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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Compiled from latest records
— — Decl898«
For the
LOS ANGELES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
Scale of Miles
Co u "t
. — State I
A WINTER SCENE IN CALIFORNIA
Packtyour crip and come and see us; it's fine out here'
THE
City and County
Los Angeles
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
WRITTEN I5Y
HftDRY ELLINGTON BROOK
ELEVENTH EDITION, REVISED
MTXIXH 1903
ISSUED ftV THE
CHAMBER Or COMMERCE
LOS 7XNGELES, (7ALIEORNIA
PRBSS OP OUT WEST COMPANY, LOS AN' BL1
Southern California
OUTHERN CALIFORNIA, regarded by many as the
choicest section of this great country, is a little world of
itself. Here, within an area of 45,000 square miles, may
be found a wonderful variety of scenery and climate.
Along the coast line, which extends for a distance of 275
miles, it is cool in summer, with a constant breeze from the broad
Pacific. At a distance of from 20 to 30 miles from the ocean, the
breeze loses some of its power, but there is still sufficient to temper
the summer heat. Farther inland, on the great plains of the Mojave
and Colorado valleys, the sun rules throughout the year, and its
rays in summer become somewhat too torrid for comfort, although,
unlike the Eastern weather, the nights are almost invariably pleasant
and cool. "1 ^7ft*iT!?
The scenery is also varied. There are long stretches of valleys
and mesas, rolling foothills, and higher up in the mountain ranges
deep canons, precipitous cliffs, and pine-clad summits, where on the
northern slopes snow lingers late into the spring.
The section usually referred to as Southern California includes
the seven southern counties of the State, namely, Los Angeles,
Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa
Barbara. The area of this section is about equal to that of Pennsyl-
vania, and nearly as large as England. The population, in 1880,
was 64,371, or 7*4 per cent, of the population of the State. In 1890
it was 201,352, or 167^ per cent, of the population of the State.
Today it is 335,600, or more than 20 per cent of the population of
California. The growth of this section has, indeed, been most re-
markable.
One of the most noteworthy features of the development of
Southern California during the past few years has been the utiliza-
tion of an abundant subterranean water supply, which was not pre-
viously known to exist. Southern California can no longer with
justice be referred to as a semi-arid section. It is estimated that
during the past three years over 75.000 inches of water have been
developed from underground sources, an amount sufficient to irrigate
500,000 acres of land.
Hn imperial County
IKE Southern California, Los Angeles county embraces
within its limits a great variety of scenery and climate.
Within its 4000 square miles of territory — an area almost
as large as the State of Connecticut — may be found the
climate and scenery of almost every part of the State,
from the cool and breezy seashore to the warm inland plains and
bracing mountain tops. Of the area of the county, about four-fifths
is capable of cultivation, the remainder being mountainous. The
shore line is 85 miles in length. Nine-tenths of the population is
within 30 miles of the ocean.
The population of Los Angeles county, by the census of 1890,
was 101,454. The population of the county by the census of 1900
was 170,298. The present population is over 200,000. The assessed
valuation of property after equalization is $118,226,624. The mar-
velous growth that has been made by this imperial county during
the past few years may be seen from the statement that, by the
census of 1880 the population was only 33,881, while the assessed
valuation, in 1882, was only $20,655,294. Thus, within the short
space of twenty years, the population of the county has increased
more than six-fold, and the assessed valuation of property in pro-
portion. Great as this increase is, there are many conservative men
who believe that the real growth of Los Angeles county has scarcely
commenced ; and the vast improvements that are provided for within
the next few years warrant such a view of the future.
The chief industry of Los Angeles county is horticulture, the
entire list of products including everything that can be grown in the
State, and almost everything that can be raised in semi-tropic coun-
tries. The area of land within the county devoted to horticultural
purposes is being rapidly extended, as the large tracts arc subdivided
and improved.
Los Angeles county is well provided with transportation facili-
ties. A dozen lines of steam railroad and as many electric roads cen-
ter in Los Angeles city, tapping almost every section of the county,
while coast steamships call regularly at the leading seaports,
Perhaps the most important enterprise for Los Angeles that has
yet been commenced is the big breakwater now bring constructed
11
by the Federal Government at San Pedro, for which an appropria-
tion of $3,000,000 was made by Congress. By means of this break-
water the depth of water over the bar will be so increased as to
permit ocean-going vessels to come to the wharves, and Los Angeles
will then be able to compete for its share of the growing Oriental
trade. An appropriation has also been secured for work on the inner
harbor. Other improvements, such as dry docks, wharves and forti-
fications, will follow the harbor work. Other shipping points of the
county are Port Los Angeles, near Santa Monica, and Redondo.
The rapid growth of Los Angeles county is shown by the state-
ment that during the decade between 1890 and 1900 this county
made the largest growth of any county in the State, namely, 67.8
per cent, the percentage of growth of the State at large during that
decade being less than 23 per cent. The prosperity enjoyed by Los
Angeles county is strikingly shown by statistics of the percentage
of mortgage indebtedness to real estate values. These were re-
cently, for the State at large, 12 per cent, for Los Angeles county,
5 1-5 per cent. The figures for Los Angeles city and San Fran-
cisco w T ere 5 1-5 and ny 2 respectively.
The San Gabriel Valley, which has always been considered a
choice section of Los Angeles county, has the Sierra Madre range
on the north. These mountains are grand and precipitous, enclosing
the valley like a wall. This valk'v is undoubtedly the best known
of any portion of Southern California. Even before there was any
"boom" here worthy of mention, lands in the valley commanded a
comparatively high price. As with most attractive sections, the
level-headed mission fathers discovered its advantages, and founded
the San Gabriel Mission — whose church is still in good preservation
— in 1 77 1. Now three railroads traverse the valley, and the land is
rapidly being transformed into a succession of small homes and
thriving link' cities. The valley contains too square miles of tern
tory. Under the shadow "i" the mountains, and separated from the
lower plains by symmetrical foothills, the air is dry and bracing,
proving beneficial to invalids who cannot bear closer proximity
to the ocean. The San Gabriel contains some of the choicest fruit
land in Southern California, and is largely devoted to the raising of
oranges and lemons, as well as deciduous fruits.
l'asadena, a beautiful city of over 10,000 population, is located
at the foot of the Sierra Madre range, about seven miles from
13
MRS. JESSIE BENTON FREMONT'S HiiME, LOS ANGELES
Los Angeles. Within twenty-five years Pasadena has giown from a
sheep pasture to a city of beautiful homes, with a world-wide reputa-
tion. Other settlements in the valley are Alhambra, Monrovia,
Duarte and Azusa, all of which are mainly supported by horticulture.
Adjoining the San Gabriel Valley on the east is the Pomona
Valley. Irrigation is cheaply supplied to this section from the San
Antonio river, which comes down out of the canon of the same name,
a romantic spot, and a favorite resort for pleasure-seekers. The soil
and climate of this section are peculiarly adapted to the culture of
citrus fruits, which flourish here in great luxuriance. Railroad facil-
ities are very good, and increasing, which has caused the valley to
settle up rapidly. It contains a number of flourishing towns, the
chief of which is Pomona, one of the most thriving cities of Southern
California. For miles in every direction around Pomona extend con-
tinuous orchards of oranges, lemons, apricots, peaches, prunes, olives
and other fruit trees, a specialty being made of olive culture.
Other important sections of the county are the Cahuenga Valley,
a frostless suburban section, the Los Nietos Valley, a well watered
district, noted for its corn, alfalfa and dairy products; the stretch of
country between Los Angeles city and the ocean, over which the city
is destined to spread before many years; the San Fernando Valley,
north of Los Angeles, in which much fine wheat is raised ; and An-
telope Valley, an elevated region in the northern part of the county,
where land is cheap, and, with water, very productive.
UNIQUE RAILROAD STATION ON SANTA 1-K AT I, A mika
WESTLAKE PARK, LOS ANGELE
WEST PARK, llo'l'K.i. GREEN, PASADENA
Gbe Southwestern metropolis
^ EW cities in the United States have had such a remarkable
and varied history as Los Angeles, the chief city of
Southern California, and the commercial metropolis of
the southwestern corner of the United States. Few cities
of this size, moreover, are so well known throughout
the length and breadth of this country, and abroad. The rapid
growth of Los Angeles, from an insignificant semi-Mexican town
to a metropolitan city, has been told and retold, until it is familiar
to millions of Americans, while the attractions offered by the city
to health-seekers, pleasure-seekers, and tourists, have been spread
abroad by hundreds of thousands of visitors, who, after one trip
to this section, are in most cases anxious to return, and frequently
become permanent residents.
