Insects and plant diseases [microform] : instructions in spraying

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BULLETIN (Special). Toronto, April 1900.

OXT.\l<]0 DRPAKTMIiNT or AiiKICl'LTlRi;.

liNSECTS AND PLANT DISEASES.

INSTRUCTIONS IN SPRAYING.

SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDED.

1. BORDKAUX MiXTURI.

Copper Bulphate 4 pound..

Lime (fre«h) 4 ••

W'**'' y.'.'.::::::::::: 40g»iion..

SoBpend the copper anlphate in four gallons of hot water. This may be
done by putting it in a bag of coarae material, and hanging it so aa to be covwed
by the water. Slake the lime in the same quantity of hot water

Dt, not at once mix the two solations thus made, bat proceed as follows —
Put one of the solutions in the barrel, add a few pails of water, then add the
other solution and bring it all np to 40 gallons. Use only fresh Bordeaux mix

should not be used until required for uie. Strain the solutions.

Only the best fresh slaked stone lime should be used. If the lime is good the

above amount IS likely to be sufficient. It is an easy matter to know howmuch

.ime IS required by using what is termed the ferro-cyanide of potassium test ThU

|Mbstanr«» can be got at any drugrlat's, and very little is required. Take a smaS

Itottle (2 oz.) and get it filled wiih a saturated"^ solution of this compound I

Ithere is not plenty of lime m your mixture, a drop of the test added to it turns

f brown. Add more lime and stir. As soon as the test fails to color in oominir

in contact with your mixture, it indicates there is sufficient lime present to

neutrahze the effects of the copper sulphate. Use wooden vessels in preparing

Ithe Bordeaux mixture. i'»«»f"""k

12 Ammoniacal Coppkr Oabbonate Solutiox ("Oupram").

Copper carbonate 1 ^^^

Strong ammonia sufficient to dissolve the copper carbonate

^^ ^'**'^ lOgaltens.

This solution is not much used, and is recommended only in cases where tha
Mt u so far advanced that it would be disfigured by using the Bordeaux
ixture.

Paris Obibn Mixturb.

^8^» ... 1 pound.

j!'*" 200gaUons.

^»""« 16 lbs. freshly slaked.

Uw 200 galloDB water in a mixtare for apple trees, 250 for plam treet, and
300 for poach trees.

4. Hkllkbore.

White hellebore (fresh) 1 ounce.

Water 3 gallons.

5. FVRBTBRdK.

Pyrethram powder (fresh) 1 onnce.

Water 4 gallons.

0. WnALB-Oii. Soap Solution. Dissolve 1 lb. James Good's oaastio potash
whale-oil soap No. 3 in 7 gallons of hot water.

7. Kborsenb £mDL8I0N.

Hard soap ^ pound, or soft soap 1 quart.

Boiling water (soft) '. 1 gallon.

Coal oil 2 gallons.

After dissolving the soap in the water, add the co»l oil and stir well for r> to
10 minutes. When properly mixed, it will adhere to glass without oiliness. A
syring or pump will aid much in thi^ work. In using, dilute with from 9 to lo
parts of water. Kerosene emulsion may be prepared with sour milk (1 gallon),
and coal oil (2 gallons), no soap being required. This will not keep long.

8. Tobacco Decoction.

Refuse tobacco 2 pounds.

Water 5 gallons.

Boil the mixture for 30 minutes or more, until a dark brown tca-colorfd
solution is obtained. Keep it covered until cool. It may then be used undiluted
for spraying infested plants.

Notes.

1. When there is danger of disfiRuring fruit with the Bordeaux mixture use
the ammoniacal copper carbonate solution.

2. Experience in opraying during the past three years indicates that it is beet
to use the combined insecticide and fungicide, commencing as soon as the buds
begin to swell, again when the leaves appear, and continue it at intervals of 10
to 15 days, until the trees have been sprayed 3 to 5 times, which will depend
upon the weather. In the case of a rainy season, it may be necessary to spray
at least five times, while if dry, and the mixtures have been allowed to remain
on the foliage, then three or four times may be sufficient.

In no case spray while the trees are in bloom, but immediately after. It is
contrary to law, and punishable by a fine of from $1 to $5.

3. The combined insecticide and fungicide, containing Paris green and
Bordeaux mixture, is to be used for insects that chew and injurious fungi, but
kerosene emulsion alone for those insects that suck the juices of plants, such as

apuio, luixp, iiru spiuci, uiutci' xuivr, Ujrsicr-Sliou uarK-IOUiO, OKU JOBd BOftle, etC.

"* 4. A stock solution for the preparation of Bordeaux mixture may be pre
pared as follows : Dissolve 25 pounds of copper sulphate in 25 gallons of water.

8

One gAlloD of this conUini one poand of the copper aalphate. In another barrel
8l.ke 25 pounda of good lime, and add 1 2 > gallon, of water. One gallon of th?
contain, two pound, of lime. To make the mixtnre. take four gallon, of the
copper .ulphaU. w u ,on and two of the lime. If there i. any doubt aZt theJe
not being .uftcient lime, try the teat already referred to under^Bordeaux m xture
Now hU up the amount to 40 gallon, with water. Add four ounce. oivlZ

6. Prepare the mixture, well, apply them at the, proper time, and be a.
thorough a. poasible in the work. Three fourth, of the ao calM aprajinj
done 1. not apraying at all. The treea are only drenched. When .pr?,in« i!

the plant A great deal more of the mixture will remain on the plant wLn

. ^' u^^^l*'"""® "*'°.°'*^ ''^ '"'^ *° '*>« P°"P or barrel, and, after uaine clean
water ahould be pumped ao aa to clean the outfit. Thia i^ important, Ta^ome^f
the mixture, act chemically on the metal of the pump

more W^'editlLy ' '"^ '^°"''"- ^'^ '''"' ''^^ ^ ^^^^^ J""' ^ -" -<» much

other^^over!'''^ ^°"'""'' "'"*"''' °^ •'°'"'" *"'* ^•'°«'» °»« ''^•"^ »°«'» or

9. Ab niMt of the apraying mixtures are poiaonoua, care ahould be taken in
working with them. They ahuuld not be uaed when there ia any wound ir
abraaion of the skm expoaed. and care ahould be taken not to allow the apray to
«ttle on the handa or face, or to be inhaled. Arsenitea taken into the ayatem^y
absorption or inhalation produce aymptouia of poiaoning. In mild caaea they
reaemble the aymptoma produced by poisoning ; in Severe case*. heaSacheY
nauaej^ erup lona, boila and ulcer, are said to rea Jit. The dangeTfr^m araenUea
which are aolub^ in water auch a. London purple, are much greater thin from
Pan. green, which contain, very little waterlaoluble araenic. There ia mor^
danger of poiaonicg by absorption when perspiring freely. However by taS
proper Precaution there need be little fear. A lelther iaaher aCut Cr ^S
m diameter .hould be fitted juat below the nozzle, which will prevent the d Ho
rom reaching the handa^ .la far as possible krep to windwafd of the nozZ
When much work is to be done, rubber gloves should be worn. The face and
exposed parts .hould be wa.hed immediately pfter apraying.

...ini.^?' ^^V°[[' °' spraying with Bordeaux mixture is not very great. CoDoer

J^ E ; \'''/*'* 5"" •»°*"'y ^"^''^ " ^^^ °°Jy »^i"d ^hich should be used Wan
be had at from Cc. to 7c. per lb. by the barrel, and Paris green at from 1 5c to
30c. per lb. The cost for material to properly spray an average 8001" tree for
the entire Kason should not exceed from 6c. to 7c ^ ^^

TREATMENT.

1. Applb Treatment for deetrovinff r.mUinn .m/.*a j..j ^.tt , , ,
M«r. canktr worm, apple spot, haf bligl/, pisiol case-bearer "and'pZdery mZew

Firat spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Pari, green (4 oz. to the barrel of
the mixtnre) when the bud. are swelling. v « • »« me oarrei oi

S«oond : Bordeaax mixtora and P»rii green before the bloMomi open.

Third : Bordeaaz mixture and Parii green when the bloMome have falkn

Fourth and fifth apraying : Bordeaux mixtare and Parii green at intervals
of ten to fifteen daya, if neoeaiary.

No definite date can be named after which it would be lafe to oeaie ipray
ing for apple scab. The orchard should be watched after the third or fourth
application, and the treatment again applied if loab appeara on the fruit or
leavea. Many apple growers who sprayed in 1897 until the end of June, and
neglected to watch their orchards afterward, lost heavily. The soab appeared
very late in the season last year, and all the experimental orchards were given
an extra application in the early part of July, which largely accounts for the
splendid rasnlte obtained.

We cannot always control the codling moths by spraying, especially in the
Southern section of Ontario where they continue to propagate long after the
regular spraying season is over.

