ,0 this larger Vor"."t '\ '^'"'^ "'''^ t'"' ^"'"^
range is « dopartnre from the ?ffi..|«- '"■" f"^'""'/ «'"^ limits of tho Gold
ra-.go' with a broad.-r .noanin^ ''^ "'"' "''''' »'"-' *'"'' ' f^olnml.ia
F'lr the immense (^.rdill(•^.ln ,0 :, . » i.-
VaHcv, and bo.md.d o„ I V ; tl ^ ('i'"\-'''"''"'' *« -^' "^ *'- ^"'^^k
"■"t the naM,o '(-olmMbia ra, .^ i „ r/.J "^^'" /"'"; '^"'" '^ "" question
. nnn'e • Gold ranTe.' Tho lut.r niv T ''^"""'«"; ""'' "Ppropriato than the
note. Alth,n„.h D.wson il I , ■'• " ''""''"' 'li-"'iva,Uape worthv of
'•" .-'^ original ^onse T^ "a "luli ""''"^%"'"' *^^ """"' ' ^■"''' ""^'e '
- .-"•■■■i -„...• ,„ in^hlr^r S 1 ,f range-
Onnneea ranfr,-. This inoonsi.t.nt , nl i . ' .^"'""»'"^' ■ (^'"riboo. and
f.;t nK,di,.,m, of val„e u" iol i 1 a/ "" '„t "•*'"; ''■"''' ""*^'" "^ —
t.Me. A. alr,a,|y stated, th,- na, e'O I uni '"'""- ^'^- /'"^ """•'■ ^'>"'fi'^""'
"'oa„in.^ has ,|„. priori,;, ^ ' '"M>bia range.' with its comprehensive
''•■•l-'.i:t:^^:^.tJtrrlt:■'':;: ■*;«'"tr'«T' ^^^'^^ -■-'
K^phB is, i, i, ,n,e, not aceordi L ,0 , ' V l'"""'*'' "' ""^ ^''^epoing para-
syst.m, and I'ur....H ,a„„ X "Im! '?,"' ^"'' "* '" *•>« ^^^^^ "^ the .Selkirk
of .lofinition as ,0 ,he -rue ,. 'i' to 'f ,7t ^ rf'T '^ ''"''"■' ''^ "'^ ''^^
use. and is ,.nf„r,.ed by the fact of C est on innif '"!"' 'T'' ''" ^'' "''^'^^-^^
bolt of the Cordill-.r..,. ^** '"ntinnity within a fairly well delimited
tivel, l'-"lo,:[:i:;:'^,^'irrli"::mpo^i!r '^ ^-«<;t-zed by compara.
part of ,;,.. sys.e,,. and to th,- .el.t Z\7 "''" ;' ""' '"'"' *" ""^ "'^^*>"'^"
'""..ntai,,,- oomm.nly show M„ifor., i v n ?"?"^- TJ'^*^ «outhe.-n
are ti >
m"iint;iii:s .IS
voriif>nt
forming a err.
nam,
IV.li-Cu l,y th.
ly
It w.
i!.jb
iiiiihia
'tween
system
part of
memli
- d t'l.
'^' ■•' them, a
■ip distil, ,•! fr
if IS
th.. r
■'"' "^''""l'- -''"Ivili,. mountains'
advisable to regard th
'iferior Plateaus.
'"■^ "f th.' P;lli
■IS, was given
the two
forks of the Kettle
in .Jescript
tains l)i.t
ion 111
-onih of the river. Fnrfl,
li^ev exiH-dition. In the prol
.-•roip shoMM ;,„.l:„i,,
ver as well „s all the
icse
eon-
rly
ca
ve snioe
Subdivision, a
"■e.ti tho two forks
■ogircsi,.,]
er study and the test of
iniinary
'b.' monnt.iin;
part of the Col-
li" e\p,.,ii,.n,n- of
actual Con
thinn the nam,- ■ >f
Kettl,
i.lw
rii-er as fornii
iiy niountai
i'e.>,)gnizing the m
venien,
ou:i-
"g an independent
given. Further-
RnilH-ny report, Ottawa, 187, ,
HKfnitr OF niK iinr.F astiwxoukr
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
39
■ HE 4. I>iiii,';aiiiinati
in!i|i »h,iwiii),' »iil»livisi()ii
at tlif l'..rt.v lui.th rarallfl.
f th.- ('..|llll;l,|.l \| it.iiu .S\-t.-i,i
iT. * iii'li-w luki'. and
m..rr. the iinrth-.-..,uth Irmch u.-.n.pii-a hy the Sans Puil river C
( urknv crwk. divhks the >nou„t.in. s..„ih „f the line into tv.„ ,listin,-t purt«
' ,' f'':^„'?a-''«rn l"'rt, ^vhi<■h is that nearer the .i.e of -M Fort Ch ilh-. the .lam".
tulville mountains may he restrh'ted; whih. the western ,livi<i.,n, b ele]
by the K,.ttie river, the San. Poil-Crlew trench, the C.Inn.hia river, an-l Me
Ukanugin river, may he ealied the • ,Sans Foil mmmtuins.' (Fi-i.re 4 )
40
'"'''"''''' "rr,n:,yr,„n,,
Am.tlu.r iiiipo,i,.i,t tl,. „ I ,, ^ GEORGE v., A. 1912
'■"'•r ^^■t(lo J ^^:'- ''''''-'•'•''' I'V tl,.. Selkirk VI "' ''"■ -•^■'' '" '-
(F,V„n. 4., "' '^""" -'OT vv.ll l„. r,.|V,n,| ,„ , '"''"'"■' '-•"
Tl, '"' ' lin-fi'M nil,-,.
1- v:::j;'t';'''-'; '-•■'■•'■-■••..I .1., .v.
»•""*; 'Iv tiil.iil,.r (■ "'-'•iirr lit ,|„. I- . '■ "".^ "I'l-roxiiiuii,..
'"■"""■'in. ' ' .""",""".- - M prlm.rr , rii,; ' I, i, "" '•!"'^-''-"|...s,„„,.
---"' -'i'i'f. 7 LT'Tri;' ''^ "'" '''••--'!;: i:rr:\^;;;' r r ^-'-
■I. II |r. 411.
f
41
iin»,in „r nir ,nn:t \stk<,s„mh{
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25,
'"•""•'- '••'« -I,.., ..„„:^ •..;:';. ;''r'^ -....pi... ,i... r i
■"• r,,n.,i.,i„„ U.,„.,I„H ■ I,. , ■ , ' "". ;"f-^' ■■• "nt.-l, C.l l.i.. '
'•"""•i.,n f ,1,.. (.\„„,i.., ,„„, „, ,1, ■';.'"'■ ' ' ■■■'-' ^""^■••- "- «'ll a« tl„
"■"'>'■'■ ' n .1... <'.n,::in.:;i;:i:'„,ir^'" • ""'■-•■•-■.■.-•..
h.J,t;,r'il::r;::.,;^,:::;, Tm " '^v ""'••- •■'• "■■•
ni„| , ,.,,1, „ ,v ' "" ,'"■'■'" "■'■'"■I- I- I" .1.-..M „„ ,|,„ , ,„,
Mi.c>,,ir\ i,,r III,. |,ri„iit r.|..ii.
• III n.rtli.TM \V.„liint.t,,ii „!„.., ,1,,. r. , I
fro... , « l„.,,.,k/ o.le'v ir" 'p' '"T •"' "■;■ *''-""''- '•^"■'■'1'-
'".-..nil- i- .nv . f I. '",, ' "'"■•;■•' '''^"■' """ ""' f «l<m...jr,-.n
•'-•11.1,.^,.. a,„I ,1,.. .v^k.ui.. wl,i..l, ,!„„., „„, /.' , ' ' •li-<..Iim.l...
;!"• ■';-"■■' ■" --.^- •■'^■■11 f^.ii V ,:r :;;::., 'rT^''' r^''
l-'.r In. w, ,f,rii .lin'-i..i, tl, ■ . wi ■ ' ""' ' '"f>'
riv.r „i,i,i, ,i"i,; ,;r,:; ::^ ■""•- ■■ >■■■■>—'■ <-
::;'i::J:;.r';i::;:,:;:'7'''^ ''rf ■"'■"-
MiImIhi-i,.i, I,,. Tl.cr^s;iry. m- «l..il -.. il, t,, ,„„U,.
. ■''"'"■ '"'""•'-'iiii '•ion.,t,i,,s f..r.., 111. .i;,i,|.. 1,,, „.,.,.„ ,|,„ ,, ,,
, --'-•■— ^ -'■'-. --■-■^.i'::l;.::;.i;;:::::r::^:7S
•'■ " ^'".ti. ■■.) r. r r„ui„. n..n ■,„. is ,i.,.,. s........ ,,„„, „ 7^"
v
MICtOCOPY RESdUTION TKT CHART
'ANSIond ISO TEST CHART No 2|
^ ^PPUEDjrv/yGE_ I
^^ T, '^'J- t.:5t Mo.-- S'-ee'
^^ ■'o-iester, New .;,, 14609 .jSA
'^^ '6) 482 - 0300 - Pfione
^SS ''6) 288 - 5989 - Fa.
42
riF.i'AinvKXT Of Tin: i.\n:ia(iit
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
tlio main divide of tlie Cjsra i.> in tlio vi.'init.v nf Bumm. The hiRhe-t
IH'aks sMch as Cliop:i!;a. Cathedml. R,.niinol, iind T3iKliorn, have n nearlv
mnfnrm elevation of SOoO to '<,50f) feet and eommonly are extremely
riipsre.l. Over tlie Inrper p.,rtion of thi^ area thr l-,ei-lUs are above 7,000
feet, and below this nre tbe dee-iiy iMit valleys.'
The respeetive east and we-t li-nit^ of tlie tl ,ve ranpes are elearlv and
delinitely fixed by the longitndina] valleys jf the Simllkanic. i, Pa-avten, and
Skagit rivers, and by the pnrtiali.s filled depression of tlie Strait of Oeorjiia.
Tht north, rn and southern liniifs eannot .it present be determined: that further
step may be made when, in t!ie future, the eartography of the rupged sv-tem
i- completi'il. (Plate .S.)
SIMMARV.
The writer keenly feels the responsibility of suggesting many of the
<'li:.nges au.l a<lditions pri.pu.se.I in the cartography of this large section
ot_ the Cordillera. The atte.upt to describe the geology of the Boundarv belt
without some kind of systematic orography on which to hang the many facts of
s;.at!al relation, is truly the makin,:; of bricks without straw. The scheme
o ■timed abo-.e has thus develoiie<l out of a clear necessity.
The oro-raphy of the International Poiiudary eannJt profitably bo treated
Without re.erenee to longitudinal Cordilleran elements, often running many
Inmdreds ot miles to northward and southward of the Boundary. For this
reason the accompanying map is male to cover all of the Cordillera lyiu'r
letwecn the forty-seventh and fifty-third parallels of latitude. (Plate 3.) ' "
_ The term, 'range' and 'system' are used in their common elastic mean-
iHgg, with system' more comprehendve than 'range.' The Cordilleran
system or Cordillera, includes the Kocky Mountain system, the Selkirk svstem.
etc. llie (ascade range inclu.l,.. the Dkanaffan range, Skagit ran-^e etc V
system may include among it. s.bdivi ions a mountain group witho'i.t a d'ecid-
elly elo.ieated ground-plan; thus the Columbia .s.ystem includes the Rossland
mountains. But both ' range ' and 'system,' u^ed with their respective broader
or narrower nuamngs. involve the elongation of ground-plan and a correspond-
ing alignment of inountain crest^. The great weight of popular and official
usage seems to render it inadvLsable to attempt any more systematic orgaiiiza-
t.on of the common nouns in this ease. It has been found almost, if not quite
as ditbcu.t tn ..roanize the proper names in an ideal manner.
_ The bn.is of mountain groupin,.- is purely topogra,,hical, and is, in the
main founded ,.u ..stahli^hed usa,e. A primary grouping recognizes within
the Corddleran l,„dy two relatively low anas characterized bv talndar reliefs
accompanied by rounded relief-, generally accordant in altitude with the
plateaus. These two areas are the belt of Interior Plateaus in British
rln rl'i < :''"l"'"^' ^■''^ Vl-un of the Fnited States. The remainder
of the Cordillera--ridgcd, peaked, often al,>ine-is divide,! into svstems ranges
and more .qniaxial groups, either by ' trenc'.es.' by master vallevs, or, excen'
tu.ually, l.y structural ,lepressioii3. '
W^!"
■iO^.f
REPORT OF THE CHIEF AflTROSOVER
43
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
The Cascade range, the Olympic mountains, th- Vnnconvfr ran2»>, ami flic
Coast range of British Columbia, with thrir contiiiuations north an^l ■i.' nth.
compose what may Ir '^alled the Coa-tal systpm. All tho ramri's ca^t of tlio
Rocky Mountain Trpn^'li, with th-ir .-ro-rniphic .'nntinuatioiis north and -imiit:,
constitute the Kocky Mountain systfui. The Columhia lav;i i)lain aiul th. l..It
of Interior Plateaus fnrm the third and fourth s\ibdivision8. A fifth more or
less luUural provip. yet laekinft a name, in^dudc:* the Bittemot. Clearwater.
Cu?ur D'Alene, Cabinet, Flathead. Mission, and Pureell ranges, tlv eompn^ite
Selkirk >y-tein, and the composite Columbia system, with tho inuKimed ^y-tem
including the Carihoo nKJuntain-".
I.K \\n\i, FiKnaiENTF.-.
Texts-
r. n leker's C lide-Book to the I'nited States, l"^'-'-.
l>u KRMAN, TT.— Beport on tho Ceol.i-v- of the Country near the 4.'th
parallel of latitude. Geol. Survey of Canada. Koivirt of 1 ro-re-s.
1882-3-4, section and page '^b.
British Government Bluc-Books.— rap.'rs r.dativ.' to the o.\p!orations by
Captain Palliser in British North America. l^.'O.
Papers relative to the affairs of Britisli Columbia. 1S50.
Further papers relative to the Palli'^or e.\ploratioii, 1*00.
Further papers relative to tlu' affairs nf British Columbia, 1'^''0.
Jfap to accompany ahove-mentioiied pajx^rs: Stanford. London, l*'"'!.
Brooks, A. TT.— Professional Paper No. 1, Fnit.-d States Geolocrical Survey.
1902, pp. 14. 1.''..
National Geographir Marjazin''. vol. 1,', 1004. pp. 217, 21'».
Proo. Eis;hth International Ceoiiraphieal Congress. St. I/iuis. VMt-l,
p. 204.
Canadian Pacific Kaii.way.— Pamphlet-.
Centurv Pietionary. arti<de 'Cordillera.'
Dana, J. D.— Manual of Ceolupy. 2nd edit.. l«Tl. and r.rd edit.. 1?*0. pp.
15, 10. in each edition; 4th edit.. l-^'.C. pp. n-0. :':<•>.
D.wis. W. Af.— In Mill's Tntei-natiMnal Ceosraphy. 601-60*. OTl.
London. litOO.
Daw.son, G. "SI.— Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, Loxdoi). vol. _p4. 1>T7
TS, part R. pp. S-?.
pp. 2.
Report of Proprross, Geol. Survey of Canada. 19
Canadian yatiirnUnf, new series, vol. 9. 1*70. p. r?:;.
Report of Progress, Geol. Survey of Cana<la. 1*70-90. part R.
3. and map. _ ^
Eepo: . nriUxh .if.f^c. Ai}vanr''wpnf of .*■' / vc--'. v.d. ."0. 1*-0. v. ."•>•-.
Geologirnl Mnijnzine, new serie-. vol. *. 1**1. pp. l.">7 and 2l'.'.
Ann. Re 1 Geol. Survey of Canada, new series, vol. 1. ISS.^. part B,
pp. 1.'). ir, 22; vol. ?., 1***, part B. p. V- mid map. and !)art P. I'p.
7-11: vol.'. . r**9. part B. pi>. 0, 7; v.'. *. 1*04. part B, -ip. :'.. 4
and map.
44
'"^''"'Pi'^^tion of plauconite n
-n;Jition.. 1„ ,;e, ,.f iti obv, ^rdiffi"?:' K ''^^'••-"""-■■'t.Vn under pe,;;
-ek n„,st be left unsolved. ''"^"'''"- '^'' '^^"'^'-'> ^'^ this e.traord l;
^'mf^v.£'t'•'Mi
iii:i">i:T ill- Tin: i ..ii.r .\si noMnEu
6S
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Till' iMriion di"xiiIo sliows sonic (Ictiririi'-y if, a-; -I'liiis iHH-c.siiry. jir.i'fical-
ly iill of tlie mannr-ia iiiul lime iirc t'> lie ffcrrcd tn flic iinnun! '•iiriiniati"
foi'riis. From tli<' fiH-l tli:it n fiiiiil.ir .ii>licirii.-\' \* f(niii(l in nil nf tlir- niinly/iM!
i.irlioiiate rot-ks from tli(» nvcrlyinf; Altyn, Siyoli, nml Shoppard formation-, it
1- ro;i-oiinl>lo to su|>po«f> that it i* not due to liu uci'i-i-aiy (iTor 'f nnalv-i;.
Ii :.!1 the,-o cases llio deficioncy may lie i;y|iothet!''iiliy cxplaint'd Uy tlii> i-roicnec
ot -mull aiMoiints of liydromugn isitc, ('My('0\ .\[<» fOIl), v ;", HO. Tlic Inrjro
I oportion of water i'\|Kdled aliovo 110M'. niiplit also lio rofcrred in lareo part
I" tlie basic I'urlionafc. Tt is thus p<j<siM(> to conceive that from five ! . -even
per cent of thi^ ri ck is made up of that siil stance.
Tho -pocitic frravities of three type speeiinms of tlio impiire dolienitc wtr.'
found to he respectively, 2-740, 2-777, and 2-7'*2; the nvera^'o is 2-7il!>. Tliosc
v.'dues show that magnesia must he hi;'h in nil three .specimen-.
Though tho dolomite occurs in ninssive plates from six to c-iirht feel lldck.
an.l thoufrli it is hip'ily honioLrencon-^ from top to bo'tom o' the s,i,-t:,,n -it
CaiTioron Falls, yet a close in-^pection of the ledflres shows that the rock i-. made
u;' of a vast numher of tliin, often jiaper-thin, hods. Scores or hiin-lred^ of
s : li laminae can he counted in a -in.irle li:ind-?fx'cimen of the ma-^-ive iln] i-
iiirr-. Their surfaces are p-nerally parall<-l, and cross-heddiny. ripiile-maiks,
oi (iflicr evidences of shallow-water dep<.-ition arc ah-ent. The chara'-ter of the
re. k. on the otlier li;i'id, indicates tlmt the carhonate was depo-ite.l fpiietiv.
I' 1-tently. on a soa-lloor not agitated hy waves or stron? currents nor reeeiv-
iny coarse detritus from tV.e lands. The minute hcddiiiL' and the e\c'e.ilim:
fiii-'iiess of f-'rain, point to an orifrin in chemical precipitation. The presence of
the earbouaeeous dust suirfro-ts tliat the precipitation took place in the presence
of deeayin? animal matter and that the dolomite is thus annloLM-i- t- the
ehemieally precipitated, powdery limestone now forming in the deeper parts
of the Black Sea. The theoretical questions reirardinfr this and tlic <itli'r
carbonate rocks of the pcesynclinal prism will he discussed in chapter XXTII.
The Western foal and Oil Company have made a horinpr a few hundred
■:irds from rameron Fall- atcl in tin' middli> of the Oil creek niiticli"" The
lui» shows that the bore-hole penetrates 1..500 feet of Lard limostones inter-
-tratified with subordinate beils of quartzite and silii-lou- arcrillite fmetari-'i'litei.
All tli( se rocks are fine-prraiiied and. -o far as one may .iudpe from the drillioff-.
many are similar to x; "^on phases of the Waterton formation. The beds all
-"em to underlie- the .' Waterton dolomite conformably. We have, there-
fore, in addition to r, xposed mcnil)crs of tlie Lewis serie;. a*" k :i-t L.'ioO
feet of still older beds which should be considered as belonfrincr to the series.
I'ntil these strata are actually studied at surface outcrops they cannot be
'leseribed adequately and for the present report, the Len-is series is considered
as e.xtendinp: downward only to the bottom bed of the Waterton formation
where it i-rops out at the cascade.
At tho depth of about 1,000 feet the bit of the borinp machine passed from
the hard limestones into soft shales which persisted to the lower end of the bore-
hole about 2,000 feet from the surface. These shales are referred to ths
Uj*^,
.. .^«" I
^ .
m
c^^^^•■
»)i*^
so
'■••''"•'■•"■. Ill ,,ti
i>i.i\\irivi:\i
'^^ nil: /v/ //,./„,.
'"ountaiiis at the F
I'T \\,
■'\.. ,I„. ,,
f .,.,1
-o^t;irr::;^,r''^,-'-!'^-i'eihcreo;eH
'■'"■iiliirv i„,ls
2 GEORGL V. A. 1912
<l'*"ii3-el ill th,
»i-ilili' in
\\
'■iii-ral I),
llllTfuli ,|,,
M'<l|,,|l
■I'l-ij'i;,,!.
'"""" is pliiinh
■lio one of the \
tl"- /!
tu ll
AI.'IVV fi
'"icofovcrtl
T'M'di,.,. ,,|- ,1,,. (■]
"■'"•I 111*.', wl
■oiinppst fornm-
!1I'-M will bf
MUIL'-I'.
'IMIAIH.V.
£''''liiin Hear t
'"lite. Mil-
1
inc.
"■ Ml
ll^'r-
-Tl,o A
"•""'■'I I'.v Willi
t.Vll
ffiriiiiiti
"iiiiediiitfl
A
'vii. .M,,„(
Tiie A .
viTid l,,v tiie (
^illii, Ii!|
"liii il.-*crilic,i it' f:
'y ovcrlv
ng till
< II lllilr
•■'"" a t.vpical
(.VII
not expos ,1 „.;tl
""' "f til- ]{..„'i„I
iirv
oiiiniis
HI t.'l;;t
i'lh
piirt „f til,. CI
irkr
« fi"0 s... i„ ;, ■'"'-'■" '"a;,. Tl,.. wii, .. >„„H, ,1 T" "•"^' "''''•'' '^
, ^»''' "™r;;:;™'^L:::';rr r- "• "■'''•';."';:: '■ '"■- '--
'rf..i«. 1.1,." '•S'™,""""'. »»<! P»r, .i„,J „: '7'."", ""'■'"■■-.
<^"«-'M i.„.i, ,1, ;,,';"■', '" ': ■",,■■ "ill. III,. ,:.:,,;:.„:;■;;■'"■■■'' ''"■'■"*•
■'"■ '■ •'■"--:'i.~N::;;;;i;:;;;M;:;::!"'™-'^''"^"::;w
columnar scclinn nf Ihr I// /
.•"P, fonfornni I I, ' "'" lil'l-x.i!,:^
" ■"" '■■■'- -" -i...M«i ," ^!i; r °' T '•■'"' >■ ' .',» ■
":B,KrtIHlf""""-"" ■--...-.
».. r.* I... -i ■■:»'!• ,j;||- SS;L»;.~...,n ,,,,.„, ,„„,._
I 55(1
'•' sn
(■ 7.iO
/ 050
ff 2"i0
3,300* fe, t.
■ «"U t-iliciou.s coiiceiitiu.
^-.-f...i.M.,.i„.MV.„<.,-to,i .,„„„,,„.
^m ;^^'$:-iPimidi(^i^Hi^Hasi^r£i^»aBHinuis!a^^
/n nun at iiii: < itiEi .\si t;u\<,\ii:i! 57
SESSIONAL PAPER Nc. 25a
Th' tut.l t!ii'kii.'-s el' the Alt.vu ,,- J, ,wii i,i li,;- (til en-, k ..■.■ti.,ii ,<
liiii.li t'reiiter tliiin tliiit s.rn furth.-r -..ntli l..v Willi- ( l.tno f,.,.t i. Th,. ,|itT. n ii.v
i> ii'-l to l,e (>xp!;ii„f.l l,v oVfrfnldiiiK (,r .iv. rlhni-llra'. Ii..li\ i.lu.il 1„-.|- ,,,.,1
trroi.p. of \K,h an: it i= trio. roiiMd mI.I.v .•ninipliMJ. ,.-, iallv i„ the !..w,.r
p.'irt .if the fPtln,,: I, lit the nvoriw MOithuoleriy ilip ,■{ al...nt "n i^ pre^'rvr,!
flirnir/lioiit. Til ,i!,.n.-,. ,,r ,,ri-iiK,l ,„,ifoniiil.v iV v\^ to l.uti.,m -e.in.
11- i-li-;i|-.
Lit lologieiillv. tin. -eiliii„.iits i„r,. .lilT.T fnoii tl,.-,. ,i,-,Tilie,l l,v Willis
111 iiuT.vnitr 11 n.itiil.le ,,r,.,i„rli,,n ,.f Mun.l.,! t-rniii- ,,f ,,n.irt7. hih! 'feM-,mr
Jill- >n,i,|,v :in.l vritty stnita oeeur elii. ll^ i,, th.- mi. Ml.. ..\ tli.- M..-ti„„ tl,. re
t.itiillnii.' nciirly l,n.io f..,t in ll,i,.\, , I, i- ,|,„. ,.„:n,.;,i,.nl f., r. .•,.;:'ui/e .-,
triimitito.hvisi..,, .,f ih,. Altvii „s .■v|„.s,.l „!,.„;: tl„, Inl.Tii;,! i..i,al l!„„,„!arv -
All iip:ier nieraliei- (<j aii.l /,) ..f thin-!., .l.le.l, Mli,.i,„i- ,l,,I,„„ii,. 1.l'.-,.i ' f,.,.t
tlu.k: 11 Mii.1,1!,. i,.,.i,i:„.r of tlii.-U-l.e l.i,..|, nia-iv,. ii!-..|, .lolomit.. lui.l
ciil..nn-o-iiiiisnic#liiii ^aiiiNtone-^ (c,(/iin.l c). i.arid feot tliiek; nii-l n lo«T-t inetn-
li.r ..t ..•LMcr.illy thin-l, ,i.|,.,l, -ili.'ious .l..l.e,iit,. (f :in 1 .,'i, ,n l..a-t IMin fVor
tlii.-K-, .•onliiiiiiiifr saii.lv l,..,!s towanl tlic l.n (.. Xowh. r- in tlie fonMali..,, w. rr
then, fiiiu.l still. -riiik-^. rill-mark-, ri,,pl..-,uarK- ,.r i;mv . tiur iii.ll.Mtl,,.; |i,,t
X'.'v se.liMi.Mit- ucr.' liii,! .lowi, in v,.y -l,:i|',.,v v;:t. r m- ■■:, ., l,,,ii,„„ l^ii,) 1.,,,-,.
litwi-i 11 lilies.
A visit wiis pai.l t.. Chief iiiountuiii iiii.l to the ori^'inal looalitv at Allvii
-Montana, where the r. .l-.s u.re foiin 1 f,, e.,rn -r.o,,,] \.. WIIIU' " ' '
il.--.-ri|iiioii
e.x.'..pt in hciiifr ,.!ten ,listin..tly aivna.-.-u-. Willie' hriei -"niniaiv of th.. fa.t>
c'j cr\eil hy him r.a'ls a< follows :-
•I.im,-t..n. of whi.-h two miinl..:s aiv .li-'i.niMn-Ii .1 : an n|.!„ r n„in-
I..1' of aryi'hi.'e.iii?. fiTrnHJ- ms lim. stone. .vell..w, terra-.-..!, a. hro.vn. ami
?ariiet_ re.l. very thin l.,.fliie.l ; tlii.-kii. -s. alM.nt f.iio f...t: w.ll ex|..i.e,I in
summit of Chief mountain; ami a 1..w.t m.-mher of nia.-.,ive liino,-f..np,
Srr.i.vi.sli Hue. heavy-!., i.ie.l. ~. in. what sili.!,,,; .. uit!, „iai:y t1ali.-ne,| e.,M-'
cn-tioiis. ,a ,.ly Init .l.-finitdy fo-iiil'.-r..ii- ; thi.kn---. aho t soO feet; ty|M-
loenlity. ha .-lilT-- .f Apii.-kniiny in. .nut-. in-. i:,.r-i of Altvn. Swift
Cnrreiit va ■ '^'
A.s th.. format;. .11 is f,,llowe,l s..utli. a-twar,l th.. nnp-rmo f nun,!., r >h..ws
a (le-iile.l .lark, iiin- f tint— 1.. t..rra-.-..tla. r.-.l. ami hi-., vn of varions ,l,.ep
f!iad..s, whieh then .loiuinat.. the lij;ht..r huff colnur charact. riftic of that inom-
h-er at the Boiin.lary. It .«,ems elear that the wlioh ,,f rh,- ]..we<t memlH-r ami
part of the iiildih. m.-mh. r of tin- Altvn at th. li.umh.rv ar.- not e.-cpose-l in
the s.olioii* stu.lie.l l.y Willis. ()„ th.- whole th,- t!. M r<-latioiis in the Oil
creek se.-tion are mor.. favonrahh- t.. tjivin- on.- an a.-.- ;rat. i.lea of the wh.ile
Altyn f.rniation than ar.- th.. ti.-hl r.lations at e!tl..-r Cl.i.-f mountain ..r at
Altvn its If.
As already mtel thi.s p-r, at formati-n is ln-teron-eneous but ev.-rv hed of
it seems to earry a notal.le i.,-r...-ntai.'i. of earhoiiat.-s. The eenieiit of even the
• Bull. CJeol. Soc. America, Vol. 13, 1902, p. 317.
fjim^im:.
58
'>f:/'trnvr:\r -,/
////;
IMf.UK,/^.
'"?-t -in.l.v .n,| jfH.,, l.vvrH i M ■ • ^ ^^^""^'^ ^^ * '912
S:::xLtzr^; ■""'-■'= ^'•^^"':"-.. :;";::::'■;:■"- ---•'... the
"■•■ ""••'»- '.'Z "'■;■ ■'J ■■"■ "ii .,' .i;;:; ."■"''"- ■ ».
""v'l-' ■ « -.Tj i„:,„„";;,',„r''.°!" '""", "» ■<■■""<'-■< r-,.i, ,., „, ,
f' iMsi);
7 bounded by iesi^, ':;:;;■■'■-"':•• ^ -'-• n. ,:;1":^:: '•-;.; V'^''. ■"•
' n ^iX, „;:" ; z"- ■'■'"' '"''I"- '"'"•".. ° 1,;:;;",";' ■'■'■"■'' ""«■
The
SJlOciIlifll
"" ""■ '«> " < .;•■;:„ !;:;; ,;;;,:t;T',; '"■ >•"''•-
'"' •'"."" format 0,1
SiO... .
A1,0 •.
FeO.'.
MgO.. .. V
(-aO.. ■ '■■
N'a.0. .
K,6.. .;
HiO nt Il6°C.' ■■
HjO iibove nOX'.'.
Sp. gr.
13- <6
1-58
IM
■IS
17-81
2.V(M
•28
1-08
•01
.38-(W
100.1.5
2^805
Jlol.
•L'2t
•01.5
•OOfi
•007
•M5
••48
•Ofl.-)
•012
076
•S6.5
''?.'5^:'>«^
Uhi'itur iif rill: < iin r \.^ri:ii\'i\:rif no
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A ^froml ;i!,;)l.V-i. y:i\o tl;i' pF' 'P' 'Tt i. itn il'' lli,. ..vi.I.w rllliTillUT int.> -.litiori
in liyilro'lilori'- ." i I iiti.l a'»n th- [i.Tcntnur of insol il.li- rriiitf.r. m f "■■w-: -
Ill»' lull!. II. Ii,,,lln(li!,,| II il. Ill lUli-
>' lulilf 111 I.Mlri.c liloiir 11' 111
*>'<-' 1:0
AUl, ..j;
l'!>t> .'. ..' '.' .'.' " ', ■>.-,, 1,';
■^'rC Kl.s.i
In lh«. soluble portiun CaO: MgO-l'5.H!: IC-S! - 1 ■ lli.'i : 1, u r.iii.. (mly
von ^h-iitly hicrher tlian the raiii for true dnl miifi', miMilv, 1 1:1. I'l,,.
oarljiiii dioxiji- riquircil tn satisfy tlios.- buses i- 3s. iN p.r ,-, i.i, ulii.li i< r\i,<(;
t.i ibi' peri'i'iit.if-e iirtiiall.v foiunl.
Con iderin- 'h.it tlic iilkalicg bclutip t.. the I'.'ld.-p.ir^ .uid tlu' irn, nxi.lr-
to iiiUKnctitr. r'ui- iiniiortii ns i.f ilif various c-otistituonts have been calfu-
l;ilod to I :
<'u!cmiii < .11 ijrilillc .||.r(
Miitriii-iiiiii i.i; liiiiinti' 'IV!
•.'iii"!z '. .' '.'. ['. 's-0
<)|thl"|.i-l UK'eillll' J.j;
.VUntH II. I. I u!.' ■. '.', ■'. ■■ ■■ .1,^
MoKixlili- '.'. .. ■■ [[ f.j
l'£'!i.i':iu!('i •} '2
lOi) i>
A.s ill tie c.-.-e >>{ th- \ViUfrto:i duluinit.' it i= ditUcnlt to uiidi-: Mii.i tiif
l;ife'h propi'i'tio:; . f (■umliiiii d watir. It luiiy o'lnir with tin- >ili.'a a':..iir nr it
may ociuir in a hydm.;- >ilic"ato "l' iiiagin-j-iii'ii. Ahout ■•O p.>r n-ut ..f tiic
1 M'k i^ (■ nil. i.-r. I lit' oirliiiiuiti-s in tli. form of tr;ic dolnniti'.
Mil,,! II! i4iu/,.- -A specinii u charaitrri-ti.' ..f tin- laidd'..' in tulivr ,;i\w
c), thi.iigh not of its most sandy part, wa- .■..lloi'tod at t , !..\v .•!! 1^ i..Mr
l.iindrid y.a-ds t a>' of tlio derrick at Oil Citv.
Tiii- ro 1; ,,'.'. till- fre~h fracture lias the typical pale trray enLiiir 'if t!;e t"..rnia-
tion and v,i.,:l;cr^ -vvhiti-h lo pale ImfT. On the weathered surface the Ldas-y winl-
vorn or wafi i-worn. rounded to s'llian^'iihir i|iiart:'. and feldspar grains stand
out like white ciinaiits in a lloiir pa-te. Tiie urains are of varyiic si/c up t"
0■^^ niiii. ii. di mi' tor. a\i raj-'inff ahoiit O.J mni. The (jnart-: ur.iins nrc the
more abundant. The feW.spar is chiefly a fresh and cLaracte.i-tie n.i.r, p,r-
t'lite, with I'rt'ioelaso in more subordinate anioi.nt. No sodadinn' •'■'ld-[i.ir .ould
le demon-trat' d. In this uualyzed specimen as i;i the majoriiy oi" the thin
.=eotions fi-o'n hII three incinbcrs .if the fornuition. round prain, of cliah'cdonic
or cherty -i iea, with diameter- also averairinc; 0-2 mm., oecir in considerable
tinmber. These small bodies are probably of elastic oripin. Oolite pi .in- with
poorly develop d eoneontric and radial structure are like-.vi-e rather abundant
in Iioth the anal;./cd sp.ciinen- an.l others. Dr. II. ^L Ami has noted t'mt
some of these praius !iave a ( crtain resemblance to radiolaria. but rctrard- their
it'.organie, coucreti'nary oripin as more probable.
^
eo
n cm.,-
I'l r\in\ii:\i ,./ uir i\rr
>i tl,
<'0 \iir:ii :, l..„ll,..
iir.' riiil,,. |,|,,,|
until
2 GEORGE V . A. 1912
!irl"Muif.. luis.- wl.!,.], i,i all
/rem <M,| „„„. „r I,,, ,„ ,^„., n»-(rr. jriit,. „f nMhr.lnil pniin-. V4r%i-
I'l" t.t.,1 ,uu.lv«i. ,f ,1 " ■ ■l'^"""'.r. aw.r.,s..in^ ..l,.,,,, or,!.-; „„
>iiO
A Ml,.. .
I.'(». .
i.(i.".
mk<'.. ..■; •
NhU,. .. ' " '
K (I " ■■
Ho iit llM (','.
11.0 iiIkh, III! (■
I 1 1
l,„,
"/"■ ../..-/„,.„. „,;,,,!,, ,,„,^„ f,.rnu,Uo„.
t!)
72
not ill').
IBTfl
17
o:,7
O'lN
1 57
3(i-8!>
100 t.1
2 80l>
Mil
•rti-,
■i>iii
•l.'K
•ICii
.(iip7
■(M
•ii-7
■ •■'IS
a ; -
•^ Iiil.le lu liyJiii.hluric uci.l- 2M3
W*. + Al.O, • .
^•l^-'-V/;/;/;. ;;:;;; :;;■;•;:■;;■■■•■•••••:•■:. v.-..:: ^^
. f a'u.nina .,„,] ir.,„ 0x^1 f 'i^ ^ f"^' '""^ "^•. ■^'■■'">- 'I'-t-r-.,;,.,,!,.,
--:.FeO., 1.0, per ..„,. „,.:; ^^IJ) 0^,^:7'' """" '^"'^ -"'■•• ^•-- ^^
I lie rati J of CnO t-. M..() ■„ ,(„. ,j,,i 1 .
n.a.in,' t!,e ratio in .rno ilo , i, ' 1 '," "• '•' 'T' '' ^'"-'■•- «''''^ "'•-
l:ro,.c,rtion. in the r.-k:- ^'l-nlnf„n tf.ve. the foliowin.- rnlu.-r,A
Cull mm carbmiate. . ..
>lai,'iie>ium carboiiutt-
Quartz ami chert. . .
Oithodasii .oolfculi'.. .
-Albitp ii;t>li'cule..
.Mii({iicti((> "
i'ein.iiiiilHr '.'
T:iv
12.6
3>3
a.7
W'O
-f th. ri.ltrr. .outh cf OilCi.v The L u . ''^'^J^'f '^""t""'- ■"' '!'< Imr-k
iin'ititi (It nil I nil I i>;w<'\«(U/ K
ri
StSS^CNAL PAPtH No. 25«
Mi ■:•.). .-..iii'Mlly tliU plinso i* UU^' im ■ ■■n.' ju»t .l.^ .tiI..-.! I.nr i. v,.' ir. ir^
•troniflv lurifil "itli wutrr-woril. uiiiiii'nil.v clusti.- itnum i.f ■|i. irt? ml ;•!■!•
*pir. ■Ill' LittiT xtiiii.l ..nt rnri-pi'' i.Mi.lv ..II tlu- w. nlli. f .1 -urf;,.. ; tli v v.iry
fr.)ni :'.'. mm. t.i 1 o imi'. in ilimm t. r ^
Ii. tlii- <i'.ti.m tlif f.l.UiMir" wrr.- .liiiTi'iin.'.t ii< iii!.T..i..Tllnt.., imi.t ..•.iti,'.
ort'i..oli-.\ iili'l Vf'ry ran. |.|aKi».-hi-''. < >ii- L'riiin of tli-' l.itt.T. -li..\virot '"■•';
r^irl»'i>...| an.l nlMti> tvinniiitf \\n* (•■wA t. U- i-r.^lil'ty .iii.t.-ini', n. nr AU A".
A f.-v ..olit.-liW' Ki.iin-. ..f .nrK-nftf.. M .-, i„;,i. ,.r \ - in .IhiMu.l.T. :i i.riiiil.--
of r..il.'i.I :;r.iill-* of clii-rf. iin.l ii viTv f.'U- -himII -p.. k- ..t iiKit'Ii.tit.' .■..iiii.i ■ ■
tlie Ii<t ..f tiiiitiTiaU otlicp tliaii tin- h.i.itiI ,Mrl..>iiiit.-_
-tru.'fir- til'.' ba-e i-« iiracli.ali.v i.l iiti'.il with tint ,f tlu' *]n''-\
a.'-iii, i.
I'r :' --T IHtiri.'h li.i-' .m 1 t' p r '-L . -i" '■i""'" ^'"- '■'■'-"''' ^' '"'
Oi I. N' ! "t .1 :
.1 ii(i/i/»/'< .'/' './/"■ ,«; . w'/ii'V., )/;.;.;• ,l"'/» l,.r ihili"<i.
Ill L'r rt;
lll-T, .
Al II
I .■ I (
I-'I
M, •
r.io
Nad
K i")
no at IIO'C. .,
H i> ubiivo IID'C.
'•^i
■-!■ sr
InMliibl' ill liyilriiihldiic acid.
S.jluhle ill livilriichloric acid:
let)... .".
AUO,
«aO
MuO
Ml
•.'1 ■>«
• cr
2i-.
.i>2-i
*i
• .IM
.:w
lOl
1177
• :>.'*
JIW
• |H-
•mi
•'lU
127
.in :
•12
•»2
•.>-2.'
:i2i».i
•7::.
93-H7
2-7«S
■J'l J! \
.'i*i
•l:>
21-t:
irj:i
T'l.' fart tliat s.iimM.v all tlu' liiiir is «..liil.l.' slii.\v> tliat l.a-ii- pla.Ti.n'la^o .'ari
bo pie-ieM; ..iily in fxtrcnit'ly -inal! aiii..uiit. Tlio ratio of fnO t.. Mu'<'> in ^H.'
8.'lubIo p.)rtion is T.VM:!, sliowiiic that Iwro too tho nil.-inni .•arl.onar,- i^ I.Kt
fclightly in cx(r<« of thi> iiroportion roipiir-.l (or trui dol'Miitc.
Tho approxiinatP niincrnl r..nipo-iti..ii ..f \\w r .'k lui-^ l.n ii cah-nhit.-i wi-li
the f 'll'.wiiiir risiilt: —
Cal. lum carlxmate.^ .
MiiBnf>-.iuin cailx.nate.
Quartz and chert.. . .
Oithorlasi' molocule. .
Albite niolwiile
Magnetito
n^maindfr
:!9.'.
:»■)
It--
7^.'i
.1
•S
lOO-il
"'■'■"•""^' '" /'// /W/A/„A'
2 CEORG-: v., A. I9I2
'•ompari„in ,„./ r„,„./„,; . ,. ? CEORG^: v., A. I9I2
;"!-^t' ,"",1 ..iH.,t. .,n,i fli,„„t 1,/;,; 1 ;""'■■ ;""'" "• >-' -•'. •<
"'-''»;■' IM.r.. ,.„l,.i,„„ ..„rl,o„„. ,o„l h, ; , °"' 7">^>*>"H."' iilicate. Ko
"■'^ l>..i^ ..f i.l..:,l!, p„r,. do: ,1 'k. in th''-"^ '"'■'" '" "'" '■^••'"•'- "-
_.'^i'm„„ .1 u „..t«l,l.. ,, ri-,.,,.,,..,. , f ,.. . "'""' '•i"'P^<-' M"-imc.iM
""iv.n...,.,iv 1,.. ,.f.,„,.,, ,„ ^^ ,,,v;;,;,;,''**' ""• ^^ ""■>•">" f-n.. ,„•„„. ,i„„ „,„,
0.0O5 m,... ,.. oo:, „,„. ,. .li',,, '"1 ,;,;';[ "■ ;->•«..«.. ...n^. fr„.„
or .•Mspar. Che ,,n«r,. ur,^J'T' '"' ,"'"/'^- '^f "'• 'Iific quarts
I'"'-'-' 'i'-'f th,.>o ,ili,.r,,,^^ J^^^^ ^■lativ.. amo„„t, an,]
Prai.i and in ,,.mpnM,i„„ "" " "^ ''"'""'"" '^ r,.„unk ,l,|v uui(nr,u in
'''lli„n i.m..s t-r,ntor in v„l,„no wl,;i 7^ -r 'in .,f ,|„1omu-.. t,, tlioso sovom!
v«.y few silieions ,.,i„, .ivin,/ 1/ „ , ';;"';,:""'-.'" i""^' —• tl.T,. „ro
n>o^' of the siIi,.o,. ,,„;„, ; ; en, 1 :' •"" '"■'; '" '" ' -' ''"^ «' " r„l.,
TJr; st,.a.I.v e.„tr„„ „f .;,.. ,.,.,,T T^^.-'' ''''•T'-,/'-'"'' '' --"nt. .rain..
•••Tl. .nat-. Ti,o f<'rn,.r„ .re ;,!.:!' ;'n ""^^,'7' ^'■"■" "'^" ■"■ "^ ' ■''>« "^
"^ -^d.r ««„r „n, woroi;rr; ;;>;'' ''"' ^"^"''' ' '■^' "-■'-'ion
!>f 'pit.Ur-. 'KpoMt.Ml from wat..r.,.„,T..nt, ,, . m ..|,,>UMVal
T!h. purity an.l Iionioif.noitv „f fl,„ u
|.-na.. nn,| its po,..V,.ti, r,.^,,U^,/r,,n "■""'" '""' '''^ ""'"'^•''"^ «"«
from ,n„.l, ,I„ ,Urv» f„rni.l,inr r, ...nd ' T;"""' .' """' ''^'"^^ '"^•'" ^^^«
ront. of the tim... If fho ,-,rl„nn/ '" *" '" ''"'••-"v an 1 marine rnr-
d-r.'aU..wn..f.,H,onat<.tnI.„, r/".^; ^rjtn ""7"'''-" "^'"^"^ '^''
'■"•p r. or at least m,i--li more r.,riab!e in
//// ' '/// / I -I l;'>\i,\ii i{
03
/,•/ /•()/.'/ Ill
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 29a
• i/o thi.t, tho .miuhI |,nrt!.-|,.,. \'U.r -t Imv l„. „ ,-l,„nif.- ..f ,. ., W.I ,.r
■f <l.'rfh i.f wnttr, i.r rhiiiiu. « in l.nih .luriii;,' ilm ii.-.'ii'?i.iKiti..n ,,t' tli.-». ;i,:,(H)
fr.t of MHlitiiMif. It ia virtiiallv in<-..i,.piv.,l,l.- fKiit. tli-MiiflnMit. „i,.|. hanev-.
ll... -i/.. .,f MulMmntr |mi (-.■!. ^ l.ml,,.,, ,,.T fr .,, ..Itl-.-r A\r\U ..r l,...I.rr,.l; ,,u'\
iToinflit lii(i r l.y .•iirr.'iitv, ,li. ..,!,! ^,|,.n.v- iiv, riiv.' fr..iri n 0| (., ii n-.> ,„tn in
Fc.riiK .X. l»[aKr,ii.ii.itttir c'nivMHi,- fr-ii, tl.iri -.ni..ii ,,f tv|.nMl -,ii„lv
• lulMiiiit.' iif the Altyn fiiriii.itii.ri. Ki.uml « iml l.!,,wn ;• i ^rniiiH .if
i|iii«rt/. (cl.'ur whiti') mid imuh 1.-^, .il-uiiil.ii,! n.u rii|i.rtliitic f. M.iiar
(tran-ivcrsc liii,..,)(Irii«ii t., -cal.'. Tli. l.i- r.-pr.-wiit, ,.n ll..' -am.'
will.', till. I.1/.I' .,f tl,.. txtrfni.lv iiiitiMf.' larlx.nati. Kr'»"iil.'« cnii.-
|«.^iiilf 111.' iiiutnx .if til. r.'ck. l>itij,. i, r i.f tir. !.• 4 ." njii.
<i:ii!no:pr aii.l iicv.r rtMch .limnotcrs ulnvo f'-iV. iniii. .,r tli.nMl.out:). If the
.•a:lMi;iat. l.OH- wore of <li'tritnl oritrin .,ii.. *.h..;il.l cxpc.-t tn fiin! v.-irinlimi- In
It- .LTiin na he nppr.i.'ichod ..r rci-odrd fr.^iii the soun-c ..f .h>trit:>l -upply. Smh
vuriaii..!, i< not to bo found at any . f th.' soctio:!- yot stiidir-d in tiio Altyn
f. rm»ti..n. So far as tlio pro-Altyn r.cks ,ir. Un-.u-n tlicrc -ooms to have hren
111 tho adjncont Cirdillrriin ro(.'i..n i:f. nmc-r). -.inn litnotniics of nnvthin^f like
!ii.. vol.imo reqnired to fnrrii-h, froTu th. ir nio,h.ini.-;il .lisinf.-ffi',.ti.,n. tho
!iinteri:il f..r tho thousands of .'uhio niilo^ nf oarhniitito ropro-onto.l in tho Altyn.
T'li. ^arae niay be said of th.- pn -Al-y:; i..rniat:..ii-i iin.lcTJyinff the Great
^tTiF^^^ff^^j^^^^^^^srTaT:
64
i"i-^inMi:xrnrriit:iMEian,!
'l-rmsr Wlyu .i,,,.. '^^ '" '"'■'■" "^'-•""1 -y the .oa waves
y'ch spheroid, is ,|is,.on,il.I,.. In .M „ , /"""" ''"""''■^ ""''^''"^' "P
"' «!-•• with ,1.0. nu^kiu^ '\ , "['■'' \''^r''''[''^^^^^^
cw.l^..o ,har ,h,., aro fon;,,!' ii,^,;!:,""" :"'"''^"" "^ -^ -""-^ Th... is „,.
.■t;;n,r..tatio„ s,.,,. O^.^o^Za^ZIT"-;; f-",— '^-- Th,. f,„.,„..r
-;.h': ;;;!::. •;i::;:;r:;--;:;;:;;tj^;^ <"- - ^....w
'''■l<'' tlio produ.^t „f ,.h,„,ir„I „r,. ; „•/ r ^"''^^'•'•'"^"o '^in.l.v l,e,ls aro
^. Tho ca„.e of the ,.ro..i, ■'' "n \ " ''•^'"'"^';,- '"'"'V- .los,.ri.,...|. '
x>^ni. on ,h. ,h,.or. of n.n:: :;. ^K.r ;,;r./';":; '";r^^'"' "■ ■•'""•^-
<•''' '•^'>'so n,ay possil.lv 1„, fonn.l in th, . " . '^ ■^'"^"'■^ ^" ''"*"■ «'""
-■ !'- '•..1-un. an,! ,„.,„.„;,„ ^ , " ,^ r'! ' ™ -'•■■ 'i-y reaet.
'■^•'■•"- e.'rh.,na.e an,! n,a^„esin,n eaH n T T'"""""' ""■""""'' ''"""
pLases of ,he Al.yn fonna.ion. nj" pn^ttr'^'r' ''':"'"'''''^ '■'' '•'•'-''"■■'
«l>o.ial note -honl.J I„, ,,k,.„ !,f 1,^ ' ♦>••■ reM,I,„. „f ,„,,„,,, ,.,,^,
'''"■ay. remurkablv fresh and is no V " ' '^ ""^ ■•'■'^"'" '•'''^P^'-- It i
^■' vi- of tho "nn.:.AiroT Sf I™r?^f -'•> ^-Pi-1 'nnractlr:^
.'ort of fossil i„ oorrelafin. ,h,. for ,„, , n O '•"■• " '"■" '"' "^"'' "-^ «
'■""'■''"'<"J in t':e Hel,l t!uU the \lt n Z;^ ?' '"^^^^ -'•"'""'^ '' «-a^
♦'- rr ston fonnation in ,h Pnn ,- , '" ::7 ';,;''"':";';-"-' of a part of
'-- -« of the Snmn.it ..ies in o S IKiH." '1 V '^ "''" ""'^ ''''^''''^^^-^
""•I f^r fr„m eonini-n feldspar is n \ ,^''- ' ^"' 'I'seov.Tv f!,a, this sp,,,.i,l
'i- .■. a .i..,.oe oorr„ho.r t;:i:i::;;;:;;r ^""^""""^ '" -" ""- ^---
<'-»'-.-at;on. One natnr!:;;;"';^;;^'" i""^ ■;;:; '""'• ^" ■■"""■- "- <■'---'
4. mf.-t^:"-'""- «--l"o der Naturfors^henHen^sellschaf!! rlh,.., ,«
'npplvin? t!ie
Bond
ULi'iiiir ill Tin: (Hii:i \si uit:.i)\ii:i!
85
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
iici'cr-.Siir.v c'liiiilitioli ;itii| ri'iM
il!- th.
iti..n ..f M.-i;
•rilic- iKirt-;
i>( till- (liilf iif ('aliroriiiM m- liciui.' Hoorcil with i|iiiirt/ jiml t'^^•^ll tV'l(|.~p;ir ^;uil
wiisht'il into till' <lulf. iliiriiiir tlii' clon.l-lHir-t -cmsmh^, I'l-om ih,- iiil.i:icriit nriil
Ill no ca !■ i'- llirro ;niy cviilciicf n( primniiiic(>il inctaiiu'i-pliUni nl' tin' -I'^li
iMciit. 'llio ti'iiilciK'.v nl' iric'taiii'ir|ilii~ni woiiM Ir rapiilly to iiK'na-c tlii' niMiii
of llir rock and to olilitcrali' llic drlicato •^tniriiiii' of ln'ildinsr. 'I'lio ixT^i-lfm-i'
of tlic c-xtrcincly line grain ami n( t liii linliliny: •'ooni~ to ^liow tliat «.■ liav.'
till' >('iliM!c'nt si'ir'-cly ni'iro I'lianjicl from il-< original slat.' than wa- n".'('^-i-
;afoil in the act of con-oliilation.
/•'i.vm'/.v.- A'cry ahiindant cliitinoit> or cah-ai-co-chilinoii- plali'- or tilin- .f
hiuhly irrcjridar forms were foniid at a liori/on ahonl '.iT.'i fed hclow the t..|,
of the Allyn formation. These were - .c!! at only one locality, namely, on the
bacli of the ridne south of Oil Cily. at a levi'l Iiaroinctrii-ally determined to he
I'l."'*".') feci ahove -1 a. In the well expo-eil hdvres at that pwint thousands of the
fraKmenIs can he readily laid hare hy -plitlinj; the thindiedded, silici.ois ilolo-
mite ill whiili tiny occur. .\t li'a-t '.'no f ei't of the series i-, at interval-.
<'haraeteri/ed hy the fra'.;nients. In spite of the fornile-s nature of the fratr-
ments tlie.v were at oie-e -ii-|iecti'd to he of orfjanic oripin and to heloiiir to the
|iro-('amhrian >;<'nus, Hilliim. iliscrihed hy Walcott as oeeurrin;r in tlw (ireys.in
shali's of the IJelt mountains in Moiitana.+ A eollo<'tion of the fraRiuonU
was sent to Dr. Walcott. who kindly deterinined them to have the es-c nlial
features of licllina dniini. The resemihlanco of the material to that celleeted
at Deep crei'k in the Iti'lt mountains exteiideil even to the chai-acter "i iim'
rock. N'o other speides were di-covend ainonir the framneul- nor dirl the
formation pn'Ve fn—ililVrous elsewhere. At several horizons hut particularly
in the lowest membt^r of the Altyn, larjje eoneontrie eoneretion" 'Ufrfrestincr
Cryptozooii were found hut no <>videiiee of their h.-inii- of ore'anic oriirin lia-
beon forthcoming.
The lUllinn horizon at Oil Cily niii-t he chise to that which had he.ii
fouiiil hy Wi'ller at A|)pi'kunny iiinuntain. near .\llyn. I'eportinir on hi- e..l-
leetion Dr. Wah-ott wrote: -
' The mode of oecurrenet> of the material is -imilar to that f.iiind in the
Oreyson shale.s of the Algonkian in the 15( It mountains, Montana. Hun-
dreds of hroken fragments of the carapace of the crustaceans are distrileiti'd
nneveidy through tlu' rock. Occasionally a segment or fraginent .if wliit
appears to he one of the a|)p' ndai;cs is MilHcientlv well preserved to i.lentif>'
it.'t
The repealed occiirrcni'c of the Htlliiiii hed at thn'e widely se|iaratod locali-
ties sliow3 their very coiisiderahle importance ns n horizon-marker in this little
known [lart of the ConliUera- The fos-ils themselve- liave inlriiisie interest
in repres(>nting one of the oldest species yet descrihed.
• \V. .1. McCpo, Soiinoe. Vol t. 'SftC. p. <H\2.
♦('. 1), W.i'ci.tr, Hull, (i.-.l. Soc. \iiieri..;i. Vol. Ill, ]<i>». pi.. l'iII ..lel ir..
t Hall, li-s.l. S..-. ViM.-.i. Vnl. l;i, 1!MVJ. m. :',i:.
•_'.^>a - .-.
1
66
i>i:i:iin»t:\r or iin: isrKitu,K
I
2 GEORGE V„ A. 1912
Al'l'lCKlNNV FoKMATIi.N
:s !: i^TJ-^ -' -' - »" " --»."" .x::; ir^ij^r.
oliir, Zoll, m, ' I '•'■'"'■,'';" '"' """■ "^' " sv..erall, h.rcd i„ a,o
br™S ™ i . ; J ■■""' '•"•';■»"«» tCl^leJ r.nBo. that the, m„
south of rx,wer Kintla lakp wr^^ . ? nionnta.n slope, north and
of Oil City, and rin,: ' sid; the a o^ TZ T '"•'"' "" ^'''^ ''^^^ ^-^'^
thickness in the. seotion. wt ^.LTat^llot: 2';oo7;:r '""'^- "^'^ *"'"'
weathoHnf S"; :::' ?,; tr;''rre;;" rhT ''-' ?7-"->-«.v "nd siliciou.
• I' "ilhs, Hull. G..01. S.„. Amorioa, Vol. 13. Ifl02. p. 322.
UEViiIlT III I III: •IIIKl Asl IlliMiilER
67
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
quart/Jtic sandstone. All these roiks arc very hard, and were it not fur tlio
tissility incident to thin he <l<ling, the forniiitiiin wcidd Ix' exceptionally rcsistiint
to the forces of wcatliering.
The alternation of the qnartzites and niore argillaceous beds
Is so common and the pradiiation of the one rock-typo into the other
is throughout so persistent that it has proved impossible to make a useful
minute subdivision of the formation. In the section at King Edward peak th<'
uppermost 200 feet are very thick-bedded and are cotnposeil chiefly of typical
■ lU.irtzite. Tn the sections between Oil City and the north end of Waterton
lake at least 100 feet of blackish, red, and reddish gray shaly beds are inter-
bedded with the magnesian linie>t,iues and -andstonc s :it tli<' \K\<r of tdr idriua
tion. None of these tyiK-s was noted in sections farther west, and. in its
lower part at least, the formation -<'etns to become more dolomitic or more
ferruginous as it is followed eastward. S\m-crack< and ripple-marks, especially
the fonr-er, were seen at many horizon^ from top to bottom of the Appekunny.
No fossils have yet been found in it.
Collecting all the information derived from the Bo\indary belt, a composite
columnar section of the formation as i xixised in the Clarke range, has been
constructed and may be described in the form of the following table: —
Colnmnar sertion of Appckiiiinii formation.
Top, confoniiabli' b<>.-e of tho Grinndl formation
2(10 feet.— Thick-bedded quartzite with subordinate interbeds of gray and rusty meti<r-
gillite.
2.02.') " Light gray to ratlier dark gray (dominant) silicious nietargillite and quart-
zite, we<itheriiiK gray and iusty-gray, thin-bedded; many relatively inay-
sive beds of whitish and rusty quartzite occur amon« the staple thin
beds of the rapidly alternating nietargillite and quartzite; suu-cracks
and ripple-marke cumnion.
75 " Thin to medium-bedded, buff-weathering silioions dolomite.
300 " Highly variegrted, gray, green, reddish, and black nietargillite and quart-
zite, weathering in tone*; of brown, red, and gray; a few interbeds of
bnB dolomitic sandstone and grit; sun-cracks and ripple-marks.
2,600 feet.
Base, conformable top of the Altyn formation
Thin sections of typical phases have been examined microscopically. They
revealed an even higher percentage of free tpiartz than was in the field sus-
pected to characterize tho rock. This mineral occurs in very minute angular
individuals from 000.') mm. or less to OOf! mm, in diameter, with an average
diameter of about 001 mm. No certain trace of an originally elastic form was
anywhere observed. The quartz is intimately intermixed and interlwked with a
nearly colourless to pale-grecnisli mineral, wliicli. on account of the extremely
small dimensions of its individuals, is diftic-ult to determine. The single refrac-
tion IS notably liiplier than that of quartz; the birefringence is apparently low
but, in reality, may be high, the common low polarization tints being due cither
til the section's passing across tiie optic axes or to superposition of differently
i'Sa— ."il , *
tfk
as
Df:i:nin,f:xr or rut: nrruion
thin scal,.s ,,f siinila
"Pt'Val .■h.n„.t..ri-ti,-s „f ^.,i,.i„. „„
■'"MoMl ul.irh (or.ns tl,e l.is,. of th,.
2 GEORGE V,. A. igio
"rioiitatrd cry-itiiis
similar Mut..rinl with n,-,^li'^iiki. ,.r
-.MM. iii^My pp,i,;,i,i;,',i;;;;"i, ')" t]Z
A hIi„I,. thin s,rt,„„ ,„,,v. tlirn
""tturo „f ,,naru m,,! >,.ri..it;. „iih
more cofnnK.nl.v the cis,.. th
If
liiMiiiiiint
Ahiii.v tin.' -hn",l> im.l
ti'Mi.. Iiav.. all thr
"::i<l,. up ,,f a honin^rtifoiH. iiifiniMtr
■'-TV -rains „f iron oxi.l,.; or as u
oriKinal h.Ml.ling. In'tiu'.'i,;;',,,/"'.'''/ T'^'.' "'"-';«'";'" handing ropnvoniin^
"ation of nmro qnart^o',. , , "^^': ""' "'" '""I'li"*-' i^ ..n.rk..,i l,v .Itor-
'"• nn.j.'n..tif,. sc-ni n.nvr t„ iail l,„t no ,1 '"""''■• ."^ ^''"^ "'■'"'^ "f iln.cnifo
.''vera... t,p..s of .h,.so ..nart^^o ,. Ik T."""":' '^''^"" '" ''"'•'■'->^ f'"'
This oomparativly hint, ,l,.„.:„. ,,„. . :,'•.,"'"' ;'.""■'" vain., of ■'740.
iil'nn.l.cit.
k is (>\ iilcni'oil in
,r„l, „. -n '" '""■■"'•'■'>'■■< mineral and in the
;n>hons ■,r^,lla,..ons nnutor. Tho ..,„.,„. i- ,1,.,,,,,. \,Z
Thi, oon.parativoly hiph .Ion-it; 'shows that ,ho s,.ri..i,.. ;"("','
-i:p'lL.,:S;-7^;-;;;;rl; -•
'iitire absen.'.' of
■'oyolopcl in tho ho.l.jini, plan.. thur..l's,.u.l,'''''',i
^.ity ..f the r,H.k in tho,. plan. , „ a ""V ^T'^'''" "'•^'"- "'" "-
•"■noral havo th.^ir lon...r .1 • , or. ';""•-• '.'^•■"1. many s,.,d,.s of thi«
pianos. R,,„i, i, „„,,: . ,;'.':,'''''' '' '""'' ""-'"^ •" "'" '■'"'''■■•"-'
""r has trno s<.hist.,sitv l'er^:li7''' "" ;"'-' "f "■" '"" " '''""' ^•"■~'-
recrystalli.ation of tho tvpi'-al ;IT '";•'■'"/"," ^'•"' ^^ ' '' "n.,,s. Tho
■earranffoniont inoi.l,.nt to am-Ionir'.h.on' i''' • i "• i"'" "*" "''"'' '""''^""hir
"lorphisni. ^ "^ '""'' '"'"^'' "-'^''^''t trno .lynamio ntota-
-V^'"'"-'' '■^■''hnt .inly aft.T ,nior.,soo„i,. -.t,„Iv ,' ;. i
that it ig ...anvlv ...,rr...-t to s,«.,k , f ■""'•'• ''"^'■''"""" '^ -MTononnof,|
'» »n ar^illito at all. It i n ,,t a l- ;'.„'•'"■'""' ,"'""• "' ''"' "^'^rHcuMny
Wo shall soo that tho <,no d ill v V ,"" ''""'' T " '^ '■"•''"'■''"■'' '-'""i--
of many thonsands ,V ,ot ,. h 1 ' • ""r ''■•'';"";• '"'Il'or...s ,o tho d,.s..r;ption
-rios. It is o..,nv n n , ,v. :'t"' 'T "^ "" ^"••'■^- '''"^'""- =""' ^~-t.
^lat..s or sohi.sts ,.h,.. t.. ,lvn n i. , ' '^'""•" '. '""^"'.•'"n'h.sm). nor trno ,ni..a
"■leavago ..r sohistositv a '" ■t""'„rph,s,„ w„|, dov,.lopn>ont of n.,tal.Io
ar.iiiaton/^!r::!o;^ n^!r ™:;r,r:r" ';'''''"'f r'^-^^^- ^- -"" —
"•ill he nsod in the pr....,, roport. ' '"' "" """>«• "-targilh.o '
1 ho moaning of tho t.>rtii o.i,. i . i .
the nnn,os now I P^^a 'w , i i "i'' J:"' l'"''^'"^'' =' ^r'--" -"'
a "h.y or nnnl. If .onsoli.lat. 1, , . ^• • ," "" '^"'"l"'-' I-lit- i^
-Kiiiito. Athind,od,h.,,.n;:;l :;, ii ;t::s:':::Hr^^^^ " '^ ""
'Inig i.hin.s iH.oans,. th..s,- ,,,. ,>i.,„„, 7 • ' '' "^ '"'''•^ -''''f~ "l"njr th.. I„.d-
taIIi.od .l„,.;ng .lyna io ,: a Sil'oidv't 7 ""'■ " 'l ''■'''■ '^ ''■'■'>■-
f.'llowing ,h,. piano, of si„,il 1 , t ' ■ '" t''-\-xtont that c.y oh-avago
..n aigillito h.....,nu.^ phanorooryslaniii.. and 'oliaf.-.I
ni:i'ni;r ur nn: run.r .\>i iiii\<i\:i:r
oo
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
throu(.'li (Ivniiinio iiictanioi'ii'ii^in, it i- a <iiiiirt/.-niii'n -cliii-t or a ()iiartz-f('l(lspfir
pcliist or piiii-s. If nil arRillitc \u\- hoi'ii iiK.ri- <r Ic-s ('(iniiilctcly rciTystalli/i il
liy ihcriunl iiition dn iKiudiis coiitiict-* it 1= a Imrnfil*. If. finally, an ariiillitr
rctaiiiinn the licil'liiip structure lin< lii'cn r-acMitially rriTy~talliz<^l tiv (lrf|>
burial and witliniit lioinp nffoctod by iliroff niatitnatic infiupnco or by tho
notable ilevoliipiiu lit <if cb avaLre or s.lii-io-iity, it may be ealled ini-tarKiHite.
At no point witliin the Boundary bilt was tnio nrRillite fsliale or slate)
f'Uiid in tbc Aiipekiiimv formation. Kverywlieic tlic oiiee-pelitic pba^o^ ludonp
t" the metarjrillito type as .just defined. On tlie mountain slopes rnnnitiK up
<.. tward from tbc Flathead valhy both mctarsillite and qimrtzite have been
-lieiired iiikI eleaveil. tlie former (rivinp loeal phase~ of slaty metarjrillite. The
cryftalliiiit\ never li-es ti> the dij-Tee of true mii'n sehis,,.
(illlSNKI.I. FoHMMIoS.
The (iiiiiiiell formation was named l)y Willis and described by him thus: —
• A mess of red rocks of predoiiiiuantly slialy argillaceous cluracter
is termed the Grinne'l aririllite from it,s charaiteristic o<-ciirreneo with h
thickne-s of about 1,^'K .cunt (Jrinnell. These beds are frenerally
ripple-marked, exhibit luud-t, '<a and the irrejfular surfaces of shallovp
water deposits. They apixjar t^ vary eoii-iderably in tbickne.--s, the max-
imum measurement bavinjr been obtained in the typical locality, while
elsewhere to the north and northwest not more than 1.IX)0 feet were found.
It is possible that more detailed st.ratifrrapliii- study may develo|i the fact
t i;it the Ciriiinell and Apiiekunny arKillit< s are really phases of one ureal
formation, and that the line of distinction betwiH'n thom is one diagonal
t I the stratitieation. The physical charai'ters of the roeks closely resemble
iho^e of the Cheinunjr and Catskill of New York, and it is desirable
initially to recognize the jvissibility of their haviiijr similar interrclalions.
"The (irinnell arsillite outcrops continuously aloiifr the eastern siile
of Lewis range and its spurs, oceurrint;: above the Appekunny arpillitc and
ilippini: under the crest of tlie range at the heads of the great ampiii-
tlieatc rs tributary to Swift ("urreiit valley. About the sources of the
Kennedy ere<>k- it forms the ridge which divides them from 15elly river.
Mount Hoberts.in is a characteristic pyramidal summit composed of these
r<'d argillites. The foriuatioii occur- iu its pr<iper stratigraphic position
betwei n the forks (.f Belly river and west of that stream in the Mount
Wil range of the Canadian gcol<ii;i~ts. the northernmost extremity of
llie Lewis range; and it dips westward under t!ie valley of I.i'tle Kootua
(111!; and Waterton lake. On the western side of Livingston [f'larkej
range the Orinnell argillite wa- rec.gnized a- a more silicious. less eon-
-picuou-ly red or >haly division of the system, occurring about Upper
Kintla lake.'*
K. Willi-. Bull. fJenl. S.k-. Ani.-ric-a. Vol. 13, 190i
^1.1
70
/'^/•.AT7Avr or /v/Any /././„/,
'"«///
tiiiini
' 'ion ttl ( : , /,, ,), 7/ i , .
i :: Sst;a -"'SSI,--
"""'■ ""'-•"" '- "' -i-l. r,„.,
twelve .nohes from creat ,o or^t^\^u"" """ ""^^•"•"'' ^-"^ f o ' t^
he ]>..avy tidal rips ocM.rrin^ in the n't' r""';'"^ "^ ''"'''' •'°«'". ""-I Z
present d«y. If .,,ese rippV^wero "if .'""/" "'"' -'"«■•-« of tie
«"s have been of very larr. dirnen^i;:: ' ''' """'■"•"- — >t. the .^
Under the niioroscotH! the «,.,„!,♦
es«en,ialiy of rounded q^rtzJ ■^*°''' ^'".'"""""^ "^« -en to he eo„,po*.d
of the ^ains are seco„,Li t e d il anirf"" V' """■ '"" ''-"-ter Z
the fracture and the strength of r.To ""''' "" "^''''"t that the roek \Z
;^aren.y ar.illaeeo,. n^t^' I m''^; ^^i.e ^r T'"" f'-^y"^ "^ -"-i^:
rest o the ..ernent. Xo feldspar wa. ., ' „ h; ,'"' """''^ «^ ■'•'>"• ^ornis the
The metarKillites a«. nia.le up of ,1 '""'""•
^Uorjte, and abundant iron oM, L„ ,';,'■"""'"■' "'"'^ "^ -"-*''• H-art.
P^jle bro^^ish carbonate. probaby\,„tni e '^'''' ^'T '"'"""' -.-^f"'' of a
The carbonate .eem also to be „, •/''' •''^*"''"tcd thron^h the mass
'•honn^.ally precipitated alon^ with '1,;"^''';'' r"';f"'.ont and mat ha^VL n
a"t or ,.inal component of thes) i^ ""'"'•""-^".v -'epo^ited m„d. the domi;"
J lie specific ifravitv ,>f n f.-. ' ■
<"f"l "■■••'■ '">• P-"i.d..Mi,,rph. of
HEfoUr <n nil (Hill \> I IHtSiiMI I!
71
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
vellowish leiicoxeiip. Tho pores of the rock seem to be entirely tillol with <W\>
Kreen chlorifo. The p.ck i- t^o ^miitl.v :i1iit.'
it is ovidintly a comiiioii t.viip nf hii'^nltii' hivii.
:itT"ri| a ii»i'tiil aM;il.v<i-
SlYKII I''('ltM\l|i
I,
In Willie" orijjiniil description of the ' AluonUi^in ' n..l.- .ii
ran({i\ the following concise account of llic Siycli fniMiation ncciir^:
'Next above the Grinneli nrgillit<' is a conspicuous formntiou, rl.,'
Siych limestone, which rests upon tho rcil siuilcs with a sliarp jilan.' ..i
ilislinction. but apparently conforinahlv. The Siyeh is in peneral .mi
exceedingly massive lini<Ptone. iieavily hedded in courses 2 to fi feet thicU
lii<o masonry. ()cea.sionally it assumes slahhy forms and contains argillace-
ous layers. It is dark blue or grayish, wcntherintr luifT, and is so joitit. d
as to develop lar^e rectangular blocks and cliffs of oxtraordiiuiry lieifrlit
and steepness. Its thickness, as determined in the nearly vertical cliff nl
niount Siyeh, i» about 4,000 Teot.
'This limestone offers certain phases of interna, .ructure which may
be interpreted as results of conditions of sodinuntation or as ctTcts ol
much later deformation. Some layers exhibit calcareous parts separated by
thin argillaceous bands, which wind up and down across the p<neral beddint;
and along it in a manner siiggestive of the an'hitectural onuiment known
as a fret. It is conceived that thi- e.Tect inigbt be due to concretionary
growths in tho limestone, either during or after deposition, or to horizontal
eompression of the stratum iu whicli the forms nr. Other strata <'on-
sist of fragments of calcareous rock from miinite bit.s up to a few indies
in diameter, but always thin, conslituliuir a brecia in a cry-talline limy
cement. Again, other strata consist of alternating flattish masses o!
I'alcareous and fermginons composition, which rest one upon another like
cards inclined at angles of ;!0 to 4.') degrees to the major bedding. At time-
the lamination is so minute as to yiebl a kind of limestone schist. Thes.'
internal struct\ires suggest much compression, but the apparent effects are
limited by undisturbed bedding planes, and it is possible that the p.culiar-
ities are due to development of concretions an<l to breaking up of a suixr
fieial hard layer on the limestone ooze during <lepositiou of the beds.
Walcott has described similar structure as intraformational consrlonieratos.
'The Siyeh limestone forms the mass of Mount Siyeh. at tiie head of
Canyon creek, a tributary which enters Swift Purrent at Altyn from the
south. It constitutes the upjHT part of all the principal summits of Lewi-
range north of Mount Siyeh. including Mounts Oould. Wilbur. Merritl.
and Cleveland. Tt extends beyond Waterton lake westward into the
Livingston [Clarke] range end forms the massive peaks between Watertou
and North Pork drainage lines. Above Upper Kintla lake it is sculpture.!
in the -splendid hei-ht.s of Kintla peak and the ■Ronn'lir- r-n..,!fiin-.'*
•bTwUIU. Hull <i.Mil. Siic. AniPiioa, Vol. n. 10fl2. p. ?.l'^
72
I" I'M/ rut:. \ I (If I in
IS It. II 1 1 HI
I
2 GEORGE V. A. 1912
rnnne^. Quito ,ip«rt f,„ni
Th.' Si., eh is thp ^r.i.t (•liff-i„uk..r . { ,\ i-
.A'>'-n« .1... „,„„, a,|.nin.l,|.. o ;, iL' ,, ' r;:'''V'^ "■':','" ''"''':"• C'lat.. ».)
- t'.a..Ht .1.0 lK.„.l of S.nrva.L; ;.,r ;' r T' "'"'"' ""^ '^"""''-.v 1-lt
n..' Inrmnti..!. i, ii,,tul,lv I, , ' "'i*-'''^-
;';/';-.. ;« .ho -oi„.n„;;'t ;:"t";:";n 'n !"!'"'"■'' '' '-' ♦"-"'•■^ >•..,.
'''■'■•'■■^•.■Hl .•hnra.....r. ' " ' '''^"''■'' """ «vr .o.um of r.o„tr,.s't,..|
''"''""""'■ *'■'•''«" "/ >'/-A ^on„„//„„.
950
lOU
.',000
900
4.100 ft>rt.
.. . , ^'''*' '°P of "'«' Grinnell formation
l<^aved «ith buif-woathering strata that to "'*■ "'■'' ^'^ '"'"""tol.v i„tor-
- -UHJssiblo. It has thus^.p" ed bit to f.Tl'v w'.r'"""" "' ^'^'^ -' '^'^'^
'trat,, between the Crinnell and tt P ,r ,1 " . "," '" '""'^■Jinp all the
"a"'". 1» i^ ^'" the whole, a sin^^le n a.rn 1, ' "l"'^^"" "'" °"^' f-rmation
'-.stio is the n,as,ivones; of the b<l Th '^^ '^ ^'-""J '^'^"e'-ul ohanu-
"■et of dolomite and limestone oon,po«-n«r th , .^.T'* P'"°'"i"^'nt in the 2,00..
^ The table and Willis" sta.eu. Iff > 1 "*"'' "' '^" formation,
'ho ..rata in this seotion Xr" e w .v" '"*""■'* ^''""^«' 'loscription of
"'agnesian limostone and the thiok ba;d f .r„: v""*"" '"""•^"'«« "' t'-e bnff
"ot.ce. A, tho outcrop of the bnff rook the oberr'' ^^''-'^ '"^"'^ ^"'■'■■"'
ropoated oolour variation in tho mok T. , °^'^'^r" ^ •'•^'^ '« «truek with a
oflloaroous o„n.fit„o„t r,f tho r<,ol< i. ^een n K "" " ''^V^"'^ aPParont. The
^.n to be .oprepa.P.l. somotimos irro^d-
I'l »!► ■'
Mount Thn,„|.>n„, s....„ am,.. rp|..r K.mlu I..k,. ■ -"-;;'' ^;;'"' '■-' ^''"■- ' ''^•■
.">a— \ul. ii p. 7-.
infiiui III ' in iHin i>//;«>\(.i// /i <a
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25*
iiilv, .omitiliic* »vi.t<ii.iiti.ull,v. Tlir Imflfliiitr'l ( w.iith.r<<l I «■ iimil «iirfn.r
■ f the li'il(r»' ii* tinm vnricKnti'ii willi iiinriv muill liiii-i-c-* rif purr lijflil (rriiv t"
I luixh (trny liiiies-ton- . Tlu-r imiik-i"< arc in thr fi-rni ..f rniimli^li iio.l\il.s mi. I
pf'tK-ili, flat l<ii-<s, (ir iinn'iliir -iriiiKfro of no ilrtinif' -.Iihik'. Thfy iirr i— m-
lially i'iiiiii><ps«-<1 i.f purr '•iil<itr: ihr.v .ffcrvi-i-r \ in!< iitl.v willi coliI .liliil.' u>i>l.
As in M) iiiniiv (lolniiiitr* the ciilriiri".!!. wunt'iition i' often quit.' uii«,v«tini«i ir.
« \^''
^ 'v
',V'^
\
'., >
, \
' \
\' -
V
- I- ^'^
^\
A-W
M
M
\'
.-^:jt.
FliiCKK 3. SectKiii i-hnwirii: r.imni.iii iiluuti-Mf tin- lu.ilar toith ^triictiiri tm tli.Siycli
foniifttHiii. Tl)>' ialciti<- ».Kr.(f«tiiiii» an- li-ntimlar .\w\ -tiinil |i.ri»*n.liiiilar to
thf lilaiif >ii »trutitii'»tii.ii. a,. i'l.(.»n liy iIm- iiiHtar^illitie iiittrUKlMMi. I Ii<-
miilrtldaytr iif liiii>i.t..iii- I- tHi' fi'it tliirk. I^Kulity, luutli fork i)f tin- \ alik
Kiv.r.
liut, on the avcrapi-. it is .UHnitt-ly rchit.Ml to tlir two nni-ti-r iilano- ..t' slnictiiro
in the limestone. Wh.ie tli*- roek i^ nneleuved. tlie l>e<i.linc-i>lnn.- ha-! heen
=elcete<l in tlie I'avoure.i lo.ii, nf trrowth of tlie -eLTetintioii. Tlie .^tratitieation
may thii- !«-• marked Iv many :.mall. in(lc>pemleiit h-n-es of lime enrlionate ei,m-
r-leitely surrounded hy the mutrnesian matrix. There i- triinsition lietwtH-n sneh
i-olated h'nses ami entire. miinterriii-te<! hed« ,.f (iriiy limestone confonnahly
intercalated in the buff maRiiesian rock. Siidi l>fd? may in many eases he due
to original sedimentation.
The eonclusion tlint the limeearhonate lense-, iNUieils. and irrefrular hodies.
and ev«n -omr of tlu edntinunu- lad-like itia--e-. i-ie Aw to se.-ondary sevretja-
tioii within the dolomite, is I'lfarly upheld hy the relation of ^inotli.T kind of
Hme-earhonate partings. Thes<> were lonjr ajro ohs..rve<l l.y Bauernian and later
bv Willis, [n localities where the dolomite ha= been fppoinlly nipped and
74
tn I
•unuiM n, nu iM, ,,;»,!
2 GEORGE \
t<2
l;>.r« ..r.. In„hl.v i„,.|i„..,| to ^^11".! ''"■"" '""«''^"»>onat«. Thc«o
'•—..... „,..„,.. ,. «r.i,,i,;/ .:.:7, "7' '■'-'■'-'-■'i..f...n „.,r
"'•"': H. mn.v b,. ,Tum,.|,.,|. rP|.„„ „) an 1 F 1", 'V;^'"""" «'"'• "'I- H—
■"i,M,,h „„,! „,arl,|...Iik,.. ^"' '*'"'•' "'" I'n'.-.Brlmnut., parting, ar..
"""•"•'•»u, .|.>„.ril,,Hj this r...'. „,'„„•
Th.. t,.rn. nil! nK„ be ,,-od f,.r fh v'' T " " ''"''•'"'"-''"^'-nato.
-;rfa-o« ,|o not ..how tho ,.han„. i,„i, i^, T'""" "'"^ T''"'" "'" ^'•''""■"'^
bost Hhown i„ the clcav...! pha^n J ' V a„ . ," T'" "•"'"•-'-"'= tho last i.
»''nal. som..tir„o, int.T!ooki„ir irraL v.,! " ''■""t>«"t n^».'r.r„to of polv
low ..0 rh,,,nbo',edn.l or othor orvri f, rm t f""' '^""'- ''" ♦'"- -^'rains
"P of^praotirally p„ro r-arbonat... ' "" '""^•'' "'"' ''^nnpor. aro mn-I,.
--nd..r H,/';f;;:;;:;i:;;::""j/';;;;;' ;x^^./''n ^^i' ''^'^'^ di«ti„^i«h„bi.
--.I ,.o,„po.si,lo„. Anb.,,ra and , n b 1,^ 'of T"*^-""'^" ''"'""■• ""'' •'
I'l Ut 111.
■<l,. ,i.-.| i.lij.. ..I >iv. I, hi.i. -I , CI Ilk.' IJ.iiii.'. l.ik'M \''<i' Im.'IiI* ti.it'i.
riLlllV |.11MM.m|i I 1111 <Mll«,|l,l', . 'I'lll.. l.iUllll- II lll.l.ll -!/•
I ; .l.ill. I'.M-
Sl.. :,r,,l |il,ii-. if .I..1 iti.' !■ II-.- i». Mill. mil 111 Kit. Ill m r I.,mii;iI imh. :,I \ :il,k ll'
iiiiil.ir tM"th -tiurtnr. ; -iinKni imit-, im! i-im r.u I :,t.-, mill |.i.'i.-' 'm- ii'"
in;i;.'iii -liin liiiif^t. iii- 'l\\-< iliii'l- n.iliiial -i/- .
2."u~ v.il. li |.. 71.
Il]i,-ihii.
I '-T*!' 1
■'._ ,i'm.\.
jp' 1^
I.T.I-lHiT III nil. I .'III I l>//,''/\'M//.7.'
75
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
vnlumt". The rhoiiiUoliodral mi'l -ul]rli..Mil'
li-al ,T.v-t.i!- av.r^i^'.' .iIh'uI '» 'M
TIm'V hi.' .Mav.l.lr.l ill ., l.n-<. wln<-l. i- lurtlv ronii" 1 "f
i-iirbi'iiiitr Init of much >^i.',;i11it -i/i-.
ir l.'ss to 0.(Mir. mm. -V fi'W miinit.-
! A f.-w (hist-liko iwrti<'l'- "f <Mrt"'T>
„nd rvrito arc n8M..-i;.t.Mj with lh.. ..rl.... •■■. Tl,- rrn.ain.I.T ..f tl,,. l.;.-.' i- m
oolourifss, amorphous to si.l.cry-lalliiio on... .it whoso diajrnosi.* is oxtr.MM.h .l.m
li.iil 1. nt'ra.-ti.ii, .ith.-r ml -r , xtniii.l.v
1- lia-c of thu Altyii
mm. ill (li.iiiiotcr
niiiiicroiis aiihcdral >:raiiiili> of ihi' s.ui'.'
with .liami'tcrs varyiiig from i)f>»U mm. -
angular grains of (inartz ami fclilsi)ar ai.
fchispar in the r.»l<.
alumina, and it mu-^t carry the
may ho iirp-cni. as
thill sccli.ms ciulii
The slxH-ific pravity of six ty]x- .siK-.im.ns vanes
and
I'ult. Its siller!.' nlrai'tioli is l.iw and it
faint. These properties arc like those note<l for th. si!i,i,.,
dolomite. The .-hemi.al analysis shows a eontent of silma an.l .dumum .■,.,,
siderably in excess of the amounts required for the httle ehiM.e Muartz an.
It thus apr«ars th.it llie e.n.eiit e.irnes hotli
eomhin.'.l waU-r. Trm> anrilhieeoMS matter
well as amorphous au.l .•halee.h.ni.- sili.'a. In none of the
-.ri.'ite he .leteet.^d. _ .
s from •-'•'i.''>T to -■ .t'lt, witli
an average of 2.702. Th.se low values in.lieat,- the impurity of ^^^^^ •■-^^;;^'-
The lighL-niiiK of the r.H-k must, in lairv^l am,.iint. he attrd.uted to the (em<nt
of the nuiRne-ian part. . e ,u
Owin^' to the extensive au.l hiu-ldy in^rn.lar r..arra.ipeimM,t of th. ,.^
honates in the molar-tooth r...-k it is n,.t .asy ,.. ^.vuiva s,M...,men whwdi shall
faithfully vepres..,t its averap.. <....u,.oMtio„. .V spe.-.mon J"^"'"-"'""'; J''
this i.leal was taken from the clitTs of Sawtooth rulKe, 15 ni. lea east of I-owe
Kintla lak.^ Alaterial fr..m this sp.-.-im..n wa. so s<.le..ted a. t.. . ..ut.iin
mairm.sian hase and eah'ith- ..-frr-.UMtion in al>..,it their av..rajr,. pr,.p..rU..ns^ lu
natur.'. and the pow.leri'.l mixture (sp<>.'im.'n X". V''"<. '
f,.s-or P;ttrieh. The result is as folh.ws:
(if .■^/i/c/i iiiipifi-r ?n»rv/oN'
Tro
.1 in/)/.<(v
^.(1
AlO,
Ko,0,
r«()
Mb(I
CilO
N:. ()
K.O
ll.O at llfl'^C..
ll.O lllKlV.' IIH"*".
C'
('I I
1 .VI
■>i7
iniv>
■.■)!
1-21
■IT
itt:!
.m
■j:iwi
■JTtl
>!>■ Kl
Portion insnlublp in liy.h-e.lili'ii-
roitioi. ^>Iu1)1p 111 l.y.li'.< lil.ino
i'v.O
AIX).
CiiO
Msl"
Lir.d .
I.I
M. !
.(i.n
.IMil
•012
•2.V2
■ :i.V.'
■ IM)S
•01 :i
'.Ifitl
• id
to (.!>
2 17
i-sr
19.7li
A
'ifcA->..^'
^- i:
76
/'/ /M //y .)//.. \y„, /,n.nr,,,'tf.„
Thi
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
-'"'-""it-: .1-0 alkali.,; t"h;:;^'::;r:r"ir '•:'"^ "^ »''^- -^ ""• -^'-n
'"-, iHvn a,,.Iie.l heie. giving" 'non'" ^ ""•,'" "7*^ '"'^»'"^*' "* '•alcula.iou
='-.frn.sii„o.l..„Iati,,j,tho'nom,s'o J ""•I-..lo. ,,u,t as ,),, alkali.s aro
"' .1... f<,liow ... u,ll, wlnel low tt ;,''';■ '"r"'" '^^ -^^^"''^ ""• «i-.i
b..n.t..s an. ..<,n.,.„u.,l. ,l,o o,l, ",,,,!,, r^'', *"■■ "" "•'^-'^ "^ f«>- "« tho -ar-
"■M,~ntu,.„T« l,,.,,,^ „„,,.,. arl.itrarily trrat...!:
•'alciuni carbnnatp
Ji;',Knwiam carbonn'tp
•>Tli<.a
Orfhoclasp inoiwulo.'
Albil© inoleculp
Va(,'iietite. . .. " '
''.'niaiiKipr^ . . .* '
3,'>-3
18-8
280
"•2
4-2
2-6
3-9
Til,.
4I.L' ,„.,■
100.0
't iiiii'iunl
proportions of the oarl>o,iat(... .•orr,..Mo,„l ,
'i'.lomit.. and 12. 9 ,Kr (.ent of fr ] . ''^"'' '
-d .iates from the time of the .io iion 3 " "'r ""'■" '"•■-'"''">• '" ••^-'•'■-
11... In,.h iK^mntajro of water (ahovo lio'r • "
•his metamorpiiio agent even at 1 ^'- "* '"^'''''^
--u,toeM.ai„ti^:i.:^:;::,,^ff:^[;i--,-^^
The enntent of carbon, low as it i i , "'/'■""' '" t''
tint of the frosh rock. ' """■' ''-^■■u.\h],
rieldSr?.* T *'" ■'''■^"■'' ■'"''^""'^' ""'-"^■"
,. „ '', • ^'"^ t^" ♦•^•P0« "^e yet simih
.■^liowinfr that
'•'. .^0,1 in sufficient
♦00th striictiiro.
'"""ally (iark
:"i'l the Ai,yii ,|,,l,,niite an. in
tho cari.onatc ■>«;«■ h:; i;';':!:;:::;:^----' '"'.-'ant r,..p,.ct.. i„':.a:h
-..cstion in cither case tha^ he :i,;;/;:l/'7'r-''- ''"'"• '''"' ^
... ,lolonutic ^Tains tenrl to assume he V '* ''f *''' r""'^""- ^" '"•■'' -•"^'^
d.ame.cr is scn.iMy identical n w h t '; 1r' '"""• '''"''^ "-"''-
comn..<,.„. .!._ ,_ .. «'"i tliat of t.b.. avera-.. cjilcite grains
eomposin;, the lenses, pencils, and .tHmlr^V;^ "'" T""^' ^"''•'''' '^-"i-
avoragc diameter is al=opract..nlKwr *'"' '"^''•■»'-t""fl' i'^x-k. This
ujes which compose ear:^ ^ ij: r^S, "/'''''•'•''"'•'^'■♦'^"-''^ ^'- '^-n-
of oohte in the Siyeh and neigld,onri ,' t^ J ^ ,:"' t^" '"■r"^'"""''' f^'" '-l-^
..n.oa, origin of the latter, nor can . " ^ ^, , ^ tho ^iS;:'"^ "^ ^'^
Is
tions. It would seem
diaraclerizo*! l,y the same 1
liave in two
mm:
itEfitur <>!■■ t:ii: ciin.i \si itdMnirn 7V
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
oriKiii in \h,- ,1. in-iti,.!! . t' l.ui.i .l.trir..- ..u th ;i-l!o..r. A -tu.lv -f ,ill tl:.'
availiiM.' fact^ Ims tlin~. t..r.-.Ml th.- writ.-r r<. tin- l..-lict' ili.it ih.- Uiil'.' Sivrh ,iii.l
Altyn foriiiiiticn.-i ;irr ■•liirriy tlic |,r .In.'t ..f I..1;;,' rniitiiin''.i tlip.wiiiir .I'.wii ..|
rali'iiim iiiirl iiinym-iinii .Mrl^init.' fmn -r.i-watrr, t'n.iii wWu-h \h<-v w:i- :i
likowi^ie >ln\v .l(Mi..-iti'.ii •■!' -ili. •!..,,- iniil.ly THMtt.T lir.Hidit t>..in ill.' Imii.I-.
Tho iiiolur-t.>..th -irr.i-tiiiv ..l' t'\>- Siv.-Ii i~ - .hu-.v ^111.! \v:i- .l.-\.l.,i..-.l nfr. r
burial.
SlIll'I'MMl I-''ill\l Ml'iV.
!;,■!'. ml Dr^.ni.li,,,,. (■nnf..riiialil,v ovcrl.viiiir tli.' I'linTll l.ava in lh(^
Clarl.-<" ami L.'wi- raimr- i- a -r.Mi|. ..f .strata wlii.-h ha, 1 11 nam.'.! th.-
' Shoiiuarcl (iiiartzitr ' l.y Willie. \\>- sp.-ak- of it a- h. h.iiiiiupr \>< a
• di.-.tinctlv saii.lv i.ha-o .)f .WpoMtioii a .luartzito \\,ii.l. i^
vcrv r..ii>;hlv rsliniat. .1 to have r, tlii.-kn.-s- ,.f T<>0 tV.-f. It t..rin-^ th.' .Tr-t
of Lewis raimc in t!i.- vi.'inity .if M.mnt Clcv.laii.l aii.l Sh.|.i>ar.l (11a. 'i.T
hctwfi'ii B:'lly riv.r an.i Matl..). nMuntalii [type l...'alityl. It lia- 11..I li.'.ii
-tu.lii'il in .li'tail hut i^ r.-.'.mii/i"l a- a ili-tin.-t .ilvi-i..ii ..f the ~. I'l.-."^'
Th.' lithol. lyrical ohara.'t. r ..f th.- h."!- nrrini;- in th.' l!...in.larv ..,'.-t;.,ii<
:,n.l .'.luivalt'iil to th,' strata at Willis' typ,. l.icality ilitTi-i-s .somewhat fn.ni th.'
.■hara.'tcr stated in liis hri. f ,le..^.'i'i|.t I..11. Tiiis la.-k of a.-c.r.lai..'.' may p..s-il.ly
1-.. explained throiifrh a.'tnal .litf.r.ii.'-- in the h..N as th.y an- en.'onnter.'.l
at ilitTerent p..int3 nUmir the axis of the Clarke raii^^e. U may 1.,- m.te.l. Imw-
ev.'!-, that the pre-fint writ.-r. .lurinLT a rapi.l tr.iv.r-.' a.-r.i- tli.- l.iwis raiip'
via the Swift Current Ta-s. f..un.l tiiat th.-n- the 1..-.1- "f th.- Sh.-ppanl forma-
tion are extremely like tlmse -tu.li.-.l in tli.' l!..un.lary h.lt. Th,- staple n-'k
..f the Sheppanl is ii,>t easy t.. .liafrno-^c in th.- ti.-M. ll wa> o.ily aft.-r mn-i-..-
scopi.' -tudv that one .•..;i!.l he sur.- ..f th.- trii,' iiatuiv ..f the s..li lit. It-
.-olour, <'ompa.'tne-s, and general lial.it are th..-e .-f an impure, tlau-^iy .piarl/.it.-.
The thin seeti..ii -liou- that the r.i.'k is lanr.'ly - ..n;p..s,'.l ..t <'arli..nat,' i.l..l..m-
ite) and that quartz oe.-urs as minut • f-'rains rath, r evenly distnhut.'.l t.hr.mi,'h
the mass of eaHu.nate. Tli.' stai.le r--,'k .-f th.- Sheppanl i-^. thus, in th,'
Boun.lary belt and pr.ibahly al-.. farth.-r >..utl!. a Mli.-i..us ,l,,lomite .,r .hiL-mit^i,-
-piartzlt-. M.iro tvpieal .piartzite ..e.'ur- a- a -^uhor.linate e..iistitii.-nt ..1 tae
formation, a- shown in the f.dh.win- e..lunii.ar M-tion ..f th.' f..nnati..i, wh.re
.•xp.>^cd just ii.Tth of th.' H.iun.lary ni..num.nt ..n th,- (ireat Divid.-: -
CoJiliDii'ir ^rrlinii <)'' Sh'ppitr'l fiinml! inn.
Tun i.,iif..ini.il)l,' 1..!-^' ..f Kiiitl-. f..rinat 1..11.
oSII f.M't Tl.ii.-l>..l.l.<l,' lisilit i;r..v, liiillily ^ili<■i..us .!ol..i.iit.-.. weatli.^nnj; liurt^a
l,.>im)K,-ne..u- iiu'iab.-r ..c .>M.>ii.vlly .-.,iu rftioiiary ; -ni.. ,.i Ui.- ni.'.-
■-ilii-i.ai, hi'.ls i( iiroxnir.'.in ; iii;'.i;iH";iiui iiii i' t/i,.'.
:.MI ■■ i;.-cbb-!i, mtcrli.tlil'tl .i.i-irt/itc and m'.hi.'IW arKilIit,-.
600 fo*t
Bait', .-.iiif.inii.ihl.' t.ii> .if I'.ii.i-ll l.av.i.
IS. Willi-. li'iM. <-:-.. 1. ■■^'-- .\'"-ii ■'. V .1. 1:!. m-2. V. Kt.
78
""'"•""" '^- nu: nn.uinu
•■\' tht> lead ,,,• Starv„ti„„
'■itn,\oi] till.
><'''iic'ii i^ si
Top. conformable base of Kintia formation
i GEORGE V, A. 1912
i^'ifly (litTiTciit: •
'rfW f^f TV. , """■""«<> 0' J^'MHa formation.
•«'?-g;<^'^:-,i!:!-^;'«^'^/««-wea.her.„, sU.c.o.. dCon.ite.
a« Medium to thin-bichlcl lediliKh ..„^
58S fpft.
Base, conformable top of I>„r,.ell Lava.
'ypic^fSti;:B;i;;;:;;r',r'''Titt'"';'7;i ": '"■ '■--"•■'■ - ""■ --.■
ioca. outiiow. .,ot f..-u,d'i„'ttil:%' rtr "■ ,:^ ■"?' '-t— » "."..■
"1 the Oalton ran^o "^ *" ""' '>"-f"i'nl. nop iinywhoro
..ost':;:.t:':j i^e S:^:!;:^^-^:^? "^°,f ■'"'■ - ^'■— - ^> --
below the has., of the KintV Wnt " """"'"" '"' ^ '" "" ""'"■• ^^-'^
in the form „f pale i:row S^S: ^va "^rTo T-' "' ""'°"^'''- ^^ "--•"
>n diametor and avora«ing al o t' (> "L t, ' """• "' '"^^ '" "''3 umu
rl.on.boh..i.al outlines Th^.:„*n!lir, «" '"'■^'" '^'•*'""^ "^^^^ «how
-arbonate ^rain,, .,„art.. ^riciraTd nr n %^r'''-'»"l '"««' "f anhrdral
-derable an,ount of .•ol,„e=n"1''^r'"" ''••!"■ '"""^ -'"•■•-« " '^o"-
.dentical with the re.notit fo,„Vd T„ 1. s'v^r ""/''■'"'• "'""'' ^"^'"^ »" be
the Altyn doloniito. As i„ th ., to, ro^l .'"""^'^"-^ "»<1 '-rtain phn.o« of
Tl.e specific ^mvitv of tho i ■ '^'' '"'■"' "^ ^''^ ^''"''^ i-o<^l<
speoiniens/rat^gos f;om"2l5 to trss'''"' ' ""■ '" ""'"^""'^'' '" '^'■••- ^-^1'
A typp-spccimen (Xo. i:!(>i) ,.o|i,.;.f,,| .,t ,|„- 1, ,.i .• «.
».en nnaWl by Profe... Dittrich. Jul tj;!u ^t^lJ: ■'''"'''''' '"'''
hiis
.4 itali/six
''I'l-nronl i,n,u,rr ,l„/o„nf,-
SiO
Al.(),..
iV-t),..
leO..
N'1-.o.. .'■.;■ ■'
n,() lit iiocc.'.
Il,() iib(.v,. IliFC
2»«1
ti-K4
■"*
201
I.t-3*
1911
•62
2((r
•2t
i-rti
■2H-S>.i
lOflld
c-::9
M..1.
• iin
■<wi:
not
■028
•••131
■■112
•010
■n22
■11%
■tl'lti
in.i'iitii III iiii: iini I' a.^i loi.MinHi "^
&ES&IONAL PAPER No. 25a
Portion in'olubIi> in l.ydiochloi [.■ acitl 322.1"„
Portion soUible in liyilroililoric acid ^^
I'^^'i 2'21>
;Vl''' " '.. ■' '.'. 18-86
MrO
The .MrlM.nalcs .m.iiM U- nitli.T c-losoly .•nl.i.lnted if it w. ro known
how iiuioh of the iVrrous in.n i^ I.r.'s,„t in tl.r -i.l.-riti. niol.vuh'. S.nro th-
■ nrbon dioxi.lo is no n..,re than sufticiont to ^..ti-ty the li.n,- an.l ni;i(;n.-ia of
the soluble- i-irtion. it is ,.rohahlo that iron .-arhonato i- pr-smt m l.nt very
-mall ..nioiiMt. A (h-tiiiitc assifniincnt nf th.' alkalns is hrro .mpo-sihlo. 1 h..
-^oda is arbitrarily assipn,.! to tho albito niolo^-nh", althniiKh it is ,.osMbh. that
paragnnito is pr.-ont. A partial ral.ulation yi.-l<ls th- fnllowinp r.-siilt:
Cu'.cium carbonat« '.,.'i
Matinesinm carHoniili' "."
Alhite nioloculc- |.,f|^
tree sihca ■ ■ ■■ .,T.(,
Scricit.'. |iotii-li f.'lcl...par. iron o\i<l>-, i-t-
lOOn
Thi- ratio of CaO to MfjO in tho -oluMo i«.rtion is 1 ir.n:l, a vaha- v. iv
close to that in normal flolomitc ,, , , , ,
Dolomite forms about .51 per cent of thi.- ipenmen. I rohab y nowh.r.
in the formation .bes it form more than To ikt <.nt of any be.l. he pereent-
age in the more sillcious beds may run far below 40 per eetit. n= shown bv the
specific gravity, i.'*-'.". <-f one fie^h >iHM'inieii.
Inasnni.'h as the mineral .lolomite .lon.inat.-s over the tree .v.r.r /., tlw
staple roc. of the formation may be .-las-iii.-.l as a hif^bly silicons .lolomit..
(^hemi.-allv 'his r.K-U notably r,-embb-s the Siy.-h nnmn.sian lum-stnne ami th.-
\ltyn .loli.mit.-. Also important are the similarities of strueture an.l size ot
sra'in. implyin^c lik.- .-omlitions ..f ..riyin for th.- e-sential .-arbonat.-s.
Interhedded Lava—Tho amygdaloidal lava IkkI near the ba>c- of the forma-
tion is similar i.i eomposi.ion to th- I'un-.-ll Lava an.l .lonbtless represents a
local, .somewhat later How from the same basalt..' ma«-ma. This lava .s voMCular
throuiihout, .nueh .nore so than tl.e Purcell Lava, fhe yosuJes are. as u,nal,
partieularly large and num.-rous near the np.x-r -urta.-,; of the H.,w. 1 he lar . r
ones approach 1 c... in .Han.eter. In the highly vesicular pha.se the vesi e,
average about 2 n.m. in .liameter a.i.l co...,>o-e ^^onx one-.p,a.-t.M- to one-th
of the roe-.-'s whole volnnu'. The vehicles are g.-nerally .'omplete ly til bnl with
well ervstalli/.ed ealeitc, less often with firamilar or radially erystallized .inartz.
and a few are Hlled with both ,-al,-it.. an.l .quartz. Tlu r.- is n.,th.n^^ sp.-.-ially
noteworthy .-..nCTning the .sill-ions amvgdnle^. but the large majority of th,^
pure-enlcite amyg.lul.s present n remarkable phenomenon wh„-h, ^o far as
known t,> the writer has not been d.'seriK-,. in petr..grapl..e l.terature
In the highly v.. ular p' .se of the lava th.- calct.^ of many -.w-,at.,l
amvedubs is all ripMlv orl tate.l so that there is simultane.-us r. -t.-n .,f
light from a elenvflge-snrf, in ea.-h e^posed amypdule. Careful e^amlnatlon
um:w^i-^::?mi ^
ao
i>r.:-M!,Mt:M nr iin: im ri.-K.j,-
, , , . 2 GEORGt V. A iqt?
;"t-rrnp,o,l l,„llvi,l„al is v.rv - ,„i|, , , ""■ ^"■l-.-nu,,.,. ,.f „„.,. ,„
I "•'" • "'■''^- tn.- ph,.,,,.,,,,.,,,.,, 1„.„,., .„„l..r~t,.,.| l,v ,1„.
=Li;:j:;;;!/;;;;:t-!r,r;t;;'----rn-''^^
.,,, ^ ' " 111 I. p.irt-, .it liip ruck. ( I- ."■iin- ifl ■)
offer. „„ ;„„„...„., ,„,;„,„;, J:\::':ttrtT:r:::. '"^ 'r^-'r'
rap'
■ til
li.v 'liKirtz
i;i r
<,i!i III I III. I nil I' \.-'i i!<>\i>\ii.i:
81
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
no intcrromnn...ic.,i.n . i<l„ r ... tl,. n,.;u.l..l -,...,• ;""'•;''"■;"';■'■■;"■;';':
wlli.l, tl,.' .ul-'il.- WM- ....•.•,,„t;.l.-,l „h.l..u\,t.-.|iV .■titrl.Ml ,.1.
|.l;,y ..f f.r.'-
!lli- ill
Tho woti r in 'III
ve-irle t'lruu,'.. o,..ni..K- in '1"' «.'ll- '"'t -'"•'' "l-mnj.- mp,
Kcn.TiUv of ,nl..Mi'inrti-.v -i/.>. 1' i* 'iitli.'nl. t- itiuiuu,.' th.-
the history of the .TyMallizntion Nvhi.-h nr<m,..-l th.- ni .■.!.• mi..I. .m
amvSl. -. ^ t„ «iv; it. tilli,,. . .-.MM,o>, ,.r.v«..ll..«ra,.hi. ax,. w,.l, hun.hv.U
Jn'Shonrin. anW-l'tl-. It h.-.k» :„ if th- f,.r f ..r>.t„H,. h.l .,--
iite<l .lireetly •hr.uiih ti o r-cU wall nt ni.-li v.-^irlr.
...rii'-. tlK" Kititlii
Im the tiiM th.' Kiii'la !-..n..ati..u i- a ,-..Ms|,i,.u..„. ,l.M,.-i,t ■>< \h
series Stnitiizraphieally the lii^h.^st know,, nwmh.r ..f the -mt
connn',mly ...-ur. o„ the hi.her Mun,ni., a,„l thu. ah„ve tr.e hue Fh.' hue
ex,>o.ure. an.l a -triki,,,' .lee,, n-.l .•ol..„r. ,tr.,.tn^r «„h "'" ;^'*-'' ! '"*:^ " ' .
of' the Sh,,.par,l. r,.,uh.r the ar.illi.e vi-ihle f..r tnany ,„,... '''"'""f ' ' "
etT..c.. if the vn.'Koa Unvis a.,.l Clark., r.nue. an; ..ontrolle.l hy th.. r . h •
of the arKilli... a. it li.« i.i I-la-.. .m, the „...unta,n-.Te>t- or, l.y >t. ,tr. a,nn,.
talus leiuU l.road slush.-s of .•..h.nr ... the h.wer M»--
lions in th.. Ho.uMary '.elt an' hot , north ..t th-
.f K'intla .-i^-.'k canyon, th.- o.h.T at ih.- h.'a.l
in th.. f..nn..r >.-..t;..n hav.- I n .l..<.-rih...l h'
The h<-it stii.lie.! -'ceti
B,)un.hirv iiin.; one at th.- h.-a.
of Starvation .-r.-ek. Tl . r...-k- in th.. f..r.n..r >.-..te.n
Willis, to wla.in we owe ihr nan... ..f .!■.•• f..rniati..n :
'The hiuhoH he.ls of ,h lent m-iu,.-,.-,. ..f -.rata f..nn.l iu thi- pav-
la..|'..iis ,i)nirt7;it..s an.l siln-e.n^ -hal.-. with
loi<i> le.l arpil
,nark.>.l whit.. ..nart.it.., an.l .,e.-a-ional -al.-a.-.- l"'l- I l'"> ">• •••^;
th,. Kintla formation fr,.in their ....enrr..n.v ,n n-..,un.a,us on th •
,,aral„l. northeast ,>f T',.,.,.r Kin.la lak... 'l h,.y als ■ f...->n ..on-I-n ■ .-
..ak, we-t of T.ittle Ko..tna .-n-.-k. Th.. Kintla 1..nnatt..n .-lo-.-lv re-... hi, -
the Crinnell. a.nl ,o,,re-..nt..s a roenrnn-e ot ....n.hfons tavonrahl. t.
,i..po.si.ion of exfvn.ely tnn.hly. f,.rrosrin..ns -..lnn,;nt, 1 h.^pn- ■,,.■.■ ■'
.•ast. of salt erys.als is apparently si.Mnti.-an. ol arehty a- th,. r...l .ha,
„..ter is of -nhai^rial oxi.lath.n. The forn.ntion has an o h-erv,..l th,.-kn.--
of 'iOO f.el. her no ..v.Tlyinff r.-.-k- wn- fonn,l. Its total th,..kn.-ss ^s n...
known, and th.' -I'ri,." n-niains ini'omi>l.te. *
To Willis- aeeount the followi,>K -leta.l, nn.y he a.hh'J for '''': -;';•;''■
The htal e...ler i. sixtv f..et thiek. .'on-isti...' of re.1. -an.ly arfr.lh.e .„ter^
!tn.tifie, w th hin heds of bright .-ray silh-iouB a.td n.aKnes.at. lut.estone an.
;S.etn ! !art.ite. eaeh type w.atherin, hntl The^e i.,terhe,ls -e 'denttea
in !'haraot.. with the priu..ipal phas.. of the Sheppard. sl.ow.n. that 1 tw
forn..iti..ns are d.n-..tail...l to.'.'ther. Ov.'rlym? th,.>.' re.l he.!- i- . fort.^
£;: ;i ;:;ic^-i,.nlar lava. li,h.,lo.i..ally sin.ilar to hoth tho r„r,.,.ll T.ava an.l
•n. Willi-
25a— 6
liiill. <l..ol. >."'. Aiii,..i i, .,
v,.i. r;. I'.Mt, 1, ifit
83
ItKI-AHTUKM in Tin: ISU:i;i<,ll
2 GEORGt v.. A. 19ir
^.JU, 1,.«1 outflow ..f ,.,«„„., l«,.luM>, tlM. .in«„lnr ,„ r^i^t.,,,,.., „,■ „,., ,.,„,,„
mix,f/".'ri ''''/"•'• '" '!".■ '^'""■'" f"""'"i"". i^ n tln.kn,.. „f M.m foot „f
:;:^:h „^:'-.;;i::;;;;;:r;,' "ir ?'.^i j;:f f;;..^;';'T^""'^ r"'"^ ^"
oniiR huff- aiid thin l,..,l. ,f '.' "-'^. «f-'.> ^'l">tl.^l (rluTly) ..nlllr. w..„lli-
- « '- AL:;v';;'c':.i::;;;r,rz^';;r;:::' :;;;:::;;: -:
.irnoi™, ,„ „„, oW„od in i|,o „„.,„,i„„ i,„„H,„i. "
Th,. mlnmnnr >«.■««„ f„, tW t;,,. l„c„|it,. „„ k„ „.^.. _
Co\y,r»rv,r sfHion .-/ KinUa formaHi,n.
Top T'roHum-siirfa*'**.
;;;; '"'• '''^'^'^^=r::z^j:-'^:^:"^^^ -< -.-.^^. a.,.. ..„„i... .„„
■W •■ Airiyeilaloid. ^ '""' ""'""''""''■""»* ""d gray (.'.mcretionary liinisUui^.
^^ • Tl,„,.'Uid,^ r«l argilliu., with thin inUTcalation. of .nagnesian n„art,.,t..
>«kp ffct.
liase, c,nf„ri,ml,l,. t.,,,„f Sheppard f..nnation.
ro ntn"^ ''^ Hawson and Willis. The onsts represent both eolplei
. I.e> ,m,l th,. l.nppor shape of skeleton orystals. f Plate 11.) The e„l>os are of
ol^inl . ^ ' "\^''^''^'«- ^-^n^ "iMindant. Thin-be<ldinp an,l minut^
,on,t,npave rendered the arpillites hi.hly fissile; the n^onntafn peak.T,^-
po^ed . f this fmnat.on are usually eovered vrith a fine-textnred. er.Vpinjr feh-
s nr ..r .h.,n oft,.,,, over lar.e areas, eo.npletely eovers the led.es ^r oekt
■ff-jiiiHSiiW^?
I'l Mh n
(•;c>i- ..t -,ili ciy>i^il- 1" KnitU
illif
;,1„.U1 tU.I tllinl~ llalMl ll -!/-■■
25a ii'l. ii— p. H2.
CWH"
, 1 lliyi'li>lr.fJliat^'
I ■*!
i
i
r^^MBSrSX:^
Af# »^• z- 1
Smd
Ht.rnin ill nil i nn.i a.'I i:i>m:\ih;
B3
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25*
Tin- sptwific Kravify of tlini> mirciiniiiii if the iirfillilf rnllKl•^ fr<>iii i'tllO ti.
■-■•>'.»7, aMTii)jiii>f 2 •!.".'. Tlic nviTutJt" fi.r tin- «liiil«> li.niiiilioii < iTiclii^liiiK thr
ilii'oiiiitli' iiiUTl-e<l» (l T-i;i) ami the (iin.VB.Inlnid (ca. 2imK>) in about 2H75.
Thill KO'tion* frf>in <lilTrri iit spi'.inn ii> ..f tlu' iirvrillili> "Imw, iiinlrr t\:r
iiiicroKcoiH', ilifff rt'iiron nf LTuiri l.iit, in .illicr n >|m>i(-. urc iiiiiiilMr. Atifriilnr.
slieril.v uriiins i.f <li iir >\\i»n/. iiml cf imtiilily fr<-li iniiTM'liiK 1 miiTo[MTthitc.
< loinly ■rlh'x'hii'o. niul ii lilti" iinli'tirtninaili' pLiKiocln-i' lii- rrnlMMlili'il in nii
nbiiii(|niit ci'iiioiit of iii>i>ar»>titl,v true urpilliicc oii> niuttir. n-tlilcnc.i wiJli n\w-)\
I'tiintiti'. (;n\in> of imiviiitili' iiml iii>nlitc. imlMiLlv (.f cla-tic (irijriii. nrc
I'li'-cnt. Itiijririil f"il-' iiimI «liri(i< of wricitc (Ic'VcIoikmI in llic iKHlilinKplmifs.
Iiml M'.'nndnry knnlin n'priH, nt «i.:iic riHrytulli/iition, hut tin- T«<-k uui*i !,.•
ipjrar(l<d ns n trim nru'illitc. In wmv of tho tliiii sections (l..c- it ^how tlic
Jiiiioiiiit of rc»Ty-tulliziiti(.ii m-ph in ihi- hUot, twni- dccplv linrir.j in.tiia'itlit. •
In oMi- section, miniitc, ii:il.' I. roan LTniiii ,.f curlHiiuti'. prol.nl.lv .|..loiiiiti. ,,r
ffrriMJiiiiiiniti', iiri' ili-trilmtid ;is in tlii' (irliim-ll tm tiirtrillitf.
'I'lie n-iMirrfiicc of tlic .'•iioc' il fildspnr, iiiiiToiirrtliitc. in tlic Kiiitlu !■> 'i-
tit'*— u loiistilupiit \vlii(!'i i- fouiid in itmst ,,( tli.> i-lii^tic hiiU tliroii(fh tiif
whole Lewi" >;< riw -mIiow- thnt probnhly i<ur irnat crv-tnllini' tcrrnnt' fiirninhi'il
the "Icfritiia diirinfr the dciH.-itioM of tin- sirii-. Tiio itnnt frcslino-s ivf tin'
feldspars in mo^t of tho beds suppostM tluit the ir.wii.n nf that torrnno and tin
prooiHs of 9((litncntiiti"n v.-iTr rnpid. One mii.v woli sii-pcct aUo that tlic
clitnafe in which di-iiitfirration overtook c'leniii'nl wcatluriiifr was an arid
•■lininto. Thi- 8iisid<'ioii is strenprtlicned by the ilisicvcry of abiiiidaiit ciisfs of
salt.-crvst.aN in the Kiiitla rocks. BiirrcU has shown i sons for Ix-licvinir that
the Kiiithi rcpck.' were laid do* -i under rontiiiontal oo!i(liti<ins, a.s subivrial
deposits.* For this one formation the writer can quite apre<> with the view,
but he believe.") tlipt the Shoppard and all the undertyinp fonnations, exeeptinir.
possibly, a limited kiies- of ruitiuejl and A[)|H'knnny be<|s. were laid d"wn
iin the sea-flofir.
ABSENCE OF TKIASSIC AM) .Il'If A.'^SIC FOKM.ATIONS
No strata referable t,, the pre-('retace.uis Nh-ozoic occur within the
Boundary belt either in the Chirke nui«e or in any of the other n.n/^es between
the fireat Plains and tho (^llu^lbia river. Tti his reconnai ■anc4> of T"?."".
Dawsen assipned the red beds of the Kintlu forniafion to the . ciassic, bn-inj.'
his Correlation on the litholopical similarity (.f the arpillite-samlstoiie to the
Trias.sic of the stjites farther sout'i, and on th" belief that the iindorlyinp
Siych limestone is of Carboniferous at'e.+ Willis has ooncludtHl that the
Kintla formation is much elder than the Triassb- and. as indicated, the pnsei.t
writer ajrrees in assipniiifr a pre-I)ev<uiian n,7e to t!ie fermation.J
M. B-'rell, Journal <.f Oeolouy, Vi'l. 14. 19W. i . ,W.3.
+ 0. M. Dawson, RuU. Gt>ol. Sor .America. V.,j. 12. 1901, p. Tt. nlnr.' fiirtlwr rcfcr-
pnctvi.
IB. Willii, Bull. Gfol. Sue. Anicrim. Vol. 13 IWl'. p SJ.'i.
L'.la— 6.;
84
l>i:rii;nn \i ,,i nii i\iii:i>tif
2 GrOBOt \ . A 191 •>
lioiil Willin' papr:* 'ni'.ii rn lull i,iMi|.iti.,ii
' < 'rctiu'Cimi itnitii ;.r. Init ih.,,i!v , v.. i i i
Killing nr iiMiffc, ,,l ,11111 •itoiir :i nii r , h,,,,^ s;,, i .
i:K':,;r:;:;^:.r;::™;^;:;;;/lrr:;r "■-"-'''•-
11 ,, . iM'piir III!' iiio I il.,iii ■> ..III'- wi'.t ,,(■ >si;.,. M
l"k.'.-. MP Sw.ft CurnMit v„!l,.v. ,.„ K,.nM..,|v ir Lk ,1 ,- , "''
■"-\ on Hi-lly riv,.,-. WlII,., i- ,||., ,. | "•' ^^■. "'""'t ( In-f -noi.nt.m,.
i-.n.. nam..lv. M.k.., M , „'„ 7 ■-.""■"■"'•" '''•"■,■•""■"•■ ''
tl.r„w„ l,v f,««iU on ,h ; il ,•"""":'■ ••'"•."'■•■-'' '1- li«lH
;izr'"n,::-;L.::;r::r,,;;:;::;;r
^- ■.■':.r';r;i,r,ro'.u:;",;;!, ';,'t";:;;.„r ,:;r,r^-'--' " '
"f 111. Crowno.. Oo,m,.|,l,. ' ' "'"■ ' "'
■ M/<-o<a.— Ar.Tia iiu ,1,1 I iri-iili,-, ■>., 11 1
SoM.I, f„rk-, r., ,,,11,., ,.,Ht l,v .,,,,,,; 7''''^ "?"■ "^ """■' "■'"'
„f .is,„) f,.„, .,-1, "■' '""""I'li'i, Ml :n: ,!,>;,, I,, I,
^:..,t^.^;\--:v:;"r;;;;::;:',:;:;i:;,::;!:'t,; ,::„;;■;■
KZJiL!r:L::-/'^!l-';b:,,,;:!:Jvr7:r«, rrr"
A-..-„™ „,„.,„>„.. ,!,„ ;-,;;;;:■ ,,;:,ri:: ^ ;""':'S: !■;■■,:■■
*p.v,os" sa.vs K.iowIr..n. " a,o „ll .•li.,r„f,.r; »; . n 1 . 1
w :l''r,„'S:.''t;„;r''' ' ' "-■ ■
"' '^"•"""^"■^ ^' --^ "f ^-..^ M-v i.u,.: Win, ,1,;;,, :;::.:';:.;;„;:;
•H Willi.. Stn,;,j,r.iph, ..„d stn;
«,.ii. o.,i.s;,o, A^;;:;;!:rv^,:'y^ ?^";;:'"^n':::,:j ;v^ ^'^'■"f-- «--
>r.,nr
filMtsr-
Hma^-m$mkt imm
in vol;
Hi nil I
nil 1 - ; i;n\i,\i I I;
H.'>
5.1SSICNAL f'AfLH No ^b«
tl.iii bi-.U ol liiii«.-.t..m! iin.l l'iTruj(iii'"i« lundst.nf. W. II.. - . ,,Ur.i.i.ii- li-ni
,.ii,.r.,p I,.. rill ,,| I .«rr Sli.rl.uiii. I.ik. m '^«ill < uii.!' \ull.'.v. uii.l Iri.t..
...Mtli.ru -loiM. ..I Miiri 11... .11,11.111. ».!.. Miliiinn.,! t,, Mr Sinrd..,,. «!..■
i.l.ntitie* lnof<ramnn lahtalus ScUolhtiiii. I'rwnolroptii »p . Ottrea con-
■ :>ita Coiirud (!), Campluii'Vlm h|., Scaphit,' unlruotun Mc-ck un<l Haj-
,|, u. .1 m,a *i>.'T.lhi<'i -1,. AiM'ili^ tli'-i. 'hi' I •■"■•ntmu.s fnn^nh r"-
.,11.1 S,;i,il,it,.^ iirc . lu-sr<l a- i-liur;..liri-'i. II. iil..n l.iriiic,
I'll.. t..|-.Kru|.lii.' rrl.iti..ii' ..1 ll- l'ak..l>i ■ .1. r..|. ..i. K.'iin...lv .t.. U
,.iid 111.' Iiitflit-t H.'Mt.)!. ...it.T.iH .111.1. r < lu.i M,...iiiluiii an- sm-li tl.iit if
Uir 1..-.K w.r.. lilri.tly h..ri/...i,':.l lli. r.i. kii. - .f i'r. Ih.'.'.mw r.K'ka woi. •!
1„. i>,TtM( f..l. A.H ll«r.> in u -litfl.t 'li|' Ir-"" ''" t'.rin. r li.'ii.-Htti the liitt.r.
tlin'tmiy I..- in..na-..<l t.. ;!.r,iH. f.-.t ,.r M...r.. Il i-, h..«vv..r. ,h,«,I.1.. llmt
th.' ..\orllinistt «lii.'li tr»v.-rH- tli.' Alji.mkian ar.' i.arnU.'UMl l.y .ifli.T- v.
!!..• upi.ar.litly uii.li-l.nl..'.l «',vi n^ \„:\<. mi.i. if ►.■. <u. .■Mimut.. .,f tin. k
I.'*-, .tin l.e lia-^cl on tli-- waMiff «lata iii>w iivailnl.].-.
■•I .-t ii.irth. iial .f tin- ■tliiri. . ii'l "I I.""'! >ainf Mary laki' Well..
,,,l|.i-i.-.l I'ri.iii a urav -aii.Ul..nf an.! ui'i-.inlin>.' I.. Sliuiti.n'.-i .l.tcriiiiiiiili..|i
..l.lain.d /„«,.. ,.im»v ,,, . ,>.,.-il,ly .v..n„u' ..I / lil'iafw'. Ma.lm en,mo„s,
Mofk ( 0. Trllina mndr.sln M.ek, Donar cnneata Stanton, Corbula »\\.
TtinUillii \\,.. am! I.niiiitin sp. Of tli.r-.- Slant, ,ii says: •' Allli..iii.'h tli.-
,.vi,|eii f tla^.' fi.-sil-. i- ii..t al.-..tiit.l> .-h.-lu-ivc a> I., ill.' Ii..ri/-..i.. it
i- |.r..lial.lr that tli.y ar,. Ir.ni tl.. I! 'Ht i at L.iM fp.iii •...m.- Ii.,ri/..ii
within the Colora.i.i ;.'rinil)."
• /..iromiV. 'I'.'n niil.-> .■a-t ,.l I...u. !■ >.,int Mars iak.'. ..n lla- niiil.ll.'
f,.rk of Milk fiv.T. ,,..■ ir ....t.-r,.).- ..I thiii-l....l.l. .1 an. I .•r.i-*~-lrf'.i<l.-.! f-'ray
-andst.,n.' and .fntt.vus -luij. S,,i„.. ,.t tlir Iu.mt^ .•..ntain ..•iitl.fd an. I
frapm ntary plant r.ai.ain-. Otli.-i- ar.' i.arr.'H of fos^iN. ('.Ttain ^..n. ■
ar.. I0M1IK....1 of ..xt.T sh.lU. I., . >,.'tioii ni.aBiirintf 7i» f.ot W.ll. r
foiin.l tivo ..ystor l....l.<. fr.nn wlii. I. la ■ .U.-.t.-l nylr,-a iilihra M.'.k aii.l
llayd. II. f'nrhlcii; ur.Ut-nlnli^ .M,,k .iii.l llay.l.i,. an.) -inall <iH'..iiii..n- ..f
an "ui,d.'terniin...l Mda„in. wm.-li may 1..- tli.' y iir ..f M. irfi,.min,n'>"'i<
Mick. The l"''-t"i of th.' hinh.'-t -tra-uni i- -ai.l l.y Stanton to appr. a.-l.
ui..rL- nearly to O. mil'hi'i.iifitis Kvai.^ an.l Shiiinar.k Thf-c ar.' all ..la— ,|
as boLnuinor t... tic Larairii. faun,..'
[n his siimniarv ..t t'li. li.oh.t'y ..f th. i;...-k% M. .i.nun i.rl'.n in I'ai.a.la.
1 ),,»«., n writes :-
•Th.. aKKr.'f-'at. ihi.'kn.— l tla- l'pi>-r ( r.ta.. .„.- in tl..' s..iitli.T'i
pirt of tiie Larani.l.. ran:;. Ti.tni r.n.p ( ir..-iu.iin»r th. k.w.-r i«.rti..ii ..t
iho Laramie, whieh nay ho nuar.le.l a- ( r.'ta.'. .,„.) i> found t.. 1... ah..i.t
lii.lNMt f,.et. It i? i.nm..i!<-ary. how. .er. to >).. iiior.- than allude t.> thi-
ti..n hi^ . as it i> m.ir.- |.roperly i,. h.' nxar.le.l a- the we-t-Tii martriii
.,.■ the Trctacx - .-f tli. i.lain- tii.in a- -hara.-f. ■ .-ti.- .'f the ( ■..nlill.Ta..
r.'L'ioii ■"
'G M Dair-en. Bulk <i.«! S<.< Anif
Vi.l. 12. IWtl. page T>
86
hHPAinnr.ST OF THE IMKIIIiii;
p.,, ., , 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
P-il>Iy some confonnable .I„ra si,- i^^d ^ ^^ tl "i T"""' .^""■'^"- "'"'
".terinont devolopmont „f the O.-t aonm.ri •"', "' *'"' "'""'•+ ''''"'^
of the Flnthou.l fauft- ". ow o C" TT' T"'' ''^""""*'' ''"' -^"~
i.elt the pre-Mos„^oie w ; Hh ,-> n' T,!''"'-- "^'-^T''-- ■"" ^1.- Ro„„.i.,v
l'«s r,.«.„tly found th,. p. nforn Ih , , J'"l^'> •^''•'> <.w.,nka s..,..,o„. I>owlin^^
-p.... the Missi..ippia„ lin to,, < ^'t coons- r„rn<s,.. sori.. r..stin.- dirootl.y
"Pimront confornutv upon the r«rhl f/-»"«'f;'>"^ n. l.v,,,^.. „!„,,>•« with
wod a prentle, bread upwarp of the en.ton, part of tho (Jor.iinem.
KISHENEHN FORMATION.
northern half of ho five Jil t^U TJ'""'' 'u'"*^""'' ""'' <'°n»i"'"''.V. I„ the
The bed-rook thus expolod n nv^-^V T" ^"' ,''"* *'''°"'''' ''''' <i"f' «heet.
for llHin. V„l. i:i, ()ttn«a.
■ana
mmc'^
if -
I. -=.
- 1
i»:ki \. 1. ii i». sr..
Hi
BEk-oRT Oi illE tniKF ASTRUSOMER
87
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
the Commission. The exposures are hero fairly good but are not extoiisivH
enough to show the full thickness or relations of the formation. (Plate 12.)
The rocks consist chiefly of light to rather dark bluifh-gray, often sandy,
clays. In these there are numerous intcrbcds of hardened, light-gray sandstone,
varying from two inches to a foot in thickness. The sandstone is very often
characteristically nodular, with many concretions. A few seamlcls of lignite up
to 2 mm. in thickness and a few small, woody stems were observed in the clays.
The latter aually very horaogencou-i and have the look of lake deposits.
At the riTer not more than 250 feet of different beds were actually seen,
but it is probable that the total thickness rer-osented in this section exceeds
500 feet. Ten miles down the Flathead valley, n.-ar the mouth of Kintla creek,
the Kintla Lake Oil Company has drilled through TOO feet of soft ' shales ' and
sandstones bearing at intervals thin seams of coal. It is likely that these
rocks form the southern continuation of the sediments at the Boundary line.
Otherwise there is at present no hint as txJ the full extension of the lake beds.
Both clays and sandstones are at several horizons moderately fo-«iliferou8.
The fossils consist of small and extremely fragile shells. These have been
examined by Dr. T. W. Stanton, who reported the collection to
'consist entirely of fresh-water shells belonging to the genera Sphae-
rium, Valvata (?), Physa, Planorbis, and Limna;a. Similar forms occur
as early as the Fort Union, now regarded as earliest Eocene, but there
is nothing in the fossils themselves to prevent their reference to a much
later horizon in the Tertiary, because they all belong to modem types
that have persisted to the present day, though it si Id be stated that their
nearest known relatives among the western fossil species are in the Eocene.
Dr. Stanton lists the species as follows : —
Sphaerium sp. Related to Sphaerium subellipticum, M. and H.
Valvata (?) sp. Resembles Valvata suhumhilicata M. and 11.
Physa sp. r j tt
Planorbis sp. Related to Planorbis convolutus M. and H.
Limnwa sp.
For convenience this group of Tertiary beds may be called the Kishenehn
formation, the name being taken from that of the neighbouring creek. The
same formation had been discovered near the mouth of the Kishenehn by
Dawson who, in 1886, wrote: —
' Tertiary rocks resembling those assigned to the Miocene in the central
plaU^au region of British Columbia, were met with in one or two small
exposures in the bed and banks of the river, but poorly displayed and much
disturbed by slides. They consist, so far as seen, of hard pale clays and
sandy clays. It is probable that they underlie a considerable part of the
width of this great flat-bottomed valley, though their extension to the north
and south is quite indeterminate.'*
• a. M. Dawson, Ann. Report, Geol. Snrv., Canada, 1885, Part B. p. 5S.
88
UEVAin.\it:\T OF rut: i\ri:uiun
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
.1.. .•.i.MnT'f'l."'"'"'^" °^ I"'"" ''''"'^ " ""^'■"•■' »''" *''"•■"»«'"•■ ^hi.l. ho
Ui-i-iitip(| in the following words; —
'On the North fork of the Flathead tlu-r,- are, ,,s alrendv stute.1. hluff.
of clay with .nterbe.lded sm.dstones and li^rutes. in wl,ieh no fossils were
to.md. Details of constitution are s.innnarize.l i„ the tabular statement
d ti n""''f r I" ""'"'"'t ^'*"" °^ ""l-"tiou. and the li^nitie eon-
d.tmn of the carbonaeeous deposits serve to in.iieate that thev mav be
of Mioeene or Pliocene age as are In.ds near .\ri.soula. whieh thev resemble
The.e de,K,8, s are called lake be.ls beeause thev are verv ,li. i,„.tlv an.l
.•ven,- stratified. Tl.,v insist of fine .e,liment sueh as would lele f"
<iu,et water only and tl^y occur in a valley of su.-h n.od..rate width between
mountains of such height that no simple ..ondition of alluvial neeumnlatll
seems appropriate It is possible that the lake was at tim.-s .hallow ike
a flooded river. It is probable .t'.at it wa- son... titu,. reduced to the pro-
portions of a river. It is certain that .luring eo-.siderable iufrvals some
area, wre marshes; but, a.hnitting th t a lake n>ay pass through various
phases of depth and extent, the term 'ake beds best describes these .l.'p!!-
attiti* '?"%^7"''''^>- ''"'".'>'« 'lip i' 1^° t" the eastwanl. Farther north th,.
<l.p. 40-4.3 east, lue formation has ,.• id.Mitly b.^eu -listurbed hv a strong
v".tr'Lr'\K "i"-' "^ 't'* P"*'*="'" f^""^ °f mountain-huihiing eanno'
K K-,^ with ..ertainty. It is pre-Olacial an.l po^t-Larauue. With some
.robabihty ,t may be referred to a mid-Tertiary stag.^ during whi...,. aeeordin.'
t.. Will.s and Peah-. crustal defonuatiou took plac i„ Montana
It wo.dd be a matter „f ...uisi.leraUle interest to know th.. nature of th,.
., rrane underlying the lake beds. The fact that the .Iriil at the K n In r^ek
.u_pro8pect struck continuous limestone at the depth of 1,290 feet uggests
-ther that the lake beds lie din.tly on the Carboniferous 'or pre^aXat
..- else tha only a very small thickness of Mesozoic strata (prlmabrCr":
elalh th^l^r^f tt"",'; ^'^tI"''" "^^ '""' *^*' P-M--ie form'attn.
,m , .K^ \" '"•''• ^^'' P"'"* ^''l ''« '•"n^i'ler.'.l again in connec-
Pa allel '"'"""■ ' "^ *'"" ^""^^ ^f"'-f«-« «♦ the Fortv-n"nth
I'OST-MIOCENK FOKMATIONS OF THE GKF.AT PLAINS
For the sake of completeness Willis' brief statement of the occurrence
.;in<l nature of the youngest g<.ologieal formations found on the plains in the
•)Tf m'T?-'^ «f the Bounda.7 belt, may be given in summary. On pages
.! S to .!,to of his paper he gives some details eon,.erning a Pliocene or earl v
I h.istoeene gravel fan to which the na.ue ' Kennedy grav.ls " bus b.v„ giv..u'.
• B. Willie, Bull. Geol. See. America, Vol. IS, 1902,
p. 327
iti.fDin Of Till: i !iii:r i. s //.-(< \ <. 1/ //.•
80
IM'-ixtiK'tic.
Vallfy nli'<:i''i 'ln't.
Ki-uiif'iy liigli 1'
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
For the pi.rpo-r <.f tl.i. r.'p-rt. l...w.-v.r. it will 1..- .•x,,e.li.ut to r..lmr tW Miin-
mary of his findiiit-'. t- tli.- ta\.l- -f lorniations Riven „n im^o 315.
, 1 ("liiir»it.Tiif<l !■>• I">iil<lir« of granitic, tf'wi'"'''!- and Dtlier
KttKttiii Cdiitiiiiiitiil I I^jiircntidp riK.k« : fiprtiiwuiuiraiiif ncnws Saint Miiry ami
<lrift. I IWIly ^»ll<■v»an'l Ix-yxnd. , , ,
1 l)i»tinKiii»li>d iiv alwenue uf I,aiinnti(lf r<«k- : loniixiwl "I
.' AlKiinkian »«lini>>nt:iiy and inneoiw riK-k.. in hi'terc-^eneiiup
I tt««K iatiiin iw till and «traliliiil drift.
1 TyiK' Ideality a k™^*' nitw, flfvatiun .'i,!*"! I'-it, .) niilci-
.■aatofC'ln.-f niduniiiin, r.irtli "f K.nn.-,ly ciwk, and 90«J
fM-talxivi' it ; cliaraiitfiizMi l>y w»t»T wnrn nintfrialof Icical
nriKin, .Mnonkiiui nick» up Hi tw()f»*t inilianicttr ; averaKf
Loanw utiitf under om- foot, nimli of it •-' t" li incheii ; dint^
inKiiiihKl liy alwence of Rlacial Ktriae, liy strut iticatii.n. and
I 1>V altitr.df ilium' |in«eiit i-trfiini ilianmU.
Tlie rea.ler i- referred t.. the fulU'r a.-.'oinit of the Keniietly p-avels, which
the presetit writer has not siK_-cially studied exrcpt on the line of a single tra-
verse Tlw view of Salisbury, quote.! by Willis, that the lush-level quartzite
travel* on the plains east of the mountains are Wlieved to be deposits made
by streams at the close of the first epoch of baselcveliiiK recorded in the pre-
sent topoffrai)hv.' seems to be s.'arrely supported by the evidence of the pravcls
themselves, unless it is meant that uplift occurred at the close of the epoch
U is highly in.i.robable that wid.-spread .■lastic material ot su.'li .•onrsen. - eoul.l
b,. formed" during the elosinp stisr.^ of an ,>rosion-<.yrl.'.
STRUCTURE.
FOLDS .SM> K.M'I.TS.
On referring to map sheet No. 1. and es|.ecially to the general sec-
tion it will be seen that the Clarke range forms a great synchne which
i, kccidented with a few faults and secondary warps. The eastern
limb of the master fol.l shows the entire succession of rocks from the
Waterton dolomite to the Kintia argillite. Every member of the I^wis series
is thus exposed, in its regular order, in the huge monocline stretching from the
(Ibow of Oil creek (Cameron Falls brook) to the summit lake at the head of
the creek The dip slowlv flattens from an angle of :5u° in the Altyn formation
to approximate horizontality at the water-.livi.le of the range. The western
limb of the svncline displays the .omplete series from the Kintbi formation
down nearly to the base of the Apivkunny formation. The dips in the lower
members tliere avenige about 20= to the northeast; those of the higher ">;n.b..rs.
between upper Kintia lake and the Croat Divide range from .. to ., with
variable strike. ^i i i a i
At both sides of the master svncline the strata are rather sharply flext^l
down. There results, on the east, the narrow Cameron Falls (Oil creek) anti-
cline, which plunges toward the northwest at a low angle. On the western
fide the down-warped strata ;ire very poorly oxp<.se.l but ,t i- probubb thnt tl,,.
• B. Willis, Bull. Oeol. Soc, Ameiira, Vol. IS, Iflft!.
wmmam
oo
hi'.PM{r\ti:\r or 77/ a; /\ />./.■/
1)11
> , , , 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
itirtiir^f r;;:„r„;i;;,.::';';::;;'""- ^" ^•^^^"" -"'^ * ' •■
with tl.ose of WiliH. wL .It , t r " "'"''^ '-l.-.Tv,„i„„. ,„,r..,.
-ul downthrow on' hv.Fr ;;:;';; '. '"•■•'-"/-■' "•• .--..t ,li-,.Ia....,„,.,u.
ti.is normal U..U is i:f:;^i , : .u 1 XT:' vt^'r- ""■ '^-'""" -^
inc iixis of tlu. Akiiiniiia creok vill, v ; I , i '
""' iixiul trend pnr;illrl to thoso of .1,' • ' ,' "" " "■" ^>'"-'i'"'. "'ith
"orti>. Tho movo„„.„t ^^■^. , fd h. ^ ^'"V""'.v. with ,lownthr„w o,. ,|„.
channel of whi.h tl,. ".!..„',.' i'"";;;''" ' 7"'""',' '" '"'•""■ "'" -'-•""
-con.l. nei.hbou..in. f^u^lt Zs b ! ih' t t r'rGHn:'; 'H' 'I"^ "'^"'^- '^
•act wtli fho lower l,..,I.s of ,1,0 \,„k.|-, , „v in I V '"i'^' ''°^'"" '"•» '•""-
'•a-t of ,he fault. -MMkUum„>. u„l„.a„„f, ,, „„„|.,,,,„, „„,,^^. ,„_ ,|^^,
GUKAT LKIVIS 0\ KBTIIRl .ST.
u.rurv'":i.,:"';i:n:Le;n ''',:;«'' o'tr*' °^ "-^ ,™- ^^ ^ --
the Jit. Wilson (Lc-wis ranLel h I. . , """" '■""■'""^' «"'''«"'«' ^^ith
.astwar,loverti:^^!:: .Jr^rn. ij"!*";^^ -^"^ -^'^-^ - north-
"f this thrust are .,mte ^ m W ? ' .'"f ; '"^ ""*'""'' ""*' ''''''^f'""^
Kiver ,,ass and )e lak " O t l'"^' -f"'''''^' "^-^ M.Connell at the How
those worluHl out bvVil, at a?i.fl"'%""'^^^ *P !*■« north-northwest, and to
proof that the thn.t I! eeM 1 ""Sr^!::;^ ft"''"" '" ''?'""''•+ '^'^«
westerly nm^o tiie natural rook e.no ur s ' p" r'"'^? , ^" ''"' ""^■'•^
themselves sufficient to show the f 'ot TI „ . ^'•""■dar.v belt are not . '
the eastern part of ,!„ ( Tu-k r- ! ," , 1 , " ^"■: ''^^'"^^•'>'' that at leas,
strata is foun.l iu the Ic tl.: To k" '^ ".*"""" "''''''"^'"^ ''>,• plain.
Coal Co„.„a„,v at dine ^, Fal otihe we^'t^'s'T^ 'xv ''" '''^^^^'" ^il and
point the drill p<.netrat<.,l 1 %no f e^t f r f \\ aterton lake. At that
<pa... ..,.,. for,u the!!:,!, ;; rVox e,fsio^;;r;i''t'"^ "■.'"'-•''• '^^ ="-•'■ -t<"l
the drill Hiddenlv entered soft .ill '"l • 1 ^:'^^"'^ ■''^^'■'^^- At that depth
IO.I ^oft shale wh.ch eontmued for another 400 feet.
* "■ Willi,, liiill (;,,,,! v.^^^,, .
WilltsI'l^iK^lSSiX; '^]^-^'^Qi^^'^'!p^i^^ for^m. Part D „ 3. ■ B
Amenca. Vol. 17. 1906. pSs.'" '' "' "^- P' ^^' ■ »• »■ Dowlin^. B,,1I Geol SoJ^.'
-mmrnsm .
■■•ri>^ik4fe'«.Si-te,'W
I'r Mf. i:t
Hi'ad (if Lower Kiiitl:i Liiki. Clitf CDiiiixisnl of ApiK'kiinny ami nvcrlviiiK (Jrimull fmniii
tp.ii-. T!..- -Tii;,!l cU U.-4 ]■„!,■!, aor"^-^ <h- I ,k-. ••ii tfw -xfr-i,,- !.-f>, i- th- -it.- -.f
lietrolrtiiii prosiM-ct with slinwinj^s of oil ami with steady Mow of mitural gas.
2Ja— vol. ii— p. 'M.
aak
u
;: t
o'* ■■■ r u ;■ 1 1 ', » -I ■,
^7?Os2**^
:iS¥»ri;. .■*im?w^TSM%F::^:.iiV:^s^
RKVnKT Uf TUK CIIIKF ASTRoyoMUR
91
SESSIONAL PAPER Nj. 25*
wlien tin- work wuh ^topix'd, aii.i t'l.- lor.-liol.'. fnr tlu- fiiiii- iit U-a*t. iibandnncil.
These sliuks hiiv.' l»<"n examiii.,1 l.y Mr. T. D.nis of tlu- Cn.m.linn U.imrtmi-nt
of Minos, iin.l l.y tho writer; lli.« inntfriai provi-d to liav the h.il)it of t.vpical
Crctao.0118. i.rohiibly ncnton. s,-.li.n. nU. Tlicir .•.,ln,ir. -oltm^-, and carl.nMii-
ofMus <•hiirfl.-t.-r nre quit,. ditTereiit from thn*<. chnrartrri/iiin any phas-' nf \]w
l..wii ». rio; on the other liaiul ihi- ihul.-i aro ^.-nsildy idt ntii-al witli fi.*-i i-
f-ro.ts Crrtac-ous 'ocds oC'iirrinff hclow tho thrust-plaim at Chi^f moimtam.
How ttiifli farther west tlio thrust has i-aiis^-l the superiM.s'.tion of tiie
Belt terraiK. on the ( 'retaevous .■an only he conj-vturr,!. It is not i.up..«^ibl.>
that the .•ntire Clarke raii(re in this r.tfi.m r.'pr.'sents a cip.ntie hlo.'k Ioos.mI
froui its nn.i.nt foundations, like the Mt. Wilson or (l.i.f nu.untaii. tnass.fs
and hodllv foretd over the (^r.'ta.-eous or Carboniferous fonuntmus. In that
ease the thrust w..uld have .Iriven the b!...'k nt least forty inil.s aeros, .•ouiitry.
Sueh a speculation is of s.imc intrr.st in ffivin^' one explanation of tb.- enmna-
tina of ^-as an.l p<'trnleiim in the Flathea.l valley and in the heart of lb.. H.'ll-
(•an.brinn rocks at lower Kintla lake. (Plate 13.) These hydrocarbons wouM
thus be considered as oriKinatinfr in the CarlKinif.T.ms h.nenone .,r in the
Creta.eous se.liments nn.lerlyiuK the thnist-plane. Since the rarbonifero.H
limestone is hiyhly bituminous, that formation woul.I naturally ..tier an oriRinal
source for the oil and Ras.
On the other hand, a s.-cnd hyi.nth.^is may be fratne.l. wlu-r.'by tb._. s.cp-
ages in the Flathead valley are thouRht to oriffinato in the Carboniferous
limestone which was fanlted down .lurintr the fomiation of the Tertiary fault-
trough, while the seepnKcs at Kintla lake are int.rpnte.l as emanations from
Carboniferous limeBtene locally und.rthrust on the west si.le of the main
synoline of the Clarke ranpe. On this yi.'W the Waterton lake thrust tie..*) not
extend much farther west than the lake its.'lf.
Or thirdly, one might conceive that the hydrocarbons oripinat.'d directly
in the Beltian rocks themselves (see pane .V?). so that the exisfnee of th.. seepages
would have no direct bearing on, or afford no proof of, any large-scale tbnist-
plane beneath thfe western slope of the ranpe. There ,s as yet no de-is.ve
evidence forcing a choice among these three hypotheses The known extent of
the bodily movement represented in the Watx^rton lake thrust ,s at a muutnum.
about eight miles, as measured on the perpendieular to the l.ne tangent to
Chief mountain and the outpos' mountains of the Clarke ranfre. The mme-
ment has probablv been ten miles or more and may be as much as forty miles.
The thrust proved at Waterton lake is doubtless a n.^rthem _eo,n.nuation
tions. the relation of the Lewis and Livingston [Clarkel ranges, en echelon at
the 49th parallel, is an effct of -tep-like though -vry ^ntle flexure in the
ea
I'liwursitM ,.r nil: i\ii i.-n „■
i|!
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
iu:'r:::^!:vitirr t:'Z:"' '" •"-' ' •"' ' -'■ • --
Mr«u on Thief ,n i„ L L., , "'""" "7' '^« ■" <1 «- of tl.e Alt.v,.
;;n... ... .,^.„.,i„ „f ...in. .. .„„ ,:-,;•, :^: •'•:; ---^ *..
-""wment. A summary „ft i'. ",'"'"'«'"'.•" •»" '"'^t,n.t .Mrio.!, „f ,„„pp„i,.
"'•r l..,er than e.rlv T, ,ia v If ' ',"," ^""'""^ "*''" ^"'"'"'" "'-•
Laramie d.,,o.itl: It 'a o .llhl'T'V'"/ '^'"r """ "" ''"""*■'
thesis. Fl.xure in it. .llv ''''"""^'"" '^^ ""» ""portant to the prese.H
«'tn.H«. „8 the nearly flat L If'' "T T "^'"^ '""''^'"'^ ^-'""-'•V *''-'
i^ probable that fJJtUoTd iU"'\:":; 7r''"^'^ -"'•^^"t- "
and was suecvd.-.I l,v ..,.,.,J TV l-ar»nne .e„ was shallow
of . .JJToI^T'tZ : '""'''^"'\ """ '■o.npn.sMv,. stress was one
BInekfoo, ,u.„eplai T he a . ] '.'Tf 1' °^ ?'''-— --'- to ,he
graphic eyeie Ln., !:\,;r:LS i^iT ;:?''^h u^r'-'ihr 1^;^ t:
-•.vol, eaiinot be iiecuratelv d.iteH 1>, -i '^ "laekfoot
,>o.t.Laramie and p Xbly e rt tha":' 'Z! """ '"" "'-'''"'''■ '' ""^
in. Montana^ve rise to Jn:^':^, It bl^ nrX;;;r;r:: .^ji"";
.\lioeeiie vertebrates, the moveinrnf .. „. i i , • . , ""viiir yielded
it was preceded ^^y i: Z^:\:Z ^ t^Z::^^''- ''''\
observations of „n extensive ,.„e„,ain ove:" hetZ-tl'-^f'^r ZS
• B. Willi,. i,a„. u«,l. Soc. America. Vol. 19, ,902. p. 333.
W;
SWi.^*
m^mi^:^^mi
3^
i!ir<ii.'i'>iiiii I nil I \~i!i>\i,\iti!
08
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2S«
of wcti rn M.ititana iiml Mnli... ..l.-ir\Mti..ti-> whi.-li t.iv.' u > .lonlit in tin'
writer'.^ min<l of tUo cxistenco of such u iH'iioplaiii, but whii-h Jo not -iiifTi'.-
po-.iti\fly to i.l.ntily it iih iIk- Uliu-kt.M.t pliiiii. On the iirolmliility of iIkH
i.li'i.titioiition flu- Mliwkfont .ylo mav I..- iilai»<l in rurly Trrtiiiry tiiinv
•At till- ilosH of tlw Ulnckf.M.t oy.'lf th.' fo[N)Kni|ilii'- fi'iitun-i ..f lli.
region under ilim'ii->i"n w< f tli<' |Hiic-pit»in "ii CrotiiiTmi- -oik* iiti<l low
hilly, piist iniitiirc rclirf on Aljfiikian ro.k-^, mn'li ■.\' i-" M"W |ir, ^oiihij l.v
the Biimmit hilU of eiistern Flattop
' AriionK tlio i-flfi-ct't oi folilintf ami ero-ioii. nt tlic dose of llio Hla>'k-
foot cyil.> \v<i« tho I'xpoanrr "f tlif i iIkm of sninr Aliionkian -Irata a^ out-
crop?*; brintf Kcntly ini'liiie<l wi'-»twaril, tln'so ticiU had probably wiilo cxtoiif
iindi'rKrnurid. 'riicy wtro relatively -tiff and lny with Mnr edire fric. T'nd'T
th<'se eonditioiM, •iiipposinif that a emnpre^sive stre'x airain became efTe< ■
live, a part at ba-t of the Aldonkian bciU witc so pi 'ed that tliev met biif
~li«ht rcsi^tanee in thi-ir teiideney to yield by moving f.^rward. So far a<
tlipy Were iinopiiosi il, kt not -iurticipiitly op|io«ed to el k and f'lld tlii-m.
they did ride forward. That part wh.eh wa-i 'Im-i "v.rtlini-*t -oparated
fmin tbnt whi'di wa» not in m iieral mIoiik bcldiiiur pinner n. ar tli<- ba-e of a
portienlarly riyid stratum. <nrh as the .Mtyn limestone. The Siyoh lime-
stone, the Carbon if erou.^ limestone, or other ^liff formation may el-it»
wliere be found to have determined tho thrust surface within the old i k^."*
Willis then concludes this postulateil history by imtinjf the t'lHilottii'al date
de<lueed fur the Lewis thrust and dire<'tly associated movements. lie also
briefly states the alternative view that tbc foldiiiu' and ibnistinir were produet-
<■! a sinirle period of deformation. Ife wriU-i :
'On tbi' hypothesis of a sinfrlc epismle of conipressioii. from which
reaidtf'd all the phenomena of foldiiiK and thrustinir i" Cretaeeoiis and
Aluoiikiiin rooks in the district, the I.ewi- thrust and the associated struc-
ture; niu»t bo assij.fned to a date cloudy follnwiiiir the f-aramie dcixmifion.
The growth of the Front raii«i>s an I t'le development of the Rlackfoot
plain niu-t be placed later, and the expres-ion of the Levis thrust must be
consiilered -Mb.irdiuati' at the -iirface to (lies,, later efTeets of orogeny
and cru-iiiii.
'On the nth' r band, on tbc liypotln-is nf two cpiso(b s of ii.iiiprc«sion.
Separated by the Bbickfoot cyidc, the fA-wis thru-t must result from the
second episode, and falls probably in niid-Tcrtiary. Its orosrenic efTccfs
ure then domiiiaiit in the F'ront ranp s. and the physi(.);rap)iic history is
to be read in term.s of stnnture as well as of erosion.
'It is eonelui""d that the date .f the fxnvis thi, .f may be placed in
either late Cretaceous or mid-Tertiaiy time, and the jvrincipal criteria for
determining wlii'll date is correct ;ire to be fooml in tb.' relations .-.f struc-
ture to ph.v8iography.'+
• B. Willis. Jiiill
t Il)id, p. .■»•■).
' i**o\.
Anvvuj. Vel. Ui. VMi2. p. :«'.».
m* ^jla
J K " ,
li
'i
»• i>n:4krut:\r itt- rut isTttiioit
2 QEORQE v., A, t»l2
to \2!'."T '"":'"■'' '" ''"?.r ""■ '* •■'""'" ''yi-'i'-^i' w.in^ * ar..f,.i
P r,.H ltr"'Nf "/■•"' ' '"" ^"'""'"''' (r«n-Mi.ei«iippi.„) ,t,U the whole
-r. J. I. the pn*<.nt vvritor tho vi-w that th.- po.t-rr.-tn.voM. ,...,v,.m,.nt^ all
■ Ke.l .o a »n,frh- .,.,^.„i.. .,,;«,„|. i... the n«.rit n ,i,„,,i..u, „.,,Tll „ !
Tl>i8 partial evi.ien... iH iMu8trnt,.,l in th,- nnnrturv Ho<.tion of Fiinire ^!
a .1 ,nn,. .hoet No. K ], will 1... ol... r^o.i that n h.av.v we,l^ of Hivo . 1-
1 ,7 rurl^r ir-^^ --t'V'^ «'""»>• « nrarly horizontal thn.sfplan,, wli h
ovorly,n>r Ap,.,k :,nny ho-JH. crumpluiff. mashing. an,| fofinp th.-.n asi.k- lik.
.. .•normo,. plowshare. An in„..tion of tho wholo H-o.ion ..n., t, warr ,
the .•oncluamn that thn thr.igt whirh for-o-l th,. y,.„MR,.r Sivoh lirnrstonointo
he ^iovoopment of U,e rnmoron Falls antiHino i„ it. prcont .tn,..t„ral fern,
«. tunlly ow,.r levol. A mnro rea«onahi. view is that th- Alty,.-App,.k„n.,v
hed. on the ..astorn ,i,le r,f tho prosont fo!.. .ore formorlv fa'-MfVi^r "
IZ h\lV:J::i' *''' thr,,,t of tl. tin fl„t-,yin. Siyoh linK^toL ^n 1 '
*est. After the wp,lpe was intruded and hy tho oonfi.umnoo of U>e .an.o .on,-
stnipture On the probahl.- 9i.p,H>.,ti,m that thi. thnmt and tho I>^i, thn.n
wero oontemporaneous. it folhnvB thar th. lat.or wa. also cmt.nJran'
With an early «ta^e in tho n.ain folding of ,ho (larko ran^.. '"»"-''"'—
rnount'un L,m°.K '" ''"■ ^r'^'^ '"T '' "^" " '" '^'^ ""lfor.-Maodonald
nm,nt.un ^oi,p tho poosynchnal rook. „n.,orwon. a poworfnl .ompro..-,-.,,,
ho oro thoy wero fol,lo.l at all. At thos,. l„oalitio. ,ho dip of tho ho.llU i
hara.^or.- ,cally ,«rpon,lio„lar ,o the r..ddir,g-p!ano. It soon,- n,o.t .rob h'
n, , tZ7' "T *'" ^^"'''"* "^ " oon,pr..-ivo foroo whioh was directo 1
■don,, the bodd.np-,.hn,e. and had ,loveloped tho oleav.^. before .ig ifioa
"Ptnnunp oeo„rrod. This ph„.o of tan«on,ial oonioro^^,,, „,„v ho .f
wh,, , tbe prroat Ri.veh wod.e wa. thn,-, into „,o App..k„n„y n4nr. lit ^n
. V -h tho rnuoh creator r.^w,s thn.t wa. forn.od. Mo.t of tho folding. n,:,v
. ';.;<>.. prodMO,.d as a .l,<rhtly Inter oxpros-ion of tho snmo bnt son., what
rnvlpi or "" '"^ "'■"'•"' ''""'' "'"' '"-'^ '"■'""« <" '>-
A*-**
€mmMmk^^ -i^vA^^,
nnniir nt nil I iiir.f Asiiii'Mivi 1/
05
StSSIONAL PAPtH No. 25*
Ni'ithcr of tho two liiitotheseji .an iis .vet bi' provinl. It rt<nitiui« for fiitur*
»tU<Unt« of tin" Fp)i!l raiiKi- to lii! 1 Ihv Unv col itioii i' itw i|>. ii;iiiii. Miih
The qiiv^tioii i* irn|Mirtiitit miut it dcM't'ly aflvcU our iiti.icri-tnniliiilf of tlm lator
ffeoloRical hi-tiry of ttip I'lirkr. b w i . iiml -i-i' ru! j.l.i.i' I'lit riiiir- - •■( i'w
K<.,k\ MmiiitBin i>»ti'iil.
2 GEO='GE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No- 25a
A. 1 9 12
CHAPTER V.
STKATl<.l{\l'in' AM" sri;r( I liJF. Ol lili; MArDOXAI.I* ANI<
c.Ai.rox i{A\<ii;s.
(i.M.'idN si:i;ii;s.
FiMiii ill,. I'hitliiud 1-iMi- !•■ llu' K...,|iii,n riviT ;il (lali-WM.v tlic iii(iinil:ii!i-
are |iriiH'i|.iillv i-.>nii>i'>.''l ..I' tlir llall"ii -rrii-, tli-- Wi'sUvnril onI.'ii-;.)ii uf tli,'
same ^tiiiiitiocl scries tliat lonii the peak and mast^ifs of the Clnrko nnil I^wis
raiiL'o-. Tu-'i 111' tlie foriii;iiiiiii^ ii< ••ril'ij a- ioiislif\itiii.tr tln' I.cwi- -rrii- ■
tlu- AIi.Mi aial Si.voh — arc vi i-v cli'arly rcprc-cMln! ni (lie west -i'lc o( the Fhit-
lioa'l aii'l. in tlic fuilowini;- ai-innnt uf t!ic (!alt"ii *('rlc=, will 1m ar llic orifrinal
name- liiv. II liy Willi-. Tlic niln i- -tratilicil iin-inlicr- uf the (laltcii >cric- arc
rclatc'l (■■ I'l.c ccrrcsiionilin^: iiiciiil" rs uf the l.cui- -cries hut arc -taiiiiic<l with
(iistiiietl.v iii'liviiliial i-haiacler-. aid merit -pceial naiiics which will he cmplcy-
ed ill oriler to elii|)lia<i/e the ceiilra-l-- lictwein the twe -erie-. 'I'll tiiiimar
sec'tieii f"r llie -traia aeiimlly \i-il.li. in the (lalt.in raiitre ha- hccii -npple
liieiiteil jt its hase hy tie ailililieii of fermiitional unit- whii'li c-iup cut enl\
in the Mac|)ciiialil ran(;c.