During the past twenty years Los Angeles has grown from a
population of 11,000 in 1880, to 102,479 by the census of 1900.
The present population is estimated at 125,000. There are three
leading features that have contributed to such growth. These are
climate, soil and location. Any one of these advantages would be
sufficient to build up a large city, but taken together they insure
the future of Los Angeles as the metropolis of the southwestern
portion of the United States.
The pueblo of Nuestra Senora Reina dc Los Angeles was
founded on September 4, 1781, by soldiers from the mission of San
Gabriel, under the protection of the Spanish governor. The first
census of the little city, taken in August, 1790, gave the total popu-
lation at 141. They were a mixed class, composed of one Euro-
pean, seventy-two Spanish-Americans, seven Indians, twenty-two
mulattos and thirty-nine mestizos. As recently as 1831, fifty years
after the founding of the pueblo, the population was only 770. In
January, 1847, tne population was 1500.
The census of 1880 gave Los Angeles a population of 11,311.
Business was dull, and there was no sign that the city was on the
eve of a marvelous growth. Five years later, on November 0, [885,
the last spike was driven in the Atlantic and Pacific Railway at the
Cajon Pass, thus completing a new overland route from the Atlantic
to the Pacific, and providing Los Angeles with competition in over-
17
STAIRWAY, SAN GABRIEL MISSION
This Mission was built in 177
Angeles, on the Souther
and is still in
Paci lie and tl
Eleven miles east of Los
fie Electric Railway
land railroad transportation. From that time the growth of the city
was wonderfully rapid. The great real estate boom of 1885-7 i s a
matter of history, as is also the wonderful manner in which Los
Angeles held up under the reaction that inevitably followed the col-
lapse of the over-speculation of that period.
Considering that twelve years ago there was not a single paved
street in the city, Los Angeles has made remarkable progress in
street improvements. There are now over 200 miles of graded and
graveled streets, over 20 miles of paved streets, 350 miles of cement
and asphalt sidewalk, and 160 miles of sewer. Los Angeles has a
complete sewer system, including an outfall sewer to the ocean.
At night Los Angeles presents a brilliant appearance. It was
the first city in the United States to entirely abandon gas for street
lighting, and replace it by electricity, which was done eighteen years
ago. It is now one of the best lighted cities in the Union. Many
of the lamps are on high masts. Seen from one of the surrounding
hills, the view of the city at night is most beautiful and striking.
That Los Angeles is, and will always remain, the commercial
metropolis of Southern California, admits of no doubt. The city
possesses the great natural advantage of being located on the short-
est route, by the easiest grades, between the Pacific and the Atlantic
oceans. The merchants of Los Angeles do a large business with a
section of country extending from the eastern limits of Arizona to
Fresno on the north. The principal articles of export are fruits,
fresh and dried ; potatoes and vegetables, beans, wine and brandy,
wool, honey, canned goods, sugar, wheat, corn and barley. Wheat
is sometimes shipped from one of the ports of Los Angeles county
direct to Europe.
Los Angeles, as the commercial metropolis of the Southwest, is
becoming an important factor of wholesale trade, the merchants
supplying the large territory extending from New Mexico on the
southeast to Fresno on the north. Many Northern and Eastern
houses have established branches here.
The banks of Los Angeles are noted throughout the country for
their solid and prosperous condition, with deposits aggregating
$43,000,000. The clearings of the Los Angeles cit\ banks for the
year 1902 amounted to over $243,683,927, an increase of nearly 68
per cent over 1901, and of more than 300 per cent over 1898.
Los Angeles has been leading all cities of the United States in in-
14
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, LOS!ANGELES,iCAL.
.IUMBO. TUE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE TURTLE
Hi- i-aiiu- to the Chamber inllSWO
crease of bank clearings. The strength of the Los Angeles banks has
been shown by the success with which they have ridden out financial
storms during the past decade.
Los Angeles enjoys railroad competition in the shape of three
transcontinental lines, and work commenced on a fourth, by way
of Southern Nevada and Utah, which will shorten the distance
from Los Angeles to Chicago over 200 miles. This company has
been organized by a syndicate of capitalists headed by Senator Clark
of Montana, who have acquired the Terminal Railway as the
Pacific Coast end of the new transcontinental line, which will open
up to Los Angeles a section in Southern Utah and Nevada that is
marvelously rich in coal, iron, silver and other minerals. The com-
pany is known as the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Rail-
road. The line of the Santa Fe system from San Francisco to Los
Angeles is open. The Coast line of the Southern Pacific to San
Francisco by way of Santa Barbara is in operation. Altogether
there are a dozen lines of railway centering in Los Angeles. The
Pacific Coast Steamship Company runs vessels every few days from
Los Angeles county ports to San Francisco and San Diego.
Reference has already been made to the commencement of work
by the national government on a deep-water harbor at San Pedro.
This work, when completed, will undoubtedly give a great impetus
to foreign commerce, and Los Angeles will before long become an
important point for Oriental trade.
When the Nicaragua canal is constructed, the coast of Los An-
geles county will be on the direct course of steamships sailing from
the Atlantic coast and from European to Asiatic ports. It will also
furnish a greatly enlarged market for the horticultural products of
this section.
The street railway system of Los Angeles is very complete, al-
though it has been built up within a little less than twenty years.
previous to which time there was only one horse-car line in the city.
At present, there is probably no city of the size in the United States
that has such a modern and well equipped street-car system, the total
mileage of single track being over 160 miles, of which nearly all is
electric. In addition to the local electric lines there are suburban
lines from Los Angeles to Santa Monica, by two different routes ;
from Los Angeles to Redondo, also by two routes; from Los An-
geles to Long Beach, from Los Angeles to Pasadena and Altadena,
21
A FEW ENTRANCES IN LOS ANGELES
from Los Angeles to San Pedro, and from Los Angeles to Alhambra
and San Gabriel. The last named line has been extended to
Monrovia, and work is now commencing on a complete system of
suburban lines, which will take in all the important points within
thirty miles of Los Angeles, embracing altogether a network of about
500 miles of electric railroad.
For a dozen years past Los Angeles has been the scene of great
activity in building operations. Scores of fine business blocks and
hundreds of handsome residences have been built. The value of
the buildings erected in Los Angeles during the year 1902 amounted
to nearly $10,000,000.
Every variety of location for a residence may be found within the
city limits of Los Angeles, and the person who cannot be suited
here must indeed be hard to please. The city lies about midway be-
tween the Sierra Madre range of mountains and the ocean, and
about 300 feet above the sea-level. The Los Angeles river, which
is almost devoid of water during the summer, but is sometimes
transformed into a torrent for a few days in winter, runs through
the city from north to south. In the northern and western portions
of the city limits are hills of considerable altitude, from which mag-
nificent views may be obtained of the surrounding valleys, with the
ocean in the distance, the picture being framed in the north by a
succession of grand old mountains.
The southern and southwestern portions of the city are level,
with a gentle slope to the southwest. Across the river is the section
known as Boyle Heights, a high, gravelly table or mesa land.
There are a dozen public parks within the city limits, aggregat-
ing over six hundred acres, of which six are of considerable size.
Westlake park, 35 acres in area, at the end of the Seventh street car
line, is one of the most popular open-air resorts. It has a lake
with boats, fine drives and extensive views from the adjacent hills.
Concerts are given on Sundays. Eastlake park, in East Los Angeles,
covers fifty acres, and has been made quite attractive. Here also is
a lake. The park nurseries are located here. Prospect park, on
Boyle Heights, is a small but beautiful place, with many choice trees
and shrubs. The oldest and best improved of the city parks, <>n
Sixth street, not far from the business center, is known as Centr;il
park. The trees here have attained a large growth. Hollenbeck
park is a tract of about twenty acres, on the east side of (he river,
23
ROSES AND ORANGES, I.OS ANCKLKs COUNTY
on Boyle Heights. It has been improved with shade trees and a
small lake. Echo park, a beautifully improved tract in the north-
western part of the city, contains the largest body of water in Los
Angeles.