To insure a clean crop of apples, if the codling moth is bad in your orchard,
in addition to spraying, use bandacres around the trees. Make them from foor
to six inches wide, three or four inches thick, of any kind of cloth. Old bags,
sacks, carpets, coarse material of any kind will do. Bands of straw and tow
have been used with some success. The first week in June, bind one around
each tree three or four feet from the ground ; secure it either with cord or
small nails ; take it off every fifteen days and dip in hot water ; or put it through
an ordinary clothes wringer, which may be attached to a wheelbarrow and taken
from tree to tree. Have sufficient pressure to crush all insects.

After a careful inspection in 1898 of badly infested trees, on which band-
ages were used, no cocoons were found except in the bandages, and in creviceg
of the bark under the bandages. It will take very careful inspection to find all
of them, as they are carefully concealed and very much resemble the bark. All
coarse, loose bark should be scraped from the trees in the early spring, as many
other enemies of the apple tree harbor there also.

The first brood of moths appear about the time apple trees bloom, and begin
depositing eggs as soon as the apples have formed on any part of the apple or
on the leaves or stem. Each moth lays from 80 to 100 eggs. The egg laying
period lasts from 8 to 1 2 days. The eggs hatch in from six to eight days. The
larva at once makes its way into the apple, where it remains from three to four
weeks, when it leavea the apple and locates in some suitable place to pass the
transformation stage, which is usually under or in the crevices of the coarie
bark of the tree from whence it came, but sometimes on fences, buildings or
rubbish, wherever it can find shelter. In one day it constructa a cocoon in
H hioh it enters its third or pupa stage. From this it emerges in from two to
three weeks a matured moth prepared to repeat its life history. The latter
broods remain it the ooooon in the larvte stage until the following spring.

2. Pkab. Ltat blight, scab, and codling moA, the same as for the apple.

8. Pldm. Cureulio, broum rot and lea/ blight.

First : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green before the flower buds open.

Ocwuu . xn/xucouA iiu&vuif7 auu a aim f^Lwu aa outru as uBo uovais usvc xaiicu.

Third : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green in seven to ten daya after.
Fourth spraying : Bordeaux mixture in ten to fifteen dayi after.

4. Pbaci

Spray at
mixture only

Fourth I
ing the fruit

In Kpray
fltrenglb may
only half stre

6. Cher
First spr

ing ; if aphis
Second :
Third : J

6 Orapi
First Spi

inch in diame
Second :
Third an
Paris G«

when the larv

7. Raspe
First: B
Second :
Third spi

8. CORR^

First spri

soon as the lei

Second S]

For worn

9. TOMAT

Spray wij
times, if neces

10. POTA

First spri
100 gallons of

Second sf
inches high.

Thii^ and
days, if necess

Spraying
«nd the rottini

11. Cabb
Pyrethrui

on (one part p;

12. Stbai
Bordeaux

will control thi
After they begi

hkve fallbn
•t iatarvals

seue ipray-
1 or foarth
le frnit or
f June, and
b Appeared
were given
Dti for the

a\\j in the
g after the

mr orchard,
\ from foor
Old bags,
w and tow
one around
th cord or
t it through
r and taken

hioh band-
in crevices
to find all
bark. All
g, as many

I, and begin
9 apple or
egg laying
days. The
iree to four
o pass the

the coarie
aildinga or

cocoon in
'om two to

The latter
bg.

he apple.

I open.
I *-ii«

USVC IBilc

4. Peach. Brown fu it rot, l«af blight, plum curcvlio and peach eurL

Spray at first ai in case of plum, but after growth burins make Bordeaux
Diiztare only of half strength.

Fourth spraying : Ammoniaoal copper carbonate, if any danger of disfisur-
mg the fruit with Bordeaux mixture.

In spraying peach trees for curl leaf or peach rot Bordeaux mixture full
dtrenglh may be used while the tree is dormant. After growth besins use it
only half strength.

6. CtiERRT. Aphis, $tug, hron-n rot and It-af blight.

First spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as the bods are break-
ing ; if aphta appears use kerosene emulsion alone or whale-oil soap.

Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as soon as the blossoms fall.
Third : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green ten to fifteen days after.
6 Orai'M. MiUhw. black rot, Jim haetle, and leaf-eating inaicts.

. . . "■?' ^P'*y^°8 : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when the leaves are one
mob m diameter.

Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when flowers have fallen.
Third and foarth : Bordeaux mixture at intervals of ten to fifteen days.
Paris Green alone when tli" beetle is attacking the buds in the spring, or
when the larva is attacking the leaves in summer.

7. Raspbbrry. Anthraeno8«, lea/ blight and aaw/hj larvte.

First : Bordeaux mixture and i'aris Green just before growth begins.
Second : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green about when first blossoms open.
Third spraying : Bordeaux mixture when the fruit is gathered.

8. Currant and Gooskiierrt. Worms and mild^.n-.

First spraying : Potassium sulphide, Bordeaux mixture and Paris green as
soon as the leaves expand.

Second spraying : The same ten to fifi .. days later.

For worms alone, hellebore or Paris greei will be effective.

9. Tomato. Rot and blight.

Spray with Bordeaux mixture, as soon as rot or blight appears, for three
times, if necessary, at intervals of ten to fifteen days.

10. Potato. Blight and bestlea.

,^^ ^'"' "Pf'y'OK : Paris green as soon as the beetles appear (one pound to
100 gallons of water). '^

Second spraying : Bordeaux mixture and Paris green when plants are six
inches high.

Third and fourth sprayings : Bordeaux mixture at intervals of ten to fifteen
days, if necessary.

Spraying with Bordeaux mixture will prevent the blighting of the planU
•nd the rotting of the tubers. " o r

11. Cabbaqb Worm.

Pyrethrum applied in solution (one ounce to four gallons of water) or dcrted
on (one part pyrethrum to seven parts flour) for the cabbage worm.

12. Strawberry. The tmt or Uaf blight,

Bordeaux mixture, when it can be applied without disfiguring the fruit,
will control this disease. Apply at intervals of two or three weeks on new beds
after they begin to make runners.

1

0

INJURIOUS IN8E0T8.
Th« following ars lome of the rnont common injarious inaecta that .r^

rfun«o.TnJ.. !; J ^"*J *""**■ "■* ^"'J' •"» »n''«<'t*ci«»^ »>ut if treating for
» fungoid peat at the nme time a>e » combined fongicide and inwHsticide.

1. Tbnt OATmv\LLABa.-auiocami,aA»ierirana and C. dUttria.

Tent Caterpillar : a and '.. caterpillarN ; c effs
cluster ; '/, cocoon.

Tent Caterpillar .Moth.

These inaecta weave large
webs in the branchoa of the apple
tree and do much damage feed
ing upon the foliage of the treea
They alao attack the plum and
cherry. The egga— 200 to 300
— »re laid in nnga upon the
twigs of the frees and can be
readily aeen, ao that many of
them might be easily deatroyed
daring the winter. The cater
pillars grow rapidly. Amerieum
haa a white strip down the back,
and diastria a aeriea of white
apota, and thua they are readily
diatinguiahed from each other,
Both develop into brown motha
The accompanying cut repreaenU
the different stages of the inaects,
C. Americana.

wl.«/rff*'^#~^: ^°n^^ *''® ^«« *'^'"'«'' »° ^>'^*'"" 2. Oraah the " tents
mUtare *'**«'^P'"»"- 3. Apply Paria green with lime or with Bordeaux

.alia J?^r""? caterpillars mature in the fall and remain dormant in the e«
Thlv ha^^^K^''"^'"' "'^'''T *»»«y «'»«'•«« daring the first warm days of sprin?
They have been discovered on the bads aa early as the fifteenth of April wak
mg for the yoang leaves to appear. If the tree i« sprayed with ptris 1 „
mixtare at this period their destruction is almost certain. *

of dealing with .h, ^.i«.-c.-..rSu™;;iii;r»r.7ro"7rhr3,rz

I. These make their home orimarilv in tho fnp<»f. -k— ,. u

orchards and lawns. „.„ „„^„

is impossible to clear off the egg-maaaea.

ate of^IeaJ^ltJr" »^°y^l be sprayed, as soon aa leaves are opened, with araen-
ate of lead aolation, made by dissolving in a wooden paU threJ. ounces of acetate

«

o( le*d m one quart of water, and in another wooden pail dinolve one oanoe of
arsenate of eoda in one pint of water ; empty tLo oontonta of «aob of the pails
mto a barrel of water (40 gallon.) Stir well ami add one quart of gluJoee.
Tar bands, moreover, should be placed around the trunks, and pyrethrum powder
may be used to advantage about the tree. k « "^

2. Tiiit Tussock Moth —Orgyia UncoHiqmn

;4

Tun»ock Moth : It, wioKlesH fumale on maM of
egrgH ; b, oaterpilUr ; r, female pupa ; -f, male pupa ;
«, male moth ; f, full (jrown caterpillar.