The two Kio\ip3 cf -trala are s.. -Imilar litlicil.iL'ically that, the (lcscrii>tien
of the (ialtoli ^orio- M-arccly mciU ^rrt at iletail. Many feature-^ arc -imply
repetitions of those alreaily ilcserihcil fur the l.e«i- -i ii<-.
The fialtiin -crii s inelmlcs the I'.irmatiMii- ii.it..| in the roll..winLr t;il.I,.
h iirtnulvt^i. 'i liickvvas in jvcl. hiniiittiint rocks.
Top, prosion surf.ii c.
Koosville fiOOt- MetargiUite.
I'hillips 550 MetargiUite.
(iate«av 2,0'-'5 \Iit.ii gillile and ipiaitzitc
I'uroeU'Lova :tl« .Mter.il l)a-alt.
Siyeh ♦,(KM( Mnt;iio-ian limestone and ni(targillite.
Wigwam.. l.L'flft .'Jand.-lone and nietargilli'.i'.
MacUonald 2.:iM MetargiUite.
Heftv '~'> Sandstiuio and (|Uart/.ite.
.\ltyn tiJO i .Silciiiiis dill. .mite.
12,160
Base concealed.
At the -niiiiiiit cif the Nfel lillivray raiiiiv heavy hlm-U- of M i-i--ippiaii
limestcne have l)ecn fanltcil into cenlael with the ehlia' niemher- >>< ih.' (lalteii
serii"i. Xeither top nor hottom ef the linie-t.aic i- exposed in the Boimdarv
lK?lt. It i- ccrtaiidy yomii.cr than the iij.per:ne-t hr.l ..f the (lalton scric-. hut
it is not knewn whethci the rdalien wa- that et' .irisinal conformity. The
niaximuin thickiic-s ..f the expe-ed limc-lem. -ci-iii- le he alniut -.'.^tiO feet.
S.'.a— vol. ii— 7
^. W
98
hi:i'M;i ]ii:\T ni iiir i\iei;i<ii;
2 GFORGE V , A. 1912
On tho ,11-1, Th ,.L,' ,.\ 'I'mIm,,-,, I'hjiii- ;i -ni:ill. r l.in.l; ,,f I l,v. .in,ii. liuii-
stono mill dolomitii' ijuartzitc, estimated to show a thickness of 1,600 feet, has
hcpii fiiult,(l ilown iiitn i-..iitii,t wjili tlii> ("".ateway fiTniatii.ii. It-! rolatinn to
till" Gnltun series ooiil,] ii,,t \<c ,!':,o|ly oli-ei-vrd. A* .Isi^wluro in tlii> part of
the Cordillera the )im<»tniK- di.iilitlo'-t passed ^rrailiinlly npwariU into the
Mississii'pian lline-tnne l.iit no Mck of that aire \vn* di'tf-rmin-'d "ii tin- wc*t
side of the ransre.
Ai.TYN Formation-.
Tiie oldest formati.ai e.\po>i'.| in the ^rac-Ponald iaii^;r uh. n- ,T,isse,l by
the Boundary 1 elt consists of strata essiiitinlly siniihir in strntitiraplii,^ roLntions
and in enminisition to the npprTnio<t membiT of the Altyn formation of the
Lewis sfrics. 1"he idrntity is so ci.mpleto that the sanu- name may well he
used for thcso rooks uf tiio ^radlonald rang<\ Tlionph not expo-cd in the
Onlt'in rnnpe at tlie Boundary, the oqnlvnlpnts of the samr =trata nnqno-tion-
ably underlie the surface mck^ of tliat rani-'o as well.
West of tlie Flathead the Altyn crops out at only two looalitio-; within
the Boundary belt. On the ridjie overlooking the Flathea,! from the west and
culminating in Jft. Hefty, the trianpulation peak, this formation forms part
of a block faulted into contact with Carboniferous limestone. .Tust south of
the Boundary monument on the ridgi'. a thickness of i^i.")*! feet was measured
for the Altyn but the base was not seen, the lower lieds hnvinp- been faulted
away, out of sifjht. The ■^ei'ond locality is that at a box-canyon six miles due
west of the Hefty ridge; '.here, only 120 feet of the uppermost beds are exposed.
The Altyn formation in the MafT>' nald ranffe consists of a succession of
fairly homogeneous but ver.v thin-bedded, silicious dolomites. The rock is
always compact and relatively hard, yet very fissile on ai'comit of the thin
beddinjr. The layers vary from 1 cm. to ID cm. in thickn;>ss. When fresh it
is slifrbtl.v pray or prcenish gray: it weatliers buff and bripht brownish yellow.
Quite subordinate are more massive beds (three to five feet thick "i of pray,
calcareous quartzite. Towards the top, thin intercalations of red calcareous
sandstone and arpillit*' indicate tran>ition to the Hefty formation above. Cer-
tain of the mapniesian limestone beds are somewhat arpillaceous and then
commonly boar sun-cracks.
Microscopic ami chemical analysis of th," dominant rock, the silicious
dolomite, shows that it is similar to the principal phase of the njiiKT -Mtyn in
the Lewis and Clarke ranpes. The main mass of the rock is a very compact
carbonate, ocurrinp in prains from 0.00.5 mm. to 003 mm. Anpnlar particles
of quartz, averaping 002 mm. in diameter, are nccess<iry constituents which,
in certain layers, may become quite abun,!ant. Tiiis quartz was probabl.v in
part of clastic origin ' ut some of it may have been due to the re./rystallization
of colloidal silica. \Vnen the carbonate is in contact with quartz, the former
often shows clean-cut, rhombohedral outlines.
■ISSKJl*-'-
«^1K^
■!¥^^i:»j^^xiZA
RKP'iirr ')/■ //// I )int .\si i!''Mi\iHf 9©
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
ilinuto angular particles of urthuclase or niicrocliiit ami ol' n'croiiorthite
i.ru other, pribaMv oriyiii:il, r-la-tii- iii.'c<--"rii-. A f'U -.iimI! -hr. iMy Toils of
.-t-rioitio mica are rare imtaiiii'ipliii' <-r]ii>titiiiiit-.
The high specific jtravify of the ilHiiiiiiaiit p'l.i-. 'J Tlii -' ■■I'D iii^iitHii-
iitely sufigests that it is liiuhlv wiau'iic-ian. An aiuily-i- of a ty;«' -|ic.-iiiien
'Xn. ll'TO) fr.^iii the h"X-iaiiy.iii :il.(pve im nti.n.-l ],.■•• 1<-. i, i;;a''i. Ky I'r.'te--..:-
l»iltrich: -
A li'lh/.^l'i 'i! lljipir M'liii ///(/•.. ,-. li' l'f:n>'\
Mol.
SiO, 2G07 .»3o
.Mil .i-K -ftiS
]■',(> 20h -013
I'l'l) 2.68 .0:i7
M),'(» 12-99 -32,1
'■.lO 19-58 -:U9
Na.O MM Ui:
K 1-40 -015
HjO at 110 (■ M
II 11 mIh.m- nil I i-r)2 -OM
ro, .Hi u Mi^
100-46
Sp. gi- 2-81«
Insoluble in hydrochloric iw id 30 SO'o
Soluble in hydrochloric acid:
Fe.O, t-2.-i
Ai;03 8.17
Ca(» 19-38
.Mk(I 12-69
III this case, tiio relative ipiatititii - ••{ th.- ilifferi nt coiiiiM,iieiit- may he
rcighly caleiilatcil. The i)roiiorti'in^ are ai'ju-Mximafely ;is follow-: —
Calcium carbonntc H-6
Magnesium carbonate 26-7
Free silica 15-0
Albite molecule 90 '
Sciuit* and potash feldspar, about 9.7
Remainder (pyrite, limonite, etc.) about • 5-0
100-0
It is, however, pos-il)le thai the iiiiea hears some of the soila and that
paragonite itself may be present. If so. the foregoing cah-iilation would be
manifestly iiieorrici. In any ease the carlionates compose ratiicr more than
t'>0 per cent of the rock. The ratio CaO : .Mg() is l-.'i27:l and thus not far from
the theoretical ratio in pure dolomite. In all essential res^K-, ts this sediment
i- like that of the tyiH- of I'PK'r Altyii in the (larke range except in the higher
proportion of quartz and silicate niati rial in the CJalton series type. In each
■ ase the rock is a silicic. ns dolomite.
Hefty Formation.
In the MacDonald range the Altyn formation is conformably overlain by
a group of strata whicli are expo-ed at the same two localities where the Altyn
L'.")a — vol. ii — "5
i fi
if
t 7-
HI
W
m
w
v^
100
III r ii;i \ii\ I III I iir i\ 1 1 mm.-
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Wii- '•:■■) ifi til, I'.i) :iM,|,trv li.h, l-'roi'i li irr.h'. :ii \|..;iiii llcl'lv. liii-
IISsi'MlI. I. ,;.'.■ .i|' l>(.i|, luis l"i!i Il.illl.'l till' ll.ll.x l'..|-tll;ili..li. T!ir hill thlcklir--.
estiiiiatf.l :it ::.'> I'. (-1, «M- iii.M,iir.-.l :ii 1m, di l...Mliii. -. Ii, |„,tli ,;,-,.;! tj,,.
cxixiMin- ;in- -M.i.l. O'; tiir \\]\..],- tli,' r..riii:iii-i, i- |...iii.,i;. n. • u- ;.ii.|, a^ willi
thf iis-,ii';.il''i| Altvii. n-rliil -nl"li\ i-ii.ii diij i|.,i -,,.ni |.,.--il,l, ii tltr li. M.
Tlir -t.ipl.- rM,-U ..|' til., toniiali-ii i- a JH.i.liy l...!.!.-!. n ,i .., nMi-li f;r.i.v.
finp-praiih-.l -aihUlnn,.. ,\-i a nil,-, il i- ii..| in. lam. r|. i.,-. .1 1, i!,. ,■. ,ii.lil i..M ■■(
true qiiaii/it,'. |i- ma-- i- intrmi|iii,l hv ihia l.f.|- ,.; ,..-l -hal. . al l.,\ rar.T.
liplil i.'11'i-iii-li i;ra,'. , lp|'i.\vii-\\call;, i-iiii;- (|nail/il. -. ( I,-, ., . a ia,|i\ tln' -aial-|..ii.'
is soiiawliat .'aliMrrMiii. While ih,. ui-oai. ■■{ l.,.i- i- -. •■. rall\ r.-.l. liii- .•nlmr.
being nii\.Mi wiili i;ra,v. i- n^t -.i ^^triLine a- in tii- .;!-■ . T -h. n .i-lyirii;
WiRWani t'oriiiation. Saii-rra.'k- aivl ripp'.' mark- .r. ■■ni ,,' v aiinii- la.rl-
zon>. A fiirtliiT -i-niTal .liarai-liTJ-ti.' .if Ir lir - :.'i.| liaiai- i i .■iiiicii i- tla^
relutn.'ly aluiialaiil .Irvil'.iiinriii ..I' inci nn-Tplii.' -..ra-iri, lai,-,, •, ili,. !•, ,|,lli,u
plane-.
Till' : nilali'M; pa--r.^ ii|i.'aril witli -.laa- al-'' ,pi a, --. ia!., il,,- \I a.'l (..iiaj.)
saniist.iii.'. A- ainaily la.te.l. tliiT<' i- -..na .;.■; ii.: ^ :; a- «'iii t'n iin^li I'ly iiii:
Altyn,
I lalor tllC llliiaosr..pi- tla ileliiinanl -alal-lMii. :. ...a ), 1.. ,-, ,|ii p. .-i .1 ,.(
rouiali'il iiraiii-i irf ipiarl/ and li --; alaiudaiil lV!.|.pa!\ vi'ii; .i iiaiip.ainl i-ina lit
of an/jriilar cpiarP' aial tiM-pav IraLiii. ni-. raili<aia!' pi'-iaillv .1. Imiiii. nr
maglic^ian firr.irnlcil' i. and a -mall am.ainr ..I' lr.,i, ..rr. A- a raN the ipiart/.
is Klas--rlrar auij nneni-lied ; a-iiiiiali\ tlie -vaM:- -li.ai . i,la r-. iii,.|il Kv llie
familiar adlilioli ni ^ili.-a. ,Ty-iallnLTaplii.' i'l\ ,,!■:, i, ■.,!., a Tla- t',ld-|iar- are
atrain niie!-,.|urilii(e. nnereeline. ortla'ehi-. . and iil.ii;ieeia-e i (.rcaaldy andesimi
nnniocl apjiroxiniatoly in tlio order of their r(ilati\e ahundani'o. As a rulo
the spetiiui-i -iliew thp oecurreneo of well-reiinded urain- cf olicrty silioa.
The cla^tie irrain- vary Mem n l ,,i\n. le >>->'■ nnn. ia .liam.i.r. .,\ erii,i;ia«' aheiil
0-2 mm. 'I'he i- ek i- \\v.i< a lypiea! tine-uraia. il fi 1 i-patle ■ -aad-teia-. <,,ni. ■
time- ealeareiai- and aiway- naue er le-- I'ernieiiae;,.
Tile -iiliei-diaate. arLiill.ieeeiis inti rlie 1- ef jhi, |..rhi,,I, a ave u-nally in a
more visildy meiaiiH,rphe-i d eenditien. and reed: il,, up pha-e- ef the
Appoknnny feraiati-n. 'Idie aheritien laL'.iia Lx de. •. i.aia,,'. n.a hy nnain-
tain-bniidii;:.' tlira-t i appreaehe< the deL^-ice ef trae e,,.e,|.. j|| ji, |,;ii |i ,..,,.,,,,■
be said tliat amei|ihea- nialler i- entir, 1,\ rep'.iee.], i.r.nn- .a ei,i-l.eaate (pre.
bahly dea.mitiei are praetieally <'enstai!t aeee— eri,-. a- tlie'. are in the mere
sariiiy plia-e-
Frein it- |m<ili..n and it- petrerraj.hie naiire U: m.i-. e. la-ludi that the
Hefty fa-niatieii i. the cear-er-n-rained (iiaixalea! ..' the 1. \i,r .Vppekaiinv in
the Lwi- -eri' - eiiiecially .,f it< variei;ated l.a-al h.'i'ii tiiihi.' piirtlv in t'li- iiitn'" -I- i.f
rorrclati.ili. I'.irtly im ilu' ;;i-.iiiiii| llmt llir.iuyl t tin' \\!i.ilr l.i»"i \'>\ nl' ilii.'k-
lie.;* till- strati -Imw iifiirly uiiifniiu riiiii|iiii'tMi— < iiml i-'iiirin-li'i- nt' l.iililiiiir uinl
t'uiri.v ("III; tiiiit, iM.liiiir ill liilli lif^li 111. I Mintlii r.'ij |.liii.i-. -o iImi, in ilii. ^i.M,
it is not 1 iisy In ili-liiiMiii-li tin- iml .irL.iliit.- I'ri.iii llic i.fliii iiiu'li'v niviila- ins
limo-itiiiir.
■{'h. M' i- iintliiiiir -|.i'iil!y iii.x.l ill til.. i|. liiil.il i-li:irii.|i r- ..i' ilii. iiiiprr
mill low r Miiiiilii'is liul iril.iiii Iml. wi.rliiy i-mii'lii i..ii- l'..lii.u ir..iii the f.ii'i-s
il<Tivi"l Iriim I'li- iiiirrii-: ii| j.. nnil ilii.inii.al rv niiiinitiim ..f ili. iiiiii.~l iiir in
till' iniililie iiicmlicr. V • l..-|. ^'u.ly lum in en ni.i.l.' ..l' tv|..- -ii-.-iim-n- .■..lliit.-il
oil tlio -plir just wi'-t ■•! tlir iM-'iiili' ..ii l'liilli|i- rr. rk, ii,.ir i;....-\ ill.. \u.-.\
ijlfii-i". In i-iiluiir. rlianiclfr ot' ! ril-liiiL'. nii.l i.tinr niii.|'ii-i...|.ii. .■Imrii.t* r. ili.-ii-
roi'k.- iir" ri-. iitliill.i «iini!;ir t.i tli|. tvi.ir.il Si\ili liin..-t..ni. .1 ilir ( l.irkr .iml
l/iwi- raiij: -. Tli. y sli'.w tli.' iMihir-tn .th -tni.'liir.. in nntal.ii. ].. rlV.-tion.
I I'lill" 1 I. A I, N..| .inly the ciili'i! 11- liii-c- nn.l piliril^ l.ilt :il-i. tlu' Lntf-wi'iitlliT-
iinr iiiiiiini-iiiiii p.irli i-tTiTvt wiiii injil ililiili' m-iil.
'I'iic rali'itii' part'ns- liiivi' iiii<T.i>i'iipii. .Iiaracl. r- iijinl ii-a! willi tlii.M- i.f
tlio partiiiiri< in tin' in.u ,r-li».tli r..rk nt" tlic Clai-Ui. raiii;i.: lai-li i- niailr \ip nf
a:.'>.Ti.tjati-<l Ki'ii'm'"'- "f I'alciiini rariifiiati- avir Inir iiul; nun. in .lianntiT.
Scari'dy a jfiaiii ot' alii.tlirr -I'li-taln-i- i^ \i< \iv -. . n in lln-i' part- nl' tli. tliiii
seftimi-
'I'li.- iiiagin -iaii pait- arc. ..n tin i.tlar han.l, ipiiir liiijliiv .■i.inpi.-ii, . 'riic
pale !/-i.\vnisli. ..t'tpn rli(inil"ihiilritl rry-tal- • l' il.il.iiniti- ..r inamp-ian I'ali-ito
arc flistriliuted through an alniiidaiit matrix of ipiartz, feliUpnr, "orii/itp, chlorite,
nnii a thin i-lniid nf blark iliist-partirlo-. jiarily iiinniiptit.. :in.l jiarlly r'nrl.nii.
The rhi.nil olicilral (.'ruins avprapi' alioiil O-tiJ inni. in ilianirli r : tin nnlnilral
I arbonafe jrraius may lie I'linsiiliTaMy -mallrr. Tin- frrain ..i' tin- matrix i- vrry
liiip. till' (piartz partii'lt'S not -iirpa-.^iiifr tlio iMrli..iiati- L'rain- in au-raL'<' -i/i'.
Till' frlilspais arc t. o <nnill l'..r -prritic ilctcriniiiatinn ainl ari- ri-i-..i;ni/i il as
>urh hy their polarizati' u tii I-. I'lw'cktd l.y tin cln-niical analy-i- i.t' tlir i k.
Sericiti- (\\\o parau'oniri. ;) relatively aliuiidant. Orij-'inal arjrilla iis
materia' innot l.c ilemeii*trii. il in the thin -ieii..n; it- reery-tallizntimi in
the fi.riii ■■!' siricite. ehhiritc. ipiart/. ir.n ..re. and i)i.--ilily fehUpar -eein- to
be nearly pcrl'eet.
A lame, eharaeteri-tie -ii-.-iineii ; N'... I.'.'l ) of the in. .I.t ■ ,,tli mi-k. whieh
was eoUfi-te.l ,iii-t \ve<t of the I'hillip- i-rei k ea-eade near l;....-iville po-t olliee,
was sell cteil •' T I'hetniea! .iiialv-i-. Tlie ilit!l,.nlty ..f -inMriii"- material ..ari^--
I'?
100
/'/ /■!/.•/ ui \i >,i nil i\, I ninii
r
III
2 GEOROr V A, l';>12
inff an a.or.,Bo ,.>„,.,. ,,i„,.f ,(... , .IWh.. 1..,,^.. «■„ „K.,i„ Mt i,,,., i, „^
in 50kv,„K Mu.t ,u.l l„r ,1,.. .MM.K.i. „(• ,!,., Si>,.l, r,„.k of ,1,. r,A-„ « ri...
It w., lo.n.l nmt >,, ,,m.. .,f .,11 -nr. ,|iM, r, „t ,.,..v,l..r. i,.. 1,1 ,„ nnr.-nt
t^e nv,.r,,«.. «„v,. .liiT..,. n, n.u.lvli,.,.! h-uit* |«-„ l„t„l „„„Iv... .t' m„.|,
pow<l..r. , A ,u„l n. «,.,■,., „.,!.. l.v I'n.r r Littri..!,. «1„ .,1-,. .I.t.r, -I ,i,..
port..,,- „t A ., ,,„I,. .,,.1 l.,M„ |„ ,„.i,i. n,,. „,.,,„ „,• s ..,,,1 n. .l„.w„ i„
the f..lloH,m; t.il.I.-. „ ,1 ,,|. ., ,h,, ,„,.r,i.'r> .•l„.nn..nl ,.,„„n,,.li,„„ „r ,)„. ,,„x
mnro iM ;iri,\ tli m .ill,,.!- A ..r I!.
.1 )|. (//,»■. V ..I 1 1 i„
SiO,
AlO,. ....
Fp.O,
F,.0
CaO.. .,
Xa.O. . .,
K,6
ll,0 at 11(1 ('.
JJ.O ab .VH iw-c.
CO,.'.' .'.'.■' .'.' V
.«
p. Kr.
A.
I2t
•w
S7
t :IM
'.'".TH
■W
•S8
■22
1-^7
Jl 31
inil-,18
•I.,./.
I<
38-97
7-i»
I r.'
H.;»,
l«-2S
2-4»*
•2»
311
•08
2111
lOOi.'
,\ .ir, I II
3HW)
.'>-CJ
IKI
l,.IM
II ai
7K
16s
•2.1
2 l»
08
71
^•>,
\I'iI>'< . prnp.
Ill Illl'.tll.
M:i
■Ofti
•111.'
•;!Tii
■"I-'
• i.'f.t
lOO."!
1'.'. i.,n „f '.A- ,„l,,l.lo ,u hj-a. chloric acid" *■ ** "
I-V < I.
.M.K
i»n.
,\IkU
I .ri
-*'»•.> J
•■)75
'1 Hl.l\ i,f
iiii.iriii -Im
l'.ii-tici.!l,v :,11 i|„. ;,,„.. i- -, 1,,!,!,, i„ .„,i,;
the ,..rl,.n.,t... It^, ,,r,.l,al,|.. ,l„t tl». s.,1,,1,1,. „„.:.,.,.., .f „„, ,„,„,. ,,„.,
o«.,„- n, n,..,r!,v flu. sa.„.. pr rtion as i.. A. ..„ that of the fi.:W ,,..r''c..„t of
the mean .•r,.,I,to.I ,o u^^^^^.A^ ahnnt .l^.", ...t ....nt .f 1,| 1,.. r..^,,,,,.,,! a- -.-Mcn-
ablo '., masn...„H,> .■aiLoMato. Arhitrarilv a.,is„i„;. ,|„. so.I,, :,. tl.o albite
moh..,, .. ti,,. p..tash t„ II,.. or. -la.. „.„,.,..„,.. , „„. i„„ ,.,„,,. ,; ,Z^.
the Sn,.h rock of the I...wis siri.s. The r.-ulr. ;;iv,.- ,.„■ ■ '^ • •-'''"'
tnhlo : -
'"alolma farbonnte.. .
MaKiii>,ium rnrlxjnate.
Silica
Orthoclase in..l.TulH. .
.AHiitp i!i,>li»cu!o
M.ijjnptitp
Itfinaiiidpr
nt t
■■• |..li
'wiiitr
1.
2.
•ir-fi
1V3
11 1;
m«
.'•;
u's.ft
MO
7.0
(i.i
I2
L'.l
26
,;.n
:|.9
moo
U)00
''ssvt^i^s&^i/arAxn^ns,
A7^.?:7f.f.y"-'vtjfssv vafi!:
pvpnp
l:l i-<il:i il 1 in III I I- I /.•■>\"ill I-
IG-;
StS^tONAL PAPf.R So. 25a
TlM.--f litf in- •■•'!■ "t, ■■! ■.• r-r, M-|'i.-i.,f il.. :t.i!.il ii|H.-it--.h .r • iii M-- '
VI !h- r"i-k rX.'l-lll".:^ a- IVL'lirl- l ^. . ,ill...i,al. - 'I'l' .Ml'illMt |..t, ll,l 1.
filiu'. Il .wi VI r, in r.i.'ilit.itiiiB '111 .-li^ iiii'.l !• Miiiarl-m ..f ili.' - .i.ifi....T.
rock in tlif (;..llun -.■n. - ttilli lfi:ii in tin' \>\\i- -. ri.-. A n Im i- ■■ ' ■ tin '-'''i-
e«]. ■ -liiwi.;; till- • ;i..riii ' oT ti Inn. r i...4;, iii.li-.il<- m"W ii..itK .-.rii* -i'' i '
th. -a.. r...'k arr ^li .I-.' i.-,il - up -il i-!.. In I...' .a-i «.■ :><■■ i.-:.lini-' ^^.'i
a iil'.'i.iii-, -t .itip-N .j..], MMtli' 111:.. -1.111. ..(■ I iliiir lii-l.irv ami -li' i. tur.-.
Il: .iiiili.N-i- l: .11. i).|.iv.ial.!.- .1111.. uiii ..f .■arlii.ii wa- .Ift. riiii!i."l . li-i-
•gain 'h.. i-arl'iiiiiii- 'ii- iKnlt.-r l.ii-.'.i.v •■-.nlr. ' f\-- .larl. tint ..t' il..- fr.'-li m. •■!..'
tooth !■ -k. wlii.-li .!,.. •..!., Mri/.'< l.(f..ro tli- M.-- i-;.-.
I'll" -i.iTili- uT■■^i:^ . r tin..- -i>i ••iiu. :. ..l la- i.i..l:.r-li...'li r...h \ iri.'- I>..ii
2.07(1 '., J.7I»: ilia' . t' • • ir -|.i iiinii- ..l' ili. •ii.laruiilil.-- in tla t'-o-lnat ' ■• ,
from .' •'-'> t.i ■•'"'". 'I'll. awi.iL'.' .•!' ill ■"■^■•ii -ii.iMiii.ii- i- -J '•"'.
i • \\].\\ \^ I'lilIM M I'lV.
.\ -frikiiip .lil».r. II... Il tli.' !illi..l..L'i.-iil .liar.i.'i.r ..f l'»- I.. •■ i- n-l 'iah-i
(tr. - i- t.. li. t'..!!!..! in 'i.' iiai iri. ..f lii.- Lrl- .■.ai''..riiiiil.lv ..wrlyiiiL' t!f
P;ir...-ll lava ii, tin- v-p .! ii.- niiif;.- We 'iiv. -<,u tliat. i. tl... Cl.irk.' al. i
I>-Hi- iili.i:!'-. til.' Slu-;.i.ar.i l'..r iiati..i.. Mpviiiir tlii p.. iM..ii. i- .i li..|ii 'l;.'!:- •
011^ -ilii'i.-iH .|..l,.iiii!. ,.h.l iliat it i- i.virlain l.v tin- r .1 1..-1- .l' tii" Knitla.
1,. til,. Call. .11 tilll«. till- I',, I- lilt, rv.liiiiy l.'lw. .11 tli. I'uf.vli |..iv.i aial :'i-
re-i 1...1-. dlMival.'lit I., tli.- I\liitla. liaw a in ■.•!. i:;..it.f t..la! tlil.'kii.-- tli,. I
th-' Stapinipl :iiii| .1 'liii ''■ r lit (•,.iiini.-ill..i.. 'I'!..-.- -Irata ai, w\\ . .| 1
on tin., liciulii- 1 a-t ..t (i...- ir aii.l ..v.rl...,kiiiL- I'..'. I'laiii-: th. ,v iiiav !.■
gr.;i|».l ulnliT t|:.- 1 n ■. ( •.• fi.riiiatiiii |i- '.'tal tliirkti.-- wa- fa;:'! t
,1 ■ ,, I . rii tnli.r- ..f '.n.-nial -trfii^-'li,
: nii-.liat. l.v np-n 'li. I'liri'i'll l.ava .■■■iita'.i.-
.l.ntitv ,.f .i-lii 'aIiIi tlw Sl.i.pai'l. Thi-
-.|» .-ial'v .l.tai'.'.l .a.l.iiiiii.ir - li..!. -f t^.'
... ., . a, ll'. i.a-i ..r ll.M - •■!■ ai- al..':;: li" ■ !
bt' .iL'.iit J.ifJ.". iV
Tin- 1..W.T ':i
be'is wliioli ill 1
corrrlaii'.ii i-
nrniil.. '■ i- 111 Ti'
cxi'..-iii'. -1 ii.irl'n :
t'fh'tHlli
f.,r.„-
flufi'i- ;..!:' 1.
, ; , .- . t^ i.?vV)-f(.L.t iiiomh'T,
5 f..pt -Mn--iv('. !ii;lit i;v..y .lOi'iii.ti'. woutlnring luifl and l>i..»i..
I " Ma--ive. lu'lit Rniy (Hinrt/it>.
rt " Li^'lit ifrav niatfiiosian nnci ^■rrl.t:inn|.^ lirii.-<^tcinc. wiatti.-rii.j in n i|..w -
10 ■■ Til..: t)rii.l.Ml, n^lit grny .lU.-irlzit...
^ ■' Hiulilv ^iliciiHi-, Ki»/ iiiPtarKill.t...
t " riiin-l>p<l.li'l. gr.'V ilolnmilp w.-.it'iprin;; biift. ^
2.> •' T! ick-Ix'ililf.l. li.i'rd. 'ntrtit iirnv. cift.-ii rns'-bcddi'il and Ml.p •-;ii3r,.-l
iiiTnrlziti' -:.ii(l-t '111' . 1 o 1
;» ' ■riiin-b.Mld.d. ...1,1 rcti..niiry, Ii|,ht (.tev doloniite. wpattn'i .ii;; -ti.ir.p biiH '.i.
50 " Mn-sivo. ilmk .\-->y. r....r^<>, ftldrpathio <iaiulitoii.-, lionriMg l.^- a'.'.y !..ti.o- f
grit .111.1 Till" "ii.MuluUiirate cue to (wo fort thick.
VXS •■—
Ba^ie, confn.-nialile top of P'lrroll I.uva
<l>i425B»
i :i
:08
hi:r \inMi.M or i in: iMi.ianu
llf
I ^
:l
' r
I ■
l
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Ap.irt froiii ill.' .-. iic-rcti-ii.- l'..ini.l in ..i-miii hi.MT-. lii. liriic^lniir- ;iiv in
iiiiiiiy le-p ct- -iiiiiliir to llic st^ipl,- |ili:i f i\„- Sliri,|,ar.i f,,nn:il i.ui. Tli(>
iiiph !.iM'fitic KiMvily of >..nir ^|.fc-iiii.'r!-i. J-^i'i; i,, J -71, -Imw- lluit llicy nrc
MTV lij^'h ill iii:if,'ii,,M„ ,„■ ii-,„i nn.l |>n.lKil.ly ;i|.|,r,.Ni,„al,. I.I.mI. f -h -,.ii„..
•vliiit iVTriiRiiioiiB , I, , I, .11, it,.. In any , a-,. ;,|| i!,.. .•■irl...„:,ir I, an. I. aiv ri,-li in
rniifriMsia.
riic cnncTotionaiy Hiin-tiiiv n..|,.,| i,, ,|„. il,i,.K,.,, ,l,,l.,n,|i ir -iralniii i- a
■■-nstaiit fralurr Imt i.-i not always ty|,i,Mlly ,l,v,i,,|., .1. 'riiouMh th i-
ivtioiiary Mia--,- -In.nrly iv-,-imii|,. iy|„. -|„., ini.-i- ..f ( n pi../..i..ii. il„iv -,-,miis
'" '''■ "" n^i-"!! I" rirani iIm'Iii a- ol' .,ili,i' tjian iii-ii;aiii.'. iani^i-iilii -ia-in.
Tlh'.v ar.- ■pii-T,.i,|- ,>f ,.|li|,..,i,|- .-..iT, I ..f ,l,|.iiHi!,' in .-oiavnt lir lavi-^
- paral,'.| Ky tliin lamina,' <,( i-lnrly -ili.a. Tli.- ijiaiii, ha- o| ||„' l.,..ii,- \aii.-
•raii a 1','w in. ■!!,'-. L. a lo,,| ..r i,,..P'. I I lal,' 1 I. I;, i Siniiiar. I li..iiuli mall. |-.-..ii-
■ iv!i..n- uviv :.,iiii.I in 111.- I.a-al I... I- ..'■ th,. Sli.i.panl l'..n,iaiion ,n ili,- Cai-k,.
'I'lic up|i. r inianL.T was .-liii.at,.! i.. 1..- l-.",ii f, , t ||ii,-k. li i- a lairly
' om..«', ll,>,,ii- ina-< of lliin-l,, ,|,lc,l. l.i-l.lv -ill,a.in< n .lar- illli,-. ii;l, i-l rat itici
■A'tli sul)or,linatc, niorp ,11- loss M-ri.-iti' iii,-la-aM.lst,.M,'. On a fi-.-li iVa.-t or.' lioth
i",-li typ,'- ai-,' Kciicrnlly li^rlii -n,v ..r tri-,',Miisli ;:ray. tli,' in.'tar::illit.' naturally
'"i"^ oT -..i.i.uliaf .lark.a- tint. 'I'll.- u.aili.iv.l -nrla,-,- may 1-,. •:r:.\. l,i..wnisii
j;ray. r.-.r.'ly r,il ..r ri.'lli-'i l,i-..wn. Tin in. nil., r i- ni r !'. iti;.: :n.-.i- t..\\ar.l
■'"■ t"l'- i;ipp''-!ii.irk<. ri!! nia:li-. -nn-.i-.i.-k-. :,n.| .-..-i ..f -all . i\-i,il- up i,,
- .an. ..r iii..r.' in .liatii,'t,r, ar,' all ••\,'.','.linuly .•Minin..n llinm-li.,! i li.i- m. iiiImt.
I'll,' ^alt-.i'>si.,l .-a-is u.n- not loan. I in ili,- i..u, |- ni,-iiil.M'.
l'n.1,-1- th,- iiiir..,-.-..p,' ill,.-.. |,„-k, .||,,w ._,.,.at -iniihirily I., lli.. ..lii. I' |.lias,-.s
.1 th<- Ma.'l). naM I.Tinai i.ai. In all lli.- -II. I.-, ihov^'li ,■ |h ,iall,\ in ili,. more
.|nart/ili,- ^^p, -, I'.-l.j-par i- -.■,■!! t.. i..- pr,-. nl. OrtI L-,.. ini,a-..p. IM li i','. an-l
pl.ii;i.i.-la-.' .pi..|ially :i n.l,' in,' ) lol-in a ,•■ in-i.!. rai.l,' p. |-. .■nl.i;'.- ..1' lli,- ,-lastii-
.rains. A I'cw l.roU.ai /ir.-.ai- an.l |..iirimiliii. .ly-tal- \\,rr .•I.-.H..1. S.-i-i,'ilc,
■i!,>ril.', an. •..■.m.lary ,|iia|-l/ liav. npl.i,-, .1 i| i-itiinal ai-^'illa.-. mm- niall,T.
F he -piM'ili,' m-avily ,,f' -,.v,.|i typ.. -|,. .■iai.n- varh- lr..in i' i', I ; i,, J'lil, with
.11 av. rajji' ..I' I'-'lTi'.. 'I'll,' ,.iv,Ta:^i- \\~r ili,. lonnation a-. ... uli..l. i- :il,,.iil l».iNCI.
I'll., stiatipiaphi,- p,. itiou. ,-h(.iin.',il ...inp-ili .in. I . i.-.m-Lmo. 1 .-oiaTr-
tioiiary strn.'tni f lli,- h.uir. ,|,il..inil i,- in, mi , i- an- Iraliir-s ,lir. ,i|y -nliit-
:njr ih.it inciiil , T ullli ilic Sh, ppai-,1 loin.ali.n ..I' tl... .a-l in rani;.-; the
^li,'Pt>ar.l iliiis thin- i:.ili. r iMpi.jly t,. ih, w. -ixvar,l. ']' \,- ihi.K iipp.i' in.iiihcr
. t' th.. ciati-uay lairryinii alum. hint -a't .-ly-lal .m-i-. i- a!ii...-i .■.rlainly ..f
"'■''■'111""' II- "litriii with th.. i.n, I- pait ot ill,. Kiiilla an.l. lik.- lli.' Kiiilla.
>a- .l.iihtl..-- ,1. p..-il,..l a- ,, ...inlin. iilal .1. p.-il m an arl.l .-I li.i.i i...
I'lm I in- l-'.iKM M i.i\.
II" <,:l..\\.i\ l.'l. ar.. -p..,M.iliy l',rnii.'in. .ns fv^.ir.l lli.' I.ip. wIhi.' tlii'V
■■■11^ P i~- iilo a -till iin.r.' l',.rrii^'iii.iiis ina-s ..f -. .lliiii'iit-. |-"riiin its
I'l'' ii'-' "11 uvo -.iniinii- .il.,,ni lu,. mil,. n..ilh ..I I'hillip- .t,. 1<, ihi- a-scin-
h'l i'ni;r (>/ mi: rmi r \>i i;<>.\iiMi:i;
109
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
blutrc i'( slnilM inu.v \<i' imII. ,1 rh,. l''ulli|.- foniial'iMii. I'h,. r\|....iir. - :u.- u.-'
extensive iiml llic l'..rMiati.'U <r,,\,~ ..nt ii^wlu n- ■■I-- in tli.' l!..nn.l.ir\ I" 1'.
Two (iilTclTlll trilVITM'- CdVIT.'.! IM' I'nMll 111 ii i| 1 ; '.ll l'"lll . >' ' M- i i .11 -, I .111-.'
of liihl wcMtlicr. till writ: r u:i- not :r'li- In lii:iUr ;i I liiir..iii;li i\:iiniii;il i..n ,,( ili, -■
bciU. 'I'lic .-s-riitiiil I'ii.i- (,f ill- Hl'i-I-i;.\' vv.ii' ..lilniiu-.l I'lit it i-; wt lsi:,.«i.
wlirtlicr till-' -trill, I I'l- ilm-.' ..f |li.' ..vrrl.v ini; K.'.'-v illr f'Tinji i-n :iri- r'--i!!
ftTull-.
Til, l'iiilli|, ii-i-l-. r..r llh iiin-l pari, nl' almMi .".."ill !'.. I •■{ .lark. |Mir|.li-!;
(ir l.ro\VMi-!i r.il. tine ^'raincl I inpa.'l iii.tari..illil.' aii.l iiu la-.iii.l-t.iiu' ''
alt^^niiitiiiir lliiii li'd-. .\t iIk' l.a.^.- thrpi- iiiiis«iv(^ Ix-.N nf iiray iiniirtzitio 'aii'l-
.xldiii-, !■. ~i |...|i.,ly I'.. HI-. I. 11. an. I Iwiiilv |V, | Ihi. k. an int. r. m!.i!. .!. Si:ii .Ta.!,-
find ripplr-iiiarU- arc au'ain |il<'iilit'iil. N'.. -alt .-ry-lal .-a-l- w.r. i'.nin.l. tli.MiL'h
they iiiJL'lil. .11 iii..r.' pr.>l..ii .■d -rar.-'i. In- f.inii.l. rii.lcr iln iiii.-r.-.-..pi.. -pi.':-
Iiion- of tlii> nil r.i'k- pr.^vr.l P. I..' aluas- iiiirlily -ilii-ii.ii-. Small -iiliaiiu"il.ir
to niifriilar ^rrain- ..f .piarl/. ..rtli.'i'la-<-. ini.r..pi'rlliit. . p!aL;i..cla-i'. aiil
cliorty -ill. -a 11. ■ . tnl.r M.'.l in i \arial.l.' Iia- ■ <•( -ori.i!!.' nii.-,i an.l tin.' uiain-
nf inniiiiPlili' aii.l Ininalilo. 'I'lio mi. 'a i-. n-i n-ual in lh.> .-.a-if-. aliiiinlanllv
d('V<'li.p. .1 in the plaiif- ..f I i.,l.|lii^. .V.-.-i .lii - t,. th.' akuii.iaii. .■ •.! lli.' ■•"■■■^
nrnillni'o.'n- iiiatoriiil. tlio r.n'k in.ay 1..' das-i'.l as a liiclar!.'illito or iiicla-:aii'i-l.in.-.
Tlic t.'lal lliiokiii-- ..r till- fonnati"ii ■- ali"-|i i .piallv .l;\i.l. .1 1.. |m..,ii i!i. .,
two r...-Ul> p.-.
Till' -p.Tili.- f.'ra\ ilii-i ..I tlir.'.. -p.'.-ini. ii- worr t..iiii.| l.> I..- :.' <'.."._'. -t'.Tt. aivl
2-TlM. rill ir awra^i.. ■_'i'.-:;. i- ali..iit tin a\caai;i' l'..r tli.' t.^nnaii' n .i- a uli..'.,
'rill- t;vii.-ral .■..ii:p.i-il i-ii. .■..l...ir. aii.l lid. I r.-lali-i.- .-l' lla- I'liiilip- an' -■
similar I., ill . o ..f llio iippir put "I tin' K'inlla f..rniat i.ai iliat - an liar. IN
(lotilit lliiit tlio two .iro in tlio main. >l ratii!ra|iliio oipii\ al.-nts. 'I'lio ..liiif litli.-
lofrio.il iliff. n nil' i^ -liaf tli.. IMiilllp- appoar- I.. !.•■ -li::Ktlv i!i, iia-,' -ill. .i-
Rn.l o.iarscr (rrairio.l of tiio t\v... It may lio ii..ti'.l tlial noitlnr in tlio I'lat.-w.iy
n.ir in I'liilliiw Wii- any .•oiilcmp..ran.<'iis lava ili-.'.'VcT.il.
i;....-\ IIJ I. 1-"..|;m \iIi.n.
Tlio IMiilliiV- f.irinata.n i nf'irinal.ly ov,rlaiii l.v ili. i;....-\illo. lla' iii^:!!. -'
ro.aiirni/.'.l niomlur of tli. (ialt.n -ori.-. Tin- nanio i- .1. riM.I iV.'iii In.' p"t
ctlioo ro.'.iilly oii.'ii.'il ..II I'liiilip- oro.-k. 'I'lio K... .-villi- ..iil,T..p- at ..iily ..ii.-
point williin tlio ar.a •■"Voro.l l.y i!i.' ( '..mnii--l'in map I' tlaf' l..rni- tii.'
siiniiiPt .'f a p aU lyin^' tlir.'o milo- . a-t ii..rlli.a-l ..) IMiillip- .-r.. k .a-.'.ol.'
lit ill.' jiin.'ti.'ii ..f tlio I'n .>k .'aii\..n wiili lli.' ^n at K'."lina\ ir.inL'li. |-'r..-i..t:
ha- roin..'...| till' iippor part ..f I'l.' I'.rniat i"ii. •<( wlii.-li ..nl\ al t >'•<»< fi. t
iif l.o'l- II '\v roinaln. Il'.w niio'li -r.at.'r tli.' t'.tal lliL-kii. -- nax l..- i- ii.it
kii.iwn
'I'll.' f..rniali..ii a- .'vp..-,"! at tin- "ii.' l...-,ilitv i- , --.nt i^'iv ma. I.' i:p 'if
tliiii-lii'.kli'.l. liylil irroi'ii. liLilit t;rav. aii'l ijr.-.iii-li l'imv -ili. i..'i- ni.tarj.liit..
lioariii;; lliin, iiLT.' .piarl/il i.'. inl.'rli''.l- 'ri.. ...I 'iir- ..t' w. .ilk. rin'j- a . liulit
prtiy ir l.r..\vnisli uray. Snii . ra.-k- aial rippl.-mark- an- .'..i n. In li. !•!
.V. :Jf-.. . ■ •.J!.''.„ "^Y ••.'J'l.i ."( vii.i'tV'V
j.-..'r,u.': :<.. '-' . ai VA.a3ri^^ -•*,; Jii'v>_
110
hi:i'\in\ii:\ r ni iin: isiiitioR
2 3E0RGE v., A. :912
Liibi; .iiA !u. :-i Iit!hilo>;iiMl iletiiils the linnii'iaiit \,.n\~i: c-i the Koosville i.= very
-iiiiihir tu that .li'iiiiiiuiit. |ihaso of tlir (intowiiy I'nninitii'ii. It ?o<Mn?. h..\vc-ver,
that casts ff -alt-<'r.\>uil- iiio wanting in tin- .voiiiii;' r f^rnuitioii. The intiDr-
tillitc i- (■■rn|i(*i(l of anguliir (pinrtz ami tVlii-par ;.Taiii- i avcraglnp only 002
!uni. in <liani( ter) in an nlninilunt matrix "i -irii-iti . ililoriti', iron or.-, and
l'0«-ibly, in some be(l<, a little of the ■iri^iiial ai'^jillaii-.,ii- matter. The hM-pars
again ini-lmle •.rtho<-lase, inieniperthife, aiirl iihi,;;i(.rla<e. ji.vlilin!,'- planed are
Wi-ll Diarkt'! hy jrlintimr serii'itc in the f<'rin of mnumer.il.h' minute fnijc and
■l.redr^.
Tliil^. at the top of t le Cialtoii ^crie:- a- at tia- IliUmiii. stillii' lia-t^im^r-
I'hijni has efFii'tually chaii^ied the oriiiinal eiayi'v -eillment- into nearly nr ipiite
huloerysitalliiie rock-. The miea foil- (lev(>lopiil in the liefly or Mai-D.inald
strata are, at many horizons, larger than the micas clmracteristic of the Roos-
ville, J'hillip-, fir (iatfway. and the t'lp ni 'mher^ nf tla -erie- njay havr r.t. lined
.. fiTeati r "piantity of original argillaerous matter. In thc-e two re-pe.-t- the
older foniiali"ri< have, through deeper hurial. sutl'iTcd a -liiihtly more advanre.I
metaniorphisin than the 1kc1< lying seven to ton tii'msand feet higher in the
terie-. !Nevertli<-le--. the evidence i- eh^ir that tin- Ko.,.ville f>irinati.'ii. likp
the Kintia of tlie Lewis series, has hevii hiiriecl l.eiie.ith many tlioiisand- irf
feet of still xounger strata, doubtless inc^nling the heavy Kevonian and Car-
i'oi.iferc'iis limestone-; to that ancient burial the dr\c!..)inaiit of the m^taruilli-
ii' faeies ..f thi> Tti'o-ville beds is di-:'.
Th'- -|)ecitie gravit.v of .i type -pei-imen from the inetargillite i- -73'"*.
.\ -oniewhat weiithered ha .1— pi iimeii uave ■JiiT.". Th.' aM-rage fi.r the forma-
tion is pri.baldy about 2Tl't.
The Rof«ville ha.s yielded no f..s-il-. ["he f.irm.ition appears to lie yninger
•'laii any I e.l- l.ilonging to th.> I.iwi- si-rie- a- above .les--ribi'.l. It may pr^vc
to be eipiivalent to an upper division of the Kintia which is not exposes! in the
n<'t; d.iry l.< It. .m" may repr. -eiit th.- w.-tuari! .•-ct.-n-i.io nf a .li-tin.'f f'-rin.i-
IiKVONIAX FOKM ATION IN TIIF. G.\LTON R.\NGE.
I)KS( HIPTION.
.\t th.- ea-tern e.lge of the drift-eovere.l Toha.'eo Plain- ill.".'
•V \V. Long.;, a block of f<>ssiliferons Devonian limestone has been fanlted
.lown into contact with tiie (iateway formation. On the west and south the
limestone is covered by drift ami alluvium. The main fault whi.'h limits the
block on the east can be rather sharply located. thi> strikis of the lime-tone
and Gat-ewa.v metargillite being nearly at right angles to each other. This fault
is marked on the map sheet, where it will bd seen to run roughly parallel to
■^ther faults that are responsible for the local graben character of the Rocky
Mountain Trench. The limestone is itself affected by numerous minor slips,
go that it is impossible to be certain of the thickness. In general, the block
Kt.i'dur III ii.'i: 'iiiir .i.-/a'"M/',// /,■
111
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
is irii.iiiii'liiiiil. uitli ;iii iUciMm' ii-Ttli' a-tcrly (li|i ■'!' .liv-. ;' 1". .l.'irri . -. Tin'
appiiruiit tl]ii-ki(.- i.f nil tin' ^tr.ilii is :i!>|)r<ixi!ii;iti ly l.ilnn I'li. tlf I'li- ti'Ml
nOO foot n|irc<i iin iliildiiiitir (iMiirt/ii.-. incurring' at tli'' Im-'' '-i \\\-- ti'"i.
Tlic qu:irt/iti' i- wliiir t" rn ;uii-"i.!iiiire'l mi tin lic-h I'rai-liin. wialli' '
>elliiwisli or l.iiff. Its l.cl- Ml-. :;( i.i rally thick a:iil iiia--:\c. It 1" ai- iin ,,!, i
f(.3sil> utluT than a I'l w inarkiiiL'- like aiiiii'li'lr li^riiiy-.
Cotifiirnialily nvorl.\ inpr t C iiuart/itr i- tlu' \< ry ma'^siM' l!ii]i-t..iii', ui.i.'h
rarely sli"\vs lioijiliiiy plaiies. Tlii- r.^'k i< ii«iiall'. tV':'! ^r liini:niii..,i. .ii, ilio
frisli frni'tnrp. It ncailirr- t'rcin tliM Hernial dark i;r i- tint t<> a iiiiicK li;.'!iti'r
one. Cliirly iimliilo- up i.. tlini- mi- f..iii' iiu'lii- in li.uu' iiT. ai-- i'..iniii n ii;
(■(■rtaiii li'iri'oiis.
li.SvlI.S.
Just aliovi' till- cM.Ma'i "iili tlh' Mij ■ r'yi:.-- .|! art/ite i .■..r:,..'ti.,i\
of fos~iN, hi-ariiiL' llir -!;■'■" iiuiiil>rr I-JIT un it- kJ.,-1 . wa- iii.uii', Tln'sp
Wcri' ili't'Tiiiiiiiil l>y l>v. II. .>'. .\iiii. wlm <■ n'.ti's ;i.! k, v. . lit. ri 1 in t'i'll:— •
' :<lali'iii .\o. 7,'/r.— li'iiiiiilary iiiniunmait at < a-ttTii ■'!;.•.■ ..t' the 'i '.1 arfi I'laias.
In a dark gray, impure crinoi'lal and at tinii- i^tnn crystalline liiiu'stone.
A(je: I'ppiT lUni'niin.
Forma'ioii ■ .loffcr-iai Una >tMni'.
Genera ami fiicie/i:
1. Criniii'lal cohinin-.
2. Producl('"a siihu' ulvtln.
;?. S(hiz<iphoria slri'idihi.
4. MhijrU vitt'ila.
.". A/hiiriy viltiiid, a narn.uir ami in.-r. : v i.l ('(•nil.
tl. Aflniiis viilnla. liniliriate I'lirin.
V. Atl'i/rin iKirnil'i, Wliiteavcs. i.r al'i'ii -)«--i....
8. Ailiyris nff. riilnriiilnei'si^^, pn'lpaW. .i n- a -|H,i'-.,
9. Aflnirix.
10. Trcmatospirt. (;) sp. Xo species of tlii- genus lu.-. as yet beca
oblained from these linie-toia s in Xfni.tana.
11. I'li'inas ixii/iiiis, a ^niall iliiniiuitiye fovm.
12. /^'pin'fcr V'hitni'ili, (Miinparo Hall's S/mifir 'rhitnrin (Spirift'r
{iiiiniaxciisis).
1'i. ■'^piiifiT (Iisjtinclti.1. var. a-iima-si 'ii"!^. A speeinien with hiffh
area and fine plieatioii on the eo-tae. hij-'h and twisted beak.
R<*:embles a form from S. W. folorado.
•Both the writer and Dr. Ami arc undpr sp(>oiat (bli^'atinr to Pr. G. H. <iirfy and
to I>r. K. M. Kinille of the Unitfd St«tps QwUmical Survpv for valuable a-d in deteir-
iiiiuinil the Tnatpn.il of tlipse collpctions; also for exopIl>-nt opportunities for Dr. Ami
to ixinip^ire tlip ('.median forms with -pwimens from v.irious lnraliti(>s ^'".ith of the
Intprn.itional Bpiindary,
^'.M<-.i(>..L.V:t:C
II
J--'>
112 hf I- \i;i Ml \ I 1,1 I in: i\ 1 1 itmi;
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
II. >fu,>.r .■i.ilf i,^,.. Sl,..«- :i pliciiti..ji ill ihi I., v.. Html vnlvr
wiili twi-i.'i! iiriik. Tlii-! m the i)ii?T <:pe<'ini< ii f.iiiinl nf Sjiirifcr
iiliiliciisi- ill |ir. l';,l> .-..H.-ctiDns. Tlii,^ is . iiiiTK-titly clmriii'tiT-
istio iiiiii iiiMiiiilaut 111 !• , .lctf.-i-i>.ii hinosto! f the riiitcil St:itcs.
!.". ) 'iniiiii ii'fi'i ii 1,1 |i
!<;. I'l'iirnlomarl,,. probuhfj- i ( u il-fl or :iHiwl '^-rnO. llatvalvpd.
17. (,n^'.r,i:.o(l.
'■"• A* ' il'i'i tM -tii'il. (- . iiiip^rfci't for nl. iilitii-:ii ii.n
!!i. 1 1, 1, .!,(■, r,n, ~y. I'i ri Ml "f ilicM r.'iiN'-ciit iny -'.iiif tu.niy -. ptri
■•t a i.-t iMpiiilv iiM'i-r:i*itiir Icrwanl tlif aix rt'in '
A. ■..Ill -'"I lilt li,-li. I lip ill t'l. afpanat aiMim, i:i„. ,,thi-. iii~~
sluTi.'ii Ni'. liM*. .ifi. tia li 1..V I'r \ini a- foJ^-w<:
t,-ii;iii lit
ii>i. rti I (lii-f i.f til..
' >inhon \ IJ!'^. l.M' vanli iinril, ,.f ];...iti.larv li
T..l.a.-..,. r „-.
A .i. rs iii-M' •■ rallihc lliiii^tniii. ; \ i r,\ -iiinlar t.i •he i-Iiiirii.-liTi<t j.' rm-U . l'
ti;,- .1. tf, r-..n ' •! -t..;i.- ■■( M. iitaiia. I'li.' i.ii'iitii-Ml ---.ii-ial i..ii ..f r..ni;> -11!. I
til'. :;. !i-r:il |t -.nl iiiop. r- 1, s ,.i' tlir lim •^toii.- I!rili-li l .liiitil ia ati'l
M-'iita-.i an- r« - .aik.il.i. an. I 1. avr ii.. i|..ii . a~ t. ":. l.lriilii". -l' Mii' li.iV .ii-.
• -■ .• r|.|..r l)i \ iiiiaii.
Furmalio* .Iclffrscii limestoii.'.
1. ^ '■^)iiuifi>i'(iif ■ Kxhii.it .■,.iii.i iiln i miiia i. imloiait. arut.
an. I sniall -^.a-o-.
■J. l-irriM/.v. -; . A :..flii . . I'.v rl..-.- i... i!" ^.. i.ji.iil i.-al uli:;, /■
llllllhl.-,' KiiDlitHfi.V.
:;. f "riisili ^. -j.. A f -111 . ..|i-i-'iiii.' ..f tiii"4i U-^c. r i'f..ti'!- aipl -mallrr
iMiraiiiP- tluiii tli..^.- ..t" !a-r -(H-.-u'r.. ' \|.\v -["■■ii-'i
4. FovDxilrx, ^. Cf. F. 'imitdi--^. l{i.Jiuiiif<'i-.
.".. /Iifii Ifiiiuui rililiixl . .<> itaiM-rfi.'-t tor i.i'iiliH<-a' i.m.
il. .\l/i',,f -1. Cf. I 1' r - -i V . r% ..'■» •If. i\aiii|.l. :.!' uitai i:-|.i.ar-
t.. -. tiii~ ~|i(H^ ^
7. Athuri- Small -^t»^h»~ ?«-^ .ahlitii.' i po^r^iln \V
"i. .*>';>, ••('• ■■Hi 'iKth, Tht- -mil.' fi.rii: .m'h'iip-i al-. li Miwiiana
!>. .^'/'.,. • I f. < I. ."<■ -aTi" i/or^,'- 'I'lii- rixiiaiiiic- Hii.-. which arr i r..-
mini-iit (111 fs* frtl.l i'..i --itnt.' !i TTitbcr «1i-M!i«-t. <> ''. itiir-' in
t!,;- -pr.-i,-;
rill' iiuartzil.. i- t. • ■ ,; ivt'lv I'^siffu- -i t-i "!it l^v.mijr.. ^};--i--i|)|.iaii
h'Tii/..!!- art' '...s-ihlv r. !»■ - "<•! -i fhf fanlt-li). ■•!{. for 'he <»- ■•■'••■n •' t'.i--il-
ha- hi'."i I'V 111. tmaii- r\\, -Mv.; The ^r>-i-t. " imrt ' fh' ':ijK»-»->n. I" '■.
I'.Trolat.'.l •■.llii till .IctTir^... litti ' tii' "l" M"li*:ilui
infill: I in I a; rmir \si ihimimi.u 113
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 23a
|'\ij:(iz(M(: i.imi.stmms oi rm; \\v\h,\\[.\, \\\\i\\„
III. -I KIlMl.iN.
Willi P frniH-.' to til,- fjiilt ti-,.i|o|„ f,.-|„.cti\,.l> I,,,;,.] l,y th.' K,M,trii;i.v
'■'*'■'■ '■" <;at.'ua.v) .,,,,1 til,. KNitli..;i.| river. tl„. (^ilt .n-.\liicl loiiMl.l
IiH.iiiit;iiii >,v.Mri,i i- „ .•,„,i|...,nMl l,nr>t. W,- \v.isv -,,n tli;if tlii' I »,.v,,iiiMii
lime-tono ;it 'I'liliii-io I'lalii- i,(,u- -taii.i- i,i ,, r, .n,,,,,,,, l.v, i with strata a< ■•M
a- til.' ba-^- of th,. .Si,\i..|,. Ml,,., ^.|.,,;,,,.|. ,|i-|,|,,,.,.|,„,,,,. ,,, ,|„. „.,-i,rii -.i.l,' cf
ihr Flalli,a-I trniini, luu,- .|i-.,,,|..l |l,-v..„;ai, .m.| .M i-.--i|,|,i.in lii,„ m - ,i,,u-ii
mt,. .uMta.'t with til,. ,-i.i,-t ,11. ii,l„.,-. ,.t- tiir (ialloH -,., ■!,.-, iiH'iii.li,,- lli,. .\1imi
l'.niiati..ii. Til,, ,,-ilt ..f tiii- t.iuiiii,- i, iM.iili.,,. -Ii,..,. a l.ai- -lal.-!ii-, |.1„..1<
'1 Alt.vn. II,.tt.v, aii,l .Ma,-h,,„al,| i,,,!- i^ l,..„,i,|, ,, „ l„,,i, ,i,i, , |„ M i-i~-i|.piaii
l.lilr~t..i|. . Til- v..iii|.j,.r. l..--ilil', |-,,ii- li„„.M.:||.- I.. nil \\\.. in.i-,- -..,,arai,-,| l.y
til,' -tall ami may i... r,'l', it, ,| t., a- lii.. \\',-i,.rii aii.i j-ai-t. ni 1.1, .rk-.
Til" u- ^tirii lil.M-k I- u,-ll ,N|,.,-,.,| ,,ijy at ,-,.,„,,arallwly i,w |„,::.!-; , I-,-
wIkt,- n i- ,..v,T..il liy li. av^ I.mv I. 'I :,. I„.,i,i.iilll.- t:,:;lt- a,,.. 111,.,-, |',„v. ,i,„|,|„.,l
"iil.v .■i|ipr,.\ii,iat,-ly. Tlii- lim, -Imiic i- ,larls l-iui-li-iay. \v,-alii,-riiii; liiiht LM-ay
'" "liili-li- ll i- liia--iv,. iMi-.-ly -li-.wiim- -t;atl|i,-.,ii,,n ,,!;,„.-; f,.,,,! „„,|',.r
th,- haiiiiii. r: s,-iiii-,Ty-t.,lliM,-, witi, tin- laitr.r .-.li. it.- ,Ty<ta:- l-l.i,-];, ii,-,l l,y
iiliM- ,.|" i.ilniirii- u- matt,-,-. |,- ,.,„. -|„.,u--.',,ii,- tii,- i„,n,ial ,■-.]. -in- i- ,-liai,:_.,.,'|
V" .^■il""'-li -lay ,.r i,r,.nii. .\| ...l,,.,- ,„,,,.,- .,,- ,!„ i,,-!, lii,i,-t,.ii,- i- ,-,-\-nil-
'""■ -"■'! Wit-; til.- i.il.iiiiiiiMii- iiiait,,- I,,. ,1„.|-,. |.,.,.,, ,|i,i;!l,.,l ,,,,,,
llir i-anl.v ,,1' visijji,. bi'ii'liiiy-piaiii'S iiiai;,.n it iiiipo-.-ihlo to iiialio portaiii
li- t,, til,, atlitiiil,-- asMiiii,-,! l.y lli,. linicstiiiio llin.iiKlioiit tlio block. The I., -t
f\|.. -in,- aj, iitf tin. (■,.Min;l--i,.|i trail, wh. r.- i' tliroa,N tli,' ,Miiyon at lii.-
l'...ini,lary lii,,-. .l,,,u- a li,.ri/,.iital p..-iti,.ii. l.ut I'artlar t.i th,- ii,..tliuv-t prohaLl.-
(Iip> of aln.ut :;(j t., tlic .■;,,iitln\v-t w.-ro obscrvod. It is likoly tliat tho western
''■'"■'^ '- '""'i' Ill im.l l.<ars nuiiieniii.s l...-;i! I'aiilt- aii-l ~li,-ar-/oiii-.
.\ !• w t'.--ils u,Tc I'.iiiiifl lit a ,-a-,M,I,- jii-t -...i-li ,,f the (■,.niini--i,iti trail
M 111 ■;-• W. !.,.ii:,. a, 1,1 -lull y.inis -.aitii of ili,- l!.„ni-iary >la-li iStati.m X,..
l-':~). Dr. .\ii,i i,l,.i,ti)i,.l tla-s,. a- i,„-l,|.li,- a -p,..-i,.- ,,f .\I,.,„,phvlliiin ami
I'll Atl,y,-,,i,| I, ,,-111. Th,. r,„.k . 1-, uh, I-, I,,.,,,-- ,-,i,i,.i,| -i,.„i-. The liori/oii .-..iiM
i:"t 1„. .|,-t,-riii:ii,..| hut it i- ■ pr, -iiii.ahly iippir Mi-,;-,;,, ,,;„,,.•
'■''"■ '.'-''ni 1.1- .-k i. .-.,:,ip,,-, ,1 ,,r 1,,,. , D.-v.-nl.-u, aii.i M i^-i-ip|,i.,n i;,,.,-
-I--1I.S uhj,-h a|.,. L-r. i.tly l,r,.|;, ,i l,y -I,-;, fault -. In lli.- ii,-l,| „,. Ilil,,,!,,-.!.. ,1
'''■'""'''•" ■"iil'i !■'■ 'ii:"i" b t\v,-.i, th,- tu-. iim.-i,...!.^. \Vi„.r.-v,.r f. — ils
,_--■ iirr ■! ih,- i,„.k ua- ma-iv,. ,-r ! I;, .h I.. !. i-ii ,,niiii- -.; -. a,i,l ■jr:,y. ,-, ,n-,-p,,i„n,;ir
IM all r,'-i-,-,-I- t,, -lapl,. ph.-i-,- ..f 111,. w,..|,.rn 1,1,, -k an, I of th,- 1 iiM,-t,,ii.- ,i~
'''■■'■"<■■■ I'l-'ili-- Til,- pn-;,,l li,-v-, iii.-ii, h,-,U. h..w,-x,i-, an- -p.-,-ialIv ri,-h in
cii- rtv- !i...kil,-s ni.,1 ai,. ..ft.-o m,,iil,..| uith irr, i.;a]ar maii-m-iaii an, I .k.h.mi'ie
par'-.
-^' '!"■ •■'''.;' ■•*' 'll'- l-'I.ith, a,| val],-v ,ii-;t"l ,- -v,-.-. .-.iHHi.f..,,; ,.,,ni ,,-, ,-, -,,,,1
'• '■■'^'^~ '""■'!' "'■ *'•"■ ll"M.-larv li,,,-. -,,,,„. :, ■,., ,.f i,„f,,.-;i;|-,.r,„,,. pinki-h-
i-'r.iv, -ati.iy !-,-,)< u-,.,-,. ,;.,,,,k Tii,-,- a,-,- u.n, rally -m-ian an.] i,a-li|,l,- thin
'"'■ "- ■' "'■'• '■' ii'.iinii''-- -ni.il', i.|a..k |« l,M,-, ..f ;,i-:;i!!it,-. ( 'v,, --!.,-.!, lii,- «,,=
I'-'-. I v,-i. ii »
1
114
i'i:i'Mn\ir\i •'■ i in: i\ 1 1 iW'i;
2 GEORGE v., t. 1912
socri ill the nuiro quart/.>-e l;iy. r*. As u ,i,l.' th. - I.i-.l-. lik.' flic uuiii. liii,. -
stone, were fi li.l hii.Iit iIi. ii.m.'n. r. . ir. n- .■', > •_, ,.ilwi. •!,,ii,, vv ith
strike N. 12° W. and dip, 75— >0' K. , it suggesH lo'Mil faiiltinj; [uiiull.-l tu the
trt-nd nf till' l'l;itlic;id vallo.v.
On till' slripc iniinodii.tcly mI.h,. tl.c rr.Misli /.iii.' tin- imriiinl i:i:i,v. in;i--i\i>
liiiKsiiinp 1 eyins iind I'nntinucs u. -f.viiru !■• .In- trnMt I'inli wl,. \;- ilif iiiii.-iono
mill the ilai'l)iiii:dd ni(.'t:ir;;illit. iiiiiIm' .-..hi;!,.!. [n tli.it t r.u ,.|-.- tlii^ di]!
gradually stcpiion- t-i a iiiiiximmii ■f ill tin . r iihii^ . ti. tlif -uuiii-KM-^twiird.
At till- (;,."i()()-foot I'.iiitniir iiml cncdiidt' mile ihii-i,, ..t' thf I;.,'inil.iry liii.'. ih.' .lip
abruptly el^aiifres to :<:<'' SAV., with ctrlke V. .'.:. W. Tlic iIimiil'.' .-t' .lip Hike?
pluei at 11 nieiididiinl hi'lt id' jiit.i'ii-e -Iieariittr. wli. r. . t.ir titty I'li f a.-r..-- tlin
I'cl'. the linic-tniie i-i a wliitr, hri .-rhit. .1 inarhl.'. {"n-f ,.i llii- -liiaid.iii il„.
fi>--il- enlleeti'd ill<> M i-isi?-ippiaii III a;.'e; «i-t nl' j: iIi,- ('■--il- are I »i'V..!iiah.
Thi' -h'ardelt -eeiii=i. tiiiis, tn mark t'lr miti-tv.p ..t' a -In.iiir t'ault al.nii: ulii.-h
'he \li--i-~'pl)iaii llii;e--ti>i<e \\:.- 1 i. ii dnvpid dcuii, !i]ali\.iy I-. ihr !>. ^.a,!;,!,
■ II llir \vr-l.
That traverse is prnlmhly tyideal uf a iiamlKr uhi.-h iiiij.'ht he iniido aeross
thr Oil-tern hh'ck. The rehitioiis are lli..-.i' ,,|' -i, p-l'a dt.'.l l.h..-k. with d^un-
thriiw p. thi' I'ii-i. I''iirtliir nanark- mad I'ii^i' 117 a- t.. •In I...-,,! .tria-tari--
-h'lild Im' added tn this hriif ii tint. Siii.'.' ihi' d i -1 rili i' h'li and i umu- ,,t' tla
various faults are unknown, it i-i imt pcssihle to st:ite thf trai- l!iiekiiiT.-i- ..f
the t'.--i!it'iTi.iis liine-littn--. jvithir tin- I Irvaiiiiii ..r the M i--i--ippiaii liiii.-
-toiie i- eiTtiitily iiiiiiiy liMialii-d- ■ f tV. t in thiikiie--; tlaar .■omldled tlii''kiii'-s
niu-t 1« w, !1 over l.OiHI ('..'t.
Xeith.r '•■]> lae- I,.. It. an ,.| ih,- -, rir- ha- h.'i-ti d^->'v.rid in thi' liouii.lary
helt. h, till' Y.ikiiiik:.;; valhv. al I tiM- ndli^ -oath nt' tin. ILiiindiirv liiir. in
thi- --aiii. m.anitain raiR'.-. Willis t'.'ind a -mall ina-- ..f line -ton.' oarryiia.'
inimer..n- I'.'-sil- ot' 'lie Saint l.-'iii- li.ii'i/..|i ..I' th.' M i--i--ip|.iiin. ilr ;\rif.-
'liat till' lliiie-it.iie -
•I- wilhi.nt 'ipp. 1 -tratiur .phi.- limit, hat r. -i- i'..i.l'..rmalily ..n a
iinaitzite. whieh is ane.inl',.riiiahl, ..n Alir.'iiki an -triitii. Tin- Muart/iti'
i- »I out :.'.5 t'l-et fid.'k. ami it ami th.- lim, -p.ni' li. in a lOiirly h'.ri/.'ntal
p..-itiiin. Th.' name ^'akinikak i- lien- a|.pli..l l.. tln' lime-tone, exehl.ive
■'f the quarl/it,-, whi. li ni.y i-l-'ula-r. .l.\.h.p iial. piialcnt iiiiportaiiee. . .
I:- ftlie litiK -turn ■ ! ...I'lirreni .■ ..ii ^■akinikil]i 'i.-.k i- apiiareiitly .liir to
ih'Wti-fanllim>-. a- i; ii.'- at a e.inpiiraiiv. 1\ !...\ '.m.] iimotiL' moiiiifains
.•omi>o-e.l ..f the AliT'iikiaii arf.'il!il.'-, ll- pr. -.u. . in thi- I..i'a!itv. taken
III i'..iiiLi cti..!! with ■•till r < .'I'urrili.'i - ii..rlh an. I -..ath. miiv 1.. .■.ai-iili r. .1
i.\ id. ti.'.' ,f tl». foniKT ■ \ti ii-i..ii ..t' th. i!|.pi r M i--i--ippiaii lim. -t ■ oM-r
ih> rntire n'UiOii. The ah-. !..'o ..i .arli.r M i--i--! p|.ian itra'a i- -iuniti. ant
. f ill! niin-nal ..virlap.'*
It' thi- ^':lkinikak lln i-t.m- .v . r. .1. i ..-il.-.l inn'' i.i'..iiu.il.ly np.a. llir ( i.-iitmi
" .-Mi-'oiikian M series, there niiist havi h.-i-n ^tronir def.irinntion and extensive
•11 \Vi!|;,, Hall, (i,.,.i <..,■ \nicri.,i. V.K I'l. I!.i>J, p, Kt
nii'i'in ',! iii< ( iin.i i> //,•'«■ ..://./,■ us
lE-'-lONAL PAPtR No 2oa
C'U. fri.-i"li i-i'!Mi-i !i:ii '1. ■■•I' :ii. I li'i ,, 1,1.111 Ii 1 i- !■• I'T. -.!.!.. I Ml ;;ri;it
•t,i.'Mli-< ..Illy tin • '■■:iv :iii!. - I . tli.' !i rtll. Mauv ni -rrMil i..ii- iinlii'iilf
•Mth ^omo certiiiuty tliiu s.x'ii ..ruffcui.- iiioveiiicnts in tliis part nf tho ('..nlillf-run
.■^:':mi hiiv :iul int. rvm. ■! !•• !».,:: il,.. .|..|.,.-|! i,,ii ,,f tl„. .I.tF. i -.ii lini.-tnn.'
..ml Jlir upper Missi-.-ippiim linio^tuii.-. Some otluT than Willis' iiitcrprutafion
: till. V'lliiiiikak t^i.-i -. iiii< Icjitiniatc, it' ii'^t iicrp-^nry. 'I'lu- uiitiT lamwM
: II.. I'ai't- uliirli ii,\.ilvt> any iMtaMo i'r,i-i..ii uiiionfurniity lulwiru tin-
I''\.iiiiaii ..r ('arl...|iitiv(.iii -("liiiimt- ami tlic ( ■aiiil.riaii-i!i-lt iau >.Tir> nf
-. ifhia-it.Mi Hriti-li C.liiiiii.li .,r ..f ^fdiitiiua n-.riiiwt-t •f flu- li.-li n ntaiii-
!..! ill. l[ol.na cli-trj.'t.
111.' I'l'.'.niiiii : — :'- v ■ i • .lil f'.iiii.i iili.iii;- lli. u. «!. rii ..L'.' ..f thr ca.-tcrii
iil..-iv, 'riu' cxa'-t l...-alitiis aii.i llii' t'aunal lists priparnl liy Dr. II. M. Ami,
arc here given.
<liillun Xo. UUi. -\' 1!4" :'.V W. Lontr.; .-.even mile? w.-.t of tin- I''lathiMi.i
liver, iin.l twn miles ami a 1 :<If iioitli ..f Boiimlary irt,400-f.ii,t eenti-iiir) ; elnse
t.. great t'aiilt mappe.l.
Ill a ilark srin.N', iiii|M.-. .iisleeiitc! !iiiie<t..ii. , m atiierih- iii|>i"r,v-i.'ray.
.■■ell..wi.-h-!.'ray, . r imV; •;•,!.■'• i-.-.l im.l n-i'eiiieiiti.l. in. .re or 1.-- altereil t>y
I re--sure. Snit'a. e inaik.'l ly piit. .! -nu.tiire in Miiiforinly -lialli.w roiiinieil
■U'pre3-ii n-, ..r .asitir-. in u ilrli a laver .<\ .■aliMreoii- ' '.' maiter aiUM'ars,
.1.- a tliin liiiiiiLj 111 till ihii, 1' Willi.
Aiip: Divoiiiaii.
/■'o;//, <;/»'., I, ■ .lelT.r .11 :ini.-t. n.' in tlie ii|.i..r p.irt .f \\u- D.v.inian -y>tein.
<i' nern nnJ .s/.. . .. .. .
I. r/,, ,//,',■> . '1 .|, ,\. imp. li'i .ilv |.r. -iTVi .1 vprciinen not reeoyniz-
alile, Irii-la-.l v.ilve ..linwiiiir piinetnte xtnietiire.
-• !■''•"/"' .'v"i.'. <lii.. -iH'.'iin.n ami t\v.. -mall !'rai;ineiit-i .if this
-p.-.i,.- .'liaia.-f. ri/.' 'Ii.>e liiiiiritoiie-.
:!. .<ii!rifpr r „.il.-iniini. l-Af..liat. il ~pe,.iim n in a I.L.'k of liiiieitone.
Aiiolliei- ;!i.li\ i.liial. partially evt'eliateil, repre-ent< ..lie of thp
iiin.-r..mit.. typ..- ■.( Si,;,if> r /•iKihrnnni with a liiiili liinu'e area.
iiii.l i-.-i...|ilii. .. \riy .-lii-ely the >'i'ii'il, r ■•niih'iintni from the
.Ti-lT.-r-..ii ;ini.-i..ne ol' J'tali. Montaii.i. aiel N'lva.la -a- rejire-
•ent.-.l in i|,e .•. .lie.-t ion- ..f tlie I'. < I ;,..]. .pi, -.il Siirv. •. ..I.taiiie.l
l.y Dr. v.. \r. K'in.llo,
yiatifii X-K /.'::. --I'iv.- liiin.ir...I yanl- io.ifli.a-t ..f -tatioii X... Il'TC. end
.Ic^e to ureat fa elf.
Till' t"o.«-il- ii.'riir in :i iark. fraet'ire.l .iiiil rercmciit, .] linio-ton. . w.ather-
ir.t' peppory-sray ; ealeite \oins jirevaleiit.
Aiie: I'piHT i>e\..ii!aii.
F'lriiiii'ioii : .(c.tTor-.'i; linu-tMm.
I'.-.a V..!. ii -m;
110
Dhi' I /;/ ui \ /• nr I III- i\i I mill!
if
2 GEORGE V . A. tgia
1. Sp.m;;i-lik,. ..ru.iiii-ih. Ij.riL'. -I. M'Iit . \ iiml. i. ,•! -iMji-lil;. f'Ai .■!■
spiculi's (() II iinlontiliii [(),
2. hiiiiiftlis .[), ( ■.iiii|Kirt' /•'(ii'-.silfs liiiiiliir' lIciiiiiiL'" r,
:I. ('hl'loiioni, iMir -piTiiiii n
4. Atiiiim <;>7j, ni. S.-lilotliiinii.
Stali,,i, y,t. tJ'.iii.- X.Mf m.'r-i.|i:iii nf lU ;',:;' \V 1.,,,,l'.; l'..iir mil.- «r-t
• f the KLiiIp Mil rivi-r. ■.tu>\ 'ii'' li.ill' mil.- norih ..f ili. r.r.Mii.l.ir,\- liiH'; li.r.ilo f.M.t
iDiitiiiir.
A lilii.'-t.lir Ur.itlliMiliL' IM-ly .r l.ri'rt ni-ll-v,ll. h ; -|.. .■iimh- nf f..--il-
siliciti'il.
A;li': I'liin'r Ki'vcinhii:.
FanihiUni, : .I,.ir.r-Mti ::Mi,-tnn..
(If II, III ftliil •.fin /. ,» ■
1. /ijiilifi iili< ( ; i ,|,.
•J. .\h-iijiii i-ilii iiliii 1^, l.iiiiKi'U-.
H, Mriipii ■i^i„r,i, Srlil,,t!iiinii.
Till" Mis-i-sippiiiii l"..«-ii- ,.f fl„' c.i-tcrn M-k r.r. li-tnl. \\\\h 1-alify
indiculii'ii-. liy Dr. Auii. :i- t'.illi)vv-:
>7.(//,», Xn, I's.;. -At lie ' ■■'.»" \V. I,.. 111.'.; nv. ,,ih1 ;i li;ill" imu.- \v(--t nf
Fiatlieiul riviT. muI i,Uf-h.\\i uiiii- uiulli ..f tin. I!.Hniilar: lii:. ; ,"...'oii-|'..i.t i tcmr.
A'ji': T'ppiT Mi3:«is-ipiii;iii.
Fnniiiil mil : M:iili-iiii liiii.-t' in'.
ill- iipi-ii 'ttiif .till I (I's :
I. I.'iliiislrol'iiiii , -p.
i'. >'//»•/'//'/"/""■". -p.
:), /iiplirriii:^, .p.
I, .1/. iii.iihiillinii, -•,
."., ■^Irl.iill'llil,
I'l \h<fi\\in\]n]>nr"lil.
~. ■ ■,.//.'■>!/. I, -I . ill, r,,,il;,.,M7'I hilnhhn.
- • ■• l!.i;,i,}„,;„, ,p.
;'. t'~riiliiria rora.
In. /',,./»r'»s, -p.. ,•,,,, .pMfr /'. il'i iiniilillfi. L.M, ^i.j- - -rllptiiic -ililil;ir
M th.it in lM:'jii-li >p.'.i'ii. ti-.
! 1. ' iiiiuir ''.I ■ II III . -p.
IJ. •^plrll'ir. -p.: .■111'. .^^ A •«/,■,//.■.
1:;. <,,/;■//■.,■ /,•,■./•/;. Ml- :, \,.ry c'l. .-(>!> :illii.l >p...:. ., ..-riciiifr ^^•ith X..r--
wooil mill i'r.itton"s 'li'sciiption in noarly .ver.v dotnil. Middle
rill .aid -inn- .|.n-< n.,t ii'wuy, .ai. ml !•• iu.ik. Srfmrtinii - tlin-.'
rill- iif -iii'i- .-.pial: at ..tlicr tlin- .; . Vir;;. ;■ :iii.l i\v.. -lunlli-r.
•te
i;i r<ii:i ,,i ii;i iiiiir i-/ "i.' .,:///,• ii7
bFSSIONAL FAPER No. 25
\i. ri,,,ii,i,,,.i;,„i ,u'/M//,i. S|.r,-iiM. II- iflvt'' rii.l l.i'.i, ;i..-, , i;,, ;;-.■.!
"l^-'r (it ;aiiii-ll;i' lik: -piiii'- iii |,r<vip.-;v ilt-.'rii.cJ -|.. .iiinti-.
•<.. ;ll-o l''..,/-;s liirsHl-l. I|i,!l. U'j. r- .'1 iS|., -.u llilll, :iM.l
I'l •:. \'"l. 1. n.ll. \,., :;. \ n. !• \| ,-. |- \.,i,,r..l ll,-i..r>.
■^'""'"" ^ ■■ /."<• riiP.- Iiiin.lr.ii ',,nl. u- l' -tati-ii \... 1.'-:.; .-..-ih;.
iiidt n.|it..;ir.
-I'/.; rr.l.ilH. |.|„.r \!,
(irnt III iinil ./I. . I. > •
I. J.,ll.„^tn.'ii,i. .|,.
i'. > v (iiiio/inia, bj).
--ili|.i:ti,.
•I !••' ' I I i;i "I I III. ti M.TliN \1 \i [">\ \l.l- \i
"I N IMS M -1 I \|
Til.' «.'„■> f„-liiial r..,-ks brt\v....n tli,. I'h.tli.M.l ;ui.| ti.r l;,„-Uy M,,i,„fain
'"■'■'"■'' ■" ''" '■■■I'.v-iiihlli l'iii;ill,.| iirv s.r\ iiiii.li 1 ...|r ,|, l,.rin. .1 tl..,i, ,,,v t|,,,^.
•'( tl..' Clark., niiif.',. ,„ ;l„. |,,.wl- ran-.. Tli. , s. , , .IIm^Iv intl. \il.l, n.ifinv nl t|„.
rock- ha.s invented tlio .li'Vclopiricnt ui sv.|, n.nti.. folds; tlio striictun> .il! across
llic (Jalt.iii-MiH-hoiKil.i -v-tciii i- ahnn-t ,iilinl\ .1. i. rinin..! !.v faiilm^j. .\t
len.st twelve inujui- fanlt-l.l.M-ks urc rcprfMiild i,, tlic riia|. -Iicds as nc'irrinj?
Ill tlh- ti\c mil,. l„|r ivIi.Tc h rr..",- tl.. tu.. r.mr. -. W itl,!,, ,|„. |„,|| ,|,,, ,||,,^
ruii^'- \inu\ (I I.. !H> . ;,\,.r:iyiiiL' al..iut :'.n
The 111. -I ..,-.[. -r'.y an.l the ino-t w,~t. rl,^ I.I...K- r,,i,t.i i,,, r. -|„.,-| ivrlv. Car-
bonifcron- aii<l l>cv..iiiaii liiiicstdiic-. wlii,.li. .x.-.-ptiiiir th.. Ki,li.niliii lake' Im-,!.)
arc Ih,. >..,mL.c.t I,,.. I rock f„rMi!iti..ns in ,]„■ |;,„.u .Mmmt.iin -v-l.n, at tlii-i
Intiludc Thcs,. particular Min-ks arc of -ix-ci;,! i,,i,.iv-t -in,-,, tin ,-|, ^rly
Miow the inauiiitiidc of til,. >lisplac,.rMcnt- t,, wliid, th.. I-'hitl,. a.i tn.,i;.di ami
the |{o,-ky Mountain Trcnc'li ..w fh.ir origin. Tno t a.l. .nit'croii- liin,.:oii,'
"1 the uct -idc of tho Klath(.a.l i- on the -anio I,ao| with -trata on the ,.a-t
-hie, lHloi,j.iM!r to the l,.«vr Appckiiiitiy. ()„.■ may falrU estimate that a net
• ii^plncment of at ha-i la.iidO f, et. or p..-il,|., l'<i.(mh( feet i- Ilto in.li.-.ile.l
The w,.-torn part of the (la,-. -, ■•^o, , , 1„,,„ i,o,.,\ nearly or ipiiie thr.-.^
miles hiphcr than the nc ■; .a e.iv i „ici.- . . t'le .\la.-l »oi,aM raiiL-e. The latter
Mock i- .lownthrown hy .„. , ui: :.•■, ite.- ;,;i; .iint, with re,|„.et to the hloek m..\f
en the we.f. Tl„. (•arh..nifero;,~ ;,n,. ;■..,■ at the {•■lath..a.l vall..y is. in f;„'.t.
the visihl,. upper i.orti..n ..f a hroa.! hlo < ,,r -erie- . f parallel Moek- uliieli have
boeii dropped a iniriiiniim of al .....t 'hree miles !...,,,,■ .|„. ,i,li.ic.nf hloeks of tlie
Clarke ui.l MacKoiiald raiisr.- : ' ■• " .,|ii. ad t -one i i-tioi. -tnictiirally ■,
typical fault troii^di or -j-rahen.- ! ■' ■ ai... i ifl.i .,..hahl,. liiat the depre-M-on
has always been a prabi'M in a toponrraphic sens. . it ha- U eu partially filled
with lake lieds and has been d.d'orme,! I.y il, fol.liuL- of th. ,■ 'e is hut there is
no evidence that the initial trnu^h for' ■,• a ..■;■ ipiif^. de-!reved.
It will be oliservel from thi. map shoii ih, -, th . Ci,r)if.iiiferoa- liTni.-ioiii. of
the MacDoiiald raiiire ....ciirs in two differ,. nt f .clt-bloeks aepio-ated l>v a
;i \\m\ IK- ^^jofat.
m
it
IIU
iii.r I/,'/ 1// \ /■ "/ //// /\ // /.•/'./.'
JP
2 GEORCf V, A. -i'Z
narrmv. ■il.ih-'ik' lili'-k nl -fiatii r.iriuiiiii: in au 'i.-iii \\\i- Allvn |u fli- \|,i ■
I>niialii iiii-lu-iM- !■ i- ii"t r Hv t.. iiii.l' r<t.iiiM ti ••.piiditiuti-i iiiidrr wlit.'i;
tliin nurr'iw si 'i. r(iin|M.-('(l .,1' the mM, -t -•■In, '- in tlw riititJt'. en!.
ma'tf c'diitiict • : riidi -i'lo wiili ill. N-iiiiL''-' t'linii.iii li i.f ilir r:iii;.'i'. 'V\y-
li\ IH'ilii-i > ,n ■■;i.-i'iv;il'li-. Ar'i-.Tiliiil.' t" li^i' lir-' tin n-l.il iiui- wiTf (-t.iMi«lit>,i
tiy »iini ■' ii'Tiinil fai.itiiiir \xlHrl.\ ih. 1 .nl' uilVr'ni- l.|..,K- \\,rr ilrM|i|i.Hl
ilowii, A'-'Dnliiii.' Ill ilii- - I-.. ml ii> |Hiilii .; . , i,f iiiii\' |. ..' ,:,iii ;i |i.. ;il i.vi rtlirn-;
of llif I 'Ii r riK'lv- u|>Mii III, ( '.iti,. iiilViiii . IuMlhi.! I.. ii..niiii! fiiiiliiuk' "hi'',
(lrcjp|M-il ill.' Altyii-MiifK 'linl.! liL.i'k A^-wi, i\,v.- Uf 1 iU'lMiiiil'. i-mi-, linn. i. ,•;,■.
'I'liii * ii'l viiu wmiiil iiiitiii'.illy .i.iTi i .ii will, till ■ l,iili,ii iliiit till u'lii!'-
( iiirki- r.iii:ii' li:n lnn n tlciu^t. nvir ( ^irli.'iu ii r i- ■ f ( ■rfi.i.-cuiis ri,riu:ii iuii.,
Kxiri'ii!!' .1-1 till- iiiiM iii.iy 1« . the kiiii»ii I'.iri- ,li, iini • M'lmli- it ii'i.i tin uv .
hyjiiitlii ' ii i itltcriKitivi- ii:i' -iiH i,pt lu li i m' !,■ ■ ti li iK.ii tin .,iiiiii,|,- ,,t'
the limit ,1.1111- III lllr I'il-I -ill. .,|' till AIlM -M,! jli.),. Ill -l.ll. Ii;ivi. U...11 Ifiiul.
with ■■ ii i liTllMc iii|l!iiii.||ii . I ill 'i ill 111 til U.-ti.rii -iilr Wii- ll.'t -
rOUllily |i1i.' i <:\ till 111 111. llllt il 1- IiTmiiI li ■• 1U.:|.|.. il ,illl .l|i|if,,\l!li;lt.
tccuriiey.
Ill fnur or !■ '11' liMilin>.' i">-0- 'In' f.ii'. Ii, i- Im'.. 'i i ii •Ih.ui, j- l'i,l!.,\r liiir
strvui i.iiiii-.i.- {itiiiiiii: ilii-i' iii..iiiit;iiii-. I III 1 ..III \;\i'\ 1.1 \\'ii;\v ,1111 ri*!! 'm-
b«>OTl lii tmiiilii •! ill |ii.-iliiiii I'V ;i liicii, \'.|i!i! ''■..- -ti' : ;:!> ;itTii'lii| llir 'lih- ,i|'
tlic M!ii-I>iiii.il'i I'lriiMii "I ■: I'illii 1- -iili- .,!' till' livir.
'i'lii' livi' iiii.-t vvi-'i rl> !,'.,.'k- I l' ilii I -iihi !i l'i,iii;« •'., .i i.tniir. -i\i li ,.\ • ■
(iroppiii;:' III' lil'K'k- t'ln u r.i-t |.. ui--', uil -I'., :'i-iitl ' i.i- liii' \I;|i'l >, .|i;iM.
Siyoh. i'lii'i'i'U, '■ ,1 jy, jiiil I 11 V "iii.iii liijii :' ■riii.'tii'ii- hH' ~iiit. --ivi-ly
in lutlT;li I'l'lll;!' ' Till- I'lpiiv .ill III !• ,,|' I, II .rwil' tin I>l.Mi|li.lll liiu..',. ,
at Tolia.'.'O I'l ii,- .Hill rill. |.,Mir \l,i.| l.'i., , L. i- ..'.■:,: -III. \Vi^nv;iii, -i,,>.
♦ hat thi' iii'l i'il:iini. •r-i.i.ii'i.'iii'hi , • ilii t.' . I'li.k- li.i- ill 111 lit li 1 ' lip.iMii>
foot .'Hill limy li;ivi' I'lih -I'vrriil tli(i,-ai:il '< • i.'ii.iiii. \\ • ,ii'i. tin I'l ! ii'i. pr..-
pared tn timl tlint fli.' Um'ky \Ii 'iiilain 'I'iiih'Ii ,it tin F..riy-iiiiitli l'Mr:ill"l iii-
been Inrjitcii <iii a ziiiir "f -Iii'Iil' :' ii:1' in::. I'l:- i'.ii,.'li'.-ii i, will ln' iii'tril ,i.'.i!' .
io thfi noxt clinpter, on the Purccll mount ui sys'Pni.
Till- ri'liitinii lit' till Piniitiiiiii mill (.III ill I'll 1- f. i'in,iii,.ti- til fh, ,,M."
geosyiu'lina! ITi-ilii iia- liiii 'l-rM--^'il 'n i'..i,i.' i li' ii uiili lln' -I raliu'rapl,' '
the yiiiitisr
tion '11 'li
llllH'-t
-ill.;.','!.
'I'll.' l;,. imlai-x i'l'lt 1,1- !' riii-lii'.l v.'i-v litlli' in
G£ j'TGt '.
i£?SIOSA. PAPER \> 2Vi
A, ')■}
CHAPTER VI,
^liniKiltVI'II^ AM' Slicrt Tl-ltK t)F Tin-: ITIJCK!.!, MorNTAIN-
SVSTilM.
I'l i;i i.i.i, .-.i.ijil.s
A- ■III! ira.l'- til' 1,'n 1 , .Mdlllltaill ->-t<tM lllhl I'M),,,-- ||l,- Wh!.> lll..-li-;-
tpii'-li ii. -t'.ii.v tlie '■..|ii|"i-ili .11 .■(' the I'lircfll -.v-t.:i, ,i|,nii; lli.- I'nny jitli
I'.inill. ;. lir ciil.i.* a 11111. 'li lij' re ■lillii-lilt lirlil. Hitucili (i:iti-\\.i> iiii'l l''i-lliill
tin- II luilaiii!) iicliloiii rise ubove treo-liiio anj the forest cap is, thnniKhout
l! • -li.ii'ii. ..t' uMii-iial ilii.-iits :>iii| .■miliiiiiilv. Nu'wiili-t.inilini.' tin- -t.'r|i!ii>s
if tli<. ni'>iiiiliiin slii|>' ■ lih- tiiiilHr ti tiiT;il|\ -(.niii- thi'l: u|i..ii tfi-ai. llriiratii
til. til-.- a iii-.i\> j;i-..\vt!i i.t' liru-li mni if n. rally. ,i ill-i-duraL-inirly lhi. i> lavi'i-
"f Ml..-- :i!i I liuMiii-. t'. i!ii nil iinpiii. tiiil.li .-..vii- ..VI r iiiii-l I'f I'lr I'l'il-i k III
the l!.iiiiil;try !.• Ir. I>iii n'_ iiiai \ Irnv. r-c- inii.l.- ilnriiiLT tin- -i a.- .n .if l!"t|
OUfi roil- ;il.-.i|utrl> faili.l f.ir j inili'. nr •mi, fur -I'M-r-.i iiiili -. at i llnii.
Fifl-I work w.i-i tiir'li r ri'inj. r.il lUi-ati fai't.ir> i|i;in_' thai I'Mra.n- liii.irlK
ilry -ia-"ii ..ii uiii ..i lln' iliirk -iii..ki' uliidi hiinv . mv iIh' iii.iirilaii,-. I^.n-
Clio |«'ri.i(l i.f - v.ii w. ik- til. -iiioki w.i- .|i II-:. ■ ciiir t,'li t" iiiti-rfi-r" -iTimi-ly
witli tlir w.irk I'l .11-1 ..V, riiiir , iit.Tnp-.
Ill till' r i.'ill- ill. -tratiiiraplii.' loin'liisinii- \v. r. ri'iulcn-.l iil! ir iii.irr
ili'iiciitc I"',. -•■ of till' rcMiiirk.ik!' iiiiif..riiiity nf tin- si'iIImk hiary nnatinii .
It wa- f 'iniil ilial iii>i-li tlir -r. alii part ..f lli.- lull i- iiii.liri.i ;ii liy ilir -trali-
jrrai'lii.- 1 Miii val'i't ..f lli. liilt.ii aii'l l.i wi- -trio-. Tlii- . .jui^ .ili-nt lia- l.i .n
liaiiio.l till' I'ln-iil! -rii'- \'. v -ill]..... i- iki re rr|.ri-i ntnl :iiii.ii:.- it- in. luki-r-
llliyiliiiir lik.. III.- li'.ly . II', -I- .\i-liiiLi-. f.ir i Miiiipli'. i,. t\vi.. ii t!.' Kiiitl.i
an. I .*^li.ppar,i f,.i ■na'i' ti-. I.ivo ii ili.- Siy. k in.j <lrimi'H, l..t\v...; li,, Ap),,-
kuni.\ aii'l Alt\i:. .r k.lui.n tin r.- p..-t;M. pair- ,,:' f.i' -iiati'ili- in t'lo (iall..i,
».'ri.-i. I'", r tii'.ii-aiiil- "t :.i t t.'L'. tli.r tlio -iral.i ..f tli.' I'nn'iH -. i -.■■; |,\'nil.ii
a h.iiii.,u'i-!,.it\ lliat I- IioiiimI t.i .-x.-ili- woii.l. r in tli.' miii.l iif tli ii.- .;, .!.'i-l .
Ill tilt- .Mo,\ii! and Yahk rangos i.i.t a siiiglo stratum of marked iii.liv'diiality
lia- l.c.'ii .Ii- ■.iv,-i'.',l \'. !ii-h i- |ir..i.,, I,, p. r-i-l llii.'UL'lii.nt llii' raii:;i li, ii,.i,.
of til.' tlir.... rally.- a- my fiiriiiai imi \ii|.|. ,! l',,--ii.. Tlii- fa'iiir.- ..f w.'ll
ilftii.."! Ii,iri/..ii-iiiark.'r- ni a r.iri.m of i-..ii-iil. r iii.. -Irn.-t nr il .•..nipl.xity i-.
f.orh.ips. ill., yr. at.--t if ill.' ,!itlii-uli, iliat .-..nfi nt lli.' L'i'.ilin.'i-t in li,,
I'aro.ll-.
F.ir tti.ii- mason- tli.- v.rit.r In - ii.l f. it in-tiii.-.j in ati.inpt intr ' , .i. -■
'tI ,e the I'lirrell s.^ri.- In the ,1. la.l uiii.-h i- warranto,] in tli.' .-a-- ..f
f,)iTTiati,,n- i',,ui|".-iiie t!,e (ialtoii or l.-wi- -, ri. -. It !ia- -.•.■iJi,,| -af. v i.,
oxpi, -- ' o -ti atiL'vno'. ,'" til.' I'lir". II iiit.iin- in t.-r'n-: ..f tiin-., vor,\ ;t,i,-k.
}i-'
MICtOCOPV DiSOlUTION TEST CHART
lANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2)
A APPLIED INA^GE In
S^^ fioc'^esle-. Ne* 'ort. i4t;-;y ,1-54
"-^ ■ '16) «82 - 0300 - Phonff
S^= ;?16) 288 - 5989 - Fq.
lao
/'/./' \ri \ii:\r nr mi: isiumm
2 GEORGE V , A. 1912
ooufurinabl,- M..liin.„tar,v fornm linns, eu.'li of wl.iWi, ,.„ Mfcuiit of its ho>no-
>^..-itj. .s v., |,.H... „n.,i,M,l.. -y,„.,„;„i,. .,:,,lv-i, int., snl.liviMo,,. of n,o,v
usual thickness. Evn tlus.. (inu,,! ,livisio„s of the tl.ick s..ri,.9. callod the
-reston, Jvitchj-ner. an,l .Mo.vio fonnations, are not always with ease separable
rem ono auothor .n tho ti.M. All a,v l,if..hl.v sili.ious in eliaraoter; nil ar.
hne-^nu,„.,l to oomiMct in fxturo; all show pliasrs win.!, ar. in.listincM!,l,al,!o
m tho Inunl sjic-nn,., n,- in tl.o I.mIj,,.. Tho thr... f„rnn,ti..M. avo. in fnet
Sfeparatoil on the ground of comparatively subordinate lithol. _ical differences'
sucli as colouis ot frusl, f.Mctnro an.l wrathcro,! snrfacv.
Mi,Toscopi,-alIy an.l .■h..nii.-ally tho innn.Mis.-ly t k ('r..st..n an.l Kiflirnor
lorM,atn,„s an. ,^..,v..,l ,,, 1„. ,hn.,-, i,l..n.i...| in ...n-titntion. A pr,.vailintr and
dearly n>n,..r .l.tToron.v h, tw. on .h,.,n. ....nnMin,, in tho faot fiat tho Kitohoner
18 the more forrufjinous of the two formations, has been use.l as a prin<.ipal moans
of d.st.nsu.-h.n;. th.s,. ,„.„ ,,a,t- .,f th.. ...ri,- in th.. li,.].!. In a.l.lition, the
Jutohonor .s tlnnn,T-l.,..l.i,.i ,h.n tho Cnst..,. Witli ,n,-I, ,.rit,.,ia n-.rolv it i,
clear that iho niappin,.- of tlie-o for,nati..ns in ti,e fanlt-rivon nionntain masses
13 a delicate matter. The geological boundaries as shown on the man sheets
are thus to be considered as dra • n, in many instances, with more ,loubt than
IS tho ,-ase with the -liei^ts l.„-;it, ,, ,.,|,t of Cateway.
Tu.. of the -edinn.Mtary f.,r.nali..ns have ho,., nanie.l after stations on
the ( anadian Pacific railway: tho third, the Movie formation i, so called
after the nv,.r of tinit nan,,.. Ti„.ir ,.-tin,ated tl,i..k„,.-s an.l f.oneraI c.,mpo=i-
tn.!, an. ,i.it..l ii, the f..llowini;' table:
*'<"■"""'■<"'• rhickmss in Uet. Dominant rocks.
Top, erosion surface.
Kitchener : y. i: V. r.ldS n larTzlte''""-
20,765 +
Base concealed.
Creston Forjiatio.v.
General desrription.-Tho lowest member of the Pnr<.ell series and the old-
est formation sren in tho Boundary belt within the entire Pureell mountain
system has been named the f >, ston formation. Its best exposures Include the
one in and east of the lofty M,.Kin, cliff fonr miles from Porthill; a loss com-
plete one on the slope immc.liatcly east of the Movie river- an.l fin^ilb- tho
most favourable one of all. on the two sides of the wi,", valley occl.pio.'l bv the
cast fork of the \ ahk river. In each of these exposures the formation pre-
serves nearly constant char.aeters to the lowest bed visible: it is thus hiirhlv
probable that this gigantic sedimentary formati.,n is, a~ a whole, vt thicker
than the total mass actually nioas,,re.l in the fiel.l.
In ,liff..rent sections among the faidt-hlocks cl,ara..toristic „f the P,ireell
mountain system, estimates of from C.OOO to 9,900 feet were obtained for the
■. -^'im
uri'ouT (,r I III. viiiEf Asi.\;,\i>\n:i!
121
SESSIONAL PAPER No, 25a
:^';t,;''''''rr" ''';'''■• ';':-'■"■■'• ■'■'^^' '-■■•■'' ^--.v ,.,.,•,.,.,„„.„ ,.,.„„,,.,i,!v
'St.u.n. ,.nt,-n,p „t ,1,,. ( ,v,|..„ r.-k- ., ,i,.. V„l,, ,;,,,, n|,|, ,. „,.. ,.-,i,n.„..
npprnrs a unuunn^n thu-k of :..:,.„, (r., i- ,..-^„..,| ,„ „„. ,„r,n:,ti„M. Tl,„
-t,,,,at...,l,o,.....„„, ,., U'Nt^ .n:v,.,-,.. n n. ,.,-..-. ,1„. .,■,.„„„„ lin„
.It 'his l.jralM./.
i .-anMot 1... ,l,.„i,.,i ,lu,t tlu.,v ,n.,,v 1,.. -,„ l„,,li,,„i„n iu tin- ,KnTi,-uh,r
-rt,o„. I,ut „u t„. „t|„., |,,,„1. tl„. wri,,.,, alt..,- ..n-ful .,,„lv in th. li.M
'■■m.-l H,.t tl„. l.„-t hu.t nf ,l,„,lir;,ti..n. Si,„iL,ri.v. i„ „„.|, „,• , l,;,lf.,l„„,,
'. hrr .,vt„,n. ■„ M. „Kaiv .iitr,.,-,..,! r.nlt-M.H.N.. ,s ,nurl, ;,- :,. „, 70(10 tV.-t
..f the nptnrn,.! Cn -1..,, -lUMrt/il.. w,.„. ,H,.aMi.v,l uitl,.,nt ;n,v ,- ,„ n'n.liti,,,.
'■f -he l,e.l.. In -..v,.-,,! .•a„h-l,l.„.l.s ,I„. Mfnt.-, .,.,,,1 nvavlv v,,-, i,.,-,! :,„'l 'n',r;
nt nio.L-i,rati„n w,t,- iv-hi,.,.,! t„ a miniinuni. At M,-Ki.„ .litF. l,„„i .3fr,o
loot ol Moarly Imrizontal. typical (n.^tn,, aiv ,Np,,.,.,i ,,. ,„„. -w,, ,, .f the ,'.v,.
with n..,l,..r llu;. .nnunit ..r l,a.,. .,f tl„. r,„-,MatinM t.. 1.. f.,„„.I at ,h.-,t l.,,.,!,-,,.'
-V ftirth.-r .,Mli..atin„ that f,o I'unell -ori.-s. of whi,.h th,. (■.■.■.to„ „,ak,'.s
MP nearly one-half, is onorniously thirk. i. ,l,.rival,h. f,-,,,,, .\I,.|.:vov-. ro.0.1-
nn^san..,. n.ap ot ,h. Ea^t Kootwuy l.i,,,-!,.,.^- Th.. p sh„u> that a, least
3 00O srp.are .,ule. ot tho l'„r,...ll untai,, -y-t,.,n n.r.h of ,h,. Iio,„„larv is
almost eont.nuously ..mlerhun hy a ^iiieio,,. seri,-. ,.vi,|,.„tlv ,..|nivah-„t to that
cropping out at the Forty-ninth Parallel. The oontinnity of the colour repre-
^ontmjr tho s.-ries on the n,ap is hrokw. only hy pat.-h.., of .ahhr.,i,! i„t,.„-io„s
doubtless similar to t!io intni-ioiis -o
When it i< roniemhered that the roeks ^ „
much faulted and othenvise di^tnrled so as to pnseiit'a'
plentifully f..und in the I!o indary l>elt.
of the larjre aiva in Ka-t Kooteiiav
..f dip
to vertirahty. we see certain pro,,f that theM. eonf..rn,ahl,. .Tita must have
very sr'at total thiekn^.s. Tiiis .-.^nelusion may he eorrohorate.l l,v infonnation
won from even tho fleeting tilance one can piv,. to the ro.-ks that are visible
trom the railway train on the str.toh from f'ratd.rook to Kootenav Landin-
In minor de;:ree the rstin,at..l thiekn.ss of t'.e formation uiav var^ ae^-ordiir^
to the smnewhat arbitrary poition a^si^-ned at eaeh expo^ur,- to the upper limi";
of the Cnston. Tn every ease t!,e formation ^.Ta.lnally boeomes tnore ferrusi-
r.ous and thus passes slowlv into the overlying Kitcliener. The doubtful inter-
mediate band of strata often totals -..vera! hundred feet in thiekness The
top ot the Creston has i,een generally fix,,! within th,. band where the thinner
bedding as well as the rusty character of the K'iteh.ner iK^eomes pronouneed
in the quartzitie >trata.
.«.• ^".°"";''ol°o '/*"":. the writer b-lieves it to he U-t to trust the minimum
estimate of 9..';00 feet for the Creston as embo.lying the net balanee of ■> 0-
babihties denve.1 from the field study. It may be ad<lM that, in the opinion
of the writer, t us vast thiekness for a single formation i. not to be explained
as only the apparent thiekness of l,..ds neposit^.l in fore-set bed.ling as a sub-
marmo delta. The recent emphasis of L.eolc-r-ts on this .-,,nr.-e of error in
tneasuru...' the actual thiekness of a euistie fonnutbm i~ certainly justified.
• Accompanyinu Part A. Ann. Rep. Oeol, Surv.. Canada. Vol. 12, 1899.
122
hi.r \i:i MiM i,r itlh. isii.uioi:
■ 'i
- 'f
t \
Sf^n^ffT
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Fii till- pre- lit rase. Imu^'v. r, ilir rritiTi;! of inclihoil furc-sct i>i-c|<liiij,', in ooii-
t"a-l to |ii-|. -liiMllv hoi-i/oiiMl l.c'liliiiir on a -iiliriiiliu!.', flat sen-floor, do
not -ceiM tfj \iv mat' hill l.v ilir lacN. 'I'lie pnvaK m-c of sini-crark^. rippli -
marks ami . tlni- ^!lall.■^^ uatrr marking:- in the iicrroctly conl'orMialilc Kitc'i. m-r
and .M..yii" foriiiation-. n- w.-ll a- in ilir Cri'-lun foniialion in Irs^ (Icgreo.
apiioars |m -iio\v tliat tin- -la loiton ami lli- liciMinL' plam- of tlic -ami- ami
liiinU w IT nearly lovol tliroii-liont tla' il. |)o-il ion of tlio I'nrrrll -I'lii -.
'Ilir ('r(-i,.ii toniiati'in i> i.o iimr,' i\lraonllna|-y for iinmcn-c tliirknoss
tlian ii i- lor its «oii!rrfiil hoino;icMioity in any ono -t-rtion. 'riuTc i- a sijinal
absiiiiT o! well-inarki d lilhological lioii/iin-niarki-r-. Tio mari-l |)arallcl
to tlii< lioniom-nrity ainonj;- the Donndary fonnations is that nfforded by the
basal arl-o>o nioinhcr of the Crolarcon- -cotion at ihr Ta-ayt' n rivrr. 'I'lic '■ rk
of *tvoiiy hori/on-iini;Ucr- is not to ho i xplaiiiod hy tin hn-k of :5iifllrlcnt ont-
Prop- ; til lioqnoni rci-urri'iii-o of ilic ('nstun fork- anioiiL' flic fanltdilock-.
coupk-d with iho rxoi llcncr of oxpo-iiro for portion^ of the formation in each
larfie oiiicio)!, rcmk r it iiiiprohahlc that important hands of rock ot'iur than
the .-taplc (|iiartzit<' have hi en ovcilonkrd in the Pionmlary holt. The forest
cap interfere- mueh more with determination of total thickness and nf the
larjrer ^trnctnral leat\ires -iicli as faults and folds, than with the study of the
details ol e,,iiip.isit ion. X'-ither in -lidi- rock imr'in fjravels of the eatiyon-
streains of the areas mapped, as underlain by the Creston, was any other rock
discovered in lar;ie anionnt than t'lo-e which arc the dominant component- of
the Cre-ton (luartzite a- hereafter dc-erihrsi.
While relative hoinofreneity characterize- the formation from top to bottoni
at any one exposure, noteworthy changes in its constitution were observed as the
Boundary hell was travirsul from wi-i lo e.i-l. The rre-lon as outeroppinp
in the Ifoyie range and western lialf of the Vahk raniro thus stands in a certain
litholojiieal eoiitra-t to the -umic ronnal imi 'vher, it crop- ojil farther ea-t.
For the nnclerstandiny of this important fact if i- convenient to r<coj;iu;'.e two
different phases of the formation in the I'nr ell mountain sy-tem -a wc-tern
and an eastern jihase.
Western I'liasr. — At ^IcKini cliff and in the onterops immediately east of
tlie crest the material was larfrely L'athered for the following description of
the Cre-ton lormaiioii in a typical -eetion ri pi'e-eiil inu the we-iern plia-e.
In the elitf if-clf the stajjle rock i- a very hard and loiif;h ipiari/iie. Ineal^-
ing with a sonoron-, alino-t metallic rint;'. The individual hed^ va;'. from a
few inche- to twenty-five feet or more in thiekne-s. averaein^ )ierhaps three
feet. Very often the more massive plates are seamed with thin dark-pray
laminae of onee-arsillaceons quartzite or mctarsillite, but true shale or slate was
never seen in this part of the section. For 2.riOn feet measuri'd vertically np
the cliff the quartzite. which dips 3^-10" ea-tward. is sjiecially ina-sive. pivinL'
the effect of -nperb ivelopean masonry, broken horizontally by widdy spaced
beddingr-plane- and hroken vertically onl.v by master .joint-. Toward the top
of the cliff the rock is -omewhat thinner-bedded, but i- still a -troiiL', ty|iical
quartzite.
in.f'iHI ill I'll I III! i \.- , i;i>\,,:il i; 123
Si;i;;0\AL PAPER No. 25a
Ihr ilMmiiiiiiit I'ciliiur nii fresh t'riicluii'- is throughout };ra.v r.r ^^roeuish-
i;ri-. '^ .^ilirr-iii- i., n -. .iii,a\ li ■! lii;liiiT Uiii .>: M.-,.rh pun :ir,i>. A i.-,' w,,;;,.
lu- ,r,i> 1-h » hiir l.r.l- ,.,-.-Mf iiT. ruhirl^ tlimuiih tli.' i'mimiuiI iiUi ;iii.l. ;ii-.i r.in-i\
K!'tviii-h-Kr:i.v hfils wo.ithi'i-p.l lijrlit rusiv-hmwii or yv(V
rpsfiiilili- t>|iii-iil ICiti-hi'ih r iiuiii'tzili
I[.;.vi.r 1,. Is
ih-lu-o\vii. po as to
i-iuirivl.ri/r the I'.u-uiiil i^n wli.r.- ii-
ii'.<\i'i 1 1- i.- '-lull ;i"H[-izr inr i.u-uiiuU'ii wii.r'- i!- n|i|'rr |i,irt i-rMp- 'Ut
ju^t i-a-l lit' thf .•lilf. That sn Ml- I., lo the ruh- t'(.r ihc (iuaM/i:i- .L;.n( rally as
it i- .'NiKi-i-d in the I'ui.-i'll i':in;;c: [\u- I-cMIul:- i- lhi.-k an.l iiia--i\i' iu ih. i,,|i
nii'l h.ittfuii .liw-ions ani t 'liiiiicr-lT.Mr,! in lla^ luiiLllc .li\i-iMi, ,,l' ih. -liata.
■fl 1 .... . ...1 .: 1 . 11 .■ .. .
i-vi-v, ari' iiiiwhrrr i-'MititiU'Ui- ciH.uuh I ■ alh'\\ ol' a tr--t
wi.itliy <-Mu at. of t! f iriatiM' -In-nylh of ili,..,
-liouv i-i'o---hoi|ilinL'.
i'\|P"-UI'o-. I|. u
IV <-Mu at. .if t! f iciatiM' -In-nylh of ilii.., thn.' .l;\I-i.u
Thi- si'.lim.ail soiiii't iiiii'-;. tlmuLrh quit.- ranlv. -li.
I III- M-'mn.-m mimhm illif-.. inoui.'^ii .|Ullt' IMlia\. *n"\v-^ fl o^^-iK'i 1.1 iUL^.
Sim-i.Ta. •!■;-, 1 il'-iuark-. ripi)h'-ina!'k-. an.l ami. li.h' liui-r..u- w.t. niu i.l. nlili..! in
a siiiL'k' case airioriL tlio strata cxpo-cii ..n M.-Kini rlitl'. l\l-i\v hi r.- within tin-
BfiUli.larv li It th(>-i- niiirhillfrs wi'iv fciin;.); lanlv in ih. .I.n.ina!!: .|aai'!/il, .
but 111. .re partii-uhirly in the inrtar^illii i.- h. ri/..ii-.
111. .IT partii-uhirly in the inrtar^illil i.- h. ri/..ii-.
Ali'i'aily in tho han.l-s|K'.-iuuii~ iiuii\(>rir.i< urliut- ..f I't'lit fi-oui n.iii i
cenus partii'h'* suff-ust tliat the nx-k i- hiiihly I'l-hlspalii;.-. At ih<- saiiir tiin.' n.
is Si I'll t'int tho i;oii('i'aI i;fi'i ni-li tint ,.\ ti,i. i|uart/.it. i- .in- t., ili--i-.niinaiiil
ininiit. phlti > aial -hii.My t'.il- ..f iiiii-a. Thi - ,,l.-i i\ mI i.n- ai-. i-iU!!irni. 1 hy
niici-iisiTipii' i\aininatiiui. Inl< rlnokiiii; i|iuir!/. fi l.l-i.ar, an.l mi. a an. mmu t.i
v^ ♦!. .-,...*:.. I *:. ^: i, i- .i. . • .. a ■ i i . ■ ^i i- i
be till' rsscnti.al oim-titu. lit-. I'au-li .f tlir-o mini ral- i- j;la — '.-h ar i
spi'i'iniiii,-. ()rthiii-l
n t.
- . .... , .. ,,, .1; t'lL' rn>-.li
ii'i'ini.ii,-. ( )rthiii-hiM . iiiiiUMrlin. , iiiirrupirlhiti-. uliii'i.'-l.i-.'. ami jirnhaMy
albitc luakf up tin' li-' af fihi-pnr-. Of tln-i ...■ihnrhi-i ai .1 m ;.a npirthiti- arc
tho ;iin-t ahuiihint, thouiili it i- 11..1 n I'taiii tliat, in anv -pii-iuun. tlir nthor
fold-pars i.f thp li-t arc ah-«i.i. '\' ■.{■ miiM iiu-luih - li..th hiiihly j.h hinii'
biotiti' and iiiii?f'oviti', the lattia- hiln? either Wrii ili'V.li.pnl in plat.- oi- in
tho typirnl shro<is of soriritc. In sonu' -jiorim. 11- tla. l.i..liir i- thr niiirr alnuid-
ant of the two riiioas but in nthrr- it 1 opoiik's suhr riliiuit. ,.. nni-i'o\ it*, ainl
may disapfx ar alfofietbor.
Otlier I'on-titnonts are \ ■ ry -uhordinati- ; tlay iiirlii.li' rar.' anlu'dra ..f
titaiiito, titaiiifcrous inauiietitc, pyrito, ipidotp and znisitr.
Tlio quartz and feldspar grain- vary from Oci? iiini. t.. n l' mm. in iliaimter,
avoraaing' ix'rhap.s O-Ofi or O.tK mm. The 1< iii;th- ..f the miea -.-ah- aii- ';<a 'iy
n. ac'll ureater. Thousrll few direet tr^iees of ela-tie form are left aiieni;
t .nerali', it is probable that tli(-o diinen-ioiis repr.-enl appro.ximal.Iy t!io
size of tlio original frrnins. The texture of tin- quari/ite i- ihu<. quite llni in
the typo s|>oeiinen- a-, iiidoi'd. throufrhoiit all the expo-me-: i: all the th..r.Mn.|s
of feet of tlilokm-?- no ponsrlomeratie. pritly. or e\en vi i-y enai-'^e ^aiely hed
was =e< II.
It is an o]Hai qtievtion. perliap-. whetlier tai- roi-k sh.uil.l he eajl. .1 a
qii;irfziti- if by that torm we mean an indniate.l -ai.!<totie The a\er.iLO
quai't/: L'rain is mii.-li t^o <:niall t.. have f..riiiod oriiiiually a tree -and. In fa.-t
the iveriifre i:rain i.f the r..ek i- n..t m.ire tliaii on.. i.ne-th..^-aiidth a- laiL;-
.1- rl'.- averaii-e iiraiii ..f typi.all bea.-h .sail'l. Th,. naim ' .|i;a! ' -it.'. ,-el..pn .1
■» i
124
III I-MIIMLM 1,1 lin: IMi Uli'lt
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
t^'.V JIoKvn\-. l)i'\V-ll|] ■,11,1 ,,ll,,.i- I.. .1 I ,
t'^;:::; :;:i'r:;;::";.:^i:^:™;,u;':;;,r; -;;;■:;: ::7'' '■-•'-"
"<■•■:'"■«'"-" •■( ' »■■.. ,j.i„:„ I. iJ ,.,:'' ":,' '"
feet ut i!„. ( ivstoi, f,,rnuui,,n. Th,. <|,K-ti,,n n-i-,.- ., t ,1 , ■["'<- >t
-hi.-!. ,.,M.I,„I ,.|.,y h.s l....„ ,1„„ -,, „ ,-,, ^h " ""■,'"':'■''-"■'" ''y
«ir;;:;:;:^:£:;-;;rk'S-:;;;,;„;';,;"-,z::-
the ,,...p-.a ,l.,„,-,u a„ a,vo,n,. ..f a,„ „„„1 „,,i,.|. ,.|„.,„i,..]i; • ,, "
..in.[ |i.ii,i,li|- .111., ,\,'t ^liow vital <-nii(r:Nts. Thi< nn.l,I,.iii ,-,f
""■li::";;: '■;■ "„■", ';; ""■ ""* '"""""■■ "'■■■ ■■' ■'- '"'■■'' -." '•
' ./-;,,:ir::;i;;;:V':;:,;;:i»";:'':v'::i; ;:* ''':j;s:;!: t yt"'"-"-
l^\\l> H(I w lldll -fTU'Q -till ■». - AT x.« 1 11^
.•on.e.n,,.„ti„,.,..„.eX;;o;;,,.:;:,M;;r:,,:r''"'' '■'"" ''""" '"-'■' -■''"
^•noous q.nrtzi,.. from ^r.Ki,„ Hiff .^avo the following, r.^ult-' ' '""""
^tud; J';"Vu'wa;\?rVT„:;Tro^„r.'^,*.^ 'f- l^-' opportani.y to
and other formations oon.posinK tl.rifoVkv \rnnnt-.i^ <•„ '^'■' V- *'l'^ C^>'^*'^n. Kitohon.-r.
thKknessPs of phjIUfos. ,h\or\tr%hX\-r"on ^M^^ «r,.a
mica schists «ere found in this prric tian te?rane .s '„ '• r"f "rr.' "'i',' ^"•^-^■•^""•xt
In Kcneral these rocks are abmidantlv h ,rlp 1 »f*h '^"'"'f'' "' f''»' Shuswap lakes,
niinuto individual crystals (aniedra I), rin^T f^I '^•'^"'I'iar.v <,„art;! developed in
the more soluble micas, chlorite talc ,.ratB?fn^'^Vl''l'" ?•""''"'"« "f ^'"'1 •'".•k"
resistant quarts „nd alkaline feldspir wo hi be Vashl'j ^ 'T^'""'' ""V""' ♦'"> '""f"
inclined to credit ihis exi.lanntinn nf tl,„ r • ^'"''"™ 9"^ ♦" «'a. The writer is
to form the thick, ver/dre ^rrt" tes r^f'hrcTmbH n "^ 'T" <'"-' 'i'lat^d
rich content ot microcline and microperthite re^enteH Beltian formations. The
tions of the liitter can be explaine .Td ,e tn fV.» -" -' '''""'"'■^'T' '" •'"' descri,,-
^:ni;^t-'-^r ,^i^3££|^^T"^t ^
Beltian granite: its d.b4 is a.so'^^;::;?!:i\:^ fe^'^li^^lllis;'^^^;^;^ Ijre-
liirr,i!i 'ii liii ,111,1 s.^i i;,,\,,\i, i; WT
SESSIONAL PAPtR No. 23d
. I „'(/,/>/., „'■ r,, ,/„„ ,,,„„■/■,;/,, l^.■^^,•H /•/,„,..
t1^:; ;; s^"' i'*w
Al.(i •'" ••Xl'
i-pa.. .. ■ :: ; ^-f' •'i'^'
Mno:.: ■.■...•;.■, 't "'^
(•.I() -^ •"'
Na.O.. .. . .,-J,- ■'»'»
K.O 2' .,,10
ii:(j at iio'c. . ■. -■'! •''-"
Mi; .w HOC. ;.■:.•■..■■,;■.;•.;■.:■.:•.: .■.:;.■: ;; :!!i: :^.;
'•■'• .1)1
' ' *•' 2-681
Assigning :ill „i' tljo s,„Ja i,, tlie iill.ito moUrule, on.' half of tli,' liiu,- m rii.
anorilul.-, tl,f olhc,- l,:,lf „f i, ,„ tit.iiiit,, ::,,., til,-. . |.i,l„i,.. :,,,i /.-i-i..-. •!, '
woi-ht Mrniit;,g,.s ,,f il,c ,-,,ii.ii-ii,ti. mil,, nil- luiv, l,,.,-,, r-wliN ,•;,!, -il ,.,.,'
as f,,!i,.w-: -
• Quartz
All, III. IlKlltKuli... .. '.'. '.'. ".". '. V.
OrtluMJase iii,,li'tn|p '. -,*
Aiioitliilc tiioliRulp
.Miia..,, ca _ ;
Accessorit'^ \ ;,
\m
It is ,|i,it,. i.o>.>il,l,- tlini :, ,-,,i,M,|,.rai,l, lr.„ti,,i, ,,r i!„. .,„|,, -i„,.,i,i ■, ■
assigned to tlio suricite ;in,l ,.v,.u tluit piiriii.^,nit,' its,.lf i.. |,r,.s,.„t JL.uvv.^r
fmni lm,■r,,^,■„,M,. ,.vi,l,.n,v it i, pr,,!,,,!.!,. that th,. -,,.la-!VI,i~|,ar in,.i,.,-,ii,. i- tl,.
pnncip.il ^umvv <,f this alkali. 'I'h... minrral jmiv, iiiair,., ,nv. th,.r,-|-.,r.' Im-H.-v.-i
to b,. ii,.arly , muiuh ao.'.ir.ito ti, .uiv,. a fair i,l,.:i ,if th,> ,.,>inpM.i, i,,,, ,,.• .|. ■
avorasr,. cpiai-t^it,. it i. cl,.ai-Iv a ,p,it,. hii:hlv iVM-paihi,. -, ,!ii,„.ni.
Th,. ,,iily ii,-tal.l,. variation from tin- -.nrra-.. ,.,,nip,i-iti,.n .,1 ih- typi.-T
<iuarl/iM. 1. I„„.„l ;„ t|„. thin, ,larU.r. i,„,r,. mi-a,-, ,,ns an,l l,v,-;,L;i„..„- l.„m,. i.^
whi,.|i ottcii i,it,.rnipt th,. ,l..miiiaMt li^ht «Ta.v .piartzit,-. TI,,..;,. lamina-, v.irv-
iiiff from a conthMotrc or less to several roiitiin.-tro.? in thiciaicss oft,-, hav-
the liabit of na-iaiyillit , l.nt n-ually th, y aiv -., a,-i,l a- t,. rank an.-o.. ;l-.i
impure i]nartzit(-s.
Th,. sp,..ili,. :j|.avily ..f th<. anaiy/e,l -|v ,-iiin.|i. l'-IM i- .„-,,. ,1, . . ,. „
for th,. -tapl,.. li.h, „.ay ,-,.-k. Tla- av,.n.^,. t..r 1,-n .pe.-iiu.-n- tv,,i-a ",/^".
whole wi-st, rn plia e is l'-HIK.
Th- .,! otony of t'„. w,.-t.rn pin,., i- -,-l,k.m l,r,,k,-n \.v tin apn, ,, ■.,.-.
of any litl:ol,,';i,.al in,velti,s. . , - ■ .
At a few h,.rizoiis the nii,-ae,-..iis iiiat,.rial of the roi'k i- „...r it,.,i •■,,--
flitl,i,e,l -i'-er,.i.lal or m. r,. irregularly -ha|,e,l. ,-,-„, -n.tionarv ',-*!., , ,,•■■,,■■
size. .,p to a r„-,t ,,r na.n- i„ ^vltk. -H,, .,.„at.-t ,liam,-t,.,- ,,1 ,j„. o..u.rr,C.
126
hi I'.ttn Ml \ r I, I I III i\ I
I l.li'H
til.
ft;
2 GtORGE V,, A ^■2
. :'""■' ^''Wiii.ri.iy 1^ . ,„ tl.,. |,L,l:.. ,,i l.J.lin... Ti,. 1,. .-. ,.• , 1,1, .,.,,, , .• „
'■ •••;"■ ;^'">- '■''■!: ;" '-'i" ..m.i .,n,.i,i,. ,„u«.■..^iN.. n,,;, ,„,,;„ ,„,,.. ;;■„;,„.
Io-,..| nf „ ._, ,M.l, wl,i,,.. ur !,„• I.:,.. „f int.rl„.kMr.. ,r.nn. .,f .,,..,■./ .,,,.1
■uK,,,-.l,,.„,. ,,M.,,;,,, |„ ,,|,i,.|, ,,,. ,.,„l,„,|,|,„, ,K.,,„|„„, ,..„„,,i,,,„„. ,■„;;. „f
'''"'■ """".'•; ■■• """■ '■'■ '■■ ", .li;,i,.,., ,-. .,n.l n..,„^ l,:.l,lv |,..,kil..:. ,,.,1
*■'';■■'"■'"■ "■"'' '"■•*■"• ^n,l„,lr, f li i,,.. 'n,,. ,„;„.ri;,l ,,f tl„. .l.rk-.,|...r.-.l
"'";"■•''■ -.l'l^""'v ,„i. ,■:,., ,i inuar.l f,„m , .■ .,.n Il„. r.. !; ,„:,- f,,,.
.•i.'ll M.M,v;;„N.„ i. ,„. |..-..,| ii, „ ul.lh. ,!,r,,|,.i,rl..v,l -|;Mi ,,| ,|;,:,n/;I,. ,- 'j.,-
...-' ..fM,.,,rly ,.„,,. ,,.,„r(/ ,n,l f,.|,l.|.„'. [„ ,.,.1, „f ,1,., hn^.^.r ., .,', t-.r ,.„.
tl.r. in,,,, .,,,,1 ,,,,,,,, ,r.. ,Ht r.KM|.,.l.v ,ii-iMi.,;|,.i ui,l, rHV,-,.;,,-,. •,, ,h,>
!"''''"''\'"" '"• '" ">"n.T.n. - 11 ,.li„„|,v :,.,„,,,„. ,vl,l,i„ ,1,„ ,,.,„
""'■■ "' ";■ ^-■•'■^^"'•■•;- I" >^"n„. ,,f ,1,„ -„.,1|.,,. -,.,,.,..., i,.„- tl„. ,„|,.,. :,n.
I'""";' '^■•"'" 'i'-lni.Ml,.,!, in u ,„„„,„,,. .i,„il,,, ,,, ,|,^„ ,,u„,.,,„| ;, ,„.-,.,„
Ill lllr l\i|.|„.||,.,- (llurf/itM. ■
At _„ f,.w othrr li,.n/..n. ,|„ |Vl,N,,;iil,i,. .piurt li,- 1- -|,,,ii:,l,.,| «,,1, ],,
l-i.-.nt,. t.„ls ■,,, to I ,•„,. i„ , „„„, Th.- .■!,, .,.,,„. ,i„, |„„|,li„„ |,i,,, "„
nil illi'-'N-._ llio rvnis,. „f ll,.ir i;r„« ti, ,,,„! ..f ,l„.i,. ,.,.-t,iH i,,,, t.. m v,.,■^ inni..',!
iHin-.-^;t -l,-.,ta in tl„. ,,v.f. n,■Plllv.ltl^ 1„,„h.o, ,„ ,„i- „,■:,,. i, ,„„ ,„,,.,.
",'"."'■ •^'•".1"'- -I i^il .l.Mi;i.ni.' i,„.|:„„r,rphi-„, ,„„■ t|„. tl„.,,„,,l Mict^ii,.., ,.i,i„„
..I ,.„,.,,,, ,n.n,<.vos «v,v lV„.ii,l.. ,.vi.l„„a,i,„K f,,,. ,1„. ,, ,|,„, ,|,„r,,;„. „,
til. I....,l„;,.. wl,,.,-,. ,t w„. ,„.,„„ll.v ,li-,.„v..r,.,l. A- . ,.„!, ,l„. (>.,„„ .„,,i,e
H I... I..v,,l. lM,t in th,. f„„h.i,|,„.k M t„. M„yi,. riv,.,' tl„.,v i- . ,|;-,ir,..t
'■liiivii-,. .■.•,,-.ii,p- tlio l.,.,l,liu!.' plan.- at ,v!ativ,.|v 1 ,xv ai-l,- h, fi,;, ,■■, ,.
ftrifif,. IS (]..vi.lopp,l i„ ||„. sr.w„„l,„-.v |.lan,-~ a. «>11 a< :ilr,ni; tl„. l.rd.lh.t'.
/;(7.s7tn, /'/,„>■,., Tlie «vstcn. i.l.as.. just, ,l..s,.ril„-,| ,-l,arart,.,-i/,.. tl,.. i..ni, ,-
ti(.n a- ,f .n.p- ..nl ^, tla- O.Min.lary I ..Jt Lrtuv,.,, I'.,i-rl,,ll a,„l tn.- M.m,. .^,.,-
Ka-tua,-.l 01 tlu. ri ,.,• th.. ( 'r-.s!..,, i^fH.lnally a-.,„ tli.. iVatinv. ul,i,.l," „.,',
ii.Tnu.l ... tl.o .».>.,„ pl,a„.. Ylu. iatl,.r i. t>pi..a]!y .|..v,.|.,,„.,l at fl,o Va],k
I1V.I-. u-hvr.. th.. f. inati..ii liiially .l!-.app,.ai < l.,.|„.atl, x,,Mny..r f....k-
l-he nv.st inipoi'tant ]ith..l..^.i,.al ._-„ntra.ts with tl..- uo-i. r.i phas,. ..,.n-ist
ni.--t,i-t a .i.,.„l<..| ,I....,.,.aM. in th.. av,.raf.-.. thi..kn,.- ,,f th,. h,.,].. „ft,.n h.a.linc
»'^ I' tin,- h.nnnati,.,, at tnany hf.rizon.-: s...-..n.lly. a p.„n...,.„.,.,| in,.,...a-,-. in tlio
'im„„nt ..t ari.illa.....,.,, n,att..r which h..n. f..n„- ,„a„y .li-tin..f l,...U a.,.'. -.No
"C'-m- a* a notahh. in,pn,.,ty i,, tho .till .l-aninanf .p,art/il,. ; an.l fhir.llv t Ho
appr-afan..,. ..1 ..h1,.,„„, an.l mapn.^.inn, ,.a.'h„nat... a~ s„I,o,..linaf,. ..h.m..nt- in
Mh the .martz.te and the in.,ro afpilha.,.,.,,. -trata. Th.. i,„.n.a^o „f the
<-arb,.,,atr. tnanifcn- it9, If in the ro.-k-h, !«..-, whi.h. ,,n a.-.-ount ..f th.- -.K.-i-,]
^..lubihty „f ,1,0 ,.arhn„at.... i„.,.-ent. t.. si^rht a.,.1 t..n,.h. a .-hat-a.-t. fi-t !.• r,,,..h-
nes^ on weath,_.r,..l s„rfa.^,.s. I„ ......Tal. th.- ..ai,.i„,„ ,.a,l,„„ar ,.,„. „ i ,.'{„
-onif. exff>.s -ver the nia;.ii..<ian ..arh,.i,af,.. a- -h..wh l,v a ..,.,.tai„ .,„,.,., .-,f
fff.rv.?,',-!!,.,. wit'i ....1(1 .lilnfo acid.
Tn ..ivh.r ,o .,l,fain a .h-rtnit,. i,l,.a a^ t., th,. .■,.:„p„.i, I„„ „f ,1,.. ,,.,,,.„
Pha-.. typ,. sp-enncn^ w. r.- ..olh^.-t.-.j at the Yahk viw,- -,.,■, i.,, .,„,| 1,,,, ■„,.,.„
.tiri;... rni..r.,>,f.plnally. 0,„. „f th.-^e >i.,.,.inifn-, tak. ., t>..n, a hir...- • -rop
JKl^*
i:ir<<i:i ni 111/ : <i : , , \.^i i;i,\,.\n 1: ia7
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d
■" ll"' < ■■■inlMi--l..ii ti;ill. .liuil . !„■ ill, .11-1111.1 Viii-'l- w. -t ..f til.' iiiiili, t'..ik .if
liic ii\i'r. hii* i.. ,11 rliriii|.'iilj\ iih.ily/.-.l |u ,1, ..-i-lpii. I. ui!| .,,,,. t., -I|,.w
tiic t'.'M.iMl iKil.ir.' ..f llii. t,\| i,al .al' iiiv.-ii- |.iirl .-f ili. !'..irii;,i i.,i^
On til,, fr.^li fnii'iiin. til.' r.M^li i> jii-ht ■jr.iy. c.,,ii,|.:irt, mihI tiim-l..-.i.l. ,1. tli..wL-h
I'l.ily ''!■ :iu-, ..|' th.- .■■■111. lit a^.ll ,.!' Miaiiv laiii'ii,,.- ,.|' ^.irviir..' .■..tii|. .-ii L.r
Tile u,athir,.i -urla.-. i- ■iiarallA ..I' a -till pal. r i^i ,v . .■|.,,ir, l.iit I'.t a .1. i.tii
of one or Iw.. iniljiiiii'lf- bi-l.iw the <iirl'aci' tli.Tf i-i usually a slicll nf iiltiTe>I
rock ..I' a l.r.iuii ..r Imtf ..■l..nr. Tli.^ •[•■.•n|,,iiri/.at i.iii at 'lir -iirra.^, i- ,1mii1i,1,..^
nil vtiV.I ,,'■ l.a.liiii- l.\ \ci:,.|ai.K^ a. ■!.!-.
''ii'l'i' 'li ■ iiii.T.i-.-'.p.^ \\v T'f\< i- s.cii t.. 1.1 !ii|i,i-ivl nt' .•arlii.MaU .i.
quart/, f.|.l-|,iii, -.■riciti.' ini.^a. a littl.' n^-.-n l.i..'i'.'. an. I -mall L'raiii- ..f
lim.initi/.il ir.,ii ..re. 'I'h.-i. .•..n-tiHi- nt- arc naiiicl in th.^ .ir.i. i •■< .1. .t. a^iiij;
aliilii.laii.c. The .•ari.ciintc trniiiK vary rr..m O.dl niin. .r 1.-^- i,, n n:; nun. iti
iliniiiet.r an.l a^cniiif iiLmit O.liJ iiun. Tliey iicvor ainiiai- t.. li.ivc rlifiiii-
liulio.lral iicvc|..piii.^iir. The quartz ati.l fcl(l*par jrraiii- which ar.'. dniihtlc-:?,
ill lar;,'c-t part. ..f cla-tic ..riiiin, vary I'r.'iii ll.ii2 miii. t" n-l nmi. ..r uu.r.' in
(liaiiictcr. avi raf:iii(; al t (1.0)! inin. Tlic (loiiiiiiaiit mica. -. ri.^it.-. i- ii.,t iji--
tributccl niiilVirinly hut is iiio-t .■ilinn.laiit in rather sharply .Ictin.'.l laiiiitur of
specially tine Liraiii. Stieli lainiiac won' evi.leinly tiii.re purcK aririllaceoiK
tlinii I'le reinainilcr nf the rocl;. .Vo true ar^'illa iii- material I'an I.e .lis-
eern.'il in tliiu -tvli.n; the seiliinent has he.^n v.-ry lary ly re.^rv-tiilli^c.l and
its itisejiilili' l.a-o is a nietarL'illite.
The per.-eiitai:^ s in Prot'cs.si.r Dittri.'h'- .•hiiiii.-al aiialy-is . -p. clna^ii X.i.
117!') are n.it, vci^y .HtFerpnt from tlM.se r in^rhly .ii-ln.'o.l fr..iii ini.-ri.-.'opie
.»tiiily:
Aiiiiliisi^ ../' Iiipi sj,, r'uiiin . ('r,^l„ii fiii-mnliiin. Eashrii I'lci.^r
Mel.
"''■' 5r«5 .so:
^. 7-8.1 •1)77
1-71 .nil
-98 (111
■ '• ;t-«7 .(192
1.1-02 -2»is
..•^vl' 2-»;9 -nu
K5O. . 1.3,S ./n.^
iijo at im- . .. .. .. ,. ;; :: '.0,, ^^^
H.^O aliiive 11(1 0. ].81 .km)
^'O: 13.0,-, ..i])7
99-93
S^P- «r 0.654
Insoluble in liydrochloric ac id fiC-2r'„
Soluble in livilrdchloiio a. id:
F<'-:0-,.. .'. 1.92
A 1.0. 0.02
^"iiO ; 12-88
Ms-"» 2-11
As-iRninir the s.iluble lime ami inap-i e-ia to lie- .arl... nates, i],,- remain, ier
of the lime to the am.rthite mole nil.-, the so, la t- tl;e alhite m.,;c,-iil,,. the
12H
!!
'I
i>i i-\i;iMi M ,,i nil iMi iii,,i!
2 GtOKGL V . A 1912
:H::■:^::^;::;.,:J:'::'■;::,;;;::::;':;,l-,:;:r''-■■ - --
(^i.irlz
A Hull' riKiIrr lilii.'.
niil„„.|,,„. „i„|,.,.|,|',,'
AiH.rlhit,. tii,,|,., ,,!,. ,
^l.iBiielii,.
• 'ukiuin .ill liiiniil,., .
MiiKrir-uiiii (iirlj..iii,t...'
I'l'iiiiMliilcr. . ,.
ri . .ili'ii|,i|,.,| |,,|. ,1
'.'.VS
iio
h;i
i(i>
'i\i»
j (1
fli K' II l;ll !■
k'u-.\[ .nrnihi.iii,
rai-i'- tlh
limn
■ I till- V..-K. ■■■■
■lllill lllill,|-;il..-
I, , . . , '"■ "IH\|,r,.|r.| nl.llli.l; , , . | ,|„. „„|, ,,„ ,:,,
...^..Jii'r;;';;;^;:::,.^:;;:';::;;!:^
<-'li,-ml,.;ill.v ;,i„i iinii,.r,il,)i!ir:,||v i;„. v..A- I,, , • ,•
r":::'::::';::;-.::i::,::;;;;:,;-H: ■•'"-
"■■'■■"■'"I "I""- 'I- Ai I A,,. :.,„„, ,■:;.,, ;,;'"'■■
Km HI \i.i: I'niM
'litr,.,-,.,,.... i„.,..„.„ „,o ,u-., :, r „, ,,/ , ; ; , r'' "';' ": '"'"■'•;-'-
,. ^' ■"■ '"ii^'iiiciit Mil, I iii-trihiiv,. I ,.,,,,,, ,1,,, ,•„.,, , ,
Wn ,iin„„.,| ui,h ,1... ..X,,,.,.-. r,.,- „i ;,v ,, ^''l''''^^;- ■•^'"-:". Lav,
3 ,.nd -1.)
l-llll HIM-- .,(■ iIn- ICit.'llPii,
r. I S,-.. iiiai. -li,>,.t- X,,^.
»flLuMlN«; « ."
'^|Pr'jf77:'iipr.1W!SL .^^.-''-r'-:!?''^;--.
'•■'•'■'"■'' '" ''" '/'/■/ (>//,'o\„ !;//,•
19»
SESSIONAL PAPLR No l>5d
.-"^r:tr',.;:;;;;''-:,::-::^';.,--'H~::::;i:w::',;;
l—r.A ■.. i ,|,„,. ,,.„,,„„„ ,1 "'■ '"-I' ■■"■■• '•■
' ".tio... i,i ,„ .,f ,„,,1,„' , ', *■"""'""■ """ ' '"' ''
""i.i..f|..r.I,l,i,i, T,i ■ " '"; ' ' '"• "" ■'■""
:i?;u;r'^;;:i,:;;::,;:;;:r;::::::::; >:-'V'':':^^
mu..h ,„or.. ihna s,h.o ,■..,, ,|,i, 1 K '" ' ""■ '^ "^
'- .h,.y „ro n.;. ;;.: 1' „':;'• :;■';; "•:-;-' "i -'7 h..,.,
y I- ^-.p,,! i,„„ ,„,„,: v,"^"'""' 'ri" "',""■ •'''""- ^— ^■
■•-^ruhirl.v Krav or ..,,.,.,,,.1,.: , , , / '"■ ""'"' '"" ' '"'- '""^ ^•-k ''^
'lark,.P ,h,u. U.at .:i^ n'^^ < v!, ' ii, J,^'' "^r"'-"' f^ 'I'" '".'- ' ^'Hr
rust,v.brow„. i„ ,.l,anu.t..n-.,i,. •. ,, t ,„. 'i "'■■"'":".'' ^'"•''"•" ''^ ^"•'-'
and i„t..r.,...M,..l n.o.ar.illi,... ,! ^ "..";; ^TrTr '" '"■"' " '!'^^'"^
overlying M,.yie for„,„ti„n " ' '" '■'""""■" "' '" ''"'
••olour of tlie rr.ck i. dno "a,i., ,,r,. n.n.or o„„st,t„Pnt<. Tlw r„-tv
r:";;',;'T,,;rr:' ::;;;',''"■. H ''""•-"-m™. i".;::™;' ;;;;;;
''"*" hi run III \i ,,i I Id i\ii i;i,,i!
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
irnm our. „„„. ,., „:; „„„., ^i.l. ,„ ,-.., ,„ ..,.,„ ,„ „„ ^„ „,
"I iiiiii.
Mr .\L \.\ Connor m..l.- tl„. i„||„„inu u.mI.v-,. ..f ., ,,,, ,,,| , i„,..„ (s„
ll.i,.) ..f tl,. .„mrt..to. t:.k.u „...r ll,. Il,„n„l.,r, ,„o,nMn..n, „„ ,|„. )'„„,,„,
moiinliiiii iiiiMifclialcly w. .it ot' i],,- .\|,,\i,. i\y,., :
.t//-i///M» .,/■ I\,l,l.,„, ,■ ./,,„,■/:,■/,,
M.,r
8.(1 '• '•• *•
Tuc "'■"" '>•; ■'■M
A «i:;. ■.,•;.■; v. n'."--' '""
M.i(» ., • ■• ' ! ■"'-• ••■»*
i^' .:::.;::::; ;•:;::; ,:i :,,, ;•„.
&::::/:::.-:.:::/:.-r:, ,,;!:: •;;)•; .■:»
K l\ '-^ 111 I J- l7
iWv«. n..r ., '■:!•; <"• i '«
I'll . .. -. 1 .'II .(Mi, |.s;
V.Ti •'■■ ...J
'■"• -IJ .tmi
"• • •' .'tiWI
Tl"' "Ni.i.- pn.|.,,tli..,„ .■„nv,p„:.,l ,., al.,,,., :,j ,,.,. ,..,,t „, ,,,,■ ,|n.rl.. 1,
.> .lithMill I,, .-al.-iilaU. lor tlL,. ,,||„.r r..n-!itM,„i ,. larirolv 1 ,iu-r tlu. ..xa.'t
.ll-tril„ai„n ..I tl,.. alkiili,..s U „„t. kiumn. If all thr M.-la l,,- a«-iKiH-.| t„ tlw
nllut.. Mu.l.vnlo. lIuM tVMspar un„l,l ,„ak.. n|> n.^nrly Js ,,,., ,vmi „f tli,. nx'k
irom til,, wivat -xr..-^ of uliirniiiii. ..v, r tl.it n.|iiir.-.| to form tlio normiil f.l.l-
-I'ur MM.!,.,i,l,., lro.„ all of tlio pofu.l.. .o.ja. anM liv ■• |.r.s<nf, it appoarn
ainio.-t (■.■rtiin.l.v i,...„.sary to l.rli.'v,. that tli,. parau . mio1,.,-,iI.- \* r.pr.-
-witnl ,n r.lativ.l.v lartr.. ui.io.Mit. Tin. .■x.v-.. ot alumina, a MotaM,. fra.'ti.ai
of tho very lnj,'li -o.lu ami a fraction of tlic lilu'li .■omlon. .1 water can nil !"•
-atisfuctonly as-ijtm.J „„ tl.ut supposition. Wla.th.r tli,. parav'onit.> .-xisfs in
'lie fno -tatc ..r i. in isomorphic niixtiir.^ with the aiiaiotroiK potash molecule
ol .cri.itc. cannot he readily -h'tcrminiMl. The excess of sodii over potash U
also char.H^ten.ti.' of the two type analyses ,,f tli.. Cresfon formation: all thr.-e
anulys-es are thu- in contra-t to tlic av..rni^e analysis of samlstone- or armi|i,i,,
rock:* t-ci, orally, in whid, p,,tasli is ,•-•» inly tlu- nioiv al.nn.hmt oxi.le of the
two. The micros ic evi(icn-> is at' -f the view that the ilominan.'c of the
soda !>. <ine to a corre-.|..n,lin.' aleo, ...ace of alhifc or oth<T phw-^hi., It
may I.,- a.hl. ,1 thnt the analy-is was mo-t caii-fnlly made, a second i-.,niplet..
<leferiMiiiali.in of ihe nlkalio- acr.ein>r very closely with the tir-t.
_ The 'lypotlieis that mneh ,,f the mi.-a is imrlijronit.. or a hichlv paraK<.n-
itic miis,.„vil,.. icn.lers the aiialysia more clearly iin.lersfood. hut it complicates
the enl.'nlatioii. .\-siirninp ten molecules of ;v,ta-h to orthoela.se. five mol.'
eule.s to -ericite. ten molrcnle^^ ..f |in,e to anorthite iiii,l six to ..pidet^-prnpor
' 'J
>t^MONAL PAMtH No. 2a.,
'■li' whi.-li 111.- |,iMl,,,l,|y „„, yr..-,!'
ISl
'■■•' 11 I'.iiulily .iil.Miliit.-,) a- f,,||..w<
'.Mliil li
VIlMtH
l'-U.IJf.i||||..
iiidio. I,, .,
S. Ill II,.,
^Ill'l (lui..
l,|.i(lot,.
MiindBlitt., tifaiul.., ..|,
''.V ;.-l|,u tl„ i. „,|,,,i.' ,•.,„.
Iiliitlil- I,
-.I'll
U'.'lii
7 •!
I II
:i II
I II
) I
oil ,„„s|.V ,||.-,. ,M„|„„,„„,, ,,f, ;, ,,,,.„ ,.,,„„, , , ,,
L'lVi' ,1 l^.tt.T i'i.||,.,.„(i,,., ,,,■ ,1 . r i .1 . 'Ni.iii. I,,, I I „.y ^^,|| ^,,|.^^
- ...I.- In iJiiCuli ri'zi ^urri ;• - vr'';" "■■""■■^
"( Vrinuny i,.i,„„.m,i, .. „„,| ;, wil . . '","' ^^ """ """'y^'^ '"
';i-actcn.,i.. of the Ki,:.:.. . r i , :'ir'r'r';;"'n^""%^: -"•■-'
^; --"^^^^^^^^^ '— - '"
the wr t.r'.t papor on ' Th.. «5 „ ,n^ A • /''"'"'• *-'''" <'" \<'>H<< I-"'.!-!"! m
7 »"• A„l,.,l^^^L,li^/s:■r'^^^^':: 'p.-I-'-'I? ^'""''-' '?'"'"^'"-'
lliut pIllKT II. 1 (•liciiilciil .,,,,,1,. : !• .1 ' ,' ~ ''■ "' '"'I'' "I "Tititii-
.H.mii-r'.,f thin "le '1. 'Vhm;; :r'' ""^ "^r'"'''" "-^ ^"^ "" '"''"--
-' n-ral la. k of twinning' anion^f ,|„. f..|,|.p,., _,;„, , , ,, "" '* ' '"
I'oli.'f that n,tli..,.his..wai til- priviiliiiL^ C.m' t \ '*'" '" ""
""■tti.I the .■orr,..-tio„ o ,1 . '"^ ' ";\"* ^^' <'"""'"•■- "-'>'^. P"'-
-""; • i'' ...,. Ko,:.;:,.;::;! u:;.;^;;;;;:;'' '-::,-'-- -^ *"- --......
■f ~iH..^:::r';::Sri:ru:i;^r 'rr'"- '^- ■"'""«•""' *■-'•■■..<...
lo a jvt stronger brown than l.ol, n^^, . . > fraWmv „„,| vv...„l„.r
iMtnrlo,.kin,^ grains o llTj , <"^ ;v,.atli,T..i .,i,art/it... muni,-, oft.n
I'iotl.o and si.ri.it, 'lor pa 'n T. ' T'T ''■"'' ,"''""''""' """-• •"'"'
■•U.S. feld.pa£ Zrt T *''^"■^'■'^-'""7» «-f'i"h now forms ,li.. „,i.,,.....
littlr
il't tlmt tl
rxpi
iniplpti^ fry^ti
'.1 Kit
fiioiicr.
H
llll/lltloll of til,
<'r<- ajrain tin
iiiK'io/it shalcp has hm
BnyU'y. Bull. !50, VS. (lool. Si
-vol. II— !M
rvpy. 189S, p. g7.
132
Di.i'AKnu'.sr or riii: imi innu
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
i-i)nsi'(|iiciH'c III' (I
lirmiirlif ;ilioiit riicri'ly :
"f Inniicntiiil prc-^iiro (ir (inliimi-y ■
I'xi-t ill th.' Iclu'i' nr I'vcii in :i -^in-lc Ikiiii|--|h'
:mil tlie fi'ldspnthic- (iiuu-tzit.-. For liii- rin-i.n
yn;uiiii
•'■|) liiiriul mill with. Mil i|i, li,.l|,
iMr>t;iiiior|)!il-iiii. All I niii^it i.iii-
iiii'ii liilw.-i 11 tlir iiii't:ii-i;illiti.
ll'lll' it WollM 1,1' llillii'lllt 1.>
form an a.-eunik> coiKvptini, ,,f ||,,. riv.ra.irf .■oiiiiM,>iti.iii .if iliis wi^tiTii plinM.
of the Kitchener. It is certainly less silicioiis and inorr. niioaceoua than the Crcs-
ton. Possibly one-tiiird of the thickness is made up of silicioiis metarsiDite: the
remainder, of the <piart/ite with it^; own Mihnrdinatc adiiiixturc of o'ihv-
arKiliacious and fclil-patliic iiinliTia] with the i-sciif in] ipiartz.
The nverase spe<itic gravity of throe type specimens of the qiiartzife is
2-705; that of three type ^pc-iiiiens ,,f the siH.-i,,||v nutarijillite i^ l'-7:N. Tli,.
ayerapre for the whole western plia^e. o-timatel ..n ilie ah..v,-iueiiil,,ii..d Mnaii-
titative ratio of tlie two tyes in tlie formation, is nboiit 2Tl<i.
VariatiotLs on this relatively simple seheii f eniiip,,Mlioii are extremely
rare thmnghout the thmisands „f fe, t of hed- e,,i,ip,,Mmr tiie uv.teni plias.'.
In a very few thin strata th,. .piartzile i. -pan-led uith lar;;c plale- nf l,i,,tii,..
each about \ rm. in .liaiiieti'r. A- in Miiiil.ir l.,d- of tlie (^-...^ton tiiese foils
run at all anodes throiif;li the mek; they appear t., I.e -implv irreatly , nlar^ed
equivalents of the >taple hiotile individuals of the ,'nniial fork.
At a few otlier horizons, espei-ially toward the t..p of t!ie formation, the ipiart-
zite contains conspicuous round, blackish concretions somewhat flattened in
the planes of heddiiifr. 'I'hey measure from two to three iiiehes or more in
preatest diaiiu'ter. With tlie miero^coiK^ tlii> eoii,.,vlioiis ar n to h im-
posed of (piartz and feldlt-bloek-. Of these twelv,. have been det,.rmine.l
without much residual deubt. Most of them are found in the Yahk an. I :\[oyic
ranges. The Jlc(iilli\ray raiif-e shows a tendetiey fowanls the strneturo'of
terraiics characterized by open folds.
Betwwn Catoway and tlie .siinunit thi' Ki;,bi'ner iSiyeb) an.l Purcell
Lava beds are warped into a broad, unsymmetrical anticline. The dips average
35° N.E. on the eastern limb, a »-teemiess of dip wliirh would rapidlv carry the
top of l'<e entire Purcell ~( rics of redimcnts far bi-lnw the lev<^l of the Devonian
limesto.no at Tobacco Plains. The iHstance betwe^'n the limestone and the
most easterly of the outcrops (Purcell Lava) across the drift-covered Purcell
Trench is eight miles. We can .mly conjecture the structures beneath the drift
cover. Those actually visible indicate that the Rock-y Mountain Trench is, at
the Boundary line, located on a zone of combined faulting and down-flexnrc.
In all pMbabillty the faulting has had the dominant control in loeatin- tbo
trench.
The western limb of the broad anticline -bows nortliwosferly dip- ..f ir,'
to 20^ The convergence of strike lines on the two limbs shows that the fold
pitches gently to the north.
Ill
188
iti:i-\in \n:\r t>i- iin imfuiow
■ ^1-
2 GEORGE V , A. 1912
'I llr liMlii-linC i^ >l|ri-i I'.lcil oil till' ur-l \,\ tlii' -Iltlllllit •iyiiclillr wliicli iiImi
J)itc'lli- linl'th :it :l liW ;llllflr. Like llir alltlrliiii' till- TmLI -ll..w-i MlllIllT'ilw
lociil unriw mill, nw tlip ^outli. it ;< Inniiiilcil l^y m -tri'Htr fii^f-wc-t fmilt "lidWii
"II tlio map ftuH't. Till' wo-tcni IIiiiIp of tlic H.viiclinc show- u si'cfion tliroiiph
noarl.v llir iiiliri' I'iiiti'II -ivIi - Two loiliw r\\n\ of llio iiiiiln I'orU of llio \i\\\V
rivor tlio Croriton bcil^ lia\o ii nliiirp nvor^at of dip-i. indiVnl iiiff an untielino
lirolfii l,y a loiijjitiKliiial, in rtli-soiifli fault. Tlio ^ lil< rlvir \* lociitoil in tin'
licurl of tliia antii'liiic. It may liavo liocii .■rii;iiiiill> |.lai'iii on (he lino of fault,
fiorii wliicli position tlio rivor lias siiioo -lippoij down tro dip an avcnijro
distiiiii'P of two iiiil<«. To the wc-t of tln' main f<n'k of the river tlio dip-
wrndiially fliantre from an avcro^'c of 1.'" \V. to liorizonfnlify. and in tlio infor-
vnl, a !;r«'at part of tlio Crcstoii formation, tlio vvlioli- of tlio Kifolirmr ■ .d sonio
11,000 foot of tlii> ^loyio formation aro oxpo-od in -iiooo--i.iii
On tl.o ridse <ivorli«ikinir the wost fork of llio rivor on llio oa-1. tho dip-
in tlio Moyio liods ai^nin liooomo co'^torly. pliowiny ii niirrnw nynrdino wliicli i-
licre only vi^'Vio in tlii- I'ormalion. K\aotly on tlio lino of liio wost fork tlio
Moyio -trata arc dropped i!,,wii into ooiilaot with a iralilno sill wlii'di is intni<ivo
into tlio Kit'dionor formation. Tliis wo>i f,.rk faull i- romarkaldy straiirht in
the -i^ nn'los ilirniifrh wliioli. with miM-nal orrlaiiity. ilio oiitorop of tlio fault
oonld ho Inllowod. Tlio dMwnthrow i-. of cmir-r. on tho i !wt iiikI may mrasiiro
inoro than 2.000 1V, t.
From till' wi «t fork of tho Vahk to I'orlhill nearly all MiirKi'stioii of folding
1 wanting ati-l tlio lolations are t lo-,- of many faiilt-hloi-k-;. Tho diiw are
hiffhly variald". valno- from ."i lo "•!• or iiioro h;any rooordoil. Tho dips are
j-'onorally iiiiioh iho liiLdier in ihe narrrWer hlork-. Iforo as in the (laltnie
MiirDoiiald sy-iem tli' fanlt-planos usually trend toward-; tho norfh-imrthwi -t
and t'loir dip- seem iinariahly to approach vorticalit.v.
The faults niappod liotwpen tho west fork of tlw ^"alik and the Moyio
river aro anouL' the mo-t r,h?onroly e.\po-ed id' all. Other- not shown nn tho
map Aw •\ may ho respon-ihlo for the iltiplication of rlio K^'at gnbbro sills in
tlii- part ^'f tlio Tioiiiidary hell. Much additional time and lahniir must he
expended hcr..ie the full -tructnn- of thi.- jiart of tin holt will 1 e ileidared. The
two lilock< iniiiiedialely east of the Mo.\ io river are -hown as <e|iaraled hy a
reversed fault aleno- \vlii<di tho Ci -ton iniart/ite Iuh heeu driven nji on the
hack of the likewise ■-toeiily dipi^intr and apparently underlying Kitehener
<]nartzito. A -ii-oud iiiti'rpretatiou is tipon, wherehy the two foniiafion> are
regarded a; in normal ooutaet hut hoth overturned to the we-t.
The plane of the main fault at tho Moyio river "s nowhere exposed hnt the
'olations of dip and strike are -ueh as to Ic ve no douht a^ to the nature of the
disjilaeeiuent. The downthrow is to the we-t and is very jireat. iirohahly
iipproaohiiifr ^.000. if not lO.Ono f,>ot.
The fanlt running alonjr the western ha-e of tlie Isol.itod nuuintaiu hearinsr
tho Moyio sills i-i also hilioved to le mapjied eorroetly. Tho downthrow is aprain
to the we-t hnt llie displa^'einent i- prolmhly no no. re tiiaii a e.oiple of theu-and
■feet.
i;if<>i;i ni I'll 'Hill l.N//;i.\f. !///,• 130
SESSIONAL PAPEH No. 25j
Fr,,iM ll.iil |i..nit t,, .|„. N, „:,,„;,.. ni, . .1,,. i.nill- .|„.u,, .-,, il,, „,.,,. ,,,,1
-PCti..,l ;in „nl >u .-, ,1.1 mI> ,,!;„■,. I. 'I,,. ,„;,.t.,-t;mlt f.. 11. .«■;„... tl„. I,,, t
.McKlIn .litf I,;,, ,,,„ 1.,. li,v.ll\ ,,|, ,r^,,| i,,,, ,. ,i,,.,,|i.,I,,l !„■,■., ,!-.■ .,1 ll,r
fiict fhiit tli,> ;:i,.at •-ill „( ■sn\,[>r.. ..,, ,l„.. «,...f is im.l.Tliiifi l..v riHtv .|'inrtzil,.