Elysian park, 500 acres in area, is the only park of considerable
size, a remnant of the thousands of acres of such land that the city
formerly owned. It may be safely said that this tract offers the
greatest possibilities for diversity of growths of any piece of ground
within the limits of an American municipality. Much of the land
is within the frostless belt. The views of mountain, valley and
ocean, city and plain, are grand in the extreme.
What has been said in regard to Elysian park is true of the latest
acquisition to the parks of Los Angeles — Griffith park — a tract of
3000 acres, donated to the city by a public-spirited citizen. It is lo-
cated about a mile north of the city limits, and embraces a varied
assortment of mountain, foothill and valley scenery. A boulevard,
to connect the parks of Los Angeles, has been commenced.
After all is said, the chief attraction of Los Angeles to new ar-
rivals, lies in its beautiful homes. The rare beauty of the grounds
surrounding the attractive homes of Los Angeles, Pasadena and
other Los Angeles county cities, is a constant theme of admiration
on the part of Eastern visitors. Other cities can show grander busi-
ness blocks, but when it comes to gardens, Los Angeles is facile
princeps. The mildness of the climate permits the most delicate
plants and trees to flourish in the open air all through the winter.
At Christmas may be seen hedges of calla lilies, geranium bushes
ten feet and more in height, and heliotrope covering the side of a
house, while the jasmine, tuberose and orange make the air heavy
with their delicious perfume. Giant bananas wave their graceful
leaves in the gentle breeze, and often ripen their fruit ; the fan and
date palm grow to mammoth proportions, and roses of a thousand
varieties run riot. A majority of the residences stand in spacious
grounds, a lot of 50x150 feet being the smallest occupied by a
house of any pretension, even within a stone's throw of the business
streets. Many have from one to five acres of ground, all in a high
state of cultivation, with well kept, verdant lawns, upon which
the fig, orange and palm cast a grateful shade. Along the sides of
the streets shade trees are also the rule, the favorite varieties being
the graceful pepper, which grows to a great size, the eucalyptus, and
the grevilla.
25
The almost universal material for residences in Southern Cali-
fornia is wood — pine and redwood, the latter being used altogether
for outside and largely for inside finish. This material, while amply
sufficient for the climate, lends itself to graceful decoration un-
dreamed of by those who have been accustomed to houses of brick
or stone.
A great variety of architecture is found among the residences
of Los Angeles. The picturesque and comfortable early Mission
style of architecture, which should have been more extensively
adopted long ago by the American settlers, is at length coming into
vogue. Some of the more pretentious of these residences, in the
Mission style of architecture, have spacious tiled court-yards, cov-
ered with glass, in which fountains plash, flowers bloom and birds
warble.
It costs less to build in Southern California now than it did
in the boom days. Again, a $10,000 residence here is as good as a
$20,000 residence in the East.
One of the most attractive features about a home in this section
is the wonderful rapidity with which vegetation of all kinds grows,
so that instead of having to wait years for a new residence to as-
sume a settled and homelike appearance, the owner has to wait only
a few months until his house is surrounded with thrifty plants and
climbing vines, while even some trees, as in the case of the euca-
lyptus, grow up to a respectable size from the seed within a year,
and can be planted around the lot while less rapidly growing trees
are attaining size, thus obviating the bare, hard appearance which
attaches to new residences in less favored climates, however beau-
tiful, architecturally, the buildings may be.
The population of Los Angeles is cosmopolitan. During the
past ten years it has received accessions to its population from every
State in the Union, and from almost every country in the world.
For instance, a statement published in the Los Angeles Times
showed that, five years ago, of the 53,413 voters on the great regis-
ter of Los Angeles county, only 5244, or less than 10 per cent.,
were natives of California. There were 5048 from New York State.
4530 from Ohio, 4106 from Illinois, 3070 from Pennsylvania, 2237
from Iowa, 2179 from Missouri, and the balance from 43 other
States and Territories, including Hawaii. Of the foreign born
voters, numbering 10,430, or nearly 20 per cent of the total, 2446
were from Germany, 1747 from England, 1581 from British Amer-
ica, 1576 from Ireland, and the balance from 27 other foreign coun-
tries. Papers are published in the German, French, Spanish, Italian,
Basque and Chinese languages. There are several thousand Chinese
in and around Los Angeles, who are engaged in raising vegetables,
or employed in housework. They have a residence section of their
own, adjoining the old Plaza, in the geographical center of the city,
27
as a Ibealtb IResort
"HILE Southern California claims a climate superior to that
of the northern part of the State, Los Angeles county
justly boasts of possessing the choicest and most varied
climatic conditions that are to be found in any of the
Southern counties. A remarkable variety of climate may
be found within the borders of Los Angeles county, and even within
a couple of hours' journey. On the coast it is cool in summer, with
occasional fogs at night, a climate that is soothing to the nervous.
Farther inland it becomes warmer, and in places decidedly hot at
times, though, owing to the dry atmosphere, a temperature of one
hundred degrees here is less oppressive than eighty degrees on the
Atlantic coast. Then as the mountains are climbed, cool, bracing
air is again encountered. On a winter's day the traveler may break-
fast by the seashore, after a dip in the ocean, lunch amid the orange
groves, and dine in the snow fields of the Sierra. There is climate
here to suit every one.
There is no winter and summer in Los Angeles county. They
are represented by a wet and dry season. The former is far from
a steady downpour, as some suppose. The rainy season is the
pleasantest time of the year. A beautiful sight is the birth of spring
in this section, following the first considerable downfall in the win-
ter months. The bare, brown hills are transformed by a mantle of
vivid green, soon followed by a variegated carpet of wild flowers.
Three or four days of rainfall are followed by as many weeks of
sunny skies. The average rainfall is seventeen inches.
This is an "all-the-year-round climate," pleasing in summer as
well as in winter. There is none of the depressing heat or the
insect pests which drive people from Florida as soon as summer
commences. It is not an enervating climate, but bracing and full
of electricity ; a climate that makes the sick well and the strong
more vigorous. The nights are cool, blankets being always needed.
Little information is to be gained from tables showing "mean
average temperatures." A section which has a summer tempera-
ture of 1 20 degrees, and a winter temperature of 40 degrees, shows
an average temperature of 80 degrees, so also does a section which
has a summer temperature of 85, and a winter temperature of 75.
29
The following table shows the
average maximum and minimum
temperature in Los Angeles for the
twenty years from 1880 to 1900,
the figures being furnished by the
Weather Bureau of the United
States :
Max. Min.
January 76 34
February 79 36
March ' 82 38
April 87 42
May 90 44
June 92 48
July 93 5 2
August 95 53
September 97 49
October 90 44
November 86 39
December 80 36
The lowest temperature recorded
during this entire period was 28
degrees, and during the entire per-
iod of twenty years there were only
six months in which the temperature
fell below the freezing point. Even
on these occasions this temperature
was maintained for only a limited
time, generally in the early morn-
ing.
In considering the summer tem-
perature, it should be remembered
that the climate of Southern Cali-
fornia is so free from moisture
that, as stated, a temperature of
100 degrees here is far more com-
fortable than one of 80 degrees on
the Atlantic coast. This is proven
by the fact that farm laborers con-
tinue to work in the open fields
during the hottest periods, while
sunstroke is unknown.
On rare occasions during the
winter months, there are here and
there light frosts, but never suffi-
cient to damage mature semi-trop-
30
WOMEN'S CLUB HOUSE, LOS ANGELES
ical trees. In the lower places, nursery stock of delicate trees and
young growths are occasionally frosted, and such plants as the
calla lily and banana are nipped. Again there are belts where peas,
beans, tomatoes and other vegetables grow all through the winter,
while, throughout the length and breadth of Los Angeles county, the
heliotrope, geranium and jasmine blossoms shed their perfume from
thousands of gardens in mid-winter. The constant suction of the
prevailing winds from the ocean during the day and to the ocean
at night, prevents the possibility of malarial conditions. In short,
the climate of Los Angeles county is one that leaves a person entirely
untrammeled, free to work or play in the open air almost every day
in the year, without having to give a thought to the weather.