The caterpillar of the TuBSock Moth is very destructive some years, but
with care the trees may be kept quite free from its ravages. The white, froth-
like masses of eggs, which remain over winter on the trunks and larger branches,
and even ^n buildings and fences near by, may be scraped off and destroyed
during iv.-c .7inter. If a few survive this treatment to show themselves a8 larva-
spraying with Paris green will kill most
of them. The bands of tar brushed on
the trunks three or four feet from the
ground will prevent the wingless female
from ascending the trees to lay her eggs.

3. Codling Moth.— Carpocapga pomonella.
The eggs of this tiny moth are laid on
the leaves and stems and sometimes on the
skin of the young apple. As soon as
hatched the larva burrows into the apple,
where it feeds until fully developed.
Affected apples fall to the ground, and
often contain the worm in them. The

cocoons are frequently under the bark and

in other sheUered sncta.

The moth appears about the time the
trees are in bloom, and is one of the worst
pests that attacks the apple.

tP«||(?t

CodliDR Moth : (t, burruw ; 6, eatrance hole ;
d, pupa ; f, larva ; f, moth.

When the bloMomi have jast fallen the calyx leAvea are widelT opened. It
ia claimed by Mme of the beat authoritica that thia ia oar beat chance to
deal an effective blow at the flrat brood of larvw of codling moth, which
uaua ly enter the apple at thia point. The treea ahoald be thoroughly iprayed
with n a week after the bloaaoma have fallen that a qaantity of poiaon may
reat in the calyx cap and be protected by the leaves which cloae up rapidly and
r.'tain it for the firat meal of the larva, If thia spraying ia followed by rain it
will be necessary to repeat the application.

H<tm«<ly—\. Feed the fallen applea which may conUin larva. 2. Spray with
Uordeaax mixture and Paris green, as directed for the treatment of the apple.
4. Canker Wohmb. — Anisopierifx vtrnata and A. potnetaria.

»^B^ ^VHS^^ '^^ 'Pftog canker worm waa very common in

fi^ B?- — i"''^ l^^^- ^^^ worms are much alike, about an iooh
^B^ ByfiS ^°^^' °' ^ darkiah brown color, alender, and move
wtersaa^ with a hoop like motion, hence, sometimes called
" nieaduriug worms." They can drop from a tree
by a silken thread.

A. vemata, the moths, appear in ipring ; the
^^_, ^ ^ „ jt fem*le is wingless, the male ia aahoolored and has

Jf^^ wings. A. potmtaria is much the same, but the

C»nker \V.in« (/) and egg* («, '/, r.) moths aptear in the fall. The wingless femalea in
both species crawl up the trunks to lay
their eggs npon the twigs.

These insects attack the plum, cherry
and apple. The accompanying cuta illus-
trate A. vemata,

R«inedy—\. The females may b a trap-
ped by putting a band of some adhesive
material around the tree.

2. Paris green is an effective remedy, as directed in the treatment of the
apple, if used in time. If the worms are full grown and nnmeroup, use six
ounces of Paris green instead of four.

3. Tree collars.

5. Oystkr-shkll Bark-Loubb.— i/if<i7a«/M« ftomorum.

Thia insect appeara in the form of minute brown scale upon the bark of the
apple tree, and being much the same color is difficult to distinguish. The effss are
beneath the scales. They hatch about
the end of May or the beginning of
Jane. The young lice are almost in-
visible; they seek the ends of the
yoang twigs, where they become 6xed,

«nd continue to suck the juice from the o_.t^, qu-ii r..i, t

twig^ Soon a scale forms over them. Oyter-8h,ll Bark-Lou^.

All scales the ehape of an oyster-shell are females, and their eggs are laid under
the scale. The scale of the male is more oblong and is rarely seen.

♦«,«if^r^^"'\« \ **''L*"'' ^••."'^ly "Pring. "crape ott the rough i>ark from the
trunk and large limbi, and rub in with a scrubbing brash the following eolation :
One quart soft soap, or one quarter poand hard, in two qaarts boUUig water ;

Canker MotI » : u, male ; 6, female.

I'emr trre hIuk, vwioui nite».

6, P«Aa Tmk 8lc«j — irr»o««am;>a cfirati,
Thii iDMot may be foond .tUcking the pe*r, plum and cherry.

The eggi are laid aboat June. The
larva ia about onehklf inch in length
and it thicker towardii the hfad, of a
■omewhatgreeniah black color and •limy.
It ha« many lega. The pupa itage is
spent in the ground and laatH two week>.
The imago is a amall, four winged black
fly. The alug feeds on the up|)er sur-
face of thr l.af. It was quite common
daring 1896.
^«m«(/2/._Spraying with Bordeaux mixture aud Paris areen hellebore nr
pyrethruiD, in the common proportions. *^ ' ''''"®'^'*' °'

tive a?t'he LVbTf ^T^ •»~°'t»'e middle of July which is quite a. destruc
wXn'Xn^a^d'mfddle'r/nir' ^'^--^ B"<^-" -d Lis green fim

7. Pldm OvRcvuo.—ConotracheluH nenuphar.
!n ♦i.I«7'' *' °u *''»«°V*"'"«' known than this little beetle. The egg is deposited

a b-ac^ humlon Z° -5.7''/ «'7'"^' **««*'"• °°«fi'^»> °' «"> *°«»^ »o°8. with
stou^ bodv Th? bi!l^ S' fu' "*'^ '''•^^ '""• ^' '^•' • «"'^«d snout and a
!nd an^; i„ tK„ ^ ^l themselves during the winter in sheltered spots,
ana appear m the spring about the time the - ^

trees are in bloom. This insect is also found
upon the cherry, peach, and even apple. The
curcnlio works on the fruit for about eighteen
nays only.

Semedy.—l. Jarring the trees morning and
evening. At this time many beetles will drop
and may be collected on a sheet placed below.

2. Gather and destroy the affected plums as
they fall. *^

3. Spray with Bordeaux mixture and Paris
green as directed for the treatment of the plum
Spray once before the trees bloom, again as soon
as the petals fall, and repeat about a week after

Plum ' Curcnlio : o, jf,ub • b and
e, beetle ; d, egg laying on plum.

8. To Protect the Peach Tbeb kbom the Borer
th« J±.!r'il'!!-°/.^.!''1r/'<>'»,*f»'-*-'* ^'-hlime. add water antil it ha.

littl. ., m.k. . fj^t j,b. Apply Clrt^Ts^ S fZ!^ *"°""' ""^ "

- J

10

9. OuBRANT Wotiit.—NematuB ribesii.

Currant Worms and the Saw Flies to which they change.

This insect ia very troublesome upon currant and gooseberry bushes. It
lays its eggs early in the spring, on the under side of the leaves, in rows along
the veins. These hatch in about ten days, and the young worms appear. The
larva, when full grown, is about three quarters of an inch in length, of a green-
ish cc !op, with dark spots, and has many legs. It spins a brown cocoon, of paper-
like texture, which is found sometimes on the ground among the dried leaves,
or on the bueh, attached to the stems or leaves. Thib represents the pupa con
dition.

The imago appears in about two weeks after the pupa stage has been
entered. The male is much smaller than the female, the body black, with some
yellow spots above, while in the
female the body is mostly yellow.
Both have four membranous wings.
A second brood is of common oo-
oarrence.

Hemedies. — 1. Hellebore, one
ounce in three gallons of water. It
may also be applied as a dry pow-
der, mixing it with three or four
parts of flour.