Wlucll H l:,.l!..v...l K, l,!..,,u I,, ||„. IviT.llM.rr Inril. lit L .11. If tins I... till ,r...|
int..rr.r.tMii.j! il„. |'„n..ll Tn t„.h i- l,„„i,.,| i,|,„,u' :i .li i.h,..,.im.nt hv »i,„.l,
til.' KitclioiK.! iMniiatini, I.;,-, l„,.n ilr..|.,.r.| ,I,,vmi Im,, l;it, rid .-..ntii.'t with -ii.iia
liciir the l.ii f tlic (■r.-l..ii i|u:irt/lli. „, .irliiici iii llil- n |.(.rf. Th,. l,,|..|l
<lis|.l,i,-,.r,„.|it ,,l 111,, fiiiilt nr f.iiilt- ,.;i-l „f l',,rthill an. I «,.-! ,,f ih.. Miniinlt ..I
McKiiii cjitr \v,,ii!il iliii> nii|.r..a.li lii.iMMi t'.Tt. Tl;.' (,'.•., L.try ol' tin- Selkirk
ruture «hows. Ii..u..v..r, tlmt tlw /<.ii,. in uliicli il.c iiriich iir-i li;i. l,, m tlir w,.,.,,..
of still ini.r.. |.i..|'.inii,l faiillin..': lli.. ni.lin..,. i< s||,i„||ari/,.,| i,, ||„. |„.xt
I'hiipti.r.
'I hi- rock? ..f tli(.' i*iir.Tll iM..iiiit:iiii -v-inn luiv.. tran-inir t.-.j tSr.Kt- ..f
fiuiriiious pLWcT and liuv.. Iucm viy..ur..n-l.v ii|i| m-ncl at nianv i.,.iiiN, ^'.t
Ihose roPkx hour ('.'W trii'-(.« nf -lioarin- .■l.nviiiL.. ..r .JMianil.. .ii..|ani..r|iliiMn.
Only in ..nc Hiii-n.w /..iic at tiir M...v:, Hmt 1- .-I, avaL'c n-.tal.ly .I.a ,l,i|io,l an. I
that >trii..tnri> i> ..nl.v .■..ii-| icii..ii.s ..n th,. «•,■ itii.T,-.| |..,lir.-,. Tjii- ,r. mTal
fuijiirt' (if inotiimoiplii.. .slructuros in rofk.s wliicji hav,' iindorpnnr at loa^t ,.ii...-
the scvoro pro-.iin-s ,,l' iaIcIisIv.. nioiintain LniMin-. i> aniplv a.-.-i.unt.d r.,i- I .^
tlio <\\,.(.(.<linR -tri'iicfh of tin. -(..liHii'iii-. Tiiat -ir.hutli i- in part ,\plain.d
I..V the lioiii..!;-, lu'lty ..f tli<- f..r,.iiit;..ii- an.l in pan l.y lli. ir tl.nr..ii:..!i woMinL'
1..V deep Imrial iiti.l :,tatii' mctaniorplii-ni .luriii- th.- inin.m,. iin.ival li.twi.ii
tlirir drp.isiti..ii and .Icfi.nnatinn. Td tlic inln.n'nt -.tri-imtli of the •.. .liiiK'ntarv
prism liaa bi'i'ii a.i.lod the reinforcement b.v the thiek sills which formed mt many
new, relatively infl.xilile riln in the wh..l,. ma-. Where iiia--iv.- i„,in..eei in
(piartziti- and eahLr., pr. .l,,iiii,iali •! ■ Val;k an. I M..yi. vaiiij,--1, feMimr i^
alnio.st entireVv absent nnd tlie oroffcnic tiresaures prodiieed monoelinal bl.vks.
Farther ea-t, ulier.' n.Ial iv,.|y thin-! e.lde.| ar;rillit..< eiit. n.l the formation in
irreatiT inniii.er an.l ulierp the -aW.ro mK; nvr.. n .: iiitni.l...| f \fe(;ili;vray
vnn-o). the ni..nnlniii-l,iii!diiip pro.im.ed hr...!.! !'..!. N rather than upturned
fuiltd.l,...k-^. Neverlhel. -s. tlie ro.'k- ..f th,. I'ur.-. II -..ri, -■ -.■em rverywli.re l.i
!uiv'> mueh pr, ater av,-ra-v -tiviiL'th than hav,. :_■.■.. ~yn.-linal -,-.|im.nt< i:,ii, rally.
V,.(,' ,,././,.,/ ,(„,,„;/ rci„linq ol ,„■„„!. M,-. s. J. Schotiel,! ha- r.^cntlv -lanvi, II, at
.1 tl'ieli, t,.rniKuio,is (|iiartzit,.-n„-l,ir>,'il!iti. s.Ti,.-, naii„.<l tli,. .\1. Iri.lt;, l..ri,i,Lt i..ii.
uiiiii.rlii-s til, <'r.-,t[)n ipiartzit,.. It ap|.,.,ir- pruliul.l, tliat tli,- Al,iri.lK.. i- r.|.r.-,.i,t..,l
in -mm, ,.f tlin Loilt-hlocks inapp,',! w,-t i>f t|i,. Yalik river. Tli.' «rit,.| new iPMi;)
-ii-|...,t.i that II, f -ii(,i.-sioii in th,. -,.iliiii,.iits iiiiiiii'iliatelv i.a-t i,t th.. M..vi,. riv..r is
Hernial and tliat tlu> ri.verso,! fault th.-ri niapp,.<l ilii.'s net ,.M-t If „; th.- ".n.-r-
thnisf l,l(i<-k- of rnsty qiiartzito r.-ally h.-l,,,,-, t.i th.- .M.lri.l-.- f,.i iiiatien' ar..| ii..t t.i
tile 1 Idselv -iniilur Kitdien.'r fornialuin.
11
%
II
Pia^^^
..,.yi*-r:>eap]s5::
Kx|K)Kurf of thf iiiit^.^ivi- In-iif con^'IniiHTatr in h.-a.i w ■
lit RtniiHa y line :tiitl two milM^ u.^t <'f Vrie^t
f'^t itt 'ift;,nt.
25a vol. ii — p, 1 ;n.
■injui' ; (iiif mil** north
dm is elfvi-Ti hill
hiin<)r'"t
II
l!v.,
^^:^:d'
2 GEOnOf V
»ES5IO\*L PAPIM No 25a
19;;:
CHAPTER VTI.
STHATI.iUArilYM,.- 1 i;,.; ^k.k I UK ^U>r^^M^ ^Vsikm , , y i-ak ,-,
^ii w\iiT sr:itii:s
Ex..I„,li„^ tl,o i,„.., „, ro,.U. ,1,., ,,ri,„.l,,..l f.,nna,i,„H ., ,.,r. ,| ;„ ,„.
• it I K' vvli.i (. I'iir....ll ,; 'II . ' W'">li n tho pqiuvn Pht
Top. iT(>»ion Mirfaii. ■■'
Lon» Star '»nfln+ iii.,.ii » .
Wolf.. .. .. ,V2S yV't^itB. vv.th<onKlo.n..rat*.
^'""^■•■. ". :: :; ^.'^m r;i':r7"t.?V.hvn,'}^*''"r'''''^,'°''«'"'"''f»'''-
Iroti" Vdlciuiii-,.. , ,i,y,ft '<"»"'i"'- I'lijllite. uiidcoiiKlciin.rMt...
lr..,„.r„nxlom..at,. .. ;, IS,, '•■ nJl'^n.^U,";' "'**•
12.050 I
Ha-i.'. iiii.nnfoririitv with I'l i,.-t Kiv.T firiaii...
Ihknk ('i>ni;i.<)mhiatk FuiniATiox,
T1.0 b:,-al ,M.ml,..r of the S..mn>it sori,« i. a con^rlomorato. n„tprop„inir
he W Conplcm.rat.. formation. Ex.p1!o,„ p.po.„ros nro n umrron. ; on,^
distant. (Ih>te 10.) The most uxtrM.tiv,- -o.tior. ...a. fonn.l on tho lo.w.
HI
142
i>i:r\irnit:\ I <>i i in: iMnnim;
ill
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
I .il>;<' iiiiihinK ill :iii I'U^t-crl.v dircclii.ii Uina tin- tvi:iii;;iihili,)ii ^tiilH'U south ..I
Monk cnik on tlio t'aiiiuliaii siilc to the slc<'|) sloi>c iniinc-ili;itcl.v oM'rl.iokin^'
I'ric t river (■.•niyoii.
Tliroiii:!! iiitcrbiildincr tli<' (•..ii;;loinrr;ih' i~ tnnsitioiiiil into llir oviTl,vin)j'
lrcn<' Voli'iiiii<- foniiatioii; tlio l.iiso of tl,,. con^rloininiio iinirk- a iiroluiind
lUieoiit'oi-Miil.v witli tlip iMueh older I'riest Kiver terniiii'. 'I'lie widlli of the eon-
Kiiiiiierute belt, measured on the map, is ahoiit IS miles. Everywlioro the rock
•■how> evideiiee ,.f ex<-eedin.u]y inteii-e eni-liiii- and >h(arin«. The true heddin^
IS tlilis miv-ked h.v sehistnsit.v. esixeiaily in the eom-xr and nim-e hoinoficm s
phases of thi- aiiideiit frravel. The two ^trni'l iires wer, soitielimes found in
the .-anil' lediu" and then usnall.v had the same strike hut ditTen d in di|) from
len to thiiiy deirrees. The nverajre strike of the heddinir. lo \]\,- southward
ef the Dewchiey trail is alioul X. 5' !•'..; it> averajje dip is at least <!il . In
spite of the oh\ioiis dillieullie- of ineii-ural i,,n the niiiiiinuiii thiekin-.s of the
tormation must he phwed at a very hi^di limire. '{'he apparent lliiciiness ha^ed
en the avera-o .h'p is marly 8,imh) feel. Sinee the U;\- ,,r eon;;h>inerati' wer.'
im.hahly noi hiid .lowii hori.'.oiitally hut were huilt out ju imhrieate fashion
on a sIoi>ii- - ><a-bottoni. this estimate niii-t lie eorreeted by sonie. as yet
unknown. ;inioniit. To what exti'iil the hchiin^^ was ori^'inally itielineil is a
problem whieh. on aeeoiint of the lieavy -uhsei|uvnt metaitiorphi-m cd' the forma-
tion, it is donbtlcAs imiMi-sihle to >olve in the ari'a so far studii-d. .\l!owin«
lor a -troinily inclined <leposition : isi-rvalive mininniin e-timate of the
tiital thiekiievs. ;ui e-timate l.a-i'd on thrc- i-..iiipl, te -eetions. is ",, I feet; it
sliould. perhaps, lie many lini]dr<>d- id' feet Kfaler.
< o,-irsc .■oiiulorneral( is the hif;hly ilomiii.ant I'onstituent of tli,' t'ormation.
It ..e.eurs in w. Il-knil. \ eiy ma-^sive beds of -qiiee/ed pebbles, whieh. as a ml, .
wore Well water-worn when they tiiially eaine to rest in tin ir respective beds.
The pebbles ranjro in size from coarse sand-grains to boiildery masses a foot or
men- in di.iini'ter. More than one-half of them are conipe>ed of iiray \itreou-
or iTuc.i,-,-. - .piarlzit^e or of white sufrary .piart/. Next to them in ahund.-mi'e
ar(> pale giay or white eompaet |)ebl)les ,if dolomite-mnrble (specific pravity
-'■s:;:; Lis:.-,), often siliciou- to some extent. A iVw pebble- of phyllitie
•^late and. yet more ran ly, pelihh- .d' a hiotlic i;ranit.e may also be .seen. Thi'
top-m..sl hv<\< hear ^-niall angular fra,:;niciit- of altered porphyrite and ilird.a-e
"Inch -ecni to ha\c Keen directly ddlved frotn the eoiitemitoraniyius.
locally iiiterlndded lavas and tulis ,d' the Irene V.deanie formation. Some id'
the larger. b.,iddery mas-es of the ,i"ait/ite- and e-peeially of the dolomite-.
are siiban;:ular and apparently were not loiifr rolled on a bench.
The m.a.jorily of the ikIiMc- have hi-eii did'ormed iti the crush of motintain-
imiMiii:;. Thi'V aiv commoidy llatteni'd into len-e- much |oni;er than the
oriirinal p<>bbles. The iiiashinp is wonderfully illu-tral.d in the ease of sma'I
pebhhs .xaniiiied microscopically in lldn -ction. A iiotaliic hiprodm^f of this
mefrmorphism of tiie d.lomitic pebbles is the common generation of many
tr!a-s-char. twinned crystals of ba-ic i,lai;i.H-hi-c (probably acid bytewnit.-')
amoiiLr the L'lains ,.f carbonate.
'ti .4.'-:^
in.i'ilin 1)1 I III
I II 1 1 4' l.v / ,V(i,\ :tM I I;
143
SESSIONAL ^'APER No. 25a
I In- .rnu.nt „| ,1„. ron^^l,,,.,,,-.,,.. ,- „M,alK In l,,,-.,. .,„„.„„ :,,nl r„l„,-
'.nuluriu tlirouHiout ll„. f„nM;,tin,.. ( t, i^iiKilly it „, .-, h.w 1.,.,, ,„• ,|„. .ntuiv
■■1 M Kra.vvvuck,. or v.n i.nuM.v -an.l. |„ i,- |,,,.-,.,„ ,-„„.iiti..n it i. . .,.|,i~l„...
<ystt,il„„. ,,>.!>. „f vat-i.Mw >l,a,l..< i„ ^n,v ..ui .,-, ,.t,i-i,-^,..v. Chi.-li,- ..,-ai„-
-1 .|"ar.z of all .s./es up t,. one or two millinietros in .lia.t.eter. and very much
rarer .nuns „t or,l,„,.la-,. !„■ ,„,|,dU.,l „. au ..x„v„,..lv aL„u,ia„t .i,.,4ra,„',l
..uitnx „f Mn.-,tu. .tn.MCAil,., Liolil... and .-hloritr. Tl,.. f„ils of mi... arr
^pecaliy ,|,nel„,x.,l ,„ ,,:„. ,,la„... „f s,.l,i.t„sitv. .irait,, „f n,„^'n..ti.,., l,.„rox-,.,„.
d.omof,,h„. ,.f.v-,aN „t titat.i... an- „f,o„ ^,.,v al,„„,ia„t i„ tltit, ..vlio,,-.
rnKuar or n,,,^:!,!, rl,<„„l„. It-al. ,„l,ry ,.,.y.taU „f .alH,,,,, .arl.ouat..
• probably sotttowhat maKno.iau ). a millin„.tr,- or lo-. i„ diameter, seldom fail
'" :"7'^"' '" ''' """-■ I'l'-v -■....•liiM,.-. , :,!, ,„,, ,,!„,,,. ,„„|,,_,. ,,„.,,,^,
;""' "■■■ ""■'": l<iii'i''ally. Quit t.,, tl„. ..la-ti,- ,,..arl/ jrrait.s ^liow th-
itiiii r proclrf ol secondary enlarfjeiiiciit.
•'"■ "'■"'> "'■ tlie ifflomrral,. tnay I,.. „„riru|,l,.,| by 1, n-,.~ .,f „u.|a„i.,r
Pbosr,! sandstones and pelite- a few ineb,-s to several f,..f. in tbiekn.^s^. Tl.e^e
rocks have been meta,„orphos<.d to pl,ylli,ie M.hi-ts „f eontpoMlin,, pra^'tieallv
Klentieid with that of the conglomerate cement.
^ The sp<.rilie -ravily of live type -peeim,.,,. of the ,.o„i;io,„erate ran-,- from
^■..N) to li.75:; Their average. J. 7:;-, i, I„,li„v,.,i to b, noarly the avrai^e for
tlie whole, lairly lioniofreneou.. rorniation.
After field and laboratory -fnly of ,b,..,. ro,-k. there ean U li,,],. ,!oubt
a~ to the oriffin of some of th,- -la^tir material. T lour, eomposifion.
:.nd f,reneral fb Id habit of tho .p.art/.it, . pbylliie, ami dolo,„ite p,.bbles elearlv
sliow th,.ir derivation from the nnderlyinir I'riest Kiver ferratie. Nevertheb'-.
the wnter has not found a Mn^le p.-bbl.. of the span-le,l .p,artz-i„iea sehiMs «o
abundant ,n that terrane and, in -moral, the larf.'er .luart/.it,. ,K.bblrs .i,ow a
mas<iv,.ne<s or lack of s.-histo^ity. wliieh w more m.orked than that expected
If they were .ienv,-,! frot.i the I'riost River terrane in U< preM-tit litlioloifical
eondition. It M'ems neees-ary to eoiu-lu.b. tliat a lar;re proportion of the meta-
morphi^m MifTored by tbe ,,id,-r t.rraii. . i„.-]udiii- the irrowth of the blotiio
-pan-les and -on f the inte,,>o -boariuL. and -erioiti/ali,.t, of lb,. ,,,, art/it, -
has affected the terrane simv the Irene eoiiHloiiierate was rolle<I on the ancient
I'Oaebes. One i„ay naturally hol.i il,at tlio 1,1, tamorpbi-m of th.- I"rio-t Uiv.r
t.-rr.'ine o,.eiirr..d -in,uilatuou-h uitli tho ina-hin- and ,,ariia! ivorN -talli/al ion
of the Irene eonM|on„,rale a< yo„n^o, and ..hlr fonnation- w, tv .,plnrn.,|
topetiier. Even in the .Mnrlomerate tlaro i- sirikin- proof of ininien-^e tanfien
tial pro'^snre aii,l crii-binu <ii.-li a- i- in.wbor,. ^ivm in the I'ur.'oll. (lalloi,, ,,r
f.ewis siTies of forinatioii^.
Sine,, most of t'l,- mat, -rial l..r ii„. -I..n„a-nl,. ua- won Iron, ilf ..!,i,.r
t.Ti-ane, which in this r,".,i,,n i. „ot. known to .-ot.tain ,nv-lr,-,n. a.-id
I'bitoiiic ma-ses on any l.ar:^,. -.-al,.. ,1 i- „,,! -nrprisinc' iliat iH.itlar tli,. .■,in,.nl
ol the eonpIom<Tate imr ilie pbvlliti,' interb.d- ar,. lii-bly f,'l,l-i>atiii,'. It i.
■lear. ,.n the other hand, ibai lli.- hOd-patlii,- -rn^ an.l .ami-ton,- of th,. ov,-r
144
in:i:\inMi:\T of the imkiuou
— . .1 , -
rdrrnl'OViltioil nf tlii- view
str:itii;rapliv. us will I.p „n!o'l in tlic s.Mtin,, on cnnvlat i-ii.
IlilAi: Vi'.'.c wir
l-nl!MAIl(l\,
s.f?\-'-';>
11a- li, ,> .■oiigloni, rate i.s cnnror ...My nvrlain l,v a ^r. at ma- nf lava
dows \viu.-l], lor a tliicUiicss „f a liu.i.lrcvl fc't or iiioro, are int. ,-lM.(l,k.(l with the
oonglomeratf. Thf>e lavas crop cut aloiifr tlip ^votcni slupcs ,,f Ircn.' nionii-
tain, and th,y may he fin.uiK'd uiuhr the name of the Ir.ne Vdlcanie formation.
^Vs with all the ..tluT memlpis of the Summit -pries the hand of lavas nun-
he f.-llowetl irom the Boundary line northward acro-s m-arlv tlie wh(,l,- widtli
of the ten-mile helt. The northern extremity of the ban.l oeeurs at the er..-.-
eutting coiitaet of the liayonne };ranite hatholith. ('..mplete sections were
measured on the Dowduey trail, on Irene mountain, and en the rid^'e =outh
of Monk creek. The best exposures of the formation as a whole were found
in the last mentioned >ection.
The formation chiefly con^i^ts of a lar^e luimher of thick hasic lava tlow«
in which a few subordinate layers of basic tuff, a thick band of conglomerate-
bre<-cia, and a stroufj hed of dolomite are inti'rcalate<l.
Like the conplouierato and the overlying' Monk schist^ the whole ina>-. has
been gn atly altere.l by dynamic metamorphism. with a freneral devi-lopmetit of
marked s.-histo.-ity. 'i'he massivenes. ,.f the Hows an.l the prevalence of this
secondary s^trueture ren.ler it often impos-ible to detennim" true dip at even
extensive outcrops. Nevertheless, tiie attitude of the original layering has
been discovered at so many horizons that an important generalization can he
made.— the dip of Ivilding is always steep, varying from 70° E. to 70°
AV., with strikes varyin-_- from N. 7° E. to X. .30° E. Bedding and schistosity
planes are in most ca nearly or .piite coin.-idunf. The nut.-rop of the forma-
tion averages nearly i:, miles in width. Assuming an average dip of only 70=
and considering the structure of tlie hand as monoclinal throughout, the thick-
ness of the formation is at least O.WHI feet. High as this figure is. it must be
regarded as the small, st allowable estimate. Extensive duplication of the beds
by folding or faulting within the area is highly improbable. The bed of con-
glomerate-breccia was followed for at least eight miles, through wliich distance
It preserved its thickness, high dip. and proper horizon below the base of the
Monk formation. The breccic and the associated dolomite are conspicuous
w.
''■'''""■'"' ■/■''/■ '■/////■ i>//,V,S,M,//, ,^g
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
'ii.-Mibcrs iiiiil ,,,nl,i -,..,,■,•,1, I
ilio rocks coniposiiiff tljo IroTi.. \m »■
('"hniiniir snli
''""' I ■"'•"/!/. hllllUlli,,),.
50
200
1,710
40
4.000
'1''>||. mnt'nrrriiil,!,. h;i
I- of Monk fotrii.ilii.n.
■ '"'li'^l'^nci „n.atlv al,,.n..i b..,Ui,. .n,, „,„,,.,„„. ,„,,„ .,„,„.,,,.,,
-t.m,.
K,(I00^_ fwt.
lias... conforninl,!,. t,,,, of li..,i,. V„l
Tlu- Knat hulk of the formatinn is ,.,„„po-,.,l ,
liiV;l, now ty|M<M|
-— f,i. .41, ouiK. 01 rne u.
"i highly altcivd mul.-itic hi
for iii.iti
iiMt:ih]\
uniform ivp,-
or {froenish -rny. ..o,„pM,-t -.'hisVo "r: ';:'''"" f"!'';""-'"""- '' i- ^> 'I^M'k ^r.,.,,
" trace of the minerals originally crvsJ i.vlV /'V' '"''• ""■'" '- -^"■■•'•''
portion of the .non^tone ^^^mS^J"' °^*''f ""'^"'''- ^ large pro-
'•r, tnu.h more rarelv, of „uart"' h in^ ' ','" /""•^•^:'"'"-^ (-onipo..,! of .alci,,.
the pronouncd s.histositv W ;, .\\ ^ ' f '"' ""V"? """ '^"-'^ """"'•' '"
"■o.n surface lava flows, 'it is s ., ^ hi'l'^ '",'""' '"-^'•"''''"^ '''--''
->• on.. ,,,. The difficulty ,!f ^^;' :t :.'; '':;""7"^' '*"■ '""''^ "■■
'.-tense „a.hing and mefan.'orphisn, 'f 1 e ]. ,. ; "''r';"-^- ''"' "' '-" '" "'-
while the gr,.at ma<s was accumuhu..,! l,v ft appears prohahl,. that,
"f consi.lerablc thi,..kness. ' '""'" ■^'""•'-^'v H ■■ - ca.h (!o„- wa-
Fr..m the study of over twontv-tiv.. thin .. ..• ,
"t.d relatively nnwcathere.l spe..im..n lrZ^\%"''''T '' '""">■ •>■'"'-''
entire thicknos.s. the rock has •! "rv h' , """' '''•" "'^""-''""t tlw
<elt.d n.ass of nralif, chloHto^: o Xri!:,: ^ r""- . " '^ ^! 'r"^"'>-l
s'tnte. and often biotite with which nvr.'f lunon.t... s.-ri,.!,,.. ,„._
i^ I'la^ioclase, which with Z^iZ^' Z^I^'^TT' "TT^'" '■""^''^"-•
'^'■ctn.ns only by a fe^^; hj-hlv nltcrc^ Zl'^' '^ "'Prc-.-nt.-.I ,„ „,ost of ,1„.
"f tlwse ..rystals .how tl ^ h^v J^^ .^^7 "'"• T''? ' ''^ ^-> '^"'J ^chtW^n.
ava, whi,.h had an .hnn.lL l^^J „; ^i.!:'""" 'l'^''''^''^-'^ - " H^inal
hol^..rys,a^in,^ ophiti,.. flne-.rai .cd "::""^"'''->-^;''"";" I"'-- An .xcptional
formation „„ ,he rid.c iust ;,-, f 't% '''"] ^"T^ '-"• "'<' '>^<- <>f th„
"( ti- Phase the ,.la.io,.,l! ^' , ."";^"';::'r '7' T" tu-o thin s^.^on.
I'.-ia ~v.,l. ii_u) 'H.rp„-rv..d Mnd u'.iv. in tt. .one of
,31
146
i>i:r\i;T\ii:sT of nit: imijuhu
2 GEORGE v.. A.
,, t'l \'v ;ni iicid
1912
-^vriiiufti V A iiuiNiiiiiim cxlinctinii i,i Jo ; it ;\p|i(Mr- tlni-. to \'v ;ni iiciil hilini-
iluritc. The plii-iKHTVats of tlio porpli.vritic pliiwc's. tlmmih siiif,'iihirl.v lianl to
diaRnose, seem to be of nearly the same species of feldspar. In not a single slide
was there found the slif-'htcst tnice of (ithcr i)heiioe.r.vsts. Kveii pseiidoniorph-
nf ?uch possllle orij;iiial phenoerystH as pvr.xeiie or amphibnle eiitinly f;iil.
.hidging from tlie iialure of the s<eondary iiiiiioviils, the orifriiinl lava wa- in all
probability a rather iiasic aii'le-ite or arnie-itii- ba-alt.
Sonic of tlie tine-brained, nen-ainvpdaloidal j.'re<iistono nmy, at certain
IXiint? in the tield seetion. belonn to dik.-i or sliei ts of the lava enttinfr jliwhtly
(dder tlows. Larjroly on aociiunt of the pi-ofound nietainorpbi-in it lias proved
as yot imiiractiealile to di^tinKui-ll such po^^-ible intrn-ive-; in the field. They
fan, however, in any ease, form bnt a snuill part of the whole ina--.J.
The microscopic character of the lonR list of secondary minerals shows
thorout:h banality and needs no special description.
The specific gravity of eleven type specimens ranged from 2-791 to 3-09G.
with an averape of li 1)1'.', which eaniiot. be far from tlii> avera«->' for all the
greenstone.
About 2,000 feet below the top of the formation the (greenstone is inter-
rupted by a forty-foot interbed of compact. >oniewliat sheared, -rray linicstom
weathering light yellowish or buff. Under the microscope the rock is seen
tr be a remarkably homogcnecJS granular aggregate of carbonate grains
without other visible impurity than a. V\U.c granular (|uarlz oeeiipying narrow,
microscopic veinlets. cutting the rock proper. The carlionate grains are anbeil
ral, ro^lndi^h, and of nearly uniform -^ize. averaging f).01.' mm. in diameti r.
The rock effervesa'S very slightly with cold dilute acid. The spe<'ific gravity
is 2-'S5o, indicating a nearly pure dolomite. The purity of this carbonate mas-.
coupled with its fineness and uniformity of grain, strongly suggests a chemical
origin for the rock. It should U- xuAcA tkat the aviTage -i/e ..f the carbonatr
grains is very similar to the average si/e of the grain In the Altyii, Siveli.
Sheppard, and other magncsian I'ormations of the ea-tern series.
The 200-foot breccia-conglomerate occurring m ar the top of this formation
is of special value as a horizon-marker, liccause of its high angle of dip ami
because of its power of resi-tancc to the jiroces-e- of general erosion, the con-
glomerate often projects in strong peaks or ridws above the surrounding green
stfpne. I'ine exposures were f<iund on the- -mnniits north (.f ^Tonk cre<k and on
the long northern slope of Summit creek valley. (Plate 72, B and C.) From
the IJoundary line to Summit creel: this consiiicuous rock-bed is always practUMlly
vertical and runs in a remarkably straight line, bearing a few degrees ea-t oi
north. Throunhoiit that strrt.-h tlier«» seems to be no pos-ibility of any imi>or
tant amount of dip-faulting in the Summit mtIiS as a whole. Tlie perM-lei:'-e
of this elastic bed. both In -trike and dip. and its steady parallelism to the
boundaries of the other nearly vertical membiTs of the Summit serie- out-
cropping in tills area, testify to the ci>nformity of the whole Irene vo], -11110
formation with the Irene conglomerate, and with ibe 'Monk aid young, r fornm-
tlons. Had it not boon for the .lisrovery ..f tbi< baud of i-onglomerate. ti<-
i^M^^
ifKi-oirr or r,,,, vinrt- astuusumeu
147
SESSIONAL PAPF.R No. 25a
writer «„u!d ,.ot have ,l„. actual, stn.n-^ l„.li..f tl,.,f .i , • •
Of one enormous, ponfonii'il.lv l.,ii i " vi.lcaiiii'> t..rm a part
Not only tlu^tnlot'TvllT''''' ""n"T'"' ''" " '■''^"""- --"-li--
illustrat-s tl„. |,ro,,ri,.,v „f n-r' ','| ',',;, ''• "''"; *' ""P^^i"'"" of tho hromin
and of diamot,r. W l^n J ' TI^ ThV; 'r''*; Tl "'•"""*^'" ^'^"^"■'^'
was quit,. un.nh,r an,l n,ea-ur. 1 «.,• i, J " ■"'"''I- '''""'"!'' ^'"*-""""t ^-en
of dol.-mito also anpoar in {1^ ;,r T V,"^^"""' '^"'"" ^'"""''■'' f-'^'!n<
Phyllito. d,.riv,.d from a ] V o ' md' X' .^'" "'f''^, "'^ " -arl.onato-l.oarin,
hand-spooin.en or in thin ? J \-r ^'"'''' "^ ^°''«"!'- n^' was «op„ i„
I'ud, thons'h not well «ortod .m.n.ln, ' ""'^f^''' '''''" ' ■•■' •' wator-
dr..,b,k..s oripinatrd fron, 1 o j'"r'" ",..''""«^"""-'-"*'- I'^ ^'^trital materials
=' 1^'r „pe specimen;^ ,1!;:^:;; l;";^;;"^""^- '"■•■ ^P-*'- ^-vity of
Except f,,r the relativolv tircat nl)und.,n'^. .' f i i ■ •
tho matrix and bouldorv fra^Mnontfof , iT ' '"';".'" '""""'■^'' ''""' ">'
similar to ooarsor pi, „e. o 7, re T' ''" "''"'" ""'^ '^ '•^"•'•'•'^■Iv
di*f~o i. that the latter ha J;: 1 ;""^'-"-'?'- The chi.f essential
20.^foot hand, whi.h, hefore t^e n t ^ n^ , M- ooo" r'," ''"'''"' *''"" ^•-^'
earth's snrfaee than the hnsnl eo ndomor;;. Tl " "^ '"'"■" "•■'"■"'■ *''''
rnetamorphi.m in the iW-foot hand is,, r" ,.""■, """>""f ^^ sl"'nrinfr and
basal eon^domerate an' that in L smh > '"""" "''''^ ^'"'^"' "' ^'-
formation overl^vin.. the vol a^ics T ™ a'eaT t"""''*^ '?^' °' ^'''^ ^'^-^
reerystalli.ation in similar rock, of he Terl?^ ""'"" *'"'' ^'"^"'"'^ «nd
progressed i„ direct proportion to the depth orthell';:.:: '"'^'^* '^ ^^'^'^'
"\rO\N FoItMAT.oN.
sections, furnishing: <-ven toleral,
poorly expose,!, o,,]^,. ,,,,, ,,^,,,^^^,^_^^
One of ihe-e w;s c.;;d ^^x s;!.;-!: tr" ^^^ J" ^'"' «-nda;; ,
148
i>i i'\/;i \ii:\i nr iin: i\ii:i!ii>i>
2 GEORGE v.. A. ^912
is liOiivily timlMi|i>il till I. null mo-t nf it- rNtriit. Blank- of lluvc huiiMriil
feet iir iiunrfi oocMir at -i-vrral |iuint- within llic ^ci'tinii. Tlic foiiiprwitidM an. I
other ^iilii'iit fciitiiri's of tli(> foniiatioii arc. thcrcfoic, not kiviwn >vi'li lui.vthiiiv
]ik(» thp I'crtaintv that attaches to the other inciiilici'-i of the Sniiniiit sfrics.
This proiip of ^ediiiiciits iiinlerlyin;,' the W^ilf trrit anil resting' on the
Irene volcanics, niny bo oallcd tiio Monk forinutinn, after the naini' of tlic creek
which cuts ncro-s its outcrop. The total thickness i.; \fry (jrcat: a niiniiniini
of 5,500 feet is i r.tinintoil. 'I'lu'rc is iil-o consiilcrablo hcfcropcnoity in the ma--
Xevcrtholcss, it is oonsidereil ailvi-.-ihle to "roup all thoc U'lls nmlcr the one
tormation name. The detinitc naniin^r of the litholojjical suhilivisions i- not
warranted until ln-ttcr cxjio-ureri are found than tho.-^' so far -tudi<d.
The subdivision shown in the following- eoluniiinr section is to lie om-
-idered as diH-idediy cruile. The thickness of some of the memlK'rs could only
be conje<'turcd. since the outcrops in such cases were discontintinu? ami quite
insutfici<'nt to jrive av<nn'd conclu-ions as t.o the compositioi) of the covered
beds. The CJ^tiniates then given were i)artly lia-ed du the c'larncter of the
■ wa.sh ' and even that was often thornujrhly buried under the dense forest
cap. When, in the future, this iiniss <if -trata i- stratifiranhieally will workcl
out, it will doubtless be nrofitalile to recofrni/e by di^tiuetive name- certain ..!
the subdivisions: the name " ^fonk fornnition ' may then he restricted to the
most important member recognized in the re-e.xamination. The coluttmar section
for the formation may be leutativcly dt'<erilied a- follow-;
Columnar i^ertiott of Monk formation.
Top, ciinfunn:il>li' lia,-r of Wolf furtinitiuii.
n I'JO feet. - .Spricite-ipiarr/ sclil-t.
'. 5<l .. (Quartz );rit. little slieareil.
'■ *i.W ■• .^eric-ite-i)UHrtz -ehist.
'i '."o .. Ci.ar.-c , 'lit. little sheared.
'' loOtt + ii Senciteiiunrt/. scliist. sMiiietiiiies cMinitic.
f 6(H)±,, Dark K'ray slate anil I, hylliti'.
;/ l;i<K)+' Ohietty serieite-()uartz schist witli iiiterlieils itl slieai-.-.j (jrit ami
Clin^rlelllerate ; [mkH' exposure.
k 'tttti " Sheared (pi.irtz cniiKionierate,
/ 7'tO + " ChieHy seiicite quartz schist and -heare.i ipiaitzite : iHiere\(Mt-
iire.
/ tit)+.. .Schistose eiin^rliiTnerate.
i- i!"Kt .. I'hyllite.
/ JllO-t-,, Phvllitie-late,
.VidOt ■
r>ase. coiifuriiial'le top of Irene V. .Icanie ft niiatinil.
As a rule it is very difficult to ijeteniiiue tlie atti.ude of the brddiny:. .se
etTectually is that strui'ture nia-kcd by the never-failiiifr schistosity. The most
of the readinRs of true dip were obtained at tlie contacts of the srits and
conKlomerat^s with the s<.liists. .\t -uch pf)ints the average strike was .alxiut
N. 10° E. and the dip from 7.")^ W. to I'l'"^. The c. irrespondiiifr readings for
schistosity pave, on the average. n< ariy the -ame strike, with ilip ransj-inp frotu
"9° W. to 55° K., averasinjr nearly vertical. nowcver. at one locality the
bedding and schistosity of a slate-phyllite phase, though holding the regional
.■?;V'v''-i'
j,v ■<- ><r_.ji(
'/:'•;•.
i;t:r<>iii ,n n:i: run. a.j ,,:,\,.iti./{
StSSIO\AL PAPtR No. 25a
14U
""■ !i'*;- ;'"i' * '- -'mJ: ;::-v;::,;:,:'t;;;;:r ' "-'
Ilif nntnral >us,,HM.m tl,;„ ^, ^,,..,i , ,i- ,.„ .. "''!'■ ,
■•In^to^e ro,.ks .nij-ht 1,,., i„ ,,,,, ,,„,l, ,, I u , • '•'' ''"'""K'''"-'"^-
■H-.. of ,l,e exposure. ....k,. ,, „ ," "-■';'';■•'■ •!■.. .....,.;,„, t1„. p„or-
■■'■•nsem.s its width »s ,t i* foll„«v,l .v ""■'^^ '"'"">-'"'"• t.. fliis fnn„„ti„n
V"i'-.un,. .■,„.,„ati.n ,1, -l,„w ,LT, . , i'""'^".'"'""";'" -^^'"'"^ «^"' ""-l Iron..
"" - Mt,arv. .l...-,.unct-li, :,• '.'"'•" ^"'" *'''' ^'''''"""' ■-'^"<''-
f'.r tin. wl,„l,. six Miil,.- a -o \ t'-nnat,nns run remarknld.v struifflu
;v'::!;:;:;';:;;';7; :'>' -^^^
^-oni>l..no-.lnd,lvfi,sil,.';i,i X', '^ ''''fr ''"'«^'-"at<>« with darker
ai„n„inn,i,. i.iotit.v -c, , ^ 1 ? ^ :,:;r""r'""'"'- ""™ ^-'-♦•^ "'"i. "-..1,
'1..- linn,. th.rc is .r at f,,^, ,i ' ""'•"■*' '" '*"'"""^- ^i'^in
Pyrit... chlorito. etc., are prese.it but l '' ''''-''''"'''''' .nnfrnotito.
F.ld^par l.a, „;» l^o^n ol'r' ,T ,, , ' ^"^? ;'"-.titaUvely unimportant.
--•.V in .!■,. ,,„artziti,. „l,a.. t in T '"•"'"":'':• .'^ -^ --^in.^'l.v acces-
""■ ..Mn,,.al,,M<.al .■ot„,o.-,io;,f ;,„,,";!" ^'■'•';"-''; ■n.o monotony in
■">l.v in xon,. ,.. when. w,.l| ,- v .,1 i. . '" '" ,'' '"'"^'"" '" '"' ''^"l^''"
in ^,..„. al,m,d.-,n..o. ' ■'■^^t-'ll'^'"! '■>••"..,,. ,„ sum,,]., twins, has doveloM
/on,. / i. , „,,„tlv nia ..1 .,v 7 '" ''■"""'"^"'■'^" *t'""^-'h not in prain
Pol,bie. „f dolomite were not o f , t ; hi '' I ''"■ "^ '"" '""'"' '" '''"^**'-
.;lu.s,. of ,„o Irene c.on.lomer!uo V . „ k o th'.: nTn """" •'" ?"""""
/•.no A is a ronglomorato of ,ho =,,,„.. ■ . th ,,M ^ " ""T" ""^'"'^^ '"'"■■
Phases which are strong],- feldspathi ■ ' bin e on'fZ' I ' '""' ''"''
1"
if
160
in:i'M!r\ii..\ i <>i i in: i\ i iinni;
r
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1BI2
riiucli liinonitn (lis.^ciiiiiuilid tliruiiKli tl"' ci'tiiriit. nr.' tli.- u-ii:il siili..riliii:il.-
iiiiiivnils. Tlic I'lnstic yniiii-. V.Win- ..r «iiiiill, nrc i'liiir:i''l' ri-i ii'.illy mi;rMl:ir nii'l
the rork iih a wlmli'. mny bi' i-lii-aid a- w iiiftiMk.'-i'. Many ..f tlie i|i!art/ ;;raiii-.
tlioiiKh severul rnillimctrps in diaiiiftor, iiro frntrmoiits of siii}?l(! crystuls, hIiow-
iiiK llial their sniiri'c was (loiil.tloss u \riy ciinrio (rraiillc.
/ijiiis h niid (/ arc in ctimposition simply tincr-jfriiincd, jrrilty ciiuiviiliiit-'
nf m\\\n h and ;. 'I'ln- t'l.iiicr /nwvi -, ( mi m lir nioi-r MiH"i\,> than lli.' laKrr
and less ^lu-ari'd ><\- n.a^'a d. X.vrrI la li --. tln' lliin -iM>ii,.ii, ar iilih' with
evidences of the grent strcssfs which have operated on ail these rocks. 'V\\.-
iliiiirtz j.Ti\in- and pchLh.-i ah\a>s Aum iiridiihildry , \l inrt inn ,,r ^'mnihitlni;.
Owiiiff tl) this niiniit<' li-suriny and tiii> ii'-ultiiiir pailial d< r..rii|v,,-iii..|i of li-ht
rclicclcd from the interiors of ilic «la— y j:rains. the i|\iailz i~ ciniiainly i.palc --
cent in l>lni>li tones wliich are -nriictirnes ipiitc deep and pure.
Tiic avcrajro -p'cilie j;ravily ..!' iwn -pieinan- ef the e,.ii..l,,iiierale -aiid-
stone zones is J-t^lH. The avera'je nf four -p-cinii-iis of the sclii-ts is 1 717.
Allowin).' lor tlio relative ihiekucs- ..|' th.-e roi'k-i\peJ. the average -pciljc
gravity of the whole fr.rMiatiiiii may lie pi 1 at .il.oiit -■7ii."i.
W'oI.K I'dllM AllDN.
y.tnu- a of the Monk rormalion js confornialily overlain hy a mas-^ of very
heavily bedded sandstones, prits, and tine-brained eonfilomerates, which in all
essential respects arc identical in character witli the I'oarser-.i.'-rained iiha-is el'
the Monk formation. On aecnnt of its thickness and conspicnoas nature this
mass has hcen di,stinj;ui-hed hy a special name, the Wolf forniaiion.
Its exiiosuros are nnosually pcrlV.-i in the broad band eros-inir tin' ten-niilo
belt from Mt. Hippie northward to the headwaters ..f Wolf creek. The out-
crops are especially e.xteiisive abinjf the Ucwdney trail at the ~iniiniil of the
range and, again, <in the snnth-castern llaidi of .Mt. Kippie. At the last nanu'd
locality the beds stainl vertical or m-arly vertical and there the formation can
bo best studied. Some nncertainty mnst attai-h tci ;iiea~iircnii'Mts <if thii-kness.
for this formation passes very f;Tadnally into the overlyiufr Di-wlney cpiartzite
and in non«' of the sections is the actual base expose,]. .\t the .Mt. Ripple
section the total thickness was measured at 2,900 feet and this seems to bo
steadily held throughout the li(Minda.»y belt.
The formation is tnurc massive than anv other sediincutary lueinber of the
Summit series; wlu're most nnis-ivo it cousi-fs chielly ..f a fehlsp.Tthic ipiartz
grit or conglomerate which, for fifty or more feet of thickness at a time, shows
no conspicuous plane of bedding. Tn the lower two-thirds of the formation and
much oftener in the up|K'r one-third, the grit or eonfrloniorate is interrupted
by thin beds of metamorphosed, more or less argillac(>ous sandstone. Practi-
cally without exception the beds arc of a medium pray or. less eonimonly,
greenish-pray enloni on fresh fractu'-es aiul weather a pure gray or brownish
gray.
The larger pebbles of the cotmlonieratc are composed of vitreous quart?;
sugar,', rray or white ^uartzite: mnch more rarely, dark gray to blackish
ui.i'iiui nr iiii: I I'll I \>j uuMiuri: i5i
■sessional paper No. 25d
slat.'. Tli.vv MKiy 1... :i- iTiurli .1- f,,iir m- llvr .•nil im. Ir^, in ,|i,irn.|rr imi th.>
avrrap' .lianiffcr i- iitnliT i.i intiinctri'. M;iiiy ;,t,- «iHr..uii.li .1 l.i.i i,„„t
WcT.. Ml!>:inLMlI,ir ;lt til,' iIm,.- i.f .\r\- -it;..|i. (•,■,■;!-;. .11.. I |,1,
'fllilit.' .'f I II' |)i lil.'i - l,y ..■..-. Ill,
I'
ir. . I!
li ill.' .1, -T. .■ ..r -li,- ir
hl.iiiiK 11. hruwi.n; fr..rii thin s,.fti,,ii i,f rn.i;ihi..rphc,>.,H| anfill.ipc..n>
Miilii|.,.<t..ne. \\,.lf t..rniati.iii. l,:iig> nrjiiii.. .,..■ .|.i;i.t>- . \i-,.,.t tli.-
partly shailM) ..m- m ...nithw.-st .pia Iraiit (.iiirn.i..rtlnl.'l. '^lartz
sh,.w.< i-at.iclastic structiiri' ami s,,i,„. „,.,■. .11. larv cnlaixiiiiviit.
'.r.iuii.l iiiasa.if ipiartz anij ^.iTic-itiL' iiii.a. S, ,. t,\i. Uiaiii.t.-i ..f
'■ircle. .'" mill
iiiashing never, oven distantly, approaclics t' -..t represented in tho Irene con-
jrlumirato or in the 1..\v,t zoiu's of tl.e Mo. ,i f,,niuili.m. II.to. nffaiii, many
of the iichlilt-B (some a< larire as :, mm. oi- iiion in (liaincterl nro made up of
fragments of _sin^d<" c|uartz opystals. apparently in.Ji.Mtimr the prent ooar.sencss
of tile granitic r..cl< wlihOi furnished this immense li..dy (,f .silioious dotritus.
The single-crystal |)ol.hI.s. as ucll ns others of .^-^^...1111.! and irranular texture.
arc greatly straiiie.l. with the result that they are often of the peculiarly rich
l.lue or gray-Miie ,,|.,de-.-ent .■.■L.iir n.,t,d in the Monk eondomeratc .s.
leyj
III !■ \l!l Ml \ I 1,1 I III l\ I i liini;
2 GtORGE V A. '912
, ,''', "'' """■''',""■• ^ '" """'I'"'- "'■'" 'I" TMrt. |„|.M..,. „n.„l,,r tr,,«„„,„,
M l.l.Ui.iii- are «.l.lum n,,i,tiri*.' iVu.,, tli- .•..i,i:|,„r„ ml,- ami .-uMrMT -rit, 1„ ,|-
II,.. Mi,...-.,>,-„,,o ..liMws tlwiM lo I,.. „rtl;.».ln.,. („i- ,„i,r,M-liM,. ). ii,i.T„,..Tri>iu.. u.wi
l.i.M.. :ui.lp-i.„-. „atM,..l in tiM-ir ;,|,,.,n-. m; ,.,•,!, t .^i i,„|M.rtnn,., , WImto tin- fVl,|-
-I'lirs arr >|h>.-i,iII.v nl.iin.hiMf. tl,.- yril lia- th.- |,„,k nf ,, mi. i ,i-k,,... Tl,,. f, 1,|
'\»v H UM..1I.V ,„„n. ..,■ I,.-, k.„!nn....| ,„• .,v\.-nw.A. Siaf Ir,.,,,,,,!- ,„■,■
awu.vs rt..!at.,v- y nr- an,| ,,n,l,al,l,v i,.n.r ,„ak,. m,. ,„„p iI,:,„ tU,. |„.r ,.,,„ ..f
tile wlinl,. nunilicr- in aiiv ..n,. |„-.k
Tl.n .•.■■■..■Mt of ,|„. ,,,,.,.1 eral,. au.| liiit i, a vaiial.l.. ,na- ..f „.ri.-itP
inul liiu-ftraniihir ciuari/. uith win, h iiMimt,. t'-il- ..f Kintii,. „ia.v I,, i-,.,-i ,f.l '
n.iii;ti,tite forms a nev.r failing th„iiKl. n.t alMiiidaiif »-•,•. s-ory cbl,.rite
/uiMt... t..„n,iahi„. an,! .illiinaiiil,. ar,. ...l,,,- ,.,,„.,ii ,„.„)-. ■^\^y■^^. i„ sniall
allioiillts.
'■"■■'"" '■'•■ -l"iM,-,Ml„. ,,;,,i-,- t!„.n. aiv all traiiMliun- I., tl Iv I,,-
IHiporiarit iliterl..d,|<..| -an.Ut.ii. - ami im tain.n.l,,,-,-! ,ar,.l> ir^illih-' 'I'l,,.
■■""'""""■ '"•'>■• '" '•"••• '" n^^^ir.l,-,! a- l.ut I r^,an.,.,| ,,|„ual,„i, ,.1 ,|„. ,.,„p
vluMwrat,. whi!,. .1,.. ah. n.,| ar^ilht,- a,v „„.,•,. lutflilv ,„i,.a, ,- ,.,„„,,,,.,
aLul..«u... ,,. ,1,,. ,.,.„„,,,, „r ,1 „-|,„n,.ra.,. K,.l,l-„a,. grains „„,„,„. „, 1.,.
v.T.v ran. ,,,,„-.. ,„„., -.rai,„..l ,,1..-,-. Tl,.. »..|| ua^.r-won. ^.n.ir.s oft..,,
;itTor.l boaut.lul exainpl,.. ot s..-on,lar.v ,.Mh,r»f,..n,.nt whereby these rock-
Muv,. l„..-,„„e very str,.n^' an.l ,...-i.,a,it l.,.tl, ,,, ,1„. lu,>„„>er ,„„l 'ij,.. „.,.„tl„.r
\\h,.re tl,e n.,.k „ fr:„.t„n..l. ,l,e -..rla..,. .,f t,a..tMr,., a, \u a trn,. .,„art/it,.
|.i.»<.., i„.liff,.nnMv tl,r..„.h ,|„art./ ;..rai„ an,| ,.,„„.„,, Tl,.. M.hint,. ini.a i.lat.-
■'"'' •^''^'^''^ ■•" ^^y "•'"• "■ I- •l"V..I..|M..I ... i.k,,,,.- .,r -,.l,i,,,,-i,v. Tl„ .,. „1.„„.-
liH^s ..lear tl.rmeh .1,.. .•la-ti,. ,.rai,„ „f ,|„art/ ,., -„,.l, a wav tl.'at a larj.',. ^^riio
i~ llai,k...| i.y tw,. >wa|.,.,- uf >|„iilari,v .,ri,.,.tat,..| „,i,.a-f,.iN. a^ >1„,wm In tl„-
...•oomrnn.y.if. Fi^ur,. 11. Thus, the mi,-as ns a rule ,Io not wr, p ar.„m,l th,.
.• .,st,e u-raiiis but an- grouped in strniKht lin.'s or zones which an- cut off
- .arply by the yrau.-. It is ,.|,.ar that i„ ll,i. .-as.. ,1,,. ,.,.l,i,,,„i,v pr.„i,„.,.,l
l>y the ..ommon ori.ntati,,,, ,.l ll„. ,„H.a> i, M..t .l„o either t,, -!„.arinf.' of tl,..
roek or t,. the rotati..t. ,,f ,,r,.-..xi^tin;r -eri. it- at..l hiofite hut; is .hu- to th..
.Tystalli.ation of ih.-s.. ,„inerals with their .-leavatr.-s Ivin- perpen,li,-„lar t.,
Ml,. (1, recti.. n of a i-oinprp-sivo f,)rt:-e.
Th.. s,.hist,isity is almost always parall..! t,. the b.-thlii,- Part of th..
.....tatuorphistu „,ay hav.. tak, >i plac aft.'r th,. o|,l s,.,li,„ent.s w..r,. t„r.....l „„
..., ei^r...^ n,.w,n-er, the fa,-t that the flat-lyinp san.lstones an.l arpillites of tl,..
l-.'W.s. (,alt..n, and Pur.M.ll .eri.'s show sitnilar fissilitv an.l reervstnlli/ati..n
seems t.. indicate that most of the reerystallization of the Wolf and orerlvinr
f..rn,at,„ns waR eomplete.l before the u,.tur„i„tr. 1„ M... pre-..„t .-a-,. ta.,.M.,',ti.,I
...re.. s,„,ply ,.mnpl,.t,..t a pro...-, wbi.-h l,a,l b....„ n.arly fi„i~h,..l „„,],; ,..„',.
..iti..ns ,.f siati.. melaiiior|.lii-i,,.
■n... mi..ros,...p,. .1,,,.,, thai th,- t-,.MM...,r ..1 (1„. ..oars.-r >a,„lst<,n,.s j. ehar-
^■""''■'-''p'".'' ' '•"P'-rthit,. or n.i..,.,„.li,„.. ( )r,i,..,.|a-.,. an.l ..lapior-las,- are v..rv
rare an.l ffe„..rally .,..„. t,, fail altoir-.ther. The ini,.n.perti,ite. like th.. ...i.^a^
'"■■■"■'"' •""' '■''■''"•^ ^"" "•'i -^f the .pnirtz. show, ..vi,l..„,... of havi,,..- ,|..-
in r.,1,-, ,„ nil , ini ! ^ -i ,!>.\..,it i.- ,^
■bESMONAL PAPER No. 25«
>'l'1'.,| .liiniii; til. r.-.-r.\,iiilli/iiiiMi, .,1 tl,, ,, ,L \ ,, , ,
t::.n:S;l:1-::,*::;r::;::;;: --■'■' '-^^^
, , "';"'""•■'' •■'■ 'Im' ......r„,K.rt.„.. ,. „, „„,.,„„„-,.ln.- ..,,..i„ , , ,
-i:'J^^:;:i~r:;;:::i::: :;:;;:;■:::, ''^^^
;;; ';";,-'-•>; <!'•) i- or ,„.. ,....r, lur'i:::tZ-:tC'iZ:t;^
'li- trI.Npar IS ,,t ,„rtaiiinip|,l,. oii. in "ini... tli.it
.;.;.,;•'- ■■','' •■ : •'"'- -1.1 .itmi, „,,„..., t>,„„
l)l:«liNKY FulOfMins,
H,V in-m-ihlr fc'radaiion- ili,. \\",,lf fnrn.,t; „, .. • . .
-..rl.in^ D<.«.d„oy f„n„a,io„. Tl.o , ' "' i ^ I;.;,''- '',/' "'T'"'''^
■me In it. tvi,;.,! I^- 1 . >^ par.iniuir tli.'in i, tliu- an arl.itiarx
l'"l,niiiinr <irl!,,ii n' llrirr?,,
•'I >On>irif!ori.
I'"l'. i.'i,i,.ni,iil,l,- has., of Kippl,. f„inii.ti
'•' <'Oars(" (Oiinlonierato. ' "^"*-
',:" .'. .iianil.-d <iuaitzit...
-:■* < iialsi- t'Olii;l<]|ii,.iatp.
1.-'" ■ Thick-bediUd, l,ji,,l,a iiua-tz.tu.
L'.IIWI
lill-
O'llt, ni,;ibli tcit, ,.t \V,,lf t,
I iiiatio.
. j;^ ^r;^, "^ -^ -r r: s;::;,,rL;;;r-L:-T™;;
.x^'.. Ihcso rorks Ko.irrally ^vatlier -ra.v aii.l „„lv rarclv brown Tin, i
V ■" th>okn,.s>. Ihoy are <-<,mpos,.,i ,,itlier of sinpl,. strata of qi.art/lt,. or
;; .:* i,rT"T "t^^ •' "'^'''^ ''"'"■•""^' ^-<i-ton, <:j::i1;;.;„ :
UK larLnllifH in altiTnatmu lavfro.
2 GLORGE v., A. tgtj
Till' -ii'n'lv iiniii- ■ ill.' .!,irk-i'.il...ir>.|, i.m* •.ir','ill.i..uij4 l.r(|. in iIh'
•lirMlsl..I|c 'U;;i'i»t.i| llic llillllr "LilUrr I!mI|.|i'i1 (^lUllt/ltf ' u^ Mi I'lirl.V (li-lmiil-
i;..ii f.ir till" r.iriii.itii.n in ili.- lirld ti..|i-. Tli. ;iti.il..L".ii- num.' • I'pimt l!iiii<lr.|
t^iiirt/it. ■ wii* »iiiiiliir|,v ii-iil |.,r ilic l'...|iiw ciiiiirl/ilf vvlii.Oi llk.wi-;r rhow.
iii.irki'd iilt.riijilinn "f iliirl> i\ih| liylii »iliii..ii. 1., .|w.
Til.' (inart/ilr i- -iiiiilMr iii .-. iii|..p.il um t,. tin' lin.' irnuiicl iiIkhi- ..f tli.-
WmIi' r.riniiti.iii mill ini'iU n.. .I.'tiiiliil .lr-<cTl|.ii"ii. T i,. liifht-lititnl. .iftrii
ripi 1' iri.irUi I I cil.s me iiliii..-<t cnlii-.K m.i.l,- u|> ..f tlior.niL'lily iiitirin.'kcil
larl/ triiins. Im twirii wlii.li a f. w -rfii'ili' lniU iii.i.v lir -ii ii. Tin -f lniU :iri .
.!• i\ rule, iippiirciitlv \cr.v p. or in I'. |.|-p,il liic injli'i-iil, lliMUfii if inii-l li' -jid
lliiil tile hiK'cjinciiH i'ullicli-.| arc t.„. frw to affor.l complete liiii'rnscnpic
^•\ iilrriri' iMi thii point. Tlir ilniUiT I. and-, u-hii'li v:ir,\ t'r.ini a t'iiii-l!"ii i.f an
iiii'li Id si'V. ral ini'lic- in tiii'knc-'-'. arc iliartrrd with .nnic l.i.itit<' in Wfj! a-
uil'i till' .ji.niiininl vcii.'itc. wliilr lln' :irri--..ry nj. mm till- (jrain- ari- al.Mn.lant.
'I'lii- '■. ii(.'lii|iii'rati- miirli'iU p' r-it. uiih iirarlv .nn-innt tliii'tvU.-- ami^^
ilii' iiiiir.- Pnuiili' l.li. 'rinr.ii-h.Hit iIliI lonj.' di-lancf tiny -land aliim-t
.■xaitly \ini.al and iiarali. 1 to tin liaialinL' .■!' tlir ipiartziti'. 'I'Ih' i\po>iir<'<
arc ct'trn very liiu- ( I'lalr l:il. Ir.ini llii' lii^dnr iicak^ tiic dark liandi uf the
•(iiijrininivatr rati III' fiiliiiwid with tin. r\i- I'.ir niik-, 'I'lii' virtii'al dij) cNidaiii-
thc rxtraiiniiniiry -trai;jMttif~* nf tin- niapprd iiiit.-r"p nl' tlir I'Mrinati'iii as it
travrrsci tiini.ntain and di I'l' i i.ii.V"n alike. .\i -iMral Ini'nlitirJ tlic pclildi'-
■ if tlif L'L'r>fMit liarid ari' airaii;.'('il in l.iMr- makinir anulc- nf frum .'>' tn 1l'
"itli tlip rnntai't i lanes nf \\w I. and, <dfarly sliuwinw' tin' itnlirii-atid. fiir('--ct
liidilinif nf llu' iilil licai'li.
The pt'lildiM art" WMtrr-wnri; : tin. dianiricr- arc nf all kiiutlw up tn mic
fiKit, avcrauinir llircr ini'ln-. 'I'licy cmi-iit nf nla.--y ipiart/, n'^y •'' Kri"iii-li
ipiartz schist and, rarely, iiliick slate. The sehistnsp (iu'k ven-Krny
cement is iiiuldy varialdc in ci ii-titiitinn. (Quartz irrain- and a few irrain-i nf
altered fi'Idspar am snlinrdinalc da -tic inirrcdiciit-i : inn-t nf the cctucnt i-
cnnipfiWfl (if i-ericite, Idntite, clilnrite, aiul acci --ory niiipiiplitp. Om- dccp-
L'recti. ciitnpuct -iKidiiicn, willioiit vi-ildc [M-lildes nf any kind, prnvcd on inicrn-
sciipio exnniitiatinii to U' made up alnin-t entirely nf felted iddnriti' in wliidi
minute, aiijrnlar, aeees-ory p-riiiiis nf ipiart/ ennid lie seen.
On the sniitheast slope nf Mt. Ripple th. nluniiuo-maKnesian cement has
1)1 pii rather lli..rnn»rldy n'cry-tallized so as tinw tn he a iiia-s of intiteatelv
interlookinR' aniiedra of cnrdierito, 2 to 0-4 mm. in diameter. This mineral
t nelnsps swnrm-i nf minute Mricitp foils and niatrtictite trriiin-. Small lenticular
areas nf prannlar ipiartz hero and there ncenr in the thin section. The deyilop-
nient of cnrdierite at this point, thrfo miles frnm tlio nearest intnisiyp praiiite.
would hardly haye hi en anticipated. Tt is pmhal.ly the result of thermal ineta-
iiinrphlsin hy the underlyimr hatholithic iiinHiiia. nf which the pranite stuck at
the newdn?y trail was n constituent part.
The I'nmiinsitinn of thp-o c'lnplnmerates is, nn the whole, like that nf moot
of the cniiglnmerntes in the Wolf. Monk, and Tniie fnrmations; the youiiccr
hells are. howeyer. iimcli less sheared niiil schi.stose than the older ones.
I'MTt i:
Ki|.l.i.',„H.k.,„l!,|,|,|, ,|„,p„„...,.„i„„, s,„„„„t..fMu„„. I! |„
iir.lulii.ii-. H1111111..T 1. tw.. (.■♦■! 1 ,iiK.
I>.iik |.,,iil„
Rippl.-mark- in Hi|.|.|.- .|ii;irtzit.. : mrativci (casts'
25a-Kil. ii ]i. 151.
><.iir.i' l..i'ality ami ^lalr.
'■yr^
.JL-
lOB^
I
m-
1-:
'VT ^?I ' v*,t:"»^.*'. ■'<#,!;■■■ ■
TfTiWt
.-^M^i^.-«»ite«^'.. -'^-.^ ^'M»l»-
:kmk£j
I 'I MK l,>^
ill
liEI'itltl 1,1 lin: rilii.i AslUdSiniii;
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
I tlio riih- |,,ni.MMl(
riri;ltil.|l ;ll.,,i|I
Tl.o specific Kravity ,„ ,,,0 r,,,,.!,,,,,,.,.,,,. ;n, r.,^v. al.o,,, - -„m ,1,,,
quartzite aii.l rnotargillu,, ■>xr.,^, ;,n,l that ,,1 il„. ul,„I,. f.. ' '
155
.1' thi'
lill'I'I.K FOUMATIIIN
M-
Wheriver flic Dfw.lncy furination
it is cvni'dfiiiiil.ly (ivcrlniii l,v a If
form- til,, ^umiiiii ,,( Mi. i>i,,,,|,
JonrKUi..!,. Tl,r,N- o..in,.l..t,. s,.,-ti...,.s w, r.. „!,.;,<,„■,..
lying b,t\v.,.i, Wnh' rrvik ■^y^\ tl„. l;,,uiiJarv li,.,.. '
I!niiiiilary Lrlt.
i|iiarl/itr ulii.-h
th.. i;f|,pl,.
It. wilhin til.
iiavily ii,'.|.!i-.l 111.1-- (if uliiir
aii'l ha, ili.rclnn. I,,.,. 11 iiaiii.^1
1 1111 as many riili:i--uiiiiiiil^
,, . -. I ill' whf.h' iiia>-iv<' fniinil lull
Jh/in^iiSi^rsin':: '"- ^•'■^'"^^ -'' '- -^''-' -"- -""'- -- of
Tile tliickiio-
ir rifrion; Mi,-h niitrmiis arc V4Ty favoiu-ahir tu stmly
th.. .IV r,„'"V,T'"" "* "■'"'"'" ''"'r'y "■""■*""' ^'t all iiu- i,„.,iii,i,.. ,.xa,„i>u.:i.
Jor ihU Si:;!. " ■■'-^•"■'■'"•■'"^ -'""^ l-Mat. f„.t as ,110 „„.t ,„„l,aI,lo valuo
Tin. Uipplo forniati..ii .-..ii-i-t- ..t' a r.iiiai-kahly 1
I>lat,.,l .iiiart/itu. hroakiiifr will, a -..ii,,n,,is m.-iaili,
Ilion. ai'o i.rac.tically ,10 inU'rhoiK ..t' ,,lh, r mat. rial
the roek i- w'lite. Imt ll.>4i-iunk an-l lithi y
general .'olnur ..f the wcatliercl -urt'ac.s '
yellow wliioh is characteristically <icci.l..urizi-,l t
of lichens and nfli,.r plants. Tlic .■tT,.|.ts ..f the.-.
111.
. nam, \.ry iii.,i\ily
'ii.h.p th.. Iiaiiim. r.
Icmiiiant .-..hinr .if
an- ciimiiiiiii. 'j"hi.
. i- a hriu'lu hnfT-
l\Vl-ll t'llli'S
nliiiir .joiiii-
sno\v-\vliiti> thr.iiijrh the a-'eiii.y
f, , , - -....,.,-. ...iloiirs anion- tli(> cxtcn-iv..
tejsenmcers above the forest-cap are as beautiful as thev
IT, 1-^ an.l, 71 B.)
A principal feat-
proscrvcfl ripple-ni,
ings n.-e exposed in
ness I if several Imndn
are strikinj.'. (Plates
f th,. qiiartzit,. is th,. o,.,.,irr,.nc... of extn>melv \v,.ll-
■irioiis li..rizons. On .Mt. Rii)plo itself these mark-
-IHjctiicnhir fashion. I,, bed after b,.,l for a tlii,.k-
. ^ ■ , . , . ,.-\f"Pf<l»''-thesnrfa..,.s of the ,i!.l san.l w.r.. m.nihled
Mito typical npples ot highly varied orientati.m (Plato 1-i). .Vs exposoil on
be,ld,ng-planes these marks are to-day apparently as sharpK marked as thev
were when each bed was just eov,r,.d by the next wash of sand Whole cliff's
are ornamented with the strong ridg. s and troughs of the ripples t'lemselv, s
or with their negative impressions. Occasionally a slab of the frost-riven rock
shows the crimponnd ripple pattern of pits ami na.nnds wlu.re the s,i„„, ..„„i
layer was sub.iect to two succ^niin.,' .-nrrents sotting from different directions
Sometimes the ,|uart/ite is fissile along the plan.s of such rippled beds onlv ■[
centimetre or so thick, but as a rule, the rock breaks out in large massively
constructed slabs a half metre to a metre or more in thickness. In the task of
reducing the i^-ak., formed of this stnlil>.,rn r.ck. the frost uses joint-planes
rather than bedding-planes. (Plates TO, B and Tl, B.)
The (juartzite is extremely simple in composition. T'mler th,. mierosi-ope it
IS seen to lie essentially made up of subangular. or much more rarelv. round,^,i
grains of glassy q„artz from 0] to 0-4 mm. in diameter. These are ..emente.l
by yet more granular quartz and some accessory shreds of sericlto. The quar'z
grams are usually straine.1, if not actually fracture.l. Probably more than 00
166
I'llwUI MhM <il I III. l\li inni;
■*Si'
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
por cent, by wei^'ht, of tlio iiveninc mi'k i- ■|uait/. N..t .i frrain of foMspiir was
-(•I'll ill tliiii >(<'li(iii .111(1 tlicrc i- :i >iiiyiilMr luck c.f ilic iii-ccs-nric- runii.i in tlic
-urri.iiiidiiiy l'..iiiiuti(.in>. 'I'lii- (piiirt/ili- i~ .-1. iir!y t h. nu.-i lii^lily -ilin.Mis
hiciiiImt .■!' the Siitiiirit .-t-iio.
■|'hi' -pcciti(> uravitifs df two t,v|«' ,).. ciini ii> u, r( t'..iiii.l in Ix- iv-|H'c-ii\cl.v.
:.'i;.'..". ;iiii| L'.fifi': tlu-ir .'iveriiLjf. -i i;,".>. i- \iv\ <■]: — ■ i,, tin ;ivcniu.- i'mi- tlic wlmlc
tdi'Mi'lt iltll.
Hi.I.IIIM; l-ilKM \Tl(i\.
Till- Kipplf .iiiartzitc iia--cs witli x.iiic ;il.i-u|.th(<-~ int.. tin I'.irinnhlv
.ivcrl.viiif; Bceliive iVrniation, >o named aftci' il.< tyi.ical ...•(•iin-(^iic<. .ui lii.<.liivc
iiioiintiiin north of Lost creek. Ot' this f.iriiiatii.n i\v,. .■ |il,-ii. ^,M-ti..iw anil
lorn- (.ther partial sections were travcrsecl. 'I'll.- host cxpi.-ni-cs williin the heh
were I'eund on E(_'ehive mountain ami on the ridge ovcrlookinp. from the north,
the smith f.irk ..f the Salmon river.
'i'ho fiirmation is heteropenei.n-, yei tlie recurrence of a ni--iy-wc:ithcrinf,',
(luart/.itic rock-tyiK! is so constant tlir..iiirhoui the uh.'le mass that it has -ecmed
expedient to include many thousands ,.f fci t ,.( tlie-(^ hcds under one f..r'na-
tional name. 'J"he total thiekiio.ss is only roii<rhly estiinat<Ml hut it is helieved
to In. 7,000 feet at a ininiimini. .\t l?(>ehive inonntain it.-( If there are over !l,(fli(i
feet (d" these strata well expos,.,!. \,„i i,t that sei'tion. then- i- |hi>-ihly .some
relieiition of lieds by overtiiriis, ;:. .\~ wiili the majority nt' the ineinh.^r.s of
tile Summit series, .suitable h.. zoii-mrrkers f.ir a d<. finite and workable s;,l,.
.iivisi.iii of the liujre -Oilimentary mass, are very rare. (In the western -lopi.
of U. (hive mountain a r,(l-t'oot l»>d of liiia-l.,,ne is iie'lnde.! in the tieM se,.ti,,n
and will li.' tioteil in the coliininar section of the t'..i-niali..n. Init it was not
~cen .mtcropiiinir at other localities so as t.. hi' a really -crvh-eahh- hori/on-
luarker.
.V further ditlienlty in yiviiig ., pri'idse litliolo;;ical d< -cript i..ii of the forma-
tion oonsi-ts in the r<latively liiph dynamic nielamorphi-in wliicli has affected
the m.ass, especially in the iip|ier part. The only tolerably <rood exposure of
that part, within the belt, occurs on the western slope of Beehive mountain.
This section was studied in bad weather and but :i very limitcl tiinc cmild
he devoted to it. although it is tlie l.icality nio-t favourable to the discovery
o!' the iirincipal facts eoneerninfr tlu- upi)er one-third of the formation. At
this locality there is apparent conformity with the Lone Star schists, but there
■s a chance that the ap|varance is ,i,:,. i., the intense mashinpr which ehnrae-
terizes this local area, a dynamic eifect wheieby tlie conformity of the schistose
-tructures in the two formation- sinmkitos conformity in the dips and strikes
of the true iK'ddinKplanfs. This (pnstion of conformity or non-conformity
l)etween the T.one Star and f^eebive f .rniations cannot be solved with infortua-
tion now at hand.
.\ c..iTi|)ilation of the facts derived from the six field-aections led to the
l"ollowinfr cflimmnr section. Tt will be understood that if cannot ju-etend to a
hiijrb defrree of ne'll.
-\« ilhi-iratcd by 'I'alilo I. and I'iati' I'n. the Im-i ol iIm- K t. im ni-r i- aocordiiifily
correlated with tlnse two liori/oii-, wliilo ilio t^]' i- .iiiinitily tiwd at tin
Puro.ll I.ava.
The <,'ro-toii ipiart/iti' wa-. in tiio tioM. di iTi n nliali d t'r.an rlii- Kilchfiicr
quartzitc by the iKMi-ferruyiiious .baraoin' ;iiid lowir -Tal iuraphio position
of tlic older formation. The yiay ipiarlzit.- and aruilliti - ..f th< .\i>pckniiny
and ^lacUonald < orre»|iotid. even in detail- • l' o(!..iir. .■..nipd-ition, ripple-
iiiarkiiiKs. etc. to the top be<ls of llii> (re-ton ipuirt/ip . iln' reddi-b beds of tbi'
Ilisft.v and lowermost Apiiekuniiy are loii paralleled. -■ I'.ir a- kii"\vn. by reddi-li
beds ill tbo Crivston, bnt may be e<|naled witli tin -.iiM\\i!at ni-tydirown strata
which oerasionally occur in the Crouton at b^ri/on- l,.".ii(i f i , t ,,|- more Ik'Iow
its summit. Similarly, tiieic 1- no eviileni lilbolo;:ieal eipiivalent of the Altyt
anywhere witliin liie Crt^-tou as exiMi-ed in tbe lli.undary bel'.
'ril4! jierfect I'oiifornuty within eacb ,.f ibe tliree t:reai -< rie- i-, however.
a stroUK arjrument for considerin^r <'ven ilw -Ironfjly e,,ntra-tinfr Altyn dolomite
and C!re-ton ipiartzitv as stratiirraphii' eiiuivalent-. Tbc ma-sive Waterton
dolomiti' is similar in lielddiabit to certain |iiiri- ,.f the ea-tern phase of the
Cpestou in tile I'uri-ell ranf;e. Tiie vi;;oron- upinrniiiL;- •■!' the fault-block-
in that raiiKC lias occasioned the expo-nre of a -pieiidlv yi-eat ibickiie>s of
beds tillintr the antdent neosynclimd: the lowir ouedndf ••( the Creston forma-
tion as exposed in the Boundary belt -eein- t.. 1m- ,.M, i- tiian the iddest ImmI-
exposed in the (ialton, Clarke, or Lewis ranyes in the -ann bi it.
The litholofrical contrast- between tbe ilitTerent inenduT- ..f tlii' Summit
series when compared with tlie members ..f the I'lii-e. 1: -erii-. is almo-i a-
great as the contrasts existinvr between ihe l.iwi- and I'ore 11 fornnition-.
Moreover, in the correlation .d" the wi^-tern -eiie- «!■ lum no c'alum-plane
of ab-olnte conteinporain'ity sncii a- •In- I'nrc II I.ava afford- in the ca-teri;
l>!irt "1 the uiilc LieM-yni'linal.
if ' 'I
I
I
I
ft'
I
^
$
.^
w=i
^ > ■
Lll
i
5s
;.>
I
>3:
l^-s'
1—1 — ~t — ,
^
,/■■',
4
h/tmjo/n o>u J /Dfi/fj
^
^UHJJl
•?
' 1
'^
\
: .':t ■
■;. ;
■■■ij
■'.''' \ ■,
J ::.:..i .'
-VI)!. ii- p. 1(;4.
/.•"■'",■/ n, nil. . iiii.r .>//.., vol//;/, leg
-ESSIONAL PAPER \o, ^'ja
■ ^'^^■';';^''-'--. ■■'■ 'i.,. S.nnn.it -. ri. , ,|„.,v :. , ,-. rv ,l,i '
, : ' •/"/■■"•'^''■'>- -^'l-I.Mn... . y., ,|,i,.K., ,,„„, „f ..PK
u;,l, ,!,;„ •■ : : ,' 'V- "'^'"^'-^ tln„-l„.,|,|..,|. n|,|,l,-,M:,rk..,l. .,,,1 .-lu,.,,,,!
-U.cioi.s -,.r|,,n.-,.r- ,.,r i,ii,^ ,,.,.,.,,,.
''"•"■fZ"'- '■•' !-.r rhi.'k,. 1-, l-,in,.lv
"ill, tiiin ini.Ti,. ,- ,,. ,i.,rk -v.y , l' "'""•',','■"• '■'I'l'" •'"^"'l- 'i- ^"',1 .-lu,.,,,,
Kit-h.n,-,- ,„.„•.. i„. .Mnn ,:; ,1, ",:'"" 'V"''; '~ '"'-""^'1^ >i'"il;„- ,„ ,1„
.111,1 l'l,-,r,. •.,, |.!,,, ■.,, ,., I " '~ • ■""I •'■■' li-",, ill ti„. .-..nvlalinu Ml'
; ■ ':'■'■-, n-,.l.,ti„:j- ll„. l),.u,l,„.v will, t..
""• "'•'"■'• ^ '■^'■•)>- vi.w. .I.,,„ln,„.,| -i,„.,. ,l,i, ,li,.
•■-i-n.!al,..l will, (1,.. ,\r,„j,
lvit<-l„'llil
I !i,'"l.iii.ly ,.|T. ii
iii'i': il,',- i'.-|,r. -.mil
ill'i,!,, ua- .li-aUh.
Til.- J... 11.. St:,,, -.-iii-t. u. I
.l.i.H.i,,.. '"■•"• '"' '•-"••'^"•^l-I from »h,. ,l,„„i„,„, rV...ton
i:r;;;;';!::';n?'::,','':7^''i^ ov,.ira,„n,,.:,,: ,■■,:,.„„„
l^lllV lilixi .i. Ii
'I'; ' '■■ -l.„, ,|nart/it,. with ll„.„. ...rni.ili,,,,.. rs-'nu]-
-' 'i^ni tn..l...u-.|,„.y.\V„l|-a,Hl\|,..,k I..,-,,.,, i„„-
'"' 'l-'niDMi.r ,|Mai-|.. ni,l, whi,.], , |, ,.,„,„i,,
ninnii, -,.,„., .,:,„,,,,. , ;^. ■;":"• '"- IliKiMa.i,,., „„,,,.„.„„,„„,
...i-p.niur,., lii' :c,,:i,, ;■,;;;:::;■':■ 'I'l- f-M-p.,- i- .,.,..- „„„,,
within ,l„. S, i.r -,.,.■. ''■.'■■ri"!''''/''-'-'^-'''' "• '" "■■ 'i"M tl-t
IS a kin.l ..t' :'(.--!
;- '■■nna,,,,,, 1,,.1„„. ,1,.. Ili,.,,'.. ,,„art.i„.. 'I h,. f.-hl-,,,,-
to vi,.v in rl,.. I!n,;:.ia;;. u";. " " '""'^' ^^''""'""' ^•^">"'- ''<'<->• tl.nHt „p
ir t),..
,■• !.-.|'..i;-,,ii;.. .-..nvlaiiMii i. ,.,,nv.-t. ,1,
ni..i,,),.lin,. ,,(• rh,. S'.-lki.k
::;;:;:,;^:;-:::i.,^-:;;;:;:7;:;-vt;:;;.;r;:;:,^^^^^^^
iplit't.^ uhi.l, ha\..
,,,,. I ;, ,. , . . ' *'" "■I'<"ili',l ..i-Miivni,.
""■'' "■'"''' ' .iinl'nMi, tun.. In th. '<,.lk;i-l- ■ tl, „i i
pnsni may If. ivpv,... .,,,,„! 1,,,, ,i„. ,..,,. „, , ,. , >' n.iiK- tli,. wh,,],.
1 '■ ""t III.' .M„„a. ma-hniL- un,l ..tai„n,.,,hiM,i ..( the
■I'v^iiiitli I'arall._.l
upiXT hc.K \.
very olwoure.
nir 1,1
;l,.'ir -ifatiL.rai.hi.. man. n- ai Ihr
:ee
inii'MriMUM i>r mi: i\Th:inoi(
IH
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
8TSTEMATIC VARIATION IN R.JCK-fllARACTER OF THE GKOSYXCUNAL AT THE FORTY-
NINTH PARALLEL.
A stu.ly of tlie .■orrelatiun plato (Plate 20) pnd tht- foregoing descrip-
tions show that all four of tin^ se<iiineiitary series fit into a single scheme
of rock-Kcnesis. Distance from tlie ancient shore-line, oflF which the many beds
were deposited, is the main key to the sclieine. It is ahout 120 miles from the
thick nionoclinal section of the Sinninit scries in the Selkirks to the spectacular
monoclinal section of the Lewis series on Oil creek in the Clarke range. The
east and west line jnining the two monoclines is not only transverse to the
existing mountnjn ranges but is also the line of cross-section through what
seems to be the thickest part of the great stratified prism. In the western mono-
cline the sediments arc largely littoral deposits.— coarse and fine conglomerates,
coarse grits and coarse and fine sandstones. In the eastern monocline the sedi-
ments are those characteristic not so much i.f very dc«p water as of mere
distance from the inimediati- s-iiore-liiie. th<- home of turbulent waves, strong
wave-erosion, and powerful transi'ortation of coarse detritus. The members
of the Galton and Pnrcell series represent the expected transitional formations
Ketween the two extremes.
In general the prism is litliologically homogeneous in its middle part and
harhly hpt< rogeneoiis in the zone of shore-deposits, and also highly hetero-
gtneous in tlie eastern end of the section, far from the old shore-line.
An estimate has l>een made <>f the relntive proportions of conglonierate,
grit, sandstone, argillite (metargillite), and limestones occurring in each
memb»;T of the four series. The results of the estimate have been tabulated as
follows : —
m
I
s
REPORT OF THE ClllKF ASTRoyoMKR
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
167
Table U.—Show
'*"''in7r^n'Y''T^ cAarac^er of the four standard sections
in. the Rockii Moiintfiin (leoaunrUnal.
L' trin Srrieit -
Kintlii
•Slc<|>|«iril
Siy.-li .
IJriiiiii-ll. , .
AiiiK-kmiiiv.
Altyii . .: .
Total, 13,4(10 fct.
1
|-
rrrr '
— . — . _
rarlionate
1
1
rfK'k^.
Arttilliti.
S
imUtMne.*
lirit.
Coll
(:l'>iiiiT!itc.
.
Kftt.
i-
F.Tt.
K.-t.
K.-vt.
Kwt,
i'if<
liiii
.VO
10
111
2,200
1,71 Ml
1,200
2011
.•WO
7r.
1,81m
72"(
:i,oiNi
,"iOO
200
«,0;-l5
5,4*t
<iillti'n Herin .
Kcwvill,. .
I'liilli,« ..
• iiitfvviiy.
Siv»-h
^^ iK^< am
.MiuDoiiald.
H.ftv
Altvii
500
a.-i
l.SOO
30<i
1,025
2.0(10
.too
i,ir,o
UKI
50
(i5ii
l,!ll.-
lOtl
200
;i6:.
200
illHI
S.W
(!."iO
2,.")iiO
11,32
.•i,2l>i'
Total 12,iriOfi-pt.
Pun-fll SfTiei : -
Moyie
Kitclieiier
Crt'Hlon
100
lOo
2,^00
l,.S(Ni
500
4,200
1.00(1
I), 1 100
!»,0(J0
Ifi.OOO
Total 211,300 feet.
Summit Strita .—
Lone Star
K'Ppl"
Dewdiiey, .
Wolf ... .
Monk
Irene eonRlomfratt-.
1,400
1,450
60
250
2i6«6'
200
^.TOO
Oik I
."),."iO(l
l,tK>0
1,")00
wjo
2,000
200
250
700
4,000
12,6,50
!,20<J
i,S,-.il
Total 26.050 fwt.
'tIk^
'l'k?i^;?i'!'' '"'■'.' ^""^ ''"^''"'••■■' "'.e '(•""■tzitrs, which
Cre.to„ an,l Kitclu-M-r ty.K.; Z m; stricilr" sS "''"••"''' '*'""""'''■•' '" ""• ^"^ "' "-
ii
i If
f y
-i i (
ill
108 III l'\irnii \T «</■ •////. i\ii i;i(>U
2 GEORGE V„ A, 1912
E.xpr. 3-e.l in i>,iviiiliii;c- \\\,- |iiY,i>,,riinii> nf llir ditTi'ivnt kin.l- of ?fili-
nieiit-. .iitrrl acci.riliiiu'- 1" tliirkuc-^. aro: —
K.uliH.
Siiniiii't I'uirtll (iiilt..ri
Srllt-w. S»tlf:*. S»'rM -.
• ',111^1,. Hi, rati' . .
liijt
Saii'l-tmic'
Ar^illiti- 1.
Carl^tji.-a*- pick"
.'r.">
II It
ll-M
!l ■-'
II II
II (1
Ml 1
7 s H
111 s
|(. IM
-'II 7
re' I
II n:;
II ;■)
•n 1
Mill
lIHJ II
101) II
II n
II :;
10 :.
liai u
Tlie i-onc^poiiilin}.' iHTiTiitaL'o.s for tlw n^iin-tivo ]n\r\< of fiii'li <(<rir'- wlii.-li
arc s-tuitiyraphic .■iiiiival. iits of tlio wliol,. Caltoii soric^ (tin. leiwt I'oiiii.l.t.'
Si'Ction of tl:c four) tire apiiroxiniatoly as follows: —
'"mckf" -^'Vll"-- San,l»to„,.. (irit. f'""!;^!;;"'-'-
Ijtui-* Si'i'ifs , , ... .'lit ",.", ].•,
< lalton Sciii's "jii :^'> -js
I'liro'll S.rii - iwr-tirn |ilia>il. . S) 7.')
Suiiiiiiit S.rii'* . .. .. uiiil.r 1 is (II li !)
A- tho f..rinatioii9 aro followed rastwanl from tlio siinimif nf the Selkirk-,
the coiig-loiiierat.s and grits of the iiiiinodiate sliore-zoiie are ri'piaciil liy -and-
i-toiies. Tho saiidston.'S aro lai-fol.v roplaccd by ar^jillito^. Finally, still fartlii r
east. ai-f;illit<'S aro larfrcly repined by more or le-- impnro doloniito. Tln-o
lelati'.n- aro illu<tratod iu tho synfhotio diafrrani of I'lat(> 2\.
Iho sy^-tomatic elmrac!-.r of tho oUoiiiical variations encoimtorcd aloiijr
the oa-t-wost section of llio pri-ni is woll shown in tlio analyses of ;Mos<r-.
Dittrirh and Crniior. Those aiialy>cs wliic-h coiro.-poi.d to typos of oontoiii-
poramous strata in the l'\ir>'oll and Kooky .Mountain >ystonis have hooii ontond
in tho two followin.^- tahlos I 111. and IV.). Xoiio of tlies<' soleoted analy-os
o.xart'y rei.ros,n!s tlin avoia>;o composition of a formation hnt eaoh ditTi-rs
from tho ( orris) findiiifr avorajie in ooinparativoly minor deproo.
Table III. illnslrates the ohoniioal oontrast^; between the Kitchener quartzite
and it- oa-torn i fpiivalont. tho .^iyoh maLiiio-ian limostone of tho <!alton an.l
Clarko lan.co-. Col-. 1 and •". lot'or to -i ooinifiis oollortod at points abo;it
ciylity live miles ai>art.
l'm. '■'liltiVti
w-Jim-m
•»i
•1 h - I' !■
!
1 r : ■
^
1;t
- ^^A.-----
''• ^ :.
- T-. ~i -
41
III
' I:
.-{
Ill
k.-:;3isai__
'/A''
"P™^
/.'/ roin III I III I nil I I -//.•ii\..;;/ /,■
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
I Mill III. .\l,l,,ri„,, .„,iii,„^;i;„,i ,,f ,,p,,iillr,it l'„, ■„,„//,,„,
160
Si(»
V I ,< i,
I :■;•'.
r.u
MnO
\Iku
(•;iCI
Nii.O
K i>
11,1 > -
H,'u
I'n
('",.'
'O,
■>l'. ill-
I.
Kili'li. II. r ;
"i»t. Ill
I'
•lit
;i "I
I i>'\
1 :ii;
.'II
I •.'"
!■•
■IM I, ..I 1., lit. Ml .Sn, U 1 I., ,,,.
■• !!• - ; iiiMM .,| .. II,.. : II,. ,,,| ,f
t«. ,111. il\-. . t«ii ,111, lU-. .
tr.
UK) :ft
•_' IIHii
1 10
IK
■J :4s
! 17
."•I
I.-.
]iMt m,
■-' 7i;
'rnlil.' IV. -I'im-i tlii^ -iniiliir •■nutrii-t- Ictun-n ih,. v,,-lriii aii.l . n-i.rii
Iiluiji - of ilir Cn sliiM t'l.niiiili.ii wh. 11 r iiiip^ircl with i%irii utliir ainl \\'j\ rip
>.viii'lii'..ii,iii< Altvii f..i-iiiiiti..n iif il„. (;.ilt..ii :in.| Clurk.' r .iiy.-, C,.]-, I .:.,■! 4
-ct'iT 1.1 MiM-iiiii II, rnllr.'tnl nt |i.iiiit- 111.'. lit HHI nillt- ;\!.art.
I .Mil.i: l\'. Slitiiriii'i ' iiiniKisilioii iif ,iiiiliiil,,il i'',nii(iliiiiix.
r.-t..ii. u. -t.rii ('iis|..M. .a~t.iii l'i.|i,
l'lia>.-. |.li;l-... (;„
SiO,
Ti< )'.
AV»V
F,-,().
KiO .
.\lnO .
MnO..
CilO
\il.,(»,
K.()
Hjo-
H,( I
IV).
CO.
\llVll ,.1 1.. .M-
-11.-; .,...,1, .,f
tin. ♦■ .ilui'v-f--.
V.' l'l
.M I,,-,
L*<i
'7
1^* J-
40
S Mi
7 >.*»
:(
'I-
I 4 .
4!l
171
us '
"U
1 :<.s
:i.^
•'
tl.s
4-;
It:!
■,vi
-.i i;7
IJ
'.**.*
!•; 4',
s^'
15 II'.'
III
. !.*>
■_'. 1 'h'^
- til'
1
t'l
"'4
■J 41
T n.-i
1
l<>
>"."i
IIM
III
li
37
1 >1
1
1 "7
*H
l;{ (i.'i
•-".t
It
:;."' H7
—
... ._
.
imi 112
'.r.i !i:i
KKI
4i'>
I'Hi 2:1
2 t!8l
•J 1.44
■2 •
li,
2 7;''J
^''M'l
I
II
m
l"o iii:i'Mn\ii:\i ni nil iMiitiou
2 GEORGE v., A. 1012
In l...tli -rri.w of iimiljs- tli.. „i)-.lul. ,,ti...iii. ,,f .■ii.'li ..xj,|,.. ..x.^pf CiiO,
AlgO, uiiil CO., viiriiM nlmosf in Miiiplo iiiviTsc prop.irtion to tlio (iimntity of
(cal.-min utid iMiiKiiir.iiitii) ciirlmnatf wliicli vuWr- inf.) tlm .liffprciit rooks. It is to
be iiotf.1. liowov.T, timt in tlif non-cnrl.oniifc |K)rtion of ea<'li rock, tlie iron oxides
incr.M-e us tin. .,,nl<iit .f . iirl".iii,i.. in.T.a-.-. Tlir im.i, ,.;,rl..,i,i.t.' p.,rli..ii<
liavc Ip n .HJ.nhit.Hl |„ Iiki. -Il,,, „<•«• icT.<'i,tm t" \h.- \r.,u ■■xi.j... in (!»■
reapi'Ptive m.'k, arc ii.,Nd in lli.. fi.llMwinK lull. :
hitilierifT, wc-tiTii |iliii>f .gg 3.01
Niyih. Ualfon MTied n-^ i.g;
^ivdi, Lpwiit t'erii j .. ,. \ 3.30 280
♦'ronton, wphtern phnM- .49 ].3g
f'rp'.ton, fastcrn nliiif* n,tt, |.»-
Ul-p.r AUyn. Oulton s.-ri.*.. .'. .. ':."..".:'.:.:.:':. 5.44 7 00
.Mtyii. Lewis xenos 3.20 j.70
I'll lat ..xpr..s,i in 111,, ml.!.. >r,..-, i^r f. .'xplaiu tii,. iniM-li -tn.nir.T
rust.v or huff tint of tli. w,.iith..rc,| n.ok l'ii..Mrl.i.nt ili,. Cilton iin.l l,,wi« ...rii-i
a^ .oinpiind with tliat nf il„. ,.,|„ivalont >(rata in ih,. I'unvli „r Simnnit ^crios
I nilrr w,.alli..rinn .on.iition. liie rnrLonalo ,,f tl„. ..n^l.Tn n.rk, i> .ji^milvrii
out. J.Mvmi,' tlie more iiwolul.lr, iVrrufjinoii- ii.atoriai in tlio wontiaro.) .•ru-t.
TJi,. lot'nitnlati.u ..f llio loiffwi atlicriop .Moniil.- i-. in part. al... prol.aMv
iluo In II,.. prc^onoo nf a Miiall aiiinnnt .,f il„. -i,l..rit.. .iinl,.,.|il,. in the ,.a.'l.onat.'..
\\ niaiiy li„ri/,,n, th,. nnn-.!,.lnniiti.. ^n.lini.nt- lik. ■«!-,. toiol In Uh ».
moro lerriiginous in diroci piop.rtion tn tlu'ir respjctive dlstunces from
the ol.l ,lior...lin.. in tlio «, st. Thus, llio ,l,.op-r<.,| nntarnillilo- and ipiartzitos
of tho Kintla and (irinnell fonnations aro < oiin,.,.!.. 1, ihrnnirli »li.. tnmsitionnl
Phillip- and Wijfwain forniiitioiis. with tho rii-tv -hrnwn Mnvi.. natar^rillifo
and Kit.. il.. nor .piartzito, both nf wliioli arc 11. .'1 I,.-, .liaiw.rwitli ir ...ni-
pounds. In thrir r..spP(.tivo >orics T.r.O f,.,.t nf I'iiiliip- ivd hi-.is ((ialto' .-ios^
oorrcspnnd to the 8(iO feet of Kintla red hcU- il..ui- Mri,.s1 ; sirnila. l.-^OO
feet ..f Wifrwam red hods (r.alt..n mtL's) ,■ -nv-i^ui.! m nv.T I..-.1 f,.,.t .,f
(^.rinnell n .1 l.,.,N ( U.wis s..ri..s). The Kiiilla an.l IMiilliiw together f..rm a siih-
pri~m . f r..l Mcks whi.'h f.'atlier< mit t . ii..tliiiiir -..iii.'uli.T.- alx.iit the nie.linl
line of tiie Pun'oll ranjre. Tli.. (iriiin. 11 an.l Wi-waia form a s....,..,.! s,ih pri^in
of red rooks whioli al^o runs to a f.>ath..i-,-.l-.. in t],,. Pur. .''Is. T|,;. uppormost
l>e.ls of th,. Siy,.h f.innali.in n-l.|.Mi -tmiiylv a- th.. -..,.ti,,iis an- tnlinw.sl
caslvvar.l fr.,in th.. Yahk riwr. Ki.ially, th piival.Miis of the crav t..
rusty.frray ;ipp,.r strata ,.f th<. (■r,..toi- aiv dark r .Mi-h-hr,.«-i, in th." Ifoftv
sandstniie of the OalPm r.mt'e an.l an- oitlu.i- ,h.,.p r,..l shales nu.l san.Kt.in.^s
or InitT-w.ntliprinp. impii '. limestones in the !n'.v,.rii,.wt Appekiiiiny.
_ It IS elear that the « t yeopynelinal prisni i- a very hotrropenerois hody.
If is .•oinp.ts .1 ,.f a larjre number of formerly lioriz.iiital suh-i.risius of stratifi..d
rock. Th..-e are iiitiniat.,ly .hive-tail. d toi;etht.r an.l -onie of the siih-prism.s
hav." .-oniplicated iniilfipic ...l;.'-..:'. As a nil,' thes.- , du'.^s ;,r.. n,.t sharp, sineo
th;. ri..-k of nne prism morpes pra.luallv int- tli.. .■onle!np,,ran.>nns nint..rial
of a «iib-nrism of a different rock type.
IPi^.
Uf.ruin in i in: i iiir.r \srH<>sn\iKR
oESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
171
Tho liM,en.,.c in , lit ;;; ■' ;"■■ '■""-"'-■:"'-- with ,h,. li,„..,„„.,
proa 1, HO- "'■;:"^'""'-'' •'•^- ''"• -n..m,,ornn..„„. Crost..,, ,,,„,,;,, .p^
^^i£;;;./yr';t';:zt;;-;;;^rt,.,S!n™ ::;:;:;-:•:,,:::
,,1., ,.,„„,.„„„,, „. ,„,„„„,, „„„„, , ,, ,.,.i,i„„'i. .:„:„;„' ;
r;...j;:;;:::rr';:^:'::;;!;1r'',™;;:::r,;::;; -";,-■ - ■•'
w.,,.,„. «... !.."wlrn::l„:!..-;^zl..t:';i;;..f;::; ;S-';i, -^:;;::t
;~.!:;™;'"""- * "»" ■' '■"■ ' ■"«•'■"■ I""'' '"•" *3
MKTAMOHPIIISM „y TIIK OKOSYNCMN M. PRKM.
,„i **"'>;/ ""\,'"''-'" "o'«''le f.at.re. ,.f ,1,. Monk formation fSur,,-
nouncod „„-r.aso of m-tmnorphio otTeot. ovor tho.,. witn...,od Tn the
scMistositj are inconspicuous structure.* i„ the Volf Rir,.,l.. .,,,1 Pi-
'Z'.h, «;;;;,";','"''" '■"'" "»■-/»"»•'»"•• ti„ ,k,,.i,„.„„ „, „ ..
I
't
i7a
Ifl lUI, • I/' / 1,1 I I.I l\ I i i.luf
:• GEORGE v.. A 1912
-I li vi'iinilir r"'l,« Win piliil 111'. .11 till-
I'l-i -1 III iiiiiiiKil li iii|icf;ihiri' Kiiulii'iu ..(■
I' M'.rik iifhi Ii-i '1.. fiiriiMlioii- iii'Kl !inv
111 I.Mi t.i '■<"! ..r II, r.. ( 'nil'i'mili
hI llii riii'iii..t'iui III' h. «■, du'lMtiKirpIn'.-
li -lrr--l- ..!' Ill..'ilil,lil| lillil liiii.', "•, I-,.
■.'1 .|i^i,.i< ..f lii.iiiii:.... Dill- ,,111 Iinr.llv
('•■riiiii ..'I ,111.1 .1! 11., -I ,Mr\ I'l.i.t ,,f til''
In •'■■,<■ Miiiil. f. r,. ;iiiii ih., iii,.f, u-,, ,,f
"I ii •-' ; 1 . . iinl.iiiiiT:i!ii- l.iiii.U.
I- nil niii'iil ill ii|i|K'iiriiii''e
. I. IuHmIv iiii-hiMiiMl I »c\m|ii,",-
I (il.i-f* /' iiiiil I -ll«l\^• '-fionff
ll'lU'li'li/illt' Illi' li;l«;i! Iri'll.'
1 il !• tl nt «. V. r.il i':,.ii.aiii| f, ... •
I.I ii • .'^l.ii- )(inri,il i 1 .\-«ii 111,,
i.lii'iil I < '. IHT |IH> I'l i-t ..(' ,
luiil Mfi; i-i,il lclii|i. nitn « I
Ii .■ I'viilii.i tliiit 1
iiiiiitr.il- imIi r till' ti-i nil
jjrciitlv liii'ilitiitiil l.\ ill.-,
■v.iiiili-i' iliiit iM rv ■ii(.|iiliir I ., I
Iri'iic t'. riiKii i..M -, li..\v -,.|ii.
'Iw'lirillR U illl ill pill ..(' iiri;;
h, </. ii :iM.| J. Tllr .•..nuliili,.
»^iIll til. .i.irjl..liii nil., li,
li.'riiKii i. 11. < hi ill- i.ilu !■ ,
|iro-«iiri'-lliiltiiiiii;r • r -lii 1 luir. ,
' iiiivl'imi nito.
.\imli.-..ii- r.'lii'!..iH ^^..l .1- - ; ill- riir.Tll -nii.. \V|,;i.. il,,. M.-yi, .
Kiii-'ii'in I. mill iipi.i-i- put . Ii... Cn-tni .. lart/It.. -.I.I..111 -|ii.uv,| ..-lii-inlliy
. vi 11 will. II -Iniiu'l.v .|i.|.,ii,,, ,' ill,. !iiui ■, I,.;- ,,!' til,, r r,,i,,i, ..I'l,.,, ,i;,pl;n,.,|
II tl ll.l.-lii.y tuWiir! tll(> .Icvi.l piM, 1,1 ,.|' .iTM-ili.. ,.|ii-(- «!ii IV ,1, |',,|.,,„.,| |,i nil.. Ill
the ■'aiiir rxi.it. '! hi-, p.ir.illi ! \,-U:<\ 1.. ■!• ..'■ ill.. .-iiiiiiMilt ,111,1 I'ur.ill - i-;, , i,ii,l,,r
i-iniiliii' .1. i,i.iiiii- >tn." t':iviiiii-. ill. .null iii ,,,,iir>i. in. I iipi 'liu^r. il iri-l,!-
liiii: .,l lilt iwi) -iTics ,1- p.iri it' nil,. l^iiK.' ii'iliiiiciitMi-.v prism.
i', icmriil. it iiiiiv hv .t:it«'i| ij.iit. 111. Ill ill,, ^iiiiiiiiii ,,!• tl„. .^ilkir!;- (,. tli,'
<ir,.i., I'liiiiH nil till. K..rt.viii.!lli I'iirilli.|. ll,, nliin. |, .,\ |„ |;,,i.|<y Mmiiit.U!)
<Mii.-.vn,.liri:il tl. n ili'|itli uf ii..iui l'ii,i"iii iVi't l.i'lmv tin. i,,p ■ f ih,. ( 'Mrlii.iiilVr.ius
liiiip-toiio, -liiiw r. «• iiii.i^ lit' uh.it i- i.liiLiiily iiilliil ,Im, ,1,,;,, ,11, .1,11 •pIii^iM.
Illi- ,l,ii< 11, it niinii tliiit tlir -tr;it,i lii\. .|.,i li,.:,| ,Il■,llllr|^ ,i|,|,iiii,,.|, (,,,■ .,a
many (mint- tlii'y iippinm li .,i- n m. Ii \iit iliiv. W'iiliii ilim _'ii.i -f,.,,| /,,„,.
till' -riliimnts Imvi' Ihh'II thnrininlily iinluralnl ami vi r,\ larcilv riiT.\ 'liillizcil.
l,it iiliiUKt I'litircly llui.ii-li -ti.tii' 1 iiin.rplil-iii < Iti'la-lnnv-iii, liiiiinrplii-iniis) ;
Till' iv. i-y-talH/iitinii -ii'iii^ 1,1 liaM. I.,,i iilially ,.,.ii ,1, t, .1 I,. !',,|.,, th,, pvi^ii
Wiii liililiil iiiul laiiltcil. Ililiiu il,. jii.iiiic.f, ,,( /, ,1, ill,, ,,,,,],, „,,,r,. .,, ,|„,],
tcmpi-iMliin < ami |in.>;.iiii -^ that, ulun r,.niiaii,,n 1, lmu, -|.,.,iniii: ami li-.i,'
•lyiiaii •,• tiirlaiiinrplilsiii u itii tin' .-ivai; I ^.-lii-f,,-,. -friK'tn iv- wra, tlic riiK'.
>rKi nil i.iiw II \
1 III; m;i.-\ \, i.i\ u, ri:i-.\i.
I'liriiii; till. lal„.rai,.i-> -tii.ly ..f tin. r,.,'k rnllr, 11,111-, -p,.,-;li.. :;r: ity ilct.-r-
tj.inatiiiii-. ,.t' ihi. -iratiliiil n., i-- wn-.. ..t'tiii I'.iiiinl In 1" ilr-iraMi'. Thi' pur-
pn-i- lit till- ililiTiiiimitiiin- wi r.. -,. variiii'> ah'l tln' iiiimlK.r nf spii-iiiicn.s
!ii.ii<lli'.l <.. I'.iiisi.li I'alilii that it inviilvi-,! Imf litti.- i\fiM tiim. an.l lalKiiir to iimkL-
n fairly .niiiiili-l.. -ot ,,( .Irli-rmiiial imi-; f'.,r flir tytii.'al. t'n-li -pcrii-iPin ,.,■]-
'i- till l.itw.'iii Watrrt,,!! lai;,' .iml tli,. <iiiiiinil ..f tlii' Si-lkirk raii^.-. Tlio re-iilt
!uis l.ia, I., iiiv,. a ti.l, lal.li- iilia ..f llii. aM rati. -|».iilli- gravity i.f th.' .litfereiit
.". riiia'i.ii- ,:.iiip.i<iii:: i-aili liiTii-s.
^'i'f S '^m^^.a^f^vp:
UilUhlUI ,,,,, ,111,1 I.v //,-,, \. . U/ ;,• J7;,
SESS(0\Ai. PAPLH N., 25a
W.I.'Min, ,.„.), ..„1„. ,.. ,!j„^ ,.. „,.. ,|,j,.|^, ,
•"•""";'•,"",-■-"" -I'-it- ..:.>i.v ..f ..:„..,„. ,„ ,,„„■ ,„„, J;., l,"
'7;;'' /';"■•', ■""■""''; '•-" "'"I-" t,„r,-,i„„... „r,l ,„„l ,(.., M
."" ",""• '••■ ;'" il-'- "^'li i .lur.ii..,, ;,n,| ,.,.,„|.n,.,,„-, „f „,,,rlv .11 ,1..
r.r, <"l..,- ...uivrs ..f.,|,.,.,,.„i„,„| ,r,, „.,,,,, |,,,„i. ..I„.,„,l I,. ,|„ ,
■"■'."■''■ "■'"■" '"""'■' '"""■ ' ■•" •■' '•'""• -"•'in- in V, i,l„, „'„r,.|,v , ,,I„.,
rohiilil, :i\.nii;i- for tli.. I.^riiini,..,,- w. r. . .■,,r,..\.
Til. lM||,,«i,,fr t:,M,^ ,i,,lH.,ly (lif ■iril .;,,,,! I,., It-;
Tmhi V SI,,,,.,,,.,,/.. ,„/,„/„/,,/„,,,„,/. ,/,„M^,w „/■//,, f „,,., ;„,;„„„.
//..■ i„lrrh,l,l,,l l.,r,l^.
NnniU. .,1 .|.. ■ri..,kn.-- ,1 A».n.^.
'■""•n- -li.. „ .,, ^1 .,,
"" ''-"f"! l<-it, „ ,|,
i;»it.>ii~ii..« f; '■■'•'■" -' r:i:
S,„..,„.i.. -i... ' .V •-'"-'"" -Till
Tamik \]. Shn.ri,,., //,, cnknUil,:! „,:,„,„■ r/,.,.s,V/rv 0/ ^;„ .•„,„• V, n. s ,v/„ ;,„„
II,, n,l-,h,',ld<;l lam-:.
Nnn.U, ,,1.,.. Thi,ki,.-,| AS.T..J...-
'I'li.ii- «>-.|nii.'rit. ,,. ur
.^ ^ " '"■•2'- _ '"f-t „(.,,! i,.
I., i, .. rJPM ... ,„ .
• ;;iiu.n ..ri.-, , ;!i ]•]■*''' -'"H
i'nmll -eri.-, «^,t,..iri phji,,., ^! '-'•.'f'l' ' .■■'
>iminiit •.•rif» ■„. - ••'"' - inl
■ ' ■ *' ■!. ,11.111 ■' ;|,|
I7!>
Tmu, VII. ,V/,..,./,i„ //,. ,„/,,,/„/,.,/ „,„,„„„ ,/ ;,,•„. „, ,;„„ ^,„ , ,,, ^.^
':ros,„„hn,il ,rh„h ,„,;,. I,,,,. Is In II,, i.,!! //,/,t,„,,, „.
si'iliiil-llls .„ I,.. CiJliiii s,r,.-,
T ... Aii'iaBe -p. -:
l.i-ui. M-rips , .
Oalt,,,, «prip^. . .. Vl?'
I'lnv.l! ..Hri..., , -lO^
-11 t -,.,,... -,i'^-
L'Tili
174
ht:i:\inMt:\r ur tiik imkh/ou
2 GEORGE v.. A. 'fllZ
Till,!,. V. gives aotuiil .l.nsiti.a in a part of th.- (\,rdi]liTan popion and
may possil.ly le ..f sdiip \a\uc in discussions of [K^ndiiliini obs.rvntions or of
other Ki'opiiysical i.roMrms as Uioy may be .ona'rnod witli tliis repion in tlio
future.
The avoraK<8 of Table VI. .xprcss the range of densities in a tvpical.
thoronRhly consolidated (statically ni<tamorphos.-d) Rcosynclinal prism.
Table VII. indicates the approximate density relations of the Galton scries,
the least completely exposed series from the prism, to those of the equivalent
strata ot the other three series. The av.rago dcusitios of the two wi-^Uru
equivalents are sensibly liie same as that of the (ialton scries. On account (.f
the extensive development of dolomite in the Lewis scries, its nvern(,-u density
is, as was to le expeeted, .'oiisidcrably higher than thnt of an,v other of the
scries.
CoRn'^M.mox ok tiik Foiit Boindauv Sehiks with the Castii; Moimmn-Bow
River (Cumbrian) r.RoiP.
During the course of the field worU in li»n,'i I't gradually he.ani. susp,ete(l
that the as yet nnfossiliferous Siy.^h liuie-touc is the stratigraphic e.inivalent
of the (^iml.rian Castle Mountain liuu^stone of McConneirs well-known section
on the main line of the rmmdian Pacific railway. This sn.«picion was
strengtlu n.'d in the course <>( a brief examination of the rocks at and east, of
Mt. Stephen iu the autumn of that year. The importance of the eorrelati.oi
pronipte.! a second and longer tield-study WMidi might, to som<' .xtent. supple-
ment McConnell's all-too-l.riof report on fiu> great section. Toward the close
of the season of 190l! the writer aecordinj.dy speni five days in working ,.ver
the type sections on the northeast and s .utiiwest sides of the Bow river valley.
The time available was loo limited to secure a detailed columnar scetion of
the group; yet the field evidence was ci.'arly in tavour of the correlation of th.'
Siy<h and (\istlc Mounta;n formations.
The principal information was nbtaimd from two parlir.l -eetiouv. the uiie
running northeastward from KIdon station to the 0,SOO-foot, unnanie.I sumioir
northwest of Castle mountain; the second, rnnning westward from T.jike r.oui-e
chalet to the ba'e of Popes Peak. Combining the results of the two traverses.,
the following succession was established:
Top, erosion surface.
^A^ f«'.';f-I"ipure raagnesian limestone with thin interbods of shalv aut-irKillitp
1.5J0 l^uartzite in thin to thick beds.
1,200+ " I'ine-gralned conglomerate, grit und quartiitic sandstone.
Sase concealed.
Kefercncc to the published report and, aflenvards, p,r-..nal .•..n-nliaiinu
with Mr. M<-C<innell, gave assurance that the limestone typi.-ally represented
the Custle Mountain formation in its lower i>art, while the <iuartzit. -. conglom-
erate, and grit us typically represented the Bow River formation in it' upper
part.
^^-.
.Mula, t.u.th
!■"'"' »m|, i, ,,. 17,,
iiiii Im. ill C.^il,. \|,
t |miis,|.,l,
niilaiii iluli
liit.(iili»,;,t|,„iv.l,
""""■; '1-"^ l'.nuialrii,lniall
II II aiii Irih iif I'aiia.l
rl.iliali. •;■■„,, il.iiiK
.■itiinil :
Mil I'.lilMl
iii
I'l \IK IH.
M..lur tMoth >timtii,.-inHiy.-l, lin.r»t.,n.-(watli.mli CI-,,!,-,. U < i
"^rs; tSJiStif ;:;«sr;t;:l;i:; "s;xi
H
•■"
II
h'f:i'niti III iiii: 'iiii.i AsiUDSoMi.u
175
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
In the section aortlicnst of Eldou the I5ow Uivcr ru>'lis ;iii' not uc !I i.x|i".iil
but the limt-stdiic 3!iow- abmit :l,r.00 fcrt of \\-^ tliii'kiiiv>-i. Tin- .iip aviiii^. -
25° northeast. At its ba-e the liniegtoiie is rather massive iiml i- .■.hiim-i .1 .f
firmly knit, thin Uiis "i nltirnatinp, grn.v weathcrint,' am! litrlit hi..uu t.. l.utT
woatluTinf. impure carloniite. The pray layers carry liltli- nuiiiin-.iiirii .ar-
bonati', but the brown-lmtT hiyi rs are lioloiriitic. 'Iln- thicknes< of the-e hiyi rs
runs from a fraetion "f an inch to two inches. .\lMiiit l.tlOO fct above th<' Im-c
a band. 10<) feet or mere in thii-knes-. is exceptional in beinp tiiiii-bcibb'il and
easily cleaved but it preserves the bntT weather-tint and a (lol..mitic composi-
tion. Similar thin zones oceur both aliov.; and lielow this band. In ci neral.
however, the limestone is not only thiek-piaty in ^truetnre a- in tin' cour-inj:
of heavy masonry, but, like the Siyeh limestone, shows a ratiicr iinifonri. Imtf
to brown weathering tint atid hich conti'nt of inapnesiiini carbonate. Ilolh
phases of the fresh linn-tone are imrmally rather <l;\rk-frray or hlni-h-yray.
The rock is often areiiaci ons or ar;;illaoeous: the weathered surface is r.iuirli-
ened very often. tlirouj.'h the projection of the sand-grains. 'I'lu' uiMMual di--
tribution of carboiiiite and impurity renders the siirfae>' characteristically
pitted.
In a s|Hcially ariiillaei ons hod at the top of the lOO-foot, tliin-l.edded lime-
Stone band, fossils, ehierty irilohite fraLnnents ol' ap|>ar.'ntly Middh- Cambrian
age were diseovere.l. Middle Candiriaii fo--iIs wc re al-o foumi at the has,. ..f
the whole linn stone formation.
The likewise excellent secti.ui above !.ai;;ian. tiiirteen miles to th, north-
westward and aeross Bow river valley, di>elosei! praetii'ally identical I'eatur. s
in the limestone. The lower beds, whiih were founrl to crop out at Lake \\i\v i
afforded fragments of ii:di terminable trih liite.s and crustaeean track-.
Perhaps the most siunitieant fact di-rivcd from the section i- that the lime-
stone very often poss: sscs the typii'al molar-tooth -truc-ture -o characliri-tic ,,f
the Siyeh limestone. (Plate ii).
This structure is not well developed in any jiart of tin KhLm -ecti..i! but
it was again seen in the linasi,,ne at Mt. Stephen and at se\(U'al other point-
along the railroad, where the litie cuts aeross outcrops of the f'astle Mountain
formation. As in the Siy
limestone the molar-tooth
structure -eiins to 1
ir crack.'d by orep li
best dev(lop:Ml where the rock has !)een locally eleav
stress.
The thick qnart/ite utulerlyin^' the liuie-tone .- well exp..-ed at lh<' T.a^re-an
section. It is a tbiek-bedde.l formation, heavy plates ,,f qnart/ite allernatinpr
with sul ordinate, thin, fis-ile intercalations of silicioiis metarL'illite. Tin-
general colour of the iinnrtzite on n fresh fracture is jiah' rcddi-h to r.ihli-h-
gray; the colours of the weathered rock are in i^eneral, ru-ty-hrown an'
but' vary throutrh white, I'.tle irray, pale r.d, i>itik. brown. pur;ile.
toward the top of the formation, deep maroon-red. The argillaceous inti
re. I
ml.
dark-
gray
or greenish, weathering griMuush or grayisli-lirowu
eoinmon.
Iitl
bedding, ripple-marks, annelide trails, ami borings a-e all
logical similarity of the lighter tinted and thicker U'ds to the Uipi.le quartzit.
fw
17G
i>i:i'm;i mi \i ,,r i,ii: i\ii:i;it,i:
ij:
i.
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
• iiiiiiiii
I'lir- wa'-i iM.rrI;
i|.S t(
son.- ;,i].l th,^ (iriniH-ll f.
.-tJii.hir.i |>li
'1 iVlll Ml. ill
.1' llic Wii;
~liiliiny w:
ik...i.-s
■i—l 111 f
■|"li.. I!,,'
I'lllali'ill nt' till' I,
"•Nil t'..ririalioii of the tialti
\., f.
'■<-iil-i won
■ li--
>C'-tl. l!
O,
1,_'00
I'liuli'imiMd' aihl trrif
l,vt nt tl
!■■ ■,■!<-
K>TV lllsD lust si'cn ill lllO I.
n^'i.Mii
l-onoaiii til., (ilac-iiil gruvcls of tlu- IJe
r<pn -. uir.l i„ twcvi, tl
M'pi'.ir. till
all
iii'iiii.'' Iii-i
low vall<>.v. All stages of transition are
an.l li.
Il:llll( liT, t.
' j;l'iiiiri-at.. with will-i ii,l,.,i ,„.|,|,|,„
l.l>t
itary ty|io:
mlniii, rate
a ■iiiiirlzitii
nt i(|iiT-iiit tlic vcck of
■'■III- in alternation tl
I'll
inil>tiiii(. of iiie.liiiiii frrain. Tlio ubuiidant
iiili'i'iiiidiatc
Til.
loM-OS -I'llli lllo-t
Il-Ollyll t'lo wlioli. I.JIKI t'cct. til
til!
'IK' yroat litl
"oiiiiM.iii towanl t
I'oii-taiit oli,.|iii
"T lilllj-ll. ofl,
JtiMin- ..f I'l'l.l-
U'tAi t',i.l-|,atliir I,
l>lia-c-, of til,
loloui.'al iii.livi.liial of i„.|,
iipo-ilion.
I'll.
-I'al.-ircht (|iiarl/ |cl,l.l,.-
'iijfloiiioi-alo i- ii.ailc lip of yli
|I.M'.
T
W Itl
iiliordi
1'- lo|i. All the strata
uniiii liiit rather
white.
I'oyelieolH
lli-'e fraj..:iiieiit> are all eeiiielifeil
larye roiiiide.
■me eNteiit.
li
'I' I
• writ-: am
•allle -ihelolls
pray .,,,,1 ;;r,-,.„ish eo|o,irs of f.vs'i ami
ami writ ean
thf
M'.linieiitary niatcri
"'eathiTe.
Ill a silieioiw niatrix.
i(l-toiie~ are hut finer frraiiieil
il. Ill eoiii|iosition and the
athvrii Sclkiiks. Th.
listiiiKiii^hed f
siirfi
es. tl
le eoiiH-loiiierati
'rem staple phases of the Wolf .rrit
(.'liaiiwea
fnuiid
ith
de tints of ih,
lllllarity (Veil extelirls t.
,f
within tlii
milion 1'
Ir u
111 till, divi-ion of the 1!
iipale-eeiit ciiiartz jM-hhle- an
detail as th.
\o t'<
iilidiviM,,], ilijit Dau-oii found I
">w River formation. thoii;.di il was
iU Wen
apparentl.N
'"■er ('aml.rian fossils at V.
iild
111
oiiirlomerate-iirit men
heds helow th.
Mountain formation, but snfBc
field
typii'
tdily desirahle to have studied in tli<. field the B<
Ri
ason. '^'et it is heli
lent lime
for till
-poeimens were siilmiitted.
oved and Mr. Wi-V lell
the ii|i|»r part of the Castle
uld not W. spared out of the
to whom the tiijd dati
iij-'ie.s in th,. helief-that siiffieient evide
),., .,1, . ,,. , , ' ' '■■ "" "eiiei — mat siimelent evulene
M.:,: : n ::■•■" ^'"•'"•'^'' '■• -'f-'^:'-^ the stratl^^raphie n.lation of tlie Cast]
^r.
'Uiitain-I5ow Kiver (.'roup to the ol,l se 1
orty-iiiiith Taralle
inieiitary prism traver.sed at th.
T
le -u^ifTested I'orrelatioii is a- f.dh
Ca-tle ^Fountain linu'stono is strat
The lower 4.(M)0 f,.ef or
id thu- t.. the larger part of the Kitel
itrraphieally c<iuivalent to the Siych format
f th(
part ..f the 15. eh
Iving the Castle Mountain 1
liiart^ife. The l,.'0!l-f
K'lier ipiartzite, an<i, ajrain, to the larger
>'it <iuartzit|. imine<liatelv iiiidr
Wiuwam forn
Rippl
Lapp
lat
imestone is the ciuivalent of the Orinnell and
ions, of the lowest l)eds of the Kiteht
e c|uartzite. The How H
pan >eetinn is i-<|iiivaleiit to the Dewd
iver eoiiH:lonierale-(rrit niemher at th
•ner (|uartzite. and of the
\V,df i^rit f
orniati.>ii in the southern Selkirks.
ni'y ipiartzitc
iind
11 hase of till
iijiper [i.irt of th,
the f.
stu.jy of the Ca-tle ifoiint
stratisrraphy ami -\\
n-uoiiip |>araf,n'aphs w,.r,. written, \Vale,,tt
am f;r,>iip
II
made a delaili.l
N rr..ult, e,,rro
,vet ni.ire pn
■i»i'ly tile r.iii
■ f the I'p
piT.
M,-{'oii
.Mi.ldl,
111, I
177
HI. I'll!: I 1,1 / II I I I ■ I I I
' '" 'ill! I ^ , i:ii V (, v/ /.•
SESSIONAL PAPLR No. 25^
■""' a'-M,.h,,.,,. I,, .!,.,„ ,,,,,, ,,„. j ■ ,• '' — '- "■■'■■' -l.i:iin,-,i ii, ,at!i
^'-.'■'-''- -rnn„„„. ,i,. \IMII.. ,•.;,•,:':„:.,:;'■;■"■ 'I'l'--- in,,..,., :.
li-ll,',l.
II |,,i|,,U> ll;;:
II .u- llM,.- .,„„,,, "■ ■" •' ' ■ ^''"■"' ■■■ •'■•■' I'-l-u- ll... lop .,f ,1„.
•""'"""""•."•— The ini.i.n,-, I' , f I i •
n ^ iiiiiiiurv
Kiv. r .ill. I ll„K,„I:,.,. 1; : . ," ■•' l."-"';'l ■■■ '"■■>r t, ,;.,., I;,.,- ;,. ,1,,.-,. |;,„^.
r :iii.l ll..iiii,I;iry lii,, -, ,t
"'""■ 'I'll- ,li-..,v. ,y ..( |-,,--ilil',
<'l"iicrit at \.va,-k '-i.-.k. ,,,,1\ f
ivn,l.,|-- il,i- i„i(.r.,l.al.iliiv ,,11 il
:'.","■' .""I >'t I r ui,i,.|y ,iiir,-r,
'■■"I- <^i-il.- .M,. Ill, tain !ii.„.-i,,„,.
11 "I- lilt,
111 'lat.- ,.!' I'.., ana
11,- in lal-;;.-
Ir,.!,, Siv,
'I'lii- .Sivi, I
ni,.r.- i-,,i,\ni<
ll tii,,ii;lain it-, ■It'.
I'li'-t ■ in til,- (i,,|
'i'liii'i^ili,. -aii,lM ul,i,-|
'■■II. <'l.-irk.,. at,, I r.
|ii,irt/il,- at ill,. t,.|i ,,!' ih,. I!
■rr, M"ii,l
bui- ill tlii-
surics. a I', ,r
llie W'ig-waiii aial (
'w Kiv.r l,.riuali,,n. C
■"I- I'ai,^;'. ^ i^ j,
--,,ntial iVatiir,-^ I,
1- < •■i-laiii wliiti-l, ami
|ii.iil/ii,. al-,. -tr,.'|,,|\ n.,.,II ,1, I'- i
!•■
illv. tl„. |;,,„. II
iiiiiii'll I,, rill, 111
Ji-it .,| ll,,. .S,
ivcr .., n.,i,.n
,, i:ii.. 1-
A1-,
,1, iii,l,.i„.n.l,.ni
'l.<' la-t!,. \1,
1- -iMl.in^U >i
11,1- ll,. W.,|(' o,.;, I,, I, I
iii'iiii, Tna .t,.n.. i, I
lilai- t,, 111,. M,
I- nli,. th. Si
Kuiiny ;inaivit,..„„.,a,..illi,,. wlii,!, „n,l,.rli,.. ,1
n .*tratif:ra|,l,l,. li,,|.;/,,,, |„,i,.„. ,|
IT,. lat.., I u'itl, ,!„. ,\i
1111,1 KM,,,
\.
I "Illy ar,. ih,
li'Ttli,.,,, an, I „„|,|„.,.,, ,.,„.|^-.„
1,- I...'Mi-|,„,r
,■ -iiMiJaril 1,
1'' •iniiii,.]! an, I ili,i< |„,]
.«■ I!
"riir- t,i
IV, 'i- ,|iiai.tz,ti> at I. a;
dilT,
t,i t:
PrPIKv< I, .tw,.,.,, tl„. S!,,,
If |..\iiorlr.j ,liir,
CI',. 1, ,-,.;; -I
"IV,' III,
il.-i-lini:' 1
""'■■-.;i.M! .l.-.i'l l.,t^v,.,.„ ,!„
i"ii "I t..niiali,,iN i, alik,.. T|;,
111 '!■- ,,1 th,, tw., -,.,,ti
liii^ <imt,Iy
'";" '" 'll" "ll" -"ii-Ka-iii. Tl„. Ca-tl,.
1-. Ill a -,,n~
.\[,
",,|it,.|iip,.vaii,,,.„. <,.,li,||,.„,, ;,,;,]
I ,.,,iii|,..Ml,. ,,t' t
itai,i-I!,,u- I
It th,, Forty-iiinili T'.-ii-all,.], Ti
I'' 'iitif.. |,r,.-Sil,
litli..!,,..
11. '■■,'in-.il,.ni in t!
<'ii-tl,, .\[,
,.-\tr,.n,,. ,.a-t,.r
iiviT yronp „( strata
-yin-llnal a- oxpo-..,)
iiiiliiiii l,.riiiatinii ],a^ it-
n. U'.,lr,,tt, .Smith,,
I .ill,! \,, 1H12, I'Kis
V. ifir
Mail >fi,-,.,.!laiip.,|,.; roll..
< I. C. I>. \V,,I,.„t(. Miiii
i.'.-,a--v,,l. ii-1-
i.'-W]- -,.,.,,.- at tl
lif'ii-, V,,l. i.1, \,
in'afcit
I,, r.. ,. 1,1.1:, |. s-
1^01. lO.i^
I'i.'ol. Sii. .. A
n,..|i,.i. Vi.i. 17
1""|'. p. 1.1.
176
UEI'AHTilKSr OF TIIK ISIEKIOR
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
lte:?ihr(-r::::r "' '"^ "■''""^ """ "'^*""'^ ^^■- -'"'■
Th.. s.vstomatie position of the Sh,.,,,,.,,,! a,„l lui.tla f.,ri,u,ti..„- ,. „f
tho.r respoctu-.. equ.vfllent,. tho Oat.way, Phillips „n.l l{„„svi]lo formations
of tho Oalton aenes the Moy.e formation of tho Purcell series, and the Lone
S.ar formation of the Summit series, is not apparent from their litholoSl
eonipuri-on with rhe rocks of McConni'll's scM'ti,,!,. "'"oioKieai
onn 1^' °^ *i'T ^'°'"*y-»|"".' J'''^«""l formations are unfo.siliferous and their
condU.onH of d.po..„on (ch.etly subuorial or in shallow wator) nvre mTrkX
differon frmu those under which the upper beds of the CaMle Mountain seriw
(dolomitic limestones) were laid down. ■«ou"i«"i aeries
B^l/l^"""?'" '''"">*" ^^1 wrrclation has been found in tho fact that, in the
Belt moun ains and to the westward, the equivalent of tho Siyeli formation
ilVroo itnr r ! "' °n I'-T '"'T' -"^-'""''b- overlain V the f^ l"
tTo,,,. MmMI.. (amhnan H:,il„..„l s:,n.l>t„n... Tliis saN.lst,m.> is oftm ,-„„rM.
little metamorphosed and clearly shows its origin as a sandy deposit on the
floor of a trans^ressinpr sea.§ This gonetic feature seems to bo well matched
n the character ot the massn-e. coars. sandstone beds occurring at the ba.e of
the (.ateway formation immediately above the (Purcell) lava-cap of the Siveh
The l.thological resemblance, cour.led with the similar stratigraphic relations
o the common (S.yeh, Marsh-IIole, ) hori.on. suggests that the lower bed o
the Lone Star Moyi... Gateway and Shcppanl formations are, respectively
equivalents of the I-lathead sandstone and are thus of Middle Cambrian aje
S,„ce the Flathead horizon is well Ik^Iou- the recognized top of the Middle
t ami.nan. since the succeeding Mi.ldle Cambrian time was long enough for the
deposition of at least J.-IOO feet of limestone in the area of the Canadian
I act,,, section, an.l sine .here is p,.rfect conformity in all four of the Fort*"
t"hr„i^n''-t ' 'T'^ f*^-^ *'"^ ''^i*'?'' "' '*' «-I"ivalent, it seems probable that
irl7„n' fVfll p"'":*'' °^'"^'^''"'' ""^ ^''"^ "' ''« equivalent are all or
nearly all of .Muldle Cambrian ape.
A ?o*'^/^'"T^''lfrTT""**'''^ correlations are expressed in Cols. 1. o, ; g jn
and 12 of lable VIII. . ■, o, iv
§C D. Walcott. Bull Geol. Soc., America. Vol. 10, IPTP, p.
l<
mm:».^jk
''r:>rua-i sM^i,Mnmt^ '>A iwrr, ■
*£i
IM'I.K VIII .',., i;,;,,vi,..N. ,v ,-,
I .-^i MHIi Xkhik». S».rkiiih r Sm(1>- I'llllHr
('..nfurmily rtilli ii|.i»r I'rt Ki.».i.,i, ,ii,fa
1*1 1X4 Hi' * ,
Ski.iif . I'l
;il(ir« IN ClI'lNt I SuHIt- IN I'm
Itvs. t CI l>i«ri.i. i
Kill' IN \l|.,,.,>
^;^. .1.(1.11 ..iirfiu't
(,'i>iif'*imtv wild .;, , , 1.
I • i 1 I •
l<'.'/*ii<'.
A.W.I. .sy.ir. Mitiir«illil.-,
(iliyllilH, iiikI i|iiait/.iif ;
iliirk tiiit»..( jrray, km. ii.
>tc. I'.iWtl fi, t.
.•/"'(!.. Miliirifillil.-, .Iiuli', ,
•'ii'l '|iiiirl/.iif : \ari.Mi>
lint. 1,1 i.|...|.i|.'i,iv. I.-.I.
irri-.li. ,■(,•.; ,|iall,.vv wa
tir f. atui.^. .(, Iim f,.. t.
■Ifl Pr„k. Sli.,1... i4H,l ,Ny„p,,/ /.,„! .m,„|
*in.|»t.,n,.,. r. ,1 an. I .imlv ,:.ii,l,t..n.... i.ii
••'■•■•"■ '■'"»' f"'. lailmnK ilaiki...! ; r.|
I'll' III irk-, .tf. l/.mn
f..t.
.11(1 Mi-aiihrr. I,iiiaiit..i„. ;f,,|
ty;Ki;»\ ,.i|i,iir«. tuOi,., .
W(tl/i>t. Mhttl.-, rail 4f.. , ,.
ill iii.|i.r I'lirt ; i^t. . II •
l.lal'k. IIM) imi I, ,1.
/V/,'/.<,i,(. I/I, art/11.. ; „i,i,
ti) le.Jdlali, .Vi .Hill •. . ,
■"■•t /. S .
1 1.1.1,1..-, ••
.,„,. «>,,t. ■
•li .-. airl
ll.7'"i I'; fi.
I.lii
Huhnt. '^iiait/ltf'an.f lii.-
taiyillili ; uray an. I |«tli'
Krwiii.sh, « I'al li . r i ii if
liriiuii iif liitf.riiit tin!/.
, T.IKKI fi'ft.
h'l.h. ,1,,; ii|i|mr tuirt.
V'liir.zit.i ami iiLiar^il
lit.' : );r..i'ni»[i an. I »fr ly.
wtatliirilitf til lir.mii-.
ri,(NMi+f..,.i.
'Willhiif. .Shalw.. ti
liM»t I iilcaii'iiu-.,
tliiil liii.i'.ti.ii.-
t.f.|-. LiinrMti.ni
lalf'ari'tiiM Mhali-i
thiT liiitf, l.lKd
SI liiy,,. Slinl..* anil
Han I-.I..I1. .. |iiir|ili' ami
gti-vn. l.fJIlii ftM't.
ri' iir Hl.iekiiml lcnl|..,| Siirl.imAl'n
liy ''alkiii»). (,iiiii.
'tniUH. tliili lifil.l...,. al
lliuiil" ami f.rrii^ilK.iis,
intiTl..-.M.-.' with II,. .n
irlenn raicaiiiHiH *li»I«',
uiti
int»T
■1 It ml
Hi a
flit.
■.il<«l + f.-..t.
m/, I'rrek. \U'\ ,|ia|
• tc. .'j.INK) fni.t
Hl;rkl.^,t, ChU,,,,..,.,. .„
Killiti'n .mil iin|,<iri' I
it.mfB; .lark ;i:n t,.
Kr**iii«li >{ray «lii n fr. -i ,
WfatliHiini-biillai.il in,,,.'
»toni.»)(fuj. 4,iiiK)f,,it.
ll„U..,i T|,„, |„,|,|..,
ll|.»t.>ii. mil, |a\,r.
iH.'l.li.'ilIit. ; l.iitf a
"I'llIU-. l.tH.'i I, -i.
Jtipplr.
|ialt
'inart/itf
pink ami
very inawwixr. |,G6ii feet
whitr. h'lfrh' iif r, I „ vv IT (i ;i r t .
y.ll.,w ; t^iuirtzitc, r«.|a I , i |.| v
lhuil,i,;i liuarlzit... uith: aii.l «|„i,., wiaili. mi;,-
interiHHlnofciiiKl latf lifjlit i.rmni. I,4i)in-fw.t
iiml iiiitarifiltiti- ; Hiatirm^-a, upiur jrart.
ziti', in tliii'k anil
lii-riiitf tfriiy ami pa It-
liniwii. •J.IKX) fitt.
W<Jf, upjicr |«rt. (Jnt,!
HHiulHUjm', anil tim- cm i
gloniirati- ; (fray, fr^uli
and weathen'd. 1,ikio±
f»et.
IJiiartzi
ttiiii IkhU: Ki'iy iiml
Kri—iUBli, wcatli c r i ii k
griiy. .t,00l(±fi«t.
Kir, II. l/iiartiit.' ; «liite.
niasHiM-. l,J(io f e,t .
Hiirki. .Siliiii.iis metal
k'llllt., with ipiarlzit, ,
priiailinulv ^■ r ay ■
Ifii-iii. L'.imo f.i t.
I'riihtinl. ii|.|„r part .
Mi'taiifiliit- and .jiurt
zitic xainl^tiiiics, with
nhallim watiT fratini's ;
(fray t.. l.laik, l,aoo±!
fwt. I
It.tr.ilh. iipjH'r parl.l«<i.-nH(. (/iiart/,,l,.
i.'iiartziti-aiiihi.ttarxi! ) (iip»,;ril»l liit , |,
l,'rr..iiihh,| ami (fri-.iu»li (iru>
piiipll«h '
li"-; wriv,
ivjiiti', anil
.•|,IJ(NI+f,,.-
Hiifilli, l,,»-i i|,
liif^y an aliuvi'.
feet.
it llithi,
:).li(J(»+
If. 2,(l<i<i flit.
/*rifh'iftf, II p pf r
MitarKiiliti'H. i|ii..
ami »aml"i..ii.- ;
liliii.,h, u'l-atli.riii.'
2.11(10 + f„.t.
|,.i>-iiif
irp!. ' I,
Ul.-li'i
put
r(/ii..«,
■ i.irk
li..i,n.
I..n il/i,
/III ;
CI. IV.
'i|.|«.r |i.iri. i/iin
>navi,-li pi.i'plia
I.-'khi fwt.
Wijlf, lowir part. (Irit, cun
Kli'imratc, and "and>t .iir ;
Kray. l.!Hiii+f..tt.
.VuiU. l/iiartzitf. nictar
giUite and cunglotm'ratt- ;
gray tones. !i,'yl»l feet.
Irene Vulennic formation.
ti.llOO + fiet.
Irene Conijlotiunitt. o.lKK) (
feut.
Total -32,ieO + ftt.t.
'■55.,;,:;:^;^.^;^:^; ---;][;-:;--- --- „-.a|^l-,;/':-w. u. . p.^,^ ,...;.,,.,.„ ..,,„. „„
- . ■- . V . . '<< OOF II, |1|t«(-| 11,-^1-1, ,|,
i;iiartzit,..withiiit.-rl».il> tarKillit.-aml .piartzit.
-It mitarifillitc : (;ray co- ^ray t.i Mack. (i,.-iOO
lours. f<,-m±{»t. f„.t.
hIL i """"'• ^■•'l'""" wiiH..- .1, . Ill /111.; ^tr.,.n;.
thiik-l>.,l(l..d t.islialy ; .Viifcur,', Uiiart/it, ,.,,,.
Kiay. li..liOiJ + f.*t. I w\unxn' l,(JO(»+ii,-
Ua»t' concealtd.
Ba.^e coiiOHahni
Bane concf,iU.d.
T..tal-20,300 . f,.K. T.ital-17,LHJ.If,Ht. Total -27,r«0 + fwt.
Uaa«) concfaUd.
Total 12,.V,<i l.-i,i
I'. I'M' conrealed.
T.jtal L'.M),->D f,.,-l.
Ujiconfonnitti.
Prieil River Terraiu.
!.j! £• '/',• K"!'"'"''' """• •'■'**• ^'■•~^- ""''• ■'^"i"-y. Vm, p. 411
{') \. C. CalkiiiH. lJull». Mi and 31.-.. U.S. (ieol. Survey, Pj(« (,,. 40) and 1!)07 (p 33)
2ia— vol. ii— p. 178
(■') (\ |.. Wali'ott, Bull. (;i„l. S.,
(*) C. I). Waluott, Bull. (ieol. S.k
.Vi.iiTUa.
.Vnii'rica,
^ IN riir i;
:" KV M'.IM'MN ..r,M,VN. ,.,N\,.
i\ Mi«'.ii.\
1. "t- ■<! ,
AM' It > t,
li.vxi ■'►lilt" .
"*KUIK»> » ( l>IAi fc«MI I II
T'lik, r i (II {'■)
It
■ti ("rmi> »'''■ ''M" '■' •'••m.rii.in ■< il ii|.|-'rl'j I 'diil ■iiiiitj vtitli M|.|ifr
t'lHMMtf- If.t-.iir fuliimnt:.
VA/r'.».rt,jl. I<ll|i*-<t on I* ; «/. I'/titWr;*. l.imt'wVtII*- I
ilfiv. I.H7'f"'t. Hit)i MixUtoiK' lav. i< :
i'i'itf. ilr»\ litiii-ntitiii-. rfrav. l.ir-7''»'t
it'll"' '>th. tlrn\ litiifotiiiii'
,ihl ..liulu. I.^.■>.■l • (lit.
I ITKIl rA\,l'.KI \N
>• • I. 'I -tllTl.
\l
■• .1
Ul
•II
1-
fl
III,
' t.
■ "1
"'
.•■....ii//.. M.i.ii^iihti- A'.n'.'.i
ini'l '|ilHll/'l.. ; ^-r.ll ,.,t»- „r,-l .(
ai! lifr.Ni„.|i. ii.«, I,,,, t.-rU.,l. ■ ,,
/•'..'/.,,,
■ IMI i|lhllt/i'.-
^Ii t.irifilh I .
i-l.
I'liih 1.1
.l.'ll I;
1. - 1,1
■<ii:i I,
,ll{.'llll ,
l\,T. ,.|
tt .n,.
Il-
";'"'"."■ I'M' r |iirt.
.^I-f.IVlllilr Willi. liUlll
'.'•■: ^T ,v whet, Iri-nl,
vi;iv unit l.r.ivsti I. .il,
'fill I.Nlllf,., t
I, I
|i.,liiii.,t.
t'i.iit..
up.
,ltlll -,lllll,<t.l
»ir ',,1 ,1 . \h I,,,.,, I, .
Viii4tl/tl.i-, il.il I, . . c ,,f „. !,,„ ,
"■ '•■•iti'l i.,| l.-h
', '-■>fii'. .1. .«,... Ii,i,„, ,
""""lilt"' li Vi'/.i. I>..l.,i„i,,
"lilt iiiii' I I ir ..I., Ml iMili I,, ■ I
I//'/,.
.t.,lil
k'llli'i' ; trriiy ,u,i| nu-t
ft', viiiilMTiif,,- liiitr
I, 'Hill f. It.
Mil. I'l.il.
<;:ilti.ii
I. It.
i;ri);iii. i^iiarf
i>lt iit.rpli' ;in, i
II fivt.
If,./
,|,.
""". .■*;iiii|-t.,iii',..iiii|
tiTt'llnt." ;Ti.ilc.,i,,|.
iilli.iiit. l.L'IKI I'., !
.U,l /<„!, //,/. ('hl.'f'V
nil t.iiKillit, ; krr.iy iiii,|
i;ri.fii:«h. wealii .r i ii ^
uriiy :vii(i linmn -J Xiii
Ih.-i.
tfl/lll. .S!llllUtl,lll,>. i\ iti,
^.ini' Mltaly li'il^, «,iii,.
tllll, s C.llr in, ,11, ; ,.,„|
anil r.-.|ili»li jjiay. 77.",
fi.,t.
■ ' IJII.
/'. ,M
1
ami
-aiil.t
"tl
i.il!v
ri 1.
1 t
I/..W,.
,,,.„
M
III!' :
>rriv
• ■1
k'l-'V
. il,i
>>,ai
iw ll;-i
itr
;,(/.■*»/*«. I«ilr.'«l,ili.-
fhithtnd. '^iiii t / 1 1 1 1 j
-utiiiUtimi'
,V "'iiin. Urav liii,' ^t'liif
,,(t.n -an iy." I. nil (lit
ll/"H" ' tf'm. Iil,iy (ktiil
Kn. i,i"h Hum .itoni' anil
A/./i.ii. l.ii.i.-^liin.-; ifny, ,|,„|,.. i.a'.1ifi...|.
mathiliiiif I'tilf .iUi\ ll/.,ri,,„„il,. <;r»y liiii'-
k-ray. •.•.,i;si.„i „,,„,, ,"711 (wt.
.Slr/'li.,,. I.iiii.-.iiit.. ami J//,, (iray liiii.«t.mfwitti
► hill. : tfray. ill(i|..t ,l,aly lav,,-, T'.li f,.,.t,
(■..tl.'l.:,.. l>.,1,,niitH' ,>p,,„,. t"i|-,..-ni»ll »llal.-.
i/.i-.y. Ki'il-lialf, >--ifi.'t, liini-l' ; tfiay, Mi.itl, 3«if,...t,
«./.i.<. I.iui.-.lim. mil, riiiK (.nil mill >[iay. l,"i!t"i /.,i„„i»„„. dray liini.
iMiiii*- -hall : Kray. «.■.» '''*'■ Ht ,nf, 4;iM ft^'t.
»ti»-rin*r '"iH. '.*.HMI C.t, Hnihuhi iiruyainlKri'*'!!
h"n"r'. .Vrk'tlliti-; ^,'1''. ii iili (ttiurt/.tt«-, wi'iAthi-r
i-li tfi i\ . 'imi li'-t. Ill/ linmn ; upjier piirt.
IIIKI I.N
' \Mlili
Miniii.l'.
I A.\
M I II l> I.
imiAx,
K < ,\ M
v, (."I'. ArKillit.- : ili.-|. J/.,„,.( !»■*„/,
ml. I..'i<i<i fi-i-r Ktiinian.liili
inimm. .\ rjf I ' i i t f ami St. l*ir't'>. I.ri
i|Uarl/itH ; ({I., , '.',I«KI± Kiay -amintiinr
fu<;t. A.'A' I.'"*"".
(iniy. lirt fii 1
f'iiiriiiif. (iiay i|imrt/,ili',
uiailnriiiK liriiwni^li.
Wm ■ (let.
liraylinii-
. :t!Klfi...t,
mill and
.•.7i>.jf.i.t.
.Shale;
:-nifi'ii'i. KiiwiT liiirt.
T.ilal tliiikl».»«, i.Xf.'
fi'i'i.
LOWKK CAMIiltlAN.
,-;iii,
riail. i^uiu III" . Silir;,rti.,ii,,|i,i,,,,,., I
ii-li >.'iay. tl.m U.,l,|,.,l ; ^ri'.y .mi -. i„lv ,| ,I,,i„|,. , .
Brr,.i-ni.,li t;,.:vy, u, ;,rli,.i. krtav, «i ,,: h. riiiu' .'
iiiKli'iff. h."iiifi.i: :i,,"Mit)+f,-ii,
u;,'ri„.,. I), ,1,, Mill
-d,
.'i.lt.'iS fi-et.
i;,„h„„„t".„ „f Hw Hi
Itr arxtlliti's. . tc.
I'mi colli laliil,
Ti.tal -ILMOI) fi-i-t.
-. ,,tt, i,Ur'f/guit. lowtT |iiirt. .Vi'k'ii
lit..; uray. l.ilii|i + f.-..t.
fit illiliul .Sil|(ii,i|» litii.
i-tulii- ; k'rav, WiatlliTt..rfl
I'Mtf. 2,2lllif.-K.
»(••»■•■ »Kt fill ./..'«/., r/,i.ii, .Vrtrillite ;'
dark ({ray toUack, l,5<)lii
.'*■•■'■ I
Stihtrt. iJruy and jrrt'eu-'
iih <)iuirt/iti', 7*11 fi-i't. BaHf cunceiilfil.
UaM- l-ntv.-.il, -},
1JI:I,TIAN,
Total -14,00<J±fivt.
Tutal r.'.:t.
HaiH* cimi'i .led.
Tutal— «,(H7 1 lift.
Uiironforviitii .
Cherry Creek Btiit.
('nfoTi/nrmil'i,
** Arihean ".
1-. .\i,,.-iua, \'i,l, 17, llKNi, |>. L'.
-■. AiiiiTiLa, V,,|. 10, lum, p. 2(11, ;in,l t,
178a
' nr.'H tlnTt'in, to IVale :iii'l Wtttl.
{^) C, U. VVuK:utt, Sm th..' liiin Mite. Collection^ Vol. 53, No. 1812, IlKiW.
^^m^mF^m.
MP
i^WYm^:-
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25*
'"""" ^'i"-- >wp: nil |;m , Tiiiii»Nk -
thiif .-urvfv, (1) tin- whi.lt. nt tl. f I. \f • ■ • ,. '" '■" ^'
oi.n,.n.., .,.,.,,, u,,n^.,n,,;.:'r\:,,;,;^;; ,;;■■::;: :■:;.,::-
^rt'.'" -^ "■"'■■ '"'—'•• "■ "-...n..! ';:,„;:
A l.n.t- IrtoiN ,,f tin. .\-|.l,.nill..,i. ..V ■.v|,|.-, i;,.., ,.,„„.I ,, I 1
Ill 1-,.. I»iiw-,,n lia.l II ri.-llv r, !.•',, I r . >. ' f , ,
<;urboMifoi'..u., I,ut la-.r \c ,tat..,l ,|„, .....ihiij,, ,!,.t I,. Siv'l".'"' .'" •'■
m>Jt.rl.v,n« f.,rm..tl..n- ,- f.,r ,.. .1.,. M.^.r \!,wi ,, ,^ r , . ' ""
::•,::::„;' ^"^ ■ -'-''> - "•■ '-it.,,,,..,. .,.,.. ./:;„:„^;,r;!
-Th.io i. ,„> ,l.,ul„ ,.,„. ;,f,..r ,).. l;,.h f„rM,..„i,„. „,,. ,1,. i,„.| ,,..,,
. .^^1- ■.. .n.„^,.„|,i,„. ,„nv,,„,.„t I,v „|,i,.|, ,|,„ Arl,,.,,,, ,,,,., .,f H.irlv til
__nM.-.. r,..,,,n r..,,n.-..,i,..,| ,.„ .„„ , ,|i of tli,. .iaihitin ati.'l Tl,r,.
F.tl.^ u - , ,l,t.u.rp., .P.t ,,rM„. , , ,|„. |,.,,i„„l„,. „f ,l„. C:,,,,!,,.:,,, |,„f,„..
tl.o F,„l,..:„l n„nrtz,t,. w„- .1 „..-i,.,,. w,,..,,,,,, ,|,i- ,„„v,.,n,.,„ „:.,,„,
^£;l,;:s-^rT,:!:-:::,:-r^'"^,:ti:ir,^:
^v.t , the ,r- a,r.uTr.„l:,.i,.„ ,., ,),. .,.,|i„„„„ „int fortn..! ,1,.. I„„...r ,.„rt'.,p
■f M.,o lo,l. nn.l^v-a^,.u,H^,i, ^vi,l, thoir ,l,„.,-i,inr ,l,roi,pl,o„r tl...
ifvtinns. VV.l. M, IWiS |. I*,9, "nDiiratioii)., (CO. Wal.ott, .Smith^^nnran Mi<c. r„t
.^^__ I.av,,, lonth (^n^n, report. Vol. 15 en Min-nR InduMrie,. IgM pp 6,7
*;^,-£vo^rir-i'2j'^""' "'""'*• ^'-^^ "'■'"• ■''""•■ "**• ^ »•
180
i>i:!'\!rrvi \r itr mr i\ii.i:nii:
2 GEORGE V , A. 1912
ilil'r |>.'|-ii"l. Tt 111. y h.no li.
'■II 'll'Cr
.I...I 1.
ir. ^1 (''ir :t liri. I' |.cnM,|. l,ni tin- |ii,.lMl,ii;i
iltL l!lHI'l:t III
.1 tl
.luVVIIUill-'l Ill.iVrlllcMt. it' it iMTUnc.l. «;.- -liiilll. N'.xl. ll
Cniiibriiin siil>siileiiiv procodi
V I- t|,,it till' m!ii'ni|ili..u t.i tin
i-piv;l.l ),
procodin;,' tlic Cniiiinlii.ii ,.t' tlu' Flatlipud .|ii:irtzit.'
tool< place. 1111,1 111,. Ciniiliri.iii sim .•,,v,rcd \:nv iiri'ii-; tliiit lin,| liitlicrtn
1" ell illi.'V,' ill,, -i-ii 1. ■ , I.
I" re 1- ;i iiKirUi .1 ,1111, r,
■ ■t' the Ih',1- ,,t' til,' tH.. -mill
I-'hillicinl l'..nii:iti..ii, uliil,. ill,' llili |„.,1, :iv,, -,, ;i|i,.r,.,l
I', -I mill,' ill,. > iit.iiiir.r
ill; .'..\VII I I W lir-ll ll;,
III III' cliiirMii,
iiiiy. 111. Ill III i.,ii I- >, ,.|i III til,
ilii,. riii-k> «liii-li iiii.l,
III ll|.:-t ,.;l-,^ ;l- ll
ih' III, III. Ill
.1, riv,..|. N'otu iil,~i:iii,|
'1 I'l-i'iii ill. l.ri'iik
lii-i
I'lT i-i no iiii>tiikiii^r tli,'ir .-(..liiMnt.irv I'lii
lillii;;- III Iiilii,ir|ili:-ii
riiclii'."+
In l«ll(l I'
III,. -iniii"iiri/,..| 111- h, I ,.|i|;.
-ii.ii n ..jjr.liii
iWiiiK- ui.r.j- :
It
|.,.— ilil,. iliiit ImiiIht ii" i-li;!Mli..ii niiy i,.|i!i in ili,i |.|.f,.i-
■ it' llii- f.iriinitiiiii |.. till- l,,.,v,|. |,;i,t ,,f til,. Ciiinl,
it i- -i.rirn.il |in.xi-iiiiiiilly f.. tin. .\l;j.i!i|;i,in."
liiiM. .\l I'M'-, lit. li.,u-,.vi.r.
Wo,.,l. 1,1,1
ii.frs niiil r
1«:H :iI,.I l^it',1. ,.,,|',
s-oii ill si.v,.riil |iulilii.;iiiiiMs issucil between the v.
r til,, t, n-iiii,- I., ill,. .\l;;.,iikiiin. tli.ui-li \V,4-,I nml I'
nf'er .-l..-,. -tinly ,( ili,. Cn-ll,. Miiiiitiiin i M,
nliiiiii I iniiiinu- .ii-tri.-i
ri.i. wvU
• P..t'i tlie cliaiint, I- .,f tl,,. „.,|
li,..i- ,if Mii|.lli. ( 'mill. rim ,ii;,. in
licU el' till. ( '111111,1
l'..Mii,I. It I
niH'iii- mill III
I llh
iii-iit,' tl
leir -iiniiii
ir ii..-ilii.ii l,(ii,.Mfli
rity 1,1 the r„,\v i;
mil (;<'iil".iri-H. in \vlii,-li ] .,vv,i- C
III-. iinwi'M.r.
ll.'.l tn .-111-- ll„. 1.1
In l->!)-> Will. ..It 11111,1,
Bi- B,.lt ,111,1 i.iiil,. ]!,.lt
• 'I'he iv^ults of
II .l^eli, rii, -tiiily ,,1 ill,. I, i-i-.m,
iiniiriim lo.^.-iil-, are
■.\|".-, •! in ill.
iiiiiimtiiins III., I in ili,. Ij,l,.i;. ,!i.^tri,-i. H,. writ,
lu.v invi'-titrniiiiii wer,' the ,li,-..
frriijihi.. i:ii. .iiil'i.riiiiiy 1 |.t\
IVlTV ,lt !l ;ri-,.l|t ,^11-Iltl-
till' (■miiiinmi
tliiit the jii.lt l,.rraiii. wm ,li\i-il,le int.i M'venil t',.niiiiti
I' li.riiiiit lull
(111-. 1111,1 tllHt f,lS:<ii
■ iTf.l 111 t|i(. ( ir, ,\ -nil
- lille- 111 ■,]l
..I III,. I!,l!
\V;ll.-,,ir-
Tiil.l,- \'lll.
ll.v r.lMHI I',,! |„ ,., ,illi ,!:, IhmIi,.-! 1.,.,1,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 r -I .
ti.iii •■( ill,' I
1,' liriMlle I- iImI
ll ll'ou' Willi- -tm,. 1 ill ill,. Cilj,
u iim wo
1- hi- .-..ii-, h,
r.ii. !•.
.1 Ih,. I,,
i'i,- ,1- i\i.o.,il ill ill,. Cl.-irk,. mill !., wis rmiiie-:
•The oM, -I f.iriiimi,.:, ,,!' Ill,, -i-ri..-. ih,. .MtM, ji,,,,., , j- ;,_i^ i
l.i th,. .\li-,.iikiiiii ]i..ri...l .11 ih, l,i-i. ,,|' t',w-il- ,|i-,-i.\,.i-,,l l.y W,l!,.r ill ii-
.•lnir;i,-leri<ll iinviie,. m llie f,i,,t ,.t' .Viipiknnny i inin n,.;i|. .Vltvn.
Mi.nlmiii. ■|'|.,-;e i.,--il. ,,,,■ rrii-ihi.iil - .,( v.iy lini, ,]„ lU ,.f ,.ni-iii,.,.mi-
[.-hii'llv ll.Uh,,, ,!,i„ii:\ 'I'l,,. i'M„ilit,..-,,ii- -ti-ma ,,r ill,. Hell
f A. C. IViiI(>. I! ill. r.S. (J.Kil. Siirv,.y. No. 110. l^!l,1. p. 1''.
•'riir,.,> I'Virk- Kelio, r.S. tlml. Siirv!. ISIK!. p. 2,
5 Hull. I'.S. (l,.|i|. Siirr., \o. l.'W. 18%. p. ];«(.
t<'. I>. Wiiliott, Hull. <i..,>l, Sni'. .Am, .11, 11. Vul. 10. 1>-:i!i. p. 201
'^'^&ki&..rm'-ii
if^s;
miidmiiilUi^maii^:
mi'iinr III I in: rim
l>//,'o\,,|// /.•
SESSIONAL PAPER ,\o. 25a
fi'nimtioii ill tlii- licit
feet of yt'dinicnt^ tinii
tlie I J
vlr> lll.TlHI IV,. t nf
IMlifTl' jrr M-|.;ir;llr.| l"r,,|,; -li, ( ^iilll.li.lll
1111 cxlnisivo iiiK'diil'i.riiiity. In tli,. Vvcnt
181
71 M1
tVroiH li. ,1. iiinl it
kiaii mill < iiinbr
l|'l'i'>'''lll.N ' lMrili;il.l.
of
ll.. I.. -ill
It I- |r..,iil,|f |h:it Ihr |.hiii.- ..( .liM-i,!, I„lu, ,11 III.- A!:..,
Ill tlil-i L;riMl
lioii.l iif M
lii'tii-iiiiiu.'il l.y |ijIi-i.iit..!oi;ii- cvi
i|'|"i' IMI-I ..t' til.
loiH',' will 1m> fmind
ilKMMJ (Tuck, \\',.1!,.|- fiillllll
•h li
iii''-t..ii,- II, ,ir
MilfT- IIS p.,->iM\ I,, I,.
vifW. ~;iyiii:; ;
■•■ Mr. \V,11
oiiii' iiiilisiiiHt I'oriiis which hi>
p^irl^ ..t i-i-i
-M.-i'ai,-.
\VM,
•'i^i;c-.t iluit till lrai;iii. II!-
caii rciiiiiiMv iipjiiMi-- i„ |„. th,. ,|„,^. ,,h„i-il.I,.. If fr,.,,, ;, T).
they W..11I.I -iiiiuc,
whcri- iiKirc mat. rial i- ihcIciI
fjiiiii- /.('{(
l'.i--il.|y rcprc-i'iit cni-tii-
cvcnian liorizon
111 .r.lci- 1.
I't ii- -iili^',11,'
ini\, at aiiv
. It
•liiiii.
I- a ca-
ll xic,. ( 'ity ill
'I' Molilalia ail. I
IIM"',; the lai-.'
iilalh. r, pre. ,1,1-
I ri 'M
the
In his paper 011 • Al^onkiai, r„riiiati„n- of .V„rtli«cMcri, .Montana ' Wal-
...tt r..,.rs the fntiro Lewis seriw ami its ciuivah.nt- t,, the pro-f 'amlirian
AUMukia,.) systc.n.t In this conHiisio,, he has hi.,, f„Il„we,l hv falkins
.a.,son.e. .MacDonal.l, a,„l I.i,,,!^,-,.,,. all w..,.ki,.. .,„ the Western pha^c of the
f>olt torra.ic „. Mah,,.^ The >an,e view ha- ,Mv,.rneil the cun.pilin.' of the
WeoloKK^al .nap „t ^„rlll America which was prcpan.,! for tho srssin,, ,>i the
Intoriiatintial (;e..l,,f.neal (■..n-n— i„-l,l at .M
lit ' Xeii-AIt'iiiikiaii ■ -li.iui, ill iji,. ^t-i
Ik-lt t. Trill, e.
As -me of \Vah.„n-s la>t iliM).;) pape,- .„, tiii.- -uhject shows the tren.I of
.■p.nio,, a.n„n« the I niteil States fro„lo^n-t-, the n,ore important parts of his
tablo ot eiiiinal.'iit- ha- i.,-,ii re|,r.,.|ii...l i„ -ral.l,. IX. ,,|- ,1,. pr,.-,.,,, r,.,„,,,
' }}■ .^'''i"' """■ *■'■"'• Soo. .\merica. Vol. 13, 1902, p 317
,1- ■■'""•.!'""• *^''"'- *^''<=- Airiprica. Vol. 17. liHW, p 17
? \\. laiiiluTiii, h.a. <J,..il. Siirv., I'rnf. I'api.r. \.,. 27. 1!H»'( i, 16
i'; ,.■ lV"';V""\ ^ ■.^•- ^''"''- ^"■•v., Hull. No. aio, low, p.'a::.
if- .V.^ ,;!'""''.'''• " -^^ '"'"'• ^»"- Hull- -M. 1906. p. 43
t. C. tiilkiris. U.S. <Jeol. Surv. Bull. 381, 19()9 p 27
189
/'i'/'.4A'7J/A.\T OF TUE IMEUIOR
Tahlk W.—Sko,ciiiij Walroir.
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
roirdalioiiH in the ' Belt I
erratic.
Hilt Mts
Montana
iKlutli.,i-l »s)
rnconfttniiitv.
1/.;r,«/(. MMi
Lkwis ani>
Cl.AB
KK KANOKs,
Cami- Chkek,
Ir.ssloN KAN'.K.
f'<HH I.AI.KNK J'1K(KI.I. KAXIif-
M.INT
IKTIIIIT, IriAHi
\,i ,,
C'imhrhtn
Tncimf'
'i|»Tjac.'iit
mtiiriiiity.
lii, an
\'Uiirt/iti-<, Limp
/rav, I.7'i-.'