In "California of the South," Dr. Walter Lindle\ writes as fol-
lows in regard to the influence of this climate upon invalids :
"The cases which may hope for benefit by coming to Southern
California are, first and
foremost, the feeble and
invalid from whatever
cause ; those who find
the drain upon vitality
in a harsh climate too
great for them ; who
have need to spend a
considerable portion of
each day in the open air,
yet who in their own cli-
mate are prevented
from so doing by the in-
clemency of the weath-
er ; those who need clear
skies and sunshine, to
whom the retreshing
sleeo of a cool, bracing
night is a necessity after
the warmth of the sum-
mer day ; those to whom
enfeebled digestion or
to whose capricious ap-
petites a market stocked
with fresh vegetables,
fruits and berries, every
month in the year, is of
importance. For such
and for all who are suf-
fering from the nervous
prostrations of over-
work, there is probably
no better climate to be
found. It is a climate
in which the drain upon
vitality is, with any
proper manner of liv-
ing, less than the gain."
Dyspeptic troubles
yield readily to an open-
32
ii. Pi IUND I'.l ACK B iS
litli hook and line, bj Mrs. i Jenl. W. A. ]iarr<-tt
air life in Southern California, and to the variety of fresh fruits
which may be obtained here at all seasons of the year. Persons of
delicate constitutions, who are unable to endure severe climatic
changes, put on flesh and grow robust here.
The death rate of Los Angeles city averages about 12 per 1000,
which is very favorable in consideration of the fact that this is a
resort to which many come who are far advanced in disease.
One o£ the main advantages of the climate of Los Angeles county
to invalids is its stability — its lack of great variation between sum-
mer and winter. The following table shows the difference between
the monthly means of temperature in January and July at some of
the most climatically favored spots on the globe :
Melbourne 18
Auckland. X. Z., Cadiz . . 19
.Malta 22
Rome 25
Pensacola, Sacramento.
Cairo 27
Jacksonville. Ida 28
Jerusalem. Nice, Naples. . 30
Los Angeles r5
Finally, it should be men
tioned that the cyclones and
tornadoes, which have been
working such disaster easl of
the mountains, during the past
few years, are unknown in
Los Angeles county. Thun-
der storms are occasionally
seen in the mountains, at a
distance of from fifteen to
fifty miles, but very rarely
visit the plains. It is not
claimed that the climate of
1 ,1 is Vngeles is perfect, but it
may s
appro
lion a
elobe,
asserted thai it
near ti 1 perfe
found upon the
fl
n
,1.
trn*
IProfit anb (Measure Combineb
HE ideal of many Americans, who
have become weary of the constant
struggle for existence in mercan-
tile pursuits, a struggle which is
growing more onerous from year to
year, is a small farm, in some pleasant section
of the country, where, under sunny skies, they
may support their families in comfort, and end
their days in peace, without being disturbed
1>\ the shadow of the sheriff or the poor-
house. 1378357
There is no section of the United States in
which this ideal may be so well realized as in
Los Angeles county. In no other section can
an acre of land be made to yield products of
so great value. Here may be found beautiful
rural homes, whose owners are within touch
of social life, and enjoy the best features of
the city and country combined.
There is a great variety of soil, as well as of
climate, in Los Angeles county, varying from
light sandy loam to heavy adobe. The price
of land also varies greatly, ranging from $30
to $100 per acre for lands adapted to grain,
hay and deciduous fruits, without irrigation,
up to $250 or $300 per acre for first-class
citrus land, with an ample water right. Land
may be purchased in Los Angeles county on
easy terms. A great many improved places,
with bearing orchards and comfortable houses;
are always in the market, there being, here, as
elsewhere, a considerable number of citi/ens
who are never content to stay very Ion-- in one
place, even though that place be as near per-
il as can be E( >und on earth. For 1 1 1 ■ ise
who have the means, it is often more advisable
to purchase one of these improved places than
li 1 bll) raw land and improve it.
VUC< \ IN BLOOM
CALIFORNIA IN WINTER
The subject of irrigation is one that troubles many Eastern
people, who thing of coming to settle in California, to judge from
the inquiries that are received. A mistaken idea prevails to some
extent in the East, that farming is only carried on in Los Angeles
county by means of irrigation, and that without it crops would be
a failure. For all grains and winter crops irrigation is not em-
ployed. Corn is irrigated in some localities, being a summer crop,
but is successfully grown in many places without irrigation. Upon
some lands, after a crop raised without irrigation has been har-
vested, another is raised by means of irrigation. On irrigated land
two or three crops a year are frequently raised. The advantages of
irrigation are so manifest as not to need discussion. With an arti-
ficial supply of water the farmer is rendered independent of the
season's rain, while the product of his lands is enormously increased.
One of the surprises to new arrivals in this section is the small
amount of land that is needed to support a family. It is a fact
that many families in Eos Angeles county not only make a good
living on five acres, or even less, of irrigated land, carefully tilled,
but also manage to lay something by every year for a rainy day.
In such cases the farmer raises most of the food products that are
consumed by himself, his family and his stock, and always has
something to sell when he comes to town. Ten acres are, in fact,
36
about all that one man and his family can attend to, if worked to
their full capacity, and as soon as a settler begins to hire help the
profits decrease very rapidly. Fruit trees can he planted on the
land, between them small fruits, and then again vegetables, until
the trees become too large. Under such circumstances there is a
constant succession of crops.
A favorite method of settling land in Southern California, which
offers many advantages, is the colony system. These colonies are
made up, either here or in the East, among persons who are ac-
quainted with each other, generally being residents of the same sec-
tion. Each settler owns his ten, twenty or more acres independently,
but by purchasing the land at wholesale, in a block, a great saving
is effected. The settlers can also co-operate in purchasing sup-
plies, piping water, canning, drying and otherwise preserving fruit.
making olive oil and marketing their products. Besides all this,
they have the advantage of social life from the start, with schools,
churches, library, store, postofTice, etc., which otherwise might be
long in coming. They do not feel like ''strangers in a strange
land," and their land will increase in value twice as fast as it would
were it settled in a desultory manner. Many flourishing towns
started thus.
The development of the horticultural industry in Eos Angeles
during the past few years has been remarkable. The most import-
ant horticultural product of the county is the orange. Besides the
orange and lemon, the principal fruits raised in Los Angeles county
are the almond, fig, prune, apricot, walnut, peach, pear and berries.
The shipment of citrus fruits from Southern California points
during the season 1900-1901 amounted to 24,100 carloads, of which
21,173 were oranges. East season they were somewhat less, but this
season they are expected to be fully as large. A large proportion ol
these shipments were contributed by Los Angeles county. Decidu-
ous fruits are shipped, fresh, canned, dried and crystallized. As
previously mentioned, an active demand for our dried Emit lias grown
up in Europe.
Each section of the country, as a rule, has some agricultural or
horticultural product of which it malces a specialty, although in some
sections almost every crop raised in Southern California is grown.
In'Los Angeles county the leading center of orange culture is along
the foothills of San Gabriel valley. Around Pomona, both citrus
37
and deciduous fruits are raised, and a specialty is made of the olive.
The lemon is raised at Whittier, in the San Gabriel valley, and back
of Long Beach, as well as in the Cahuenga valley. The olive also
flourishes in the San Fernando valley, and the almond thrives in
the Antelope valley, where they have cold winters and land is cheap.
The country around Downey is an all-round farming region, where
large quantities of pork, butter, cheese, corn, and vegetables are
raised. The walnut does particularly well around Rivera, just south
of Los Angeles city. Strawberries are made a specialty at Gardena,
Azusa and Glendale.
Alfalfa, which is largely grown for hay, is a most valuable forage
plant. It is cut from three to six times a year. Large quantities
of wheat and barley are raised. Los Angeles county corn some-
times grows to a height of twenty feet. Pumpkins have been raised
weighing over 400 pounds. There is a beet-sugar factory at Alami-
tos. Los Angeles honey is celebrated all over the country. In
the neighborhood of Los Angeles calla lilies, tuberoses, carnations
and other flowers are raised by the acre. Hundreds of acres are
devoted to the cultivation of celery, which is shipped East by the
trainload. Winter vegetables, such as string beans, tomatoes, green
peas and chile peppers, are shipped to the North and East during the
winter months, realizing high prices.
