Full text of "The city of Cincinnati : a summary of its attractions, advantages, institutions and internal improvements, with a statement of its public charities"

GENEALOGY

COLLECTION

J >-

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC,LIBRARY

3 1833 02279 6608

PUBLISHER OF MUSIC,

AND DEALEB IN

And all hinds of Musical Merchandise.

General "Wholesale and Retail Agent for

AND

CABINET AND METROPOLITAN ORGANS,

And other flrst'Class PianoH, Organs, and Melodeons.

66 ^VEST FOURTH STREET,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

THE

QUEEN CITY ISa©
ITYoF L/INCINNATir

L/ITY OF L^

A SUMMARY

OF ITS

Attractions, Advantages,
INSTITUTIOKS AND INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS,

WITH

A STATEMENT OF iTS PUBLIC CHARITIES.

GEO. E. STEVENS.

CINCINNATI:
GEO. S. BLANCHARD & CO,

39 WEST FOURTH STREET.
1869.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, by

GEO. E. STEVENS,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the
Southern District of Ohio.

6TEBE0TTPED AT THE FRANKLIN TYPE FOUNDRY, CINCINNATI.

1417482

P u B L I s H E p^s ' Notice

/^INCINNATI, the largest inland city of the United
i^ States — the center of trade of the Ohio Valley, with
a population of over a quarter of a million, admira-
ble location and climate, and suburbs unequaled in beauty
by those of any city in the world — has recently had no pub-
lication setting forth its attractions and advantages, both
as a place of trade and residence. This want, it is hoped,
has now been supplied.

The publishers have borne in mind the impatience of
the public toward prolixity in style, and, at the risk of
omitting valuable material, have endeavored to present, to
he read, a compend, stating, in the most concise terms,
only the leading features which characterize the great city
of the Central West. The original design included full
descriptions of the suburbs, but the limits of the volume
forbade these. As it now is, the book, without being a
mere tabular guide, will be a manual of great service to
every stranger. The publishers bespeak for it the attention
of every merchant, manufacturer, and property-holder in
Cincinnati, confident that such a publication will be a
powerful agent in the advancement of their interests.
Believing in the promise of a magnificent future for the
Queen City, they issue this volume, trusting that no citizen
will be ashamed to declare it a fair exponent of the great
metropolis of the Ohio Valley.

w'HE design of this volume has been to present, in the
ImJ briefest possible terms, a summary of the attractions
and advantages, and to assert the rightful sovereignty,
of the Queen City. Not a history, recording the past, but
rather a photograph, an instantaneous fixing of the pres-
ent, has been intended. With this aim, taxing the utmost
skill to develop the salient features — to properly adjust the
effects of light and shade — to select just the point of best
perspective — the difficulty has been to determine, not what
to insert, but what to omit, not how much, but how little
to say. Thus the work, while partly the result of compi-
lation, has required, in its preparation, much time and
labor. It is submitted in the firm belief that those who
have attempted a task similar to this, will form the most
charitable opinions of its execution. Entire freedom from
inaccuracies is not claimed. The nature of the contents
will account for the appearance of matter which may have
ceased since it was written, to represent facts correctly.

Reference has been had to various sources for informa-
tion, among which are to be credited the daily papers of

VI PREFACE.

the city, especially the Oazette, and the volumes of the
late Charles Cist, to whose labors Cincinnati has been so
greatly indebted. That invaluable work, " Lippincott's
Gazetteer," has supplied important items. In the prepara-
tion of the statement of the charities of the city, free use
has been made of published reports of the various institu-
tions. To the " Atlantic Monthly," acknowledgment is also
due.

The most valuable part of the book will be found to be
the chapter upon the growth and future of Cincinnati.
This is from the pen of E. D. Mansfield, Esq., and will
command the attention and confidence which it deserves.

G. E. S.
Cincinnati, April 20, 1869.

ONTENTS

CHAPTER I. p^8^
Introductory View 9

CHAPTER II.

Location— Physical Characteristics— La Belle Riv-
iere—General Description— Distances to Important
Points 12

CHAPTER III.

The Stranger in Cincinnati— Approach— General Di-
rections-Different Quarters of the City— Suspension
Bridge— Suburbs— Public Buildings and Points of In-
terest—Hotels—Fourth Street— Levee— Fort Washing-
ton—West End—" Over the Rhine"—" Siege of Cincin-
nati"— Moonlight Scenes— Spring Grove— Cincinnati
Hospital— Law School— Law Library— Church Edi-
fices—Davidson Fountain— Garden of Eden— Young
Men's Gymnastic Association — St. Xavier's College—
Wesleyan Female College— Other Notable Points (ar-
ranged alphabetically) 20

CHAPTER IV.

Cincinnati and its Future ; its Growth, Industry, Com-
merce and Education - 67

CHAPTER V.

City Government— Public School System— School Reg-
ulations—Postal Statistics— Wealth of the City— Board
of Health— Police Department— Fire Department— Ad-

(vii)

Viii CONTENTS,

PAGE

ministration of Justice— Justices of the Peace— District
Court^Court of Common Pleas— Superior Court^Pro-
bate Court— Police Court^United States Courts 102

CHAPTER VI.

The Charities of Cincinnati— Introductory— Union
Bethel— Orphan Asylum— Relief Union- Children's
Home- German Orphan Asylum— Home for the
Friendless— Ladies Union Aid Society — Fowell Bux-
ton School— St. Luke's Hospital— Widow's Home ��
Women's Christian Association — Young Men's Chris-
tian Association — Colored Orphan Asylum — House of
Refuge— Board of Health— City Infirmary— Longview
Asylum— Cincinnati Hospital 120

CHAPTER VII.

The PRE.SS— Literary, Scientific and Social Organi-
zations— Chamber of Commerce— Board of Trade — Li-
braries—Newspapers and Periodicals— Manufacture of
Books— Public Library— Young Men's Mercantile Li-
brary—Theological Library— Horticultural Society-
Academy of Medicine— Historical and Philosophical
Society— Mechanics Institute— Pioneer Association-
German Pioneer Association— Lane Seminary— Mount
Auburn Young Ladies' Institute— Literary Clubs— Mu-
sical Societies— Social Elements 187

CHAPTER VIII.

Items of Caution and Notice for Strangers— Sub-
UKUS— Horse-Car Routes— Fire Alarm Stations— Lines
of Outward Travel — Avondale — Clifton — College
Hill— Fast Walnut Hills— Gleudale— Mount Auburn-
Walnut Hills— Woodburn— Wyoming 202

The Oueen City.

CINCINNATI, entering in 1869 the ninth decade
of its existence, is the largest and wealthiest in-
land city of America. The number of its inhabit-
ants is estimated at over a quarter of a million. Settled
in 1788, one hundred and seven years after Philadel-
phia, it has to-day a population as great as that city
contained in 1840, and equal to that of New York in
1833. Receiving early in its history the title "Queen
City of the West," it has never lost its claim to that
proud eminence. Its present greatness may well excite
contemplation, and its citizens gather thence a fresh
energy to stimulate a future growth, the limit of which
none can place. It has been no idle fancy that has
styled Cincinnati "the Paris of America." Already
the great workshop and exchange of the populous Val-
ley of the Ohio, a territory greater in area than the
whole of France, Nature has bestowed gifts which need

(9)

10 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

only the seconding of Art to develop upon the banks
of "La Belle Riviere" the grandest and most beautiful
city of the New World. American brain and nerv^e
and muscle will find here a center where the facilities
for the creation of wealth shall be inferior only to those
for its enjoyment. Inevitably Cincinnati, the metropo-
lis of the fairest portion of the United States, is moving
steadily and compactly forward to a magnificent future.
Its commercial sujjremacy was and is "manifest des-
tiny," while natural advantages belong to it which
leave it few rivals in beauty of situation among the
cities of the world.

The Cincinnati of A.D. 1900 will display to the visitor
its vast commerce and manufactures crowding its lower
plateau, while upon the elevation of the surrounding
hills shall stretch away for miles under the genial skies
of this favored region the dwellings of its inhabitants.
Pushing its limits far out on every side, there will be,
at no distant period, one consolidated municipality,
gathering into its embrace one after another the now
suburban villages, until one and the same boundary
shall mark the limit of the city and the county in
which it is situate.

In the recently-uttered words of a distinguished citi-
zen, the Cincinnati of the not remote future is to be
"a city fair to the sight, with a healthy public spirit,
and high intelligence sound to the core ; a city with

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 11

pure water to drink, pure air to breathe, spacious pub-
lic grounds, wide avenues ; a city not merely of much,
traffic, but of delightful homes ; a city of manufactures,
wherein is made every product of art — the needle-gun,
the steam-engine, the man of learning, the woman of
accomplishment; a city of resort for the money profit
of its dealings, and the mental and spiritual profit of
its culture — the Edinboro' of a new Scotland, the Boston
of a new New England, the Paris of a new France."

Most justly has one of the ablest of American politi-
cal economists said, that " it requires no keenness of ob-
servation to perceive that Cincinnati is destined to
become the focus and mart for the grandest circle of
manufacturing thrift on this continent. Her delightful
climate, her unequaled and ever-increasing facilities for
cheap and rapid commercial intercourse with all parts
of the country and the world, her enterprising and en-
ergetic population, her own elastic and exulting youth,
are all elements which predict and insure her electric
progress to giant greatness. It may be doubted if there
is another spot on earth where food, fuel, cotton, timber,
and iron can all be concentrated so cheaply as here.
Such fatness of soil, such a wealth of mineral treasure —
coal, iron, salt, and the finest clays for all purposes of
use — and all cropping out from the steep, facile banks
of placid, though not sluggish, navigable rivers. How
many El Dorados could equal this valley of the Ohio?"

CHAPTER II.

Location— Physical Chaeacteristics— La Belle
Riviere— General Description.

^HE City of Cincinnati, the county seat of Hamil-
ton County, State of Ohio, is situated in a valley
of circular form, about twelve miles in circum-
ference, which is bisected by the Ohio Kiver passing
through it in a course from north-east to south-west.
The city rests upon the north bank ; and, lying opposite,
in the State of Kentucky, are the towns of Dayton,
Ludlow, and Brooklyn, and the cities of Newport and
Covington. The Licking River empties into the Ohio
between the cities just mentioned. The hills surround-
ing the city form a natural amphitheater unequaled
in beauty upon this continent. From their summits,
varying in height from three to four hundred feet, may
be seen the splendid panorama of the great river and
three cities with all their busy life. While Philadel-
phia, New Orleans, Chicago, BuiTalo, and St. Louis are
built on comparatively level ground, and afford scarcely
any noticeable variety of position, the site of Cincin-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 13

nati is one upon which the eye of taste may rest with
admiration, while the natural advantages of location,
which the city and its environs present, seize the atten-
tion of every beholder.

The river front of the city is about ten miles in length,
and the northern line over two miles from low-water
mark.

The greater part of the city is built on two terraces,
or plateaus — the first, fifty feet above low-water mark,
and the second one hundred and eight feet. The front
margin of the latter plateau, originally a steep bank,
has been graded to a gentle declivity, so that the drain-
age of much of the city is made directly into the river.
This upper terrace, comprising two-thirds of the area of
the valley, is somewhat undulating in its surface, but
in the main slopes to the north, and, at an average dis-
tance of a mile, terminates at the base of the hills.

The central and business portions of the city are com-
pactly built. The streets are laid out with regularity,
and are about sixty-six feet in width. The sidewalks
are Avide, and paved with brick and stone. Shade trees
adorn many of the streets and avenues. Main Street
runs almost due north from the river, with Broadway,
Sycamore, Walnut, Vine, Eace, Elm, Plum, Central
Avenue, and others, parallel with it. These are inter-
sected at right angles by streets running east and west,
and mostly deriving their names from their relative po-

14 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

si tion— Front, Second, Pearl, Third, Fourth, Fifth, etc.
The princii)al streets for wholesale business are Main,
Walnut, Vine, Second, and Pearl; for retail. Fourth,
Fifth, and Central Avenue. At the foot of Main, Syc-
amore, and Broadway, on Front Street, is the Public
Landing, an open area of ten acres, with one thousand
feet front. The shore is paved from low-water mark,
and furnished with floating wharves which rise and fall
with the river. Cincinnati is remarkable for solidity
of appearance, and presents a striking appearance both
in regard to the architecture and the magnitude of its
buildings. The material generally employed for the
fronts of the best buildings is a fine freestone or sand-
stone, though white limestone is used to a considerable
extent.

The city was settled in 1788, and incorporated as a
city in 1819. In 1800, it contained only seven hundred
and fifty inhabitants. For several years after its first
settlement, it suffered greatly from Indian ravages.
When this source of danger ceased, the new city moved
forward to greatness with rapid strides. The accom-
panying engraving represents Cincinnati as it appeared
in 1802.

The Ohio Eiver, which curves so gracefully around
the southern margin of the city, is one of the finest
rivers in the world. The early French adventurers
called it "La Belle Riviere" — the Beautiful River.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 15

This, it is stated, is the signification of the Indian
appellation Ohio. No river on the globe rolls for so
great a distance in such uniform, smooth, and placid
current. It is formed by the confluence of the Alle-
ghany and Monongahela in the western part of Penn-
sylvania. Flowing in a south-westerly direction, and
dividing Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the right, from
Virginia and Kentucky, on the left, it empties into the
Mississippi about one hundred and seventy-five miles
below St. Louis. The entire length of the river is up-
ward of nine hundred and fifty miles, and of the valley,
not following the windings of the stream, about six hun-
dred and fourteen miles. The principal tributaries are
the Muskingum, Great Kanawha, Big Sandy, Scioto,
Miami, Green, Kentucky, "Wabash, Cumberland, and
Tennessee. At Pittsburgh, its elevation above the level
of the sea is six hundred and eighty feet ; at the entrance
of the Muskingum, five hundred and forty-one feet ; at
the mouth of the Scioto, four hundred and sixty-four
feet; opposite Cincinnati, four hundred and fourteen
feet; at its confluence with the Mississippi, three hun-
dred and twenty-four feet — making the average descent
less than five inches to the mile. The current is very
gentlCj being about three miles per hour. The velocity
is, of course, very much increased at high water. In
common with other Western rivers, the Ohio is subject
to great elevations and depressions. The average range

16 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

between high and low water is about fifty feet; but in
a few instances, as in 1832, the rise has been over sixty-
feet. The navigable waters of the Ohio and its tribu-
taries are estimated at not less than five thousand
miles, and the extent of area drained at two hundred
and twenty thousand square miles. Descending the
river from Pittsburgh, the scenery is highly picturesque
and beautiful. The hills, two and three hundred feet
high, and intervening valleys, approach the stream on
either side. These exhibit in the spring and early sum-
mer a bounteous wealth of verdure, and in autumn all
the glories of color which have made the forests of the
West so justly celebrated. The graceful curves and
bends of the river, exhibiting in the distance one range
of hills gliding into another, with their beautifully-
rounded summits, produce a series of splendid views
rarely found.

Cincinnati is in longitude 84° W west from Green-
wich, and latitude 39° 6^ 30'^ north. The upper terrace
of the city is five hundred and forty feet above the level
of the sea.

The surface of the river at low water is four hundred
and thirty-one feet, and that of the surrounding hills
about eight hundred and fifty feet, above the sea. The
summit of Mount Adams is three hundred and ninety-
six feet above low-water mark in the Ohio River, Mount
Auburn four hundred and fifty-nine feet, and Mount

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 17

Harrison, west of the city, four hundred and sixty-
feet.

Geologically, Cincinnati is situated in the lower Silu-
rian formation. Sand and gravel underlie the greater
portion of the city. The adjacent region furnishes, in
inexhaustible quantities, a blue fossiliferous limestone,
which is a most valuable building material.

Situated in the heart of a rich and populous district,
through which are scattered rapidly-growing cities and
towns, Cincinnati is the commercial metropolis of sev-
eral of the finest States in the Union. Of the region
between Lake Erie and Tennessee River, and between
Baltimore and Saint Louis, comprising the fairest part
of North America, it is the center.

A table of distances to important points, by water
and by railway, is here given :

BY RIVER.

Miles.

Aurora, Ind., 26

Cairo, 529

Carrolton, Ky., , . . 81

Evansville, Ind., 337

Guyandotte, Va., 165

Ironton, 144

Lawrenceburg, Ind., 22

Louisville, 142

Madison, Ind., 91

Marietta, O., 306

Maysville, Ky., 61

18 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Milea.

Memphis, '^^^

New Albany, Ind., 145

New Orleans, 1520

Parkersburg, Va., 293

Pomeroy, O., . • . - 220

Pittsburgh, 476

Portsmouth, O., 114

St. Louis, 708

Vlcksburg, 1128

Wheeling, 382

BY KAIL,

Altoona, Pa., .... 430

Baltimore, 580

Boston, 936

Buffalo 438

Cairo, 396

Chicago, 280

Cleveland, 255

Columbus, O., 120

Dayton, 60

Detroit, 267

Evansville, Ind., 243

Harrisburg, Pa., 562

Indianapolis, 115

Lexington, Ky., 100

Louisville, 137

Marietta, O., 196

Memphis, 514

Nashville, 330

New Orleans, 1588

New York, 744

Philadelphia, 668

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 19

Uilea.

Pittsburgh, 313

Richmond, Ind., 70

St. Louis, 340

Springfield, O., 84

Toledo, 202

Urbana 95

Vincennes 194

Vlcksburg, 1215

"Washington, 610

Xenia, O., 65

Cincinnati, already dis,tinguished for regularity and
beauty of streets, is susceptible, by reason of its peculiar
topographical features, of improvements of this kind,
which will leave it without a rival among American
cities. Large foresight is being displayed in the engi-
neering of public improvements. Splendid avenues
and parks are being projected and constructed, render-
ing it certain that no Baron Haussman will be needed
in the next century to remodel the Queen City.

CHAPTER III.

The Stranger in Cincinnati— Approach— General Di-
rections—Different Quarters of the City — Suspen-
sion Bridge— Prospects from the Hills— Suburbs-
Public Buildings and Points of Interest.

t-
^ApjHE stranger arriving in Cincinnati will find little

^) difficulty in acquainting himself with the streets
and avenues of the city, and making his way to
any part without trouble. The map of the city will aid
him to get the points of the compass, and give a general
idea of the location. It will also indicate the relative
position of the railroad depots, principal hotels, the
post-office, etc. The city is very compact, and commu-
nication between the different points is easy. The lines
of street cars afford a speedy transit from the railroad
depots to the vicinity of excellent hotels. The hack
rates of. Cincinnati were established before the war, and
have never since been altered. As they are not now
observed by any one, they are not here given. The
best plan is to have a distinct understanding with the
hackman before entering his carriage. The railroad
omnibus lines are well managed, and transport pas-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 21

sengers and baggage with great celerity. The streets
running north and south are numbered from the river
north; the east and west streets, each way from Main
Street.

The leading hotels of the city are here mentioned :

BuEKET House. — This spacious hotel is located on
the corner of Third and Vine Streets. Its fame is
known throughout the United States. Its splendid ap-
pointments and excellent management will continue to
perpetuate its celebrity. The building is in the Italian
style of architecture, and has a front of two hundred
and tAvelve feet on Third Street and two hundred and
ten feet on Vine Street. The present proprietors are
Messrs. A. C. Joslin & Co.

Gibson House. — This well-known and popular hotel
is on Walnut Street, west side, between Fourth and
Fifth. Its location is central and convenient to all the
lines of street cars. Directly opposite are the Merchant's
Exchange and the Young Men's Mercantile Library.
Its interior arrangements are admirable, and the con-
venience and comfort of guests are unceasingly consulted.
Never has this house been more attractive or prosperous
than under the management of Messrs. Sinks, Corre &
Co., its present lessees.

Spencer House. — This house needs no introduction
to those at all acquainted with Cincinnati. It is on the
north-west corner of Broadway and the Public Landing.

22 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

It has long been a favorite with travelers on the river
and guests from all parts of the South. The internal
arrangements are unsurpassed in their elegance and
convenience. The requirements of light and ventila-
tion are well met, and the prospect upon the river and
the Kentucky adjacencies is a splendid one. This
house is now conducted by Messrs. Sweny & Drown.

St. James Hotel. — This house, which has won in
the few years of its existence an enviable reputation, is
located on Fourth Street, at the corner of Hammond
Street, east of Main Street. This is the only hotel
upon this fashionable promenade. Its facilities for the
entertainment of guests are admirable, and no house
has gained friends more rapidly than this under the
popular management of Henry P. Elias, Esq.

Walnut Street House, as its name indicates, is
on "Walnut Street, at the corner of Gano, between Sixth
and Seventh Streets. It covers ten thousand square feet
of ground. The dining room is a magnificent apart-
ment. The parlors are spacious and elegant, and all the
rooms are of convenient size and arrangement. There
are few pleasanter places of abode for the stranger in
the city. Messrs. Pratt & Davis, its present owners, are
trentlemcn who thoroughly understand their business.
Colonel Pratt was for a long time proprietor of the
Spencer House of this city.

Merchants Hotel.— This house has always been a

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 23

favorite with visitors to Cincinnati. It is located on
Fifth Street, east of Main. It is a most eligible and
convenient stopping-place for travelers. The guests
ever find in its courteous proprietors, Galleher, Nel-
son & Co., gentlemen who are ever ready to contribute
to their comfort and enjoyment.

Galt House. — South-west corner of Sixth and Main.

METK0P0LiTA2f HoTEL. — On the wcst side of Main
Street, below Second.

HEXPaE House. — North side of Third, between Main
and Sycamore.

The visitor to Cincinnati is not favorably impressed
during the approach to the city. The railroads enter-
ing the city by the valley of Millcreek afford passengers
some idea of the extent and situation of the city, but
the entrance by river, or by the railroads skirting its
banks, conveys an unfortunate idea. The abruptly ris-
ing hills crowd all improvements close down to the
river side, and almost hide the main portion of the city,
till, close at hand, the massive fronts rear themselves
suddenly into view. The general aspect is that of solid-
ity, comfort, and commercial prosperity. Wide, well-
paved, clean streets, crossing each other at right angles,
invite a further inspection. The substantial, elegant
architecture of the mercantile and public buildings has
illustration in the engravings presented in this volume.

Once comfortably established in his quarters at the

24 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

hotel, the visitor is at leisure to make his plans, whether
in the way of business or pleasure. A subsequent part
of this book will furnish the names and locations of the
institutions of the city — civil, benevolent, educational,
etc. Directions to excursionists will here be given only
in a general way.

The pages immediately succeeding will furnish an
idea of the characteristics of different quarters of the
city, and a carriage drive of three or four hours will
suffice to visit them. Descriptions are also given of
the public buildings and works that are worthy of par-
ticular attention.

It would be too much for one day, however, to do
justice to the various institutions of Cincinnati, in vis-
iting them upon a tour of inspection. A day may be
most delightfully spent in a tour among the suburban
attractions of the city, including that unrivaled of Amer-
ican cemeteries. Spring Grove. Many visitors also make
this city the point of departure upon excursions to the
Mammoth Cave and Yellow Springs.

In the city itself. Fourth Street is the center of attrac-
tion. There are few more brilliant scenes than it pre-
sents upon bright afternoons in the spring or fall, when
it is thronged with promenaders, and glittering with the
gay and costly equipages of wealth.

Looking down from Fourth Street, one may behold
upon the terrace below, convenient to the river, and

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 25

yet secure from its invasion, the movements belonging
to vast manufactures and commerce. He will remem-
ber that a territory nearly three times as large as Great
Britain draws thence its principal supplies. Some of
that immense variety of merchandise will find a desti-
nation, by rail or steamer, thousands of miles away —
perchance reaching the shores of the Old World. Ex-
tending between Main Street and Broadway is a splen-
did levee, one thousand feet long, with an area of ten
acres, lined with capacious steamboats. This, with
its narrower extensions up and down the river, is the
scene of remarkable activity. "A traveler must, indeed,
be difiicult to please who can not find a boat bound to a
place he would like to visit. From far back in the coal-
mines of the Youghiogheny to high up the Eed River
— from St. Paul to New Orleans and all intermediate
ports — one has but to pay his money, and take his
choice of the towns upon sixteen thousand miles of
navigable waters."

There is a striking view from the levee of the new
wire-suspension bridge, which, as James Parton writes,
springs out from the summit of the broad, steep levee
to a lofty tower (two hundred feet high) near the wa-
ter's edge, and then, at one leap, clears the whole river,
and lands upon another tower upon the Covington
side. From tower to tower is one thousand and fifty-
seven feet; the entire length of the bridge is two thou-

26 THE CITY or CINCINNATI.

sand two hundred and fifty -two feet, and it is hung one
hundred feet above low-water mark by two cables of
wire. Seen from below, and at a little distance, it looks
like gossamer-work, and as though the wind could blow
it away, and waft its filmy fragments out of sight; but the
tread of a drove of elephants would not bend or jar it.
The Eock of Gibraltar does not feel firmer under foot
than this spider-web of a bridge, over which endless
trains of vehicles and pedestrians pass one another. It
is estimated that, besides its own weight of six hundred
tons, it would bear a burden of sixteen thousand tons.
This remarkable work, constructed at a cost of nearly
two million dollars, was begun twelve years ago, and
has taxed the patience and faith of its projectors severe-
ly ; but, now that it is finished, Cincinnatians justly look
upon it with great pride. One taking the street cars upon
Front Street, at the northern terminus of this bridge, may
in an hour's ride pass over two suspension bridges, each
flung across a navigable river, and will have been, dur-
ing his ride, in two States, three counties, and three
cities.

The great staples of this market — iron, cotton, sugar,
tobacco, etc. — are handled along Front, Water, and Sec-
ond Streets, and their adjacencies. Pearl Street, north
of Second, and parallel with it, is the center of opera-
tions for an immense capital employed in distributing
dry goods, notions, clothing, shoes, etc.

1 5> <

't%^

the' city of CINCINNATI. 27

On Third Street are assembled most of the banks,
insurance offices, agencies, lawyers' offices, etc. It is
the Wall Street of Cincinnati.

Fourth Street displays to the visitor the magnificent
retail establishments, and is the fashionable promenade
of the city.

On Third Street, between Broadway and Lawrence
Streets, the stranger may place himself on the former
site of Fort Washington ; all traces of which, however,
have long since vanished. It was built in 1789, when
the infant city was hourly in danger of incursion from
the savages who roamed the interminable forests of the
Miami country. The following description is taken
from " Cist's Cincinnati in 1841 : " " About the 1st of
June, 1789, Major Doughty arrived with one hundred
and forty men from Fort Harmar, on the Muskingum,
and built four block-houses nearly opposite the mouth
of Licking. When these were finished, within a lot of
fifteen acres reserved by the United States, and imme-
diately on the line of Third Street, between Broadway
and Lawrence, he commenced the construction of Fort
Washington. This building, of a square form, was
simply a fortification of logs hewed and squared, each
side about one hundred and eighty feet in length,
formed into barracks two stories high. It was con-
nected at the corners by high pickets with bastions or
block-houses, also of hewed logs, and projecting about

28 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

ten feet in front of each side of the fort, so that the
cannon placed Avithin them could be brought to rake
the walls. Extending along the whole front of the fort
was a fine esplanade, about eighty feet wide, and in-
closed with a handsome paling on the brow of the bank,
the descent from which to the lower bottom was sloping
about thirty feet. The exterior of the fort was white-
washed, and, at a short distance, presented a handsome
and imposing appearance. On the eastern side were
the officers' gardens, freely cultivated and ornamented,
with handsome summer-houses. The site of this build-
ing is that part of Third Street opposite the Bazaar, and
extending an average breadth of about sixty feet beyond
the line of the street on both sides. It was completed
by November, and on the 29th of the succeeding month
General Harmar arrived with three hundred men and
took possession of it."

Many of the dwellings of Cincinnati are remarkable
for their handsome proportions and elegance of finish.
The east end of Fourth Street, and contiguous portions
of Broadway and Pike Streets, exhibit some palatial
residences. An object of interest Avill be the mansion
and spacious grounds once occupied by Nicholas Long-
worth, who was at the time of his death, several years
ago, the richest man in Cincinnati. This beautiful
estate is now occupied by F. E. Suire, Esq.

Fourth Street, west of Central Avenue, also contains

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 29

many handsome dwellings. Prominent among them
is the residence of Judge D. K. Este.

The West End, comprising a large district lying to
the west of Central Avenue, includes the larger number
of handsome and comfortable dwellings, and is rapidly
growing in extent, beauty, and population.

The district between the Miami Canal, on the south
and west, and the hills on the north, contains a popula-
tion of almost entirely German descent or birth, the
number of which is estimated at eighty thousand. This
district is known as " Over the Rhine," the Miami Canal
receiving this sobriquet. Residents of the city during
the Know-Nothing excitement of 1854, well remember
the sluggish stream as marking the boundary beyond
which it was dangerous for some obnoxious native
Americans to venture among the excited foreigners,
who are now, as they have ever been, a most valuable
element of the population.

Millcreek is at present the western boundary of the
city. Plans are maturing to subdue this stream and
bring into service a large additional territory which at
present is subject to annual inundations. Many acres,
which now, every year, at a certain season, are turned
into a vast lake by the backwater of the Ohio, will then
be covered with valuable improvements, and extend the
densely-built city to the base of the western hills.

Upon reaching the heights north of the city, the

30 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

scene presented to the eye is one of extraordinary
beauty. Three hundred and fifty feet above the river,
the position commands a view of portions of two States,
three cities, numerous villages, the graceful curve of the
river, and the grand sweep of hills. Cincinnati, Cov-
ington, and Newport — the two latter divided by the
Licking River — and the United States military post on
its eastern bank, lie off to the south. On the east may
be seen the bold front of Mt. Adams, with its observa-
tory, founded by the distinguished astronomer and
noble patriot, O. M. Mitchel, and the beautiful suburb
of Walnut Hills ; on the west, the magnificent range of
hills and the great river winding onward in its ceaseless
course toward the Father of Waters. The beautiful
suburb of Clifton, with its magnificent country seats, is
also visible. Away to the north the eye sweeps over the
beautiful highlands, with their splendid mansions and
inviting drives, and takes in a portion of the peaceful
valley holding in its embrace that most beautiful of
cemeteries, Spring Grove. In a clear atmosphere, the
charming village of Glendale, twelve miles distant,
may be seen. The eye falls also upon the range of
hills which bi'istled with fortifications during the civil
war, when Cincinnati was almost a "border city." In
1862, when the city was menaced with attack by a
strong army pushing up through Kentucky, every hill-
top had its breastworks and heavy cannon, while the

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 31

approaches south of Covington were held by a force
numbering at one time not far from twenty-five thou-
sand men.

Across the river, before the present magnificent suspen-
sion bridge was completed, stretched a pontoon bridge,
over which many regiments of troops and endless trains
of artillery, wagons, and munitions of war, thundered
over into the "Dark and Bloody Ground," then most
true to its ancient name.

Martial law was first declared in Cincinnati, Septem-
ber 5th, 1862. The ten days ensuing will be forever
memorable in the annals of the city. In an article,
entitled the " Siege of Cincinnati," T. Buchanan Bead
wrote thus vividly of them :

"The cheerful alacrity with which the people rose
en masse to swell the ranks and crowd into the trench-
es was a sight worth seeing, and, once seen, could not
readily be forgotten. Here were the representatives of
all nations and classes. The sturdy German, the lithe
and gay-hearted Irishman, went, shoulder to shoulder,
in defense of their adopted country. The man of money,
the man of law, the merchant, the artist, and the artisan,
swelled the lines hastening to the scene of action, armed
either with musket, pick, or spade. Added to these was
Dickson's long, dusky brigade of colored men, cheer-
fully wending their way to labor on the fortifications.
But the pleasantest and most picturesque sight of those

32 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

remarkable days was the almost endless stream of sturdy
men who rushed to the rescue from the rural districts of
the State. These were known as the Squirrel Hunters.
They came in files, numbering thousands upon thou-
sands, in all kinds of costumes, and armed with all kinds
of fire-arms, but chiefly the deadly rifle, which they knew
so well how to use. Old men, young men, middle-aged
men, and often mere boys, dropped all their peculiar av-
ocations, and with their leathern pouches full of bullets,
and their ox-horns full of powder, poured into the city
by every highway and byway in such numbers that it
seemed as if the whole State of Ohio were peopled only
with hunters, and that the spirit of Daniel Boone stood
upon the hills opposite the city beckoning them into
Kentucky.