'Ja. caIi-arf"U-< aiiti
arena* fniis,
IHMIO I!:
•' 'I IVIllIA
Hiliiui, calfarrnii-. ■'<""/i.
•.',40ll'
MIM«t>ilii, |,()(HI
Klitfnr*^ 1HI»>
^f'tikittir, I.TrtNi'
'■n.iMiu, ;(,0(m'
:ia. t..:v.
.\rrnact*oii^.
inotlv n-(|.|i,|i.
l,4'.il
N'" ■tiipcTjiicfnt I
A>..nac.-.,u., .\l.io '.>,„,„//, •^^,;„:^, _,^ _._^|
Aliiukiiiiini, .|„,| , ■( ^-
I Silici,„i,w, 3,H0ii , i;i,s ,,f' • I'l ■ ;„..,', Slni.r,l />, „<, ;>,,iO(i
— __ I si.iniiiit. I
Alliln. ■ ' '
Nudiind, I CalciiiooiiK and' I i
^ilii.iMU.«, 7uo' I
l^ll(■:ln•(1ll^.L',L'lK)
Silicicus. l.atKC
H!i„U„„i, u-„v„ y, j
<'al(;areoi.-. and </al.-ar.'..Ms an.l
.Wihiirl. 7(10
rninnfiiririity.
-4 ''''biiin.
T.ital, I'.'.IHKl-
N'l »u|iiTjac»'iit
-trata.
Il.n;<lli,
mIkm.mi, /(,,rA,. --.S7. /f,,„.,, .W„„„
""' .■"^'■"•" "~- ^ilici.M.sandar.- .MetarLnllii, .,,,,1
and K,av l»-,l., Kr-nnisl, aid l"'"'"" • •'.■'"<*
h 'Tv I . I <
lia> no'aliil.
Total, ■J),77il
t'rav Ix-ds, K,{\i»:
Kil,li,i,,r.
',>'iait/iti-
I'rirhar.l.
Hand. d. dark
l)luf i;ray. hint- ' V,,,^,,,,
IJiu'k and irrav. i^uarlzit.-
Hihciun.- s*-rif.s
lo.miii
Haw o.m.ealPd. |Ha».- i-.in(^al.Ml
l"tal, '.'.-..no,)' ,T„tal, :.'(l,4.Ni '
m^^^mHWl^^-
in:i>()iir ur iiir: rinrr .\sTii(>\o\n:i!
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A .;ore recent tuble of correlation ha. been publijl,,,! by (
183
has similarly (quated the Kite!
W allure and Blnckfoot with X./wlaiid and Al
chencr with the Ravalli and l;„rke
alkiiH
be
o to agree with these
for 1;m)-,, the Kitchener quart/
limestone; and part of t'le ('
inetaririllitc. In l!»i)7 the
uiTelations.
itc pa>ses into,
reston (luartzili
t.vn.
A- stated
The p
thi
iresciit writer has not
ill hi- siiiiiinary re|]..rt
eii livalent of tin- Siveli
is tl
writer came ti
lie ei|uivai. tit of tl,f Siyeh li
me-toiie
and tl
■<Unvaleiit, to the App<kiuin>
"It limestoiK
sii-pi'cl tliat th.' Hlackf.
le ni'Xt.
ir W;
.his .„ U- ,1„. ,.as,..t It ..em. „ece.ary. therefore, ■io-inak:.;;, •H^li.t'T:;'
La.,„,t Kan.e di.tr.ct-. if the e.|u,valenl ,.f U,,. Blaekfoot lime- on,- h hv
"r 7: ;^ '"■''■"*^ ♦« "•"• ^i>-'' horizon. The other n.etnhers Ih' s ra -
^f r^St=e^^Stf^"!;- :-f ;^^ --„-. -r;:^-^
:rM:i':ri:iX'-''''-'-""-''^«''''' •.„„. s,rati.,.a,,ie .;'„:;• :„;
reeo.n,ii'/l"^.' f"' ^:''*-*'';-T*"> vr-nn.pal diffienlty in the correlation with
re o.nn.ed systems ,s of eour-e. th,- rarity of fossils which can ie. any sense
detertmne l,or,.o„s. Ihe o,dy well ..haracteri.ed fossil horizons yet found in
e H,l er.ane as dehne,) l,y Walctt oc-nr it. the lower part of\he .ireyson
s ah- ..t the I.elt .notn.ta.tis a.ul ,n ,l«. ,„,,„.,. pan of the ALyn fortnation in
he .cw.s ,.a„.... II,.. so two h„ri.o„s n,ay well l,c practicaliv tcmporan s
a, th.y ,,.,.,,, ,„ ,„„1,, .,r,,„j,r,|,hi, r.-lations a,el hoth canv the abundant
spece-. /.,//„,„ . ,„.„ Xeither that s.eei..- „or a„y of the as^^iated oh c re
organ,M„s ,..„ d.rectly date the horl.,,,, which ha- ncvc- been found i,>
( a..n.r,a„. S„ tar as p„r,.Iy paleontol„^ncal evidce,- is ,.„ncern,.l. it is ,„,i,e
w.th,n the bounds of ...ssihility that f,e llelti.a h,.rl.,u i- reallv a lower pi al
of the Lower Cnmbrtan. Olenell,,. „,„.,, „, ;, ,,„t ,,i,,,,„,, „,,,„/„,,,,„ „,^/;;';;^,
-N. orpatttc remntn. .ivinf, deei-ive iudication- of a^-e have been found in
the overly„„r s,.,|.,„.., ,.,,„„,,, TJ,.,,„^, ,^,„, ^,_^^^,^ f,„„,,i„,„ „f „,^ i^^,j
monnta.ns or ,n the equivalents „f ,hes.. either at the Fortv-niuth Parallel or
in the thick dc,K>s,ts of Idaho and we-t, rn Mo„«,Mia
Walcett reoo.ni/es tic rambrian-OMovician eq„ivalent, of Met -ontteir,
( ast e Mountain srroup as eocurriuf. „oar Belton. Montani. and at Xvnek creek
Montann.§ At tbe^e localities, massive bluish and greenish limeston,,;;,^-.,,, |',;..l,i.. |.,.,1I„.,V,
''"' '■''■''■ ''iiil""!i'"-. "Ill, -.■II,,. iiH.liri,.;i,l,,ii . il„. ,.,.,.,.,.1;,,;,.,, ,,,• ;!,.. i...^.-
son.-. 1! 1, -..I-;,... ,iM,| III,, c.,,,,,, (■,,. .;,-l;|,.,,.Kf,, ,,.];,, .,.,!,;
•'■. 1). \V.,|,„.t. S|„,tll-,„.|;,„ Nt>r. (■ :ll,.r||.„|, v„]
♦ < t, .x. c. i„, »-,,!,. Hill!, ii,.i„,.tMi,., I . , (,,,.:.:,., r
"IM. p 112
,V'!. \,. isai. \w>'. p. 2.
^'''■■■-i:> .f (■..!;,.., I,.,.. V, :, !.
ISO
I'.v U'lii.^oit.* n
i'l i\iiiut:s7 Of
Tin: iMEHioH
11 wlif.Ir I'lif,.,!!
2 GLORGE
•912
*<"ne'* iH
Pl'l''.'.l 1..V \VHl.,.,t, ,„n,|, t. o 1, «• ., ,1,,, „„ I .1 ,
i"ii ill Tn
III.
I.\".
• ri... n,Hn,.„ ,,l.,iiv,.s „f ,1,0 Cr,..,,,,
Ki..;l<,... nr.. rrsi..,.,:.,,!, tl,,- av.. tl.i
'leli.nitr.1 l.y \|,. ,{ ,y ^viiii, ,,,„,
.i.H.iS.r^::;;:^-:;:,;r:;.;:.,H::r'-- ^' '"-
I p. !Ci;-
'II iiii.i Ki-, h,.|„.r c|i!nrt'
iiu'iiiImt- ..|' t|„ .\Ify
'■■^' 'ii<' yciif Mtiil, , .ii-ri. .l\
■ ill the
iHir'tCTli"
fJi. s,n,ti>rrapl,it. ...|i,iv;,I..nt . I " '"
"iin<l, Wf Imvi- ^Ol■Il f
i.ll. li. I
til. P
r
h> li.,,IV!,f
.i I' I.irii.ii.s
lit''' .iiiH^nt'
, , , i-H.,ti.t. :. i., ;,.v,,,I ,„ |,p
T'Ti 'if 111.' (•r,..t..ii .|u.iv,nt.. M,, .1,,
!r : -.;::;i' ,::i;:r';;;,,,;-r:;;r "*■ ^■'''
!;;;..:;;;;^i;:,;:tts;s,-s;:;;-:;r:t■^•;;"■■■ ,--
^anibrifl,,. Tlio r,.it«l S,Mt..8 ,.o^..^^X' ' n '. '
tl..' -M-.nl.v ui,f,.,ili,Vrous li.lt '' Matiirnllv r.f
tin ilic l'..riiiiiti..iis ..f I't:
illl.'i.i./ :,. i'l,,..
III.' iiiii.., ill!', r,,i,, ,-,.,.|^. , ,1 ,.
I>..WS„M. \|,.(.:,„v .,u.| ..tliCT- 'tP.l'i;
illlll.
II- I'l-. Lai. ly
natiirnily rff:,sf.! t.. i 'a.-e
t' rraiic in tli<^ -anii- purl ..f tin • . , ], ,.■ . , ,
••"rn.I.„i„„ a,„l l,i. ,..n, / , K,:''*'''^^''','''''';''?'^''-' ■■'">••■"•"- - auikinp
Pre-Camhrian a^,. „^- th,. I \ '■.^"'■'•"">- " '^ '-i-t"in. !. u. v. r. that th.
^^^o.,an.a.:hh\t.tl;::x:Mrrir:;:i,;^^^ --
l-y fliv unl,.,-', M.i:_,. -,,■,! vi,.w rl„. I.' , 1- • '•'^'■' '"^- 'Nan,;,,,,!.
for.,. ..„„.. .. ,, ,-:;;;;■„ i;;-'- -. '^ -;^^;.^ wa, ,.„,.,, h.
-:inn..,itarl... ev.-IiKli,,^ ...e'l h„^o soHo a U ^ .iLr'', '• r''; •'■'''
I'l^vr I, Trail.-, t i.- ( h.rrv Cn;.]- )„,U f . i> '^' P"^' ■^^' ♦"! :'■ fh.- Vrifsf
lire thii-
IT. •.lit,
Miiart/it.. „r ,ho t ,„(a .„.,■„.„,;„.
fei't of maximum thifkn.'ss
"irii
r.o.iDifi
•Ri.ll. Qool. Soc. Am.rlca. Vol. 17, 1906. p. is.
Vnzona. v,,.,
lii.i.'
the
u^t^T^^^T^yT^^^^K^^^
SESSIONAL PAf £R No. 25a
PH.rrull.v uninl..,ri,|.t.,| -. .lini.-i.tnli,,, lhr..„ul, r,,„.l.rii., i,,,,. W ,'■■, t,\
corrol..l,on „_K.,lv.s il,. ,.,.,„.l„.i,v. •!.„ , ,, r, l.,r;,. m,.., „.. ; ..„ 1 ■.n-hin
snuthiTi. nr.ti.l. C luN.l.i,, „n,i AM. ri„ ,„u,l, „f |,|.| | .,,• „, --. ,■ \I, „. .„a
repr..« nt. m.^ ,>r , ,„„i,.„.„H l«n,l . M, , ,. rr -,,,.,r.„M,. U,. . .„„l.il,„;
biiMii of the (iirimh.,,, C, kli'n f r ,.n tli.- C.iMl.rin, I,, -i,, ,,.■ It,!, n-i S.v „l,
The.. f.M,|„nK.M.alK ,!.. ...t ...,,„•. ,i :..., :,„. „„,.„,„„ ,.,„ ,„. r. ;v .u ^ir.ii-
gropln: il..,v -h,.„l,| L. ,„ ,1,.. ,„i,„i „f ,, ,,,|,„ „,„„„„. ,, ,,,,., |„.^ ,,,,.
.■omlm,,,,^ uh.i.r v',i,.l, ,„.„,,,.• f.T, . 1,:m|! ■„, r.....,- ..i ,i,. ..„.. l;,-.„
"'"' I'l'' IT' '1' Ml u.^ ,.f \! nr;,,,;, .,,,,i All.rri.i,
< ..III! I MliiN uiiil |)^^^„,.\ Si.l.Mkiv • M. A'aM- I.vki -ii:.iv
Sl„,ri4> iH-fnr,- lii, ,l.;,tli (;,„r>r.- M It,, .v.,,:, p- , 1 1 ,.|' ,,•.■ tii,- ' ,,1
Su.-irty ,.f Aiiicri.-u a |,.ii.. r -uinnuiriMi . I,j. x|,.„, ,: ■,,r'\t„- •!„■ l- ■.'.■•"■'..{•
tlif CHia.lia.i C.r.ni.r.i.' Ii i- C.rt „:,,,( ■ l.r il„ -,•;. ,i ■,• |i,,t , .' ,",|.'. .1
t.. n.mplrl.. l\us ;,|.|,. ,vv i.w ..f l,i- ,| i.,.,.w ri,- ,|„rln-.- ;. ,,;..«.: ,.: ,nrv
"' '"'""'^ ..■iitiiM s ,,x|.! ■rati,.,, 1,, il„. „„,,,„,.,;,,. [„ ,, ,i,.i:.., ,, ,,, ,]
prin..,p.l ,M,,tUi-_..r „r„.|ali..n n„ ..th.r ,. ■, „, |,| |,„., .. .,„fl„'„.'i, „iv'..Iv
dlKP8U'«l I)aws„Ms „.„„.r.. = ,- iv,,.,rt- al,,„u «,ti, fl,.. „tl,..,., ,,„l,:i.|a..| i„.(..r.. tt„.
yenr I'MK). Ww rr„l,.r ,f \,\< -, „.,r- «il! n-lr li,.iv |i;,u-,, ,.. ,| ,,,. „,,.„ .
t nu'il srii.iiiitic caiiii,.!, in iiiakin- ,-,,rr.|
rr. I;iii<,ii- ail,,.,,.
' r r ..-ix- ..f
liriti-l, C.hiM,!.;. In ... 1„i,f „ nn„.w „f ,, v;,-, ■,,.,:, ": '^^■,. i,.\ ;-,,i,I, '",i,'i,
all .,( l,i> ,lonl.t< an.l .i,ialiti.;,i i. n- ,,. ;M ,„,, 1„ ,.,,,.,, | s.iH „ .„, i,. l,m
/'f'""! ^-y.'^'""''' '--r. r- 1- -1 l„,u ...1,.., ;M,,,,,r. ,.„„„,- „„.l„ 1...
.lr.lM.-.-,I as li.il w,rk ]. !•.,>;,. !. S„„„ w|,.,l ,litr,-r-..,,i ,..,r,,.l.,t i.., - ,■•, ■, )„•.,
M,Kp-i.-,l l,v tl- •.,.],! ,l„ia ;• il,. |-,„-r> ,-,:ti, IVril',.!. T.,. ,.r.-,,'. '.M-itiT
l.«li..v,.-i lliat III. th.iy^- ,,f ,|,„... -,..ti,,,i- , .|,.-.,r;i..|. i- .,,.iV„,. > .;,„i|.,r
t.. tluit of tho ,rt,v-niiitl, l'a,al!,-! f. rina ... - ,, u.,,--,,,.! ...r.;:. i.,,f,iiv,.
■■(.rrclatii,s «i!.l,i„ l)ir S.Uirk i, niaii, -y-i,-,,,. W |„ r.- al! ;- -■ ,i|!;..,|'it in
th.' -imi.v ,.f tl„- „nf..-iiif,,,-,,„, .,r,-,,:,. .( .,,r.,ia. i- i. v..;' ... , i, •■,•.,,:,', all
?'osm1)Ic view.. ,,f •li,. nlati,.!,- until ;,.-.i,i,,„lai ,„:. Tan- -Kali ;,.,n- w ,|..u',, t'l,..
altr"Mativ<'S.
'''"•^■■" ' ■! '"'""I i" tl... <,lki,K ralii;,. ar..l ti„ -I,..],! r.,,..-,-' , 'h.^
r..liMubia s.v-i.ii! „f ,1„. ,,r.-, „t np.ili tl,r,... ll.i.'k i;r,.i,|.- ..■ r.-K- wl,i.-l,
lio nainr,] thn • .\ i.<o,.n1itl. -.-ri. <.' tl„. • S,.lki,.k ^^.Ti.'S.- a.„l tl,. • A.|..!„. |..,k..
siTi.-,' .\l| thr. e wi'U- n-frrrcl I,, tli,. Canil.rian ai„l i..i,.|, „.;,. •■ ,,. ,. irar.!...!
l.,v l>au-,,M a- a -'lalitrraphi.' i-.pii^ .-,1. nt ..f -., p,,r' .,t' lli. (a-- . \r,;u,taiii-
Bow Kivrr irr..np of fho Il..ok,v Mountain ranjro. F-.r tlw pnrpo*,.« oi thp
rinr,.m ,1,-, ii-.i,,„ M.. l,rirt".T. in..r,- a.-.-ura', v.av ,.( pn-, i.llui: Davv-..!,'. -ali,.nt
'■'"<■'"''""- '■ niiinr fl,<-. ..-ri. .Ml, 1... ,1, v..,.,l ,1,,,,, ,,, ,|...... ,;, ,,,,„
suniniar.v in full lie wr.l.. : -
■ I'a-siiip now to the next n.,r,ntaiii -y<(,ni. t.. tlir -..,,ti,\v,-- ,,? ihc
l.nranii.lo ranpr ,,n,i parallel wilji it ... (;,,],| rauL'. - w, t'..,; ■.•. ih,.
•O. M. DBwsoti, Hull. <j(MiI. Sw Amoriin. Vol. 12, I'M)!, pp. :,:.92
MICTOCOPV RESOLUTION TEST CHART
■ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2|
1.25
1.8
1.6
1.4
_^ APPLIED IM/1GE I
^^ '6^5! Ens* M^.n ^t-ee;
■^^ I'^'S) •82 - 030C - Pho'^e
^= i7!6) 288- ^989 - Fa.
192
/'/./• I '■/:// v/o/ //„,, ivrii.'ini
v;,.|L.;, , 2- GEORGE V., A. 1912
■"'.V I'Sslls, but „|,|„,,,. ,.. ,,.,„.,.\.i,r , '■'"■'^- '!'^'» I'^'V,- ,„,( yrt yi,.',],.!
'■"■•"' -■ ^""' ''■"■'■•■I tin. l,a-.. with
..f ,r;,y ,|.f,,v ,,„„,„i„„ ■•,.''■ l'"";'-''/H,.i ., .H,l,.r.,l,I.. ,l,i,.k,„.„
!"""-<".i.'. In „ll„.,. ,,.,.,:,„; •, ■!•• In.-K.,.- „| l,la,-kM, ,1;,,,,.,
K..„.nay ,li,„.i.., a, ,i in 'l : : '" "-—'-■" P-'t of ,l„. W,.,
lin.ish C.linnl.ia. '" '""""" "' "'" '"'•'•'•..,• ..I.:,,.,,, „f
I III' .\i-,-,,i,|it|| ,|.,.j,,, : I I- 1 ,■ •
ir-;:. "^ - 'i"">i.^.i-^n ' inJ:, ;• " ;;;.::,;;r;r"''"'''" "t"' ■
^' '■^■n<OM ,, ,|n->ik that it/,,,.,.! I,,-, l-arn,„„i,. ,„„.,, l„,t ,l„.,v
- "'i-'"-'^.' - i-^i:'n.;J';;;:',,;;:;'''''"''^'' '■'■'•--'"- -^--'.i
=•^.^.ii.r;:■;:t':;t':h:i,:::,',':,7' n.., i„ ,h,. s,,,.,,. „„.,,,
.. ■ . _. , _.>.'iinr Itct con;;!.! iii.r ■.!...
y I '•,.<-,„•,., .r „,,, „„, .,.,.,. „i-h-„.ay .,.1,;:,:
i„.I
. . ill,
,'■:",'"-""-■ :-^:i"'-.. ,„,t rr„,i,.r,.,i
I'lil i|iiai-fziii'-
h
■ ■•v,..,.,^ "nil ('"I'ii; 11,11, vit,., .,.,1 • 1 . i".ii i/iM'-;,
"lii'ii I'lnnjilciit (,, ,1,,. (•., ,1, M . • '" ■'" '•^■"I'^Mtly 11, th,,
.- uHVi-tMl hv t!u. f.,,-,],.;. ' I "" ;"" "■'■'";"■ '■'"'■—"'in,' that .,■„„,,
' Ti, il • • . , " iaMi',1, ilrK- (,1)1,11 I, t
"1 lla,' Vlr,l,|tv ,,1 Sh,,.,, M, I., I >. 1
'i- I'l^H-.. „f ,1,, s,1ki,L- -,.,.;. ,'" ^'-■•"l>tl, a.,,] vl„.iv ,„.,.„, .vii„.
■ ;•■*■'•■ ''■h,<o,o,.k:"ha; ,:„";,;;;;;,",: '7;" ^--ip. ,.1.,,,,. th.,,.
'in.e^ „a.T,o,:3 srhi-t- ..f ■■ h ''■l'l~!'n.l,t... .,.r„.iti,., a,„l .,„„„.
.n,y ;„ ,h. ,„,,,, ,,a,:,:„, Hu. J-iir "i;:;';:':;'';;'-^'"-- /" "- i--.. a„.i
"'■'•ly >'. a. at,.] . n fnll,.wii,n. .],,. „ ,,; , ' ' ' ""; '-"^'I'Wrat... ar,. l,„t
-.--. it i. iv,„,„i to 1 ;,:,:.''■•;'""'• "" *^r'"""^ "^ "■" "'"""•-"
-''1. ■lial.a.os ai„l „th.>r •«„,;, a """'" "-'^'''"•^'•"'- «''■! "^I'-1">'I^.
^--I '.• .■n^y .,a,!::,i7/ T '' t^' ': "■'""'' ""^ "■>^^''^- '"^'^- •-
n.i,. n,o,an,o,,,M-,„ I , , "'"^'^''^ '"''■"''I «-"l .n„..|, alt.av.l hv .Iv,,-,-
a'....t 2;;.000 f„.!t ^"■P--"xnnat,. thh-k,,,.. of tin. ...-i,. U a.ai!.
ni.fnur or im: i mii .\.-i i!n\,,\it:i;
193
SEiilONAL PAPER No. 25a
■ The upiiL-r |..,rt ■,< tiic (
Xi-('..iilith M,Tii><. may tliiw hr
in the cmsUtii [Mi-t of tin- l.aiai.il.l
;iii]liriaii -y-irm.
aiil to he rf'|ii-i'-
raiiL'c. ,-aI,'
Uiv,'
iiiii'
aii.l
t,,iir'.
ali,.Vr tlh- li.vv
•ntcd I'hlcllv l,y !
-ilii^ts in tlio \V('-li rn part
'l"art/ir.>. :n-aywa.'k,-,. ,,ihI CMn-iunH-ratc* in thi-
'""' '■>■ ^"I'aiir nialcriaK >iil! rurtli.T f. the wost.
^i-a<I\ial i.a^.ayv (xi-i- li',,ni ,.nr t.. an..i|„.r ,,r th.'-o
fiiMT a-hy n.at.i-inl- nf v..l,,,,,i,. nn>in liiiv,. .■Ntrndo,!
"f th'' sanii' niiif;'
Scikirk nioiintaii;s
It i^ ImHi-vcJ tliat.
■/.•'\\<-~. and t!iat th.
in a,.p>-M iahl,. qnai.tity ,.a-l«a,,l to wliat 1- now tho oontinonfal wat,.,-h(v!
in t|,o lai-amnl,. ran^-,.. No ,-,,„to,n,.o,an. o„. voloani.^ ntatnrials have
n..wovf, l.oon oh.orvrd in the undorlyinL- R.w \\\v,r ,.r Xl-ooMlith -ori,.. ■*
Thf writivr has .-tiidi, d I)aw-..n'< ori>.niial to].,
'ho jri'iniids Mf the <-orrohiti.iii- inoiitioni..l in th.
tuiiafcly the ai.hious and rapid natiiro of hi> ic
Dawson ir..in coiibtniotiiip coluinnar scplions in :
oris witli a view to liiiiiir-taiiii
I'oi-oiioiii;;- i|ii,,tatioii. t'nfor-
oiiiiai-- n.T ~Mrviy^ pn-vcTitrd
,.,,., .- — - ■■■ "I'tail ~ :]iciont to iiiako inton-
Mvo hth.dojncal oompati-ons pos-ihlo. Xcv, rth.lcs-. iho nior,. ,!otailo,l faH.
oortainly soen, to warrant the helicf that the S.-lkirk .erics U. in the main
.■luiyalent to the Summit series of the Forty-ninth Parallel seetion and f^
til.- ( asflo .Mountain-li..w IJivor jjronp ,,f MePonnell's section
C)„ the oth,^r lm.nl, a>,y -atisfaetory ..on-l„sion as fn th.- n.Jati.n. of the
-N.sconl.th-Adams Lake terrane to the formations mapped at the International
boundary could not be reached without further field-work. Since the forward-
ing- ot th.. onpinal n.ann-cript of this r,.port f,,r puhli<.ation. th.. writer lii.s
s[>.-nt a s..a-on m the principal ar,.a. alon- the main lin., of the Canadian
Pacific rnihvay, w],ere Dawson studied these old rocks. At tf.e time of the
pn^sent wr.fnp (Xove.nlH.r, V.>\\). the results of that season's work are not
tully ..ompiLd, l,ut certain of them, I.earinjr on the question of correlation are
already in -liape for definite statement.
The «rit.^r has l,een forced t.> .liffer from Dawson in s.^vral in,|v,rtant
conclusions. J he evidcnrrs in each ease are necessarily too detailed to he
stated 111 the pn-sent report, w'lerein the writer's rel..vant cnm.lnsi.,ns onlv will
I"! briefly iiote.l. as follows:
1. Th,. •Xi>,.onlitir s,,ri..s of th,. S,.lkirks. as se,.tione.l hy Daws„n henv.vn
.^"'■n ';"•'"";« ',*'"" ""' ^'^'"''''' """■'^' '-eP''^^™** 'he northern ..ontinuation
of th.. Beltiau ( ..^It torrune) ro.-ks at the Forty-ninth Parallel, and .-onfoniiahlv
undevhes tie th.ek quart/.ifes of the Selkirk series, whh^h are prohahlv of
t ami.nan ape. The writer helieves that these ' Xis-onlith ' rocks of the Selkirk
mountains should l..frically l)e includ. d in the Selkirk series.
2. The 'Xisconlith* series of th.- Shuswap lak.^ area is an entin-lv
different, pr,-Caml,r.an an.l pre-P.-ltian. proup of sediments, .^Mnh underlie
the •Xiseonhtir ..f tho Solkirks uiu-onformahlv.
Ibid. pp. C6-7. In the second voliin...
iuiu.iip.uo-, in rne second voUin t th,. -iini.. IjiilK.tins (l^M|, ,, u,; |in(
^y'* /'/ /■!/,■/ i// \/ o/ ////, iMi:i!i<,i:
:' GEORGE v.. A. 19i;
.;. ;nK. A,h,m> I..k, v„l..„,,i.. ,.n.., ,.„„f.,nn:,l,K- ,.,,.1,,.. ,i„. ,„„.k ll,,,,-
•1. Th. -Shu-w.p -,,.;,.,• ,,,• ,]„. si„„vv,„. Ink... ,v«ioM U not n .ll<ti„-r
...n-M,. .r,,.p ,,n..o,,^,^,,.l,^ ,,,.,l,.rlv:,,. ,1„. ' Xi-,.„nli,l, ' -ri,.. l,„t .,„v-
'!'"■ "■ l'nth,.l,tl,„. ,„tv„-i.,n, Tl,.. l,;„l,.,|i,i,. .n. ,.,v.I!,.l,in„ „, ...,.
The r.orn.lati..n. -n«t,.-f,.,l l,y ,1,,. „,.„• f;,..ts nn- =n,Mn,:„-iz..,l i„ T.l.;,. X.
Tm.m: \,--ro,T. /„/;„„ „.;//, r'„„„./m„ /'„,;/,■,. y/,,,,,,,,,, >•,.,./;„„.
WksTKIIN PAliT ^.
SkI.KIHK liAX(;E, -IIINI OFroi.lMHH ^Kl.KIKK RAN(;K .\T H<M K V ^r. H \r MN
I'.MlU.fKl.. llANliEllNTKIIIliK J'""'',;'^'''- ' '^ KAN<;K: I!o» Kn Kll V'.K
I'l.Al'KAl >. y.\S. 1 A( . Kv. -Kl lIiiN.
V™h,^!". ! *'*,'''* •'■"•"■■'' "''''"• '\"'' -W" " " ' ■" " Mifl.lU- C\,i.i-
_::_::__ __ '""^'- Senm. /,iin I- fiart. l.rian.
iil.w;i'„.;v: : : : \ *'/,''^' *"•"»■ '""''"^ «->«■" a~~^~; L,:;;^7'a ~
W„lf, upiHT part'.; : : .'.'.'.'.'....".','.. \ ' "'''" '■ '■■"■'• ''■■!:.«.
ir..n..v„u.,j„ic». .. .::::::::::: ::IZ1J::;^:'"'"'' ""''"'"■'"■ , ■— i'-i-i
Jrtni' Coii(,'!i))iicrati> I ' '" pi't-sfiit re
■ :_:_: I !»'«.
I'licunf ormity I'ncmfnrtinty . . l-iiL-..iifnrniity ; ' "
}-ri(,tR„;r Tcrram A d a m > I.„k, UraTuv l,atlu,T[t'h/^ '■ i^TTT ,":,
S,r„»:N,srwi- i-Mtting sthists i]f ,ir.-ii. iti.iii.
Iith S-rim (of Dawscin's "Nhciiii-
I)awscin);.S7(.-s- Iith (jf Shu'^wap
"■'/;) Sin,!, (nf I,ak.-s art-a •■
l>a«si.nl. !
W^mrmi^^^^m^^^..
mm^m^m..
urmirr m i iii < ini i i- i i:ii\inii /.■
195
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
K\>ll.li\ (i
Kii-;v\i i.i\ M j;i.i 1 i.y
I 111. < "Khll.l I i,\.
Ill lliv litiiil frciiiMiil
it- origin, it is ot tir-l in
i/.itinii iruiii'di
;i I iM.Mii-
-viiclnuil -iiiuiii^M
cli;iiri liav
IXirtailCr t., illrlurli' :l llcfillit
ny pri^iii ,.i- |,ri-rii- .mt ..t which ih.
1- I" I'll nun
I-.
I' coni'ipii..ii (
p.ck f..I,K ,,1
f tli^
'^'- '''T liif .a-t.rn hall ,.t ihc N,,i-th Ai -i-Mn (■..nlilhi;,
•I... c.miplox Mi-cgcni.- liistnn- mu<\ U- ,li-r,;-,.,| in trnn> ,,f ;,i I,.H-t thr..- p, n,„l-
-t -pt'Oiiilly iinpnrtiint '^.n.ywUual -. ,|li,,cnt:iti,.n. A. l),„ui I p.-int, ,1
',"• '•"■ l"-ii"-'l>iil l--ri,M| j, ihM ,,| r|„. ,|,|„„i.i„n of th,' -tr.itilir.l -,.ri... Ir..,n ih..
< ..mhvnin hn„l rnnf.^rnuihl,. p,v-()l,.n,.l|„o -y<t.n, f. th. M :-i~Mppip, -v-i, ,n
iii-lusiv... I-„r thi. hiir.- :„-.-u,Mnl;,li f ..l,,.,!,- ;„„l rh.-nn,-.,! ,|, p,,-iN thr
pr,.>wit wnt.i- ha.- p,,.pn>,.,l tin- na ■ ItH.-Uy .M,.,n,tain ( ;r,:-M„l,n,,r th,
■|<.^vn-^val•p,.,l .Miriacc „f th.- pn-Can,l.rian m, wliiH, th.- pri-n, n-t- n.;v !,.■
^al(|. Un .liMiiirtiun. t„ form tlio • K,„-i<y M.mntaiii ( M-n-viirli,,,' '
In nortluTn Ahiska. nr,rtliea>t,Tn Ala-ka. ra-t, n. \uk.,u. , a-t. rn l;,iti-h
" •■liinihia. AllHTla. Montana and .-onlral I'tah. tho l;,.,.kv .Mountain- iu th,
"'"" ' '""'I narrower ,on-o „f thr tmn, aro I'hii'tly or hii-vlv c-oinpo.o,l ,,t' ro.k-
tornmife' part of this pri.sm. So far tlio propo.so.l nam, i- appropriate, in Colorado
flio Ko-'ky Mountain, arr prin.-ipally .■,,inpo.s,.d of other t.rrane-, s,, that th.-
toded and faulted roek- of the p.-i-n, -on-titnte the ralit-es of the (ir.at Ba-ln
1.11 ot whiel, he uvll l,a,-k ,.f the front nun.-e of ih,- Uo,.kie- proj^.r. V,t thi-
part ,.t the Coi-dillera the p,-op„-ed name is not tittinfr. oxeep, a- the pri-,n
IS by Its nam,., loeaP-.l ahui^.-hl,. th,- lo,-al ranp-,. of the true l;o,.kv Mountain-
However, th,- la,M that l,y far th,- i;n-at,-t part of the Ko.-kv Mountain ..hail,
-in-o,>er) ,s a,.,ua]ly nu„le .,f the r..,.ks of this prism, ha- imp,.ll,.,l ,l,e writ,-r
f. suggest the mime eliosen. Dana Inis offered tlio name • Rookv Arot.ntain
^:e,,-,vn,.l„,e. t„r ,1,,. ,.,-t-( 't-.-ta,-, ..•- .I,.wn-warp- afh-.-liuL' a h.-al'iiavt „f the
' oniilh-ra. iiain,.'y. that in th,. \Va-at.-h-( ;,■,-,■„ riv,-r r,-L;i,.n. '^ l--,,r th, -tu,!,-, t
ol .•,,ntinental u,-.l,,^y tin- name -,-, ,us harlly appropriat,- ; th,- lar.,,- part of
1 he Kooky irountaie jrn.iip ha- not been affeeted by .lown-warp=i of this date
at I,.ast to th,. ,-M,.ht ,l.-nian,|in- th,- formation of thl,-k prisms of se,liment"
In any ,.ase the .oan, uplift of th,. IJo,-ki,.s proper ha- not 1 „ du,- to th.-
generation of 1,-rtiai-y -.-o-ym-linal- but ha- ratla-r h.-,-., otu- of th,- ,-aus,.s of
their stibsi-.pieni formation.
Piirinu' the oth,-r tw,. p,-rio,ls of heavy -,.,liin,.ntation, the r,.-nltin ,.,,-vi-
dinals were ineomparahly -mailer ami all of mon- lo.-al natur,- "tlnn ' fh,-
.-nonnoiis mass of -trata upon tlw haek of vhieh. ami f,-,.m „• .,d^st.„„.e „'■
whu-h. th<se yo.in^;,-r pri-ii.s wert- mad.-. The latter in,.!u.l.- th,- Cn-t-n-eon
g."Osy,K.],nal of the Crowsnest district in Canada as w,-ll as that in Colorado-
ajso the Eo.vne r.-yiH-nnnk ,,f the yr.-at ,|,.wu-warp- north ami -outh of (h.-
I inta mountains.
With the Creta.-eon.s ami Ko.-ene M-.-o-ynelinals we are not now en'.-m,.,l
but they arc mentiom-,1 in this pla-e in onler to imli,.at,- onee more the '^nki--
abihty .,f having- a convenient nam.. f,,r th," ea-tern half ,.f the r'ordilI,.rn whi,-h
•.f. n. Dana, Manual of GeeloKv. Ith e.Iition. 189.i, p. .IK
J.',a — Vol. 11 — l:!i
mr^^r^>^( f''iJM.mmmam^^'
10.;
Ill r\l!, Ml, \ I (,i I III i\ I i.ninl;
2 GEORGE V . A. ;9':
ha:* i... a !„.ilt -o liii-ficK :■ tl... ,■,„■].. \M .1,,um in tl,,- ■ thiv, |,..ri..l- V.r
use in fhf. |,r..-..nt r.^port r',1. ,„,■( ,.f ii„. < '..nlill, r.i ;,,!! I„. ,.,,il,.,| ;1,.. ■ l-'n-t, rri
Oe,->.,y,.-!nu,l I!,.],.- I,. „ l.fr ..hapt^- .1. i.il- nil! 1,. i,iv,.„ uhi.l, t.n.i t-
oorrol.r.rM,. tl,,. ,,n^aili.,^ v i.w that tl„. «•.-,,.,■,: ,.,,■, ,,,' ,1„. ( .nlillfTa. fron.
Alaska •.. -.,„tl„,-„ (■;,Iii..n,in at l.-a-t. i- a .,.,■,. n.l ;:,-, unif ,l,.,.|,lv cuntra^fo.i
in coiMpv.-Minn an,| l,i-t..r.v uitl, il„. Ka-i. rn II, It. (.,„• ,-. :iult of'tlio c.nvla-
tion,^ -., far ii.a.l,. Is p, oiv,. s.a,„. l,i,lira!i,„i ,>f tii, ap,.r..Ni.,iat<. li„o w)iirl,
may .... raKo,, a^ -paratini. tho Ka^l..,-,, 1.,!. f,,.>n M,, • W.m.t-, f ipn.vn.liiM:
Belt.
Axis
"I' iiii; K'.i iv\ MniMuv tii;i.>v\i i.pNAi..
It t „■ 1..ro^i:.„„f. cMnvla.i.Mis ..f tlir l„n„ati..iis i,. t lo Kortv-niiah Punill,.;
sectto,, 1... ,p,.t,t,c.l, H -,...,„. ,>,-sil,l,. ,„ ,i,.„.n,mu.. in a v.-ry potu.ral wnv. th-
thick.. .-s and oxpiit ,,f the l:,.,.^v„c•linal xvhi,-h na- a..p-n.nuh,tr,l .luritip tU-
time .lap, uiK hrtw,..,, th,. ,h.p..sitinn ..f tl M.., !„.,>, of tho li.-lt f-nni.. a.i.l
th3 ,h.p.sn,.,„ .,f tho Tpp,.,. Canihrian ;,.nHati..n^. Siur.- tho.o ohW rook^
whern ..owL.^d „, the h,a,t ..f th, ., o-y„.-li,„.. vi^al or -urpnss in thirknes.
he waole „f later 1 al,w.oi<. f„rn,a,i..n- i„ ,h,. - area, the rleliM,itath,n of
the pre-I pper f amhr.an -...iin.ent. ..tr..,-tiv,.ly l,„a..- t),e main axi. of thn
Kocky .Mountain jioosyiii'liiio. ( Fitrun. !_', pa^c l'Ou'. '
NeHh... to -ay. th,- tiehl .vidrn,-,. 1- far t„„ i„..„„„.|, „• to permit of anv-
thmff hke an aeeuratc piniuv of the aiH^h-nt ,h.u-„-ua,p ,„• of it. ,e,)imentarv
trlhnp. Nevertheh.-., tl,e material, are ahva.lv L, hand to warrant a =uh-
stantm! oorrobonitio.. of the vievv of J. I). Dana. (!. M. Pnwson, and others,
that the l...,.ky Moni..an, -y.t.m ha- h. ,n huilt np throupl, the npturnii,.' of
a vast srosyneiinal l..n- wh,,,.. main axi- lay to tlie ea-tward of an Arehea.-
protaxi- in the ( ■..rdlllora : ami. secndl.v. ;hat th. L-ee-ynelinal axi. lav paralNd
to the uei irnl axi- of t)ie pre-ent Cordilh-ru.
In th,. e.u.t..rn ,.art of the Selkirk r.-,u,. at tl>,. Forty-ninth Parallel the
TcZT' "1, tl>e confonnahl.. pr.-rpp.r Camhri.m l,ed<. exclndinff th-
6,000 le.t of Inne voh-an,,.* i- ahont I'ti.n.Mi f,., f. Th,- ,-hara,.|er of the«e sedi-
ments-how that their nuiteripl vn., in iai-^, st ,.ari d,.riv...l from the rapidiv
eroded mnds lyin^ to the «e.tvvar,l. Th,- ,.1,1 -le.r.dine. o' rather z,me .>
shore-lines, was proKnhly lo,-ated not far fr,.m th, ,.ro.-in,. ,,■ tlie roltinibii
river at the International Boundary. A- xet tl.e only otlu-r .-ohunnar .eetion
of the-.- ramhnan-B..lt ro.-k. uhieh in ■l,ale< their ba-,.. ha- biv„ con^truete.'.
from outcrop- observ,,) in the Belt mountain^ :r,0 miU- t,. the .^a^tward. wher,.
the whole thiekm.s. i, U'.OW. f.et. Xo, far ,„ th,. ,.a.twar,! of this section
^".1 "V.-,".',' '''"",'^.f'"' 'I"P'-iti..u. ,>f the Belt. l...w,.r Cambrian, and .»om.^
of the .Mubd,. rand.na,. 1„.,1-: ,l„rint;' the MhMI.. Cambrian much of thi-
eastern lan.l area wa- it-lf f.„ns5fre.^se,l by a wbh- -hallow ^,a. Between th.-
Belt M.nntam,- section and the S,.lkirk (B,.nn,iary. .e,.ti,,n. a preat thi.'k-
ness ..* Bc!t-f'ambrian b.-.ls. e.in-i,l,.r,.d.ly |.x,.,.llin:j L'O.fMW f.et. wa? huM .b.'.v
in api):i--<!!tly perfc't .•.uifinnity .
.^mmx^^
/.•/ /•'//,•/ I,/ //// I iiirr 1 w/
■ '•ni;
rES&IONAL PAPER No. 25a
Th.'
ii
i-rvntii'ii
M.C
T'lf- lii'liof tluit tli(
.1 tl
(' i;c — S\ llrll!
I.,. tl
hole leriKtli ot IJriti^li t oluiiibiii to tli.' Sixtiofh VniMllfl nf latitmlo. Tl.e .-tii.iy
!iii|.r.
1- 1 nil with 'ii'i'ii-i. ii
■ 1 Untisii (
-ccutinf.' til
i'«(l- ..t til,-
•Jl- liiiv.- liicii v.pl;!. ,.,1 |,y l.atli..litli
1- liiiiiilr. c|-
lii.w. MT. with thi- .lit!li-'i!t:
-i|ii:iri liiili-- t.^L'i'l
■-.vii'luiiil :irr
iti.T I.
:lit
■v ,v..iiiiuir
"luri', 111 iiu'ii.x |i
iiitni-mii- ,,ii ;i iriL'niith
till' H(It-Ciiriil.i
rk>
nil laiii(.r|il
'I ''> ■•ni-iiiiiL; aiiil Iv tin
<r..-..|. iliiy li.
relatli'ii ol' ihr Im.I-i i- \i rv ,,!,.
i.-t.-n tliat thf tl-
111' ii.itiiri- iuiii
II ( arh iin
TO, thf lM,T,ti.,ii ,,!' til,, liin ,,f tli(. ffio-.vjirliiial
il' th.' \..\\.,
iijiliroxniial'
tiiik'S ill
K«'OS.viii-lii
ii^iiliidi'
1^. \..
iitiii,- iiiM-tiiiiil !"ii limy show that
" I oii<i,ii Tr.l ii- only
■rr.'i-^ a- ;rriMt a- til't\
II iiiaili' in
th.-o ],
I'-at h'li.-.
tioii and i--.\t'iit mi' tl,i- Im-o il
:riiit that tlio ninii
-t tilr
iilerril
1 loiirlu-iuii^ ii-carilitii;- ilir icsi-
■wn-warp anil ot' i'- >r-.iiim'iit;.r,\ tilling; an I'uii-
13 iipptoxiiiiatfly ("..riYi't.
At t!io ('aiia.liaii Paciti.'. raiUva.v sei'tii.ii Daw^.n hini-rlf plaor.l tl
rim i.f the ::co*yii.-liiinl «irhin tin
11 \Vi -tlTIl
i-.Vstom.
aroa orpuiilo 1 l.y tin- pri-imt ('..hmihiii
II the I'arliei- -i-riis of licpositJ a^^ifrncil to tho Can
lOver evidence of a more or le-s conti
iPnaii. \vr ijis-
position i.f till' (I. ill]
■; land area oecupvuig
the
laiifro- and tlii ir niTtliern rcprc.'cntat
iw - Mini a
licii''d
fan nil K-^ win- here
in a general nortlnve.-terly direction. Tin- Anh.
uiiilergoiiifj iloiniilatioii. and it is along this axis that tliry an- -till rhiitly
exposed, for althciinh they may at nion- than om- time 1
entirely liiiri<-l hi-matl
the surf;
•iiiniilatin^' -trata. thev h:
lave lieen
•e a-jaiii Ij;
lave t'ceti iToutrlit t
y -lie dinp nplifts and renewi^d iliniidation. W,
tiiiil heie, in ■■tTr-o!. m .\i-.>lieaii axi- or ^Taiiliidine that eon<titute.s I
briieve. the k. y t.. ih.' strui'ture of this
To the east
entire reirimi of the Cordillera.
>f it lie- t!ie I.araniide treosym-Hne fwitli the eon
eeptioii
whicii Dana ha- familiarized ns), on the wv-i aiiodier and wider ;.'
eliiie, to whieh more detailed allusion will be made later.
of
■ Conjil
njilomerate- in the Eo\\ liiver s,
east .side uf tlii> ,,ld land, hut tl
rie- iinlii-ati' sia niar;;i!
\iseonlitI
far b
le.-e are ii^t a iiiaikid feature
I, .11- ruri-u-pnniliiifr -ems on it- \\< -icr
ji'i-n ili-i-civi
rnl only
Fi,-il- Inr
the prevalrn.-
the Ni-eu:ilitl
m the upper part .-f tl
if ■arhoiiai-eous and eah
MlU- tilVrr -iTl
but
II appiars fu indieate the al.'indanf iiri--et!
an Tills iii-iiT.iI ( p.irli'-:i'arly in
some kind at this time.
■ Allhouiih no evidence has been foniid of anv
Co ol (irLrani-ni
the eonditioiis indieated by the
ireat piiy.-n
ippcr h i!f of tlie Canibr
ifferent from those of the lower. Voleanic- material-, d
lie to loij
tions. wi-re ai'eiumilated in sreat
.\rehiaii axi- to the west, while on the ea-t
mass 111 til" rif-'ion borderinir
mat. -rial- o
itii rho i>ri-pond
erant ^liorr
f tills ki
•f that =;
lan are very
eru])-
11 the
nd appear
•!. i the
188
i>i.i-\t;nii.\i i,r nil i\i
I mm.'
2 GEORGE V A. 9 .
.W,nl.,,,i .,,,!.,, ,.,,.,.,•-, i,.,U i,„„, ,„„i,i f,|„. ...,„n,IK
II.. » ;i|.i«Mr, III ilir ,M.r,-ri, pan ..f tin " niii. iir-
iiiii.-i-.ne. in.li.-MtiiiK- nuiri Iri,,,
ir;i:iii.|.- r inir.' tlii-v nrr diii'llv
:iny liiiiil
'I'"-"!"" •!' ii-i.l.raM.- .li-taiMv Ir...,,
1111-
aii"
nil '
th.
Mi-Fv.iy lijH ,|,.-rrilM-,| tfic l{,,w Ulv..i- .,.;
: t- r; ,,.::';• 'ir •'' ""'•,''-^: "■■ -i-"^' si, a„ ,Ar,.i,::
r :,i„ .i:;: ,: ;,::"tr' • ;'":'"^ ■ t"'^'' '•''^'"■■" •"•-'■"
. r.-,,i,.,,,n,.a .o,i-u, ,„,, „,„,„, „,.. ,,.^^„.. ,,.„::;;:,':„•-;
'■1 III' lii'.'k.v Mouiiiuin liTiiri.+ Amiin tli.wni ( ..]\ i, ,. i- .r •,
: :;; : -'^f '"-"f -"■ >- -- .i. >!;;;.r ;,." t' ; ;; ;: "';:,.;;^^'^v
I .rtl, .atin,,!,. ,„ ,W „.,,t,,„d „,• ,|„. ,,.,.,,..1,. II.uv far .„ ,l„. u - v i H , f 'l .
arsni,. rn-r ,t .iiouM l„. „la,v,l i, i, ,„.. I,,,,.,,.,;,,,,, ,„ .„„. ,;'',,.,;
not. Ml, ,1V than titty mile-. ' "^ '"'
Ui-(ViiiH.|| f,.,;,„l til,. Row Riv..|-Cas-I,. M ,„;„ , k-, „„ ,1„. „.,.t -i,|,.
;, ''-'"^ '■',;■' '■•■.^; '^''I'li" .-.K'ks rrtVrr,.,! t„ .1,,. Aivjaan „„ tlir w.-t -iM,-
;lit::;;i,,,!!:;;,;:i:;;:::tT:::::/t-,;::-';;.-
9L^r,,,^;:;,,':;;;;,i::;^;l::-.,fL:'ki;::;:v;;-:::-:;;-:::™';
fp;n:'n -;:,-?':tr:l, -:;l.t- :;,,»:;'«:: !;:!;';*,,,,S^
I- .'• nm of tlio ..•..,.y,„.||,„. I,,.,. ,,, ,,„„ ,„. „„. ,.^,,.|,i,^^, ^.^.^ ^^ nii|.n,l,al„.
111., enorniou- I,.|,.th a,i,l -ii,.„|a,. .„-aid,„u..s of tho l{„,'.kv AfoMnfiir
""... ■■.■k-':.l;':!:,i:::, ::: ;;::"r:':: ;^:: ™;,:-',';;: ;f-f.«i'
«r:„i";;:r'„;':; "'"--' '•-", .N.---i..::v;ir;„:s
"lift , .'i '; " '"'"■"■"' '' ■•' .".'"■ <■■"'•' -II iii'i.
:.::^:::;:i::t- i;;^'J-j;:;i,-:;; "•t:;::l::r ;'r::7-;" :::;:r-;^
;fi M l)a»-„,,, Itull (;«,!. S,„.. Ainw,,,,. Vol. U'. 19„I „ s^
♦Rr\rr ";','".'■ •-"''.'• • '"•• "f Can.. ISTO-SO. Part Up ins
Jk , -^l,'/, '-;""•■' v^'"'- '^V"'* *^""'- «""■• Canada. V.V T.' Wl Pt C
.afewii^ii^
AT /'■-/,■/
■SESSIONAL PAPtR No. 25a
'' ' /// ' II 1 1 t \-~ 1 1.'. I \ I, III I;
lee
til'- |.i. -lit li
<'■ ' r ■•■■! t.i.'t Im-hv. . 11 th,. Ai
il-.'ll rh.' ,1,1 ,|„.r, li
''■iii-''l th. \( I itir I., 1m
'•'> >'■■' iii"i-<- tJMii tu,. ..|- tliri'
tr.'iii-l..
nn .iM.l til. I, It
A .Ml-.Tul -tii.ly ..I th,
I' 1,11. r t.Tr.iii.- 1- II, if
i-.'P ri- .'It.
■»' thill. Ill :;,,|
I'IMl. II,. /,,1,|, ,,|' ,|l.il-,,.l
ii,i-. li,,«.,v.-r.
ill'- i,r..h.ililv
'!■'' "' ll'i''-- I" th., -,,:ltllW, -lUlll-.l .,t'
■ r,,iii It 1, ■!,(. i;.i
'i-tli hitilii.l., t,, III,,
run ,,| th
M.i.i.t.iiii Ir, 1
II U. Il.'l i.- .-,,1111,
liii.- .,f ,|i.i,
I i-tv.v.-ii ill,, -n
■-> ii'-hiii' r.,11 i..:ith:.\ |,.iriil
"•!'• I' I- II i|ii.-ti..u u-,,itli\ ,.1'
I" ■"'-' ll.il'th l,llil;l,|, th,, u,-|.
■ f ih,
|.n -.111 i;
, h.ll l,.,l \\,,|ii
th.- ir, 11. 'h nil, I tl
ll'l' tl . -t.lhli-hlll wl
■■iii;.,ii.,ii \..h,,ili.,|- ih.
II- ,' t' -'i.,r. -liii, -. W;
II r., it i, I
I- l,r.Mll-|. ,,t tl
At th. I'
't' the |iriv|ii.j(iiii, ,|,„| ,1,,. u,.,,|^,.,. y,„.\i^ ,,(■ tl
litra-t ..t riL'|,|it\
1|, Kl''>-Vll-
/,,ii. .,|
''■"■"''"'' I'.M.lll'l 'hi- tl- h i- .11 l.il-l jIHI ,|,i|,„ |',,,„, il
Kll.l
l'"i' -i;!",-: It i- |„ ..ihl,. thill till
l.'ll.l' .|H|ll't/ll.,, I iiii,,|
-i"'''i.inv thi.-k iiii.i ,-ii,i.|
( I'l'-t.,!!
II Mil: till- II
"\ III,
th.' inii.-l
I' ■■ ..r .li-h
i"i"'l 111 '111' -iiiiK' ".IV II- till- |.ri.-I!..l|iini r.i.k-
iti.ill III ih., VM,-1.
I II. ■Ill- till- ;;r.
nil-.. Mi.-- th.- .li
lll.i .-t' th. < , ll,l,,l
Mi':;i,|i.-.- .,|
III ri \ I-I-.
f i-.„-k
'I liir ti..i-tli .,f tin- SiMiith I'liiMll..] Ih,. CiiMl,- .\|,
!i-iip|'i-iirs uii.l,-r iii.-u-.i- t',.riiiiiti.,|i- nn.l. n- mi, i|
irii.-.-.| iiii-ii
r ii.-rth\i, .luiinl.
-ii'.ii- liii.. /.
iiiitiiiii-ll,,u- i;i\i,r .'r.iii
.;.-•■•> II, nil, ,;ll|l|.,t
wU. r t M- (
111 V, I-,- I
■iitl.x- III
I iili.viiii:- iiiii|, I |-"i:.,||.,, ij I ,)
:iiiii.|iiiii -i.li hi.- tl
• 1 VvV>r I'l.h,,/.,;
-''■ni i-,iii .,| ih. ^.■,,.\ii.|i,i,. 1,1
'1'- l-,riiiiil i,.ii- u 1
"■'■^- '"'■';"' "~ 'li '■■•^'■O 111 All.Tti iin.l I.,,, I,,., ,„,,,(,. |„ ,1,
I :ii.|.,il--
i;...-ky .\!,
iiiarh'-'i iihii.,-t u|i,.ll
"■ I :i-,'i-ii riiM .,t' ih,- |i,,!t-( ■.iiiih.
nil |i,,rti.,ii ..t th,
"litiill, ;;,-u-y,i,-li,„. ,, ,-k,.|,.l„.,i i,, i,v,i. .ih,-, i.-al ly. |,, ,„„;,;
\- ..11 11. -iil,|i..-ili.,|, thiit tl
wi.iih ..I' till
•vmai,.- fi.ii-ly i-,,|,-M,„ t,..,,,, ,l„. |--.,,,y.„i,„|, l',,,-|,n,.| ,„„-il,ui„-,| fl
c.ii-tiiii.-y 111 th.- Iliii..l.,i;i,.iil ,-hi,rii,-t, r mid the jrrciit t..t;,l il:
11- ii..t,ii,,
iiiii:il i'.-.l- whn-i- -tii.lii-,1 ill tl
ni'ss of tlii'K(-osyi
t.,ry. l.-ii.l-
wi.itl
u- !ii..iiiitiiiii l.,-lt li-,.|i, .\!,,iit;nia t., Viiliiiii '1
■ ill- I,, till- -ii|i|i..-iti.
1 t,. >;l'- :;ii' n,,rth Iniitii,!,, i^
11. I lint th.- u.-.-yiii-linal h.,M..^ it^
■v.-ry .,(■ ( a-tli- M.,iiiiiiiiii ,|.,l,,||ilr,., ami 1
n-iiiloroil iiliii.,-t ,-,-i-iain hy .M.-( ",,iiii,-ir^ ,\\,.
ity mill-- h,.',,u I-'
.|-i >iiii|,-, II
llll,-~t,,|l,„ ,,|, tin- .\lll,-li
ii/ii- rivi-r.
III horinys iiuiilu hv J!
ui-r. .-ii,-,,i
ITliy. iJT.ililtl.- nil
"■"II v.iii ilaiiiiiiii-ti-iii at th,. Athahn-k
iMl'-iv.l nt th.- ,l,,|,th ,,1' 1.
:iiii--i.- i-,„-K-. |,i-,,|,.,|,h\- |-,.i-,,,al,
1 vui'i- iiiMr
Inn. -t, .11.-. 'rii,, |!,.lt.( ■ami.
Mill t.- 1. tl
-\.:-|y!i,-j I-,
rk- -.1-111 th
t.. th.- .\i-
h.-iiii.- It,,
ulii-i-.- t I, -II- nh-i-ii
-<■ I- |i,.--il.ly iliii- I,
iiiiu at fhi- |.,.iiit.
!|.,l,-.||,li,,-ltl.,l!.
iitlnvar,| l'i-,,iii ihi, Iiit,,|-|,i,r i,,i,i,l |i,,,ii,.l|,,,v t|,,. :,:. ,,-vn.-l
'.th ^i-i-ati-r i-.iiitiil.ii, .-. I.
I'll- ,-nii 1,1
(■ 1- ,rA!.
nil. I tl
111- -<l-l,--,
Ik.- till- >Miiiiiiii -irii- .,f th.- ,., nth. 1-11 S.-lkii-k-. the
.1. -.-rii,,,! hv >
111. I tl ,- , .jMivali-iit 1...!,
--I-. ( iiikii,-. I!
-tll.lil-.l h\- |.i|,.|n
111-, ,11;.-. an
.\ln.-i),
■ti'ili- fnrth.-i- -,,-iih
h". i< ^t-(;,, 111,1-11, \,
iii.ip.
l,'.,l,.,|t u
I .111.1,1.1. \',ji. I, i->-..;i, I'l. I
', \>. •'•I .111, 1
JOO
hrr\i.iMi \i ,,i nil ,^i, ,.;,,/,
. , , , 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
-" tl„. Forti.Ml, l'„r|i,| ,., ' "•'■'" r-:" "''m i' ^ I -l,wv-liM,-. l,.,.,u,>,l
ir:;!,,!:;;;™,- [;::',;':;::;; •""^'" ■;■ »'-";" --iL: ::.:;, r^s;:
notrw.T'i.v t int ^1.,.. t- ,,f ,.,„ , " ■''■"■■' '""^ ' ■<
oo.n,r in ,1,,. ,mL UhI:^ '"'■""'' '"^'^' ''••-- " ">'■ <^'-" T..v„.
Ill :ill of tlifce stiili.lpid s,.,-ti,,ns ,.( tl,. i-, . d •
tioM- now nn, tl,ro...|, ,1 , < '< '^'-VtuU uM ^u>'■, tlu,f „f tl„ ,„:,„y ,oc-
pnrt. „f ,i„. ,.„,.; .; '/ i, '';;''';r;-' ---''■■•n, -,.,■„•,.,. h„.i,„i,. ,i„r,.„„t
p. III.
:<'p- <it. p. 13.
-I. II, \\.,k~. UnU. (,,.„!, >,„ . Ani.Tita. V,,l. IS, i-ifi:, p ,n, '
,jMm
HI ruin ,,i nil. i mi t .i.-ii;
'I i:
A'i\ fill' fri .\ IH llli
SESSIONAL PAPtR \o. 25*
I!"" I h i';irlli' r ■' :A'u\\
• li'clari', fvi-u ill iKd lcnt.it, vi- vv.iy lirM niKi-
'•lini- lis jii^l i,iitliiic>l. Till ri' in ftliiiiK I'
< 'hilur -<>ri.- ..f An/niiu u tli th.' !..«, r \>Mt ..( tin- 11. !; < .mu.ri.iii ur.
iliiit M)utlnTii ivui .ii |!ii. iii-ii.rv i.t' fl
■J"\
•> t-
. I,...l
i \'l-ht • i tin- (iin.vll-
■ ril liltl"!!
.1 the
■ It in
111- «io-vii. Inn- >v,i« I'Miiii'ii'Ht*'!! l,v lu'i..'. hie
• iptiiriiiny, M-.^i-.i, .mI -i,1 .l.i,.|ir,., ,,11 ..f th.-r ,,ir.'.-tihw il-r -tniiu ..l.|. r tlian
ilio Mi. Idle Caiiiliiiini !'..|il.i -1111. Ut. .11.'. Jiisf lM.f..n. !'..• l.i tiiiir, tli.r. |..r...
'tie ne...s,viicliiinl .-f.liiii. iilai:..ii <. run t.. Imv.. i.,-.n. i'..r a .-. vIumi |.ri. .1. l,.i-. ly
or wilolly iiitrrnipt.d in til.. l:i(i'ii,|,. ,.(■ ii..rt!i.M-n Ariz t H;iriiiv tl .rln r
pcrioil we iiiu-t l.i.li,.\,., ,,ii t,!ii. Ii>i.ui|i,.-i- til,' rh.. ( hi.ir -. ri. - .>ii.| H. 't
tirruii(>» iiri', nf li>n'<t in purt, !-triilii.'riiplii<' ciiiivMl.iits t'mt tli.' tr...-.vi,..liiuil
.xt.'n.|...l -till I'iii-ihrr -..i.tliu,ii-.l. p. limp. I., \|,M,.,,
Ill -.iitliui-i.i-i C..!..™.!... Cr..., ,111. 1 hi- ,-,.|l, .luir- .,> ill., rnii..! Mjt. -
fi«'(il..)ti(Ml Siirvrv liinr ,l|.,,,v,T.'<l 11 r. iiii\rk,ili|,. -.rir- ■■( -,-i\..'i- in ■ Alt'-i.-
•iiun ' rni'ls. ni'.-.tifnniiiil.i'. iin.liTl.vint; \\u- .i|.p:,i-.iii|> Mi, Ml, ( 'jiiil.ri.ni
Iiriiaci., ,piiirt/ii.. ,,f th,. ri.;;i..n. A- ii.'W iiii.l, i-.i I, ili,- ,,i.|, ,■ r...'K -.ri,- i-
siistf* of 111 l.'iist S,(i<H) tVft .,f i.\,-,pli..|ninv iii,i.-i\, .|U.iit/ii,. u nil iii-tiillitl.. int, r-
M* itli.. «li..li. nillcl the I'lic.iiipiiliui-r l'..MM.,ti..ii 1. (■..i,l,.rnial.l.v ..v.il^in;; llii-
^'"II*-"''' iKl..|ii,.|Mtr, 1,(WH) fri'l ilii , \vlii,-li In Imn i.-(- ,.ii ili, lr\ii.- ;:r.-.-i;-
.-toiii', l,i.|i,"v,.,| I., Ik- uvor lil.iKHl iVct tliirk. Tli.. r.i.ii..n ..T ih,- ijiv,i,-t,.ii.. iinil
loiitrl'iiiiiT.it. arc oli-ciir.' hut an uiicoiifonnity i-i ii,,stiiliit<>i| l,y n,,. authors uf tho
rcp..r;. ,,n :lii. .V, ell,- M.ii.iitnins .li-iii.-I. 'I'll,. ,\i.l,nr,. l'.,r tlii- iin.',.n)'..nnity
lnr«v!y .-. .1,-1-1, ill iho f.ii-t thai tlw tMMul.iMirratx' i- ....mp,.-,..! ,,f |,.•l,l,l.•^
<l«Tiv.-,I ;r..m the t'rc.nstoiip. \i-itlior tliat fai-l ii,ir nny ''hit ..;' tli..-<. in f.ivi.iir
ot till' nn.oiifi.rii ity's oxistc-nrc ran ho vi'i.'aril, ,1 a- -i,,,, niir ii iin .\t p,ri...| ,,f
lime 11, flap.<inur hclwix-u tlic ctTu-icii ,,f' tlit' lavas ti..\v n|.n -. inr.l in tin- Irv-nu'
-rrcM-toiic. imr ilo tho aut'ior-f of tho Noo.jl,. .M..iintai;i- f.li.. -lat,. that iho-o
ha^ lio,n any (•(iii-iiiorahic tiin.-pap ni tlii- li. ri/on.
'I'lip iiiip..rlanci' of tho .-orios in tho prc-ont ,-..niir.'f i..n i- th.ii ii -o. m- • .
eorri'spond woll with tho ba-.ilt nionihor-i of tho H.lt torraiio ai ropresentod
in the SiiHiniit -.tIos ,,f tho Solkii-k i.,i..nniaiii-. I'li.. Irvlrrj- ^non-t ■ j,
oortalnly lithol.,-i..ally vory -iiniiar t.i tli.' Iron., v.iloaiii.-- of t!i.. IJ.i ir iary
>ocfi,in, and it hi ars tho samo i-,.hili..n |., tho I'rio-t Uiv. r torraii.' a- tn.- .'rvinu'
Kr(-on-l..iio loar-i to t'lo Aivlioaii -.hi-ls of < '..lora.h.. •■ pi that tho , ,|iiiv a'.nt
"f the Iroiio ooii^l.iinorato i- not iliro.-tly app.iroiit in ih.- ( ■..i..ra.lo -..■tj,.M,
Tho Vallo.-ito o,,ncr!o- ., rato an.l I' inpahirro r..riiial i..ii ni.il.-h w.ll ,■ ith th.-
^^ollk f,.riiiati..ii, I a< with tho L.wor i.,,rt of ih.- ma — i\o ('r.-t..n quart-
^it<' of tho I'linoll ....if;<>. Tho iino-tioii ari- - a- t.. o.-tli, r wo hav,- in rhl-
Tolnia.!.. -loti.ii, tho s.intlioni part of th. ltiiI H,-lt i< rrano ir.o-\nolinal ,,n,!,
in faot. tho ha-o of it iioar it- tiii-ko-t -o.'tioii. TIi, r.laii.n .■! tli,. rn.-,.n;-
palipro f,.riiiati..n t., tho Alidljo Cainh-iaii fi;na,-!.. ,|Mar(/iio i- lik,. tliat •■( rho
Chunr-rnk-ir -. rio-" t.. th- Middh- Canihrian T..nr.i -a i.l.t..no of tli,- Craiol
Cany.iu -ool!.. - T!io o,irro!,ition ..f all ..f tli.-o with tl. nf. rn al.j.. -.ri,- .t
• W, Cr» '. t). Ilanc. .1 n. It
t Ik , IM.^iL ami VT. i;
l: Hi
and W, ir. Faiiriirr' :ii tl;,. Np.dl., M
111 r. r. I!
,l!l-f,.H*.
>ti,. -:.l>ertiai f'^l ■■, ''
t
■I
aorf
'" '••'■' I" w •'/ ;/// n n l.-i,.i;
2 GEORGF. V. A. '912
V)
Vi
i
^-^J
\
Be
U; 1
i /
^. .AW
>.^,i
\.^
S/^Sk
W^n
SH.
' MQTT
f ■ ''-
I >..
.'OA
^M
~ --a
-"t-
Wyo
V_./...\ /-!^^EV^. JTAH
r C/it..^
^f< ^°^
■\f5- A R 1 2 ;
N M
< .il,)l.|i.,i, |..en.,tl,.-.,.l,, „„.,., """■"■ '■""••I < ..Inl.riMl,, ,,,„l l.,„..,. .Mi,|,|i..
«r. ^^'J^A!
/,•/ /■/./,■/ ,,t I III
' II n I 1 -I i,-i,\i,\ii r
\i03
SESSIONAL f'APtH No. 2^d
ffif I'M;. Jilnlli I'liuill. I
pn luii^i.j,, ,|,,i .riii,iri..|, ,,ifr
llln k\ M.MIIllilltl t
llh .III-. II, ih'
"-• '" '!'■ "fit, i'. n, v(, il,;|i ,||, |.,, 1 ,,,,. „.J
■I ■! Hi. iiirifi r [..ii-t .il ill.' ..,iii|„.r,, ..I,. I .1' .1..
tillv .itr..I,.,| I.,, ilii, |.i
'"'"" '""-'I' .il "lull- III.' ff. .,l,r. n.rtli.Tii |. • «,. ,,.., .-..,,,
Iv i li;: '
I'li'- -I .l> (•■nii.ili
•ll"W llulf ill Mill ( .iliil
"""- ■""I ilt'Xl ill till' ' .11,, ill |'Mr,ill
.\ lll.irilil. .Il;,ll,,\v , III ii
mil i:i'"«\ ii.lii, »,,, l...iiii'l< .1 .il
iirM \ I, |u.it- rl. .iri.v
1 till- i;l-t l.\ j ill.l .,r
ill'- I'hi.i nil;
V li'lllll V ..)■ ill,
wii- ,|..ii:,i
li»-iuil|. I :
"ii-i iM' I ii.ii-tii i.r I
t
III' ri.laii ,1 I IM «, .( l,,i,:;jtii.|.. jf
riii, iiMi.ni nil, ,,i il,.- i;,,-\ii.-liii.,I -,.iii, • 1„. t|„
«v-M. ,„ .,1.., .( ,., „M,„.,v,. |,,„| ,„,.. .,,,.,,.i|i„. ,-, , ,,„ ,, ,, ,„„,„,,,„.
•'ilitl .v,ir.l. iH .ilr. HJv .1, .„Tiii.,|,
'■ ;.'"• '""•■"'•• •■•■ ""■ ^""'' • — ..„, I,. ,'„ „i, „■ ,|,„ li,., , .,„il„\
"l"-^'"'"'" ";- •'' ' •■•"■■• ""'■'-• "I III' l.i-iti,,!,. ,,, Hi,. |:,1, , ,,i„. ,,
""■'" ■■'"' '"■'••■ '■ ■ •-•• -i'l'li m -II, r„i...,| Si, .,.,„. ,., 1,;,,,. u.
"'"'" ■■■■ ■ '" ■ ''•'" l''-ii-!i « ..I 1,1,1,,, ,1,1.1 All.. ,1,, III, ui.l-:, ,,,■ ,•„,
'■."'"'"'■;' '""■' "' ""■ -'-.^ii'liii.il i- .1 r. Il, Ml ,Mi|. ,; „, ,|i.. M„k..„/i,.
"''■'' ''"■ ';''"•■'■" ■ '- ^'1'"' --■• "-!•- "i'l'. •\' l-lll . :.U ..t .1,'.« „|,|.|i.,,.
'""•'"" '•• ""■ "'■■-^'■.■llllill ,|„.| ,„ „|| ,1„ .,,.,.,,.1, l,..,,v,.,.„, ,1... :„.,:,,] ,,i,|,|,
-- .M.nwli.r,. .,^..,• .'iMi ,„i|... .,,|,|. .,. „,,„.| ,,i„„„^ j. ,„,,,,,.i,,„,,|i,
iMiiiriiitu,!,. ,ii„il,,r 1,, tliiit .,1,.,, r,,,! i,, il,,, rnif.,! Si,-,i. .. Tl,.,
,. . , , viii'Iiiii. i^ I, .-,11" ,,,il,.,, ;,,,.! ,1,,,,.,, ,,., ,.,,,„,.,, 1,,^
'•li'Wi,:: Hint l|,i- I,,,.., -,,li,„/,„,in ,.ii.,i, u:„ w.r |,, „.„.,. ,.„..,„|,„. „ ,|„.
';'"■'''• "" ■ ^"l*"" T'.rrif.iy ;,„.l ,1 il,. -,„iHi. i,,,,, Arl/ Tl,.. iii i,. i,.. I-
.lln-i,-,,t..- tho t,...t, iiii,,„rt„„t i„ til" tl,.,.rv ..( „ ,ii,i„-l,„i|,|i,„, ,|,„ ,1^,:
■■'"•'" ' ""' "''■ i-v.,-.vi,..|ii„. run fi.illiliilK |.,,|..,||,| i,, tl,.. •.i,..,-,! .,>;, ,,,• ,|„
iu-i.-,iii ( ■..r.!il!,.i-ii,
111" l.in-«-..ii,«- sii,i,ii,„n ,,f ii,;niy r,i..t. ,■,■.■,. i.tly ,|, i.-rmi,,, ,| j,, M, ,,„;,„,,
■'"'' ■, •""' "' '■'"■ l'"">->iMlinnal l: I„n. ,|,„. ..n.- t.. .•,,„li,.„i tl„ ^ ;,.„■ ,,,
l'^"..i. lMu-.,„. Kin... ,1,1,1 „,|i,.r, ,.,.n....nii„. ,|„. ,.,;.„ ( ,|,|,.k -. ,li,i,. nt.rv
'"■'"'• ■■' "'"'■Il '1" iJ'"-i^v M iiiiih- ,,r ( .,,,;i,i., „ i„. r,:i,,,| St,,,.. ,',
wll ,1- th,. rai,^',., „f tl|.. (iri'iit l!,i,iii, .ir,. hiv^vly ,•.„„. ,1. Tl„. ,„...,.,„t ,■,„„.
|.ilati.,i, I- ii,l,.i..l,.,| |,riii..i|,„lly t,. ,.iilor.-i. li„. urit,.,.-, ,.,|, f ,|,,,, ,|„. ( ,,,,,1,,,,
ir....-.Mi..|iiia! aiMl the ri.Ni,.tli i'aralM u....-.M„.|nia! aiv |,„t ,,a,t- ..( tl„ '-am.'
tliii.j.'. Til.. :;n.al • IMt i.-rraii..' ,,|- \Val,.,,„ j, ,•, ,.ai.l-,l 1..,- tli,- wri.,.,- a- ,i.
iiit-.ffral part ,,1' In- iiiilii.i,-,. -,..|iiii,.„|a ry ,,„l|. I„.|,|- ||„. -i iMt lu-ia|.lii.. ..,,ii,\ ,!.
'"• "^' ''"■ '■'"■ l!iv. r-Ca-il,. M ,1,,,,, .,,,,,„ j,, ,i, . ,,,,,.,1, ^,^.| ,,,• ,|_^ ^,^_
f.,r,ll;'l.|.. -.Ti,. '„|,.\v th.. I'l |. Ca,,,!,,.;,,,, ,„ ,1„. W:,,;,,,.l|. |. ,,.,,1^,1 n„] , ,i^,'|.
'li-lri.'t- ,.f III,. C.n-.it Ma-ii,
TiTii: I'M,../,. I. |'..iMi..\ ..i 1,11 l;,„,,, M,.IM^,^ ,,,,,.., ^, ,,,>,
^^' ''•'^'- -'■'■" '''■'' f-niKitii.ii- yuu-ry i|,aii th. M;,MI.. ( .,„,l.,.i,,, ,.,,,„.
I'"-.. l.;it all ii,-i:ji,|li,.aiil Ira.'! ;..|i ,.f tl,.- in. an, la in- ..i-..-. .1 l.v il,.. I i,t..ri,..ii..I, ,;
n,,iii,.larv l.,.t«,.,i, tl,.. (i;, at j'Mii- „,,.! ll„ -,i,„n,it ..!' tl„. S.-lklrk ri.,',.
(ii^'^iv. i;"^!;;;''""' ^"'■'iy'".'i '...t i --("m ).,<!„(; p. i- ,„ k
204
i>i:i-MrrMi:\r
"/' ////■ /\ 1 1 Hlnn
! I., rv
"'1 !■•• liitl.- .loiil.t. I
2 GEORGE v..
•9.5
•v rid tlie i';\n
lilillilllUlM thirkl
!■■»•' UT. l!l;it ||„, |),
liTiaii n„-k~ llirMii^h :ill
'•h tii;it v:(^
limy w. II Irl
o-< fiivcn to thr
(TOMS cnllliiillid
-MeC
''.u-Loiiil
•tint (i. toi
I'ii-iti,.
•X["'-iire-<. f;ivii,^. a ,,,,.,1 ,|
lir.nujh nil I?rfti^li (
iivf tliiit ih,
*■* "iiKiii iiiiil ( 'ail,,, J,
f>r marly nil. of tl
i'>ns -2,()()0
■iiiineii
ilwn.v (
».i-, ,i| tlic
'iilirll f,,|- il
vniiuir.'r f..rirint
'"•if:inal tliickiKss ,,f III,, I)
'"y-iiiiilli i'nrallrl. ,,f tl
1^ iVf-t — is
in-ntiian and
ilinii, liii,.'! >
IC ll.lltll
!<■ saiiif order
■t'l'l loll.
iilioraiKoiis -(rata 011 tlio C
'" ""■ vicinity of liaiitf !„. foiin.i ,
aiKKiuin
""lid. i-fiilly ]„
' ' o|ii|i,l,ia and Viil
if i:.i;()(i f,,,.t. |.
Iho oiitciops Ihroii-ii tlio 1
^ii'oiip ,,f |,„.|<,
l^oii, and on t.
'■"Ill tliaf MM-tioii iiortl
"ll"nt
iward
liat these later I'
i.v to An-t
'lIK- tl;n(
may |jc f,
'V-e are iioul
"Wi'.l: vueh l.reak
'"I'lliern Ala-ka. this
III tho I.
If Water-
itll
'!'■ -'i-iita retain mii("i of tl
i"i''ii'iif. t.. make
11 il' LTi-eat thiekne-
uht
ill thi;
and
-M
i->is-i|vi)iaii
^hy \V. FT. Weed). A
r'.Oon (Vet of Carli
■ell lllonnl;
iccordei
.IJ.-. feet
.f hed^ relVrre,!
11 the t<\t of the r.ittle B,
<o tile 1 1
t Mt. IVarhoni, M
't eolltl'l
'lliltM-oU- lilll.-ti
iitana. Waleott foiinil
'It .\rountaii]- I'ollc
rizoiia. 1
A
II of tl
"Ptweeii tlu> I)r
1' loraiieoiM n.ek., larjivlv 1
I'-ureka d
nioro than
iniostoiio.^ Il
i-li'iet afforils ll.eiMi f(.,.t
III a
Jniisome found about Ifim feet of suei
1 the I!isl.o,> d
le -(ction? al.ov
Mi
(
rand C
'man and (\irhonif,
Il roek.i.f
t'-iiiontinned there -eeni.-^ t.i I.,
istriet of
iii.v..n i.Vii,
.■<'Pt Ilo.-ihl
I'erl'e. 1 eonf.
'rinitv
-i-ipiiian ai,> repre-ented. will
rtl,,n
y 111 pan- r,f ALi-k
'lie -aiiie re;;ion
1'ormafion am] tl
••' ' '■■iinhri.in at
-Mow- iinconferiiiity h, t
ide
'lit 1.(11)0 f,,,,. , r 1 1 ., , ■ 1
" ' ' ' I I '"» "111 111 and
1^ 'III iin.onlMrniiiy hetwe, i, th.
".•en the Mi.Idle ('anil,
le nnderlyiinr Cliuar ?rri,.s. hoth ,>f wl
ionto
'■' '1"' 1:! -k Mill- , f |);,k
ii'l (he .\[i
\\'
i<-i-i-
ithont yo
an. I ill \Vv
l>pian i- very thin, ihonirli it-
ii''li are ooneoivahly
le Ilexonian i-
Ani. ri.-aii -ido of
■•"■'- "f Conlill,
"K into the details of tl
I'.Hin.iary line. th,. writ
oceiirrenee there
IP mi iiy other nieaannvj
to tVirni
L'V si
low t
'I- will state his l.elief that tl
.in orf.-aiiie part of the I
'' v.iiinin and .\|
.'t to the other, tl
osviielinnl H- It. The i;
Aoeky .Mountain (
is-i--ip|,ia,i for
"V.'nnir praetieallv tl
I 'x'osynelinal f
"".iiil iiifj
i-^ -ii-'iiiti.'aiif.
•oetions on the
the
'ination-i
roni one end of
'iriiifr the D
;oeky M
iTian an.l the lielt
L'-ressi.,!! of the
'("V.iiiian th.-ni In the |,
ountain (
!'■ enlire anvi of th.
,a-ii-rn
11.
lernin
Mi
pen,
("osynelinal was
r. pi'.-eli
oinewl
lei hy ih.. F.
lat wider
"""arl
■y..ii.l ih
•-i--ippiaii I
iw.r r
aiii-
:>.'iiifer.iu- trans-
rli.M- 1
cpl'i -elll
nulls of the d.
^nithea.l tini. 1. T;!,. f
r.ss,,,,, ^vas aiiah.-veis p. tl
■t inip.:s-ihl(>, I
'riiier was -o e.Mi.M-i\i
iiif of ih.- MM. I!
I' trans-
Ill- .-a
rly
o draw .veii a r.iiiyh
ir oropenie tli(i
iry this 1 1
map of th
inak.' it
' 'ami. rial
.liti
iirtial an.l
ellmil
n.| irreffi
i.'iilt. if
iir.-a f,r tho
^. n. Walcdtt, SMiitl
liar (Ir.iwnine- of tl
old
A. IT
IKII.', (-;.'..l,.^y of th.. I
'isnnian Mi-c. (^,1|,
■ r. L. 1;
■ ii-eiiie, liish.-e fc^h
iir.'kn Di-ti. t, '\t
r.s. r,',
11-. No. isti'. ums
■IKlLT.lpI, L>0, f
wm
uiii'iinv or I in: ( iiii.r
SESilO\AL PAPER No. 25a
laii'ij \i> la-t iiiid west iluriiiu- lli<
primary iiii].iirhiiicf. 'I'iii. f;ii-t -c
.\.-i iiuSiiMi.i;
Mi-
20-3
IIk.s.-
waqi.
|.(.']io.ls t().,k plu.'p in tl
'M.iii .-r \ii.--i-si|ii,ijii p.ii.
■ri.iiii liial the luMvicsl
Inni'iit.il I'T.
Th." hite I';il(.
r a\l:ll rt'^Mi
ivc l.i'rTi, thus t' tl'lcl t.
i pr. -J'
i'iin-.\ Ivaiiian >
SOlltlli
I'UMtaiii- and tli.' (irral
ipl'ti- tl
I till' an. •lent (■aiiil>rian .]..\vii'
'lc-|iiKiii..n. ii-rrirular a.J it ii,a^
>iir m.K~ivi> pri-iii out of wliic
til.
:a-iii VAWiir^ were later to hv formed. Tli.
ni part i.f the :;eo-.y]M'Iiiial. tliat -.■.■lioiM.l at the Fortirtli I'arali..'.
latitude, for exampl
pic, sIk.ws tlmt the dowii-warpinir )ier5i:ito.l into P.
^ a (liiriiis- till,
.i-nro to oh>cur.
vauiaii time, hut for the iii..st i>art tiie Ka>toni ( ico-ynclinal I!,;i of the Cor.lil-
lera seems t(. have heeii out of water duriiiL: the l'( ni'i-vh aiiian.
Till- records of the e.ist and west tr.iii-.urr--i..ii, ,.r th,
Devonian and Carl ion iforons perh.d- tend, tii.rolnn-. in a m,
the real .-itnath.n of the s(>,lim,,„tary pri-m whi.-h w,,. the r-rniial antee.-drnt
to the biuldinp of the Koeky Mountains of Alaska. Panada, and Montana, as
well as the randies of the (ii-eat liasin. Tlio w.-t, rn limit ,.| th,. pre-l )evonian
memhers of that pri^in is nppmxinnitely the z..ne .>f ^hon lino- whieh has l„-,.n
traced fr-ni southern Califoniia to t!ic Yukon l...undai-y. Thr /one may !..■
considered as inchidinp the rath.'r indofinile line ,.r limit l.pa.at ini;- the Ka-irrn
Geosynr-linal Belt of the Cordillera fr..m tli,. \V,.-t, rn ( M...-yn.-lina] lielt. 'Iliaf
line was, .f eotir-e, neither -traij;hl noi- sm...,tlilv .Mrv..,I. liav- ..f the Cam-
brian -e. auist liave reached well into the wo-^torn lan.l ..n the wo-t an.! wo
have r, dy -een that that Ian. I was exten-ivdy tran.L'iv-<.d in the titno
wlien the Rocky .Muuntain (i.'osynelitial, the essential sedimentary inemhor of
the Eastern Belt, was heinpr completed.* On the other hand, when the cndi-
tions were reversed and the Eastern Belt, after nplaaval. furnished detritus
out of which the peosynelinals of the Western Belt wcr,. cnstnicted there wcp-
deep hays rnnninp: eastward into the land, and on th.- Fortieth Parallel, tho
Eastern Belt was entirely covered hy the sea. In ^y\Xr of all tacs,^ complica-
tions the divi-ion of the Cordillera into the two preat h.lts fends to aid one in
the attempt to understand the true history of the Corlillci-.v north of tic-
Mexican hmmdary. The divi>ion is made at the hchcM of dyniimic -eojosv,
not at that of |)aleo<reoKraphy nor paleontology; in tho-e irroup- of ,-tudie- tic-
supe-t<d divi^^ion and nomenclature would prohahly have little value and
miphi even had t<i .'onfu-ion. Tn a word, the divisi,,;, i- warranted only for
the poL.Mi-t wh,, is hi.nt on I..catin«: peosynclinaK, not -liorcdine-. Th.' full
conception of tlie profound contrast-^ otherwis.- exi-tinj;- hctw.^.n the tw.. hdr^
- not po.sildi, until a revi,-w i- made ..f the dia-ti-ophi,-. i^neou-, .'ind or .-i..n.il
histiry of tiie Wiste-:. .lelt.
I he .liscovpry of Silurian and Devonian sp.linicnt.. in tli,. ■l\,vl,u-vill,. ,|i,tii, i .,f
V,"',' "'•'; "",'' »*-'»"" nf ""*" ''"'"^ '» sontliwpstorn .Maskii sin;K,.',t< that th,- l.tU
Pale.mur Ian,! mass of the \Ve,t,Tii Conlilloran Kelt niav liav,. Imen I,m allv iiit..n not.-.i
hy straits connprtinR the ninriiie aro.i of thp T'" kv Monntniii G.Misvnelin.. « itl, tl,.- .c-.-,
I .\Plflc.
\%
^:;j''.:^-
'^ ryfi^iSRKV' -rtl/J^HiirA'
..jr^-TCWMiKt:^"^*. • -■v,.-?cw;jm::'
2 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER \o 25b
A. 1912
CHAPTER IX.
rURCKIJ, i.AVA roiIAfATloy
AXIi A-
-'" lATKi, iVTiM-sivKS.
INTIMDI ( I IMS.
M
liny of tlic liijiliii- pciik
s.vstuin. as well
to til
e stririfrth of the I'
Mr(;iiii
oinilain
of w. iitheriiifr tljau t.l
iir.-cli L
this 1
p iMiissivo Siveli f
the fuiir raiig.s i.f th.' R.ick.v "^r
rant'.-. ,,«•,■ tlu-ii <,i(..cial hri«-hts
(von iiiurc ro^istant to tho forcojj
.iva, ulm-h i:.
f'ighty iiiihs of the tr
>riiiatiuii i, th.> faithful frieu.l
orination uiulfi-lvii
As al
)OVe ii.itcil
Njvpi-y in the .Nfctiiijiv
iiii.siiK.ntanc scctinn at the l'',,it\
prcsi lice ai
d
I'ny ratme i~
eh f.
i(J relati.itis have rptiioveil th
a tact of t!
't thr ~trati;,'ra|>]irr thro.iuhniit
■iiiiitli Parallel. It- ,lis-
'ii- tirst iiiip,.rtarie
?ll|f|- it-!
niiatioii with tl
mam link in tin
'le mam
a-t (li,iil>t a- tc. the eqiiivaleuee of th.
eastern third ( ir.d mil
<-orrelati(.n of th
G
jroat I'lain
'es) of tl
Tiie 1
vh,.l,
"f tin- Kite!
aple sedinientar,'
>tnieture--eeti
riiei'iiii We li
ek
tion. For
Jin'serit >eet
Pureell fnniiat
ava torniatioii thus de
s ocr'iirrinK m the
the
'•OIlVellleMc
cei'taiii a-
iite.l di
'11 from the Paeifie j,
iMiewhat detailed <le>.
ion. whieh is to deal
Ion proper.
with the stratiirniphy aii.l |Mt
le treatei
ii'i;raph\
•np-
the
the
I'l UfKf.I. I. v\
\ OK THi: M' (.ir.i.iM:
with
The f,
ill tlu
>riiiatioii is displayed with iiiiii>ual perf(
.Met
iillivray raiifjc
■elioii In three different
meridional rid<ri> situated
at the Jioundary li
varying from 4J' to ".(i. It al.-
le nio-t We-terlv i,( tl
areas
al.ouf -ix milcx
.■a-t ,,{ ti
'■III'- at thi> stronpT
The {ireat sheet there
stward, \vl
syiu'liiie at tl
ai- tl
^ ahk river valley
<!ip- ea-t-iiorthi-a<t at aiiirles
:ie ridfre. three to five miles fartl
lere it reapp.'ar- in the ea-tern limh of the l.r..l
westerly. The third
lie Slllllinit of till
■dpe of t
tli(
rea of the lava
:ie drift-eovere.l flat of the Root
He
as mapped i<
ler
11 ami pitehmff
li|i 1- li-om liO t.
-mall
iiorth-
le liorthea-l ai
id repre^i'ii
t- tlr
the hroad anticline tiiat forms tl
iittitiid
tenay river valley. wher<' tl
-itiiateil at the
tie dip 1-
Ic appropriate to th,- .ast.'rn limh of
^<lope of the .McCill
Tli(>se localitie-
formati
division of tl
* Piireell Li
ivray raiiKe.
le main structural element in th
vootenav
were tlio-e at wh
th
■'iiiee It has its I
writer first eiirouiiter >(1 tiie
aiaxmium known thiekn.-- in t'le McCill
mountain -y-tem. the f..rniat
IV ray
ion ha- lieen called thr
One or more of th
mil
fn
>m the western line of
11' important vent- mu-t have heen -itiiated
ontr
rop- in thi- rant;-.
207
Th.
not many
lava si'eins iiever
'?.(:ii
i'i-r\i;i\ii.\i ,,r i ,i/: i.\ii:';/n/.-
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
........ »l.o Kit.-iH.n,./.;,;. ,';:'■':;'"''''''' "•""•••^'"•-O) r..M. <)i,v,.,iv
'■....• prr.(iv H.mHv ,|,.a th r , M''<-.l vniy ranff,.. s,.,,„s tr, in.li-
;r/:r:i:',-.^; ir^-'ir-
"f Ion, ,l,n.nti.,n. Tl. 1, , ,n ! ! ^ ^ ;;'" V'"'^ '"~'^"1 "'"^ "■'•^" ""^
l".tl. a'i„v,. aiHl l,..l„u- ,1„. l,v., , . , ''"'""""■'' ..'." i..Hnrs..iilit,..
^..nni,. „f .,,.., .;,;:,.,',:■;, ::;; ; ;;, -;;^:. ';::-;•■;; ;;■■;• ^"e .-f,...t con-
pl«.e<.n the soa-flonr. ^^ ^^' ''"" ^' .•"I"."'- to„k
One of the Ix-t ..vtions of ,!„■ f„miati„„ ,,- ,.m„.,„i :„ .,„. \I r-ll-
breooiat.d lava (/,„„e a) lies .lirooftv on tl„. Ki >^ ' , '' "^ '"""'"'■
ever, that tl.e apparently fra-nient-il n,.,^ ■ '"" .•"- "P'^ I'.'— l^-wn. how
part l.v an altore, ol-, 'l " , ' ' l-rph.vnl,. are cement..,! in
some ..f the m„d in its pr,f.r,... <!' < repitate.l. incorporatinff
The zone of oveni,i(l<.n hi. ck lava is ..uerel l,v , „.„ ( , ^ < i
of nompact. .li.htl. ve-i..ular lava of .innl nX.i i n ,1 "r., T";
like that of or,linary l.a.ah. Thi. .one aho l„.lon... o ' e .hi 1 1 T > '"
(zone a. * nia.Tosroi.i,. ).)i<.no,.ryct.
g;/i;s ;viu;;;,;n:,;:;;;: :j:4h^;l;^
These are n.nally l,..f„-, en o.," „nn. and 0.^ „nn. i„ length O. .,V ,- f
n.agnet,te represent ,!„. „„!, other primnrv .^..n.itnen; nl-ZJi^!:: or'.;;!
'mrm'^^m...
l''it|.l,VriCM- [.ha... ,,t ||„. Pi
ill l.a\.i : tr.irn -i
I' I f..Nith- iiatui.i
It "1 th.- M.-Cill,
inilc- L.Trtr, i»
2ria - V. il. ii 1 1, Li(i,s.
II tl,c
|.Mrt
I'lnwll ].:n
y ueMtliiifil
'liirjiiu' rhi' \\
I. I hi' al
Till-
.ut i.f it-
atlii Mill.'
iivt'iliili', till. I, I,
I'l.-kv iiialnx.
ftliilaia. Al
ill liiriii and
A I .art (.1 II.
lilt. ,11.- half-
it lillkll. .\1 11
.ililtal -IZ...
mm^.
/.•//■',/,■, ,,r Tin , ,1,1 r i. v //.■., \„i//. a-
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 35.
209
bv n. li ,11 n^ .1 1 -■ I Hill.* j-ntii rn.niir. It IS co |^|lH■lll)U-
(I'll: ; . t;:: ''''"'""■'^: »■"""' '"■" *'f '» "'"""i">t ^.i^par ,^j,.r..u
wo nilThnVfr "■"".'■;' "r ;"'" '" ♦'"■"'^ •^"■tl.m.tr.s in length l,v o„,. „',
.ec.n,i.,.. f,iu of ..iciti,. ,.^, ..:t"i,:,..,;;„- i" :,.™;ih; "'^;;:::
t.;"i ; I'TmrrtL:::.;' ;'"i "■•■'? t- ^-'-^ -^''- -^ '""-^i.
same ,oln„vln c f'Tuntin,, „f „„,,.h ,.l,l„rito. nm.-h lonoox,.,,,.. „n.l th-
same ,olo Ho> ,n ..aloKncu.h ,Mi..a,-,.,.„., „,i„„r„; f„,„„, ,•„ „„. ,„,,„., , ,, ,.
.l"'j///.v!i, 0/ PnrreU Liva rZow r.i
SiO.. ..
T-^ . . . ■ ' ■ '
Ai,0,.. ..
I'pO,.. .
IVO.. ..
MnO.. ..
Mko v.. .
<'aO.. ..
N'.iO.. .
K.6.. ..
II.O !,t 110%'..
H-U ,il)ovp no°c
CO " ..
i\6,
Til.
41-50
3-33
1:09
3-31
1008
tra.:i>,
^2•^•
:>M
0-22
0-21
6-99
Uf ni .
10«
•36
.92
sp.t. „r ,ho v..n- .,vnt .,r,..„r..,. h„u-,.v,.,.. rlu- , k is pretty ,.|early a ij;' it
wuh MsO 12o7 per cen<-.
:.'."m -v.. I. ii — 14
ptT r..nt; a thira gave 1-01 p^i rent.
B^^^n
210
/" /■ I/.'/ I/A, \ / f;/
//'.' /\ // ::iui;
I'll., n.rk .,t- /..,.e ,/ ,i,-.0 f,.,.t thi.-k
■i \uU-a'\
I -li
■rite, l.iit liSMully it ij a l)lackig|
•L'untiK imnieroiis iiiii^vpdnlos of nil
2 GEORGE v., A. '912
*'■ "" ' .i-i"iinl l.wiSf ph.iMMT.v.-l
Mi'0\i; inns-.
li irrwii. p pact, Imrii'.).'.
iim%x.|iil,s, oft
ari> (■'•m|iujo,| ,,( ii,t
■II Mri,-iii;ifi.,| ^,|IL■•1
size-i lip
rIiI.v luiriill.-l t.. fl
re|)l:ir. - sotiio (.f tlie fhl
iltiiit<il (piiirt/ or diloriti
art' ipit^ihedrn of ii'ojri;
la t)
iM.tl
frntiiiii'trps in loiigth. Tho
!•■ -iirfiMv of ||„. lavu tlcw.
i; ""iiifliiiic-i ;frten liioilt.
iHK fnnii ()•,") 11
■r I'll-
iH'Icristic
111). (IP \i'-KA to J
till' ami 11 |ilii>;
nil >(.cn,,u iliv only Mrit-iniil ronstitUMifs
Til,- I
iiiiii. in 1( iivtli. I
illi r ill iinlivi'liiiils rniijr-
1111(1 socnis to !,(■ i„i,| laliri.i Till
111- II iiiiixiiimiii extinction nf lie
, , ''■ •" '" '•"" iiiidcrl.viiitr rocks. TIk; chnr-
"":'"«' •■"•'""V" "'">■""•"♦"■ "i""^' "iti, 1,., ,.,„, ,j, litti.'] „ J
:r;:r;:;::-'v:fS:if::.';;:-j::f;:'^^
ii.:i.....tit's w..ro ;,;:,;;.',!" """""■""■' '■""■ '""" '"■•^''"^''■■" '••'
. xtn.Mon (>I.,>el.v lollowinu' tlip foriiur uw '
In yi-«-_of nil tho facts it .owns ,...rtai„ ,1,.,, ,1,„ ,vliolo in,-, feet of lava
r.-|.ros..nt.Ml m the section rr^prp.pnt ii >-ind,. (.li(>n,i,..,l ,,., „ Tf ; I ^^
... „t .on(. (/, ho ,^onsp„.„ou<I,v povplivritic character „f .one ,, .n.l X
folio!!" '"''"'"""■ ""■""" "^ ""■ '■'"•">"*''■'■ '" "- •-" -■ therof,,,.... i,s
I "■ I" ' i'iii|iat't lava.
"■ I" '■ Incicialcd 'ii.i ' h,,a.
Tulal l.iva 4(;5 f,.,.,
Ha>e, C(.nf(,rnu,l,l,. .,„. „f Ki.d,,.,,,., ,s,v,.I,, f.,nna,io,i
th.at*;;:/w■i;S;h;^■;:;':,::.;,^'''-'^'''•-^
tho siiinniit twelve 'nis;.- .ii!. o' i: ..::':,j'";,.n- ,"'^ '^ r*"- ■■'";'■ *'■
.itno. entirely replace, ,,, „.. a-iiy^daioi^'./t,:'';',;';^:;::':;,,' '-;,;;
■■, ; ■ Vh: '
A7 i'liHi 1,1
'II! I .III
•SESSIONAL PAPtH No
/ I >/ /,•' ' \ 1 . 1/ / /,•
VJl 1
iiiclinl. - M,,,.; , ,,
'• '>V'-Ill> l|., t tl
II. I> 11, Ml- il
llvin •!
'|i.iit/it«
^1- II -111- .
!•: -I:. |l .,„|
III. I hi. t.il-illil. , II
I'' -linhiiit II
(..•I ■ ( I.
rjijri.
||' ■'!' Ilip .1,
'III. u. r,-
^.1. Al ll
niiin.-i,!. /.,;h' ,1
l.i-iiit l-rii iiij.j
ii~ -.•,•11,, I
" !i. n III. \
I. M ilh t
l.'rniiii i,,ii,
A.'. |>ll..ii .,t' ill,
". r.' ovi r
•III r lii,
<ii, ill,
|. i;r i\ -i;r, , n
It-'. 111! innrl
tWiIlK
^ ' I..I tiii. :>. i.
I iri'livnt!.- ill
-I \\,-.t r
IIK'lll. 111.
it i- ii,.t.
|i..||.li
t\\.
II llii' Urll-r\|„
n t.T ll
"•■ ' ll.. r,..||,|„.;,,.. ,|,
■iitniiiiiv ,,| tl,,. I I
i|ii. I,-,. II,, II, \,
11' mil..
It- !ip..|.. r |.|:i
[ ». ..|i,,ii j. I
-•iitli «,,i||||,
.\lr<.ill
i^iii.v r.iiiv
tlnv,. n
iii"-l .-ii-i.-rlv
1 iirL'iliii;,. 1,,,|,
.1 .It III,- j.
■\|,.-iir,. ,.r ll,,
\..,,t. 1,
:- "iiii .■i|i|.i.,,\iiii,-,i,. till,. I;
i.v i;i\i r
■r
ll.lN. Tl
r..ii..ivsi -
ii..ii-)l[>ii.Mr
ii|.;..ii-.iit,
' "( iIk' iimini
•i-.li.iii fhoiij.'!,
ii.T. l.r..jil< fl„.
'11 l.n;i ill fli..
I'Vf fill .<|.fi;,,n
.■I'Ht, I,.,. I 1,1,1, k
I'. '-I.,., ,11,
till
1.1
i-l,.
I'.iipliiiiti, I
I. ..11 ..imu.laloiil.
1.1,
.it..,| I,
Tilt 11 1, . i.i
«ltll i.lli;,. I
■li'll. t ?.,li
.li..ii.i..rv,K .,1 I. ,1,1, ,,!,,, ,,,,
A I
'11'.. I 111.. S,y, ll l,,,.|
hi
■ll'lilj. tillN I,
.iri-...|„,ii,U
Iiropfi-. It ,1
" 'I'liii. !...-:i! :!,,,
" --'" I. I...1..U- ll.,. 1,;,.,.
iitiUit.
-Ill'" t .,r hiuiii
1- '•.'lil'..rin.i|,ly iiit.rc\'iliii,,|
y rill.-..
Ill .111 !■, .i,,.,|.
ilh tl
ill till, Siv.h
- :mi.VB-
-iMt.i. Thi^
'I" "• •■I- in th,. IJoiiinl
"■ iil'l'iriu,,- iM,.|,il,o|. ,,f ,||„ |',ir,.e]i ],
l|.,V -..,■11,, I
i^i nil. I iiiii-i h:ivi. bpri
ihii..lilv li
i'liii III.., Ill lilt
li'.l'fli :,i„| ..
mil ,,| ill,
■H.. I.I..I uiili ,|„
lilll.
■' .ll..
■ill h
\.l 1- .;|ii,i>
I..I> ,,(• tl.,. jl
iillllllll Ill..|llllll|.nt It twr
".I.v 111. i.iryillii,... It. 1.
i'.v-t'....t llow of
111 ilii. i-.iii-
ili-i-i'll :illiv>!-ihil..i.l. 'I'll
I- lit a h<
'11' fliirki' run;;.-.. [
nuiiii (■..iiiiin.,,,.,, ,,,;i. ^, i„if.,„;,;, ,,;;;;;(
I. '■nil
iiii.l lia- II,
ly -lii,li,.,| at tl
li-h-
■l-.iv. -Ii-liil
If, ,111 I
1 ..r ti
ii"Wii iiiinill.i in til,. Caltoi
'f .•.,nto.i|. nil 111,
H' tl.lOO-f,,
mill t'. LNpai-,
mil. •r..-.v.|ii, -ally \ i-ji.
-ii-'ihir ,':u.i, 1
!'■ III. .1111111. 111. 'I'll,. ,.,„.|^
I. ,111. in ll
''iini:{r al.iiii.hiMl pi
I)liPnii.^rya|j of
iiiiiifli.r: 11.. .hirk.,.,,l,,,ii.,.,l
l-S H
'piar?/
iiiiiicral I-
Tli.. tl
(oft,
iilifiiii,,|.piii
nil -.•.•ti.ii .-li,,w. that ll„. ,,!
pli, ii.,..i.y .tj.. C.l.l.
I.M-
11 iiit.-r.,,., ■,],,, i,. :„ I,,,,]., J,,,,, ^^,.;_, „[|„„;.,.^^
nil. .!. .p yi ll,,u- ,.nsta|< ,,f
par in. ■Ill, I,., ..i-ili,,,.]..
.iki. tl
'<■ Miiart/ fhi...;o arr
da-- I,
piir- II IV -r, all
iillanii.. ar.. a.
lit I- 11,
ii|. ui'.iiiii.l-iiia-
uitl
iiiii'i'ria! 111. -I,
'I'M'l't.l.v .l.'Vitriti,..|. It
1- wa- pi-i.l.al.ly
i> It very pale jrreciii-h
Th.
.li.(. riinstU
' iipatit,. at;. I all,.,.,.,] [\
ill th." alti.raii
,r til.
iicr iiiituit,. f.l,l,|,
iiioiiit. i|.,„.,,x,.n,.|, Itiitil,, „,.,.,„
ir ..nttaN a
II. I roiiiHl,
ica-it taintly. .\i,,^f .,f
"■'"•"" ''^'!-t"'''l"-?^>'"iin.l-i„a--ahvay-p„I
iiia.ss of
'|iiartz<'>.
f ilf'vrloptyl
mini r.il, pr.il.aMy
jpocitic pr.Tiity ,,|' t|„
■imrtz ami ,.al,.|f,..
•-'."a— v,,|. il--i (I,
It .•,,n<i-tj ,,f
ito. \vh,.j,. iil,ii,„l.
ipnirtz aii.l ,i
ii"-''' -i-m- t,, ,\|,lalii i|„. ,.,.1.
p'.larizpfi.
Hilary. mi.M.'ooii-
-ii'iill -l..am-\-,-i.
Mlv hlfrf,
ii-i- lill.'.l with
*IWi«»ri'*-.'««£aMr~ flTc-
.v^KBTSriT'i.^.-'IB
aifl
rn:r'{ttiur\r m int. i\ii innit
At tlif. I,,„er .•ontH.t tl,i. 1,,.. fl„„, Iil<.. , r.-„ 1,„
.hmd...^ p.l h„l,..w ,,,, u,,. ,„,,|..H,vi^
2 oEORGE v., A. 1912
rii|,tiiri
I Hi- . l.-i.rlv iirii'.iM-.,!
MM, 4M, ,,I,M IN TMK M..,.l|.,.n ,n^ MAV,,,.
The tifty.foot diko nlr.„,ii uo.e.l u» cuiHum U... Iw,.i.. ,., . |„ ,1 „ „
'' "r ' '^^;i ':...::/'•;;;;;, J';y!t,;;:;r "" """■' ^"^ '■
pria.a:vt-:^; :,'',:;:::::; "■:;:: '"''7"-"- —• - i- 'liai n ,i ,..
chlorite, cue o vo Wonl T "l'^ " '"■" ''"'" "'"' " '""f"-' "'"- "f
i-rge.^UCw;^tr,Z^u''\^"'^''\'''TT'' ^"'« '»•' occasionally i„
thi, S.,ui:;:'::t!:n:;:., r'''- :i^''';^;' '•:•■'";'-•■-• - '•■ ■> .H-n.,;,.,,.
call. yc,.,i.,, .iH. ,h.. .iia....'c:,ni' 'pL;:Vr:::;"""^ ' ' """•''-■
I lu^ main U)ilv <•( tli.' iliki> U ,.,,r.,„.a.i f ■•'
rook whi..h i. si.nilar t,. ,l„. i i./lp , '',;'^ " '•"•:'"""-^''-"''l '-'al.I,roiJ
The Mu.i„ i,.i, „f „,i. ,,ik,. ,,„, ths:s,,'n, ;.;':'■;:;'"■" •";"^:"""""-
of one ^pooinitMi is 2.>iS:!. -1" 'ific^ trrnvify
... ...t „t tl,e .likn f,„,„ „.|,u.h thoy „r,. pr,.l.nl,iy nff,l,r,ot.
At tlir lioa.j of thn liiv.nd L-ulch, n mil,, fartlior w,~f ,h ( ' ■ ■
«>s.es a ,e,.on,i. tl,irty-f„or, vertical ,iil<e, s. S "v ^^ i w '■)""•"" ''""
l.a8 p..rr..I,orat..d the in.pro-.ion won from 1. .,,7 Thr nnrro.oop,.
this ,Iik.. i- of e.-ontialh 'O,. .imo^mn^'mo / r'n;:;'':; T? ''"r "'"'
I'l !:■ I I r, t.w V IV Tin: ,:m,t,.\ iiwi.i,
t »H. t,,t. T'.. -,.w,„„ n,o.r f;,vnnr,n,I,M'..r ,I„. ,„,,,..:, of the for-
itirmn m i in.
I ii/i r isihi-M.Mi H
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25,
lll.llKill Uil-
II, ills ,ili<i\i
■ I'Ti.-- till- hi. I'll
.lll-
■'• CO feet— |{r.>«uul»-l)l,i. k
111' tirlil .tiiijv
T>'1'. ' ' llltil iiiiiIjIc L.i.,. (if (
.1 I'l
Illllll'
'■ k Mill.'.v, 1,!.,
• mir n oiilt : --
uia
tlir<>v
41)
'■ an
OOlitfO
bll
Uri- iii-h-lil.ii k
Uollli'.
[lorphv mil
il"l IIh,
■iiiijK'liiliiid.
firl.l.
.llii\>'.l ilniil
i.ili-».iv 1* 11.., I I,, II.
I I M-Il'luil
l)-t-
I'l'"-^ I'll, mill iiljiii,i|,,|,t
■f lubr
^fiO fi«t.
Miiicrul
iiijf phii.is I if tl
11 true o.pli
soctioiH it i-i n iihiiN-.i I
•luloiil. Till
■ iif' I iii.iiil.' I.
I '■( Sij.u 1,
illllittU'll
i-lii'iiiii-nll.v t'K.ii' r<irii
!'• I'il-llMli'll ill till' .\|,-(
iiri'
-niiihir til tliu
■ia but IS j|iiiiireiill«, ..f
• illivru.v laiiL'i
Mirr-|i..|ll
',v iiii u|ipro\iriinfil.v ii|uiil liij.k
quiH' IuimI ixlriit. I
iililHars til be
n tl
-■l.ii'ii.iiis pi.rpliyritii- plui-w
111 .st^verul "-oi-tioii-. iiimio mi tin' Ko-.t.
I'hill
iiei'k. 1 1
(jreiicoii-i liii'l iiuis-ivi
I'f till -f luttor ■lilt
ul-
[till
■f thr 1,1.
ripl.i.
-1
■il l.v ih
■ I'tlior
.Illl.VJf-
!<• llIII.\U^.|,l|iliil
ly vnlli-,v A"\»: imrtli ami
■ mil <if
tuff,
■ riiicil of 11 single nrv;,( t|,
i"iH the fMrriiMtliiii is viTV ln^n.
iucenii., rork ill /nm- ■■ >f..iii, tn -Imw that /,.
I.fli
Til
iMtiTralatioii
til
b,.two..i z.„ii. „ aiiii /,. «h,..b iiierK.. „a,\ l.v i„,„ . a.l, „tli,T. W,,^ , , . J
|tiu-c9 ot one irii|ii.. | muh-. ' ^
At till, sunui.ii of til. lialion ran.... tl,,. formalin,!, i, ,■„, i.ff 1,,. .. „,.,^,,
fault, lo thi. oast of tli. fault tl.o lava bn, b....,, ,„,,,..,, ..ro.l..i|M' 'i'
It does not aprear .„ tlio map i,f ,1,.. |,..||, „..,,.,;„._, „.,. .,a,,.,p„ |„|,- ;,• ,"
Galtoi. ranui. an.l .!»■ wbi.l,. i,f tbo Mui'DouaM ran....
II III III. l.KW IX TlIK (.I..\I1KK RWl.r.
head ot Sfarvatiiin ..n.^k, twenty-.^ven m\\., east of tli... .s.iniiiiit fault of the
«.«lton raiiK... iron, that point to the lake at the ea.-tem extremi.v of the Con. -
nuss.on map the tori.mtion fonns a eon.spieuou.s featur.. of the cliffs F,,.,, a
eo.nmandmK point it .an !.■ .s...„ ..ontourin,. tho mountains through several
...1 ien of eontin:,ii„s exposure. In all. the Honmlai.v map ha. twent.v-five n.ilo.
"i bis outerop. I, n.Milly ,,reserv..s it. lonfoniiable pi-i,i„„ heuveon the Siyeh
and Shoppard ionnatn.ns and steadily holds a thi.^kne.. of about 260 f^-t
As .n the western rauRe. ,t is. ,.„ aeeount of its har.lness. a strong cliff-maker'
ott.^n tornmiy- iiiiM.ali.al.Ii. pri.i.ipi,.,.s at .■irque or eanvon 'n maKer,
Wherever examined the whole formation is a homogeneous, dark greoiish-
gray to blaekish a.n.v.ilaloi.l, .ooriaeeous and of typieal n.p.v stnieture i 1..
upper oontact. ^\ hue ani.vgdul.s of quart, and ealcite are there abumlant
and often read, srreat size, even to six or ei,.ht imlw-s in length. (IMate '.n
Tho porphynt... pha-e and bre-.-ia of the west.rn ranp.-. ..re not assoeiatnl with'the
• •-- »
■ri!i» ~T,'.
;^14
''/ /■ I/.-/ ;// \ / ,,/ /
"' i\ni:iul!
\.\u
A- in t|„. ,,,|„.,. ,.„,^,^^ ^.^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^1^^^^ ^
-|N"'iriicii. Ihii |,.|.,- ill.,,
-' OtORGt v., A. I9!2
I- i"ll>'liii l.,\i,.,-f,,.t |',,i-iii-
■'•"l'-.i- nrrun,..,,,..,.,, Al,„n,l,„„ ,•"„.,, 'V/ ,M " """'l'
liiUKMrlll,. II, I,,, I,. ;,,„| ,„., ,|„„|,„, ,„ I , • ■ ' '"'■ '""' ll'IKMl,!.-, with
'w rv,.i„« „n. ; J:::;ir'tnT "^•'•'■■" -■'■'• • ^^ ■-'!..■
-' t„r... Till. ..nii,;: ::;,:■;:: ^rf\ ""■■'■■■' '^^ 'i.^'-^'
.n.,...i s,i,,,,,,,.,,, .„, Ki ■,..„.,„„.. i. :;,„.; :,;;'■;,:•:■;::'; ;■'•:■
illl<TlM'.|.|,,|
I.. .11 |,.,.„||
hIM . Wli
. , 11 <oi,rui,i, (lie .\i»kii,,iis .,,,,! (,, ,,, II II
twrnty (, ., „,,l... I.itl,„l„.i,.al|v. ..,,. , „,„...„,,, ; , ■■■' '' '''I- . '^ .'1-"'
I., north. „„„h. ,.„.| ,,., ,.,■ ,• . |.„,,, I ,„,..„„,, .
avoruK.M^f forty tV.t i„ thi.-kn,.-. ,•„, ,h,. Siv-l, to,-,,,, , , ,'" " "'"•
on^iriHl ji
"..K.Miti M,'c,.-m,ri,.* „ro iiu.-fo|n.„i„„lif,. i,.r ,,,,.,,.,, , ""'
:-"'•- " ' 1-. 1...I-. i.M,i "k..!,.,,,, o .,,:';■'■'':'■'■•■' ^ '"":■•' ■>"••'■
"'^^" r' ■'- ■'■^'''.''' t,.:,!,;;!:,:^v ;^^
■■■ nmui Miioi orii III' |>lls,,,, iiti ) II ,■ 1 I .'-iioii/;!-!
prism .v,.n,».v iihi.ut ()..' ,i„„. i,i h.,,,,!, m- i,.,- .„,„.,,' '""•"'''•-""'
grail, il.ir nii^j
ii-. iiucri
l»twpon th.t of ,1 ihMhii-,. „n<l
(KVlniititc, aii.l i|iiai-i/. T]
Th
S|»'"ih. LTilvity of a typr s|
I f;iil)hr(i wii
-Ir irtll,.
I .1 -ll'o,ii:ir li
Til <)
XM'lll,,.,, ,,
i- t. i||-lf,i
'■• til.- i.'ahh,',
ill 'he fl
iind
"•11,1. al i'oiii|.osition, ill th,
liiriii't. r III ni'co,<ori|.s.
'inniaii.'c i,f tl» hi,i|i,ali -.
inu in Mi.,||„. niavitv. tiii-i
i-'reater -111- in th,. \li
'■lice ron-i-t- in tli, ;
roi-k clo.-
IIK-Ill.llny ihr I,
'.VIC ami Yahk
I'ly iv-,.,i,hi,., ill,
"•ro|,r;;|,,a( ,ti
-l..,l,ll. ,,1
111 -li'i,i't,iri-.
iiilii-urowth.
I'll- I'liii
'I 1^
thick
sin.
-'rrii ~ilU. ft
'■t that.
■■■TIN to hi
lii'l-c till' lii>i|i
|iniiri)ial II
iloijii-al liltTi-
•■iiHivly aiMphihoI, ,,r ,||,
I- iiio.t|\- aiii;ito. wiii
-iilMi iiahit
th.
/.'/ /■'(/,■/ III nil I nil
I I - / /,■'< SiiMi i;
\i\Ci
btSSIONAl. t'ACLH \o, ^jj
Al ll
KliiiLi
flf.ir til .1
f -Him- I mil' 111. r,. i,ro
ill
iiiiiiiy |r,,inl, ,,| luli..l..„i..,,| r, ., ,nl.|..i..v i„.tv
' •■uny.m .,11 an.l tii- u.i.,Vi:.|ui..i,i „r il„. I'ur,.!! |.
■ Icriv.,!
lie . Xtr. Ui.lv ;ll.Ulli|i)'.| ,1
I,
whil. tl, li.i .,|-
iiiiiii 11 i|..i„ii,„iit ..rifiiiiil |nrci\i
.viii« Mil T|„. (V.M,,,,.,., ,,f .ill ,„„| I
ii:.iiii..hi „i ii„. l'ur,.,.il |..rm;iti .ii. |i
ll'Til.' ,.f tlx' HII,.VU.|lll..i,| , 1,1 i,„v,. |„,
lili'-.il with lliiil ill thr lili.lr
I.. 1., ,,|-
llll|"'ll.lht
'1111,1 ,11 I,, l,nl||. 'I'll,.
\;l(lU t!
'■' I I'-'. ' N'-' I'llh),' lll<
!'• SilllH' -|M-.'li-<,
iiiii-|..|«'(iiiiiititi. iiiul ipiiirt/.
'" '""" '"•■■ ''■ I N .1 l.y til Ml
vinliiijf iliff.TiMic.'i ill iiiiii.riiluLri,.[,i ,„„| ,.1
U-l W.'ll II- I
iiitii II
iinnili '
laii'it''. ,\i ill I
piirull. ,■ will
it iiiii> giilli.-,. ti> .ill.
-IIl'Iii .i,i,iii{,
■■f Mlir
»..ll|.l I.'imI I,, ll
rii-tt
<li-li .•! th,. sill I
'll'lltlMllS (,|
M.
ii"i<"l ill tlip ll
'.u-tfilliir-; ;i r.-liilivcly >l
!'• K« ll. Illtil.ll ,,t' illLT-tiliill i|ll
Tl,
itflit
(■IV-llllll/il||i,||.
liter w.,-, tlirii«t
..■r|itii.ii ,,l' ill,.
>|"' iiii.l ..tli.r ,pf till' w,-t,Tii -ilU, Tl,,
MMtrt/ mill iiii.-r.ipi'K-
t'l'v.- that th,- Kiiiil
i-riH«ioii ,.!' th,. l.itt.T iiitru-i
■IIMIltHMIl
At
.t til. -•
|ir,.,.iiit
>mii.' . riijiiiN,. |H riu.l n. ih,, |'iir,.,.i| |.
II I'llll.M.ll -.ll
fill- t,^ l..|,.|IU' tu till
illl,,.ll. »|t|| III,. BT|,,|, ,i]|
Ull IIIhI tlllll l..,tll 111-,. |,r,,|,„|,|y
All.. til, r -ill, liltv f.
W'.l ,,| t'l,. Viilik riv.
'tlt|.ll,|Hl|.-
■r til.. (
■t tiii.'k, ,iit> tl
(• Si\. ll |..riiml
til,. |,i
ii|.-lr. am iruin i|
■ili' ion- nil liipyiilii..
■11 i\|pi,-..,l ,.1, l,.,i|, ,|,|,.s „f Oil
ion ,.n th,' ia>t,iii -|.,|i.
■ri-ii'U- at Oil ('
I'k, iilMiiit tw.
rill' iiitrii-iiv,. Iia- -|.|it, a /,,|i.
.t t
Til.. r,.,.k
ic Sivi
linn/,. II r.iiiiL'lil.v 1 -tiiiiat.MJ f,, 1,^. l.tHMl f
f-riili:ill,v a tiiii-Kiaiiip.l ,|iii li.-at,' ..f t
io,-k l.iit tli,T|. i- li,.iv ; ii,i,l,.ruMv irr.'iit
tcl
a- iMIitla raii.v..|i
lll.T'.il-. Ill
llllj Im
'■"■"I'-'illi" rlliiiclai.', whii'li r.i.l
i-r aiii'iiint ,,f fr,.,.ly ,Tvstiilliz,.,
■I'Miiii- a iiiaj,,r ,'. ii-tiliii'iit. M:
kaol
V'lilllll.- Ill t
Th,. r,..k i- liaill\ alt..r, ,| witj
pill,,- ...III,. ,,t' till- liilirail.iritp
riiixKiiiiilit,' i- an al)iiii,Iaiit iiitir-titi.i!
1 thr iri ii.ratii.ii ,,f ,.|,i,|,,t,. ,.|,1,,
H.. -.n,-,!,.. -a.M.iiiii,.. ,i„i l,|„.,„i,.., |„„ I, j, „,.^,„j„ ,,,^^, ^^, ,^^^^_^ i^^^ij.
■k
til.. >ill tl
"a- iiiiKiiiallv
if l.i-ili.
ill tl.c Iviiit
II- -aiiii' uriH-ii, nil, ,111,
at..-. T
tlii-
ii-'iiiU'li iii,,.t iif
iNtlii .-alivoii -ill.
ril(fltr
riil.i.all- ,|,.v,l,,|,,.,i li,,riil.l,.|i,l.- ujii.-l, wa- r,,mi.|
■ ■H-<'iiii.il -iloiigr with till- (•oloiirlcs"
I- an al.urii
A >ii, ciiiK'ii taken at a |v,i
ii|ii-o-riitiii«- the i-iiiitact
!Ui«-it<'. (Tv-tiilli/,.,!.
lit tlVl
zoiii -, licar- 111
i-r fr.
Ill I... iippi.p coiita.'t iiM.l til
ll'irilliirll.ji-, I, lit tl
iiiTf, a- in
tlio i.tlwr -ill, ]
i-i'iii- t.i ha
I. ill a|.|ian-iitly tw.. ^'
ii\j i-vi-ry i-viiloii,-,> ,if |
I.- I.i-il
ll'lltl- i< illtil-rlv
i'in'raii,.ii-i. Th,.
liiiriiMi.ii
heeii ahl.. \„ .-ry.-tallizi- only in tlio int
M'liitr a Jiriiiiary ('..ii-tili
Willie aiipit,- 111 .[Kilizeil th,- (-,iiitH<-t
iTiiir part i.f th,- -ill.
Iininljlen.lic, phases of th,. sill nro horii..lnpn,is to tl
zi-ni-s. Ihi-o i-oiitra<t..il.
anuitii- a
II. I
fitty-t'.iol
ililM' n.-ar tli,. -Minnnt ..f tin- Mi.(
a< iiio-t proliiihl
IP .sitnilnr phaso.<) found in th.
iiilivi'ay rant;,.. Thi, ,lik,. 1,:,, I,,., ,
;ia\ iiy of tlir aiiwiti.' pi
.V o„i. t,.,.,|,., ,,(■ till. l'iii-,.,.|l r.ava thi,„l, Tl
pliii-... :i.04s
Kiiiila oany.in -ill Up, m-.
plia-f :- :!.i
lio=r valu<.= fiirtlii-r -Ih
fiat ..(■ til,. iLTiiuii li..niiil. ii.l.-l
nilarity i.t' ilii-
le -t Ill'
.iinii;;.
216
i>i.r\i;i Ml \i i,r I II, iMi:i:i<>;;
ri Hi i:i.r rw \
\Ml A-
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
I VTKII 1\ IHI SI
Tliu most rastcrl.N
the Ivcwis ranf.'o h.v
shows the flnsf par
'^ ^> IN Till. I.KWI, It
WiX.
i-XiHisiiris ,.r ilir lav
Willi
1(1 Fii.h
II. v.-t
.iIIm-.L
tliose foil ml
nils niid liiiia\ ,
1 . , ', . ■'••"J- ,1 ,,, iin. iiirniatKin
.i™- J »,rr;;,;;:t i,;:;v''" - — ^^ »-
;sr:;,;";'r:;^:rr';;;,;;-r;;,-|=r,:::!;i;^^
™1 f .-v;r^,;;;,-i'u,:l;:':j;:,,-^i;::;:- 1 ;-;;; ;*
» i"..r,.„i.,„i ,u.,. ,.„„„,; „;.! !:, " .:■ ,; "■■vr:;",,,":'","";."'
(..r m. f,,,, „„„„ ,,„. ,„„„ „„ ,|,„„„ ,.,„;,;;;;:,"■ ■*■ ■■ ■'•^- ■> *'p»
ol ,. „',': " "";,""'""''"l'<' 'I" 'li"'ili- » f"m..l 10 ,;.M-m „ N„„ „l„,.i„.
.11. J Cir ,l„„| U„ ,„ ,1,,. ,,„„„ ,i,„, ,,„„,., |„, „|,^,„.,„| ^ ,,,,",,,,, '°
'/>m^«...-T„ the ri.1,1 ,l,i- ,.o,.k i. always unn-h wPathere.l pr...ontin:r
a (lull snrn colour hy na.oii of th<' M-on.lirv chlorit > ".7'-. I''^' •-*^"t'"f^
It is a typi..l alter..., .liabase. Kxposu.: nl^ou J , e" o^ :itZt
Onunel , where the thhkuos. of the sheet i. 4> feet in.l „, SI, J
n^ountan. oppo.ite Mount Flattop. Iloro the J:S/lZt^7t
fl( V » w,,l ,,,,„. ^,„. „, ,,|,j^.^ ^^^^^^^^^ .^ with ,n r
(laloidal eavities e„nfaining ealeite. Its nlice is .t tU . ' ' ," " ■"■'';-
fon„ati.„. 000 feet above^he sheet oJ .t;;. ^S/ a T,: , [ S:'
•O. I. Finlay. Bull. Ge<,l. S<>c. Anienca. Vol 13,"l<W.', p. 349.
nrroiri m iiii: i i/n:i .i>y/,-..\«,i;/ /.•
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
ri-si>o<>ti\eIy. Tim argilliie 1
->( tlio (liati,
1'
ua tillud ill the irrcKularities cf
it, were obsorvcd ..n Kl,iit,
.lik.> of il
rork.
21'
tlio upper surface
raiii
(
fnni
th
■l>-
I-1;||1imIIv
"iirircti'
ii'.v contain in.-lu:Jinrn ,,f th,. ari;il
wKh
uiliT the mil
1 ill! 11,,'il to <ix u.ot i„ wi.lili, 'I'licv
Id-C.ilH. tl
I', aiTauL'i
ausitc an. I phif^iorhi.
(li:iba-ic structure
It lia<; the liuMt of lahnu'l
<inta f.
i<- rock I
-cell f., 1„. 1,111.1,
iu such 11 luiiiinci- us t,
nearly vi-rticul
M|i priucipiilly o
if
p!ai;i<
"•lii-c 1^ i.iiouiorphii
I,
^'U
tii(> iioriiial
-lell,ler IlltllS.
■r Its iici'unil.
•rite, hut n.i uiutcriiil wn- slii,li,.,| Nvhi,'h offcrcil
iletcriniuiiticin.
Tl
auRif,. is much more ahuii,lant than the feld
:ie cxf iii,-ti..n hul'I,
hid
mineral, red-hrnw-n when fre-li. hut ft
■par.
Il
Kli.
Th
Tl
le small
amount of olivine
iiucntly (-iitirely n-,,,,,. ,,vi r P. clil
t.1 .seriientine ami .•hh.ri
■rliiinally pres.'ut in tlr
n iilhilnomorphic
iritc.
k i~ II,. \v altered
tion pr,,duct, r.-ulling from the plapiocl
U'. 15, sides tile .■hlorite, wlihl, is the .•hi.f al
auii olivine, much .-e.i
Apatit
cry.-ti
11 -e as u,
fn
e is found and titanit
mdary calcit,' has 1 ,, .l.-rivcj from th.' t'.I.K
f.
Th,
s. is aliinilant. Ti
Till through.. lit the ll..w
erous iiiafnictiti
.m tlii> autrite
par.
ic mcdiuni textur.' ..f th.- .liul,
pram- am
II -e ].
fiiirU
.■liiiite
id
present wriii _._ _
Wtnnive types as tll,^v occur iieaVthe'suinmi; on^h.'-'swifM 'nrrent l>a^s trail
A the upper edj.e of Miianite Park.' on the «e-t, rn ^de of the ,liv Lie n„
nue, Mountain Qua.lninKlc sheet. V. S. ,ieoh.,i,..l Sn^i:": ' r„ ;:^
tonmit.on ,s n prc-en,e,i hy two conti,M,o„s ,l„us .e-,i,„. ,,„ „.„ sivh m tar
gdlite nnd overhun hy typi.-al Sheopaid heds. Tlie l„u..r t'.. isf,,,v f et
hick Its upper surface, as uef,! hy Finlay. i, ,.„pv. Thi- .ructur, p., e
heneata int., a ,.ronounc,.,l pillowy stru..turc, whi-h. i„ ,,]„. . ,.!,■ ra.-tc i.e
most ot the thickness of the lava -he.t. The pillow- „v ..,,,. ii '''■'"' ♦'■"^''
and of spheroi,lal form. They ran.e from a S^rl/ S\ ^ ' ''T 1 .
in greatest diaim.t. r. Xo -i^,, ..f the virioliti • V
pillow-lavas could be detected. The interstices belweerthrpilllu'raiv 'Idled
c-.tJ.er with chert or more c.„n,„.nly. with an oI,-..,„v. h,.., ,.ia-lik,. ivhs of
aphamtic material wh.iso micr.,scopi.. ..hnracte,-. a,-,. , ,„-„ „f ,,,1 „.' ,it, Thl
matcr.al hears a few minute crystals of feMspar ,„„ ;, ,.hi' tlJ ".on. ...e, o
tinely d,v,dc.l clilon.e. ,,i„rt., calcit.. an,! ahun.lan, y.-llowi-h-hrown L t ,' ,i,
.ul^a..ce l.ke .i.lerom,.lane. The wY.lc s,.ems to form ,, .reatly alter.,! hil::it;"
The piMows tl.em^elves an,l the n,,n-pillo„y ,,i,rt- ,.f ,1,,. ,l„w aiv e.,m„„se.|
of the same type of vesicular microporphyritic. occi,>i.,„allv diahi.sic 1 „alt
that makes .,p the upper flow. This i, eighteen feet thick an, li..s i „ ,', , H el y
upon the ropy surface of the forty-foot flow. Th,. latter is with „ I't. ^
.tn,,.tur.. lut is n.as ive like ,l,e normal rurcel, Ln .da ! '^.toJ^S
evidence .-h.,w, that ,'-e rock is of the el.emi..i,l ,v,>e r, ,ui..,l in alT the
o.vnrren.vs of il„. l.vn iu the w,.st.-rn rany.s. ^
The write,-s eyamination .,f the -ill (.SO-TO f„,., Hii.-k) and .like (r,n feet
thick) no.e,l hy }in!ay as o„tcr..ppin^' t„ the ea-t .,f tl,.. Swift Current Pass,
jj
218
Ja
ot
/'/ /' \i;i \ii \i or
'III l\ I I.Hhil;
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
,tl„., „.„„,,.„,■ 1,, , T ".■tl,..,-L,s,.. ,,,„l,„|,lv i,.,,ri„^. ,o,h,. Tl
"" 'IP lilt "f tho -trikii.
r in'cloiiiiniuico of til,- l,i<ili,.at,.< eo
tl.. lVl.U„.r, ,l,i. ,.ook ...a ; .. U T "'/'"■ '- — '••; ->Pi.ro.l f.
t'"iiri.I lor tl„_- Kliitin cnnvou a
i:i,i.viio\ ,.| iiii:
ll'l Oil (Trl'l; silU.
^"■'•^ '"" I'll^l- I" Tin: I'lll.TM. l:Mli,s|M:,
ot I
n- ;:;!::;■.::";,;::'''::.: ''•;;:^' ^■-7-' ''^r '•"•'^'i'^- -^ "•'-•'^ -'-^ '-^^^
v.- l^-.v a ,-o„.fiMt .. , ■■ ;■ " ".' ''"■"' ""''■'■^' '"i^-'nlmt..! lo,.ali,ii,..
Si.... i.,.,, it:;:;:';;:^:;;;:;,^:;;/:-;-- [i;;;^^;;'-;';^ .i.n^ i-^ .-e
;;-;'■. u- <....n.i..nt on,...„ ,,, ,>ia,iv..,, „„:.;::'■;:;: s ; ■^''lii-e or 4;;
... 'li:::.;^.; ■:!::,;::;: r':r':,::,':,tr''.sr ""■ r^""" ^-^ r-- '^
t><»at-.l l,v M.i.Tos ,i,. .„„i,. J; 1 . ""^'•"'"•lll■-l"" '-^ amply corro-
tl.o ro,.k.: «,o/to .ov ' • ,' ;■;■""•"' '""'• "' *'"^ ^'■•^'''' ^\^<^vM\on of all
t^vi, o..,,;.it^;:;:,;:;--;-;^,;^;:;;->- "' '"'• .H„.i„a. ..,i.,.„.a„ .,.,..
n... ,„a.i. diffon.n.-e of ..l.en.i,.al .■ompo.itlo,, ,.o,.M-t ■ i,, tl„ r ,
s.l,..a a,.,l ,„„ash rop,-o.e,.t,.,l i„ ,1,. pH,,,,,' ,■ , '"''"'""." "^ ""'
qi.artz wl.i,!, are ^o ■il„.n.l-int in tl ''.'^ '"■">"" li"'lii-<'. im.-.-o,v.fr,„„tito, aii.l
flow-. The „.arkod i" } " o , "' "''"'" ""'T''^- ^''->' '" t''<^ ^-fa..
<>i. tlio ofl.or i.an.l. the a,„.vn,l,l„i,l „,„ ,„_,, „. ,,.;,,•.,, , . ,
"'^'^^^'-' ^"^'■'' -'"' -'■'•■'' • —- "1- .-. ;::!;::' ':,'■:;::::„:!, :!:
StSSIONAL PAPER Nc. 25a
tlik.-
2:9
I" "- rapi,! ,„..„„ti„;,- ,|„,v w
i'l'-|'l-> ,|.i ll I- ,,■■ 1 ,v ,
'~ '"" """■ '•"■'■-1' (■•'■ tl." iM-i,. I,,.,:.-,,,., »,'
Tl... I'„r,.„;;
111.1
,,.1;
• til,. tV,.,li,m- ,ii|,,.. ,r..
-un,:,;,, .,-M„ ., ,,, ,,„,..„.„,, ,.;,i:,; •■' si^,,,^ ;;;:";;:■■;. -••'-■
fdiniio^i'i ot t I,. ,.niiii. nvit....;„I 1 • 11 ., ''■•■'Iiiiir .lik,- ,;r.-
.ills, .re n.a,Io of , ,, « S,i ;T:"f' ^' —'';-;'•. while other, like .l.
slight hn, „,„„.,, .i:,,,i„ nj,:;." : ' h,'':', ;.,:rr'''''' "■.^''"•^' r^ p-^'-i' >-
I;""" ■•;' 'I- Mrdillivniy r.in.
Mratii.*' 'I'll,
<!i«tiiii,,. h.tw,.,.,! th,. Swift Cinr.Mt l'-,.< .,,,1
'--••'■•■■"■^- ""• >''n,,i,vi,,;';ji;, :;;::r^;;;,:::^^''■;^■l'.'-■---■■•
'l'-over,■,l ,„ l„ Ch,,!.. :,nl !.,.n;- ,Mnp.-. '"",)-,v,^ 1„„|„.. ^h.Mvv.M-
riif tiirlliiT i-MiT|.|.ji i,,ii ..I' tl, -I? i-i . ,
^1 M-MAKV.
Th,.
VMriiiti.,„< i„ tl,i,-l<,„.-<. H,.I,l.|,nl,ir .i„| ..-,„.i,, i,„„ „, ,,
■""^""""'-'^- -'"■"• 'l- (•■<■«, .,r,l„. ,-„l|.,„i,„. ,„|,|,.:
I'lii"'!! K.irnr.-
I."iiil 2ii f.i..t tl.,« ,,f ,>,y
"ll'-- .ilK.iit ."ill f,.',.t
;Un»v,' t',
'■ 'i"i, iiinvKihiloiil.
•■ 4' iiixillitf.
ll. I."iir, alnyi;f|Kl..ii|,
' '■!"», |«ir'|iliyiy.
''■ I"', coniiiuct jin;i
"■ 40', "a;! " lava
Total lava. 411.-,,
Iiik.'s ami -i||^ ciitniitf
Kitcli..mi (.siv,.||i j,„
■ iiciliattiv U-IiiV.
I,..,..ally, L'L'ir iH.j.nv „ a
"'i>-f.«.t ri.iM ,,f aiiivpija-
li'iii.
'ialti.n Kal,.'.
•'■ 'ill, ariiVKdahii,!.
r. U*'. vimrM- lirt'coi.t.
''• iWi'.ainyKilal.ii.lH'itli
liliinixrysts.
II. 'XI', iii.n-vi.s j f,i la p
fiiphyry.
Tnfal lava, XHt .
'•lark. l;.„„.,
211". ainytr.lal.
'I'.ital ...v.,. i>ii(i.
I.' "I- liaiip I Shi
•'ill rent l'a>-i.
•*^i "I »ni\L'.laIni.i I
f^li' |.|.arcl and In .
.;iinynilal.,i(l in Kmtla
I.'.'. Ilia»su... aiiiwila
iiidal tl..w.
4"'. ropy tti.u |.a-.-iii
l» Imv int.. 111!. « lava
T..t,,l laia.
l>lk,..a„.lsilK ■utti„>,-|.,k.., ami -ill e,„,,,
^.f'' """-ii.>t..iy s,v,.ii ,„ i.Vt,';;'
riir I..1V.I- :ir, (-vcrywhin-
Miiilerlyinfi- sciiiincnt^.
liflnu
tiiiii-(.t]-lil>- .•.,iit'..i-ni:il.lr 1,
l»l.,w.
ll:< ■•V, r\\ il;-
E.xeepfii
loi'iil rhynjiti tl,,, |;,v.,.
w.,t,.toth,.h..,HiMa,,iny.-T,,;;.,r:;,;::.,':;::-:;;:t^^
"'"•■*' -iM.. iiii'iv orti,;^,;!;;!;.:;^ inliima'""""'"" ""■ ■'■"'■'—..m
iwt . f I'l
aao
r>ici-Mn\iHM or inriMtuiun
' •'^'■'■'•"'-'-' '■-•'■'--■••^••i >n,,,:,. r;:;,,;H;:. r;;L:;; ;.::..
-t:l!
2 GtO^lE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No 2=j
•')'2
CHAPTER X.
INIRUSIVE SILLS OF TIIK l>rR, KLT. MOrXT.MV >V^1•K^,
INTKol.rrTION
-"- the area of ,1„. Bonndar. UH .l..o i, ,.0... tl,o V:,„k ..n i M..i..
™v,,l„5 i„ ,11 „,.,„, ,„.J" ,"'•„,'; ""■ "'"I- ""■' lo™ Wciy.f,,.,, 1„„,1,
^r"-'" ' •■"■ ~i" wk ° e "?;;,, '''"'o;;/'% ''r'-"' "■■■' ■'•
b....' :,"cr,,'' ;;,;;r,:r'';-,^'''r,''"- '■■ ''""'" - -'■■■
IS prnl.al. V onlv ii„n,rp„t If tl,„ "'■t'"tiir, >,.,ti,,M. 1 li,- r,-inty ..f ,lik..^
tho.e ran.es -lik' ', ? i ;, ,^. J ^--'-'-l'- * ---'--P w.n. p„„ovo,| fp.:u
'liffick. field ,.oM,li, ':„„■, "'^;\'l— -•<-! "voM „„,i..r ,h. ,...„Ii.„|.
referr.d to as th,. Moyio ,i]l.. S-ver 1 or fl r ?'' '" ^'"'-'■-■"'f^-
i.. thickne-s. The dip v.He. fr : W , v' ':';o'"" '""! '"' ''^ ^'"' ^'-
£^.t.S-:i;,^;:r -;/^,,:^:!' -/'- --^-/tirl;;:r
R..n„dar. beU, but, f.o„, ,,e faet that the l..-:,ie:lJdne;;j:',:,;f ;.::";;;:,: [^
221 ""
222
11/ /■}/,/ Ml
\ I i>l ,11!.
i\ n i;it,i!
- tl„. l„|
■i tl" l.i.-..,,li,|
': 'I I- ij"iii'v,.,i ,i,;,t ti
2 GlORGE v., «. I9I2
!• :- 'liiira.-t,
I'- U- ill I',
H' liii.l;
n li.
!"■ ':ir;.r i,-r,M
lll;ir II.. I,
'l-ll.' Mt ;||; ,||,
'II- lii;li. \v|
I'"'- 'iitliir r I ill,. ,,,,),
'""■I'-'-ll-^ Wllirh t'..|I,,u- l„.,|,I
!■. --■••illtilljr I.... I
II. 1 M-'..ll|. (,
l""lii -rv, 11 mil,.
ii.-.. «(.-tri'
> : IN II, Mil
III, C,
1-1 "f til,. .M,
iiii,'
mil iiri
^ II' river.
I'- .ir.' HI -ill ,-,.i
I'm ..f
U'l' (liki
'■'■iii'i-'ii. wliil,. tl
'-• 111 iMrt,
I'- ' il-l-W|.^t
-!• \l.
'Wi'. isri'iiiy
111-.. null. .Ml |,, ,1
'I' riiK i\ri;r
;|\i-:
lil II .. 111,1;
'ill' ii;il.it ,,|-
'1 llli- ll;lli
■I 11 h..hlli
111 r.ii ,.- I
i: mill. .nil I
\|'<- III
'!'■ IIIJIIII Illli.-- ,,)■ ,,.|,.i
,1 .1.11 K Uri l'l|l-|l.j;r|
■I'l '•iin. 11 il ,-;il| I,,,
.\rii
ly liiinil,l,.|,.i,. „..||,|
yiil'iiri) ,,| I
"ii-'i»"| iits .in. I ,|.,,, ,1
■! Iiylil In
||. iii;;if,.,!
11' l..nni.|.
" '''I" Imriil)!, ,1,1,. „,|,| ivi.j.
I lIltni-iM. l.,„!y H
Mn'i'illlv. till. typ,. li,H
""lliini -iMiii. Aiiv.mlr
111 111-, ,.-
I'fisill- l|-.,l|i 1
I'.vnl
|. l:li' lll:iv
'ii"iiiit'.-i in .|ii,iiiniv. (
p.ir ;iri. fl
ii"l^ III'' ii-iiully liiuh 1
liiin. t.i ., 1!
■.Vh.tl-ii !',
Jii-iii-. Till
-I'^ii'- mill 111.
'■ I'liiii i|i;,! viiii^ii
>'-fi' ' til.. Jiiii.li
'II. i.r iiiuri
I'l. I 111. Ii,,n
ill lumfh. T
^|-i'ii,il iriiiif.
iriin
lilrtiil,. f.
'<T yniirriillv
'I'll- t..;;(.lli,.,. I'
';''''""-"|^' III i.lm.'iii,- rni.k-. Th..
/I) i-..;li'-|.iiiii^. ,,|-
lull- 111 II,
■■III. l-i.-il ,l,.w.I..
''ili|~pm- tlimi ill,
;i'^iin. .1- ... ,
■lllCllt ..f ;| p
iii'iii 11 !<iii.! 1,1'
'I'll- i-lim-;i.(,
If fof fh,.
■Ill'' I'itlicr fa
■1;,
'I'l'- Tn il ,. I,
'11:111, .Illy
'-'■ i-ii-li.'.- ill li„n,l,l,.,„|,, ,„„|
itii r .M-o tiic ri.ok I
()
K'l-i'iiir- nlii rm p,.ri,l,,f
pi.. .Ill- 111
itn-
.l;ii-L..|i| I,
II ''XMIIUll.lII
\ I'll' ;|.!,1
i-k :,, >i
Itl. lipatltr. I
-"I'.v. illlrl-til
iii'ii ■■( li'.Miii,.. il
nil .-i.i-ti..ii- ill,, i
Kf ,,|-
ii-i' /ill-, ,11
i.il ipi:il-t/. Ai
111, I l|,.v,-|-|
Il I'llltO ,,,- tlt;inif,
iii*liliiPi)(-< i.
iiliii!-'-. liioiii'li v.-M-LiI,!,.
l-llll- lll,-|;.rllf.f|(,,
pvri-hn
-Il i-iiiK-n-
Ty ii.'iiti- :m,l ,,rfl„„.|;
iiii'iiiif- ,,f
1*1- w.Ti' roiiiu!
riiu inuplill,,,!.
•riy Willi
"II- I'.. nil, I 1 , Iniv,. ,.]
■lr.ii!.-lv pi
flic fi-,--|ino-< .,(■ ,|„, ,,„.|, [|| J,
'lll;-l'-("l-- U-llii-ll l-ll,|l|y,.,| ,,1,1
I'll iii-liii'i,. 1
irnlN-l tn
b>c>a
"""■nil "llil ill,. I',, II,
If tVos;|ic-t
winu
a--Ii:;ht vcl
b-^t
-In^i-iMicn> it,
Iit'iiio of nlis.
ii-r rnpii-
iiwi<ii-;;ri;.en.
rptimi:
- ^'trl.ll,!<- nil
C-ill'l-l' M
vn frropii.
iiisli-yrcen.
■-• -illl
Ill •;pi.,iini M- whi.-l
iiiriii't l.iii tl ,1
't' i'l liii..iii,.. .\
' iil'l'i'iir I" iiav,. I.ivii sli-hti
iiii-i- I.r til,, iimpliil.i,],
i^ur* aie i-i'ii>i,l,.,-nl,iy p.,],
tiirtlipr -t.qijo of nit
y lilt.
piiior, sn as tl
I''"''- till' li"nil.lf.nii>3
f-i-.-tfiori i
tli
f iiiiniM';:!
T li- lil
'II- miipliil„,l
!l..' It iii!i;li! I„
'■. -iiA;«v-tmH- iii-alifp i„ .-olour niul
■iiiiiiin in ilio -|i,lo^ that if
« rppri.cp,it<-,l in a ill
other essenti
rous
il respects.
'iiil,
irx- all.
r.-.-.!K
■tmii- lia-. 1
i"»'|-vi'r, I, .1 r,, il
■• -I I'.vrn.vciie. .V
■^c -tiiil.v ,,r 11 1,
•II- at ::--i I„.lipv,-.,i
li'im-y ati,.,. th,
II' ii'iii-lii-ion that th.
11. .i 1.1 uv,.,-ii i!
nil! Ill,, til,
•Ml -ra-r
|-"ll- lyp.. I|,|, ,1
I'liiiiii-fi-ali!
i-i' niiiiiher
-^ aiiiphihnl,-'
lraii-iti,,n ,>aii h,.
V yr..\vii ,,f (],,,
= '-' ' fj:\
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
=.23
'■• Wllirll 1,,,^ I,,,,,,
X|1.I,„- ,,1' ,1,,, ,,,|
"' •'"■^ ltfl-'.\ili(. i,|. ,,t r,„ ii,l ,., I . '"" ^'^ •■;(•.•
I -iinil, .,,„.. .,.Iy .|,vf,lM,i,ii..,l. \,
"1 -■n.,„lll/Mti,„ lV.,„ i|,„ ,„,„„ '■ "'•";'■•""■" ot- ,1.,. r.„.k ., ,i„, , ,„„
•«"! P^.•■.^..M,.. throupl, ,|„ i,„|,„ ,, ,,' ^""■- M.r,.,.;,i„„|ly,.n..,.
'"'"'','" '•'■'li'.^irv «-,;,tli. nn:... ,,,„,..,, I„. v ' 1 ■ •
„.,,,„„„„,,,,,■: ■ '-M.'^..;;,:- -■
tar. liuwivcM. ||„. |„,s iv,. ,
view. Sii,i;i,i,- ,.;i
'■■■'«> thrr.llal, ,„.l;u,„Mnti,. ,i,, ,
'•"" ""f int.. r,.,-n.„- tv„k,,l .l.„|. T ':"'.''"'''''^-'^''-'l''"---^n-ti,.„!;v
abundant „....o-.„,. ,1, „„ „ ,: /''.''''^'V ?; ""^ --< "!„. ,,,,„ ;. ,„
..n,v liM.vl„„ki„. .,„„;,„„„' 7 '■' "•'V-'l" '" I'-.„ ,. .r,.|,.,;.,nv. .„ „ ,.
•;:'-'--''-''--'^'i.v::"n:!n;!::,, ::;:';; ;;:;•;- .■;!.;■ ,....<„.■,.
liom 111,. ,.i„.,,,;,.,,i , , . , '' "•'■ ""' -^i "fNl.
I,rr„,,,..t;..,, . '"IMlMi-itlMli ,,f ih,. I:,,,,, , , ,,,1, .„,., ., ,„ .-"
I'rop.irijr.ii
SiO...
1'c ( )
iVo.
Miio.
'"'"'■'•"'l' !-';n.. t!„.'f,'!l,,,v;',"
4!ls
.52
IJ 1
l-V.-i
-ti^5i;;-:.:,'ri::;:;-u::::u';r;,:'-;,,::i:--;L:
111 iiiiiiiiiiij.
.1-111 ... ]abn,d„rito. Ab, An s 1 " H "r" •'^'' "'"' ""^''- ■-'"■
I-.- i.t.,w„it,.: :, ver/ivw o,,:, r„ rv ,' '::r:"\r^"' r"'"'"
'" ti- .loniia, r„ck i. .,o.,. u.t of tb^ ::-:M:r:z:::z 'vr '"'-■■
^___Mi..net,te. .itnnit,.. pvrH,„ti,e. an,i .patir,- n,.,. .„',:.„:.• .
uig.y iMn> ill ,iio<t .,f
thr >li.:
■'• '''■'^■''' '■"i-iii> :ni'l r.l;iii..,i- .,!■.■ 1
•r. ZirtW. I.p|,,-i„„|, ,1,., ivt,.,j:,;,,,l,„.. V
ipafit.- an- all pr..i,.,it i,,,, .,,.,
i"!i- av III,,.,.
I. IV.:;. J,, ^y,
1,;.]
^•it
. ■• '.;■ js. A - . ■■ J 'V, -' ' •_. ■:/ <:■ :- Ji, s , >
aa4
i>ii'inr\n:\T or rin: isterioh
to II .,, 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
I'i'.fe8-,,r Dittr' I 1 .'<"-oiMl:ir.v niiii.rnls. ,
1 ;(«///
V-* of ./o,ni,.,nt nal.hroid l,,pr ,„ //,, /.„,„,„ ,.,,^
SiO,.. ..
TiO,.. ..
AI.O
Fe,0, "
VcO.. ..
MnO.. . ' '■
MkO.. .
f^uO.. ..
N«,0.. .. '■
K.O.. ..
11,0 al U0-('..
H,() nliuve U0°^^
I'.O
to
Mol.
S|.
Rr.
(currected value)
5I!12
•sr.
•8;i
•OKI
II- 1.1
• irt:
2'07
-Olfl
«!ti
-niH!
'U
•nni
3.32
•2(p.->
11 53
•20.i
1.18
•92.1
•17
•00.)
•10
l-tt7
■M
■06
»9"8
2-990
th
•V fairly acnirat.' o),!!,.;,! ,|,
l<t. rniiiiatiMii ,,f (1
e Prin.ipa, ,„inera, ....Utuen.s (R„.i.«, ....holi) i:^';,:™
" "fiRlit rx'^'fiitat'c- ainoiiff
Horubli'ndc
I-uliradorite.. ..'..
Quartz
Titanite nud magiiftit,'.
J'lotite.. ..
■■\piititp.. .
S8-7
318
40
M
•9
1000
abnve. In soi„ero../,eet. tl,e.M.ri • ?•'"?'' '"'* ^«"" •^■"f-natcl a.
an.1 lime, as well a, he „mor of ^e.nic i^nl "" 1' •"''T '"' ''""' '»'^ "^^'-'^
that Ola.. It s,e,„.s k>s,. I'o ,, pS'n^^f nl^ ''l/-'''/'''^'^' "'•*' *°° '"'^'^ ^''^
cla-. re^ar.lt.l as an ahnonnal vavicty ii, that
I'll.- -ta,Mlai-.l ,„ine,al o„m,-o-itio„ ,„- •„,„-,„• ,. ,, . .- , ..
w:i> falciilnt.-.I tn 1,p:_ '" "* "" -^"nii rhi^Mfication
-,-. V
■SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
(.•uurtz
"rtli(*l«^..
Albite
Aiiorthit*. , ..
I>iii|isi<le. . . . .
Ily|ii.r>tl)enc .
Ilmi'Dite
Majjn.tite.. .
IlfO and CO...
385
Ai-c,.r<liii;f|y. in this met
SOilic ^iilirnii- of ihe KTCiilc
class. Tl„. rui., of Q to F in tho
the rork in tlie onier, pnllnro.
n9 62
'■""-• '" ""■ '■■•■''•'•• ^ "»'"■•'•■ of th.. ,alf,..nnn..
I" tiiiit vviii.-;, woiii.i |,ij„,
■rni Is vi'iy cjoic
V.,.,IATlnvs „„,„ ^„^ N,.„„.,^ • "»TrO.<m..V
K":7;;;:;i°:r^:i.*:jv;;r:;::!:'ti-'':""'-^
«c.,„- to pu.servo ,ts „s„al d.ara.t.Ts. l,„t tl,..
Ill
pl..;:i.-Ia^, shows „ strong t,nd.ncv t.,wflnr:,r "• '"',"" '^""'•'"•'••'^. '^"t tl,..
»iid>'si
avcrnpfc
-III,, rionp Ab, Ati Wt'oi tl, "•■«•
e.sp.^c;all.v «l.un.lant, .1,,. pl,^i„,,a'-,- -n'or.,''!'" ,^.; J" , '"."■""•"^»-"-""!t.. boron,.
In sovcral t
iin s,,.ti,,„s (}„,
clasf iin.j i|iiart/, whicl
fubstaiice i.f the rock.
1. with fh,
I'la(ri...-lii.p is sp, n ,„ |„,
t!.v n,].]
^'ill 'ln,„|„„nt liornM..,i.|,.'s. fori',, tlit
I' n 1 1 ffor hi jp
icpd hy ortho-
Ti„
esseiit;
more nclil, are nl
luinHO- in i-n,
ipo^Itj.
uppiT rotitai-t?. A
w:iy« nio«t notalil,
iii'li'-itin- th;i| th,
tact
poo. I i
■nrs III a w.'ll
th.. B..iin.hirv 1
:lhi-l:nti
0X110^0(1 sill
Mi;- til.
.f th.
'■Niacts ;,,„! ..-|„,pi,|lly „1
lin- hcco
rnc
.lificiit
il.
al
.oil
I'lO at a point
ntcn.ppiiijr in ,)„, i,,,„,j ,,^
th
onir the
10 upper eon-
t ,-00 t-ppt thi.-k. A
nine niij
ei.rita.-t i-
,.1
iinii-iiallv rii'l
<p.'CI
"let, rXn. 1 ) t
•i-t of the Ar,
It niiii >soi|fh f
roiii
yif rivcr.
al..ii^- with ih<
'i.liiiaii
'1 in h..rrih!en,lp hut
microp(s-ii,atit,. |„it ortl
I'litial.
Nl
akcn
l« .ars tunc
twenty feet fro
111' sll
aii.h.-iiii
It
» 'imiri,: unri
111 the lowc
■rtliochij
2, tak
th,
■II seveiity-tive feet fr..ni t
'^'' 'loniinalps ov, r th.. pla-i,>.la
■am.
n.
'lotifp n,,f
plagioclasp i
'la^p ill am. .lint.
?al'hr.v
IS
i.s easpiiflalh
an inizon.d lal
■^IK'cinipn N'n.
lower C(.ntai-t. is
■^pe.'itn.n N'l
ok, tl
loiijrh li:;!:
ira.lioitc ■'oinpwlint s,,!,.
Ken fift.f.ii feet fr
II very similar rock
in which
T.linate t.. the orth.
nam. d
tl
le .rder
■"'Pos,..| of hnriihlend
or in coh.nr than eith. r N*
'on, th(> u
pper cont.iet.
1
of .le
.|iiarf/. ..rtho.^lnsc
Pesniialite and much hiotite
essentials are all
poikilit
'erea-iiip al.uii.lanc.-. Tl
t!ie latt.T in Miial!
ul
NV
andfV!
.iripi; iiiclii.l
ine.
le inicro-
stnicture i.s quite eonfn^ed
i'' with mutual
i'lterr'eiu'trati.
ii~-eniinafe<I foil,^. Th.
•n* aiul enelo-iiro.-. Th.^
ii— 1.'
M« i>if\i!i\ii\i 1,1 I III. i\rniii>n
2 GEORGE V . A. 1912
All tiMv.. ,,H..-i,n.>.,. ,„., ,.,., ,>...l, „„, ,|„.|,. .|.,„.i,|... „,, 1^. . ,j
.-.,hh,..U,„„ „io„K .1,.. „„,..r , Mt...... 11,.. n„,„,.,iv,. .,H...i,i,. ,.:,.vi,i,. .„•,.:
\o. 3. n fret bolrw iipjier "onfiut , .,,
\.>. I. 480 •• «••»>
, ,1072
l.iui.'i r.iitnit. ,•,()() f,.,,t b. Irw upiw, loiitact.
M<l\ II, N||,|,s
rw„:,rk;,M,. n,nat„„K ,„ . ,.,„,,„-iii„M. . Fi«ur... I:! ,.,.1 It- I'l.,,- '", )
Son,.. .v,.„r. ,.u'o tlh. uri-r |,„l.|:-l„.,| ,„■„ p„,H.,-. ,l,.,.ili,„ ,|„. '^,1
(fraphy „t ll,,- mlt,. „ „„„ |,|„..„ .,(■ „„.„, .m, , .,.,
«- ...-^ ..n .i,.M u,„.N ,•„,.„,. on), „ A,w ,,.,. i„ „;;. ^ Z
'■";, ''"■,?,"""•'" ■•' ""- I'-rti-Mlnr «....(!„„ ,v,,, „.., f„l|v .p.^r-
...dho ,.„I|„.. ,m] new p...rn,n,,,ln,. MK.t. rial at point, al.,„.^ ,l„. I;„„„.la,.v ,11,"
as .I.>,.nnto,n,y tho writ,,-. Tlu. ..l.a,-,.... of , , ; ,„ „„„ 'J^^
ho n,ntrm m ham «.,„...I to ,.nrro|,ora,.. tl,o „ n.rai ,.o,„.l„.io„ f tho
wrn,Tan,!thotwop„l,li,.,,tio,K al.ov.. ,.„.„tion,.,l won. i^-u,,!
_ Thu.^ m 190,-. an.i P.m.;. ,1,o writ..,- Loliov...! tl,at tho i„t,„-lvo ,„ok. .Mour-
nn^on th. _ ,vos,..,.„ -lope of Mo,io ,no„„tai„ f^.-thor fon„ a .in.lo -il. aho t
-^CfX) f«.t ,n fhtcknos.. S,,.], wa. hi. b..liof at tho timo when tho present
roport was .ent m for publi-atfoM. I„ 1010. Mr. St„arf J. So .fioM was
'•..n„mss.one,l by xho. l)i,e..tor of tho Do.ninion CeoloRioal Sunov o nX
M K...l...,-a .tu.Iy of tho P.uvoll ,an.o. A, ,l,o witor"- ,v„„o-t -7 S , .M
ox..,„,no,l tho seofon of Moyio , ,„.i„ „ „„ Ho„„,la,v sh.i,. Ho , ,
hat the ,.n .ous rook, ot tho wo-torn ^lopo roally oo.npo-o throo ^ilN. -opara
h.v ,tel,o„or .,nartz,to. Ho al.o fo,„„| two thinnor sill, on tbo ..a:,on ,
of the inountam ami ,n tbn ...mo I?o,-.„.lary-lino .ootinn „., arou
nntor «a- not ahlo to travor-o ,n I!.(>4. In I'.UI Mr. SolmtioM ^n,i.|o,l
IlK
to hi
profilo of tl)
various cniitiicts, all of whicl
o tnoiintaiii. 1!