Until only a lew years ago, most of the butter consumed in
Southern California was imported from the North and East. This
is no longer the case, a number of creameries having been estab-
lished during the past few wars, with most successful results. There
is room for more.
Poultry does well in Southern California, when it is given the
same attention it receives in the East. Eggs always command a
good price, seldom falling below 15 cents per dozen, and running
from that up to 35 cents or more. In the line of big birds, ostriches
are raised here for their plumes, and the industry is profitable.
There is a large ostrich farm at South I'asadena, near Los Angeles.
Southern California is an ideal section for live-stock. The
horses raised here have been noted for their speed and endurance
from the time of the earl)' Spanish settlers. Some famous thorough-
breds have been raised in Southern California, and it is the opinion
of man>- that this section wiil one da\ rival Kentucky as a breeding
ground for line hi use-.
39
Society anfc Sport
IHOSE Eastern people who entertain the idea that Southern
California is a sort of "jumping-off place," partaking of
a "wild and woolly" character, are agreeably surprised,
on arriving here, to find that, from a social standpoint,
Southern California communities compare more than fa-
vorably with those of a similar population in the East. This is not at
all surprising when we consider that this section has been chiefly
settled by people of culture from the country east of the mountains.
In this respect Southern California has less of the old California
character than any other part of the State. The old-time Spanish
settlements found here and there appear like islands in the sea of
modern American progress.
The school facilities of Los Angeles are especially good. Be-
sides the complete system of public schools, private schools and
colleges abound in Los Angeles, Pasadena and other towns. Many
Eastern people avail themselves of the opportunity to send children
with a tendency to weak lungs to a country where plenty of out-
of-door exercise is a possibility every day in the year. Most of the
leading religious denominations are represented, not only by scores
of churches, but also by one or more religious colleges. The work
of the school is further supplemented by an army of specialists in
music, painting, and every department of art. The Chautauqua has
an active membership of nearly a thousand, and meets annually at
Long Beach. Lectures and other entertainments, by home and for-
eign talent, are of almost daily occurrence. The educational and
social facilities afforded by Los Angeles are, in the widest sense of
the word, unsurpassed. Public libraries are numerous and well
stocked with the latest works.
The newspapers are far above the average, both in quantity and
quality. Many brilliant writers and artists, unable to withstand the
charms of Los Angeles, have made their permanent home here.
There is not a secret society of any importance that is not repre-
sented.
Los Angeles society is cosmopolitan, every State in the Union,
and almost every country in the world, being numerously repre-
sented. Visitors and newcomers are soon made to feel at home,
and within a year regard themselves as old-time Angelenos.
41
SANTA .MONICA
A Seaside Resort 18 miles west of Los Angeles, Lo> Angel
and Pacific Electri
IRest anfc IRccrcation
HE pleasure-seeker finds an "embarrassment of riches" in
Southern California, as there are so many attractive
jljf points to visit between the sea coast and the mountain
summits. Then, again, in Southern California almost
every day in the year is a "fine day," so that the visitor
is not restricted in the time which he can devote to making himself
acquainted with the country. Los Angeles county offers many and
varied attractions to the lover of nature, the mountain climber, the
hunter, the naturalist, the botanist, the geologist, and the antiquarian,
as well as those who come here simply for rest and recreation.
The Los Angeles county coast line contains a varied succession
of scenery. In addition it has this great advantage, that the beauties
of the beach and ocean may be enjoyed to perfection every month
in the year. Even at midwinter, when the beaches on the Atlantic
coast are deserted, numerous visitors may be seen at the Los A.ngeles
county resorts on a Sunday or holiday, enjoying a dip in the surf.
to :r£
HE -E
E' ice iLLst SE
IvOS ANGELES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BUILDING
Under construction, between First and Second Streets, South Broadway
or gathering ocean treasures. Not only is the winter climate beyond
all comparison with that of the Eastern coast at the same time of
year, but the summer is also far more pleasant. On the coast line
there is never an oppressively warm day.
The leading seaside resorts of Los Angeles county are Santa
Monica, Redondo Beach, Long Beach, Terminal Island, and Santa
Catalina Island. Santa Monica, which is reached in less than an
hour by two lines of steam railroad and an electric road, is the best
known and most populous resort of the country. It is a well im-
proved, progressive little town, with beautiful homes, fine beach, and
many attractions for summer visitors. Redondo has a large hotel ;
a wharf from which fine fishing may be had ; a swimming bath,
pebble beach, and a nursery where there are several acres of carna-
tions. San Pedro is more of a shipping port than a seaside resort.
The view from the high bluffs is very fine. Point Fermin lighthouse
is about three miles from town. Across the bay from San Pedro
is Terminal Island, a narrow spit of land, which, during the past
few years, has become popular with Los Angeles people, many of
whom have built neat cottages. This place has the advantage of
the ocean on one side and the still water of the bay on the other.
Long Beach, a few miles east of San Pedro, reached by steam and
electric railroad, is a quiet family resort, with one of the finest
stretches of hard, level beach on the coast, a pleasure wharf 1600
feet in length, and a pavilion. Many improvements have been made
here during the past year. Alamitos Beach, adjoining Long Beach,
has a high, breezy location on a bluff.
\\i,i 1 S 1
45
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Santa Catalina is a picturesque mountainous island, about thirty
miles in length and twenty-five miles from the mainland. The water
here is remarkably calm and clear, so that marine growths may be
seen at a depth of fifty feet or more. There is fine still-water bathing,
big fish in immense quantity, stage riding, goat hunting, and other
attractions. A comfortable hotel furnishes accommodations to
visitors, and a fine band plays during the summer season. The island
is conducted as an "up-to-date" winter as well as summer resort, a
steamship making daily trips from San Pedro. Thousands of people
from Southern California, Arizona, and more distant points, visit
Catalina every year, many of them "camping out" for several months
in cottages, or boarding at the hotel.
CALIFORNIA PRODUCTS
All things considered, there are few localities which offer such
attractions to the mountain climber as Los Angeles. Making- head-
quarters at Los Angeles, a dozen or more interesting mountain
trips can be made with facility, each of them taking in an entirely
new section of country, with different scenery and surroundings,
and none of them occupying necessarily more than three days, while
several of the most attractive can be made within twenty-four hours.
Another great advantage which the mountain climber has in
Los Angeles county is the favorable nature of the climate, which
enables him to altogether dispense with any anxiety in regard to
the weather. During the summer months he knows that the weather
will be uniformly fine, and it is at that time of year that the climate
on the mountain ranges is at its best, the hot air from the valleys
being tempered by a steady breeze during the day.
The Sierra Madre, or Mother Mountain, the foothills of which are
about ten miles from Los Angeles city, is a most picturesque and
interesting range, which no tourist should fail to explore. Along
this range are a number of interesting canons, which offer great at-
tractions to the mountaineer, the painter, the lover of nature, and
the health-seeker, also fine sport to the fisherman and hunter.
The two most popular peaks in the Sierra Madre range are
Mount Wilson and Mount Lowe. The former is reached by a com-
fortable trail, either on foot or on horseback. Near the summit is
a picturesque camp, where good accommodations are furnished to
visitors. The crest of the mountain is a park-like tract, shaded by
giant pines, from which the visitor looks across a tremendous gorge
into the heart of the range.
Mount Lowe is reached by railroad, cable and electric cars, the
latter forming an interesting and ingenious system of mountain
railway, which extends to Alpine Tavern at a height of about 5,000
feet. Here is a homelike mountain hotel constructed of logs. Half-
way up is Echo Mountain, where there is another hotel and an
observatory. A wonderful view of the San Gabriel valley, with Los
Angeles and the ocean in the distance, is obtained. The balmy air
of these pine-clad mountain heights is very invigorating. Some
Los Angeles business men stop for several weeks in summer on the
mountain, coming to town every morning.
Among the game found in Los Angeles county are wild geese,
ducks, snipe, cottontail and jackrabbits, squirrels, foxes, deer, wild-
cats, California lions and bear, the latter being found in the northern
part of the county, within sixty miles of Los Angeles city. The
angler finds plenty of trout in the mountain canons. In the ocean
there is excellent fishing, both with line and seine, and some remark-
able catches are made. The yellowtail, ranging from 15 to 80 pounds
in weight, is very numerous in the waters of the Pacific. The tuna
attains a length of five feet or more, and weight of from 100
pounds upward. "Jew-fish" are sometimes caught weighing 400
pounds.