"The pontoon bridge, which had been completed be-
tween sundown and sundown, groaned day and night
with the perpetual stream of life all setting southward.
In three days, there were ten miles of intrenchments
lining the hills, making a semicircle from the river
above the city to the banks of the river below, and
they were thickly manned from end to end.

"The river also afforded protection by its flotilla of
gunboats improvised from the swarm of steamers which
lay at the wharves. A storm of shot and shell, such as
they had not dreamed of, would have played upon the
advancing columns of an enemy, while the infantry,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 33

pouring down from the fortifications, would have fallen
upon the rear,

" The commanding general congratulated the citizens
upon the rally and the result: 'Paris may have seen
something like it in her revolutionary days, but the
cities of America never did. Be proud that you have
given them an example so splendid.' " The Queen City
never surrendered.

The beauty of the surrounding hills, which exhibit
the gentle and varying slopes peculiar to a limestone
formation, is of wide celebrity. There would seem to
be no end of eligible building sites in every direction,
from which may be commanded most lovely prospects.
Many of the mornings in the late summer, when, be-
neath the rays of the sun, the fog from the river fills
all the valley below, afford, from any of the adjacent
summits, a view of surpassing beauty. The spectator
beholds stretching away from his feet an unbroken
expanse, presenting the appearance of a placid lake.
Gradually, as the sun ascends the sky, the dense va-
pors are elevated to rarer regions, and there are dis-
closed to view the city, the river, the villages, the nu-
merous steamboats, and all the busy life of the valley.
More enchanting are the moonlight scenes, when the
valley below is wrapped in a mantle of mist, and the
beholder may people the weird and shadowy stillness
with all the fantastic creations of the imagination.
3

34 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

But not the least among the chief attractions of Cincin-
nati will be its suburbs. These are described at length
in a volume soon to be published, a reference to which
will amply repay the reader. The vicinity of no city on
the continent can furnish more enjoyable drives, more
:jplendid landscape views, or more beautiful residences.
The Prince of Wales' party, in 1860, pronounced the
suburbs of Cincinnati the finest they had ever seen.
All the different suburban localities will amply repay
a visit, but no visitor to Cincinnati should fail to see
Clifton, Mount Auburn, and East Walnut Hills. Trav-
elers from all parts of America and Europe have de-
clared the prospects from various points in these local-
ities uncqualed in beauty anywhere. Particularly may
this be said in the autumn, when the Western forests
are in their glorious array of color. Here may also be
seen the homes of wealth and taste, where nature and
art seem to have vied with each other in the produc-
tif)n of palatial abodes which might excite the envy of
royalty itself A whole day is not too much to spend
in visiting the suburbs, but four hours will suffice to
make a shorter circuit, taking in the points already
named.

Of great prominence among the objects of interest
which Cincinnati offers to the stranger is Spring
Gkove Cemetery. In natural beauty, it is the finest
in the world.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 35

This cemetery is situated in the valley of the Mah-
ket-e-wa (the Indian name of Millcreek), three miles
north of the present limits of Cincinnati. It is ap-
proached by an avenue one hundred feet wide, which
is a most beautiful drive. The grounds were selected
in 1844, and now contain, with later additions, four hun-
dred and forty-three acres. The numerous springs and
groves of noble forest trees suggested the name. The
first Board of Directors consisted of the following gen-
tlemen: Eobert Buchanan, William Neff, A. H. Ernst,
David Loring, Nathaniel Wright, Griffin Taylor, Charles
Stetson, J. C. Culbertson, E. G. Mitchell.

The entrance buildings are in the Norman Gothic
style of architecture, and cost over fifty thousand dol-
lars. The undulating surface of the ground displays, to
the best advantage, the abundant water and forest scen-
ery. Avenues, twenty feet in width, conform to its
picturesque character. On every hand are visible evi-
dences of the excellent care of the Superintendent,
A. Strauch. The entire absence of fences around
lots gives the whole the harmony and pleasantness of
a park. The monuments are remarkable for their vari-
ety and good taste. JL^^J^^'^^S

The Soldiers' Monument, at the junction of Lake
Shore and Central Avenues, was erected in 1864. It is
a bronze statue, on a granite pedestal, representing a
United States soldier standing on guard. The design

36 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

was furnished by the sculptor, Eandolph Eogers, and
the work was cast by Frederick Von Miiller, at Munich.

The Dexter mausoleum is the largest and most ele-
gant structure at the present time. It represents a
Gothic chapel, and was executed under the care of
James K. Wilson, Esq., of Cincinnati.

The Burnet mausoleum is also a costly work of most
beautiful design.

There are tasteful chapels which will attract atten-
tion, among which are those belonging to the following
names: Strader, Selves, Bodman, Worthington, Wig-
gins, Gaylord, Taylor, Hall, Haynes, and Brown. Mar-
ble, Aberdeen and Quincy granite, and brown stone,
have been chiefly used for monumental purposes. The
monuments belonging to the families mentioned below
are notable for beauty of design and finish. They
are those of Baum, Carlisle, Clearwater, Davenport,
Davidson, Emery, Ernst, Gano, Hale, Hofiher, Holen-
shade, Hosea, Harkness, Hulbert, Lawler, Longworth,
Lytle, L'Hommedieu, NefF, Pendleton, Potter, Patter-
son, Ringgold, Resor, Shillito, Spencer, Walker, Whet-
stone, Wilshire, and Williams.

At Carthage, six miles from the city, are the Hamil-
ton County Fair-grounds. Here, in September of each
year, the annual county fair is held.

The Trotting Park, at which, in the spring and fall,
are held the races, is about five miles from the city.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 37

It may be reached either by railway or by convey-
ance.

Cincinnati can offer drives of unsurpassed beauty to
its visitors. Of those on Spring Grove Avenue, down
the river road, across the bridge and out toward La-
tonia Springs, south of Covington — and last, but not
least, out over Mount Auburn, on " the Fifth Avenue
of Cincinnati," and through Clifton — the half can not
be told. They must be seen to be appreciated.

A grand avenue has been suggested that will com-
pletely encircle the city, and afford a drive which will
be really magnificent. The plan is to start at a point
on the western bank of Millcreek, near the Warsaw
pike; thence skirting the base of the hills due north
to the Badgeley Eun road; thence sweeping around
Spring Grove through the thickly-wooded lands of
Judge Este ; thence on a line due east across the entire
rear of the city to the Montgomery road ; thence further
east to a point which would admit of a southern sweep
into and through Pendleton and Columbia to the Xenia
pike and into the city, thus comj)leting the contemplated
circle.

This avenue would intersect the Badgeley Eun road,
Hamilton road. Spring Grove Avenue, the Winton road,
Carthage pike, Eeading road, and Montgomery road,
thus affording a drive of five, ten, or twenty miles, as
inclination might prompt. Most of the drives which

38 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

be in the midst, as it were, of a continuous park, so
beautiful is the forest along parts of the line.

There will now be given descriptions of the principal
buildings and points of interest,

CINCINNATI HOSPITAL.

This imposing structure cost nearly a million dollars,
and was opened to the public in January, 1869. It
stands upon a large block of ground north of Twelfth
Street, between Central Avenue and Plum Street.

The structure, in point of beauty, solidity, and con-
venience, has not an equal in the country. It stands in
a sort of hollow block or square, in the center of which
has been placed a large fountain, which, during the hot
days of summer, gently throws up many streams of
fresh, cool water, moistening the atmosphere and re-
freshing the shrubs and flowers. This ground will be
ornamented with shade trees, shrubbery, and flowers.
The main entrance is on Twelfth Street, about midway
between Central Avenue and Plum Street. The dimen-
sions of this central part are as follows: seventy-five
feet wide by fifty feet deep, supporting a main entrance,
with a spacious hall directly through the middle.
Upon the first floor of this block the Superintendent
and family have their apartments; and ajipropriate
apartments, such as an apothecary room and dispensary,
pathological museum, reception rooms, and a library

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 39

for the resident physician, are arranged. The base-
ment has convenient rooms for storage purposes, and
for the examination of drugs. There is also a labora-
tory, laundry, and drying chamber, bathing rooms, cel-
lars, and other places of a similar character.

The second story is devoted to the accommodation of
officers for sleeping rooms, and a few private wards are
on this floor for patients who wish to have extra care,
and are able to pay for it.

The third story contains a large room that is intended
for the operating lecture room, with seats for the ac-
commodation of some seven hundred and fifty students.
In addition to this lecture room, there are apartments
expressly adapted for patients both before and after
operation, rooms for operators and their instruments,
lavatory and bath room.

The structure is of brick, with freestone finishings.
A Mansard roof, in slate of variegated colors, extends
the entire length. One section is surmounted by a
dome and spire one hundred and ten feet high. The
accompanying engraving will present an excellent view.
No more complete or extensive building of its kind
exists anywhere. The grounds are 448 by 340 feet.

CINCINNATI COLLEGE EDIFICE.

This edifice, on Walnut Street, between Fourth and
Fifth, is one hundred and forty feet front by one hun-

40 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

dred deep, and is built of white limestone, in the Doric
style. It is occupied in part by the Chamber of Com-
merce, the Young Men's Mercantile Library, and the
Law School of Cincinnati. The hall of the Chamber
of Commerce is one hundred and thirty-six by fifty feet.
This building belongs to the endowment of the Cincin-
nati College, and the income annually accruing from
it is swelling a fund, which, at no distant day, will
contribute to erect a grand free university.

THE FACULTY OF THE LAW SCHOOL

are Bellamy Storer, LL. D., Professor of Legal Rights,
including Real Estate, the Domestic Relations, and
Pleadings and Practice; George Hoadly, Professor of
Equity Jurisprudence ; J. D. Cox, Professor of Com-
mercial Law and Evidence.

THE COUNTY COURT-HOUSE,

on Main Street, north of Ninth, is a massive struct-
ure, built of Dayton stone, costing at the time of its
erection, before the era of high prices, $500,000. Im-
mediately in the rear of it is the County Jail, with
which there is subterranean connection.

The opposite engraving of this magnificent edifice
will give a better idea of it to the reader than any

IIIll

mill

igiii

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 41

description. Here is transacted the multitudinous busi-
ness pertaining to the civil administration of Hamilton
County.

Here is the Law Library of the Cincinnati Bar, which
is practically one of the best law libraries in the country,
having been selected by practitioners with a view to the
actual demands of practice. It contains the American,
English, Irish, Canadian, and Nova Scotian Reports,
and a large collection of American and English Statutes,
besides the standard text-books.

THE OHIO MECHANICS INSTITUTE

is a substantial structure, on the corner of Sixth and
Vine. It contains at present the rooms of the Public
Library, and also is the temporary home of the Theo-
logical and Religious Library. An engraving of it is
presented.

The Tower of the Fire Department is on this build-
ing. Its lofty summit commands a bird's-eye view of
the whole city. From its deep-toned bell the midnight
alarm of fire wakes the city with its dreadful note.

CHURCH EDIFICES.

Among the more costly and elegant church edifices,
may be mentioned Trinity Methodist Episcopal, on
Ninth Street, west of Race; St. John's Episcopal, cor-

42 THE CITY OF CINCINHrATI.

ner of Plum and Seventh ; First Presbyterian, on
Fourth Street, near Main, with a steeple two hundred
|knd seventy feet high ; Central Presbyterian, corner
of Mound and Barr Streets; St. Xavier's Catholic, on
Sycamore Street, near Seventh ; and the Ninth Street
Baptist, east of Race Street. The latter is considered
to have the most tasteful audience room in the city.
The congregation of Morris Chapel (Methodist) are
engaged in the erection of an edifice which will, when
completed, be the finest in Cincinnati. Their location
is on the corner of Seventh and Smith Streets.

There are one hundred and nineteen churches in
Cincinnati, divided as follows among the various de-
nominations: Baptists, eleven; Christian, one; Congre-
gational, four ; Disciples of Christ, four ; Friends, two ;
German Evangelical Union, four; German Reformed,
three; Independent Methodist, one; Jewish Syna-
gogues, five; Lutherans, three; Methodist Episcopal,
sixteen; Methodist Episcopal, German, three; Meth-
odist Protestant, three; Methodist Calvinistic, one;
Methodist, colored, one ; New Jerusalem, one ; Presby-
terians, Old School, six; Presbyterians, New School,
six; Presbyterians, United, three; Presbyterians, Re-
formed, three ; Protestant Episcopal, seven ; Roman
Catholic, twenty-three; United Brethren in Christ,
three; Universalist, one; Unitarian, three, Union Beth-
el, one.

OITY HI^LXj.

lijj^-.'^NQPM^, - -

tt^l

: :H|I ^fijl'|lr|l!|||

». W. Cor. Fourth & Race

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 43

THE CITY HALL,

with the beautiful grounds in front, occupies the square
west of Plum Street, lying between Eighth and Ninth
Streets. This is an attractive part of the city. The
accompanying engraving will place it distinctly before
the eye. It was built in 1853. All the city officers are
here to be found. The sessions of the School Board,
the City Council, and the Police Court attract to this
edifice a multitude of people, whose conditions widely
differ. Thus " the extremes" of humanity meet.

THE CINCINNATI OBSERVATORY

is situated near the eastern limits of the city, on Mount
Adams, five hundred feet above low water, and has a
commanding view of the city, the river, and the sur-
rounding hills. It is furnished with a most perfect
equatorial telescope, whose focal length is seventeen
and one-half feet, with an object-glass twelve inches in
diameter, which has magnifying powers ranging from
one to fourteen hundred times. The corner-stone of
this edifice was laid by the statesman and scholar, John
Quincy Adams, in 1843, and the institution is insepa-
rably associated with the memory of the astronomer and
patriot, General O. M. Mitchel.

44 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

THE CINCINNATI ORPHAN ASYLUM, THE HOUSE OF
REFUGE, THE WIDOWS' HOME, AND HOME FOR
THE FRIENDLESS

are fully described in their respective places in tlie
chapter upon the charities of Cincinnati.

THE CUSTOM-HOUSE BUILDING,

a view of Avhich is given, is an ornament to the city.
It is on the south-west corner of Fourth and Vine
Streets, and is the property of the United States. Here
are the depository of government funds, the post-office,
United States courts, and other offices pertaining to the
general government.

THE CARLISLE HOUSE,

on the corner of Mound and Sixth Streets, is a hand-
some structure. A hotel, upon the European plan, is
here conducted in the best style. The apartments are
spacious, and constructed purposely with a view to their
present use. Few private dwellings excel this house in
the tastefulness and elegance of its internal appoint-
ments.

CITY WORK-HOUSE.

In 1866, a tract of twenty-six acres, near the House
of Refuge, was purchased by the city, and in the suc-
ceeding year work was commenced upon this magnifi-
cent structure. It will be, when completed, the finest

is "

3ycoz-A.ie,T ia:.A.ijL.

UK .®'',

"Ti.,!iiW,:wftttte

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 45

building of the kind in the United States. The edi-
fice is five hundred and ten feet long, and will contain
six hundred apartments. The work-shops will form a
hollow square in the rear of the structure. The total
cost will be nearly three-quarters of a million dollars.
The accompanying engraving will give an idea of the
edifice. The work will reflect great credit upon Robt.
Allison, Esq., the Chairman of the Building Committee,
and Messrs. Anderson & Hannaford, the architects.

THE DAVIDSON FOUNTAIN.

This magnificent work of art is soon to be erected
upon Fifth Street, between Walnut and Vine. It re-
ceives its name from its munificent projector, Tyler
Davidson, who was long one of the merchant princes
of Cincinnati. The execution and details of the proj-
ect, at the death of Mr. Davidson, were left in the
hands of Henry Probasco, Esq. The conditions im-
posed upon the city in the gift were, briefly : That the
fountain should always be kept in good order, with an
abundance of pure water, and free for the use of all ;
that the conduits should be kept supplied twelve hours
of the day in summer, ten hours a day in the spring
and fall, and six hours a day in winter, except when
the mercury was below a freezing point ; that a com-
petent person, detailed from the police, should always
be kept near it to preserve its cleanliness, and to guard

46 THE CITY OF CIKCINNATI.

it from abuse; that the water should be used only
for drinking and ornamental purposes, except in case
of fire, in the immediate vicinity, and that to the donor
and bis legal representatives should be reserved the
right to hold the city responsible for the continued
fulfillment of these conditions.

The design of the fountain is beautiful, and it will
stand an enduring monument to the liberality and
taste of Messrs. Davidson and Probasco. The princi-
pal figure will represent the Genius of Water, from
whose hands falls the ever-flowing rain, which is caught
by a peasant standing on the right, whose fields are
thirsting for it. On the opposite side stands a citizen
imploring water for his burning house. On the oppo-
site side is the figure of a man, who, by a vigorous
stroke, opens a spring for one on crutches who desires
to drink. On the other side is a mother leading her
child to the bath, invited by a nymph playing with
the springing jets of water. Four jets, two from above
and two from below, add life and Variety to the scene.
Near the base are four bos reliefs, representing the
utility of water, viz., navigation, mills, fisheries, and
steam.

On four corners are figures of children suggesting
the enjoyments connected with water, viz., a girl
adorning herself with pearls, a boy fishing for shells,
a second fitting on skates, and a third finding corals

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 47

and crystals. Near the top of the fountain, or just
under the main figure, will be placed a medallion of
Tyler Davidson. The water coming from the leaves
of the shell is to be used as a fresh drinking water by
a separate conduit pipe. The four upper jets belong
only to the decoration, and are not intended for prac-
tical use. The whole fountain will be of bronze, the
base and its surroundings of granite and porphyry, and
the railings or protection of the foundation will be either
of wrought-iron or Dayton stone.

The entire height of the structure from the street to
the crown of the topmost figure (itself seven feet) will
be thirty-two feet and a half.

The entire cost of the fountain will not fall far short
of $100,000. When completed it will be the finest af-
fair of the kind in the United States, and not inferior
to any in Europe.

THE GARDEN OF EDEN.

The avenues have been surveyed, and a force em-
ployed to grade the same. The work has since been
steadily prosecuted, and the avenues now graded wind
along the hill-side, surrounding the reservoir, until,
almost imperceptibly, you are brought to the highest
elevation, where numerous points present themselves,
from which magnificent views of the lake-like reservoir
can be seen, as well as a grand and majestic view of

48 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

the Oliio Eiver, with the picturesque hills of Kentucky
in the distance.

The whole tract now controlled by the city embraces
one hundred and sixty acres. The intention is ulti-
mately to convert it into a great city park, in which
shall be a new and capacious reservoir. For this it is
admirably adapted. The grounds are all within the
city limits, and, when opened, can be reached in fif-
teen minutes from the corner of Fourth and Vine.

It may be remarked that no sites hitherto spoken of
compare with this in point of eligibility and suscepti-
bility of improvement. The great advantages of the
Garden of Eden can be realized only by those who
visit and explore it.

The views from some of the avenues can not be sur-
passed in point of grandeur and sublime effect. Nature
has left very little to be done by the landscape gardener.
The center of the ground is so undulating and diversi-
fied that ample scope will be found by the landscape
engineer to add to the natural interest by here and
there constructing an artificial bridge where the wind-
ings of the path make it necessary to cross some deep
gully or murmuring stream; by the erection of grot-
toes and artificial rock-work, and other devices calcu-
lated to please the visitor. Several fine lakes can be
made, with little expense, by making earth-work dams
across one or more ravines, arranging them at difierent

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 49

elevations, thus making the lake at the highest point
supply those below it. Beautiful cascades will be thus
formed, presenting charming views from the avenues
along either bank. And these lakes, so graceful and
beautiful in the summer, will be no less beautiful in
the winter, when their icy surfaces shall ring with the
steel-clad shoes of the skaters.

The work on the new reservoir was commenced in
1867, and already sewers have been constructed, and
the greater portion of the underground work and foun-
dations has been done.

ACROSS THE RHINE.

The manufacture of lager beer employs an immense
capital in this city. Its consumjotion is annually on
the increase. The product in Cincinnati amounts to
many millions of gallons annually.

Lager beer can be made to advantage only in the
winter season. It is indispensable that it have ample
time to ripen in the cellar before use. There are many
immense cellars, in some of which five hundred thou-
sand gallons of beer can be stowed away. One phase
of German life, and one not uninteresting, can be seen
only in the gardens where lager beer is dispensed in
the summer season. Many of them are thronged dur-
ing the warm evenings.

50 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

GYMNASIUM BUILDING.

Promiuent among the many handsome fronts on Fourth
Street is that occupied by the Gymnasium. This asso-
ciation was organized in 1853, and a successful career
encouraged it to attempt the splendid improvements here
referred to, which were entered March 12, 1869.

The ExERCisrNG Eoom. — This magnificent hall is
about one hundred and twenty feet in length, forty-five
feet wide, and thirty feet high, making one of the most
spacious apartments for the purpose which could have
been selected. Lining the walls, are some two hundred
and twenty-five closets, neatly constructed, for the safe
keeping of the apparel of the members during their
exercises. At the further end of the hall are dressing-
rooms, where the street attire may be changed for the
more convenient habit of the g>-mnast. The arrange-
ments of the apparatus in this vast room are all that
can be desired for bringing into action and fully de-
veloping every muscle of the body. For evening ex-
ercises this hall is lighted from the ceiling by a system
of suspended reflectors of immense size, which throw a
mellow and softened light over the whole room, avoid-
ing shadows, which side-lights sometimes cause. This
experiment has resulted in a grand success, not only
removing one of the chief causes of accidents, and ef-
fecting a pleasing illumination, but attaining, withal,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 51

an economy in the consumption of gas, wliicli is of no
minor importance. The ap^Dointments in other partic-
ulars are in keeping with those already mentioned.
The beautiful marble drinking fountain, and the wash-
room, finished in the highest style of the plumber's art,
are noteworthy.

Eeading Eoom. — After the fatigue of an hour in the
exercising room, there is a charming retreat for a quiet
few moments in glancing over the papers and periodic-
als, of which there is an abundant supply, suited to all
tastes; or, if reading be irksome, chess and checkers
are at hand, and may be indulged in. The reading
room is finished in green. The carpet is a beautiful
Brussels, is of excellent quality, and in its selection
exhibits again that marked taste which the Committee
has shown throughout. The furniture is handsome,
and about the whole there is an attractive and comfort-
able appearance.

Bath Room. — The bath room is about fifty-five feet
long by seventeen wide, and contains a large number
of closets. The baths are of iron, and of the most ap-
proved pattern. These, as well as the platforms, are
raised to prevent the accumulation of dirt, and to secure
an easy access to any part in scrubbing. The painting
is most beautiful and tasteful, the colors blending har-
moniously. The most happy efiect is arrived at. The
toilet, the mirrors, and various accommodations are of

52 THE CITY or CINCINNATI.

the most excellent kind. Warm and cold water is sup-
plied, with showers, etc. The heating apparatus is a
conical furnace, capable of heating a large boiler, con-
taining some fifty barrels of water, in twenty minutes.
In every respect, this important department is perfect.

The Young Men's Gymnastic Association numbers
now over twelve hundred members, which will undoubt-
edly be largely increased. The officers are: A. P. C.
Bonte, President ; J. B. Resor, Vice-President ; L. Nor-
ton, Secretary; William Resor, Jr., Treasurer. The
Directors are Howard Barney and A. W. Whelpley.

HUGHES HIGH SCHOOL.

This is an imposing edifice, in the collegiate Gothic
style of architecture. It is on the south side of Fifth
Street, facing Mound Street, whose southern termina-
tion is immediately opposite. The octagon towers at
the corner give the building a striking and novel effect.
No expense was spared to make it one of the most
perfect of its kind. The internal arrangements are
admirably adapted to the requisites of a school of the
highest order.

LANE SEMINARY,

at Walnut Hills, is described in a subsequent part of
this volume.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 53

WOODWARD HIGH SCHOOL,

on Franklin Street, between Sycamore and Broadway,
is an institution well worth visiting. Under the care
of Professor George W. Harper, who has been for some
years the Principal, this school has not only retained,
but enhanced its ancient reputation.

THE JEWISH TEMPLE,

on the corner of Plum and Eighth Streets, is a point
of great interest to visitors. Its style of architecture is
peculiar and costly, and its internal appointments splen-
did in detail. The building, as is the case with all
similar structures, faces to the west, in conformity to
Hebrew custom. Religious services are held here every
Saturday morning, at 10 o'clock.

KEPPLER'S.

This edifice, owned by Keppler & Brother, is one of
the finest in Cincinnati. It is an elegant freestone front
thirty-eight by one hundred and thirty feet. Their ele-
gant saloon, elaborately furnished, is one of the chief
attractions of the city. Here a substantial meal, or lighter
refreshments, can be obtained, served up in the best
style. Special eiforts are made to provide for the en-
tertainment of ladies. A visit to this will repay any
one. It is one of the fashionable resorts.

54 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

LINCOLN PARK,

on the west side of Freeman, near Clark, is a beautiful
pleasure ground. It is handsomely laid out, and needs
only time to develop into a spot of remarkable attrac-
tions.

THE CITY PARK

is on Plum Street north of Eighth.

HOPKINS PARK

is on the corner of Mt. Auburn Avenue and Saunders
Street.

WASHINGTON PARK,

on the north side of Twelfth, between Eace and Elm,
is the oldest of the public pleasure grounds. It was
formerly the Presbyterian burying-ground of the city.
Its noble trees, beautiful lawns, fountain, and other
beauties, are much enjoyed by the multitudes who fre-
quent it.

LONGVIEW ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE

is situated near Carthage, about six miles from the
city. It is a magnificent structure, and attracts the
notice of every passenger upon the railways entering
the city by the Millcreek valley. The imposing front
of this ediiice and its extent strike the attention of all.
The internal arrangements are admirable, and all its

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 55

appointments constitute it one of the most perfect in-
stitutions of the kind in the country. Dr. 0. M. Lang-
don is the efficient Superintendent and Kesident Physi-
cian, and visitors receive at his hands the utmost
courtesy and attention.

This is a State institution, and is controlled by a
Board of Commissioners appointed by the Governor of
the State.

The edifice is built of brick, and is six hundred and
twelve feet long. It is almost fire-proof. The stairways
are of iron, and the Hoors are laid in cement. There
is an abundant supply of water, and numerous inde-
pendent means of egress in all parts of the house, thus
lessening the danger of loss of life in case of fire. The
upper stories of the wings are devoted mostly to con-
valescents, and contain the amusement and reading
rooms, which are well furnished. The building is lighted
by gas manufactured on the premises, and is heated
partly by hot air and partly by steam. There are over
six hundred apartments in the Asylum. It was com-
pleted in 1860, and cost, in the low prices of that pe-
riod, nearly half a million of dollars.

Its architect was Isaiah Rogers. Extensive pleasure
grounds are well cared for, with a view to the exercise
and recreation of inmates. In 1868, 149 patients were
admitted — 79 males, 70 females. The average number,
430. Expenses for the year, $110,501.21.

56 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

LONGWORTH'S WINE CELLAR.

Of this Mr. Parton says : " One of the established li-
ons of the city ; it cheers the thirsty soul of man. There
Ave had the pleasure of seeing, by a candle's flickering
light, two hundred thousand bottles of wine, and of
walking along subterranean streets lined with huge
tuns, each of them large enough to house a married
Diogenes, or to drown a dozen Dukes of Clarence, and
some of them containing five thousand gallons of the
still unvexed Catawba. It was there that we made the
acquaintance of the ' Golden Wedding ' champagne, an
acquaintance which, we trust, will ripen into an en-
during friendship. If there is any better wine than
this attainable in the present state of existence, it
ought, in consideration of human weakness, to be all
poured into the briny deep."

MARINE HOSPITAL.

This is a substantial, solidly-built edifice, one hun-
dred feet square, on the corner of Lock and Sixth
Streets. The building is thoroughly fire-proof, and has
every facility for the comfort and welfare of its inmates.
Ample verandas extend along the front and sides.

THE MASONIC TEMPLE,

on the north-east corner of Third and Walnut, deserves
special attention. It is in the Byzantine style of archi-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 57

tecture, and fronts one hundred and ninety-five feet on
Third Street by one hundred on Walnut. It is one of
the most magnificent edifices of its kind in the United
States.

In the third story are a Chapter Eoom, Eoyal Select
council room, Banquet Hall, twenty-one by fifty-eight
feet, a Knights Templar's Encampment asylum, and
many other apartments. A part of the fourth story is
devoted to a Grand Lodge room, forty-three by seventy
feet.

MOZART HALL,

on the corner of Vine and Longworth Streets, is a
massive stone building, with an auditorium that will
seat three thousand persons.

THE OHIO MEDICAL COLLEGE,

on Sixth Street, west of Vine, is admirably adapted to
the uses for which it was built. It contains two large
lecture halls, with extensive apartments for museums,
dissection rooms, etc.

PIKE'S OPERA-HOUSE,

on Fourth Street, between Vine and Walnut, is a mag-
nificent structure. The original opera-house was totally
destroyed by fire, in March, 1866. The present edifice
reproduces the front of the first building, but the internal
arrangement is completely changed. It contains one of

58 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

the most beautiful music halls in the United States.
The front is of fine sandstone, wrought in the architec-
tural style of the Elizabethan age, with elaborate em-
blems of the fine arts cut in relief. This block, with the
adjoining buildings, extending from Walnut Street to
Vine, makes one of the most imposing displays of
architecture to be seen in any American city.

THE PASSENGER DEPOTS

of the Atlantic & Great Western, the Cincinnati, Ham-
ilton, & Dayton, and the Indianapolis, Cincinnati, &
Lafayette Eailways are model specimens of architecture.
The first is between Fifth and Sixth Streets, on Hoadly
Street. The last mentioned is entered on Plum Street,
below Third.

QUEEN CITY SKATING RINK,

on Freeman Street, between Laurel and Betts, is a
lively place in the winter ; and at all seasons is a point
of attraction for amusement seekers.

THE UNION SKATING POND

is west of Lincoln Park, and is the scene of hilarious
gayety when Jack Frost is abroad in earnest. In the
milder seasons this is the chief point of interest for the
devotees of base ball.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 59

ST. PAUL'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

This edifice, which, is now in process of erection upon
the corner of Seventh and Smith Streets, will be an or-
nament to the city. The audience room, with the gal-
leries, will accommodate fifteen hundred persons.

ST. XAVIER'S COLLEGE,

on the corner of Sycamore and Seventh Streets, is one
of the noticeable buildings of Cincinnati. It fronts
sixty-six feet on Sycamore Street, and one hundred and
sixty-six- feet on Seventh Street. The institution was
established in 1828, and about ten years afterward it
passed into the control of the Society of Jesus, under
the auspices of which the present structure was erected.
Over the entrance is carved the motto, "Ad majorem
Dei Gloriam." The impression conveyed by this edi-
fice is that of massive grandeur and strength, and a
durability measured only by time itself.

ST. PETER'S CATHEDRAL.

Among church edifices, the most imposing is St. Peter's
(Roman Catholic) Cathedral, which is one of the finest
buildings in the West. It is built of white limestone,
with a stone spire of remarkable symmetry and beauty,
two hundred and fifty feet high, resting on a colonnade

60 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

of Corinthian columns. It was completed in 1853,
about eleven years after its commencement. Here are
to be witnessed all the imposing ceremonials of the
Catholic ritual service. The music of the choir and
splendid organ attracts many visitors.

RAILROAD BRIDGE.