-moo li(04 aiKJ t
which woro «'(.n to )i<
It foro<t tin.- hail oli.aro.I t
otly
the
the writer
■at(.(l in his
after
iiTo oan now
?oril.o,l. Tl
littl
llolllit a:
10 writor"- -inocro thank-
oan.ful. otiiciont fiold-woik on thi- .irob
10 ixp.isiiro> M.mowhat
to thi^ -IrMotiiral r<lation- horo-
iro .liio to .\rr, SohoHoM for his
tho
Tho rolations
writor.
n
'"■'■•.''"■"■'''"■'■• """• "'M'lox tlian ua- forniorly holiov,,! I,
owovor. It may
-tati
in aihanco that tho t
liooroti.
•American Journal of Scioncp. Vol. 20 190.1 r, iw. r„ * 1 t^
GeburfstagP .on Harry R«-Pnb„ll S? »,„.;. f.-iw?' '^A,/'^-*^'^'"-'ft
lospiibusch. StuttKiut, IMl^'p. 26.'i.
zum sit'hzig-ten
ftl.ruif, .„ nil ,1,11.1 i>n!>.s..Mi^-
-ESSIONAL PAPER No, 25j
•ai-iutu |.iil)li<lMMl in ;iH).-, ,|,,,| i;,,,,
aav
•""■■: "-^—>.., .•.iH.n,,,,:;,;i'',,'''im;:: :,;'''■•• :'"- "--
■"TV ,m|».rtm,t ,,f ,|„. ,„., .||'. „„ ,1, , ' '' '"'"■''' " " "i-
th- part, b.-t •..","-. The '7 ll'"*""f ■■'-'"I l.luck
interval i- .--K. f,.,.t .-S...!.. I • ili,,;.,'""" ""•""""'■ '■".i-h;.
I'T Convi-Ilit>Ili-c. ihc- live m'll< , (■ \I •
\>y th,> lett-rs. A. B. (.. „ ;,„," K '',•;•■ ";'""!'-'' -ill 1- .li-.inK.nM,.,l
tn-ghe-t. E the l„we.t in tlu^, /^s v ' ^';:'"^"-""''" "-••1-. wi.i. A tl-
C. D^^and K ..o.r..,...,, ,„ .li; ivh.,. ' ..'.t' -in 'Vd. "T ,^ '' /" ""■^" ^'"^•
Of the five .ill.. R i, th^ „nlv on „i , '■'•"■/!"'•■ ■'"'I HW pnp,.,^.
iii-vul. n — 1-,,1
present p!,a,nl vnriafi..,,. of notal,' ohn
racter.
asM
I'fi'uttUKyr nf nif: istkrior
2 QEORQE v., A. 1912
With the fldition of one tvo,. .I,,. I, t ,• ^i.
MOril MOUNiaiN
"I,,,,:,,. "7;;;;." ^:iu';r:,i;;i"i:i:;: t.,;!i;; ,;!•;:;•-'";■ ;'•■•""•'•■ •-.«. .„„,„„..
llnii'- -Ih HM "" "•.hlliitf |.|«ii,., ,,f ,1... ,|i.artzil.- ,i,„| r,.i.lt
beifi'iiiiiiir with the nm^f i.^;,! „
.n.l f.Tr,„n„K..osi.n ..„.■ m M„.t L.ll ""' I "' ",'"1"'*' "'■"' "'" '"" » »>«'!'
'«"""!„. „,., nt of ,.,■ r^. . •:^ r ,;'^''''"''.'ir;' ''^nM.,,,!. ^ahhr... Th,
J" silK A. C. an.i I) th. intm-iw P„.k f,.,
chief .•o„.stit„e.,t is . l.iotite ^ranit..'
than thr dpt^p jfc,
meiliiim. Very of
eoiitiniiify of the n,ck
■|'hi..
nil.- .!i-tiii.'tlv
.■i'mI /oil,
Til.
H 1.^ a ifru.v HH-k, ,i„„.h lidit.T in tint
''" ^f'l^hro ri'latr •>() Tho ,„. .•
mcliuMi. Very oft.,, r,„„i,li.sh ^rai.^ of l,l„ I. 1 " ' "'"" ■'"'■•■ '"'"'' '"
Hoet. to ^ra.luat., i„ .i,., ,„ , Ij " ''"?'' '" ^' "^ '^'"■""' '^"V" a*' tluy were
from th.^ .ill-..o„ta,'L. •"' '''""'^^ "' ''"^"•'^'"' (x.tiolith,) .hnttero,!
ii"u.?""/l^i,to;;;::i''e;.H:;-!;r ';;:;, "^ '!'- --r^ --^ the appn.i.„ate
point, in the -e.tion foil™ L '^ t^i'^i^^'I'^/'^'T';/- -" '' .'t thr.v
d.scriho,!. They wre .■.,II..,.f.V ,t r In r 7l "^ ""' ">"•"""'... will 1,..
"Pp.r ,.o,ita,.t uitli the ,„iu;,;i,„ '^' ^'"•'•"^"'•^ ''• *'■ «•"! .'O f.,., f,„„, „,..
what',:;:;r:z/it"etL':;r ,11.::^^-"' " •■-'- -• ---^i.^^
Sra.v .ratiit... I„ „ii„ .oci! it Tn T ^ :;''''''"''"'" -^ " '""^' '■'^^"'"'-
morphie granular stnmtur.. .po ali-.a Iv lev 1„?«^ "•■''"'"'"""""■ "'"' ^' ''>'"'''' -
Th.. or.vstalli.atlon is ronf„..d , ' f- "1 """'■' '"'" "^ *''" ^'•''•'"'"■
ortho,.lase, uIi.,,Hus. - ,1 „ . ^ ' : •- "'"■ ""'■^"'"-"'-'i'^'- "nVn,H«rthi,..
magnetite, a litth- ti aai e „', 1 it" " '^ • '^' '"'■'''"T ""•''"'" 'i'-'if-on-
.ircons. Tt. -ha-a,.,. :•;,':■;::;;: tT*"'^ "' "'""^ '^"-^ ^^^'-^
normally |...l,.n-h!
iL' t'
I'l Mt '.'I
<:;i?.i:^ic:'-^.l»»^.'^i:i.t^ e;^:;
^^«Q^*lg:'^ .^r^Jl,;
&
^^.'. w j;
iirroRi or thk r„iy.F AsTmsmiER
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Tlio clionii.-.il aiiiilysi- „f tlir r,
A Stl. , Ijr jpiitMT
ii'ivaneo.l i,,., ,,;. „ ,
iii-'ffrpgatp. ,r ,,ia,,,,.
due to Dl:i, ; '■,;;, .^■
how- till.
220
mi.'ii to be
th
pliii
•f th,-
till
■' ■. a~ oi th,. ,,tli.
iol.KlM,? whirl, ar.- UMKlil
■ ao. i ami ,„us,.„vi„.. Thi, ,.l,oratio„ i. hHirv.-.
--'ri''"--" -'i^-'-tn::';:^^^^ -"-^ '
;.; ..^ ::i::i;:::,;^l:; ,r-;;'t;jrrr';:.r:'-;f-' ,■-
pari. .,, ,»„„„„ „ii ,i„ „,,;!: ',;' ''r "':',■"'"■' ■'"■ '»'■* -' »"-
« w,i ,„„; ,i„ ,»,„,;,,',,,■;"■ '''^■"" 'r"'-" <^- »»i.w„ „,i
•i''i'l ru,-k. i^ thf-
I Willi .l.wt-likc
to he
■xi.uUi,.ii ,,f v;ii...iir.
pro-
Th.>
riir<-i iind
the I'll, niii':)l
^Pf'iilii II No.
Anahi.^is nf (Irani/,- /Pha<r I) ,.f M,„,
PiO.
T:() ' ■■
Ai.d,.. .. ■ "
FeO,.. .
Feb.. ..
MnO.. .. .' " ■
Mko v.
I'aO..
NaO.. .. ■ ■■
K.O ■. ■■
n.O at 110° c. '
• 1,0 above IIO°('
I'O,.. .
CO,. ■ ■■
'■" .'^;7/.v.
71.69
•5!)
13-29
•83
4-23
•(19
12S
1-66
2^t8
2^37
•U
rai
•07
•IS
100-16
\f..i.
1 19.^.
•00,5
•1.30
•006
•O.iS
•001
•iffl;
•ft30
•04O
■02,')
most pviilont
Sp. gr. . . , ,
TL- 1 . ', ", (corrected value). 2^7.33
Th. rock .3 clenrl.v an unusual t.vpe of l,io,i,o pran t- T , o „, ~,
pecul.ant.v ,s the low total for the alkalies • it aprorrh w ,' ,1 , ^^ ," „
proportion of fpKlspar pre.put \otwltl T,' V i u "^ relatively .small
the sili..a pen.pntagP isTppt ow h • T p ^ ' «^■-'n.lanPe of frep ,„art..
po..t,on pav,. the following re-ult in woi.ht, pl-r" ,1..; - """-•■''"«■'•"' -m-
Quartz • i~ ■
Sodiferous orthoclase ■♦1-6
Biotite S2^5
Mucoovit© '.' 15^2
Microperthite.. .'.'.' 4-6
Oligoclase S^9
Magnetite 10
Apatite 1^0
2
looe
..%^J.
230
i>Fi'\fiiMi:\T or Tin: imihiui;
m
m
-i^.^.- K'
2 GEORGE v.. A. 19- :)
Quartz
Orthoclase. .
Albito ■.." '■
Anorthite.. ..
Corundum.. .. ....
Hypersthene.. ....".."
MaRnetite '. .'.
Ilmenite. . ..
HO and CO, .".." "
13.90
20-96
7.23
3-9«
9-2:
M(i
1-21
1-M
99.43
..nail isolat<.,l an., f , i, ,;::';™"'":' "'^'l'"— r.lu.-.ran„larV witl.
The dieinical aualv^i^ l,v iv,*' niff,.;,.l, „f t>i > •
as follows:- ' "" '' "^ ^ ''^'*'^ - l^-Pe<MM,en N'o. 11:1*, ;,
AHulmi. of (,nn,;ir , p/,„,, >, of Mo,,:- .^■ill...
SiO,
TiO
Al.O
ye.0,.. .. " "
FeO
MnO
MgO
CaC. ..
Na.O.. .
K,0
H,0 at no°C.. .
H.O above 110^0. .
P,0,
CO,
Sp. gr.
7242
-68
10*7
•83
5-50
■16
•11
2^.t3
1'93
294
•06
Ml
•11
•61
99.76
2-728
Mol.
1.307
•009
•103
•005
•076
■002
•010
■MA
•031
•031
-001
•OU
The corrf.3,„,n(;ii,p- mineral (■o,„j>,„iti,-,„ in w.-iuht „.. -„,.,..
detenuined by „p,i,.a] ,ne„n^. th„.:- ^ 1" n ..„laK,.s wa^ r.-.ui;!uy
<il:m'
iti I'oin nr nil , mii i.-n.;.\,,\ii:it
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
(,»uaitz
Soda-orthixliisi
Biotitp
*>lij;<ieInso.. ..
^^nBlll■tite.. .,
Apiititc. .
<'al'-ite.. ..
160
29. 1
■.nj'O
l.i
•5
•4
1000
231
f til, iilkali,-.
t ^iluiiiiiiii iiidiiMr.' ili^it
Tl,- hli^U ,,r..|,„ni,,„ ,,t ,|,K,n/. tl„. v,.,, ! ... ,„,•,,.„.,
yet lowor tlun. iu I'l,ns,. I. ,„■,! ,h,. I,.u- ,.,.,•..,.„, „.'. „,■ '
;.i;,::|^;:'i-Tr';:;,i';-;:;tr::t,ri:;l:rT:,'t;:^^
ImviU;; !;. 11-111 : -
Qllaltz.. ..
<li thoclase. .
Albite
AiiMrtliiti'..
''"ninduin. .
llj-ptlstlu'lU'.
Ilmcnitp.. ..
Mauiii'tite..
Apatite.. ..
<-aI.it,'..
HO
42-30
I7-L't
1«-L'4
7-78
1-30
9-I5
l-si;
1-16
-.31
l-(0
M7
99.71
UIIIISl
2 l.ut
Mltilil-
■ nin, ,.„• -,,l,i-a,,r lu,~ ,.., ,,-,-, iv,.,i . .li-,,,,,-, ik„„.- i„ ,)„- -,-„
'■""'■'"■'' ^" th- p„i,it :,i> tV..-t ir.m, tim ,„,iK..r .sill- ,a.-t.
VV/.i,~v
Jt
';i> ii.-:irl.v tao -nm,. (|ii:i|itiitiv,- ,-(.inp...-lti,.„ a. I>1,.,„
'■■'..•tn,-.- ,- ,,„„-,. liko tlpit ..f I'hi,,,. ,. I,,.,-,.,. ,„-,.,„i,Ilv till,, „,'■ .
w...... .■..v::,^:::7;,;:n;i:;:;;r;:;,,;;:;:;; • ' -- -- --^..
VllaltZ
><„lit',-i,,ii. (iitlioi la-
Biotite
Muscovite
t'alcite
Magnetite
'Migoclaw ..
I, i- I'Ifiir tl:
.17- 1
8-9
.3-2
2-.i
1-1'
l-.>
100-0
lar th, 1-,. i, „„ti,i,l,. viiriari,,,, f,, ,i„. ,.,„„|.,-i,i,.n ,,f ,1,,- l,i.„it,
granite zone a.s represente<l in Pha-e^ 1 o „,,,, o J,, „^ '" '"'" '
inerea- in acidi-y i,. the .„n.- fi-oi,. ah,,;; Z'ULL i '^'^""''''^' ''^"'"'"
1? Ill r,-ality irroffiihirly -tn nki
tnrtllitllll-.
Pon„.„ ., the tninend and oxide cot.tituen.. ' Whal^ '^hV e::;:; 'I
J
-•»,«
':3^'l
aaa
OF.PMiTMFAT or TIIF ISTKRinR
''f!\''""'tl
ri^^3
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
magma was not homoponcni. nt tlio t;,„„ .f •. ,■ ,-. .
doubtless to ho rolat;,! th" c nf, , ' *"'"^'fi'^-''<"'"- To tlmt fact Js
. . tiau>,i th, confi.siMi, rapid rr.vstalUzntioi, of tho
mineral oonstitueiits.
c^^smtial
ABXonMAL HORNBLK.NDE-BIOTITE ORAMTE.
The hiotite pranite of sill P i . i
babit, with hornblendo a.Mod to tlir lilt V ""•'?' '"'" ''' '''''^ °^ '''"""
Th.. amphibole resembles hat f , '\ ''"T"""' '•-"■'''"'^"•ts rPhase 4).
The structure of tl.is In , on lo-l it''"f " ■?' 'T"""" "^ '^"^ ^-urcvll sills.
en.lv irregularlv from tho ;;:,t',rH;; 1 /•'?""" T?'''"'^ ■""' "''^"-
top zone of sill I) ,3 comp.wod < f ^ho, . '>''"'''™>orpl„c-pran„lar. The
has been made of it. Th^ specific Lav vf" "^""- "^'^ '^'"^'"'■'■^'' ''""'■-''«
I'einp slightly greater than Tt'J'Zt " ^^^r""" /.'■"™ ^■" ^ '^ 2.766,
».r.ij.c i..r the overlvmp biotite cranifp.
l.NfERMEDUTE nOCK TYPE
oonibines features of .ranito n , ^ .l" (Ph^rr.T"';;"'' *•' "/'""^ ^■'-''
directly transitional into the domin.nt 1, 1 1 ;,;, ^* "' '" ^'"'t- ^ rock
illustrating this intorn,edl,;r rock w l*^:', '",;f ' " P"^.'"" -"- ^ specimen
^:pper contact of sill C, and has Wen 'InaWl " '"'"' -"' ^^"^ '-I^-- 'hn
. a &-""i^;?^;n:r r-kif ti^t,r^ir^^- °^ ^'- -'^- ^^
'^:^ S- i-lnT^S. ^'^^^^ ~"-^^^^^^^
and epidote. The structure of the rock i inrn ' " I ), V ,• "' '"''''"' '^''°'>"
but local areas of micropegmatite at c:ro: KTi'o ""'''^''^"■^•^^""'-•
the flfi::?;? ^utl" ^"^^ "'«- ^^^-'•-" ^'^- "4^ brProf. ninrich gave
Analysis of Intermediate Rod- (Phase 5) of Moyie S:JU
SiO,
TiO, ■ ■■
A1,0
F*,o, : ;;.;
FeO
MnO.. .. ■■ ■■
M(tO •• •
CaO
Na,0 ■;.••..
K,0
H,0 at nO«C.. '.'
H,0 above IIO'^C.
P,0
CO,
Sp. gr.
.(corrected value).
52-63
■62
16-76
2-86
10-74
•38
4-i3
6-17
1-41
2-29
•12
1-17
•33
•10
99-91
2-9M
Mol.
•877
-008
■165
•018
■149
•006
•lOS
•no
•023
■024
•002
W.VOATO///// <7//,,- ,>//,„Vo./A7,- 233
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Tlie qimiititalive mineni] .•„iiinn fti „ i ■ .
mined (ortliclaH" m, f '-^■" ' ""I'"- """ I'.v ".-,^1,1 ,,..,v,.„ia_', . „:„ ,1,,,,.^.
Hornblende
Biolite.. ..
Ande^ine. .
Quartz.. ..
■Apatite.. .. "
MnBn.tit(.. ..
19- (
2J-0
lti.5
11-7
•■f
•1
IflOO
th
T}i,
il'iiiidniit liiotiti' Mnii .iniit, „ 1- . I • ,
.\ot tlie Ion f(>Id.<iiar cutont torbid- ,,„,• „I-i,.;„,r ,l,;. , i • '
Like l.otii the ..al.br,, -.n,! tl, • ' '■'""" ""* rock van.iy „, tli.i
IM the .Norm .■lassitirntio.i the ii.trrme.liit.. rm-l- ,„
"rder. austrare, n-ith ,},. f.'.ll„win;j i,„nn : -^
rtweeii
' a|i[)ears
"■niically
diiiritcs;
' f:i!iiiiy.
' a- yit
diisaiaiie
Onartz
Orthoclasf.. '.'
Albit<.
Anortliite.. ..
Corundum.. .
Hyp«rsthenc . .
Ilmenite
Magnetite. . .
.\patite.. ..
H,0 and CO,
At tlie I'eip.udic-.ilar (iKstaiirf ,.t j^n u., t ir,„„ tiu
another speeinten of the i„ter,„o,liat,. .o.-k ua. ,.
weight perce^tape. (mode):—
Hornblende..
Quartz
Andesinp. .
Biotite '.'. ■'. ■;
Sodiferous orthoclase.
Titanite
!>
IT
12
28
1
26
I
4
72
•■■Jt
■O;-)
■63
•53
•51
■22
•18
•62
39
9919
■wer , ,,ufacl of -ill K,
It ujivc 111. f..Il,,i\viiip
42^<»
22^8
18^5
6^6
5-5
3-7
100-0
ABX0RJ1.\L HORNBLK.NDE GtBBRO
in une>:.iontial
-™.„.„Jj..;S,?t::,S-:;;!:-,St:t
I*
234 f>ni-iiti\ir\i nr rut: iXTEffiun
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
<Ietails Th,. ,-„n..,.::,,. ,io-,.ri,,ti„n .,( ,|,.. ,,-Mal ^al,|,r,. will .,,111,.,.. „No, f,„.
inr.st of llip funic- r.K-k ni lli, „• M,,.vi,. mIU.
Yc-t .Mi,.r,.s,.„pi,. .n,l ,.i„.,ni,..l ,tn,|,v „f ,1,.. l,„v,,- i„l,.n,al .„„.■ „( ,.„„„„.,
, fa.e of ..ontnot. In ,M,u.r„.,.o,.;<- .,.p-an,n-. ,„„1 i,.,on, 1 s,r,u.,„r.. i, i
o nu,rko, l.v , h,lo,.„t fro,„ ,1,., ,.„„, ,,,,,„„. t1,.. os..„n.l , ,.,,1. „ .. In -
n.t.tP. /oiMt... kn„ln„ ,„„1 niu.h .hlorit,. are tlio -.roM.Inn .tlt,„.„t-
.b/a^/.v/.v of (.nl.l.ro (flauo 7) of Moi/ic SUh.
SiQ, '^'•'•
TiO','.". '.'. ■ 5294 .882
A1,0,-. .. ■'■'' •*»(•
Fo,d... .. l»-22 -I.TO
FeO.. 2 08 .OKI
MiiO.. Hll .11.)
MrO.. •3i -OO:)
CaO.. . 6'9« •ir,-)
Na.O.. lO-fli .19.1
K,0 l-'O •021
ITjO at llO^C. •''' •'"'■>
n,0 al«)ve UO'^C . ,'!-!
I'.a, i-^
08 .001
9999
•^ '' 2.980
I> lOll'iWS !
Hoi'ublende
Labradorite "**
Chlorite 2.i.«
l.liuirtz '1-0
Titanite '.'.'.■.'.'..'.■. ^'^
Magnetite . .. ^'''
1000
On aerouiit nf .-:unio alt'
fiiisruisli with ceitaiiitv th.>
aci'ordiiigly. liccn entered
ration in the rorU. i
.11
t wa> t'oun.i .litti<'i,lt t.
"i^'ll am.Mint of alkalin,. foM^par; whirli 1,,
in th.- total t..r lahrad
• — r- ^ U-
.''ii \'>\. II (.. -J.'Jl.
if*
r5"'
/.•//'../,'/ nl- nil run I l>//,-..\ol///,' ^3.-
SESSlONAL PAPER No. 25a
III" Oiiloiiliiti'.I norm 1-:
'^ii.iriz
Orthoclase.. .. *••»"
Aibit.. •.••:»
MiMlhitP I2W
IlviKTMllicnp. 3*m.
l>i<>psiai>. SM-*
M.-iKiipt to. . 18-44*
Ilnii-nito .''•(KJ
A|pntite.. l'3ti
\Vi -er.. ..■ ', 31
i t«
lOO-ftl
r„.."''",h'r'^.,'rl"""~ '■■/"• '"■':'"'' "■"" •■'■ "'■ '- >" --an^7^.,..,l..i,.
r.iiu . , nil. -alli-iiiiiii.' ■■riU-r. v.inliin'.
A-
i!K~r.MK OK l'l.i:'iii;|iM.iiY.
<liff.T.-nr |.lu,-t- Ikiv,. U,.„ a-«.nil.|,,| i„ JM,- X I ;„„1 X||.
I i
H,,int.l.r..l,.
r.iiptit*-
Liil»i';i(l('rit»'. . ,
Aiiiltsiniv .
<)li»r.*lu>.-
SiK)al»ariiitt ..rtliiicia-.-.
.Miorcii»rtliltH.
'Quartz..
Miison it'-
Ajiiitit.-
Titaiiiti'
MiiKDi'titf or iliiii'iiilc
Chloriti-
Caliite
-■- i § ■ : ■■ i r i' -, ■ ii -
~ 1 ^ i S ' fc^ '
15* rJ:i
.">N : -llH 41(4 l-J ■.! Hi,.
:ii .s 2:,(i
1 4
II II
n; "1 IS 5
■ . ; l'^' \ :< I II
■' ■' -' ■< 24 !l aiM x^ :,
" ' — " •ii a ■ .1, I 11; II )i 1;
•3 i
.'f •'
I «
"a':
. . .
,>
1 •.'
I !1
' 2'r."
r,
4
1
Si^citio i?rii\ ity ,
The total is Km n in ,..^.1, ^.;,^_
2 '.cm oj,,s,j 2 '.I.-.4 2 H4-.>
2 7.-1 » a 72^ L> :3;<
J
s^.viiI-l'V Vmf
ase
hi r\in\n\r -a /•/// i\ii lani;
2 GEORGE v., A. I9t2
."Mil
Tin"
.\l 1)
Kf ( »
K.O
.Mnn
.Miri>
( '.i( I
K,.r»
II, (» at lill (■
H.jO litMivi- Il'i"C
CO,
:ni'7>
f =
it
(
if
^ 31
1:
4 '
j; -
5 ~
'^2
=
?■*
2 * =
C t
!^~ "
■■1 !C'
'■■J 111
."i^ it.\
<t
7:1
II I.I
u -.i;
111 7i.
1' U~
•J (IK
■J ■*•<
'■' !»■_»
« 11
1" 7 1
II
.i;,
.'N
It :l!l
1 ;i;i
11 ■<..
III HL'
1. 17
1 :i,s
1 III
1 II
47
III
4:i
- L^l
1 ii7
1 -,i;
IL'
1 17
III
ON
Xi
in;
10
•Ml IW
^•11 ill
i3
■-i
^ Z
- i
, -I
1 i
^ ^
^ j s
^7 a
£
x'
7-' i:'
71 illi
l,M
Ml
III 17
I.I L"t
■i.t
n:i
.'• Trfi
1 ■j:i
|i;
Oil
II
1 w
■_' ."i,'i
1 IKi
1 ;i:i
•J <H
■J ill
:' :i7
in.
14
1 11
1 ;ti
II
U7
lit
l.l
'.111 ;
100 It;
to i^dioite Zt U UK. ; "' " '° ^","'"^ "''"'''■ ^' "''"■ '■'""''!"^
each .,f fou o o • "i' H r.,7";r"""' '•''"'"■V"^"' '»>'' --'^-— -^ in
ESSENTIAL n ATI HK;s OF THE DIFFERENT SILLS.
Bo,n„lao Ish. '" "'^"^ "'"'•'' "^""°^' '''^''''•'•^ i" '^^ ""^ "f the
■\'*i"*
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Tab,.. Xrn.-.s7,.„„„ ,,,, ,, ^,.,,,,^,^ ^,^^^^^^^ ^^_^ ^^_^^_^ ^^^^^^
387
."^lll.. Itllrk- K.»k / .,.
uinui-i III tliii'klii S.I .
'•••■I- .11 Utt.
''hurilrt. r ..f r,,
-|.rit„
kfr!»>i!i>-« .i|
IKII'«.>|.
.\. i;r,
I), ;u)
('. .VKt
llHI
.Hi
ll<<
I). In.Vl
K. a»(
:i;.ii
750
■>IikIi'Iv .i.mIi»,..| tf.il.l,,,,
'iu.itu.:!,
l"«wlKi.l.l,r.,,.| r,„c.lU,|i.
Ji'.'t.i. u-i .,„n. ,-,.|,.,.,„„.|„. , ^, o -.._., .r;
i.K. ,„.„.. . k •^: . ; ;'"■' ""•"-■■n. ..'r. -j n •.. h,
i;.,i,i„.. • - ■i""i""". -!■ v.'i 1' '.I. ,,n.i ;t ,»,
[''"■"'•l-'"l''""'it. K'lKliit.
'"I" 'Ii^.t. ,..k
(i.il.l,rM
."ill
'- i'.'uart/it.-
Ini>-iiiiri|i.iti- r,«.k
'i.ll'ljl-., Umtu.hI,;,! in., Ill, .,,,(,
\''wrt/il,. .iKr,,,t tl,R'kn,"-7
:; :i;i
L' '.» ■
■J r:i
- ''7
This . the ,.K. ,.;,:, „::"";,;:-.;:,, : ::;;^ ,:;.r ,"'--" »;•;-" ^i".
of ,.,^. .hi,.h „„. .,p:.,K. ,;m;.:S :.:'';:,:,' r" ;■'■'■'■' -'■'': ^' '^'^-
lower part of ihf. nn«! h„,l „ I . , . "' '^""'^ "f o-iart/itc Tli.-
aau
/</ iMtl til \ / ,,/ ///, M ,/ /.•/«/.•
2 GEORGE V . A qi?
,., ['•^•;;: "" " ■- •' •■•■"•-• i i ■''■ .i-Mrf.h. ui,i. .,,ii,.. v, j:. w ^ ,i„.
:>- J^n!:u!"Z'': ?,"' : '• '^ ^V '"^ ' '" ""' " '■">"- -'i-
. " "'"' "" ""■ "''K-ii f I i,..rtliri,.nl,».-t ..f ih.- .i„„,„,t ,f fl„
:; """"• ",":'■• '1'^' "f "..■ ..n.,l,v-.l M.-m,..,.. «,.,.. ,„l|...,..,i -IK
nir
ll.
fiO-t,,,, .„,.. .t ,n„n„..l,al.. r..l. ..v.rlvi,,. ,1„. ,,.,.,,„„ „,„„ ,..■ „ ,,,
VUV.;,}\ lmI.I,,-., .,, ,1,.. |,..,,.„„ ,,|- ti„ -,ll. ■ '
>iii' 'ill i:.\.K.
S,ll I) i, ,,.,.,|y ,.,,,„,
I M'lii't/iti u ill, -frik.- \
.1 i> iH,,.K, ^,,,,.., ,,| ,,.t, r„„.,||.,,,. rn.k ail, „. rill. 1.11.1,
I.. ■■ .nun.,. I I.. „„„.„„ I ,.„„,.„,_,,.„ „„ ,,„.,, , .'
,' " ■'■'■"■.7''""^^ n- .l.-.u- I,. ,!„. ,i,M ,1m, Hi, „„.,| ,i,i„, . „.,
n\.. iih.r. :i,.|,| /on,., w.,-- hill.. iii..r.' (ii..ii |(Ni i',, ,
• ."■■;"'"• -i'l^ "-""i !■: -^> i-n.i ..r.p.ir-^i,.. ,..,i,„:i„..i:,. „i„„„ :.„ ,„,.,
Ill ihl.Ull,.--; IN ,,,||„. i, .\, ;;,) ^ ,,,„| ,j.|_ ,.„ ,, ^. ,,,
' """ '■■"'■"'■' ''^ "'■ "'•■•■■' '• '1'-" ■ — i M,,.-, |,r,.l,,,l.!.. till, ,1,..
-•''''■"•" - ;M"-.-.i HI .1,, ..,, an.l I, ,„.,„ ,„■ tl.,. ,r..i.t ,.hi. -1,.,.,. n. I
hi, ..no ,,. ,,,u.,.nu. latj. ....K. ,1... „ , ,.,• .,,;,., ,,... „„ ,,,„, ,,;,,.,^,.^^,., ^
lu.i /.ill,.. -Ii.u a uni.liiiil iniiiMtMii int.. .a,-ii ..til, r.
ii,v|.,,tli, sc- a- ,.. ,|
I'lllia-, oi- I III \, 1,1 ,.,! (^,,,i
/''■. /,,■,<-•,/ h:.,;l,„i„i;o„. .\iii..iijr „11 ,|„. ,,,„,., j^,
•^.riKin ,i| tlw uciil zones, tli.- wiiirr lia> Imvii f,,r,-..l t ..„.• , , "
-if-' !^ •■••r'i-> 'I- '■-.- .- -i': ti:'M,:i::' .:'%:::":„: ::;,t::
^.ll. rliN !„,,.,.,osi< l,.,„.r ,l,a,i any ., ,1,., „„,.,.. ,,,,„,. ^ i„, „ '
Mils, mui M.iiiia,- .,1,,.. i,i Mi,i,„.,,, „„, .„„„,„ , „.,.,^, .i,i„ii: , ;,
.-cneral Tl„. view :„l,.p,...l i,„.|,„,,., ,,,,„ ,„, ,„..„ ^.^,„,,,| „,;„,„,,'
.lifT,.r..,i ,an„„ ,h..,,,v; Tlio n,,',! .,.,.,. U ,1a r..l,,v .iv.,1 a- ,|,io , , i 1 '
t.on „n,I as,si,n,!i,t,o„ ,.f ,1,.. a-i-l ..,li,„,.„„. „.^..th,, .-itl, ,1,. .o^^ oof
nio-f of the as,irinL.t<-, ii,:,ti.r .,1 ..l..„„ .i,. , kkkhiioh ,,i
tcria! alon^- tlic iipiirr c,.ntii,>f.
■if
K.- V7 VNSl ' f 1.
siao
/■/ II, in ,,i nil riiiri t^ii.;.\„\iii-
SESSIONAL f'ACER No. 25a
/'V.-/ /•„,,.',„„ „/• 0„,,W;,>, „/ I-,,,,/, ,■ f .
«r»nit.. .„„.. ,.f -ill r ,. i,,,,,,,, ,„ , Z , ''/'""" ""■'• "'" «f"""l'»'vro-
:-t ... .xi...... „, .„ i::..r,i: .I';:,i - i!; /,;• '?• "'^"V"-: " "•'-
"7'^- '"t;-"''' ...i. ...nil, ,:;:„;;:"■ ,^ ;-
■ ;■■ '■:■<■■: I .i». ii... .:,l.;:;„,;.':i:;,r",;;:,;',; " '"'■ '•■ •<■ !•
;fr:.Cl..:r.;::;7;:v.,,,;i!!;/::\'!:r;t::''''"i^
llKHixaii-N (,t- (,-,., ], ,]■ ,, ■ ,. , '^ •" '" 'ii'li'-.'i.- il,r..u. ..(
-ii'"->-.. i,i, , j:i V ::,'':;•";' •''';''•''•'•■- "f ""■ i"tr,„ui
l-l'ifV. .\-. lll.lMr
■f la.-f.
*'""i'yi-i.M,.,„-„„„i,i>i,„u :„ ,i,i, ,„.,.,,•, I
111.. <-|..-,V,,u. ,,f,,„ f,,n^ ,!,>,. I, I ; I -
'-"iw— in n..;!,ii, ;:;;::;;:;;';;,:''■ ':,■■'"••' "-"' ■■'•■a-....
•• i-.i l.v ti,..
I.l.l-.l,,.„l if
If l.(. I,
r.>!ntivrly l.itc r|i
••l.-;u...| !■,
iTTf.i'i-r irn l'i
1 tJKlt ill. ,1
1!'^ Il:)
^llli'l..lll
■P.- III,. JM'n
-'|-.<til 111.! I„
'<■' II L.I-.:illy
n. II I'aii
hii-ily ,.1' f,,rrii ||,
111 li
ih ill
r'-lalMii .,(' ,liK,
ri'Int
■Wllm t'.iiilN |||„1 ,,ll,
■r .'Ih
iii.i'.'.ti- I l>. ,1'
.■lirijiv -li.av
tilt.'.l. ;in.
I mil .
ion 111' mIU full,
i.iiiliirv III
■■I l,.,.li.., of
:M -I,
I I I
iM
liornMi'iiij
■f til- Vnl
-(.(•IIIm! III'UIIIIK I
"•in;: lu-Miiitr-ii
I'l.iM. - ..f wraki
ir (■
r^i'li.r iliiin in li,,
l|. L'lllllll'n.
!ik nn.i M,
'Tiv. i| Ir..
.ilif'r;il..ui,.;,l|y :,ii.| . h
t':i-I tlliil lib
■,vii. riiti^
ii'llll'.llllv s..i-\ „j.,|
f.f
iini.n ,,( lin. M(.(iill
iiiinipdialcl.v b(.|nw the P
IV
That tiio-r
.or- ,.r i.fT-h. lif^ ,,f
.'!! I.
■If til,. Kit,-
i^r:n-. Chirkr.
:ir t.i th.-v sillH
■ii.r lurini. ,,„ ,,n.| ...luivnhnf
.111.1 T
:i\ii, nnil. iilmo-t witlii.iit
■''«1- r;iiip'- ,it hr
'ivc fiK-ics nf till' 1
lieiii
•■ii."!. rn ilikr, .iiul sill
iiini;ii .1 i-( pi-, -, , i j
question, represent
tl
the I
Villr.
IVa !S <\l)iiri<U-,\. :i^ ;|I„
ctnsanKiiinif.v. hut nl.<o by tii,. faet tl
ins M-|,i,-i lit til,
11 '111 wiilispn-ail lav.i |I,,i„|.
"iiti.ni[i.,rati
eons iiitrn-
'iireill J.ava horizon
r .M,
.vie, is )i
th.. S
've iviiiar!,.-,!. ,„,| ,,ii!y l,y tho Jith,
at ii.me of the format i.ms overl
>'ne
til,
poraneity ,if all f|
I'lwn 1(1 )i
i"PI>aril, Kiiitla, tiatewav, I'hillips, Roog
tlie oMer he,l< ,,f tli, |-
iiv(. !., . II ,.||t l,v ilik
k'illlla t'
riiiaiiMii. (
liriiinr) I'
1.
Iiese Piireell i
■r -ill,
I MltillL'. flll-tl
1 are yDiirp* r
iiT, the coiitem-
iiii'iits It l.illows that tl
th
iiva, .sliich i
the iiitni-i
" 'intani -ysteiii mIN with the ( MUlWc (
niinlly ,-,,iif,,n, ,|,1,. ,,, ,i„
am-
■yn.'liiial
II.. I'iKtirn r
inyes. wi r.
preal tl.
w. ,,f tl
at til, ,111
I''" hen rli, strata i.iy flat ami
i«. extru-n
Kit-1.
e. pi.^it-.Siv.
|. lNi\, I) ri,,
!i lavi
hv thi
240
in:i:\HTMt:\T of rm: istkrior
bul
Evidently iieitlier of tl
unci'
■ f
prolialiilitifs is
lie-c l«(i aiKiiments
by the Puicell sills I
iTtiiiiil
'II till
view r.f the perfect eoiil'i.rinit
laid <l
iiy nearly li„riz.,i]tul iis the thick hodi
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
i- c|iiite cuiicliisive, but the
f the iM'lief tliiit, the strata cut
own in
shallow water) it ■.\\ ,
ener formation wag not elevatc.l tl
total tliiekiiess of the Movie sill.-
i)f the M.
ie> were injected. In
lyie and Kitehen.-r formations (both
\xar< prr.hahle that the stirfa ,f the Kitch-
r represented in the
r'>ugh the full 2.0(iO f
it -leiiis more lik-ly that the 1
iderh
to make room
,1 Ml u • , ' ""'■■■ iiuui; iih.iy rii
the siil-horizon were .lown-warped nearly ,,r quite 1(100 feet
tor the sill magma.
^^.J,T''tt"■f '''" -^^"•"""■-'r''« l'.vpothe.i.s carries the se,^md assmuption
hat the frabbro.d n.a.Mua w.s. at the tinu. of iutruH„„. ho, euouH, and flu
enough to permit of the s..l,iti„n of a consich.,- ,1,1,. I , K. ,• , J"U nuid
diffusion of the dissolved material to ' p, i . ^t tI:' a" uu.:; '■
supported by the discovery of the .reat ho.Llu.tal ™t an u ,if rm t'J.ick'
ness of the mtrusive bodies; if ih,. maj:matie vis.-ositv h!, IK l ,"
body would have p,obal,,y assuu.ed th^rue ...Isi •:;? - 1^7 tJ;" tV^J
lacohtl,. Ihe extren,e lluidi.y of the Pureell Lava i. pried bv the g e^
wore (lut the e„i,teiriporatie..us mtruMve faei,.-; „f (|,.. ..,„„> l.„... .t, • » •
magma must have U^n highly „uid. Its ten,;;!:,.-,: ^a'" ' S:/': 3S
b.gher than that oi the extrusive and therefore so„u.what el le va d
I'omlly, whatever theory of the acid zones be adopted-wheti«er that of
pure d.tTeren ,at>on. of as-imilatiou. or of l„.,h- -the f,rc, i, ele f,-,,,' H^
fore^on,,. htholo.c.eal -le^eription. ,hat, t li,V„-i f ,i|i., , , ' . t,; ^
through the izabhro acluallv oe.-um.d on a lar... ,.,l , i ,i • -t .
could n.. have taken plaee un.ss t,u^;U:.:l'';;,;;;:^,:V,:^:L:,r J ■!-;;;;
degree of llmdity. ' "' or ,i nign
rh,-u,;rnl Coniparison of (Invnir and Infruih-.l S'-.hm.',.! - -\ third e--o»
more clearly indis^vn.,!.! n,i„n of ,he l„po,he-i- r.-l .,:s ,,;\^' !: ' "^
tion of the invaded sediments. One of the most „o,,.w,v,l,v ( l ""''"'
huge series of .onformnble strata in the (V^,;, ^ l.^^, '^ ^^rin'thr
9:tdS;^:y;Ldi-'^^
£ r .he^;;:;ror.,:^^
here repeated. Single beds typical of the Creston occur intorleaS In tlie
•A. C. Lr<n.>. J,,ur. Cnnndinn Mininp Institute, Vol. 9. I»6.
-rsssas-:. •'"■■?'5
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26a
Kitchenor and orcagionallv ni^tv I, 1-
In both series tl.e aver.^' r 2 '""' ."'.••■"■••"'"•'■'' '" "- froM,.,, series
a ooraposition essentially \-de',!.rv, '."T "T' ''*''"" ""^ ''">''" «'"^ '"'-^
Hence the che„„-e„I ana vsis o i, ' ' V 'T'f ''''■''"'' ""^'^"•!"••
ofthese.limentaopro„,, ,•,,;„,,,,,"',;''.'' Vk 'li"'"'' ■"''""'^ "'" ^""-"'itu.i,,,,
., Professor iJittrich Ls an ed . 1'''! ^ " "'" !'" '^''''••'"■"■'■
i".l08 to ,1„ westward of t"'' aIv " ;" '•'^n'^"''"'"" ■'"""''^""1 ^-'^'al
fine-f:ra,„ed to eo„,pne(. ami l,reai<, with ■ . l' .„, , '-.TT '"'"''• '"■'-''" *^''''>-
o.» nnj? under the hammer The Inn n ■'"'"' ^'"■""'"' "'"' '"''<'^-
from the eleavage-faees of mlnu^ fj^r? h""? '^u'''^ "^ ''■'^''* -fl-'«^
;."artz. A faint ureeni.l, hue " .Ive ,' , ./? T' l*""";'-^''' "" ''"'"■"'">'
rh.s ro.k ,.,.<.,n-s i„ c,,,,a, tl,icl<-Ml,t ' , ) '■' "'" ''i-'^'"inalr,l ,„!<...
from a n.otre to thrc^ n tr ir "or^'' ";;-^i "'" '"''"''"^'"^ '"''^ ^"""''":
~; in dark nUea and inrn^o.e ° .■ ^ M""", ?--''-"^- " notable
t'ons „f s-ilioi„„. metarjriiHte. "' ''"'•l«'r-'''>l"iirrd intereahi-
In thill section thi. characteri^H,. Pr,.*
^•<>mpo.ed of niiart.. felj.par and , , .-, 11 /''r','-'' " ^'"""' '" '"^ ^I'-lv
w.tf. such old sandstones Th! 1 ;.'/' "";"' '••'^■■'^' '" t>.e manner tisual
largely lost through static metflmorphsmTLf '" """'^''' ^™''"' '''■'•'' f'"""
-Ime. .n.croporthite. oh>, ch,.e, TndZMr'", /?''""? "' '"•thodase, micro-
museovite (possibly paragonite) „ T x "'" """" ''^ ^'''"''•^ --""l
occurring with sh;'edd.y. te ; ;i^t'"Th: h ^^r" ^r''"^^ '" "'"'- »'
'ho two miea.. Siibordi.iat. 'o,, tit ents nr , / ^- " '''^ '"°'« "^-^^ant of
-"n-ia.Uti,a„ifero,,sii:a.,io,i,o 1 f"l "'': t'tanue in anhedra. with less
. The eluinieal analvsi. T ble xiv pT^i^ 1 '''"^°'' ""'^ ^°'^'"'-
tion of alkalies, and ther..«itl *L f ^ ''""^' " "•■'"'''^- i"'-'li pronor-
.^fPecially of „. alMtl :r , '.h-r^ ^ ,:/ '^'^'''^'"'^''''^ ™-'''"Ss.
sihca m oombination. '" ''"'''« •''"'"' !•"' Kr rent of the
B-: :::::::: ;: ^^ ^^ 4 -^ "-
#:•::::::::::: ;| - "| ,„| „|
MnO.. ., .. •. '•« 3W 265 2.21 /«
Mgo ;: «3 .02 .07 :.fo *:\i
p-atno^c.: .:■■••■•• -i ^f ^^ S Sj
P'O- :■:.■:.•:.•;.■:. .oi ^ •«« •.:. 'is
^^ 1^ __; 09 .09
J^" "»-^ >««>6 "^3 ^:^
op. «r. (corrected) , . o.^c, „ ,.„. -—
2r.a -vol. ii_ic '*" -'^ 2.722 2-680 j.yso
■ L'>K'*^ms^^-'*ww;..i
^Sl
J
242
hii-Mn \ir\i nr nii: i\ii lai.i;
2 GEORGE V,. A, 1912
1. T.v,M- .|,rri,n,-M ..( Cv-r..,, .|M..n/iir. Ahal.v-t: l',.,,|\ Iiittrirl,
■-■ l.VIM' -porlMHM ,,f Kit.lHlHT >|U:U-t/.if,.. AlialvM: \t|- (',,M,l..v
-. Npp.-iin,.,, of Kit,-l„.,K-r .ii„..-tHt.- fp.M, r.w.u-, /,„„. M,,vi,. -ill C
Aiialy-t: I'lut'. I»ittri.li. '
t. AviTMiiv iif .•iiiiil.vsp- 1 iiinl -2.
5. Averngo of two annly^es uf biotlto prmiito in the AI,,vie »ill-
'ii"ui.r V „■„„, ,i„. „,,..,• ,.„„..,., „f ,i„. M„,vi,. .ill c. ,„„i ,1,1. -,„„.i„j ,;; .
SOM.s wln.t :,pp,.u. ,„ 1. ,|„. .v,.n,. ,n.i,. .l„.v,.. 1„.1„„, „ | ,„„„,.,,,„.
^;"- ",r, '";'"■'■ "'■"- ''''■''• ""■ ""■" ""ii-,1,.,1 -t.„:. i,..i„.. ,.,.,„.„;.;,
Th.. t!,in s,.,-tio„ ,]!.,.!.-,.. . fi,„..o,,,i,„.,l i„,,.H,„.kii,L. ,,i;-r. ..ntr ,,| „,,,■(/
.-nnn, ..o„,o„t,M w,tl, .l,„,„hnu .nnn- „f f..!,K,„, „„, ,„;,,, ^n,„ ,.,.,:
'; -" •^"- ;''";■■•"' '". I<^":''" ^""' """■'• - 1^">- l.r...ln,.,, ,lK,t 1, i- ,„„M ,ll,li,„l,
.» _.c,.un,t.> , tmnuu,,,,,,,. Only ,„„. ,„• ,„•„ ,,,,,,11 .,■„!„- ..xl,il,i, ,, ,lv-v,„l,.,|,.
twH,m„. „„,! ,l,e p,Tl,mi„„ry .„„lv .vf,.,-,-,.,! p,,.,.,i,..|,, ,„ „„. f,. Up,,,. ,, , ,.
irl.l.pnr .s ro.lly .lo,n,M,„„. Th,. „„„1vm, „„. „,„-, ,,,,,,-„,lv ,„.,,„,,.„.l ,],:.
>e,-on.l ,.,„„pMe dotorn,„„„i„„ of tl„. „lk„li,.. ,,.,,...;„, v,.,.-',. ..-Iv with ,1„.
.rs. S„pp ,.n„.„t,.ry op,!,.,] .t.uiv of ,i„. , U l,n. p„i,„o,l ,„ ,ho p,.„l i i ■
thn p,,,.,. ,,ll„to, „. wol! n. highly =o,lifo,.o„. orth,„.!a,n. i. p,.,.,.,,! Q Z
makes i>p by weight, 50 to 00 per rent of the rock, and fel.l.par fro,„ 05 to
■10 per o..„t. B.ot.to bo, I. fro.l, an.l chloritize.l i. the chief mica- .er cfte ,
t.t. apatite ,, o«- .trc,,,- „nd pyr>to .-rystnl. arc ,l,o vcn.aininjr co„.Tit„e„ts
The nnalvs.s ,s «,vcn in Table XIV. Col. 2. Col,,,,,,, 4 of ^he .an ' nbt
>how. tbo av..ra,o of C„U. 1 a,„I 2 a,„l n.ny be take,, a. nearly represcti,,! tt
a erape chenucal composition of the .p.artzite invaded by the Movie .ill«
Th.,„vera^e ,s ,0 be eontpa,'..,! witi, th:,t „f the t«-„ analyse, of bi bi.; ,e
grantte of the sills, represented in Col. ,. The peneral .in ilaritv o tlt^ wo
•■n-eraKes .. ,,,a„,fe.t._ Tbo.-e i. el,.,,,. ..be„,i,.al p.-o.f ,1,., ,!,<. ",',„?.. ro,"
on ot t'v el..n,e„ts ,n ,1,,. .ranit „1,1 bav.. b..,.„ ,l..,.;v,.d .lir^.-tlv l.v'.Vo,
in till' <i,iartzit<\ ' . ■ ' " "
The eonvietion a^ to .,„•!, n -,.,.,.„dary ori.i,, f,.,- ,1„. ^,,„i,,. ]„. ,,..^,,
enforee, by an exanunati,,,, „f ,l,e ex ,.p|,i,. ,.o,„.,.,..o„e nt the npper Ihnh
"L( I f J '" •"'■'"■•"''•■!'''"- '''■-"•>"•'• "f ^'f 1-i-t <■'<> foet f.on> the upper
>nrfaee of ,.ontaet the <p,a,.t..,te has l,een i„t..nMly „„.ta„,orph,...d, The ,', Ik
i._here v.treou. l,^ht,.ne,l i„ ,.olo,„.-ti„t, and -x,., ,.di,„.lv bard. Tnde,. he
n,,eroM.ope the ,.la.„c «t,.,„.t„,.e i. ,e,.n ,0 have totally di.appe„,vd. lllZ
talMzafon ,s the rnle. It ,ak<.s the for,,, „f poikilitie or n.rer„„.ap.,i.. inter-
ZTZ:1 '";".,• -'h. virions fel.lspar.. al„„g with ,l,e .b.v,.lop,n;„t' of a ,,2
nt_well er,v.ta],.ed b.ot.te and (less) n.nseovite. The feldspar is ehieflv mie o-
pertb,te and orthoeL,=e. ,1... |a,ter of,..,,. „„H,aps alway-. .,.,lifero„ ZZT^,,
/•■//■"/.■/ '</ ///,. ,////,. 1,.//,.,,^,,,//^.
243
SESSIONAL PAPER \o. ^5a
iii,|..p,.,„I,.„t, tuiiiii,.,! .| .in- ,1 ,,,,11 ■
■I'l-t cIoM.liim-tl,,. I,. 1,1,,,,,,. ,,,•.,, ,, , -'.•"■'- ■■' '"■iMt.- ,,,,m! ..,,,,1,,,, ,„,.„,, .,,
s..ut,.,.e,i .n.i„.,i,.. of,;;;,:,;::;.';: ':'"''';■■ '''••'r-"'i- -'■'•-- ,i,.. „„,„.,.,
I ill.' I'lu-lni.al ;lli:lK.i, . r 'In i,,- 1,1
i" <■■•'• ■: T.I.I,. XIV ,. ,h. ,' ' """«""'n.l:o-,.,I „,„,,.iu. i- ,,noro,l
-'"•■■'-'■••-- w„. :,,.;, : ;: ;:":;'-^'^""V""';v"'"^^^'-' ''"-'i
'•-'"•'•■-"•" ■■" f,,-,t |„,i„r Tl... ,„',K I 1 ■ '■"■ '"" ■'">■ '■'^'•'""1
""■^'•ll.n,|,i„.„n,,l,Mvl,,,. r '"l" -"•:'■ '■••"■... rl„. .,,,„it,. „f
■■nnta.-t l„.tv„.,.n .1 rn l„ ■ .""'■■• ^"' '"'•''""^ -''^'H' lino „f
.=tr,„.t„.v. ""'"'■ '"-"■"• ""' '^"•^■•' ■•-'< -'ill !'.-.-rv... i,. M,l«l
^.«o.J^:,:::;;:;:i,:;,.;;';;:.:;:r;r;,;;'i;;;-^^ ,.,,...
^'ue.,.,i„.,-„-i,.,;„f ,:'.;;,>::';;,, ■■-"«--.- ,1.,,, -i„. i.,„..„ .„.,, ,,
'''-/(/.'/ .v(,„ »',7/, (I//,,., .s///^, ;,^ //,,,/-„,.,.,,// /., ....
r.s-iime< -,uii,-i,.nt li. Mt t .,r,,nn tl„. «■ ..L- V ■ ''/"""■-' I"' ^•-iirnlMil.,n tlu-ory
-•^-'v t,..,....^:^.::;:,,•t.::,;t:, ::::;':■,;;. '-•'''''. ---''i'-i'--
zones m iill .,f fiffht (lirt\.r.>i,f ill „f„ ■ , " -l'"-nv,. i,,,,,,. ,■.,., ,,,(,,,.4
--.> .ns . 1,,,.:,, !,:;.;;:;;;;:; ■;,:;";;:;::;,.: :;;:':' -^^^ " '-^ - ""■ ^'--
tSiore nM.ol, tl,o l.r.o-r. A- . ,„.,if,,. „V ' , , T''^' "■',', '■"'"^''■'-^"■""'■■" was
.l.rongi,..„t i. „f u I .„i I, " ;;;--«-^-.l-v.., „,.,.,-, ,„„ ,„. rook
^In.- rook. Ti„. ,.,.., ., 'Tiu^il'T r '" "'" '"■'■•"■''-''-..Ingio.
'•.•hitiv<.ly >Ii-l,( I,,.,.,,,,,,. ,]„,.,, ..ill. 1, ' •" "'"■■ T'f ••'■I'lihPiition is
l.s- positivolv i, fa-,.,, Vr ,,•■:'."" 'l-l"t't>ve rcnsoninR but it is no
'•''-^■•'"' '.-i-.> ^-•:::,,'';;,;r;r:;::\„:^-: :::z.::: ^-" - -^
^abb^''i;;:;.;,::„;':;::;tr:'::;::':r7i •'""-.•'--;«•■'-' -•'••<•...- that the
t!- quami.o an- „: I,;, f,,; .^l T I ^ ",""" "'^"- "^ *'"' '"'• ^'•"^-""nt. of
I'.-.r- vol. ii !,;.( "•'^' ■•'■■■' I "l"- -iNirp r-o„tnPt= with
ifc«:-- -.^W. "oiW»i.-r* «'<f =#'*t--''i«'1f ".»-.■. yjr.. ■^.
344
nEPARTMEST OF THE rXTERlOR
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
the gabhro. but none tl,e less, they have the ap,*arance of l.avinp suffered
loss of volume throu^'h the solvent aetion of the inafrma
fhJ"/'""' '^ <h'=;f er -ills the bIo..ks are yet n.ore numerous an.l n>.„,y of
S i ? JtT'"' . f ' "■"? " "■'■""' '""'^"■'' ^"^■'' - --''1 --'It from the
Bolutiun of the quartzuo .„ Hk^ basic maKuu,, Since tl>e blc'k. were suspended
diffLTf" l'^"'."^^"f ''-;''y -d sinne ,he pro.luot of solution was not
d.ffuge.l away, the v.scos.ty of the ma.^nn. must lu.ve boon hifrh. T'nder these
Bp.>c.al c,r,.um-tan,.^3. it is not .urprisiug that a limited amount of solution
w s poss.ble ..v..n though the viscosity of the pure .abbr- was .vlativelv hi^l"
On th,. one hana, the very ,-trong contrast in the ionic con.position of '.solveut
and uhstance dissolved, unphcs a specially great lowering of the melting point.
On the other hand th.. original .vater of the sedimentary rook would fti^ato
solut,..u e^cn at the eon.paratlvely low teu,p,.n„„r.. of 100')^ C. or les I
wh.eli the nearly anhydrous gahbro beca.ne to:,ghly viscous in cooling
_ ffyhrijf Iioch--A special i.istance was studied, opticallv and chemically
Comm,s , on tra.I winch is si. n.iles up stream from the Roundarv slasl, on he
"n'ri ; '^'^''^'^r-^: -'• two mil... north of the Boundarv l,nc it
.11 rock tncre forms low knobs on ca,.h side of the trail. f^coVe- of graT
an^^lar nnar.nte blocks. ..rrounded !,v the gabl.ro. can be seen on the dacfa";i
One of these, measuring perhaps ](W cubic fcvt in volun,c. is enclosed in a
shell a f..ot or two tnick, composed of the .solutional mixture. The quartzite
has bee.> completely recrystallized. with the develop.nent of large, poikilit c
of'th ;i " ■"„*'" "^^V^ the quart.ite metamorphosed on the main'conta
of the X oy.o sdl C (analysis in Col. H, Table XIV.). Abundant, minute granules
1J vLri- '^ developed. Recrystallized orthoclase (probably sodiferous)
and a little oligoclaae are accessory constituents; no biotite could be found
The original sed.ment must have been compo-ed of nearlv pure .,uartz and
seems to have been far less feldspathic than the strata cut bv the Movie siHs
A certain amount of osmotic action has taken place, for the qua'rtzite is
sho through vvith narrow, greenish-black prisms of hornblende. 10 to oo mm
m length. This exotic hornblende has the optical properties of that in the
normal gabbro. It is specially abundant near the surface ,.f the block which
IS, however, sharply markc<l off from the shell of mixed material. Titan ite and
apatit.; m notable amount^ have also been introduced into the bodv of the
inclusion.
bornKI^n,'^-" °^. ""^<^'; '"'''''"' '''''''''' "^ " ""'''^ aggregate of deep green
hornblende in prisms 10 to 40 mm. long, and poikilitic quartz, which encloses
much granular ti),dote. titanite. apatite, a little ilmenite. and abun.Iant
«Sn! ''"'°'' " "°''''"^^'- ^' ^'^^'•^'P" ^'""^^^^^ •' ^PP"«"t i" thin
DittfichThfSlowing'Ldtl'"""'^' ^^'^'"^^'' ^°- ''''' ""'' ^'°^--
HEPORT OP THE r_.,EP ASTKOyoUKR
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
246
TiO,.
A',0,.
PeO..
MnO.
MgO.
CaO..
SrO..
Na,0.
K.(>
HO
H,0
I'.O,
CO,.
Analysis of hyhrhl rorl- in gahhro sill.
t iio°c .' ■■
b<ive nO*C..
Sp. gr.
M02
1-9.-1
1208
6-85
5-61
■m
■2*2
I(.«.S
tr.
•8(1
■14
•06
•B2
•21
•19
Jill
u
le
the
the 2:,- l^f .^^ 1^'S ^;J'^ - |n lar.^t p... .o H,c ho.,.!on.ie;
has all the appearance Wa pil.rv tin?; f' I^' ^""""-'l-, Th- opi.lote
derived thr..u,h _or,li„,.. woatLi:;:\o:'r ,.J' ;T.-,r,v' fr '^h '" ''^*'"
double effect. On tl,e one "dc to I V^^' •'"""'^''"'^ "'"1 repn.-cnt^
alkaline rorst^tuent Tn h. h M ',"''""' '""""'^ •^"'' P''''^'"'''.- ■^^"'t .f tl
cent^ around which the am" " ./:; ;7;,,f;-, jj-' .*"'- block f„nn,:d a
to crystallize, scffrewitcd \< thl T^ -i ''*' ,*'"'"^*^* minerals in the „u,ir,„a
ferred into tie quS?U^d;\^k o "the ! "'V'""'' ""^ --""•".••lly .rans-
into the nu>^na The Vh ha- H 'f ""^'V"'"'""''' ^'■^ '''■^"^-' -"-«^'l
the mere sol^fon of tl^c q ,• "it "' ,h' T T '-""^-i'-" -M-ted through
.rolled l,y the concentrat on le J.a';: 1 'I ^.'J'^'-'^'-. |- ■'''-> '--n co„.
I'ody. The latter n,ay l,a^e ac 1 Vf t- r , "' '" ""?'?"' ""'^'■'' ^^ ^•■^'•'-»
l.y the chemist into a Ltur^t;] u ion ■ n T'""'^ ° """ "^■"^'"' J'^tn.i.ccd
• inoculation.' ' °" ~" "' *" "^"'J'"''' ^-Tv.talli.ntiwi through
tratiTifS id°S; IT*;;:::':;; r?' •'"" ""' 'i-f-'^'-i- -^ !,..h in...
It is. nevertheless.^, tait.ate in"" """"'"' "u"'" "^'' ^""'-''^^ '■'-'k-
-lution of this bo.k rd tii n?or l"'T" J r "'^" " "'■'■^ •■"•''''''"■' ''>• "'«
because com,dctcly di.soKed. ' '"'"""" "^ "^''^'''^ '>^"^- -'--ibh-
The phenomenon of the nirtiTl ,i;,.. ..• r ,. ,
246
I'l i'\in\ii:\r ,,/■ mi: i\ii laoi;
niagmu. 'Wv jiivd
til
iicarl
ervstnllizcil fralilir.
lift ..i ilii-i ,!
ii:i'>li(in i-
y illllltir;ll i
Ullli-il. fxci-pt
ii"l \i"\\ I A I hi
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
y ili--c'iiiiria!cMl lliriMial
ill the (li-in'ft. X
the (Ji,
II '•'■iii|i..-ili..i, wiili ill
IlC'ill-lt- Ul.|„.|- |il„| 1, ,„,..,■ rnllt
•lill.'.l ilji.l,
'■Iliill-l.Ml -(
hll'tS. |\ M.p
'■riMirriiijr i'Im-\v1i.
^<<ilv. ,i
III.
rill- Ml,.,,. |.,,,I,„1,I.. ,1,,,,, ,1,,,, ,,„, ,„,„,,,.;.,, ,,,•
upper (•(.iiiiiri. I'
materiul (li--i.l\
II""' l"i' th.- iiin-t p.irt r,-i,l
N- -Mill. \i,.u- li,,l,|^ |',,r tl
l.y il,
iiiiitiiiii lit til
111.1111 .■olit.lrt- f||,
•II' 111 tliM ai-icl /(iTio at th^
'I'C VlillltlllllMli^
r
il I" rliiip- iiiih'li 11
rlv
of a,.i,i ,i,at,.i.,ai i.ti,.. i"..7":;,,;,a;t" w^i:,:;'';;;';::: ir;;;:':,: ,,'''': "'T-
of tlu. i.KWiia in it- liual lin... .,,,.,. r.i I , . '' ^'-•■-"^
matmai ti,,.,. ha- 1,.,.,, , .,:,;:' ,., 1 ' '"■""' "\"' ""■ '''"■'-'•■'
.■i.--.i... iif ..,.. r..,.i.., ,,:a;,';i;r?;.. .::;;,::;',;::.;;'^;::^ "i- -
.{■'^llllll'll iini III l),'i„r /,/■,.;. \, .1 . ., ,
I ' '''III''. .\i|..tli(r .'aii-c ..I I,- , t r-ii ,.ii ;• 1 t
SOIlpIlt 111 til.. c.U.lith.li- ,,f - ll-inlcctii.n I, ,■ I> n
tt;::;v::;::;:-,;;;:;;;:':i'fr --■■^'^'''^^^^^^^^^^^^
:uX i;';':;::,::;:;, ,:,''::;-; -^ -u,. ,.1.1.. .,.,,,, „a.^,l.,„.ll
wiin (,1, at, 1 ,„ I,-, rliviiiical rnntra-t t,. tli.' ..ri-lnai.
Such a ca-c mav h,. rrnrc-i'iit,-,! in il, ,, n • x-
;;..er.p.,„„ .;.„„„, „, „;„„ ,;;u' ,;;::;:„;;■:;„;:" 'l^ri,;:;-;;;:;';
t, rook 1. .•!iu,ily a Muartz ,Iial,as<..* Sin,.., ,),, ,i|l.,.„,.|, ,,„,„. ,.,,,,
n app.li.> ,.n,l,al.i,. that it- ,„a. ,f,.... .,..,,, Jw -111-! nl ' i' r: •
of the. \..u- I,.; ,.v ;il ""-''^' '•. '"'■ -l"''ial .■..,i,p,.-,ti„„ a,i,l stn„.tnf..
^a-a,.l^:;•;:l:;wli:i;^'■::,,;:^:t;;;ii^::pt:,:•:,,^:■'::i;^^^ ■
ston^s an. ptv., anihi-ian ,.,.y-talliii,.-) ..nii'ii J „., ^ilU ,! i: . -'li^; ::'■
niug.. p,,ni,t „t tl,.. tvniarkal,]., ;,vav,tativ,. ,|i t), nntiati,,,, ,l,.M.,.il„.,l 1,,
S-m,. a,.i,liti,-ati..n ,,f tli,. Pumll ;;a..l,|. av tlm- Inv • • •
1 until s,. 1..-. A,.v..,tlu.h.ss. tiR. ,,r..at .•luMni,.al -imilai-itv l„.twcon th. liiotit.^
^ an, . .11,1,1 tlio avot... .„iart.i,o -,r,.„^I, -,„..,.-„ „.at tli,. a-i,. il t .
M^MO--ll ii,a„,ia -in-tiy „..,.„„..,] in tl lart.i,,. f„r,nati,„i. a,„l trnt ' ,.
underly,,,.. p,„.,- |„.,aii f„n,ia,i„n. „f ,lit1Vri„K .-i,„i>„-iti„n
•J. V. Lpwis, AriMia! Report, St.ite li..„l,.Kl-t ,.t' N,.«- .I,.,s,.v.
1907. p. 99.
.<hi-
{MMmHmi«mamm2miii:-^.^^m^
in rniii
•'I I HI I Hill
■ / i;ii\ii\i I /,'
btSilO:\AL PAPtR
No. 25d
.1
It:
u.
inutl.' u;ii,r i,,„| ,,,|
■■//. .1/
•I'liii'ih
tO-r
■ir .IIV lh,( clllil-i-lv .|l
r \.i|..,iii- II
time ulu.,! the intrusions
.■...■ks. T
kIviii ,1
he Illlllirll
II.- w.mlr
'"•> nuKt ll;u,. |„,.„ „,,,i.,
ii4-;
"I' lll.U
iliurl/iii
liii.l ir,,ii, ,.,|,.|, I, ,,,,,,,, I
I'L'iirrwl. From heated
i-t' I' in Ih:,
int.. t'
N'-ll'.litil, Uilt
-111 Miiiiiiua. 'I'!
"iii-t -iiiiiliirly r-iiicr ili
iiljtil.
r vapour must ii;ivc l.cen
r»o( and floor of each sill
liiatter
inj.-.'t,.(l and lonvd
iho i-..,.C,
'nu-r 11, ,t unlv 1,
a^'iiia. A h
'•'■ntainrd in a-Minilntrd ~,di
"'"' tl:. IV iifd in lli,_. -,,|ii|
iiiii-t al-
all
'«'ei' the sohiti
inll ,,f tl
r;ic part ..|' >i
"• 'Piai't/itr, Siicli r
'>' vaj r woiiM i-j,,. ,,
Slll-'ll-lll V;||„
' 1- a t'art tiiat tl
l""-lall,s lii,.taiii,iri,li..s,. tl'e ^.mJ
'•I'"iut (o( te.npcrat.ire) for the roof-roek ■
<-n-l:illi/,,l ll
le ipiart/ilr iil.ov,
IIH'llt .il||,i,|,. ,,|' ,1
'inartdl,. l,|.l,,w ||„. .in.
rh -ill -
"' ntayina cliatiiii
'■'■'"■ '" '»■ ' V tll..r,.i|i;llK
>iiiiiiiiiirii i,f 11,,. 1
benrliiir ..u ih,. siil,je,.t
r'iKiiiriils for ,l»
ilali
t!
a 111 111 hriof -tatcnniii. Tl
rp -II iiuincr.nis that it
—The facts and ded
wil
foil
a partial explanali..,, |',„. ,|
10 writ.-r'i bdiif i„ th
l>e oiiveiiiont f
iieti.ins
I I'l'Viow
iiiif.-- r-(,iNiilp,.;|(j
the a.
Ill zones 111 fj
(>nMcipl,. nf
!<■ .Movie -i
\h
assiiiiihitioM
fonndcd ,,11 th
1. Til,, -t
Sfi-aiiii,- iiu,| the invad,
I'.'iiir iiiin,.|.;,I..iii,.;,l an
ennui, .;il .sliuihirii v |,,.,,
10 existcnee of >,,]
fiehl
'vuleii,..
ipiait/itc,
iitii'ii aiMV,,l,.s Mhoiit the visihie x
■I. 'I'ho nlation hit
,f .«
iil'erfiision
:en..li|lis ,,f
tati,.ii.
"■iill sill-thi,.ki„
in tlio sill pahl
'Iieat Mipplyl mid .h.irr.e „f
II.. till
piart/it.
ai'i.liti-
r
lie n(.(.,„nrv iv.
at r,..,f ami fl.
ill-. i{
'1'. at xn
hast,. II -i.liiti.
i!. Th,. f
a^.-iiiiilation.
7. Tl
•nrirint and jiivcnil
Lillitioll of VI
ndith i..,iitai-t>
""' '.'"•' ,'■'' -"'iitii'ii in the sill, nariieh
"I'l 111 the f,,.,liii^. ,.|,i„„i,,I, |^.,„„. „;
■II ill that pla.-,. s,„.,.i.|]|
ii't that difhiviiiinf
le vap,,nr-. (.,.ll,.,.t,.,l at tl
.. iniul tend t.
I'M; lii:i\
I'^il-tialK ii,;„k the ,|ii...,.t ,.vi,l,.,„.,. „f
10 exis||.iii.c ,,(■
or iinah.Hoiis relati
will he li^trd after tl
iiany oth<.r sills ,,,„i ,ii|.]j|
s iif ^ahhn.id
K' nat 'i.«. ,,f
niapiiia ti
lie ,litf,.ri
ke intrnsi,,iis -h..\vin^' Minihi
ha- hi.t.ii sketi-hod.
"• ili:i'le.|na,.y .,f ,|„. |,yp,„|„.,i, ,|,,„ ,,
I'diinents. .S,,|ik. of tin
iitiatiiis: process i,t tii.. .M,
Thi-
I"
lie ..Illy I,, tl
pure and simple ditt'
"■ van., lis |,1,,,.,.. ,,,■ ,]„, ,;|,_
point is inipli,.,! i,, the f,
rt<-r<iifiati,.ii ,.f M pi-i
;lie wntfi- ~ liMiri
paper.
,i-ef;i.iijj!- ar^uiiifiit ; it
pniiiary earth-iiKn.,
"■as hrietl
y ili-.-ii",.,! in
raril,iliir />i7/V/e/i.//a/i'.y/i.— I
will lead t., the eonv
nspeetion of Tahle XII F. and of Figure l."
tied. In i-iieh ,if th
i'-tii.n that, in sills ('. ]). n,,,! j.;_ ,]
"f the .*ill. The
ic.«e instances the sixeitie pravit
lie ifriiciii, r.K'k i> sirnti-
lii-oni r.iek next th
same is true of sill A.
.V increases from top t.i h
10 r...,t and
till- cx,epti,,iial arrangement uf
•rly
.v<'rlyi
with the exception of th
.OttOlll
le sh.-ll of (rail-
■Iff the biotite pranite. An explanation f
zones ha- I
;!iveii in the preeedinc- .U
i-rip
^j^mjw*9„jiii^^m>: ^jm^^wm^msssmk^^w^^
1148
nUl'ARTVK.Sr OF THE ISTKHIOR
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
133' A'<
30' B
. 0UART7ITE
ixnxaxrrraxLrrin:
OUARTZITC
OaMrb
J30 ' C <,
',UUJ
I0SO \
»0O''l{
RiMl,' i/rrmile
MiThu-iiia/e n<tJi
OuNnv
(•oMru
f'igiirB 15, Diajfrain »l„mi
Mm'
Th,
ness
uf «»ch sill i, indicatLl^i, f^r ' '^* ''PI"-'"'miat.. thick-
i» indicated, in feet!
.5^
;i''
i^.^BS'jm^mis^'^^' 1
nEPOHT Of THF. ,„tKF Asr/in.SoilKK
f.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
ti-onof.illA. Tho ,o„„l ,lu,raoter of ,1
CTavitHtivo a(ijiistmfiit.
Tl,o g«me principle lias prolmblv ..ontn.!!...! ,i,
ucoess.on of uv-ra^.. ro,.k-,i,.nsi,i, s of -ills ) •
followiiiff table:— '
Sill.
A
C
D.. ..
240
"ir indivi.ltinl sill
S 1, c.
iirl
.V .liic to
'■""Kh s.vstom iinpli,.,! in the
•I'l'l A, as illii.stratr.l i„ the
Approxlmat<> mean ilent'ilii^,
2 8,1
L'yi
2!)H
The layer of qiiarUito scimrntinir <iill r ... i i» • , -
» entirely possible that this aver s '.L v . " "."'^ *•"' ^•^''^ ""'•''• ft
one or ,noro connecting likes L„T""n'- "'. "'■^'^ "^"^ FH-netrated by
ma^atic co„,n,u„ie«tL We r^^v i 1 "''"" " ""•''. ^ ""'^'■' ''"- '-"n in
this larger ehumber. wherebv liUC uT^'"' " """•",' '^"''''^^""■"ti'm within
«ill D Continue,! -■iff.Temia.io t^^ :^;"'::;;, .:'': °" ""■";'--• "-
masses C a».l D, hd to the ol ,. rv.l.'l.. [rffi , '^ partuilly soparnte.i
--ible that all fo„r sills «ere st il r t , , 1 i °'' "^ """''■ ^' '^ ""' ''"'P-
chamber. from which each vi bis fl wa ! iT J" i' """"""" "'"-''■'^"* ■"-■'-
On the otl„ r hand theg,. s 111 n!l! ;, 'f "^ '^•'''*- "«» apophyais.
intrn.i„n. A lar^e p rt of tie ^ ' '"'" '"" " "^ ^'•^"'■•'y -"">'"Porfl,„.ous
^^ ha. rorn.er;^^:[;d1n^i":=,r::f':;;7'^-'^!;" r --V' ^'" '
chfferenfat-o„, that part of the m.ot,,, Tmv b ■ . ^""■^"'^'"' «f'">- P^tinl
chamber B to the new h..rizon now C ^1 b . 11 V wl ""•"'"'•'.""' ^""' "^
entiation pro. uecl the r.-tn„I , , i ''"" °> ^'1' A. where eontinued dim r-
may have len >^rlZ:r^Z\:TT^'o^'"''''^ ''^'^ ''' « «"<' «
injections may bo found in the ..normrms 'n ' '""'"" ^"' ""■'' ^'"-^■^■'ive
lation of n,oist quart.it,.-a t,^ "" .Zu Tr'- '"'' '"'r^'""' ''■^- "'^ "'^'"^-
to fi-.„re the n.of of the liglul 'l Ir I "'f '■'""*•,""''- '-^'^h- -nditics,
-.n.a ^-^.•..iK..erho,;;i^?,,;^t4 rwe:'s ,?'':V^,;^. ^'-^^^ ^"«
In sp.te of the relative complexity of tl,> i -'"■"-' ^"-^
that gravitative difTere.uiatior is , Shv f'"-° '''''""• ""'"^ '"^y ''onclude
tlio zonal structures of the Moy.'o h'II Kr< """'""t prore-s in devrlopins
It is hardly necessary to dwell f>T, tl, i • . •,
It was .robably foundeZc^ ^ iZe ', tdbilit^'t " u'" '""''■-"'■"-"■
magma at the low temperature im od ., i ' ,°^ ^'''''"■" =""• secondary
rnagma was not quite the ch mL " , nt .Tth ' rr""'i-'i-- The
of the two granite tvpes contains „orf *" '"''"'^^^ sediments. Each
quartzite. The hornblend" e .'.T:, 'i";'::,, ^'i ""'1 '"- '''- -l"' average
calcic than the sediment. However the to/;! T^ '"7", forro„,a,^,>esinn and
system is so great that its avenS ori«^! • " ''"^ ^"''"'^'^ '" *''« ^''I'
affected through the transferif he ex tr im'T '", ""^ T ^"'""■■""^
the granite zones. '""- '"'" "''■''^■^^ a'"I m.it;uc-ia to
■'•Vmi/ar ««(/ .l„a/o„o.,j.. /■ rp, . ,
960
hi run Ml \ I nr nil iMinmii
thick
u
2 GEORGE
1912
.\rn
^ . , ■'"" '-"tli'it- •■■'■.■|,Hi- -,.,li„„.ritv „on. , , , , ,
offcnil 111 ■tiliiii ,.„«;,• «.|, 1 .... ' "^ "■rr..i..irii!i..ii i-
....... -,,:::;,:;;r,:;;!r,,t:-;;.':;:;i:"':-;::;:j--l"7»«.ii«.~.».i
I'M-lcli l,|h||i |||||i.j|ii|||i
■ P|ili<.n
MhlilMtwl
i" tlio I'„n.ell ran^o t„ ,|i.. ...^t „f ,1„. A 'v • " s n j"' V "'7"'''""
iiilliiplll
itave Urn des,rii.o,| ,„ l;,t,. vear< l„,t it ; i -^'i"iy otlior oxamp],-
'•J2^J^.'¥kI'
'"■' 1-'^' H„„ :M,.l..,p„n, .|,,r,.r. „tinri.,„
SfSblO\AL PAPER No. 25a
l,ik..«i-,. .,V„ifi,,„„ i, ,|„. ^,„,,,, ,
> II II. n.' ,i,t il,,,.k liiMO-f,,,,, . ,,|„| I,,,,,, ,1, ,. 1
Tlu' "vll kM..„n h.,.„l,fl,. .,f s,, ...,,, |.,,, , ^, , .
I'"v.- I„.,.n nl.l.v .Irsfnl,,.,! U W.,,] ,, |' |- - ", '"'"'^'" ^"^- n. M.„t.„: ,
.■Hti.,1.. I'ir..„n l,„s ,|...ril„,| ,i,., ,i,;i,,, ,'',;:;■' ' '" ,■ '"•'■• i'"lM-:.l.nl ,,„I,|f.
"^".h.., .,,,1 |,„ ,.,,„„„t ,i,„, „,,, '" '' :•' '"'|iH;.M,„nl -M-.n.tl, in -,,,.1.
I,,..!,. >,1, .■ ., . ""■"■"• 'Al.l.in.if .,( til,. J 1 ;,,;, , .,
-'- - ^^"■^^:"':;:;;:m;;;;,:!: t'--'--^' ■■'-
l.lisi.' |,l,il-. - of tl„
"f^l kins., ur J Tl^^^^^^^^
;u.;ckiy .hin...i n...a on.;.;/;, : ;r: ii;; ;:J''r'''^^ ■"■"-
»io.h„„knui.. ,„■ ,1„. ,„,, ,„,,., „,. ■ '."" ',' 'l'^,,!,,,, I|„. „,„;,„ ,
'•••-';-'■■'-" -'— v'.N-i h, t„'i :::;;' ' •"' i-— ,;„;,..
'•Xpl.Ullcl H- ilM.lf n ,l;tr .•... .■ , ." ■ ""• ''•N.||.-l„|„||, ,..,„ .,.
Hint If I
Ijlltt.'.
Tyrrell |,„ ,|,„„ri|„„| ,„„,„_^,^.
•VnflMu,!. wl„T.. tl,o „lk„|i,„. ,H,|,> ;. ,,, ,,
..ot.>w.,Hl,y .„:,' .^y i„ ,|„. J,,^,., ,,„ ^^
verse. I il.
;:;;'""'"' '■^■•■■ivinL- u,,. r,.,„;,. ,,.,1..
-^on,ially,h....,,,,,,,,,,J, ,,,,,,,, .'f--'''''^ ' .1,,. |.,„,„ ,i,| ;„
Sni; l,„-,.„litli.| """' '■' ''" I'-'-'"' "nt.r |,.,- tl,,- Sl„,„hi„
■'^''•""llias nceiitly (U..,Til„.,| ., 1,,,.,, I. i;,; , , ,
■" wl,i,.h „„„n^ .yenite ^^v ritu- .r:^lu .:'!■'• Z'' ''' \r''' "-'-^ S,.„H.,„I.
Ifo makes „„ statemon, ■., t„ ,1, .".'"" ■'■l'«"r'M.,Mt, ,„|,,. .,,„;,,.;
poet ,N ,Wiv„,io„ f.o,„ a l..>^t.uZX^JZ^Z:T """'"" " ""''"'■' '" ^
I'liially. the tliiek m11 ,I,.s,.,ilM.,| l,v \,',|| ,' , ■
'k/'M.
9Aa
i'H\i;iMi M r III- i\iniii,K
■iiaiii iiia-^ <
tlial>R!ii' n|ipi
Kyeiiite. The
>'t the .,'11. Tl
nni»! }i»vi' '
I'nknr cru
lot a Kt ••
ill <li;lliii
tlie (liff. re 1
iliffercntiati
liKhtir (litTe
-cerrn to 1 p
In the .
|«Ositin[| i,f ••)
inj? tllf SCCiila'
in ciioli iiMtii'
theory of ut;
1. I' ,
.in ,■
or,,
'. ilio
nf ii
2 GEORRE v., a. 1912
rnul.. „,„. ., p.,k ro,.k. whi.l. prov..i ,„ \l „ 1, ""..„«
.' .n.k.. a .l.ar.. o„„,„ct w,th tho .r«i,li,e, .t .I,:,"
he . :riv:." "h" ":• ^'" ^'""''■"•' ^•'"'""'^' °' "''«"■"•'*
U. n , 1 f' '""^'""""' "•'■" i-'^P-- "f tMo lower
fort lot .iHr,,.. ,he ^-en, -i- .,f ,|,.. .yenite. Is ,1,;, rook
at.- Ir^ni a .>„UH-tie ,,f ,I,e vHrio.n s,,|i,nenfH .li.^.lv.-l
""< the ai. i.i.te* ar- rIomii,u!,t, oi„. nmst . v,„.,.t for
.•.II « rch hfl. a«^,„„|„te,l ,„mrt/ito. ,„kI th«t of the
« -II ' i.I.'h ..»„„;!, fe,i li„„.«tone. Thi, exmrfatinn
ohffht Lm ■•it,..i, the ohei„i-aI r-oMipo,,. m,„
' '-Tuntiated -ilU varin with tl,,. ,.hernie,,I ,- ,„.
Herein rests a poHerfiil arff.mi, .,t f,n„„r.
"•tive -ah.- or alkali.- inaKina-. As i'Hlie„t.-,I
.'"f^ n -fralili...! |„ the wav ,1, -na,!.!, ,i l,v ,l„.
■' I'l' M in a -viit. ftiiv
CK.NKRAL i.NCILSIOV xvp aI'P! I( rrlOV.
Mf„iio.,i ,.i,l, ,]„, „|,„„,, ,,„,, , ,■ ; '" ""'■ Tl» fl.r..„,»,„ i, .|„„.„
" "^otr /t- '-'■ -''•'"' -:;;:r;r ;,;- ;- >- --. ^-
from tho n eo;,.iti.,n „f t u o ne -o t "nir'";'' ""■ T '' ■"■ " '""^ ^'"^
rocks „s a..t„al!y f„„„,, i„ , , ; .th-; ;, t' T h'''' "• "",^'T" "' '*""""-'
■hief i.r.hh.m. have l.,vn -oIvp.I ""''•^"-I '^'"^ •■'■al.ze.I. .vhon certain
.'o namely. ..e.ern.ine. „n,,er thJ V,; l!:!^; t, ittl :';,;,;: ;-:y^;, ^ t '"
nature and >.vn,sis of rork.. Tie tirvf i,wUte„. ,„ • • • ' ' ' ""'"^
wa, the nia^nati.. nii.tnr,. ,. niatn.' CJ: . 'S'::,j;;,^:,':,''r~- • K "
question is. how far ,lid tli, .litT.rentialin,^ Proee-. o,7er r ^ t .h' ."• '■'""''
nnestion is. what was the pro.vs. of .iiffereXtion 't'lf ?' '"' """' '"^"^*''"*
.«.ioi^' 'n;:.':^n;::ti;:,,::':r:!rr'u ""''"^"'^^ - '"""^ - ^'~'
tion to 1.0 .lerive.l fron -i, ' , , ' ' ' "■'"'""'« -^^ven tlie f.,l!...t infornia-
ir.n, ,m„c ^u.ui,dp].n contact lines. On ti. other hand
w^ -^^^
4aOtJ
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26a
it t« 116' CNSarv tlmf iior.. nr I ... i •
...er.!v .,nn .urr.-c ..r no ..,.,i^, f ,t^ .J .^ , ;":;"''7; '-"""■;"■• ''^
.•omr>l.<x hi.iory nf „ „„„„„,, „l„„„s,. .,,,,, .
Too!- prtirx » tl.n .i.|, „ .,„ ,- i ,,■ , '"^ fnltill.d 1.
uiiBoIv,..). "r. h(i.,f,,„; r ,„,,,„, ,^,,„|,^^.
'tniilirit' 1,1 iiiirav.
(Ik
"• ml -Vipr
IT.. 1. 1.. II, ,,f
"• in |.;irf
TI.P KPolopi.t k-MoiM ,ow |,„r.l tl......
w„.,,,, ;iMi;:j:;trJ-; :;;.;:;:: ::;:;''■■: ,' ■;■■' \ '- ''■■'■■ ■< -'•
It ii, not to be wond.T,.,l », ,h , , "'"' '" ""■''' ''"' •'^""'"litlH
un,l..r.t.„o.i or flMt .1,.. ,,;,,;, 'l"/' I'""""". H'" I'lM-nmi..,,,,,, i,„.ir j, .„ |„,|,
"f iinffle ca-c, „h.>ro il,«. i,.,,Mi<i., "''■
liill '•niiilitii'r , Mn
III.- .],.r.,ury
U:],T,t\.l\ »,.|1 fullill,.,!.
I'i'OM .l.'JcrilH-il
clinniliori. tlip
IP
Ft'lltlv (liafisc,.,j
.0 servo f,. t,,:,,i..:!::;/:v;;;':,; :::'--;;,;;;,.-"^-;-i.^^ «..h ,...,.. n,.ino.
The compound maKma, wlro t, , ■'^'' .-h'-H.-al rolati.>n. h, „nrli ,-a.so.
tl.. d,>e-tion or !"'^" of Tei ■ rf r, ""1' "^""^ *'"''' composition to
Finally, t^e fact, .om in, i , , 1 "■' '""'^' '" ■"^'-''"" '"'^'^"'^ "-".^'"^'■^.
the differentiation VJ^ HT'^'n:;:.:;',,';'^ T:'/ ""■ '""•'■"' ''^ ^^'-'h
•'Ppeara to Lave been diroof.vl hr DTo,,:,.. ' ':"-'ti"'i " ' ■■ «iil. imifrnia-t
.•l.amb< rs. I„ . a,h 1 t ,p 1 .LT ' " I "" ''""f' ^^'' "■'«''''''"" '" 'he
.^f th^ :':;::nr7:::,!:!:t;r ":'";;[ '7 '""""'■''"" "^-- -- ---'i
oi field facts Im. Jon r-l , , H in\ ' '; '' ""'""• '■"■'• ^"''^'■protation
rocks are oL^U h, .^IZ t "'"' '"'"'■'"• '"'"■"^'^'' "^"" "■•■"' "-h
Panied and folInlJ I.J^Snt ht ,.''"11:'''',' '-T* "' "-"'"■'«'■-" ~-
wve roe. at . .-ontaet ,. ..:;;:::rUi:^:.;i';r;ri:''r r;,^.;:;; r:;:;
254
I'li'MiniiM I.I I in: i\ii umit
*
|i
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
ililcil fi.|-MI;lti,,]i. Still
'KlliMii ill :i iii:ij.|,,,| I,,.,,),
ulii.'li is it-i'll' ;;. iiciiilly I
'111' il.'Vil(l|iIMrlit 1-1' ,|
■■'ni\ physi
iriiiinlcil ,i.i
lilcii-c rtTii't
111 rOfji lU'OiK l.v ill,. .,1
IVr IIKIV |„. ,1,,, l,,„.s ,,(' .JilVc
n'lcrdKciici.n
I'li-ity >lriilifi,Mt
Til,, f,
'Ml r.-,)i-tiii- oT iniit,.,-i;il, ill fl
ioM. iiii! ,,||
!lli-'>r|iliiiii ,,f Ion
■nillllinll ,i|' rnlcrli,. i,,iv|,
r< M-
iull MMlrriill
i''i' 'Mii-r< r,,r tl 1„
A -CC, 111,1 I
'I' ixiwi'rfiil otr.'i^t ill t
!,■ n,-U- lll;li;l
"■I "ii^lil ,', rl:iiiil\- 1,
l(> >;llll,. -I'li^,
lisi^ussioiLs ,,n iiiiifrimit
iiii'l:ini,.nt.iil prill, -iiil,. h-is
;iuih:iiim liiis tali,
■M |il:i,
c iis.-^iiiiiliitioii. It' (lifT,
IK ,1 ml,. 1,
i-nriii-,l. ,1
■>' >-,i lis I,
ri'iili;ifi,iii of
'•1' miipiiin (.f ,lifl'<.,,.|,t ,l,,„itv. il,,
|ii-ii,|iiic within ill.
III 111,
111' iNiiiipound
I'l'ttiini, till' 11, I
"iil ,l,-|.oiiil ,liiv(.tl
lUll clhllli.Ml
lij:lit,-t lit
Mlllirillll cllMlllh,!' ill
i'lMp,>Sll|011 ,'f til,' IVvlillii,
tlic 1,'p. ill,. lii'iivi,>t lit till.
■f fl
II' liiUiii'i'iit cuiiitry-n.pl,
III till' t
I'll till' iiiiiniiiiiti,' >inil
Mill IMlll,.|' ll
il< 111 liny .■,.iit;i,'t
IIIM ,,|l til,' ,',.l||p,,-itl,. ■.
I'l-iii ,li'iliii', ,1 f
ll.V 11,) Illl'illlS
Tlio widir 1111,1
iis.'iiiiii]i,ti,.ii-,lifT
iir,.piiiiu. iji^.
ll-si,iii fh
rh
10111 till. -Hilly ,,(• iiitniMM. sil
-C'omlnry ..ri-in „f
■:ll.V f lilt ill,' i).r|
1,1- -li,.,'t.: 1
III, ,10 ill
||<rliiiit <|iit'-ti.,ii i-
I«'"IIS r,..-k lM«ly ..1 1,1 I
iiniiii,>> lias
I'vi.liiitiv
>;riiiiiti'-, ,.r ,t,
.1 ii'iiiiiili,.)! til
l»S lllill l.lllllolilhs
"■"O- iipi'ly t,, fnily iiliv,-
iiiiiii,',liiit,'ly lit Im,,,
III It i-
li'iv,' 111,' sill I'onii
iiiiiil
'Hi'iis to lliiit just ,i|illi
-miirtiiiio-i ,11-iniiiiii,' in ; |||.
iloi'S till-
ll <-iiiitiift<? Do tho
'■eiiiTuI i'ons,.iis iiiroiiline i:'l
U'li for tlic h'IIs
ill diiiptiT XXVI.
(iiil'Ur,, 1111,1
'iriii;iii\p iiii-w, r.s
iiiiiii'i' -iiiiil.ir or
1(1 ill, -(■ i|ii,'.|i,>iis iir,. iMi,
1.
'I'lllllll'S il
;;i;iii"pli\ I'o
tiijii, iiro llii'r
til,' Urlli-ii Miiiiil
IIV' , ill, '11 ,'|
iiii-.'i,l,ri-li,iill
y ii^sociiit.
lint othenviso tl
•i' ii,i| >,i sil
ii~ 111 iitliiT purls of t'
ill Mirioiis
ip'i' in ill till
w,M-M.+ Till' lii'M rrln-
"■^SIH'liltlolls Mlf;^.,.„ts ll
tioii tlioory tii nil tl
iind
ic riciiri'iiii'c ,,f tiiiiiiv
•il-^,' iif 111,' Moyi,. sills, f.
It' pi.SMl.ihty ,.f ,'xt,ii,I
llllll>ll f,'llllir,'S lllllolly- Jill I
)r I'xanipic,
rock-
llr m'ini
I'pliyi
iliirkr
MiK' till' iissiiiiilation-.liHforoiiti
Sraiuipliyr,. of tlu. CarnK-kfi'll Di
imriilli'ls lictwoc-ii lii>
At (
'arro,'k Kill tl
liriiiiopliyrc til Ir
iiii'i',.lit,. ' roc
li,ri' is iifjaiii
iiiiil t!
I'Xi'i Hint iiii'i
Irii't. Kiifrlaiul,
tii"ir ,,ii til,, iralil
if .Mi
frahhro
iws rt'iiiarkiihle
iiii-^iMa 1111,1 Ontario^
-till 1;
irfTi'r liiiili
110 i^niiiii,'. mill atraiii tl
I'omnionly ,M','iirriii;r tniii~iti,,ii from tin
tluiii ill t
■f >;iiM,i-,i, ,1
1,' uriiiioiil
lUI'stilll
ll' III
Kraiuilar a,'i,l r,„l
iliffiTi'iitiati
li-ii-iv,' sli.'ois. an, I at still
pliyr,' 1- a p.'ri|ili,.riil phase.
'<',liiii,iit- ,\.'t 111,,!',' cii.'rfroti.'allv
:!•* tlio ),r(Hlii,'t ,if til
ii'ii- ili'plli. \v,,iil,l viiM
iiKs,
''•|'li,'ii with tl
a llion.iifihly
1,' niii-i'qiK'iit
't a,
Tlio ililHi'iilty ,,f ilis
iiwir i-mitncts in tl
■fii^'-iiif;' t'li'-o ,|ii,'-ti,iiis is lai-j.
I'ly ,'Ulii;; to t
'll' inoi'iiR,' yraiiitc
All
1,- lllis|.||,'.
llii' iiMii'i' valiiali
tSee -A. Geikip. Ancient V
iloanoefi of Great Britain, ISiir.
:Q..a.t. .rournal OiiO,'/ l' v;""^.'^.^:-^!^;:^ \T^;,. ,S«,
p. Vlh.
ii^r^'v
^^^*T'
SESSIONAL PAPLR No. 25a
'"."-' '"■ ll"' iMf..ri,iMii I. ,.;>,,!
"1 -11. -li ni.'k-i-i'hiii. II
'i"iii iiilni-iM. -Ijl
~ ■"■'' '"■■■•lil'.. I in Ilii- ,.li,|.
:66
'Mi|i,ir;il n !• r.iriiv
'!"■ '"N.vpli, „,„„r,. ,,,■ ,|,„ „ ; ■ . '" '"" ■■"■'I'" '■ 'I "- "■■' -t ..II in.ji,..,,.
-'i"-—..ah..„ ,. iv ,.!., „,,, ' ; ;' "';" ■-;— •-Mn:ii„i ,
-"""■■i.i,,: ,i,i.,, „.,„;,";;"' '" ;:ii---. -in.k.u.iii,.,,,.,.
On. I!...rl,.n'l. ,:;,,;• .7'; "'-7' ■;-l--n,.K ,■
^nui so,.„„,||,' ,,„, „ ..""•"':'■> ":"•'• '—-1 ■■'II ^n^ I ,|„ ,.;„,1,;
III'' iiriiiiin,.,,! n,,-,<,;,rilv ,.vi,.,„l ,;ii r ',i ' """ "" ■'-iiiiil.t i,,„.
eon .MMulnrly air.v,..,! by ,!„. |,„.,1 ...;...:,.,.;.,, '' l^' " V'"'";'- '"- ''-"
S.'o ,!,.,,,(,.,. XXVIII.
"■■■'i a.-<,similnli,„. „f s,.,M.ii.l n.,|<-l-„n..atio„s
tl'-or.v Is ..vi,|..„,lv .,, ,„,pl 'm. ,' • , ""■ -;"";l^"""-'litl-r.-uinli.M,
iir iikkIi Til.
lllc -tU.lv i.r \.l!,-;||I.M -
«' i..;-*. >:::::;'.',:,:;::::■■" ■'■"""■- '- <■ ■ ' --t
«.,,i;;';::,;!:::j:;,n.:r:r™'::': -.■"-" ■ -
ilh.-r aiicli'iit
IK' lllll' ,-1- IIIIK'h I.
■ vMniihili,.,, ;,- ,,, ,lill,n Mlijil
5
1*-^
2 GEORGE V.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A. 19!2
CHAPTER XI
Uetv.i\ni till- f'i r. .11 'I' I 1
l.osefonni„,Ml,oS>n„mit..ri.... ( M. 1 v"'"*-' i'' f'-r Kro,,,,. ;,. ,„,,,i,.,„ ,„
havo |.c.„ ,„H„..,| ,1,„ ,.,,„,, Hiv. ;;:,"■"•.;•"';;'•''• n.o-.. ,„l,c.r .r,.„p.
iiivi,h(
loneil til
(I
jro ii.tiii„it,.|,v nss„oiat,.,|
til tl„. Hns<la,„i v,,I,
are (li-ciis.<<«(|.
'■I':>\>Ut XUT.
Ml \vlli,.|, tl
uitli I, a,;.- V.
"II.' ut:.uv. Til.
15
Mill., roc]
aver At.
wl
iiritain xvli-
Ir il(
IT'll Hi t!ll-|
Ml- r,„.k- ,,f
^<'ri|iti,)ii
till. 1{
K I,,., I
|.n-f.
illHl llln.ilitfl
Kl
Aln
Kvk.rt
qiiartzite
I'sseiitiall
IfHKMl, I--,,liMvi-,,
11^- t ll.
firanili
-h Til ,il-,
"|i|"'>it|. I'nitl
>t tlir I
M'Otl.ll,
iiiiil lilt, rlclil,.,!
nil. ilic" t,,„t-liilU
'.V vhrr all
iiviuiii aii,i ,„„•(], „,■ ,],,
.V 'ilic tlio Kit
-f'taigiilite, wliich l„ ]i,l
ire i'..iiipos(.l ,,(■ uiif.w.ilif,.
ii'iicr i|iiart
rntl.v i„,t iii.tMiiorplio*,,!
unf.,l,| ,1 Kit,.]
tlleill tl O Pvilli.,;,
ri'frystallizat
evi(l,.ii,.o* (if lik
''rie-t Riv.T
cluMicr St rat
a aci-..-;: tl
loll
111 any -,.„-,. ,|itr,.,.,.„t f
'ill' ..!' ll;,. I'
le nver. Tin
'(TK-al ciiarart
'"•■- ar,.
I'll! (,l.„.|.v,.,j
^rcur ,|v
"''■I'h lllOlllit
roiii tliat \v!ii,,.l
'laii'lr liii'tniDfi
»u-<: that
ari' atipar-
1 1- lrii.> ot" 111..
Ill ti
P«is<^ int. ii>
Jil.,
rpliisiii. iiitiii.
iiifi
■f ,i
ynaini.. in. lai
ill tlio l.atliojitl,
.i:la.t iiipt,
iiif I'riojt i;
'!■ iiia-liiiii...
iivcr tt>rraii.
iiiii'i-pliiMii wh:,.], ],a.
•1 ih,
wntpr 1,;
iiiirpl.
-s >■ parali'il tin -,^
'1*111 1- iiiiit.. -tii!^
I' - tarflii
liiilstfr laiill .,f ^;,.,.af
r.cki f
my' an, I lai-fr,.]
i''.iii ll
is 1 1
n
111-' i-"iii'iil..ri.|l a- 1,
t 1|-..\V .,11 ll
•li.-t n
"• «(.-t -i.l.. ,,( t\.„
f-'i'ly "II tiiat
iv. r t.riMi;,.. ,,
1.1- atr,...|,..i ll,,,
l.-h'k
I ll.. r..,'ati
a. •...,11111 I
1,.
'ilaliii..- a
ivi.;- (I na
the K
K' ( ImIi (;
iiiii^iiiy nitfi I-,,!,)
be
iti.li(.|ior f.
iii.l tl'.
as niiipli
Oi)
'^i-liiafi,,!!, Til.. ,1,
as .'iO.Oik) f,.ot.
ipiaMzitc
"11 tl
net a v<
^'lii.-li
ivii.-li. Tl
I'l lll.llll,.-!- ,,|' th,. J
IVi.W 1-
t. -111, nil. !
'II tlK- (.asf (~..
ll- I'ault
ri,-f
^ '■■■rn !at,.,l
il'>. an.l i,ii
stii.ly ,,f tl
lii'.iMiiit i,f ll
Mlfll
ly
Wh
11' .i^i'i at .-trii,.t
iithiil.
Ill' 111 t »■ liclil til
'""■"t* «•■-! of th.' alluvial
irical ('..inpar
'•"•a- vol. ii— i;
I' wnt.i- wa-
i-i'.ii, :'„r at tl
iiral ;iiip.ii.fai;.
Ilat
II. ,1 iiitir.I,
'ii't tiiiii' th
.' -I ll
.1' th.. ]
\i..iti-l!av
y fi.iis..].
IK ..( t!
2S7
<■ •■xist. nco ,,(■ 111,. Ki,,.|„
"■'•• -itj.'i: a .l..|ail(..I
i- ii!i[if rativc.
'■ i'llp.'I-ta.,..,. ,,f tJif,
■iiir fiTitia-
268
i>F.i'Mnvh:\r or rin: i\ti:rior
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
n'nn it-..ir was „„kM,.w„ nn,l w„- ,u,t ,l..„.r,Mn„..l until ti,.- ■• i,.,! 1 „
""■^•""' ; 'T ."'''•■: '" "''' ••'-•"•"■•■I. Si.,,-,. tl,..„ no f„v..Mn,l,i.. o,,,.,;,.,„„itv i,..
;.nHon l.y wh,<-h tl,r stMcl.v of tl,i. .„un.it. .-„>I,I l.» .^„ti,n,o,l in tlw H,.!,| 1,
IS now nnl.v known tln,t. tl,ro„jrl,oMf n,nst of t^in n.ori.lionni iM-lf of the Ki,,!,-
on.r .,Mnrt.,to a. n,n,.,K^.l on the wost >i,k. of tlu- Kootonny. tl,.. ro.k- nro iiMi^-
tmRu.sln.l,Io from ty,... of tl.o Kit-lu.n.r strata roll,..!,.,! at tl,o ilovio rivnr
II..- stnpl,. rock ,s a Kn.,M,isl, j^ray .„. .rt/itr. woatlarin;: l.rowni^l,. I'n.L.r tl,.'.
nm.ro-,-o,,c tl„. ,|o„,,nant .,nnrt/. i. .e. n to 1,.. rruMilarly a. iaf.l with Mnal!
fjrain. ot nM,ro,HTth,lo ati.l ortlmWn*.., with ponfrally a litth- pln^'iorlaM. a
1.W .,no,H. and ,,yr,to ..rystaN. Thorc i. always nu.-a proJnt, .^..n.Ta'llv
...lou.l,.s, and s,.r„.,h... thon^li ,„innt.. hiotito- an- s,.,.„,in^Wy novor ah.-nt
Uhoro tho qtiart/.ito ,s ,.l,.avo,l. as it is at oeriain points north of Com .T.-.-k'
ho ,n,..a, aro spoojally .lovdoped in tho rl.ava..^ „lan.s. Th,- .Motar^illiti.:
intt.rh..,ls hav.. not Wn n.i.Tos,.o,,i,.ally ...xanmiod l.nl thov ai-^-ar to be .-on,-
po.«od of tho san,c .natorials as tho n.otarKillitos of tho Ki'tohonor for>nati,>n.
Jt ,> .Mit.ally trno that tins lo.'al .iMartzito-nu-tarRiilit,. serio> j, litJ.oloKioallv
s|nnlar to tho noohive forntation as dcvolopo.l on tho snmniit of tho ra.iiro
Ih.s >s„f oourso , atnral if tho writor i. oorroct in -on-olatin^^ tho Kit.honor
niid Hcrhivo qnartzuo-:.
At Summit .-reek and north of it for a half-.nilo tho qnart/it,. Is ..xtroniclv
n.nsstve and of a ^ray .'olonr whon frosh. an.l vory ofton grayish to liu-ht hrown-
jsh-gray when woathero,!: it is ,,ossihlo that hero s.o have a lar^^o ont^Top of tho
Proston fonnatton nndorlyinsr the Kitohonor. Thoro is .o littl,. oovtahifv of
this, however that the eolonr represenfinp: the Kitohe.ior on tho ,nap has been
extended northward across Summit creek.
North of Summit oreek the strike avera^res about X. ID' K aiul tho dii. i.
:d.„ut verttoal The san.e strike (dip observed at .iO^ K.) is prosonod fairlv
welHoraeouploofrn.lossouthoftheoreekwhenitabrttptlyohanKe, to X. 22= W
tun to .\ ..() K. beoorn.n;. h,,hly variable in a hH-ality of stntotural ttirntoil.'
A half-tntlo farther south tho -.ike is X. 4.5" F.. and the average dip about '-.C
S_ E. Th,.s penera] attitude of the beds was observed at several points south
of Corn .-reek. On the whole it n.ust V .aid that tho strike of ,ho -luartWto
'■■ (listiMotly traiisvor-e to the trend ,.f tho Pur.-oll Tntieh
'1 1.0 wo^orn limit of the quartzite i, shown o,. the map only approxi.natelv
•ot- the r.ason al,e;uy noted, the an.ount of structural and atoal work done
n the field was ,n>uff,e,ont to show that liuut and tlu-rowith tho oxaet pla.-o of
n,o ,..<tu ated tnastor fanlt. Few ,„.iuts in tho strneturo .ootion alln^r the
Fort>^n.nth T arallol are n,oro important that, this one and it i- e>, iailv here
that further an.l nmr,. detaih-d w,.rk i» m-odod.
TuiKsT RrvKR Tkrrwk.
Tt has already boon noted that the basal eonfrlomerato of the Summit sorie-
rost^ uueonforntab y on older rooks outeroppi„K at. and to tho oastwanl of. the
head-waters o, Prto^t r.ver. The nan.e ' Priest River terr. ' mav be appro-
^>
.itm.
i^nsr-
I'l •, 1
^ *. -(5«.
mr%m
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
ut:i'„in „r ■, ,n , niir Asii,'i,s„,\it.i:
369
'""'li l'^ir.l!..|. TI„.Kn.m ""'^ ^'n.vwl,..,.,. ,.x,k,s,.,1 „„ tlic F,„,v.
'-"pro-c .rian :uKi pr:i:i;;;;;; !;;\t:'''' '''"'■''■ '^^^^^^^ •-
K.,,'o.s„trs a,„l Co,„/l/lu„s of Sl,i,hi W\,\ , ,i ,,. ■, .
"li'T.. it ..,„s.,.s ,hp Selkirk r.„... , :i| , ''"""'" """"''"> '-I'
-I'-ar." .nil,.s. Su.-h .,, ,„■,' « rii' "'',.":■•'■''"•• -v.t. ul„n,t on.. h,u,.l,v,l
"■'■ - >iti.." .n.i ^t;:::,:: ::!',,:':;;: ""^i'/" "•^-'' ''-n... .i... ,. „.
i" "'""-t ..v.Tv part .,,,,1 i, , ; '"■"""'"•• ""•'•■'""■rphism ..f th ri...
-i'Hioa,,fH,e;„r^;:^i ;,::;;;;:;- '•;:;;!-''';;i'>- -.m .,i,„.,. ,,„„,.,. „,.,
"■"""■■s for...t ,.a„ n.l.l M .i.h. ,•,'',''''•. '''•■'^■'' ""• ""■ ''-"vy Mn,l ..„„-
•■"■"t"l troMl.l.. i , i„ on ./i ';''",' "•'■"•''f .'" ." hVl.l wJu.n. ,l,o K-oIosi,,-.
-'t'"'" -'■-■'■' - 'r'' ' -: m'' rS,;: .I'T '■::V'"'"'',- ^'''"*" '"■' ^^ '"■
tojrotlior tin- so,.tion. wor.- „ft,.M I. ff , , l 'V' "'"■• '''"■ " ""''<" "■• '"-
v.>«etati„„ tl.a, ,.v..m ri,.. m- Li f , ^ '"T ^" r"""''''"' "■''^ 'l"-^ -^r ..f
l.-'iR .tr,.t,l,<... • ^"■^'■"'"" "•"'"'•"■ l'"lt-'.H. w,H invisil,!.. C.r
'•n.'^'1;^.;i:;h;:;;i!:::;:i:;;j;:,-'-'' '■"• '-■ - ^-^ „,.. ,.,., ,,...
it^ rook. „ro al„„!^t en . ; " li^ "T"'" '" ^ '''''-kI,
.■<'rtain infli<.,ition ,.f rolativo ii^r,... .„ , „ i- . i^''',"'''" '"P ""r hutt,,,,,, i,or
•lotormi,,,.,!. Four nio o o 1 t .'' ""•■v>'l""l ..„.,„l„.r. hn, ,., |„,,„
''nho.orieswasob,ai„..iTi;.ll ';■'■'' • "''••' ••',""• 'i"><''-i..al natun-
-riptiou of tlu. s..ri..s. i „i i,..,' t ," tL 1 '" Z"" ".' ?'" "^ *'"' ^"""^•-■"'' <'-
ia|i
th,
■^•■n.'s on a [Mirfly litlu.l
of-'ical
■f tho
•'"Mipilitifr tlio .Ij
ita Willi ('i-(
trrr;
in<> inav
forth nfcrrod to 1
'0 proiipcd ,,i|,
"1 the -(■vrral trairr^i'^ it
ii(>l»';ii'.-! tiiaf. tl
foil
<>«■, mo
'.V tho Iottor< .1 to (I. 7
>ov..M irnwilar l.olts wliioh will 1m
ro or less faithfully, tl
isiially to lie parallol t
liren most fully
th,
'■overed hy holts /' and (I h
very .^..ant. Along- tho north,
-h.nv --pooially loniplioato.l f
I'.'ia- Vol. ii — 171
invostipatp.1. Tl
",-;;"•■'•■'' }\\"y niM in.ri.lionally aii.i
1 apptar
/'. and A'
><■ >trik.. of th,. 1„.,1,|
>nn i)larios. wliid
u- plaiK's of s.hi^tosity. Holts .1, /;. f
ohiti
as canscil th,. infi.rii
^rn odj;.- of thi. Bonn, la
catiirc- a« a r.-Mdf of
mai'.'jssihility nf tl
inilioii c
lo aroa
onooniina- th.rii to hi
ry holt all tho h.dt
th.' iijtni.-iioii ,,f till
O.'CjIOSOlI
,'i-oa r
'^'*Rv;«3Pfi
,-:*ii'l"
aeo
in:fM{i\ii \i ,,i Hit. i\iiii
{/nit
2 GEORGE v., A. 1012
Buyumie l...tl...litt,. IVri,,l„..r,,l ..■],!,,. .,iiv .,n,l .1
H,..„ „„rl„:;„:;i;;,;t' ;;:ti;;;t /:::,;:!;':r',i;; t "17- ■■'
limit „(• l<.|t a „,...urs ,.t ii nm-t.r f..„l, ,i , "■ ""* '""''''■'i
li
Ki
brinii schist-.
l'elr„,/n,,,l,„ „f /l, If \ s^,,,
Itn r(,|,tj,-t ultl, III,. J)r.-(\ltll-
"" "f S,:,„M,if .-nrk ,|„. 1,,, i>«l„„„.rut,.
']irv..tly „vr.rlio, Ivlt .1 Tl,i ' T '■"■'^' ""' '''■' ""'""-rat..
'i.M most ..iMUHhmf il„. ,|,,I,„„|, , ' ; -'■'■"■""• 'IMiirt/li... nr,.
Th,
till' ii:it,iri'
i>r i-hlcirito. Till
lii-ts viiry
itiiii iiliiiiiiiiiii
111 c. li.iir fioiii li^hr I,, ,|;,|.|^
■'• "i till' r,--iiilial
L'lrriii-h
;h-.'..r.|iiit; t'
lyli
If ':i tlio "Clii-tosity pi
.V lire rificij iiit.rfii|.t..,| I
ill iiiiliviil
timiMl l.ctv
111! .-'. Ill (prtniii iili
iiiM'ncc.Mis niiiii'iMl. -iri.-iti'. I,i,,ii
'I'l'ii't/ .111.1 .,( ii,.I,,i
y V. iiili't- ,,t
lilt.
IP (.Toiiiw ill, -riiii, lilt, ■.!
ii'ii till' tr
ili'-^l- Hnil
?i;loi.t tlio tniil „t Ci.i.iHr Ci,,,,, tl„. ,1
lill;|,i
r!ii-iini!i tl
ilPipill-r ,|,,|m|
iTV-tilU ..t'
'iiiiti
-t. i;
iir
V/lth >iiif;l,. ci-.v^lnlti „ii,I mnmII
wlu.'li is priilniMy iiiik,
ritii! npparuiico.
mil' :ir<- |',
il. O
irk I'liyllitii- -rlii-i
r
CllllllllS ,.( ;l liir|,,
If riii-li li;l-. ill r,
i- .il'uii.liiiitl
■I"- tl-Mll-I-
II till! WPSI
y I'liiirjri'il
i-Mii.'iiiou> ciirliuiiatc
•ll>''Mlll'Ili'f. 11 l,-,.|i,!o.l,,-,r|,hy-
■I'.'WM f,
Th
Til,
slica
P Miinrtzitic
III, is
le nlwiiys -hiiir.il. wjtl
niiiotiiiifs r„i, ,,v,.,. ;| |,iin,lr,.,| f,
riiiK iilimes. At
nia«ii<'si:iii tu sii
I an iilniiiilaiit .lovcli.p
several localitios the ,|iiartzil,.s. lik
f in tliicli
IP liahit ,,f eoiiipact
miiti'-
tl
dol
to
arc voiy poor l.nt it a
thickmss.
o cxtPiU. Thoy tl
It ,,f -,
-■ til,.
iiiH |)iiss ov<r ml,, tl
ri"ii,. ill til,,
^''lii-ts, ari>
nioro or lo-^ sil
111'- •Miiye in |.o|„ur from wliit,. t
iVIlt .lloilfrh ilcciilpyl l,„ff ,i,|t, -pi,
iciotN. iiiarl)lis. On I'l
a -l-.n.-at,
pinki,li-l,
iiiiiii^s \\hi,.h liiivi'
rp-li fructnros th,i
I>I'Pnrs that n,, ,,iu. bed
1'. I'xposiins ot th.. (1,,1,
i"un. Ucail
niiti'^ in hi'lf ,!
i,rinir
iiioasiins nin.
1 ■'v,r tiftv f,
cpt jn
Tl
avcraiT's a few ,|. y
iKhiiut ni.ist. ,,f t!i,. I, I, ,1
irniity wit], the S
rp's w,->t ,,f
1" -trik
I
ii,,rf!i an
>( i„.t;
1 iM.'Miiii;- ai
gpnurally nearly
1. >iininii( s,.i.|,.s ;,( ,ii,i..|,.
uncommon. Al.ont on,, mil..
a stroiiH- transvi rse fault
vertical hut anui..s ,.f 7;,
^(Miii^ t,, ,.iit th.. plan., nf
'/•'■'"-''■■; '•>■ to :.'.V. The ,|ip i.
I'i Si'lustositv
iineori-
it.li ..' the I),.w,j
t,, sir to tl
1.' ea-twar
11 lire iifi]
ith h.i
!U,,ntr wliieli.
n<y trail tli,' lult is hrokeii 1,..-
With
leii ili-pla,..,l \ve,t\var,|
as :s i,,wn 111 th,. map. tli,- l,I,„.k
bcei
in 'he ii,.rth,rn hlo.-k tli,. Ixlt rapi,ll
1 eut away ilurinp: tl
glomerate. 1
the (I
n this s
ip ill, 'I*
Li ire
hort t
rtl;
uith r.sp..,.t t,) th.. l,],
y narrows i|,,wii .>
po-ition I
'o th,
e en.sion pr.-,.(-,linfr tl,,. ,1,
iiA-nie ,)f h,.it .1 th,. ,(
iiortliwist.
riki" av.'rai
'11 tiif iinrtli.
•liiT,. it ha, I
' Tren.. cin-
rgo .piartz veina. nMiallv 1
in th.. schist-. One of
tll..M> V
yiiij.' in til,, plain's ,,f -.-hist,,.
111!-', tr m 1.". t,i •2ii f,
I't in tlii,.kn
itv are comnu
ess, and well
ini'tiin I,/ I III , III, I- , , ,, .
'"' •nil I \\ 1 i;i,\ii\i I i;
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
pxp"- I in ,, hiyi, Hitr ,,.■„,- .,! , ■
'"•" '— -IMi;,.. „,i,.,.,i,„.. ,„■ ;J . ";;;,"■ ""■ •.•"••'J-^'r.l of ,hi. v..in are
n-ulf, u,H u.-e.nW.. ' ' ' ' "■''"'- '" •!"■ I'n-i..n. ,„Hnl- T ,.
Tl,.. .1. 1 . •
Ti"'' (I-1..1.1I1,.- ,,r ii„, |„
'■'■'|'-i-.-.n,i.,i,.,J^\. ',;-;;■ I; ;ii;'.^i.-..vn. ■.■■! „..
P:'.-l<..t^..f .„I.,u, ,„nu ,1,.. ,„.i ':,!.'■ ',,'" ''''■ '""■" ■'-•-^■^l. Tl„.
„ ,„„- ,„„., ,,.,, ,„ I,,. ,,:;„,;,';:;;;' .'■■^^'"'; -Ir n f..w inches in .li.uno,or
I 'H' ill t rn-i\-t. V, ,.I .
■""■^i^ ^z:::'^ r;::-r^::: '' '-i",,,,, ;,„,,,,.„ ^„„,
J'' Iroiiioii/iii of lull I: -i-i , ,
""'I !• r-Ht,.„t |,a,„i- ,,r ,|,,.,,,„, , ';'"" ",""■ '"''- I5-1' /' 1-nr. tl,i,.k
■—V .Mi,.. -,.|,i-,, Ti, 1„ ■ ^'"■'■"^"'"^' "•"' Mn.nt.in, ,„„| „,,,,ii,i,. „„,
I'>-i-t riv,.,-nn,l S.nu„if ,■,..,.., ,„" n'"" I'" M "'"'"'' ^"i" "" "" '''■^i''" '"-n^ow
-l^::i^.;;;:-;;;'"''' r-^^ ^
'^ ^;,r '- 'I- ■lip i- ,.n,:;i!:,ii:';:';ii:.';r"'"" ""•""^'' "- -'<• ti,.. .twu
'"■•■•;■""•"' ;-"' '•'= "-e .lip. .1'; . ,-. . Tl,,-.' "■'"", T''- ■'■'"■ ^^"■'^" '^
'•" *ho s„ntl„.„-t l.y M i,-;(> ,v,„t |,an,l „f 1 .V "" ^'^^' ""^'""«tono is .ncccedDd
''"'■"""'1 I'v !'•- fV..t ofwl, ""' '"""' "'"' '"l*Pi"»-' TO I-:, r,
■onwai.i,. ..,i„;,l:^'-n;:' „::;:;•;': ■'-■•''■'-, '-.^„h..in. y..„,.„,.,o .i,;;
■-^',il" ,■ iv.,'v>Ai* •.•^(li
i
aea
nn-nnvr\r i>f riir i\rrifinir
y iniHlli.T h,.n,l of ,|„l,..Mit... wlii 'li i
2 GEORGE V„ A. 1312
■. v..,y M.Mili.r to i|„. tir^t .|„I,m,i(,. ,„...„,
thick.
'11
111.' s|>r.'iincn of ihu -loloiiiM,. { \„ s,ri : , • i
"'"'I'- 1—1 1-t „i.„ ,.f „„. ^. ,, J,^ ,. ■' ':, '-■■>• ^1''"' ly ■<■ .1.
IViVst Hiv.T »..rn.„.. ft I . i ■ ""^'"■■""" '•^'"■'- '""HniMir i,, tl„
wcatli.'rs nitlirr Miiiforinly l.nnvnM.
IP from wliit. 1., |,„1,, |,||,„ '.„,,|
IH V.'illlotH ,,f vvllil
WH(> f|„. rn(
I' 'lllKI'tZ ilMcl liv ll
»lli,l
!■* II viry
1 ill tl'o I., Iff. wli
"'"I'Ui'Mi ■>. Iiiii--«i-aii,i--|
l'"W or lutr. [i i, iriin„,(,,| |,y
1' IS of vci-y .• nipnrl ,|o|ot„it,.. Ot),,
iiiiiMi r
'■" l"> :i|i|>rr.i:
liliirlM. -likr I
--• '•"i-n xitnn.linK to normal ,|,,|,
I'll' liiipnrily.
:iniily-i^ I>v Pr.i
"nil- IHTlly rlo-l-lv
1 -hki' im:i«'< (ll I'Hrlioiiiito,
'IMii' <|'(N-iii(. urjuiiv i-
"f liidii,!,, ;,ffor.|,.,! f
ii' folio", lus I'o-iill :
. I iiiihi
■I 'l»htl,iilr. I'l
1 1' si liir'i- h'lniiK
SiO..,
A! <).,
JV,0
KpO..
MkO.
• ao.
N»,().
K.o.
S'Ht
l!);w
Mo iit iiu (•
11,11 111
<"o,.
iilxivc 11»'<'
•ii.t
<;)■;
Mol.
• {¥»'.
•t's'i
-m
•001
•03S
•WH)
Sp. K-r
Piiitiiin iiisoIuIiIp in hvil
90.8.->
2-8'>2
(I I iM'iili
1. 111. :,<M'~^
TihI
I'l- iIh- iiii.'r...-co|i.' ill,. ,Mrl..>iiatr i.
uraniilar afrjrii"i;at<', tin
aliout Oils nun.
loiniiion ill till, ilolonii
!•< n |(
' I'l'i-nr 111 i!io form of
10 urn 11, liiiiinr of ratlu'
nmi'Irr. Tliry nrvr sl,o«- i|„. ■■lionil.oli,.,lr",ii'"o,",'l'
r iiiiitonii «j/,
avc raijiiiu
Im
»' easily fxnia
Ics of ilio l.iwi^ am! (iai
lliopouKhly re ly-tallizri! and
!'.V lli»' fact that all of
vounjicr ilnloiiiitc.s
inorc
now liuvc tl
loll -fr\{
till- I'rii'-t Ui
TLis ijitr.
.lol,
ri'Iii-c iiiav
niitcs liavt
•r |i-s lorfccily. 'r
niple.l liy a fi w .sinail kim
I'i'iii lo liavo pri-crviij tlh
11' -Minliiiv of trill' inarli
If. wliilc til,.
w praiiiilar
:i.'-|iial siiliiiii ritary striicti
'iuaiitity n
f ll
.f irl
■mile of tlie thill s,.ct
>rlii*s.,.|ear .|iiarlz ami felilspar. Tl
Mil IS l|lt(.
le visii
il'le ill livilioehl
'-• ...ipiintns niat.^i,.. «..ll ,li„ ,,„r,i.,„ of ,|,.. roek fnnml to
imiile II)) of ill,, earlionate. rlii,|.. ,
almost iileal dolomite.
It happriis that, a small v,.ii,l,
orie ,i,'i,I. .\|„,„t !.4 per ,-,.nt of the roek
liV tin
li.v weiifl
ratio. f'aO: \l«() (Mi!:n
ht i.
'f the reek, a
d
t el
ppear.s in tli,. .)
'■ross-eiittinjf the i
nam ma —
in diameter ThrouRhont
•in .-eeiioi, -i,„li,.d. This veinlet i. :,l,o„t I „;
extent it< trraiiis arerasre ah.iiit i>i
lis visihl
II trim I m niiiiint s^i n,,\-mi it j^s
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2Sj
M. .li,.m..t. r ..,. ...nMl.lv ..,,,,..1 ,„ „„. .u..,.k.- .I,a ,• ., ,l„. ,r,nu. „. ,1„.
\\ut.Tl,„., Al.vn. Sa.U. .,,..1 SI,,.,,,.,,,! .I„|,.,„it,... 11.-,,. „. .1,. „• w.. lu.v.. .
^-toaJy i*r-.-t, M.- in ll... .,/, ,„• ^,,.,1,, „|,i,.|, ,-h.r.,rt, ri .. !!„■ ,.'m h,i,. ,llv ,,r,
' i|iit.it.<l ( jrlioiiiii...
'''"■ ■"■•'•^'' •■'"' 'I ' 'I" i.-.i»-r....i i.n.i ,,(■ ,i,.i,„„,.. A,,-. ,„ ;„. , r ,1,.
mu,Mven... ,-t .1,.. rock, n..t r. Mily ,l..,..n,n.u..l In.t. .,- u-u:.l i,, ll,- /„n.. ll...
tor.m.r w„- a (.»• ,l.-:,,v... ..„-: ,,f „„r,l,. whil.- tl„. ,1 ,.„„-,| ,., |„. ,„.;.r!v'
vertii'al,
KilM ..f lli, .ii,alv/i.l .l.,|.,iinl,.. o.it,n.|.h w.t.- few f„i ,,!,.,'it HKt (-,^.1 ..f
.•r....-..vti„„ l„.t that -.r,|,.|, „,„„ ,„ I.,. ,a„l,-,.|.,iu l.v ,|,.|,.,„,i |,l,,ri|,. .,■!,;. f
|.n.l phyihii.. ,„„.. ,.-,,M. Ii,u„.-,ilnl.lv !., ll,.. .-a-iwar.l an,! .-t al |.|„. vv.-i,.,-.,
l-u-.- ..I .\..i-|l. S-„- |,..,k, a .'.X. r,..,l, ,„a 1,^ v.Tti.-al. l>an.l „t -l„ar.-,| ,|irl.v
Wlut.- .l,-l„i„r.-. .alla'.ll.y v. II, an. U •„. t|.,. „„,-t .a-l..rU |,,,,t ,,f l„ It /.•
Iho .-tr|l«. „( the laiMl aii.l ,.t its .,-lii-i. -il.v \^■.,^n■. ,, al„,iit N. .", !■;. ; i|„. ,|,,,
avi'ruirt- "-It I-,.
A review of tlie tM'ld-m.ti-s «>iiK>t<'»ts tliat Ih^Ii I: i, a\ , ■n-i ,i ,ii. a .L.^.-U
tt|,:)r..,s,,l I',, I, I. 11,,. . r,,.i.,|i ,,1 wlu-li I, a, |,r,,.|ii, ,.,| ,i .jupli. .,i i,,„ „t il„. ||,,v, .|.,|,,.
"'"''■ ''■'■' ' "■ '■••" -' I' - •■' '!- I" It. Il,,«. •.. r. tl„. wn .-..ii-nUTal,!,. ,Mr...-
.'n,'0»ol tlii,kr,..>s l„.tw,.,„ il„. ,,.., ,iv.. I,,,„.|, ,1,„. .„p,,„,.,,,l ,,, |„. ,l„,,li,.„i,.,l.ar.
»<> Kr.-al ll,at ..i,,- . ani„,i !„■ -ur,' ,,| tli, |.,.-iulai,-.l i. |. liti,,, h, aiiv ,.a-.. il„ r-
1^ ii,>,vi,lon,i. Ill lln. ..,.tl,„, as |., wIhIIut iI„. C,,!,! i- an Mnt;,'!i,„. ,.r a -M„li,...
Ill n., ,,llu.r part ,.| I., it /; , ,:„M tin-; [...int, I itl,.,|. In t',,- i.,.n, ra! Mi„.'tan'
"■'■"""• l!i''<l' >•'•■ 11" atl,-in|,l i, i,ia !. I., -li,,u ila- tni,' ri'lali,,,,. , , tli,' ..n'al
m,,M,„-hii,'. It Im- -..,.,n,.,| l,..tt(.r t.. ill,.strat,. .imply tl „,,ifi,-al f.. :. ,.{
h.'l.l ,.l,..rxata,.n rat'i.T than t, alL-inpt tl,.. pr,,.!,-,'! n-n ..( f,,l,i, w|,i,.|, „n,l, . ,|„.
.■ir.Miiii-tan,,v ,-,ail,I I thimr ,.u,. ,1,.,,, fan,. if,. |,
H..lt /; i^, iha-. ,-„mp„.o,l ,-f l.aih mi, .a ,,.1,,,,^ ami ,I..I.,i,,it,-. |„ t'lat
Ml Ilio -■ar'aonal,. r,„-ks ar,. r,'lativ,.|,v n„)n. al.umianf than a anv ,,i1i,t l„.!t in
thv ]>„.-t l!iv,r i,mim.. Th,. p.-r-ist. „f ti..- ,I„lu,i.,- nl.int' tl„. s,rik,-
tli,.ir n.aHy v,rti,-al -lip. tl,.. n„tal,|.. -tPaii:l,tn. -, ..f ,.a,-l, lv,i an,l ,.f ll,.- .a,tir.'
bfit a,'io..s .\",,rtli Star in-.u„tain, ami tli,. ticia-ral piran..|ls„, ,.f l.-U, .| .,n,| /;
t.j tli<> l.im,| ..f [,■,■ a.nirhamrat-. \v,,nl,|. a', tirsi -i-l,t. -,,f;i:.-t tliat ,| l,..|-f
the upiHT pan „f tl,.. I'm St. Uiv.T -,.ri.- U ,„nr. ,r.„al,l,. t., ih- ,,^,.,-|s i'„.'
,>i.mn„L HTi.s It is l,..Ii,.v,,|, l,„wc.v,r. a. „„t,-l ,! ,-wl,.r,.. that rhi. ;r,.n..ral
paralel,-tn of l,..lt.s .1 „,i.l I! U, ^U■ h ,m| „f Jr..,, n;..h.,m,rat.. is pattiv an
in,M.I..|,ta' n-siilt , t il„. stn.ML' npnifnit,..- an,l inasliin^r whi.-h liav,. f.-r-,..!
th,^ tw„ Kn.'nnl,,n„ahl,. .,.ri,-s i„t., ,„,.;, i.n. „r appar.-tit ,-.,„r„rt„it v Sis ...-,.«
norti, ot the Honn.lary, bolt /.' has h,v„ hn,k,.„ l,y tl,.. sai,;,. fanlt whi.-h o«-..t
belt . I a mil.. ,>r more ..aitl, .,f Summit ,.,.,, .k. At th,-.r, .1; U' th,. .|,.l,.mi-,-
..n.^ s.hist,s of l,..|t li aiv cntir,.|y nit „tT l,v a s,.,.„„.i ,,, ,-^p,. „„,„/,„
that th.-so ,-ucks arc ri>pIa,o,|. north of ih,. |l,.\v.ln,.v trail, hx fla ,|„.ap,.,| ,,',,.,rt.
ziles i-hara,'t<'risti,- of h,-lt ''.
Th,. d„l„initi,- bamU „f l.,-lt /.'. ilk,- tl,,,,.- „r h..], .1. ,.arrv -,.,all I,,,,,,.',,.,
of Kal.na and ofca^ional .rystals of eopiK-r ,)yrit,.s. \oithor f tl,,-... ,i,-,-
«-her,. ihoy have hinn a.Mnally pr.,-iM.,.t,.,l. as at tho .-laiins ,,f ' f,,|,,„.r Camp'
■Ml
^lA-i' im^m
^M
i>n-\i!i\ii M >,i nil i\iinii,h-
' fPi.r- ill rihn,, ■< ,,t «,,iU;,l,!|.
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
■I." .mu.ri,,! ...,| ,...1 ,>, ^ ly:T^ ^•""":- "f ""■ -M'i.l..-. 1.1,1
-.. :.--r,.,.;:;;!:;;:ir;:;r ' -'.•'... ^...i.s. ■
:'t;:'" •■■v^.:'.,;:;J:;.:i,:;:;::::^rn::.;;'7'- -•"'-■"••"
"•i' ' "... i„.^l.. ,,, t ,111, i„ , ,,• V ,.,.<, '"'■'' '■""■" '"•'•"-
•'».'. inlly ,!,., „;, „„. ;,,j, ., , '• r;'- "-''-I" 'I'ar th. I«„„,lary lines
irr.., .■oU,u,.. Wi.lii,, , :,, . , 'V'" •""'""•' "■"■""! " ''--l^ ^-..iii.l,
I I- "i'"iii'. '11--, Miiniit«.,| I,, I, ,iiio« ,,( ,,.|iUf, ;.,. -i-i
•£■".1 Till., .,.l,„n,.,..,.,„i. „,„ ,. i 1 , ""'"'''^ '•'"•';■"■ "■ i-'rnplii.i,. or otli.r
'" "-"^"'''' ^'" ^-'" ^''' """"'" ■■'"-•'i:: :-:::.,::; tnir:,; '
.no. ,.;i,. ,.,,;,: L;;:j\;i,:i'—X^r- i^ ^:- ;■;;■- /;; t ,,
^'I'out rr.' K. Ai l.Tiilitv .,..nr tl.„ • /\, "•• '''o <1'P avera(?e«
lip of the ..iii-,o.,v I ;•;. "v'^rT'r r ^r*' •''""• '"""•""'"■ ••^"
•P..r..i,.. i. „.,r,i,iil|v ,„ 1,1 ' , ; '^ ' 't\'\ .■'— '..itl.v ,„inrt.i,i... Tho
"•iUiiii ,],.. „„„„,;,„ 1,. ,. ;'^,„r;^M'' 'I- ;-'--.rpl,,.o,l .o,li„K.„.i,ry.
nn.l .hloriti,. ..,,„. i,l,,„. wit; ,'\t''''" '■''"-''•!-- ^^^ -ioiti,.
whi(,. or buff. Tlirv nr., oftnn A • ' «>•""" i^h-Rn.y. wnthcrin^r
\ "^^
'^■m vdUHteJR;'ll
/;/ /''</.•/ (,/ , //
I ' in I I 1 / i:,,\iiMi H
SESSlONAl PAPER No. ?5.
A I S
I'o'iikIIv IIK'Ii
liiuiiit .ri'i-k ;'ii'l
im...l)|i..g,.i| l.j- til,. J!,
ir, i',«- r'
.(■ tllr 1.. 1
irp most iiotiiM* ill tKo —I
i^oi.hf ►iiiiiivii.ipjf,. i„||.
ii«ioii. Tl
366
I'l'
iTi.itc, ('lil,,rit.' iiihI 1
'■i ».-..• I.iiu.k \,: t'l.ti. fl„. mmmII .l,r..|
-triliii
ri
itr cniiirMMt t(, tl
ll llir ^.■|,\^l,,lli/rti. t
i"iil. tin- r. .
I'- r «'iit!Mt'
I..V tMl...|
.nil! f.ul.
ifJ-'-Trl;;!!,
■f liirj."' I .lit-
'.ir-, -ur:! iiiiMi Hill
i>- ifii.n idiylHti.- <chi*t-i t'.ir 1
•i-lii«r Im
iithliiar or Ir
i.l
■■!,•,;. t-il.-t;, I:
IIU' I- (IS ):i]iv
rijiii thn h ili„liil
ll
titiief.
(■r<i!ir.-ii:
-'■«lilM.'rI;ir;,.. Tl,, f,!,, |,,„„|,
• I- ill the .t,i|ili- |,|i.:
111,. .■!
i-'io-Miu «|".''''ii. "111. ll. ll,. oil it 1
■lii-l iir.
h.ir'ilv 111, 1
'i< "riu'iunl
..f .1,,..,. .,1,1
l<'-'i ff fr im
I,. ,,|-
iiiiinitc. ll, ,.i K
11 l.ihv, Iv I.
It I .liir-i ,li,.<, Miiiint) ,|
111;"' -i/,., I* ^lill 1, t
|..:it..- .
f ll
11 In
liiir,| niiiir'/il,
O,
li^lril.uti'il ll
J. ll
(■ qi..:|t/.
'-■■lit. i.T :l»
I'll!, ^ II r>
HUif li\
ititf
•.■i>i,'ti
-'•I'll nil, I, r till
V
l',.tli
the !
•-'• '11'' il '• ll -M 111. .1,1,. Ill i)
~\<-\T- IIP'
phiuioi'l.i-c nil
1, n .riiiiil -i-liisi nil
•lii-t- (111,1 i|i:irt/ii.
I,. 1, .-..fii/nl I.
I- imt p
;i.
111. t
i.|.
ii'^i..|i.pi.,ti
,|ii.iri.|l,.
.illv
"llil. III
l.v 1 1
t,' .iCi-il,
II" ;;i-i.n;ii,' iiiiii;ii
' t "I, i|.|.!|, -i'.l t.:irl ,,f (|„. |„ ]t. It
'1 ■ "-Itll ,',.rt:|lt,lv t., t,.l,|,|,:||,l,;,,,,i,„,
' t' tlu' IVI,
[Sf'.l;
I HlV .|.| ||. U
••^iT'itllL' I'll lit
iir'ii;:- |,
I'-t-llii t:il
til,' t;,.l,l r<]
111, ,11-
ll"lplll-lll
i;rnnifi' I'ontaot. The ^reat wiilil
I Its l>. /■; ,111,1 (
Ml'. , lit. nil I
1, .1-' tW.i ll
Ihm'v p1,
iii'liriitc tlic piiiliiiluliiv til ,1
tl
pliif I'olliir lu illiiMriitod it
phiiiL't's .iii,I,.r llie ri.i'ks nt iiiiil -„,i||i ,,f .S
I '11 ••(iiitii,-l-.iirt'.
I.1I1P4- lictWi'l'II
iiiiiiiiif '-r'..
St thf
iTii'k
(.'iiiniti. mill il„, , 1,^ , x|>,,>„l ill ,
•II
i^f pP,,l,ill>ly l.'K, iliiiii t
in- ,||.l''ll-
f
1' l,l'-t. |..v[)(,-.i;ri'-l ,,f
(.'^i,- Fi^ii
ih.'.il ,11
1'. It'V
I'.. I" )
rmn \ortli St
\liicl
tl ii.-iiiilK
ii; iimiinlniii, Tl
ilir Ih It «■• r,. f.11111,1 ,,ii ll
11' iI'Il', hum
'iiicidi
v.. Tl,
-and— S.. the ilin v
illi tl
1' !■•■ t^i,. ^triki
If -..lll-ll.-llv
iii'nr!
p varion fni
.V vcitii'iil ilip mill
plllllr
,'.|.!i
-.1 t
nil... -i.ii
plm
K. til ;ii \v.
■'x miles iifirtli of tlic |i,,ii!.,l
-wiiiifr .II,, mill.
ml -Inki. |., i-i-i f,
r"iii V J.'. 1
witli the uvunijte nboii
r il ili-liiii,i. ,,)•
mil, ,,!i til
irriuliiiill.v iipp|.,,ii,,inn>f N. tl.", \'„
ur.v liii,.; 1,1,1 ,i|,.|i^r .>>,,i„„|jt ,.r,,,.k tlio ,tril.,
II' in 1 i;iL'< .
!>■
Di'W'l
•Wiliii'v triiil Is uppinii,.li, <1.
If .v. Ill K
ll-llTU li'llil l,f
ir.iii,jli,,.il i!
till' I!
Ii0.\ M.iil tl:.. >tri';,. t
villi.
Il'iir lirll ('
qiuii't/ili.-i I. II
Ills f.
Ill, i.f
th
ll.voni,'. yliiliil.
ll'- r,Iiiti,.ii iill',,,.,!
l.v till' i:i iiiTii! <.,.iitii,.i lii f
elopiii.in .if pcriphern) oloavuir.'
p!- nil 1 \,',.||,.|ii illiKf
(bwliliiifr) in the -i-l
tiist-ip.iirtziti. iilimt' tl
.ii...iii 11 liiitlh.lith. The (lip of ,l,e Imml
It iiMrii;;,
i-'encnilly with tl.|. ,1),, „i the ...(ij,,,
Wilt, l.iit i, liijililv variiil,],.. ,,s cxiM.,-t.',l ill ,, I,..), ,,f
]'lai>i'ii mi,l iiin-liil ,liiriiifr bntholitl';- : ■- -
I'litiii-t cillnr ioi'iii- f,
iMti',11 i,f thf
m^
• iiK'l'le
ii'irtli-
I'lii'rL'-i'ti. jillv ,li--
iili-.iit i!ii t,, tl
lie iiilni-ii.ii
/'./,
tf/ni/'lui ,,/■ /,',// /.;._lj,,], /.■
1- ,"lllp,
.1 I.f
(M-'.iip
v:m more intensely nietumorplinse,! ,],;„. ,h„«,. of belt I> The il
hlirhl
Klily sirii'iti.
S'lllst 11, wl
lominant typ«
iirL'c l,i,,titi' fiiiK have bi'en cxti'iiuiviOv
aee
/>i:i:ii,-rMi:\i nr rut: /.v/f.
ffKiK
lrVl'l(,|M(l
:li<>MU' (lie |i|
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
.ardiitKl-iMiiss ,,r the rock
lllllllCS ,.|
1-. 11^ I i-iil
■'"-'"•'ity. (I'l.it.. JT, Viii, I!
tVIt ;ir.> tl
HiUennK Mt . f .|u.,ri/ ,„i.l :,l.„„,|
it;iif til 1
) 'I'
ii- (rt'iuTiil
iii'ilniiii-t iri||.i
«ri^'lll-li ;;nn
"■ ■■"",".'' '"• !"NM«'>iu.l liiiitit,. plal.-. ^y]
Hit -criiito. Sprinkl.'il thr.,ut!h fli,
in (li^iiiiiU'V. riio liiiiiit
folour. stiirida nut
ifflily lii-t
"•'III-*, ;ll|,|.
1 iMii-i' riiiiii 1 iiiiii. t,
1 hciiocry>tic ,1
pr..m.n,.,itly on thu .surfaco of the rock. Tl.
I'Vi liipitl, lit i.f I
M^ii'iiallv
lOtll.' i< ,.)
t iiiiy I it Ik r ||
"I'll III I,
•It /•;. i-,
air.iw liaii.is ,if in It I)
"■ ''"'- '■'■'-'" i' I'lil.V 1 i,l|,,l ,1„, |„.i
'>" •> int. of il^ .lark, r
is siH'cial itsoiiil.i
I an.!.
i.iiM.-t,.ri^ii,. ,,t- tl„. wlioj,. |„.|
'■^ n.it an .•^.■iiii;,] ('.•ai.
AI.Kif,.- witli till' li
HariK ts uNo
I. ■.'Ill' -|iaii>;li < tl
K'plai-i'.
'Pffl ill til.
r!> arc otir
|il:'iirs .i| <
lak
cliara.'tirl/i<| m
<'lii-!o~ilv.
t. of ' -|iaii«)c.|
M many pal -n.,l,li,l, aiilw.lra!
Tl
<-^ .111 till'
-l/f of the 1
■vito ,,t t
K' MTi.-iti' IS .•oinriioiiU
"• .il-illiiary typr. tli.,iijf|i i(.
^■'"■'"•1- til,, small >liiv.i, of .
Mli.To-.-i.Ji,. to 1 ,. arraii;;. ,1
'•no to I |,<,,,.\
/ir<-oi|s ami n
'■ I;"''";- >l>:iM^:l,-. Ai nil ,,|,e 1;,,.^,,, 1
rii-lio an. I
Pf limtit
n.Tiiiric I,
qiiai < -rams arc ..ficii
c< ami til.
.It.
II 111 fjaiii. I il.r.
Tl
>l ri;til.. (.
nil 111., a.
I. re ar.
i.\cr~; tin,
^ s.-lii-t-. A
--.irirs of tl
'^I'cii iin.kr tli.
niatioii I, III,. C,
iill'c ma;;ii,i ii,..
I III I liar
iali,-i!i.iii |,|.|\\,
n til.' f
-l..':u-c.l .piart.it.'. ulii.-h i- always s,.ri.'iti.. '," "''l "' ''7;-;'" "■"'^' "
■l"t~ .,f ,lark l.i.,tit.' Tl, . r •""''■""""""'>■ M'<"-Mc.l uitl, mil, ,11,
Mhl.,.lt/.tiii;i,ii;-/.-. "•"""^ ■■"-'■ -""''-• •■• " -l-rai-cri^ti,' .„
.1'- ^ZM:!'^-:::!::rT!';7fr''''' "-' "-^ ■""•"' ^-^ -^ '•- -''^
I'l.ovsl 1. i,. i..„ s , k ,,Tu "7 ""'■ '■■ ^''""■"'' ^""' '''"'''>■ """^" •
intr„-i , ,1 Hc „ , ; " " :' '" '""":'"' "•''"''"■ -^ " '"' ^'"-'il-
an c^ ,..! u,, „";■'";■ T" ^' '"-'•'■-"''-'•''l-it,. si'liis... uiti:
;:-.K...rx..;.i/s;r:;.:.:;;;-:''w:H^;::;;:::^:;;r
tofin i<»-i 'in't 111, I. . 1- I' ■ I f ' -» 1 (MMin> iM'i /. ^ lair V
n..., n.oK l.o.K ol „,,). s,.|i„„.|itary r„.'k wliollv nulamorpl 1
'I'" M'liisios.i.v planes iisiinllv .trik,' ,,..,.,||,.| ,,; ,„„ ■"""7""; "'•
-.•'.i-t..si.y. Ti„. '::;ial^:.. ;;;'■ -':'^ ••'--''-'' -i.i. tin. ..f ti„.
'">'- at a„.l,s ..f from ,o\ ^^ . •,';' " "';"" '"'""• '" '•'" '"'■''
••"!.v km.un „,„ ,1,.!./ ,^;''' ;■'''''■'- 't -^ *'•' ^''""" ""■ •"■"• It l~
:-' '■••"•^•'■^ "■• •.^:<. :;::;:;.':;.;:';: ,^:: •,:;:;:;:;;:■'"■',. "r ,"■■ '■)'
"it.ii-,. mclaiiiorpliism, ,|,„ |„.,|,|i„;, |'. „. ,, '7""7-. ' ""^"l-niifr ll,..
,-:. /y,. u la>,>r~ <■ rmli ii, ai-L'illa.' .material. fPlat.
Tiir ^Pan^l,',! s.-hi-ts veiv ,..]|.,u...i IV,,,,, ,1,„ I;,„„„|,,,
llll.- In th,. |.i,|„,
A^'^^-'':
■\ .^^iS'M&'^'mWi
;^fK'%' >4A1KEE0*>^
m
iL^'K.:
i:i rnirr nr i in i mil i.^/h'i>\uMi-:it
-F.SSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
26-;
JM.t .out. ,.t Sumnnt .-r,..!.. Tl„.,v |„ 1, /.; |,„ „,,,,,,, ,, , „„„ „„. „„|,^,^
..f -a act m.ta,„„rplns„, l„.l„„^rintr .., tl... l!.,v..,„„. l,.tl,„li,l,. ( ,„ ,|,., i,,.„,,,„.,
o nl '?•?' "7'!"' ^''■•"■^''"'1 -I'iM i^ l.,~. an.l .1,,. r.K-Us wind, appear
.-h.., alt.natins «,tU m„-;K-o,.u. .p.arlziu.. So ..„„„.l..t,. i. ,l„. r, -rvMalli/.,
";7 '",'. ',' '"'^ r"-"\''' i'"l'---il'I" - -l'M.a„. M ,:,.,.t-„„.ta,M„rpl,.:..,l p.,,-.
yt iH-lt A lr.,„. ,h,. surnlarly al,, n.,| ...l.i.u „f ' 1, r;. ,.■ „ ,|,i, r.L.n l„.|, /■■
1^. .n t,.. ,„ap. npr.„MU..| m.- , ,:,li„. in ,„ :,rl,i,nn-,v ll,„. ,l,aw„ U. Uu\i:.U-
,t ."■■„ ■" -• ""• '--"-.V ns,.,- im ,., ., p„„„ ,• ,,,11.., „p S,n,u,nt
cr,,.U, II,.. ..„:„-„ ^1, „,.,,,„. „,i,.., .,.!,;,,, „i,|, ,1,,,;,, ,,„„„,;,. „„„r,.,|a,l„„-
■vpn.'-nt tl,.: ut.no.t .Ty-talli,,,,, a„.| a ■.,,■.•.• -,ril<i,.^- parail..] to ,vpi,.al „,i,-a
-1,1.1. ,u ,1.,. «,..af p,vCa„.l„.i„„ ,i..;,| „,■ ,,„,.„, ,.,„^„|^,^ Tl,i/..p..,.,arula;'
;?""""■'"'"■ '■""•"■ '- """■'■ 'l'^'" '" il- "i.l- a. M„a.,nivl .,„|wa,.| fr..|„ t!„.
tl.o >t iKe ol ,o,l, .,.|„M.,M,y a,..l l,..,|.li,.K l.a, b...., r,.nv.l ar,„.n.l <„ as t.. 1.,-
■Z! -- '"""■' "" "r. ""■'■'!■'"' "'■ ""■ '->■■■•""■ — "■■ -''I'- 'lip --a;:..!
■■H «,vo,mt „l tl„. heavy l„r,.s. ,,.,.,•. ,h,. i,.,„n„a,i,.„ wa. 1„„ „.„„.,,, -,,,.;
net r,-.,l, ,,| ,1,,.-,. M-av,-,-.^ u,.„t ,,, .!„,w ,|,al ih,. z,„„. is. like 1., It 1). r.,„.-
l"..se,l ,,1 .-l„a,v,| .|„art/.if,. will, M,K.nl,„ate i„,..r!...,U ,:f „,i,,, „.l,i,, '|-|,„
•liiart/.it- 1, here i, anally i,i,„.h mmv s.-l,i.st..,e than ilial it, h.lt l> aii.l i- .-hiellv
a tn,e Muurtz M-hisl. S,.riei„. „v uvll ,|,.v..|„p..,| ,n„M.„vite. l.i,„i„.. „,„| ..hL.ri,.'.
^'1 "• "n„„n. t.„U ^.ivin.' by n.He.i,,,, ,.„i,„.|ik.. „,i,„l,. „,• H^^la f,,,,,, ,he pla,.,.:
M ^■■l";;t"''t.v. are the n,i,.ae,o„s ,„i„..raU l',,n,.e,l l,y rhe dy„ai,ue „„.ta,.„„-pl,
r-.:.i. Ih.- i„t, >•,■., latol ..li.-a ..rhi-,. „r„ „„„.|, j;,^,. ,|,_,. ,,f ,,,,,, ^ , ,^^ ^^ ,'^^^^
a!,-.--t teve,- -h,.w the l,i„t;,,. -p,,„J,.- eha.-.et.-.lMie ..( ,1,,. ,,,,.1,, ,,,■ |„|\ /.;
In hylh the ,,na,t. ..hi.t- a.,.l .... „,iea -hi-t. the,v ].. ,.1„-,. ,„ ,|„. |.,,„,',
... re.M„l ,„,.„e.-. II,..-.. u..at„re- ar,. r,,.,r,h.,l as .lue to s.K.eial eo.tact-
""■'^ :,"'";";; -.^ ''^'■"' •" ^.'r-.-heari,.. a,„phiholit,.. Ijr. iVct whle. a„.l
:.pi;a-e„t]y f,.l]„w,nfr the ho.l.lia.-ph,n, . of ,1,.. s,.hiM :„„;,.. ,„.,;. „!..
KvKert ,n,n,t._ ,. anoth..,. ..,n,„p!,. of .natlv „...ta„„„,,l,„..,| ha-i,. i,„n,-iv..-
1.1 the 1'rie.^t Kiver terraiie.
lVrlph,^ral >ehi-tosity wa- .|,.v,.l,,,>,^.| i„ ,!„. h.-lt hv th,. Uv-k.Tt .M-,.,it,
-„-.,.,,,„. .)„ ,i«, „.,nh -1.,, f no,,,,,,,,, ,.,.„, „.,, „„. „„„,;,.,_ ■;•,,;--;;,
..I .....hof; a,,. I <,•!,, St. .<,ty wa, .ihs,.rv,.,| t,, ran fro,,, X. jr, K ,„ y .,v K
w'ih <lip-; \aryiiifr fn,,,, :',,, t.. i:. V. \V
•.bo„t V ,.. X\ . a„,l th.. ,l,p varies fn.,,, T.", K, X. K. t,. ::, ' W. s W F.„.,l„...
w.-t tho ,l,p is northerly an.i tlattens ,„ jt, ■ ,., 1,.,.. T-.^anl the w,M,.rn lin i't
■•t belt /•.,,„ the -ame ri.l^re. tMe Mriko is aho„t X. ,'V K. a,„l the ,|ip n.^arlv
urt,eal. I„ all th.-o ,.n.o. ,h,. -trike an,l ,lip r,.f,.,. ,,. „„. La,,,;;,,! „,• ,,,;.
■M^
268
ht l'\l;i VI \ I
'I I III: i\ mm, It
■I Jrtj -
••i^iiriiiH
■• fli it
It
■iust-iiiic
'-■.Mini;.
tin- I.
■In-ti,- u
•■r tl
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
i'l..:il.tr,|i
v I . I
II' Hi.'-r
I |Mi'-. riT
I'i'H ii|.piirfiitl.v ,■, iii.'i.lc
i""k~ M- it il
■ nil an
.|.|)
-<ii 1111(1
->•<■.■:> .■.)|ifi(|,.ii,.o
l<< "I" this in. It |\i||y ,. ,1,
-T-atly .■niiiipl. ,1 ^yii..|i,„.
•r II
'VKcrl -'riiiiit.
Pet
'iin Ire. 1,1,
tlli-
'II'. ill Vil-W lif tlio .-<>
.1,.,
'■'■'n;ii,/,,, „i Ifi.ji ,,
lilt. r'|.r.|:il;
I!
ire us |.. it. .1,-tailoil
-Tin
l>nnilP ;i||.| R
iii'tiniioriili
f!..if.
-Ill liC!.'
(Tt
nil
■'riicfiirt. I
iii'-t . a-U'rh ,.| ih
■«a.v lilt
-Tiin;!,. l.at|i,,litl:
I'.v rh, ,Ti!-||
mil Hie ..fill. I- 1„
.■ll-
1- I'Vrll 11
vKi,-!, 1
■It '/ lil- l;(.tU,
i^ive I . ii-|,irp.| I,
""I "ii' tw,. I.alhoiiil,
ili:lil
iliff "I tin
pei'iijiar 1
lal.il
tli-ll n(" tl
II ~lr,,|iL
'■'iifwaril pi-,.--, I,.,
"' -'■'liiiieiitariL's ill th
iiiil "roiii
i.iii- ha- h.
'■•"(-••.•iiii' presto, in- mjiii-h 1,
'"•'I'l' iii'iiihtaiii-hiili,!;
Inlcr t.. li\-, ;,,,,
I- '■'■iifai't-hnniti i-
■ " hr..ii;:ht ahi.iit
'IllrillJ-' tiir
-trii.-iural prol.hi,, ,.f ,|,, i,.), ;, ,^
h(-(l-riii.|i ■ \po-iiri'-.
It i-; ossuiitinllv ,.,,iiif..
'» .-^e Viiiv ill
i..ri-..|i!
iiiti-ii-
'•'■■■I all th,. I„!
■t: .i|' th.
' rori.rt thi-
'•- pri'-siircs.
Irmii fitlier.
Inti-ii-,.
:ll|
!•> 11 i-(imlui
till- r. ii,|,T,.,l ,|i'fi..,,|, i,
t.<. ami i.i'
illmlitli..
rarirv ,,t' <j
the
■i> .'■■hi-ts. Tl
'V Lrowii. Tl
ir I.
■hi-t- of
'•Il iiftor tl
ic avira
'f 1 1
■■I i.'litti.|-ij,^
■1" li-jhl II, ,1^
ij-'i- plia-
ik i:ri..t
iii'.v "t iho i.thi-r -ix hli
ll^llllrlly I,,,, I-,. iVil-ii
'ii -iraii.i.,!
iiiil ilark
:or tlif t'i
A
illlnll of tl
a Til
th
rhi- -I,
It is l):lievo(l that tl
-Till!:
Iiiiioiits wtr
•o (Idlll.tlcss
-ubordiiiatc thin iiiterhrd
If h.iinl-
clii. Ilv
-I- ii-i- ..|
,1,.!..,!.
I'-pri-. i:t till trill l..,.:,|i
liriiilliti- 1
'■"■ "iiyiii..
icnts lire Mi
iisfovite-hiiititi.
Is lif -aiiilsti
Minuinits of red (.'ariiet,
fimo< .-rrifitr hut jjiporally
'nr)7f slico.
As alronily noted, tl.,
-i-hists which form the prol
ii-rth of
-1'iii-t.i
'"■ |.|ililot.
!■■'■<• "i' 'i— rii-l
hi'ir I \i-i iji^ iiii-h
1 1' -ilii
iA
i-arryiiiy \arial.l.
am
d t.
irinalnii
nhii
"3 iinpiirlaa-
O'PIIV;
hf form ..|" th
,iml .i|>
h« Ili!l~..>-.vit6 i> in
■iia! C.iS- of rohiij.
IP nort
prohaM,. (.xl,
lii'iii P^irt of ih.. I„.|| ,il,
lyoiiiio hiitholitli. All
Piist and thus
possihlo that simil
-t ii,
Hykii-t pranite hut tl
he li Hot ted to tl
riiuphly pan
>r por'.iiicral
ion of hill a;
"•It '/. at till.
h-l to tin
•hist.ihitv
int.. th.
f-roi
iit;i|.t-lhii
1 Ti.iMorphi,. .,,.;,|.
'>>' -n-iki. i- a h'-Ttl..
fVi-l..p,.,i ,„ 1,,.],
ittg var
ii-i from X.
le ::rea.
'1',"" '"'' '"" '■■ dolormimil i„ ,|„. ,
liserv.-d r,mffinp f:
roiii
''hick
n.KS.f! rtjf,; ,<f/,-,j.,./,
ail'
:»»w K-lativelx nniri^ort
r KTiaij*- i- cMnpoftt,! .,f
I'i*- aryillii,^. arsfiJik.-.
Isi.uhiT..
. X. I.-
!i '/ th
iitlhdi
at" tha
rill. ,1
a\it'ap"o -fri
ip- ari. ('Xi-ei.(lir,!rh.
Vfiniii.li
.1 .. I ri 1. alitv. (,, ."ill
<l I
'ill,!' Tl I Klin
Will
illl'.'- i.f amphiliiijit,., th,. wh,,!,
i tin- PXOl-I't
■ ^idimi,llt-s^
r^i .rfPlJ
iind ur^lhfiM.
^m\ moiiiiii
i.ji.inl,.],, .
•i<.l"«iti
iini'iitiirv
i-k
lihlv s
rii.. I
.1' th,. I
l~t I.f
I'lioa
'lic-i
illi'ioii- -aii.|-(,
All tho>o ro
-inirli' Irilfi-.. ,,!,-,
dill.
.ll'i tl-|<lllcl|.l,.||.llv
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
"'"■ ■' -''"-'I" nil.. „f „l.oiu ,„„
.l..>r|.l..n. „i,h,.„t „|„„„i,„„
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269
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270
in.i'MiTMhM in Tin: iMhumit
r.iisrl\
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
mcniti- <i( the S
it rji,'i\ \f iiotcil.
nniiijit
i\ i.lciin-. tliji ill,. I,
I..
tl
-<I1IS coiitiiiii^
III
'liiiti' siiiiilnr in
.f
rl.M*-,
'MlKl
liiiiliili-^tl.v ilcriviil
iii.c tli<> sfrik.w aii-l (li|K „f tho In
inir"»ili..n t,. tli.i«. ,,(• i„-lt. ,1. /;, r. /;, /••. ,„|,I
liiinillvl to tliosc ill l«It .1 ,,f i|„. ,,1,1
I'lijrl
(iincriitn arc nearly or quite
• f tile liiicontV.rinit.v at tl
the similarity ,.f tlio .Idlniiiiti
liaiids ill fli(. I'ricst Kivcr s(
Is asc.rilioil to all llio s.'lii~t
li'r ti-rraii,', <.ii,. niiyht doiil.t i
11' coiiffliiimTatc, Hero it imt
i>f tl
pclililrs ill till' <M.ii>.|i, 111,. rate ti
»• cxisti'iir
••spccia
■rics. Larscly for t
till'
.lol
lly for
otiiitir
IJoiiiidary licit, ix't
I'k- (
H'twccn tlic Irene eoncj
not intni-iivcl
ns rciHnii a prc-]!cltiaii at.'<
'itiiati'il.
uitlnii till.
Iiiiirlzitc at the wcsicrii ciUre of the Root
ylmncrate ami tla' (ln\vii-f,iii!t,.,l Kitdi
uvi r proiip piiis.iiis a ^truclural
ciiay Kivcr alliiv
lllVllllll.