2. Paris green for the first
brood, but care must be taken not
to continue this if the fruit is likely
to be affected.

10. Qbape-Vinb Beetle. — Hallica
chalybea.

The egga are deposited on the
under side of the leaves. The
larva is about one- third of an

inch long
dition is
The
passes tl
is very (
larval ooi

Rem
combined

2, E

3. Ji

The,
tree. Th
about thri
shallow c{
bark and
cuts a pas

Roun
In this cha
it is' an inc!
borer, whic
The in
on the wini

11

Moh long, browniib, with levertl black dota on the bodv Thl .

d.t..n i. p«ed in th, ground, .nd oontinae. L .bo.t\re, ^^e^' ""°"

J, Dast pyrethram powder upon the vines attacked.
3. Jarring the vines in the morning and collecting the beetles.
11, RouND-HsADBD BowiR.~Saperda Candida.
tr«e ThlT '"^ ^T''-^^^ about June, near the base of the trunk of the annle

£S°^dTniio;jit:tT-r.:'i^ rx ri- r -v» '^'

Win i

In thif^r.nnT>' ""T" ^r ^""'' ''^"■'" ^"'^"" = "' '"^- ' *' P^P'' = ". beetle.

in tliiB channel it enters the pupa stase about anrinir W».^„ *-i j i ^

o. .h^^i^^r.* SdtngtoSi5":it!:°vi*^^^

12. Flat-Headed Borer.— CAryso6o</.m /smorato.
This insect also attacks the trunk of the apple
tree, but it lays its eggs higher up the tree than the pre-
ceding one. The larva is a pale yellow, an inch long,
and has a well-marked flat head, much wider than
tnebody. It is sometimes found even in the limbs,
and is not so long in developing as the round-headed
borer. It cuts flat channels in the sapwood, and
-. ometimes girdles the tree. Castings and discolored
bark indicate its presence. It finally bores into the

' a\i! — ' "'"' '-"''""*'=° » p^pa for about two weeks,
and then emerges as an imago about half an inch lona.
somewhat flat, and of a greenish black color, with
tnree rawed lines on each wing-cover. The legs and
under side of the body present a coppery lustre.

Flat-Headed Apple Tree
Borer, Chrysobothnt femora-
it Fabr : a, larva ; 6, beetle.

12

Remedies.— I. Examine the trees in autumn, and where the sawdust-like
oastings indicate the presence of the " borer," a stifl wire may be pushed in and
the larva killed, or sometimes the larva can be out out with a knife.

2. About the beginning of June, apply the following mixture to the trunk
of the tree ; one pound of hard soap, or one quart soft in two gallons of water ;
heat to boiling, and add one pint crude carbolic acid ; make a second applica-
tion in three weeks. This can be well done by using an old scrubbing brush to
rub it in.

13, The Pbab Trbk Psylla — Psylla pyricola.

The immature tn««c<— These curious, minute, oval, immature forms are
called nymphs. The newly-hatched ones are yellow in color, with crimson eyes

and can scarcely be seen with the unaided eye.
Duting their growth they gradually acquire the
black markings shown in the figure, and beoonae
tinged with red. A very conspicuous feature in
the full grown nymph is the large black wing-
pads on each side of the body.

The adult insect. — In this form the insect
strikingly resembles a cicada or dog-day harvest-
Hy in miniature. Its general color is orimson
with broad black bands across the abdomen. Its
thickened femora enable it to jump like a ilea.
In the male insect the abdomen terminates in a
large trough-shaped segment from which pro-
ject upward three narrow copulating organs ;
Full-grown nmph'of the pear pniiJa, the end of the abdomen of the female resembles

ventral view, greatly enlarged. a bird's beak.

Remsdy.—0\xT experiments in 1892 showed that the nymphs in all stages
were quickly killed by kerosene emulsion.* Others who have tested it thor-
oughly report success.

Usually most of the damage is done in this State by the first brood of
nymphs before June 15bh. It is therefore very important that the insect should
be checked early in the season. We now advise using the
emulsion diluted with about fifteen parts of water, instead of
with twenty-five, as it is more effective against the nymphs,
and it will also kill the adult insects. As the nymphs begin
to hatch just as the leaves are expanding, then is the time to
begin spraying ; about May 15th is usually the time in i^is
State. Where they are numerous, a second or third spraying
will be necessary. The emulsion must be applied liberally
and thoroughly : it will not injure the tree in the least. It is
much more difficult to fight the insect later in the summer,
when the tree is in full foliage and many of the nymphs are
covered with honey-dew. Watch for their appearance on the
unfolding leaves in the spring and act promptly. Spray t«o
or three times in a week if necessary; make every effort to pre-
vent the development of a second brood.

pyriKdln, thf
adult innect, much
enlarged.

The
trunks ai
least five
the adult
whale oil
believe ic

This
•ometimei

I

Apple Tree
oceltana ;
pupa.
middle; t
an inch ac
blackberry

Heme
ment of tl

IheJ
either pun

^

(*rrom Cornell University Agricultural Experimentol Station Bulletin No. 108.)

Fall Web-

and the ooi
ated with <

The Si
other r»rj,e
throughout
fluffy

13

Th9 Adults— In Bolletin 44 we laggeated that a thorough washing of the
trnnks and larger branches of the trees in winter with kerosene emalsion (at
least five per cent kerosene), or a strong soap solntion, would destroy many of
the adults in hibernation in the crevices of the bark. It is reported that a
whale oil soap solution, has been thus used very effectively in New Jersey. We
believe ic is a practical method, and should be practised in infected orchards.

14. Bud Moth. — Tmetocera ocellana.

This insect is fond of attacking both leaf and flower buds upon the apple, and

sometimes proves very injurious. The half-grown larva winters over and appears

\^ ^ in spring as a small brown caterpillar, just about

the time the buds begin to open, and feeds upon

them. It measures about half an inch when full

grown. By rolling up one side of a leaf, and

securely fastening it with silken threads, it forma

a tube in which it enters the pupa stage, having

^ lined the little chamber with a closely woven layer

of silk. This condition lasts ten days. The imago

A.,«i« rp n J nr ..u m . ^ a small moth, resembling the oodlins moth in
Apple Tree Bud Moth, r»ietocfra _}„ -«J #«-„ t* j- -« l "" *"8 "•"«'"»«

oceltanu; a, moth; 6, larva; c,^"® *"** '°""- I' " " ^^ ash-gray color. The
pupa. front wings have a whitish-gray band across the

middle ; the hind wings are a dusty brown. The expanded wings measure half
an inch across. It also attacks pear, plum, cherry, quince and peach trees and
blackberry buds. '

Remedy.— FAtia green added to Bordeaux mixture as directed for the treat-
ment of the apple.

15. Thk Fall WebWorm.— FypAon^rta cunea.

The Fall Web- Worm is another serious pest of shade trees. The moth is
either pure white, or white spotted with black, and is a very pretty creature.

It lays a cluster of 300 or 400 eggs on

the leaves. The caterpillars feed in

colonies, and each colony spins a web

wherever it feeds. When full grown,

the caterpillars leave the web and crawl

down the trunk to the ground to spin

their cocoons, within which they pass

the winter as pupse. Several methods

may be adopted to rid the trees of the

pest. The collection of the cocoons, and

the spraying with Paris green are both

Pall Web-Wonn-o, caterpillar ; b. pnpa ; elective, bat perhaps, the most effective

e, moth. mode of treatment is to bum the weba

and the contained caterpillars. A long pole, to the end of which a swab satur-

ated with ooal oil is fastened, makes a good torch for burning the webs.

16. The Sprucb Gall Louse. — Chermes abietia.

Thi> Spruce QaU Louee is undoubtedly a serious pest of the white and*
other r{ir?;eties of spruce. Daring the last few yean it has done much damage
throughoat the Province. In early spring, aboat the first week in May, woolly,
fluffy masses may be seen on the terminal twigs of the spnioe, and if theae boi

14

Zdieme lY^L^Zl' V!if««' '" ^ '°"°^- !«» »'»'>'»'«' '^e^k the lice hatch,

llrl Taehi^^jJ'Ji'r^^^ '«>" -'»°'' the characteristic

^urj. Aoe base of every infested leaf becomes enlarffed and sail-like Th« Ur
•vae are s.fe from insecticides as they now live withif ?hrb.fe of the leal

If tl
tobacco w
killed. 1
lice make

17. As

A spa
in the Ni
spotted ac

The

beetle, w
latter is a
spots.

The I
the first
deposit eg
grabs wb
in a week
ble some)!
potato bee
of yellow
nearly tw
asparagns
adult beetl

Bemei
as to force
every few

2. So
as traps, a:
the grubs c

In all
ounces to t

18

Thise
by three di
the juices (
is diiS5cult

R«mea
insects cam

2, Spi
whale oil sc
day.

*•-ws.?:stir;trrSiJ.•■?■-al/&proiiJ=;s^^^,!-

15

If the trees are sprayed thoroughly with a mixture of soap oolution and
l^StS*^ tL" "^ "*i°'' "'L*' S\^«8" are observed, most of the yonng lice will be
killed. The operation shoald be repeated in August, when the second brood of
lice make their appearance.

17. AsPABAGtJB BKBTLES.-CriocenV Aaparagi and Crioeeris ^punctata.

Asparagus beetles.-Two ne r pests of the asparagns have arrived in Ontario
*5« Niagara region during the past year. These are the common and the 12-
spotted asparagus beetles.

The former is a steel-blue
beetle, with white spots, and the
latter is a reddish beetle with black
spots.