The projected bridge across the Ohio, between But-
ler Street, in this city, and Saratoga Street, in Newport,
will be completed in 1870. It wiU furnish transit for
railway trains, vehicles, and foot passengers.

The structure will be of wrought iron, timber being
used only in the flooring. There will be eight piers
and seven spans.

The following are the oflicers of the Newport and
Cincinnati Bridge Company : President, Alfred Gaither ;
Vice-President, A. S. Berry; Secretary, Charles H.
Kilgour.

Directors : M. J. King, Wm. Eingo, W. H. Clement,
T. G. Gaylord.

SUSPENSION BRIDGE.

This grand achievement of engineering skill is else-
where described. Its execution was due to the genius
of John A. Eoebling, Esq. Its entire cost was about
two million dollars. The entire length is nearly half
a mile. The span is the longest in tbe world. The

60 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

of Corintliian columns. It was completed in 1853,
about eleven years after its commencement. Here are
to be witnessed all the imposing ceremonials of the
Catholic ritual service. The music of the choir and
splendid organ attracts many visitors.

RAILROAD BRIDGE.

The projected bridge across the Ohio, between But-
ler Street, in this city, and Saratoga Street, in Newport,
will be completed in 1870. It will furnish transit for
railway trains, vehicles, and foot passengers.

The structure will be of wrought iron, timber being
used only in the flooring. There will be eight piers
and seven spans.

The following are the officers of the Newport and
Cincinnati Bridge Company : President, Alfred Gaither ;
Vice-President, A. S. Berry; Secretary, Charles H.
Kilgour.

Directors : M. J. King, Wm. Eingo, W. H. Clement,
T. G. Gaylord.

SUSPENSION BRIDGE.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 61

rate of toll for foot passengers is three cents; for a
horse and carriage, fifteen cents.

SCIENCE AND BACON.

The visitor to Cincinnati in the winter season will
be interested in the various processes of pork-packing.
It is quite a sight to witness the rapid disposition of
the huge animal at the hands of skilled workmen. The
following description is given of the process after the
slaughtered hog is delivered on the cutting-table : " Two
simultaneous blows with a cleaver sever his head and
his hind-quarters from the trunk, and the subdivision
of these is accomplished by three or four masterly
cuts with the same instrument. Near the table are the
open mouths of as many large wooden pipes as there
are kinds of pieces in a hog ; and these lead to the
various apartments below, where the several pieces are
to be further dealt with. Away they start on their
journey, and thus in twenty seconds the six hundred
pounder has been cut to pieces and duly distributed."
The pork business of Cincinnati is enormous, and is
the source of great wealth.

TOUR TO THE MAMMOTH CAVE.

A brief allusion to the Mammoth Cave may not be
out of place here. No tourist to the West should fail of
visiting this wonder of the world. It is situated in Ed-

62 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

inondson County, Kentucky, ninety miles south of Louis-
ville. A stage ride of ten miles from Cave City, which is
nine hours' ride from Cincinnati, on the Louisville and
Nashville Railroad, brings one to the Mammoth Cave.
It is within half a mile of Green River. The cave is
dry and exceedingly conducive to health. The most
timid need not fear to enter it. It is visited by many
invalids for the purpose of inhaling its air. The uni-
form temperature in the cave the year round is 59°. It
has been explored ten miles in an advancing line, and
probably over fifty miles, including the lateral branches
of its avenues.

So bracing is the air and exciting the novelty of the
trip, that even ladies accomplish the eighteen miles
without fatigue.

No description can do justice to the beauty and
grandeur of this most wonderful cavern of the globe,
with its avenues, domes, cataracts, rivers, immense
chambers, and beautiful calcareous formations.

WATER WORKS,

on East Front Street, near Little Miami Depot. Few
persons who have not visited these works have a cor-
rect idea of their magnitude. The capacity of the pres-
ent reservoir is five millions of gallons. The quantity
required for the city daily is about eight millions. Thus,
it will be seen that the supply has to be replenished

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 63

nearly twice each day. To furnish this the ponderous
engine is but leisurely at work, its pumping capacity
being eighteen millions of gallons each twenty-four
hours. A clearer idea of the immense power of this
machinery may be obtained by reflecting that, at each
revolution, it lifts two thousand gallons of water, making,
at present speed, six thousand gallons per minute, while
it has the capacity of lifting sixteen thousand gallons.

CINCINNATI WESLEYAN FEMALE COLLEGE.

From "The Ladies' Repository" are taken the follow-
ing items relative to this noble institution. It is located
on Wesley Avenue, between Court and Clark Streets :

The foundations of the College were laid in the sum-
mer of 1867, and on the 26th of September an immense
congregation assembled on the grounds to witness the
laying of the corner-stone, and the dedication of the
new grounds and uprising buildings.

No description could give a better idea of the ele-
gant, commodious, and durable structure than is given
by the engraving. Its internal arrangements and finish
are in keeping with its external appearance, and in its
adaptations to all the purposes of a female college, both
for the residence and for the instruction of the pupils
it would be difficult to conceive any thing more perfect.
It is claimed that the Wesleyan Female College, of

64 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Cincinnati, was the first institution in tlie land, for fe-
males, bearing the high privileges conferred by a college
charter. Among its founders were Bishop Morris, L. L.
Hamline, Charles Elliott, J. L. Grover, G. C. Crum,
W. H. Lawder, Adam Miller, William Nast, T. Harri-
son, L. Swormstedt, J. P. Kilbreth, and "William Herr.
They were wisely directed in the selection of a first Pres-
ident. Eev. Perlee B, Wilber was chosen, and for sev-
enteen years, with the assistance of his estimable and
efficient wife, most energetically and successfully con-
ducted the educational interests of the institution. But
few teachers succeed in so thoroughly impressing them-
selves upon the minds and hearts of their pupils as did
Mr. Wilber. His name is yet fragrant among the Alum-
nae, and his power and influence are yet felt in the des-
tinies of the institution.

In 1859, Mr. Wilber died, and was succeeded by Rev.
Eobert Allyn, D. D. He was followed by Eev. E. S. Eust,
D. D., who for three years energetically, and with in-
creasing patronage and prosperity, conducted the insti-
tution till it became necessary to retire from the old
college buildings, and to suspend the school till the
erection of the new college.

YELLOW SPRINGS

may deserve a mention here. It is seventy-four miles
north-east of Cincinnati, and is thus easily accessible by

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 65

rail. Here is located Antioch College, which is in-
timately associated with the memory of Horace Mann.
Adjoining the college plat, on the east, is a highly
romantic and pictnresque ravine, affording all the scenic
variety of overhanging cliffs, waterfalls, isolated rocks,
and numerous gushing springs, deeply embowered, and
climbing vines, and clustering evergreens, threaded with
varied walks, and inviting to their cooling shade. Yel-
low Spring is about half a mile north-east of the col-
lege. It discharges from a crevice in a limestone rock
over one hundred gallons of water per minute.

In the neighborhood is an enchanting spot called
Clifton, which affords some of the most beautiful scen-
ery in the West. Here the Little Miami River, in the
course of a few miles, falls two hundred feet. These
falls have cut a narrow channel, to a great depth,
through solid rocks of limestone. The banks are cov-
ered with hemlock, cedar, and other evergreens.

There are excellent hotels at Yellow Springs, and, in
the summer season, no place in the country is more
worthy of a visit. The Neff House is well known.

PALACES OF TRADE.

A tour among the notable places of the city will com-
prise the magnificent retail stores of Cincinnati. These
are, with some exceptions, on Fourth Street, west of
Main. Shillito's, Hopkins', DeLand's, Boutillier's,

66 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Lewis & Livingston's, and Wilson's establishments will
display a profusion of fabrics which are the peculiar
delight of womankind. The rich treasures of art will
meet the eye at Bonte's and Wiswell's, where can always
be seen productions of Cincinnati artists, who have a
national reputation. At McGrew's, Duhme's, Smith's,
and Owen's, are ranged in all their tempting beauty and
costly array, the fascinations of the jeweler's art.

Leininger & Buhr, and the St. Nicholas, are ever
ready to cater to the appetite of the hungry tourist.

The principal carriage stand is on Vine Street, south
of Fourth. The banks of the city open at nine o'clock
and close at three. At the end of this volume will be
found the routes of horse-cars and other information of
use to the stranger.

CHAPTER IV.

Cincinnati and its Future ; its Growth, Industry,
Commerce, and Education.

?k!^1?'ATUKE has given Cincinnati a situation which is
(^l* at once beautiful and attractive. If one should
in imagination go back eighty years, and stand on
the site of old Fort Washington, he would see the Ohio
flowing gently through an amphitheater surrounded by
hills. This amphitheater is a broad, expanded plain,
which the Ohio enters on the north-east and passes out
on the south-west. This natural plain is about twelve
miles in circumference, and is almost exactly bisected
by the river. Looking up from this plain, the hills
seemed to bound the horizon on every side ; but they
are only apparently hills — hills really to the plain be-
low, from which they rise rather abruptly, but, in fact,
only on the level with the great interior plain which
descends from the lakes of the North to the Valley of
the Ohio. This great interior plain is cut through by
the river; and this is a great advantage to Cincinnati,
for on every side there are interior valleys which make
the outlets of its internal line of commerce. Opposite

68 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

is the mouth of the Licking ; on the sides are the two
Miamis ; on the south of the present city is Millcreek ;
through a ravine at the north runs Deer Creek; and
thus the circling hills were pierced by nature, as if for
the very purpose of opening out those lines of commerce
which were to make the arteries of a great inland city,
and which, as they interlocked to the north, made nu-
merous summits and vales — the future sites of palaces
and gardens. Looking from the plain at the suri-ound-
ing hills, they present none of the gloomy or rugged
aspects of Alpine grandeur ; on the contrary, they are
soft, and beautiful, and picturesque. Nature presented
neither the sublime nor the monotonous, but formed the
gentle and diversified hills to represent the temperate
clime, the genial soil, and the well-watered land of this
bright and fruitful region. At the time we spoke of,
the flag of Fort Washington was floating gracefully in
the western breeze, but all around were the native for-
ests. An old Indian chief said that he had often looked
down from the eastern hill (where the Observatory now
is) to see what the white people were doing in the fort.
Soon the red man cast his last look upon the Ohio;
the fort, the Indian, and the forest disappeared to-
gether; civilization came with its burning force, de-
stroying the natural face of creation, but instituting
new features and elements, growing by the vigor of
new forces, and presenting new forms of beauty.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 6&

We shall uot trace the history of Cincinnati, but pro-
ceed to inquire what right it had to be a great city —
what its growth has been— and what prospects it has
in the future. Wliy did Cincinnati grow so rapidly?
what are its elements of growth? and why should it
not grow with renewed vigor ? These questions involve
an analysis of what the city is, and what it may be — an
analysis which may be useful to both the citizen and
the coming immigrant.

1. The first element in the success of Cincinnati which
is permanent, and, without a revolution in nature, must
forever continue, is its position. Perhaps no city was
ever more fortunate in this particular. Cincinnati is
central to the Ohio Valley. From the junction of the
Monongahela with the Alleghany (which is the real
Ohio) to the Mississippi is nine hundred and sixty miles.
From Lake Erie to the sources of the Kanawha and the
Tennessee (in Virginia and North Carolina) is five hun-
dred miles. The average breadth of the valley is three
hundred miles. Taking from this a strip on the lakes,
and the district immediately round Pittsburgh and
Wheeling, and there is remaining a country of two hun-
dred thousand square miles in surface watered by the
Ohio and its great tributaries, and fruitful with every
product, of which Cincinnati is the geographical center,
and to which all its products and resources must tend.
It is thus by nature made a great central mart of trade

70 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

and industry. Situated one thousand five hundred
miles from the ocean, it is yet connected by navigable
waters, not only with the ocean, but with that immense
interior river coast, which runs interlacing the whole
country from the Eocky Mountains to the Alleghanies.
Vast as is this great region, if it had been like the
steppes of Asia or the plains of Africa, Cincinnati
might yet have failed of greatness, but the Valley of the
Ohio is the very garden of nature. There is no need
of recounting its resources ; for every traveler who de-
scends the Ohio sees in the smiling vales and forest-
crowned hills the evidences of great natural wealth.
Nor need we recite how, in the bosom of the hills and
under the saudstones of the valley, there lie those in-
exhaustible beds of mineral riches which may employ
the industry of men through future ages. The geolo-
gist describes them, the miner digs them, and the cun-
ning artificer in the work-shops of Cincinnati employs
them in all the forms and purposes which civilized
man demands.

We may answer now the question, What right had
Cincinnati to be a great city ? It was like the right of
man to use his faculties. God gave to this position
and these resources not only the right, but the neces-
sity of creating a city which must be one of great
magnitude and power. It is true, this city might have
been a few miles above or below its present site, but

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 71

even that is doubtful ; for it was attempted to found
the city at both Columbia and North Bend, but the
attempts failed ; and the city seems to have been built
here almost by a decree of Providence. At any rate, so
far. Providence has favored both the sagacity and the in-
dustry which have here raised up the Queen of the West.
Such were the advantages of Cincinnati by its natural
position and resources, and we shall now see how it
grew, and what is its present magnitude and strength.
Here the first element is its growth in population. How-
ever great the riches of nature, it is Man which brings
them out and makes them useful. To Man, then, we
must look as the artificer of cities. The growth of Cin-
cinnati was for many years extraordinary, but in the
last ten years has been slower. The same temjiorary
lull in activity and growth has happened to all cities at
the same jDcriod in city life. It hapi)ened to New York
and to Philadelphia, and, of itself, means nothing, but
the very obvious fact that in cities, as in men, the vigor
of youth can not always be kept up at the same rate.
But the great question is, whether, like New York and
other great cities of the world, its vigor shall revive
after this period, and its growth be continued in pro-
portion to the extent and resources of the magnificent
country of which it is the center? That question we
shall consider; but, first, we must see what its growth
has been, and what it is.

72 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

The growth of population may be shown in two
simple tables — one its actual growth, and the other its
growth compared with other cities :

In 1810, 2,320

lu 1820, 9,602

In 1826, 16,230

In 1830 24,831

In 1810, 46,382 Increase, 85 per cent.

In 1850, 115,436 " 150 "

In 1860, 161,044 " 39.51 "

In 1809, 230,000 " 43 "

In the last line is included the northern suburb,
which is now as much a part of the city as any ward in
it. The population, by the census of 1870, will proba-
bly show an increase of forty-five per cent., and be an
increase in the preceding ratio.

The following table will show the increase of New
York and Philadelphia at the same period of their growth,
beginning with one hundred thousand inhabitants;
thus :

New York. Philadelphia.

In 1820, .... 123,706 In 1820 137,097

In 1830, .... 202,581 In 1830 188,961

In 1840, . . . .312,710 In 1840, 258,037

It will be seen that from 1820 to 1830, New York in-
creased sixty-three per cent., and from 1830 to 1840, but
fifty-four per cent — but little more than the ratio of
increase in Cincinnati since 1850. Philadelphia in-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 73

creased, from 1820 to 1830, thirty-nine per cent., and
from 1830 to 1840, but thirty-seven per cent. Thus,
Philadelphia increased, at the same period of its growth,
less than Cincinnati has in the last twenty years; yet
New York has one million of inhabitants, and Phila-
delphia has seven hundred thousand. This fact proves
that great cities grow, not by sudden and temporary
causes, but by the continual development of their
natural resources.

The original elements of population in Cincinnati
were chiefly from New Jersey and Pennsylvania, a
people remarkable for thrift and industry. A few families
of Germans came out, and settled at an early period,
and were among the best class of citizens. But the
German immigration did not come in very strongly
till 1830 ; but from that time till 1860, the German cur-
rent has set toward this city with great force. The pro-
poi'tion of this element to the whole population may
be seen in the following table taken from the census :

Citizens of German birth in 1830, .... 5 per cent.

" " " " " 1840, .... 28 " "

" " " " " 1850, .... 27 " "

" " " " " 18G0, .... 30 " "

It will be seen that the German citizens continue in
nearly the same proportion, a little more than one-fourth
the whole number. In 1860, there were one hundred
and sixty-one thousand and forty-four persons within

74 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

the city limits, and it may be curious to see in what
manner, as to nationalities, they were composed. The
proportions were as follows :

Americans, 87,430, 54 per cent.

Germans, 48,931, 30 " "

Ireland 19,375, 12 " "

All other foreigners, . . . 5,308, 4 " "

Now, in 1869, the proportion of nationalities has not
materially changed. The Germans are still next to the
Americans in number and weight. Of native Ameri-*
cans, three-fourths are natives of Ohio, showing that
the native population is rapidly rising up, and the period
is not remote when the population of Ohio will be nearly
homogeneous. The children of Germans and Irish are
born here, and soon outnumber the natives of Europe.
It may be remarked, that one-fourth the whole foreign
born population of Ohio is in Cincinnati ; showing that
relatively much the larger proportion of foreign born
people go into the towns. The reason of this is, that
the rural population of Europe emigrate much less
than the artisans and laborers, and the latter seek the
towns for employment. The effect of this upon Cin-
cinnati has been decided and favorable. The German
population contains many mechanics and artisans whose
skill and industry increase the thrift and wealth of the
city. This brings us to another element of society, the
OCCUPATION of people. The census of 1860, showed

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 75

that there were in Cincinnati three hundred and
FORTY (340) different occupations. Of these, two hundred
and thirty were mechanic's, artisans, and manufacturers.
This simple fact speaks volumes for the industry of the
city, and shows the real foundation of its prosperity.
Almost every conceivable human art is carried on here ;
and this is a conclusive evidence of the great advan-
tage to artisans and manufacturers, settling in Cincin-
nati. For it is a settled principle, proved by much ex-
perience, that it is a great help for all kinds of artisans
to be where there is a great variety of arts carried on,
because there are all the material and workmen which
are necessary to aid and cany on every branch of arts or
manufactures. Beyond doubt, this has been one reason
why so many workmen and mechanics of all kinds have
actually come to Cincinnati for the last twenty years.

In this respect there has been both cause and effect,
for an examination of the occupations in Cincinnati for
the period between 1850 and 1860, shows that in ten
years there was an actual increase oi fifty kinds of occu-
pations which did not exist before. In 1860, there were
twenty more occupations in Cincinnati than in Chi-
cago, and fifty more than in the State of Indiana. The
tendency of these facts is to make Cincinnati the great
central market and distributor for the whole Valley of
Ohio, and to make it what Paris is remarkable for, the
great emporium of all kinds of arts needed, used, and dis-

76 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

tributed throiigli a great empire. The United States is
now of imperial dimensions ; but what the United States
now is, the Ohio Valley alone will be in a few years.

Having now glanced at the number, composition, and
occupations of the people of Cincinnati, let us look
at the products of their industry. In that must at
last be found the sources of wealth and prosperity.
A city does not feed itself. It must go outside of itself ■
to find bread, and therefore must have something to
exchange for it, and what is above this constitutes its
increasing wealth. What it exchanges for food must
necessarily be the products of its industry. While the
commissions on merchandise imported may be large
and prdfitable, making many engaged in commercial
business wealthy, the great body of the people can pros-
per only by the results of industiy. This is true even
of the City of New York, the most commercial city in
the country. We have seen that Cincinnati is remark-
able for the variety of its occupations and arts; let us
see what they have produced.

2. The second element of Cincinnati is its industry ;
and the progress of industry, represented in money
values, may be thus expressed :

In 1840, value of products, 817,432,670

In 1850, " " 50,000,000

In 1860, " " 56,000,000

In 1809, esUmated, 60,000,000

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 77

These results are, no doubt, very imperfect, because
all canvasses of the manufacturing elements of the
country are imperfect, from the want of a proper skill
and discrimination in taking them. But the above
totals are sufficiently near for the purpose of comparison.
If it be asked why there was so moderate an advance in
the last few years on the production of 1850, it may be
answered, that four or five years of war, by draining
off able-bodied men, actually diminished the products
of manufactures ; and it may be added, that for three
or four years prior to the war, the continual agitation
and ill-feeling had diminished the demand in the South-
west for the products of Cincinnati. These causes have
all ceased, and a new era is opening for the industry of
this city.

The main branches of productive industry in Cin-
cinnati are very nearly as follows:

Iron, of all kinds 85,500,000

Furniture, of all kinds, 1,700,000

Meats, of all kinds, 9,000,000

Clothing, of all kinds, 4,500,000

Liquors, of all kinds, 4,500,000

Soap and Candles, 1,500,000

Oils, Lards, Resins, etc., 3,000,000

Mills, of all sorts, • . . 2,000,000

These are only approximations, but are suflSciently
near to show what are the great branches of manu-

78 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

facturing industry in Cincinnati. The export of these
products is mainly to the South and West, and, it is
quite obvious, must increase in proportion as popula-
tion is increased in those directions. The pacification
of the country, the restoration of confidence, and the
rapid extension of population, are all in favor of the
manufacturing industry of Cincinnati. In the year
1860, the relative industry of the Western cities was
as follows, taking the counties in which they lie as the
projier rule of comparison :

Alleghany County (Pittsburgh),
Cook County (Chicago), . . .
St. Louis County (St. Louis), .
Jefferson County (Louisville),
Hamilton County (Cincinnati),

826,563,379
13,.55.5,671
27,610,070
14,135,517
46,995,062

It will be seen that, nine years ago, the products of
industry in Cincinnati were several million dollars in
value greater than those of Chicago and St. Louis put
together, and greater than those of St. Louis and Lou-
isville put together. No doubt, these proportions have
considerably changed since 1860, Chicago having grown
greatly, and Louisville being prosperous ; but it is plain
that, as a manufacturing place, Cincinnati is much su-
perior to any other W^estern city. It is also superior
in manufactures to any city of the United States, ex-
cept New York and Philadelphia. Perhaps no fact can
better prove the great advantage of Cincinnati for arti-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 79

sans and laborers ; for, unless this large class of citizens
felt themselves well off and prosperous, no such advance
in industry by so young a town could possibly be made ;
and unless there were extensive and profitable markets for
the products, the manufacturers could not sustain them-
selves. But here, in this center of the Ohio Valley, there
is cheap food, abundant material, and markets for the
products, extending through the immense region from
Central Ohio to Northern Alabama, and from the Alle-
ghanies to the Eocky Mountains. It is not strange,
therefore, that so many kinds of arts and manufactures
should have risen up here, nor that they will continue
to extend till this great and fertile region shall be filled
with people, and its towns glow with the industry of
untold millions.

3. With industry comes commerce. Commerce is
the creation of labor, for there must be something to
exchange before any thing can be got. A city, how-
ever, filled with arts and manufactures need not be con-
fined to its own productions. On the contrary, what the
country produces must come to the city for a market, and
the country must there buy what it needs. The city,
therefore, in addition to the actual production of its
citizens and workmen, is also the exchange for the
commerce of both producers and consumers. Cincin-
nati is the great exchange for the whole Ohio Valley,
and has grown as largely in commerce as it has in

80 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

industry. The annual reports of the Chamber of Com-
merce, compiled with great care, show this fact in vivid
colors. The value of the principal articles of imports
and exports for the period from 1854 to 1864, were :

Imports.

Exports.

Total.

In 1855,

value of 867,095,741

138,777,394

$105,873,135

In 1860,

" " 103,347,216

77,037,188

180,384,406

In 1864,

" " 389,790,537

239,079,825

628,860,362

The average value of gold in 1863-4 was 55 premi-
um; so that the aggregate value of imports and ex-
ports in that year when reduced to gold was $314,430,-
181. The proportional value of 1855, 1860, and 1864,
were represented, respectively, as 105, 180, and 314.
Thus, in ten years the aggregate commerce of Cincin-
nati has increased 200 per cent. This may have been
exceeded in ratio by new and small towns, but no large
city in the country increased at a greater rate in the
same period of time. This rate of increase was three
times that of population in the same period; and hence,
as we shall presently see, an equal growth in the wealth
and resources of the city. It proves, in fact, that the
citizens of Cincinnati had in that time been prosperous,
and increased largely in capital and in the profits of
trade, as well as in numbers. From 1860 to 1865, the
war actually reduced the commerce of Cincinnati in
many things; but, on the other hand, a great deal of
new business sprung up to supply this deficiency. The

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. iBl

trade in tobacco increased tenfold; that in coal, salt,
leather, and wood doubled ; in boots and shoes trebled,
while the general trade in dry goods increased also.
These facts proA^e, that so great were the resources of
Cincinnati in the productive countiy around it, that
even the depressing effects of the war on a border city —
from which commerce on one side was nearly cut off —
could not arrest its progress. In the whole loyal coun-
try no town was as liable to damage, commercially, as
Cincinnati. It was damaged by the war, but has since
recovered rapidly, and its commerce has expanded
with a natural and healthy vigor. If we inquire in
what directions the trade of this city extends, we shall
not be restricted to the mere commerce of the Ohio
and the Mississippi, whose interior coasts extend tens
of thousands of miles, but Ave find even its small prod-
ucts passing over half the globe to reach the remote
nations of Europe and of Asia. Its crackers have been
exported to China and its candies to Greece. It is on
the Atlantic coast where most of its vast exports of
breadstuffs and provisions may be found. Its largest
export trade has been Avith New Orleans, Memphis, and
other Southern ports, Avhence its products are distributed
through the entire South. By the Avay of Baltimore
it finds access to the coasts of Virginia and the Caro-
linas, Avhere the hams and the flour of the Miami Valley
are consumed by thousands, wdth Avhom Cincinnati has.
6

82 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

as yet, no railroad connection. This fact is suggestive
of what may be done hereafter to extend the direct
commerce of Cincinnati to the whole Southern coast.

The manufactured articles of Cincinnati go chiefly to
the West and South-west ; in other words, to the new
settlements, where furniture, stoves, candles, and articles
necessary to the comfort of a household are chiefly
needed. Among these articles is the home itself; for
one of the curiosities of Cincinnati is the making and
exportation of houses by wholesale for the new farms
and towns of the great valley. Far down the Missis-
sippi, over the plains of Kansas, and on the waters of the
Missouri, the Cincinnati manufacturer has put up whole
houses, every joint and floor of which have been sav/ed,
planed, and grooved in Cincinnati. In the same
regions, the mills, the plows, the machinery necessary
to carry on agricultural life have been made in this
city. Resources of industry and commerce like these
can not be limited^ by competition, or exhausted in
growth till, in some future age, the country shall
be like China, filled with its hundreds of millions of
people.

4. If industry creates commerce, so commerce must
be carried on by Lii^fES or inteecommtjnication with
all parts of the country. Cincinnati was early to see
the need of these. It is now forty years since the
Miami Canal was made. At that time canals were all

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 83

the' rage, and Ohio made more than four hundred
miles of canal, and the benefits expected from them
have been fully realized. Cities, towns, villages, and
cultivation have sprung up in their course, and even
now, with all the prodigious competition of railroads,
the canals carry an immense amount of produce and
merchandise. The Miami Canal, which was then only
intended to reach Dayton, has since been extended to
Toledo, and connects with the whole lake region.

Soon after the completion of the canals, the farmers
became intent on turnpikes ; for no sooner was a great
and easy artery to the city made, than the necessity of
turnpikes to communicate with it became evident. Cin-
cinnati engaged heartily in it, and there is now no dis-
trict of country better supplied with good roads than
is the Miami Valley. The twelve counties composing
the Valley have now one thousand five hundred miles
of turnpike and plank roads, all of which tend directly
or indirectly to this city. These, with the common
farm roads, make more than six thousand miles of
roads, by which the farm produce of this fertile region
is carried off to its great markets.

More than thirty years ago, when the Baltimore Eail-
road had been completed to Frederick, the subject of
railroads was agitated in Cincinnati, and promptly was
the work begun. The Little Miami Eailroad was the
first made, but was soon followed by the Hamilton and

84 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Dayton, by the Indianapolis, by the Covington, and by
the Ohio and Mississipjii, till now there is no city — and
we speak advisedly — which has more or more extended
railroad communications than Cincinnati. It is cus-
tomary with Chicago, St. Louis, and Philadelphia to
speak of their railroad lines which enter the city as
theirs, although they may extend across half the con-
tinent. In one sense this is correct, for if a railroad
enter Cincinnati from the East, and another from the
West, and both connect with other lines over the con-
tinent, bringing freight and passengers from town to
town, those lines may fairly be said to belong to that
city as much as to any other. A line which connects
Cincinnati with Chicago belongs as much to one as it
does to the other ; and a line which goes directly to the
Atlantic cities belongs as much to this city as to New
York and Philadelphia. If this were the rule of cal-
culation, Cincinnati, being entirely central, would have
the advantage over either. But to give a correct and
proper view of the railroad system of Cincinnati, we
will give two tables of railroad distance, one bound by
State lines, and the other of direct continuous lines
centering here, and terminating in other large cities.
The city of Cincinnati is central to three States — Ohio,
Indiana, and Kentucky. There is no large city in either
of them to compete with it except Louisville, which is not
half its size, and competes but little with its commerce.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 85

This being the case, we may very properly take the rail-
roads of these States as being centralized at Cincinnati
and connected rather with it than with any other place.
The following table presents the number and the length
of railroads in these three States, viz. :

NO. MILES.

Ohio, 36, 3,500

Indiana, 14, 2,500

Kentucky, 5, 700

Railroads 55, 6,700

Here are over six thousand miles of railroad in the
three States, whose central city is Cincinnati. The two
States of Ohio and Indiana have a mile of railroad to
every fourteen square miles of surface, an amount which
is not equaled on any equal surfece in the United
States. When we consider the newness of the country,
and the small amount of active capital compared with
older States and countries, this is an extraordinary re-
sult, and sufficient to show that Cincinnati has now in-
ternal communications enough to drain every pound of
surplus products in the region tributary to herself on
the north side of the Ohio. But when we look south
of the Ohio, we see comparatively a blank. The whole
State of Kentucky has only about seven hundred miles
of railroad, of which only two hundred are really tribu-
tary to Cincinnati. In the one hundred thousand

86 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

square miles of territory south of the Ohio, whose whole
trade must hereafter come to this city, extending to the
mountains of North Carolina, there are only five hun-
dred miles of railroad, four-fifths of which does not
touch Cincinnati, This is a region, too, rich in all the
resources of nature, and it is perfectly certain that these
resources must soon be developed by the energy of en-
terprise and the power of capital. For half a century
the idea, rather than the reality, of slavery (which ex-
isted only to a small extent) prevented men and capital
from going where that shadow continued to rest. But
now it is gone, and nothing can prevent that flow of
people and energy which heretofore went only West,
but will now pass the Ohio, and develop the rich re-
gions of the South.

In order, however, to look at the railroad connections
of Cincinnati in another j)oint of view, yet which con-
nects it with other cities, we give a table of direct lines

to them:

Lines. Miles.

To Baltimore, 2 840

To Philadelphia, 1 668

To New York, 2 1705

To Toledo, 1 202

To Chicago, 2 650

To St. Louis, 2 717

To Louisville 1 105

To LexiDgton, 1 100

12 4,987

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 87

There are five thousand miles of railroad on the di-
rect LINES to the principal cities, and which, with
their lateral branches, will make an aggregate of at
least seven thousand miles. To Baltimore the routes
are by Wheeling and Parkersburg; to New York, by
the Central and the Erie ; to St. Louis, by Vincennes
and by Terre Haute. The direct railroad lines to each
of these cities are respectively :

Miles.

To Baltimore, 506

To Philadelphia, 668

To New York, 764

To Chicago, 294

To St. Louis, 340

To Louisville, 105

It will be seen that the shortest line of railroad to
tidewater is to Baltimore ; but the distance to Norfolk
and Charleston, on the Atlantic, is no more than to
Baltimore, while that city is one hundred and fifty
miles from the ocean. It is apparent, therefore, that if
a direct Southern line is made to either Norfolk or
Charleston, it will command the Atlantic freight from
Cincinnati to Europe.