This
prolilcni ii* yet iiiiite iiii.<,,lvcil.
trreat Priest
rhh
-It
is, of
Piic-t River tcrrane with the oti
lint it is not without iiitcrct li
coiirs.., too early to att.'iiipt a tixeil eorrel
lation of the
icr i.rc( aiiihriaii teiraiic^ of the Conlillcia'
iini
'■^e> of ancient -ediiiicntarii s which
live that ill v
iirioiis ri<.'ions there are thick
unit ill .-tiatirraphic rolatioiis to the 1'rie-t TJ
ajilKMr to lorrcvpnml hoth litholofrical
I>oini(laiy lii
ol Motil:
A fe'
w refeieneos to typi
iver tirraiic
iX|H-, ,1 all
the lii.,,'!; Mill< ..f South Dakot
cal .-(ciionv in il,,, ]j,.
•up
tl
'ic
t rnoiiiitains
iif-'ioii. ani
il the
'e<'tioii
hip. the Fortieth raralld
llie main line of tie Canairaii ]'
pla.cs where pf.ssilile eipiivalentv .,f the I'ricHt I{ivcr torrai
11 anil ailjoiniinr portions of W
yom-
railway. mav h
In tlie Thne Fork-=. ^[
oiitana. f.
I li^ltfi) Pealc (lesrriles the ' ( 1
anil inarlili
.f the r
i|ii:irtzile;
hiViI
thi
y iiH
, fllK'i-
'lillClI,
lerry Creek iicil<
niti-1 Stall- ('.r,A
out hy T)aw~oii oi
■ful a> showiiiir till
may he sonjfht.
:ip|>'-irentlv cnllfofiuah
-talli
osical Siirve;
niica--ehi<ts
«curitv of the foliliiifr, are k
me a, the
■ ifuitl
(nt least T.iH'O (o,-i si
ii"Wii f., tftal th.
town Hi
oil fori
• i (,.\
lal'ly upon
me
till- M.'lt tcrr,
< ieosyncliiial pr
Arcl
eoluimiar -crti,.ii >.
'ri„
lean tineis
am
ii-taiiilintr
in tliii-kno"
' prolial.lv
liy e-imvalenf-. of the low
prism as
Tn the ITartville, W
just lie
crilieil
in this re
is un. ..uformalily iinclerlaiii |,y
the Kockv Mountain
■er iiieinl.,!-.
•|.
nlie.
piarlzitc:
liuili r the iiaiiie i
1
yoiiiinir. foli,, iPM):'.). \V. S. [\ Smith
if
■Wl
li \. n. Dn
aiiii 1 me-tones, wh
a ^i-rii
rix'ks of ihc niack Hills. Tl
.tpixar to r.v^rml,!,. al-o the pre-( •■imhri
leh are said to rc^eiiili!,
.f -eh
Iv th,
rtdi!
-'nci-s<s-.
A'-nnki
w
I).
yoiniiii
ha
foli I
forii
limii or e\eii \i rtical
chi-l-
ip.
Th
vhici
lUlii •!.
'f liie area .•..\ered |.\- th
' '"■'■ 1 "iiformalily overlain l.v the Mid, II,
Tl
ve ii.'t
Ali.
h<-iii adii|uately de.-i riU.,! l.nt imludi
l,f ill:
HI
Hi
hists. praphitic schist, fcrrupin
rpliiw..d
orian oM'rlap|>in
i'ock>. with hitrh ,li|,-, 1
'ar'iitii,>r,iii
iiphiholi
■th
-Iral.-
!.>; qnartzite and
i'' ''I iforii .-iMy Lematli tli,' Mi. Ml,. C
Hill
*T. .A. .Ia«Kar, jr.. Prof. Pi
!5t>e also \i-«tnn and Jrii
f Dakota. Wa»il.inptoii, IRRfl, p. so
per \o. 36. U.S. Cv
>•'■< Keport on tlic fi
'K\ ,111,1 I;,.s,iurro~ .,r 111.. fU-i
in,'„i:i ,„ iin, mil i ./,,„,„,///..
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Vm.l.,„aM „„,„!,.„- „„ ;„„„,,„„„ ^,..
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971
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the
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'^"'>"" 'i„n ,-.pr..,,,l ,,,|„.r nn.r '"" '■''"""I' '" 'I'" 'in,,,,!
^'m'an.M.ly. .|„„„ rlu. .Mn.. , ,-, . V''r;'""'' •■''""•"'- "''''•'' ''^ -'"f-'l-
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■-r.,„.. is ,1,., >ri ,j„:",l '";;'• '"'-'"-mN ,.. ,i„. ,.,.„., ,;,„ ,
f-rmity. VI,.. s.-rias a,,,... , s ' ,' ,. '""'^V ' ''"^"•""'- '" ^'Pl-r, ,„ ,.„„.
(oroits aii.i (I„. ,,r,s,.„t urii.-r „„', .'i •*",""■'''■ ^'■'""■^ '"•'• 'niit.. i,i,f.r.-i!i-
'PI... t.. . . .
Tile foroiroinc l„i,.|- -tMt,.,„P„t „f ,h,
vnri.,u, frroMps in,ii..,„... iin.„ „f ,i,o„:,i„ i',;;;:';- 1 ;;''■;" ^';">/,.i,„i.,,,- ,, ,i,„
formations „f tlio ( ■,.r,lill,.M r,ll,..r ,1? '•"rnlMt,.,,, „f ,1„. „„.;„„,
I'.tnl tl.ioknos.,. „f ,!„,„,':,,,' '''• ." ,"'"; ""'•'"''• -■•■■'1>I- tl,„f ,l„.
- <wo „f ,„e v„-t f..nn.ti,.,;:^:;K;;;,,i;r''''' " "■ '"'"■■' "''"*■- ^'- "■■"
ri:M) n'Oliiiiii: Cii.., !■.
Gen,;;,! fhsrniil In,,. --]i,-two,'n <)„. „, . , |- ■
-o-..ii„.. „.,, „„. s,,,,,,,.,,.,,.;;:':,,,,:' ,. ; ;"; ; i ' ■■- "-, ■-, r ..,.i,.
-Ton „f ;,l„„„_|^.,,. . : ' "" -r.-.i .■,.„n-al v„|.-aMi.. tl,.I,|. „„
" 'i'i"*',i -.'hitioiiis. A i-iiiiii,li ,-.|i,i,,
f p. F. Mil' Dniialil Hull •>»<.■; r t; r' i .-
JK^i^t v„,. ,. ^M:^.^a!±,^:il:>tT^ "^'- ''• ■'=^-
; (
272
i>f:r\ni\it \i 1,1 nil i\n:itn
>ii
part i.f ill,, -oa-'ifi ,,t' I!mi2
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
many c-scniii,! ,,.<
WHS .|i,.iit in tli.'ir ^tml.v imt tl
iTiili /ones 1.1
I •"■I", vci.v iiicii«ii, T
u- ri'siilu wiTt',
rriT.v-lalli/iit
II iiMiiiiiiii omjf.iii,. >li.Mri
I.-.. r..i'lv- cc.Mir ill ,,i„. of till' ("i.rclil
\i>\\
-ViiiiiIiitIi'
ii;j- II
M'i niiisl
iiii»:. with roiiipli't.
iriimpliim-. ov.TliiriiiiiK^ uinl fault
.•hurH,....n... II,.. |.,pi,„, ,vl,i..|,. .- „lr.,.,ly ,,.....1. I.a- l,....|, ,u. ..w"',.f
"" "' 'III'"-, -ill-, -l.-k-. an. I l.allh.litti.. A
lun.i.ii- iiijci't - ill till' f
iijfain ih.. U'lrii.ii lia.4 I,,,,, |,i,ri,.,| ,[
pro!..!.;;. .1 (.fLsi. II ij
ooMi'..iil Miiiiiy i|,.ii„| fuels
<•ip.ll ■li/lir.iilt
ICOnill,
iply III \,
• •^o vi.l.unic* -till i.
i-nii.ci iijiiir ill.
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II "Vi- \\,-ll|l-l|l U-il- i-it,. li.l
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<-'oiii..'iitrati'il I. II ill, Mrip .( ult.r.
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ul. 'I'll,. |.r,i->iiii.' ,.|' thi-
ll'. in'.' nlaliv.ly lltti,.
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III I'. 11 «:!■; tliori'for
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■- al'i' scai-i-i'ly im
il tl
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that
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ir el. aii-i'iit iiiap '111-, Hi,
ii('-.< .oiild III t b ih
-ult iif tl:
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r.'iiv'lily w.irk.'.l ..ni. Xcm-lv nil
<> llM ..|ll!;il,-,ii|..,. II, IjlOl',
<iualitativo .j.-siriptioii of the n,<>taiiioi'|,Ii, .,.•.! ^e,!
ref(
thf V
••our^
rr.'.l to 111 il
Pi
pri"^..tit rcpnrt. iin.Ii.p tli
linii'iit.*. Tlii'v ai
!•* I" HIV.' a H.'n.
'I 'aiiyon nf the 1". lu] |C()r.
'• naiiK', IVn.l D'Or.'illo (i
has I,.
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fo
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iilic in.. I- ill till. I,
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in -.v.'i-al iir.'.u. tl,.. ,.,„.i^^ ,,,- ,],.
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entire aeoura-'
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I'-y arc [ir I!
Illlli'll as pill..|y lltll..l,.-ii'iil 1,11.... I,
pl..'.llit(' an.
•- not str.iii
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iri" I.f t|i,
iiii's as ilofinit.. li..r
was f., 1111,1
a.->,i( lat,-.
is,.l:if,.,l |v,
Hive iifres i,f th,- !i
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On I
I'Xa^.'!.'. r.'i
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nis view the liiiif stone
rm LM!.':iiilii-
lllcs.. yi..;,!
nin-ipii(...iis liitnisiv,.< — wit
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it has
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SESSIONAi PAPER He ?5a
»nv .!. tnil. A ...l.ii r -...ti,,,, ;. „. , , i > ■.-, ,
'■'"---■ -i'-.^^::;v;:;™,,:::J::::;'r;::r
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I''|-"lli lilc Ik, I foil, ,
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..!.■ ..f Snlm,,,, ny..r, ,-,.ii,.r,.,i„ii- „,• ,i„,.l.v .n„.„!a, arl, „f ,1,,. .,.
l:ir>r<. po;i-, ur,. ,.|i: „.,|,|,.,1 i,, . ,|,.|,,. |. .,.,,,;,„ ,i, -i ,
;..-„ ,,,| -[^[ "-"•^'■> ■■ I". -.-I ..I n..t.,l,|y |,„r.- •■;• HI,,, ,■.,,•!. „„,,,,,
MICROCOPY »ESOlUT(ON TEST CHART
lANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2)
2.2
_A rJPPLI ED IfVMGE ^
■,^gS (^'6) 482 - G300 - Phone
^S (^'6) 288 - 5989 - Fo.
374
in:rAHT\ii:\T or rin: lyrnmor
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
'»TV(>I to 111' a cciiiTnl
tiiii' strutipraplii(! j)(.>iti,,ii<
r>f thoir i^orrilntion niiinriK
llii' I'ommnn namp, • IVtid
toatur.' of the iiiarl)l(\
It is ini,.<.,.>il,le rff,vtiv«.ly to <!i>lin>riii>l, ,l„
"t all tlie inarbl.. I,„„ds in tl„- ..va. ,:r to 1„. -,„•
"^:^:^.:::Lr- -^- - > .->.•.•
iu..j:£::;:':::;;:;:!:',r:;;;;;;;!;;;t-';,;;:-
:!:'t J:::;s:;::i.^;:-;'!;;;;:r «{ ;■''■' ''f ^f ''"-"-- ^
were ol.sen-. ,1 on o-t e - i ' ''': ""."'"'"'""^ "■"' '-rnMondo ....hist
;evc.,. .. ^he .„„„;;„;: i.:;;. t* ni r5,i5r xLf 'T'^'-' f'r
hiiu-stono^ and their pi,,, s ,,f ,«„,„ f -.i .i ;'."'-^"- "'«' han.lin^.' o( thi-
h.. taken as dim.,i; indi...,, nj Vl. ' '"''''' "'--I'l^'n<>-^ ^-.Tmot
.cdi,n«,tary n. k i, . h ' i " ^"V,", ■■-'\'^'''- to youn^v^r i„ thi.
::;;s-;i--"--J^'^^^^^
rive s„„aro nnlos and dips from lo" 3, ' ^„t|, I '"';':' """.-von at 1...,
conclnsion on tlie point. "arrant n detinite
■•>^wf;
ifiruirr or nit i imi Ayi m.MnifH
276
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
;j}i;,::::r': :j -:7,: ;:;lt-:;;;;;t,;:::; r ^j^t^
wpr:,,^■;:;^:r"p;t.:;■;;:,,•:r;:=:,lt-,:l::
Mi<v«ltol,e,-i:,()Of,.r ' ' '"*■ ^'' """""'<>" thick,,... i.
' ^ ii> ine outiienst ot the Hoiiiidao- H-.'tioii ;it tho Pfnil D'On.Jll.. T ;„ I
has f,.„„^ olosely allied rocks at sovo al. rntl.e,- wiSv 'Lf^lwV; '''"'';
«t..^onh.m^o,^the^^
Purv'ef of^CanaKgT"- E-^P'"""*"^- "ot.« to Trail she.t iss.uKl by th. 0..„Io,i.al
276
i>i r\i!nii:\i m nii. i\ii itiuu
2 GEORGE V, A 1912
of .ho Wo„,I Riv,.r sori,- in hi, ri-port will l„. fo„„.| ,„ „,m„.|, f.,irlv uvll «l,l
the account of (he Pond D'Cvilk- «ro,„, in-t "ivoi,
Ab..„t one luHuIre,! mil,, to tl,o n<,rth«i,r,ran.l n,.rth-n„rtl.w,.-,w.,„l of .l>
detail l,y Dmv.nn. Il.s .„„„ -y -tn.-M.-n. of ,|,..i,. suc-ossi,,,, i- „1 f„||' .vl- '
chcrly qMarU.te. or l,orn,ton..s. vol..;,,,!,- ,nat..ria|. with H.n.,.„,ino and
nt-rstrat.he. hnu.s,.ne. Ti>o voVani- n,a,«,ials are n,o-t al,„ ,1a „ t
TZ T: 'h ■'".'•""■• '"'-"■'^' '"-"""'n^' it- The n.inin.uu, v" „ ^
-f tho strata of h:. d,v,-ion i, about (;..-i(N) f...... The ,„>,„.• ,liviM„n or
MarWo a„,on ]nne.„,.a. ..on.i-ts almost entin.K ot ,„a-'iv,. wJXJl.
Mt w„h o,...as,oMaI <nt..n.ala.,ons of rocks sin.iiar to thos,. ,l,ara-„,.i,in
the lowvr part. Its voinn... is about :!,000 feet
•about '^.''?oot\*'"'"V'T '• "■' "T"" '■" ^'"^ '"^''•'" "■""''' ""■'■'•f-'- ^-
about . ...00 feet, an.l this ,3 rep.nhvl as a Munin.inn. Tb,. arfrillit.^s .,r,.
generall.v ,lark. often blaek. and the so-.alled eJu.rt.v nuart.i,,., an l.ab
often ..l,e,fie<i arg.htes. The voleanie nwMnbers are usuallv nn,.! ,le. ,n -
posed diabase, or .halase-i-Tphyrites. |,oth e.T„sive an.l frae,n,.nta • I
have frequently been ren,ler,.,l n.ore or le-s s,.histose by pn.^lure!-
fero.n Tpnn '1'^ ^.■^"•''■' < '^''^'^ ^«"^'^ '^ fo.siliferous an,l ,l..Huit,.|v Tarboni-
ferou, Clennsylvan.an) but Dawson points out that the low.r bed- nu.y i^ 'l i,.
formations somewl.nt older tha.. the (^arbonif,.rous. H.. enu h, ; s af e
many y,ars o exp,.:en..o. the .reat oon-tan,,v ,.f th.. s.^rie. ..-y,
bounda.^ of Krn.sh Coh.mbia southward throu.hou. the leu.th of BHU^h
that these proatly n,etamorpho-e,l n-ks of the Pen,i n'Oreil!,. n-,;, p ', 1,, ,
correspond to the ('aehe Creek soHes and that they are in b r,; m o C r-
bouiferous age. The low^r sehist. n.ay ineh.de sedin.ents of a,u- a^e fn. n f ■
C rbon,ferons t,. the Siluri^an inclusive. There is no evi,h.n,.e of n ,. tn
wuh tl,e Summit ;er.e>; the Pend D'Oreille schists seem, on tb,. otlu-r n|
to pass p:raduall.v ,„to tbn underlying Lone Star schists. Becau-c of e sp^ i i
ocal .ntcns.ty o tbcr n.l dynamic n.etan.orpbisn, it must be b>n^ iSo re
the correiat.on of the . ...1 D'Oreille .^roup is anytldn^ other than h^ 1 is
^ ot. as ,n so numy eases, the tentative correlation "seemMo be be i u^no ,
IoKic\fsuT;ero"'caf.:dt'!«.r "'*" '" '''"* Ko,,tena7 sh^.t, i..,,.,, ,.. »,„
•G. M. Daw-on. Bull. Cieol Soc. .Am,.,k,,. Vol. 12. 1901. p. m.
G,>o
25u I,, I,
y
:«'-«:
i
Ipl J '
iw ' 1
IH
1
I
if
'm 11
^L.
^^
HKronr ,>f rut: riiirr astkoxouek
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25.
377
for wii ill its iipm.ttinjf. tlir fut
•ifsontifll flirt-.
nro .,l,...rvorV ...v.- will 1^. s),ar|H.t>, ,1 for the
S.MMARV ..N T.M; Srl„ VTI RK „y T„K XKr.sov Ranoe.
ponding r..„'etiv.lv Z the fie t R /r ! ""' !"'"' ."^ "'^' ''^"'"•^' <■-"--
and ,h. .aie ..odies^ftthXtir;:,":""'^' ''^ '""''' "^ '^^ ^""""'» -"-•
terra1l;'l,;*";::''V^ rolntion. „n.,.n, the old ..li,„..„ts of the Prie.t River
highly i„eli„ed^v;;Li;^S;iLt:7 ?■• ^"r °j. j*'"-""-^ "•»
Bayonne hntl.olith « i ^^ ^rr.iirar: I TT''^' !'• *»",V"*--" -^f the
average n.rth.es.ert .o^^t. 'rl^'ni! L It v^dT ro^'l^'lt "»'";?'""• ^- ""l
the we",erf Lfof the'l'^f '""' "' ^i'^'™"'- •^"''^*-"" '^ ''»'""" «'-'^
me wesiern eage at the Kootenav r ver delta Ketn-, nn (U„ tj i » .
^ Lir Vz /t =■:.:- ^;^j^-^ :-„£
further fiel,I-work ,s imperative hefore greater preeision trav be attaine7 Til;
r vTr- '"'"T'"; "'"' ^'"■'' ''"'"•^^''^- -^"'•^ '-«« th'- l.oen..o delated w^ h
he Kttehener and the equivalent Beehive quartzite, has been dowiowt.
le^rthe" b' .'•"' "■^"'"''' "'"'f' '" *'" ^^''"'-^ ♦'-•'^"-^ "f theSutrt ,er7e
te ra ,e T^ '.'" l""'"''"" '^''" "" ""'^"""■" ^^i-^knes- of the Priest River
ferrane. The downthrow >nny measure 20,000 to :?0.000 f,.et.
if
ii-i'
r
378
nf:PAnruf:\T or rut: /vta-
Kion
2 GEORQE V. A t912
Mll€S
iIorir.untal und Vertical .Scale*.
Ki(fiir« 17. -K«t.we.t««mti<«iridK..northof L..«t riwk V. I „ p
'fH^^'' ^r^'
po
11^
^
>?^ 1^
'""'" '"-''Is:.:!] ■rK*^,;^i::" '<-•>■•.-- of t,„.t
^k^rsar.nm^lixs^^^
- '."vv:-;^!^
1 w r<^ «T :
Krrnifi »./ rut: niuj isTintsnuKh'
279
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Oi. bufh Ki.l... nf t!„. I'„r,vll r,,„.h. tlur.-r,,,-.
•liHpliicc.n.'Mta winch hav.> ^ivrti this i^rf ..f tho K.
of u fault-tmuKh. Tho ,l,,«ii-fi,ullr.| l,l,„.k nr hU-|
^iil.-taii.'O thruii^h ..rosinti hut it mvhw ii,„-I ,„•.
Io.'ut„l in a .•..n.trMc'tiunul ,h.,,n.-i..„ ,|„.. to faultitiR.
Annth.r of the r-ritnury -tnwtnral fenti.r... of the \..K„,. r«>,«.. is
."..•on nr.n.y „t the has.- „f th,- Fr..,,.. ,„„^h,„u.rat... Th. .-.Uu-u.-
u.K.„nlorr.,>t,v M nut ..o„s,,i..„o„.iy -h.-wt, hy rontrasts „f attit,,.!.. hHw,.,
lon^lorncrat.. »,ul thr nM.T s, ,lin..-.,t.. I„ t„rf. a. ahovo >,.,t,,| ,h.. .tril .
wi' hini' i-\ lAi'uro nf hiicc
')t('?iay valh>y th.> .•hiira.tiT
liavc. of loiir-i-. h.»f rriti.-h
'iil'li' tliat tln' tr.iii'h «;i-
the
th.
th.
atiil
l.p of tho ,„„.l nurnt.. «,„! ot .o,,.. .1 „n. „ft..„ ..lo.-ly >i,„ihT. Tl vi,h.„.v
.. .nor., fully .lor>v..,l fr„m (1) th. nnu.h ,tr„n«,.r rn..tM,u,.r,,hi-M> „f ,h, |.,i„.,
K.v.T t.-rran.. :(•.') tho al iant pohhh. of I'ri.M River r„-k. in th.. ....nKlo.
nuTaf; an. CI) tho tr.,n,.:„iou „f ..,„os .1. li an.l C hy th,. lowr-.-out.,.. ,,lan..
holt whoro tho I{.„.ky M..uutam (iooMyn..linul is souiulo-l t., its full .lopth
W.thin tho float .SuMi.uit -orios uiono.-.iino its,.lf om<. of tho i,u,M ,:,n^,,\
.•MO..S struotural ooni,,lu.ati..n> i. tho horizontal shift ,„ap,.o,l as orossinR the
d.v.,lo hetwoon Monk or..,.k an.l tho ...nth fork of tho Salmon rivor. In tho
ttel.l tho offo..ts of tho shift an- M>o<-taonlarly oh.ar. Tho alm,.st vorth-al for.n-o
t.ons have hoon <lislo,.at ■■= hy a M>ovon.,.nt .,f al.out a mil., ah.mr tho vorti,-,!
wost-northuost ,.lane of ^hiftin«. Tho n-lntiv,. ,Iis„la,.on,ont is that whi.O,
wouhl havo h.^^n produoo,! if the s.mthorn hlo..k ha.l mov.-.i «-.-iuar.l thnuiph
that (hstan.-... The out<r..p of tho ^hiftplan .u! 1 ho r.u.lilv followt.l f,,,-
t..ur mih.s: its o.,ntinuation wostwar.l arrows tho so,.th,.rn sh.po of J.ost moun-
tain ,s ''■■"^ -v"I';m i" tho fiohl hut „..„„ .•omiMt.ut ro oxplain tho r..|ations of
tho lon.l l.Oreillo lim.st.mos an.l s,.hi>|s j., ,h, arUit.s „n Lost m.uintain
.\ sooond horizontal shift, not so ..vidont. is mapped just -outh ,.f Summit .•r..ok'
Ahout thrt.e miles west of the main .livi.le of the ran^e tho upiM.r h.,!-
of tho .Sum..:it series are duplioat.'d for a ..-r.at thi.-kness by a powerful tlirnsf
Ihia thrust is among the most remarkahl.- elomoi.ts in tho anat.miy ,.f th,
ranpe. (FiRures IT an.l IM.) The plane of tlio thrust is stratifrraphiealiv l.„.at...l
in or very near tho i'i.vfoot han.l of ..ondomorat.. in th.. Dew.lnov formation
Ihc eon>;]on)erate lias ai)par.nt]y a.'te.l as a l...al plane of »-..akn,.~. Vl.nu
that plane the entire (.v,.rlying part of the Summit s,.ri,.s has l».,.u .Iriv.n
eastward and has then ho.n pn.~ho.i up on tho lia..k of th.. Lone St ir s.-hisfs
Either durins the thni>tiiip:. ..r. 1. ss pr..hahly. aft.rwar,ls, the ovorri.l,l,.n ■m.i
overriding Idooka together with tho thiust-plaii.. have h,vii rotat.-.! so as i„nv to
stand almost porf.K-tly verti.'al ..r M show a sli>rht ..v.rturninp t.: tho w..st.war.I
As a rt.sult the observer travcr>iiip tiie ri.U;os ..n .ith.T si.lo ,,f Summit ,.|-o,.k
will, on fjoing westward, pass over the f),.w.ln,.y l„ ds. th.'u tho Kinpl... I{,s.|,iv.-
ami Lone Star in rojrular onlor. an,l will then, after ..rosfiing ti thrust-piano
pass over the upper Dowdney, the KippV. IJi-ohiv... and T.ono Star f.rirati,.ns
once more. These relations are illustrat,.d in Map T an.l in Fit;iiro 17. They are
speoially oloar on the liiph. nearly ir.vlo,ss ri.lpes north and south of Summit
.-reek. Tho oxtren:e nortliorn an.l soutliorn oxtensi.ms of the thrust-plane are
n.it s.i well exposed ind the mapping is there somewhat tentative.
V.-v-liK» ^'•^-■?- V.^-?i«^i9^B^«llX£;-alS£t^^7'i
'11
380
'"/••/,■/ 1// \/ „/ //„ nil in. ,11
it i-* WfJlI-C, -Iv II
rV. lliai til,
2 GEORGE V, A 1912
'•roi.. „l ,||., ,iiff.,,,,„ ,, ^''f- !'-.l..;- •!,. •.„■>„„. :,r,.. ,ii.. ,„„,
'''-H'-i'il.J';!:-;n::7:;:;::;;,;,t ;::•;;;:. ^'-^ •■-■^
" ^"J'.MM.fi,. „..,v. Ti... ,.„„., .,.',' ' "- '-^' '-1.1 he r.,,r..so„t...i o„|v in
"»'- v.-k- ,„.,.,„. ,„.. S.I „',,,,,. ' '■ "'•'■"'-'"•^- '•"• 'I' iH,n„„i„n „,•
'■Mlllilv. i„ ||„. \,.|„,„ ^.,,|„_. ^' .
"';f ;';;;■ "' ""• > ^'-' -.11..,..,,,-. ■, !^. ■ ''•■••'— -^ 'i- im,..,-,.,.,
l'iitlic.|itlp>. ;,ii, ,„.,,l,„i.i, ..1 . , .""■'" ' tlio iiitnr^oii „f
!>• :iii(| |.n,|,..
''■•"I t t
"' intnr^ioi, „f ,„„„>•
!•■■
^•■■r<-vs u, |Ih. uv-„.r„ l,i,lf „,■ ,|,.. (-..nlill,,., ,7, ' ,"" "' "' ""■ ■"■■■^'■nl
■"^•■"-"■n'li- .1 lln.n .1,,,-,. „,• „ 1,1,.^ ,'■,", "■'' '"- ■■"■'■ «''"Tnllv ,,
"""■'■I'- ^"'1 'lu. Mill ,,,„„.,.r IJ,.-,„1 ,•"■'"'■ '•" •■ -'-•
I':ir|liir u,..(
'" i'.i|>|'i'.-n- iii III,,
i Me \olson riil}i;p is tlip i]
"l'""'m,;r ..„ the Forty-nnth INmII/i. I '"'I'l 'T.'"''"'' "'' """ '"i"!"'-' 'tmm.I
<'onlillrn,. ^ ' "' '''■'•1-^' ~tn,w„r,i| ,Iep,v-M,.„. „f ,|,
:, ,'^ifiij##v
2 GEORGE V.
StSSIONAL PAPtR \o 20.,
A 1912
CHAPTER XII
IVTKlsiVK |;(.( Ks o|.- n,, s| j kii;k \k.im \i> vst
KM
l-'roiii ih,. iJrrnl I'liiiri- |.. tl.r I'm-.-. II
'■ iuiM..u--r..i-U i:.-..jo)rv ,,i ill,,
"' ''':;■""' " "" '•"-•'■•■'I i.-M .-..n,,,,.!,,,, .,„! ,1,.. I,,,-;,. -,il .,,,1 ,1 L ,•
:s\.:[!:, ;ii::;;:,/:;,::;:,,,r:r::r -;;'.; ;; ^ -- 1---.,,,:;,.:;
i"";' fy •■■■"• ^ •^^•-^''--^-'■-ttt;::';,;:;::^
;:;::;n::;:;;^i:::;j"::;:::;::^:;:,l:': ::;;:;;;•-- •-
,---u,. ...„....„.,.,, ,„ ,„. ,.,„:',:,;.";;; :::::7:: n, r,;:.,,::-;::;:
I.'hIi.-. ;.r.. .Tos.o.l l,y tl„. ,„;i-t..,- v.,||,.v- „!,i,.|, l,,v,l„...„ I , ,1
lin... „f ,o,un„io„ K,.,„.,..„ ,|,.. ,.,„.„-. " , ' r f t'^ l..yoMvon,..>„
ro<.i< unit. «l,i..l,, in „„. „„L„ „, s,.|l I - ., ., , V ■ 'i' 'f"",""-
- occur ill tlio uiljiir.-nt
.ro.,v^T.iM,.,,,,n,,,.-.s,,,.;:;:;;,;:; :;:,-t;^.!:i:;:-,^'::;;;::;;;.T;;'::;;r
III (i
1" prc.-ciit clui|,t,.|- tli.'iv vmII i„
iMiied the Kvkort iiii.l I!
Kcllit
ic t.> ll
B;
IVMlir l.atli,
ivciiii,. |,.ii!i,,litli:
firaiiilo uhicli cuts tj;,. Kitdi
iiictiiiiiDrpho?*;.!
ilk,
ciicr .|i!iirl/il(
Inch npp<'iii- I., ho
'riiiiil lioriil.l' ii.lc
in-ic iiitni-ivc-
rk: -!U
iltiiii:
inipro|,ii>ric ,|ikcs and sills nn.l nil,, , h:
tcrr I
If 'ir.iilfTMiH
I's anrl silN ciittin>>- the
uver tprraiic'; aiul a ho>< of
.Vn .tttciiipt will 1,0 made to d
voiinuer -, d;iii. ntii.v
fT'^opraphieal arrai
order from east u
-ion in cpolopii nl t'
nionz..iilh' hear th,
ilie ll„ ;e l„„r
UclHCIlt. tiloll-h ih,. ,|,,|.|| |,|,,
tin V
ni,,ji r:v, I-.
the >al
■ir order of -.lu
%ini.' then lip ill ,.
rii -t
will 1.1
Thol
rciie \
foil.
iffi'-n]. _,«»1,1p,„ ,,)• flicir ,,
as a nipiiil.cr ,,f the S
ill tho jft'iK'rnl -iiiiiniarv on
olcaiiic loriiiiition ha~ air. a.lv l»
unii'iit "crie-.
tlic i"ii
■ iirlli. r retenie-.-
11- rock- ..f the -
281
liatim
•I't
T
nti-iHTMiM n, nit: i\n:moH
U.» ^ QEOROE V, A 19t2
, ''"7':'" ■'"-'-.. .., ..n.H,u:a •,•.„«..
•"■.■.•l.tinnH ,1„..., „,.. ^^. ..,,,.. ,,,'r I '''.''••'''■'•-•'• I'-Wr.i/o. With f..«
^- •" ""• •;'•' r->n.i f ...V.':; .. ,:.:.::':;;;•'■';'";: •" "'•' '•;•- ^ -"-•
niwiim. who.i.v t|„.v |,„v,. I„.,„ .l.riv,.,! "■""""' """"^' "»" " ^•
'I'lif liirj;.»t .,(■ th,. hiMli.s oul.rMi.J f r r .
■•" »li" tniil riinnii.^f |„„„ |!.„„„1 ,, '■ ... , ^' '"■'^""•" "t -vmil hiM,.lr...l .vnr.l-
•VH. fVH hrn„|. Wh,.,h..r : „ ..^ I "n '""."• ''■' '"'>■ " "' '--t
r.MMnMm,K ntt.T th.. prnf.Ma,,! i.u.t„„„r ,1, ''""""> " "'> r'r.nu.ry M.imTiil
of it is ,.,,w „ ,„..., .If ..hh::;;,. , ri;:, "' ""t-' '"" '""•• ^-'"■- ^'•-
l-ynt... Th.. „ri«inui .tr,.,.,„r.. „ . t .U ,^"1' "T"' ^'T"""' '""'
iiy'it::;:!;:;;:;"' « - '-."-:':£:;;l:r;;a:;S:;::
...i;Ttl:!;'t!:^;..::;n:^,- ,,;•,:;;':::;:;- -■■"- ^-^ «..- .,.„.,, i „
belt i":i S'p,!;:; ui:;;r:;;: ;'.!;:;•, '^'"'' ?t\ ""• "" ^- ^ ■•-'>.
•iu..rtz. ami „ li„ie ,..,rh,.nat.. arc ..,.„„.|. rv "" , "7"'^^"' '"■'■'■^^'^f"'^- «'lil"rit..
Fork an,l „.a.. f„rk of Sun, ,. , r.. ^ Thi I . " •"".'"""" "^ *'"' •'*''""'
.f.ero i. little din::r;v!!;::..'r,X'r: '■^!,,:/';i ''--l ^-er ..........tari...
."ota,„orphis,„ i„,|i,„„., „ pr,.-T..r l''^,: '/V';';"",'.*''";"^ "^ ""■''• ''>"a„,i,.
the Rnhhroi.l ho.li,.s ,„ ,h. «,! l.ro , t h.'. Z'rAlU " ''""''"«''■"' «i""'"ritv „f
the former ,„a,v also Ih.. u.s oI,1 .. f e Mi, ,1 , C ' ,'' • "T^\' .'^^ r^"''"t.v tl-t
have boon t,.ntativplv refernvl So , V ,f ^'.'" ''"'!"• *" «•"<•'> f'o I'u.<'.'ll >ill.
spate,! phase of theyot o , o r In^n v, .aio^' "t " '""' r''''^"' *'"^ '''->-
in the field wa. that the ohlorit'unJi "hi 't th" ""■' IT.^^'' ""Vr...i„u «on
..ornh,e„.,e .ahhro are o, eh ohh^l^^i^i.r fi^^-;- -/J--
Ill l'<>h\
SESSIONAL PAPtR No. 25a
'"■'■iirriiitr in tin- imrl .it 'h.
may lie „i ihu -niiii- uijnTiil .
Ill' viiiintfi r.
"' I III •mil i^ 1 1.-'
;.l...l
l.ili. II.
•iiii ti
>\"UI I!
J" riili.titi.'
an:)
ii.i,
tTivativ.M ,,t t|„. K,,|,i,r,,
All
'liMXI (ill will I
N nil -u I i\ 1,
iiu lui, III Ml, (^1 Aiir/rt
\t llir .h1«.. ,,f i|„. K,„,|,.|,„.v riMT Mn\\n\ tlit
ick. tlid .1
■WM lniiltt.,| Kit,. I
mill l'.imxi
util 1. 1
iX|i.
ill ilui fiirm i.t
iil<il
strike
to till
mi th.
il ilii' irilriiiivf ImhIv
11 III r i|iuiit/il.'
Ill
•lit I.
piiirtziti
II l-iiml alMiiit i;'i.' f,. I will,, .iml ■ l<.|
|""'tilinr Kriiiiiiliii'
•rill
lira
ti'<l ill III.
"■III. to Im> ill .jl
r
II "ill il« thiik
■rfliitimi
<'ili:.o iiTliiiitv
ii<;''iit .>iiiirl/it.- i.^ till' |„ tlu' soiitli,,iHiw,ir.|-
"iitiirifs. iiltl,,,iiifl, tin. (..\|„„iiri., an- nut .ii!ti:.-i,.ii( t
"^' 'If ili|i 1. 1 till* uiljiii'i'tit ivii.ii>t ^;t.. :^ *!oj .. .1
!'• 1"' iiH r..i-k i. liark 1.1
iiiHit !■< iH'iirly .'iiHl iiv\.
nf fl i\nuTX,>. iliorili- fii tlio In
■HT.'y. iii<-<liiiiii->fniiii,.,|,
'.f horiilil(iiil<.
s|)fiiiiii n iiji .iiiorpli
iikI lia. till
pill.
Iii.tm
with
'*' "I i""i- III IfliKtii ,irc v<>r.v iiKiiii.JHiil; th,.*,.
n riiiiuli tliiiiliil al
ii-'iimint.
<'on..titii. ?it; fclil-
I'lidiT I lie 11
s-traiiiiHi. with |Hi..ili|y
<i
iiartz
lai-K |.n.iii
■II iiiTaiit;r.
par i-i a. iloarlv .iil..
i-i I'li^il.v nv. .(f'HZi..
rliiiiiti
IpC till
d.-fi
111* iirainilat
>riiialiiiTi 1, not
t.. I
lull in plai'
"■ vtr\ fr
III..
Pri 81118, w
>n I
liiili
f til
iithiii-nt t.i .•xpiaiii tl». r.iiKli panilMi-ni nf t!,.. |„,rnl
li. iIiimibIi .Jii-litly
aiiiiiiiiit .if
iizatii
^.■•teil
the RiiRiwHl iiK'thoil
H appHniitly a priiinirv f.ntiir.- .■^<talili»lu.(l il
ilfii
in till
10 tiiatrnia.
iril
Til
ii'ir orilcr nt ipiaiititati\
iirinif till' iTy.tal-
aiT.-«iiry .•..n.titin tit-i ari. Ii.ti-
impi.rtaii... (liy w.it'litl im il(.t.Tiiiini.(l I.t
f 1 -i-pntinl aiiit
(juurtz.
iliiriibli'iiilH
()rth(MlnM>.
• iariii't.
MaKiH'titi'.
Kpitlote. . .
Aputiti',. .
41 :i
■:•!
1000
Thf hiiriibleiide i- liijfiilv pli ml
iri.ii^. u ith iiiin-iialU
a — Li^lit ycllowi.
■aiilitiil fiiit-
b-V.
11 t'ri'rii.
<-'ry iloi'p olivf urocii
C— Bottle ^n-<-n with prunuiiii.'. d hlni^h t
Al
in»;i
isiirption verj- .strung: b">C >a.
Th
o extinitiuii on (010)
rtveniKe of eijflit iiicii.snri'inoiit
is ahout 11 1.-.'; that mi (Uoi. alimit i::
that c lies in tl htiisi. aii*;lo fi in '\'»r\
A on oleavafre pifcp.-j. Etch- tiff ures
111 (110) show
also that t
ph
ilihnd'
niiak s orientation of anipliiholo. and
il' in till
o i. rii-li ill aluniiiui. The hnrnllende is ipiite id
Prystal faces. They lia
pri-i'iatii; zmie hut the prisms are i^eldmii. if
.osta>i-s ot quartz and felds
ever, tenniiiatcd h
il 1
par ninl have -iiff.
284
I'h.i'.iinMKM „/■ Tin: imliuou
fei
iiiiiewlint
2 GEORGE V, A, 1912
i),v ro.-or|)|]i)n ciirrioil mi l.v tl,; -i • .
ar
i-< .'itlior a .,„lif..,.o„. o tl,ocl s, '^ °^'"r'^ :'"1 ^^'''«'>"--- '^"''o feldspar
ffxrnot is, in ,hi„ -v:-X\uu"7 Tyory Z/'Zl'^^l''"- "'T^''' ^'-'■^^'"-- Tl„
■ '''"^ I'l'l'^ colnilr illKJ I, )il-ol,;il.l,v n
iron-lime variety
J^^!\ " '''i'^'-phi.' n,«i„.t ,1,0 l,„n,bI..„,,o. Th,
n ('iimiiifiii
mliT of .•rv>tiil-
1. .. ■■.■^'..■■-i|»iiM- iif-n
Uzation feoms to lier xireon ni.it.t,. i • " v.. ,,.,>, iu-
no.,Sir,t',';v„'rr,,:;";,:.'':,'T' ■. ;'"■ « «« .- ■•-.
I.lnr
"f «ilil-;|.
l>or ciiit
thi. l-nrk
I.
.•llld
illff Moili. el;
iiifr tin's rook
>al.l,
"itliin it. l)iit
risk
ilnti
rock
pos.>i;
of tl
I'silicati
Its
lln ..llv
ivorwciylitiiip: tlio
mily. It
ffraiiitt
iiini
nl>iioriiuiI
K- Mi'.irtzito. Thoro aro
1-1)11
and cortMiii p!
tiiat till, ni
>■="■■! of tho \
in an oris-inal li..riil>l<.ii,l
aiiiioniial sranito
I'iiij^e is otTorod to it in the prevail-
wifioii may he duo to some n
piM'iit« of -imilarity houvoon
s aoros^ till
t eld spathic
lo <rabhi
'lllToll sill
i- tli<> nsiilt of flio soliit
whiol
and mioacoii
•o niaK-Mia. Ti
in-
1 i s
rivor and it is (juito
'10 (|iiartzifo
ion ot tl
Til
Piireoll
1 IS so universal a con.
ahnornial li
■onstitiionts; I
titui'iit in the
inai-lzito is hor-o very poor
i|.ii...'. p,,=iil,]y, the ahs
■oiico of liiotiii
hlendo
possildo to crp.
Thonph little
iranife
noidifiod phases of the Purcell sills
■* tontalivoly oorrelated with th,
Priest TJivor tori
at a iloptl
It a oorri.latioi
'•riishod tl
1 with tllr si
'laii tl
lose
iil-
"f the dofo
loarod 1
t a iloptli -I'voral
inch yoiinuor Kitrlienor f
rinatioii ,if tho hitt
lasio iiitni«iv(
It may al
found
hf
in t'.ir
'"■I's iivvMrr ihaii that at whioh
St ressos.
Tl
ifi In't'lier tem
"■Illation l.ofjan to fo.-l ,l,o post-P
or must have taken j,]
the iiitnisives oiittinp- tho
1.1a,
massive r.ieks at the ti
p, ratlin
ime .,f ,lof
X|il.-iin sue
ifforenfial m,.|ain,.i.p|
ot,,niiatioii w,iiil
lio rffe<.t
iiNii/oio f.rofienio
Pie-siins ,,f ,i,p „„.,.,, ,,p^|,]^. ,^^^^.^ J
s vin f.)
a 111)1
lfvi<i:i!T (;i;\\iTi: I! vni,.irrii.
oftheBoiindarvbeltnot f ol ". ;/7" T^ ''''''" ^""^"••' "'■'' ^
■in nnknown dis,nn,.o into W , , ," . 'l'"; '" l 'T"' '"'"' ^°"*''"'"--^ ^^^
1.-^. of hatholithio si.e 1, I 1 :,; • ' ""^ *'" "'■■"''• '"''■^' '■--■ ''o"bt-
'"ureole ahont Iho urani.e On .1,' V '^'"Mw^^nt ot a m.-tainorphic
""""'^ H'l.ition-. l,u, ,I„. „,,iiite i.- pn.hahly there
I'l Ml :■■!>
Sl,...re,l |,l,a.,. „f ,l„. Kvk..,t «ra,m.. sLowin,- ..„„...■„.,■,.„„„ „f ,h. f,,,
"t tl.r nick (mill. II.. zciifi. XntiM-al »iz,..
II'' •■!' nit Ills
t.:,!:.!l. !„...(..),,.,,,
!P^
i Ar<S ■^'' ' fcr-*y 'lHHHi*i' 4^^JB
Ri i-f,i;i „r iiir i iiiir t>//,'„v „,„•/.
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
285
•"- "r-^ }•■■ "i-Ti., .-,. ,.::.', '.:. 1;,;:;„'::;;,:'"'" '- '- ■<
;:™.;:',:-::;;:;„":;;;„;::iZ~S:„l?.;:: ■■:;;; ^- >■"-> "■'""-::.•'
lid>t pinld.i.-ornv. I,, ,U, U:C .,,11,1 '""' " ^' ''^'" '"'•'■ '" ''
i.l:;r;; i... ■;:,;;■;:■ :i:^" ,;:;..';,;:■; -; « :■'; - v-";" <
11. tn an,l ■...„.,. .1,1.. ,.l..av.if,... ,1,,. oi.t.-r -|„.ll „f ,) „..,„,_ f,,^ ,, ,, '^ , ;.
oe ,,, ,w„ ,„,ll„„..f,.,.<. i- .,„, ,,|,i„ „„, l„-„-..l,.-.'„wi„. , 1.' ,
piienil rfniiinh,ti.,n ..t t he i,li,.|,.wrv-t- \ tl,l,-,l .,,, i , ■'_,,, m. |.,,
tlu-e have Leen ..o,„,.|,.„.ly ,„..,-.v,l with ,h..i,. .r,,,,,,!-,,., '-. thr ,.| '^ . ,
u:r;ri:,:::r ■■'■ '''^'^ '-"-• "^ H,,.,.,.,h,,..,^,;;;i,:;;;:,:'v
:.=.E^ The av4„e atnn,,,,. i^,,!;:,^: ' i, 'z X." .'''^r'^!:' 1'?^ '■':^";^ '',■;■■
^:::s;;;-^^i:^x,r::r;i;.;f;;:-h:::;:':'^^
Ihe apophyses of th,. I,ath.,lith nn- ..ft,- ,.-,.|v , ,„.,til|.- Th, v .„.n , f, .
Jo,>„trv-ro,.k :,bo,„ the intru-ive lu,. .l„„v,l i,. ,l„. e„. r.eli,- .l..f„n h,„
hatholulne .o.ly. I, ,s possible that tiu. .lelurn.inp Mr,..<es were ..t r I,',
.1^0 Kranue had thoroughly .,li,liHe,l, thu, ..xph.lnh,, tlu^a ,par , Ijw't . i ;
a c.rta.u pha-es o the hntholith; but n,„-t „f the ,lef' u.a.io,, „u 1 ' ,
!ollowe,l ,he ery,talh.atio„ of ti,e an,nM,l-.na--. ,1„. „:i,„.raU of w] , .,n .
greatly strained or granulated.
I'liiler the iniero<eop(> the phenocrv-i- ,-,. ,.,>, t i i ■ .i , ,
~l.,e. n,ore rarely aeid oli i- ..a./'n^ar Ab, A,. "Vl:: ':::Z::T:ZZ
«;;.:"::: h' T\ut'^- ''■""'■''^'- "''-'-' • "-•-"■"'"te, bioti,e, a;;;i
Zl ■ ' "'•"'■^■"'■>- ■'■"^'..etite. apatite an,| tita.ute. Ml „f
these nnneral. are tnore or le.. bent „r fraetured. The eru^hin.. ha L.,
^ .n^n^ that ,t is „..w in,p.,-.;i,|„ ,o -tate ti,,- original dian.e^^r ■ of t
ground-,na-. e-,nr,aK, th..„.h ,1... av,.ra.,. t^,r th.. ,p,art. an, febtp
wm
980
in:)'\ni»f:\r oy rtn: iXTiHiait
liiii.-t hiivf
Pxact iiiitii
■11 Mviral nilliniptr.s. It is likrwiso ,1
..f tl
If ori).'iniil
fell
|)iir>
vit<. iir.. all more alniinlaiit in tlio iilia>e of
ft
If iiiniii o
f met
riihii; orisriii. Soiiif i)iirt of their
10 iirodiift of ilianpf^ uroii^'lit in tl
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
lifticnh to iio corlaiii of tlif
icroflin.., microperthito. and miisfo-
B-reatfst (TiishiMji. an<l am prolialily in
vohinif may thus rppresont
M
>oda-i>(itash int
r«rowt!(s of tlie microportliito 1
I'lrifwhat
.(lif
rtliocl
asf.
The
i>f form <'haraftfri-.ti<' of this fchl
!invf not, as a rnlo, th(> r«>friilarit\
inairma.
In tl
If prosont ca^r' t
^I>ar whin fr.vstallizcil dircctlv fr.
rnticiilps and strinpors which
11' alhitii
material has luen Mfrrfirntrd
■ni an alkaline
flii
•o. A littlf of the
sfom to ripr(S(>nt fraftures in th
ffrnlii
then occMirs in jiaralld int
^fovito may he a |iriniary
iti
It
may hf noted that
■rfiruwth- with the nndoiil.tedl
the ai
If original ortho-
*ory of the rock, for it
y primary hiotile.
tier entirely ali-ent or exeec'diiiir
'TICS, apatite, mamietite, and titanitc.
inK and cr
morphi^n
ii-liiii!.'-:
I
tl
lifir removal
y rare in the zones of
to 1
le one o
f the
•pecially intense
•'lide. a little fluorit
n ^^everal thin sections prisms of allanite were
results of the mcti
,, . ■ , - noted and. in one
Ihe-e minera,. should, pn.hahly. he added to ihe list of
primary accessories.
.\11 pha-es are KCierally very fn-h and the se,.on,Iarv product, kiolin
;!' M e r:t 'TT- "" "f "•'-'""^- TI- ohservatio,, was L.de i 't ..t i
that he „ck ot the zones .,t maximntn shcarinjr and crnshinp is verv consider
^ihl.v to„,.her nnd.T the hammei- tlian th.. coarser porphvritic fV^nii e i ,,d uln
.me.ss ah,n,.side. In the hed of Honndary creek the fornier rock ta " it n
S;!;in'';;":t:rf ;T' ''-7-.;;'!'"'' »•- -f^- .ranite has heen eSIl CZ
sl.iK ins water of the creek. I his contrast of stren^nh .hows that tlio hatl olith
kv .leep y hurled at the time of its shearing o that the crn.h-zone^, nXwlnt
rrili ■'''';,'■ '7'''" "•"' "'"'""^- ^"•""^•^'- ''"'" "'•■ ---k more eWl
i-e-emlilin^' the onprinal jrranite. 'luti.*
TlH, spe_..ific ,^ravitie.s of typical s.^cimens fro.n the batholith van- fr„n,
-M') to 2-bi ,, with an averaiie for five specimens of 2.C.5S
r.nAu^!'^ ^peeinan. collectcl at a point on the Ronndarv creek wcn-
.line. J^:.J!: ^;':;; -nni^ on':^^iir;s ::;hi,Xra:r: • rr
elase near Ah.An, The ess^-ntids „f tlu. ■'"" """"^ ''V^^- ^re ncnl olipfo-
■aicrodine. orti.oclkse (.^..etZ' JLi^" ,,! i:;^;;;^:;'''--"-^ r '"-'-
;ng appa.>ntly AK An,, muscovite and hioti" 1^ ;t ^i; 'f I rttr""^-
a. those not..d in the fon^oin. deseription of the ave a;e . ""v^'r^; "^
secondary .•ah^.te wa. oh.crved in the thin >ection
The analysis „f this spe,.i,„en (Xo. <m,) resulted a. fellow. rTable XVH
UK. ,■ -^KWiasi
in:ruur o/ rut: <
lllhh isritnSDMEK
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
7'"'.'r xni. .1
"'""«- of l:,ik,rf
■'iiili- '111,1 rchitril rcrl-.
as?
SiO
TiO,.. . T0-7R
AI/>,.. .. 2n
Fp.O,.. I.V72
FpO. . . *i
MnO. . . l-fil
MgO., ai
TnO.. «
SrO.. 1-S2
BaO.. .. tr.
\aO.. ,. -01
K.O .I^S
H,0 at HOT ■^'I
H,f» ab'ivp nb°c •'"
I'.O. 25
26
I004I
SP. Kr..
2-65-t
TIip ciilcnliitcl iinrrri l~: -
Qu.iitz
Orthoclasp
Aibitp ;■ ;;
Anorthite
^-oruiKlnm
Tlypprsthfne
Tlmenite
Miignptitp
Apatite
Water
Mnl.
M«»
•(HW
•l.W
•Ofl.T
•022
•nii
•034
•It!
••11
101
tr.
■X->
1-93
a-*
-tne
m:,
4 00
•OS
.10
002
•11
9989
25. 1R
.10-.5R
2!i:tt
R-9fl
112
.1-21
■W,
•70
•fi2
lOn.fiR
Quartz
Orthiclase and mirVnoVino' . f ' phVnorrV.ts'. '
Ohgoclasp of phenocrv.stK. .
piigoolase of ground-mafs. .
•Muscovite.. ..
Biotite .■ .■; ;;
Magnetite
Apatite .. , .
Zircon, '\_
Kaoliu, ^
l.'iO
17 5
.30
17^7
6^5
SO
•B
•♦
-.3
•5
Aceordinp to the Xonn clnsMri.'nti.m tli- r.,..k
^ubranpr, tosrano.,. „f tl„. Wonii.lkali.
bnttanare.
1000
i-iit«T- ttic sodipota?^!.'
ran-r. t..i,.ana=<\ in th,. t'or=alniio -iHer
w
•%\
^ ;. . -■t.«^'iii«&'»>^i'<si^Hi=i£e!i?('«i
288
i>i:i-\iriui:\T i,r iiii: iMi.inni:
All.
ut 2iMt miles t,, III,, -oiifh -oiitl
2 GEOHGE V, A 1912
Siciilnr yr«nit4. I„.9 i.c.n ,l.-,Til,,l l.y l,i,„l(.„.„. Tl
ii'.i-t«Mr,l M liny,. h„tho|i||, ,,f
II -Aiiii'\vli:it
tent:iti\
I'lv ifin'i^l.ilt
l.y (I
on |iftn.jfrii|.lii.iil 1
!<■ |iri -.nr wrii.T. '|'|i
the
ikt iic-w- : it i> tl
li two lintliol
irt'lat
ith- ll;|
i'ln is iui-cl I'lifir.-K-
pi'illl'ipal filets illirl c.iiel
ii« iniiciiiiiit t.. review in n.-.timl
i-e'ii- reaciiei
I
inotiitiuii
iiiiluicii :-
''•"■•'"'•i'' ' k^ pi-evnil ii, III,, liitt
i:iitaiii-. 1,11,1 tariii ^i ,-,.|,tial m,:i>- ,,
I'l'i'..,,! riiiiKi- iiihl ill i|„. (I
•oiner- ,,{■ ihe regie:, , „vore,i l,v ||
II, a>- ..| i
leiU'wuii-r
ii-t ,..\t,'i,f, l„,iiii,|,.,| ii, t|„, (•
iff
iiiiientiirv -,.ii,-, '1'^ ,|
ill- n',',piiMiii-i«iiii
1
.'r;,iiil,. IS not "ell
'I'Aline s<>,t
kimvii.
ii
o ihe iH.rth ,,!' tlii
• iiir
y .'iiiiilipr areiis .,t'
lit a- tl
■< rem,. II the ,..\tent nf t
mirth of I...]., riiljr.
"■" it i- |.rol.i,M,. tleit ih,. ,
tie Kraiiite i
^ al)-eiil m
til,- (
eOIltinil, S lllrelijih nil ,,f
ex, •,•[)! »~ ,!,.(
iiiiiii iir,.,i ,|,,e< not ,ont
Ii,
iiMir
iii'l:<|| Ilia.-.:,,!
inn,' lar
I>oars I.eli.w tlii
river ill i,iiv
eeiitial Mall
-eiliiiieiit, ,,t' Siiiik,. I
a lin-ail licit
■^,iiitli\viir,| tlii< Kraiiilt
pla,-,'
lien
>iv, r va
II,
It
\V,..;|, <.e|i~tit||| i
"■,■,11 lliiiiiiiiuinii anil I
'■"III llertll f.
mill tiniilly ,lisii|e
Mill reneli Siiak,
whole uii eloiiuateil aroa :;(io mil,.^ t
triiii; eii>t I,
this eoiifiiient.
nt ll
■I'wi-^tuii. It luriiis on tli:
' -"ipih an, I .-.n t,, loo mij,.
Iar>r,»st j,'raiiiti,> haiholitl
Im ,.t
On th
III its
llii- e.\l,.||-i\i
lietrnfiriifih hariieter. (i
-U.
'"■- fri-i'iit
roughly [lOi'i livriti,- hv the ,1
cm. Ill liianieter. Th,
(level. .|>iii,. Pit ,,f
a ii,,riiial xruniilar rock
ortl
!ioi.|as,. erv-tiil
aS!>llIII!n>?
Iirill
ellowi.
le .-oloiir is aliii,.<t aUva.v.s liRlit jrray, tlu' out
li-»rrav
l'..ils
iailt "-liite or liu'lit-i
1,1
eol
ray f.iiie
'CI 111
Ml
(rlaeiat<>,l ,Iist
riots ,.lifi
'•oll-tillley
SOliictilKe-
up In
!,.ro|i4
iiiul over lar^e ar,'
'lite i-
nges t.
as iiHiseiivito ill
iiiiilaut ill inediuni-size praiiH.
loth ortlioclas
thit.
^e aiul olipiiela-e, the latter iis
I enters iiii,. the
ill- th,> fel.Npars a
always present in sii
freiiiii'iilly ei
iiallv
inposition; quart/
are repre»eiite,i Iiv
III lar^e (|iuiiititit-.
eonfain- far t, o nmeh oJi>., c-lase |
i<'oiinl,r,Hl. 1111,1 n ore rarely ii.ieroel
me.
should le rati
elosdy allied
<liiaiitit\.
ler ehariir-terizeil
tl, fjniiuiiliiirit
o I e ela>., ,1
i|uartz-iiion/oiiit'
c. do.nt,
iiiid
It,.,
iraiiiie -
Tht
normal Kninit,
fo,lifi,.iiti,>ns
I'i'eiir in -ul
M
'er-
iimr.
•di
Tl
Bit
^raiiiii- i- tyiii,
lerroot ranw. wl
,lev,.lo|i,.i|
th.
toils of bietit,. and
reach uiie-lialf inch
quartz, a litth> n,iriiiiil ortl
lifiht-tiri
Ik re il i~
11 itlle nill-|.,ivitf
head of Mi
iiy. iiiediiiin-uriiiiie-l roek
.\ f
ereik
with
elifjth. I'll, ler t
i-w laryer i-rvstii
of ortlio,.];!
le II, I,. I
An aeiili,. olif-oclase witi
loi'la-,.. iind iiiaiiy larpe pra
•oseop,. the roek sliows mi
ami inii-,.,ivii
> very narrow -trint
inieroperthit,
lo ,ici_Mir in
ions is very ahunfTaiit. Tiio
zircon and apatite w,>r,. iioteil. though tita
eonereticiiis in t'
oHjroelase
seattere,! .straight foils. Few aocessori'
lie sniiie gTiinit,
r
lie stnii'tur,'
iiite occurs ahuii,laiitlv
til.
OS except
part idiom, .rphi,. an,] sometime^
i-- tyiii,M!ly sriMiiiti,.; tli
cliide.l
• W. timlKien. Prof. Paper Xo. 27. f.S, Geol. Survey. 1904, p. 17.
Ill the ix-rthil.
■ HHF-»:jL2t*^.
li^JBjrn 'isep-'^v inf-jKA
j»ij/.i
aae
til.' I{itlfrr().it
ri'scnihliiiico to
in.i'OHi OF rut: rnn:F Asrnn.\<,\in!
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
' T'"\"?e -uunot b.- detormi,,..,! with crtainty cm n.-ount of tho al.^once
atfrihut,..! to thosmit irrHniticI,nth(,Iith' " rt.iint.N, I,,.
"■■"■••■' • ■'.•""•"!"■; ""i."i;:cr;:;:o';™''^^^^^
vi.s ini.hT i,>. ix.Tpthuiall.v inick onv.r. This ..ov.t ■ilmn r ,,, • .
mile, or „.oro h.^n- it. tS'ki;:;. ,. , 1 a'Sr: '"^.l! S'"' "' f
The thomiM or .•nnta.'t nictainorphis,,, |,ro,l,i<v,l l,v the Rvkcrt I.itholi,!.
wa. .t,„l„.,l „„.,. ,,„ „s west side. Thore the effects are noti - 'tblc f ,
hun, re. s of Uvt ,n,m tho oontaot. They oo.Hi.t ehietlv in tL.evolo ,-,,(■;
gom,h,l garnets a,„l ,„■ .....oh ......ovito a„,l hiotit. i„ tho seh^t'" f ZSj
Rner errane. he ,n„.as lor.n ...eh h.r.er JoiN than are ,,.,,.,1 in t e i, i^t
far ron he contaet. '1 he nietaniorphio etlVets tiu,., con>i-t i,. reerv-tallir io
w ut th. formation ot rare minerals. 'l. rv i.uii/.uion
Havuxnk Batiioliti! am. its Satv.i.litks.
Xorth of Smnnut ereei< an area of son.e ten square ..ih. in the teu-„,iio
belt .3 < overed by intrusive ba-ic granodi .rite. This mass belongs t o
southern e.xtremity of a lar.e batiiolith which extends nor.hJa ffar lowti
W tenay lake, and covers a total ar..a of a, least .'iSO s,„iare n.iles. T batW
hth las the fonn of a r.ide elli,>so about 20 ...He, lonjr fron. north to t th
t^o^ru-t": "■'■;'"■;• ""'"'; ''"^ ''"^'■"■"' *^"''' '"""■ - 'o--'l -II wi, n
iathohth. " ""'• ""'^•'•""-■■'"■. ^^' Ji>tin,.iished a. the P.ayonno
i-'r.a -vol. ii— i;i
j
aeo
III i-\nnih:\i or rut: isirKion
2 GEORGE V, A 1912
CI rill i.iu'iiv iiK im: hmikimtii
NNitlni, .1,.. |,„ri „l tlir l.i.lu.li, v.t.mI 1,v th.. l..„-..,il.. l!„„M,l.rv mkm, ( tl.o
Mily part iin..,f,^at.Hl). ,1:.. «n,no,|i,.rilo i. „ „nt„l.l.v l>n„„ ....pomh rork of „
liKht-Kniv In ,,iMk,sli-«n.,v ,.„|,.,ir nipl n m..,liimi to fnirlv .o^ir^o urain Tt i-
—entiallv ..,,,np„sc.l of ,,uart/. M,i,ro,,..,-thit... ortlioHa-o. ini.TnHin,.. l,onil.l..n,lr
aMff,t... a„.l iMotit... rrv.ta^ ai.a »»:«,VK„t... of „,;,„„Hit... well ,Tv.t..llizo.l ti.a-
.i.te an.1 apatit... a t.nv -...all /in'o,,-. an.l rar,- i.jiotnorphi.. -rv-tnl. of allanito
.ire arce==.orv .•o„siitM,.nt^. .\li.ro|,..rtl.ite is tho ,loi„ina„t tVI.l.par; it often has
the doubl,. lanipllat.on „f mI.■ro.■li^o■.ni,•ro,«.rtl,it,^ Tho orthoHasr i. pmhaMv
sod. ..ro.is. Ihp -oda-li.no f.-l.Npar i^ of somewhat variahlo ..omposilion. Some
aT » <"' «»rlsha,l-alh]tP twinO Iiav.. fhr exii.wtio,, niiRles of flii,l...ine
Ab An,; othoiN are a.'ul lal.r«.l..rite. Many of them are zoned, with .ore-
of labradoritP, AbAn,. and outer rinn of oligoela^e. Ab An,. The averaee
plaRioelnse has about the ronipositiou of ha-ic andcsine. Ab. An .
.'ext to tho feldspars and quartz, hornldoude is f - most important eonsti-
tuenl It forma idiomorphio crystaN, l,ounded by plan.- at the extremities as
well ns in the prismafie zone. The eolonr ~cheme is:--
Parallel to a~Stron>f xllowish f;reeii.
b — Peep olive yreen.
C— Deep sea-j;reeii with liliiish tinjie.
The absorption is stronjr: b^Oa. In seetions parallel to (010) the extinc-
tion IS Iti'IiO': i„ se.'tions parallel t,. (110). iiVM.V. These values sho-.v that
the optical angle is unnsually small and near ^.0^» The hornblen.le hu- proper-
ties son:< what similar to those of the variety ' philipstndite.'t
The biotite is deep brown with powerful pleoeliroiMu ; it is sensibly uniaxial
The diopsidie augite is colourless to .lale greenish in thin section and is not
noticeably ploochroic. It is quantitatively subordinate to the biotite but in all
tho specimens collected must be ranked among the essentials.
The ot'ier constituents need no special note. Tlnush the rock is unusually
strong ano tresh. a little secondary kaolin and yellow eiiiilote may oecasionallv
be ieen.
The specific gravity of ,!„, rock varies from i'.T4.T to i-isB; the average for
nve Iresh specimens is J -757.
Mr. Connor has aiial.vzed a typical specimen (,N'o. s.ls) from the vicinity cf
the Bayonne mine, with the following result:—
•Cf R. .A. Daly, J'roc. Amer. Academy of Arts and Science. Vol. 34 \b99 v 311
t l'r..c Aniei . Aciuiemy of Arts ind Science. Vol. »t, 18.99, p. 433. ' ' ''■ ^"-
nm-oh-i Of iHt: riiitf Asii;n\oiif:if
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
.<"«'v,s/, nf l.„.,r .,n„m!ionlr, Ha,.,,,,,. Inlhnhth.
SiO,
TiO,
Ai,d
F«.0.
FfO.. .. *
MnO.. .,
M(,o :: :;
CuO.. .
>irO
BaO
Na,U. ...
K,0
H..O M liO'C
■ /) atmrp IIOH'
I',0 ..
291
>p.,gi-.
The iMil.'irhiKil ij..iiii i-:
guartz
rthcclasr.. . . "
Albite ■ ■■
Anorthite '
Hvpersthenr. . ..
Diopside
Magnetitp
Ilmenite
Apatite
Water
■|'l"' "i-le (J^osivval nwMhoil) is Approximately:
Quartz
Micropeithite.. .. ..
Orthoila-e \\ '.'. 7.
.Ande-ine
Hornblende.. ..
Biotite
Augite '■.
Titanite '.' .""
-Vlaguetite
Apatite '.
Epidote ^tnd kanlni..
M.d.
(M-n
1-M5
>\
■not)
17 17
■\m
2-.%
'»1A
:i«7
■0-,'
■14
■(
:'•«
■nsi
•[■4!>
• ii«
Ot
M
■IK
•ot:
■\ih
•«i:i->
•15
■a
■20
•001
lOO-Ol
2^:m
13<32
Km
24-63
7.I7
.V90
.1-4N
r3i
■31
-,■»
lOOOS
19 5
174
3^7
1K-2
11-g
44
■6
•9
12
lUUO
111 the Norm elassitication tl
2."n — v.,1. ii — ifd " ■
rcyioii ii,,rtii .,t'
aoa
ItEVARTMEST l>f THK ISIUHlOll
2 GEORGE V, A. Ht2
Ba-ic legrr^ation.. i,, ,ho form of ,lerp , -o..,. ,„ bla.-k .Mi i,U from fiw
Tl!" '""'""» ;". " '" '"" '"■ *"'"'" '^'•"'i"»-"«"'» i" ■lian..-ter. ar.- .luito common.
rhP.e .mall i.od.o. are of ,wo .la.-o.. In tho one rl.M fho ^.,..,„m.I oomponrnt-
•re hon.blfndc. lahra.loritf (Al.. An.), l.iotite, .n.I auKit... „.„ I i„ tlx- or,l. ,
of .lorroa.inff al.mi.laiice. A little quart/, and orthodase. with .uu.'!, ,Tv.t„lli/,.,l
titanite. maKi,etii.>. im.l npatif arc acessory. Mieropt-rtli dt.,1 tui-ro,.]!,,,
«eem to be entirolv «l,*ent. The «|,c<-iHc rfravity of a typi.'al spo,.imoM i^ 2.!»-'l
In the otl.<.r ola»* of -ei^r.-Rations tho colour U yot deci.er a.i.l is oxplainc.l U
n romplote lack of fcldnpar. Tho os^'ntiaU are hornblonde, bioti-c, an.l auRit.
also namo,l in the ordrr of ,ierreasi„K importanoo. Qunrt.^ u accessory but i-'
fl.m8Kl,.rably mo^. abu.ulai.t than in the Hrst-raontionrd ola^s of seffreftation-
Ilio other a.vessories are titanito, apatie, and specially abundant magnetite ii.
crystals and rounded srains. The sp.H-ifie Rravity of a typical .ample is .1.21 1
There ran he little doubt that all tlie-e bodies are indigcti.m. and that tl,.
fegrregiition of the material, if not its actual crystallizatio:,. |..ok pi: ce in lb..
early ^ta^ro of the magma's prlidification.
The pranodiorile is -. .lorally massive ami uncni,!,,.!. Straining an.l
granulation through pressure we.-e not obscrve<l in ai-v of m-vi, thin section-
cut trom the ^pt>rimen» colle.te<i. So-netimes, though r.^r.-lv. thin partings i,
the «rano.liorite carry nmch biotito, which is arranged with itn lustrous foil-
lying in the planes of parting, ih if there deveh,,H.d as a tvmiU of sliearing in
the .•ry-tallued hatholith. At the Rayonn,- mine the rock i . sheot^vl and loeallv
-■beared. On ♦ho whole, however, the hatholith is notably fr..e from evidence-
ot ilynanuc disturbances ; :d appears never to have suffered the stresses incid-
ental to an important on.genie movement in the region.
As rejiards its intluenee on the intruded formniion* the Huvonno gran..-
diorit.. has typical batholithio relations. A glance at the map silffiees to con-
vince one that this huge mass is a cross-cutting body. Four of the thickest
nieinbers of tho Summit aeries are sharply trunente,! by tho main southerp
contact. For distances ranging from one to two miles from that contact tli.
ro..ka of tho Wolf, Jlonk, Irene Volcanic, and Irene Conglomerate formation^
are greatly crushed, fractured, and metamorphosed by the .nergetic i ,trusion
Farther to the eattvard. for n di-tanee (,f ten miles" down tlic Dewdney trail
the schists ai.d intrrltJdtd (lu.irtzites of the Priest River terrane, Vnougli
likewise truncated, have been almost completely driven out of their regional
strike and a well developed schistosity peripheral to the batholith has been
found in these rccrystallized rocks. For the lower twelve mil.;s the east-wr-t
Summit creek canyon bus been excavat.-d along the strike of the schists, whirl
have been forced out of their originally meridional trends by the force' of th.
intrusion. Abundant apoph.vses of the hatholith sometimes .WO or 400 yar.l--
in width, cut these various invaded formatiotw. Tho main contact is sinuoii..
but clean-cut. Inclusions of tho invado<l rocks are not common in the bath-
olithic mass as studied in the ten-mile belt.
.^■*i^
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25.
• "NTAlT .MKTAMoHllllhM.
«s it .i-.* from -1,. .■.(.NM-....t l" ul , .. 1 1, K , ^ '" 7""'' '•""•^■""
'--'. "I .HM ,„|1..- fnrrl .r S :',. .tk ;-l ""'• '" ""■ '''''V'"''
I un.iiiit (Tfrk. Ill,, iiiiiiii cniitapt nf the
BAYONNE
)ea level
BATHOLITH
Mil*
Vertical arxi^ Horizontal 5cqIc
two to }.r.e n/it V o tL "'V"-'"*: "f '•"■""'-•t .nctmnon.his,,. i. L.-r,-
w uir.e nine, wi,le. fhe mitarnorphi,. ctfcrts sotn aloiu? flio tr.>;i ,r
»l<...e tho ., i The eM,,,,J„,„y i,„5,„i,, „,. ,1^ ,„„,.„„,phi,„
,-..rf.
394
hHf\HIUh\r tit lin IMtHtnll
m
2 QEORCe V. A 1912
In flu»e Priest Hivori.M-kKlhBllicrm«lii,..tiiMu.r|.liHm lm-> ii..t ,l..v..|.,|p«.l lu »
t.vpc. r,f m.neraU t„ any n„t.,l,|.. ..xt.-nt. Tho .-hnnK... i„ the .,uart/it.n be,N con-
• i«t ■■hu-fly in tluMr Im.,-,,,,,!,,^ ...irB.v„u,, with the liberal g.-iuTalion of both
..m,...v.,n «„.l b.ot.t... TlK. phyllite.. n.e, .rgillite.. and .,n«rf/-.ori.i„. ..-hi.,,.
infM.e.l.lo.1 with t m.rl/.te-. i.avo Ih.m ,-,.i.vorled into curs.., glitLTinif mi-a
•ohut.. in «hich tho indivi.lunl .ni-nphitrs avernge ».or.-* o tin.r* th<> mzo of
^L-^'fi'" "'"•'"•'";'"' pl'-'-'-'ti in tho ,..,„ival«nt band, farcer ,outh and not
thennally nictan.orphcod. Then,. n.etH.norph <,,d .chi,t« ,.r.- rwu'arlv .ornpo-ci
"t .loM:M>«nt .,u..rf/. n.,....ovite. and bioti.. i„ v.riublo proportion, Kiv.nB mu,-
c-ov.... quart. ^ohM. mu,oovil,.-bio,i,..„„„rt/ ...hi,t. and biotito ^.-hUt. Urai, -
of plagiochMe and o.-hooh.-o „r.. .•.■.o.son in variable a unt. H.r,. ,.nd thrr.
prism* of tourn.ahne arc d,v..|o|H.d in abnnd.inoe. In ^.tu-ral. thr ,n..t«innrphi.-
eff...t. alonK tlu; tnul are of „ nature loading to a higher .ry.stallinuv an-i
coarser granularity in the annent n-diments rather than to tho Kenoration of new
minenilg. Thn effect .* nianifeKt for .jintanoes as great u» thr nil,.* from tl„
main conta-t of the gmiite. Since the exomorphie. collar wn. not thorooKhiv
studied in the part lying .orth of tho Dewdney trail, it i* ,H>*.iMp that inan.
variations on the describe.! simple scheme of inetamorphism would be .li-covfred
by one explonntr the inner edge of the collar.
Un the other hap ', the minernloKical channes in the Sunmiif «erip=. of rock<
are often very marked. This \* the cn^e even nt long -li-tnnee. fr the irran.-
oiorite coil act.
One of the most rc-markable instances is shown in the bun-l of basHi Ir
eouKloinerate. At the Dewdney trail, nearly two miles south of ll e batholithi.
contact, this rock is expose<l on a Inrgc scale. .\s usual it is intenselv sheare.1
with its quartzite. carbonate, and slat.- pebbles roll...! out into flat lenses and"
ribbons. The thermal metamorphic effects arc most pronounce,| in tho eemei •
whi.h 1^ often abundant. In Itdge and hand-specimen the cement is. of » dark
green nolour and of silky lustre, evidently due to abundant biotite end ■ i-
coyite crystalhied in minute individuals. In the less metamorpho-od be.ls th,
microscope shows that grains of quartz an.l carbonate are the other e«»ciitiul
constituents. There is consider.ii.io effervescence with cold dilute aci-l showini?
that the disseminate.! grains of carbonate are. in part, enl.'itic. The numerous
pebbles of carbonate are true dolomite. Through their mashing tl... .fment ha-
become mechnnically impregnate.! with grains and small, granular aggregates of
dolomite. The calcite may be, in part at least, of secondary origin an.l. in : nv
case, 18 subordinate to the magne^ian carbonate. On the whole, the er.m,H,Mtioi,
of these few, relatively unaffected bands of tlie conglomerate i^ like that .!e«-
cnbed for the standard sections of the j'reno formation.
For hundreds of feet of thi.^kness the cement has been verv notal.lv altered
throug!, contact action. The chief effect consists in the j.xtrenielv abundant
generation of dark green, actinolitic amphibole, forming long straight or curved
prisms. These often shoot irregularly through the quartz-mi.'a groun.l-ma«s or
form beautifully developed slieaves an.l ro-^ettes. which are speeiallv well exhil.i-
ted on fractures parallel to the schistosity. The individual prisms ru-i fr.,m I
cm. or lees to 3 or 4 cm. iu length, with widths usually under 1 i. T!i.
amphibole has the opticc.l properties of actinolite.
:y;^yft^ro¥«P?c5!aLV^ V
jrii^ ir:rj-1^:t, immMit
HI Itiin nl nil I mil {sllin\n\ll It
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 29a
aoa
Ih. .I,„I,v „| ,..»,.r„ tin,. ...h..,,. |.„. ,..„.vi,..v,| ih. „ril.r llu.r an,,.!.,.
ml.. I,.,. U.,, u.,„..n.,...| „, ,1 ,,„. ,. „„. .,.,|.,„.„i,. ^,„i„, .|i.-...m.,'...,|
.«rl,.,Mat..l,..unn« ,„.k.. W I,..,, .1,.. .ari,,,,.,,,.. „,.. nim.,.! ,„t in ,|,., ..,.„..,,. .1...
... m,.l,t.. n.nv Ion.., ,., „n.,l. ..- „ ,|.ir.| „r „ h..lf ..f ... n-k. < •o.„i,|..Ml.l.
^ mluto «n.l La.,.- plj,K.o.ltt-,, wtTc „l.., U„uu-,\ i,. -,„..o 1,..,|.. S„..h nun. r,.l,i..
.« I ol,. ,„■ ..o„t,...,. ab,.,.t 3,mm ,ar.k A ,...r1i..! .xplanati,,,, „f ,|,.. „....,.„„.,
h.. .nfrusity ., „«„... 1,. bt, f..,...,l i„ ,1... ,,r.,l,„|.|,. f„,., th,.t ,1... «r.,„o,li„r,...
lu-i l..n..«th tb..e .M.trr..,,, ,.,„l at a .li-fu f .•,M,.i.l,.raMv l.«. tl.,.„ :;.»h.
yoMs iliiwiiwanl.
„, '''**■" " '"""^ "^ »J"' ''••"^' l"^"" «..r. 11...^...! at tl,.. |>..w,|„.x trail
The.c .....tn t.. 1... t>,,i..al .,f ,|,.. |„va. ,.f th.. . x r,.hi,. .,.,„. wlur... a- a r„l..
they l.avo 1,, .n „,i..t,.|y ,.hanK..,| ,„ tin, -.^rai I .„■ „...,li„„. »,rai....,|, l,i«hlv
H.H.Ie l,or,.l,l..,.,l.. «..|,„„ (;„,,„ hornl,l..,„ „.| .,„art/ arc th. ,,rM,.i,.al oo.,.-
ponontH: «r..iMN „f ..a.-lH.naf... a,.paro..tl.v ,|„|,.,„,„.. a„.| a littl- l,a-i. ..lairi,.
olav are piv«.iit in l.otli tliin w'ctii.iiv
Tlio phylliti.. ..J.Ut, „f th,. \f.,„k f„n,.ati„M |,av,. I,....„ ,i„„a]lv ...rfan.nr-
ph.HP.| |,v the luthohth... intrusion. F.,r a .li,ia.„v „i ,, half n.il,- or n.-r.
outwar.1 fr-.m tlw ,.rn„it... th,*,- ro.'k. have he,.ri entiverte,! i„tn a ..-hLto,,-
hornfel. .•.,„i,.,m..1 of q„„rt/. in.is..ovit... l,i.,tit,.. ^illi,„at,it... a„,| r.,1 K..rn..t
alot.^' with ,„uc|> uiitwiniied fel.Npar. a|.pan ntly all ..rllaH.|,.-,.. The ln„*r„vil.'
foiN ..,th..r lie in the plane „f ..hi^t.wity „r ov.ur with ran.lum orientati,,,-
thn.ut'h the ruek. In the !att.-r ..a-e th.v a.v ,|,ai.tfl.-. ,n..as„rintf f-o:,, (| :.
mm. t„ j.n ,„ni. in .liameter an<l are in ph..r„„T.v,ti,- relation to other eon-ti-
ti.cnt... Ihe -illinianite has th.^ n-iial development in ne,.,ll,.s whjeh are oft,,,
aggregated in tuft- or >l.eave8 very ,ons,,i,.nons ,.nder the miero^.-ope. Th,
orthoela^^e Bfams show a ttmh-n.-y t" a^gnvate along with -o,n.. grain, ,.f
quarto „, len,.>, ! ,ntn. to :.' ,nm. l,u-.g. the... len.e. lv,„g i,, ,h., plan,. „f
gehiMosily. Ihe ahiin.lan.-e of the orthoela^e in ,onie „f the h, imen* sngg..,|-
that Its !,ubston.e has 1 e. n intro.ln.v.l from the inagm... hi.t thin is not eerlain
The garnet is pale red,li*h to nearly eolonrIe-« in thin s.^..fi,.n nn.l ha? the ii.i.al
habit of the mineral in I'dilaet-zone'-.
On th,. top of the t;,(IO<)-f„ot ri.lge whi,-h overlook* S„n„„it ereek on th-
north and runs -astwar,! dlreetly f,,„n the p,.aks at the welter., h.'ad of ,|,.
creek, a thick sene. of ferrnginons s,.hi-<ts are expose.] for a di-tanee of a n.il.
aieasnre,! along the ridge. These sehists ,lip i.n.ler the \V,,lf ^rit an,l .pv.rli,
the 200-loot bed ,,f hreecia-eonglomerat.. ..t t.he top of the Iren.. voh-nni,. form.-
tion. There is little ,Io„bt that th.-M. f,.riiigino„s s..hi-t- an- the niii..h nieti-
mondlosed e.inivul,.nt.i of the r....k- of the Monk fonnation. K,„ir tvin. s,m.,m-
mens were eolleeted at p<,int.s nhont l..--. milt^s from the ..onta.t of the Uavonno
granite. All of them have Icen mi<.roscnpipally ..xamine.l and prov,. i. h,.|, in-
to the one six^eies of stflnrolite-sdii,!. The sta.irolitcs f„rni s.,hi.lio,„..rphl..
crystal, and anh.>,lra of all size- np to 1.". nun. i,, |..n«th. In tran.o.itt- I li..|,t
they are iiMially of a strong v.-llow .olour. As „snal. .piarf/ in,.|„-i,.„- are
li-'i Vi."t-^^*^.*^.'jpt«3''
li
206
Tn:i'\ur\if:\T or viii: imkhior
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
vcr.v mnnoro,,.. m, ,1,.,, l,„n,lr..,l. „f ,„i,n,f,. .-Lnr l-n-,.. or ,lr,.pl..N of fl,at
tion of tl,e inWns,,,,,, ,pp,,,,, ,„ i,,,,,,,,,,. ,|„„ „ '
.rams ..,,,„po.H„- ,ho s.^lns, l.of.n. it was thonnally n,o,anK,rpl,o,o,l , o J ,
te crv.tals prow ,p,io.ly i„ ,l,o ,.,„.,, witl,„„t oansiufr .noollani-al .lis ..r a ".
of the pro-ex.s „,. „.|,i,„.,, -„,„.,„r<.. SoriHti,- ,„„.,.ovi,o. l.io,i,e an L t/
form , ,e >„at,-,x „, .l,i.l, ,'„. al.„n,]a.„ -.aurolito lio. Tl ... n'kt '
^taurol,,,. „. ,1,0 pr„m,.l „:as. Hn.l full analogy i„ ,he rooks ill ,. r-Uo I ,
hpuros ,ss a,ul SO of ]{osc„I,„s..l,-. Klo.nonto .lor OoMoinslohro. llos p ,."
.\bun,la„t tw,nno.l ..rystals of ,li.s,l„.no. whioh .lo not show inolnsions of ,he
Kromid-mass oft.-n a<'oomp.-M.- ,1„. ,,aurnli„.s.
Evon from ,1
10 lorofTiiii
• n<
■f
I'atholitli, it i< .-Icar that t,l
lotion was for.-. -^pondinply pnw.rfu'l. 'I'o tlio fu't
10 <..\otn(irpliii.
It of tlio 0.
nil
iitaci action of tli.' Bii
iir i- uniisna
Ily 1
'i-'-'nil and Ihal tli.
nink
tl
The (lifforont hcN wli
iMlj;li Mndy of til
Pl.olopirt whn p
to
I1-. mtcr.stinnr r.?siilt< may ho pn,ini.-,l.
loli have l:o«.|i ait.-i..,! should ho id
> as to dotomiino tho ^^■\u,l■ yaimit ,.f ..haiif.-
if oaol
oh, and tn Hiid I'lo n-l
dioritc. Th
Idl
llinll nf til
I's involvod i
haiific- to di~ti
ntitiod and foll,,«od.
wcrk would oiitail flio oxprnditiirc of
lo iiiitaii
from tl
rphisin
lo ^raiio-
.■nuld 1).. dovotol to tho stiiilv d
aro Very rou
-di: tl
niuc-li inon. tin
"UiKhirv
l.ut tl
ic r..-ult Would
10 work must, in any oa-o, bo I
holt s
th
urvi.y.
Tl
lo inountaius
II ply
ropay tho <
■ffort.
iini.-con>uiuinf
and
anluoiH
SVIKI.r.lll.. STOCKS o\ Tin: ipimdk.
On ,1,0 mail. wa„.r-paitii.p of tho raiifro aiul just south of tho l),.wdnov
tr.,;l a Mian, o sto,.k outtiuK tho middh. nionihoi-s of tho „pturi.,.d Suuni'it
>..nos. iswoll ..x,..od. I,. ,r ul-plan t'lis body is an .dlipL with a Z I
I oa.*ilj studied '''' '""""■"-'"■'"■'' •'"^■•°^« <•'« Howdncy trail, whonj tho rook
/V/n-</.«„/,,,.- This „,.a„i,„ i, mo.linm-Krain,.d. of a li^lit pinkish-Krav (int
id," :tH""" '" ,:'^"-'^-"'?"-' --titnonts. (JuarL miorop-.thi '
orthmlasc. a httle m,o,-oclino, and oon^idorable oliRoelaso. Ah An with a
Z it ^"'"'r'':"^*^' '""-"">^ "f ^-'tito aro tho ossontials: titani o. .i a^ t
pat.to and z,r..o„ aro spaiun.ly present. Prin.ary musoovito is aooossorv a „
s often reprnlarly nite,-;.rown with the hiotit.. Alo„;r th,. wo-ton, oon,a..t a{
the larger stock the mn-oovite beoonies so important that tho ro,.k ,m,v ho
■ ailed a two-m,oa graiMt.": if.s structure in this oonta,.t zone tends to tho pauidio-
morpln. The avo.a.o s,..oifie gravity of four fresh spe-in,..,,- of the";.!'!,;
nri'oin nr iin: « ////,/ \si iiosumi:,
297
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A ivpical
I', tlic I{i..ii\vji] iiictl
spcriiiii.n fr..iii \\n< -ti.-k
ic.l iiiiii t!u' fell
VVM- <tililli-.l .iU.llllit;llivflv .i.-.-,,i-,i;,,:
'ii-litiioiit< \v. Ti' I'ninid :
owih^- uciiilit |..T.riitii:ri~ of 111,- .litr,
Quartz.
M
rrc'ifcitlnt
OcllflT,,!!- ol tl.d.l.iM. ....... ■')!'i!
()lig..,l„
Hi4.titi-
Mii-,(ivit,.
Mapiietiti-
Apiititp ,111(1 zin
I.-)!'
121
3-8
^1'- K'-.
Sil
Thp 1
ii-ii iiiii-l fnnri jImiiii 7."i |ii r n nt :<\
the pi
arti'-r -toi-k 1- -iirruuiidiil l.v .\u Iricfiiihir frinj;.- ..f ~l
'1110 of which foll.Av the tninl
i-Tits. A tliiely c.Niiisd -"d-f
•t iiiii-tor j..iiit-
rom.' iipophv
I"
itittiiiji: the Wolf j;iif on tl
trail, is prohnhly nn otT-lmot
•t ilikc (ijiiip|Hi|i of
ill the iiiv;ii|o.| ipiiirtziti'- uii.i
jwrphyrilir lliolit(-^■l■:lllit.
ir .■^uiuniif :ilMMit l.;;o() ya-.N north of tho ]»,-u-,l
p=t with roiiMi-kiihl
■I Illr -n
-traifrlitiii'S-. anj .•
two inih's oviT tlu' inoiintaiii >li
nil' iiiat.'iiia.
ai. 1m- f,,ll,
Thi. ,1
liO.V
iki' r\u\< ca-f anW
We'll «it'i nil' I'vc for III
-troiiff viTlical tiirii^l-fault wli
ii'h i.-i iiiarki'ii mi tl
s('i'iii-< to lie in til,' prol,
iiliahoii III
It' map.
Ml' 111 an uinnuallv
l.l-oa.l -h.
A Mriat iiiiiiilior of otluT dik^
iirring on Hie ,.a-teni iiiiil -outhorn Mil.- of tli.. larger stock, wli,'.-,' tin
orniaiioii- aro Iri'inciidoii-ly shatlori'il for ili
'f the .Monk ami Wolf f
tam-os varyiiifr troin 0.(; mile to 1-,')
torni and relations of ~tock and shat
lilcs. ! ijriirc L'H illiistrat<'s
hroador tiiaii tho .~tock it-olf. It
Icr-zoiii
I'll on tho soiitl
nil' f-'oiicrnl
loasl i-i a
tlio various invaded f
i~ aiiparint in ih,' tijriire that llie 1,;
•tiially
eU of
-triko. 'jhe si
orinalioii- are not -erion-ly disturhed from tin
lath'rinjj- has liieall.\ hr.
ip eaeli tormatii
ir I'emoiial
n mlo a \ a-l
iininhor of fragments, hut iieithi r llie .Monk M-'iist hand, tli.' Wolf ^r,it 1,
i>r tho Dew
iinshatt
if th.
ney i|iiart/.ito 1
1- h,
iiiil
Ml ilriveii on
I of al
erod portions lyinjr to north and -onih of tl
alijriinient with tho
Tl
main stoek has evidontly replaced
c inlru-ion-
Tl
le i;i'aniti
lero is no hint in tho tield-relatioii- ihat tl
qnal voliiine of lli,- -,.,|i
ir • chonolithie ' order and tims d
mittod of the • hydrostal
till' inlrn-iiiM i< of lie lacci.li
lie to ,1 n:ere parting; ..f the str;ila which pi
that tho >>rai
le, injection iiiio tl
ute was not intruded after il
le i>|M'lilli,
le maiiiier
demonstrated hy the execod
strata.
r -o |irini
if ,1 laceol
h'd. The i,.
inyly -tl'olji; colli:
iiiel;ini,,r|ilii-ni in iln
II I i~ tiirtlier
d.d
Cimiarl Mi'tiiiii.orii!nsm. ~Tiu<
throughout tlio shatter-zone to tl
inior|ihic acii.,n is sif,'iially illii>li'ate
-M.) F.
'r sijiiare niilo~ together the .Monk j.hylliii's 1
lo sonlli,a-t o| the -t^.ck. ( I-'ijrures l'O ami
ia\e. Ill that zi'iii
208
itF.i'.\itiMh:\i or riir. imlriou
I
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
converjod into greeni.l. pn,y, ......li,un.«n.i,„.,|. l,.,r„Msy r.-.ks „f ,„ite diFcr-
ciit habit and oorapogition. (IMate •>: \ )
(P 2 .T ar^Lco".^' ""'""• '"■"■""^' «"^"'-''-^ «■>•" tourmalin.,
types ot rock: mu-xovito ,,van tc-onirty <,.!■;► i- •. k i'uim i|jiii
auart7 ^I'liit n^wr .'''■;''"" ''"•'"'^ ■^••'"-t. ''ordiento-mn^^'oviti-l, otit.-
r ordi rit ' ''"^■7"';'""';''"'^"'-'^"'""='l'>"^-"'"^''Ovito-l,iotitc-o,nrt^ schi.t
t^on Tho r'"r" '•■ "' ■""''^"' '""^ ■'^''''"" ''"''^ f'O'" «">• oi 'the thin se.-
L':. J'^'^ "I"-''"l l'rorer,K.s of all thc.o n.inorals aro tvpi.al of them .s d, .■
^S' not" 1 ". ''";:'"'' •"'•'""''' '•*■ '^'^-^-Pl'v; their' dotail.o..i;,,„
n«ed not l,„rden hi. report and i. o„,itto,|. An exceptional, non-n.ieneeon
ho ntes, '•om,„,sed o «rc.n horn..le,.do, ,„ar,., epidote. and zoi.ite wi, ,
imie n ar. pn.bably repro-ont. , g.vatly n,otan,o,piK.ed dolon.itie .p,ar,-
The gritty roek. of the Monk and Wolf formations have been l,n,
httle altered, thonph the onee-arj^illaeeons eement of the oonslomerates n
Dewdnej- onnat.on ha. l.en .v,n,pletely reerystalliml. with the ineration of
nnnh ,.onl,er,te, .dinnanito. nuis-ovite. and hiotito. Mieroperthite is pre en t i.
m',«;n.r'''Thi'''''"- "'" "r"'"" " ''"^" '""■" '" >'""■ ■''-<'•-> ™ >
magma. Ih.s nnnoral also oeenr. i„ the mek. of th.. Bavonne hatholitl,
wi:;:;^'- a ;^-l'>l-.'nt in ,1. phymte. at A.u.tney monntai^. ^^
«here a«an ,t has l,een transferre.l from an alkaline m.,gma is anoti ;
example ot f.e sp-eial ea.e with which this particular feld^tuc l„b t
migrate. „,t. contact aureole.* Two .pe,.imen. of the Dew.lnev ,,,
taken Iron, a pomt about .TOO feet from the granite are very rich in ic L
perth.te soda-orthoclase, and a fel-ispar which is almost certainly anortlo-
so^^c,rta,n. >,n..e ^ra.ns of m>croperth,te occnr in the unmetamorphosf.l quart-
On the other hand, the composition of the intrusive ha. iH^cn affected bv
he .ncorporat.on of material fron. tlie walls. The granite of the larger o'k
IS abundantly charge-! with fragment, of quartzite. schi.t. and conXmer.
In many cases these .how „o direct evldenn.^ of having lo^t substance b.":
rof""„ T '""''"" 'T "" '"'■'"'•''^ ""^"^^ "^ conglomerate afford con hi •
roof, that even m the nuigmatic period in.mediately preceding ^olidifica i ,
tlie n:agma v.-a. able to absorb such material "'xHt,. atio„.
•R. A. Daly. Bull, 209. U.S. Geol. Survey, 1903, p. 34.
Tm veil. ii-|,. ifts.
i
RKfoin ,,r THE can.,' ASTftnsoMi:/}
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
aoo
' •. \» • • • . ■ A A A A A A . - _ -T' , J . . . .
■;• • • •
• • •
> • ••
\4^
. .-^. •■••••••iWir
■ • • 1 •^' »»wV ••••••• •^
.tr. .-t*^* ••••••«,
• .X" • . . ••••••• • y > •
6/.
'. Uj
•J
a .
a. ;
Uj
^
i , ■
Uj :
O ■
Statute Miles
tin- sti>cka is illustrated. "' i "'.iJier d.itM. I he iToss-cnttinsr Haticm .,f
>-
LU
Z
Q
UJ
Q
MONK
• V.V.V-V • • • • • •••••••»» •• »-vv .-
■ '. ?. • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••««■•'
30O
iiKiwRTMUM or Tin: iMiition
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
On tho n,aiM ri,lp.-.iivi.lc. nu.sso, of .'o.mloin.TMt,. wo,.. foun 1 in ■, wi,Io
.MO the ro,.k , hsBolvcl out ti.o .oment in l.r... .,„,.„„,». „m,1 1.,, thus n.,r
■ Ml.v thnrouphly .■npr.v.nato.l ,l,e ....ndom.rato wi,l, ,rani,i,- nu..,.-,.! b,„ .„
...... .-™u.l ,n„ny o the Ur„, .r.zi.o ,.,,,,,.. .In.-,. Mill n!;: , U ,•
■« ■ M.It.l,v ,.no]o.ccl n, .rani.o. Tho ,„ w„. ..i.l.n.Iv „,.r. soi„l,l..
"I .1„. M,;;rn,M ,l„u, ,ver.. the q,u.rtnt,. p..M.l... ., ..„„,.1„m„„ ,„ I,.. .,,p,,,,.,|
'n.liT ,:.;";. ;^'"V'"^!'- '-tero^encou. .v.n.nt Iuh a l.wor fusion;;.-
nor. I'r "'"' P^"""^' « "«<"- -lntion-,.oi„t of ton>,H.n-.lur.Mhan
'l,t mon. In. hlv m h,.,„us qunrtz.to. This partial absorption of tho oonplon.orate
. u „ .,11,.„ ,.f ,1„. s„.p..„s,o„ of tho l,to..k, au,l pohhlo.. At an oarlior .orio,].
« . '1- .^.";ln..' ua. 1..S. „lvau-o<l. tho ,p,ar,.i,o p.,!,!,].. thou.solvo, liko tho
'•'"„"";'""■ -'1 -l-.,-,. fonna,;,., 1,1 ,,„vo !...,.„ ,li...lvo,]. K,„.
au hi ; hi "■;,'■ 'T ■" '■'"'""" ^^'''- ''" "''^^''^''"" "f ^--^'■
.ln..,lK ,iou,ou-tral,l,. ,.u , „■ uuuu .outao,.. |,nt i, is „t loa-t po^.ihlo that
. ua.rat.- .hr.va no In.,, tho .oriri,!,- an.l fohlspathi,. o.untvy-rook <\\.
-K.-l U Xhv uiain l„„|.v .,f ,„airuu, i„ a lato -la-o „f it. hi-tory.
"wM dt ivT H ' 1 r ~'""'""^ "' ""^ '""^"^ motan,orpho.o,1 .chi<„
Its ..•.n„.rnlogi,.al .onvpn.i.i,,,, .lifTers wirloly from that nf tho .took urauito
I Me .Innnnant o-..ntial is aujosiuo foWspar. near Ah An ooonrrir in
rnnarkahly uhou.orphi,.. twiuuo.l crystals avora.iup 1 „,n,. i , dianuto Zrt"
mm. t„ 4 nuu. ,n .hau.et...- is an abundant ossontial. Tho aooossorics inol ,]o
man.to nia.not,t.>. npati.o. ^iroon. and nu.scovito. Tho n.ioa/ are , , I
r pularly n,to-...ro„n. nith comn,on ba.,1 piano. They show -on,o to don v to
lustor u, tl^ rook and o.specially .. .-. ■ ^ tho nu.soovito is prin.ar v: ,Jk
.;,n, e fro-h. .Not a trace of alkaline feldspar was f„und, though' ho le tc
tion of any sii.di w„uld not be diftiouh in this ease.
A MMantitative estimate of the composition was nuide bv the TJosiwd
.nchod A h,gh degree of accuracy was i„.pos-ible on accou, t o tl W
.hape. the m.cas. Rough as it is. the ostin.ate servr« to - " v tw witlv
tzTM^.^r'' '' ''""' ''■ ''-''■ -"• ^ *'- -^^- Tho pr;.:;-:;-
h-i:i'i,i;i ,,i nil > inn \.^i un\,.u,,i;
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
301
Quartz
Andp-iiiii'. .
Biotite '.
Mn«co\iti>.. .. .
Mngiiotitf
Otlicr jucc^Mti !*•
ISO
•ill.))
. to.u
io
■It
nwu
"':;"''"'^"'"' 'i"'>'n''iii.-..„ ,i,i„„ ,i,j,,,i„. .,,„„„^,,, , ,
SiO
M,0 .. ..
Fe.o...
Feb.. ..
MgO,. ..
CaO.. ..
\a,0.. ..
K,(i
\\ ..!,., , ,1,
am
M>
It,
V2
4 1'
4S
t'l
It
IM-O
-|>ri-llllill- |,
r
i- :> iii!i-.'..vih'-l,i\ir-
I'lio spocitlc >>r;ivil,v of
iiig qunrtz ilioritc.
tion to tlie visible =izo of thr- hZ T T , ""^"^'""^ '-^ ""' of ..11 ,,ro„or-
n.i,.rai,„i.. ,,an... o. i„ ::;,;;vi:.!:;:i:;;i:i T> i::::ui::rtzf T'
satellite, of tho IJayonnc l,.Khnli,l,. ,Fi. oT . , . or ,' /? l''''"^'
quite un.r,.sl,...i a„,l out tl.o „pt,.n,e.l Sun.n.irU ^ of , i2 t' H o" ""';
nect.;[:;.t;;:;;;;;r^r:;;;;\;^.:ttn:lj;u;;K''::lS
to de,ermi„e tl.,. ,io„«itv of t . a rcrv , ; ' ,"■''"' ""■' '" ^ •^"^'"'i""
Mow the roof of this part oi Z haLimr' ' li ZSl^rr'' 1/'"'
detonnine the .lensi' / of th.. -rn.ito orv.f.Hi.. 1 „ ^tock wo ..ro al.lo to
from the sa.no hatholith Ti; . ■ r-..r , ■•'"'" "'" ""'^ "^ "'' °'^^''«°'
..ii._i.in. Ill, a\,r...-,. -)„■,■,(..• -ravitie^ arp, respectivfly, O-Tr.?
3oa
in:i'Mn\n.\r nr nn: nihRioR
^ 2 GEORGE V. A. 1912
ROOF
GRANODIORITE"
BAYONNE BATHOLITH
VNi-
■ i i Miiej
Horizontal ond Vtff.col Scale*
Kmihk 22.-1)
'."t.n'-.ialSrS.lfih!**''"" ^'"■"'■"^ -'"'- "' "- - - -«-K-.f N.l.,„ Kan...
hinrtStfalW tV""'"" "'"""!: .^"^■■'"''^■•^ "•^i"''"'-"- «^" the other
I-OsT CHKKK (JRAMTE BODY.
in mm ,,i nii: , nnr \^i i.;,s„Mi.ii
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
303
'"••"N of ,,„„.,.i,..' I ..h :,,:;''',;:;:' v'l r- ''"■'- ■""• -•"••••'■'^ "-
-^..■.■i..iiy ,1,.. ..,,i,„. ,,„,„ ,„„,..,,i:' ,;',;;' '"■ -— •. ti,.... x..„„ii,h..
"• "'"■'"l""t an.lalM.if.. i,, .„„„ ',," , " " '' "'■•^"•" rphMn, „,. ,.,.M..r.t,„„
a«jrreg:«t*, uhi..), ,„oi,l,. ,|„, r,„i i„ '.Hkl,'; 1 '"."■' "' 'l"-""^''"- ^""1 I'i'-i'" in
;;:::=;:::"' -""'^ - ■-'"-:•- -'"no,.^-';/-;, •;;;;::-;,;;;
'l'".'l.-iMo„ „s ,o wl„.tl.,.p „r „.., ,' n I'r i? "'"''•;'"•'" ''" »•" '-"^-.r
-"^to.i,.v. Tho o.lH... an,l larK- n , T;;./^'""", "'"/"■^ "^ ''*'''"'>'^ -
relut,o,w. Tl,e wi.ltl. „f ,l,i. |„„,., ;, ,. I. ,1 ': "'r'""'-^' "•"-".■'tine
I.OM of th.. ,|....p .nn.v,,,, „f I.,wt - . .k V" ';'"'";'■ '''''■"""' "^ "'^ '••""''va-
''^'-t r.. „f ,l„. ...,li„,.,,.arv ,.„v..r U tl . i, l""!- : ""'''' *■:'""■'■« " f""' ""'"'""'i
;'";1 ;'-;. •■- -"■^' w,;,„,, iLilLnl'' :^:i7t;'''*''-''^'''^'-''^'-'^
liiitliolitlu.' riiiH-i, I'liiiiii I,, t,,rm ,,ric r,,|,tliiii.n,,
A rilliull iiitriisinji ,,f t|„. 1,^, I I.
1.">H with «l,i..h thi. whole Rn,„„ „f .rM,it. , "V''' l^'V '"''''"'•'' *■"^"'^'-
^.".1 iU ,„t.Hit.>. is known to ,„L .,;,•>•' !'' '■ "^'- "■ "^'"'"'i"'
1.0 .■,u,h,.r ,ii„.„-...i i„ , f„„„,,,^ -„;;;;;;:;;,,' '"'■• ■" "'••- --—^ -n
"I MvMI Mill. .■.T,,, K.
.>-H.S;;; ;';Vh:i;::;;;;;;;;i;;,;~ p.... .„ ,„. ,h,.
...il- ..".1 lyin*, nl>,:o., whollv o,, tho ^oM.TiiTT'jr'-T '■'■'^''"^<-— |.'"re
-took is c^„.p<„e.i or a n,..,li,„„ ,„ , „• • ^^ , u I " -"''"'^" "^■"- '^''i"
'••■nnin. tho .,„ali .,„•„„•, l.^Zllj^Tr'^l'^rt'^ ""'■ "'"' ''-"•■"'
R.in.. scnorally morn woa.ho''. ,i ' T '" ■"'"""•' ^'"'■^•'
'lie Lo.,t oroek an,l Sn.nn.it ni ! "'.:,«'^" "'" ''.^ « ^<> ro.Lli.h tin, than
..nrtly ,h,o to ,ho fa,.t .h L-R l' ,, '"" '""-""r "•-""-n.^ otf,.,-, may l,o
•■."d -ru-hod ,han ,ho ,,,!.;,."',? '''■''"''';'■ l^. '"■'■"—•'>'..- -fain..,!
'1-.^ produoe-l at many poin-: i„ tho ': ;;.k ■ n'''^""'.'' -''-'■-'v ha. h,,.,,
prononnord noar the -nthoanoi-n o . .,, Z „ T''^"" ""■""""•'" '^ ' '
Salmon rivor. For a di.tan.^ n V)^ fol ' , " 7""."-.-- "f I.-, orook and
'labradonto Ah. An, ,o la:in£ol ::"!:";„ ^^ j;;:^- ''^ -';,. r-i-io......
a,o. and ahnndant mn.oovit. foil. Tin pla o ', • tl T^' -^''T °^""^-
. ane, of sohistosity and are of niotamor h ^ ",. ' Tl 'n-r^t '"■ '" t
t .e mn,oov,to-hoarin.. „„art. .liorifo whioh f„rn,: ho n , ' "" """'""^
>hattpr-zone abont the snmmit stock..
'ny apophy*o.= in tl
tiio
ao4
IttfiHIMtSl III rut: IMI.UInh-
2 GEORGE V, A. 1012
Tliis^nmir- <,l„. 1,,,. tl,.r,„.,ll.v ,M.|..in,.r|, .1 i,. ,,„.„„v r.«k n tin
I MM .,t„.„* ,.f two M"-.l...t.s o..II..<.t...|. ,.,... at tl... ..>,„|,w,-t..,„ -onta-t ll„
'^ "'• "': " •";."" ';';"" '•'"^ f-' ^r..„, , .,„.„., ,„,„. ,,,„„,.,, ,,; , ;,, ,
Bunk..r 11,1 mm.. ,l,o nn,l„l,Mit.. -..hist U .„.m,..,„|y ..n„M,,l,.,l nn.l i. ..,„ I.
sunk l"ir tK'c-tiiillnijr (.rr.
Sm.mov I{hii( Mmn/.imi,:.
m. . th.. I ,.n.I IM)n.,ll,. ...|„-t h ..„t l,.v „ .„,„I1 „.„.k „f ,.!„,„„!,■ r.H-k. ,vlu, I
i« :;;";;;; «^;' !-"<■"! ;»f-"V"""-''i-. - -i -.„;,. ,i,.. k..,,.; i, ;,;
rook • ! """ "r"""" ^°'''' "■'•"^"'i»» ■•'<' .V'«M. in .lia.notor. T)>.
rook H M.|at,v..|v ,,r„„o ,„ ,|,sintoirratio„ ..,,,,1 if l,a. wratLr...! fn-lv int„ 1, ,■•,
».o„.k.r,v ,.,„.-..., ...... f,„nw hav.. l...., ,.,.,.,i,„..,l l.v ,.xf„lia,i„n a ,1 ' J
con r... w..at or,:,. „n .i,.i„r hl.ok. Hy „,.■ ..„..r„,.,i.. i,.,n,-i„., ,1,.. .^i: . ^ ,
rock. Ih,. ..o„t,u-t annol. ,. a t.w luM.lr,.,; f...... i„ wi,l,l,; i, 1„„ „.„ ,,..,,
sti)ilii>(| iiiiornsiopicali.v.
The iKMootis ro,.k i. ,iark K>o...,i.|,.>rra.v an.l ratla-r .■oar^.-KnuM..! It i
n.os„ve and ,|n,t.. lUHr,,. 1. vv iti. tl.o ,n,«i,l.,l ov... a„^it... Motito an.l M.\
- i. .?V ' :;."■'■;"/>•'""• '•■"" "--- "f varvin^ Ln^rh, „„ to tha,
^. . n.,u or « nun. I l,o l>,ot,t.> ,Hv„r. in hntrou. Mark, ofto,, i,ii„„,orni,i^
o,s wlu,.h .nay ho 2 n.„,. or nu.ro in .liam.... h,.t av,.ra„. aho„t Ofl
n.t«.vn tW fon.u. ...s..nt,al. th.. f..!.i.„a, fo„,„ „ kin.i of n.ososta.is. nun,.,-
o, n<l,v,.l„nl. am.na, „npr .". n.n,. in .lianKt.T. Many ..f ,h.. larger or .tal-
ifiis" '" "" ' ""'"'" "'""'' '"■'■ """■'""•" '"•'■"'"'" "'"•" t'"' ■•'"•'>
IJmlor th.. nu,.ros.„,H> the an^ito show, tho ,h.avnff„s tho very palo pn. ,.
ol.m«t ooIo„r.*< ,„,t. .louhlo r..fra,.tion. an.l oxtin,.,ion an^lo, of a HotJih'
One oryMal ,n a tl,in ^tion ..how...I „ narrow int.>rn,pt,.,l tnantlo oir ,'
f ah.orpt,on. Iho f.Mspar helo,^.. to th,. alkalin.- an,! su,la-limo iro,,,,-
«ln,l are ropre,se„t<M ,n n.-arly eqnal vmportion.. The larper, sohilleri/i ,..
n> tvnlnals l,ave tie optieal pro.x.rti... of ,o,hvo,.tho,.lase a,'l mio;!: '; t,"
Ihe .ame erystal nften has the l,o,noffenrous strueture of so.ia-orthoola.so i,.
one part an.l the familiar mu-ro,K.rthitic interprowth irn-Tularly ,l..vehi,„.|
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
i:.r':.Lr'v,:':;:;::;,,:'::;:r.:;;i:'-. !:■'■■'-'-' - ^
«-" -f rt.'^ ■---■• '"n.l;T :;:;';• ';';!:::,; ;;•";; ' ■ ;
f„u c ■> "Ki'H. Ill , •,,111, „„, lion, nliid- III . f,.l,l,n,,r t il, i . •
av..r„„i ',,,,,,:,/;,.:;;/';;••'''■; '''-.v« m r..|,.,iv..|.v .,i.„ ,.,,.,,..
to rh.. <„rl-l„i,| ,.i„I iill.i, , 'J I ;■■ '"■.' """""'■ '"'• "■■-■nlin.'
p'n^ I..-.- i- 1,:!;: : : :;" 'z: ^'i 7'T'''"-' ' '■/•■'' '•'■-
found. The -tni,.|,i,... iV , r ^"^"; ."""'-"""1 ffniin. .f ,„i„„, .,„. „,.„
-" ^- .-.,1 -.li..!;:;;;:!,;:;',;;:;^'""" "'"""^ '•'""•■= "'-'-'"-- "•
Afr.C„ni,or-.niuily,i-,.f,if,..,i., i„„ „ , x,, ,;, , ^^ ,.,^,,^^ ^
•'""'"*"'« »'■ S„l,„„n /.';,.,.,■ M, ,„:,,„;>,■
£i.''t \|,,|
TiO) .-,fl(i« .<^^^
*"'•». I«!>I Wii!
f/;: . •. in oil
M"><} ti i: IIS*,
M«9 '.. "' "rt-"
CaO .V.'Kt .|:tN
SrO «-2« .1(7
B»0 ;; OS ^Hl|
Nai<> -'■•! .iNii
K,(t 289 .1117
H,0 at I10°C.. It:. .(u:
HO nbovo IIO'^C H
P:0 ;■_' in<i
91 .IKIfi
IW 15
SP- tJ>-
2»tn
I'll '•ll^-lllill,.,l ll,,l„l j,.
Orthocliisp
Albite ". , 26-l.'l
Nephelitc '.. in"
Anorthite t.-jr,
Diopside ". 3<) I'l-j
Olivinp ] i;i..i;.>
Ilmenite lIlTt
Magnetit.' ," . .' I'i;;
Apiititp 2.,V,
Water l-Sii
' ■ • h:n
TO-:;i
2.'i;i— vol. ii— 2(1
300
hf:vMiiMy\i nt inr i\rf:RioK
2 QEORQE V, A 191?
Th*- iiitxlf iltiKiwnl mctli.iH) i* A\,\>r iniiit, 'v:
AlkiihiK- fi'liiapar i»mi|» irtlH^ I«-«-i . i.i a
l.abriulorit.. i,
ni.'.t.- :...■■..■. ^i
Mdirt,..t,t, 7!|
Alialil* '■;
'/iidiin ■ .'. ,■■ .V .7 _'' .■_' " ■■ _■■ ■■ ■; ■■ ■■ '^
loeo
(Sp«MHc «,,.v,tv ,h|. .i!„.,.,l |,„M, „„.U. .'MO. ,1 h ,,g,,>.,„K »ith „I,„,|V.<1
A(v„riliiiK tn III.. X..riii i|„«.it!.i,ii,,ii th.. r..ck cnleis tl,,- s..,li,„,tii.sic »iib-
.•m.K, k.nlall..,,...,.. .,f ih.. alkuli.ul, i,. n.iifr, .■anipt..ua(..-. in th« salfemaiie
■Tdor, (.'alliir.-; l.uf -• ,> nix, v.r\ i1„m. i,, the vHli|K.fH->i,. snl.nm,' «h,„li,mn^..
-t tho dkiilM'..!,! ,ir, n..,ln.... in tl.r .lo-alunc „nl<r. (r.rn.i.n.ir... A<v.,nlinj^
To the. ..Idor (•liisMiMiiti..n the ro, k i, .Ai.lfntly a lv|.ir„l (ha,i,.; aimit.-l.ii.titf
iii"nz'>nite.
l,AMCIMI'IHIIIi ItlhKS AM> SlI.I.S.
In the S.lkirk n,..m.U.in -y-ion, ninny of tlic fonnatinns oMrr than th.-
h.-.iand v..I..unic8 are .ut hy lamprophyri.' dik.'s and thin mIIs whi.O. an-
-otn.timM V. ry abundant. Hoth sill, ai.d dikes are p.-n.rallv hiKhlv inHined
api.ron.'h.nK th,. vertical, and ar,. h-nlios „f .piite m.-leraU- ,i/..; wi.JthH <.f ..ith.r
'Ilk.., ,.r «ill8 are xldoni as inin-h a- l'O fct an.l avrrntre onlv a few feet 'Ih.-
larMcr number ..f the-e ditT.n i!t inn produets are .ninette^ ! ;t there are aKo
representatives ,rf the keisantit.-*. .■mnpt..nit.-.. „,„, ,„linit..,, Th- dike, arr
specially .mn.-.roi.s i„ the IVn.l D'Oreille s..hi,t,. .puirt.ite., and lin...-t..ne.
where these rooks erop „iit in th.. ,any..n of th,. I'.n.l ICOreiMe riv,.r ] .,n
the west si.le of the C.lnn.bia. Oth.-rs ,.nt the large inasM., „f I'.-n.l D'Orrill.-
marl.le. the \\olf grit. Ir. n.. .•on^..|..>n.rat<.. an.l ,h,ubtl..*.s other member* „f tl...
^unimil .„.n..s. StlM „th..r, tra.n.et the .liffer,.nt belt. „f ro,.k in the Prie-t
Ttiver terrane.
The minett,-. a- the nwst abun.iant la,npr..phyr,.s in the r,.Kion hav.-
mentt^ most fttf-mion. ()„ a<«nii,t ,.f their tin,- grain and d,.gre,. .,f alt..r-
atiou their diag>,o,is .ner,.ly through ,ni,.ro,c.,pie ,tn.|y was not to be entir,.lv
trust^^i. lor that r.a-on us w.-ll a* on aeeount of their i.itrinsie int-T.-st a
number of .luinnal analyses have be,.n made of th. niiii,.Ites. With the help
ot th,. analysos an.l rath.T numerous thin seelioiw the eoneluMon was reached
that four 'liff,r,.nt ty,,.i< of minett,. oe.-ur more or less almndantlv in the
Uoun.tary b,]t. The tyiH^s ar.> angite miii,.tte, mi,-a minett.. tbiotite'the onlv
lemie es^ontial). aumte-olivine min.tt,., an<l hornbl,.nd,-nugit». minett.-.
Por,,)njnlir Min, Min.lfr.-T\w type whi,.}. for .li.tin..tion mav be eall..!
miM nuiiette was toun.l in the form of a three dik,.s .-ntting th,. I'end D'Oreill.-
series near the railn.ad bridge over the Pen.l I)-Or,.ill,. riv..r. The ,lik,.s run
'<! I'tii/l lit nil I Hill i>;
Hum, Ml K
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 29.
307
'rum three ti
ix lift ill ui.lth ,in<l
'>[^\ ihoiinh tjiiv ,irp II
iiiiiK-ite i» II .lurk
|.licii<,cr>>m ,,f |,i,,ti(,
till
► «<MlHtl'i| uifl
Bruy, tiiiciiriiiii.-.l. hit'lilv
''^'."" '" '"• '■ I— «'i thr...ii,l„„it ,.l' il,i.
lHI(?lll' lllllKltl'.
I'll..
up
on)Ni..ii li.v|ii.ti'mniri)li
.il.rinlfirilc; tin
turn.
r 'jrr>uiit>
iiiicwooiM r.M-k imitillv f\
iiif
♦ r-titiiil i|iinrfz which
.f 1
<irii'« nro iipiititc. tit..iiili
'!• iiiiTf ill iliuiiift»r. Thi
tiiii'ii
lowilllf
'|..|iti'.
nuiy hi
III
Broiiiiu-imn
rtliiK'lix...
witl
,11111' n- Ml th,,
nii'iiiry. The nit. rut
in.iifiiititc, wi
th
littl.'
lillh'
IV 111 tho tii.-t that
Hiigito minott.., frotii uhi.h tl
I'ni t.rii.lM,.t» ur> til,.
,t,..l
in 111! ..f tho .•.,ll...t
the p.vrdx.'iii'
ll'Ti- lll»-lM|t
11' r.i.'k ilitT.r- miiiiTiiIo)fi,Ml!v
Tl
liM^.iirHjf" thi' iihii ,,f ,.)
■-iMriiii, „-. i, nilli.r hinh.v iilt.n.i-
ic iiiii'ii niiii.ttp ri pn
I.I
ittl
<• <|iif-ti..n ihiit \m
ii'iiiH 111 iMiiiiv'.is III ih(
»'• tniici
• riifiiiii
111.
'ii'lition: ill ni
h iiiiKit.' .iinl ,,liv
ir i-RM^ hut there %r
niiy rii«i' fl
iu> w.-r.. (il.^iit frntii t!
.1 t)..
fm^ to
M>"«iti.. tTiivitv ,.i ii tvpi,.al
KV Wcl-i- p|.
'.-.•lit 111 hii
hilt
■•I'l.llii. II «»< f,.,i,|,| tl, |„. ./TlM)
IH fyii-k 111 it-i
ii.'cissnry niiioiiiit-.
<<lih Miii.lh
til
th..
.\ hi
Il'Or.ill
p*-.'!.--.. ilUkiitl. IllilK.ttl
pr.ipi.rti. Ill ..f th.. laiiiprnplijri.' inf
II
pif.iip lis .xpi^.,] „n |„,th .i.h
f"iiii<l
ruMvi's U'l
iiiif
I". int. iiloiiR tl,.. ,v.ilU „f ,j„. j.p,,,! ,,.,
.'"ll.-i-t.'(l
"lis, hi.w.vrr. tnk. tl fr
s of th.. (■
>r.ill,
null
III .lik.'s ill til,. |',.,i,l
ill riv. r II
tui lit
111 :l lill-l'.M.t .lik
n'iy..n. Th.. f"r.-li.-f vp,
iMrii.-tit.rous iiiicii ...Jii^t ill U,.|t h ,,(• ,1,,. I
.f tl
<\gp t
111 iirl
K.V.K. fr
't I{
.•iittiiit' l.i..tit.->piiiml„| iiiiil
iMT t.-rriiii.. (Ill t'ii.
Tl
1.. r..,k
,v v.rtuiil nil, I -trik.
till- iM'iik of Nnrtli Siiir
.hirk
ii..rth
lii«triiii« phi
Kr....iii-li t.i shit..(fr
.1
III th
.(■
until.
.1
111 tlull. iili
rny aii.l i< purphyriti
r.i\VM hi.iiit.. iiicuaiiriiiR :, |„",„. ,
Ill'.Ulltlllll.
with
iiMjiite iirp -II II t,i 1
Tpliii- prisiiw i)f
|in-iii« nuiKc t>i
•c y.'t iiiiirc iih
nrK
iiiiilii
li: II.
li:iil. to 1.
I.h
iliiMTysts thiiii t!
• otisiueii-
icrox tli«'
iiirlfss, diopKi.lio
If inii'ii.
prniiu,! hMiiili.iiii.irph
■r more in length. The Kroiin.l-
I'l.tit.. .•rv<ti,K with iil„i,„h,„t ortho..hi-,
io-t.'riiinihir :i(rjrre«ate of
The
nin..is
iMiinit.. niitriti> am)
ineriiK ["'ikilitii-al
f'rtnl lictwecn the t'cld
vhat k
I loped, hut. f
aoIiiii/e<l. while i-lijori
Apiitit... iiiapii.tili
pnrsi, are the i.riniary
■e. Th.- last ..ftni cn.l.iM.^ the fenii
little .(uartz. whi.'li
1 H int.r-
lope<l. liiit. t.ir rt Iiiiii.tte, th
Nfr. (■.iiin..r"-! iiniily-.i- ni the *;
i-piil.itf
aiTcsiiries. Th.. ..rtho.-las..
.•al-
h,
indfl
\* rock must ho rcpnrde.l as .iMiHu.iIIy frcsl:
-p. .■nil. 'II
(Xf
fiom rcsult...| na follows:
.1 nnl
nJiistx of nii'iilc minrit,
.SiO.. ,
TiO..
A1,0 .
Fe.,0,.
7eO..
MnO.
-<kO.
CaO. .
SrO. .
BaO..
5.1-32
■90
Itlti
j.ftS
.10
712
Mol.
■%f»
•Oil
139
.fll3
.(171
.llfti
•1W
•127
•oni
.*«Ei'5f:^v
308
rl
i>h:r\i;/Mi:\T of iin: istekior
2 GEORGE V. A 19ir'
AiKilii^in of aitfiil, ,1 ;ii/', - '■. i-tir, : '.1.
iNa.O
K,0
HO at 110°C.. .
IT.O above 110°C
I'.O.
Sp. gr
Tlic PHliMiliited iiiirni
j-sn
lit
lOrti.)
2sni
Orthoclnse..
Albite
Anorthitc. ,
DiopafSe.. .
Olivine.. ..
Ilypersthpiu',
Maifnetite..
llmenite.. ..
Apatite
Water
•aio
.n.->i
■m
28»;
*i>(t
IMS
s.»:
7- 18
302
1-67
I'OO
1-50
100-20
■!<• siibriiim-. II •■'.
'nlrr. niTiiiiin;!!'.
Ill till' .\..riii ilHssiHcatii.M tin- rook oiiter.-i tlio soili|„)tii
zonoso, of tlie ilnnialknlic rany. inoiizoiia-<. in tlio dosiilan,.
ifonthlendr-a,„jilc Min,'lb:—\ ...imewl.at allio.1 tvpo of ii inott,' ,1,-
tinginsl.ed, however, b.v a notable ami essential proportion of iiombleiHle an,
the phenoer.vsts, oc.nirs as a tea-foot .like oul.Toppinfr on the western bank , •
the ( olumbia river, a few hundred feet south of the Boimdarv lin,' Tbo,,..:
oecurring just beyond tlie limit of the Selkirk system this dike mav iK>-i 1
dfticnbed here. Itb relations are shown in Figure 2.'!. Huge dike-like mas-e. .
nn uncrushed, ,fresh J)iotite-liornl,lende trranite porphvrv eiit tlio inten-.lv
crumple,! Peml IVOreille ph.vllites ami one of the porphyry masses i- itself .•iit i.v
the dike in question, whi.-h is ten feet wide and strikes N. 10' F uith •! dip . •
about T.V^ to the eastward. It truneates a ^even iii.-h dike of aiiyilo "nnnet!.
cutting the phyllite. as sluiHn in the tiKiiri'.
The dike of hornblonde-auirite miiiette shows a very marked cbillinfr al
both walls. Its main mass is composed of a dark greenish-grav to dark i-l
Ki-ay, hne-grained rock, maeroscopioally showing occasional pbeno.rvsij,. u,\h ■
biotite np to -2 mm. in diameter and many minute prisms of aiiKitc and ur., •
hornblende varying from 0.5 mm. or le^s to 1 mm. in length. Tlic-e tin,
Icnuc minerals arc embed.le.l in a v.rv tine -grained paste of doubtless sodifer.-:-
orthoclase and oligochise (in about e.|ual proportions) aeeompanied bv abundai.t
titanite, apatite, interstitial quartz, and a small amount of ihnenite as tlie i -
eories. The rock is somewhat weathered, with ealcit.., .pi.irtz. kaolin ebl..ni,
and epidote as the secondary proibiets. The hornblend,. and aiigite are pres.,,,
m nearly equal amounts and each rivals the biotite in abundance. The -peciH,.
jrravity of this phase is 2 740.
HI four or nil. i mi y \si i;,,\omi:r
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
309
..n. t«.. Iik,.s,,l „„,„.|,,., „,st „,„il, ..I l!,„„„|,,rv lin.. ..,, tl,P .Tiur- ..f
' "luniliKi limi. iM I I
'^wi
^ms^^S^y
.■JMk_-i^ *-
■d£^^'-
i^":.!
310 nFPM{r.\tr\T or rni: istkhior
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
propoSo,^ -!. ■'"'• ^'^ ''"■'"'"" """'■^■^'^ '^•''-■''•-l -^'r. CoMn.T ,l,o follow,,,.
Anahjsis of hornhlende-au^Ue minelt.'.
SiO,.. . M-!-
Tio; 53-68 .895
AI,0.. .. -90 -Oil
Fp,0,.. .. 16S.'> .166
FeO.. .. IviS .008
MiiO 5o.3 -076
M({(l -11 .001
CaO.. .. ^TO -m-i
SrO 6.|)H .109
BaO -19 -001
Na,0 38 .003
K,0 40:{ .065
HjO Ht ilO=C.. •■32 -0*6
H,0 above IIO-C. . •"*
PjO .... 1-8.-.
Ift) -lio:
lOOOO
'^ 2-72.3
The calculate*! norm is:—
Orthoclase
Albite 2.J-58
Nephelite '. ". ".. .32-49
Anorthite '..".. •S>5
I'iopside "..".. I''20
Olivine , x-17
llmenite 9-2!t
Magnetite 1-67
Apatite 1-86
Water 2-17
19.)
According to the Norm cla^sitication the r.,ok e,itor. .1,, - i- ^ *"'•
rang, n^onzonoso, of the domalkalic rang ,Lnzo„a e i ' '.'^ =.Hjipota,s.,o su.,-
germanare. The analysis doubtless re, re «ur. knlT; *^'.^ ^^^^^ ""« ord.-r.
unchilled part of the dike, in which hrbSetror: "ZIZT " ''*' '"^"''
kirks, and one mile north of the DewdLv r.i, % "'*'° '"^'"'?i' "^ *^« S^'"
by the long east-west grani f S tow. on tf '''^"' '''"^^ '° ^ '="' °*^
^^.
RKPOliT or Till. VlllKF Af<TRUSO.\lElf
311
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
The phenocrysts are pale ffreen au^'ito (up to 15 mm. in length), a tVu-
biotito foils, up to 1 mm. in diameter, and abundant round masses of serpentine,
almost certainly derived from olivine. The latter nu a.^ure 1 to 2 mm. in
diameter. The ground-mass i< composed of a multitude of idiomorphic deei.
brown biotites and a few microlites of orthoelase embedded in colourles- irla--.
The rock (specimen Xo. S.'iii) is relatively fresh but chlorite and calci.. nr.-
secomlary constituents, like th<- serpentine. It has the co nposition of an
olivine-aufiite irinctte. as shown by Mr. Connor'- analv-is:-
.SiO,..
TiO...
A1,0,.
Fe,0,.
FeO..
MnO. .
MkO..
CaO.,
SrO.
BaO. .
Na„0.
K,0.
Anali/sis of oUv-inc-aiijUe vuin'fli\
H,() at IIO-C, ..
H,0 above UO^l'.
P.O
CO
Sp. gr.
■3^
•81
•5fi
•87
■2fi
•1.3
■u:
•w
■().'.
■ji
"1
(C
IT
»i:t
'78
M
100-7C
2-771
M..I.
•806
■010
•134
•012
•07:i
•001
•227
■ m
1)01
•02!'
•O.Vi
•006
The I'alriilated
nurni i-: —
Drthoclas.... ..
Albite
Nephelite
Anorthite
Uiopside
Olivine
Ilmenite
Magnetite.. ,.
Apatite
Water and COj.
8-91
.■J-41
12-.51
21.7.i
I.i-7tj
I.i2
27X
l-8*i
t;-2i
100.,>J
Accordin)? to the Norm classification the rock enter, the dup(ita>sie subrang,
prowersose, of the dunialka! ,• ranp, kilauase, in the salfemane onbT, gallaro;
it is, however, near the fodipota?sii^ .-^uliraufr, lamaro-e, ..f th(> same rang.
Comparison of the Mincltes with the ^ orld Areratie. — In Table XVIII.
the three niinette analyses are entered and. as well, their mean and the average
of ten analyses recorded for the world in Osann's compilation.
m
'nK!
3ia
/'a;/m/.'/i//.\/ ,„ uii: iMiitnm
Tabi.k XVIII.
2 GEORGE V. A. 1912
1 2.
Aiitfite iijiM HoriiW.nclH
fttp (No. •Nxi) "'K'ti' nun. itf
(Nm. 4!t3).
3
Klhiii.' iiii(fii,. !
iiiin<'ttf< 1
(X.:
SiO.. ..
Tio; .
Ke/J .
hWl .
MnO...
Mgt)
c»o
.Sr«»
BaO
Na.O
K.,() . .
h;<)-
II ()
I' ()
CO, '
"I"
Wi
H ii;
2 15
.'i tw
III
7 \m
7 12
12
2 3H
4 80
20
1 24
fit;
ii» 2:.
•Vt tw
no
ii; K!i
I 2x
11
3 7«
Ii IIK
10
3H
4 113
4 .12
10
I S5
1 0.-.
HIO 110
4N :•;)
■Kl
12 56
187
5 2i!
13
!l 07
K !t4
115
24
1 81
« 67
"17
2 63
78
2 64
100 76
Mran iif
1, 2 anil 3.
M
78
■87
U 54
1 77
.". 2!(
11
6 8tl
7 .(5
"7
25
2 74
t tiO
44 I
1 111 I
8.3
■88
Iim ;(•_>
6
'•riiK • nun
"ttc.
4!t
4'i
1
23
11
41
3
3!l
"1
01
13
8
26
6
73
■»
."i4
4
liO
2 43
I 12
61
Inn no
"-...rnl„«i,.nlly transitional to tin, ^r: „ 'r Th 'T Tr",^* """ =^'-^'
^'...i^. ..,i.,..,t,. (xo. 40.) ^.^e...:,r;:;'::ij:;:::i:;;o:i;';;:"'"-''-
L..t'::^;'si;;S':rS^':l^L^:;;i ■'■"'•""'■ i'--'-- --- ^^
rot \vi<j(
'•'■op ■•lit ui, tli(< .;u
P.'iid D'O
I'l'trofrraphically, they
iiimit ,,f the tu\jh> ,|i
the;
•0111
roiii
e. each ahont fd
ivfT. All of thorn
are similar to other liik
vuliiisr tJif waters of th.
le two
iMleroseopic liiaHiio-is of these 1;
lire altered in varv
(fi
tlio
'iir feet wide) ,.f t
se eiu'ouiitered
le two dike
iipr.iph.i
res is .iiffieidt. For th
occurring alonff tl
inp depree. so tliat tl
in til.
analysis
s ciittiii<r the 1
iii*t(>reiu travers<.
lis reason, one
iiiiestoi c, the freshest of all
neon
cte.d for ehemii
The ro.k is a dark. ffnvriish-L'r
I idently hi"!
:1V.
ly mica, ■eons. I'lider tl
panidioirorphic apyrefrate of 1
tiiie-
ile iiiicro-i
■trained, non-porphyriti
trap
platj-ioda-e. A little orthodas
rown hiotite an.l a
pe It is >(<■!! to he essentiallv
o is almost certainly present. :^ra
imperfectly twinned
ffnetite an.
v'i.-l
i.'i i-oiri i,r nil nin r t.^i i.;,\,,\ii if
313
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
.•.patiteareac.v..,„..v. (^u,ri,/. k,,..!!,,. ,|,l,„ i,.. .,,.1 ..,„.,.;, IK .,1 ■, • ,
•v-;^:'::-i:;'::r;./:.:r:r;r;:,!::;—
™a,es of,.. pia.i,„.,. ,...,., „,,.„ ,;...,,' ^h: ;;,:':; .:S,:'':-:
:S :° •„ ''z ih^ts ""'T'' ' r-' ""• "'■■•' ^'' '■■■•■■'
'.'-out «i,l, inl, f, i n , h ':""'""■'■•". •"•, '>^-« "■ 'l-"""T, aro wn ..|
^.f- .,i.,,.:i !..:;^x:i:;,^ - 1;!:;;:-':;2;7:;:- :. ':;;;;:'":;!^""- "-
-oopi,' ('vii eiico i< II, if ,l,„ ; ;. • .i '.M" ~ '" rci. k... i j,,, nii.i-.,.
..» M.,„.» .* :.;,:';;.;:;;i :;:,;:;yr-'.::;;M^:L:'::r„;:: ;i'"" ,
Pkv.i,«r;,„l,i, tr.r vt' ■ "';■•,".""' ':'": Il.,.,,,l„„.l,-, Mik„„k ,,„
..r.„;B::,;";;:,.„:';; r. ; yzz '7:;,f;r;.'-, ■"':-, >""■•".'" ■ ■■
i"i;;;;:r:r::n~;;-^t;r' :i : if)vf ::i: ;;^
.hinhiyis of l-pr.'i.iN /:>,'.
SiO
Tio: " •
■MA •; •■
I 'c„0 . .
Feb.. ..
MnO.. ■■ ■
mko-. .. ;: ;■ :
<-'*.0.. .
■■^i«».. ..
BaO..
NaO.. .. ■;
K..6 '■
11,1) at UOH'.'.
fl O al)OM. no r
I'b..
I'D...
ri2
■70
l.V6,i
l'-66
405
•10
t.'IO
s-.i<;
•10
•It
♦ ■10
Mill.
•TOO
(»;>
•lot
•017
•056
•001
■122
•l.W
•001
■00]
■ 0t2
■lill
•OOt
)!
10O'<«
SP^ Ki
2^740
•Cf. L V I'll-,:.,,,,. 20th Annual K.port, F.S. (_i..„!. Survv ,,.,.•( 3, Inw,,,.
.#%^5fe?;.'.e:
\-l\^^s^^
314
iii:rMinih:\i ui riii: imkihuu
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
I lii> iMli-iil:itc(l iiKi'ii; is: —
Ort.'ioclasp „
Albite 24.W
Neph..i,te :, ■.: :: :: ;: .•; ; ^\f.
Anorfhite ,fS»
M«Kii«-tit.' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.. I,;
■'patitp \l\
Wiitci- i.iid cu ■ ■ ■■ ■• ;; •• ^'"l
Htn.-.s
A.|„nlinK I., il„. Norm (•lassiti.ati..n the rock enters the soaipotussie sub-
rang, slio^lu.iinse, of the iilkiili(>alfi<! raiip-, andaso. iti tlie dosalaiie onior. t'cr-
manarc. Cheniically it is nearer iniiiptto tliaii a t,vpi''al ker-antite, but, bv
the older ela:*-itieiitioM, llic eliaraetor of the fehksiwir [ihiees the roek in the
T<er9aiitites.
Camiilouih: A)u\y one (.eeurrence nf eamptonlte i- known as a roi5ii]t
of field study in tiie Houiichiry belt across tho Solkirks. This rock, whi.li
miorc-copic study sliows to confonn well witli tlie typ.- naniptonite, fomi.s n
wide but v.Ty poorly exposiHl dike cutllnsr the Pond D'Orcille phvllitc on the
south side of the IVn.l D'Orcille river about 1.1MK1 yards ,,i>t of WanetJi.
0,li„if.-.-~\ linlf mile farther up the river and on the -a bank, tho phyl-
hte 1- .■nt by a six-incli dike of a rock whb-h appears to ropresent another
occnn.n.c ot tyj.ical odii.ite as d. scrib. d by K<,scnbn.sch in bis bst e.lition
of Uie Mikroskopis,die Physloffraphie <ler :Ma^iuPn Gestcine. This iamprophyro
IS a dark frreinish-gray, compact rock witii conspicuous thonfrii small phenoorysts
of augite and others of labradorito. The microscope shows those to be embedded
in a mic.rocrystalliiie Rround-mass composed (vssontially of very manv minut,
prisnns of hombh'mli'. feldspar niicrolites, and less abundant granules of
A detailed description of this one (bin dike, t'loufrh composed of a ■•el
rare species of himpn
■|>liyrc. Is -cai'eely wnrran
t(xl
autrit. ,
ativelv
in the
pri'sent report.
.\i't.iTic AM) Acid .\i'opiiys,\i, Dikk.s.
Practi.-ally all of the Hranith- l»,dies in the Selkirks where crossed by t.b.
Boundary lelt have -cnt tongn.s or aiiophyscs into their respective conntrv-
rocks. Those .likes show the familiar variation from quartz-feldspar aplitis
to the a.schistic pon>li.vries coriesp-nidiuK to the different tvpes of pliitonics
Otlier sills and dikes occur at distances too great to Ih^ rcgnrded as necessarily
npophyscji from any visible .stock or batholith. and in some ea.ses it is ii,,t
possible to determine whether these detached acid eruptives represent distinct
periods of eruption. Xonc of the bodies seems to demand speci;il doccription
One of the ..ikes is cnt by augite minette an<l by the analvzcd hornblen.le-
ang.te minette which o.vur on the western bank of the roluinl)ia river about
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
in I'tnti III nil I nil I {.-ii;i,\nMi n
310
TlK-
t,v|.ii'iil l,i,,fiti>
.too vard^ .outi, „f xhc n.und.ry ~h„l,. . „.. :.,.M ,„k.. ,- ;. ,v,.,..,l
grmt , ,k..s of smnlar matcnal o„tor.>ppi„. ,.t ]„,, ,^,„„ ;„ „,, i,,^,^^-,,^ , '
nv..r ..ham,... I l.oy „u,v l,e aoi,! apopl.y-.- f, ,1,.. ..x„.„.,i..> Trail l,n,l ,] ,
owanl wluoi, they .fiko; thoy an, Innv,..-,-, ,„.,..,1 1,..,... 1,.., H„Mr
to the yoMn«..r .,.in,.ft... i. v.-ry ,.I..ar. ( S.v Ki«-u.v 'J^^ )
A whit.- aplifi,. ,ill cutting' th,> I'.Mi.l I >•(),■.. ill,, plivliiti,. ,,.1,; , „„ .1,,. ,; ,1 ,
ank . ,po ^f ,h. South Fork „f ,1. Saln,o„. ,„ ." o! S ,v"w ,' £
ure of the rx-k Tt h -l,;rhtly porphyriti. with phon.H-rv.sU of q„art? in.I
=od.f.ro,H or,h,„.las... T ,. pn„„„l-n,a.. i, partly ,ho ,.,„„,no,. pani 1 on orpl '
ngRn-Kato of ,nart.: an,I .lUalin.. tVM.par („n„.h s,.ri,.i,ix..,i . I,„l ..on," .
qu..e n„n,oro,,s, .,„all sph.T,„i,.. „f .Ikali,,,. hiUpar whi-h 1- do l ,, i,
rosette. A tew «ain. „f ,„a.„.Mifo n,.nMe,.t tho o,dv oth.r o ,„ , . „
Iho rolat.on. „f ,h,. .,11 ,o ,he ,,,1,.. .ranin.. .-...k. „f tho ran.,- an- u, k . wn
Dim. i*ii\-ks .h- tiii: U
-AM) Ukuki! MoI MVIv Voi.rAVIr*.
The ,
natii rally.
..r,-a ...n oldor than M„. 1!,„-Iand ami IVav.r Mo„„tai,. lava, aro.
'■"' ''•'; '''^f ^^■''"■'' "i'li'-iit- v..„t. for tho lava, or th,. filli.Hrs „f
fi^uros eonn„te,l w.th th„... vont. A f..v of tho.o dike, have he,.,. , ,,
(x^ah ,0., where ero.,o„ ha. -trippe.l away ti,o vnl,.,,,;,. p„v.r and .o,„o o ,..
have heen „„ero,.c.opioally .xa.nin.l. A,no„,. these. f„„r ..p," „,a 1 ■ 1 o
b nt ,t .houhl he „„der.t,.o,l that tho li.t ,loe. „„t exhaust the difT,...;,, var ,t
■of the <likes pei.etieally eon.ie.^tod with the volea.ii,'.
^yai"u *""' ''^'''"' 1'"^° ^'"' °'' •'^''^PI'^J granite inapp<.l on the Pen,!
0,^1. .■kr"7' ""\^''-.'^ "■•- ♦-•«— 1 ''.V a tifty.foot. nearly vertical, .orth
'Z . I>"rpl'.vr.t.e rnonzontte. The phenoeryst., are stont pri.n.s of
ai.g.te up to s „„„. ,n ..„,th. The e.^ential. of tho hypidi,>,n„rphi, ." " dar
Rroi,ml-n,a.s are orthoela.e. miero, erthite. lnl,rad,.ri,e (Ah An) angite t"
SLsIi;:.!:!"""^'"" ""'^'^ -'■' '■'— --"'^ -I'-m m t.. ortho.
Ahont three-iuarter. of a mile nortii of 01,1 F ,rt Sheppar.l, where tlie
Tnounta,n-.pur projects thronph the terra.-o .an.ls and «ravel., to the Columhi..
Taver, here are larpe ont.rops of slaty ami -martzitio rook whhd, have heei
mappe,l as part of the Pend D'Oreille ^roup. The er„n„>le.] an,l ,na<he,I 'la to
IS here out by a .'.5-foot vertical dike of .lark-gray hornhl.nde-l.iMito n,onzonite
rtk.ng N HO E. (y,.,ble at low water). S,„no :!oo yard, .outh of the P„nn,larv
sla.h on the .=ame ..do of the nver and at th,. water's edffe. thro., .like, fr.un
en to th.rty-hve feet wtde ami of n,aero.,-opi,. app<.aran,x. sotm.what shnilar
to the monzonite were found to eon.i.t of l,ond,iend..-auf;ite eahhro In thi ■
t.vpe the feldspar is hasie lahra.lorito f Ah, An,), and alkaline feld.j.ar is entirely
absent; a few foil, of hiotite are a..oe^.ory. ^
'h
316
KlI'MriMt-M nt' IfU: IMt:Ulul{
FiHBlly. „ thr.e f.-.t. north ^.M,tl,. v.rti,.,
l«salt. .MittinK tf>€ IV.i.l IVOn.illo ,,!,vli;i.. „|,„
"f Twt'lvp-iiiilf .recli, may 1* n, ,(.■,!.
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
I liike of lii^Hily :iiii.vn,liil,,i,l,il
It riltv Minis w,.-t .,|- ,1,,, ,|,o„tli
HkHTIVK Ai;KS (IK
IMK Kpi ini; M..|)||;s.
The <ntir. lack <,f pal. ontologic.,1 evi-lenc,. .vithin the fn-niil.. 1 h , 1
Ku. .^. ,.„.t.ite „n,i Is t,.nt«,ivoK. ...1!;.., .Wrh'tll^^lUH ' i;'' T t
^e .nn.. «..,u.,..l .,e „. n.any of ,ho Ko.sland hn-a flow,. The p^c 5l por
!::-:h;;;:':f:;.n-,;::,^:';-:!---;';-^^
f' ■^^"^"•'^ ^'l^-* ^-'".ho postpoMod to the chapter dealing with the peoloJ
^. ti. Rossk.d mounta.ns. At tin's point it will |,e sufficient to ntiw'
la H s^„..on l,y tal.„l,,tin« the Sell<i,.k fo^.tions in their prol.S S
■,"-i-
rl#.^.;
Itifin/r ni III! t Hill i>///(>\(.i// /,'
317
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Saliiiiin Kutr iiiiinxoiiiti' niiick
Hivoiiii" Iwtholitli mill ii» ut«-llitii' !tiiick«. .
.Sli>-|i|*nl granite !.l(jck« anil tliki-
Ii«in|.i(i|ili\Tv», miiiettcK, k< rwinlit.-, mliiiit. »miI c^iin|,!,,i,|i,.
Ai'litic iliki..
Tr .111 (fninmlii. lilt- latliiilitli. ............
IV.iVHr MiMihtHtii Kiim|<
ki>»»IaiMl vilruiiic Kiimi,, witli iiiterlxici.il .•.•illiniiitV (in iiiiit)
M..iiz..iiit. , K. l.lii... iiMilliniviltic (l:ki-(iifiihi: l",ii,| ,ro..i!l.- Kriiii).
/'■•M t.u..„. ( M, .,...,
I nit /.,(,■„„.„ f fjir,,,.
Mt^it.lin I I'rfhmuiifi ' ,.
I M <»NH)H\M n.
Kykfii (fruniti- l«ili..litli.
I'l 11(1 d'Orcillf |ri<Hi|,.
■ ■ /Mtr Jiiritiitf
... ''■irl^,,nfrr„i,» < ,i„il „l,li-,- ■ ,.
Almorirtal li(.rnl.l.Mi.l. Krsi'it"- -ill tuitinK Kitclnni-r (in.iit/.i.- at i
Cum crefk '*»„;;/ <..i
ftaiiKirplKnwil Hiililin.Billxiinililik. « (iittinn I'lif-t Kun tirr.ini' I
Kitch.n.-rf,.ni.ati..n. »/,./,//. i „„./„■,„„ ,.
Sm„n,it.mi- ,.„,„,„., ,./,,,,, ,
l'.\(ii.\FHi!Min.
lVif»t Kivtr 'I'.i i;ini-
Vrr i'-imKrt'i'> .»,.•/ /,>■' Jlrlfi.i
^StkP
\'.W\: ^^
1^
•4l**,^4L.-J(il:-
2 GEORGL V,
SESSIONAL PAPER Nc 25*
A '912
CHAPTER XIII.
HHtMAI l(»\S UV IIIK UdSSI.AMi \H H .\ I A I N liljori'
It will U'
r.'ii(f>-. till' ]{i
'I III;
III.
Imiitir
III ilii
nollK'lll'llltllK'
.f tl
II' Illolllllillll
I iiii'iintiiin ur.iii|, wlim' iti--*'!! h.v lli.. icii-iiiili' Hiiiiii^liirv
Helt. is b..iiii.l.(l on tlic Pii»t h.v th.' S.-lkiik Viillcv (I'uhiinl
ust l).v till' iiiericlii'iiiil
iiii'.liia rivrr> uiiil
till
iivi-r. Oil till'
I'lipinl li\ ( liri-tiii
'I III!
I MT Uritio
I'ii-t till Innimtiiin- nt tl
Kii'^-'hiiiil iiiiiiiiiliiiii Kr'iiip ill ^I'MT^il
I"-''" - •xt.-iiil iivir into the Srlkirk -v -li'ii.. Of tin-.' tln' I'cinl D'Oreilli-
-I nes liHs Hlrciidy lieoii ili-siTilicil. ii- will u- n Imv cf tlir ilikr-. .'iiltiiiur that -. rii's
ng till' wc-lcrii liiiiik of tin- Coliiiiil.ia riviT. Tlu' Tmil l.ntlioliili. Shrppiiril
uniiuti'
Ko-l
Mil
Ml
lllltlllll VI
I'c'iilmr poipiiM'itii
ml
'livii
•iiiiii' tji-uiip-. mill
lioilii- of a
u' •ivt'iiiti' nri- ri'pri'-iiitiil on |,otli -iili-s of thf Colini 1.
Wll
l.c ile-cril.iil ill till' pre-iiit ilniptrr. Tl
tiTii topoirnipliii' limit of
11- IJo-limil iiioiiiitiiiii Kroiip i- iil-o. «itliin tlir liinit-" ol tlio Moiin.liirv lu'lt. a
eiin-i'ut mill ii.iiMiiifii* liiic of ilivi^inii ln't«(M'ii llu- polo
H
oHiriil fi.riiiiuioii
jf
08>liini| mill .Mii1huJ-( liristina >iioimtiiin Knnipi. ( Stv .Miip< N'o. "^ iiml!'.)
From till- ('ohinil)iii to «'liri>liiia laki- iuiipoii»-roi'k f
very greii .'>i'fiiinciiliii\ loi'k? appmr miU
Kvays inui. . deformcil iiiiil inetainorpl
pill
1.1 licviiit; tliat tlit-o rocks arc i-liii'th if iioi altoj .'tin r lute I
I''.l('o/.oio ill ajre, fiwiiU aro aliiio-t a-
oniiatioii- iluiiiitiatf
ill fiiiall pati-lii'i. .mil un- nearly
i'lioiipli tlurc arc pooil roa-o|i- I'or
oil' or p"-l-
rare a- tlii'\ arc in
Kocky .Mountain < ;f<isynclinal. Tlir writer lias licn alil
the f.
jniatioii-;
if till
tratiKTiipliii' infi.riiiatioii Mciircil l.y McC '
I'll. 1!
rk
il<I lint little to tW
ml nllicr- will) liavt
lie stnilies in the region. However, the iiiti rpretat imi (liveii the few -^eattprcil
tacts in hanil ditTcrs somewhat froiii that ailoptiil hy tin
1 he ,|,-.Til
The olilor «eilinicntary forinatioii'.
Iic-iile- the .'.nnill area of the I'einl D'Or
tir-t.
Tl
lev iiii'liifle
-latv'-'. phvllites. (piartzite, ami liiiie-
-tone near the Coliiinhia, a Miiall patch of oh^ciirely fws-iliferous liu:cstn
linc»toiie ocenrring
I lated with chert in Little Sheep cre^-k valley: fo'-iliferoiN 1
with tlie older traps north of Uos^laml: an intiii-ely deformed sericc of ji
-tones, quartzite.s. and schists sectioned li,\ the railwjy line east of Cliristii
lake and named, for loiivenieiiee, the Sntin
-mall outcrops of old-lookinp quart/
with the Kossland volcanics.
.1 -I'hi-t,,
omplc.x; ami
ir!.'illitii' roi'ks iiitimateK
as-
tew
attnl
if M
\ very limited e.vposure of fo.s>iliferon- ( plaiit-liearln^') arpillito. pruhably
esozoic aRC, will then he descrihed. Tl
•onjilomerati - and s.ind-toiicn w
this part of the lioundary holt are
from very imperfect fossil evidence. >i em to he of early T
atfe; these beiN form four small i)atclii- at or near the I
le voii;iKO>t .sidiiijcntaries ohservei
ihii'h.
ertiary or mid-Teriiary
'"iiiidary line.
31f»
mv-jt
aao
i>ii-\in\ii\i „i nil iMiiaui,-
\Ui iifi,,..,ii, r,,riniiii,.ri- t,. I,., ir, ,„,.,
iitm uroiip ,t «„. uiider-i I iIkh i1„. (;^,.i .: Z H""-!..!!.! rn,.Mi,
. d..,.,l...| „...|,v of ,1... K.,-,1, .. ' " 1 1 "" : [ '""t' ""- '''""■"■"^■
-r^ • I..M.. iM ,1.,. r...,„M ,.,!,:; ,"": -^ ""*'•>■ -'> I'-i'
'ion. com ; 1,...,.. i,i . i hi :;:;;;■ '•■"";••-•'"" - ^ .,t ,i,.. h..i,i r-i.
lo tliis i„iri ..I t|„. |l,„i,,.|i,rv Im-Ii
lilhcl in 111.' I'liiil .<|„.,.i HIT,. f,,||
chn[(t.
'"'"-"""> ■•'■iii|.li.-.it,-,l ln...Mit.iin
N'ciirK
n..M|
-•- «•'-" '■■ n. ,....,;:; ;:';:::,;;::!:;;.. ''"^ •'"• -^ "'■• .—
*•''':'' ''■•;<>• I .niu,,,!,!,. U,,{vy,.ir
t M<>('..iinrir. i-,,nhi.'N. as |iii|,
ro
M lllH (irolnirv ,,(■ till
I'MtoZiill ji.tlM , ||(1N«.
^'arl'iiiiifiious Hills
I.-.- SLeop .... va,,..;;i;::\i';::;::,;:';7- ,,/■-•'•• '--;. H. „:
on III,. ,vpst si.U. of the .^,.1. tl,..r. ; , , i , li,.iin.lur.v I,,,,.,,,,.
-i.l- l.,v „li„vin,n. -n,.. n.; ,n, i '') 7 '"" "' ' " -"•r..„n,lo.| on „:
bre.,.;,.,,.,, ,.,„i ,,i„,,, . ; ,1 " : :i^z'7 ': "'';'" "''^'"^ "■"' '* '■-■'•
quart. v,.ins. Th,. altit,',,! h "'"-"■'*' ""' '"""''^ '^'"'«« •*"'! 'n.'
from N. r..V K. to \ K iv 1 '' " "'''"""■■ "'"""'••' ^"•"^'- '""-"■"^
Tho lln,^^to,le .■, ,.,..ii,V ,„ "", ''"^''"■'" "'"^'"'■'^ 'Hp "f al.ont (W
grentl.v ,i..form,.,l. with av, n.^o .trik. y"';,.?";'^""- l'^ ;.•''"'■'>■ ;i"".>'^"" «!>■
unc,nf„rmal.lv o .r IK ' ' ""', '""""■'■" '''"- "^ ^'"- -'"">■. «(.. r.. i, ;.
and Hu-it as that ju- X il , 1 T , '" ""'""''^ fossiliferou. li.negton..
•■o."P<.:ition of th.> l,re....ia and frotn .ho ;. aH^^U :' t^^^. \i ^:^^\
spread. ♦-iind.itiMn .m whirl, tl„. v..l.ani.' ,na- »
Durinir his niappinir of iht- Tnil l,.«.. \t ^' n / i •
bi i»-. wiu.eaves ,„ ,h. c.ar.H.iif,..,,,.. „ ,„„h, ,,„„ .;„„,,,.„ .,,■,;;.;;;';:•
nt.voiii itf I in iinn \si ,,\uvn: ggi
SESSIONAL PAPtR No 25*
.■orn.lHt,. tUr ln,...t,.,... i„ ,,|,„ , „„h .;. |„„. .,,.,„ ,u.^„„.„t. ,. ,i„. I.,..,.,,
•■" '"'li -1.1.' ..i tl,.. u,ll,A, .,„i .1,.. < r>,H.ti„.,. i,„.|,„||Mu. tl„. :„„..., , ,„„|
.|..'ll. !«. lllltlllH. ly |.||lr,,| ii, tl', I ,lH ,.riif. !,,|,, .,..,,
''"'■'"""■'■'■'"'; /."". W ,„ fi. i:...,l.„ul M,n „„ ran,, In 1-.U-. Itr.,.-..
.Im..,,v, ,-.l ,„ a i,, ,,..-,,„., |„,,„l i„l, rl.,.|,i,,| wi,;, .,,„l,.l,,.- ;:„.,„-„,. ,, ,\.
».K. IMM,,.. f.Mir mil,-. „.,rtl, . f ,1,.. !;,,, ,„. „,i,,, ,.1 ,„,,|i, ,.,.r,;,i„ |,.-,1- . „.|.
haw l„-,.r, r.'f.rr...! i,, (•,nl....,if.T..:i. ^i i,.v
Sullnrhml .Vr/M.,/0,, '■„„,,/,. r. -A uru„v ,■( n,..t.M,..r,.hi,- rr„-k.. .m....,!
.1. Ill,- nnlvvii.v .■iitlmf, I ,.|w.., „ C,,-,..,,!,. „..,l < ..,n,!1 .tniP'i,- w. ,,■ -, , ,
''"'""« '•"• ■■" "'■ I""-' Althon,!, ,„.,„.U , ,w.l. u.„ ,,„.,„■ „. ,1„ ,.,,„„
the r,-.,lt. . f ||„. .tn,..t,iri,l -tiniv -.v. r. ,n,-:.«r, Tl !.!,.,, n„.k- ..f ,1,.. .,..,,;, ,,
rcas.s, „r |,i,l,l, ,.,v-t:,il;m- .,l,i-t- ..f -.., „,:,rv „rl.,n With tl,.-. ■,,.'
a..o,.,„„.,| M„n,,v ,rr,..„l„r l„„„l. ,,• .n.i-i,.. ;,,,l.l.r,.i.| r.„.K. .„„! .„„,|„|.„li„ -
..ml ^li.nml 1 ..r.il.l..,,.!.. |.,.r,.lu rlt, v ;,ll „f wl,i,.l, r.-|>r. -nt .m-.mIv .,h,.r,..l |..,-l.:
'ninisn,-. 'Il„. „„.tan,ori,h,-«Ml ...,|i „tnr.v n.-k- ,,r. n,.u ,, ,„. -.„t. .l' U
UMrnctilrr.,,,- ...|,i-i, .,Ti,-it h'-,t ,.,■ plivllit,., I,p,f , i, .,,|.1,|,,,, „.|,,,, ,,.,,„,i,,,
I'M.titr -.-hi-t .111.1 iin,|.ili,-iii,-l,i,,tit,. .,.),!.. M„„iv,. ..,,.„ („.,,, ,j,,,',| j,^, ,,, ■ I,
.lii..rt.,t,- ,m,| „, |,M,t fun lurv |....l- •■( ulnl,. ,„ ji,-!,, ,.,,,> „„h,1,. 'r.. ,.a, r
I'V.I.U ,1 Willi tllC -rlli^l,.
Slrii.lu,„ll> 111, ,,,m|,|, s ,. ,l,:,r:„.f,-r;/. '1 l.v ntr,.,- ,-,,i,fa-|,,
I'imI.Iiiiil' piir ,-, ru.r iJaiu- , f -, liio,,. ty
til. Ill II f
i-i.r,' .,r iiiiiiilri'
V, .tl,. I
:i -tiM.lv atlil,|.),. f,,,- ,„,,,■,
n( f.-.-l l..^',.tll.T. Th,' v,.,.ti,„, i. 1,„..,,,.,1 i„ I, „„„,
of max , 11,11 .ii.i.Mti..,,. a /..,„■ i,.,« |,,l|,,w..| ]., tl.. .1,.,, tr,,:,i..|, ,,f d,,! ,,
Ink... iln. in„„..iK,. „li.,ali„„ .,( tli, «, f,.niiati,„, . ,- r„rtl„.r ,|.,. ,,, ,1„ ;„,,,.
^...M ..f ,n„m.r...w hnu. l,...Ii,. , { m.-M „.,] I,a-|. :. ,„ ,.„.u. i„.,|,„|,„. ,:„;,.„.
~"'''"r "'"' '' '■'■'"'^•''- - «' '1 ^"< 'i- :-■!■. .1 • ^..y, !1 .^,„it.■ I.al = „,li,l,
\.. tra ,,r a f,.-,l wa. f, „.a| ,„ ,h, -. ,|;„„ ,„a,„ - ami it i- Mill im,,o-
«.l.lo t.. .....r.lat- flan, ui,l, 1,„,,„ l,.,i...... Tl„. ,, :a,-t,i,.- a,i,l ln...-t'„.,
.i«*M.,af,i with -l,,. ..■111-.- ,r,-. It, r. i.-rai. -inula, ,., t!,. „„aif/it,. a,..i ,.,■,„. .,.| ,1
,tM..t..,„. ,,f lalll.. Sli.,,, ..,.,.,!< ,.!!,.. ,,1|,I . -,a,,],. ,,l,a-,.. ..f ,|,.. l',,,,!
nOr,.,ll,. ir-aip. All |- llama,'. ,., -n.lv ..• C.,,-! j,',,.,,,,, ,.., Tl |.1„-,,„|
:,11.I ,,..rl.l..T:ti,' l„a-., - ,:;,,i,,, ,] .l,i.,. ,,„. ,.,„|,„.Iv ,.f „„„.. r-.aa^ ,!:,,,.