The adult beetles appear about
the first week o! May, and soon
deposit eggs on the shoots. The
grubs which hatch from the eggs
in a week aie slug like, and resem-
ble somewhat the grubs of the
potato beetle, but are grey instead

near^t^o wLt fn°^th/l^^°'' ,, twelve Spotted Asparagus Beetle ((7.^«W,
nearly two weeks on the tender ^i'/)uncfa<a); o, adult beetle; 6, full-grown larva.
asparagus shoots, when they change into the pupa state. Ten days later the
adult beetles emerge from the ground and begin to lay eggs for a second brood.

Semediea.—l. AH asparagus plants should be cut down in early sprine ao
as to force the beetles to lay their eggs on the new shoots which are cut regularly
every few days. In this way the eggs have not time to hatch.

2. Some shoots may be allowed to grow during the cutting reason to serve
as traps and at intervals sprayed with Paris Green, or cut and burned before
the grubs develop. ««'»*/» ^

In all cases the beds should be thoroughly sprayed with Paris Green ^
ounces to a barrel of water) at the close of the cutting season.

18. Thk Gbapb-Lbap Hopper ob Tnmp.—Erythroneura vUis.
This small insect, about an eighth of an inch long, of a white color, marked
by three dark bauds, is sometimes troublesome on grape vines. It feeds upon
• ^J^*"^! ?' the plant, and is usually upon the underside of the leaf, where it
18 dimcult to reach m spraying.

/?flm«rfy.—l. Remove fallen foliage at the close of the season, so that the
insects cannot find shelter during the winter.

2. Spray with kerosene emulsion diluted with ten parts water, or with
whale oil soap solution, on the under side of the leaves in the cooler part of the

19. Rbd Spidbb. — Tetranychus telarius.

The red spider is a very small insect— a trufl mite— an** in "«!n° p'-'-es is
very destructive. It sucks the juices of the plants attacked, and c4usm the
color of the leaf to change from green to a grayish white. It flourishes in a dry
atmosphere and lii sunny places ; shade and moisture are not favorable to ita
development. , , .

16

plantf moht "^" ^^"^ "'^^ °'**' ""**'*' ^^ ^~P '^'^ •tmotphere about the
2. Spraying with kerosene emalaion ihoald alio be followed by good retulti.
20. Plant Lice.— A pkidai.

c^:'oIZ^:Vof.^{'^''' tr/.^'Jh'eVa^^el^siSJ'li ttettZS'iL*
oraoki of the bark of the twigg and around the bada. When depoxited thev are
a greenish color but pw gradually darker until they are a shinlS^bUck
u« ♦ *7 *^°*' *"* **•* '?""« J"' *" **»« »'°'J" »~ swelling, and the tikv Uce
S 2:;r^7' "P^" t^« t«df .«d «pon the underside S the younXv«
I^th oZt 'n-ir'' ^i*""* «»»king it difficult to treat them. tU SiS
sT^ta*^ ^ ^' "•'^ considerable damage to the foliage Ind young

i?«»Mrf^.— Spray with kerosene emulsion, whale-oil bosd solntinn a-
tobacco decoction as soon as the lice hatch, being caref ir o t^Sch ?ver^one of
them, as these substances kill only by contact. everyone of

21. The Clover Mite,— Bryobia pratenaia, Gorman.

.,nf ?°"°8 .^''^ '^jpte' tl^ew may be seen upon the branches, around the
crotches, and sometimes covering the trunks of trees, massesTraTherlarce
round, reddish eggs. These are the eggs of the clover Tue, and are v?rv
numerous in some Ontario orchards this /ear. The mites hatch Ibout the month

ke^uij^sr^iSr^^s^jzr^

any of the remedies given for plant lice. n»oonea use

22. San .Tobb Scale,
A special illustrated bulletin on the San Jose and other scale inse^it. ha«

INJURIOUS FUNGI.

The usual Ufehiatory of a parasitic fungus is, that it arises from a snore
wboh ismioroscopio; this germinates and gives rise to threadlike strnoJS^I!

whSi ^kY?: ^""^ "«»;uotu«^« in time spores are produced, as new sourwi f™u.
SLi StlkeT ""^ '^ '^^ °°'''*"' ^ ^* "J"™"" *^ *»»« vitaU^of °h"

The following are a.aong the most injurioiu fungi that affect the products of
Uie Sjrfen and orchard. Th« can be readily oontrSed by the pwiTaroHca
Uon of Bordeaux mixture, as directed : proper appiica

This
on the fn
the spots

This
small pim
stunted.

Attac
at first, th
mified" K
fruit shoal
the disease

This i
patches, wi
spots with
burning.

This d

leaves of th
somewhat |
and check I

This m
warm, dry a
are covered
spraying wit

This fu
affecting the

This fuE
it perfectly.

Rbmbov,

branch two o

the knot afte

tnre to prove;

2

re about the
{ood reiulte.

tfl and tre«a.
'his tnali, is
I aatumn in
ted they are
•lack.

le tiny lice
>ang leaves,
7 moltiply
and young

lolation or
everyone of

uroand the
ther large,
are very
the month
assume an

one of the
Mh, plum,

inter with
ktohed use

iseuts has
f yon are

0 a spore
itruotures
nourish-
roes froid
ity of the

17
1. Apfl. Spot or So.« ^Fu,icladium dendriticum. '

the spots where the s^^ a^^pru^i L'VrLrumVeJ;!'^ ^'^^''^^ ^^^ °'
2. Lbaf ^voT.-Entonvosporium maculatum.

-mall^illmp^ri^trcent« ' ^When^^'H '^^'''^«' *° '"^'^ '^^^''^ «?<>*» with
stunted. "* ^^^"^ ^^ ''">* " *"»cked it cracks and appears

3. Bbown RoT.~.l/o«i7io /ructigma.

at fir^Xn%&ra'nT^^^^^^^^ becomes brownish

mified" and is often seen uZ fit V this condition it is termed "mum-

fruit should be gathered and bSmed as thTv '° ^''^ '°'^- ^" " '»°'«»'nified "
the disease. '**^'*' *' '^^^ ''0'»*a>° spores that will perpetuate

4. Ai,raRAcsosE~Glai08porium venetum.

patchl*;';!Z;^'Trord:; and^ZV^' ""P*'^"'^^ *« -*" --d - oval

spots with darkSerS affected ca^^^^^^ k'^' ^'*^^-^ *" «""*" ^^"o''"!^

burning. *°^°'®** °»''«" ^^lo^ld be cut out and destroyed by

6.

Lbaf blight, or Sunburn -Sphcrdla fragan,..

^^--^^^iTZl"^:^^ 'he upper surface of the

somewhat grayih Stroy bv*^ n o-f "'^^"l ** ^"*' "^^"^ *»>« ««»^*r« becomes
and check by Bordeaux spTayinJ. ^ * "^ P^**^"" *'^^ ^^^ *^'°P o*" Prevent

6. Powdery MiLDKw.-^;,A«r<,<Aeca mors «««..

warm^Xtl^Idlottl^^ on the gooseberry.. It thrives in a
are covert with aTrayLh sTstlnTan^^^^^^ destructive. At first the berries
spraying with BordLrLturewS^retei^^^^ * ^'"""•^ *'°'°''- ^^^^

7. ^orKTOBUQHT.—Phytophthora infestana.

affectTi^\i:T2rs"*"^' *^' P°'**°' ^^"^-^'^-"g with the leaves and finally

8. ^LKCK.KmT.-PlowHghtia morbosa.
it peSlyT' ''*''" P'"-" *°^ •^h^"^ ''^-- The name black-not describe.

branc^h Woor t?,il?:che^1l7t^^^^^^^^^ '^^^ V ''''''' -•"^-'^ 'he
the knot after the Te.^yrdron L th^^^^^^ P"':^ ^"^^ • thorough search for

tnre to prevent newTAmWoltg ^ffisl'eV "^'' ^°''^*" "^•'-

18

9. Mildew of thk Peach,

It is » foDKUB of the tipi of iboots and young leaves. Syringe with soap-
•nda. Some mix lime water with the aoapflads and afterwaida dait with Bulphar.
Oo(d praning and good growth are generally autiioient to prevent.

10. Yellows.

" Yellows " in peaches is a oontagions disease, fatal to aflected trees, and
there is no known remedy bat to dig oat and bum root and branch.

11. Little Peaches.

a new disease of i'kach tbv.es.

A cew disease of the peach, known as " little peaches," has done a great
deal of damage in Alichigan, and is reported from peach orchards on the Niagara
River, in New York State, and some other points. The peach ceases to grow
when it is about the siz9 of a plam. The tree gradually looses vitality and die*.
Ik is considered contagious and quite as bad as the " yellows." Remedy : Dig
out and barn as soon as discovered.

SOME BENEFICIAL INSECTS.

Some insects may be classed among the friends of the frait-grower and
iarmer. They feed upon some of the injurious forms of insect life — chit fly in

^1 iM M M' ^

Fig. 1.