The summary of the facts above presented, in regard
to the commercial intercommunication of Cincinnati,
exhibits some extraordinary results in the narrow
Valley of the Miami, all of which is tributary to Cin-
cinnati. There are :

88 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Mixes.

Canals, 100

Turnpikes, 1,600

Common Roads, 4,500

Railroads, 500

In the three States tributary to this city, there are
six thousand seven hundred miles of railroad, and in the
direct lines centering in the city there are five thousand
miles. We have not the means of comj^aring this ex-
hibit with the best districts of Europe, but it exceeds
any thing to be found in an equal space of this country.
Chicago is probably the nearest ; but the three States of
Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin have not yet exceeded
Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky in railroads. All New
England and New York do not exceed, in miles of rail-
road, the three States which lie around Cincinnati.
But we need not proceed with these comparisons. It
is evident that the broad plains and fertile vales, the
inexhaustible beds of iron and coal, and the now fast-
accumulating capital of cities and towns, will cause and
compel, in all time to come, the largest amount of in-
tercommunication which can belong to any great com-
mercial center.

5. Where industry, commerce, fertile lands, and nu-
merous lines of communication exist together, indi-
vidual PROPERTY and AGGREGATE WEALTH mUSt grOW

and accumulate. Let us, for a moment, see how Cin-
cinnati stands in regard to wealth. The assessed values

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 89

of property are never accurate, and always below the
true values ; but these assessments serve very well for a
comparison, and to show the growth of capital by the
gradual accumulations of industry and commerce. The
following table shows the valuations of property in
Hamilton County (in which Cincinnati is) for a series
of years :

Value of all property in 1841, 810,760,494

Value of all property in 1850, 55,670,631

Value of all property in 1860, 119,.508,170

Valueofallproperty in 1869, 166,945,497

These statements are taken from the Annual Eeport
of the Auditor of State, and are sufBciently accurate to
show the progress of the city in wealth and capital.
From 1850 to 1869, the value of property increased
threefold, and, in the past nine years, thirty-two per
cent. The main increase is in money, merchandise,
banks, and manufactures. These have, in nine years,
increased nearly forty millions of dollars. This proves
that Cincinnati is now passing through the same change,
in the kind and growth of its wealth, which New York
and Philadelphia passed through at the same period of
their growth. In the first period of building up a con-
siderable city, all the accumulations of capital go into
real estate and manufactures, so that there is a defi-
ciency of commercial capital; but, after this, when
cities become self-sustaining, commercial and banking

90 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

capital is increased, and the valuations form a much
larger proportion of money, merchandise, and stocks.
This i^eriod, New York passed through thirty years
ago, and Cincinnati is going through now. With the
increase of capital, comes also more frequent sales of
property, more loans, and more building. This may
be seen in two lines, exhibiting the deeds made, the
money loaned on property, and the new buildings in
the years 1859 and 1867 — the one before the war, and
the other since, and showing the change in eight years :

1859. 1867.

Deeds, 4,560 6,697

Money on Mortgages, . . $6,642,225 812,739,512

New Buildings, .... 683 1,372

Perhaps nothing can show the true condition and prog-
ress of Cincinnati better than this table. It shows that,
just previous to the war, the progress of this city had
been much checked, but that, since, its former growth
has recommenced. There is now more building and
more sales of real property than has been known for
many years.

6. With new buildings and new growth, there comes
the need of public impeovements, and, accordingly,
the public mind, which lias only recently thought of
Cincinnati as something more than a mere inland
town, has been quickened and excited with the idea of
public works which may adorn and improve the true

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 91

metropolis of the West. It is but a short time since
was completed, by an incorporated company, the most
magnificent suspension bridge in the world. When
the bridge at Niagara was built, it was considered one
of those extraordinary things which could hardly be
equaled; but the Cincinnati bridge surpasses that. It
spans the entire River Ohio, and, at the height of
one hundred feet in the air, admits the passage of the
largest steamboats. Another bridge over the Licking
unites Newport and Covington ; so that now the Queen
City and her Kentucky daughters sit in a united, com- .
pact, and graceful circle on the waters of the Ohio, and
in the splendid amphitheater which nature has provided
for them.

The bridging of the Ohio, being thus commenced, is not
to end with this. It is now certain that every great arte-
rial line of railroad passing from the great lakes of the
North to the Southern sea-board must, to be successful,
cross the Ohio on bridges; accordingly, the Baltimore
and Ohio Road is building one at Parkersburg; and
so, also, the great roads which connect New York and
Philadelphia with Cincinnati seek to bridge the river,
that they may connect fully with the line now, or here-
after to be, made from this city to the South. The
bridge from Newport to this city, which is understood
to be in the interest of the Pennsylvania Railroad, is
begun, and will progress to completion. The roads ter-

92 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

minating iu the west of the city have a charter, and
anticipate building a bridge below. Thus, it takes no
great imagination to see that cities on both sides of the
Ohio, united by bridges and streets, will seem to be one
harmonious whole.

With the bridges comes also a vision of parks and
avenues. The city council have already authorized
and laid out three great avenues, corresponding to the
natural outlets of the city ; and as the city climbs the
hills and extends into what were once mere rural
shades, these avenues will also ascend the furthest sum-
mits, and unite the i^leasures of the country with those
of the city. The street car, that most convenient of mod-
ern inventions, will go with them. But there will still
be needed also great breathing places — parks ; and parks
the people will have, although no great progress is made
yet. On the east of the city, near the hill where the
old Indian chief looked down on the garrison of Fort
Washington, the city has a large piece of ground called
Eden Park. There the new water reservoirs are to be
placed ; and when such a park shall be filled with water,
trees, and shrubbery, and one shall look down on this
vast city, and follow with the eye the winding Ohio, it
can not be said that Cincinnati is without one of the
most beautiful walks and gardens which natural beauty
or artistic skill has produced for any city. Other parks
and other adornments will come with time, and the

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 93

cliarms of nature be enhanced by the improvements of
man.

7. With all this growth of industry, commerce, and
material improvement, Cincinnati has never forgotten
that mind is superior to matter, and that to educate the
people is the highest obligation of a civilized commu-
nity. Hence, from the very beginning, means have
been taken to promote popular education, till now,
every child in the city can be educated in the most prac-
tical branches of knowledge; and, by the sagacity and
liberality of individuals, means have been provided for
the foundations of the highest institutions of learning.
A brief outline of the schools, seminaries, and colleges
of Cincinnati will serve the purpose of tliis general
description.

At the basis of education in this city are the public
SCHOOLS. To these all youth, between the ages of five
and twenty-one, haveaccess. According to the law of pro-
portions, established by the censuses, this comprehends
thirty-nine per cent, of the whole population, and at the
present time gives ninety thousand seven hundred youth
within the legal age entitled to public instruction. Of
these only about twenty-five thousand are in the schools
at any one time; but ten thousand others are in the
parochial and private schools — making in all thirty-five
thousand at one period in course of education. Some
persons have compared this with the whole number

94 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

entitled by law to attend the schools, and hence in-
ferred that there must be great numbers of children who
do not attend school at all, but this is a great mistake.
The children of the poor and working classes, which
are the greatest number, are withdrawn from school
at not more than twelve or thirteen years of age, and
nearly the whole body of youth in school are with-
drawn before they are eighteen years; so that the at-
tendance in the schools is by classes and installments,
and probably thirty-five thousand is as many as can
be expected to be in attendance at the present time.
Probably not more than one in a hundred escape in-
struction at any school, and those who do not attend
more than one-third of the time to which they are en-
titled, nevertheless get what are called the rudiments
of knowledge. But some one may ask. How come ten
thousand in parochial and private schools ? The great
body of these are in the Eoman Catholic parish schools.
They originated in consequence of the dissatisfaction of
the Catholics with the conduct of the public schools.
Parish schools are attached to nearly all the Eoman Cath-
olic churches, and contain several thousand pupils. In
addition to these are many private schools and semina-
ries, especially those for girls, which are preferred by
some parents on account of special instruction, particu-
larly in the ornamental branches which they aSbrd.
In 1860, there were forty-six schools and seminariea,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 95

parocliial and private, in Cincinnati, of which twenty-
seven were Roman Catholic, containing nine thousand
and six hundred pupils, but the number is no doubt
increased. There are now in this class of schools and
seminaries fully twelve thousand. The public schools
of Cincinnati have, in recent years, been crowned by the
high schools, institutions, which, in their general char-
acter, are the same with what are commonly known as
" colleges," and in regard to law, may be made to com-
prehend universal knowledge, for the law does not re-
strict their studies. Of these one is for boys and the
other for girls. Both have been founded by the sagac-
ity and liberality of early pioneers — William Wood-
ward and John Hughes — from whom they are called
the Woodward and Hughes Schools. The pupils of
these colleges are the graduates of the common schools.
At each annual examination a certain number of those
who have passed out are entitled to enter the High
Schools, and thus they may pursue, so far as they have
time and ambition, the highest range of studies. The
list of subjects pursued in the high schools, as returned
in the annual reports, shows that to these students is open
every branch of learning attainable in any of our col-
leges. Then the public system is perfected by the estab-
lishment of a graduated system of instruction, which
leads the minds of youths, if they give time to it, from
the very alphabet of knowledge to the higher regions of

96 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

learning. It is to give their children the benefits of
these schools that many families have come to Cin-
cinnati, and thus the institution of the public schools
has added to the wealth as well as the intelligence of
the city.

After the public schools, we may mention the colleges
and professional seminaries, some of which were founded
long previous to the public schools. The earliest of
these is Cincinnati College, with whose name and
history is associated the honored memory of the oldest
and best founders of the city, originally chartered as
a purely litei'ary seminary. It was for many years a
regular college, in which many youths were educated.
Having ceased its work for a period, it was again re-
vived as a college and a medical school; but has now,
for several years, been continued as a law school. In
the meantime it has been relieved of all embarrass-
ments by the payment of its debts, and possesses an
unincumbered property worth $200,000. It is proposed
to make this fund, in connection with some other, the
foundation of the future University of Cincinnati.

Within a few years Mr. McMicken has given a large
estate for the education of youth in Cincinnati, subject
to some limitations, and intended ultimately to found a
college or university. The property has been so man-
aged by the trustees as to be at present a large endow-
ment for whatever institution they may hereafter erect.

llneoll ftirtingirilolilli

Picket &S0TI, Aiclntects

Hii Lolt T-t)rliritiei ivl'a Hlli (in

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 97

We may, therefore, expect that the McMicken Univer-
*sity will be a fact of the future.

The St. Xaviee. College (Roman Catholic) has
been many years in existence, and pursues a regular
course of instruction, chiefly conducted by the Jesuits.

In addition to these literary institutions, there are
professional schools — law, medical, theological, and
commercial. There is but one law school, which is
a branch of Cincinnati College, and has been thirty
years in successful operation. In that period it has
had several professors distinguished for legal learning,
for social standing, and political influence. It has
graduated twelve hundred students, among whom may
be found men who have adorned the bench and the
bar, society and government.

The Medical Schools are the oldest professional insti-
tutions, and have always had large numbers of students.
The Medical College of Ohio was founded half a cen-
tury since, and has probably graduated thousands of
pupils. The Miami Medical College is a newer insti-
tution, but with an able Faculty, and promises much
future usefulness.

The Physio-Medical College teaches the peculiar doc-
trines of what is generally termed the Botanical School.

The College of Dental Surgeons is one of the evi-
dences that, in recent years, dentistry is treated as a
science. This is, perhaps, the reason of the established

98 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

fact that American dentists enjoy the highest reputation
in all foreign countries. The College of Dental Sur-
geons in Cincinnati has added to both the skill and the
reputation of the profession.

Of theological schools, there are two — one Roman
Catholic, on the summit west of Millcreek; and the
other Presbyterian, on Walnut Hills. The latter, Lane
Seminary, is well endowed, has considerable income,
and maintains a regular course of theological teaching.

Another class of colleges, so called, are the commercial.
These, however, do not pretend to teach what is usually
understood as a collegiate course, but simply those prac-
tical elements necessary to commercial business.

From what we have said, education for the masses,
and for the common business of life, is well provided
for. Every child may have some sort of education, and
every one intended for business may here acquire well
the elements of his profession ; and for those who Avish
to be instructed in science and the classics, the High
Schools afford an opportunity ; yet, for high scholarship,
the youth of the city must look to the coming, rather
than the present colleges. The Cincinnati College
Fund, the McMicken Fund, the Observatory, and some
others which may be gathered in, would be sufficient to
lay the foundation and build up the stately structure of
a future university. Whether they can ever be united
and concentrated for such a purpose, we know not ; but

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 99

after contemplating the noble and liberal contributions,
private and public, made here for the universal instruc-
tion of the people — after seeing so many tens of thou-
sands already brought into the schools, and so many
other thousands who have gone forth from these insti-
tutions as merchants, lawyers, physicians, and clergy-
men, to be useful and honored citizens of the republic —
after all this, we can not help thinking and hoping that
this broad and spacious ediiice of popular education
may be crowned with a Cincinnati University. Then
the work of the children will well compare with that of
their fathers, and scholars of profoundest learning go
forth from the city which already furnishes the arts,
and manufactures, and commerce which adorn and im-
prove the Valley of the Ohio, and hence made herself
the Queen of the West.

We have now finished our outline sketch of the
growth of this city and of its principal elements. We
said nothing of the young cities on the opposite shore,
or of the far-extending suburbs to the north ; but we
may return for a moment to contrast this scene as it was
observed by Judge Symmes eighty years ago, with that
now seen from Eden Park, and that which will be seen in
some future. Then, the proprietors of the Miami coun-
try saw with delight this beautiful amphitheater sur-
rounded with its wood-crowned hills; but then the
forest was unbroken, solitude rested on the bosom of

100 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Nature, and the Ked Indian looked with suspicion on
the approaching white man. Now, the forest is cleared
away, a great town is built up, silence is fled, the in-
cipient roar of clanging industry thunders upon the ear,
the voices of shouting multitudes are heard, and the
visitor to Eden Park beholds these cities filling the
valley below. The temples of God and the schools of
youth, the factories of art and the vessels of navigation
rise in the midst of forty thousand houses, filled with
three hundred thousand people !

Such is the present scene compared with that when
civilized man came to conquer the wilderness of nature.
But it is not improper, and it will require no extraor-
dinary gift of prophecy to look a little into what the
future may, and probably will, produce. Cincinnati has
now reached the period when, as New York did thirty
years ago, it is passing from the condition of a respect-
able town to that of a great city, where, in fact, capital
is sufliciently accumulated and public spirit excited to
make these extensive improvements, which both vital-
ize its resources and adorn its aspect. Most of these we
have already mentioned in this sketch, but we may
group them together.: first, the natural resources
around the summit hills, the gentle curves of the hills,
and their decline to the north, have made the suburbs
of Cincinnati the most beautiful in the United States,
No other city can compare with them.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 101

Then, to enjoy these suburban scenes, come the ave-
nues : these will wind up the ravines, finally pass north
of the hills, meet the valley beyond, and thus make
splendid boulevards, to which no others can compare.
Then come the parks : these will be on the hills or in
the northern valley, and, being reached by street cars,
will make lovely and healthy country gardens for the
resort of all classes of people. Then the reservoirs on
the hills will furnish living fountains for the avenues
and the gardens. Far to the west, in the Valley of
Millcreek, what has heretofore been a great mud lake
will be leveled and filled, built up, and the city extend
to the western hills as it does to the eastern. Then the
gardens and the avenues will crown the western sum-
mits. In the meanwhile, the great railroad bridges over
the Ohio will have been built, the Southern railroad
will be seen as one of the great arteries of commerce,
and the young cities of Newport and Covington will
climb the hills of the south, as Cincinnati does those
of the north. Then will be seen, on some of the sur-
rounding points to the north, the University, and, near
it, the Observatory; and science and letters, and the
beautiful arts, will crown the scene which industry, and
commerce, and education have created. Then, if a
kind Providence shall favor the labors of man, the
Cincinnati of the future will be, as it has been, the
metropolis of the Great Central West.

CHAPTER V.

City Government— School System— Boaed of Health-
Police AND Fire Departments— Administration of
Justice.

^^^^HE government of municipal affairs in Cincinnati

^p devolves upon a mayor, a city council composed

of two members from each ward, and a board of

city improvements composed of the mayor, city civil

engineer, and three city commissioners.

The city elections occur on the first Monday in April,
most of the officers serving for a term of two years.

Candidates for council are required to be freeholders,
and residents of the city three years previous to the
election.

The following gentlemen occupy at present city of-
fices as respectively named :

Mayor. — John F. Torrence.

CITY COXJNCIll..

James W. Fitzgerald President.

WARD.

1...T. F. Eckert J. W. Fitzgerald.

2...Wm. Loder Chas. Kahn, Jr.

3...V. Eiclienlaub Conrad Schultz.

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 103

4...Wm. H. Glass P. F. Maley.

5. ..Daniel Wolf. J. S. HiU.

6...B. C. Corbett T. Cannon.

7...L. C. Buente.. David Baker.

8. ..James Morgan A. P. C. Bonte.

9. ..Chris. Von Seggern Jos. Eveslage.

10.. .Joseph Siefert A. Wagner.

11... H. B. Eckelman Jos. Kinsey.

12... Jacob Benninger G. W. Ziegler.

13. ..G. A. Doherty M. Corbett.

14... Wm. H. Harrison R. M. Moore.

15.. .A. T. Goshorn T. F. Baker.

16...Drausin Wulsin W. H. Brickell.

17... James B. Doan A. K. Brookbank.

18. ..Clinton Buente Samuel Beresford, Jr.

19... F. W. Schwencker L. C. Frintz.

20.. .A. E. Jones Wm. Kirton.

City Auditor. — Chas. H. Titus.

City Treasurer. — Robert Moore.

City Solicitor. — J. Bryant Walker.

City Civil Engineer. — R. C. Phillips.

City Commissioners.— John H. Lawrence, L, Mc-

HuGH, Theodore Chambers.
Judge of Police Court. — Walter F. Straub.
Chief of Police. —

Prosecuting Attorney of Police Court. — Moses
F. Wilson.

104 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

The public school system of Cincinnati has long been
celebrated for its efficiency and the liberal scale upon
which it is conducted. The efforts of such men as
Nathan Guilford, John P. Foote, George Graham, and
Samuel Lewis, established a broad foundation for future
growth. The details of its workings can not, for want
of space, here be given. The Annual Report, which,
itself, constitutes each year quite a volume, may be
referred to for all necessary information. A Board
of Trustees, elected by the people, administer the
business affairs. A Board of Examiners, appointed
by the City Council, decide uj^on the qualifications of
teachers.

John Hancock is the Superintendent of Schools. His
administration has evinced great ability, and the schools
have never been more prosperous than at present.

The Board, during 1868, made arrangements to open
a Normal School, for the training of females intending
to qualify themselves for teaching. The inauguration
of this plan marks a new and important era in our sys-
tem, and success seems to await it.

The following regulations exist for the government of
the schools :

" None but the children of actual bona fide residents
of Cincinnati shall, under amj circumstances, be admitted
to the common schools, /ree / but children of non-resi-
dents may be admitted by the Trustees of any district,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 105

on payment, in advance, to the Clerk of the Board, the
following tuition fees, viz. :

"For admittance into intermediate schools, at the
rate of twenty dollars per annum ; district schools, six-
teen dollars per annum — payable, in each case, semi-
quarterly, quarterly, semi-annually, or yearly."

The regular meetings of the Board of Examiners are
held at the Office of Public Schools, City Buildings, on
Eighth Street, between Plum and Central Avenue, on
the second Thursday of each month, except July and
August, at two o'clock P. M.

The Board grants two grades of Certificates, denom-
inated, respectively, Male Principal's Certificate and
Female Assistant's Certificate.

Candidates for a Male Principal's Certificate are ex-
amined in Spelling and Definitions, Reading, English
Grammar, Geography, American History, Mental Arith-
metic, Written Arithmetic, Algebra, Theory and Prac-
tice of Teaching, Natural Philosophy, Constitution of
the United States, Ancient and Modern Historj', Anat-
omy and Physiology, Chemistry, Astronomy, Geometry,
English Literature, and Penmanship.

Candidates for a Female Assistant's Certificate are
examined in Spelling and Definitions, Reading, English
Grammar, Geography, American History, Mental Arith-
metic, Written Arithmetic, English Literature, Theoiy
and Practice of Teaching, Natural Philosophy, Con-

106 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

stitution of the United States, Anatomy and Physiol-
ogy, Penmanship, and Ancient and Modern History.

Candidates for positions in the High Schools will be
examined in Chemistry and Astronomy, in addition to
the above list.

The number opposite to each branch, in the column
on the right of the list of studies on the certificate
issued, measures the result of the examination, ten being
the maximum. Less than seven, in either English
Grammar, Geography, Mental Arithmetic or Written
Arithmetic, is a failure. Certificates are vaUd as follows :
For an average of seventy per cent, of correct answers,
one year ; eighty per cent., three years ; ninety per cent.,
five years,

A record of the character of the examination of each
individual is preserved in a volume for the use of the
Board of Education.

Candidates who have not taught in the Common
Schools of Cincinnati, must leave with the Clerk of
the Board, at least three days before the monthly meet-
ing, a certificate of good moral character, together with a
declaration that they are eighteen years of age, (or seven-
teen, if graduates from the High Schools, or with similar
attainments), and that they design to teach in the Public
Schools of Cincinnati, if found qualified. Candidates are
requested to leave their address, and a statement of any
experience they may have had in teaching.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 107

Candidates shall be examined in the absence of all
spectators, save the members of the Board of Education.

Candidates shall not be examined who are not pres-
ent, punctually, at the appointed hour. None shall be
admitted to a second examination, till after the expi-
ration of six months.

No Cei-tificate shall be issued without an average of
seventy per cent, of the full number of marks.

The Board will grant no certificate to any candidate
who entirely fails in any branch of study in which an
examination is required by the Board.

Graduates of the Normal School have preference in
the selection of teachers for the schools.

One week prior to the annual opening of the schools
each year, all the teachers of the Common Schools shall
be required to attend a Teacher's Institute, held in the
city. Such institute shall be open to all persons who
may desire to become teachers in the Common Schools
of Cincinnati.

The salaries of teachers' in the Cincinnati Schools
range from $400 per annum to $2,100.

The following are the names of the members of the
Board of Education, for the years 1869-70, commencing
in July:

WAED.

1...J. H. Brunsman W. J. O'Neil.

2...Peter Gibson J. W. B. Kelly.

108 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

3...C. C. Campbell E. M. Johnson.

4...D. J. MuUaney Benj. J. Ricking.

5.. .Dr. Wolfley H. W. Poor.

6...F. Macke J. P. Carberry.

7...a F. Bruckner H. P. Siebel.

8...a H. Gould J. C. Cbristin.

9...F. W. Ranch Joseph Kramer.

10.. .Wm. Kuhn H. L. Wehmer.

11. ..S. S. Fisher

12. ..A. Themkaupf. J. C. Krieger.

13. ..George D. Temple.. .Wm. McClennan.

14.. .Henry Mack G. W. Gladden.

15... A. D. Mayo Abner L. Frazer.

16. ..Francis Ferry John P. Storey.

17. ..S. A. Miller J. L. Drake.

18. ..A. Bohling Louis Ballauf.

19... S. F. Wisnewski Herman Eckel.

20. ..J. H. Rhodes James F. Fisher.

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD,

President, S. S. Fisher.
Vice-President, Francis Ferry.
Corresponding Secretary, James F. Irwin.
Clerk, W. F. Hurlbut.

OFFICERS OF THE SCHOOLS

Superintendent of Schools, John Hancock.
Superintendent of Buildings, John McCammon.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 109

POST-OFFICE.

C. W. Thomas, Esq., the late efficient and popular
Postmaster of Cincinnati, has kindly furnished some
interesting items in regard to the business of his de-
partment :

As nearly every interest of a civilized people pulsates
through the post-office, it undoubtedly furnishes the
most reliable indication of numerical, commercial, and
social progress. From a statement in the " Commercial
Daily Advertiser," of November 19, 1829, we learn
" there was received for postage the last year $12,160,
having increased in three years upward of fifty per
cent." This was when Cincinnati had a population of
twenty-five thousand. She had outstripped all other
Western cities, 'and was indisputably the " Queen."
These figures aflbrd an interesting comparison with the
business done at the office during 1867-8.

The cash receipts of the Cincinnati Post-office, on
postage account, were, for the past year, $264,587.47,
and the expenses for salaries and miscellaneous, exclu-
sive of those incident to the free-delivery system, were
$62,306.06 ; net earnings paid over to the Government,
$202,281.41.

The receipts and disbursements in the Money-Order
Department of the office were each over half a mill-
ion dollars. At the present rate of business, over

110 THE OITY OF CINCINNATI.

$760,000 will be paid on money orders during the pres-
ent year.

The number of letters received for delivery during
the past year was nine million three hundred and
eight thousand, and the number received for distribu-
tion was twenty-eight million.

The amount of mail matter daily handled is about
twenty-five thousand pounds. There are one hundred
employes, including letter carriers, and the machinery
of the office is incessant day and night.

It should be remembered, that in 1829, domestic
postage on letters was 12^, 18f , and 25 cents, according
to the distance conveyed. That year's receipts, $12,150,
would be equivalent to the transmission of sixty-four
thousand eight hundred letters at the average of 18f
cents each. The same sum will now convey four hun-
dred and five thousand half-ounce letters to any dis-
tance Avithin the United States; so the whole sum of
$264,587.47, the postage receipts for the past year,
fairly represents about nine millions of letters received
by the people of this city.

THE ANNUAL MESSAGE

of Mayor Charles F. Wilstach, dated April 9, 1869,
congratulates the city upon the enterprise and pros-
perity which has hitherto marked its career, and takes
the most enlarged and comprehensive views of its fu-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. Ill

ture. It states the bonded debt of the city to be now
$4,507,000, and the value of property belonging to the
city at $11,850,000, showing nearly $7,000,000 on the
right side of the ledger.

The following items in regard to some of the depart-
ments of the municipal government are taken from the
message :

THE BOARD OF HEALTH.

The Board of Health has, during the past year, ac-
complished much that has been valuable to the health
and comfort of the citizens. Through its officers, it has
succeeded in ridding the markets of unwholesome meats
and vegetables. It has prevented the sale of diseased
cattle, and has required of the venders of milk the most
rigid conformance to its rules against adulteration.

It also prevented the spread of that terrible scourge
called the Texas cattle fever. The Health Officer, Dr.
William Clendenin, was especially energetic in his en-
deavors to prevent its spread among the cattle of this
vicinity. That these efforts were effectual, the results
have abundantly proven.

The mortality in Cincinnati for the year ending
February 28, 1869, was 4,684. The population of the
city, being estimated at 260,000, would make the death
rate 18.05 in 1,000 inhabitants. This is a remarkably
low mortality, and clearly demonstrates the great salu-
brity of Cincinnati. In New York City, in 1868, the

112 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

death rate was 32.27 in 1,000 inhabitants ; in Brooklyn,
the same year, it was 27.81 ; in Providence, in 1864, it
was 23.50 in 1,000. In St. Louis, according to the last
annual report of the Board of Health, for the year 1868,
the mortality was 5,193 ; in Chicago, during the same
period, the mortality was 4,604.

The mortality from particular diseases exhibits
equally satisfactory results. For example, the mor-
tality from consumption in Cincinnati during the year
ending with February last, was 444, or 9.48 per cent, of
the whole number of deaths in that time. The mor-
tality from consumption in New York last year was
3,286, or 14.02 per centage on the total number of
deaths. In Philadelphia, during the same period, the
mortality from consumption was 1,947, or 15.38 per
consumption during the year 1868, in St. Louis, were
503.

THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.

The Chief of Police, Captain James L. Euffin, reports
that the total number of arrests during the year, for all
degrees of crimes, was 8,291, of which 6,734 were males
and 1,557 females. In the lodging apartments of the
different station-houses, there have been accommodated
25,000 persons, of whom 20,209 were males and 3,424
females ; for safe keeping, 1,152 ; lost children returned
to parents, 255 j deserters arrested, 11 ; number of per-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 113

sons committed to the Work-house during the year,
1,176, of whom 1,037 were males and 139 females.

The Police Telegraph has sent, during the year,
4,092 messages, as follows: Lost children returned,
755; estrays returned, 290; wagons, buggies, etc., re-
turned, 200; prisoners discharged from Work-house,
169; officers to suppress riots, 7; orders issued, 20;
prisoners for court, 150 ; miscellaneous 2,555.

THE FIRE DEPARTMENT

still maintains its supremacy over any like department
in existence, and is famed throughout the country for
its efficiency and promptness in subduing the ravages of
one of the fiercest elements of destruction known to the
human race. Our city has enjoyed, during the past
year, a marked immunity from large fires. New and
powerful machines are being added to the present
effective force, and nothing is left undone to render the
department equal to the growth of the city and the de-
mands of the citizens for the fullest protection.

Enoch G. Megrue, the veteran Chief of the Depart-
ment, has continued to devote his entire energies to the
discipline and management of the force.

The cost of the department for the past year has been
$240,584.13. There have been 183 alarms and 90 actual
fires during the year. Value of property destroyed,

114 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

$447,382.00, the insurance on which was $271,016.00^
making the actual loss to property-owners $176,366.00.

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.

1. Justices of the Peace are elected by the voters
of each township, for terms of three years. They have
jurisdiction in all civil suits, with a few exceptions,
when the debt or damages do not exceed three hun-
dred dollars. In criminal cases they have jurisdiction
throughout the county, of minor offenses, and to hold
persons accused of crime to answer the charge in the
Court of Common Pleas.

2. The District Court is composed of the three
judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton
County, and one of the judges of the Supreme Court of
Ohio, auy three of whom constitute a quorum for the
transaction of business. Two terms are held each year,
commencing on the first Monday of April, and first
Monday of October respectively. It has but little
original jurisdiction, its business being chiefly the de-
termination of appeals, and cases in error from the
Court of Common Pleas.

3. The Court of Common Pleas is composed of
three judges, elected by the people of Hamilton County,
for a term of five years. The regular terms of the Court
commence on the first Monday of January, the second

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 115

Monday of May, and the first Monday of November in
each year. The judges sit separately and alternately,
in each of the three rooms of the court. They have
authority, by statute, to classify and distribute among
themselves for trial the business pending in the court.
Civil cases are tried by the court in room No. 1, and
before a jury in room No. 2, and criminal cases are tried
in room No. 3. This court has original jurisdiction in
all civil cases where the sum or matter in dispute ex-
ceeds one hundred dollars, and has appellate jurisdic-
tion from the judgment of justices of the peace, and '
also in certain cases from the decisions of the county
commissioners. It has jurisdiction of all crimes and
offenses in which persons are indicted by the grand
jury ; of all writs of certiorari to the Police Court and
justices of the peace in criminal cases; of petitions in
error from judgments rendered by the Probate Court or
justices of the peace ; in cases of contested election of
county officers ; and of petitions by administrators and
executors for the sale of lands of deceased persons, and
in habeas corpus. It also has powers and duties pres-
cribed by statute, with reference to savings societies,
petitions filed by railroads for change of grade or route,
sales of property of religious societies ; sales of ceme-
teries in cities and towns ; changes of names of persons,
towns, and villages; vacation of town plats; appointment
of auctioneers, inspectors, etc. ; sales of entailed estates ;

116 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

barring dower of insane wives ; appointment of various
trastees ; approval of appointment of deputies of the
clerk, sheriff, and recorder, etc. The judges, whose terms
will expire in 1872, are Hons. Charles C. Murdock,
Joseph Cox, and Manning F. Force.