-oriic ,.f tl,i-iM ,,,n- II, itii, ,■ ,iii-lii,,L' • f .-,,!, ;,|.r,' ial''.
iiiicK-i-, |.<-. 'Iliii',. ,.f t!.-, la-i.- ii.I.ii-iw |,,,|i,- will I.
Mi„|, ■■ ,1
I,,.],
'\v: a 1, 11, Mi -(
.,.i.- ,1,
'■lli-t- tla-ii-. h
1 ll.^ .1. -.lil.. .1
y any -p..'ial |.. tr -r.
fill,
1,1 .'.111. !,i-i,,n.
lookiiiir initai.a,r|,l,.i<, ,| -i.li,,., ^i.
'l''l ' '•!' - .1' 1. i-t .T ili.-f. ,,|,|
Otii.^r-^ iiuiy l,p (ill
I'rii'i'iir 111! i,t' til, -. f,
I.T lir.'-Cal'l
uiil'ir.,!!- ..r ,l-.- T
i'.'-,iit ilic u r;
•■.!l,.u-. i!
.-.■i-laii ' ,,f ( 'aril.
ri,i--i,-. it in.t a- la
'tiii.Tiiii- :\isi-
.Tun
l-;j|<
II' tra'lih.,,]
w
•n,-||t:J, solUf (,1 t
\|,-(mi,,
at.'V, r t'
,>:v .if tlip -.-.ii
aiifl
1 ni.-t
UMll -,','11 I,, I',
iiiii.ri
I -,',1 a-li-l„
i|||,'l,i!-..|','||l
ill, tl.
ii,.i--n-f irr.'.'ii^t'
.1--V0I. .i_i>l
iii'l !l i- liiuliU pr..l.al.l.. tl.ai tli,
322
iiir \i:i\ii:\ I nr iiir iMrninw
GfcoHGE V, A, 1912
ri-lll-l'Hl^: 111 llli-
Culiiiiiliiii ri\i-r)
ll-.' nl tl
D'dnill,. -n
I.- -.y-ir. TIm
-MnU|, (,.,|„u-l:|
llv th.
lip 'ii'i' iilii.n-i il II. .1 i|uil,. iu.lUiiiimii-hiililf l)(it|i i
:incl ill (|if.ric ,,t' iiii'l.im..r|.lii-iii lr..iii ll
ill.' Hrf'cii-*l..iirs .>r llh' lln-Lin.l iiMiiinl,
MHMi-l/ilc- nil. I -l;ity nii'lis .,f tlu' I'.'ii.l
11 ciiiiniiisiliiiii
'.l.l.'.l will]
II' i|il;il'l/lli
ll.'H..
litll.il.iiii.Mll.v i
Tlu- I"
DOr
illl till- ..li-riliTl\ r..--.ilif,
iMiirli
A-i '1|,, Im -t uiii-Kiii^- li.\|..illi..-i-. ill. r,l..r.', iln
till- ui-liTii -Lipc ,.r til.- Selkirk niii
ri.ii- liiMi'-l..iii- J11-.I ili'-icriliiil
M villi' 1- ill.'lill.'.l 1,1 lii-l
.1 iIm
lev.' tillll
-v-l.'iii :ii'c iiii.l.'rlji
111 li;ill' .i|' the ('.iliiiiil.
(':irli..iiit'ir.iii>,
.'f tlif liiiiiii.!
"" ''.^ 1v-i.|iimU ..1 A ^,^v^ iki.k u i' l'al,-../.„i,'. |,|-,,l,:,l,l>
I'll'- ulii.li I'l'pr. -fill- ilii' ,.l,|i -t -,.,!
ii-y l.clt. It »ill 1„
iiii('iil:ir\ I'l
ll \i
-.■III lllill till' -;ni
il - |ii'..l,:il,l
|i;irt-,
Illll.lMlll.'lltlll l-cklli..!!- in ih,. Mi,|u;l,V ;l||,| l,|,,,v U.-I,.|'i\ IM.IlllllM
v Illl- -iirihiv
111 ;;ri)iiii-
.\Ii.-iiz..i( Si hi MINI- w 1. 11 1 1
I Sill I I' ( 'hi. IK
At .Mi.iiuiii,.|it IT."> ill i.iitli' SI
il.riil.l.' tlii.'kiu^- .It' ritriitili.'d ro.'k'^ wlii.'li iir.. t-, i,|
iii'li I'l'.-.'k \iilli'\. .■r.,-i,,ii 1i;k hii.l li.iri' ii
111!
lull.
irl.lc-
1111.1 i|ll:mziti'- rill'lll.l' llh ll
■iiu'i' III.'.-.' vi.iihy.r I'.ii'k
III- M. fiir llKl.l,. IIKI.V ll.' ill l;|i|..,|. At ill.' i;..iiii.|
ellll.v IlllH'li ,\.illll;,'('V lliiii
I 111' I'Xjih-lll'i- Ml-C Mill ^;,.i),]
I-.. il.M'lll'olv lii-ilir.Ti.U-. the lirl.j i.liMTVa
p 111.' VUll.'.X.
'I Mlllill' I Ill
ll'> lll.illllllll'll
nil 1- -I'lii til III' kil'i;i'l> iiiiilci'liuii liy li|:i
t till' -l.',.n -I.
I.'U nil. I rill ill';;l
'■'"''"-'"- ''''" '"■''- "'■ -■••'>• >iiii'l-t iiii.l ..f iin^ruliir .'i.iiKliiiii.'rMt.'. us w.'ll
iiiiiiili
l.llU'k
Hill
'I' I.I l;l>.'l's .ll'
il.-ti
ilii'-li is (li'-iTil
iliuirlzilr. Til,. ijiKirt/il.' i- -iilplii,l.-|i,.|,riiii;. 'I'll,
Mil 111 till' tii'lil null- lis hi
.li'l'iiniu'il. till' iiriiilliti' s|ii'i'iiilly -li'wim; fr,'.|ii.'iit
i-liiirt liistiini'i'- l.otli up ill,, -l.ip,. niiil nil. 11^- its ('.,,,1. •}
i'liiiii;:is I
.' I..'
■t' -ir
iir.' uri'iill\
nil. I ilip il,
lipils ten.! Ill
fr<,
tnirly -i.'m.Iv -Irik.' ..t' N. ii' -111 |'',
K. to iK) . riu' serii'-, I'liidly ni'^illitic
III' iii.ii'i' ri,i;iil -niiil-l.iiii
" illl an nviTii^'i' ilip i.t
'lilt IllHI feet nliove Little Si
(•niitiiuir!! enstwiini to ii I'liiil.
vnli'iillie lireecin- of Mnlil
K'i'P iriek, nil. I there it np|M'nr> to .lip iiii.jer tl
(' iiioiiiilniii
'I'lii-.
ueiiirnl enslwnnl ilip nppenr- li
. . . ^ ['ii('i'itii-
luini.'tenzc tin- seriei; through. iiit il- exii'iit of tidO ynr.ls up the vnlloy from t
.-Insh. I
ll tl
lie exposlir
1th of tl
I' hill' iliil nut pr.iiiiisc ii-pfiil nsiilts
!.• Ik'iI- wen,. 11, If f.ill.iueil in tlint ilii ti.m. The expi.-nres are liki
very jioor on th, ues| ,i,k. ,,f the .riek. hiil the -hnle-niiilsl
I'xteiiii on the Sophie iiiiniiitniii slope at lea-t niK) f,.,.i y|„,,
arfiillite i.- ther,' j;rently eninipleil. hut pmlmlily -trike- in tin
V. lin" V.
•|'l
lilh ilip hi^rh to tl
1.' iiortli\v.'-t.
iiie MTies si'i'iiis I,
•.' the creek. Th.
nvernue direetion
ll' seri.'s seems thii- to l„
of a hrok.n ainl nia-he.l aiiti. lin,. pi
lielieath the MaMe
'11-1 liiill ten thiek an. I In have the at
litiii
IiIuiii;iiil; te the n.irtli. cnrr
I'.viiifr the seilimeiit-
rolat
lolls are. however.
inoiiiilain and Sophie mountain hre.eias and hiva.s. The tieh
'"''■ lliiil '111- I iieepti.in niii-f !,.■ ri'iinrdeil n- oiih
,ili.
-iitvi>stive and hv no means prnv.il to I
At th.
-Iiitr-
-lasl
:il.i|lii 111.' railuay Ir
i.'K an. I .11 .'a.'
I. a niimlier ot v.-ry punrly p
h -id.' of the I!
-hales. Tliiv-i' fos-ils
titled th."
wi re -uliinilt.'.l t.
i--erv.-.l reieaiii- of plant- u.Te found in tin
111 n- till' rnehi-
.t n f
.Til. Ill n
'roli-,,r 1). !'. IVnhallo
11 pi'olinliilitv of '.■//'/,•//
w, wlio nleii
nnin iinlhrr
<s^mmfii M
■mfm.\\^m.m^i msmr
•-'."'a ->..l. li |.. ,■):;
",.^r^3
iirrnur ,11 nil tiitii \:^ii;,,\,,\n n 333
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
lho,n,soni^: ami t..„t;„iv,l. ,.,„,...|.„ - ,1,. I„.,|- u„l, ,1„ |„u.,- Cn.tao,,,,.
haml on „,., .,w,m,„„ „, ..,. „ „u„ l,a..,| „„ „ ,:„„„„,• ,1„. Mn ,i W oH '
pii>t-Koci'iii> piTiml
iiw to wurraiit (nir
. "11 til,, ntli.r liai„|, the ilci'r.M' of im'tainornln,.,, i^ t
. ■ 1 ^ ' I fiiii'M Jill IMli js ItMi low lit U;irP!iiit i.iio
ri'tiTrnic- 111,. MTic- to til.- I'iiKo/cl,- Kit), ,. , \i i- i" warrant ,.iir
pr..foral,lo „. ..i,l,..r ,„■ tl ', 1 \|;"/''T'''' ''r''""'^'''' "''''''' '"
lil)>sr,A\|i Vlll., \\|, (Jhoi !•
M:Nt;uM. DKst riii'iids.
Ft-,,.., the Sal.uoi. rivr to tli." Koltl,. riv.-r at CaM-n.l,.. a ,listaii,v ol f„rtv
mdos. th,. on.„„Io Bo,„„|a,..v l.lt ....iitaiii, an inv^ular thoii.h ,.on n .u
bad ot basK- vol.-ann- ro,.ks. Thi. l,an,l ..„v-rs al,„„. la.. s„„ar'. mil,.. , ..
Wt .ru\ ,« part o, „ vok-ani,. an., i,i tl.,. W,..t K„o„.nav ,L,ri,., „f I H,
Columbia a..^ro.Mt,ii,. n.K» .,„are mil... W...t „r ih,. C.lnmlii,, h;, "' h '
.0 can...s aiv ,l,.v,.]„pe.l „n ,1,. T-ni,...I Stat.- .id., of the R,„„i,la,-v l„it h nv
.'\t(.ii.aiv<'l.v IS not known. ( S,.,- Thit.. Hi;.) i lu no«
Tl... entire voI,.ani,. aiva i. hid.k • i ' .,it..,| l,v I.aM,- and a.-id pintoni.-
ma.- «h„.h. in ^vnoral. ar,. .vo„,i,..r than tli.- vol-ani... and ..„t ,l„.ii . l
-on UHiod ,.rosion ha. r..v..al,.d many of ,1... ,lik.... ...x-k-. an,l batholitl.. Z
hat .he mapped eoiita-tdin, s of ,h.. ..ffuHve , k. ar.. ..Ntr.ni.dv .' ■ ,„.
Ow.n^ to severe or..«eni,- str,.s>es the lava flow.. aslid,..,ls an.l lr..,-..i . „ „.,llv
have high ,l.ps and .•o,upii..at<..l strn.tnre.. Most „f tl,..s.. ro.-k. ar.. alt..-ed •
.•ru.h.nn.ta,n.,r,.h..ni ami eontae,-n,..,a«iH.rpl,isn.. Th...v ar,. of,..,, involved
nost obBa,r..ly w.th the l.aleoz„i.. -edim,-,,,. jiM .l..s..,rib...l an.l also w i 1
omiger strata whud. are genei-all.v nnfnssilifer.M.s. Tlu- .litfer..ntia,ion of
lavas o„ the gronn, of g..olo,ieal ag.. ..annot as y..t I arri,..I out syst..,,,;,,- .u:
I ... eortai., that ,1... vol..a„i,-s w..n. erupte.l i„ at l.-asr two .li,f,.ron,
ponods Ihe ,d.U..t lava,s. asl,d,...ls. an.l a,-,don,..rat..s seem „. hav.. he.
extruded .•onte,np.,ra,.e.,nsly with tl,.- (\„-honif..ro,is lim,.ston,.s. -herts .,n,l
slaty rocks, and have sim-e. through r,.^i,.,ial m,.tai„on.his,n. h..e,i ....nv-en.-d
.nto „ia.8.ve and sehisto-.. gnenston.. wlii..-i „f,..„ k,..,. their ,K,rphvri(i,.
s ructnre more .,r h-ss plainly pre-erv...l. .X„ ,.l„.„ii„,, ,,„,,, ,,,, ,„.,'„ IJJl
these old,.r v-,dean„>, a.,,1 „:i.-r.,se..pie analysis is generally helpl.^ss ia the
attempt to n.fer th. m to .l.tinit.. types of lava. From their g..ii..rd habit ami
irom the nature o, the alt,.,.atio„ an.l metauiorphi,. pr.i.luets i, aprH-ars pr. h 1 1 !
that the whole sern>s of (•arhonif..ro„s ..xtrnnv.- shouM he .-lasse.l wit|, | '
'onimon augito andesites an.l basalts. I„ his r.vonnaissanee of the n>gion
dunng the preparation of material f.,r th. Trail d„...t. .M..(V,n„,.l| r..,.ogni„.,|
th e ( arhonifew us age of the^. , ks and ..alled th.. moiv masMv... porr.liyriti,-
•n. p. Peril
..lid 329, 1908.
'1 *. Transact ions. Royal S.-cioty of rann.l.i. sor. iii, Vol 1,
pp. 290
:-'.".a— vol. ii— 211
m
•-S11
^\'
J^.:
.^•ia^'Jsa.
<-Az
324
KKi'MtruEsr or the isrr.KinH
I
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
phas.. -uuKito pori.li.vrit...- ()„.■ .,f tl„. ,-l,i,.f ,litli,-nlti.., i„ „,;,|,pi.,R thr- m.^k^
liP9 in the fact that tli.. di-tiii.t iiii.l i 1, Mui.mcr illicit,. hitir..< nro .xtmniflv
difficult to .hstiiKiuiMi in the fi,.].! Iinni tli.- ..l.lci- luiL'it.- iiiMlr.<if^. There nrr
moreov.T. tnio aiiRif iiikIimics iitiil hnsnlts h. l„ii;riiit' t.. ilir .v,,un|.',.r M-ri. -
of laviis nnd the prohlciii nf ditfrrrntiiitiiif.' tliviii from the ( iirhoiiif, n.iis hiva-
is in iniiny can's not to he Milvod.
Since, theretiire, iiu.st of the vohMinic holt has doried dear-cut division
on the map, the writer lius followed McC.niiell and Hrocl< in colourinir .iimI.i-
one lejiend, the ' Hes.li.nd Volcanic (Iroup,- nio-t ot the v<d<anic lorniation-
occurring in the B..imdarv Kelt 1,< tween tiie Saliimn river and Ciiri-tina JaKi .
Between the Colunil.ia river and Cliri-tina lake the lar;;c.i- part of the volcanic
masses liave heen f(.tinil to l)(<lonfr to the fainil.v ,,f latiiev. althouKh there are
some flows of true liasalt and nuffite anch-site asr-dciatcd with them. In the
BeaYer Mountain region fh<:r- i- a e..nsideral.!e area of rcdatively nnaltere.l
iavns and tuffs which nowhere seem to have any latitie phnse. Chiefly because
of their relatively fresh and riM-ent api)earance, Prock has already separated
this series of volcanics. and he has jriven the series the name, 'Reaver Moun-
tain (Jronp." The pelnifiraphic distinction just noted further justitie- our fol-
lowing T?rock in his mapping, and this part of the whol,. volcanic area will he
separately descrihed. a>; well as separately iuaii|)ed in the accempanyiii}: sh.it.
Tf. in the future, the l{osslan<l vol.'anic jrroup can Ix' analvz.Ml witji 'sufficient
accuracy to permit ..f its Md'division on the nuip. it would W approjiriate to
reserve the name ■ Rossland Volcanic Ciroup ' for the latitie lavas and a!=so-
ciated pyroclastics. for the<e seem to he the .lorniuant extrusives of the area.
rKTiioouAi'iiv or Tin: i,\x as ano fvnoc i.astks.
The writer has collected ahout (uie h Ired sp(viniei,- of th.. fre^h.-t .in
most typical neks of the volcanic helt and from tliem al.ouf eichty-five thi
sections were cut. It was not until tliese ha<l Incn uiiero-co|,icallv' eNaniin..
that the litholopicnl diversity of the lavas hecani,' fullv apparent. S,.
varieties of latite. , divine ha-alt. olivine-fre.- ha'^alt. aupite' an.le^ite,
po9>;i!ily picrite (coi rospondine to liar/.hur;;lte ainon- t.'ii' pli:tonic vo
descrihed auionpr the latter) hav<' heen r( co,.riiz,.,l anmn- the ],." alten
The most abundant types are probably the auRite latite an.l biotit
latite. These are respectively transitional into olivine-aufrito latite and biotit.
latit.'. nornblen.le-bi,,lite latite an.l h..rnblen.l,. (-aufjite) latite and a sju'ciallv
fomlc aupite latite are of more lo<'al ...•cnrren.'c. The true basalts are far 1.--
comtnon than one would <iisp( ct in the fi. 1,1, .inc.. mi many of th,' latit.-- liav.
basaltic habit. True aupite and. site is pn.bably nn.re ' abundant than the
basalts.
v. 11
an.l
I- and
Iava~.
aimil.-
.l»./(7c Afj^Vc— Massivi. lava Udonyiny to this variety was f..un.l at wi.l,.l\
spaced localities, amoncr wlii.di ar.. -p..cially note.l the area between Castle monn-
lih.i'iiiti III rni: iiin:i \.'-i nii\ii\n:it 335
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 3Ja
""";r""'"":r' '■' ' ""' '*'■'■'"■'' ""'""■"" 'i.iu,.. th. ,i,v,i.. i,..,u,.,„ \i.,M..
luM Lull,. Sh,..>p .TO-.k-. n,„l tl„. l,l,.tf. n„ tl„. w,.-t M.l,. of tl,.. C.lmiil.iM riv.T
ahoMt toiT m.l,..s m.rti, „f tl,.. Ii>„.. Tl,.. I„ll„ui„,,- l„.i,.f ,1,.,,., i|„i„„ „f „ ,v„i...,|
relativ.-l.y wm\u-rvd ,,l,;,s,. r.-l„t,.s f .., f tl,,- .v,,„„t;..,. tinw. ,.:nvv\uK n„ th."
"Miianie.! .ym,-A ,„.;,!< uv-t ,.t th,- M„r|,hv ,t,...|<-( ;h„U,..,K. tnul ,,,.,1 al,<.„f ,«,,
.u.I,.s north ot S„„,v ,.r,.,.k. Tl,.. v,,!,-;,,,!,- n.-k^ a,-,, tl,..,-. ,.x,...p.i„n.lK w..]!
.•x|,o,s..,! .l,„v.. tn;e-lH„., ul,,.,-. ihl.-k -i,,.,.,- „r |,id,l> ,,..r,,hv rili,- |..,tllo all.TMat.-
w.ti. .M„i-.. I,;,.„lt..- >h....ts „,„! uiti .,-,. ,,.,1, .,,,„., .■,„„|M,-,.,| .,|- ,1,,.,. h^vn^
V" , "" "■' "■'■■-'' '-^ •' ''"■'' «n...n,Mi-f.'ra.v .., alM,,..t l.h..-k ro,.k l..„rinc
"l'^;"*I;>»f Pl|.-...,..r.v,t. „,■ ,,.,|,„k,, ,,h„i.,..,,,.. ,„, ,„ :; „„„ i„ ^.,.„^„„^, ,|i„,.,,.,/:
■I'ul „t MMiillcT, vtniit priMu- ot' t;n.(.Mi-|i-l,l:„.k pvn.x. ii. .
MM.ro„.„|,i,. ..xmiiinati,,,, ,|,.,ws th„l tli,. i-o.-k i- urMTM-lnM. il„. ,.i„.|io..rv..ts
l..'.n^y.nstnuM,.,l .mT ,om p,.H..,.,|v Mnalt..,.,.,!. IT,, ph.,!,,,.].,-.. i, ,|,„ „;„r,.
tano,u.s ( „rWnul-.ll„l,. ,u,m. UHlivi,l„„l ..ry-taN .iv,. ,.^ti,„.tioM nnelo. appn,-
rriato t,. tli(.s,Ti.>sfr,)ni lal,ra,l„rit.", Ab,An,.t„ Lytownit... Al, Ai. (),...aMon.illv
ono ot tl,..>o l.a.,,; n>,livi,l„al> is sum„n„l.v| with a >,arrou rii nrtho.-la^,'.
vr.""''"'"^'; ' '*-' "" I'l""""'-.^--' 1'^'- "I""" til" .■..iMpnMlio,, of lal,ra,l„rit,.'
Ab.An, 11.,. pvrox,.,,,. i- a , „. , -p|„o,.|„.oi,., p,l.. .r,...„i,l, aiiirit,^ of
dlopsKlic hahit.
_ Th,. !,^rn,,„,l.,ua>s ha, I,.,.,, -ona-ulia. alt..,v.l. uilh tl„. ^rt.M..ratio>, of uralif
m .small n....,lh.s. /oi„t.. in rath,..- ran- yraiiuh-s ,.|ilorit,.. .,lmn,lant hiotif. ami
mor.- >c.r>,->t„. inx-a n, „m,.,,t,. foil- aM,| -Inv.U. ( )rtho..h.s,. was not ...Ttainlv
.IPteotod in the Rromul-ma-. whi,.l, wa- ori:.inall,- h.valopiliti,.. with pla^'i,.,.|a«',.
m.crol.tes ,■„■. «>,M,..i i„ „],... M„j,,„.,i,,. „„, ^„,,„i,,, „..,,^,^ j,, „,,, ,^^^^^^,
form,.,! crystals.
A spo,-inion ,.„ll,.,.t,.,l at tiii> lo,.ali(y (No, .-,(:!) ^n.l an-wrinw to th,. for.-
KOinK ,los,.ripti,.n has Ixvn analy/,.,i hy Mr. C ,or, with ns.ilt a, f,.ll,.w«
(Table aIX.. f'ol. I.) : -
Tahh XIX. Av„l,,srs ot ,n,,,:i. Inlit.s. l!o..-sUuu/ </;Mnrt ami SIrrm Xnada.
1. la 2.
.Mol.
if? 96 .012 .69
ifn '■'* ■'>0' •■'o.^
w",^ 10 -001 -10
Pi^? *■.% -IH 3.79
S"^ -21 .001 .19
iio-atiio^. :■..-.. ■■..;.•.•. '■.\', "^ ^-^
H,0 above llO^C .50 [^
^''^^ .46 (m 55
100-12 100.02
•''p. B"- 2-7*5
f
1
^
-»--^
1
aae
hi i'\i!i \ii:\i or /III. i\ rruioit
*ii_
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
Tlic ciilciilalcd iioriii i^:
Orthoclasp.. ..
Albito.. .. ■W'^i
NephelitP.. . -«•-«
Aiiorthitp .. I'i'-
Diopside.. .. I7-7!'
Olivine.. .. • «»7
Iliiipnit.'.. ."..'.■,■' 10I8
Magnptite l**^'
Apatite '■*>-
Watpr l-'J-»
•«)
99-9!»
A.TonlinK ,„ ,|„. X„,,„ ,.h„-i,i...,.„n ,1,.. ,.,„1< .Mt.r- tl„. .n.li,,,.,..,!.. s,,!,-
un^. rn.,n.o„oso. of ,1... ,|,„„alk„li.. n.njr. i.omus... i„ ,|,.. .i„ al >,.. or '
.'orrnanaro. Tl... „„„,.raIo,n..al .„,| ..,„.,„l..,, .„„„.,„i,i„„ ,„„| .trm..ur. . i
p.Tfo,-t.y nu.t<.h tho ,v,.i,.a| au^i.o latit. of Tal,!.. „„tain. Call on i
«nK,„a!I.v ,k.s,.r,lH.,l l,v Ka„..,„...* Tl... analy.i. ,.f ,1... nu-r- l.ui,. ,.l,a" „,• ,1,..
lahle nioimtuin Hon- ,s otiforod it, Col. :.' of tho for..^^,!,,^. t„l,|,.
iToni th.. trrsh rook ji.^t .lo-ril,..,! all tra„-itio„< to proto,„„llv allrrrd
Phases are r.,.n...„,..,l i„ ,),.. aroa. TI,o lalito 1.. of,..,, U..,', .ra,-.!,, ,
a .lark ,.n...„„,..s,ve n.-.k. .,,11 .houi,,. i,, porphyri,;,. ..|,ara..,..r l.v tl,.. ..r...-, ...
of hroko,, a„.l al„.r...l el.Npar pl,..„o,.r,vMs or of .,rali,i,. p-..,„lo„„ rpl,s affr , .
M,.g.t,.. Lor tl,.. re>t ,l,o ...„„pl..,..lv ..l,a„,..,l r„rk i.. i„ il,i„ ..,.ti„!,. ,.",„.
n„ . ♦ho„,^h „o, ot,..„. a,. a,.,.v..|aloi,lnl ~,n,..„„... is pr..srrv...l. This is „ot so
,ni,ch b....a„s.. ,1 has l,,.,.,, ol.l„.,ra,..,l l,,v „„.ta,>,.,rpl,i-„, a. l„va„-.. ,1...... lavn.
wro larpf^v no„-ve>i<.|,lar ul„.„ tir-t <o„.oli.lati.<l.
A>n,ife-hiotU. Lalile.--ThU ,y .f ,„.ssiv.. lava is a, l.-as, as i„,por,a„t i„
the area as tl„. a„,u„.. latit... A.- al,.,v.. „o,..,l. tl,.. ,wo varie,i,.s ^ra.lo i,„„ „.,. ,
other. a„.l the o„ly „otew.,rtl,y p..rsi,st..„t .litf..re„.... i. ,1,.. al,s..„,..'or pres . „, . o
h.ot.e an.oj.p the or„n„al ph,.„o..rysts. i?i„tit.. „ls., of,,.,, ,„.,,„.. „ „ „ „;'
7h r\- .'•"■""'■.'•■^■f ^- '",""."■ - "f " '"'-p. ri.'h brow,, ,.olo„r a„„ has po«..rf„l
..b.orpt,o„; ,ts opt,..ul a„frl.. ,> probably „„.l..r .'^ Tl„. otb.r phc.„ocryst>. tl.
No p,.rfL.<.,ly fr..-h sp..,.i„„.„ „f ,l,„ ,,„j,i,e-|,i,„i,e latite was s..,.„n..l One ol"
the leu-st altered .,„.>s, ..oll,...t,...l „„ ,he ri.l^.. .ioi,,!,,^, Keeonl a,„l Sopbi,. ,„„„„-
tains, a a p,u„t two „„|..s „orth of the Dew.lney trail (Xo. 456), has been
amtbve. by .Mr. ( ..,,n..r. It is a e.„„pa..t. .l.-ep ^M.....,.isl,.«ray roek .vi,l, ,„„n..ro„.
TzS 'ii,""' T, '"'"••"''"■'!'■ <='-n.^inff abo,„ Ab, A,,,,, biotite, an.l „rali.
,' , -IT '!T, '"""•'■•''^ '"•« "■'"'"■'I I I" a„ ab,„„la,„. ori^W„allv
hyalop^tj^W..,„sl, base. Tl„. latter is ,.bi..tly ,levi,ri«,..l Kb,--. J,s a,lvan....l
•1.'. L. liansoiiip. .\iiicripa„ .foiirnal of .Scionop. Spr. iv. Vol. 5,18987 p. 359.
. * /,'.
^i
in.i'iiitr III nil imir i>/ /;o\(«u/ /; 3^7
5ESSI0NAL PAPER No. 25a
altt'rntioii Iki- I,-,I i., th,. t,.i-Miai;.,ii ,,| k,,,,!,,,. ur^ilii,. -, ri.-.i,-. ..|,i.|..|, . /..|,itr.
■ ■liKiritr. .Mrlinniilr. .,u.\ ;, litil,- .pi^i-i/, Urlli...-l;|.,. u:i- a|,|,.ir.inl\ ri.\.i- in.li
\ i(hiiill/t'il.
Mr. (■,.iiii,,r'- jii;il\-i- n-til!,-,| ,,- |m||,,u. i'I":,!.!, W,, c.I, |);
/"'''■ \ A . .1 ;i<(/'/VC. ,(' illl'l'llr-l.'itilil, Utlih',
1. 1" 2.
.p'V? ■>!'•'••■ "M tiitl
J V; '■"*' •"!* 'f»-"'
i*,':''" iB-.'i -i.vi i::i-,
i^iV" -W •00.1 L'%
f,*'";- •• • JHK (His IKI
J}"*J ■■.'0 00:1 OS
*'k" ;i--.i DSH 10:.
',"" v.vi .iO(t ;i.i!
".»l^ -11 OOl .jl
•J»?," i-M -(IM. 4;;i
•^jU ;|.!)j .ftf) 4.1(1
H,Oat iioh; ..| I,
JI,() iiliovp 1I0°C .]<> , ;;■ .7-,
J!-'' •-■I -ooi -iii
xyA '»
!',''''= m
^ -11
99:)-i ioo-;i:)
*>!'• K'' 2-796
III tlie Xcinii rlas-itir;iiic.ii the mrk .■nicr* .lie -n,li|Mit;i.,i.- MiKniiii;. -I
lioni>-c. of tlif iilkiiliciilfii- iMim. jtidii-r, in tln' .lo-aljiM ..nl.r -.■rin::iiar. . 'I'll,-
norm i.s as fi)ll(i\vs:
H"Y*^ R-Bt
Ortnoclase ■ITi
Albite '.' ■ ;: iTl-io
Anoithite 19.71
Hypeistheiii- ' '. yi.-^
H'*>I>*'Jf .. 6-40
Ilmenite .).]3
MaRnptite ".70
Apatite .31
lljO and to . . i,,f,
Ii9-2.'i
la the older i-liis>itic:itioii this varirt.v i- .■Icarly m liiotiti-avi;.'iti' l.itit.
In Col. -1 of Table XX, llic- aiiai.ssi- ,,f one dI" Kiiii-oiiii'- l.vpe-. that I'rc 111 mar
<"lover .Meadow, ("alit'ornia, i- .•iil.Trd. Tlie alkalies are a little low.- in tie-
British Coliinihia r.H'k, but tin- re^lle.■live ditlVreiiee- are to,. Muall lo .'aiise
doubt as to the elassitieari.m.
irr
i
' ^ f
!=
i
t i
8M
i>ri'\niur\T OF rin: istf.rior
2 GEORGE V, A. 1S12
... the I oun<i..r.v l.,.l O., K,...or,| ,„„„„„„■„ n,|,.. i, i- i„,..,.m.,|,|..,l wit', ,1,..
Ho..n.lMr.v In.,.. I he .pe-unen. ,.„1|,.,,..,| „ , ,,|„.,., ,, „p„,„iv.|v
frrsh mill i.rc iiiicriishod. ini.nnn.iN
Ma..ro-,.o,,i,...l|,v. th,.r,. i- |,„|,. ,„ ,|i-,,„«„i<h tl,,-.. n.-k. In,,,, th. ,.
.-m,.,„n a„K„,. l„„t,.. The ..ol,,,,,, «r„i„. „„,| Kene>-.,I h„bit i. th- -„ T.,..
|.hr.„o,.ry... „re uu^.tr. ,>livi„., ,„d l„hr,„I„rite („v..rM«i„;r \h A,, ) ' Th-
Tt::z "7i rv ■^■^"''""'■- '''-•■•'«"•■''■->■. -• ...i.r„..o-.aiih;;..
~tr; . L'i *' ;l«'v^-l"t'"''»t o. ,.,i,r.,li,i,. a„^i,.. a,„l h.hr,.,h.,i„.. Th-
exoopt that a I.ttl.. phoi,„-rv,ti.. Mutit.- is ,l,.v,.I,„„.,l i„ ,u /
Reenrd m„n.,tairi ri.lKc. ''<^'Iup,.| ,„ th,- ,,«.,.„„,.„ f,.„,„
That spe..i,„,.„ ,X,, .„i.,^ ,„„ ,,.,,„ ^,„„,^^,.,, ,,^, ^,_. ^, ___^^^_ ^
s.ope slw.we, that th,. a„Rite i, hore s.„„..what „rali,i.,.,l a,„l ,h.. „livi,„. p„r,lv
KO..orat.„n of srr.,.it,. ,n>..u a,,,! otI,or s,.,.,„.,i.„..v pr,„l„c.,s. Tl,.. -,H.,.i,i.. ,ravi.v
v..li,e >, the more reliable since it, .•ef..rs to the fre.h.-.t sp^-einien
Fro,,, the ..hemi.-al „,.al.v.is i, is ,d„„r that thi. latit,. v..,^.,m „„ aM.^it,-
AnalnsU of avgile-olhine latite.
SiO. .,„. '^o'
Al,d.V. ■.■ I'OO 013
FfcO ^^^ -l.^
F«0 2-85 .018
MnO 3-28 .046
MirO 11 -OOl
CaO ■■'•'* "^^
SrO 5-33 .095
BaO. ■'» 001
Na,0.. ..■■..■■..■•.;■., /ll 001
K,6 j-n •o^'
H.OatnO-C. .. 3-«6 .033
H,0 above llO^C "Vf
' -16 .001
99-54
^p-«' 1:^1
f the domalkahc rang. ,„onzot,as.., i„ the ,l.,.alane ord.T. «, nnanar... Th..
nomi IS as loilows: —
HI foil I in Tin: i-iin:i \siitiisi,\ni{
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
8uiirt»
rthuclaKP
Albite .",■.;
Anorthitp \
UiopsiUe
llypiTsthenp .
MaKDCtite
Ilmenitp .. . .
Apatite
ii.o ;; ;.
320
3'»U
18-3.5
1223
II'OS
6.78
1-98
•II
M
99-66
liil
I'miii I
. Th.'v
inn
!■
I
in-
llo,nhk-,ut.-au,nt,' Ul,h:-\ i„ur.l, ty,,.. «,.s ,„l|,.,.t,.,l m, ,I„. :!.l(Hi,,„..t
■uMtour .,„ the >lM,,e .liic n.-t ,.f S.,vwar.| n.ilwnv >t„ti.,n. It i, , ,| ,,-| ..nv
rack wul, ..n„spi,.,,on., InXnnis, M.n-k priMn.- n( ph-no-rv-l i,- uM-n,!,. ?n';,
Kray-t lilted ^rrouIld-nlll!^^. Tlu- ik i,iih,r linrTiMrii,!,.,
mm. ill IciiKtli mill iiri- iirnaiw.-d in rnii>;lily tl
pani,.,l l,y n siilor.linnt,. n,iinl,..r „f i,li,.n'inr, „,„ , .„ „„„.,
.•r5-Ht„. „it t,r-t ,|„..,,ver..| in thin s.-.-tion. Tl,,. tM.,n,nl-inMv, i. „ rath..,-
•■onfu.s,.l. t.MonH.n>talliii,. aff^TeRato „f tiu- sani.. I.i.ili.-at... an,| f,.!,Up.|,. [„
this raso tln-n- .-UM Im- iu stinn that „,,! las,. f..rn,- a !ar«,. prop„r, i,',,, ,.r
the Kn.nn.l-nin.. t.-hlspar .ni.-rolit.«, whiHi for tin- n -t aiv pr..l,al.lv lal,ra,l„ril,.
M«Kn..tit,.. pynto. p.vrrhotite. an.! a little titanito uro m'.-.Nsnrv ,nin..r,>l- .-aL-it,.
'•hiorito. ipidnte. kaolin, and ^c
I No. Ci^u) is coniparafivfly fn->h. It
fnrm shown in Tal.le XXL, Cnl. 1.
par inicrolitt's, which I'nr tin
ite urn acci'ssory inim-rals
ricitc aro -<r'iin.;ary prodm-t*. 'I'lii- -
analy-is. l,y .Mr. Cmnni-. n-iiK..
IX riincn
I in till-
Tahl,' XXI'-Aiifilusis of lioinhlri,,!,-
iiilfiilr
1.
Inlih:
2.
SiO, ., ,,
il8 -80
Fe!o »«•*»
Feo ^^
Mnd:. :.■■.. °°* '''■♦•
MgO •"
CaO l^l
SrO *-2*
BaO . ?*
Na,0 •"
K.d f"
H,0 at 110°C i^
11,0 above 110°C , ,,
c^:- ••'.:•.•.•.•.• .v.: .v.; .•.•,•.■;.•.. •.;...•■ -
FeS, and io'A'.'. ',', ',', \\ ;. '"'^
1)1-69
*"■«' T^2
<»a a,/,-„nnt of tin- pr.Nrm-.. ot' py-h..tilr tl.. iVitmu.s „xid,-
l"ro.-tly dotonniiu-.l. The propurti,,!, > fi., „.x..',. ua- ,.,tii.n.t,.,|
52-17
-80
IH-59
1-86
.1-74
-n
3-57
825
OS
•15
,191
4-00
-U
117
M
56
2-31
99-91
2.1.
Mol.
870
016
-16.1
012
•052
■001
-097
147
■66 i
-063
-043
001
I n.^t
ihiiwn
"•S-i''t-*
.* ■ ■'-
"«a» V
330 "I i-uinii\i III rill nrimm:
2 GEORGE V, A. 191?
••"I. 1'. Kii-t. .„, ;.n,.„n,l „| ItO n.|,r,.,..|,tinir sulHri.nt I'.. t„ Mitisfv tl.r -„l,,|.„,
•rr...»t. w;., n,.,...rh,.,M..I. ll„. -„l|.|,i.l, - „f in.n «vn. Mrl,i,rar)lv .•,„wi,|..r. ,1 a-
..•nt tlu. F..O ;,n,l |...(. „|- ,1.,- ,.,„.U 1„ ;,.-,„„i„. ,|,Mi .1,,-,. ,.xi,|... „r in tlu
av,.n.^.. prni.nrt...... uiu.i, ili.v |,„v.. i„ „,l,.r .f,nl.v.r,| |{,„-I,m,.| lavns ( X.,s. -i:,„
i.n. ,.l..t. fl... ,n,„l,v-,-. ,„ nr„|,.„lnt...l, i- .■uur'-\ in C.I. -J: tl,,- ■■orn-, lir
MKilfciilnr |ir..|M.rliciM> nn- sIi.iWti in Col. l'-i
Tlio norm w;,, ■■,,|,.„lat.Ml from tlir vHlu....ifivon in CoIh. 'J an.l Ja. with r..s,.l,
lis toiiuu «i :
Orthiiclasf „. .
*lbit.- 23.(»i
Ncplu'litp.. .. *•*'
AiKirthitc. .. *'^
Ui<.l*id.>.. . >*8*
tllivin.. 19'<1
llmeiiiti- ' 'J'rJ
Mugnetitw .. '.;
Apatite •''"
I'yrite aud pyrrhdtitc. „„!
H,0 and CO, f2i
9B-80
A.'.onlin:; to ,1,.. .\„nM ,• i,i,,„,„„ „,.. ,,„.|^ „,„,,,.. ,|„. ,.„,| „,:„7i,, ,„i,
';"*''• ""■'" ^'•- "' " '"""11 '• •■^--'. ""...na... i„ ,|„. ,|o-,laM..„r,|
i-'fTinaiiarc.
.Wnlin, ,o tl,.. oM,.,. .•Ias-i,i,,„i„„ i|,„ ,„,u U l.otl. ,nin..raloKi,.a!lv an.l
.lu,m.o.ll> a hornl.|..n,|...an;r,t.. iat.t... It wa. nowluT.. mmm, t ■ v..si..„lar hn,
-"' "'■'--mt o! ,U ,H.,.M-„.nt H,,.. .rain, i, i, |..|i,.v,.,| ,„ ,„,,..,. t.. a ,na.- i .' 1
ratlKT than t.. an intrn-iv.. I,...ly. '
A >oim.«hat similar ,,.,rph.vriti.- ro.k. inrha,., intn-iv.-. ..r.,,,s ,„„ „„ ,,„
.■w.h,-.v tra.i whon. ,t .-ro.-,. ,h.. I.,w ri.l^.- l...,«..-..n Sophi.- tnonntuin .n.l
Jill^' nX" '"■"■'■ "'" '—•'->"'-''-' i„'th,..r f:::i: :'
//on,hlrn,/.-l.i..>.lr l.„lilr.-^\ tifth t.v|H. of lutit.. was .•,.II,...t...| on fh.. m..,n,
am srM.r rnnn.u^: ,„, tr.,m liitt.r .t....!. so„,h, astwar.l at a point four tnih-s .In.
..a.t ,.1 th.. ra,lr..a.l sfatn.n at Cas..,.!,.. The ro.-k .•rnps oat at the :i :!(H1-fo.,t
■■.m ..ur a.s a nn.s^n.. ^rra.v t., ^'r..,.ni.h pray, „on.hyritir. non-v.^icular trap, an.l
M>on.s to ..xt..,,.! nn,t..rr..pt,..lly ah.n^f ti,,- ri,l«.. to tlu- l.:!(M)-f„.., .•„nt.,ur. wia-r.
t .s infTl,.., ,...,1 with n.r.I l.an.U ..f lin.^ hasi,- ash. (' i„„in^. s..„thoastuar.l
. h.. I o-.n.lary l„n.. tl... sam. lava is -....n in,orl...,l,h..l with ..oars.. ..uart.. ..o„
t.lom..rat... Ilus typ,. „t lava was not i.lontiH,.! at anv oth..r lo..alitv
I ho ph..n,K-ry-ts ar.. hro« n hiotito an.l ^.r,..., hornl.l.Mal.., th«. fomu.r pr-
•lonuna .n^^ I h.. .leLrminahl,- f.-hlsp.r. av.ra^rin- lal.ra.L.rit... Al. \n >-
-.mfm..,| t.. th.. pronn.I-mass wh,.r.. it fonns „,innt, . tal.nlar. twinne.l .ry.tals ii;
preat num ».r. A «r..,.n shr...l.ly l,i„tit.. of h.w absorptive power and evi.Ientlv
..1 d.ff.y..nt ....mpo-.tn.n lr.,m th.. pheno..rystie >r.i..a. i. ext,^nsively .lev..l.,p...|
|.moj th.. phwo.. as.. nn.r.,lit..s. This ^n-n i.iotite aKo fonns eomph.te p.s.u.l.,
morphs al ..r th.. h.,r en.I.. ph.n.KryMs, - , -hat it i, .lonhtful that 'mv .,f th.
nuea of the gronn.l-mass js orinin.l. ( •.rt!,o,.|aH. was nn, olKerv...l an.l it i-
I!ll'nl;ii,llin I nil I i>l l;i,\,,Ml If
SESSIONAL PAPtR No 25a
331
|ir;i«'tiiMll\ iiii) i|,|, I,, ,1,.,, r.,,iii. i|„-
kTiMt llii^ lii'cll till' :l|l. r.iti,,!, ,i| III, ,.,„
ir.i.t. r ,.| i|„ ..riLMii.il t;r,,iu,
.I-* the uii
.11
ii'l II ,1.1.
""I''"" - '"I.irv |.n.,|iirt-. .1, Hell
liornl.|,-ii,|,.-l,„,t,,,. hitii.. ,„,,., I |„,„„ ,11, .,„,,,,
-iMiiliir.
Hu.l,l.. I,,l,l.. A ,,M I, ,v,„. r, ,,iv-, „„ ,, hn.i ul,i,.|i ,. ., „.r „ ,,||v lik,.
.. nil,... un,l..„f... ,i.t „„,|..r ,|,.. ,„i,.r..„..,|„. ,|,„vv, f.,„,ir. - nLitniK it r„ ,1,. I.,,,..,
iu-ril'-nl,.., . I„ It, |,r..,.„t .■,.,„lit,..„ i, „ ,. ^.r.-.n,.|,.^:r.,v n.-k „|- ,|..,.i.|..,IN
.^rh.T ttti. .Inn, ,l„. «,v.t ,„:,,„.rit> „t III.. K„-,h„„| l,v,-, |Ji,„i„. „,„, I,,,,,,.
-lont,. <,.v..r.i;rM,u nb„„t Al., Ati . .„.,. ,|,. ,.|„.,.,.,.r> -t- Tli.. I,...,. «.,
'■,•""'''■; ";"■'■ "^T'':' "'"r "; "'""'' ' ^' '"•- ••• ' ■'■^-l"-"' ^"" r.. irr..«„i.,r
'T ,"' /■•••'•''^'I'l^ ..rtl,.„-la-.. u,,.,. ,.,„I„.,M,,| n,,. ,r..,i,„l-„...-, i, „„«.
•''"',"' """V''T' "■',"' "' '•''•^' -'■"■''''■ '""■" "•■■ -- "f" vvl.i,.!, i*
(IdiihtlcsM iil-o ,,t M.ci.iiiliirv (.riuiii.
Tl.i- r.«-k liiH i„.t l„...„ .•lu.|iiii.|,lh «iKiK/.,| i,„, il,.. ;„.i,U.|, ,.f .. ir,-l, ....■-•I.
""■■' "..i.M .M.m-pHii.l ... >„,,i,v 1,1,,.,, ,„i,l,.„t..- wl,i..|i .P,.ri.-li in ,,.,..wl,, I„
v,..w ,.t til,, i.itiiniit,. :.-.„. i.ti.m ..f tin- tv|„. with tl„. ,ii,.l..,il,l, ,|. .i,;.h/..,| L.tii,-
,t .,....m. iM.-t t.. n.K„r,| .1... m.-k ., ;, ,,|i,. 1,,;,,. ,,,„|.„, ,|i:ni ., tni.- .,„.l,.,it,.'
!h,.imli It ii:ii-t 1... ..II til.. I...r.l.rllii.. I.. iu....|, tl,.. ih.. - i,.-.
F..,ur 1,,.,,/,. /,„/,/,. |.i,„|K. „„ ^,1,.,,.,,,, ,,,^^, „|,j,,|, _^._.__^^ ,^^ r.|,r.-.i,. .,„
..pi"w,t.. ,,.,!.. ,„ , „. ,|„r,.r,.ntiati I ,1... i,„i,i,. „„„„,. „.„, ,.„„„| ,„ ,,,..
castt-rn sl..,H. „i ,1,., l,„K-|.;„.k ,i.l«- i„ ,,1... w..,,..rr,) SI,....,. ,.r....k v,.ll,.v \
st.c.on,l l,„t ,>,,.,..• ,l..n.,tf,il .„rr...„.,. u .„ „.„o,| ..n ,1,.. ri.l^r.. I...,w....„ |l„„„;i„r\
mom,t,„.nt N... l.O ..„.| ,|,„ ,„ry.|| l,ath.,litl,. Tl,.. ..|,i..|- „,i„..r„l.,^n,.„| ,|i,T.„:.
eiuv l,..tw..,.M tin, ..V,.,. ,,.,.1 ,1,.. „„„lv/,..l „„;;i,.. h.-i... ..„M-i,., in , ,,r.. „
iiierca>f in tin- ii,mil.i.r .if
iibiinil
>t'<'tiiiii), mill a|ipari.|,tl,v
iiii>;it.. jili. i,..,Ty>t-
ilici" .]f hil,ni.i.,rit.. |,l,(.ii,„.rv-t- i\vl,i(.|;
The
arvessory ajiH ...ei.fiii(larv
a ili...r.a-i- in tii.. n-lativ
'i'r..,|i(iii,|ii,i.r ,|. .-r..;,-.. ill i|
1 tii:,,v ..iitinly tail in tlii. lli
miKit^ latiti-; i,rtli,...l»M. was not .,1.-, n..! in t
•<. am..,,nt .,| tl,.- (rr(i,,i,i!-nii,--
iiiiiH.rii!. ar.. tli<. :,iin,.. a- tl,..-.. ii,,t...l f,,r tl,.
fhr
Bcf,;
Ltt'd
ipe.'iniiiis luH lar;;(.l,\
»• Hr.iiin.l-
iia— . wliii.|i 111 al
.vi r I.. yrt.<.ii l.ii.tii.. an. I
•r,.-if,i. nil,
omimrison irllli .v„ ,-,.„ A'-r.;./,! /.,i(ilr
iKitiiij,' 111.- ..tlwr t,v|i...- of lava in tli. I{
illut Willi .\i,lll,lc Mu
lilr
tive to ri>vi(.\v tin ir
oriffiiiiil latit.'s
clas-iHi'uti.
11 111 t.Tliis ol' tli<. el
ill,. I >.'r..i,i. it will l,i. ii,-trii
ii.|,,i..al ...>i,<tit,ition .if till
the KiKslan.i la.
from Calif.iriiia.
avcrnfri' .if til,, t
''tiii<..i liy Hai,«iin... In Talil.> XXII., Col. 1, tl
iti-- ,-; t'iviMi. ai,il in C
I ..1.
tllf ilV,
..tt-s tl
i(. av.raui' ..f all t.'n k
UK"' ol iix typi.
ic avfrm-'ii ot
al lalit.-
itit.., ami (■
wi.|v(' nioti/i)nit«.> ri i
I. tl,.
analyses tliro.iiihoiit tl
()-
.. Wnrl.
•jl
-t thrt'c iivi ras..- hav.. I,.
iiiipilati .11 ..f i.l„ii,i,.al
m per rt^nt. In making tli.. av-.i-ay.. of tli.' I!ii.-lai,il latit.-, t
and aiiffite-liiotit.. latit,. wi.r.. ....n-iil
•I, r...lii..|..i tl
.i.» w<.ightefl as four
iiiij,'it(. latitc an. I
ajrainst i!i|.
n-.l a- ..f <..pial u.iul,! ainl tl
if tl
II' aoyit.. lata.
i.ir a v.. raj.'..
This wcifrhtinj;
oli. in(-aiiffit<' latit.. wl,i..|i t.)f,'('tl,..r
If analv,-.- ,,f tlw h.irtil.l..ii.l..
tiini-.. of the (liff,.rciit t
.•orr.^ponils np]>r.i\iii,al<-ly
to tl,.- ri'l
p<.s in ti,f III — lauil .list
u.Ti' wcijflitfd as
;iti\i. \ .iliiMi..tri
iiiilii.r-
saa
i'H-\in)irsT nr riif istkhiuu
Tahlr Wll. V(,
2 GEORQt V. A 'J
« a a
H"»«liin'l laiiti
Mill I » NViMil.i
lyi" l«ti,i-.
no
Al O,
Mill)
Mk<>
I'llU
Sro
li«<)
Nii.o
K,?».
H,(»
H,l>.
CO.
.■l»l .'l'.'
« ;ii
1 (»
1 <Ni
111 »i
111 7."i
1 ID
:i im
4 "il
:* iM
II
im
t '>l
:! .■■<»
r. !«
1 i«
i:i
in!
IN
lit
•1 .'tii
.1 .M
1 i,i
1 .-.K
II
.(,»
IM
H-J
:it
III
M
■a
Xv^rnift .,f
n.iri.l
1 Hll.l 2
IIM.II/I II, (
•i: k:
1 ly
fill
III rii
III .-i;!
1! 44
:i m
:t W
1 37
IW
i:.
t in*
1 ;.'ll
■. T«
7 !!•
or.
1 ■
1,
:i (11
.■1 »s
• I'.'
1 II
'S.^
74
1 '-'
:iM
i;i
OB 7:.
IbilOd
100 oo
llNI 110
Tli'> ohwo corifi.spon<I<mi'e ,,f the U.whIii,,,! ,„ i «•»..,
ne UMBO*' lava tliaii y, tli.- c.rrpsp.mfrnp Dlutniii.' T,, .,11
m.rf«.f «,I,„„ "iiltiii.ilK litfiTi rifiatKiTi t.-iii i li, |„.
::;r^,'■Z1.-■z::;:,,,;'r■;;:■,;':',:■";i^ ,-';;; •-■■■-. ""- ,-
fii,..
iiiii
lii.
„',-■ "«." 5/?'<*
TUvIMPaA ^
111
.1
1
1
I,.
.'II
III
,■1
1
II
KH-niri nr nil < ,nri iv,v..,n„,„y
SESSIONAL PAPrH No. 25,
■ tii'lili' liuitml, -Ai iw,, I I,,
-*aa
that tlii, ,yp.. ,„ „..|, „.„„. , '• .-^^ •''^••^'■'^ "■""I. '1- wrif.T :-l,..v..,
•••■»'i -r,.,! .,, ,„.. ,,;:;;„,::: '•;:^;:r ,;:;;'"■- '•■ '■' ^■^^■- > .i-
M"'''!""''!! l'<'loli)»i,|jf I,, 1.1, ,,, .,
n...r .1.0 r„r,,.|I .v..„i... o„ ,.„, , : ■,' -.""—■ <!■- -..- ,.„l!,..,..,,
""■""■'• 't «ni ,:,;,:;:; ,i;;,,;i;:t;:'-'''''^ "'-^'^''^ ^•••■■•'
•Mlntit.-Mlivin,. r...-k «l,i,-|, ,. „
I'l.T
I- .1"-! Wi.l ,,f ,||.,
,, ,.j . . jTMl:, I. |,r.
tlui» ihtf.r f^-xiitiiilK fr.„„ . .,„. „.;,
The .'viilpii,-,' is .|iiitc cNiir ili
Tn;!- iiiiBiU' iiiiil.-sii. u;,^
'■•'I -'■ - .•liar.i.'l,-ri,|i.. ,,f r.t.. |.,'i(,.,
iiih! t'
III i...t.,.|i
'"•-t -r tI,.. 1,1, .rl.
very cdur,,. iwyloniorat- . ,r.i,ii,:; • l',L "i '"""''"■' ""-''■• 'In- I.I.tI,. ,„ ;,
Mocks .... „..,.,. ,.„,., r,,;:,,,'*;,: :;, . '";,;--- ' ^- ■■-. .•;.^ :. T,,.. ,„...,.
l'i-Htt.-.,„„rtz imriihvrv '"■ ' " "'' '-ii-l"-" ,,„. ;,
'iii-irii''. llii-
rm
l'i"titt'-(|iiiirtz |)i>riifiyr.v
._r,..,.| ,|,v„|,. |,.„w,..,„ M,,],!.. ,.„..,, ,.,„, ,„,,„ ^
flxTi- a v,.ry tl.irk :i,„l „.a.«iv,. .1,.,, inurl...!.!..,! „ . II ' ■' ''"■"
-- - .1,.- u.iK,l ),ol.„.rys,a:.n.. ,.^n.^.„. ,„■ ...Ji,..'" i..| I , J ' 'n
I'I'hMr.- iM-n- n.,M-|, .nor,. .ilt.T.-i ih.„, tl.o iVmic nin. r U- '' '■'^■■•'^; ""
'm II. a, IT,..' :,- ,!„. „„^,,,., ),.,r„|,|..,„|,., „r „li,i„:. ■'"■'■" '"•• "'•
/" ''"■ '"' ■'" 'lif triil .n„ll,«..<i ,,r I :,K, „ „,,,i
' vin.-jrcc l,i„,ilt forms .u Ica^t tw tl, ,-,■!, i|,.u. „,.„,,.,,.'.
■I I'.i' tilth 11,,. .•ontH.'t-plniM
||ii. !l,v r\i.!,n
Ml ,. f...,r |;,X,.|-
li"u- li.-r,. :i -trii,,. , '■ X ],, I.- . 1 ,;
to ,lu. w,.-..„nl; tho ,..n,. -,a. ,.vi,l,.n,lv 1 „ ^,.,.,.,K .l,.,,,.,.. V ,' '''^
l"''l I llir .listiln Moi, „f ,l|j^ l,.,.,,i, c^., • ^ ""• ' ■"
iial.;,-i.- A \
■•"1!<-I-I at th,. ,.lij ,,'■ ,1„,
/■/'."• o/ /./,.,„•;/„ 0/.w,/M,.;' Tliron^I ,1„. u i„ i,. :,r,. ,
Iv.i.iid.ry l„.]t i>, tlio R,„.-lan,! ,M..„„t,u„,. .,,■.. I ],-„ .,r,. .-xin.,,
"uniU ,,r l„otii,.-q„ar'z ,>orplivr>. i.,ol.;,l,lv a II, ' "
■.I
ii- >ir
Vf-'lfl
I I
i )
334
ini'\unn:M nr nii: iwhiatut
2 GEORGE V, A. 191
IK.ssil.l.. „....„m„,v „f :„.i,| l„v, „|,„.,,,.,i |„ ,|,„ „.,.i,, ^ ^^^^ ,,^^,^ , ^^_ ^ ,,^^
...te..alai,„„ ,„ tlu- Cn.tM.vniK (M :u-iilit<. ■,, ,1„. ,.r„.M„.- „f ,1,.. |!„„n.l,,
n lan-l.v ,1,- m,t I,,,, ^r ,vl,i,.h i„ ,1„. ti,.l,| „,,. ,;,1<,„ f„r l„.,|,li„.^ Tl,.. ,
7::^:r ' T"; '" T"- '■'"'*•'• "'•■ "•"■'- '"• " "-■ -■■•i' ,:,.,:
iron, tlM^ ro,.k slnrnv. ..-rtai,, pn,„r „,■ ,1„. „,i«i„ „,• ,i,.. ,,„.k l,ut .1, ■„, , .^
ap,„.»r,i>HM. w„.s 11,.,, „,• „ .l..vi.ri,i.,|. ,„„,i;,llv ,„l,..r„li,i,. „l„i,li,„ Tl",. wr
sM.all ,„lu.n, 0, M. „, ,„> ,.„„Hv .l.-v,.!.,,-,! ....Ilal :,.^Kn..'a.,.- ,„-„,„„-,x :,„„
W.I>,mr an.l ,l,o,r nuunx „ a very tin.. .rai,„ ,| ,,• pl,v,i,. i„„.r.r„ vll, „r ,1„
softion. I he huinlinj.' may l.i. a How-slnictiir.
Si>,«, ils .•hara.'U.rs ar,. „l,s..ur,. a,„l hn-^^.ly nv^rativr .1,,. wrifr „,„-.
regard his rofor...,.-,. „t ,|,is ru.-k t„ ,j,,. i„i,l ,.l,-i.li:,„s a. t.ntativ..
/V/rv n,H ..|,/,,/'„m,„/,..v.--.M„-, „,• ,1,.. ,r.,, ,„„,,„i.„| ;„ „,.. ,j,„„ularv 1.,'.
I.y tl... lu,.-.„, ,,l v„l..a,iw Kroup is Mn.l.rlaiM l,y mas.siv,. tlows „f th.- latit...
an.l.-s.t.... an.l l-asalt-. A .-nnsicloraM,. traW, os, i,nat.-,l a~ .-..vTin.- n I. ■, '•
f.ft..o.i s.|„ar,- n.il..s. is. l,„wov,-r. un.l..rlai„ l,y a tlu.k. „,„■•.. ,„■ 1,... ,^,„,i,n„',„-
muss <.f ...,ars.. v,,l,.ani.. a,'Rl„m, rat... Tin- pyr,„.la~ti,. ..„n,p„..s ,1„. ■nai,„-i,.
of th.. ..Mt.Tnps l,ot.w....n Lak. M.,.„rtain „n tl ,-, an.l tl... tnp of s'„pl,;,.
mountain „n the wost, l.osides ,.xt...ul„ .• |.,r -..vral ,„il.^s alo,... I{. ,.„r,| niniw'
tain n.lfc'p. i..irtliwar(l. from the Hoiimlary lin.^
Tl... .•nnstit,,,.,,, tra^.-n.<.nfs ar.. an^lalar P. - M;:„lar. r.,u^\u^^ i„ .,/,
Irnm ,l„.st-parti..l... to l,l„..ks four f.,., in ,lian„,.,-. Tl... ,l,.p,.i, i- ,„„ ,|k
without stratih..at..m hut ...msist.s .,f a lumultnous. ,uas-iv,. awn^t: .„ ,i
fraKments whu-h w.-r.- ,.vi.l...,tly ....v.r sort..,l l.y waLr-a.'! i.u.. \I„., ,,, ,1,„,„
ur,. <.„M>p.,so.l „t au^nt.. latit... bi..tit,.-auRite latif. or. to a loss oxtont. „f has,!.
ami augito an<l..s.t... H,^i,!os th.s... ahun.lanf a.,trular l,l,„.ks „f f.wMlifrn„i-
whit.. <T.v.stani,„. ,^t,.no .....ur in tho l.n...,.ia th>-n„j:h„„t tl... wh,.],. ,.a~t, r.
slor.i> of Soph,,, mountain, and ar.. iik.'wi .u.spi.-uous i„ ,1„. |,n.....ia „„ ,h,'
|.ast..rn sid.' of I.ittl.. Shi.i.p cri^.k vall<.v.
A hasi.. aK'jrIoi.K.rat.. .iiaf,-os(.opi<.al
lit lackinj; tl,.. limcstoni' hlork
tlip Houn.larv I
y ^miliar to ih.. Si
lit tl
'ph,(. ii,oi,i,faiii i> p
ini- an.l Santa I{
Tops out thr..|. milt.s to the \v(.stwnrd. 1
.o<a ........I;.
..xaniii.atioii of tl... frn;ru...nts sliow.d tl...n. to h,. i-\
otnl "
i\s alrcaily not(.il.
irtwi.iMi
mii.roM-op
li.tly .-iiifjit.. aiid.'siti', will
a notnhl,. proporti.m of hlo.ks of ,lark ,.o!o,„.,.,l hiotit..',niart7: p.,n'l,.vry
Th.s.. 1
th
>|.(....i'ias licar iiuui..roi,s iT.ti.rcalatii
n hasic ash-lii'.ls an
f.nv lo.'aliti<'s th.. .1
id a f..\v. tl
IMS of till, inassiv.. lava tl.
70° to 'MY-. Oi
ip (.oi,|i
il 1... tak
'li.i 1.C.I-. of Idiii-k. rarlioiiac..,Hi~ sliali-. li
OH-iii^.- that til., whole firoiip ha- I
.'I.: ,11 yfi'iicral it is hijrh aiu] rar.i,'r- fi
|.|i III avil.\ ii.oiinli i-lniiji
DiMTis (•[ riiNi: riii; Kos-
r.wii V
Ml AM.
At
various [mints th.. and(.sit.
tho ten-mile helt are out l.y diki-s and iiToyiil
in.lin^;- th,. (\,i-v,.|l hath.ilith
seriK'ntiniz...). The Inr^est hodv
iKtciir^ on K.coril
iiia-.-cs of ilimiti'. now pan'
niniinlain viiL.^... on
-^^m^"^
i!i:i-<,i;r ni nil , im , i >//,•,, \,,i// /.■ 335
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d
1 "" '■■'■^■'■■^^••'^'••:^::^^^^
allil lM.lf;llcllt, . ^ ![" 'I'll., . l.il, .
l--sl.,,|. A h,,-.. ,1,!... ,, ,,„„,,■ ,l„.r„u. ,1,. „,-,H.,„i„,.,.,i .i,„.i„: ,.,„- ,1,'
7V'""'^"'"'"-: - h'l.'.'-h ,:,i„ ,, .„„| , ,i,,H,„ ,1
llLx"" ■"" '"'"■ '"'- '-•"""■ ^ '^ -'''•■
Sin,.,, this r„..k i. ^,.,^ ;„,, ,„ „.,,,,„. ,|,,,,.,,,„„ ,„„„„^ ,, ,, ^^ , .^^^^
a .> tM.r .„ >.,,.p..M. tl,.„ „„lv . ,,„rt,„„ „,• ,|,„ „.|,„l,. „u,MlM.r ,,1 „, •,.,„•,■,.„,,'- I,,:
:;:;; ir?;'- ""••;•-.- '--v''"""^''- — . .'n,.K „;;„„.,.! l
.truMon. „f ,1,„ v,.r.y 1,.-,,. ,yp,.. |.>,„„ ,'„, ,,„■„„, |„„^,| ,.„,^„;
l.;'<n.:,n.,„.„r I..,.„.,ry..!u.Mi. ,.,„,l„.l,n i:. .„„| „•.,.! ,„ l;,,.,,., „
lain nilL'i'. ,,i.i.im
ItiMii; o\ M, IIm (.|,ii k.
On Mri:.,. ..,-,...1< ,,I,„„, ,i,,..,. ,„iV, ,|,„„. i,. ,„.,„| , .
^n «lu,l ,,r,n,..l „„ n,„r„-,.„.,„. ..xami,K,.i„n. tn 1„. . ,|„nit,.. h mU hu,Uu-
:rLz :;,;"-''-."'''-''-^-'- --'r-'i- '- - Ti... i.,„i, ,, ,„: .
t" -' "un. ,M ,n.at,-,. ,li.,„..,.T. Tl„. .l„.nui„n pr..,!,,,-!- nr,. „1,. ,,■,.,„„
™m..1 ,„ ,h,„ ,.„, .v., analv.i- ., . .,,.,iv,.lv ,V,.-,, ,, ; " v
• ■-'M «:iv,. Mr. (•,.,,,„„• ,1,.. |-,,ll,,wi„^ ivMih:
. I /;././ ,;.v/.v „l M, /;,i, fn,;/.- ilinnh
SiO,
TiO <i-se
.\l.(), "i>n«
i.v:.()" I-2I
Feb.. 91t*
MnO.. .. iitit det.
MrO.. .. -in
CaO fSM
SrO >-"
KaO """«•
Nu.O.. .. ""'"''
K.o : •<>»
llrO at llO^C. •«♦
HiU above I '.n°<:.. 'r
lyj, 1-M
CO, -oi
(■r,(),.. .. 'to
NiO.. .. ■>■'■'
s ; -IS
-M
l(W-,-.l
^P- Rl'. ... - — -
3.1tiO
i ill
336
i>h:rMtiMh:\r < r the istekiok
Tl
M^ prescMK't' (if siilpl
2 GEORGE V, A. 191?
,. , . "'"■ i'i''''-l<'i«- uitl. til.. .lrf..nni.mti,Mi ,,f tliv ivlativ,
prnportions „t ik- m-om oxi.l.-s in this rn,-l<. Tli,- .i.ialysi,
tlio nufn.so.ipic .viiU'i tliiit »•.• licic I
»i- clciirlv cnrriiliiiniti
>iiiMi<in t,v|.f (if (liiiiiti-.
IVHII'MVHITIC MaH/.HI li.JITK ( I'lillt I K ;).
At the- Dewdnoy trnil s„„t!. „f tho lua.l-wnt^r. ,.f Snnf, Kc. ..„...k .1,.
, . r 'l ""•''''7«""-- " >^" ">"-ive. (loop KmM> rock. l„.ari„^ ,„
.s s„rta.-.. a mn.lat.t ..l,.aya.^...1aees of i.lio.norphic on.statito. wLich i. ..„,I>,^1,1. ,
m a compn-t l.a«c of olivi„o an.l it. ,l,.,.ivativ,.. .orp.M.ti,,... ^lanv „„t.. .
n. ..l,nra..ter,..,l I,v sphoroidal woatlu-rifK. an.l ,)„> rock has a.s..,„..e,l a tro ,
hr(,w, ..oIo„r. II,.re and thero it is shear..! an.l th„s locallv ..onvort... I i, '
nearly pnre serpentine.
Th,. enstatite pJMM.o.Ty.t- n,..as„r,. 1 .•,.,. „r n.,>r.. i„ lenct . hv 1 to •' nu„
... ^l.anK-ter KeM.I.s olivine the only otlwr oonstitnents am ..hro.nit: 1
magnot.to; the latter n.ay he entir..ly ^...v.n.lary fron, tl„. altered cl v n e T
enstat.to .. generally fros). hut has yi.dde.l son,o secondary talco.e neater! 1
The ol.vme oeenrs ,n nnnsually small prait.s. which vary from 0.02 nnn t.,
than 0.1 ,n,n. Th,s f„,.. t,.xt„r<. .,f th.. olivine ^^ronnd-nass s,,,,,,,... ,1,„ ,1
mass d.d no, erysta li.e nnder a heavy .-over. In the fiel.l ,h.. nn.s was tak,,.
for a th.ek flew and it ,s qnitr pos.ihl.. that it d.^es represent the lava c,irr.~
po.,*np to a ,..r.dotue. .V s,..ond visi, to the locality mifrht solve this inter-
est.n^ prohl,^, .,f relatims; n,..a.nvhil,. the rock n.ay he ..alle.l a l,ar.h„r..,.
and ,s descnh.d anio.,;; ihe intrnsiv..s. lar/, ,,r„,,. .
resnlfasSlZ's--"" """'•"'■'' ""' ^''"^' «P''<m....".. (N'o .^fl2) collected, with
Aiinhi.Kis of i,„rplivnt;r li>irzhiir;iile rcffMsivr' ^
SiO,.. ,.
TiO,
AI.O.
Fp.O,.. .
FpO
Mnfl.. ..
MrO .
<"aO.. ..
SrO
UaO
Na.O ■'
K,0
H,0 at llCC. .
H.O above 110°r.
I'.O,
N'lO
Sp. flT
Mol.
42-99
•716
tr.
Ml
•on
1.87
•OIJ
5-91
•082
•05
43-H
1-079
•10
•002
none
none
•29
•00.'.
• 13
■OOl
■51
400
•222
■04
■15
1M>29
3075
1^1^^'^:^
'^him'- *■'-■
urn, in- nr rin: rmi r \.^ri;n\n\ii:i,-
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
The calculated nnnn j,:
Orthoclas©.. .
Albite '
Anorthite '.'
Corundum
Olivine
Hj-persthene.. .....'.
MaRDetite.. .
Water
Af.-.mliiiK I,, tile A'(,r
337
■M
S43
■56
•31
6808
20.68
3-78
4-51
lOaO!)
rang in ,he unname.. secri,.,. „f th!- ,>orf;„„::':;i ^ .r^ ' '—'''
-Word.„g to the .,l.ler <.h,..M,ie..tion ,l,e r.rk i. ■, ,„,;,;,. ),.„. ,
<l ol intrusive .-nK.n-an cnstatite har.la.rgite; or an cJt n ''.•"""•:■'■■
a trne lava which has ,-,,-talli.,.a „„ „„. ZtJ^n.^'lT ' ' " '"
(i.ABBiios .VM. I'i:Mii».nii:s nk\„ ( „„i-.iinv I.m,,.
The Sutherland .'^chist-coinplex i.s ,i,t hv tur, l.,r„ .
chonoliths) of gahbroid rocks, U ., ^v,;iel^ l' ,' !^ ,,:;rf..:^'-^V:"'
po,^...oM au.I extern of thee bodies is rou;.hly indicatJl on , lo , ' ~ '
The one mass, covering about 1..^ s„uare miles, o.^uv- a F f.. rulw .v
>tatum and ,s n:ai,,.ed under the name. Fife w.bbro It i. n /
greenish-black, medium grained iKirnbleud. -■ l^i! .. u ,. " *^T" "''■''''''
of bytownite and the two bisilieate. k Zni^ i ui "h:;; ,' """"i' '^
Kran.ilar.On „ne of i,s margin, ;he .abbro r::^ /^ ! S':"::!! Uh'
black iiendotito eomposed of .lomwr.iit , li, .>.<;. i; . . r n • • '' '' -f"''"'*''
j.™. i».b!™.„., .;,„„„ ,J ;;;::;;:;;!;r:!:;.,;;;,;' ::::;;:?■-,:;:!„';"■
IS often sneissic through cru^hinu'.
Two miles farther n.,rth on ~the railwav t;,, tioi, .■■•o~-, ,1, ,i
edge of the se,.,nd of the ,wo ,abbro ma-s;.. whieh ^-uV,. ,!' .,::'';;;:
?ame area; >t >s -napped nu.ier .he name. Haker .,.,bl,r,. I, . "'""" ''"
biotite. diallage. and basi,- iabnidorito ^\b An) w^th u,„-,l rX^in 7,
ferous magnetite and apatite are •uv.«..orv T hi In .L ":''";":• ''""
Wady crushe<l and gnoi.sic ' ^''" '"'^ " '"'"" '"''^' """•^'•
The Baker fjabbro is cut by an irrepular intru^io., „f v,rv ,„ar.. bi„ti„..
-lalla^e-olu-tne ,.r„lo„te. with aeee^^.r,- tui^j-Mctite. apatite, a,el a v. r' 1 ,■
bas c plagioclasj-a combination of miueraU wl.ieh shows a elo.- ,. ,e e
nect.on w.th the «abbro. The peridotite is fr,.sh. with a \,.:£ Z-^'
measure.! at .riirs. and show.. li„l,. .videncc of ..rushin.^ The „bu d .
STi^^.rtr' '■'"■ '" "'""^ ''" '"""•"•*^^^ "- ''^""- -' -livi::';;::;;
Rossl.AMl ^loNZOMTh!.
For the reason already noted the eomplex intrusive mass on whi.h the cuv
w^'jk} -L\.- 'A i(H'M'sr*.>i%vnv:.^
i^*2t5'
338
i>i:r\iiT\ih:\T of tiik isiT.Rinn
Buuiuiiiiy siin-.v. 'I'lip following dcs(n|.ti,,i
inanixript wn'tu^n hy Pr. (i. A. Yoiiti;;, ,,m
coining r»>i>.rt on tlic mining troolofry ot i|„
very greatly imlelitoil to Dr. Young for tli<
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
of tin- nH.n/oniti' is takiMi from n
"f t'lf joint anthors in the forfli-
l!o.s?l;iinl (ii-trii't. i'ln; writer i-
fiivonr of using this niateriiil iu
advam.e of ,.uMie,„i„„. „, well ;,s to Mr. ij. W. Hro.-k, who In.s genen.u-lv
supplied the Intlierto nnptiMi-hMl rouli. of ^^Ir. C.nnor-s analvsis of th,
mo.m.„.te. (^u.tation marks in.li.-Mle the part of the pres..„,. „.xt 'supplie.l U
■The monzonit.. ho.l.v underlies ahout ,.ne-half of the total area o-
the map shoot (aceompanying the s,,..eial report I and iis alreidv stated
ropresentH only the western ,H,rtion of a mughly oval nu.ss ahout the mil. -
long m ail east and w,,st direetion ami having a maximum width of ahout
""","""' ""■ ""'"••'■'■ "■''<"'• 'I'lw.t part of tho monzonite mass King insido
ot tho area m the .nap ha, a very irregular 1 n.lary whi.-h. e,',, o„,.;„.
on the sun.mit of Doer Park Ridge, first trends northeasterly and tl.n
north, passing along the western Mde of Center Star guh'!,. The houndar^
-swings aeross this valley a >hort distunee hoyond tho northern houndarv
of the aroa and iMirsuing a very irregular eonrs*.. follows along the t.u' "'■
Monte (risto mountain an.l tlwiwe diag.mally ,lown th,. -outhern fa,-e ot
n "' . , "'°"""""- "Pndi"?,' a tongue aeross the -ummit of the latter
Jioyond the eastern limits of tho map sh.et. the houndarv of the inon/onite
eun-es around tlie east faeo of ( '. an,l K. mountain 'towards the -^reat
l.ody of Nelson graiiodiorito on tho north, then turning hack on i'tsoll
exf-nds ea.stward a.-ross tho valley of Trail creek to the slopes of Lookout'
mountain. 1 he ,outhorn houndary of the monzonito from the greatest
oastorn extensh.n of tho ho.l.v. tak.», a general westerly oonrse. enterin-
the area under diseussion, along the side of Cherry ri.lge near the south-
eastern eornor of tho ma,, sheet and with a how to fho north, strikes w<.,t
warl to tlio top of Deer Park mountain near tho .southwestern oorner of
the 8'oa.
-AVithin tho mass thus outlined a.--' several intrusive hodies of por
phyritic inonzonite and pulaskito as well as a few areas of the l,o,lded
.-series and of the augite porphyrite. The greater part of tho monzonitie
hodyi.s surrounded hy th<. Carhonifoi-ous sodimonts and assoeiat.d augit.
porphyrite.. the igneous mass euttinu- sharply aeross the gei .tiI -trike .-■
these formations. Towards its western end tho monzonito is limite.l U
ttie eonsid<>rahlo area of \elson grano.iiorito foun.l in the valley of Shoe',,
ereok. ' '
'The largo area of mo„z„nite with it- very irregular houndarv i~
not occupied by a simple l.ody hut hy a numWr ,.f varieties ,.f nx-k havin;:
eertain ohara.Meristie.s in common hut still pr..s<.utinif mueh diversity i,.-
general apixaraneo and eomi)osition. In colour thev vary from neirh
hinek to light gray; in grain from very fine to .oars..; an.l in struetur.
from granular to somi-porphyritiV. DitTcront ty|H>s at times out on-
another and al-uig the oontnets, the younger varietio-^ iu-,t infrequently m-
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
'" Uli: riiim l.>77,''.Sui/^W
33©
>iii'
ITlW.lf.Hl Wltll illilu-i,,!!
qiiitc liivor^c uiipcuraii.
differ-nt viirii-ti,., i„ ,
"tlicr typty, wliili. in
irreffiilur hixlii's witliin
' It \vn3 not thoiijrlit protil.ililc t
rnt vaiioti.s of ini.n/oiiit... .sp.ciiill
rt'liitcil in oriRiii niid
"US. As ri'nanKs tlic rrliilivi
tlmt. in p-ir-rrtil. tin. ,.,,„r«.r t.vp.s an
tcl(l.sputlii.- 1111,1 liHitcr coli.iin "
■'■I'l- "11.-. \,( I,, ,,,.„.,,
'" I'ii" j.T.Hlnally int..
' "I'.v larn.- area- t,, ili,. ,.
^'I'Piiii- a< iliko-lik.
thi'V
iii-taucr-. lypc- ..f
'111' aiictlii-r. 'I'll,.
M'liwi.,11 i.f
' or (piitc
"I' 111..
SI (III
111,' la.^. -
tliir plilci
nMotJii-r.
itfciiipt t.. map -, |'arat..ly lli,
!■< tlii.v aiv all U'li-.v,.,] t,, i,r
•'"iipf>-iti,.n iiM'l r.. liav,' l',.fi, ,i,.Mrl
!!»;<'> "f tin- ,litT, rnit vai-i<'li,.< if «•
iiim-i- than tin- tincr
■ litT, r-
•I„...|v
'Mt,.tn|>,,raii.-
il'l s<,'ni
ami tlic iii.r''
variiti,'-* iir<' viMiiiL-'.'r tliaii.lli,. ,|ark,r.
in the hold tron. tlio ..tlior vurirtics '.'•.•up,',.. „ |.,r,.
the shaft of the (ircat Wistcr
Smaller nroa.s ..f a >imi!ii
Till- coars.st tyi f iiioii/,,ii
•' "I iii/"ii.v, ..,.,, ,,„. ,,„., „„„, r,.a,iiiy -,parat,
area strcti-liiiiy f|-,,,,,
ru nun,. i„ n,-M- t^i.- Ii,.a,l.«,.rks ,,f tliv F.,.|{,.i.
.. • '"" ''^l"-' •"■'' I'oniiiioii .ill the sdi.tli f.,,.,, ,,(• \t ..
n-,s,o nioimtain an.l a,., alon. tho s,„i„nv..,.,^ '.J^d:: .'f . """"■
ho.ly. Thi:^ <.oarso typ.. is iisiiallv of a ,lark
dark, luarly hlai-k prisms
Donzonite
"iir ami cmsi^ts iawjv ,,('
K;„,;t„ 1 ,• , ■ , "' ''■^'■"•^<''"' '"• s..,-,,n,lary h'Tiihlpn,!,. ||,, !<,,'. ,,f
hiotitc, and a Iieht .-o h.ui-,-,! foM-ivir th-if ..;,-,.- .
as tlu. . thor dark .i u>s, i^ abundant ami f„r„is laa.. irr,.,MiIar l.k
Tlio feldspars are usually whito or >Ii«litlv pr '
to lie betwpon tin. jiri
in <'ol,)iir ami apixar
... .. ,, -. '■""' "t '"'ff'tf »U'l li')iiil)l.n,l... thoiitdi when ,*..,.n in
h,„ scnons thvy otton hay. sharply r,., tan..,Iar ..utlino.; th.y a .■ .1, o 1 '
labrador.U. w.th .nfrstitial ,,r.ho,.la-,. in nioro s„hor,lina,e am."m,. '
whnr fu '"""""""■ f^'-iu.ntly -h.,^vs |,„.al variations alone bands
^rt I'uh . i.'""^ "'""'""" "'■""■*' •'"■"' •'• •'■« '-'* then assume a
^reen.h back colour ami is ..ompo-..,l nearly alfwther of .-oarsolv
crystaUme hornblende and pyroxene with mueh biotit.. Sometim..s th is
type seema to end abruptly „p:ainst the .urroundin.^ varieties of „ ore
wh r^T"' "'"''■ "' ""■'"■ '"""^ " "■•'-"^ transitiomil f„nns in
whle. he feldspars .neroas,. in amount whil.. ,he .lark eol„ii,.e.| eons,!, -
.^f pjroxe,,.. or hornbendo niay the., ^nve a porphyriti,. asp,..t to the ro.-k
Alonff he southern b„rder of the ,n,.nz„nite b.-.ly this t!pe or a relat.'l
o^e no Id.s ,ar.e ,...ki liti.- biotite ,lak,.s „.eas„rin. a .piarter of a,i in oh o
Tr etv o^ "" •"'"^ "'""^ '""^ ""' ''"'''^ '""•'"-'-- '^f ■-' fi"- -^--^in.-i
variety of monzonite.
'The remaining vari-'ties of monzonit,. pr.vsent ehara.'ters that often
.1iffe«L T^rr'"'""* '"'"' ■■""^'''"^"'■'^' '"•^"- ">-l -''ile exampKs from
different I.^alifes 'ay appear quite ,)is-in,ilar. y.t thev poises, ,...,-t„in
featnres .n ..ommon and it w,u,l,i he ,„ii,,. p,..i,,,., „ .,.,..,, „ ^^-^.^ „^
340
iiji-Mii \ii:\i or Till: imi.iuo);
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
H,^,nu.n. -howiuK . ^n.,l..,inM „.,„„ „„. „„„ ,,,„. ,„ „„,„,,
.hffen.nt k.no, aro, ,,„ ,|„. whol... ,i„ „! „,.„. ,,,i„.„, ,,^,,,.,,,.t.,, „,
uh.t.. 1,1, spars and -lark, n.-arly l,la-k pyrox-n... l,.,n,l,lo,„lo-. .,„! l,i„ti„.
Hakes. Ihe vnnoiN ..om, mH- u-nally an- ,li.t,il„„..,| unir„n„lv -„ tln-
..n mocloratoly tresh -nr.a,.,-. ,l„. r,.,.k- pr...oMt .1,,. app..a,-a, „f I,,.;,;,,
'r'"i;r\'f " 'l'"'^' ",V'"'"'r"' "■''•"■ "'"""■• "•' -' "i"' 'i"v '1-^
■-Tains ami larpcr Lut still -mall. priMuati.. in,livi,luals „f tlw ,laHs ,:,l„„r..i
..•onstituonts l„ l.„tli t „• tin..r a.i-l ,.„arM.r k-'. I wiiioti,-. ,|„. n.la.u.
amounts .,f , he ,iark a„.l li,l„ ..„I.„m.,l <...„,p.„„.,„, varv fr la,t .„
pla.-... an.l uIuto tl,,. a„;.it.. „r l„,n.M,.n,l.. Is ..x,..v,iiMKly at,u„,la>„ ,1„
ro<^k assninos a very .lark jrruyi^l,. ahm.s, |,ia,.k ,.o|„ur. ..sp..,.iallv ,„„|,...al,l.
;n the .•ase of iIk- h.HT .i.Mah„>,l vari,.ti,.s. (),, ,1„. ,,,1,,.^ han,l. with in,-r,..,-
injr proportions of td.lspars. th,. j..,.„..n l,a,r l,,..,,,,.., a li^hfr ixrJ ,
.•nlo.ir more ofU..i show,, l,y the ..oar-or than tlw tinvr «,ai,„.,l kin.ls ' '
vnt ./"""^'V"' ""■'": '"•'■ l>'-'>'l""""">,tly of a thu. nn.l .-von prain,.,! tvp...
jet It oft,n liappoMsthat the ,la,-k pymx..,,.. „, |„„,,l.l,.„,h „r p.^K i,
larger pnsmat,,- iM,l,vi,h,als s,.a,t,.ro,l tl.ron^rh ,h,. .i„..r. „nif„n at.Ti..,
of the hulk of the r„o^. V.-ry s„,all -..al.s „f ,lark ,„!,., a,v „s„allv pn.,.,.
but 83 a rule i„ small prop„rti,.ns. S„m..ti„„.s ,1,,. „,i„„r,, .hiniuj: ijak,-
of this miu,.ral !,e<.om,. ,p,it,. al ,la-nt au,I in .omc i„.tau,.,., la,vor ra..«..,l
individuals ^>■lth dia„„.t..rs „p to o,,.. half nf an iu.-h aro ,„vs..„t t,.,l
eueh.so fhp other <-onstitueuts as i„ a ni,-.l,woi-k.
• When thin seetions of th.. .n„„zoni,e an- vi,.u,.,l ,„„l..r th.- ,„i,.,v
9C0,x>, the pyrox.-.,.. i.s -e.-u to he a pale frre.Mi a„«il.. ofte,, fon,,!,,^ pri-
uiatie imhvHluals seMun: luensurint' more than an eighth of an in.'h in
Jeiiffth. Ih.- auKit.' with s.-.-omlary hornhl.>u,l,. is always the .hicf an.l
in s,inie eases, virtually th.. only ,.olour...l .■oi,slitu..nt. At times it forni-
a larpe proportion of the whol,. ro.-k wliil,. in „th..r eas,.s. it is ..o.upletel;
overshadowe,] hy the f.^hlspars. Brown hiotite is usuallv pr..s..i,t iu th.
form of small seales or larger, ii-r.-jrular poikilifi,- flakes. The f..l,Kpars „■,
prcdominantl.v, sometimes altoROther, of plaKi,...lase varieti.-. Tli.> i,„|ivi,l
uals are jrenerally luth-shap,.,I and in many iustanc.s apiK>ar t,. I,., of tl„
composition of aeid lal.ra,lorite. An alkali fehlspar is often pr,.sent ami
eometimes is quite ahundant. either in irr..>f„lar praiii- or in lar>r..r plat,
like bodie.., enelosinp: the plapio.-lase laths. Some ,>f the varieti.^s of men
ic.nito eontnin iiiu.-h ma«ia.tite. .,tli..rs s.ar.-ely any. while small apatite
crystals are almost iiiiiv..rsal.
'The monzonite is oMer than. ai„l is eut hy. the ,K,rp!,yriti.. m,a.z„„i„
the .\elson Kran..dionte. th.. pulaskite, and hy a largo series of dvkes It
apparently also is invadi>,l hy the .liorite porphyrite. The monzonite ho.lv
though having a sinuous outline, seldom seems to send offsho,.ts of aii<
sue into the older rarbonif..rous sedim,Mits an.l associated porphvrit..^
which so larpply surround it. At three l,„.alities onlv. po^sihle eN<...pti„„-
to this general rule were ohserved. Within the augite porphvrite n..ar th.
southern Iwundary of the ar.-a and just t„ the ..a-t ..f the westerly haii.l ,-:
h^PT^^'m
'<M^mff:?f^mr'mm..
wmamm^w*i-.
umnti III nil
'iiii I
I ^ I h'ii\ii\U It
341
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
'If «<li..M.nt^. Ih..>v ,. ., -,„.,i| ,„„1 .,,,,,,v,.,„K i.„i,„.,,
innnzorut,. hk,- il,„t ,,f f|„. ,„.iKlilM„i>ii,.,- main
1-1 fiirllv -1111 iiiicl l,v
■HiMiiiiiply i^uliitcd 111,1. .*,.- j,|
<>''<.-nr wit:,!,, tlie pily limit- aiKi :il,„ii,' tlic lili-
romi n.ar th- l„,nl,.r nf th,. luiv. ,„.M,/..nit,
•'Xl.-n-IOn (>{ th,. ,nOII/n„it,. ,.; slloU,, ,11 t|„ in
stiinmit uf ('. iiti'l I\. II
«'itli the innin :iriM.
• TIh' honirr of til,. ,.,-i,iim1 iM,.i,/,,iiit,. m,,
th.' >lo|H!s .,f C. ai.,1 K. n„,uiilaiii Imt t.>war
iiiit.-r..|. ,.t urlifi
x'll.v. 'I\v.> Miiall
nifc'iti' [Mirplivrit, .
■( till (ir.'af .Vcirflicrii rail
TtM. Als,i. a t.iiiKii.-lik,'
I' a~ <\tfiiilinir iictm.^ the
nitaiii; thi- l„.|v ,. ,„-,,lmM,v .lirrctlv , „niH-,.t.Ml
I- roiii'iiil,.,| tiy drill aii.ii^-
.,. . , till' ea.-ifiTii iiiaiviii i.t' tin-
map .t may l.o s,.en to lie Mo... ,„ th,. ,..,„,a.t of tl,.- a„^rit..^«r,.l vri. ■
and the area of per,, liyriti,. ,no„.,„ii,., ,horo .x,. , Kro,,' thi po- io
P V. «,hng ..a>,wanl „.y „,1 th.. li„.i,.. .,f tl... hIi,...,. th,- li„.. of^on .„
•it Mo n,on.,„at.> w„h the „M..r for,nati...i-. swin..< an- ,„| f, ll„. , .'rth
o>. tl.r so,K>s of C. an,| K. „u,„n.ai„. whi,.h .In.p rapi.lly ,., th,- ..a-t. (),.
inhvWt"" ^"'"■."''°"' ""■ '-'"-' "'• t''^' .n..n.o„it<. with tl,.- a,i,nt..
porph>,it,. ,„-r„p.v„,p th,. >„»,nnt ,.f th,. hill, ar- a niw.ber of tuiinol.
.•omn,.^no,„K M> the porphyri,,. hut who-e .iinnp. an ,„„ipo...,| laru.-l " , ,
.nonzon.t,. h „.ni,I,| s^„,„ ,h,t the porphyriti,. voi-ani,' of C ,,„i ]<
mon„,a„, U .. ......iparatively .hallow l„„lv o,...„pyin.. th.. upper porlioi,
allj- o..t..rop, a, ,„e,.,.-sively lii,l...r \.,,.U aloiiK the -„n,h fa.-., of ,1„ ri,k,
and hnaly ocv„rs „i w!,af ap.n.ar. as a ,lik...like e.h.UMoi, ,„ p.- the to,,
'>f tl.o h.ll. That ,.<, ,1,.. top of ,h.. ho,ly a,„l a ,vMtio„ of ,1 veri,,.^ of
iu- nionzon.f,- r„ass seems ,till to he preserve,! at. this poitif. This i,le..
urmshes a reasonahle ..xph„,:,tion f,.r .', ,„-r, n f tlu- ..ompara
lively lar,.. ar.-a oft he l,..,l,l, -eri,., ..„.„..,, ;„ ,„.. ,i.,r,her„ p.,-, of th,-
nty of Ro.s=lail.l within th.> nionzonir,. an,l wlii.h pr,.hal,Iv ivpns,.,,,- a
ro,.t-p,.ii,lant. The sum,, ni,,,!,. „f orj^rin may 1... tni.. of the nei«hh,Mirint'
Mnaller, ,l..tache,l ar. a of similar ro-k. an.l al.o of the two small onfrop,
ot aiipite pon^hyrite o,i th,. lou.r ,lop,.s of Mont,. Cristo. or thev niav
represent trapments t..n, fn.iii the foniui-io,,- o,„.,. overlvini.' or <uTr.,mu\-
injr til,, moiuonite.
'The larger pari of the monzonlte ma- li, - i,, ,1„. vail, v of Trail
eiv,.k while its yreate.t eNt.iision ii, a no' ■,. •. !ir,.,.ti,.„ are ivs,„.,.(iv,.lv
lip the Center ."^tar triih'h iiikI ,,ver the ' •• ■•,,r r\- ,a-t ,.f th, sl,,,,,.^ of
r. ami K. mountain. Thl- jKi-sihle ,.,„„ •..'.tween th.. .listrihutioi.
of the mon/onito and th,. low.r lyinu' p.o-:. ■ . of th utrv, may l„.
purely fortuitoiLS hut when ,-,.iiM.I,.re,l in relation with the ai.parent eappint'
of th,. body on (\ and K. iii..untaiu ,Tn,l th,. po-sihl,. oe..„rn.|i,",' ..f n.of-
p<>ndants. it points to th,. eoiu-hision that, within at least the area niappe,).
tlie ext>ognres of mon7..niie 1 ..lonp to a ^cetio,, n.-ar the upw.nrd limits of
the body. It 1.1, nrverthi'le-. i).>ssihle that .it >,,m,. point or p..!nts, tii,.
mmzonite ..xtended on .ipwar,,^ tliroiiph th,- ,,v.rlyii;fr (■arl>..iiif,rous .on,|
prohably later rook- ami may have :ip|),.ar,>,l nt the ..irf,-,,-.. a- a v..l,:ii,o.
'r?m--: Jk'fr--"'--j^?'33?^'~'^?iwf
849
nt:PAKTMf:\r of thu istkrioii
2 GEORGE V, A, 1912
'The „roa ,.f tl„ „u,„...nit.. thu, .,,,„.„■. to nrn.-nt tl». upprr ,..r
tion of an .p.eoM.H \yAy m pla.vH .till ..app.-<l l,.v it. oW rock roof or holJi,.,.
detached portion. .,f ,t. TI,o ,„«.. i^ not Uum„^cuvnu^ hnt U <-,.,..po-,..l „-
many varieties „f what s.-ein to ho .■losoly rolutwl ty,.e8. tho earliest of
whu-h are Koneraliy th,. finest in ^rain an.l .h,rk<.«l of ,.olo„r. whil.. ll,.
later are .-oarsor. as if they had ..oole.1 n>or.. .lowly ,,.,.1 are more felU-
pathie p,.rhap^ as the result of .liff.rentintion pr<,.vsse.. In phi.-c^ ti«
intmhng yariet.es have eut portions that apparently alren.lv had «o!i.litie.l
sin<.e the l.oundane. are di.tin.l ,„id w-ll .letine,!; in other ease. th.v
seem to have inva.hMl mnss.-s still partly flni.l. sinee no ahrupt .•hanire then
separates tJie different kind-. Perhaps «,me of the finer n.a-se. represent
portions that had early solidifi. d nlonjr the upp<.r honndin^ snrfa.vs of
the ipneons mass an, .'terwards m.nk into the loner, more eentral, «ti!l
fluid portions.
' No direct evidvuee se.ined (<. he .,ffer.'d in th- field ms to th- ,netli..d-
by which the older sediment ^nd aupite porphyrite were removed to mak.
place for the monzonit.. ma*; neither .li,l tliere apK'ar 'o he a.iv in<lie.-
tmns of the nhsori.tion (if material l.y the iiionz.mite. INi-sihly t"h.> -onJ
what abrupt ehanjre in the -trike of the strata resp,vtively north and -oiit'i
of tho axis of tho ipneous body may indicate some more profound
ttructurnl break pursuinjr a j;eneral en^t and wot .lire<'tion and whi-i,
Kuided the upwar.l. i«.netratin;r maprma and {rave ri-e tn it« e|oi,;:Bte.l cr.—
section.
'The mouzonite is im.hmht.Mlly yuunt'er tlian the C'arhoniforous Neili-
nients and assoeint.d aujrif i^orplivrite. The Mruetnral relations a« -hown
on the aceompanyin>r Keolopical map. indicate that the iffnenus r.x'k wav
intrudc<l after the major .■p<,<di of di.turhan.T- wherehv tii.. -.iirroundiii"
rocks were tilted and fold, .1. The ,late of th...,. prominent earth mov.'
ments has already Ih-oii dis.'u-rd an.l the conclusion va.-hed that th,.v
probably took place in .lui-.i-i.- time-. .\s a r.siilt of tho liii.. ,,f r<.asoi,lti"
ad.ipted, it follows tl'.at the nion/. niie was intruded in th,. .[uras-ie ,,r "
later iK.ri,)d. Tlmt th,- iiitru-i,.ti t, .k pliu-e not lat.T than .Turassi.- tim,-
18 indi(.ated i>y the fa,T tluit tli.. monzonit.. i- ..ut hv tii,. .\,.ls,,n -M-aii..
diontn. It-self of Jurassic ,,r . arly fr-taceous aK.\ The dedu..tion tlmt th.-
monzonite h..,|y wa- f„rm..d in .1 .rassi,. times is stn..,^'tlu-ue,l sonuwha-
by the fa.'t 'hat witlni, th,- yreat trraiiit.. area t.,, th,. north, the X,.]-,,,,
pranodiorite at tim.., lavs-nts a inonzonitie facies. Possibly the Rosslan.l
monzonite was ..lonely . onneetf
appeared as a for.. runner ,.t it."
Mr. Connor's analysis of a sp<M.im,.ti
LeRoi mine, residted as follows :-
in orif-'in with tlie u'ramMlioriti-
of tlie Kraiiular i.-ionzonit... tak.
IIU.I
^^m:fmmm
:i:W
Hf.voKT OF Tilt rint:r isrni,\i,Mh:R
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2S<
.[linlllSI.I of I! :hhIiIIiJ I'll, Ii;.. III'/,'.
Mol
f '3 TO oil.
pi'V!' 18-Sl .is;
t-tn «•'» •«>«
i/yA ■'•20 .0:2
J{"2 -in .001
Jjtn ■•<« iw
g"^" .TW OM
H',okt"iwc:. :. :. v. *'2S ■'"'
U,n above 110°C ,Ti
p o ' • ■
k"' -10
Sub:: ;. .;.: •=" -^
" noiiK
lOO'M
Tlic I'alenliitiMl imnn ia: -
Orthiiclase .,u,.,
Albite ^J;
Amirthite fTS
Diopnide '?;*?
H,n)ersthpn» ,?;
^'i^i"^.; ■.■.:: :::: :: :: :: :: :: i.<^
J'"K"<:t'tp ^,s
Ilmenite 1 .u:
I'yrite •;.•; ;; ;; ;; ■ ■ '.*
Apatite 01
Water and CO, '..'.'.'.'..'.'.'. !' ix,
34a
AciuriliiiK to tlio Sunn clii.-siti.-atiori tile rork int.Ts lli.' suilipotiissii' Mil),
lang, inoii/.oiio.s*', o{ the iloTiiiilkiilii- niiii.'. iii..iiz(.iiM..r, i,, t!i.' d. -Mlam ••i-.l. r.
Koriiiiiiiiirf. Ac-iir-liiiK' li, tl M.-r. M ,,1,.. .•las-iti.Mtiini it i> ;, t,v|,i,-al mim-
zoiiitf.
The rluniical reliitiniii ,it' ihi- rni'k t.. thr KM.^lati-l hiiil.- au.l I . ihr
calcuhilod wurlil-iivcnit,',. i,.r iiii.iiz,.iiito ( r.'(ln,-f.| f,, loit ,„., ,,t > .,,.,. shown
in Tabic XXIII.
•{Mrw
r*ii
344
i>h:i'\nr\if:\r in- uu. i\ii mm;
I ill
■
Tabik XXIH.
GEORGt V, A 191?
TiO
Al,(>
Kh_(),
MnO
• 'ii« ).
SrO
N.i..(l,
K6
ll.o- .
ilo.
CO,
K.-M, :»,iil F.-.S
— - _
. - -— —
liir.i./f Ml'
iMlilt...
A
1 . n,.,. .,/ /
t*iptn »f
Uon:tmit>
■'"■ .VJ
1 mi
Hi !IK
.V. 2.'.
lUi
111 \H
■l •-11
III
1 IIP
1 M
II
.'< (Kl
1 37
.t Vi
V ■■(>
1 "I
'. VA
M
4 20
7 l!i
;i sii
"7
1 IS
:i ;«i
1 li.
II
1
1 It
lUi
Jii
III
SI
«<
- ■■■
•a
Km (H
!•!• -ri
100 IIO
■^tlK-l,
■ili.';
Hi-
=r?z,sr"- '" -!-;--i*?.-r-;'
Dr. bourns hfl3 Mifi^ifstoil II n.x-sil,l,. Juni-Mf. ,iir„ f„, ,i.-
Trail Nel.on) pranoiiiorir... «hi,.|, i. ..o..si,Ior,.,l l.v l,i„, „,. , it J T ,
.arly Ore;a.eo„s „. ,la,.. of intrusion; he „lsn p.>int „t tt fCv '''
■'" »' ""■ "■'■■""•■ -». -; «l::.v,'i;, ;:::";:;:„:•, ™r:r "
BVS„- MoNZ.AIlK ,M, 1[„HN,„.1A,„,K „v BkM, CkkKK.
At thp oniifliMHie (.f Hiar i-rrck wlili tl,« (•„! i ■
nrol,at,ly iv,l..ozoi,. .ohi,t« is e~l 7'' *''%'/''•'''''*>'' nv,,- a .,„all pall, „■
Trail I.atholith Part of ,I,r ; """*""' ^^ ""^' f-'"-"""' "'agmn of thr
ehet^oa.iv id t:",;^ jH;;::':: ^Ti;;;,;- "i;;:;;' --i/'T'-irr'^; '
hornbendo. hi.tito, ..rthoolaso. a.ul an,i..>i,„. .V U ^ ^'^ 'll "'""
MtSSIONAL fAPfR So. 26*
.■ii\n\trif
'■'""•t ^T.-,, l,.„nM.,„l,, M,l„.n|,„„.. .,.,'"■ ',"■"'"'"
nl,..,..i:. • I iiniM (m,i». . I |„, ,,H.,-,|, ,,,,,.:,.
lion
liornl'lcii.litr v:irit-
t'l
I III tW.l ■.|i,-,-|tM.'l
■ix-'ili. JfP.lvitv
At till- en )>».-. i I
■'"' •■•'■'II •"•111 I., ::.:;.jo
346
I !■ If •.(•
■'Ill Hi.. .;,„„
'• '111, 1. 1, .fir,..
lavas I
who roll
'■onccri
inter«>
- -^"i.i':::J:;::::\:::r'r' '-7- -r "•' -•
-";--^r,nj.,.,l. Mawkish ,r,..„ i„ ,„ , '„';'; ";." '<'■"'"'"' - '-"i- h i.
fnablo mulor t.l,.. l,nm,„.T. it i. ury ' ', l"'"l'"it.- i...l.it. Tl,.,,,^,!,
T^^'^ '•"'•k «•« iio..t,.,i i,v •■ ,.,i"; •'; ^"""'•;'"">- ■'"" --i,...i
•--V„f ,n„„pi„^thol,.„|. „r );.•;"""" 'I' " -'I »■- .i.„
'y t!.c> wntcr ..„„ld vi,i, ,),.. I„" r' " "''"'"'' ''' '"'-'■■'"■' i'-If
t .IS «(T„r,|i„p „ ,v„. ,n,„. „'l I ,'''^"»^,^""'"-^'llv tl,.. r,...k I,,,.
^•-'k-bo,|.v „,oro fullv -".I'Ui-l «,11 v>.,. ,|,.. |,„,,|;,, ,,„, ^,,,,,^. ,, ._
U:t-£:::z^^^^^^^^ .•..■ „,„„„
r'""*^ -;,.,.„,„„,;„„,.. I,,;;:" ;•,:,::: -, •- .-f-iv i.ii..,„„r,.hi,.
!•"«.<■ f.n.|,.sim.. Al., An. Apafit.. tifu i ? '•>• Ii""Im^. mm, n,,„.r-|,it,.. ..„„i
i^ the l,.vpi,ii, ,.,rphi...»rr„,n,l„r. ' ' '"'""'" '' ■ ""' ' ■'''"■ -"■■.W„r,
By tlw Rnsiwal ,„Ptli, >| fh.. i„:ri,.r,l
Hornbleide.. ..
DiallnKti.. ..
Riotite " ..'..■■,■
Ortboclase
.^nilpsine
Apatite
MaRHPtite.. .
ilviiitr.
riif prcson. ('
of iillialiii,. (, l.|<i,!i. ;,, r
■•"'^^'"'-^ ^'■■-'-.liirt::,::;,,;,;;;;::;'^''-^
'■■.K;iNj„st,..,t,.fth.. K,„U. riv.r.t C.™ V " i' •"
:i;;;; '-■';; ■.•f..!r';:;„'„':rr:;,::;::vi:r'-'
.vn.t. .,r (1,0 .v,.i,„LTr Imvm< ..f tl,. l;,,.J„„i
ifr-
8.7
13.4
7.2
•8
-4
-5
100-0
'- lll"-l,,ll (•l„>l,,i
., -r,.:,,.
ii.ill an^i, .-i ,|„.
ii"t "••11 < .\[i,,„ ,!
:",'l ,ii I -1,(1 yar.l-
i,.i. I- III,. ,...!.,.,,•
■'• ih.iii th,. Cmi-vi'II
"','■ Lrr:,,;ll,. [^ s,,
%
340
UKI'AKTUfKT lit nth'. IS'TfltlOK
2 QEOROK V. A. 1t*2
thiiri'iinhly cru-U'il un.l nliiriil tliut !»•■ I'juirt oi-iirinnl i!;itiiri' I'linnot U- ili-
i.'ovorfil from tin oxiiiiiiihitli>ri i-iliiiT >>l' ilio liilv<>- Hhnlicti iti tin- lixM or <>< tli>
Hve <*|Mciniiti<( inlUclcd lu rcfinHilil l^.■ >to.'k. 'Hn' (nicr.wiiipi- shows tdat tin
roi'lt w.m |>i'<>l>iil>ly n toiniiioii, MniliiiiiiKiMiiic(| |)iatiti' Kriiiiil' . In il- pr>>s»>rii
KMiiiuliittHl and iilliTcil riiiiilitidii it ntfiTi little ..I |^trtii;rii|iliii' liovrlty or
iiiU>Pi>st.
'I'h.' rook iB I oiirH'-jiTiiii'i (I mill now t!iif'i>.-iii'. Tli.' i.rii'iiiiil •»fiitiii
inituTiiU MMMii to liuvf I'd II nrtlioriii-c I now injcrinlim), |)lii|,'ii"'lii«i ' nr'.|,rilil\
olijfoi'lu-«'). .iiiil lioliic. 'riic nl>iiiiil;iHi -«'<oiii|iir.v luiiHTiiN iin- ni ^ irint.
niiiiM-iivitc, I'l idott', iiti'l kiioliii.
It is iNH^ililf tjirtt llii* »tofk i« II -.ilollilo iif tl'i- |.'n<"i-''*ii' biitlx li'li at ..ml
west of CiHciiili'.
'I'liMt. M\1 lioi.irii.
Ihtinilioii. -'Vhvrr Kiv Imt feu- rciioii. of tin- worM > hrn p..! Vrclicu
Kranitcs iirc cxpoMi'tl on siu'li a (:rnni| -oalc as in thi> Went lv".i.>ii.i;,' (li-tri-'t ol
Kritisli ('ohiiiil)ia. I'art ot tlio ili>trii t i- iii"hi<li'<l in liu' \\'<'^^ i.'uoti'rp
rt'Coiiiiiiis-atK'i' ..lint of tlif ('niiiuliim < >i'. logical Siirviv. a liuip •ovi rii.L' :■'•■• i<
((..lOO sniiarc iiiili'S. Mon- ilinii twi.-thinls .if tliis area i< iin licliio I 'ilf
civc" yraliifi?* prol)ali!,v ;ill i'( po-t-i 'nrl'fitufori.iM itur. Tin- wlnil' v' i' ii. ..rin
a (•oni|ioi.itr liatliolitli, in<liiiliiip varioiiH t.\|>t'i« niiii bo'liis callcil by Mr iirti. k.
VolHon ffraniti', Viilhalla jriMiiito. IJoH^Iaiol alkali jjranitv, a'kiili-».v<iii'>\ «'■.
Tlio (li'liniitaliiMi •>( tin :^c ditTinMil liodic-. h:\~ l«cii aociiMplilicil m pari
but, from tho n.ilnrt' '•( tlio -iirvcy- mi far i'iirr;i>il of, \imi •'>. worl; si i'l ninaiii
to bo (|i'in> licifuii* tin" i'iaiipo«itc liatlmlidi i» fully inrpiuvl nml it^ aimtoinv
undtTst'M.d. A Icndiiifr diflii'iilty in drawiiiK' boiindary lino* about tl.i' i-.ji-til'
• •nt intrusive bo<lii>-, is fmiiid in llir ocenrrein'o nf miiii.v ineludeil ma' 't>s it
erystnlliiie sdiisls .tnii yiieis-es wliicli nia.\ be in part I'f pre-f ■aiiiiiriaii ii;:>
but to >onip ixti nt ;i.re <'ertaiiily nielaniorplidMd po-t-< ambrioi ^ediniciil* ..r
else sheared [iliases of tbe intni^ive uranite. tbeiiwelve-. Many larp' area- "I'
schistose roi'ks nro thus imt e.i^y lo riassif.--. .\nioiiir tlu-ii i- a u'r.oii. ..|
(rneissf's ami seliists (lecnrniiiB' aloii^: the ( '.iiiiiiilii:! rivi r t'ripiii Sullivan erii K
nortlnvard. They liavo been eoloiirei! as .Vrelaae ilie WiMt Kootenay 'Im i.
altliouifh McCiiinell, vh.i e rriid on the n-('"iiiial-.s;;iiee i.f ibi.. part of tin
(listriet, states that tiies' foliated ri.rks an' larp'ly ' .•onteinp..rary in a«e k':\\,
the main jrranite area of the d'-liiet ' ir. i|ie >it ison ;:ranite.*'' The pi-..ba
bility if>, therefere. that tbe ^.-reat urar.ite b"dy snrroundinf tbe ti.vvii of 'IV:,;;
is a direct (•ffsboot of the va-; batholilh f..riMiii(; the central part of tbe \V't>s;
Kootenay ilistriet ami that, in tbe area Im nlcriiiL' tli<' < 'nLnMbia befAveen I!.il.-..i
and Sullivan •leek, it bas I'cen '■ni--lnil to t'.ii irtiei-sic cchdition Tf tbai
portion of tbe i-oni|o..ite bulhidilli ul.ieli ii.mi- a e'lilimious nia-s with ih-
granite about Trail and bil.'iu;-^ tn tbe c.ne .late of iiitnisicui. tbe nam.' ' Trail
batholitli ' inny be piven.
• Smi W<».st Kootenay sheet.
•• Marninal note on map of part of Tri.ii Crwk Mining Division. Q««ib Surv. of
Cannd^i. Proliniinary n'.ition. 1897.
■msks&mi
fiyi'oKr ny Tin: r,|,^^ isri.nsnvn! ^47
SF.SSIONAi PAPER No 25^
Of tlio liiiiulr«'(|, f .,1 „,., ,„ll.. ,, 1,; 1
-.11 ^(U.li.-. .....I- ;.. .1.; .. -; ■ . "I""" " "'■■ Iriil »fr„„i(.
. „ . ,, . y >""i-ii' tliroiiL'h i.r.--iiiv
' ":'" ""■ "'-.•r..^.op,, ,h., „ .,„r,. ,„ ^ .
r"' (n<T(i l.y itnVi-i.<.lJi„.; ,1,,.
'■''•'■""-• T! rfl
, • . l>ln>!i.H-|;l-.' i< nft.ll /,,.,, ,1 .., I
...l.,,n... n..ar At, A„ . T »u.r,.w..rs „f ,„.. ,„L „: ", ,
;ir- tl.,.„. ,.„„.,„on .., pTano.li„rit.- ai„i ,l„ „ot ,,....,1 -„..,,.. .LI .■
" " -" -etn,n„r,.hic pn-.l,,,. i„ ,1... ..;:,,;:; Xi "'.''Z'Cl'n.t'""'''**
I r.. -, ,,
■ll:,f
:■■ ...livii-
•lit..
t.- fl,.- 1
111!-, ill (ft"
- -.f
• .,1
' 1- flir
-II il
"lil-f i>
■(>• r,
rMi'K-tnii
■tiir.
Hum
^ ..,.i.-.i fro.!. ,;..i„;.;„ ■•;y,r- Z,JT " , '""'•"""'
.1'/.»/vm\- of ■„:i„c.i!.,>r;/r. Tniil l.„H,ol,';,
SiO,
TU),
AI.O. ,.
Fr.'), .. ,
Mn.- ,
Mr:..
<■/<-.
K,0.. ..
n,o a )•,••■
iliO Aio'fc ii; -I'
P.O.
Sp. Rr
Ciili iilutcl .i,,r:n;
Qiiiirtz
OrthocIaM'.. ..
Albite
Anorthito
Diopside
MaRnetito
Ilmenite
Apatite
Water
M..!
h^JOR
loa-i
•73
•ftOft
i6-in
• iti.'t
!•.«
■im
3-72
•»5I
•II
■001
2-«
061
5-30
•09')
•«3
•«t
■m
.TIN
■t>V2
.■(•'."I
•035
'l*>
i-nn
•:io
■(*.'
JOO-47
27M
15-48
19-t6
27-2S
2119
•i-m
13R
lit!
l«0-06
348
iih:i-\ni\if:\i nt nif: isthridk
■ill
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
rii<> mode (Itosiwal iiii'thcid) i. uppnixiiimtoly :
Quarti o:;,0
Andenine og.]
Orthoclase and niicrocline 19,0
Biotitc ...!...... . 13.4
Hornblende ' y,,^
Magnftite '^
Apatite .,
Titanite j
Z'>^° ■ '." trace
100-0
In the Norm olassiKcatioii tlic rock fiifi>r> the ^oiii|K)tii*ic siihrnii«,
harzose, of tho alkaHcalciu rang, toiialusc, in the ddMilatif onlor. aiHtriir. ;
nithoiigh the ratio of potasl. niolcoulcs U soda inolocuh-i is very (•h)*.^ to the
limit separating harzo--e fro.ii lonaloao. Aox-ordintr to tl hh'r .hissificntion
the rock h a basic granodiorite.
rhc average epecitie Vi-avity of four fresli .spocinums of the ruck is -JUU.
Tlie dominant granodioritic fypt^ often passr.s pr.idiinlly into a inoro iici.i
biotite granite or hornblende granite in which the fehlspur i> .•hictty orthochi-r
sonietimi'3 niicroperthitic. Tiioso types sonictiniea form stroiiks in tlio main
body l)ut arc chiefly dovGlop(>(l in the numerous aixiphv-.s. They furnish a
transition to tiie very abundant aplitic dikes, also niHinhysnl from the hiitholitli.
Many of the larger apophyses illustrate the differentiHtion of two quite difTeront
rocks in the same fissure. T\„- middle part of ea.di of th.s,. dike> is .•,„npos,.,|
of granodiorite or hornhlenilc-hiotitc granite, whih> along ™cli wall, u /.one ot
splite. KHidually passing into the more basic rock of the middle zoiu-, is devel
oped. The feldspars of the aplite an- orthoelasc and niicropcrthitc, with acces
-■ory oligodasc-albitc. Quartz and a little biotite are the rcnmining essential-
"'he aplite zones make up oiu'-quarter tt) one-half of these apophyses. Other
dikes are ciimpose<l entlwly of ihe aplite. Tts eompo-ition and s|«'eitie gravity
(•2-592 for one fresh speeimeu) closely reseiidije those of llie yeurig( r Sliep|i;inl
irranite fsiwc. grav. 2-60() — 2 fil7).
Differentiation in Place.— \t the Imtholilhie .•„ntaet where it crosses the
railway hn-.neh between Trail and Hos-liwid. there is a large body nf relativeh
aei<l granite which is regarded as genetically eonneeted with the granodiorite
The body measures about ^0() yards in width. The confi-cts are hidden and li
is uncertain whether this more acid rock repres.'uts a c.iutaetphas,. ,,f tl,,
batholith or a slightly later intrusion. The giru-lure of the smaller l.odv I-.
so far as known, lhr>u«hout porphyritic and the balance of probability is in
favour nf its b.ing a late difTerentiate of the hatholilh and intruded into th,
/one of contact of the granodiorite an<l the voh-anies. The microscope >how-
tluit the por,diyritic ro<-k i> an alkaline l.iotiU' liornblen.le gninite. The pheno
erysls are ort.hoclaso (sometimes mieroperthitic), o|igo,lase. biotite. and horn
I'letKh'. The ground-mass i- typical urauopliyr.v \ Httl,' !iia(.'iiet!t.- -.wl
apatite are aecessory.
•2-ia. \.,l
/i': ■ 'A'
HI I'lii.T or I II
I I nil / I v/
/.ON II \lllt
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
340
111
U
i'- 1-ImcI lilt,
stjrrcjriitioi
I- Wlli.'h
Lilly 111
111 llu- Km I lh,it I, 1„
mUglllU flOlll whirli til.
(.lie I'.L.i
round, uhimi
<'ompii>.iti<iii. 'I'lifv
and ill the lirld l.av
tion i-liiso !)v. Tl
i|'l'.:ir !■• I,.- till
III'-- l>T|'liyiv iy-l:illl
III iiiMxiiiniiii .li,,ii,,.i,.,., ;ui.|
II--- ..)■ a .link -
th,
'■'■' in-li-^'rii
I
i'< dltfi'r.-iiiiaii
'.•.1. 'I'!,.. „.^.,
■''.iiiiiitriy i|L'ii
ir. till. -..■rjin. .:
'•I.iso oy. I Ills WHS, iii,l,.,.,l.
a|.pi-:iri,iir,. ,,f !i-;i;j-,,i,.|,|.
t-n, .,ir ii„
Tmih til.
■iii|i i.-i
it WHS tliirp r.'
lasic M'trri-jrntioiis. M
of I
tho
'•ryst« of .iithi
•offiK.'.t.,! tliiii til.
til'' tc-itjti,,. li,.],!
im.' l.iin
-Mlall n::l-
lia.j al-.. all
int.-r|irotaii..ri. iihliou-l.
-■oriT.'i one.
Ii.' i..,-k
i<T..-.'.,|,i,. >|ii,lv ,1i..w.mI thai tl
1- -"Ill.'Hilal
liara.-i. n-ii. -
ion is ;iro|iulih
be -eon. T
lo m-i.iiii.j-iii
I" ni.ynti.-, ui
:;'-'..M-. .\„ f,
»■ liittor
'li iiia.'li alt.Ti.i 1,1
prisms inilicilded i
fi'W .s.idiidiiiio fold-
abundant iijinlit. ii
11.
1- a Mill-- Mf
Illl.'llli'T> -t
M >iiia
par.; 11111
mil r, I Ilia! .•i-\ .i.U ,,t ,,ri||,
Tiih
y I..
.\ ::l
Willi \v
till.
;l.l.n
lii.-li
lii' tii.iiiili
■ nd kiioli
tl
II nio ihi
Miiiiut,- pri-iiis ail- till
U' ■•i.iMi>ositi.,ii and ir,„t ..f
roiiTiiit'd iind
to rpprc-ont
aplit
oiiiliavii
a lanipro|ihyrir
H' (JTMinito p.irpliy
.•oiic|,iM\ iiiiiiiTal . Til.
-iruiiiifal ti-iliiri..
'Ollilios Ml-^i -I .iUl-TlIt
dorivativ.- ,,f ih,. y,
• f.
I't'r. i;ali..i,, 1,
d' lyi.ioal
. -in. I.. I.,
n- . tini-.
\i^'(^lf.
Till
to the other
'•asc but it
I'oio of tlio ilitfc
perhaps fruitful
IS Worth vvhil
ry 111 wliicli t!
mitiali.
loy ill- \..,u|.
>• to piiint out th
in<- wi.cro iii.i-iiiMtic ditVciciit-
!'• ros,.r[.ti,,ti. Tli,.y s,,.i.|
■■III 'di.irit.' aii.l the illii.,,-!
. i-Mi-r. -p. ill, I
;ivi-ii t.i tln-
■'■---il.j,. :,,i.|
'II that \\
■lo -'mly ini.l, (,, I.,
alily a, an ia>i!\
Sliatlcr-hell -T'ln
i'i"ii in pla
lal clisturbi
rruil i.atln.lith ill
tl
le intnisimi ,,1 st.
It IS tllK
lice- which arc .s^, i-liaiact.
ii-ti'ii'os i.n
a >:ri ai
broad but
(Plato
Anierloan .1
and
and bathoji
li-play.-.l a|.
Ill-
'111; ih.
ma
I) ^hoet X,,. >.| 'l-lil.; I
n-ti.-ally |irodii.-.d in
Till- -haltor-bclt i- M
<a-iiTii si. If .,r
lii.' (■
oiiiJial ol S.'
to in the fiilhiM inj.- tl
]«;. l!Mi'
oh lias h.iMi brirllv d.--.rib.-<|
lilt ir.-i'haiii
' • ry r. .I'ks In
.'■' iiiisnnlly
lull , ia 'iVif
intrusion
S.i r
ii'orcli.'aj i-hapti'i-
p. !-'•'!), and will b,
XVI. 1
'ii llio ni(i'liiiiiii> of
111 '111'
ai-'aiii r<l'iTri-.l
iiriii
ar a> .'b-cr,ed within tl
th.- Trail batholith i
i'- ti-n-iiiili- licit
tioii tiian in tl
that
lo way of ri
more ,s|rikin!;l.\ . vi.l,
xoiii,.i|,l,n. iiii;.,,,,,
'•ry^tiilli/iiii.' t
It IS praotioally im[«,s<ihl
10 inva.i.'il r,
till- loriii ol 111. •.•haul. Ml .li-r'i|.
Ol
intrusi.'ii from tlio.-e pro.linvd bv li
ii-tinmii-h the thiTiual ,-\\.-
ii- roa-"ii i,.r i|
prpviuii-ly atfei'te.! the tr
and the present oitiii
amphibolites)
up-- Vet
II- lioiuy ioL'.iui,al
a 1- j.r.'l.abl,- thai tl
nM-laiii..rplu,iii w\,.\,-\^ h,
losilion iif the li..riiblin.le-|.
I.- -ir.'ii;.' -,■
ll-t.'-!t(
part, inlieritai
lloiniiiK t'l." irran.'dlnri
if tl
iho w.-t ,,f
ami -.-li
Near the (Viliunb
le "■"nta.'t-iiietaiiu,rplii-ii
'a.vw.'ril are.
m liirL'i t
I'i- dikes nf
Trail it i-
la river lontaoi north
niiinziiiine jnirphyry ai.il .,f
lit by .like- ..f la. ruble
■I Sayuarl. th,- l,a!ii..litli
•ainptiinit.-. ()i, th.
>i'"'tite frabbr..
Ilv
S60
i'Ki'\in \if:\T OF rut: /.vrp«/o/.'
fi'
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
< '<)M;uiMKii ^ii; VnHM \ rmss
»•
BecM.,s,. ot th,. extni„«.l.v rar.- ,rr..,a , „f wat.r-lai.l ,l,.p„siis i„ ,|„
r{o8s .,n.i m..u„,a.nv ,1„ d.^.ovory nf ..,-MHf.,..„„ l„.ri/o„.,nnrl<..rs i., thro,,..;.-
out the inounta.n «n,up. a tiel.l ,>r,.l,!..m ..f ,|H.,.i.l .liHirnlty. Inr ti,at r.J„„
certain small pat.hes • f .•o„p!.«prat.. will, -an.l.v an.l simlv iMt.rl,..,!- wl,i,l,
rnay y,el,I useful f,*MK i»T* ri. parti, ,:ar .- u-u -, of ,1„. „.„|,.t,Ut ,,1,,,
attempN to unrf.,^tan.' "h, -r^^-,...^aI ,and. ot :l,i. r...i.,n. Four M„all an!
quit.- d.tache. „r.^ ,1,^ ..ouKl.MM.rat.. ap,» .,r uirinu tl,. l!o„n.)arv l„.lr
those will ho dcacril-*-.- m ..^.W tr..ii, ,.,,-1 f., «■ -t.
Uo„>itomerate at LaW Mountmn.-On,- mil, ihwest <,f I.ak.. Mountain
sinnrnit. a j-afh ot tlu ni:l,.m* r,t,. , , ,,np uWmt a fhir.l of a .qnaro in,!,-
has been niapM by M<'('...uu.ll ..n.i r- trav.-r^.J l,v th.. writ.-r Th.- rock is tlipr,-
-hiefly a .-oar-.s niassiv nK'ion.frut.-. .lin-ing a! „i av.ratr.. an^rl.. of Ml t,,
'tie tiorthea-t a.i.l showing' an apparent th: Kne>« of ab.,/ .MX) f..,,t I'l,,. nu,-
■.i tran.^tc.i hy an -rosion-SLrfa-... >„ that 'm f,,, j. a nuninMin. thi.kn..^- at
the Wality At no p.,int was the .■ond..n.,.rat,. f„„„.i i„ a,twal .unta.'t uiti,
the K.,88lan<i v..I.-;,nics which surround it Th.r.. are t«„ ,.o-il,ili| i.^s as to th,-
reI,«non hefvv.v,, the two forn.ation^; m ml,„n,rat- nu.v „v.rli.. tlie v,.i
eam».-9, a^ iK.stuiati-,! by McConi».ll. or ^-^.ndiy, it niav nprp-t.. a pn-vol. nii.
eom^ora-rate fonninp a knob whi.'h u,,- tir^t bun.'-i un.l.r ^\^.■ lava^ aii.l «'inr,
o»«>vere.l by their .Imudation. Tl,.. .-hoi,-,, between th.«. alternativ,..s is
B«« ensured by any known fact. The .•..mpunitiv..,v .,« ii,,. -.ifrB,.st that flu
test VR.w IS Tij*. correct one. At the -amc -irac. th.re an- „. lava-fra«Micn!-
•oiong the p««,le.s of the (•..nKJonMr.-,:, . w^:,.h arv com)...s...| „f .rr.,v in.i
Swenisli-jfraj qnart/ite. silicioiis ?r.t. v,.i, ..uartz. phvllit. . :n„i -lat." '\ i,.,v
kadly alterwi pebbles of a roek like jrranii. -». also prex-nt.
Pra.;Li»ily al! of the n.ut..rial ,.b««-v. i„ the p,-W>l.- cnl.l liav.. 1m., n
derive Irtmi the Pako/.oic and pre-l'ami.nan t. rranes n.c.v ..xp..s-.l i„ th.-
Selkirk r»a*e. twentr-five miles to the ea>fwar.i: in .!„. ahseii. f ;,,.v ..th. i-
known s-arpe, that niace ..f orj^iu *p,H.»r- probubl-. The ,i,"bhl..s ar. ,.f ,l|
si!«s, up to the di^ai..t.^r .f f,ne f.mt. They ,,re ,.f r,..m,!.,i. sul.ar.Kular an.l
angular ^apes. !n pla,*,-^ r.hf de|«.s,! approximates a tr^. br- ia in »pix-ir
ance. Th.- itnp«^«t ^ ut 4inK. am,, in ad.liti..«, tn- p,.nerailv tuniultu.iu-
aKjrresratmn t th.- fw44,l^ sugrRcst n,p,..; ,}..,«..ifiou. a., if by a rapi.l mountain
stream. Sm«l! irr^Krular ie-.=.e!. of ,rt- sand-tor^- an.} L-nr i,.nn th.. „uK
breaks m the i**3.1y mas* simitar aren«-...Mi- uiab-ial •n,mK..,.s ,hc ,...ni. iit
of tke conKlom.-r.,.,-. whi-h i> al-o <p,no 1 ^.-hly ft m^ •!...,,,. (»„,. dik.- ..f b-.-i.'
andesit.. or iaf u- icharncter n, - .l..tem.n.si . a.«i :. =«r.. . M,ap,H.d) aiw.pbv-;-
of the Sheppar.! «rani*e cut the .oiKJ.wtiente.
Co„gl(m«r^ *t >.*.»*i« .»/o*.»t/tt-„.--A ,e,.,M v,^ „f ,...„rse .-onKlomerat..
.30veni« a ^uar- mil ,r mop-, ^^n.s rfct >m^., ,.f S.,phie mountain at tl„
Internationai hr- I,, struetiwe. «ize f pehbles. a.i.j .-..miHwition this r...>k
resembles the «. nglomen,^. at 'Mik. ni- •:»f.i.. r.T> , :..m I-, t,,it h. r.- ll„ ;,■ an
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
than at L..ko nunrnta,,,. Tl,.. ,...„,<.,„ i, „...,.„■..,.,„. 'l 1„. -,„„K V'^.' ;;;;!:
trom MX mrb.s to tuo f. , t in .l,i,kiu-. ai„l an- u,^^,v
irroat ,|,,ian..o on tl«. o„t.r,.,,. O,,., ;,„..,lr...| vanls n,„tlM.
!iionMm..nt a he<] of -„n.l.v .I,,.!,-. .■..„tal,.i>,^' ' p„orIv „■■,
.-avos, was found. Tl,,.,. .,l,-,.„r.. i..,\U „. r, .A.nn,,,,! I,
who rt'fu.rtecl as folNuvs:
•Tlu. impivsvion ,.f ., |,,.,f i ,,.,i„lv ., V, rv I
opinion ni^.n, and tli.- ditli,-nllv i. • Mi,.|>li>Mt,-.i l,y t',.
of suporimp..s,.l l,av.-. All I r-.n^ ,1„ ,, to „,:,k,.'a ^..,v wi,
very .-un'tnl .■xannnati..n juid o,n>id«T:ifi..,,, | ,,,„ ,,„.,,„
a-I
iT\r.| I
l'r..f.-
,..!■ ..I,,.
IT. .--in
f th,
leave-; are thosi' of I'lnui.s siie( insn. Si\\\,, 1
l!'.'i!iilar\
!vl,..|Mn,,„-
r.nliMlL.u
1.' 1 1 mi:
^ iiiipi. --ion-
-■M. --. Al'l. I
|.. 'liink III.
rreet, th. n the ii>fe is Tertiary and i il,|.v Mi,„.,.|h
ihi- delir^siiiKii i,,n i- :if mH
•,.i-r,-,.|.
Mr I..
!h- -;iim.
'I.I n..t lliMik
lin.l till ..p,.,-i
l»- ■•idleeti,,,,
lid ill. ?nalri\
Up
it eaii he Cretaeeoiis. A-s iniin«- iliis fjiie-s i., i„.
men to be qnite in liarniony uith -peeiin.-n- ii
from t'oal prully, ^ine,. m l.nth ei,>.- the -j irs i.
has be<.n similarly nietain.irpln.'.id;
At the Honndury n,„nnn,. nt ilie ,.,.,„!„„„.rMi,. dip- i,„,|,u,.„ „ ,,, ,
angle of ;;i Seven hundre.l ,v;,rd. to the imrtliw, >t of tlie inoniinient .
vyas agum detonnin«d on »nndy interealation, as sn^ ,„ ,i„. s„„,l„.,., \i„„,,
the \elvet mine wagon-road the avrage dip i- alioiit ::, S j.) Tl,.- „i,,„d.-
Iffi ,. i'"* '': °"/ ""* "^ '*'" """^ive.es- of tM nglonoTati. v.r.
difficult to detemuno. but these reading's -uffi.-e to .h.,w that the e,ini.do„,..r..t.
has oe<.n greatly disturbed. The ex,Hi.ure. .,n- not .utKeientlv .-oiitn.noMs ,„
warrant u stateimnt as to the thiekness of th ingliMneiate; j, i.. ..rtninU
a heavy deposit. |Hissil,ly ,, thousand or mire feet thu-k. .hut -o,,,!, ,.f tl,..
monument it is >.*n. at one i.dnf, to I,., apparently resting on the older IJos.],,,,,!
volenn.eH and 111 spite of tl„. g..neral la.k of -:„i,f.etorv taets ,i,i. p.|.„i„„
^ai. s,.aroel,v U> ,io,il,ted. At one horizon a iM^-foot am.vgdaloidal
How of angite-biotite latite is interl)...|.led will, the ....nglom.i-,,!..
At monimn.nt 174 th.- .-..nglomerute i- ,.„t hv s.'veral dik,-^
Inotite monzonite porphyry in e.niipoMtion -in.ilar t,. the th.u i„.t
and t.. latite oocurring on l;..,ord iii,.untaiii ridge to tl... i,..rll,war.i
(•on„lomrra'r Ar-,, „t Mo„u,n.;,f IIJ.-VW ,|,inl o.-iirr, i,,-. .i ,..,„ul,.-
merate wa.s found on the IJoun.Jary lin.. at monun,. nl IT.', a ,li,,an,... of tiv.-
miles west of the Sophie mountain ironuni.Tit. Th.- -.tratiti.-.l de,>o.sit forms
part ot the roof of an irregnlur intrusion ..f synite pbvrv which will 1,..
d..^..nl,e.l on a later rag.'. Kn.sion has gr..atly l.rok..,, that r,.,it s., ,(,„t the
■•onglomerate ..rops out now in the f,,rin of a i„in,h..r of ,|,.ta..he,| Mo.-ks whi,-l,
arejippurently m..m..rs...l in the porphyry. The largest hlo-k measures -.M) iV-ol
.y ...0 fw.t in gr..un,i-plan. Abo.it l'<n. f,.,., of thi..kn,-,. i. r..pres,.nt..,l in this
heaviest n.a-.s of the ,.,i,g|o,n..rat,.. The Mrike of the b,.,ldi„g i, N. ;50^ \V.; the
Jil>, -s N.|... I he ....nglom.rat.. ;- .....rh hr iat,.,l in .,.|-«vst „,ne I0()
-ill ' '.) or
.'! .lUglt.-
■rielltioli,.,!
362
in:riinvi.\r m iiii i\ri:itn>n
2 GEORGE V. A. igi2
'■'|.>vi;„;u...l »iil, M,„,il ,|n,-,rt/ vins. This frnrfnrint'
ci-ii '■"mi'rii|i..r;nh
with till- iiitni>ion of thi>
l'<M't wide, and ili,. /,„u- i-
iif tlic i-iiiikIoii:ci'.iIi- iiin.v
porpliyry.
'I'lu- <-(.Mi;i,,nicnil.' i~ i„,| „, .,,„,.„, ,, ,1 , . ^ ■ •
.»•» .1.1 ...rri... , ,. ,„„.,,- , , . '•,"■:' ;'' '"V;'"" '" '."" .", ■.•1"
'-.;.;...: :l:".;::, ■;;:';';: ::;,,;:-,:::r;;':;;il::;;';,-:i;:,,'' -
""-""■M..n, 101. ,I„. U „larv " ,^ X: Xl, V' " '"^""■', "-'' •"
.•ov..ri„t. nl„„„ „„,.-,„„„,..,• „!• „ .,M.nr, nil,. • ' ', , "T"", '•■■"^'"•"-'•'" ■
'■•on, tia. Ko.-laiu! l-,v. ii, V ,'• ""'';-"••'■ "'"--f probably ,|,.riv..,|
Bl.WKH MOI NTMV (iu,.|;i'.
. e ,,K.,...ta„. .n,at.d b..tw«.n li^-avr ..,.,.,.|., and Sal, , h't n . a
■■t .1... ^..^„n and h„rt Sh.ppard railway. A. a result „f his work ho hL
tnapp,,d a portion nf rhe vol.ani,. r.,cks of tho df
'livisinn. the 'Boavor >fountain Voh-ani<- (hour
tho rr"ii|»
" " "" ' i\i'(i|(.na>
district as bclonjrinj.'- f. a ^ptvia.
ip-' A very brief dj-M-ription ot
!'i.'r(tinal Kxpiaiiator.- .V.,t.., on the W. st
Kf:''oin- ',y rll^: , ,m:t r.ri!u\.n,n{
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
353
Sh-et of tho Cann.Ii,.,, ( ;....l,.„i,,,I Snn.v l,„>, ,
The»e rocks .-onsmt ..f U.ls „f .„ i,,... ,„,f, .,,„,
^urrouniliny R.saliiii,!
iiptx'ar to ho r.iinpnnitivclv n;
volenti li'H.
Th,
Ulli.-li
(ilnry
niiiutitiiiii-; niiiv
of till
V(.lii|t
'111
ilftiiiiti
-iti
liiKrrI from th.' U
rucks are oi-ciiHunnlly iiiln.TnliziMl
tinri ,.f
>"<■ 'It.''-, il t'h fii.
iissix-iiitpil sidinipiifiirv
"II III.
til »nri|i
iiia|i.
Til- I!
■ if i;,r.
■ I,., I I,
rli" till'
^ill.iwii. tiny
inl nil. I (»1,|
tTirrii-
111 ill
1 r M
'Xfi'iil.' Mr. [ir.M'k
I'liiilniii \i.l.
Ill !!)f»l', tl
lie pn-'t'iit wrld'r.
verscij tlifse mmintaiiis, mukI,
lie Wii- struck with llw rplat
lillli.lll tll.. I<lli,wl,..|t;,. ll,.
1111 illilc|.lll(l,.l,t cXillllilinli
It Mr. l;
IIUII-
tra-
rnck>
i.oiit n-
ivcly rcrctit
yiiiin),',T t iiin
■liver iiioniitniii iiml li
iipp<:iriiiii-c of tl
I.iIm- Mr. lir.M.l.
pp<'tite(l
iiiiiny 1)
rccofrnitioti of
'll I'v i\uiu- jii.stiti,.,!.
if ih
11 r>"'
"'■•I' onviiii (•(! tliiil ill
pyr.
l:i-li.
i'iM'|>->iii!? till- t.
-Ill
r.port. To flit
:iiii| Mt. liM.'k"
lliillvisji.Il ,,f tJK
pi'-al
It I
■hill)
lire w.irkcr-;
• Briivpr \fiinntnin vul.
if iho coiiiplcx which
in the vicinity df 15,
in th<
noinpncl.itiirc
"ii-i.|iT:il.I\
'ii|>. Tlii-
li-trict it
111 Ill|>lcx 1..
iilopfcil i„ th
iinic -riiiip" 1.,. (xtcinh.,!
pr.ip,-,.,| f.
i(< present
IJosslaml viil'
lire ciiiiti-iiipor;
'I'iiver iiiiiiiiitiiiM
the I
Tl
with tli.isi
1)0 .1
!itiic ijriiiip.
iminislied as tl
"illiin the ten-niile helt.
le urea n-i-rilieij t.. th.
lilt th
iva- mill |n r,
i-vii typienlly
separated. It will fak.
factory deliniitntion of tl
lie viirii.iis patche.i „f the T
'iilij tliii- in tl,, I',,),
Ih
■everiil se:i.
the dense forest
he ymiiiirer niid ,ihl,.r
lis of speciiil wc.rk t.i I,
•caver Aloiintnin rucks
cover iiiid the all
Mlllil
a hunt
not forever prevent this de-ircd
iiost infiniii.K
. f till
in ll'
striiciiini
'I'lie IJeaver .Mi
ii'iilipiiif,'.
ditlii
twenty simare miles in tl
under-tood that the hound
Mintmn u'ronp is shown on the nnip
lie northern p.irt of tl
Ik' teii-
ilc h,
'Verint,' :ili.iiit
silile to tell wh,
iries arc very roughly drawn, f,,r if
■r to the older porphy
one inisscs from the yoiinfrer rocks eitl
It
iftet
i- I., h,
1 iiiipos
rit(
id otl
her to the latitie mass
Sedin
er voh^anics ,,f l'p enston. like tV
ith the volcani
lenls. — In this area tw<
patches of water-laid .last
riilway near the water-tank at I
cs, are mappe I. A Miiall outcrop ,,f them al-
ii's conteinporam
Mountain sediments. Tl
lielded shales, and >rrii.\
Tl
"11 till
!iese -triitn mav l»
liey consist of l,|;„-k i„ d:irk
Ih-d the I!
.\
niussive con
.n of C
ph
and frreciiish. thi
■inerate (jfraniti', ipiart/.
Ideil I,
lirnvii till, I
ampion station. The .sand
an.
• piitc inii.ssive sni
iifv
iiasses of ash-hods and e«
ndstones nfi
I.I.I.I
liiati
iUt Jll-t
•'11 frradiiate int
e wfflemerates, alternatini; with
, 1 ,. , . ~ "f-Re iin lilies, ai
l.asalt ami anpite andesite. The shale.s ami
Pliiiit St. ms and loaves hut no fe.ssij of ,1
than 1.000 feet ..f the sed
er.ip-
typieal. thi.
vi-ieiihir ll..«
nd sun.lstoii,'
Ix'iir friiKiiii-nts of
lUKTiostic value has h, , n f„un.l. .\T
l'i"ii station eastward into I!
inients are exposed in a s,,-ti,,i
H.th and var.v from 13° to "2
toward the tor. of the ?tratifi..d's.'
leaver mountain. There the .lips are
1 riiniiinir from Cli
-'.-.a-vol.
ii— 33
st.'openin,
h.
ll.
f.f
■ monnlaiii i-
p.irou- iiiiil(.-it,.
vayn to the
■ihI,.,|.
;|
'■ I M
t • V If If
864
hKi'ARruKST Of rut: isvkrioh
2 GEORQE V, A. 191.'
thicker ma-ses of airjrlomcniN'^ urn iiitirU ddiil witli llw -luil.w uikI .iiiiii-.|..iii-
'I'Ih' relations an* Himilur to those of tlic ^^l'><o/uic• shiilrs otul sunilstoiuw whp ii
ilip miller flio Snpliic ni(.iint:iin-.\l;iM.' inoiintaiii hrncia at f.ittle Slwop cin 1,
Th(^ ohnrartcrH of fcdiitu Mt«i. lava-i, and p.vr..il:iNtic,* are ul-o -utttt'-tively lik.
tlioie of tlie foriiialinnn ut thjit fo-silif, roiis lo.'alitv, 'llii^ aRflonicrati'- iiif- r
ficddiil with suiid-toncs and shale in the iiioic- -iulherii of th.> t\v.. «<Mtiinenl;ii\
areas, i.i . at thi' sonth end of the loiijr Heaver Moniitaiii rid^e, carry u few
sninll fracmont^* of white inariilc> whirli i^ like il,.il in file Sophie nioiintaiM
ntrjrioiiiprnte. Then- i» thus gome jrronnd for referriiit; the lieavei i i>itnin
Sediments and voleanies to tho Afe^oznii-.
In none of the travorsi-s made, either l.> Mr. Hnpck or h.v the wriler. li;i-
it proved pos-ihle to cn-trnct a trnstworthy loinninar s,.i'ti(.n of these r<iel;<
The pronp is preatly di-ordend hy faidtinn and hy the intiiisi f dil<i - an!
sills. Tlw preate-t. diftic idty wa<. li"Wever, due t.i the lack of ,ufTieientl> e,.M-
fintious exixisiires. It is known oiJv that the eia-tie roeks ar.' ..f the nolalle
thiekne-4 of over 1,0()(I feel and that they eoiifonnnhly nn.lerlie n ureat fhi.k
nets of lava and nsso'-iafed pyroelastie material. .\ll thi-se rink- have l-.n
upturned and dip at all angles up to that of W . The strike i- liiyhly vjiiaMi
Vohdhiis. — .'„■ far as known. iIm' lavas of the frroiip heloTif only to the i'
rolaliMl S|K'eies. niit'it aiidesite or olivine-free hasalt. and m larRest part to tin
former .s|K>ries. Thi- ..jrjrlotiierates and nsh-l)eds. whi<'h are exposed on a ftreat
seale. are ( ietly .noeuniniations of the same liasii' lavas in pyrocdastie eoiiilili..i:.
hut aloiifr with tliose fratrii.ents there oieiir v.iriahle amounts of hlaek shal.-.
shite, and pray sandstone, with a little vitreous ipiart/.ite and white marhle.
IVtrojrraphieally. the andi-site and hasalt are indistiiifriiishahle from the same
tyi«'s where these were ohserved in the area mapi«'d as underlain hy the
liossland voleanie (rroiip. Xotv itlistandiuK the pri>found di-lurhnnee whieh the
Heaver Mountain roeks have suffered they are seldom or never s<diistos(> •■ -
any eonsiderahle area. Th<' i. etasoniatie (dianjres are rarely so preat aa i"
ohseiiro the triii nature of the lava~. ihoupli the extreme freshness of tlic'
Miocene lavas west of Midway was not ohserved in any thin se.'tioii cut frni
ln.se rooks.
Sill I'f Mill <lnA\m:.
One of the youiipest inlru-ives ..f the Selkirk and Columhia ranpcs is alka
line hiofile pranite, whi<>li forms ;, snail >t..ek at the head of Sheppard creek,
there lultinp the older traps of the l>;os>land Vn|eani<- proiip. This acid type
may. for convenient reference, he named the Slieppanl pranifc. The sane
pran-te composes a larpcr >foi'k south of Lake mountain, a small lenti<-nlar iiia-
m !ir the -ummit of that mountain; also a stock ami some larpr. dikedike nias-e-
..11 the lower I'eiid D'Oreille river, as shown on the maps. In all tho IlmH. -
the pra:.ite is p.<nerilly i(iiiti' uniform in eliarai-ter and tin' followinp descrii
tioii of the roc-k. wher itcruppinp at the head ..f Sheppard creek, will sul!;. ■
for nil of the occurrenies.
i.i.iitur nh lilt: I nil r \^i ii,,\t,MiK
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 26.
Tl,..
800
I 111' siM'c'iHc (.Tuvilics i.r tlii.i- ii-...!, .. ;.
f..ll..wiMKPr.,,;,.rfi,m.:-^ >rr. «„„,„„■, ,„..,,,„.,, x,, ,„
s.n . . ,
Tio,. . . :: (nt
Al.(» o/i
Ki.O... '. . I.) »►(
I'VO sj
MnO :■<;
Mk<) '.■. ",
CuO IJ
SiO Kl
BaO ri..iii'
Xa,() II. 11.'
hV» •■Ml
H.O lit IIO^O.. t ■«<•
H,0 ab..\.. UnH- "-I
P.O. •;. ;: <i:
in
Sp. Kr ,
-' WM)
I 111' .•iil.-iiliilcl II. .rill i-:
'.lUiirtz
(•rth<«'lu.»c'
All.it.- '.'.'.'.'.' .V .'.
AiHirthito
t'oruiiiium \\
Kypersthene
MiiK'n'titf \\ \\ "
Ili'iniilite I. .
.Apiitilc
Wul.T
III! I., u' 'ii:.
M.'l
I .'>.,,
I-.':
11(1',
INI.'I
Mi
■(l"i«
•lilt
001
10. ".0
•xm
>ha
2-04
■••JO
■<a
•It!
:il
•111
ili::!
ill 111.' Xorii: <-his.-;ti.-iiti..|i !!■, p.. U .-III
-I .111- |H'ralk..Ii.. nniK. i,'. hi... „, .1,,. , ■. ...l",, ,.„,,„„|,;,^
1.1 till' ..lilcr rlii.ssitiralinii > ■. mm
I .<■ ii.ini: cuiiii.it (litlcr nm ' '
<'>timiito«l.
Till' .^hcpimrd Kimiil.' i-|, ail
••■\< .-III.-- III,. .u.lip.itii.s.Mr Miliniiifr. alii^-ko.'^c.
'•II"' "i-'liT. i-.i|iiiiil)nr,'. A. r.lin^'
lii"- I'i.itit.' trraiiil,'. F„r tl,i\ ro.-k
'■'"" ""■ ■ • ^'lii'-li liii.- llMn.f,,r t |„.,.„
- ^. t).^ Trail .,. ,i,.,.„.: Z^ ":: '::X!^::::'-fr- ""• "■""!''
I'.ia -viil. il— J.M
m
366
itfr\i;nih \ I or III I niiinm;
2 QEORQE V. A 191:"
I'lTlmrv, 'I'lir ({iciii rr-iMiiMaiii ,■ of ilii- ^TMiiid' ti> tin- ii|i|jtii' \y\«- iipii|ili,v-.il
from the 'I'lllil lllltllnlilll •.ll».'«l--|i ,1 ill.ll.' l DIIIIIM-tinll l.l'IWl-l'll llml l.:llllnlilll
litiil till- ■ rkn, lis if til.' liilKT a.-,' -.itri if.M fr tlif furiiiir. ill tli«' HiiiiK' fii!.lii..ii
iw tl». S;.ii;iiiit HtiMl-.s, L.^t (rc-'k Ixxl.v, in. I Ituiikir Mill stick ,iri' •iiti'lllii.'
to III. frr.Mil Hii.vi.iirif li:iiliM|iili. Y,t it i* , ,il)i.- tlmt iIm^ "^lirip.iril »fraiiitf ii
n"t , iiKi'ly imocinlcil ill lu.. with th, Tn.il Krniioiliuritc. Tlic iw.i nr.; u''ii<-l i.-iill,v
'■•'" '•''! |M'rlm(M only m tin- hcimc lli:it tlir ^aiiii- iiii.lcrL'n.imil <'c.ii.litioin iiii.l.r
wliiili ill)' iipliti' of the liiitliolitliii' .)iH.pliyH,.H wis ili'Vilopi'il, prr\ail''il nl-o nt
(In- hilor iliiti' wlioii II new iiiiL'iiiiilir iiiviHiim ntfiitiil tin- ri'ifinli. I' llii- !"■
Mil... tlio Siicppar.l uniiiiti' inav |iiim> Imm.h a ilitfiTi iiiiato froii u u,.-.- li,i-i.'
iiiiik'nm liki« tin- Triil ^iii <ii,rit.' I>wr yi.iinKrr lliaii tlmt 'atli .lilli ami ii..l
vxpoiieil ill llie lioiiiiilar).' Im-Ii.
IViiiiiniiin.' Ai (.III oi.ujNK SvuNirt..
•lust soiilli ol tin- p.iiiil wlmrc tlii" Crowjiiu'st line of tlic Cviii.vliaii I'a.iii.'
railway turns out of Mcliai' orcok valli v anil riiti-r-i that of Cliristinu laki', ili..
raiirtiiy ruttitijTH for hoiiio VAU) ftt't rross i» ptHiiliar bartic rock wliicli dcscrM -
>|i»'<iul iio'c. It is a Htock-likn Ixiily, iiitr::-ivi' into ciystaliiin' iiiiii-iloin' an. I
wliints of the Suthi'rlaiul i i>tii|il(>x. 'I'li oni'h niilf ot' the ra'iwa.v trai'k tlio i'\|ii.
ttiiriM are ixior iilul tlie exact Kroiiiai plan of tlu> boily coiilil not \<e iliscoviTfi la
llif liiin! iivailablf for its stuily. A iarp'r ii ii.-s of tin- ^uinc ro.-k orciirs a., an
intrusive mass, ahoiit a liiilf niiii- in liiiitnrter, i tht- litail of Fiflct'iiinih' rri<l<
north of the IViid D'Ortulii riw-r (seo nia,.i. Krratio boulilurs of ti...
rock ur< i.i l>e founl on thi- flat « • of tlie Aliii> mine, north of Creston. an!
clearly . .mie from a third locality. , he rcj-cati'd iliscovcry of thi' unusual r...L
at widely separated points hIiow< that its iM'''\i|iar structure is not merely a local
aeeident hut tlm |K'raistent product in the crystallisation of a definite imifrtiiaii.-
ty|K<,
The rock at tlm Christina lake locality is n fresh, dark jrray to (rr«H'ni>li or
hluigli-|{ray. medium irraiiicd to rather coarso-Krained aggregate of aiitrit«'.
olivine, bioi'te, plaKiocl.i c, nn.) rlhoclase; in thi-; ajrtrrejrate relatively em.r
inous pheiux rystic foils of dark Kr<''ii hiotite lie ciiilicdded at all angles. 'I'la-
irre>;iilar sur'"aces of the nica-foil, laiip-e in diumcter from 1 cm. to .1 am. -r
in. .re, while their thickness is seldom over 1 mm. As the rock is frncturcii iin.lir
the hammer the liroken surfaces an so (feiieriilly iMninded hy the cleave*! plu'ini
crysts that the rock is decidedly facetted i.i a siriUin^r way.
riioujth the rock is almost perfci'ily fresh, the lustre of the large biotites i-
rarely liidher than the melHllic; the Instre is impov. ■ ished hy a very markcl
n;atrmatic corrosion of the hiotitcs which, in thin secvion, have an apparent
poikilitic structure in eonseipience. The more minute biotites of the (jrniiii.l
mass have the usual hiuh lustre of ihe mii.a--. The optical aii^l,. of the plan..
crystic niicn is (2 K) alHuit I.I"; that of tin- uroiind-ma.ss mica is over twice a-
large (2 E =^ about a.'i"). lioth are liijrhly pl< hrtiic in tones from dead-leal
yellow to deep re<ldi:'h-browii.
uirniii ,,i nil iiiiri !>//,•-, \.,i// w
SESSIONAL PAPCR No. 25*
Tlic ..liviti,' <>t ll„. irr..im.l»ii,H«
367
"'' '" ' """ <<> ■li;iiii.'t..r) 1, iihuii'liiiii nil. I
\i>r%' fri.,l, :• I 11 . Ml. 1111.11. ri I- iii.iiipiiiiii mill
n .hi . T " '"""•••'^-" •■"'■•■"• "' '"• I-..I M..-im.. ,.1 i |„„rl..-,
1^ . I....p«.c. o....„rr>MK .1. >.,.„t ,,riM, - „,, ,„ .- „„„ i„ \,,mU. Tl,.. ,,la«i.„L.
Mi.ra.l„n,., l,..,w....„ Ah, An. n„.| Al, A,,. . .nhml,,.. .- ,.!on, f ,, n k ;
• "• l..l.n..l,.r„.. ,» ,.x,r..„,..|v ir.-h. "I h. r..|i|«,.„rs ar. „ h .„r.\Ur „ t
.. tl,.„.|„,e nbi.ut o , .„„.. ii,..„i,.,r„„. ,„„„„.,i,., „,.,, .„„.;;,.. „ ., .;„ .
" '• '"" "' '■"■'■<"<'u ,- ,M„ , ,„.,„.„ .,1. 1 1,., „„■„. ,,,,.. .^;„,^
r...ii(f,. fr.iin i' .-iri. t,. :, ,•„!. in i|j„rii..|, r !.v n
(•iin,i„-.|.v ...M.ii^Mi, (I,., ^-rnin ,,| ||„. ur.Hi,,,!-,,,..
,. .,„.,. I .. ,( , '" ''"• "' ''"■ <>"■'■■> I'l'" i.vst^, |„ i|„. l.'ift,.,.„.„ii|,.
<"'»■ '" I r.lll . ulllv. ;l, l|,|. K|„,,.
— 'v.iT".".r,i,„i.., ,„ ,1,.. ,i. • u„. ,;,-.;r;^: ■- '" ' ' '■"•• •• ••■■'•
whlli" til., ilimi ,
I IVst^
!ll,.
I'-r- ..I till. n.-|,... In, L'n.iih.l i,i,isH I'l
"' ":'; '•■'-I^P'T-^ « r,...k »,il, ,|„. ,„„||..r ,,l„.„„..,v,|.
II
""• '''•■''■»"■ -l""''U- urusUy i,r tu,, ,, i,„„„. |,,„„ , I,,;,,,,,., ,^,,^,
""■ ",V''"^'"' •■"• ''"' N-im..,i. ,.„ll..,.„.,| ;„ ,|„ ,.,,-„.,•„ I„..li,v ,, J s| .
Mr <,,,,,.„.. l,.,,i,ialv.i.,l . , ,„,.„ ,x, ;;„, ,>,„, „ii. f|,n-,„„, l,.i.,
i""i\. itii till- t..||i.uihir r..-iilf i(',,|. I, T,||,|,. WIWi;
SiO,
TiO... ..
AI.O .
K.',0.
Fki
MnO. .
MsO .
CM). .
SrO
H»(i..
Ntt.O ..
K,0
11,0 at II I C. .
11,0 1 1 . \, 11(1 ('
<■<>,
I'.O.
'I', nr.
I.
i.<
8.
M.l.
"i.';r.
•■vS-J
.■.! 7>
■7I>
(Mn
.v7
It (Ml
1:7
11 M
.'5-
II Ki
1 77
.i.ii
(177
I.t
iKI-i
II
:.'.'9
IH-J
i; s'l
t! M
l^l
7 :i.'j
11
•(Hit
■tl7
:i'.'
lltll'
2't
■.>:.■)
liU
J 71
."ilHI
i/.Vt
1 (ill
K.
14
-V)
I !l|
■ ss
•t:
IIOI
K)
9'».;)0
100.13
■:k2
k
MtCROCOPY RESOLUTION TE&T CHART
ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2)
1.0
I.I
11.25 il.4
2.2
2£
1.8
1.6
^^ ;7i6) *82 - 500 - Pnofe
^=r ^?16) 288 - ^989 - Tax
im
358
i>i'i'\irnn:M or iiik i\te
ItlDU
f'lili'iilatcil Ti
Ortlioi iii^.,
Mliitp.. ..
Aniirtliitp. .
\''plii'liti...
l>H.p,j,l,... .
•Mivini'.. ..
M.ii;m.tj|,...
Ilnifiiilo. . .
Aiiiitilc.
\V,,t,.r
Siidifcnitis iiitli(Khisp
I. ibi.idiir itc
AUKIIr ■'.
Olivine
Hiutiti' of Kiiiund-niass
Biotiti- of pliiMiocrysts.
Maj-iietitc
Apatite ''
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
,i!i;iin\iiKit, 1,
.'to O.'
lOKl
Mil
1(171
i;' t.i
in
i:t«
1 2t
■ m
film
4.V1
lOfi
]■:
3-5
.•i-.-i
100-0
.-.rm.,,... A„.'o,di„r I. X*; L stirrers- ■" 't- •*'""»", •-''■■
•""a"'-^ It J b.. tr,,,.. i„„v,.„.,. ,i,„, „,; „', 'i X ;v" "• r"''."'
C'lUVKF.i. Svkmh: ISati
iiii.nii.
uncr„sl,..,l an,l. like the She , d j . .jt ", ''' '' ^''''""■'■'"■^- ""'♦"
Thouffh tliis hatiiolit'i is iMarked in th,. \V,>f i- .
hei'out of Tin: rnn:F astiwxomfk
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
.•in> (v.iistaiit iind :iii|"Tt:in( .litfiTfti
tlif l>atliolith, so tliPt tlicir .],:
i>( tlie rcvioii.
Kirp
350
111 '•-iii|.,,.i,..,,i Lftuvfii tlif st,M-ks and
•Idiiiinant plia<o of tlic ('orv,-l
iii'i\iM.inall,v sotiicwhat pi.rpliyritir,
Domi„a,4 A'Uv.._.Ma,>r„.s,.„pi,;ally. th,.
l>atholitli IS a iiUKjiiiin-to r.,ar<(-(,'raiiic<l
lij.l.t n ddisl, to br.wni<h.pi,,k ro-k ..f .ypil.al sy.ni.i,. hal,i,,. I, i. „„„„,. ,■,,„,,
.;:;.i:.:j~bn,,;;/i:;;;:^;;:\;;:;rn •'-•■■'^^--'"-^ ;-:....^
^;.tt.od_ ,..r,,u.h t.,e fe,d-,::; :^u^:r';;;:;,;' Ih;.:::;;:!''':;;. I)::, ,::
t^V.I ■ . Hhn.norpl,,,- n^taU „f .Hnpsidi. aM«i„.. a littl. i„„ r
;;si^"£„:::j;';;;;,;:„:":;;;-,rl;!;" - -■ ^
old-par. and qaar..: wuh .„n,. ovrlappin.^ in ,|,.. ,.>„,.ratio
troin ..b4S to L'.i2!l, with an avcrayc of -'(ITr.
This ohi<f phase of ,he l.ath„lith has n..t Iut,, ..Hciallv .,„dv/,.| f ,- ,1
M; Brock:- "' """"^ ''"'^ ''""" ""*"'^ ^>- ^-^--^ Dit.ri'h fo^
on-pcriods ,,t the
I'aiiccs
Analysis of Cornell syenite
SiO,
TiO.