A popular and pleasant way of spending a summer vacation in
Los Angeles county is in camping out. A party provided with a
49
TERMINAL ISLAND — ALL YEAR ROUND RESORT
comfortable covered wagon and a pair of good horses may derive
much enjoyment and improved health from such a trip.
In the line of amusements, Los Angeles is well favored. There
are three handsome and capacious theaters, also a pavilion, and a
number of halls where entertainments are frequently given. Los
Vngeles attracts the best dramatic and musical talent that visits
the West. There arc frequent concerts, lectures, fairs, fruit and
flower shows. Among outdoor recreations are racing, baseball and
football games, golf, tennis tournaments, etc. The city is noted for
the number of active fraternal, benevolent, literary, social, musical,
artistic, scientific and dramatic societies. There are two good
athletic clubs.
Pasadena has an annual carnival known as the Tournament of
Roses, when may be seen a floral parade and battle of flowers, pat
ticipated in by citizens in vehicles of every description, from a dog-
cart to a six horse coach, all smothered in fragrant blossoms.
50
m k 3 ^ ■% * •*
. ■ ■
mmm
-
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5 Sct"
.OS ANGBLBS TRUST COMPANY'S 1H'IU>IN(
©peninas for Capital
7HILE Los Angeles coun-
ty cannot properly be
classed among the unde-
veloped sections of the
country, outside capital having been
invested here during the past few
years, yet there are ample openings
for the profitable use of money in
this 4000 square miles of territory,
with a present population of less
than 250,000. Good interest is
paid for money, on real estate loans,
from 5 to 8 per cent, being readily
obtained, the former on inside busi-
ness property, and the latter on
country land.
For fifteen years, since the sub-
sidence of the real estate boom, in
1888, there has been no inflation in
the prices of property here. Mean-
time, building operations have gone
forward in Los Angeles with great
activity, so that the time has now
arrived when there is profit in the
judicious subdivision of residence
tracts, especially in the outskirts of
the city.
The development of water for
irrigation also affords good induce-
ments to capital. During the past
two years several hundred thousand
acres of land have been made avail-
able for the cultivation of valuable
crops in this manner; such land
having increased in value through
the development of water from
52
1 VTON 1
A RUSTIC HOME, WEST ADAMS STREET, LOS ANGELES
NO MATTER HOW SMALL THE HOME, NATURE DOES THB DECORATING IN CALIFORNIA
three to ten-fold. Ihe cost of bor-
ing wells is not large, although it
is often beyond the means of set-
tlers.
The openings for manufacturing
enterprises in Los Angeles are
many and varied. Not only do local
manufacturers enjoy the advantage
of cheap fuel, but they are also pro-
tected by the high rates of trans-
portation on manufactured goods
from the East. Then, again, the
mild climate of this section facili-
tates manufacturing enterprises,
rendering solid and expensive
buildings unnecessary.
Among the openings for manu-
facturing in Los Angeles are fruit
and vegetable drying and canning
establishments and preserving
works, jelly and jam factories. An
establishment for the manufacture
of first-class marmalade, utilizing
the cheaper grade of oranges which
cannot be shipped at a profit, should
pay well, as we have here, besides
cheap sugar, an abundance of
kaolin for the manufacture of jars.
In place of the bitter orange, which
is used in the European product,
the pomelo might be .utilized to mix
with the orange.
There is an excellent opening
here for mineral reduction works.
A smelter was commenced several
years ago in the city, but was never
completed. There has been a great
development of the mineral fields of
Southern California during the
past few years. At present the
54
nearest smelters are at San Francisco, Kansas City and Denver.
Petroleum has been successfully used in the smelting of ore. A
promising field for a manufacturing enterprise in Los Angeles is
the refining of crude petroleum.
There is a fish cannery at San Pedro which puts up a fine brand
of sardines, for which a ready market is found throughout the
country. Lobsters have been canned there on a small scale. The
Pacific ocean abounds with fine fish, and there is room for a great
extension of this industry.
Among the important new manufacturing enterprises introduced
in Los Angeles recently are a factory for the preparation of electric
wire, a glass factory, to make bottles and window glass, and a
large factory for the manufacture of ornamental tiles. The latter
is located at Tropico, a few miles north of Los Angeles.
THROUGH AN OKAM.K CKOVK, COYINA
On ill*- " [aside Track"
mineral Mealtb
LTHOUGH Los Angeles county is chiefly noted as a hor-
ticultural section, its mineral wealth is by no means un-
important. Including petroleum, Los Angeles ranks
fourth in mineral products among the counties of the
State, and is the only county in California which leads
in five mineral products.
Los Angeles is the center of a number of rich mineral fields in
Southern California which last year yielded products to the value of
about $10,000,000. The chief of these, exclusive of petroleum
and asphaltum, were gold and borax. There were also produced,
in smaller quantities, silver, clay, gypsum, granite, cement, lime and
a few other mineral substances.
The chief gold camp of this section is Randsburg, in Kern
county, a short distance from the Los Angeles county line. During
the past five years this camp has yielded over $5,000,000 in gold
and the production of that metal may be said to have hardly begun.
It was near the borders of Los Angeles and Ventura counties
that gold was discovered in California, during the mission era, long
before the discovery by Marshall at Coloma, which electrified the
world. Some placer gold is still taken out in that section. Re-
cently there have also been encouraging reports from gold quartz
deposits in the Antelope valley, in the northern part of Los Angeles
county. For many years some gold and silver have been taken out
in Sierra Madre range, about twenty miles northeast of Los Angeles,
but the formation there is so broken and the surface of the country
is so covered with brush that prospecting is very difficult.
Los Angeles is the natural headquarters, not only for the mining
fields of Southern California, above referred to, but also for the vast
mining sections of Lower California, Sonora and Arizona, also of
an immensely rich territory in Southern Utah and Nevada, which is
about to be opened up to the world by the construction of the San
Pedro and Salt Lake railroad. The manufacturing of mining ma-
chinery and supplies give employment to a large number of people.
For some time past there has been talk about the construction of a
custom smelter, and it is likely that one will be erected, probably at
San Pedro.
56
OYKK THK BK1DGK, YVKSTLAKE I'AKK, LOS ANGELES
petroleum
NE of the most remarkable features of development in
Los Angeles county and Southern California during the
past few years has been the greatly increased production
of petroleum. For over twenty-five years petroleum has
been produced on a limited scale in Los Angeles and
Ventura counties, but it is only within the past few years since
the discovery of a rich field within the city limits of Los Angeles
that the industry has assumed great importance. Today the petro-
leum industry of Southern California is attracting the attention of
capitalists throughout the country. While development has been
extended into other counties, Los Angeles still ranks high in the pro-
duction of petroleum, having produced in 1902 about one-fourth of
the total product of the State, which is estimated at about 12,000,000
barrels.
The oil produced in California differs from that of the Eastern
States, being of a heavier grade, with an asphaltum base, and it is
used almost exclusively for fuel. It has been adopted by most of
the leading factories of this section, and is used largely by the rail-
roads. A careful test recently made with a locomotive showed
that nil at $1.00 a barrel is equivalent to coal at $4.00 a ton.
It is evident that the development
of petroleum in California is yet in
its infancy. Oil is found through-
out the entire length of the State,
from Mexico to the Oregon line,
although so far the most important
and profitable development has been
in the southern counties. There
is every reason to believe that
within a few years California will
be the leading petroleum State of
the Union, and that the value of the
oil product will exceed that of the
gold mines. Indirectly, the oil in-
dustry in Southern California has
been of great benefit to Los An-
geles, in stimulating manufactur-
ing and furnishing a large amount
of business to the machine shops
A TIIK1 1 YI-AK OLD
I'lie result of a Perfect Climate
and foundi
Bio ©afts from Small
Hcorns
MISTAKE, made by
many who come to
Southern California to
cultivate the soil, or go
into business of some
kind is to start in too soon and on
too large a scale, consequently it is
not surprising to find that failures
are often made by such people.
In case of those who aim to cul-
tivate the soil, it is always best to
wait a few months before making a
purchase. A still better idea is for
a newcomer to rent a place, some-
thing after the style of that which
he contemplates purchasing. There
are many openings for men of small
capital in Southern California.