4. The Superior Court of Cincinnati consists
of three judges, elected at city elections, by the voters
of Cincinnati, for the term of five years. The terms of
the court commence on the first Monday of each month,
except July, August, and September. A special term
of the court is held by each judge, and, as a general rule,
the judges sit alternately in each of the three rooms of
the court, submitted cases being heard in room No. 1,
and jury cases in rooms No. 2 and 3. The general term
is held at such time as the court may direct, by two or
more judges, the concurrence of two being necessary to
IDronounce judgment at general term. Petitions in error
lie from the special to the general terms, and from the
general terms directly to the Supreme Court of the State.
This court has no jurisdiction except that specially con-
ferred upon it by statute. Generally it has, in civil
actions, the same jurisdiction in the City of Cincinnati
that the Court of Common Pleas has in the county of
Hamilton. It has no jurisdiction of appeals or petitions
in error from other tribunals, nor of criminal cases, nor
of applications for divorce and alimony. At present,
the judges are Hon. Bellamy Storer, whose term ex-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 117

pires in 1872 ; Hon, M. B. Hagans, whose term expires
in 1873; and Hon. Alplionso Taffc, whose term expires
in 1874.

5. The Probate Court, a court of record, open at
all times, is holden by one judge, elected by the voters
of the county for the term of three years. The Pro-
bate Judge is clerk of his own court, and his compen-
sation is by fees fixed by law. He has jurisdiction in
probate and testamentary matters; in the appointment
of administrators and guardians ; in the settlement of
the accounts of executors, administrators, and guardi-
ans; in habeas corpus; in the issuing of marriage
licenses; in sales of land, on petition of executors, ad-
ministrators, and guardians ; in the completion of con-
tracts concerning real estate, on petition of executors
and administrators ; in holding inquests of lunacy ; in
ascertaining the amount of compensation to be made
to owners of land appropriated to the use of corpora-
tions; to try contested elections of justices of the peace,
and of proceedings in aid of execution. He also has
authority to administer oaths, and to take depositions,
and the acknowledgment of deeds, etc. The present
incumbent is the Hon. Edw. F. Noyes.

6. The Police Court of Cincinnati is held by a
police judge, elected by the voters of the city, for the
term of two years. He has, in criminal cases, the same
powers and jurisdiction as justices of the peace. He

118 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

has jurisdiction of all violations of the ordinances of
the city, and of all cases of petit larceny and other in-
ferior offenses committed within the limits of the city,
or within one mile thereof, and which the constitution
or laAvs of the State do not require to be prosecuted by
indictment or presentment of a grand jury. In the ab-
sence, sickness, or other disability of the police judge,
the mayor may select some reputable member of the
bar, residing in the city, who may, after taking the
necessary oath of office, preside in the police court aa
" acting police judge." Hon. Walter F. Straub is the
present judge of this court.

7. The United States Courts held in the city of
Cincinnati are the Circuit and District Courts for the
Southern District of Ohio. The District Court is held
by the District Judge, and has jurisdiction in cases in
admiralty, in bankruptcy, of all seizures, of all suits
for penalties and forfeitures, and of suits at common
law by the United States, or any officer thereof The
Circuit Court consists of a judge of the Supreme Court
assigned to the Circuit, and of the Judge of the. Dis-
trict Court of the District. A recent statute provides
for the appointment of an additional Circuit judge. The
Circuit Court may be held by either of the judges. It
has, in general, cognizance of crimes and offenses cog-
nizable under the authority of the United States, and
of suits of a civil nature, when the matter in dispute

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 119

exceeds five hundred dollars, exclusive of costs, and
when the United States are plaintiffs, or an alien is a
party, or the suit is between a citizen of the State and
a citizen of another State. Justice N. H. Swayne, of
the Supreme Court of the United States, and Hon. H.
Leavitt, Judge of the District Court, are the present
judges of the Circuit Court. Judges of the United
States Courts hold their offices during good behavior.

CHAPTER VI.

The Charities of Cincinnati.

[[HE nineteenth century can boast of no brighter
glory than its Christian Charities. They distin-
guish it as the era of philanthropy, and, in their
vast extent and ramifications, declare a nobler type of
humanity and a higher civilization than any previous
age has seen. The toilers of the Christian Commission
were truer heroes than the exactors of Magna Charta ;
John Howard and Elizabeth Fry the apostles of a more
glorious idea than that which made martyrs of Hamp-
den and Sidney. Let history, then, set anew its stakes
and cords, and mark well the track of the philanthropies
which have made these later years an epoch in the prog-
ress of the race, and which make gloriously true the
utterance, that "Peace hath her victories no less re-
nowned than war."

The chronicles of the Charities of Cincinnati would,
of themselves, require a volume. But a brief outline
can here be given. There is exhibited a princely lib-
erality in the support of these " inns upon the road of

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 121

life, where suffering humanity finds alleviation and sym-
pathy;" and all honor is due to those individuals who
pass not by unheeded their pitiable fellow-mortals, but
are stretching forth unceasingly the helping hand.
These are they who do not believe that misfortune is a
crime, but who, recognizing the universal brotherhood of
humanity, "walk the crowded streets with eyes keenly
alert to detect the objects of suffering and sympathy
around them, and wait not for the opportunity to be
pressed upon them, but seek out the opportunities which
shall give expression to the grand impulses of their
natures."

Let this be counted a hopeful sign of the times, that
there is rapidly progressing a skillful adaptation of ju-
dicious charities to the wants of men, and that those
heaven-born words " Our Father," of which Madam
De Stael said that if Christ had simply taught men to
say them, he would have been the greatest benefactor
of the race, are gaining here, as elsewhere, a new mean-
ing in the minds of earnest men.

A reliable, though necessarily brief, statement will
be given in the following pages. It is done in the hope
that such persons as are willing to bestow a portion of
their time and wealth in a benevolent direction may
be able to gain a knowledge of the special province
of each institution. It will be well if from many new
sources there come generous responses toward these in-

122 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

stitutions of blessing, whose corps of workers is always
open to recruits, and whose treasuries can never be too
full. The greater prominence is given to what may be
termed the voluntary Charities, unsectarian in their
character, and maintained by voluntary contributions.
The municipal institutions are mentioned subsequently.
Laboring side by side with the common purpose of
lightening the load of human misery, they are a shin-
ing sisterhood of mercy, a joy to the world.

CINCINNATI UNION BETHEL.

The Cincinnati Union Bethel was first established
on the 27th of January, 1839. It owes its existence
to the efibrts of the Western Seamen's Friend Society,
under whose control it was, Avith some intermission,
from the above date until February, 1856, when it be-
came an independent institution, incorporated under
the general law of the State of Ohio.

The first record book states that, at its opening, on
that date, there were present seven teachers and six-
teen scholars ; that the school was opened with prayer,
led by Philip Hinkle; and that it commenced its mis-
sionary labors by inciting the zeal of the scholars in a
promise to record, on the minutes, the name of the
scholar who brought in the most children on the next
Sunday. The week following, the minutes of the

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 123

school showed thai John Ryland and John M. Jones
each brought two new scholars, and that William Har-
rison brought two as far as the door — " one came in,
but the other ran off."

Since the period of this simple, life-like record, the
Bethel has passed through many changes — at times
being suspended, and at others abandoned. It was
then a tenant at will in the location now occupied, was
frequently driven from place to place in search of a
home, until, in the year 1852, it entered upon a new
and more permanent career. The citizens of Cincin-
nati placed at the disposal of the Western Seamen's
Friend Society, means sufficient to build the well-
known Floating Bethel, which was occupied until the
year 1859. In that Chapel, in the year 1854, the
Bethel School, which has continued without interrup-
tion since, was gathered by Rev. S. D. Clayton; was
carried on under his direction until 1857 ; from 1857 to
1859, under the management of Eev. Wm. Andrews ;
and in the fall of 1859 was removed from the Floating
Bethel to its present location on the wharf. Subse-
quently, the school has passed into the charge of Ben-
jamin Frankland, and with the exception of the two
years, from 1859 to 1861, when Mr, Clayton was again
the efficient Chaplain, the entire Bethel work was under
his general supervision.

Under Mr. Frankland's care, it accomplished won-

124 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

derfiil results, and reached the height of a successful
career. Thomas Lee is now Superintendent, and a new
future of prosperity is opening.

The object and organization of the Bethel are pre-
sented in the following extracts from the Constitution :

This Association shall be known as the Cincinnati
Union Bethel.

The object shall be to provide for the spiritual and
temporal welfare of river-men and their families, and all
others who may be unreached by regular church organ-
izations; to gather in and furnish religious instruction
and material aid to the poor and neglected children of
Cincinnati and vicinity, and to make such provisions
as may be deemed best for their social elevation ; also,
to provide homes and employment for the destitute.

Any person paying into the treasury of the corpora-
tion the sum of ten dollars, shall be a member for one
year, and of fifty dollars, a member for life.

There shall be a Board of Directors, to consist of
twelve persons, four of whom shall retire each year,
and their successors shall be elected at the annual
meeting, to serve for the term of three years.

The Board shall appoint from their own number a
committee of five, to be called the Property Commit-
tee, whose duty it shall be to supervise and manage
all real estate, of which the corporation may at any
time become the possessors, and all moneys or prop-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 125

erty which may be donated or bequeathed for the en-
dowment of said corporation, under direction of the
Board.

All operations of the Union shall be conducted upon
the basis of a union of all Christian denominations.

No debt shall ever be contracted by the Board of
Directors which will encumber the property of the cor-
I)oration.

It shall not be in the power of the members of the
Society at any meeting, or of the officers thereof, to
divert the property of the institution, real or personal,
from the distinct purposes provided for in these arti-
cles, but the same shall forever remain to fulfill the
object of the Society, as herein defined, and for no
otlier purpose whatever.

The Bethel work, at this time, embraces the follow-
ing departments :

1. The River Mission, among boatmen, etc,

2. Systematic Visitation of Families.

3. The Bethel Church.

4. The Bethel School.

5. The Relief Department.

6. The Sewing School.

7. The Free Reading and Cheap Dining Hall.

8. The Newsboys' Home.

The details of the various branches of the work are
placed, by the constitution, in the hands of an execu-

126 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

tive committee, composed of tliree members of the
Board, and the Secretary of the Society.

The annual report of the Secretary, Dr. J. Taft, made
in March, 1869, furnishes the following interesting facts
in regard to these departments. They will make the best
exhibit of the varied work of tbis noble institution.

The Bethel Church. — Services have been held
regularly each Sabbath, morning and evening, and each
Wednesday evening a social prayer meeting has met.
Extra meetings in January and February, under the
ministrations of Rev. Thomas Lee, resulted in an acces-
sion to the church of twenty persons.

The Eiver Mission. — We have, as in the past, en-
deavored to carry on active work among the boatmen
and laborers that throng our wharf, by missionary visi-
tation to the boat, the distribution of tracts, and wel-
come to the services of the Bethel.

The Bethel School has not only sustained its
previous reputation for numbers and interest, but has
considerably exceeded the last report. The averages
of attendance of scholars for the several months have
been as follows:

lS68^March, 1,630; April, 1,350; May, 920; June,
920; July,700j August, 75,0; September, 850 ; October,
1,250 ; STovember, 1,850 ; December, 1,970. 1869— Jan-
uary, 1,940; February, 2,000.

Since the 1st of November last the actual attendance

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 127

of scholars has exceeded 1,800 on sixteen Sabbaths ; has
exceeded 1,900 on eight Sabbaths ; and has exceeded
2,000 on four Sabbaths. The highest attendance was
on February 21, when the number of scholars present
was 2,248.

The usual attendance in the boys' infant class is
about 350 ; the girls, 300. We have fully 200 scholars
over eighteen years of age.

The indications of the accomplishment of great good
in this department are so manifest and abundant as to
constitute a source of great gratification.

The Eelief Department is carried on under the
special direction of the Ladies' Union Bethel Aid So-
ciety.

From the report of Mrs. J. W. Canfield, their Secre-
tary, are compiled the following statistics :

The number of distributions of clothing held during
the year was twenty-nine, at which 2,782 articles of made
clothing were given away; also 1,388 yards of white
muslin, 3,862 yards of calico, and 803 yards of cloth for
boys' wear. ,

Embraced in the abov^ are the following items of
separate articles, and numbers given : Shoes, 750 pairs
hose, 140 pairs; hoods, 84; caps, 234; jackets, 61
shawls, 63 ; skirts, 10 ; comforts, 55 ; girls* hats, 100
aprons, 79 ; shirts, 159 ; pants, 90 y dresses, 69 ; under
garments, 190.

128 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

In addition to these regular clothing distributions,
almost hourly calls at the Bethel for assistance have
been patiently inquired into, and, when deemed worthy,
and the means at our disposal have justified it, relief
has been given.

Sewing School. — Intimately connected with the
above department of the work, is the Mothers' Sewing
School, which, during the most of the winter, has met,
eacli Wednesday afternoon, at the Bethel building, under
the direction of a committee of the Ladies' Bethel Aid
Society. It numbers eighty-four members.

The following materials have been made into gar-
ments by the women attending ; calico, 587j yards ;
muslin, 222| yards; flannel, 126| yards.

This movement has been very successful, the time
occupied by the women in sewing being improved by
the reading of interesting and profitable selections from
books and magazines, and in giving practical advice in
matters of domestic economy.

Newsboys' Home. — Three thousand six hundred
and fifty night lodgings have been furnished to boys —
newsboys and boot-blacks — and about seven thousand
five hundred meals, at a nominal price of ten cents each.

In September, Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Worcester, who,
for more than a year, had charge of this department,
left us to enter a missionary field in the Indian Terri-
tory, From that time, Mr. C. B. Taylor, of Lane Semi-

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 129

nary, superintended the newsboys' department. He also,
for some three months, successfully carried on a night
school for boys, with an average attendance of twenty-
two.

The Coffee and Reading Room. — This has been
successfully continued, and is fulfilling the purpose of
its establishment, not only by furnishing a cheap and
substantial meal, without any of the objectionable asso-
ciations too often found in boatmen's boarding houses,
but as a direct means of promoting frugality, temper-
ance, and practical religion. The number of persons
daily availing themselves of its advantages is about
three hundred.

While it is self-sustaining, it really proves, from the
low rates charged, a great help to many whose means
are limited, and it attracts to our institution a large
number of just the class of people that we are desirous
should become acquainted with the other features of our
work. The following bill of fare, etc., wUl give an idea
of the arrangements:

BILL OF FARE.

Coffee or Tea, with Crackers or Bread, . . 5 cts.

Milk, 5 cts.

Butter, Sets.

Doughnuts, T . . . 5 cts.

Pie, Sets.

Soup, with Crackers or Bread, 5 cts.

130 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Cold Meat 5 cts.

Roast Meat and Potatoes, 10 cts.

Pork and Beans, 10 cts.

Other articles in proportion.

Dinner Tickets, ... 25 Cents,

For which will be furnished Roast Meat and "Vegetables, Pie,

Coffee, Bread, and Butter.

Dinner from 12 to 2 o'clock.

The rooms are open from six A. M. to eight P. M.
The free reading room is supplied with daily and week-
ly papers, and other reading matter.

The importance of a suitable building had long been
felt, and, in 1868, the foundation of a noble edifice was
laid. Its estimated cost is sixty thousand dollars, and
the plan provides for the following departments :

1. A grand hall, with class and anterooms, capable
of holding two thousand five hundred people, or three
thousand children, to be used for the sessions of the
Bethel School, meetings and lectures, religious and oth-
erwise, and for night schools for the working classes.

2. A temperance eating establishment, where, with
cheerful and pleasant surroundings, the boatman and
laboring man can obtain a cheap meal, without resort-
ing to drinking saloons.

3. A free reading room, accessible at all times, and
supplied with choice and entertaining reading matter.

4. Dormitories, airy and clean, for boatmen, poor stran-
gers, and children who may need temporary shelter.

THE CITY OF CINCINKATI, 131

5. A people's bath and wash-house, conducted upon
such plan as will reach the wants of all.

6. A workingmen's gymnasium.

7. Kooms for relief department and uses of Ladies'
Bethel Aid Society.

8. A newsboys' home.

There will be a hall seventy-five by eighty-six feet,
the height of the ceiling being forty feet.

The plan proposes a wide entrance-way from Front
Street, and two entrances from Yeatman Street. Spa-
cious galleries are to occupy three sides of the audience
room, the space underneath being divided into Bible
and infant clas'. rooms, separated by sliding glass doors.
It will probably be the most complete hall of the kind
in the country, and, for school purposes, will accommo-
date four thousand children.

Thus is the Cincinnati Bethel faithfully fulfilling its
noble trust, A pure and lofty purpose, a catholic spirit,
and far-reaching charity make it a mighty agency for
good. The entire community owe to it a debt of grati-
tude that should find its expression in substantial to-
kens.

Officers.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

John Gates, President. Philip Hinkle, Vice-Pres.

C. E. Lewis, Treasurer. J. Taft, Secretary.

L. E. Stevens, A. Judson Davis,

132 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

M. M. White, A. Erkenbrecher,

C, H, Gould, Abner L. Frazer,

W. B. Moores.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

C. H. Gould, M. M. ^Vhite,

Chas. R. Lewis, J. Taft, Ex-officw.

PROPERTY COMMITTEE.

Philip Hinkle, L. E. Stevens,

C. H. Gould, Andrew Erkenbrecher,

W. B. Moores.

AUDITING COMMITTEE.

C. H. Gould, Abner L. Frazer.

GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT.

Rev. Thomas Lee.

BETHEL CHURCH ( Undenominational).
Rev. Thomas Lee, Pastor.

BETHEL SCHOOL.

Rev. Thomas Lee, Superintendent.
Philip Hinkle, Assistant Superintendent,
J. Taft,

John Gates, " "

C. R. Lewis, Secretary.
Cincinnati Union Bethel, Nos. 30 and 31, Public
Landing.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 133

FORM OF BEQUEST.

I give and bequeath to "The Cincinnati Union Bethel," a
Corporation created in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-
five, under the laws of the State of Ohio, or to the Treasurer
thereof, for the time being, for its corporate purposes, the
sum of dollars.

FORM OF DEVISE OF REAL ESTATE.

I give and devise to " The Cincinnati Union Bethel," a Cor-
poration created in the year eighteen hundred and sixty-flve,
under the laws of the State of Ohio, or to the Treasurer there-
of, for the time being, for its corporate purposes, all that, etc.
(Here describe the property.)

CINCINNATI ORPHAN ASYLUM.

No class of sufferiag humanity more tenderly appeals
to the heart of benevolence, or more readily enlists the
sympathy and kindness of men, than orphans. Not only
does their destitute and helpless condition awaken pity,
but their forming minds and impressible natures seem to
invite the power of good influences to shape and mold
them into beings who shall ornament society and bless
the world. It was thus that they early became the ob-
jects of philanthropical effort. Early in the history of
Cincinnati this method of charity began to enlist at-
tention, and the result was the pioneer charity of the
Queen City, the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum.

This beneficent institution is now in the thirty-sixth

134 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

year of its corporate existence. One of the earliest
organized Charities in the State of Ohio, it has steadily
pursued its object of caring for that class of children
whose misfortunes appeal so strongly to their fellow-
mortals. For many years it was the only Protestant
institution in the city which offered relief and shelter to
those of tender years. It had its origin in a previously
existing society of ladies who had in view the circula-
tion of Bibles and the general relief of the poor. In
1833, a charter was obtained, and in 1836, a commodious
building was erected upon Elm Street, north of Twelfth,
sufficient to meet the growing demands of the Society.
Prominently identified with its early history are the
names of Mrs. Judge Burnet, Mrs. Samuel Cloon, Mrs.
Catherine Bates, Mrs. Samuel W. Davies, Mrs. Stille,
and others. The arms of its generous ministrations were
stretched widely to embrace every class of suffering
and neglected children. The establishment, in later
years, of kindred institutions in a different field, left
the Orphan Asylum to carry out its primary intention
and to devote all its means and energies to orphans
alone.

In 1861, the Elm Street property having been sold,
the structure now occupied on Mt. Auburn was erected.
The location is a delightful one, comprising ample
grounds and commanding an extensive view of the city,
Ohio River, and the distant hills. The building is a

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 135

spacious brick edifice, three stories, witli basement and
tower. Suitable aiJartments are provided, the best ven-
tilation secured, and every provision made for the com-
fort and health of the inmates. The regulations provide
for a Board of Managers, consisting of twelve ladies.
They are elected agreeably to the charter every three
years. A duly appointed committee exercise discretion
in regard to the admission of children. All applicants
are examined by the attending physician. A binding
committee superintend the placing of children in
homes. No child is to be placed with any one who
keeps a hotel, tavern, or coffee house, nor with any one
who does not regularly attend religious worship. The
relatives and friends of the children are allowed to visit
them on the first Wednesday in every two months, and
at other times only by special permission of the man-
agers.

The laws of the institution are formed with a careful
regard to the present and future well-being of the
orphans. No child can be taken out of the asylum
until it has remained there at least one year, so that
vicious habits may be corrected before they mingle
with society. The strictest scrutiny is made into the
character of individuals who apply for children. Stip-
ulations are made as to the amount of education they
shall receive. When a child leaves the institution, a
manager is appointed as its guardian, to whom, in case

136 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

of grievance, it may apply for redress, and look for pro-
tection.

Every attention is given to the moral and mental
training of the children. Regular religious services
and Sabbath school instruction are provided, while,
during the week, those of sufficient age attend the city
Public Schools. The present Matron is Miss Jennie
Watson, assisted by her sister. Miss Belle Watson. Dr.
C. D. Palmer is physician in charge. The cost of con-
ducting the institution is about $15,000 per annum.
Of this, the endowment fund yields an annual revenue
of about eight thousand dollars. This leaves about the
same amount to be contributed by the benevolent people
of Cincinnati and its vicinity.

The Thirty-fifth Annual Report, made in 1868, states
the whole number of children admitted, since the
founding of the institution, to be 16,053. There are
about 100 inmates at present.

What a history of benefaction do the annals of this
institution present ! Who shall define the ever-widen-
ing circles of its precious influence ? As long as useful
men and women have a work to do ; as long as a happy
home gathers about its name the dearest associations of
human existence, so long shall this shelter and comfort
of the orphan continue to receive the countenance and
support of the dispensers of charitj'. The fifth decade
of its history should be one of signal prosperity.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 137

OFFICERS AND MANAGERS.

Officers.

Mrs. Catherine Bates, President.
Mrs. Eliza J. Funk, Vice-President.
Miss Janet C. Brown, Recording Secretary.
Mrs. John Davis, Corresponding Secretary.
Mrs. John Shillito, Treasurer.

Managers.

Mrs. J. P. Harrison, Mrs. Henry Probasco,
J. D. Jones, " S. J. Broadwell,

A. D. Bullock, " A. S. Winslow,
M. F. Thompson, " G. H. Barbour,
J. H. Cheever, " G. T. Stedman,
A. F. Perry, " William Hooper,

Mrs. C. T. H. Stille.

CINCINNATI RELIEF UNION.

This noble organization was established in 1848.
Prominent among its originators was Rev. James H.
Perkins, whose benevolent efforts in Cincinnati are
matters of history. It is regularly incorporated, and
has for its sole mission the temporary relief of the
worthy and destitute poor of the city without distinc-
tion of religion, nationality, or color. It is altogether
dependent on voluntary contributions. As often as

138 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI-

appealed to, a generous community has responded with
funds. A Board of Managers, composed of members
from each ward, gratuitously devote much time and
care, and have given it years of experience. The de-
sign of the institution is :

The prevention of vagrancy and street-begging ;

The diminution of imposition upon the benevolent ;

Advice and instruction to all as to some honest
means of procuring a livelihood ;

The placing of the young in secular and Sabbath
schools ;

The relief of those who are known to need it, by gifts
of food, fuel, clothing, and other actual necessaries.

The expenditures of the institution for a period of
twelve months, from November 8, 1866, to November 9,
1867, show an aggregate of relief dispensed of $34,000,
prudently distributed in provisions, shoes, clothing,
fuel, and other necessaries, to the needy and worthy
poor of Cincinnati.

To properly carry out the above objects, the institu-
tion is organized as follows :

There are several managers or directors for eveiy
ward in the city, whose duty it is to become acquainted
with the condition of those families in the ward that
require assistance; and, to more eflfectually carry out
this provision, it is considered the duty of the managers
to visit the families at their residences.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 139

A Board of Control meets weekly during the winter
season, and once a month the balance of the year.

There is a Central Office, where the goods purchased
for distribution are stored, and where the orders of the
Ward Directors are filled. The office is open every
afternoon, except Sundays, during the winter season,
from 2 to 4 o'clock, for the transaction of business.

The Relief Union has the highest claims, and should
be cordially sustained by the citizens.

Its method of distributing relief is admitted to be the
best of any system of charity now in vogue, combining
simplicity with great economy. It is managed by gen-
tlemen who serve gratuitously, and whose only motive
is to do good. The whole expenses of the institution,
for several years, have averaged less than $300 per
year.

No money is distributed except in extreme cases, the
means of the institution being invested in goods, pur-
chased at the lowest rates.

By the thorough system of visitation and inquiiy
adopted by the managers, the relief goes where it is
most needed. The directors are familiar with the
wants of the poor of our city, and are also familiar
with the means generally adopted by impostors and the
unworthy to impose on the benevolent.

Indiscriminate giving of charity is injurious, and en-
courages vagrancy and street-begging. Many of the

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

persons who solicit charity in the streets are unworthy
of assistance. By supplying the Relief Union with
abundant means each year, the subscribers to this great
charity fund can be assured, with all confidence, that
the really needy and worthy will be properly assisted
when in distress.

The name of C. W. Starbuck will stand upon the
records of this munificent charity as that of " one who
loved his fellow-men." Its success in late years has
been largely due to his efforts.

The office of the Relief Union is in the City Build-
ings.

Officers.

Rev. J. Chester, President. S. S. Davis, Treasurer.
J. C. Morrison, Vice-Pres. Alex. Aupperle, Secretary.

Managers.

1...E. Evans Wm. Haller.

2... George C. Miller R. Allison.

3...H. Kiersted Wm. Clark, J. C. Morrison.

4... J. E. Vansant.

5...G. H. Dean John H. Balance.

6 . . . Ira Wood Henry StaufFer, Sam. Stokes.

7... Samuel Blair J. F. Leuchtenburg.

8...R. B. Moore Hugh Pugh, A. Carnes.

9...F. Beresford J. Feldwisch.

10. ..Jos. Siefert Isaac Wieser.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 141

Ward.

11. ..R. Bieman M. B. Masson.

12. ..John F. Forbus C. V. Bechman, Geo. Scheu.

13... Dr. M. Lilienthal John T. Jones.

14. ..John Webb, Jr Benjamin Groffl

15... C. W. Starbuck Carter Cook.

16.. .Wm. H. King Hiram Pugh.

17. ..Milton Glenn H. Janes.

18.. .Rev. J. Chester H. W. Taylor,

19. ..Alex. Aupperle John Whetstone.

20...Thos. Asbury Samuel Beresford.

CHILDREN'S HOME.

The idea of the reformation and training of neglected
children is of comparatively recent development. Chris-
tian philanthropy had long been accomplishing a noble
work in other directions before Raikes, wiser than he
knew, initiated the movement which has grown into
the vast system of juvenile reformation now existing.
The philosophy is correct — the twig may be bent where
all eflFort will fail to change the tree. Murray Shipley
had long been actively engaged in this department of
labor in Cincinnati, when, in 1860, the initiatoiy steps
were taken by him in a new and noble enterprise.

It was found that a portion of the city, south of Fourth
and west of Plum, was almost destitute of religious in-
struction. It embraced over thirty squares, closely popu-

142 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

lated, in which, were many tenement houses, rookeries,
and shanties, and included one ward of the city noted
as a resort for large numbers of regular thieves and
abandoned characters.

The need being felt of some evangelizing influence,
a cellar-room on Mill Street, below Third, was rented,
and there was commenced the Penn Mission Sabbath
School. The children were of the rudest and roughest
character. The numbers were limited to the capacity
of the room, about seventy ; but in November, 1863, a
three-story brick building having been erected on Park
Street, with a large hall in the third story, fitted up for
meetings and Sabbath Schools, a removal was made, and
the school at once increased to an attendance of three
hundred.

The Children's Home of Cincinnati was incorporated
December 12, 1864. The work had been previously car-
ried on by the President, Murray Shipley, and the ma-
jority of the present lady managers. There were then
a superintendent and matron employed, and thirteen
children in the Home,

Experience having shown that the boys received who
were over twelve years of age needed to be trained into
habits of industry, an appeal to our citizens met with a
ready response, and $20,000 was subscribed. As a result,
in the spring of 1867, a farm of seventy-five acres, on Col-
lege Hill, about eight miles from the city, was purchased,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 143

and is now in successful operation. This is the Chil-
dren's Home School Farm.

A Branch Home, on East Sixth Street, with a day
school, was established in January, 1868. There are
then, three departments:

1st. The Home, 19 and 21 Park Street, where the
children lire, and its day school.

2d. The School Farm, for older boys. A similar pro-
vision for girls is in contemplation.

3d. Branch No. 1, East Sixth Street, and its day school.

Religious services of various kinds are held on Sunday
and during the week. The Penn Mission Sabbath School,
on Park Street, and the Grellet Mission School, on Sixth
Street, have each an enrollment of about five hundred.

The institution aims to ameliorate and elevate the
condition of the children of poor and unfortunate par-
ents:

1st. By procuring for the homeless and destitute
who may be committed to it, in accordance with its
charter, permanent country homes in Christian families,
where they shall be trained in habits of industry, and
receive a suitable English education. They are clothed,
fed, and instructed gratuitously as long as they remain
in the institution.

2d. By aflfording a temporary home to poor children,
whose parents, thus aided, may be enabled to support
them in a short time in homes of their own.

144 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

3d, By rescuing from the education of the streets, so
ruinous in its effects, many who, for the want of cloth-
ing, books, etc., do not attend tlie Public Schools.

The following are some of the conditions in regard to
applicants for children to be placed in homes.

The applicant must live in the country, and is required
to be a member of some Evangelical Christian Church.

He is to agree to take the child into his family, clothe
and feed it comfortably, give it good common school
education, so as to enable it to enter creditably on the
ordinary duties of life.

4th. He is to agree to train it up, so far as he is able,
in the precepts of virtue and the Christian religion.

Parties having children will be expected to report to
the Superintendent every three months.

A cordial invitation is extended to all to visit " The
Home," at 19 and 21 Park Street.

In 1868, one hundred and fifty-nine children were
received into the Home, and one hundred and foui-teen
were provided with homes in the country. Thus the
grand work is going on, and hundreds of useful men
and women will hereafter rise up and pronounce blessed
this noble charity.

The Trustees of the Institution for 1869 are —
Murray Shipley, President.
O. N. Bush, Treasurer.
B. Homans, Jr,, Secretary.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 145

S. S. Fisher, W. H. Doane,

Wm. Woods, Larz Anderson,

John Shillito, G. H. Lounsbery,

H. Thane Miller.

Lady Managers.
Mary J. Taylor, Mary S. Johnson,

Hannah D. Shipley, Harriet D. Bush,

Hannah P. Smith, Aurelia S. Fisher,

Lydia S. Bateman, Cornelia B. Marsh,

Elizabeth L. Taylor, Caroline Bruce,

Priscilla Jones.

FORM OF BEQUEST.

I give and bequeath to the Children's Home of Cincinnati,

Ohio, the sum of Dollars, to be paid to the Treasurer,

for the time being, for the use of said Association.

THE GERMAN PROTESTANT ORPHAN ASYLUM

was chartered in 1849. A structure of ample dimen-
sions was erected upon Highland Avenue, Mt. Auburn,
to which extensive additions have recently been made.
The aims and modes of operation of this institution
are similar to those of the Cincinnati Asylum.

The institution is under the superintendence of Eev.
G. F. Pfafflin and Mrs. Mary Pfafflin. Under their able
and careful management, the Asylum has enjoyed most
encouraging prosperity.

146 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Children of members of the Association are admitted,
though they may have lost but one parent ; in other cases,
only those who are bereaved of both parents.