A1,0,
iv,o.
FeO
MnO.. ..
MsO
CaO
NajO
K.O
P.O.
Ho iiliri<t I.
CO,
CI
so
i:-2s
I M
u .
\-M\
ID!)
.) ."ill
O-Il
-.ill
trac,.
tr.ii ,.
tlMc,.
center „f the bathoii,,, hi^ .r > tiidi.'J; 'I; ^1^,:'::^.,: Jd^ J;! .r^r' •"";
860
hf.l-MiTMEM at riir. IMKKtOU
Quartz
Sodifi'ioii^i ■■rthorlilsp
Andesirip, .\h,Aii.
Hoinbhiiilr..
Auifito
Miik'nctiti
'I'itiiiiitf
Al>-llitl- I 1 (I Zllcnli..
ilul lili(!n(inll!ilc,
2 GEORGE V. A. 1912
51
51-2
17.9
20-2
1-5
1-7
l-fi
-8
inoo
Froin these |>ru|i(,rti,in!>
tl':
n.uphlv .-nlenlite,! " It i , i. " '■J"""'''''! '■'""l'";itio„ ,.f tl,is spcviinen has 1,,^,,
:w tl,„; o ;,, r . '"< "' "" '■■"•"'''<■■"•" I'^i^ f^O snme eompositinn
tlm c kali 1 n ''" """<--n-nitc ' of J,t. IToff,„a„n, Pnl.. and
SiO,
TiO... .
Ai.ri . .
Fe,n.. .
FcO. .
Mc<).. .;
CaO .
Na.0.. .
K6.
lU)..
IV>,..
Ki'Miaiinli 1 .
59-2
l.i9
23
2-7
2-8
4-9
3-6
5-8
■t
■i
M
1000
^
iii.Kii iiir .\lr. I.rock wonlil oorrospom well with tle.t nf *!,„ . • i
spoo.rncMs oollected .luring the Boundary Zvrs- *'" '•^''"•''
of .he n:.,re acid hornhEil'lLt;;' ithn^S ''" ^'^ '■"""^"^'^■°" ""'' '"""*
southern eontaet along the Dowdnov rail, P . """' "''''"''"' "^ the
westernoontactnorthofSuthorl ?re " luiLnr. '^ ""'^ "" ""-'
o" the northwestern e„u,a..t near c' S / , e Ts I'^l? !""^*'''»!r ^
tinjrs and the hidi hiutTs to the «nnH, f »i Y ■ '"" railway
zone very finelv. It i there ' tie. °, , I ''l^''^'^'^^''^ ''-Play the ha-itied
other sides of 'the hati o The t s" .": :-:".: "^ """' ^^^^ ^-'"^ "'- - *'-
the normal .mlaskite on the sout Th ro k h^d r'"'" '^'•"•'"""•^-♦"
vailin. feldspar, and «^^'>"S.£'o^CLe tl-^S ^^ ^i; ^^^^^
HI ruin Oh Tin: iiin.F \sri;ti\<,\i] ii q^i
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
!.n!';rHv''''''n,;'H''''' ;""""'u" ""' "'"T''"'" *"""""• ^^'"-'' ™ •" f"il
\ V,r 1 "^'•'•>•^'^' -^""•'> i^ ♦'- ^"-„.. „s i„ ,1,.. ,l.,n,iM,n,t pul,Hl<ito.
A Inru,- fr,.>h sp.M„n..n (.\„. :.I7) l,„.s l,een nnalyzcl l,v Mr, CuMMor with
Analysis of huir rnnlarl pha.e (monzonihj, rory.U hatholxth.
SiO,.. . *'"'■
TiO. •'^-••'W 'ST.-)
Ai.d... 'in lilt
Fe,0 '"'■-' ■l''<'
FeO.. . 2W itlK
MnO.. . ■'>''^ "T'i
MrO.. '" ■"«!
CnO.. . •'i*t -IWi
Srd "••'<• l-W
BaO.. ; -It WI
Na.C. . -'• ■"*'-
K,().. Sfw ■ni->'>
H,0 ;.t IIOV. ^'*-* "I"
n,0 :iIh,v,. IIO^C. •'■;'
I'.n... . . -^t
75 .005
' *■ 2 at:
The norm \vin ciilr'nlMlcl t., Im-- -
Orthorlasp. . .
Albito 222,
Annrthit^., .. 2X:ifl
NVph.-iit,. ;; '•■>:•«
Diopsido.. ^''"
Olivine.. . '"'-"
Maxnctiti' •' '♦
llnienite ',','
Aii.Ttite 2-1.'l
Water.. ., '■'■''
-^t
9!t-71
Tho morlo (Rnsiwal nctlm,!) i< nppn.xiiniitcly : -
Sodiferous ..itlioda^e .-.ikI iin< ronertliite oi .
Andesine -'•'
llornblciiile .'.' 2«i-3
Augite 26-'
Biotite Ifl"
Magnetite '■>''
Titanite 30
Apatite '.' .'.' .'' ' ' 2:i
-7
100.0
r^^p^'Z^^'t;^. '1;:;-™::; t tiiir :r'^:::r
i^!mr^!f^
aea
hf:i'iHT»f:\T OF Tin: istfhior
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
Apophynen. — Finnlly, n ir.ort- i\cu\ plmso i«f the tmthnlitli is ropresented in
flio miincrous apophysos ciitfiiKf tho IJns^limil v..lc:inir.s all about tho batliolith.
These offshoots have the coinpositioii of an a''aliii(' syenite pori'hyry, which is
very |)oor in the feniic (phtMiocrvstic) itiint-riiN. hornblende and biotite. The
plnnioclase (basic olicoclase, mar Ab, An ) is here <niitc snlKirdinate to the
alkaline feldspars. The aci'css(,rics are those of tli onzonite but are in very
small amounts. 'Hie specific ^'ravity of a ty|H' s!«M'inien is only 2f>01.
The apophyses are clearly not direct injections of the basitied ma);nia now
found in crvHtalli/i-d form just inside the main c()nta<'t-line. They are differen-
tiat«^a of the main nniss of majinui and are analogous to the familiar aplitea piven
off by firanitic intrusive l>odies. The <litTerentiation was doubtli<ss aided by the
special abundance of maBiiiatie fluids, which lowtTcd the viscosity, so that those
feldspathic dikes have run out many thousands of feet from the main contact.
Tin strong mineralization often ob>erved in the traps cut by these apophyses
may be coiitu'cted with the act of e.xiH'lliiifj the fluids duriiitr the crystalliza-
tion of the porph.vr.v.
Contort Mftnninrphifim. — Tiie bathtdith has exerted notable mechanical ami
thermal effects on its country-rocks. The traps of the T{ossland volcanic group
iiave been converted into hornblende-quiirtz schist and hornblende-biotite-epidote
.schist. These rocks, with their schistosity-plaiies directed ixripherally about
the batholith, can be traced through a distinct exomorphie zone from three to
six hundred yards or more in width. In the old se<liinents of the Sutherland
complex, andaiusite has !)een liberally developed, but it is not ea.sy to say how
far the metamorphism of tho.se rocks was (hii- to rejjional processes, and is thus
of c'-'er date than the batholithie intrusion.
H I
SVK.MTE ANt) OiJANITE PORPIIYBIES SaTELI.ITIC TO THE CORVELf, BaTIIOLITII.
Alon^' the soutbeKi border of the Coryell batholith a lonpr area some two
siiuare mih s in cxtint lias been mappivl as underlain by syenite porphyry.
This lody has every an|)earanoe of beintr simply a late differentiate of the
Coryell syenite, a Uiass which has been injected alonpr the contact of the main
batholith witii the volcanic i-o<'ks. The porphyry is younper than the coarse
symite, sin<'e it encloses blocks of tlie latter and sends tongues into it. Yet
t!ie mineral conii)oiieiits of the two bodies are similar. The porphyry has
phoMoerysts of aunile. sometimes of brown hornblcudc. as well as of biotite.
alkaline feldsjiar, and fi w soda-lime feldspars. The frround mass is essentially
like that in the chonidithic rock about to be described; in fact, these two rocks
■ re so alike in mineridopical and '•hemical constitution that the account of the
rhnnolithic rock, which has lieeu chemically analyzed, will serve for both. The
principal difference between them consists in the fact that the larjrer body has
a coarfcr gram.
South and so\itheast of the batholith then^ are very numerous dikes and
one irregular intrusion (chonolithic in its relations) which respectively cut
XI I'DHT OF Tin: riiiLh .{sritosinir.it 333
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
till Rn8sliiii(l vol<-iiiii.-s uiid tlir Si.|.liic Mountain .•c.iii;l,,ni<Tiit. . 'I'lir-,- liav,.
rntlicT <-iinstiint rlmrai-tcT- iimi lor tlicni aU.. tlif ilf^rriiitiuii i.f iln- .mi', ilu'
i li.piiiilii liic roi-1;, will >iuttlci'.
<'!ini,i4illi. ,]u~\ iiiirtii of tlie linundiiry -hi^li at Mununn-nt lH'.' a nlativcly
lurpi' I (.(jy (]f the porphyry ciit^ tin- lJ(l-^laIlll Voh-anic'-* ami tia' omtIn ini: con-
Kliimiiaie which liii- lidii .lisiTihcd on a iiri'viun, pa^'' Tlif t'orin of tin- lio.|y
llOlilZONTAL AM) VKirriCAL SCAI.KS
FiiilHK 24. — Sfctidii (,f svi-nitf imrphyry ch'moliih. Mati'llitic to ('ary»'ll liatlmlitli.
is hi-hly irregular, though th.-re is little doubr t'lat it i- an injected mas-,
tliru-t intn the invaded formations, nuieh as a dike is injected. The hody is.
thus, probably, a chonolith, rather than n .stock or other subjacent body which
enlarges downward indefinitely. Figure 21 gives a diagraniniatic profile-section
of tlie chonolith. the roof of which is still partly preserved. The rock of the
804
in:i-\:n\n:\i i,t tiif. t\rh:nion
l«t\V(
npn-ciits tlio f,\| f till'
III Snphi,. liMiiiifaill Mlhl the
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
'lioii-Iitli will le siH.iiilly (l,srrilM-,i. ns
rx.rr.li.vry wIlmv ,.x!,..„,| i„ the imumv ,lik.^
iViitir-.livi.le cit'lit inilo, t,, the wostwnnl.
At .li-ta,uv, „f flC.v f,...t or „,„n. fr,„„ ,. ,.„nt„,., tli,. (...rplivrv „f H 1,„„„-
.1. IS I. n.tl,..r li.l.t Kniv rn..k having „l,„n,|„„f pl,o„o.ry.t. .,f :,„h,.„r,l
-I...fh c l„i.r. _ I 1,0 f.l.l.pnr ph-no-rvst- :,r.. in tl,ick-f,il,ul„r Parl.l,
nir ••hiiriict.ri ti.nll.v uln-nv, liko Minid
"1111. to 15 ,i„n. The liistrnii
in iisitrc from 1 luni to 6
. , "" ii^i"i-i' I'lioiiioriinii', (II. i|
liin'!;! out in StolU T.ria.nc o „.., .. ., ..
nnt'ito >■
llllflo-iTIP
out
pficiiocrvsf-
I'l twiii< mill
III": thoy havi' Icii)rtli- var.viiiir from r.
iiu'lily i.|i.,iii.,rplii,., l,|„,'k f,,il. ,,f l,i,,tit..
1" 2 nun. in (liiini.tor: tlio likiwi-o i.lioniorplii,. (Ii,,,,.i,|i,.
n stoiK prisms 2 mm
ar,. ofirn ^iirromiilril l.y
^ lVl<N,,:irs till. II liavin- iv,iriiii,,n la-.il ,-l,
trniini.l li.vpiMi,„Morphic-(friiniilar
with a li.tio .li,.o..laso ami .■on-..,.T ,n,ers,„ial ipiar,.. ni,
niamto. t.tanifi.roiis irapMHi,,.. ami apntit... aNo form part of tlio ero,iml-ma-.
A trr-h -[iOPinion fXo. 40!)) of this plia<.
•'oniior with result as hrre noted:—
to .'t mm. ill loiiL'th. Tli.
I thick shili of ,,rti I,,,,.. ,||,
av.-it'r. Tho vioiiii(l-rna-s ij a tlm •
cntMlp ,,f orthorhis<. in.livi.jiuils, a"(wialiMl
n-Mornhlo interstitial ipiartz. Tl
\ nil! wis nf
has I'i'<n ihfiiiicnll.v
acpi'ssorii'-.
iiiil-i
iiialy/.oci l.v Mr.
SiO
TiO... ..
A '•..(■>:
Fo.O
FpO..
MnO.. .. '.
MbO
CaO.. ..
SrO
BaO
Xa,0., .
•K,0
H.O Mt 11(1'' C.
n,0 aliovo Ilfl=C.
IW,
?P- B1-.
M..I
60- -il
inos
•nn
■mtK
i(i:i
■1114
172
■(111
;i.n
<iii«;
■10
mil
L'-.i:t
■(Ki.'t
.3.(;.>
•0(11
■12
■001
■10
■001
AMt
•07.i
5-20
■ll.'>5
•o:)
•27
■IB
001
996,1
2-067
nose y/l'l" ■^,""";;'",^^if'-"i"" »•'- ro..k enters the so,lipota>si,. s„l,ra,i.'. ,„
"mi '"'J^Z '-'-'• '-™... in the dosalane order. Kerrnanar,-
Moriii Is a.-> Il iljows :
Quartz
Orthocla^o.
Albite
-Anirthitp.. .
Ilypersthciip.
Diopsidp.. ..
Miignptifc. . .
Ilmpiiiti'.. ..
Apatite
H.O
210
3C..8
ao.so
91.')
6^81
6-.W
2.55
121
•■11
■30
99.46
mzo-
The
_- JE _S(1
usi^sm^ji'i^sm
i!i:i-oi;r 1,1 mi: < tin r i.si i,-i>\inn/i
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 2Sa
lie dMit i'l.i„iti.:itiMr
800
ih..
.Vci'.inliii).' to
.•.vrritc ii.irpliyr.v.
-^''■•"•"" "" "ta.'l n( th.' rhonnlitl,
Ki'.uii ui„| ,1 ,|„,„,r ,.,,|,,ur, i,uMi..|,v. ,l„rk
^'"li . rtlio.lii-r. |.la>;io,.|,is, . ,,^1 hi,, tit,..
Pl>. M,„.r.vst. ,u„l in th.. >:r.„i,„| ,„a,.. Thr ,,l„.„.HTV.ti
Hn„r,|- th,. .xnniti.ti aii^l... „f lal,ni,lorit,. ( Al> An t
'- -1 lM,i'-il antrit,, l.i,,tii,
til- |i.i|-|)|i>rv ii-siiin,s a imi.ii li,,,.,
k'ri'.'iii-li-itrav, Th." i>li. ii,i,T\ -t, .ir
Ai|«iti- \* iiUrlit, 1m. til aiM.Mii; tl.,-
|>la).'i,„'laM' n-tM.hirl>
All. An.i ati'l -.-< m,,
tlw.vt,.n.. t„ 1,.. |,..,>i-...„tl.v iiwr,. l.a-i,. tliai, tli,. pla^i.^-la-',. of Vll;. Zi,,. I,. .,.
Z!l , ""■ -■"'"'—• i" --y'lii-,. l„it !i.o ,.f .rain. I vn,'! ^ i ,.
1.0 Kro„n,l-Mia-., of tl,.. anal>v,.,| P,„.k. Tin, an.nto.f,.... ,.|,a.,. i- .„, ,,|l , i
'"■'"■'"■• ' "■ •■ ■ ^'^ ''"'» ■■'■ ""• ^.nL'i...-l,i..ti... .v..„it.. ,i.,r,,l.,vrv. .|, , j .„;:.
puMo,.r.y.t. and tn tnmoralo.i.al an.l ,.|,..n.i,Ml ,.har.i,.|..r. ,r. ,' , ,L
■'■M loal w.th the an„l>v...,l pha.s.. of ,1,,. ..hon.,lith. A fow ,l,k I ..
• v"; "rtTJ'' '"'*'"•■ ""V ''^^ """■" '""-^^ >■ ''i-i- -f. ^
s..,.hi.^ „,,.,„„ , .„L:Jz::z xji:::z z.i:;cz:::z:-:
r' r .1 1 V • "^ "'J*'''""' l'"^'l..^ ri.., an. at huist a- r..,-,.„t ■,. th,-
< 'Ooll hathohth intnLsion an.l may Ik- ronten:,iora„eous with it
A dozen or tnor,. Hynit,. porph.vr.v dik,.,.. rati^in^ fr..ni\ t„ ^>(i f,...t
... wdth. nit th. Sh.,,pard ^ranit.. sto,.k so,„h of Lake n o,in in T , ,
m.oro.,.op,.. ..x;.n,,„„tion of „n.. -p,...i„,..„ ha. -hown a s,n,n/ .. .i,
M. h a fa,.t tnav .. „s,,| for rorn-lation. it utfords ovi.len.-,. that tho sv-ni,..
P..rph,vry displayo, in th.. frinp- of ,|ikos .south of th,. Corv..!! hatholiti ,
per:.ap, tho roryvll ,v,.ni,.. i,.,.lf an^ yonn^.r than tlio Sh..ppa ,| ' , i T
now ,. ,orr,^ora,..d hy tho fa.^t that tl:.- ^lu.pp„„l .ranit.. took .i: .' „ , ',;
side of the ]'. nd D'Orcill
apix'ars to U,. >;roatly altered i^rpl
le river is ,„t l,y nuniero„s dike< of a ro.-k whi,-li
pahhroi.l liahit
member of the Ho-shuid
1.,'.. 'ikes whi.-h niuy possibly 1
olivini'-aiijrit.-hiititi
ph
lyry dike.s, thoiijrh almndant and oft
voleain.. ^Toiip. S,i far
forreiate.! with
1^ ki
iii'inzonit..
if
ii"wn. tlio
a younger
Vi'iiitc |),>r
r inonz,>nitie rnek^ n,.r i.s the Cory. II hatholith eiit l.v th
expo.*..,!, are ni.vi.r cut hy »ralihroi,|
Th.
1.. evid.nce i< thus fairly koo.1 that the*
ffranit.. p,,rphyry, i;,iw to )
A f,
dik
noted, t
syeniti.. roi-k^ are,
If yoiinK:..<t intnisiv.
.le.Xt t,) tho
i.f tl
:ie ri-jr.on.
.s ot prray hiotito-firanit.- porphyry eut the Uossland
id at two i)oiiits. (liarlv cut
(likej i,f th.. s
localities is iminediat ly nortli.a-t of th.
yi'nite |)orphyry. One of th.>.«. t\
des<.ribed, and it is probal !.> that t
P'rphyry forirs part (,{ the .•honolith itself." 1
only five feet wide hut
-eetion through th.. el
le -y. iut(. p.rp lyry trav.'rs,.,!
lonolith jii-t
ly till- uranile
his ixraint.
Ixars (,rtli.
l:i-e I
P'lrpliyiy
iik
)h,.noi'ryst- up t,
•■"> ''tn. ill li'ii^'th.
i^^^sa^L.
aao
itt:i'.iRr\iH\ I or rin: i\Tf:mnR
2 GEORGE. V, A 1913
»\i>u[f with (tiiiiilliT unrs of (|iiiirt)^. Mutih', iinil iiciil (>liii<irln<r. tiour Al>, An .
Thi- (frniiinl-iiiii«r< \t ii iiiicriicr,\>tulliin' tfrunnphyrc uf i|imrtz iiiul fclil-imr,
I'lirryiiiif a litflf iii< •■"-"r.v iipiitilo iiihI iiiinrni-titi'.
A ilikf '>i iilioiii tlir «!imc •i/,r mill (■«-«>iitiiill,v of tli" <iiiiu iii|>'i-'itiiiii
(tliiMi(fli with Miiiiiilr liii.titi- ill till' ^r^llllMcl-llm•J') cut'* ii thii'k -illlikr ■like
(if •yri.ilc iMirpli.vr.v mit rupiiiinr jimt tmrtli nf tlic Hniiii<liiry liiir on tin- Vdvit
.M ic wii({oiii(iiiil. 'I'lii-i iliki' fc.llnw- II iiiii-tirjniiit |il;iiii' in tlii' nlili-r pur-
pii.vry. 'I'wii liiindriil ,v;iii|- fiirtliir imrlli mi tin- WML'nii-rriinl w lliii-kcp inlni-irui
uf tiic -iinii- itniiiili' porjiliyry fclluw^, ttic Ixililinif of tlie S(ipliit> nintintain con-
irlmiiciMli'.
>flismRnr MiKi:.
Ill till- !■ ■! Ixtwii-n Kivoril iiii)iiiif:iin mil (irniiiti- mniiiitniii. wi'sf-nnrtli-
we>t of l{ii-.iUiiiil, llic Curvi'll -yiMiit.!' i-i cut liy ii tivc-fiml 'likp of roik. wlii<'li in
roiiip.i-itiiin i» uiiiipit' anionjf all liic -I" I'iiiicii- colIiTtdl iliirinir tlic Hoiiiidary
siirviy It i-i a dark lirowiii-li-trrccn. tim ^'raincii, snmi'wliat purpliyritif trap,
apparently inrK -piiiilintr niineraloyimlly ami I'luinicnlly tn an olivinr-frcc
tni~-ciiiriti', licariiiK iiliiiiocry-t- nf p-iiMlnlcucitc. In tlw luiii(l-*|M'<'iiii('ii a frw,
snial lihii'k crystals niiil innniiiirHMc ■.'lints of lijrlit from ininiiti' foiN of niii'ii
nay he (li-ccnicd. lie pmiKloicniilo iilii'Mocryst- arc coii^piciioii j lint do not,
consliliilc iiioic than live p<'r cent of the rock liv \vcii/-lit,
III tliin -e<li(in the p\ roxene is si en to i"' iir in liiffhly idiotnorphic pri-nis
from l.r> mm. to (i.l mni. or less in It'; «tli. Tiie palo (rrpfnisi colour of the
inincriil. a lack of i>leocliroism, and uhipii anRle of cxtinetioii indicate that it is
n common aiitrite. The mica i* a stronfrly plcoehroic. hrown hiotitc and is also
thoroiijfldy idiomorphic. Aliimdant eiilies of magnetite (prohahly titanifcroi's)
and many, rehitivoly lar^ie prisiiiati'' crystids of apatit<> are accessory. All of
the-e minerals aro embedded in a pale tri'cciiish to brownish matrix, birncly
composed of the same mat irial as that formimr the phcnocryst-likc areas
referred to pseiidolcncite.
The il .mnosis of the pheiiocrysts iiiid of tlie re' 'ted jrroiind-niass of the
rock has otferrd <-(in»idcriible ilifficulty. The phenocry raiijrinir from 1 mm.
to :i mm. in dinnieter. have roundi-h. polyjromil outlines of the order expected
from idiomorphic leiicite. They are habitinilly wrapr«>i| about with foils of
fre-h. primrry hiotitc. nrrannred taniiontially about the round phenocrysts.
Notwith-tandiiijf the perfi ct freshness of impite and biotite, none of the
oriifinal substance of the larse pheiiocrysts seems to remain. Kach plicno-
crystic mass is chiefly made up of pale ;;rccnisli-Kray, sphcnilitic nsffrepates of
fibrous nialerii.l s'lowiiid nwn't-'iite ])olariz«tion, with the black cross in parallel
polarizcil lipht. Tlw spherulrs are not .'leaii-ciit but fade into each other
most irre'4:iilarly. The lonjr. li lir-likc elements of the sphcnilitic substiiiicc
are so thin that it is difficult to lie sure of their proper colour or of their fr.ll
reaction to polarized liuht. The -inph' element i- proliably ipiite colourless.
It alway.s shows nepative optical iliarai'ter with rc-pci't to its lenprt'i. and the
extinction anp'e of the iry-tallite i- never more than about ')', corrcs]«iiidinf»
P
T, , -:.>=-T=r -, , I
sse •' inriciv X- -"rvBrnnwrni .MMtr^
' - k-fv^c jmt.-
Rh.l'itHT itf lilt (•lllh:t isTnnSiiMfK 367
8E8'^I0N*L PAPER No 25a
to tl..- riinifc of .■Miii.tl..|i» in nn ..rtluMln.. . r,v-t;il . l.-ufnl. .1 |,.ir:ill. I t.. i[.. i
iixi-i. 'I'lii- l.irilriiim-iice {» \,.w hIkI i- lik. llml . f nrlli.ulu-. in \.r> linn
-.■«■: ioii". \u fiict. it ».).m-< hitflil.v !.r..l..il.l.- liuil iii...| ,,t' thr iii:il. ri.il «lii.li
lias i('pIu.T<i till' i.riuinul |.h< i r.v-i-, i- .rtlio, ln-.v Tlii- .■,.fi,lii-|..ii 'n i].),. |,|
!.v llf -lii.|\ ,.|' till' I'lii'iiii.'ul iiiiiilv.i- ■ t i!,i- r...k.
I lie -iphtriilifii- -iiS-tnijcc i- iffiiii.rl.v iiii\ii| wiili ;i .niiili .ir iit .(
(■!>-. r.iy (.'iiiMiilar iiuiti'iinl. -Ih.vMiiir ihiirii. ri r- liki' ili..«.' ■■( li,MlrrMi.-|.li. In. .
iili.l with ntluT, ,iiiii!iirl.v ol..ciiic, |.iil.' -i.-ii,.-li-«rB.v -ul .tiiii.r m iMiiiini' l.nl
UKcrcifaic-i V'liich liiiw tlic .pflrnl proiurli. s ..f -irpinliii. . A /r<>\iu\ lik.'
-tiilrit.' HI- .k-iniiio, limy ni-io I... |,r. •• ni. All ..I' tli.-r iii,il,ri;iU f..riii ;i in.ilriy
ill whii'li vcrv -iiiull micr..iit.- ..f iniL'iti'. I.iotii.. iii;n;iii.|.iti'. mi. I iipiitii.'
iiii|ii«ii,i|. ill till' oriuiiiu! iiiiiuTil ;in- I'liil '.|.l<-.|.
To the writer tiio U -t inti rpn laliim ni' tli r •himI Loili,.- i. t|,.ii ili. v
n'pr. Sent p-rii(|oiiiorpliH nl|i-p phcnoi.-r.vsfii' |. ncilr; tli.'ir ..[ili.Ml r,,. mLhi
to ihr iii-s,-rilio,l p-fiiil.il.ii.MK, i. r.rtiiiiil,v nr,.a. Tlif iiltciiiti.,11 ..f 1 1. 1, u.ii.-
SOI-III-. to liiiM. inkcii jilar.' iis n kilui nt' iiiiiuiniiti.' iilli'i-nrti.ii, imiIi. r ilnin :i-
thf ri«ii!t of ,,r.liii;iry wo.itliciiiii.'. lor tic foiToiiiiimi,..i;iM miii, imU ,11. i,|,-,llv
fn-li,
Tlic uroMiid-iiiM-s ill wliirh ill.' Iiirur ps.rijuj, ■Ill-ill- mi. I lli.' ..tlii-r ].|i,.iii..i-
pliii- iiiIii.TiiU lie. i- KC'iicri'lly .piit. Ilk.' that ..f th.' p-iM.|i.iiioip i. . A.cpt that
thcro arc no .mtlintii ovni icinotfl. -iiKP>tinir ihr i-rN-tnl form of l.'iii'iti'.
Ni ithiT hf-n- iior in the phciiocrysli.' I., .jii-i i-i thor.. anv .•irlaiiily i-..tr.)pi.'
materiiil. nor any -Ini.tiiri' whirh n.iil.l Imv.' hen Inhiritcl fr.in tli.' iHiimiiiit
lianils of iciicitc. Ni'V.rtlicIc-^, tin- siiiiil.irity of ^'r..iiii.l iii;.-- ati.j pli.ii...n.i
iriilii'ato-* that th.'y w.n- oritfinally .-..n |..-,il of tin- sanii' niatcpiai. ihniii.'iilly
if not niim'riiinBi.'ally. The Mimpl.-t ii>- ption is that tlw jfr.iiin.l-nia-i- of
thf ro.-k was .'liictly all.itri.iinorphi.' limit.', whi.-h. like the l<'i..'it<' .if tlio pliojio-
irysts. wa.H iinstiilil.' .Iiiriiijr llio 1 liiii,' |«'ri.i.l f.illowiiiK 'Tystallizatinn.
Tlii- view, .•aiiii.'t, with tlw iiiatirial in liiiml, I.' provi'.j, l.nt it !- -fronuK
uph.-i.l l.y I'll' .lo-i- .'lu'iiii.al parallrl lictwirii tlii- ro.'k an.! lli.' Ivpi.al ini — oiir-
ite iL'sorihoil ami naiiKil hy rir-son.!;s In that s|H-.irs tin- -titiii'iit iniiii'raU
nri' iipa!it<', iron ore. olivine, aiiirit.'. Iiiotit.', Iciiciti', ihmI -..in ■ /...liti.' pro'lii.t-.
Th(> l.'iicit<" i» there uiKiiii'-ti.inahly present anil is uit. r-t Itial. 'rii.' o' i..ii-
ilitfer.iie.'s lK>tween tin- R.cor.l iii..iintain .like ( ns oriKitKilly iry-tal!i/..il ) an. I
the type inissoiirite eonsist in the pres(i..\' .if ahont five [K-r <ent of phenoerystie
hie ite and the ahsenee of olivine in the Hriti-h Coliinihia .like. 'I'li.' pn-eii.'.'
of ■ '■• ■■'(' in a ro.'k of this kin.l is not a matter of principal iniportam-e. for,
ii^ II has iiointe.l out, hi .tite may 'le I'on-i.l.r.'.l a- the .■heiiii.Ml i.|iilviil-
.'lit 1.1 a niixtnr.' of leinite and i.liviii.-
In Tiil'le XXV the r.-nlt ..f Mr. Connor'- aiialy-i- of ih.' .jik,. . -in.-iiiM'ti
N.I. .">U, ('..I. 1; iriili'.'.ilar proporti.nis in Col. In) and tiie analysis ..t' lli.' type
ii;i>soiirite from tlie IImIiw.....! mountains. M.mtana. (C.d. 1'). are piven.
; L. V. I'irsson, Hull. 2.17 ''.S. <i.-„l. Siirvi-y, 190.1. p. 115.
mmtkMti,
3A8
iiH'\itnn\i "a int i\inii<>n
7 QEORQE V. A. 1012
'I'nl'lf .\ ,\ I . \milifii iii iiiiinniirili
RiO,
Tia
AI.O
Kf.O.
KfO
MfO
MbO
r.iO
SrO
H«n
Nm.O
K,0
n,(» (»t iirc).. ..
11,1) (•!»>• UO'C).
sb,'.'.' .'■'■■'■■'■■ ■■
(>,!),
CI
«"o,
t.
I'l-
2.
4231
TiH
iti mt
28B
im
::i
II lU
■Mi
II) 01
»«7
.«JB
5i:
«n
• OR^
.V«l
•11
• INM
Ir
ll-SI
■^^a
u:»
iie-i
• IMi
in.v.
•l«
■ms
■M
•M
■»»
•33
■HJ
nin
1 .11
).«•
•ri3fl
Sll
2'9I
ST2
...1
.... 1
1 u
M4
•010
•21
•06
03
S>. Rf
Tlic ciilrMlatc'd
Orthn !»••*», . .
Ni'phflili'. . ..
Anorthite.. ..
DiiilHtiUe.. ..
OliTinc
Magni'titp.. .
llniHintf. . ..
A|>Btit(>
Watir
Ir.
loe^ts
2-HI7
[iDriii |h:—
^•57
31t»
.139
USAf)
21-^:
I.V18
HIW
3W)
310
3>00
W^il
III tlu' Xoriii clttssilicatioii the rwk enters tlie dopotussio BubranK.
abfBMkosc, of tho alkalicolcic raiijf, camptonasf, in the salffTnnn.' order,
Kallare.
The a<t\ial mineral eonipos ' )n of the dik? (determined by the Rosiwal
method) and that of tho type a^soiiriie iiRri')' with the cheinieal eon-parison
in indieatinit tlie place of the l{<>e(.rd inountain ilike in the mi»i<>urit»-H of the
prevailini; elasHiiication.
I Shonkin St<ick, j
Muntano. |
AllKlte .
HiotitH ..
Lfuc,..'.. .
(Hivin*^ .
Analcit**.
ZnilitPH..
Iron Ore .
( by Weight. )
50
CO
Ifi
15
4
4
5 1)
100 O
.■\ugitc
liii.titr
Piwudolpiu ite, etc.
MaKtiftiti-
.\|iatit>'. . ...
Ucct>rii
Mt. I)ik«
( by weight. )
37 ft
•Jl)
3:1 8
5 7
3
lllO
Kti'oftr iif niriiint wiimMiMi if
a<K>
SESSIONAL PAPER No 29a
Till* iliki' iiiH.v, iliu", !"• i|i-'«Tilni| lit II -oiiii-whiii iiMr|h> ritii' ■iliimi' fn-o
ini»«r)uriti'. Sii i.tlitT iiifni-ii.ii !■!' llii- rmk liii' »« vi-t Im-ch f.mii.l in ilii<
KiimIbIhI ri'irioli, Iml clo-rr •cirrli iimy li ii<l t<> tlii> ili-x'tiwrv nl' illiiT ImmIJi'
\ \l(|n| H iiTIIKII l>IK> •<.
ThiTl' lirr lltl'liplllilr.ll.V Illllll.V tlli>ll>lllliU lit illkc- ill tlu' lin'll riiHTl'il llV ll»i
Kiiunilury U-lt witliin ilu- ■--Imul n iiiintiin.., Mi.-i ..t ili.in iir<' iihTf i^r If"
I'li-url.v ii|Hi|.li.v»fi iif the -I v-. mill tiiilliiililli-. Ill' llir ri>fh ij iir <'l->' lliiir iiinri'
iiplitir ilfrimliM'". .^ « -ihIi tlir l.v|«'t hiivf alrriniv Utii limtly ili-rrilMij
Tito iiilrniioii III' n'rliiiii 'if till ilikii 'm- Imimi iiii iiiii|mii ir I. nr rln-i'tv fulluwi'il,
li> t!iii fiirtiiiitiiiii 111' liirtfc miniTiil ilrimnil-i. Miiny iilln ■•■« hiivi- Ihiiu uIi^itmiI
whii'h aro nf iiiiiHirt.inn- in -linwiiii,' tlii- n-lalivi- ii({c-t nf tin- turin '• ..- I- rum
a piirt'ly iK'trntfriM imiiit i '' view, howrvrr. iiioHt uf lln - Icum' few
f(iaturr« \.liii'li iiiakf liii'iii «iirlliy nf "iicfial ilc-criiilioii.
Tlu' rtiialii.ll nf tile ItiiniT MiHllllllin >fPiill|i tu tllr Itn- lillllr- iii;iy
posxilily lx> iinliraitMl hy ilif inrnrriinr nf a iliki' nf iiinti/iiiiilii' |Mir|iliyry
iMtti' ■', till- HruviT M..uiilaiii ii'iiiiinnN nt tin' .'^Mi fm.i niilniir mi ihf -|iur
riiiir ii|i ciiiiwaril fmii ('iiiiiiipiiui riiilw.is •t.itinii. TId' ilikr (nr •ill'i \*
hIkiuI Phi t'li-t wiijf iiihI >nrli .- In itrikc ilnr 1 .1^1 iiliil «i»t, ll i- II Ifi'^li.
n I'lliiiiii'tiruiiitil, iliirk ^ni iiiHli-Kni.v rntk. imrpliy ritii' tliriiii);h lln' |irn|i itii'iK'r
nf Inrt-'i', liistrmi.'* llilltil^^^. Tlir imi-s nf llic rnrk in ii liy|iiilinii nr|iliii- Kruiiiilur
aK»rri'Kati> nf iiiiKit)'. Iinnilili'inli'. Iiintnc, lalini'luriti;, aiiil nrtlinrla^r, with
ai'i'('i>«>ry iliin'tiilr. ii|inli|f. anil liliiiiili'. Tlii- ^imi-ilii' uriivity is J mIT. I'lii'
iiahit (if llii'< rock i-i iiiinli likn lliiit nf tlm I'liiiiiiciilly lUinly/iil iinrpliyrilii-
olivine ^yt'nifi', tiiointli tin- phitrincla-i' -ci'ms licrc tn lie rcialiM-ly iniu'li ninrf
ubiindaiit. Tlu- rm'k lui'* Ihtii rlii-niticil a« a purpliyritir liornlili'iiiit' aiittiti' liintitc
Illnll/nllitc with plininiT.V.ttM of llinlilc. ll lllliy In- rnllll'II piirillinnlls with tlln
Koislanil iion/.iiniti'. which in that iii-c, wniilil he yniitiKiT timii the HciiKr
MoiiMtuili sciliincnts. The tiitfs aonciatcii with tlin^i' -'iiliniint-- arc cut hy
ilial)a'*ic ilikc-i iiinl hy hihrailnritc pnri hyritc ilikc-i which arc ilouhllc--* the
intrusive eiiuivalcnt* nf smnc nf the ha- • iiinl aiiile^ilie lli.w-. in thi- vnlcnnii-
(fmiip. Otic nf the hihriftlnrife piirj. (c iliken, hi . riiitf pliciiiMTy--N of
Inhrailorite in ii ilialuisic jmniiiii-iMa^-i nf ite ami Im-ic plairincln-c. fnrni-i mic
of the walls of an aiirifcrniis ipuirt/.-vcii at the I'riiiics- niiniiiK claim.
The fern-heiiriiiK arjiiliitc at the l.ittlc Sheep crei k Inciility i- ci.t hy a
thirty-fnnt, norlh--nutli. vertical ilikc nf typical aiitrile-liintitc ninnzniiite pnr
phyry, which may fairly he riKariled us up"plivsal fmm the hirtfe Itnsslanil
gtock of iiionzonitc. (^iiite -imilar iliki- cut tlie .ililcr miiiihiT- nf the Kn—huel
volcanic ^rniip on the railway hetwini Trail ami Uosslaml. I like- nf hnni-
hlenile-hi'arinif aiiKili"-hiiitilc iiioiiznniti' pnrph> ry cut the »rrca; inlriisiniihrceiia
about the Trail hntholith at the Colnnihia river.
Close hesiiU' the la-t-mentinneil ilike hut without eviileiil ;itre nlalinn
to it is a somewhat iiiiiisnal ro<k occiirrintr in the form of a twn-fnnt ilike
I'littiiifT the Trail vrniioilinrite near its contact, ami striking N. 1.". \V , with a
dip of 80° to the eastwanl. It is a ilark ;rray-^rceii rock, enmpact ami ilialiasic
2,-.a— vol. ii— 24
3
370
iniwitTMEsr or Tin: imerior
"Z^.
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
•T trapfwan in look. [^,,,1,.^ „ ,,,;,.^ •, • ,,,.,,
V .'nhH ir;;; ■^7:':""'-\ >-;'•"•' ''-l ^.o,, .l,.rived from p.vrox.Z
r^>. s'n tl I 1 " ' ""■'";■ '"" ''"' •" ''"• '•""'■'"^i"" that , rathor
.a o l?n. " '■ •""•?""""" f""" "f "l"Tatio„ from hornblende. In nnv
■aso, tl... .. ..a,, I., no <„„.-t,nn that nnirh original, pm-n liornl.londe h-n in ^hl
r-k an ,„tor..rtal rolation to the other e.^.tial. L,nulori ^vt^^^^^^ " T 'x ^
urall.y tn,; rook hears ,l.e san,e relation to ean.ptonite that .liadK^J, to
so,;t "'7? :;;%■' '^'""\'.'-.p."— -nv^taiii.ed i,eforo LmI:z
tun..t. , V. , I ' '■?";:"''■'■•'!" =^ «-t '■>■ '"•••">• 'rap dikes whiel,, „„f,„.
ieeh u-i i :;i,;rt\' " "'■r--<»;i'-ll.v. IVrhaps snel, a study wonld
"<rs oi tiie Kiisvi,,,,,! vc.lcanic pronp.
The Sutherland sel.i., ,.„„,pW i. ,„t I,,. , „,„„,„,, „f ,,,.^„^ „f hornldencle-
laS: ::;r;:,^;:r"^^^- "'"'■•' -'^ ■ "-nx.raneous .ith .he uJL
True lamprophy re .likes ar,. rar.. ahmp the traver-e. made I.v th.. writer
Th. m.net.e. cutt.n^ the I'..n.i D'On-ille phyllit.^. and sl.„es near the Co ,mbi,
and the Bcn.larv hno have alrea.ly he.., note.l. In the innne.liate v iein itv o
i^^ii'l.rzr"-'"-"'"""^-^"^ - — -'" '■"- - -Siei
About une-.,uart<-r ,„il,. west of th,. forty-fourth nu.,.-,v,st on the r^ulwav
hetweon ( oryel an.l Tas-.ade. a fonr-foot. porphyritie .like ,!f ean/^tl tie al"t
ts a s..cond .l.kc of pahhro whi.-h i,s..lf euts a voleanic l.r..e..iaTelo pinp
re r,ta...,us in aj:e). The youuj;or dike ,s eompo.ed of In^autifullv crvstal-
lized ,.li..morphie erystals of preen hornhI..n,le, aupite. an.l plagloelte
ombe,lde,l m a n,icro..ostaIIine. traehytic proun.l-mass of plapiVlase andTho
am. f.„„... ,„„ „,s. Like the rory..lI syenit.. the .o.-k is ver^ fresh and ou^fe
^Srt::t:.:^,^-' - -'- ■-" '•-'.-■'- whl-h h^c
Summary ok Str. cti ral J{rxsTu,ss iv tiii; Rossi.ANn Mointains.
Aecordinp to their d,.preo of .leformation th,. stratified roek, of these
hph '"'mnT'^ " 'r"'"'^ ;,".""■'''' '''^•"'""" '•■'- fi-*- -l-aracterized by
iughU ..,>mph.x erumplinp and hy mashing, inehnl..^ t!>e formations of pre
Meso.o,c ape; all of thorn s.em to b.. Paleozoi... as there is no snppestion .m'-
where of the o..e„rrene,. of a pre-Can.hrlan terrau,- in the RosslanTmountZ.
The e..on.l , ivision iiLhules the flows. pyro,.lastie<. and interhe.lded se,Iiments
L T ','"""■ ^"■"""- "■''"''' '""^■•^ "^•"'"■^' ''i^'" dips bnt lack the
chaotic strn,.t„re due t-. oropenie mashinp. The thir.l .livision covers only the
various pat,.hes of eonplonu-rate and sandstone, mapped on Sophie mountain
Lake mountain, etc.; th,. .lips of these beds may bo loeally h ph but on th^
m>:^^*'mmmm,
RF.i'ouT or Tin: chief .{sthosomkii
371
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
avcraff(> much l,.wer than th<. ,llp. of ..ith-r „f tl.o ..thpr tw.. r..,-k-.liviM..iH It
will he recalled timt <-..nsi,hrahle area-., eoloiir.-,! on tho map as • Il,>..hm.l
VolcaniL- Group,' are really uuiK-rlain hy the traps and preeustones of Palen?.,!,.
»ge. The separation ef th,^e fr,.m tlu^ Mes„z,.ie |M,rtion .,f the Ko-.land ffmnp
has so far proved impussilih'.
The uiiconf(,rm!ties demonstrated within the Boun.hiry heli are two in
nuniher. The one occurs hetwoon the Paleozoic complex and tiie Mesoz„i..
members of the Rossland volcanic jrroup an<l as80ciftfe<l sediments; the other,
lietwe<-n the coarse conglomerates of Sophie mountain, etc., aiui the older m.-n:-
bers of the Ho.-sland volcanic group.
K.xcei)ting the minute crun:ples. folds are seldom decipherable in any part
of those mountains. Tlu> much broken anticline ( ?) at Little Sheep creek is i„
fact, the only element in the belt which shows the semblance of the arch-troiip-h
structure characteristic of simpler ranpe.s. Faults are certainly verv numerous
but thor mapping was .,„t of the question in the time allowed for this part ..f
the Roundary section; an obvious diflicnlty in the way of making a us«^ful nuip
of the faults is the gemral absence of horizon-markers. The primary import-
ance of the breaks and slips in the igneous ro.ks particularly to the economic
geolofry of the district is emphasized by Messrs. Rrock, Young, an.l otliors.
The Velvet mine on th<. western -lope of Sophie mountain is locate<l on a zon(>
of master faulting, the dislocations occurriuj; along a number of nearlv vertical
meridional faults. This zone of faults luis ,|etennincd tlie l<,catiou of fthe
western) Sheep Creek valhy. Another master fault or zone of faulting is
strongly suspivted along the axis of the deep valhy of Christina lake, whcrebv
the traps on the east have been brought into contai't with the Cascade frneis.jc
batholith; this hypothesis cannot as yet ho proved.
The .structural relati(ms of the igneous bodies have alrea.ly been iliseussed
in the respective descripti<ms of the forniatiou.s. Tt will suffic<. here to note
the salient facts. The Trail ami Cor.v. 11 batholiths are typical cross-cutting
bodies, with the usual appearance of having replaced their countrv-rocks for
many thousands of feet of depth, in each case. Th<- <Muitact shatt.'r-zone of
th<' Trail bathftlith is perhaps tho finest. be<'au3.> the widest and also Ixst
exposed, in the whole Boundary belt. The shatter-zone of the Corv.ll batholith
is not so conspicuous at any point, though this body likewise encloses blocks of
the invaded traps an<l scliists. Ipueous bodies which have been injeofcd without
replacing country- rocks in the sense of a.ssimilating them in some fashion, an-
extremely numerou.s; they include the thousands of dikes, tho volcanic "neck
(?) at P ssland, as well as chonolithic masses, such as the one of svenite por-
phyry south rf the Coryell batholith, the body of abnormal olivine s.venite
near (liristina lake, and the various bo<lies of dunite and other p« ridotites.
The whole region has evidently been under the powerful control of ipneous
action, both volcanic and batholithic. The batholithic masses, ineludiutj stocks,
are clearly related in their genesis to periods of intense moimtain-building
whi.'h cannot be well dated from facts dcrive<l from this local study and must
be dated from analogies with ont.shle rejiions. T'sing su.^h additional itiforma-
i'")a— vol. ii — 24J
879
nEl'ARTMEXT OF THK ISTERWR
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
tioM th.. wrilor is in.-liM,.,! to r..,-o^n,i..,. thr..,. ,HTi,.,ls of strong n.onntain-bnil.l-
M o,.,..„.; h.. t!nr,l lat.. .\I„K-e„o. Ka-h ihtI,.,! .oom. to hav,. 1.....,, i,„M,o.liatolv
folowp,! |,v hntholuln,. intrusion. Apart from tl,.- ('n.ta..,.o„s ai.,1 oarli.'r
yulcatusN,, as W..I1 tl... important ,r..sion-perio,is r..;,'ist.r,.,l i„ tho nn.'onfonn-
it..s tl.r strurturos of tl,e llos-lan,! .no.ii.tains aro larjr-lv .xplain..,) l,v tl>^
gran:l ..v. nt- just euuui.Tato,!. So far as n.-onl.,! in tli.- ,.x,mM.,l r....ks the
ro^Mo,, appears to havo Imtm al.ov.- s.-a si„,,. (^,rbo„if..ro,.s tinivs. thou^rh at
any tnu... 1,^0, ver.es n.a.v show ,h,. pr, .,.„<•,■ of M.sozoi.. or Tertiary nu.rine
strata >n th<" volranf .•onipl.'x* M«.anti.nr. it ,-an he statod that this mountain
f "' "T '■' ''!■,""•'■'•"' *tructun.s to th,. rn-at.,! onw- rushing of a very
Heavy vohanic piU- and of its n...tan,on)hr,s,.,l I>ah.oz,.i.. fouiuh.tion.
'I'lMK UKr.ATlllNS.
With prcsont knowledK.-, the chronirli- of frcologi.al cvc-nts in the Ilossland
mountains .-an Ik- only partially .leeiphered. The difficulties in the wav of
•■on.pIetinK a systen-.at.e survey of their hi.-tory are the usual ones encountered
in the boundary survey as, indeed, in most areas cf complex ii:ountains.
Inipcrlect exposun-s, the rarity of scdimentar>- formations and the even more
notable scarcity ot fossils form part of the difficulties, hut the great variety and
obscure relations of the igneous ro.'k-bo.lies. both extrusive and intrusive are
resi.ons.ble in special degree for the uncertainties still affecting the geology of
these luouiitains. A tentative scheme of the geological events will be otfcred in
the present section. The groun.ls on which the scheme is based belong to thrcM)
classes: first, those which may be rated as observed facts; secondlv. those which
are regarded as more or less strong probabilities; and. thirdly, those whi,-h are
to a large extent theoretical, embodying principles derived from other fields.
Observed Fa,h.-U is convenient to survey the known facts of relation in
outline, as follows. Certain of the associate probabilities will be noted in
direct connection with these stateii.ents.
1. The cr>stalline linu'stonc of J.ittle .Sheep creek valleV and a bed of
calcareous quartzite at the O.K. mine wst of Kossland are obscurely fossilifer-
ous. Ihe limestone is .Tinoidal and is lithologically similar to that ocvurring as
^ragments in the volcanic breccia of Sophie mountain. In those fragments
.l.Coiinell found fossil remains which have been ngardcil as j.rohably of
( aiboi.iferous age. All these limest,uies are litliolo,i,ncally similar to the I>eii<l
D'Oreille limestone across the Columbia river. The fos-iis discovered by Bn«'k
m the O.K. mine <|uartzite are tentatively rcferr(>.l by Ami to the Car-
boniferous.
2. The much less nictaniorplios..d Sophie niountaiu <'<mglomei-ate, and the
argilhte-sandstone .series o.'curring at th." .-ros-ing of Little Sheep creek and
the I'.oundary line are also fossilifcrous ; in each case the remains are those of
Tr,assi!''|..va"s''nn'"tr'r 1';''"^' °^ *''" «'"*'*'''"'l ^•'"^'"'ii- Kroiip resemble the Nicola
AFiasNa ta\ai on tht* buutli riiontpvion ri\er.
HF.i'OKT OF Tin: ciiir.f astkox
OUKR
373
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
lan.l-plantH Thc.so f-.u,i.l at tlu- .n-rk l,„v.. 1,..,.,, t..Mtativ..|,v r,.f,.rr.M| l,v Von-
hallow ,o the W,.r (^rota..,.o„s. F.,r pr,...„t pur,«,s,.s it s.v.ns .„f,.r to r.-for
theso b..ls. ,„ore brou.lly, to th,. M..so.oi,.. Thoso o..,.nrrinp in th. .•onKlo.nora,..
arc too poorly prosorv..,! to 1... „f stratifjraphi.. sorvi..... Tho roh.tivolv
nnrm-tmnorphosed Heavor .Mo>,nfai„ ..-.lina.nts ..arry ahun.iant, .arlH.na.oo,;.
plunt-stoiiis hut no useful Wsil has lK>en dis.'overe.l
rarl,?niV'" ^•"j';;""- .'"•f'-i"^ "f -M"''l«' an,i Sophie Mountains overlie the
t arhoniferons (/) sediments niiconf.>nnahlv.
4. The Trail Krar>o.li„rite hatholith euts s,.i,is,s whi.-h are ain.ost ..ertainlv
h r,d« . t '" 'T "; "''"'""■ '"'" '"' "'" ""^"-'-"-■<' ■"— .ite and
noriitiletidite at the ( olumina river.
5. The Sheppard pranite ents the Trail frranndiorite. th.- l>..nd I)-()reille
schists and the eonKlon.crate on Lake mountain.
the R '']'"■ 1''""^ " •'■'■"'"' '""'"'""' '•'"' ""* •^■'^""*-"^^' roeo^^nixed men.hers of
the Rossland voieame f^roup as well as the Sutherland s..histos.. eomplex
voh.nni. "tho'T i "^ '''.""''-'"fi"- ^^enite porphyry eu, ,h.. li„„Ian,t
.. Pit no A ,W i'k ""7T" """r'"-^"'" "■"' "'<■ '•..n^rlomerate at Monu-
l..ent m A tew dikes . t this i„,r,,hyry e..t the Corvell syenite
.ncntioni ''-'''-«-'"'^' P-Ph.vry out the syeni,.. ' ,.,„„,,,,, j,„,
J^. I ho Corvell svonitc is cut l.v mi l<... * j*i
narrow dikes of sye„ite-a.ii,e. ' ' ""'' '''"^^ "' ■"'^^""^"- ""'' ''•-
10. The Sutherlan<l schists
eamptonite, vvliieh niav he a h
are cut hy at l<iist
11. The Sopliie
tniprophyrie der
oim dit
niountaii
ivative of the Corvell
.f
pirphyry; others of the same kind of dik
II <'oni;lon:erate is eut hv
uiislicari
syenite.
d
12. Th,
small stock of crushed hiot
eut the Rf
likes of nionzonite
.\f,
'iintain lavas
greatly inetamorphosed andesit
IJosslaiid Vol
ie ro<-ks
ite frranil.. ,.ast of Cas.-ade cuts the
date.
■aiiie group hut [irohahlv of Pa]
or /.'reensti't
les niapiXMl as part of th.
aleozoie or. at least.
pre-Cretaceoiis
1:!. This hiotite-pranite sto<'k is
< ut the older :indesit
cut hy dik
14. The I- if
.ins( mentioned.
!<■ lavas of the Ross)
es ol dunite.
.Mas
e and Haker jrahhroi
md frroup.
nd peridotiti
;scs of dunite
ut the
frreenstones
gabhi
15. A sn.all
lliotite-olivinl"-dialla^re perid
lotite cuts
Hak
:er
in. Dikes of the sv
of '• harzburgite " nortliw«>sf of ?
•enite porphyry irienti
undo
I'ut the f^mn
17. I.arpe dikes of hiotiti
Trail hatholith) cut the Pend IVOreill
hia river and Boundary line: diki
Monument 1'
^»rranite pon.hyry (prohahly upophysal from the
pranitp porphyry. A <like of hornhh
inotte.
Ie schists near the crossintr of the Coli
s ot aupite iiin.'tte <Mit both schists and
■nde-autritc minctfe cuts the dikes of aiifjit.
I'*, ^rany dikes of
s<hist.s east of the Columl
inmette and s„me of kersantite cut the Penrl D'Or
)ia river. According to Hnx'k and \
lUng. dikes of
374
nEI'ARTUE\T OF THE ISTIfUnii
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
nunctte, kcrsmitite. odinitc. six-ssartito. nn.l vn^-osito ,.„t the n,«n/.„nit.. an,l
aiigit<> p..rph,vnte at Rovslnnd, wlicre the mi..,-l„>npro,.l,vrPs nro of two auo=
separated by a period of ore-formation. '
1!'. Tho Kosshnid nionzonito .■uts tlw old.T (andesiii,.) inc.r.hcr.s of the
Ko.slarw volennie ^-roup. The r.mnz.mite is -ut hy i.itnisivos litholoKioally
Ml.M.T,, with the Cory,.!! .ynito n„d by .liWs of alknlino .yonite ,,orphvrv
(prolmby oqu.va oMt to iho biotite-autrilo syenit,. porphyry .nontio,,,.) „ndor
. ). .\1,.( onnoll. I}ro..k, an.l Yonnj? consider that the pranito outtinir the
Hosslaii.l TMonzonite is eipiivnh'nt to the Trail f Nelson " or "Older")
prnnodiorite.
20. The peculiar porphyritie (facetted) olivine syenite forms .small irrpRii-
lar masses ..uttn.K the older n,en'.I«.rs of the Hossland vd-'mic (fro„p an.l the
.still older Sutherland schists.
21. Some evidence on age relations may 1k" derived from the anioniit of
crushingr and dynamic metamorphism SMfTered by eaeli of the ditTerent forma-
tions. The observed facts may be here summarized.
The sedimentnrics of the Uosshind mountains are all strnn-lv deformed-
in nearly all of the bodies high to vertical dips have been iiieasurc.l'. The Pcnd
D'Orcille group of rocks, the Siith(rlan<l complex, and the fossiliferous lime-
stone-chert-quartzite series in Little Sheep creek valley are mashed and intensely
metamorphosed. The plant bearing (Cretac^'ous?) arffillites and sandstones
in Little Sheep creek valley are crumpled at.d faulted greatly but are not much
mctamorphnseil. The Sophie mountain conglomerate has been energetically
jpturned but is not much metamorphosed at any observed point. The other
bodies of conglomerate show lower dips and an induration of about the same
order as those soen at Sophie mountain. The Beaver ^fountain sediments show
dips rarely surpassing 50° and are not mctamorphose<l beyond the point of
decided induration.
The eruptives may be divided into three classes according to the amount
of crushing and metamorphism effected in each body, the evidences being con-
trolled by microscopic examinations.
The greenstones of the Pend D'Orcille and Rossland volcanic groups and
the biotite-granite stock east of Oascade have been intimately crushed and
largely recrystallized.
The second class, representing bodies which have Imcii sheared only locally
and are little metamorphosed, includes many of the andcsitcs and basalts of
the Rossland group; the Fife and Baker gabbros. the Bossland monzonite and
latites (rarely sheared); the Beaver Mountain volcanics (very rarely sheared);
the Trail batholith (often strained); the Sh.ppard granite (very rarely sheareil
or strained) ; some of the minettes and other lamprophyres.
The third class includes bodies which are not noticeably (in field or labor-
atory) crushed, straiiuMl, or metamorphosed dynamically. These are: the
Coryell syenite and the dikes cutting it (biotite-augite syenite porphyry,
biotito granite porphyry, aplite, missourite); many minettes and other lampro-
phyres; the porphyritie olivine syenite.
^;^i^:
.J&^'^^
kKi'our til- Tin: i iiif.f .isruososiKif
375
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Slu'i'p
Prohahir Iu-lalw„,.-TU,. „,„ro .iwail..,! iK-s-Tiptions of the fnrnmti.ms ,.on-
tain stutemwit. of ..prtnin ,r„„.l„.ions wl,i.-h .-im onlv Ik- r.^rar.Iod .h ;, f u,lv
stron;. l,.lan... of proh.l,iIi,y in ,..,.|, .a.,.. A .Imn nun.nu.rv of th,-.. v'i, u',
will 1... of use in a,.,,roa.l,i„ff the final .■orHation. The , vi,I,.„,...s in th.ir
favour will, tor the ni.,>t part, he fonn.l on <.arlier patfes.
1. Tli« fern-learin- M,..,,/.oi,. arKiilites an,l .andstones of Littli
valley overl.e the l'aleo..„i,. (Carhonifero.H lin,estone-ehert-,,nart/it.
.meonforniably and are overlain, with apparent eonfnr.nitv. bv the
mountain-S..ph;e tnonntain hreeeia n{os-laM<i «-n.iip).
2. Th,. eondonicrates -hown in the four ninpind areas are e,p,ivale„f in
age and are yonnRer than .ome at l.M.st of the andesite. u.ul basalts of the
Ko3slnnd vol.an.e frnuip. while p^-rhaps .!ii,hlly older than the latites
•i. Ihe inon/omte porphyry dikes euttins the Sophie mountain conglom-
erate, the Beav.T Mountain -..diments, a.ul the Little Sheep creek (Cretaceous')
sediments are ot the same a-e as the Uossland monzonife,
4. The latites are tr,.n, tically connected with the Kos^land monzonite and
both are vonng,T than the ^^r^at ma-s of th<. Uosslan.l andcsite and oasalt
5. Ihe gabhros. the dunites, and other peridmites between Hossland and
the Christina lake-Kettle river valley ar.. ^'eneli,.ally eonne,.t<.d with the
andesite-basalt Tnot grcenst-me) phase of the Rossland voh^anic j:rou|.
(. The syenite-porphyry dik.s cutting the Sheppard granite south of Lake
baSi'th' '""' «""'^"'''"t^ ' ♦' ""■ ^'Pophyses from the Coryell syenite
7. It is assumed that the last fireat on.senie r.-voluticn which has ath..!..!
this region was that at the close of the Laramie. Vertical t., vcrv -t,,,, dips
are taken, theretore. to mean that the ro.-k.s so ,lefor.i:e.l are of pre^Eocene age.
All the sedimentary formations and, so far as known, all the lava, and pvrn-
clastics of the ten-mil,- belt often show dips whi.-h are o.uch higher than those
characterizing, tor example, the Oligocene beds west of Midway. Mo.lerate
folding and faulting probably affected the Rosslnnd mountains during or at
the close of the Miocene (as in the region we.t of Midway), but it has not
proved possible to distinguish the results of that deformation from these due
to the post-Laramie revolution. The Pend D'Oreille group and the o,h,.r
(probably) , aleozoie sedim<.ntaries of the r.'gion were ,!oubtle-s more or less
deformed near the close of the Jurassic, when the-e m.-ks may have I,,., n
crumpled and mashed to a degree rivalling their iir.-ent c,,n,Iitinn
S. The tcnta.ive correlation is partly based o , t'le law that granitic (l,«,i,.
ohthic intrusion follows periods of in>re or less intens- mnu-'ain-buildin-
and seldom or never affects undeformcl strata. The uncrush, ,1 Ml syenite
batholith and its satellites, lamprophyres, and aplites are refer. , ,he post-
Eocene orogenic period. The older, partially sheared but not g:, tlv crushed
trail batholith, the majority of the lamprophyric intrusions of the region md
the greatl.v crnshc.. biotite-granite stock east of Cascade are referred to the
late Jurassic period of deformation and intrusion.
m
•70
i>t:rMn.\n:\r nr the iktehiok
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
ro/Tf/,i/,on.— (• l,ii,l„tf facts aixl |.r..l.alpilities. the f(,ll(,winir tal.I.' of the
fonnnfi.-n- „p, urrinp in the Rcsslaiul inoiintnins lins hoeii propiir,.!. Tlw
fiririiitioiiH arc nanip.l in groups which arc not to J«. considered as strictly
.•oMtcniporaiicoiis hi.t aio to he inten»rftr<l in tho li«ht of the foro»roiiiif
statciii, nts. The tahli; carries a heavy hurden of hypothesis and every
rhroiioiot'ieai tal.le for tliis district iiinst carry the hiirdeii until the «e.li-
nientury formations are more ch.sdy .hite.l. Tiie treiieral *(picn(c of the
formations i-^ m..re certain than their rorrehition witii the r ionized ireolo^rjcnl
systems. The tatde i- to he read and used only in llic lijrht. of the manv ihuihts
expres-ed or implied in the for.fr.jiii>r i)v>/e>. On that ha-i, th<' tahli' i« offered
as emi odyinK the stronger proliahilities; mi understood it luny i>.rhap< he of
s*rvice in sufftrestinj; future ohscrvatioii- or. these difficult terran-'s.
' Hjotite-Krniiiti' poriihyry (liken
Hiotiti- aiiffite »yciiit<'"|i<irphyry dilci ami ilionolitii.
Sycr.itciiplitf diki-n
Ciitnptonitf dikfB ..'...'..
MiHHoiiriU' (like '_
Coryell Kyeiiin. Iiatliolith '■■.■■.....,..'....
I'orphyritic oliviiii' Mytnitf ii.ukm'h '.'.'..'...
Soiiif of thf aii(;alai:,|.riipliyre« (?) ........
Shepiiard (rraiiite KUicks an<l (iikeB
Heaver Nfonntain Kroiip
lCim(?li)iiieratc of S<iptiie momitaiii. i,ake mountain. et<. /
Trail i^ranodiorite liathiilith
(■ranite Nt^jck ea»t uf C*aHca(le
Kiwslaiid moiizonite ; Bhonklnltic rocks ; homblendite at
Ccilunibia river
Latite* of Ktwsland vulcanic group
lixially crushed Dunitefl; liarzlinrBite (etfuxive?) ; Fife and Haker gab-
lirrmand i»-ridotite
Much ande»ite and baaalt of KoBnland volcanic gniuii.
with argillitic interbe<lH
V PlautlH-aring argillite at Little Sheep creek ..,.'.
l^ncrUHhe<l.
Trrtiarti (Mim-em- .' to
hccent'}.
l>eforme<l and
M.'whert and
metanior
|)ho8ed.
Metozoir,
Uncontormivv.
j'tJreenstoneM and older andenitic rocki of area iiiaiiiied an'i
underlain'"" '-' ' ' - ■ ■ '
X ana older ande»itic rocki of area uia|i|ied i\.x\
lin tiy Riwulani" volcauic ^roup ; fos«iliferou.s /»,i;f(i:„ir (Carlmii-
ne.«n"' and (piart/.ite of Little .Slieep ere.-k • (■ri,ut at feait in
lirnextone. _ _
valley ; phyllite, quartzite, limestone, etc., o'f Tend I
U'Oreille group ; Sutherlanil schiit complex I
111 rl ).
Vr %t«.^4"?3i'3C>;''
2 GEORGE V,
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
A 1912
CHAPTER XIV.
FORMATIONS IN' TIIE MOT-NTAI.\S HKTWKK.V ClIlilsriNA I.AKK
AND MIDWAY r.U/-////,. /i.irl of Culinn^nn Mnnnlaxn Suslrnil.
(iKNKFIAI. I»KM KII'TliiN.
As one fr(>ss<'s till' Kcttlf riviT-Clirisiiiiii Inkr Viillcy lie iiiiiiUMliatflv
iiicoiiiittTs, in tile Hoimiliirv licit, n \ww fi.ninili..|i wliirli ,1,,,. i ;i|,|«.„r in
the H'.s-luiul luiiiiiitiiiiis. It consists in a tlicm. uglily MirtiiMi.ir[)li<.si.<l. lii^lily
jriii'is-ic j;riiriitc l.atholitli, hero namod for <onMMi( i the ('Mscinl.' irmi — ic
butlu.litli. Tho ciisttTii limit «f this licdy, iiiarkpil a^ it i~ l.y tlic -Ip.nir valley
i>c<'ui> f'i li.v lak« and river, i- also a nfltiiral dividing' line l.etwiv n t le rock
fornuitioris. The batholith hrlonjrs, in fn.'t. to a complex of t'..niiati..n- uliicli
centre alxmt tilt' " Houndary Creok ininin>r di-trict." jn-t a- llic t'ormalii.n-
cast of Christina lako centre ahont the Kossland mining.' caini' Within
the fivp-milo Botimlary liolt the fonmitions oc<.|irriiw het\V(»f>n the lake and the
nionntain ^lop. 9 jii-t east of Midway arc helicv.-d t.. he all of pre- Tertiary a^c.
The Midway (volcanic) forMintioii, de~, riled in the ni'Xt chapter. m, to Ik
tiearly rcfcraldr to the Tertiary. It covers a iN-latively larfrc area at and wc-t
of th<' town. We may therefore appropriately place the westprn limit it the
area discns.sod in the present chapter, at the eastern limit of the .Mi.hvay
formation. (Sei> Maps N'o. :• and 1<>.)
For thp infonniUion lierp jinhlishcd rcjrardinfr tin-- area the writer i- \eiy
larnidy i idehtcd to the printed iiriliminary report- <tn thi> ;.'co|.il'\ of the
Bo\inda'y Cr.-ek niiniiiR district, hy H. W. lirock (Smnmary r.'porls ,,f the
Director of the (ieoloyical Survey of Caniida for llMil and VJO-2). Mr. Brock
spent nparly all of tw.i arduous -en-ons in a dplailed wpnlopical ^tudy of t.'ic
Boundary belt (here ahont 1:1 miles broad) lMtwi>en <;ran<l Forks and .Mi.hva-.
It seemed then fore inailvisahh- for the present writ<'r to attempt a thoion^di
survey of this stretch. lie has. accordinfily. simply made tx.o rajiiil tra\( is,.-
acrofi; the mountains 1 etwei ii tl:«> towns tnentioneil. so a- to attain a uen, lal
aci|uaintance with the rocks as des<-rilH'd by Mr. Hroi'k. In addition, the writer
lia,« ina<le idoser studies ot the rock- between Ciiristi? lake aiid fJrand Forks
fis well as of the Midway volcanic-. It is cpiit*' jio^sil that most of t ic r,.ck.:
oc"urrirf.' betw< en Grand F'orks and C'liristina lake are much older than an.\
of the formations which are vidumetrically imp irtant in the area dcsciihed
hy Mr. Brock. Partly for tlii? reason as well as to preserve in -oiii-- mca-nrc
th(> east to we-t order of treatment which is beinj.' followcil in this rcp.irt. ihi'
formations of the Chri-tina ran>rc will be first dcscrihed. Th-^rc will follow
an abstract of Mr. Brock's re-nlts w'licdi are here recorded as seems ln-i to
377
378
ithi'\Ri\n:sT itF rin: imuhioh
2 GEORGE V, A. 1012
suit the |)uri>i)-t'!4 nf tlie prt-t-iit rfpnrt. Fur (•(invt'iiictn'c in (li-cu"i iikI in
co-r.liilinn a f i w -| inl numc-. iire divcii to the fMriiwiliniuil jfrmip!* iis (icfincd
\>y Mr. Brock; tliij i. done with t\u- ro-npcnition nf Mr. lirock liini-i.'If.
'i'lic roik* in tlii.s pnrt i.f ilic Honmliirv l.i'lt iin , «i, t\ir. cntinl.v iinfo-sili-
fc-i'iis Mini it is iinp(m-iM(> to .Into tin- ilitTiTc^nt fnrrnati.iii> with ii--inr:iMic.
'I'hi- writiT'- I x|MTienci> (hirin;r tlic H<iiincl:irv surv.-v, iipci-iall.v cliirinjr the
niap:iiiiK of the Kos-laml n:oiintiiin- and ,i< tlio- • Isinw hitwcm Midwa.v and
the SkaKit river, lias siiKt-'f-trd certain I'orrchitiuns with llie recL'ni/cd fcolo-
Kicnl perind-i which are sone what ditTcrcnt fron th nc imidc hy Mr. lirock.
IFi-i olirnnol.jrical tul)le will he reproduced in order t.. -h"W tlie diffireni'i < of
foni'cptinn: the tahio will once he nji'fnl in illn-tr.itinjr tin' •■liarai'ti r of the
rock-i eiH oiiiitirei) in the ' l.oniidnrj- f'rcek District.'
(ieiihifiiral Foimuli-oiis af the ' Hoinularn Creek- Dishlif flirorh).^
I'liij-tiKitiii ) I 'Ijk'IhI liiiil rccvht clc|HMits.
I liijeotLiiiiniif iiitriivive BliivtH. kn* mi) pliitonic iii.'mstn. Ore iIi'ihmIu,
Tirtiiiry ' . . voUuiiic tti.H».
I I'litf". »»li Ix-ilrt, vdlcaiiiu eciiiK'lciiiifr:iti<, » lthI. mt- ami »lialf». with a
I littl" lii;nite.
.Iiir»»«ic r (JniMiKliiiriti .
P«l..«.Mc? I .S.r,».iuim-
I tin !'n iM)rp!iyrite.
niri'cn |«irphyrite.
Paleozoic'' ■' ^"'Iranic- ooii^lomirat! ... tutf», ii.«li In^ds. witli arcnacci .u.i liiiii st(ini>.
' I.iini'BtoiiCH, arifillitcB, cpiartziti-.
CrystalliiiK HchintH? tineiKnc-i ami "chi^ts.
Within the (ive-inilc Bonndary helt the oidy rock^ corrcsiw.ndinR to the
Tertiary jrronp li>ted by Mr. Brock hilons to the -Midway formation, which is
not con.^idered in tlio present chapter. In the sheet ucconipanying this
report the 'Paleozoic?' yolcanics are mapped under the nnine 'Phoenix vol-
canic group'; the 'Paleozoic?' arffiUites and quartzites are niapivd under the
name ' Attwood f?roup'; the ' Cryr^tallino «chi<ts;' are recofrni7id as in part
made up of a schi.^tose complex, mapped under the name '(irand T'orks frro\ip '
and for the P.st (within the five-mile belt), made up of a hijr'ily frneissic
granite intrusive into the Grand Forks complex and mapiied lender tlie name
'Cascade gneisMC hatholith.' At (irand Forks these crysfaliine nx'ks are oit
by a small intrusive stock, mapped under the name ' Suwltcr frranite." Tht
'Green j)orphyrites ' are here mapixd with the same Cidour as the Phoenix
group, with which the porphyrites are frenetically connecteil and from which
the.v are vi ry hard to differentiate in the tield.
Grand Forks Schists.
The doininai-t mui. try rocks of the Cascade prranitt? — the (irard Forks
schists— include a -cries of .whistose t.vpes, which have been completely or
§ Summary E«port, Director of Geological Survey of Canada for 1902, p. 9,5.
KKVitHT (If riif: I iiit.f isritosuMiu
378
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28»
•liMOSt coinploti'ly rccr.vstallize.l, .-o rhat tli.ii- priiimr.v !iiifiin> i- (.ft.-ii in dmil.t.
For th,' inc. St i-urt thiy m nm to liavf Uhu oriyiiuillv l.ii«i.- i-xtni-ivi-s uf uiiili-iti.-
:ui.l lijis iltic chariK'tci ; in |r.,s ilnfric, inlni-ive ;iii'i lii.iritii' i.r u'lil.lirMid, <,r -luji-
iitiiry, iirifiliiii'c.iii^ ro.-kv Tln-r li.n." 1 n iii,t.iiiior|.|iuM'i| tn ,.\vr-
varviiiK' plni-c . ,,( nir pliilMilitf, tim-nniiiicl orlliociasi-bcariiif; lioriil.lt'iuic .-■•liiat,
hnrnblr;i(loi'|>' '<)te-pliiKi<i<.'lii-<' >i'hi-l, iirtiiioiiti- -i-iii-il. miil liii.titi-, limit. ui\<-\-*.
Mont! with tl[,-o, thick h iisi s ..r \y(>(U of white cr.vstalliiit' liiiw-loiif arc i'Kcr-
bi'ddcil. Thr liiiif^tniic !». a-! vet. iinfo-siIifcp.ni^ hut rp^ciiil)). s tlw (arl.iirii-
fLT^us linie-toiic (.ccurrinj? al)oi]t IScs-Iatid. It cr,|K nut .m each ^\:\<- ,,( the
Kettle river Mst «f (inind Fork-" and i-^ t.iitntiv. !.v mapped a< fMniniiK thirc
otie Inrire hixlv. Mr. Bn.ck also rc|i<,rts small Icii-es uf lim(tt<ine in the l.a-ic
schists of (ibsorvatinn inonntuin.
Coticeniinp the cmplcx Mr. l{rii< k writes (in Ids report f..r UmiJ. pap mi):
'Tlhcsc roi'ks have a strfjnn lithi.luL'icul n sendihuKM^ to the An-hean rocks of
the Shiiswap ^cri.'.^, and are tlic eldest rocks found in th • area covered hy the
present inap--li<et, Imt they may po-sihly he more hit'hiy metiiniorpho.,.i| arj.'i|
lites and limestones snch as are found elsewhere in this district.' The present
writer i.as found no new facts with which to raise the denht e\pre><cd in tliis
>eiitcn('e. hut provisionally and in the interests of frreater simplii'ity in the
jf(ol .gical interpretation of the r srio- . take, tlic -c<'ond of the alternative
views.
(".\sr.\i)K (Jnkissk n\Tin)i.mi.
diniriil ])ixrrii'lion,~V nnn Cascaih. t„ Crand Forl:s the tiveiiiile hilt is
chietly underlain hy a relatively oil intrusive hody of jjnei-sic jrranite which
extends an unknown though but short distance to the northward and an
unknown distance to the southward i.f the belt. Within the belt itself this
mass — the Cascade Kiieissic bathnlith — covers about forty square miles.
Its eastern contacts A-ith the Rossland v.dfanics and with the Sutherland
schists are hidden, so that it is inipi-siblo to state, with full confidence', the
relation of the Kranite to tliese other two fnrmational proup*. However, as
already noted, the older traps ui the Ilossland proup are cut by a small sto<-k
of crushed gneissic franitc on the southern Hank of Castle mountain, two miles
east of Cascade. While the stock granite is frreatly altered it se<ims originally
to have resembled the rock of the Ca-cade batholith in essential res|W>rts and
the correlation of the two, in a tentative' way, seems permissible. The .Suther-
land schists, as exposed alonff the railway east of Christiiui lake, are traversed
liy dikes of crushed granite porphyry which may also be regarded a.s possibly
apophysal from the (^iscado batholith. At the same time, there is no means of
determining whether the main contacts of the batholith with tliese eastern schists
or traps are now intrusive contacts; the iiresent contacts may have been estab-
lished as a n-ult of meridional faulting along the valley of Christina Like,
whereby the granite has bcvii faulted up airainst the trap-schist cnniplex.
aao
itKi'AKiuF.sr nt rut: i\rtnioR
2 QEOROE V, A. Itta
Tlu. wi-t.rn .M.it.iri „f tl,.. l.utlu ili i, wvll ,x,m,«-,| «t m.v.thI |>.,„its in
fhr fn.. tnil,. l„.|t and it .•|..„rly ill.ntrut.N manv of th.> familinr im..|.o.n,Mi«
-f l.n»!i..litln<- mtniMun with \\w l.u^ic %vW\*\*. ^iifi^.p^ nn,l ^r.ciiMoii.-. ahoiit
(.rnii.l Fnrkx. (In., of fhp l,...t and nio-f a.-ro-Mtil,. lornliti..* for oh».,.rvitiK thi.
relation o.vnr- on the niilwivv. fmir mil.w ..a-it of (irand Forks -tadon.
Tlio Imtliolitli luw Im-oii xo iiitcnsclv <-ruslHMl that it is jrontTally KneiMir in
liiifii d.ifn'c. So proniiii.-iit i- this siru.-Hiral foaturo that tho whoio mass hn«
In'oii niapiH-.!, ill tho rcooniiaissaii.o WVsf K„ntoiiii.v sh.ot of tin- ranadinn (ipo-
loKioal Siin.'v. as hrlonifinir to a Kroii|. .,f Ar.-ii,.ati rrv-lMlliiw s<hi>f». Tho
writor holi.^vos, howcv.T. that flio hatl.olith was iiitni<h>d possihlv, if not probnhl.v
lonif alt.T tho ("and.rian \wt\,„\ and that <h.. km.msmc .tni.tur.-" wan dcvelnpod in'
post-I'aii'o/.pii' time.
So th-roii^'h has U't'ii the shoariiiK and inashini; of the (frniiit." that not a
sintfio I.MJKo of uii.i,.foriiiod rock was r.T.,Kiii/.od in tlie wlioh- Hvc-niil.. holt. In
phu-es thf (franitf ap|«'ars fairly niassivo. but n ••nrffiil cxanunati^m nf the oiit-
.Top ami rsiH-oinlly ;;i<> microsoopic study of typical handsiHviin.Ms ,,f i|,is
phase, show that tho (onstitii.-i,, minerals have Im-oh strained. wariKvl, Kraimlufcl
or re-Tysiallized. The s|H'eimen- which seem most nearly to approximate the
original tirunite ar.' li»fht Kniy. mediiim-prained. ^neissie, though not han<le<l
ajfgrcuates of .imirtz. feldspar, and l.iotite. with a small, variable unioiint of
ac(c,,ry apatite, mnjrnetite, titanite, and rare zircon. The oriKinnl rock wns
tlm. most probably a biotite jrranite. It was a ty|«. differing from the most
common mien jrranite oidy m carryiiitf rather nore pla>fi<K-lase (andesine-lahra-
dorite. near Ab. An) than orthr>ela-e. Quartz was present in lar^e amount.
If honddcn.h. or pyroxene were .■s^eiitial. such a rock would form a typical
grano.iiorite. The >iMU-irie ^^ravity of f.oir specimens ,,f th(- fairlv n'assivo
phase varied from -i (174 to :.'"lx ami averaireil I'-tiMl.
A'(i/i(/v a,„l ()>■;, III, of HaiifliiKi.— Murh of the batholitic mass lias, however,
been nhtamorphose<l into a well bande.l ^nei^s (Plate :!1). The hamls differ'
in mineraloK-i,-nl and chemical comiH.sition. not only fr..ni each other but
also from the rapr. more massive an<i less metamorphosed phase. Ke|)rcsenta-
'ive samples ,.f the baniWd pneiss were taken at several lo.-alities and subjected
to micros<'opic examination. The bands are found ever.vwhere to belong to
.■ither one of two kinds. lesiH.ctively lijfht-eolonre.l and dark-e.doiirc>d. Fxeept
for a few isolated urains of cpidete and yet rarer >rarnets the ban.ls are eom-
pose.l of the same niineials that form a massive (rneissie pranite. The ban.lint;
i^ here simply produi^ed by the varyinjf concentration i the mineral.
In the light-coloured and more ac'id bands the constituents are chiefly
(linrtz. orthoclasc, ami andesine-labrad( rite. wifh(|uite subordinate biotite and
only the ba'cst trac.s of the acwssories, apatite, majriictite. aiul titanite. The
last two almost entirely or .piite fail t,, appear in the thin sections. By tin-
Ko-nval method a rough estimate of the wei^-bt ixrcentaiics was ma<le for a
t.ypi.al siMcinien collected on the railway track about two miles west ,,f Cascade.
The proportions are as follows; -
I'l \>t .'t
Wy.
« V.
^l
SESSIONAL PAPER No 2Sa
8u»rt«
r«h«).l»w •■■•■J
Aii.l»«ii,,.|„br«Uori»«., .'.'., .".' if" I
Hi,.ilt, 11-7
ApuMtn ftr " 3H
■■'i
Th.' i|»..-iflr ffrHvitv of tl.i. I,.„„| i. - ,|:itl. """*
A .imil.r .. .....i.. ,.f ,1,.. „,.,«h, ,».r-.„in«... „f ,i,., ,„i,„,..|, ,„ „ ,v,.i,.:,|
•litrk l.nihl i..„v,. H -tmii^lv ,u.,tni-t..| r.-iili :
Quiirti
Orthorla^r.. 17-7
)i.l l.l.r.i,l„i,t,.. All, \ii, . .■' .■•''
Illotitf. «tl
<l.iinrt '."."..".. " '^
MuKtii'titp ■' '
Tit»ni»» '.. ' ''
Apiitite *
'I
Tl... .iNTiri,. «Mvily of tl.U .Imk l„M„l i> L'l.MI. '"^''
In .1... .lt.v..lo,.,„..„, of tl... 1 1..,l ,,rN,.tur.. th.-r.. 1„„ ..vM.miIv I,.,,, „
urk l,,n.U w.tl ., .•orro.pon.linK' .•.„„.,...,r«.io„ „( ll... .,„.,rt. n>,.l orti I,,-,.
. Ih. I.,fh, 1,„m.I.. riu. .,K...iri,. Brrn.ifi... nn- ,lir..-,l, r..| ,..,! ,o ,| „„ , .
n. .on, a-.,| , .ff.rn.,H...tiv,.Iv. fn,,,. „.., , ;,,. ,„,,,, „, „,„ ., J I
less ull.nMl |,||„..*e ot th,. l,atlio|it|i {-J.iisu)
Tl... .lark h..,.,U ar... o, tl... averaKo, ,„u,.h ..urrow, r tlu.n ,1,.. I.^h, o,„..
Imkne,-.., ot ,„ore t..a,. o... or two {m.-Ih-s l...i„,. .„.it., „„,,„ "^ ,,„..,
.1. , ,.r.. >..„an„..,l l,v ro..k whi-h. al,ho„«h it U Kn.-i.M-. l.a. ....arlv ,1.. < .
r :;■;;. J';:'::r;"' ""^"•■'"■•' *'^"""- '•' '-'^''""' ^ •'- •>-'>-'
a...l .» ,, irol.al.le ,hut tl.i. i .-l,ly nura.vo,,. ,,ha^. of th- ki.,!-- 1,, I,.,.,
pro ...... ,,.o., a 1 ,,,„ ,„ „ , ,J, ,„_,„.^.^, fr,r 1,.. nj
Kra. t... followe. l,,v ,!,.. r. ,.n,r.,ll,.a.i,.,. , , . ,at „.at..rial in ,1,.. x ., ,.r 1
<>v-r lar^.. ar.'n.s tl,,. halholith is fr-- from intr.miv- .lik... \ f ,.
I...M,. ,|,k-. w..r.. ol,s..rv-.| ,.„ ,h. Cana.lia,, I'a-i,i,'ra K .v r a -I • V . ' """""'
I.>r,.,., ,,,.1 pla«,o..la.-, a„.| ori.i„ali>- wa- pn.l.aKK- of .iial,a-i IJuS; '
S.MKLIKH (;R\MTIi SnxK.
GraMci 1 ork, ,-J,.,.s are .-..t l,v a l,o.. or s,..all rou,..li,h sto-k of a ,p.i,.. ,liff,...„t
382
nEfAKIMF.ST or TIIF. iwritinR
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
Z : « T '""'''"'«'' »■"' f"' "'«> I-'n."so ,.f ,listin,.tio„. ,1„. .„„lv ,„nv
h«' cnllpil tho Sniflter stock.
„m I'l'?'?""'*" r " "*"'',' ""''*■"'"'' *° Pinkisl. -^-rny, Kne-graine,! rock, generally
ma s.ve but .o.netnne. sl.owi„fr a parallclis.n an.on^ ,ho cn.titwc.s Quart;
cl. -.Pflr, lu.,rous Mack .„,phil,.,l,.. and .iark-^rccu p.vroxcne ar. .iisc ruil,!.:
m he lmnd-spec,M,cn Each of ,|,e h..t tw.. i. „ui,.. .uhoniiuatc hot), iu <i,c
n, nunder of ,n.i,v,Iual. Fu-lcr ,hc „,icr„sc,,,.. the fcld.par is .con t„ ho
;i"'l a. he, ra an.l a l.fti,. n.afrnCitc arc tlic other accessories. The n,u,,hil,olc
s a peochnnc^recn hornhlcndc; the p.vmxcue i. n strou^lv coloured ''roc
monochnic au;:,te, ap,«,reutl.v reh,ted iu its optical propertic's to a-^vcrite Of
hr,H^ „„..n.cop,,. preparatious of the rock not oue gave se,.,ioMs favourahh-
or dKscovenng the ahsorpt.on scheme or anfrlo of extinctior, of either mine- '
ISoth the fetuu. ,„„,erals, where „ot grauuh.ted hy pressure, are gre;
corroded l,y the .uagtna ar,d .Kvavs ur iu a u.nrc or Ics scrappv couditiou.
Ihe structure ,9 tho tvpicnl pani.ii,u,>orphic-;:rai.ular, hut a ^rrou.Uvy
gueiss.c structur-. due to .Tushiug has ofteu heeti superiuduced
rhe soh,9tos>fy never approaches the perfectiou of tlu.t iu the M,.i-hhour-
.ug ( asca.lc granif and handing was never ohserved. This aplith- hornblende-
pyroxeno grnuito .s, i„ aj,,., ahnost certaiuly pre-Mioc'cue aud is prohahlv poM-
lrmss>c. hut the evuhnco for a cIom. datiu^, of the intrusion i. laeki,,..'
Ihe specific gravities <,f tlirf^' fresh s|>ecimen- varv from ■' <l-'tl to ■> ilv'
averaging 2-64.'i. ' - - 10 .n.,..
Attw(k>d Skries.
As already noted, this nan:e is propose.1 for the a,ssemblage of metamor-
phosed sodt.neutary rocks whi.d. together compo-e the oldest serie. exposed
within the 'Boundary Creek district" proper, unless
Forks schists and the Cascade hatholith. Thi
we except tho Grand
new name is taken from that
ot -Attwe,,! 1, oimtain which ,s situated witliin tho five-mile belt and is largely
compo-ed of the rocks iu question. Tlice liave heen .le^-rihed hv Mr Rroek
as follows (TJeixirt for 1902. p. 0(!) :—
'The limestones, argillites and .Miart.7it.es cut bv scriXM.fines form a
series whu'h closely resemble the (^.clu. Creek series (Carboniferous) of
the Kamloops district. They oc^-ur iu area, of proater or les. extent iu
a inost all parts of the .listrict. They ar.. always more or le^ss motamor-
pios.vl; the limestone is peucrally white and crystalline, ailhomrh occasion-
ally a core of black or drab ]im,.stone is t.. be seen; the arcillitc. are or
were somewhat cariionacer.us but ar,. fnqu.-ntlv alten^,!. .\ hornblende
or mica s.'hist found in the Long Lake M^giou seems to Ik- an alteration
torm. J-requently both the limestone and argillites arc alt.re.l bv sili,.ifi-
eatini, which, when complete, produces a quartzite-Iike r,i,>k. Tn the argil-
KF.i'oirr or r,n: rinrr AsTun\„MNif
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
383
Phi"al relationships. Thev ,1., , , / ''''^^ '""' ■'^'"■""' ^'^"'''-"■"-
They probaM, IL .t:. ..f ^ r: ^L''^- •■"'■'" '" ^ '"•--- -''k^-
'•overp,! s„uther.i Jiriti-h C.lmMhia.- ""''"" ' ■^"''""'"'■^ "'"'■l'
An.i./tr:':^';! :;;;;:;:!iT,;r„ '"■''-: -^■'^ "- 1'--- ^
Fork of the K^ti<. nl.!; t^::Sa'1:\ ■" "" ""^; '"■-' •'' ""• ^■"■"'
alt.Tod grern.stones of tho l„.lt r nr \ . """" "' ""' """•" '■'""P'-'-'l.v
or ash-he,is i„ the true Simrn, f ;, '■'""'■""-^■"-'"h ha.i,- h.va (low.
<li'li-"lt.v in the ill .„! '%"^ ""; '-''■'""'• '•"• "" "'■'■""-•< "f the initial
i^ k^:.: wH' '"i:!,:t ::'r;:;:"""if ^"^^ """' ^^' ^ ' - ---
•■f ''Pinion that Mr. lir-k ' ' ..-t n ,"""r "'T' "' '""■'■^■"••- ^"-'"^'^
l"<>ii;fenM,s (,,r„l,ahlv Carl,., f V '."-"•'.'"'*'' ""■'" ''^ .'.iniva!..nt to the
stone ro,.ks o'.a.r ^ l^uT'? T"" '" '""'"'""■■ """♦^■'i"' ""<» '"ne-
»-nv>np. are extrenj,! kV, .;''■:'''' """""-"- •■i'l,olo..i,.all,v the two
-'I -l-r relation. L t ;,:Z:::;^Z:J:ZI ;7--':""-"li^ i^ - ^li.M =
are strikingly sin,ilnr. Ilen.v ,h,. writ.r : 1 t'"'T ",'"'. '"'"'^i^'' ^■"■l<^
•■orrelation of ,he Attw,.o,l -,.,ie. w t l.h, H c ^''""^ '" ^"^ """'"i-
-ou,.e. reeogni.in^ti,e ...SMhilitv ,h ,J T .• 7''^'"'''" ?"'•"": ">""^'' "f
-ay he i„elu,,e,i i„ the group a. a.in.ailyn '.;;;;:; '" "''^" '"'"''"• ^■''""'■"•^
<"Mi.i,i!nK AM, II,,|,m„.,:m,|; Schist^
"".iJJLSrt t,s;:r;h.:;'H:;.irr'''-^ •' "'"■'"" -< '-"''-'''• ^"..i-
"-cur in the .ive-n,il. , o, 1 1. f," " "'""""'"'", '^"" "' ""^^ """•'-*
formation. Mr. Bn.ekV !,r , ' n r 1 7" """■""' °^ "'" ^f'''^'^'^' -''"amV
.■oncerning these n.etan.orphie ,,..': Th: 'i;:;v"," 7' "'"'^'T' "'^-"'"♦-'>
phases of the Oran.l Forks .ehi t ',„ ! L i "' '^'l-uvalents of eertain
— of the „,.,,. .ree:'ton:!:'::; Dili's..; '""■^' '"-' '"■ '''^'"^ ""•-''
an.a'!';;;r;:;,:;-:::v:e;;;::f:i; ;;,::: r^'"'^^' ;;r •""-• " -'•^"
^'--.■■. ^or the purposes of J-'^^trZ T^ ^ 1? ;^- '-^
384
DEP.iRT»f:\T OF TUF. ISTFRIOR
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
smnil "ins- of vol,.atno r...k win..), has Im^.., ii.t.Tpreto,! l.v Mr. Hro.-k as a tn.o
ne<-k whi.h IS much later in .Into than tho main Im,lv of mas.ivf lava m.!
pyrooiasti,. matrrial ro„n.I al>OMt. T„ the latter only is tho prop,.s,..l „a,„,. to
he applie, . Mr. Hroek's .les.-ription of the ^'ro„p is hest sriven i., his own wor.ls
(Report tor IdOJ. p. !t7) :—
•TIm. ol.ler pyro.histi,. roks and porphyrite- are wi.le.sprea.l; in faef
tlie.v are the <'.,ninioMest roeks in the .listriet.
'This series of roeks consists of ^reen tuffs an.l voleanie ..onKlomerates
an,l hreee.as. hne ash an,l mud U-ds. flows of proen |.orph,vrit... and pr,>hal.lv
sonie intepl*dde.l linn-ton. s and arj^illites. The tnfls. eo„^.l„m,.rates anil
breeoas .-onsist of a mixture of p,.Kl,les an.l l>o„l,lers of ,,orphvrite n.aterial
wifli a >rr.at many fragments (pn.hahly a lar-o proporti.>n)' ..f the roeks
thront'h wlu.'h the v.,l.-anies hnr-t. I'ehhl.'s an.l honl.lers of limestone
arpill.tos, ,|a-,,er an.i .hert are ..onwnon. Sn.d. of MTpentin,. an.l ol.l ^^ranite
nn.l ol.! eontH..Mu.rat.s af mn,h rarer. In form the pehhles and hould.-'
are n, , ..le.l, snhan^nilar, an-ular and of irregnlar and fantastic outli .
So.n..tnnes tl„,v ar.. son.ewlui: sorte.l bat often they are tnmnltnonslv
arranj;e,l (a>.'>fl.,merati.). He.Is .,f mn.l, ash an.l tufT alto- to rapidly with
car-,. v.)l.-;uii.. .-onfrlomerates and afjfllomerates. Sop .es tlw^ matrix
S..MIS t.) he formp.1 of porphyrite inje.te.I h.-tween the n..nl.ler.. I.ime-
st..ne. n.,w .ry^talline, s,.en.s ocoasionally to have been infrhandcl with
tliem It IS often arenaceous han.ls .•ontaininsr rounded sand trrains an.l
pebhi... alt..rnatin>r with pure lin>est.,ne. The sand an,l m.hbles are well
sorte.l ami thes<. arenac.M.ns hands are sharply .leHm-d from the pure limp-
st.M:e. The matrix ..f th..se hands is white .•rystallin.- limestone. Arfrillites
are a'30 mt.rhan.le.i to a limited extent, althoujrh it is not always possible
to .h-tinguisli the vol.-anic mu.ls from such se.limentary nuiterial.
•The p<.rphyrit<. seems to be a little lat.T than most of the pvroclasti.-
ro.-k< although some ,,f it may he interhaii.l,..!. Owinp t,. th.> alt.irati.ui in
th.s,. r.,eks through mountain-bnihlini; i,roeess,.s an.l ..ontact nu-tamor-
phism. It IS not po-sible t.. M'paratp the p .ri.hyrit..s from tlie pvroclast:.^
r..eks, on tlie map. The p,)rphyrite is u.sually too hitrhlv altered to make
.Hit Its oripmal chara.^ter, hut it -eems to liav,. been lui aufiit.-porphvrite
similar t<. that of the We-t K..otenay .listrict. In places it is afrplomeratic
■Th.. -reat .dianffes pro.lu.-e.l by moirntain-buildiinr pr..c,.,se.. an.l
later iffn.ous mtmsious, make it .lifficult or impo-sibl,. to .lis,-,,ver the
hi>tory of th. >,. r.)rk-:. The first part of this jierio.l of v..lcaiiism >,emed
to hav,. l.e.Mi on.. ..f h.^avv explosions with prri.„l> of s.Mlim.Mtatio,,. ami
to have b,.,ii followe.l by a ix-ri.,.1 of more .piiet lava fl.iws. Th.. amount
of niater;al e\tni.li.il must liav<> ln^.n v.'ry pri-at.
• .\ very -trikiufj: f.-ature in these ro.-ks is the way ■ wliii.h islan.ls
or irrcK-ular masses of the ol.h
idimentary roi.ks appear in them, [i
part, these are inchide.l fragments, in part they may represent infol.l,>,|
masses in truni.ate,l antieliius, or in,..pialiti..s in the surface on whi.-h
this old v. l.-anic s,.ri,.s was .leposit...!. Appre-se.l anticliri,.s an.l faults
REPonr OF riiK ,,„f:f astuoxomer
385
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
limestone inoh.L-Jns nrr o otc i'.;- [ ',"7"^ '■""■";''•'"- •'"' '" ""'
Un.lor pressure the UmZnZ '^""''"f ' "'' ^'luocze,! infen-alate.l l.cls.
liko io,L J;ht:TT;-::::i'-r " '•■'■" •-■ ^' '- ^f i-i-io,,.
s-cm. ,o have been formed imn e.l aT W t"";; ''",• ""' "''"'"''' ^'"'^^
is therefore probablv Pala.ozo r I„ te t . '!"' ;''""-7"^'^>- -•!•-• =-.i
loops di.tri.t. also. ...en ^Vl^ l,:!:r" ''^"'" ^ '' ""• '-■'-
a.e tttut^'"''"' ^"""' "^ *''^ ^-^-'-'- ^"".ar, ,„ ,„. ,r ,.,..,
tains, where the iJs'an X ?• ^^r ,',^ " ">'"'/o"'>'J '- the IJos.Inn.l ,no„n-
in the rarboniferous Tne V ew ,n^ '' T"" " '"'T' '■" "^f"^"""'^" ->'I ^-ek
bulk of ,he Ro^slancI volean s ; of X " '" ^"'- '.'""""• "'^'^ "^ *--"'
which are in part of the sanrna.r 1 '^^ f"'; T ^"""•''"' "" "^"ments
by Mr. Brook for tL I'Lnix a" •,' '' .' '? ^""" "'^^ ^^'"'^ — ''-'
of the belt bHween Orrd F rL \nJ mX ;"K'T^"^ ^"""■''■''^"
position ,,iffer..nt fm™ th at tatn v A Z^k^'^'^''-': *"'^'"'^ =>">• ''^fi-'^"
tbe Pbcenix ^ro„p al-o is largely of Me 'J ,„ ^'""^ ^"^^''"'''^ "'^"
the siM.ilar amlositie n.embe; of lu P , "" ""■':^'"r>'^ ""'-"- with
reported anv latitic phaJshore - 1 I--^1«"'I Rro„p. Mr. Rro.k ha. „,„
but their P-ence iJliXu ;n ^1. r.::; zlT"! 1 ''"r':'" '"^'-■••
has been npplio.l to the > Bolularv Or • H . h ' 7 ; ■ "'""t"^' ■^""'■^•^'^
however, the resen.blanee „f ,he Pho.ni^ •! Tfo f-nnat.on Tn any .a^e.
the parallelism of their .K-a WO \ Kossland ^mnp. Iitho]opi,..aIK. ,„,|
direet e„rrelation h^^'^M jI:: T T"""'''. '"'"' '" "''''" "■'-
and ar..-llitie f.-a^Jnt., f^to .J^Lr^^'^T:^ ""'t"'':'''' "^ ""-^
that those sedi.nents were thoroud fv eo S ^ 'i • '"""' ''"•"'' ""'''-'" ^'
the major eruptions took pW T-? r te' t " "-f--'rpho.ed l„.f,.n.
volcanies are really in di tlne^ •> lead, one to susp.et that the Phonix-
however. ,n the wrif.T-s opinion, wi. pe,". ■^'- "-^'h. . The ,„„.-t,..„ ,-.
Serpevtink.
.^[a
MM
386
i>f.r\in\ih:\i nr iin: iwtKiuR
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
wliicli ii cms a.To>s the LcMinj; of tli,. ,.Mor wk. and in tl.c coMtiict
iM.tiniM.riilMsni it rnxliKvl. In ,,l„c.s truces of the structure of the original
enii.tiv. rock .an he niiMc out in the scri)fntin,.. In Centrnl ciinip the
terpentine is nccnM,.nii]l,v smnewhat fihrons. iipprnndiiiifr nshesto^. Near
the K..om..o-Mc('arrcn Cnek divide it s.enis t.. piis. into a soai.^tonc or
talc. Often it i? altered to a rii»t.v atTrejrate of .Irdomit." (and p.rhap-
other earhdiatp-) and white .piartz vein^. It is daihtful if all the serpen-
tine in the district is nf one nfre. Boulders of serp-Mitine are found in the
Rreon volciinie eonplonierafes which w.,nld indicate tlint some of it was
older thni. these pyrodastic rnck-. On th.' other hand. soin.> of it seems
to he intrusive in the ^reen porphyrife whi.-h is of a little later ago than
these videaiiic ci,n>;l(p|iierate.s.'
X.. detailed petrography of the serpintine has hecn piihlish.'d. The fact
that the majority of the perfectly aiuilofrou-i serpentine masses of the Ros^Iand
district, and, a- we shall see, of the Rook (r.-ek district we^t of Midway, have
been derived from typical dunite, it app- ars that the 'Boundary Creek district '
serpentines have also ori-iiinted fro,,, intrusion-, of that rock tyi>e. The s^Tpen-
line« of nil three districts have been correlated ainl seem t ^ Wst repardeel n«
t'eneticdly as-^ociated with the great amh-itic ( |iorphyiite . -xtrusive masses of
the resp<>ctiy,> districlK.
'-'^'fi:^
GlIAMinioRITK.
Finally, it remains to note the many Miiall stn,.ks nn.l other intrusive
bodies ol gran di..rite. which is the youngest rock in the five-mile belt between
Oran.l Forks and Midway except the Midway v.dcanic formati.m itself. Mr.
Brock's summary account of the rock may be given in full (Report for inoo
pp. liS-99):—
'At various iX)ints thmughout the whole district, bosses, irregular
masses and dykes of a light gray granitoid rock make their appearance. It
is a quartz-bearing ' iotite-h<>rnbleude r.,ok. in places apparently granitic, in
others rather dioritic. It is iirobabl.- that it will prove to be, generally
a granodiorite. It so,„i9 out numerous dykes throughout the country,
e-p cially in the southern portion of the di-trict. These have usually li
pori>liyritic -tnicture with a micro-granitic groundmass. Some are granite
poriihyries, but a gr.-at i umber are quartz-diorite-porphyrites, as are also
s,,im" ,.( the smaller bosses. On MeCarren creek, north side, are some basic
hornblende gabbro-porphyritic dykes which may belong to the same intru-
sion. In places these shade off into pure hornblende rocks.
•Thi- firanodioritc is cvi.leiitly iiifniMvc cutting all the rocks above
mentioiu'd. The mec.anism of its intriisicm is extremely interesting, for
it unquestionably f reed its way up throufih the overlving rocks by digest-
ing them and rifting off fragments. This i.. proved by its contacts, both
along tile sides and ronfs of the masses These are. except in the case of
tlie dykes, rarely sharply defined, but are irregular and suture-like. The
I
inrunr ,,r riii: ,111,1 \.'^ii!»\,,\,ii{
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
387
is exposod in small nl; "^^ '" "''•'•'' "" ^-,„„H.,rito
in ,liff..rent pnrt". \h 1!;;,. ^X;'''" '^ T'''''''''' '""""'"' •""^^'■^•
nio„ntnin. I„ „,n„v ,.„ c " « ■ ^^^''"'^^'"n .-n.np a.ul „„ Ifardv
prani.i,. n,a.,. Fr'n .low v ' K ""'T'"'^" """ '"' "-'»■"-' '" '1-
i" "H pnrts .f ,1 o , " It '" "■'":'';'■'■ r^ "^^^'^ i'^ ..ppnara,,,.
'1- Pfl.. is un,Ierla n v i ' . k "t •" T ^'^ "''"'" "** "• "' "" '^-■>'
*■ ' "' ''"^ Ivootenav ili^tripf >i,,»i, :.
"= .ts rolntion.hip to ,)„. -nrr.„ndinfr r ,ok Tl Y "'"""":"'"" /""'
has ,ccn rarpfullv tt„.i;„l • '""""P ''..oks. I Ik- Y,.|s<im prahit., «■ 1 .•|i
nifo <rr, u.. ,T r y • " V"'^ "^ ^'■''"'♦" '•-P'-'-'ntntivo .,f tl». ,„o„/„-
Its .on,posht;* •: a'tiio:;;!" ''"""''"•■^' "■"• '"'""'" '''""■^^ -"' '"•'"'-
Analysifi of grnnodlorir
SiO... .
TiO,. .
AI.O,..
1-VA..
FeO.. .
MgO.. .
CaO.. .
Na,0.. ,
K.O.. ..
HJO.. ..
PA.. ..
Rn.4C
Ml
am
4.86
4 -.58
■29
.08
99-93
greater percentage ;faEin.'rS':/tr'" "" /'"f"^-"^ ^'^ -"tain a
it has acquired fro„, thrrksimiir. '''';"■ ''"" '" "'^ '"•■•*"'i"'
represent only a leal J iari v '/VT^ " '""■'"'"'• '""' '"">•
"orth and cast of this dWri.t n 1 r-ni ., ^ ,'"'""'*'^ °''°"" ♦" t^e
Creek rock in all prcl "• l! ' "' f "''° '^ "'^ ''"''• »''« "oundarv
it< n.e will .,e aho.!; V^ as,io. t^^Z^^^T^ --"'. i-;.sio„. ,f .,;.
in tin. distr-Vt.' " '"' '" ^tralnrraphi.'al poMtinn
CORREI.ATIOX.
2;)u— vol. ii— i»5i
Ir'B
1
388
in.i'MnMh.M in /•///. istf.iiiur
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
sohi»t»; (2) that the Smeltc-r jtranito stock cuts both those formations; (3) tha:
all three formations mentioned have been crushed and that the two older bodie*
have been intenaely metamorphosed during orogenic movements; (4) that thj
heavy masses of aggrlomerate* and tuffs of the Phoenix group contain many
fragments of the Attwood limestone and other sediments, apparently iiidicatinir
that the latter rocks were already well (.onsolidated, if ncjt somewhat metamor-
phosed, before the I'hwnix agglomerates were formed; (5) that the Attwood
sediraentariea and, in apparently less degree, the Phrcnix voleanics are intensely
crumpled and sheared; and (6) that the granodioritc of the region cuts botii
Jlio.«o groups of rock and has been itself not seriously deformed since its con-
siijidation from the magmatic condition.
It should be also noted that, in the northern part of the Boundary Creek
district and thus outsicle the five-mile Boundary belt, Mr. Brock has mapped
and described many small bosses, dikes, and sheets of porphyritio alkaline syenite
of the pulaskite type. This intrusive cuts all the dther fonnations of the
district, including conglomerate, shale, and lignite-bearing sandstone with
associated volcanics, all of which Mr. Brock regards as almost certainly of
Tertiary, and iierhaps of Oligocene. age. He points out the groat similarity
of the pulaskito to that oompofing the Coryell bntholith and other large bodies
of West Kootenay.
On the whole, therefore, it appears clear that the succession of rock-fornia-
tions in the Rossland mountains and in the ' Boundary Creek district ' is
strikingly similar. This is, of course, not surprising, in view of the fact that
the two districts lie side by side. Tho point is specially stated again, since it
is chiefly this parallelism in the histories which has emboldened the writer to
draw up the following tentative scheme of correlation for t'ne rocks between
Christina lake and Midway.
Correlation, I'hrhthm Laki to Mkltrau.
(rlaci.al .ind Recent (tepOf*its Pldnt'iccnr.
Syenite and syenite porphyry (north of five mile belt) Micraie ■
^'onglomerate, »anditone. stiale, and lignite (north of five-mile l)elt) Oti;io<mr.
Chifitij Sffnozoir '
t'X(K>SF0RMITT.
S<Ti)entine, intnuive Uxlies
Phu-nix eroup :
PynicltWtics, flowrt?, and
Contem|)orani'iHis intrusions i if porphyrite
tSn\elt«'r granite tUxk (»plitic satellite from Ca>cade batholith ?)
(Jranodiorite stocks, dikes, etc \juraiiii\
Cascade gneissic liatliolitli J
Attwood aeries (argiliite, ipiartzite and limestone) Piilto:oir, proluMii
I'arboiufcroiif.
Chlorite and hornblende schists /
Grand Forks chista .'
•m -
:J.-i^^<. :
■(•''■ 'ii,;;--:
r^^^'hs^-^.
'-'■i.-^y
I'l M
I
2 GEORGE V,
SESSIONAL PAPER No Jba
A 191?
CHAPTER XV.
FORMATIONS OF THE I IVK-MIl.l.; HKI.T HKTWF.FV MIDWVV Wl.
OSOVOOS LAKK rMIDWAV ^IO|•^•TAl^^S AXDAxVurmVl
M<'l .\TAI.\-l'l^\TEAtj.
I S llinM ( IliiS.
A larg.. bo,l.v of the Midway volrani,. tonnnti,.,, ....v.-rinr the ma .,l„.„t
M.dway town iom,, a natural .e„l„.ic«, p.-vi b.v i.solf/ Tlu.: U v
ol 73 ' """^' " "''"■' *^" """"^ '-^— >'ist .cries' is ,,ro,'os«l. Tie
Irea T L . 1 i tK"'"' ""T^r' " ^'^ '"'"'•' ^'''"" ^'"^ -^'"'-"y vol..„„i.
..^L r '■•"""!"'*-' "■^P""''' "f ''^ foundation rook., forms a oonvoniont
^oo^raplucal un,t. ,hc Roolopy of which will he ,l..nril.e.l in this ..haptor.- S 1^
■Maps, Aos. 10, 11 and U'.)
Besides the two rock groups just n,enti,.ued a fos^ilif,.rous. Tortiarv .ori. ,
..f rocks wd be described under the name Kot.l,. River fornuuio. : er
the sed.ments the .^neous rock.s, extru.ive and intru<ive. will. a. u-ua le
He8onbe.l ,n tho.r resKctive order of ape. So„,e intrusive phases of ill,, tv m
«. 1 be cons.dered betoro the corrcsr,ondi.,p extrusives. The largest cxpo.e.l
which will be dcscr,be<l .n the next chapter^ is named the 'Rock Creek chnnolith '
Jt 19 intrinsically of special importance and its petropraphy throws much lipht on
certain members of the Midway extrusive rock>.
AvAitciiisT Skrik-;.
General Descrit,lion~h-i-om a ,,oint near the confluence of Rock creek and
John,ton creek westward to the O.oyoos pranite batholith-a distance of about
twenty miles-the Bour "^ry belt is almost entirely underlain by a hiphlv mcta-
morp hose<l. chiefly scdi...entary proup of rocks. These compose the Anarchist-
mountain plateau rPlate 3-) an.l may be called the 'Anarchist series.' The
name is literally not inapprop^iat«^ for these rocks cannot as vet be reduced to
stratipraphic order or structural system. The serie. i. also represented in
detached areas l^tween Johnston creek and Midway a.ol unqucstionablv under-
hes the Kettle River formation and the Midway iava^. It is separaicl from
those lertiary formations by a profound un.'onforniitv. We^t of Osovoos lak<-
the Anarchist series is probably represented by a yet more extcn^ivelv meta-
389
aoo
/'A7M /.'rurv; nr rut: iste
molt
—-4
, , 2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Mmr|.l,„8i.d Kr„„i) of n.-k, l„,„r„Ii„K ll„. (K„v.m, 1 „l, I..
,.'ri..< "No.nri.. |„.|. „ kwmn I.. I„. „,„|,.rl„i„ |,v fj,;,.
■V'.twitlistandiliR fh., , .uliTtiUU. urea .•„v..r..,l l„ ,h . ■
l">'K.I tivUl nn,I Lil,„rutorv .ii„lv /:, " >"f'' ''> flu> .orir.. a rath.-r pro-
I'oiial oontini.it.v ,.( ,|,.. (il,,-!,! .IriC , . '" '' .""^'* ""; ^"""'1 i" Hm- -x.-op-
H very aoo-sHil,],, tUc. fa.t. t... k- W ...1 /, ""\" "^" '• " '"'""i-'h tlm ...,M,>ir.v
Ilk' rocks lit ili|. ..li,., lull. I... I I I
n-iy..ni ...Can :i,,iV,;;- '';;:,;";■'' [■■'"-v';:'^" 'r""-- ^''*'-
>l-ies an. ..uaruit.. am , hv I ' " ''' "'''''l''''''"'''' Tl... ,Ii,mim,M.
<iru>nstonc. i, Lxti inlr,. ,\'''?'''r'^ '" ^'''^"" ''I""' Proportion.
.'. -.n,l,„.. ,h. nsso-ia^r- r ;;i!^ . , n',?" ■ ■"""• "m'^' ^'"■'"'"' "
r.<-rystalli.,.,|. i„t.rlo,-kin^ ■ rt. ^ • -•■Mf „^ , he n.nnl appearance „r
-.■i-ito,an,li.l,loritei„nd„„ 1 p;,ir ' T" '" " '"""^ "^ '■'°''"-
sory. The m.-k U sometimes -lid , ; |. 1 .1 ' 'T":"""''.'> ""morphie nece,-
"^ver into silii.iou, liMu.-hri. M , ''; "'"' '" " ''"' "''" '"^''^ I'«'«-
arn-lIa,.eo„. -....er; re Vn- a i;, , "'i',' '"''7^ '""' '-'"^'-'.v "''-"la-
^.-.ion. ,...n.ini.d .a. ori.ina'^S.i;;; '!::;:;:t • ri;i:;i;;;" "^ '"^ •'""
n.etar,.illito erops ..ut U is „, i ,1|.' ^'"/^^" ■""'"'•^--'Hi'"- Wlw>r,. the
beddiu,.. but M.eh fi.rtnn,! i •.,,,] .'u.l'ti""""; "" "'"""''^ "^ ""•' ^'"-
to bo di.eerni.,l i- the .,-hi-t. it ■ T " '' ■""'■""■^'1 l'!^"- .'^Mnllv
''•'■"i'-'t .int. 'IV es ^n ; ]^^^,, 'r' T""''- "'"' ''"■•'^ ''"''-»^'-">- "^ 'l-
^ -ring here i„ ditfe n ,"; Th f T] '" '"-"r """"•'^"^- «''""'^-
obiefly due to the inelu.ioM of .frW,' ;. ' '"'' "" " '" "'*' '■•"•'^- '^ ''-'I'"'-
....art.it..s the pbylHtie rXlre''^ ^ d'h^^ll^I^,-;' "f ' \ f-'^- »,.
at many ,>oint. by b,,,.. veins of .-hite „„art" "'""' ''''"^'''- "'"'
Ihe hme.^toiie pods can nevei- be fnlLmoi f
HI rum III nil « ///// \>iiii>\i,\nit
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25*
li'iil I iFirvi-ii'c
301
hlflliv
■ r;iJi
rock ,„u,t U ..on..,l..r..,J ... l.,w in „,,.«„.,i... A, . ,.,.,.,.1.. of !„, ,i ! i,
the i,..bx.,.nul ,tr,„'turi. „f . ...,ral-C,a^'m. nt wa, fuu>„l l,„t !,. .,!.,,,
search, no lu.ful f,.s-il «•„. ,|.f..,-t,.l „t .nv noi./t T i / ' "
I «t I n . n.| ill .iM\ point, 1 I (' iiii'k til t.r-riiiin' roitiniti
i;r:;i:^ir;;;:rlS';:.:'::nr;;;^ •' "-' ' '^"■•"■- •^;-
~SMt;:\,^r,tt:;,:;'Jt,",rl"S,t,;r::;,,r;yr:
^ri.,t;;v'™i;;s'^;::;'::.:^-;:.;3'S!r';:-'-
seldnn. , tn„....l ,> ,,1,.,,. ,!, i,,, ,„ov l.v., ,.,,1..,,,,, ,,„'„',, „,,.
fou„,I fau t.n.^ >tr,.t.-l„„^r. .,,,1 ,„a,l,i„.. ,vl,i,.h I,,., aff.,., ,| ,1 ,|„.r , „,
of tho «en... rho oc „pnM,in^ al„.,-.„i„„ 1,,.. ,„,..„ .,. j,,„ ;' , j
So far .t ha. ,.rov..,l .„„ „->iMo ... i...a„. ,|„. ,„„ ,„ ,„,„,„„ .,, ,„, ,„■' J-,"' . ,
a^a . It .„,.„>•. ,-..rlaiu only ti,at tl„. ,gi,,,£rat,. tlii..kn,- r..nn-,.,„ „„ •
lu.n.Ws .,f t,.,.t an.l ,.,-ibly .overal ,h,„„a,„l f..,.t. '
The Mr...nstnm.a Mro M.-tably „„if„rm in thr-ir pro-nf ,■„,„,.„.,•. !.,., .„, 1
were pr....a y a, n.arly „,,if„r„, ..ri.inally. Tho lavL n,u-t hj;,' ,,:„;'
o.tl .T Mt „r has:c an.loBite. Fonr,,..-,, .hin -...,ion, hav.. 1,,.,., ,.:„„! ,,|
under the niiiTcsroiK'. \n un n.,. un ,;. ;. i . • i ^.^lMIll,l
. ■.„■.>. titv !• ,1, . • "■■ii^Hial .nat.nal pn-oni i„ any hiri,-,-
basicUA , epi.loto, <.al. It,.; ..|. orit-; and HiaKU.tif. Tho r.„.k-tvp,.- thu, i„..I„d.-
mass.yo gr.enstono. chloritic. ...hist. opid.„i,. -hi^t. hornl,!,.nd ■ Ll,i,, , i I
amphhol.to. Ih. ,.on,s,ant, n...nrron,.e of ,h,.<. banal .-hara, t-rs and i, ^i
throughout the ^..dwny ,nn„nta,ns and Interior Plat.au. n. .aniplod nh.ntr th,.
Boundary hn.pa „er,v„,ion from the same hasie n.a,.na,i,. tv,.! when.e h •
<-on;e so largely the Kreenstones of the world.
A-a<Mre o/ ;/,_« Melamorphism.~\ pron.inent feature ol all th. ,„eniher. „f
the Atiarchist .sene,s ,. their notahle metanmrphism. The ra>He of -„rh reow-
talh^at.on ,., hy most groloarists fonnd in Mynande •••.etamorphisn, ' Of lat,
years Term.er and others have raised the que^tio,- whether thi. prin-iple has
had an essential port m the production of the cry-ta!line s..hi^t- Tn f,ot
i>n-\i!j\n\i 1,1 nil i\iim,,n
,m:.^^J
... 2 GEORGt V, A 1912
p:^:^^:-: :i:z4.:;::r::r ,1:::;;;^'^"^.:; r -r "-
r.l..iv,.U l»r..,-f„il.,l ,''■;, l'"l";lth n^nu. 1,.h ih.r.. ,,r...ln... ,|
•imility l,.tw.v,; ,1,., \ ■ '""'"""'• "»•'■" '-■ ""I I. .. >U'rU\v,\ .lifTerpn.. „f
"r.iiii,e« of ^ If £ 'i: ';:r' "■ ;'"r'"""^- ''^''" ^-^^ •'"■'•• -■•"-'
I'.v II,.. ...ti..,, r „ I, '••.'-■^ ■"■''""' "•'•^- '■..m,,loteIv reor,v,ta!li^..,|
■l-P bnrinl. h , , . : J''''^ "-t.... un.l.T ,.,„„li,i..,H of .I,>n,l uv,V„ ,.„,,
-t- ^-' '"'■■■::' ." 'i.:::::':;;":.:' :;r;,;;vi:vr:::rs,:r', :? "r --:-
rorks cr II iiinijv ,-1,. . . ,. -.1 • , :inr.'(rc| till- (iiitiliiMlli
■ - rock, i, ...,„. ,„„:, ,: ,:"/ v.iVv '. r'^-'f"''"" "^ "^'""''
b..rie,l. ch»r«..d will, ,l„i,|. nV ' ,1 , v .''l " "■■"''■ "'■" ''"""'^
or uura s..hiMs, ' "' ' ■■ '•■•^•^f""'>'" 'o n, t. f,.n„ pl.vlli,,..
FkiK K CllKKK I'M l,.\l, HnCKS.
the S;!!:;: !;J;;;[,!';n;r't;:rT'"!' """ "' 'i'"!""'^ '"'"^^ °'^*-"" ^'-■^-
tho ..r.vk. The o , , i .1,;) '"V"""'" ;""'• "" '^'''''''^ '"^"^ """'' ^^
probably Posi-VarlZl. Z -^ .£^'Z."^^ "'' ^"'^ "«
she„re.», indica.in, that it al.o iu';. IZyX^JZr'"' ""^'"^' ""''
alterS'I'lIe'' oS;;:,^" i:!;^^""' '-•"""-^a-cd rock. It is greatly
i <"f. r. IVrtiiiir. <'nni;i>
\ i«imii. IWO. pr ,">71.586.
«.^,lu«,,,„. ,„t.,,,.„,„n.,|.. C",„p,, KpVda. Ninth session.
Ki mm nf nit i nut \srm)snyrn
SESSIONAL ;HPER No 25a
nn.l interHti.ini ,,t.<.rt/ nr.. ih.. pnM.nr.v rx i,.,. i|,„ rurU „,av |,..
1.1 n hirititi-hornbli-n-li' ilioritn.
303
■• i tiPil
f..w ■■" "• ,'^"'''" "■^'<'' -"'- »l-|.li.v-o^ into »|„. .li„r|„- „,„l „t n
«r,m..,,„r,t.. ,, rafh.p .nnm-urflin.-l nr.t „f „ r...|.li.t,.ffn.v ,..,I,.„r n I, lid.trr
';'" ,"'■" 7 ♦?" '''•"■'"'■ Tl" nstitu..r,f M.l-pnr^ inrl..!,. 1,„.|,. .nn.l,-.i,„. i,.vr
-Ml. Am clnm, „„,„.. vvltl, „rtl.n,.l ,„,l rni.Tnprrtlut... Tl tl,, r .-..ntl.!-
iir.. <,.iHrl/ l,iM(,t... aii.l I,..i-nM,.,„Io. rnrl, „f nhi.h l,r., „,.ti,.„I .•l,,,r,..f.r- liK-
flio^o nf (ho p,..,.„.,iv,. ,ni„..r,-,U in t| I.|.,r ,i;,.ri.r. Tl.i^ m,!. .... U „■ . il.K
'■ni« ir.| „n,I nlt,.r,.r F,.M...... ,.,,1..i,.., ,„| K,„|i„ „,„ ,,,,. „,„„„|,„, ., „,,,,.
fOTlsfifiirtlf'i.
niorito ,....1 »rn li„rito .IUnp|...:.r nn ti„. r:,-t un.i.T tl„. l.rhnrv nrkn.,.
n'l'l l.'ivas so tl.nf thr «|,„1.. „rlt'i„nl .■N.,.,it ,.1 tl„.c,. ,,l,„„„i,. 1„„|;,.. ;. „„t
known.
A InrR..r nroa nf >,.„M.ulmt ctmsI,,..! Bmno.lir.rifo i, ...xp,,-,..! ,„ tl,.. 4......
Pxt,.n.I. for an unkn„wn .li-tnnr.. so„fl, nf ,1,0 1 n.lan li,,... It son.!- ,, ..„n.
-imMi.MH. wi.Io npophysi. ,„.r.lnv„r.l to tl,.. K,.„i,. riv.-r at tl„. ' [{ivorsi,!.. IfotH'
fho mor by a strong . l,ko „f ,1... snn,,. r,..l.. -uttitiu- li.Mo.toMo a,„l ntnir.
o„t ,;7;'«7>'';''''''?- ' ''^,"''''';'l-rit.. i. pra.ti..all,v i.l.M.i-al wi.l, that .r.ippm.'
o t at the forks M Ho-k .Tcvk but has a Kwi,i,.,l ..,.M.a.t,,|,a-. r..alli„l. ,!,'
niiarlz uioritps.
/;.,m7,..-I,„ni.,.. urM.ra'ly „ltoro,| ,„ ..rp..,„i,„., ,„.,.„r- at two ,!i|To,-.„t
an.l too. shown nnor„.,.op,.-all.v to i,av.. I.oon ,loriv...| fron, „ p„ro olivine-
chronuto ro..k, wore foun.I Th.. stniotural r,.|ations an.l total aroa ..f tin. l,,lv
ooul.l n.it bo noo.ratoly .lotortnipo.l. On the west an.l .o.ithwost it i. .ithc'r
rorphyry On the oast tho sorp..„.i lisappoar. !,..noatl, tl„. riv.T ur.x.rU an.i
It was not fonn.l in plaoo b.-,voM,l tho livor.
w.,„/? *''"•'•'•''• *""""- "'■ '«'"l^ '■'^"'^- 'i>mn.^.lint..ly bolow liakor omk. a .onio-
what loss ob.o„ro oo.M,rro,H.o ot tho ,lun,t.. wa> .iis..ovoro,l. In spilo of .ho pro-
found crushing to wh,,-!, tho .iunito an.l its .„„ntry-r.,ok, havo In-on s„hjooto,l
. 8e<.ms ,.Ioar that tho .iuni.o forms „„ intrusivo ,liko at loast UK) foot wide'
Firikinp ir
measuring 300 feet in widti
a general northoast-.sonthw«t dirooti
•V y.t larjfor dike.
of the creek. Botli dikf
I, orops out on the «lope a half-mile west of the forks
diinito is like that on fho Kettl
out the Anarchist f
o river, which
and nssooia.cil rock?. Tho
dike an.l contemporaneous with tho dikes on R
'l"he ilike at the
l.l hiLS 1
ih'i'Il -lll.jr
canyon has boon stu.lii..]
■d tl. .hi'inii-al aiialv-i-
ire, probahlv als
■k.
a groat
with nioro .-arp tjuiii the otlar-
Im :;. o.imI, tl,,' r,,-;, . m ...1,,.
fft
304
urfMUMEST ur I III: iwrinoit
2 GEORGE v.. A. 1912
.■o,,„„H-t an,| of „ prroni.sl,-l,la,.k .oluur, ,n,.tMe.l witl. ab,>n,la>it ar.-a. of
0.1 V "V""-^' ^'V'"'",-^"'"'"" '•"' '"^""' "■'■ '"'"'1-^P-in'ens from thU
chrr.M H osul... I he .econ.lary pro,in..ts „n- the „s„al o„es. serpentine, talc
treniol; e, mapnet.te and a carl.onnte whiet, is prol.ahl.v .loloinite. Small grains
of ,.vr, e. . loubtless .ntro.luee,! ,lurin.^ ,he al,..ra,io„ „r ,he r,u-k. were also seen
in the liand-speeimen.
otherw'^'^r ^\'"r'^''.'-^ """"y^i^ "f t'"^ '.vpi,.a|, though partially hy.lratod an.l
otheru,,.. ahere,!. .Innite (spe,.,m,.n \„. .--J) ^.av the f„il„winf. result:-
Aiiiih/sit oi l.'or!: Cr.;./.- iliinilr
Sifl,
■|'i(l t"-2"i
Al.O,.. .' tr.
I'V'.O... . Mil
CiJ),.. , ICl
l.'d I'l
Mild.. .. -'IIM
M(fO.. .. II
Cat) •i:-!'!
Na.O llli
K,6 ■"*
ll.O.it IIO-C. ..". ■"'
H..O alKive llO'C. . ■^-
CU !I"N
in;.
>;.. «.• i»«-'^
■->■««;)>
The hy.lral„.,. of tl„s ro.k is evi,l,.n,ly s„ ,,n,noun..e,l tl,at a .alenhttion of
the pr.,p.r nortn is t.ot direetiy p„ssihi... The place of the rock in the ^o.ni
olassitieatu.n ealinot, ihefi'lore. he ^latell.
-.-».
■K'^:
IvKTir.:: limiit ]•',
MiMATIns.
General l>,.rnnh„n.-nn- map ill„>i,at,.. il„. f,.,., ,hat the Kettle Kivor
l.'rtMat.ou ,,, us pr-'sent di..lribution within tiio Boi.ti.Iary belt oeour*
only in >hre,ls a.ul patches. It has been e„t to pie.^es by faults an.l bv ,lik,-,
..lis and eh,.noli,hs of the varhuis porphvri..s; it has b.en .leeply' burie.l
boeath the .Midway lavas. Extwisiv erosion ha- in many plaees nneovere.l
the sediments but has als„ h.rg,.ly destroyed ..dr eontiniiitv bv pem'tratinir
I lie entire tormati-.n and laying bare mueh „i its Paleoz.de 'tloor. In eonse-
Ticnce of all tla.se cvoi.ts the Kottle Kiv.r bed- now form detaehed. slabdike
ma.ses seldotn more than a f.w hundred yar.ls in width. At least seven,e,.n
s„ ate.l patehes o the lormafon have beeti found betweeti Midway and the
fork, of R,.ek ereek, a .Jistance of fifteen miles in an air lin,-. The 'fonnation
o..rs not erop ,.i,t farther west, but small patehes of it are pr,.bablv represented
in the northern part .,f the area map).,.! by Mr. Bn.ek as the • Boundary Ore. k
I'lstnct.
^&^f^wmi.
^iL'WW' ^ "W
.■.»f.-":jjj.vv
nrroin- ur tiii rmrr i.vt-a-ovoi//;/.'
S-^GSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
396
lit ' ■'''-•' "'''■""'' H-iv.-H tlir «-li,>l|. lliirkiK-^ of til.' forniati.iM ■,i..l ..II ( .
I „ , I,; .V '';"•■'■ m'l"b-'. M..rv.,v,.,. f„„„ ,1„. „,„„„, „, „„. ,
:, , ., ",",.>,'"■".',"'■'" "'•' " - •■' "«■ '"•■"■i— -i..i„„Mv i„,i,i ,, ,:,
Ztrji ;'» "f , ■'» :;:: 'Z^:::":y:x'z::,Tt
;~,' ,r;!::i - :'::;r,,;;'t::,:,;; '■'-- - - -i
11..' .ohnnnar .^,.,ion w„rU,.,| „„t ,.„ ,his 1.,ms ,„.y 1„. ,!, ...HI,,.,! .,. f,,]],,,,.-:
('ohn,nu,r s,r/„>„ of Kr/llr A-,",.,- fnr,„„iu,„.
, To', ,.,„.f„r„,abK, ,.„.t.,H „,tl, „^..,!vi„, M„lw„v l„.„-
:'"'■'■■' co^Vs;";:;;::^;,;;::;:,,:-'''^ ■ -- i u .„ -,,„,,..
_J-l«^^ ('..Mi-M. ;,rk„.,.-l„v,c,., ,a l,„,,l ,l,.p„„t).
2,100+ "
""^^oA^;;^^^;^;;;:^!;^: ;;:;-!,::;" ^"'^"'« -^ •-• -■ i «.,. ,
Hi.- !.:.<.! ark„M.-i,r,.,..ia .to,,. ,„„ „uly in ouo ,.!,„■,.. i„ ,1,.. „,,„, „f .„
''< l-k. a,e ol van.1.1,. .ur. „,;,„>• ,,f , „,„ !,. i„. ,„„, ,■■,.■, .„•„„.,■,.;,.
;T ''■;:, ^ '■■•>•'--■■■,. ,.,..,,: i, i- ,„„ .v,.tain tha, an. a, all anJ „ !
..c „a,a,.c ,-ooU .ro,„ i,. evi^le^rly l,,,,,! ..arm- „• .„',, , ,, f,^^
>out!, ,,f the Krttle rivr a,,.! ..i Ko,.k ,T,.,.k
."•k .reek o honuhth of rho,.,h-,„„ph.v,v. At tho latt,. locality the , , d , ■
>ton,.,, I„ ,e,thor ..».. „„>• at a,.y ,„h,T h,-.ah-,y wa, tho ,„,, „,■ ,h,. ,.„uu\'.
-■rat,. .v,.o..,u..,l; its ,„,,on„o-, l..,i- hav. h.,.„ „,„.„.,1 away',,- fanlt,./a„ 'f
a,.,l h'nh[l^' 1 Vf '^^'"^""''^"■■'- -^'>- •" I--' i-1. .--, „f n.,„„i..l ,.,.hl,l,..
^It ,-.r.' " '•"■•""■-."■°"/ ">• r^"'""' tl... fonnatio,,. on whi.h ,ho ..on.lo,,,-
• rat.. r..sts; pray .,„artz,t. , white ami Rray ii.Mosto„o, vin ,|nart., .h,te nl.vlPf,.
«ree,Mone, n,.,pInholite. alter.,! por,.hyrite.. a„.1 pra,„„i,orit,. a -,. all' o n ' ;
l-.f:
1 ;} :
39e
DEPARTifKyr OF THE IXTKRlOIt
2 GEORGE V, A. 1912
less abundantly reprisent< d unioiifr the peliWo?. Most of them wore inuiiifcstly
derived from tho Anarcliist Sfrics and have i)robably not been carried far by
the moving water. Tlie <'enient is sandy and often somewh^ calcareous. On
the hill foutli of the Riverside hotel the congrlonicrate is notaiily uniform, with
only a very few, small lenses of sandstone. In the -iyon sections, beds of
both grit and sandstone, r-nchinp three nr I'.ur feet ,.. thickness, interrupt the
coarser sediment. These fincr-irrained beds are characterized by sliver-like.
3ubangidar fragments of black argillite. from one-half to one inch in length.
Such fragments are identical in appearance with smaller ones occurring in the
thick snnd?tone nienjber and serve as a kind of fossil in sugge-ting that sand-
stone and conglomerate belong to one eonf. rmable series of bnls.
N.W.
ISOOfeet obote Sea Level
Feet
4
Fli.i-RK 2."i.-'S.,ti(>ii niirtlieast of iM-iiiffe hmt Kettle Kivci-, six inili-s alwve Midway.
I>>gend : -I) .iidliiie, Kettle River iwndxtone. Blank, pulaskite iHjriihyry sills. Solid
black, rlKjinlt |)orphyry.
At souttieiist end a cc>m|)()site sill of pulaskite jxirpliyry and rlioiiib lorphyry ; at nortli-
west end liata liickin^f, owing to land-slide.
Strata which seem to represent the base of the sandstone member are
seen to overlie cont'ormably the conglomerate in the canyon section. About 100
feet of these beds are there exposed and in all respects are like the sandstones
expose<l in the much thicker sections along the Kettle river and on Myer's creek.
In all cases the sandstones carry plant-stems and the thin interbeds of shale
are carbonaceous.
The best sections in the uppermost member include one on the Kettle
river wagon-road at its abrupt turn four miles west of ^lidway, and a second,
occurring just above the river alluvium two miles to the northward. The
former locality was long ago noted by Bauerman.§ It is illustrated in Figure
25.
The sandstone is generally of medium to fine grain and of colour ranging
from whitish, through the dominant light gray, to light brown. Even to the
naked eye it normally appears highly feldspathic. A thin section cf a typical
specimen was found to consist of angular to subangular fragments of quartz,
§H. Baaerman, Report of ProRress, Qeol. Surv., Canada, for 1882-3-4. part B. p. 33.
iv"'
■■jyy
I'l.AiK :ir..
K'W^il |.I;ll.t» ill the Kvttlp Kiwr s:l.l;kt:.,„ l,i -ll-l-t , i-
(■■n.Mif Ti-rti:ir\ ;ip-, N.itiiiiil siz.-.
i."«- ...I. ii |.. 3:111.
i
S'^'''-'^:!i^'^^..k^.
jkK.m
i
B
f
'■1.
,^v>
M*i/4>»
■.i-P. ■■!/
REPORT OF rilK rllir.F .\sTUo\oM FK
397
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
orthocla^e. im.Toclinc. «nd ahmwlant ,,la«i,.dase (avor.cmp lal.nulorito) ,.11
enclosed m a h«ht-r-olour,d. nrtrilU.vn,,, baso. TIh- -n.HUton,. l,n, thn, ,1„.
composition of a bo<l.led arkose.
Tho arwillite iiitcrbcds are thin-layer,.,!, often paporv. Tli .luiir- arc
light to .lark ;:ray and hlackish, tb«> variation dei)e>idinR nn tli.- relative cn-
tent of carbonaceous matter. The lighter coloured shales are rather hiijhlv
sUicioiis and weatner almost white.
A bed of coal is rerwrted to have b.en fonn.l near tho ba^e of the sand-
stone in the .■anyon .section but it was not accessible at the time of the writ.T's
visit to the r-cction. No reliable .natcment a.s to its thb^kn, ss cm, Id he obtained
from the settlers, but it is ,loubtlc8s thin: on account of the fact that the area
ot the enclosing sandstone is very small, this coal coold have little i.iaet;,-il
importance unless it were of relatively preat total thickness.
Reviewing the characteristics of the different members of the formation
we are prepared to find that the fossils contained indicate a fresh-water oripin
for this series of beds. Such is, in fact, the most prob.ablo view of the Kettl,
Kiver formation. Some horizons (the paper-shales particnlarlv) supi:e«t laenx-
trine >e,lunentat.on; others snggest fluviatilo sedimentation. As the a-erage
ake is an enlarged river-channel, so the larger rivers in flood are t.inporary
lakes. It ,s here very difficult, if not impossible, to distiniri.l-li in most ,,f .he
beds those which were laid down during river-floods from ihoso laid down on
tlic floor of a iiermanent lake.
Geological .l.^e.-The Kettle Uiver beds are sc oni entirely free from traces
ot lossil plants ami at a few horizons -seful irateru;! was c.dlccted during the
seasons 01 1902 and 1905. (Plate :5fi.) The different collections have been gr,.up,..i
under the locality numbers 2.W (where specimens were taken in both vears\ 271
1001 and 1007. These localities are marked on the MS map. No animal remains
were found at any point, though special search was made for them at the many
ledges exposed. The plant remains were sent to Professor D. P. Penhallow of
uY-''i y"*''''"'*y- ^''o reP'^rted at loneth on the collection His paper was
published in the Transactions of the Iloyal Society of Canada, 19<)« and is
reprinted as Appendix B of the present report. The reader is rccommende<l to
read this important stu.ly of the British Columbia fossil plants recently
collected: It will be found that the treatment of the Kettle Kiver fossils is
specially full. Four new species belonging to the genera Picea, Pinus and
Ulmus are named and described. Tho present writer is under deep obligation
to Professor Penhallow for the special pains which he took with this
set of collections. His report is of immediate value in the present connection
since it contains a full discussion of the Kettle Kiver flora as compared with
the flora' of the Similkameen and other formations of the w. ' As a result
of his work Professor Penhallow concluded that the Kettle Hive, bols should
be referred to the Oligocene and so they have been mapped in tho accompany-
ing sheet. Their general correlation with the Tertiary formations of th-
United States and Canada is also discussed in the paper by Professor Pen-
hallow.
308
iirr\in\ii:\r >,r riii: i\ri:ntoit
•j-
.UlDWAV VoUANK Cridll- (W Part)
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Paleozoic .e t.^-.'S- ' "il ";?;''''," "" "'"""'"' ''>' ""= """•'' "''l"
tri.t nnd ,he PnW ," of W L T'" '"r""' "' ""' '''"■""■'' '"'"""^ 'l'^"
that the Afi.lwny vo anies ;""" 'f -"'^"'"tnm platea,,. Afr. Uro.k l,a. shown
the HonrHnr; fnln ; loS;:! V''m?-^' fifteen „:il.. to th,. northwar.l of
exten.l to th; «o„thwar,i "'^■"■"- '' '^ ""' '^'""^•" ''"^^- ^''^'- ♦'"^.v
At^ItanS^niX^^st^'Jir:;:,'' '':"--' '-.•- "^ P<>n-rrotae..,„. a.e.
River saml. one a Uh w , o ovi ir"'''' ,""" """"^' °" ♦'"-' ^"'''°-"° '^'•'ttlo
in. and profound t:zzc::''::^::\z'z::;r'Z"^ ""r-r "-'■
their imme.liate vi.-initv 'ihouirh of .„ l "'7 .""'""' the Paleozoic hnas in
or post-Oli^^oeenc^the ^i id v la ' . f on, V "'''■ '•.'^'•<'"» ''"te-Inte 01i,.ocene
tnn older lavas ImviV Zedi ",,";" '^r""^"'""Hv faulted an.llilted.
insT sandstones. 'l.>tnrl,.„cs greenish-black in tho
lumd-spccimcn and very pal., gr-'cn in tliiu .section. It is nut sensibly i-leu-
chroic and has tlie optical characters of common augite. It incloses niagiio:ite
and apatite but is itself uf curlier generation than the phenocrystic feld-par.
The biotite is apparently a common, highly ferruginous variety of mica, with
intense pleochroisni in coloi:r-tiuts from pule to very deep leaf-brown. The
rather rare olivine phenocrysts arc every\vh(>rc entirely altered to bro'.vnisli-
yellow serpentine and dolomite but the shape and general habit of the
pseudoniorphs leave little doubt a.^ to th(. nature of the originnl mineral.
•Bull. 228. U.S. Oeol. Suivey, p. ia> ana .li.ui. (i»-ol..(!y. V ,1. •,, |s9:. ,, .m.
'%iAii ■m^\mm-:^^mm^aLimm»:
in rni.1 >>f I >if I nil t i>r/.<<vr.i// w
40b
SESSIONAL PAPER No 29«
Tin- Krouiul liiii"H filiNpiirs iii'vcr ■li'pliiy rln'tnliic niiliiiiu iiikI furii. citlirr
thin tuliiilnr irvstnU i.r tli.iili'r irnliviiliiiiN <>< ri<>liiii(fuliir Mi-tioti". Muiiy of
tlii'iii nru twiiiiivd on tlu^ nlbito law Ijiit tlii> iwiniiini; liiii'-i itro ni'lcloni iIimh i-iit,
^truifflil, mill I'liiitiriiioiis tlinnitrli tlii> >'rvHtiil-«'i'tii<ii ut in thn rii-«> i>( tlio smla-
limc fnlilsiiarx. Itutli iiimrtliuilii-i' <iii tlic«i' twiimiil iiidiviilunls! iiiiil "iMliforoii!!
Drtliocliiic •■fH'iii til lif rc|iri'-tiiti'i|. 'Ihi' ilillii'ully nT i|iiii'iii-*iii>: tlit: "'flrti vory
minute iniiTi)liti>» i< pri-at ami tlicrc Im no rirtaiiit.v tir -mla liitir filiUpur niiiy
nut aUo ("'ciir. Tlii' iniiTolil<'« nf niijiili' iinil lilotiti- ri'in t npilriilly Hki' tht!
rorrosponilind |ilit imrrj^tii' miniTaN.
'I'ho gU\** in wliioh ail tlir iMv-ialliiii' i',.ii-tiimiit- arr iiiil.. .Mi-.l U culoiir
le»» til pali> lifiiwhihli. It may Im' ipiilc i-iiitrfipii' but. in u.o-'t ca-i-, llii-ri" an-
faint I'liatiKf* nf rulour n* tin- ^iiilo is ri'latcil iM'twcrn iTinscil niii.N an'l umliT
tliu K.V|«iiin plate. '1 his ani^otrnpie lielauimir i» apparently atlrihiilal.le In
incipient zeiiliti/.ulion of tlie kIuis. It may lie tinti-.l tliat, in the thirty or more
thin sei'tions of tliif* intrusive porpiiyry. not me nhows oiillini's of analeile in
I'rystallizwl iniiiviiliniU. It will lie seen that in n eionely n--ioeiafei| e.xtri.iive
luvu, primary analeitc fornn one-thinl of the tm-k. T.i the porpiiyry of the
ehonolilh. however, the iMotropic l.a-e i-, seeti;in»fly, an entirely mterttitial anil
amorphous -.uhslimee. a ula^-. If analeite is pre-ent in tin' lia«e it must ho
seeoniliiry ami withuiit ery^taj iMrm.
Chcmicnl Comfiusitii,,, fin, I i'hixsili.nlion nf Oir /,'»./,•, -Pp. I'l — .r Hiliri.li
h.i- ehemieally aiialy/e.i ;, v|iei-iimri ne.iriv repi-e-eiitiii); tin- .•.ntrai ph^i f
the chonnlith. The speeinu'n was taken from a ledt-e oti the northern l.riiik
i.f Hoik ereek eaii.M.n, al-oiii J..MMI >.o.i. ii|i--treain fr.iru ili,. ■•. ullu.iire uitli
Kettle river. The rhonolith here ii: tai-ts with two heavy nnis^es .f ..inirli-
iiierale whieh formeil [.art of ':' - rooT. Tl,,. -[..c-imen w:i- rolli-i,,! „t ;,
IKiint L'fM1 feet, ineii-oireil periieiioitiilarly, fron; the i <.ii>.'loniir-^iii-. K^.ii at that
ilistaiiee the jfroiinil-mass of il„. rook earries a eon-iilerahle ..iiioiint i ] .ihaps L'O
per eent hy volume) of jrhiss. The spe. ilie ^'ravify of the aiialy/e.l -peeimen is
only 2 ';21. From the earefn! stmly of many thin -e.-ii..iis. the writer has enn-
chuleil that the eoiopjetely liojoery-talliiie plia.se ii:u-t ;ive an ale ..-t iilpiilic;i'
analysis. Pr..fcssor Diftrieh's \v..rk ■^how- the follow in^' pr..|ioi'' -.4 iniiniit' the
o.\iile> (-pei'inieii N... 1ii."jO:
A'l'ih/sui vf priii'-iiiii! J,
R'irk Creek rhonolith.
SiO, r,,.vt
TiO. vi
AI.O, isj.-,
IVO 4.J,;
FeO !.,t
.MliO tr
Mg'» .. 3.2t?
CaO 4,08
SrO .12
HaO -tt
Na,0.. . 4.68
K,0 5-75
M.l.
.Mil
(111
irs
■irj:
(C'll
■IC3
■flIKI
•on;
•mil
406
in:r\inMK\T or rm: imkuiow
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
Analiisis of principal phasr. Rock- Creel- e//o(io/i7/(. -Continued.
H.O at UO'C „.**'•
11,0 above UO'C Vi', i-^
^"' -W -010
99-70
Si'- «■• "2^2!
In many essential respects tliis rock is niineraloKiciilly and cheniioally like
the classic types <lescTilieil l.y IJri'Pcer. Kosenlmsch. iin.! liiickstriini* Fon'onvoii-
ieneo the averatro analysis of sevon of those ty\>ea is pivcii in Ool. 4, Table XXVI.
Column 5 shows the rBnge of variation in the oxide proportions. The chuinical
di£Ferene« between the Norwi-jiian and Hritisli (^ohiinbia rocks are largely
explained by the higlier proportion of feniic minerals in the latter. The larpe
amount of water liberated above 110° ('. is almost certain to have come princi-
pally from the plassy base. Since the rock is ,=0 fresh it does not seem possible
that this water was introduced during wc:ithcrinp; it nuist, seemingly, be
regarded as of primary origin, though it lia> been rosiionsiblc for, or, at least
co-oi)erati'd in, the partial zcolitization of the Khis.<y bi'se. The British Col-
umliia rock rock is further notable for relatively hifrh percentapo of BaO and
SrO, two oxides which were not determined in the Norwegian specimens.
Tnhle XXVL^A/mlyscs nf rhomh-porpliurirs and related rocks.
12 34 5 6
SiO.,
Tio; . .
AUO„,
Kt-6
MkO..
C»() .
.SrO.. . .
ItaO
N«,,().
K,0.
H.,0-
H.O '
I'.O.
f'O.. ..
!»2 43
.-.1 s:i
.■>2 l.i
.'.7 I'-i
.M 0-
-CO
7"
."11112
■m
Sli
■ sc,
til 18
IS '.Vi
!S 7-J
lit 44
ir. 4s
•>■>
I".
HI S2
:t .-.t
iLfi
3 :h)
,
3 ."S
3 (Hi
2 OS
1 4ti
] li 14
2 IW
111
Vll
2 «:
3 2S
2 !tr>
1 2S
70
1
113
3 :i,s
3 71
4 OS
.3 no
3 10
2 12
t
ni
l> (Mi
■42
42
42
.311
*-|
43
4 (iS
311
4 77
' 4*1
4 K>
11 32
3 111
- s
3't
3 411
5 OJi
.> 7-"'
:> Hh
1 4t
3 24
1;
30
7 44
■27
27
.>-
3 111
3 I.--,
3 17
; ' •'*
Ciil
3
2o
275
■ jt>
.V,
ti»
411
tr.
43
ill) 70
22
niisi
!W il
' 1.
SHI h;<
llltl 1)4
1. Cliilliil |ili:iKO. Kock cri-i-k i-tiiiiicilitli.
2. (Viiliiil pliasr, K.K-k i-r.-i-k cliiinolitli.
.3. Avir:i(,'<' (if 1 ami 2.
4. .\vi.ra)fi' (if seven ty|)c» nf N(il-wc(;iiiii rlidlnli |i.(r|'liyn-.
■V Kdii^i' ((f oyidi-y in M-Mii t\ |«'s incrap-d Ml I.
0. .Avi-i-.-itf(-(if fiini- types iif ha-if syenite (I.. n.lan(W(-) finni
I'lrsBon. Hull. l'. .S, In-.il. .Surv-., Nd. -237, llKCi |.|. 1723
o. • A"»'/st'8 takpn from Osann's BeitrneKo zur Cheniischen I'etrographie,
31 and 138, and from Itescnbusch "e Klementc der flostoiiislehre, 1901. p. 28G.
the HiuhwdiKl n.dinitaiiis; I,. V.
i9a'j, pp.
REi'OKr OF Tin: niu.r \srii(>\i)\ih:it 407
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Chemically the rock of the ■•lioimliih i- most iiciiriv mnti lioil !)> tin- ■ W.xAr
syenite' and ' syeiiiteiwrphyry ' from the Iliehwodd inoiintiiitis. a- .leMTiln il
hy I'irsson* The uverajje of four uniily308 of tho latter rocks is noted in Ool.
6 of Table XXVI. Pirsson's list of the component mincrnls is": iron ore. apatite
biotite, olivine, uuKitc, ortho.-laae often surroundeil witli rlnis of soihi-orthoclasc.
and sometimes (lemon-tral)le niplielit<-. In the Hi^rhwood porphyry the feldspar
phenocrysts have tiilmlar habit and do not form r!ioml)s. Anortho.'lasi> is not
described as occuiriiifr in any i.f tlii- four analyzed tyi>is. The nlativoly iii<rli
b-.ium and strontiimi oxides siijiffcsf that tho alkali feldspars, as in the .011.11,.-
lith porpli.vry, are charged with the celsian molecule at li>ast, but tlie ortlioclase
is described as free from an appreciable admixture of tlie a?iorthito molo.ido.
In spite of the diffcreio'ts noted, the rock of the chon.i'ith niu-t \'v rryanlcd
as remarkably similar to the uncommon basic syenite i.f thi- Montana o.-cnr-
rence. In the Nomx classification, the two enter the same siibrans. namely,
the sodi|>otassic borolanose, of the domalkalic ranp. essexasc. in the dosalane
order. nor»;are. The norm of the cbonolithic rock has been caleujateil as fol-
lows : —
Orthoctase :i:l.'i.'
Albite ■_>«. 1.1
Anortliitp IMit
N'pphelitp II). -,1
DiopsidP {\.:\z
Hypirsthonp "iiiir
MiiKnotite J.IKI
llriiiatite jss
Iliiieiiitc Mi:
Apatite 1.'_>1
Water :i 12
!)!MS
Mineralogically and strneturally. however, the nearest relative i.i tih
chonolithic rock is the rhomb-porphyry (h-scrilied by Briipper and others, and
the rock may be referred to henceforth under that name. In the Xorni classi-
fication the typical Korwcfrian rhomb-i>orphyry is referred by Washiiifrton to
laurvikose, the dosodic sidirang of the i>erfelii'. |>ersalane order, eanadare.
ISrtifTKcr's " nephelite rhon-.b-porphyr>- ' enters tho <io3odic subraug, viezzenose,
of the pernlkalic ranp, niiaskase, in the lendofelie, iM-rsalane oriler, russare.
The three types thus repri sent three difTerent subranps in as nnmy ilifferent
ranps, ord- 's, and classes. The norui-chemii'al s.vstem of classitieation evi-
dently fails to bring out those similarities ainonp tlie three types wliii^h mw^t
impress the field-freolojrist in the liifrhest depree. Tlie older, iimre luirely
minernlopical classification, layinar emphasis on tiie dom'nanee of the rare
feldspar, anorthoclasc, in the at least equnllv rare rhombic form, i.lwenri - llie
obvious differenees in niapmatie relationships. Neither as boroI.uK.^e nni- as
rhomb-porphyry is the British (\iliimbia rock ideally classified. That e.in only
be dcMie when what ma.v be called a mode-chemical system of elasiirieatic.n is
• L. V. I'irhson, Bull. 237, U.S. Geol. Surv., pp. 89 ff. 1905.
408
DEPARTMEXT 0, 'tlE ISTERIOR
2 GEORGE v., A. 1912
I..rf,>.t,-1. Mrantin-.e, in naming tl,e rock rl.on.b-porph.vrj- the need of the field
jreoloKist 13 tl>e letter satisfied. It may thus W dofi.ud as a l.nsi,- rhoml.por-
F.li.vry n.h .n nup.te and biotite; where vitrophyric. it is charged with much
oDginal water rc^idont in the more or Ics^ zoolitizrd glass.
CO\T.\rT PIIASK OF TlIK IIKIXOMTII.
For distan.es „nder fifty feet, measured perpe,„Iieularly from tho contact,
the chonohthic roc^ has a field-habit notably unlike that of the phase just
descr,hod. rhm d.fference .s due si.nply to chilling on roof or walls. Within
this chdled zone the rock ,s a dark blui^h-gray or slaty-gray, very fine-grained
porphyo-. Ihe phcnocrysts are again chiefly rhomb-feldspars which are here
qu.te glas-sy and less charged with inclusions and secondary calcite than the
eldspar of the central phase. They measure from 2 mm. or le.^s. to C. mm. in
length. AVith them, a few augite prisms up t^ 2 n.m. or 3 mm. long, and
hexagonal_ b.ot.te foils from 1 mm. to 2 mm. i„ diameter, may be seen in the
hand-specimen. At other localities biotite is not phenocrystic b„t is abundant
in the ground-mass.
A typica' specimen of this phase will serve as a basis for its further des-
cription. It was c.llecte,! at the same group of knlges from which the anaUved
specimen of the central phase was taken but at a point only ten feet from the
invaded conglomerate. J nder tho hammer the chilled phase breaks with a
sonorous, almost metallic ring which, of itself, indicates the signal freshness
ot tlie rock at the average outcrop.
Under the microscope this type sp^-cimen of the cliillcl phase shows n few
small serpentini/o<l olivines among tlie more conspicuous phenocrysts. The acces-
sories are the satre as in the .entral phase with the exception that nephelite
was nowhere recogniml in the thin section. The ground-mass is hvalopilitic
with many minute, acieular augites, thin biotite f-ils, and fel.Lspar microlites
en.bed.le.1 in a base which is almost certainly a true glass somewhat zeolitized
This base, composing at least 40 per cent of the rock by volume, generallv
ci"J'r\rl' '"^«*''"'*^ f--"'"*"';^'' '''«' anisotropic property being onlv appr,'-
ciated wiUi Uie gypsum p.nte. Just bow far the anisotropy is due to devitrifi-
cation and how far. ,v,s.ib]y. to the straining of tlie glass cannot be declare,!
n spite of clo^e study, with high magnification, there is no certain clue as
to the nature of the devitritication produ.'t or products. That a large amount
V / 'I'o' AT'".' 'V',"''"';*"' ^'^' '^"^ ^°"' ''''■"^'- ^^«-'*-^ "f the specimen.
11: -t- *^**'" fresh hand-specimens have specific gravities of 2-564 and
-045, Ti,e average specific gravity of this phase is al«ut 2.C00, and contrasts
with that of the central phase, which is about 2-740. E.xcep ing the smal
amount of serpentine derived from the olivine., here and there a minute poin
of calcite, and the undetermine.l zeolite of the base, there are no noteworthv
seconda.vprodu.s_ visible iu thin section. The rock is exceptionally ir^
result-- Tl.ttnchs analysis of this specimen (No. 10.^3) gave the following
JIEPORT OF rilF. CHIEF ASTH()\oyER 409
SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a
Analysis of chilled contact-phase. Rock Creek chonoUth.
A Vi 86 .nit
f''o' 1918 -iss
M^;.".". •;.•.•. v. -,?» •««•
^•^ ■..■■.:■.:•.■.•::::::::::::::;: ^ii :ob5
SrO ^■'' ■""*'
5*^; -35 -m
\'%^ 485 .078
H";o'kt'iro°c;. ■■..". .■■;■.. ^'^ ■'^
H^ above no»c ■.:■.:■.:■.■.•;;;;;;:;:;.; a^i :i78
^" tr
99.8.'>
'^I'-B'' ~Tm
The oxides are present in proportions essentially similar to tho^e in the
centra phase. The almost perfect freshness of this rock shows even more clearly
that the water, great in amour as it is, is an original constituent and i'^.
derived chiefly from the l.ase of ili,> r,«k. a small part of it emanalim: from th,.
mica.
The norm of the chilled phase of the chonolith has been calcu]atc<l a=
follows : —
Orthoclasp 35-58
Albite '_ "((.IK
Anorthite '_ j.,,-„
Nephelite ,n'iq
Hyper^thene V /. 'I'iX
Diop.siile ' .^^|.
??"•«>«:•'*'' .■.':.':.':.■;.■.■, ;. Vis
Ilmenitp ^_f^
Hematite _f\
Apatite .i\%
Water '. .'. .'. '.' " " ^_'^f^
99-36
The rock is borolanose in the Norm classification; a basic rhomb-porphyry
in the older classification.
Other Intri:sion.s of Khomb-pobpiiyry.
A smaller intrusive mass of the porjihyry occurs on the .slope south ..f tli,.
Kettle river about two miles below Rock Creek post ofRct. The exposures are
not extensive but the body is elongated and seems to have a dike-like form, at
least 1-5 miles long by 400 to SOO yards in width. It cuts the Paleozoic phyll'ites
and quartzites as well as a snuill patch of Tertiary sandstone at the southern end
of the body. The northern end cannot be seen, as it is covered by the Kettle
river gravels. On account of the im|)erft>ct exposure, the exact structural rela-
410
hr.i'MtniKw OF THh: ixmnoK
p. GEORGE v., A. 1912
tions woro not deterniinahle, Init the iiinss appears to form a cross-cutting,
injected i.ody and may fall in the chonolith class rather than in that of dikes or
silk.
A tliird larpo area of the porphyrj- crops out on the slope north of Kock
creek and wet of the large chonolith. It is quite possible that this n:ore westerly
muss really forms part of the chonolith and that the two are connected unilor-
ground. They arc s.-parated by Tertinrj- conglon:crate overlying pre-Tcrtiary
granodiorite.
I'etrograpliically, these [wrphyries arc practically indistinguishable from the
porphyry of the large Rock f'rcek chonolith. Both the ' cent ml' and •conta<'t-
chilled ' i)hases are represented with typical characters.
The Tertiary sandstones of the wagon-road section four miles west of
^[idway and those exposed east of the hri<lgo two miles to the northward, are cut
l>y dikes and sills of tlie imrphyry. In all these thinner boilies the porphyry has
the habit of the 'chilled' phase of the chonolith above described. A small
_ amount of nephelite is almost always i)resent ; it occurs in the ground-mass and
' often forms small idiomorphic, phenocrj-st-like crystals. In no case, however,
does the nephelite rival the rhomb-feldspar, the augite. or the biotite in abun-
dance. As a rule the ground-ir.ass is not vitrophyric and in this respect the dike
and sill-rocks are more like the central phase of the Kock Creek chonolith.
Other dikes or sheets appear to cut the basalts on the heights north of the
Kettle river above the bridge. Still others cut the Anarchist schists at various
points between the Rock Creek chonolith and Osoyoos laKe. The most westerly
occurrence discovered is that on the sunniit four miles east of Osoyoos lake and
15 miles north of the Boundary line. At that point the Anarchist phvllite-
amphibolite complex is cut by several north-south, nearly vertical dikes of the
porphyry, several of which ai)proximntc a hundred feet in width. These dikes
are twelve miles or more west of the Rock Creek chonolith and 
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