Particularly is this true in regard
to the working up of the by-pro-
ducts of our orchards and vine-
yards. Not long ago a man in Los
Angeles started putting up chile
peppers, doing all the work himself.
Before long he was employing fifty
hands, and is now doing a whole-
sale business. Then there is a firm
whose name is now known all over
the world, with an immense fac-
tory, employing hundreds of hands,
and exporting by the carload to
Europe, which started a few years
ago in a room ten feet by twenty,
putting up crystallized fruit.
What these people have done,
others may do, but in all cases let
the newcomer remember David
Crockett's advice, and be sure he
is on the right track before he goes
ahead.
Cost of Xtvino
HERE is probably no important city in the United States,
where most of the necessaries of life are more reasonable
in price than in Los Angeles. The following are normal
retail prices, for an average year:
Pears, i to 3 cents per pound ; peaches, 2 to 3 cents ;
plums, 2 to 3 cents ; apples, 3 to 5 cents ; quinces, 2 to 3 cents ; grapes,
2 to 5 cents ; pomegranates, 4 to 6 cents ; fresh figs, 2 to 3 cents ;
watermelons, 5 to 15 cents each; canteloupes, 5 to 15 cents each;
lemons, 10 to 15 cents per dozen ; oranges, 10 to 40 cents per dozen ;
guavas, 6 to 7 cents per pound ; blackberries, 5 to 10 cents ; straw-
berries, 5 to 12 cents; raspberries, 10 to 15 cents.
Potatoes, $1.00 to $1.50 per 100 pounds; seed potatoes, a little
higher usually ; squash, 2 cents per pound ; string beans, 3 to 5
cents ; sugar peas, 4 to 5 cents ; tomatoes, 3 to 5 cents ; celery, 5
cents per bunch; sweet corn, 15 cents per dozen; cucumbers, 10
cents per dozen ; egg plant, 5 to 7 cents each ; carrots and turnips, 2
cents per pound.
Beef: Round steak, I2>4 cents per pound; chuck, 10 cents; rib,
15 cents; sirloin, 17^2 cents; porterhouse, 20 cents; tenderloin, 18
cents ; rib roast, 15 cents ; chuck roasts, 10 cents ; leg of mutton, 12J/2
OSTRICH FARM, SOUTH l'ASADKNA
cents ; shoulder, 10 cents ; chops, 15 cents ; lamb, 15 to 20 cents ; veal,
10 to \2y 2 cents; roast pork, 10 to 12^ cents.
Fish, 10 to 15 cents per pound; oysters, 50 to 60 cents per quart.
Oysters are imported from the north.
Butter, 30 to 35 cents per pound ; eggs, 20 to 25 cents per dozen ;
chickens, 75 to 90 cents; ducks, 75 to 85 cents; turkeys, 18 to 20
cents per pound ; rabbits, 20 cents.
Groceries are reasonable in price. Coal oil sells at 75 cents to
$1.15 per five-gallon can; flour at $1.15 per fifty-pound sack.
Cordwood — eucalyptus, oak or mesquite — is worth in ordinary
seasons, from $7 to $9 per cord, and coal from $10 to $12 per ton.
Coal oil is largely used for fuel ; also a distillate, made from Los
Angeles crude petroleum.
Lumber averages from $21 to $23 per thousand for rough pine;
$22 to $30 for rough redwood, and $40 to $45 for surfaced red-
wood. Pine is generally used for building and redwood for in-
terior finish. Houses may be built at from $250 to $400 per room.
WINTER SCENE, OSTKICH FARM, SOUTH PASADENA
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SAVINGS BANK AND TKUST BUILDING
(Under contract)
Mages in Southern California'
Following are the average wages paid in Southern California.
Day labor, ij l / 2 to 25 cents per hour; ranch hands, $20 to $30
per month, and board ; milkers, $30 to $40 per month and board.
Clerks, $25 to $85 per month; bookkeepers, $50 to $125 per
month ; stenographers, $30 to $100 per month.
Teamsters, $2 to $2.50 per day; street car conductors, 23 cents
per hour; street car motormen, 23 cents per hour; machinists, 30
to 45 cents per hour ; moulders, 25 to 40 cents per hour.
Fruit packers, piece work, earn $1 to $2.50 per day ; teams, with
drivers, nine hours' work, $3.50 per day; electric linemen, 1st to 5th
grade, $59 to $85 per month ; 6th grade, $2 per day ; butchers, first-
class, $18 per week; bakers, ten hours, union scale, $3 per day;
tailors, union shops, $20 per week; others, $18 to $20 per week;
piece workers make up to $25 per week. Oil well workers : Drill-
ers, $5 per day ; pumpers, $3 per day ; tool dressers, $2.50 to $3 per
day; roustabouts, $1.50 to $1.75 per day.
The following are for eight-hour day's work:
Carpenters, $3.50 per day; brick masons, $5 to $6 per day; plas-
terers, $5 to $6 per day; laborers, $1.50 to 2.50 per day; hod carriers,
$3.50 per day ; painters, $3.50 per day ; electricians, $3.50 per day ;
plumbers, $4.50 per day ; galvanized iron workers, $3.50 per day ;
lathers, $2.50 per 1000, a day's work being about 1000.
For work overtime, wages time and one-half; for work on holi-
days, double time.
a jfew Bon'ts
Don't imagine when you come to Southern California that you
will find here a portion of the "wild and woolly West." Southern
California is fully on a par with any of the Eastern States, and
ahead of some of them, in what our Boston friends refer to as
"culture."
Don't imagine that it is an easy thing to find a soft job, at good
pay, in Los Angeles, or elsewhere in Southern California. On the
contrary, this is probably the least promising city of the size in the
United States for persons who are seeking light employment, in
the shape of clerks, or bookkeepers, or anything of that kind, as
well as for lawyers, and doctors, and parsons, and other professional
men, or for people who desire to run a small store of some kind.
The reason for this is that Southern California is the Mecca for
thousands of invalids, who are glad to make enough to pay their
board and lodging, while they recover their health. On the other
hand, there is an active demand for mechanics of all kinds, for
laborers and for men — and women — who are able to do anything a
little better than the other fellow.
64
Don't imagine that you can buy in Southern California land
which will net the owner $100 per acre per annum at the same price
you pay in the East for land which will not yield an income of over
$15 per acre.
Don't imagine that farming in Southern California is all fun —
that all you have to do is to sit under your own vine and fig tree
and watch things grow. It is true that under the sunny sky of
Southern California the cultivation of the soil is a far pleasanter
job than in the country east of the mountains, but even here, to
insure good results, diligent, intelligent and persistent work is
necessary.
Don't imagine that because this is a "semi-tropic" climate, you
will not need any warm clothing on your body, or artificial warmth
in the house. You will find warm clothing and an occasional open fire
very desirable, to counteract the great drop which takes place in
the thermometer, between half an hour before and half an hour
after sunset.
Don't buy a place until you have investigated it, or have had
some person investigate, upon whom you can rely. Better still,
don't buy a farm until you have rented a place for a year, and have
become acquainted with local conditions.
Striking jfacts
Southern California (including Fresno and Kern Counties)
produces 95 per cent of the citrus fruits shipped from the State,
the crop, in a normal year, amounting to about 25,000 carloads.
Southern California produces all of the petroleum output of
the State, the product in 1902 amounting to 12,000,000 barrels.
Southern California leads the world in the quality of its sugar
beets, some beets raised last year running 25 per cent sugar. The
output of the four sugar factories in 1902 was valued at $3,600,000.
The population of Los Angeles city in 1880 was 11,311 ; in 1890,
50,395 ; in 1900, 102,479. Today the population is conservatively
estimated at 125,000.
The bank clearings of Los Angeles for 1902 amounted to $243,-
683,927, an increase of nearly 40 per cent over 1901.
The value of buildings erected in Los Angeles in 1902 was
about $9,000,000.
• According to the United States census, Los Angeles made the
largest percentage of increase of population of any city in the United
States during the decade 1890- 1900.
Los Angeles leads American cities in increased bank clearings.
In November, 1902, Los Angeles ranked fourth among all the
cities of the country in the value of buildings erected.
During 1902 Los Angeles increased more rapidly in population
and wealth in proportion to its size than any other city in the world.