Fir. 2.

the larval stege— and in this way thf y help to lessen their ravages. Among
these beneficial insects are :

CoLEOPTERA (Beetles).

Ladybirds— Convex, nearly hemispherical, generally red or yellow, and
«potted. They feed upon small insects and the eggs of larger species, and are

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

walaable for keeping plant lice in check, some of the varieties attacking the
ADhids feeding upon the leaves of the apple trees. Among the moat beneficial
are- Nine-si»tted Lady-bird (Fig. 1), Fifteen-spotted Lady-bird (Fig. 2), Ten

spotted L%d
bird (Fig.
represents t

Orouni
hiding in th(
They are val
of injurious
as the Calos(
of their food
or Fiery Hu:
colored pits (
Searcher (Fi^
the body Is i

Fig. 12.

Murky
are also benel

TiGBR B

the orchardisi

P^SflKWi

rith soap-
li aulphnr.

treei, aod

le a great
e Niagara
I to grow
and dies,
edy : Dig

■ower and
ohitfly in

Among

)lIow, and
18, and are

Fig. 8.

eking the

beneficial

I 2), Ten-

19

•pHted Lidy-bird (Fig. 3), Two-spotted Ladybird (Fig. 4), Convergent Lady-
bird (Fig. 6), Oomely Ladybird (Fig. 6), Plain Ladybird (Fig 7) Fig. 8
represents the larval condition of the Nine-spotted L-idy bird.

KiK. 1>.

Pig. 11.

Fig. 10.

.... ^«00ND Beetles —These are found living on the surface of the ground
hiding in the ground under stones or rubbish, or running through the grass!
, , ^. "? valuable helpers to the orchardiat, as some of them feed upon the larvie
k '^n*'"' ^**'^'''» ■°<'^ •■ '^8 pe»r midge, curculio, etc. Those beetles known
as the (Mosoma are caterpillar hunter*, sometimes even climbing trees in search
of their food. Two valuable epecies are C. caMum, or the Red spotted, Glowing
or Fiery Hunter, which may be easily recognized by the rows of reddiih or copper
colored pits on the wing covers (Fig. 9), and C. scrutator, or Beautiful Bodied
Searcher (Fig. 10). The latter has green or violet wing covers, and the rest of
the body is markec| with violet, blue, gold, green and copper.

Fig. 12.

Via. U.

Murky Gr'^UND BeRTMCR knnnrn aa lIr,».mf.U.., /Vi„ 1l\ __j d. f i^.^

are also benefi. » the agncultuv t. The former is of a pitchy black color.
*i. ^'^"8 Bbbtlrb (Figs. 12 and 13) are more valuable to the farmer than to
the orchardiat, and several species of these are quite common.

20

I'igs. 14 and 15). "
>% I'/y nee

HvMBWoPTERA (Ii«g$, Wagp$, ete.)
JcHNBCMON Flies -ThcBe are onr most common para»itei of iniurioaa
Meet., chiefly among the batter (Hm and motba. The varfoa. uZielvlnmlch

ligs. 14 and 15). ihe most common are Thaleosa, with a very long tail. pari.
a/ac on pigeon tremex. and Opfno7i, with yellow body, Vener.
ally compres«ed. living on the polyphemua moth and yjllow-
, ,. ..y^ necked caterpillar. '

.5-^.^ — JUpl*. Braconids.— Sometimes alio called Ichneumr- fliet
Fl». 15. ffacrogaster lays egga in the bodies of sphinx larvie. The
,. , ,^ ^»'*^': develop there, and jast before the oaterpiUar perishes

they leave It and spin their white, oblong, silken cocoons on its back. The"
egg-hke bodies should not be disturbed, as adult Microgastera will swn emerge

Aphidiua infests plant lice, but it is too small to be readily seen.
(Fig.^6.7"*"''""* (Delicate Uce String) is parasitic on codling moth. etc.

th« oahil^^' K%?%^''^'S'\u^""-^'"'^' ""^ P»"«»*»°- 0°« "P^cies infests
the cabbage butterfly, and others many troublesome larvje.

thp.lK.^'?*!.-^^''"''"?^*'?^ ".'^ *'* P^'*'^ •'"^"g "»« beneficUl insects, as
they subsist chiefly upon injurious forps. '

Fig. 17.

DiPTEBA {FliAs—TuioiMng

Fig. la

i\

TACHiNiDS-The Tachina flies are larger than house flies. (Figs. 17 and
i» ) As valuable as the Ichneumon for p:.rasitizing caterpillars, grasshoppers,

! injurioaa
▼arj moch
form. See
tail, para-
dy, gener-
nd yellow-

nr- fliei.
rvie. The
r periihcB
k. Theec
n emerge.

QOth, etc.
ies infesta
Imeoti, aa

f

21

!f«:«?^**' •" '^*n°° *^« "'f^C'o' caterpillar., and the l.rv«. bore indde. Out
worm, are eapecially attacked by them. Many T.china fly larv« Zy upon

J«^ 'r!i ^'"'f " P"'" "P°° •P"''*- ^»-«"««A««. iith a long tilS
abdomen, feed, upon clover midgea. * ••ponng

plant lice. (Fig. 19.) Some live under ground and live upon apple root-Iioe

Fig. 19.

FIk. 20.
IIrmiptrra (Bugs).

Fig. ai.

Stink Bdgb or Spinbd Holdibr Bugs feed on larva- of the potato beetle.

HoLDiBR Bugs.— These are predacious on other insects. Head amall. eje*
prominent, beak abort. Easily recognised. (Fig. 20.)

Nburoptira (Four- Winged).
aphid5*'*(Pi''*2lV*°* ^""^ •«> often found feeding on currant worms and
Dbaoon Fliks are also classed among the beneficial insects.

AN ACT FOR THE BETTER PREVENTION OF CERTAIN
DISEASES AFFECTING FRUIT TREES.

Chap. 280, R.S.O. 1897.

1. This Act may be cited at The Yellows and Black Knot Act,

n„?;«n«{"i*il ^ »t ^"^u^ ^^.^""^V occupant of land, or if the land be Duty of
unoccupied it shall be the duty of the owner : owners »nd

(1) To cut out and burn all black' knot found on plum or cherry S^"*"**'
trees on his land so often each year as it appears on such trees ; and

(2) To cut down and burn any peach, nectarine or other trees on
hi8 land infected with the disease known aa the yellows, and to
destroy all the fruit of trees so infected.

- j^"'.,, '-*- -" ~"v ^'""txvj, ujujr, Mjwxi, lowDSQip, or moor- a., • ^

L?e^ A"' TV '^'^ "P?^ * P,**^*^°" °' ^f^««^ °' "^°'« «»«- o^^SX
payers, aball by by-law, appoint at least one inspector to enforce the »"<' b«*'d of

provisions of this Act in the municipality, and fix the amount of in"g^S„.

22

Dntki ut

couoty

hiipeotor.

Inipf ctor to

proceed uiion

written oom-

plftint.

r«uiUR«r»Uon teo. or ohargn. be U to receive for the performance of
Ik .hJJn' ' ^u , ^*"^ • ^•«"07 th*!' occur in tho office of intp«otor.
11 U the duty of the oouncll to rtU the Mme forthwith; and

the council (m any municipality where peaches are grown) .hall ilio
W' by law appoint three or more perwna reaideiit in the municipality.
r„n«.r^'L' cowtltute a board of fruit tree inapeotion, to which
appeala shall lie from the order ot decision of the said inspector.

(2) The ooancil may pass a by-law dividing the municioa .ty Into
aacb sections or divisions as may be necessary for t!-. ccryit ..t of
ihiM Act, and may appoint inspectors for such divi^iuns whose duties
and powers shall m all respects be the same as thai- of lb.- township
inspector. »^

(3) Where an inspector is appointed by a county council, his
«? h?.'i . ^i° "^ ^^^ •'T'*' inspectors in enforcing the proviiion.
of this Act, and where no local inspector is appointed by a munici-
pality the inipector appointed by the county council shall have all
the powers cf a local inspector within such municipalitj.

ki \ ? 7*",'? oomDlaint be made to the inspector that yellows or
black knot exists within the municipality, in any locality described
«.'^?i";r^ •?*: ^^'i* reasonable certaintv, he shall proceed to
examine the fruit trees in such locality, and If satisfied o2 the ores
enw of either disease he shall immediately gi^e notice in writing to
the owner or occupant of tbe land whereon the affected treea are
growing, requiring him within ten days from the receipt of the
Utr A "*'** *"*' ^"^ '^' *°*'"'*' provided by section 3

Inspector t3
Mcertain and
report aa to
exutenoe of
digeasea.

Report to
Minister of
Agrioulture.