At such times as are deemed proper, the children are
placed in families, who obligate themselves to retain
them until they arrive at their majority, at which time
the boys are to receive two hundred dollars and the
girls one hundred dollars in cash.

Cooperating with the institution, is the Ladies' Prot-
estant Orphan Association, that ftirnishes all the cloth-
ing for the children.

The present improvements will cost thirty thousand
dollars, and will accommodate one hundred additional
children.

HOME FOR THE FRIENDLESS.

This praiseworthy charity, the object of which is the
reclamation of abandoned females, is under the direc-
tion and management of ladies connected with the dif-^
ferent Protestant Churches of the city. The Board of
Managers includes benevolent women who move in the
highest circles of the city, and who deserve honor for
their persevering efforts in behalf of an unfortunate
class that are regarded by many, though unjustly, as
beyond the hope of redemption. An act of incorpora-
tion was obtained in 1860.

The constitution provides as follows :

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 147

This Society shall be called "The Protestant Home
for the Friendless and Female Guardian Society."

The object of this Society shall be to seek out and
provide a home for destitute females who, having for-
saken the path of virtue, or having fallen into the hands
of the betrayer, desire to return from their evil way, and
again become respectable members of society. And it
shall be the duty of the Society to guard virtuous fe-
males (who may seek temporary protection in the Home)
from the snares of vice, by aiding them in every laud-
able way to obtain an honest livelihood and avoid
temptation. It shall be its duty also to provide tem-
porarily for destitute children, and, whenever practi-
cable, to secure for them permanent homes in respect-
able families.

The affairs of the Society shall be controlled by fif-
teen managers, to be elected, as far as practicable, to
represent the various Protestant denominations.

Any person paying the sum of from three dollars to
five dollars yearly subscription shall be entitled to a
membership in this institution, and each donor of
twenty dollars, at any one time, shall be a member for
Ufe.

The work of these noble women who are thus, through
this institution, bringing so many each year from loath-
some to virtuous lives, is a glorious one. Many who
enter the walls of the Home to attempt reformation be-

148 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

come good women, and finally become useful members
of society.

The following are statistical items from tbe last
report :

Number admitted during the year, 163 ; of these re-
turned to parents or friends, 23; provided with situ-
ations, 52 ; sent to hospital, 29 ; dismissed at their own
request, 3 ; dismissed for bad behavior, 2 ; died, 3 ; ad-
mitted for transient rest, 44.

For several years the want of accommodations was
strongly felt. Funds were raised, and in September,
1868, the corner-stone of a new building was laid.
This edifice was formally opened in April, 1869. It is
located on Court Street, between Central Avenue and
John. The Home is a handsome structure of brick,
with stone trimmings, fifty-four feet front, and four
stories high. The internal arrangements are admirable.
There is a roomy chapel, dormitories, and all needful
accommodations for one hundred and fifty inmates.

Officers.

Mrs. Bellamy Storer, President.
" K. M. Bishop,
" W. B. Chapman,

" Sarah Frankland, Corresponding Secretary.
" M. M. White, Recording Secretary.
" G. F. Bradley, Treasurer.

> Vice-Presidents.
1, )

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 149

Managers.
Mrs. E. M. Bishop, Mrs. Cyrus Mendenhall,

" C. F. Bradley, " Wm. H. Malone,

" W. B. Chapman, " B. F. Richardson,

" Sarah Frankland, " Bellamy Storer,

" Richard Gray, " Mary J. Taylor,

" G. Mendenhall, " M. M, White,

Mrs. J. F. White.

Trustees.
R. M. Bishop, President. Joseph Kinsey, Vice-Prest.
S. S. Davis, Treasurer. B. F. Brannan, Secretary.

Robert Moore.
Mrs. Geo. H. Smith, Matron.
Miss M. A. Cunningham, Asst. Matron.

FORM OF BEQUEST.

I give and bequeath unto the Protestant Home fob the
Friendless and Female Guardian Society of Cincin-
nati, Ohio, the sum of , to be paid to the Treasurer,

for the time being, for the use of said association.

LADIES UNION AID SOCIETY.

The object of this Society is to relieve the destitute
sick and the deserving poor, without regard to color,
and render aid to suffering humanity in general. It
has been in operation but a few years, but has already
done a noble work.

150 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

The number of persons who received assistance in.
1867, nearly all of whom had aid each week during
the winter, were six hundred and fifty-six.

Clothing and provisions distributed, were as follows :
Calico, 1,006 yards; tlannel, 1,186 yards; muslin,
1,096 yards; jeans, 246 yards; burlaps, 368 yards;
blankets, 72 ; comforts, 23 ; drawers, 109 pairs ; stock-
ings, 310 pairs ; underclothing. 111 ; shirts, 45 ; shoes,
65 ; dresses, 61 ; skirts, 44; sacks_, 6 ; hoods, etc., 10 ; hats
and caps, 9 ; boots, 3 pairs ; vests, 19 ; thread, 404 spools ;
bread tickets, 294; corn-meal, 1,276 quarts; hominy,
475 quarts ; beans, 519 quarts ; potatoes, 4 bushels ;
bacon, etc., 12,
The officers are :

Mrs. H. C. Whitman, President.

Mrs. Nathan Guilford, Sen., Vice-President.

Miss L. Vallette, Treasurer.

Mrs. A. L. Eyder, Secretary.

Managers.

Miss M. L. Harrison, Mrs. Henchman.

Mrs. Charles Graham, Miss L. Vallette,

" R. B. Field, Mrs. William Woods,
" J. P. Whiteman, " Bellows,

" W. J. Sampson, " J. E. Stevenson,

" E. D. Wilder, " J. Paul,

" Wesley Taylor, " E. W. Guilford,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 151

Mrs. H. S. Applegate, Mrs. H. C. Whitman,
" William Coolidge, " A.L.Ryder,

" Pitts Harrison, " N. Guild,

" William Sumner, " S. B, Brown,

" Dr. Eichardson, " J. B. Bruce.

FOWELL BUXTON MISSION SABBATH SCHOOL.

Officers.

H. B. Baily, Supt. Levi C. Goodale, Assistant.

Wm. Browne, Treas. Wm. I. Gray, "

Geo. B. Frost, Secretary.

John T. Bateman, Cyrus Mendenhall, Dr. Wm. Storer

How, Executive Committee.

This mission originated in January, 1865, beginning
with twenty-eight scholars and three teachers.

Its name was taken from that of Sir Thomas Fowell
Buxton, a prominent leader of Emancipation, in Eng-
land.

The objects are :

To gather in the neglected and destitute colored
children of our city ; to teach them the truths of the
Christian religion, to the saving of their souls, and to
relieve the physical suffering of those requiring aid.

To accomplish this, they are furnished with Bibles,
New Testaments, Sabbath School books and papers,

152 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

for their attendance, and the very needy are supplied
with clothing, after personal visitation.

To help to raise the down-trodden, to impart a love
of truth and virtue, to aid to self-respect, to help to
educate into law-abiding citizens, must be to secure the
sympathy of the Christian public every-where. To
perform it efficiently, they are dependent, to a great
extent, on the cooperation and sympathies, not only
of Christian philanthropists, but of a generous commu-
nity.

The average attendance during the year has been three
hundred and forty-three scholars, the highest being
six hundred and twelve. There are on active duty
forty-four teachers and assistants.

These represent different denominations.

ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL.

The object of this institution is to afford medical and
surgical aid and nursing to sick and disabled persons,
by a hospital and other appropriate means, and also
to provide such jjersons with the ministrations of the
Gospel.

The Hospital is located on the south-west corner of
Franklin Street and Broadway. The Association was
incorporated in January, 1866, with Henry Probasco,
William Proctor, and Thomas G. Odiorne as Trustees.

The constitution provides that this Association shall

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 153

be called "St. Luke's Hospital Association of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the City of Cincinnati,
Ohio," and has the following provisions :

The Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church of
the Diocese of Ohio shall be the President of this As-
sociation, and the Assistant Bishop First Vice-Presi-
dent. The other officers shall be three Vice-Presidents,
a Treasurer, and a Secretary, to be elected from and by
a Board of thirty-three Managers, who, together with
the said President and the members of the Board of
Council and Advice, shall be denominated " The Board
of Managers," any seven of whom shall be a quorum
for the transaction of business.

The rectors and city missionaries of the Protestant
Episcoj^al Church in Cincinnati and its vicinity shall,
together with the President of the Association and the
First Vice-President, constitute a Board, to be denom-
inated the " Board of Council and Advice," to whom
shall be committed all matters touching the religious
ministrations of this Association, and of all institutions
connected therewith.

Every person who shall contribute the sum of S5, an-
nually, to this Association, shall be a member thereof,
and every person contributing a sum not less than $500
shall be a life member thereof.

The following extracts are made from the reports of
the Board of Managers :

154 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

In 1865, it was determined that we should no longer
neglect to provide a hospital for the sick poor of all
classes, with the best medical treatment, and to afford a
suitable refuge and consolation, in sickness, for Protest-
ant Christians and all others who would choose the
benefits of such an institution. The intention was to
begin with a few beds, and to carefully increase them
as the means offered, until thirty beds should be sup-
ported. The building on the comer of Broadway and
Franklin Streets, with twenty-eight rooms, the lot one
hundred feet front on Broadway by ninety feet on
Franklin Street, was leased, with the privilege of pur-
chase at $15,000. Very soon the applicants for admis-
sion became so numerous that an immediate increase
of beds was called for, and was promptly met by the
benevolent societies of our churches, and thirty-six beds
were occupied. It was also intended to provide a free
dispensary for the poor outside of the house.

The managers have kept in mind that this hospital
must minister moral and religious support to the minds
of the suffering, as well as bodily cure; and it is in-
tended to use every effort to make this most important
part of the work more efficient. Devoted Christian
women will be accepted, and encouraged to engage as
voluntary laborers for Christ's sake, in this most noble
work, systematically and with constancy of purpose.

In admission, there has been no respect to persons on

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 155

account of creed. Of two hundred and thirty patients
admitted in 1866, the first year of the existence of the
Hospital, only thirty were Protestant Episcopalians.
All the patients have had the privilege of calling in
their own religious teachers at any time they desired.

The sacred character of the ministrations, of the
gentle influences enjoyed by those who are nursed in
an institution like this, of the awakening of their moral
sensibilities, and of the evidences of their physical and
spiritual improvement, renders it impossible to exhibit
completely its results and benefits in a brief sketch ;
and so the most interesting facts can only be made
public by those who, with gladdened hearts, restored in
mind and body, are continually passing out from its
quiet wards.

Thousands of people in Cincinnati have already seen,
and know of, the substantial benefits which have been
dispensed in the last three years. Its growth has been
quiet, but not secret; and it promises well to shine as
a bright object among the many dark things in our
large city. Hundreds have gone out testifying, with
tears of thankfulness, to the Christian charity that
raised them up to life and happiness.

Accomplished Christian ladies, who have means of
support independently of the Hospital Association, and
who have been thoroughly trained in the art of nursing
and conducting a hospital properly, reside in the insti-

156 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

tution, and work gratuitously, superintending it, and
receiving no remuneration. These are independent
Protestant Sisters, devoting their whole time in Chris-
tian charity to beneficent work. Benevolent ladies of
distinction, and of high social and intellectual culture,
are now in many places bending their energies to this
noble and elevated sacrifice — devoting their superior
qualities of mind and heart to the best interests of
mankind and of Christianity.

No one connected with the hospital receives any
payment for what they do for it, excepting the physi-
cian who resides in the hospital, under the direction of
the medical and surgical staif, and some subordinate
employes.

Persons who are sick and are able to pay for nursing,
may have suitable accommodation in the rooms of the
hospital, and be treated by their own physician, under
the rules; and those who may be strangers here, and
unexpectedly fall sick, or those who might be other-
wise inconveniently situated in a hotel or boarding
house, and require the best care, can find it here.

By paying $300 for a year, or by endowment in trust
of $3,000, benevolent societies or persons may support
or endow a single bed, and have the privilege of send-
ing a patient to occupy it for a year, or permanently.

The extent of operations of this institution is contin-
ually widening, and it is hoped that, at no distant day,

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 157

the funds will be raised to erect a commodious edifice
for its use.

The following items are from the regulations :

Application for admission of patients may be made
at the hospital, or to any member of the Executive
Committee. Patients will be admitted without refer-
ence to their religion, and may be visited by clergy-
men of their own selection.

No cases of contagious diseases are admitted. Chronic
or incurable cases will be retained no longer than med-
ical treatment and nursing are essential to the relief or
amelioration of sufiering.

The friends of patients are admitted from 10|^ to 12
A. M. every day, excepting Sundays.

All visitors are respectfully requested to leave when
the bell rings at the expiration of the visiting hour.

On Sundays visits to the patients are permitted only
in cases of extrer«e sickness.

Officers of St. Luke's Hospital Association.

Eight Rev. C. P. Mcllvaine, D. D., President.
Right Rev. G. T. Bedell, D. D., First Vice-President.

Wm. Proctor, 1

T. G. Odiorne, > Vice-Presidents.

Henry Probasco, J

158

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

William Proctor,
G. H. Barbour,

C. Wann,
Gideon Burton,
James A. Frazer,
G. K. Shoenberger,
Samuel Davis, Jr.,

D. B. Pierson,
T. G. Odiome,
S. S. Eowe,
William Walter,
R. Wilson Lee,
Isaac C. Collins,
William M. Bush,
William B. Trott,

E. J. Miller,

B. Homans, Jr.,

Managers.

H. Probasco,
John Cinnamon,
A. L. Frazer,
C. F. Bradley,
George H. Smith,
George T. Stedman,
H. D. Huntington,
W. J. M. Gordon,
John H. Hewson,
Wm. Henry Davis,
J. H. French,
William A. Proctor,
Seth L. Thompson,
H. B. Bissell,
Z. B. Coffin,
P. W. Strader.

BOARD OF COUNCIL AND ADVICE.

Eight Eev. C. P. Mcllvaine, D. D.
Eight Eev. G. T. Bedell, D. D,

Eev. Eichard Gray,
" J. H. Elliott,
" E. P. Wright,
" E. T. Kerfoot,
" Samuel Clements,

Eev. G. D. E. Mortimer,
" Francis Lobdell,
" Wm. Allen Fiske,
" Wm. A. Snively,
" D.H.Greer.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 159

KXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

T. G. Odiorne, Wm. Henry Davis,

William Proctor, G. H. Barbour,

Jolm Cinnamon, A. L. Frazer,

C. F. Bradley.

Wm. Henry Davis, Treasurer.

S. S. Eowe, Secretai'y.

AUDITING COMMITTEE.

C. F. Bradley, • Isaac C. Collins.

DAILY ATTENDING PHYSICIANS.

A. L. Carrick, M. D. H. Ludington, M. D.

B. Taylor, M. D. W. I. Wolfley, M. D.

CONSULTING PHYSICIANS.

C. G. Comegys^ M. D. Israel S. Dodge, M. D.
Geo. Mendenhall, M. D. N. Foster, M. D.

ATTENDING SURGEONS.

P. S. Conner, M. D. O. D. Norton, M. D.

CONSULTING BURGEONS.

Thomas Wood, M. D. W. H. Mussey, M. D.

OCULIST.

E. Williams, M. D.

160 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

The attention of benevolent persons, who may be dis-
posing of their property for charitable use, is directed
to the following

FORM OF BEQUEST.

I give and bequeath to " St. Luke's Hospital Associa-
tion of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the City of Cin-
cinnati, Ohio," a Corporation created in the year 18C5, under
the laws of the State of Ohio, or to the Treasurer thereof, for

the time being, for its corporate purposes, the sum of

dollars.

Dated at . »

FORM OF DEVISE OF REAL ESTATE.

I give and devise to " St. Luke's Hospital Association of
the Protestant Episcopal Church in the City of Cincinnati,
Ohio," a Corporation created in the year 1865, under the laws
of the State of Ohio, or to the Treasurer thereof for the time
being, for its corporate purposes, all that, etc. (here desci'ibe
the property). *

Dated at .

WIDOWS' HOME.

This asylum for aged women was originated in 1848.
After struggling through the first years of its existence,
it became fixed in the public opinion as an object worthy
of benevolence.

The charter was granted in 1851, the corporators being
Robert Buchanan, Edward D. Mansfield, Davis B. Law-

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 161

ler, Lucius Brigham, Eufus King, Wesley Smead, John
Stille, and others. The establishment of the Home upon
a permanent footing, was largely owing to the personal
efforts of Wesley Smead, at that time a banker of the
city.

The following description of this institution is taken
from the valuable and interesting book, lately pub-
lished, on the "Suburbs of Cincinnati."
"The object of the institution is to provide a home for
aged and indigent females, who can give satisfactory
testimonials of good conduct and respectable character.
Persons under sixty years of age are not admitted, though
this is not an invariable rule.

The fiscal affairs of the Home are under the control
of a Board of Trustees of three gentlemen, and the im-
mediate management of all matters pertaining to the
household is reposed in a Board of Managers, consist-
ing of twenty ladies. The present Matron is Mrs. M.
Oves, and the number of persons in the Home forty-
six.

The house is on the west side of Highland Avenue,
immediately opposite the German Protestant Orphan
Asylum. It consists of a large main three-story brick
edifice, facing the south, with wings of two stories on
both east and west, and a basement throughout the en-
tire building. The house is airy, with good halls, com-
fortable, well-furnished rooms, a parlor for the reception
11

162 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

of guests, and a room set apart for religious Avorship and
other meetings. The location is an eligible one, and the
surroundings desirable and pleasant.

The institution has an endowment fund, but this but
partially defrays the current expenses. The benevolence
of the community is looked to for the remainder.

The members of the family are compelled to do no
more work than is desirable. Those who are able are
expected to make their own beds and sweep their rooms
each morning, to sew, knit, assist in domestic duties, and
render all the service they can for the benefit of the in-
stitution and for those who are more helpless than them-
selves.

All that is necessary for their comfortable support is
provided from the funds of the Society, and no person
is allowed, under any circumstances, to leave the insti-
tixtion for assistance or work. Religious exercises are
supplied by Rev. Joseph Emery, City Missionary, who
preaches on alternate Wednesday afternoons. Services
are also held by Rev. J. F. Wright, pastor of the Meth-
odist Church in Mount Auburn ; Rev. J. F. Lloyd, of
High Street Church ; Rev. J. Pierson, of Mears Chapel ;
and Rev. J. M. Straeffer. In addition to these, the stu-
dents of Lane Seminary, during the session, hold regu-
lar Sabbath afternoon exercises."

This institution has done, and is doing, a noble work.
Many aged, indigent women who, in better days, were

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. ' 163

surrounded by refinement and culture, have here been
sheltered and cared for, and their declining days made
brighter by the kindly offices of Christian benevolence.
The following regulations are observed:

1. No person shall be admitted into the asylum but
those who bring satisfactory testimonials to the pro-
priety of their conduct and the respectability of their
character.

2. When they are pensioners on any church, benev-
olent institution, or society, it is expected their pen-
sions will be continued, to assist in their support, and
their funeral expenses will be defrayed.

3. No person under sixty years of age will be admit- .
ted; but the managers may, at their discretion, admit
persons under that age, if satisfied that they have be-
come helpless by premature old age.

4. Every person admitted as an inmate must pay a
fee of one hundred dollars in advance.

6. No inmate who may be dismissed, or shall quit the
asylum without the consent of the managers, will be
re-admitted.

Officers.

Mrs. A. N. Eiddle, President.
Mrs. John Shillito, Vice-President.
Mrs. Wm. Proctor, Treasurer.
Miss Clarissa Gest, Secretary.

164 * THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Managers.

Mrs. A. E. Chamberlain, Mrs. H. Thane Miller,
" R. Buchanan, " Edw. Sargent,

" C. H. Stille, " David James,

" J. P. Kilbreth, " T. Maddox,

" Lawson, " R. M. Corwine,

" G. D. Smith, " G. H. Pendleton,

" J.Graff, " McCormick,

" Thos. Butler, " Benj. Bruce,

" Oliver Perin, " Brooks Johnson,

" Eleanor Douglas, " Theo. Cook.

Matron, Mrs. Oves. Assistant, Mrs. Dryer.

Fiscal Trustees.

A. E. Chamberlain, Edward Sargent,

W. W. Scarborough.

THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION

of Cincinnati was organized in June, 1868. The idea
of its establishment originated with one of the most
active members of the Young Men's Christian Associ-
ation, a student of Lane Theological Seminary.

There had come under his attention the condition of
the poorly-paid working girls of the city, and the thought
was suggested to him of an organization that should do
for young women what another association was already
doing for young men.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 165

After much deliberation and planning, the matter
had at length become so well matured, that he deemed
it time to take others into his counsels. Accordingly,
he visited some two hundred ladies in the city, ex-
plained to them his views, showed the results he hoped
to secure, met objections with convincing arguments,
and at last won over to his views and side so many of
the earnest Christian women of the city, that he
thought a meeting might be safely called. So, one
afternoon in the summer, after two months of hard
preliminary work, in response to a call published in
the papers, a small number of ladies assembled in the
hall of the Y. M. C. A., for the purpose of forming a
Women's Christian Association, Probably the hot
weather kept some away; perhaps, too, the time was
not yet fully ripe for the consummation of the work.
At all events, after a little consultation, of a rather
informal character, the meeting adjourned to meet
again in the autumn. Early in October, invigorated
by their summer wanderings, the ladies assembled once
more.

Every one seemed to recognize the fact that the pro-
posed institution, properly managed, would prevent
the ultimate ruin of many a young stranger unused to
the dangerous allurements of city life, and give a
pleasant, cheerful home, at the mere cost of living, to
others whose meager salaries would make such com-

166 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

forts otherwise impossible. The only wonder was, that
such a work had not long ago been undertaken. This
time all meant work, and before the meeting adjourned,
the movement had been inaugurated.

The plan that was adopted, looked, in the first place,
to the establishment of a boarding-house for women.
Of course, this is but a single direction of the many
in which the association proposes to work. Its scope
•will be as comprehensive as that of the Young Men's
Association. But all the ladies seemed to feel that
more than any thing else there was needed a house
where young women, strangers in the city, either in
poorly-paid services, or in none at all, might find a
safe and comfortable home. So to the work of raising
funds for the leasing of a suitable building they at once
applied themselves.

Five thousand dollars were needed. This amount
was secured, and the association found itself upon a
firm basis of successful operation, with a host of good
friends and well-wishers.

A commodious building was leased, at No. 27 Long-
worth Street.

The churches were especially active in giving assist-
ance. All denominations joined heartily in the work,
,the Presbyterian shaking hands with the Swedenbor-
Igian, the Baptist with the Unitarian, the Methodist
and Episcopalian with the Christian. The only rivalry

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 167

was to see which society should do most good with its
money. Each church took upon itself the fitting up
of a single room, aiming in its purchases to secure
comfort. The result was, that the twenty-seven rooms
in the building were provided neatly with black wal-
nut furniture, oiled, with cheerful carpets, and other
tasteful fittings. More attractive, cozy, comfortable
rooms are hardly to be found in the city.

Upon the day of the opening of the Home, in March,
1869, these rooms were thronged. More than two
thousand persons visited them, and the visitors were
enthusiastic in their praise of the manner in which the
work had been done.

In this, as in all large cities, there exists a class pe-
culiarly needing sympathy and care. Attracted by the
glitter of a city life, or seeking a livelihood for them-
selves, many young women leave quiet country homes,
and flock to the crowded city. Far from home and
protectors, inexperienced, friendless, and alone, they
stand dismayed amid the perplexities, temptations,
and wrongs of a great metropolis. They look in vain
for a protecting hand and a sympathizing word. The
common boarding-house is no place for them, and they
can not pay half the prices demanded in those of a
better class. At this point " Evil, with proffered hand
and treacherous smile, stands ready to lead them on to
ruin."

168 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

A prominent object of the institution is to furnish to
such a temporary shelter. For these, the Home, with
its welcome, comfort, and Christian influence, is open.
It is not to be thought of as a public institution,
neither is it an ordinary boarding-house, where the
lonely ones may live friendless and forgotten. It is a
retired, pleasant home, the social and religious influ-
ences forming its chief characteristics.

A new and wide field of benevolence has thus been
entered.

The Home will become the head-quarters of the
great army of Christian women of the city. Bureaus
will be organized, and new departments of Christian
activity will be created. A field as broad as that oc-
cupied by the Young Men's Christian Association will
be opened. A work as noble, as comprehensive, as
vast, as important as the most tireless of workers could
wish, will be aSbrded.

Officers.
Mrs. Dr. John Davis, President.
Vice-Presidents.
, Mrs. S. S. Fisher, Mrs. W, W. Scarborough,

" A. D. Bullock, " J. F. Perry,

" Alphonso Taft, " Dr. E. Williams.

Mrs. H. W. Sage, Recording Secretary.
" Robert Brown, Jr., Corresponding Secretary.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 169

Mrs. Dr. W. B. Davis, Treasurer.
Miss A. C. Crossette, Auditor.

Managers.

Mrs. D, W. Clark, Mrs. George W. McAlpin,

" A. F. Perry, " Elizabeth Dean,

" B. F. Brannan, " Murray Shipley,

" C. J, Acton, " Mary J. Taylor,

" Jacob D. Cox, " W. M. Bush,

" Thane Miller, Miss Mary Fitz,

" Frank Whetstone, " Hester Smith,

" A. J. Howe, " Mary H. Sibley,

" C. L. Thompson, " Julia Carpenter.

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.

The Young Men's Christian Association of Cincin-
nati deserves a high rank among the charities of the
city. The suggestions of a wise and thoroughly earnest
and practical Christianity are carried out in its jiresent
organization and methods of labor. The scope of these,
and the means and ends of its usefulness, are well set
forth in the following language :

" The Christian Association, in proportion to its mem-
bership and their activity, becomes a moral police
wherever it is established, arresting the vicious in their
mad career, preventing much of the sin that promises
to ripen into crime, removing or diminishing, so far as

170 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

its influence extends, the teeming tenaptations of city
life, and attracting toward itself the confidence and
love of those whose rescue has thus been wrought.
By its well-arranged system of practical fraternity, the
institution provides employment for the unemployed,
homes and churches and friends for the stranger, nurses
and physicians for the sick, and all this without other
incentive than the consciousness of discharging duty and
the hope of winning souls to Christ. It makes not mem-
bership the sole title to its benefits, it exacts no oaths
of secrecy, it assumes no prerogatives of power or privi-
lege, it puts forth no pretension to peculiar sanctity."

On the evening of the 8th of October, 1848, a band
of youug men organized, in Cincinnati, a "society for
mutual improvement in grace and religious knowledge."
At first, the Central Presbyterian Church only w'as rep-
resented, but, three months later, January 8, 1849, they
bad discovered a ready sympathy with their objects on
the part of others, and the organization was extended
to all denominations, founded on the broad principle of
Christian union.

Its meetings, with a view to mental and spiritual
improvement, were occupied by reports of the members
from mission fields at a distance, of home work among
the churches of the city, and of personal experience,
especially in labors with young men whom they sought
to bring in — if Christians, to work with them ; if not

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI, 171

Christians, that they might do them good. A special
membership was provided identical with the present
" Associate Membership." Later, in 1850, a " Contrib-
uting Membership " was formed.

The society was designated, early in its history, as the
" Young Men's Society of Inquiry ; " later, April, 1849,
as the " Cincinnati Society of Religious Inquirj' ; " then,
in the spring of 1853, when the existence of similar
organizations had become known and sympathies had
been exchanged, the addition to the title of "Young
Men's Christian Union" was made; and, in 1858, the
latter title was used exclusively. In May, 1863, the
name " Young Men's Christian Association " was
adojited to secure uniformity in title with the kindred
organizations which had now been formed in every
section of the country.

The early progress of the Cincinnati society had been
gradual but sure. It became a power in the community
known and felt by a large number, especially of young
men. Its life was quickened when, in 1853, it learned
of other societies which had been established with iden-
tically the same objects, at London, in June, 1844; at
Montreal, December, 1851; and at Boston, December
29, 1851. The societies at London and Cincinnati were
entirely independent of, and unknown to, each other
until about this time. In 1853, the number of associa-
tions had increased to twenty-five.

172 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Thus, the cause had come to be a power in the whole
land, and with its growth each society grew. A con-
federation was formed of nearly all the associations on
the continent in 1855, and from that time the institu-
tion began to assume larger proportions, and greater
uniformity and wisdom of purpose.

The Cincinnati association pursued its work with
success till 1861. The breaking out of the civil war
then interfered seriously with its operations, and, for
two or three years, it practically ceased to exist.

On the 18th of July, 1865, the present society, in full
sympathy with the former organization, adopted a con-
stitution, which, as amended May 7, 1867, is now in
force.

The first meetings were held in the lecture room of
the Seventh Street Congregational Church, until a
room was procured at No. 54 West Fourth Street.

The accommodations here being insufficient, new quar-
ters were sought. The present premises of the Associa-
tion, at 200 and 202 Vine Street, were first occupied in
September, 1865. At this time, William J. Breed was
President. His administration was marked with vigor
and unprecedented success, and the institution took rank
among the leading forces arrayed against the vice, pau-
perism, and crime of the great city. In 1868, H. Thane
Miller was elected President, and the Association has
received a new impetus in its glorious work. It has

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 173

felt in its every department the earnest spirit and en-
thusiasm of such a leader.

The object of the Association is to promote the men-
tal, moral, and spiritual welfare of the young men of
Cincinnati.

The plan has been to divide the work into depart-
ments, each under the care of an efficient committee,
and to have the whole field under the supervision of
an executive board. Reports from all committees are
made in writing, once a month, and are read at the
business meeting of the Association.

The Reading Room is free to all. It has been con-
stantly open from eight A. M. to ten P, M., and has
been a pleasant resort for thousands of homeless young
men.

The Music Room adjoins the reading room, and is
made as homelike as possible, with pictures and illu-
minated texts on the walls, a piano, cabinet organ, and
other attractions. This is designed for the large class
of homeless young men who wander up and down the
streets, cheerless and forlorn, and who, because they are
homeless, are so easily beguiled into the gilded haunts
of vice and infamy. In this room they meet pleasant
faces, a smile of welcome, and a cordial grasp of the
hand.

Social meetings are held on the third Tuesday even-
ing of the month, to which ladies and gentlemen are

174 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

cordially invited. Eeadings, recitations, music, and
conversation fill the evening.

The COiSrvERSATiON Koom is open every evening,
and has been visited by not less than twenty thousand
young men during the year. As many as three hun-
dred and fifty have been present in a single evening.
All enjoy the innocent games, and as soon as they cross
» the threshold realize the necessity of gentlemanly lan-
guage and deportment. This room has kept many young
men from scenes of dissipation, and has proved the start-
ing point toward a better life.

A lyceum has been established, under the auspices of
the Association, and weekly meetings are held. Essays,
debates, and criticisms occupy the evening.

Missionary work has been carried on most successfully.
There are many institutions of relief, punishment, and
reform, with every attention paid to the physical wants
of the inmates, but no adequate provision made for their
spiritual wants. A committee was appointed to super-
vise the field, and volunteers came forward to visit
the jail, the city prison, the work-house, hospitals, and
other public institutions, on the Sabbath. Eeligious
tracts and papers were distributed, personal conversa-
tions were held with the patients and prisoners, and
religious services conducted in the wards and chapels.

A Bible class, conducted by clergymen and laymen
alternately, is held every Sunday. A noonday religious

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 175

service has been regularly sustained, and one or more
evening prayer meetings every week. On the Sabbath,
the Gospel has been proclaimed at every possible point
specially adapted to collect an audience of non-church-
goers ; parks, market-spaces, theaters, and public halls
have been turned into places of prayer.