65
Strips from %oe UwqcIcq
Following are among the principal trips of interest to tourists
that may be made from Los Angeles, within a limit of two days.
The trips to Catalina Island, Santa Barbara, and San Diego may be
made within a day, but that would leave little or no time for inspec-
tion. Unless otherwise stated, these places are all reached by steam
railroad.
HALF-DAY TRIPS.
Santa Monica, Ocean Park ; steam and electric road.
Port Los Angeles, Terminal Island, Long Beach, San Pedro,
Redondo Beach ; steam and electric road.
Baldwin's Ranch, San Gabriel Mission ; steam, electric and
tally-ho.
Ostrich Farm ; steam and electric road.
Soldiers' Home ; steam and electric road.
Pasadena ; steam and electric road.
Whittier and Santa Fe Springs.
Hollywood and Cahuenga Valley ; electric road.
San Fernando Mission.
ONE-DAY TRIPS.
Mount Lowe, electric road.
"Kite-shaped track" of the Santa Fe system, including stops at
Riverside and Redlands.
"Inside Track" of the Southern Pacific, including stops at Po-
mona and Ontario.
Alamitos, Oxnard or Chino sugar factory.
Santa Ana, Orange, Tustin and surroundings.
Oil wells of Whittier, Fullerton and Puente ; railroad and private
conveyance.
Monrovia, Duarte, and Azusa (heart of San Gabriel Valley).
San Buenaventura.
San Juan Capistrano Mission.
TWO-DAY TRIPS.
Santa Catalina Island, railroad and steamship.
Santa Barbara.
Wilson's Peak, railroad, stage and burros.
Bear Valley ; railroad and stage.
Idyllwild (Strawberry Valley) ; railroad and stage.
Elsinore.
San Luis Rey Mission ; railroad and stage.
San Diego, Coronado Beach and Mexican line.
66
Southern California products
Following is the estimated value of the principal products of the
seven southern counties for 1902 :
Citrus Fruits $14,000,000
Gold and Silver 5,674,000
Copper 220,000
Petroleum 6,000,000
Borax 1,274,700
Hay 3,300,000
Vegetables and Fruits consumed 3,000,000
Dried Fruits and Raisins 2,000,000
Grain 3,000,000
Canned Goods 1,500,000
Sugar 3,600,000
Fertilizers 635,000
Nuts 1,400,000
Cement, Clay, Brick, Sandstone and Granite 1,278,000
Wine 400,000
Beer 1 ,000,000
Butter 780,000
Beans 1 ,800,000
Asphaltum 625,000
Eggs 525<ooo
Celery 300,000
Poultry 330,000
Hides ' 1 50,000
Fresh fish 302,000
Canned fish 1 55>° 00
Wool 100,000
Vegetables exported 35o.ooo
Cheese 165,000
Olives and Olive Oil 100,000
Salt, Mineral Waters, Lithia, Mica, Ser-
pentine 474,800
Honey 45.°°°
Lime 275,400
Pork, Beef, Mutton— dressed 3,234,000
Miscellaneous Manufactured Products . . . 24,000,000
$81,992,900
The shipment of dried fruits from this section direct to Europe
has become an important branch of the horticultural industry during
the past few years, and is steadily growing.
The manufacture of machinery for the fanners, minors and oil
men, gives employment to a large number of men in Los Angeles.
67
Distances from Xos Hngelee
Miles. Miles. Miles.
Albuquerque 888 Highland Park 4 San Gabriel Mission. II
Alhambra 8 Kingman 372 San Gorgonio 81
Alosta 26 Lincoln Park 7 San Fernando 22
Alpine 63 Long Beach 22 San Francisco 484
Anaheim 28 Lugonia 65 San Jacinto 70
Artesia 20 Merced 333 San Juan Capistrano. 57
Azusa 23 Mojave 102 San Pedro 25
Barstow 141 Monrovia 18 Santa Ana 35
Bagdad 219 Monte Vista 18 Santa Anita 16
Ballona 12 Mound City 61 Santa Barbara no
Banning 86 Newhall 30 Santa Monica 19
Crescenta Canada.... 13 National City 130 Santa Paula 66
Cahuenga Pass 8 Needles 310 Savannah 12
Corona 55 Newport Landing.... 34 Seligman 460
Colton 58 Norwalk 17 Sepulveda 9
Compton 12 Ontario 39 Spadra 30
Covina 22 Orange 33 Sierra Madre Villa ... 16
Cajon Summit 85 Pasadena 9 Temecula 63
Cabazon 93 Pomona 34 Tnstin 41
Cucamonga 42 Puente 20 Terminal 25
Downey 13 Redlands 67 Whittier 20
Duarte 19 Redondo Beach 20 Tejunga 16
Elsinore 85 Riverside 65 Wilmington 21
Florence 7 San Bernardino 62 Winslow 602
Fresno 278 San Buenaventura. .. . 80 Williams 510
Fulton Wells 14 San Diego 126 Yuma 250
Hltitufce above Sea level
Alesandro 1,536' Glendora 747 Oceanside 44
Alpine Tavern.... 5,000 Hemet 1,500 Old Baldy 10,142
Altadena 1,550 Hesperia 3,184 Olive 228
Anaheim 164 Highlands 1,315 Orange 178
Arrowhead 1,226 Inglewood 117 Oro Grande 2,625
Azusa 616 Lamanda Park.... 735 Pasadena 829
Barstow 2,105 Lincoln Park 635 Perris 1,450
Box Springs 1,536 Lordsburg 1,041 Redlands 1,349
Cajon 2,027 Los Angeles 270 Rialto 1,201
Capistrano 138 Mentone 1,640 Rivera 154
Carlsbad 41 Modjeska 343 Riverside 875
Cenf'nela 150 Mojave 2,751 Rubio 220
Claremont 1,143 Monrovia 434 San Bernardino... 1,075
Colton 977 Mt. Grayback H.725 San Dimas 041
Duarte 497 Mt. Lowe 6,200 San Jacinto [,535
Last Highlands.... 1,332 Mt. San Bernar- San Marcos 568
Echo Mountain.... 3,500 dino 10,100 Santa Ana 135
Elsinore 1,281 Mt. San Jacinto ... 10,997 Santa Fe Springs.. 159
El Toro 428 Murietta 1.088 South Pasadena... 674
Escondido 640 North Cucamonga. 1.115 Summit 3,819
Etiwanda 1.143 North Ontario i.ji: Temecula [,001
Fullerton 16c North Pomona.... [,074 Victor 2,713
Garvanza 550 Observatory Peak 6,723 Winchester 1,467
Gbe Xo6 Hngeles Chamber of Commerce
HE Chamber of Commerce, although its work is for the
public, is a private corporation, possessing a member-
ship of business and professional men of Los Angeles
and Southern California. These contribute one dollar per
month toward the expense of maintaining the institution.
One of the main features of the organization is to supply in-
formation and answer correspondence relative to the resources and
productive features of the southern portion of the State. It also
maintains a free exhibit of natural and manufactured products.
This exhibit, which occupies the greater portion of the upper floor
of a building on the corner of Fourth street and Broadway, spe-
cially erected for the purpose, is visited by thousands of people
yearly, from all parts of the world. Work has commenced on a fine
new building for the Chamber on Broadway between First and Sec-
ond streets. The average yearly registration is 165,000. In addi-
tion to maintaining this exhibit, the Chamber has taken charge of
the Southern California exhibit at the World's Fair, the Mid- Winter
Fair at San Francisco ; the Cotton States International Exposition,
Atlanta; the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omaha, and supplied
two displays for the World's Fair at Paris. It has also assisted in
supplying the exhibits for Hamburg, Germany, and Guatemala, and
had a fine exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo. Prep-
arations are now being made for an exhibit at St. Louis.
The following pamphlets, issued by the
Chamber, can be had on application at the
office, or will be sent to any address upon
receipt of five cents for postage :
Climate and Health.
Los Angeles as a Summer Resort.
Petroleum Fuel and Manufactures.
City of Pasadena, Riverside County,
Orange County, San Diego County, Santa
Barbara County, Ventura County, Fresno
County.
Copies c' |C he Annual Special Editions
of the J, , Angeles Times, Herald and
Expret*.
71
PAMPAS-GRASS
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