*k- 7^1^ I ^^?^f '^"^y °' ^^^T inspector appointed onder

this Act, by personal inspection to ascertain from time to time
whether either of the diseases mentioned in this Act exists in the
manic pa ity, and to report thereon at least once a year to the
municipal council, and wherever he is satisfied of the presence of
either diseaee he shall pr.red 'n the same manner as ik case of a
complaint made under nt^, . t ' this Act.

^'^]^u°^?I **! *^® !'*''■'*' ^^^'^ <>' '*»« inspector shall be for-
warded by the clerk of the municipality to the Minister of Aaricul-
ture. ®

kS?d'!f*fruiii . ® -(I) An owner or occupant to whom notice regarding yellows

tree jnspec- *>«■ o«en given by the inspector, under section 6 of this Act mav

t -n. appeal therefrom, within the ten days limited therein, to the'boar'l

01 fruit tree inspection of the municipality.

Notice (..'
appeal.

(2) The owner or occupant so appealing, shall, within the said ten
days, give notice in writing to the inspector that he requires au
____ — _.or. ^.. „u^ otcCT, lu. xxayviii oi wnxcQ oompiams, is madu, by
the board of the fruit tree inspection, and shall name the day and
hour at which the examination will take place.

ts

fformMioe of
of inspeotor,
rthwith ; and
ro) ahdl ilto
munioipftlity,
<D, to which
up«^ctor.

cioh itj Into
rryit^ xitoi
whose datiet
iho towDihip

council, his
he proTi«ion«
y A muaici-
lall have all

it yellowi or
ty described
1 proceed to
cl the prea
1 writing to
ted treei are
oeipt of the
by section 3

ointed ander
[me to time
dati in the
year to the
presence of
in case of a

hall be for-
of Agricul-

ling yellows
s Act, may
to the boar 1

the said ten
requires au
is made, by
he day and

(3) The , erson app«,. 'ng .hall also within the a«td ten data give NotlcMo
noUoe in writing to three ineinl,«*f8 of the «.aid board th^^i he rr .lairPi '?•"'»" ,

for the examination of the said fruit treea, and the date so fixed
shall be not less than three daya after the service of notice on the
infprctor and on the last member of the board ao ^er/ed,

(4) At the day and hoar named in the ..otioe of appeal, the Ex.n,i. M.«
members notified shall attend and examine th. trees in qaitlon, a»d by Ca ""
determine whether or not the notice aiven by the in8i)^otor to the

owner or occupant, under beotion ft of this Act, was rightly given,
and the deoUion of the said board or of a majority of the members
present shall be final.

(5) The decision of the board shall be in writing, signed by .he DeciriasW
members agreeing thereto, and a duplicate i lereof shall be given to boardT^
the person appealing and to the inspeotor. aiH pending such decision

all proceedings against the owner or oocnp .nt appealing shall be
stayed, and if the said board decides that th notice given by the
inspector was wrongly given and wai unnecei^wry, no further pro-
ceedings shall be taken thereon. ^ ^

(6) Each member of the said board shall be eaUtled to receive |Ji „ , .
for every examinaUon made by him under this section, and the sam« ^'^'''^ *^'*'

1-! i ♦i.^'T i ^ ?® **/T .*"' occupant appealing if the board
decides that the notice of the inspector was rightly given, or by the
municipfthty if the board decides that such notice was wronaly riven
and the amount of laid fcei shall be stated in th « written d<Sision
of the board, and shall be a debt due to the board from the party so
found liable, recoverable in any division court having jurisdiction.

7.-0) Any owner or occupant of land who, ai er notice given » „•
by the inspeotor, as provided by section 4. sufi^ers acv black knot to '^''"•'"•••
remain on plum or cherry trees, or keeps any peac h, nectarine or
other trees infected with yellows or the fruit of tr. ^a ao infected
ahall upon conviction, be liable to a fine of not less t an $6 and not
more than 920 for every such offence.

(2) Any person who knowingly offers for sale or shipment, or sells
or ships the fruit of trees infected with yellows, shall, upon convic-
tion, be liable to a fine of not less than f 6 nor more than 820.

(3) Every inspector who, after receiving the written complaint
n quired by section 4, of this Act, rtfuses or neglects to discharge
the duties imposed on him by this Act, shall, upon ccaviction, be
liable to a fine of not less than $10 nor more than 920.

8.— Every offence against the provisions of this Act shall be An,,,:^ ,-, „ i

onniiihpd. and tliA nAnaltv imnnHPd tor ntu^h nffnn^A akall U» .- j AppiicaTiion oi

and levied, on summary conviction, before any justice of the peace ;
and one-half of every fine imposed shall be paid to the inspeotor or
other person laying the information, and one-half to the treasurer of

24

the manioipality in which the offence is committed, for the age of
the municipftlity.

Council to re- 9.— The council of every muninipalitv shall require its inspector
torstoSorm " '"P®?**" ^ 'MtWoUy discharge aU their duties under this Act.

their duties. '

ACT FOR THE PROTEOTIOIf OF INSECTIVOROUS AND

OTHER BIRDS.

Chap. 289, R. S. O. 1897.

HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the
Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as
follows : —

0. 287 not af- ^' Nothing in this Act contained shall be held to affect Ths On-

fected. tano Game Protection Act, or to apply to any imported cage birds or

0»Ke birds Other domesticated bird or birds generally known as cage birds or to

and poultry, any bird or birds generally known as poultry.

mayU*'kmed. . ?— iV ^'^<i«P'= *» in' section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not
be lawful to shoot, destroy, wound, catch, net, snare, poison, drug
or otherwue kill or injure, or to attempt to shoot, destroy, wound'
catch, net, snare, poison, drug or otherwise kill or injure any wild
native birds other than hawks, crows, blackbirds and English spar-
rows, and the birds especially mentioned in The Ontario Game Pro-
tection Act.

(2) Any person may, during the fruit season, for the purpose of
protecting his fruit from the attacks of such birds, shoot or destroy
on his own premises, the bird known as the robin without being liable
to any penalty under this Act.

Sfing lorS , 3* Except as in section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be
den. lawful to take, capture, expose for sale or have in possession any

bird whatsoever, save the kinds hereinbefore or hereinafter excepted
or to set wholly or in part any net, trap, spring, snare, cage, or other
machine or engine, by which any bird whatsoever, save and except
hawks, crows, blackbirds, and English sparrows, might be killed and
captured ; and any net, trap, spring, snare, cage or other machine
or engine, set either wholly or in part for the purpose of either cap-
turing or killing any bird or birds save and except hawks, crows,
blackbirds and English sparrows, may be destroyed by any person
without such person incurring any liability therefor.

?/'i« n""lo ^" Save as in section 6 of this Act provided, it shall not be lawful
be talen. 'o takj, injure, destroy, or have in possession any nest, young, or egg

of any kind whatsoever, except of hawks, crows, blackbirds, and

English sparrows.

5. Any
and carry t,
fisoated, an
market clei
confiscate, t

6 Thee
Game Prot
student of <
cation and i
schedule he
in said sche
or exchangi
any time oi
study, with(

7. The \n
tinne in for<
issued, and i
for the time

8.-(l) I
the offender
than twenty
tion or comp

(2)Thewl
convicting ji
collusion wi
which case tl
ordinary case

(3) In def
be imprisonei
than two and
justice.

9. No con
in the form t
mens or othei
injustice resu

AN AC

HER MAJ]
Legislat
follows : —

1 . No persi
up an any land
3

25

r the ase of

its inspector
er this Act.

aUS AND

sent of the
», enacts as

ot Th9 On
kge birds or
birds or to

it shall not
tison, druj(,
oy, wound,
3 any wild
iglish spar-
Garm Pro-

purpose of
or destroy,
eing liable

all not be
assion any
' excepted,
B, or other
ad except
killed and
' machine
iither cap-
ks, crows,
ny person

be lawful
ng, or egg
irds, and

andoat^fS! °i*^/e"«'0'^ ^'ew, any bird unlawfally possessed. Power to
^V^P T-f*T ^'^°? *''y J""'°« °' "^e P«»ce, to be by him con ««'f« H^'1*
Si ' r^'t '' "i'^*' f? ^' "^«'*'«** ' ^'^'^ i* »»'*" be the duty of all ^o «" ed^
confiscate, and if alive, to liberate such birds.