The Stranger's Home, open during the cold season,
proved a great benefaction to hundreds of homeless wan-^
derers. A building was engaged with sutBcient space for
a large kitchen, dining room, and dormitories; charita-
ble persons, in diiFerent parts of the city, purchased tick-
ets, and, when needy persons applied to them for assist-
ance, tickets were given, with directions where to find the
"Stranger's Home." Tickets can not be converted into
money, nor spent for liquor. More than one hundred
m'^ frequently slept there at night who would otherwise
have been inmates of the station-houses. In the day-
time they were provided with plain, wholesome food, and
with bathing facilities. Cleanly habits were strictly en-
joined, good order preserved, good morals taught.

Coffee Eoom. — It is nearly three years since the
Workingmen's Coffee and Reading Room was opened
on the corner of John and Columbia Streets. It speed-
ily became self-supporting, and has proved of great
benefit to the class for whom it was specially designed.
The aim was to furnish coffee and soup as substitutes
for beer and stronger drinks, at a price so cheap that

176 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

men would come from motives of economy. The plan
was successful.

The drinking saloons in the vicinity have lost cus-
tomers, and in four instances have suspended opera-
tions entirely.

An employment register is kept, looking to the re-
lief of young men by finding for them situations.
Hundreds of young men every year receive temporary
assistance in the way of shelter, food, clothing, or
transportation to distant homes. Friendless strangers,
in hotels and boarding-houses, are cared for in sick-
ness and death. Thus widely is this glorious institu-
tion stretching the arms of its usefulness. Its achieve-
ments shall be unmeasured in time, and its far-reaching
results known only in eternity.

Officers of the Association.
H. Thane Miller, Prest. E. S. Fulton, Rec. Secy.
W. J. Breed, Vice-Prest. John H. Cheever, Treas.
H. P. Lloyd, Cor. Secy. L. Sheaff, Superintendent.

Executive. Comviittee.
H. Thane Miller, H. P. Clough,

W. J. Breed, W. R. Kidd,

H. P. Lloyd, . Cyrus S. Bates,

E. S. Fulton, L. E. Hull,

J. H. Cheever, Abuer L. Frazer,

Lang Sheaff,

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 177

Finance Oommittee.

S. J. Broadwell, Hugh McBirney,

B. Homans, Jr., W. H. Doane,

James B. Wilson, H. W. Brown,

W. F. Thorne, W. J. Breed,

Matthew Addy, Theo. Cook,

C. W. Starbuck.

Standing Committees.

BECDFTION.

Jas, C. McCurdy, Chas. E. Hayward,

C. E. Wood.

PRAYER MEETING.

Wm. G. McL. Doering, John L. Ledman,
Mr. Springit.

BIBLE CLASS.

Walter Alden, L. H. Swormstedt.

SABBATH EVENING SERVICES.

S. M. Chester, W. H. Davis.

THEATER SERVICES.

S. Lowry, Geo. E. Stev.ens,

i. A. Grover.
12

178 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

HOSPITALS.

G. H. Smith, T. B. Horton,

Jos. Eiggs.

COUNTY JAIL.

John Stuyvesant, E. M. Crevath,

W. J. Baker, Jr.

U. S. BARRACKS.

B. F. Barry, S. B. Brown,

Walter Tearne.

WORK-HOUSE.

C. Hitchcock, L. Parker,

H. J. Page, H. P. Hopkius.

FEMALE PRISON.

George Gray, D. I. Jones.

LYCEUM.

E. H. Foster.

LECTURES.

Sidney D. Maxwell, S. L. Frazer,

H. M. Taylor.

SOCIAL MEETINGS.

J. F. Crossett, T. M. Hinkle,

E. G. Hall.*

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 179

STRANGERS HOME.

J. Emery, W. S. How,

Win. B. Williamson.

EMPLOYMENT.

E. A. Holden, E. S. Lloyd,

C. S. Morten.

BOARDING HOUSES.

C. A. Aiken, H. Griggs,

W. C. Herron.

COFFEE ROOMS.

Murray Shipley, W. E. London,

S. C. Tatem.

LIBRARY AND PERIODICALS.

J. T. Perry, R. D. Barney,

H. P. B. Jewett.

COLORED ORPHAN ASYLUM.

This institution aims to accomplish for colored chil-
dren the ends contemplated in kindred organizations.
Its building is at Avondale. Statistics of its operations
are not at hand.

CINCINNATI HOUSE OF REFUGE.

This institution was established in 1850. Its support
is provided for by law, although its operations enlist the

180 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

sympathies of many who manifest their interest by sub-
stantial tokens of regard. In the magnitude of its work
and the great good accomplished by it, it yields to no
other institution. It stands a monument to the mem-
ory of the philanthropic citizens who urged its necessity,
and saw after many years the consummation of their
noble endeavors. Prominent among these gentlemen
were William Burnet, Thomas J. Biggs, George Craw-
ford, H. B. Curtis, Miles Greenwood, E. P. Langdon,
William McCammon, Joseph Eay, Alphonso Taft,
and Charles Thomas.

The object of the institution is the reformation of
depraved and unmanageable children in the city of
Cincinnati. The majority are sent here from the Police
Court. In September, 1868, there were inmates one
hundred and sixty boys and thirty-four girls. Their
mental and moral training is of the best character, and
a large number learn to excel in mechanical employ-
ments. This labor, besides its reformatory influence, is
a source of considerable income. Many leave the walls
of this institution to rise rapidly in the social scale, and
take their places as useful members of society.

Under the superintendence of H. A. Monfort, Esq.,
the House of Eefuge is fulfilling the most sanguine
hopes of its founders. No institution of its kind in the
United States is better managed.

The buildings are situated in Millcreek Valley, one

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 181

mile north of corporation line. The buildings are of
blue limestone, with windows, cornices, casings, and por-
tico of white Dayton stone, and are erected in the Gre-
cian style. The grounds belonging to the institution
contain nine and seven-eighths acres, five and three-
fourths of which are inclosed by a stone wall twenty
feet high, within which stand all the buildings except
the stable.

The " House" presents an imposing front of two hun-
dred and seventy-seven feet, and is composed of a main
building, eighty-five by fifty-five feet, four stories in
height, with towers at the extremities projecting two
feet in front, and which are five stories high, besides
the basement. In the main building are the offices,
superintendents' and officers' apartment, principal store-
room, boys' hospitals and dispensary.

Extending north and south from the main building
are two wings, each ninety-six by thirty-eight, with
towers at the extremities projecting two feet in front
and rear. The wings are four stories in height, and the
towers five, besides the basement. The buildings will
accommodate three hundred and fifty inmates, with the
requisite officers.

Board of Directors.

A. E. Chamberlain, Jos. C. Butler,

Charles Thomas, R. A. Holden,

182 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Chas. F. Wilstach, H. Thane MUler,

S. Bonner, Jas. M. Johnston,

John D. Minor.

Officers.
A. E. Chamberlain, President.
Joseph C. Butler, Treasurer.
H. A. Monfort, Superintendent and Secretary.
A. B. Chase, Assistant Superintendent.

Joseph Chester, Chaplain.
Mrs. M. Fleckinger, Matron.
Miss S. G. Paulson, Nurse.
Mrs. E. Wilson, Housekeeper.
W. H, Taylor, Acting Physician.
G. F. Magaw,
Wm. Wilcox,

Mrs. E. M. Herrick, \ '^'^^''''
Miss Auretta Hoyt,

BOARD OF HEALTH.

The Board of Health was established in 1867, and
has accomplished most desirable results. The Mayor
of the city is President, ex-offido.

John F. Torrence, President.

William Clendenin, M. D., Health Officer.

Guy W. Armstrong, Secretary.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 183

Hugh McBixney, S. S. Davis,

Charles Thomas, John Simpkinson,

J. C. Baum, John Hauck.

THE CITY INFIRMARY

is a municipal institution, affording relief in the shape
of coal, tickets to the Soup House, and admission into
the City Infirmary. The office is on Plum Street, be-
tween Seventh and Eighth. The buildings of the In-
firmary are located on the Carthage road, eight and a
half miles north of the city. The farm contains one
hundred and sixty acres of beautifully rolling land.
The spacious edifice, recently erected, is an ornament
to its vicinity, and the position commands a fine view
of the surrounding country.

Application for relief must be made to the overseers
of the poor.

The Directors of the City Infirmary are Messrs. W.
H. Watters, Ira Wood, and John Martin.

LONGVIEW ASYLUM.

This institution for the treatment of lunatics is de-
scribed elsewhere. Its Board of Directors are —

Judge John Burgoyne, President.

Hon. Joshua H. Bates, Secretary.
Hon. Jno. F. Torrence, Hon. Henry Kessler,
Joseph Siefert, Esq., Hon. John K. Green.

184 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

It has the following corps of officers :

0. M. Langdon, M. D., Supt. and Physician.
A. P. Courtwright, M, D., Assistant Physician.
K. T. Thorburn, Esq., Steward.
Mrs. Loxiisa W. Jones, Matron.

THE CINCINNATI HOSPITAL.

The object of this institution is to provide medical
attendance for the sick poor of Cincinnati. Patients
who are able to pay and non-residents incur a charge
of five dollars per week for board, medicines, and treat-
ment. The advancement of medical science is consulted
in the provision of clinical lectures, to which all medi-
cal students who have regularly matriculated in a medi-
cal college may be admitted.

The government and control of the hospital is vested
in a board of seven trustees, of which the Mayor of the
city and the director of the City Infirmary, oldest in
commission, are members ex-officio. One trustee is
appointed by the Governor of the State, two by the
Sujjerior Court, and two by the Court of Common
Pleas. The present board are —

Hon. John F. Torrence, President.
J. J. Quinn, M. D., Secretary.

B. F. Brannan, Esq., David Judkins, M. J).,

F. J. Mayer, Esq., John Carlisle, Esq.,

Ira Wood, Esq.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 185

Henry M. Jones, Superintendent.
T. E. H. McLean, Clerh
Agnes Eose, Matron.
Charles Biele, Druggist.

PHYSICIANS.

C. G. Comegys, M. D., John A. Murphy, M. D,,

John Davis, M. D., J. F. White, M. D.

SURGEONS.

W. H, Mussey, M. D., W. W. Dawson, M. D.,

H. E. Foote, M. D., Wm. Clendenin, M. D.

OBSTETRICIANS.

M. B. Wright, M. D., Geo. Mendenhall, M. D.

OCULISTS.

E. Williams, M. D., W. W. Seeley, M. D.

PATHOLOGISTS.

W. H. Taylor, M. D., Eoberts Bartholow, M. D.,

Wm. Carson, M. D,

PHYSICIAN TO PEST-HOUSE.

J. L. Neilson, M. D.

CHIEF HOUSE PHYSICIANS.

J. L. Quinn, M. D., Jas. Dawson, M. D.,

J. B. Richie, M. D.

186 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

ASSISTANT HOUSE PHYSICIANS.

S. W. Anderson, M. D., H. Illowy, M. D.,
W. W. Vinnedge, M, D.

This summary view is, of course, too limited to pre-
sent a statement of all public charitable efforts in a
city of the size of Cincinnati. No mention has been
made of the widely-extended benevolent operations of
the Masonic and other s©e^et organizations, and the
various trades' unions, through whose agencies large
sums are spent in the alleviation of human suffering.
The vast system of the Eoman Catholics, who, within
the archdiocese of Cincinnati, have two orphan asylums,
two hospitals, and six charitable institutions of different
kinds; the extensive efforts made within the bounds
of the Episcopal Church and other Protestant denomi-
nations, and other special methods, remain without full
statistics or extended notice. Ample evidence has been
given, however, that benevolent effort is wide-awake
and effective in this great metropolis, and that, in this
golden age of Charity, the Queen City may compare
its record with any.

CHAPTER VII.

The Press— Chamber of Commerce— Board of Trade-
Libraries— Literary, Scientific, and Social Organi-
zations.

Cincinnati may justly boast of the excellent
quality and liigli tone of its daily press. Nowhere
in the land, outside of New York, are newspapers
conducted upon an equal scale of expense. The jour-
nals of the Queen City challenge comparison the world
over for beauty of typography and value of contents;
while, as mediums of reaching the public, they rank
higher with advertisers than those of any other city,
New York alone excepted.

The Commercial is published in the quarto form, is
independent in politics, and claims the largest circula-
tion in the Mississippi Valley. No expense is spared
in its service of the public, and it has performed most
astonishing feats in giving the earliest publicity to im-
portant news. It keeps an impartial and sleepless eye
upon current afiairs. The Commercial is published by
M. Halstead & Co., and is issued every morning in the
week.

188 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

The Chronicle, an evening paper, is in the second year
of its existence, and full of the energy and sprightliness
of a vigorous youth. In the presentation of literary and
scientific intelligence, with its general news, it is unsur-
passed. The public spirit and sagacity of its publishers
have entitled them to the remarkable success they have
achieved. The Chronicle is Republican in politics.

The Enquirer, the Democratic organ, is one of the best
conducted newspapers in the country. Liberal in spirit
and enterprising in management, it wields enormous
power throughout the South and West. Its conductors,
Messrs. Faran & McLean, thoroughly understand the
art of journalism, and produce a paper which may
safely invite comparison.

The Gazette, Eepublican in politics, is now in the
fifty-second year of its existence, and in the full tide of
prosperity. Its various departments enlist first-class
talent, and its influence in the formation of public
opinion is immense. As a business newspaper it is in-
valuable, its columns embodying all current facts and
documents of commercial interest. Matter of permanent
historical value which is constantly appearing, makes it
most valuable for preservation.

The Times, published in the evening, is the oldest
daily in Cincinnati with one exception, having been
established in 1840. Its columns give evidence of un-
ceasing care and vigilance in the publication of all

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 189

matters of general public interest. Independent of
party, it seeks to fill all the requirements of a news-
paper for the family circle. Its weekly edition has a
circulation of nearly seventy thousand, and goes into
every State and Territory in the Union.

To meet the wants of the large German citizenship,
two dailies are published in the German language, every
morning.

Tlie Volksblatt, Republican in politics, is published by
Hof & Hassaurek,

The Volksfreund, of the Democratic persuasion, is
published by a stock company.

Each of the morning papers publish weekly editions.

The other papers and periodicals published in the city
are here given :

WEEKLIES,

American Christian Revieiv (Christian). Published
by Franklin & Rice. Circulation, 9,500.

Catholic Telegraph.

Christian Apologist (German Methodist). Circula-
tion, 16,000. Published by Hitchcock & Walden.

Christian Herald (New School Presbyterian). Circu-
lation, 8,000.

Christian World (Reformed Church). Circulation,
6,000.

Cincinnati Price Current. William Smith, Editor and
Proprietor.

190 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Cincinnati Wahrhdtsfreund (German Catholic). Cir-
culation, 14,000.

Free Nation. Published by Amos Moore.

Journal and Messenger (Baptist). Circulation, 5,500.

Literary Eclectic. Published by H. M. Moos.

Presbyter (Old School Presbyterian). Circulation,
5,200. Published by Monfort & Wampler.

Protestantische Zeitblatter. Published by Edw. Luther.

Railroad Record. Published by Wrightson & Co.

Temperance Age. John Gundry, Editor and Pro-
prietor.

Sendbote (German Baptist). Circulation, 3,000. Eev.
P. W. Bickel, Editor.

The Deborah. Published by Bloch & Co.

The Israelite. Published by Bloch & Co.

The Star in the West (Universalist). Circulation,
5,300. Published by Williamson & Cantwell.

Western Christian Advocate (Methodist). Circulation,
25,000. Published by Hitchcock & Walden.

SEMI-MONTHLY.

Sunday School Advocate (Methodist).
Sunday School Bell (German Methodist). Eev. W.
Nast, D. D., Editor.

MONTHLY.

Children's Home Record. Rev. B. W. Chidlaw, Editor.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 191

Christian Press. Circulation, 23,000. Rev. B. P. Ay-
delott, D. D., Editor.

Christian Pulpit. Eev. N. Summerbell, D. D., Ed-
itor.

Dental Register. Dr. J. Taft, Editor.

Eclectic Medical Journal. J. M. Scudder, M. D., Ed-
itor.

Family Treasure. Eev. Jos, Chester, Editor.

Journal of Medicine. George C. Blackman, M. D.,
Editor.

Ladies^ Repository. Circulation, 24,000. Rev. I. W.
Wiley, D. D., Editor.

Lancet and Observer. Dr. E. B. Stevens, Publisher.

Medical Repository. J. A. Thacker, M. D., Editor.

Masonic Review. Cornelius Moore, Editor.

National Normal. R. H. Holbrook, Editor.

Phonographic Magazine. Benn Pitman, Publisher.

Painter's Magazine.

Sabbath School Missionary. Circulation, 22,000. West-
ern Tract & Book Society.

Scemann (German Baptist). Circulation, 10,000.

Sabbath Paper. Circulation, 12,000. Western Tract
& Book Society.

The Treasury (Welsh). Charles Bathgate, Editor.

The Theological Eclectic. Moore, Wilstach & Moore,
Publishers.

Temperance Review. John Mofiatt, Editor.

192 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

QUARTERLY.

The Christian Quarterly, Rev. W. T. Moore, Editor.

Cincinnati, with its numerous newspapers and peri-
odicals, produces also, largely, literature of a more
permanent character, ranking fourth among American
cities in the manufacture of books. An immense capi-
tal is embarked in the publishing business. Messrs.
Wilson, Hinkle & Co., publish a series of text-books, of
which over three million copies are sold annually. It
is the largest publishing house of elementary school
books in the world. The Methodist Book Concern
publish over twenty-five hundred separate volumes, and
turn out, under the supervision of the veteran printer,
R. P. Thompson, work which can challenge comparison
with the finest printing done in the Atlantic cities.
The Elm Street Printing Company, besides other busi-
ness, print more than twenty difierent periodicals, which
distribute to the public annually over fifty million pages
of reading matter.

THE CINCINNATI CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

This organization, which has attained such influence
and prominence in its relations to the commerce of the
United States, was established in 1839. The following
board of officers was elected January 14, 1840 :

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 193

Griffin Taylor, President.

Vice-Presidents.

E. G. Mitchell, Thomas J. Adams,

John Reeves, S. B. Findley,

Peter Neflf, Samuel Trevor.

B. W. Hewson, Treasurer.

Henry Eockey, Secretary.

Subsequent Presidents have been Lewis Whiteman,

E. G. Mitchell, Thomas J. Adams, James C. Hall,
N, W. Thomas, E. M. W. Taylor, James F. Torrence,
Joseph Torrence, J. W. Sibley, Jos. C. Butler, George

F. Davis, Theodore Cook, S. C Newton, and John A.
Gano.

The object in view was to afford occasion and place
for the discussion of all leading questions of mercantile
usage, of matters of finance, and of laws affecting com-
merce, and also to collect information in relation to
commercial, financial, and industrial affairs that might
be of general interest and value ; to secure uniformity
in commercial laws and customs; to facilitate business
intercourse and to promote equitable principles, as well
as the adjustment of differences and disputes in trade.

OFFICERS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

President.
John A. Gano.

194 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Vice-Presidetits.
J. II. Freucb, H. M. Johnston,

A. L. Frazer, Wm. Henry Davis,

S. F. Covington, Florence Marmet.

William Shaffer, Treasurer.
George McLaughlin, Secretary.
William Smith, Sup't Merchants Exchange.

THE BOARD OF TRADE OF CINCINNATI.

This organization was formed in 1868, to represent
and promote the immense industrial interests which
make Cincinnati the third in importance of manufac-
turing cities in the United States, Its effort will be to
collect and record such local and general statistical
information relating to manufactures and commerce
as may promote the manufacturing, commercial, and
financial welfare of the city of Cincinnati, and espe-
cially to protect, foster, and develop its manufacturing
and industrial interests.

Any person, a resident of Cincinnati, or of Hamilton
County, State of Ohio, or of Campbell or Kenton
Counties, State of Kentucky, or any firm or corporation
doing business within said limits, if approved by the
Executive Board of Officers, may become an active
member of this association upon payment of the annual
dues prescribed.

THE CITY OF CIKCINNATI. 195

Executive Board.
Miles Greenwood, President.
Eobert Mitchell, First Vice-President.
A. T. Goshorn, Second Vice-President.
S. S. Davis, Treasurer.

Trustees.
Joseph Kinsey, M. Kleiner,

James L. Haven, Josiah Kirby,

A. P. C. Bonte.

H, H. Tatem, Seci'etary.

LIBRARIES.

The Public Library is under the direction of a
Board of Managers chosen by the Board of Education.
This Board of Managers is now as follows :

J. M. Walden, Chairman. J. B. Powell, Sedy.
M. D. Hanover, Treasurer.
Eufus King, Eobert Brown, Jr.,

H. Eckel, S. S. Fisher.

The number of volumes in the library is 23,786. Of
these, 16,196 volumes belong to the Public Library,
5,852 volumes to the Ohio Mechanics Institute, and
1,738 volumes to the Historical Society of Obio. This
extensive collection is for the free use of all residents
of the city. It is constantly growing, and in time will

196 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

occupy a new building whicli, in convenience of ar-
rangement, will be surpassed by none in the land.

YOUNG MEN'S MERCANTILE LIBRARY.
This institution was establisbed in 1835. Moses Ean-
ney was the first President. Its members now number
2,141. The libraiy contains 30,499 volumes.

The library and reading rooms are handsomely fitted
up and are well stocked with books in every depart-
ment of general literature, and newspapers and period-
icals from all parts. There is no more pleasant resort
than these rooms, in the College building on Walnut
Street, above Fourth.

Officers.
Frank H. Baldwin, President.
Albert W. Mullen, Vice-President.
W. E. Looker, Corresponding Secretary.
Charles B. Murray, Recording Secretary.
Hugh Colville, Treasurer.

Directors.
James M. Clark, Samuel McKeehan,

John J. Rickey, Alexander Clark,

William T. Tibbitts.
M. Hazen White, A. M., Librarian and Sup't.
W. E. Barnwell, A. B., First Assistant.
A. McLean, Second Assistant.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 197

GENERAL THEOLOGICAL AND RELIGIOUS LIBRARY.
The association controlling this collection was formed
in 1864. Its object is to form a complete collection of
religious literature, representing every creed and every
shade of theological belief An apartment in the edi-
fice of the Mechanics Institute, on the corner of Sixth
and Vine, is occupied at present. The library com-
prises 3,800 volumes.

THE LAW LIBRARY,

one of the best in the country, is alluded to elsewhere.

The above embraces the principal collections in the
city, though there are many others of minor impor-
tance.

The limits of this volume will not suffice to mention,
at length, the various associations, literary, scientific,
social, and otherwise, which exist in Cincinnati, and
give tone to public opinion and means of social im-
provement. A few of these will, however, be noticed.

CINCINNATI HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

This society was organized in 1843, Eobert Buchanan
being one of the most active of its originators. Its
career has been a prosperous one, and its influence has
been felt far and wide in the promotion of knowledge
and achievements in the growth of fruits and flowers.

198 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

Exhibitions are held semi-annually. The President

of the Society is W. P. Anderson, Esq.

ACADEMY OF MEDICINE.

This organization, formed in 1867, meets weekly, for
the discussion of appropriate subjects, and for other
objects of special interest to the medical profession.
W. W. Dawson, M. D., is President.

THE HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

was organized in 1824, and has been of great value in
preserving facts relative to the history of the West,
and in subserving the interests of science and litera-
ture generally. Robert Buchanan is its President.

THE OHIO MECHANICS INSTITUTE

was incorporated in 1829. It provides, annually, at
a mere nominal cost, the best instruction in practical
branches of knowledge for any who choose to partake
of its benefits.

THE PIONEERS ASSOCIATION

is composed of the early settlers and those born here
previous to July 4, 1812. It was organized in 1856,
and celebrates, each year, the settlement of Ohio, upon
the 6th of April, and the settlement of Cincinnati,
upon the 26th of December. Thomas H. Yeatman is
its President.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 199

THE YOUNG MENS' GYMNASTIC ASSOCIATION

is alluded to elsewhere in this volume.

THE GERMAN PIONEER xVSSOCIATION

was organized in 1868, and now numbers about three
hundred members. It publishes a monthly periodical,
which will embody much valuable information in regard
to pioneer history. Through the kindness of the officers
of the society, the engraving of Cincinnati in 1802 has
been furnished.

LANE SEMINARY

has long been a prominent institution of Cincinnati. Its
early history made it known and famous throughout the
country, associating with it the names of Rev. Dr. Ly-
man Beecher, Eev. Dr. Thomas Biggs, Eev. Calvin E.
Stowe, and others. Situated at Walnut Hills, it has
made that locality marked as the point whence have
gone forth hundreds of ministers who are now laboring
in every quarter of the globe. The library is one of
the best in the United States, containing about fifteen
thousand volumes.

The present faculty consists of Eev. D. Howe Allen,
Emeritus Professor of Systematic Theology ; Eev. Henry
Smith, Professor of Sacred Ehetoric and Biblical Liter-
ature ; Eev. Henry A. Nelson, Professor of Systematic
and Pastoral Theologv; Eev. Edward D. Morris, Pro-

200 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

fessor of Ecclesiastical History and Churcli Polity,
and Rev. Llewelyn J. Evans, Professor of Hebrew and

Greek Exegesis.

Cincinnati may be proud of its provisions for the edu-
cation of females. Among the many institutions of this
kind may be mentioned the Wesleyan Female College,
which is described elsewhere. Professor Lucius H. Bug-
bee is now the President. Professor C. C. Bragdon
occupies the chair of ancient languages.

THE MOUNT AUBURN YOUNG LADIES' INSTITUTE,

established in 1856, has always held the first rank as a
school of thorough culture and the best advantages.
Its admirable location and facilities for its work con-
tinue to attract to it a large number of pupils. Rev.
A. J. Rowland is at the head of this institution.

THE CINCINNATI LITERARY CLUB,

John "W. Herron, President; John M. Newton, Secre-
tary, is well sustained. Besides this, there are the
Burns, Davenport, Old Woodward, Shakspeare, St.
Elmo, U. C. D. and Yale Clubs, all with hosts of friends,
and enjoying a vigorous life. The association of Ger-
man Turners wields great influence. The Allemania,
Caledonia, and St. George Societies are well-known
organizations.

O
R

"^'

\«» ^

^.\lt^%

!£?i

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 201

The Mannerchor, the Harmonic, Cecilia and other
musical societies, which are amply supported, give evi-
dence of cultivation and taste in the divine art.

This hasty survey will give but a glimpse at the social
elements of Cincinnati, There is a high social, intel-
lectual, and religious tone, and true public spirit. Its
private collections of literature and art are famous, and
in all that aids and adorns civilization, this great me-
tropolis need not fear comparison with older American
cities.

CHAPTER YIII.

Items of Caution and Notice— Hobse-car Routes— Fire-
alarm Stations— Lines of Outward Travel— Miscel-
laneous.

Mfs(i'HE stranger in any large city may avail himself
'^ of facilities which will soon make him entirely
at home, and almost independent of the vague
information to be obtained by asking questions. In
Cincinnati, Williams & Co.'s Directory, prepared with
great accuracy, and to be found at every hotel, will
give almost all items of knowledge desired by the vis-
itor.

No more than a word is needed here to caution per-
sons against being imposed upon by the various " con-
fidence games " which have been so often exposed.
Pickpockets are emphatically a city " institution," and
wherever there is a crowd, it is well to beware of them.
Money should never be shown among strangers, and
large sums should always be deposited in bank, or in
other trustworthy hands.

All the banks and express offices require identifica-
tion of persons drawing money or obtaining goods.

Race &Pearl Sts .|y

To our Friends and tlie Public :

Having removed to our splendid neiv five-story stone-front httildings,
Kos. 85 and 87 Bcwe Street, two doora south of the corner of Race and
Pearl Streets, we take great pleasure in announcing to our numerous
customers and friends, that we enter these new buildings with in-
creased facilities every way for furnishing a large and well-selected stock
of Groceries at the very lowest prices. Mr. R. M. Bishop, the senior
member of the firm, who will give his personal attention, as hereto-
fore, to purchasing for the house, has had forty years' experience as
a merchant, and twenty-two years of that time in the

Wholesale Grocery Business,

in this city, and we feel assured that he can and will buy our stock at
such advantages as will enable us to sell at lower rates than houses
that have not our experience or our facilities.

As the reputation of our house is so well established, we do not
think it necessary to send solicitors or drummers through the coun-
try, but prefer to give our customers the advantage of this very con-
siderable expense, and tee will do it with all who may send us their
orders. All we ask is to gice ns a fair trial, and we feel confident that we
will be able to give entire satisfaction.

Our stock of

TEAS, TOBACCOS, AND CIGARS

will always be found large and comxilete — selected with great care and
purchased from first hands. This branch of our business will bo
under the special charge of one of the firm, and we feel confident we
can offer inducements in these articles.

Call and see us at our Neiu Stores, Nos. 85 Sf 87 Race Street,

and you will always receive a cordial welcome; but, if not convenient
to visit the city, send us your orders, and you can rely upon their being
promptly and satisfactorily filled.
Respectfully,

R. M. BISHOP Sc CO.,

S5 and 87 Race Street.

Geo. S. Blanchard & Co.,

Call attention to their well-assorted stock of Books and Sta-
tionery. Their established reputation and long experience
guarantee faithful and intelligent dealing with tlieir custom-
ers. Book-buyers will find upon their shelves a select stock
of Standard works in every department of Literature. His-
tory, Poetry, Science, Fiction, Belles-Lettres, etc., are well
represented. AH New Publications are promptly received.
Parties residing at a distance from the city will find it very
much to their advantage to correspond with G. S. B. & Co.,
in reference to whatever they may wish in their line. Par-
ticular attention is given to supplying College, Society, and
Private Libraries. To Purchasers for Libraries, Professional
Men, Teachers, and Students, liberal terms are offered. Every
variety of Stationery, Blank Books, Writing Papers, and En-
velopes will be furnished at the lowest rates.

The Public are requested to call and examine our stock ; or,
if unable to visit Cincinnati, to communicate with us by Let-
ter. All orders will receive prompt attention, and informa-
tion of the prices at which articles can be furnished will be
cheerfully given.

GEO. S. BLANCHARD & CO.,

No. 39 West Fourth St., Cincinnati.

Messrs. Geo. S. Blanchard & Co. will publish, in May,
1869, a volume descriptive of the

SUBURBS OF CINCINNATI.

"No inland city hi the world surpasses Ciuciuuati iu the beauty of
its environs."— Atlantic Monthly.

Tiie work will embrace a historical sketch of each of the
principal suburban localities and detailed descriptions of the
various attractions and beauties which have given the en-
virons of Cincinnati a wide celebrity. It will possess great
interest for every resident of the city and every tourist who
visits the " Queen of the West."

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 203

The routes of the street cars are given below. The
fare is six cents to any part of the city, with the ex-
ception of Mount Auburn.

CINCINNATI STREET E. E.

ROTTTE.— Cars start from the corner of Fourth and "Vine
Streets ; thence north on Vine to Seventh Street ; thence west
on Seventh to Freeman ; thence north on Freeman to Ham-
ilton road; thence (returning) south on Freeman to York
Street ; thence east on York, to Linn ; tlieuce south on Lynn
to Ninth Street; thence east on Ninth to Walnut; thence
south on Walnut to Fourth ; thence west on Fourth to Vine
Street.

CITY PASSENGEE STEEET E. E.

Office, north-west corner Fourth and Main Streets. Route.
—Cars start from the intersection of Fourth and Main Streets;
thence west on Fourth to John; thence north on John to
Fiudlay ; thence west on Fiudlay to Baymiller ; thence north
on Baymiller to Bank Street ; thence west on Bank Street
to Patterson; thence north on Pattei-son to Harrison pike;
thence east on Harrison pike to Cumminsville pike; thence
(returning) south on Central Avenue to Fifth Street ; thence
east on Fifth to Main ; thence south on Main to place of be-
ginning.

PASSENGEE STEEET E. E.