6 The chief game warden for the tiaae being under The Ontario t> ■.

uSLtT'Xl t''' '""^?'^ '«°«^^^°8 ^'°"^^^y ornithologist or SSStS'Sy
student of ornithology, or biologist, or student of biology, an appli- chiffg»^''^

cation and recommendation according to the forms A and B in the '^"•^?°,*».

in said schedule empowering the holder to coUect, and to purchase,
or exchange all birds or eggs, otherwise protected by this Act at
any time or season he may require the same for the purposes of
study, without the liability to penalties imposed by this Act

7. The permits granted under the last preceding section shiU eon n, *• r

Zi'"' 'r' °"i? '^' '""i °^ *^« '=*^«'^^»' y«« ^ which they Te Si?" "'
issued, and may be renewed at the option of the chief game wlrden
for the time being under Th^ Ontario Game Protection Act

fi.?«ff^^] The violation of any provision of this Act shall subject p„„.u-
the offender to the payment of not less than one dollar and not m^ore '"'*'''•
than twenty dollars with coste, on summary conviction, on informa-
tion or complaint before one or more justices of the peace.

.SJil^^ '^**°i? °u'''® ^°® '^*" ^ P**^ *° *^« prosecutor unless the ^ ,. .
convicting justice has reason to believe that the prosecution is in ;S*fi*i«*'°"
collusion with and for the purpose of b3nefittbg^he accused, n
wdbary cases' """^ °''*^' *''' disposal of the fine m in

beS„rL^„*/rll IP*^"^"' °' **»« fi'^^ »°d costs, the offender shall
f lf..?fw« !i ^**^® "^T"*^ '^""""^ 8»°1 'o-- » period of not less
jis^ci """"^ '''^"'^ ^*y"' **= the discretion of the

9. No conviction under this Act shall be quashed for anv defoof n ■ .•
mo^s'orTh**^'''"'' J '°'' "^-y omission or inLmaHty in ajy sum ?otTvS§for

' :i

AN ACT RESPECTING THE BARBERRY SHRCJB.

63 Vic, chap. 48. [sOlh April, 1900.

TTEE MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the
f^ow^- ' ^''""^^^ °' *^" ^'°^«« of Ontario, enacts as

1. No person shall plant the shrub known as the Barberry Shrnb Pianfi„„„»
upon any lands used for farming purposes in the Province o7ontario: SS^ub
o prohibited.

. ... :

Rev. Stat,
c. 90.

26
nL7^V^-^*''** "'""^ within one hundred yards of any lands

rra'^ZS.1.'^ '^-^^-^ " P«>vidfd\yVt?lt

Kv"'"" „,L^''' P"""" *° *^" P*"^8 <>' *»»» Act any person ha. planted

f'^T 7 . J« J? S"""?* "^f*? or adjacent to lands owned Tocoupied by hUn

farm landa to and held and nsed for f Armin« nii»n/u»». - u j "^""v*"" "y "'m

be pulled up. b» fth^ .a.M .h^Tk I '*'^™"»8 purposes any hedge or fence formed

pality m which the lands are situated to remove and destrov th«
same and upon his neglect or refusal so t« do within one moSh
after the service of notice in writing regarding Inch removaTiSd
and destruction, the council of the munici^lity may ca^ X J^^
to be removed and destroyed, and in such cases the omier orth«
^dB upon which the said shrub has been^anted S not t
entitled to compensation for such removal and destructir

Oompenaation
for destmo-
tion.

3. In case, upon receipt of notice or within thirty days thereafter
theo^r or occupant of the lands iipca which the sKrub is
planted removes and destroys the same, he shall be entiS^ to com
F««taon for such removal and destruction. The amouS of Zl

S?S -""i?"^ ^. '!r^ "P°° ^y «"«»» «^«r and the councfl of
wrltS^^iv^ J' *' m default of agreement shaU be deterS b
writing by the fence viewers of the municiDalitv and fchn ^r*.,!r.^ -
agreed upon or awarded shall be paiHrthe ol'^er by ^^^^^^^
of the municipality out of the funds of the corporation.

Short title.

AN AOT FOR THE PREVENTION AND DESTRUCTION
OF CERTAIN NOXIOUS INSECTS.

63 Vic. chap. 47. [sOth April, 1900.

TTER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the

1. This Act shall be known as Thi> Noxious InsecU Act.

preventioi
other plan
come into
two succei

4. Evei
by-law ad
duties it s
of this Ac
the same t

5. Tn ci
to comply
the Inspec
within ten
amount of
that this a
able, shall
and shall 1

6 Imm
council foi
to be deliv
printed co;
together w
Inspector i

7. Any
hinder or ]
viction the
be subject
dollars, an
the commo
than twen<

Copy
Governor.

Upon
the Oomn
Noxious I]
for the pre

1. It I
or if the la
one week a
hereiaailer
Upon all b
age within

F any lands
he violation
Breof before
besides the
The Ontario

lias planted
ied by him
moe formed
the mnnici-
destroy the
one month
smoval and
le the same
mer of the
lall not be
a.

thereafter,
id shrab is
led to com-
int of such
I ooanoil of
Brmined in
amoant so
B treasurer

iUOTION

pril, 1900.

mt of the
enacts as

force and
h shall by
ni may at
any rega-
)rce as to

iltare the
as for the

27

prevention and destrnction of insects injurious to trees, shrubs and
other plants as may be deemed advisable. Such regulations shall
oome into effect and have the force of law after the publication in
two successive issues of The Ontario Gazette.

4. Every municipal council adopting this Act shall in and by the Appointment
by-law adopting the same appoint one or more inspectors whose °^ »"«i'«<'*°"-
duties it shall be to inspect all orchards and to enforce the provisions

of this Act and the regulations made thereunder, and to report upon
the same to the council.

5. Tn case the occupant or the owner of any lot neglects or refuses Municipality
to comply with this Act or with any regulations made thereunder, may charge
the Inspector may cause the necessary work to be done, and shall "wner with
within ten days make a report in writing to the councU stating the '
amount of the cost thereof and the council may thereupon direct

that this amount or such part thereof as may appear to them equit-
able, shall be entered upon the collector's roll against such owner
and shall be collected in the same manner as other taxes.

6 Immediately upon the passing of a bylaw by any municipal Notice to be
council for bringing this Act into force, the said council shall cause 8'^^" '° .
to be delivered to the occupant or owner of every lot aff-ected, ^a^ZJ^^
printed copy of this Act and of the regulations made thereunder,
together with a copy of the by-law and the name and address of the
Inspector appointed to enforce the Act.

7. Any person interfering with the Inspector, or attempting to p„„,„„ «„,
hinder or prevent him in the enforcing of this Act, shall, upon c^ti- vioUtioVof
viction thereof, before any of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, Act.
be subject to a fine of not less than one dollar nor more than twenty
dollars, and in default of payment of the same to be imprisoned in
the common j*il for the period of not less than ten days, nor more
than twenty days.

Reoulations.

Copy of an Order in- Council approved by His Honour the Lieutenant^
Governor, the 24th day of May, A.D. 1900.

*u JP°^.*^® recommendation of the Honourable the Minister of Agriculture,
the Oommittee of Council advise that pursuant to the provisions of "The
Noxious Insects Act" (63 Victoria, cap. 47), the following regulations be made
for the prevention and destruction of the •• Codling Moth."

1. It shall be the duty of every occupier of a lot within the municipality,
or If the land be unoccupied, it shall be the duty of the owner of such lot, within
one week after receiving notice as provided for in the Act. to nlace bands («m
faeremailer described) upon the orchard trees located upon said 'lot as follows •
Upon all bearing apple trees and pear trees, and upon all orchard trees of bearing
age within forty feet of such bearing trees.

iJ, if

28

TnafJ;i^''®i'*u**n?*"^®,°'*'*^°^r^''''^*P"°' "sacking." orainr.lar suitable
?*i u { l^ «>»»" be not less than four inches in width and of three thickneeses.
and Bhall be securely fastened at a convenient point between the crotch of the
tree ana the ground.

3. The occupant or owner shall have these bands removed and inspected: all
larvae therein destroyed, and the bands replaced at intervals of not more than
two weeks during the months of June, July and August.

AN AOT FOR THE PgRTHER PROTEOnON OP BEES.
Chap. 282, R S. 0. 1897.

SWrivTn^" « \J^° Fu""" j? spraying or sprinkling fruit trees, during the
f^uirSIn period^ within which trees are in full bloom, shall use or cause to
bloom pro. be Used any nixture containing Paris green or any other poisDnous
hiblted. substance injurious to bees.

Penalties. (2) Any person contravening the provision i of this Act, shall, on

summary conviction thereof before a justice of the peace, be subject
to a penalty of not less that $1 or more than $5, with or without
costs of prosecution, and in case of a fine or a fine and costs being
awarded, and of the same taot being upon conviction forthwith paid,
the justice may commit the offender to the common gaol, there to be
imprisoned for any term not exceeding thirty days unless the fine
and costs are sooner pud.

i M

m

DO NOT SPRA.Y TREES WHEN IN FULL -BLOOM.

1. It is not the right time to spray.

2. It may destroy insects that are then fertilizing the blossoms.

3. It is destructive to bees.

4. It is forbidden by law.