Office, north-west corner Fourth and Main Streets. Route.
—Cars start from the corner of Third and Lawrence Sti'eets;
thence nortli on Lawrence to Fourth ; tlience west on Fourth
to Smith ; thence north on Smith to Fifth ; tlience west on
Fiftli to north-west corner of Fifth and Freeman; thence
(returning) east on Fifth, by double track, to Wood Street;
thence south on Wood to Third ; thence east on Third to
place of beginning.

PENDLETON STEEET E. E.

Office, north-west corner Third and Lock Streets. Route
No. 5 commences at Fourth and Walnut ; up Walnut to Fifth ;

204 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

east on Fifth to Broadway ; south on Broadway to Pearl ; east
on Pearl to junction with Front Street at Little Miami Depot;
thence east on Front to Washington, the terminus— return-
ing by Third and Martin Streets to Pearl ; west on Pearl to
Broadway ; up Broadway to Fourth ; west on Fourth to Wal-
nut. Route No. 7 commences at Washington Street, termi-
nus of Route No. 5; thence east on Front Street to Sports-
man's Hall and Ohmer's Garden— returning, by double track,
to Washington Street. Distance from Fourth and Walnut to
Sportsman's Hall, four and one-fourth miles ; time, every six
minutes. The cars on this road pass the Little Miami Depot
and the Dry Docks and ship-yai-ds of Fulton. Steam cars
every fifteen minutes from Ohmer's Garden to Columbia;
also Horse-cars from Miami Depot, along Front Street, to the
Suspension Bridge, connecting with all trains on the Little
Miami Road. To Fourth and Walnut daily, four-horse cars
connect with each train on Miami Road.

COVINGTON CITY RAILWAY.

Office, Thirteenth and Madison, Covington. Route No. 2.—
From Cincinnati side of Suspension Bridge to Second Street;
on Second to Scott; on Scott to Third ; on Tliird to Madison ;
thence to Eighteenth Street; return the same route to Third
and Scott; thence on Third to Greenup; on Greenup to Sec-
ond ; on Second to Bridge ; and across the Bridge to Cincin-
nati.

STORES AND SEDAMSVILLE STREET R. E.

Cars leave Sedamsville, going east, at 6 A. M., and every
fifteen minutes thereafter, during the day, up to 7 P. M.
Leave foot of Sixth, going west, at 6 : 30 A. M., and every fif-
teen minutes thereafter, during the day. Night car leaves
Sedamsville at 7, 8, 9, and 10 P. M., going east— and foot of
Sixth Street at 7:30, 8:30, 9:30, and 10:30 P. M., going west.
The line of this road commences at foot of Sixth Street, and
runs along the River road, through Sedamsville, to Readers-
ville, a distance of three miles.

CUMMIN3VILLE AND SPRING GROVE R. R.

Offices, Gate No. 1, Spring Grove Avenue, and at Cummins-
ville. Cars leave Beukeustein's Garden every ten minutes,

a^SPEE'"S F®Ei0BI#miEi

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It is one of the wonders of journalism — the editorial management
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The model newspaper of our country — complete in all the depart-
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for itself a right to its title, " A Journal of Civilization." — N. Y.
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This paper furnishes the best illustrations. Our future historians
will enrich themselves out of Harper's Weekly long after writers and
printers and publishers are turned to dust. — New York Evangelist.

The articles upon public questions which appear in Harper's
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A Supplement, containing numerous full-sized Patterns of useful
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Harper's Bazar contains, besides pictures, patterns, etc., a variety
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specially adapted to the circle it is intended to interest and instruct ;
and it has, besides, good stories and literary matter of merit. — New
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It has the merit of being sensible, of conveying instruction, of giv-
ing excellent patterns in every department, and of being well stocked
with good reading matter. — Walcliman and Reflector.

To dress according to Harper's Bazar will be the aim and ambition
of the women of America. — Boston Transcript.

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Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and Harper's Bazar, to one
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Address HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.

THE

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Geo. B. Lester, Actuary. Chas. E. Wilson, AssH Sec'y.

R. D. HARRISON, Oolumbvs,
Gen. Agent /or Ohio.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 205

running on Spring Grove Avenue to Cumminsville and
Spring Grove Cemetery. Distance, two miles from Cincin-
nati to Cumminsville ; do., three miles to Spring Grove Cem-
etery—returning same route every ten minutes. Last car
leaves Benkenstein's at 11 P. M. Fare to Cumminsville, ten
cents; to Spring Grove, fifteen cents. Cars start at 6 A. M. ;
connect with John Street aud Freeman Street Lines. Depot,
one square from Brighton House. Strangers wishing to visit
Spring Grove Cemetery can procure tickets at the office of
Secretary Samuel B. Spear, Pike's Opera House, up stairs,
or at the first toll-gate on the road.

MT. AUBURN AND CINCINNATI STREET E. R.

Office, 232 Main Street. Route.— From Fifth, up Main, to
Orchard; thence to Sycamore— returning on Liberty, Main,
Court, and Walnut Streets. Time, every fifteen minutes.
From corner Sycamore and Liberty, cars ascend the hill to
Mount Auburn ; return same route. Time, thirty minutes.
First car down, 6 A. M. ; last car up, 9 : 15 P. M.

FIRE-ALARM STATIONS.
The number of the box signaling the fire will be
struck upon the bells of all the engine houses, together
with that upon the Mechanics Institute. For exam-
ple: To announce an alarm from signal box No. 24,
the bells will be struck twice, and after a pause of
five seconds, will be struck four times: thus, 2 — 4.
If from No. 124, thus, 1—2^. The number of the
box will be repeated at intervals of twenty seconds
until a sufficient alarm has been sounded.

LIST OF SIGNAL BOXES.

1. Eng. House No. 15,Observ- 3. Cent. Avenue and Sixth,
atory and Pavilion Sts. 4. Eng. House No. 14, Fifth

2. Fifth and Elm. near Smith.

206

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

5. Third and Sinitli. 48.

6. Second and John. 49.

7. Front and Smith. 51.

8. John and Clark.

9. Front and Elm. 52.

12. Engine House No. 1, Race 53.
and Commerce. 54.

13. Walnut and Second. 56.

14. Front and Main. 57.

15. Second and Sycamore. 58.

16. Front and Broadway. 59.

17. Front and Pike. 61.

18. Little Miami R. R. Depot, 62.
west end. 63.

19. Engine House No. 6, Pearl 64.
and Martin. G5.

21. Third and Lock. 67.

23. Fifth and Lock. 68.

24. Eng. House No. 10, Third 69.
and Lawrence. 71.

25. Market and East Front
(Drugstore). 72.

26. Main and Pearl. 73.

27. Third and Vine. 74.

28. Third and Elm. 75.

29. I. & C. R. R. Depot, Pearl 76.
and Plum. 78.

31. Fourth and Central Ave. 79.

32. Fourth and Race. 81.
S4. Fourth and Walnut.

35. Vine and Water. 82.

36. Sixth and Main. 83.

37. Fifth and Sycamore.

38. Sixtli and Broadway. 84.

39. Eiglith and Miami Canal. 85.

41. Eng. House No. 4, Syca- 86.
more and Wlietstoue Al. 87.

42. Eighth and Walnut. 89.

43. Seventh and Race. 91.

45. Ninth and Elm.

46. Marine Railway, Fulton. 92.

47. Eighth and Mound. 93.

Seventh and Cutter.
Sixth and Park.
Eng. House No. 2, Ninth
and Freeman.
Seveutli and Baymiller.
Sixth and Baymiller.
Fifth «& I. & C. R. R. B'dge.
Fourth and Mill.
Front and Mill.
Wood and Front.
Sixth and Freeman.
Sixth and Harriet.
Sixth and Front.
Eighth and Harriet.
Gest and Harriet.
Richmond and Linn.
Court and Cutter.
Richmond and John.
Plum and South Canal.
Eng. House No. 5, Vine,
north of Court.
Twelfth and Race.
Twelfth and Walnut.
Court and Main.
Eighth & Accommodat'n.
Hunt and Broadway.
Sycamore and Abigail.
Spring and Woodward.
Eng. House No. 7, Webster,
bet. Main and Sycamore.
Liberty and Pendleton.
Junction of Lebanon and
Montgomery Roads.
North Mount Aaburn.
Mason St., Mt. Auburn.
Sycamore and Schiller.
Mulberry and Locust.
Vine and Mulberry.
Eng. House No. 12, Ham-
ilton Road and Vine.
Walnut and Liberty.
Walnut and Mercer.

WESTERN METHODIST BOOK CONCERN,

HITCHCOCK & WALDEN, Agents,

A GENEEAL EELIGIOUS PUBLISHING HOUSE,

CllSrCTlSrNJ^'Tl, 190 ^KV. Foxirtli St.
CHICAGrO, 66 ^Vashington St.
ST. L.OTJIS, <tl3 Locust St.

This House publishes all standard Methodist works. Also,

Theological Works, Coininentariesy Christian biography fCtc*

And about Two Thousand dififerent Books for

Also constantly on hand a full assortment of the best Books for Sunday -scboola and
the Family, from other Publishing Houses. The

GERMAN DEPARTMENT

Comprises Theological Works, and Books for the Family, and for Sunday-schools. A
good supply of imported German Books also kept on haud.
OyCatalogues sent, post-paid, on application.

Address Hitclicoclc «& "Waltlen,

Cinciimati, Cttieago, or St. Louis.

Published by the Same:

THE LADIES' REPOSITORY AND HOME MAGAZINE,

A Literary and Religious Monthly for the Family. Each number illustrated with
Original Stekl Engravings and first-class Wood Engravings, and containing
eighty super-royal octavo pages of reading matter.

Price, $3 50 per year. Specimen number sent on receipt of thirty cents.

GOLDEN HOURS.

A first-class illustrated Monthly Magazine, for Children and Young people. It con-
tains a large variety of Literary Matter — Tales, Travels, Biography, Science, Natural
History, Incidents, etc. Each number contains 48 large octavo pages, printed on fine
paper.

Price S2 00 per year. Specimen number sent on receipt of twenty cents.

For either the Ladies' Repository or the Golden Hours, address,

HITCHCOCK & WAIi]>£N,

CincitDiaii, Chicar/o, or SI. Z,otiis.
CARLTON & LANAHAN, New York,

Family Religions Papers Published by Hitchcock A Walden.

Wbstekn Christian Advocate, Cinciunati, $2 us per year.

Northwestern Thristian Advocate, ('hirago. 111 2 Hi

Central Christian Advocate, St. Louis Mo 2 .ou

Methodist Advocate, Atlanta, Ga 2 00

Christian Apologist (German), Cincinnati, 2 fHJ

Sandabudet (Swedish), Chicago, 111 2 of)

STJiTiD.A.Tr-scTa:ooXi ipj^i'Easts.

Sunday-School .\dvocate, Cincinnati, Chicago, and St. Louis. Single
copies, 40 cents per year. To clubs^ ?..') cents per year.

Sunday-School Bell (German), (Cincinnati. Single copies, 40 cents a
year. To Clubs, 35 cents per year.

PHILIP PHILLIPS & CO.,

37 Union Square, Broadway ,

NEW YORK,

WHOLESALE ANK RETAIL DEALERS IN

S. J). & U. W. SMITH'S

Unrivaled American Organs,

SUPERIOR PIAJVOS and MELODEONS,

ANB PUBLISHERS OF

" Sinking Pilgfim," " Musical Leaves," " Hallowed Songs,"

"Fresh Leares," "New Standard Singer," and

New Sunday School Music.

Liberal discounts to the trade, and terms favorable to Churches,
Schools, Ministers, and Teachers. Price list of Instruments and
Books sent to any address by mail when desired, free of charge.

Address,

fHITLIf PHirLIPS & CO.,

37 Union Square, Broadway, New York.

Ah lUustrated Weeily of Hi handsome folio pages, for Oie

Farm, Grarderi, and Fireside,

EDITED BY

X>OjN"A.1LiI> O. ^VtlTCHJELL,

HA.ItR.rE2T' IBEECHER. !STO"\rE:,

Assisted by a corps of able editors and contributors in all departments.
HEAKTH AND HOME has now reached its eighth number, and meets
with universal favor from ;ill classes of persons in town and countrj'.

It contains every week original articles by the best American
writers, each in his own Department on

Fariuinsr. Rnral Aroliitectare,

Poultry Rnising, Fruit drOTt-ing',

Oartlening, Floner Culture, etc.

In its Literary Department it includes the choicest original reading
for all members of the family : Adventures by Sea and Land, Pure
and Elevating Stories, Sketches, Biographies, Poems, etc.

THC BOYS AK]> OlRIiS

Will be specially provided for, and will find their own page always
lighted with Fun in Pictures and Fun in Stories, so tempered with good
teaching that we hope to make them wiser and better while we make
them merrier.
Terms. — Single copies $4, invariably in advance ; 3 copies $10 ; 5 copies $15.

PETTENGILL, BATES & CO., 87 Park Bow, New York.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

207

M. Race and Fourteenth,

95. Vine and Milk.

96. Elm and Liberty.

97. Elm and Findlay.

98. Hamilton Road and Elm.
121. Eng. House No. 13, Bank,

bet. Cent. Ave. & Linn.

123. Central Ave. and York.

124. Linn and York.

125. Poplar and Linn.

126. Central Ave. & Liberty.

127. John and Wade.

128. Central Ave. & Clinton.

129. Bast end of Seventeenth
Ward.

131. Eng. House No. 8, Cutter,
bet. Laurel and Betts.

132. Linn and Clark.

134. Baymiller and Laurel.

135. Freeman and Hopkins.

136. Freeman and Everett.

137. Linn and Everett.

138. Baymiller and Liberty.

139. Freeman and Findlay.
141. Freeman and Bank.

142.
143.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
151.
152.
153.

154.
156.

158.
161.

162.
163.
164.
165.
171.
172.

Cent. Ave. & Baymiller.
Brighton House.
Briglaton St. & Cent. Ave
Third and Coliard.
Ninth St. Police Station
Bremen St. Police Stat'n
Fulton Police Station.
Hammond St. Police St'n.
Cent. Ave. Police Station.
Little Miami Loconrotive
Works.

John and Water.
Harrison Road, we.st of
Millcreek Bridge.
Eng. House No. 11, East
Front and Vance.
Farmers Hotel, Fulton.
Central Station, Sixth and
Vine.

Front, west of Millcreek.
Gest, west of Millcreek.
Western Ave. and Bank.
Fourteenth and Race.
Walnut Hills.
Work-house.

Cincinnati has five railroad depots, including one in
Covington, which are used by thirteen different lines.
These are designated as follows :

Dayton Depot, Hoadly Street, between Fifth and
Sixth Streets.

Covington Depot, Eighth and Washington Streets,
Covington.

Indianapolis Depot, Plum and Pearl Streets.

Little Miami Depot, Kilgour and Front Streets.

208 THE CITY OP CINCINNATI.

Ohio and Mississippi Depot, West Front Street, corner
of Mill Street.

The ticket offices can be found under the Burnet
House.

The following tables will give the chief lines of rail-
way leading out of Cincinnati, with principal inter-
mediate and connecting points, and names of general
officers in Cincinnati.

CINCINNATI, HAMILTON AND DAYTON R. R.

Connecting for Richmond, Connersville, Rushville,
Cambridge City, Dayton, Lima, Fort Wayne, Chicago
and the North-west ; Sandusky, Cleveland, and Buffalo,
Toledo, Detroit, and ail Points in Canada. (Dayton
Depot.)

D. McLaren, General Superintendent.

Samuel Stevenson, General Ticket Agent.

CINCINNATI AND ZANESVILLE R. R.

Morrow, Wilmington, Circleville. (Little Miami
Depot.)

ERIE AND ATLANTIC AND GREAT WESTERN R. R.

One thousand two hundred and fifty miles under one
tuanagement ; eight hundred and sixty miles without
change of coaches. The entire Broad-Guage Line from

JUST PUBLISHED BY

FIELDS, OSGOOD £ CO., BOSTON.

CHARI^ES REAI>£'S WOVEliS.

HoiDietaoId Edition. Complete in eisht elegant vdlumcs, ns fol-
lows: "Foul Play," 1 vol.; " Hard Cash," 1 vol. ; '• White Liis," 1 vol. ;
"Griffith Gaunt," 1 vol.; "Love nie Little, Love me Lon?," 1 vol.;
"Never too Late to Jleiid," 1 vol.; "The Cloister and the Hearth,'*
Ivo!.; " Peg WoffingtOM," "Christie Johnstone," and other stories,
I vol. Price, SI. 00 a volume. The set, in a neat box, S8.00; half-calf,
«18.00.

For popular use, either to take in one's pocket, or to put on the library
shelf of choice fiction, this edition leaves nothing to be desired.— OAiV,-a(7o
Trihmie.

THE GATES AJAR.

By Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. SI..'*.

This fiook has produced a greater sensation among all classes of read-
ers than almost any other book published for a long time.

" The Gates Ajar " is the title of a small, but significant volume. On
a slender thread of incident— the story of a great sorrow, and of its
gradual consolation, told in the form of a journal— a theory of life in
heaven is set forth, and the common notions entertaineil of it by Chris-
tians are severely criticised. . . . The whole volume is full of life.
It is a work of genius.— i?.ra)nu!er and Chronirlc (Neio York. )

CMAREES DICKENS' WORKS.

The only AUTHORIZED American Edition.
!. The Dinmond Edition. In M volumes, i arli containing lii
full-pagi' illustrations, by S. Eytinoe, Jr. A remarkably compact, ele-
gant, and cheap edition. $1..W a volume. The Same, without illustra-
tions, SI. 25.

2. Tlie diaries Diekens Edition. Complete in M volumes,
each containing eight or nior- <if' tin- nriiiiind illustrations selected as
the best. This edition is r-xn-ediiiLrlv popular: SI. .00 a volume. The
Same, in papm- cover, 7;i cents a vniume. 'I'his is far the handsomest
and best of the paper cover editions of Dickens.

3. The ninstrated tibrary Edition. Complete in 27 elegant
volumes, containing itU the original illustrations— upward of 500 in the
entire set. $2.00 a volume. S"ts in half-calf, SIOO.

THE WAVEREEY KOVEES.

1. The Household Edition, In .")0 volumes, SI. 25 each.

2. The lllnistraled Eibrar.y Edition. Uniform with the JWms-

imlcd Lihrary Edi/ini, ,,f Dickens. In 25 volumes. Sl.oOeach. " The best
of writings in the finest of forms."— i'os/ow Traveler.

TEyy YSOy-S poems in ten different styles.

EOXGFEEEOWS WORKS.

Prose and Poetry, in various popular and elegant editions.

EDWARD EVERETT HAEE'S

INGHAM FAPEKS. Jl.r.Q. IF, YES AND PERHAPS. $1..50.

BOOKS OF GREAT INTEREST AND VAECE
by all the leading authors of Europe and America.
B®" Catalogues sent frpe to any address.

These books are sold by all booksellers, or will be sent, postpaid, on
receipt of price by thp publishers,

FIELDS, OSGOOD A CO..
X34 Tremoiit St., Hoston.

The Poor Man's Wealth !

The Rich Man's Best Investment !

LIFE INSURANCE CO.

or NEWAEK, N. J.

ASSETS OVER - - $18,000,000.

At the age of 30 an Estate of

$20,000,

Free of incumbrance, and under the laws of Ohio not liable

for debt, is secured by the annual payment of $236 00, with

small interest on order, the dividends paying the order.

$15,000

By payment of S177 00, in like manner.

$io,ooo
By payment of S118 00, in like manner.

$5,000
By payment of 159 00, in like manner.

$3,500
By payment of $29 50, in like manner.
Other ages, from 14 to 35 years, at proportionate rates.
This Company has been Established in Cincinnati 95 years.

Apply to ROB'T SIMPSON, State Agent,

Office S. -E. Cor. Jfafnul raid Third Sis.,
CINCINNATI.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 209

Cincinnati to New York has been consolidated, and is
now managed and operated by the Erie Company.

The track has been put in the most perfect condition,
and the equipment of the line greatly improved. (Day-
ton Depot.)

W. B. Shattuc, Passenger Agent,

CINCINNATI AND INDIANAPOLIS JUNCTION R. R.

For Oxford, Connersville, Cambridge City, Newcastle,
Rushville, Indianapolis, Terre Haute, St. Louis, and all
points West. (Dayton Depot.)

J. H. Sheldon, Superintendents

J. A. Perkins, General Freight Agent.

INDIANAPOLIS. CINCINNATI AND LAFAYETTE R. R.

Through passenger route from Cincinnati to St. Louis,
Chicago, Cairo, Memphis, New Orleans, Springfield,
Quincy, St. Joseph, Keokuk, Des Moines, Omaha, and
all towns and cities in the West, North-west, and South-
west. (Indianapolis Depot.)

The splendid Passenger Depot of the I. C. & L. R. R.
is about a mile nearer the business center of the city
than the depot of any other railroad, and within a few
squares of the Post-office and the principal hotels and
steamboat landings.

J. F. Richardson, Superintendent,

A. E. Clark, General Ticket Agent.

210 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

LITTLE MIAMI RAILROAD, VIA COLUMBUS.

Elegant Silver Palace day and sleeping cars com-
bined, are run through from Cincinnati to New York
without change. This is the famous Pan-Handle route.
The morning exj^ress goes through to New York in
twenty-nine hours. Express train leaves every night.
Trains run by Columbus time, which is seven minutes
faster than Cincinnati time.

W. L. O'Brien, General Ticket Agent.

D. G. A. Davenport, Auditor.

LOUISVILLE AND CINCINNATI R. R.

Just completed ; an air line to Louisville, 106 miles.
This will, in time, connect with the new railroad bridge.
(Covington Depot.)

KENTUCKY CENTRAL R. R.

Covington, Cynthiana, Paris, Lexington. (Covington
Depot.)

H. P. Eansom, General Ticket Agent.

MARIETTA AND CINCINNATI R. R.

Loveland, Chillicothe, Athens. (Indianapolis Depot. )
C. F. Low, General Ticket Agent.

OHIO AND MISSISSIPPI R. R.
Three daily express trains leave Cincinnati, arriving
at St. Louis in about twelve hours, and connecting
with West-bound express trains for Quincy, St. Joseph,

The most widely-axyprovecl

SCHOOL TEXT-BOOKS:

THE

EOLEOTIO EDUCATIONAL SERIES:
WII.SOX, h;ixkl.£ & co.,

137 WaliiLit Street, Cincinnati.

"The most Valuable Jjiterary PropeHij perhaps in the
ivorld." — AllatUio Monthly.

Founded upon the true basis of merit and economy, this Series has
attained a far wider use and recommendation than any other. It is
confidently believed that, in its improved and more complete form,
the Eclectic Ediic<Uional Series will meet with increased favor
from educators. It embraces, among others, the following well-known
books :

McGuifey's New Eclectic Readers and Speller.
Ray's Arithmetics, Algebras, and (xeometry.
Pinneo's Grammars and Composition.

NEW BOOKS OF THE SERIES.

Harrey's English Grammar.

Ray's Rudiments of Arithmetic (with Answers).

Ray's Geometry and Trigonometry.

Pinneo's Exercises for Parsing and Analysis.

Pinneo's False Syntax.

Knell & Jones's Phonic Reader, No. 1.

Leigh's Phonetic Primer.

Leigh's Phonetic Primary Readei*.

t^^Single copies for examination, and supplies for first intro-
duction in exchange for similar books not in satisfactory tise, at
SPECIAL rates.

SEND FOR A CATALOGUE.

Publications

Books which may be read with profit and interest, and which are worth
preserving.

ECCE HOMO, ECCE DEUS.

" To me it appears that each page of the book breathca out, a? it proceeds, what we
may call an air, which grows musical by degrees, and which, becoming more distinct
even as it swells, takes form, as in due time we find, in the articulate conclusion,
•Surely, this is the Son of God; surely, this is the King of Heaven.'" — The Right
Hon. W. E. Gladstone.

Of " Ecce Deus," which may be considered the complement of *' Ecce Homo," there
are almost as many admirers, the sale of both books being nearly alike.

Both volumes bound uniformly. Sold separately. Price of each, $1.50.

Prof. Ingraham's Works.

THK PRINCE OF THE HOUSE OF DAVID ; or, Three Years in the Holy City.

THE PILLAR OF FIRE; or, Israel in Bondage.

THE THRONE OF DAVID ; from the Consecration of the Shepherd of Bethlehem to the

Rebellion of Prince Absalom.

In three volumes, I'imo, cloth, gilt, with illustrations. Sold separately. Price of
each, $2.00.

These popular books now connt a sale of hundreds of thousands.

The Heaven Series.

HEAVEN OUR HOME. We have no Savior but .lesus, and no Home but Heaven.
MEET FOR HEAVEN. A State of Grace upon Earth the Only Preparation for a State

of Glnrv in Heaven.
LIFE IN HEAVEN. There Faith is changed into Sight, and Hope is passed into

blissful fruition.

The Library of Exemplary Women, viz. :

MEMOIRS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF MADAME RECAMIER.

LIFE AND LETTERS OF MADAMP; SWETCHINE.

THE FRIENDSHIPS OF WOMEN. Bv Rev. W. R. Alger.

SAINTE-BEUVE'S PORTRAITS OF CELEBRATED WOMEN.

THE LETTERS OF MADAME DE SEVIGNE. Edited, with a Memoir, by Mrs. Sarah

J. Hale.
THE LETTERS OF LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU. Edited, with a Memoir,

by Mrs. Sarah J. H;ile.

The price of each volume of the Library of Exemplary Women, neatly bound in
cldlh, is $2.00

Jean Ingelow's Writings.

POEMS.— Complete, two volumes, $3.50, or one volume $2.25.

PROSE.— Complete, four volumes, $5.00, comprising " Stories Told to a Child,"
*' Studies for Stories," " A Sister's Bye-Hours," " Mopsa the Fairy." Sold separately.

All of our publications mailed, post-paid, on receipt of the advertised
price. Send for our Catalogue.

ROBERTS BROTHERS,

IBoBtori.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 211

Leavenwortli, Kansas City, Lawrence, and all Western
points ; connecting at Odin, without delay, with the Illi-
nois Central for Cairo, Memphis, Mobile, New Orleans,
and all Southern points; and connecting at Sandoval
for Galena, Dubuque, and all parts of the North-west,

One train, Sunday evening, through to Louisville,
St. Louis, and Cairo. Depot, foot of Mill Street.

A. H. Lewis, General Superintendent.

C. E. Follett, General Passenger Agent.

UNITED STATES MAIL LINE STEAMERS

to Madison and Louisville. From wharf-boat, foot of
Vine Street, at 12 M., Major Anderson, Captain Samuel
Hildreth ; General Buell, Captain Charles David,
landing for all way business. The splendid steamers,
General Lytle, Captain E.. M. Wade ; St. Charles, Cap-
tain David Whitten, leave foot of Vine Street at 5:30
P. M., landing at Aurora and Madison only.

On Sundays only one boat, departing at 12 M.,
making all mail landings. All these steamers make
prompt connection at Louisville with morning trains
for Nashville, Memphis, and all points South. Through
railroad tickets, between Cincinnati and Louisville, will
be received for passage on these steamers, and will en-
title the holder to meals and state-room free. Baggage
checked to all principal points on the boats.

C. G. Pearce, President. Thos. Sherlock, Treasurer.

212 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

To all points upon the Ohio and the great system
of rivers of the Mississippi Valley steamers may be
found at the levee.

The various stage lines out of the city are given in
the Directory.

The Express offices are located as follows :

Adams Express, 67 West Fourth Street; J. H.
Rhodes, Agent.

American Express, 118 West Fourth Street; Frank
Clark, Agent.

Harnden Express, 114 West Third Street; D. F.
Raymond, Agent.

United States Express, 122 West Fourth Street; J.
J. Henderson, Agent.

The suburbs of Cincinnati are so essentially a part of
the city — their population having entire community of
interest with the residents of the city proper — that a
detailed description of them, in addition to allusions
already made, would seem to have proper place in these
pages. But to do justice to them would transcend the
limits of this summary view, and the briefest mention
only is here made, while the reader is referred to the
interesting volume prepared by Sidney D. Maxwell,
Esq., in which their beauties and attractions are fully
set forth. They are a sylvan crown adorning the brow
of the Queen of the West.

GOOD AND ENTERTAINING BOOKS

For- Lilt>T'ax'ies Sc tlie Home Circle.

I'TJBLISIIEr) 33Y LEE & SHEP^^RD.

In sets in neat boxes, or sold separately.

OT,irER OVTIC'S BOOKS.

YOUNG AMERICA ABROAD.

A Library of Travel and Adventure in
Foreign Lands. To be completed in six
vols. Illustrated. Per volume, $1.50.
Comprising :

Outward Bound. Dikes and Ditches.
Shamrock&TMstle. Palace and Cottage.
Red Cross. Down the Rhine.

la FreM.

STARRY FLAG SERIES.

To be completed in six vols. Illustrated.

Per volume, $1.25. Comprising :

The Starry Flag. Freaks of Fortune.

Breaking Aw.ay. Make or Break.

Seek and Find. Down the River.

ARMY AND NAVY STORIES.

A Library for Young and Old. In six

vols. KJmo. Illustrated. Per vol.,

$1.50. Comprising :

The Soldier Boy. The Yankee Middy.

The Sailor Boy. Fighting Joe.

Young Lieutenant. Brave Old Salt.
■WOODVILLE STORIES.

Uniform with Library fur Young People.

Six vols. 16mo. Illustrated. Per vol.,

$1."25. Comprising:

Rich and Humble. Work and "Win.

In Schnol and Out. Hope and Have.

Watch and Wait. Haste and Waste.
FAMOUS BOAT-CLUB SERIES.

Library for Young People. Handsomely

illustrated. Six vols., in neat box. Per

vol., 31.25. Comprising:

The Boat Club. Trv Again.

All Aboard. Poor and Proud.

Now or Never. Little by Little.

RIVERDALE STORIES.

Twelve vols., profusely illustrated from

new designs by Billings. In neat box.

Cloth. Per vol., 45 cents. Comprising:

Little Merchant. Proud and Lazy.

Young Voyagers.
Christmas Gift.
Dolly and I.
Uncle Ben.
Birthday Party.

reless Kate.
Robinson Crusoe, Jr.
The Picnic Partv.
The Gold Thimble.
The Do-Somethings.

OUR STANDARD-BEARER.
A Life of General U. S. Grant. By Oli-
ver Optic. Illustrated by Thomas Nast.
lemo, cloth. $1.50.

JffEW .TUVEyiT.ES.

DOTTY DIMPLE STORIES.

By Sophie May. To be completed in six
volumes. Illustrated. Per volume, 75
cents. Comprising :
Dotty at her Grandma's. Dotty at School.
Dotty at Home. Dotty at Play.

Dotty out West. Dotty's Flyaway.

LITTLE PRUDY STORIES.
By Sophie May. Six vols. Illustrated.
Per vol., 75 cents.
Little Prudy.
Little Prudy's Sister Susie.
Little Prudy's Captain Horace.
Little Prudy's Cousin Grace.
Little Prtidy's Story Book.
Little Prudy's Dotty Dimple.
THE HELPINQ-HAND SERIES.
By May Mannering. To be completed in
six vols. Illustrated. Per volume, $1.00.
Comprising :
Climbing the Rope.
Billy Grimes' Favorite.
The Cruise of the Dashaway.
The Little Spaniard.
Salt-water Dick.
The Little Maid of Oxbow

Id Prc«.

LITTLE ANNA STORIES.
Six vols. Illustrated. IHmo, cloth. Per
vol., 60 cents. Comprising:
Little Anna. Stories About Dogs.

Alice Leamont. A Thousand a Year.

The Little Helper. The Cheerful Heart.
ELM ISLAND STORIES.
By Rev. Elijah Kellogg, author of " Good
Old Times," &c. To be completed in six
vols. Illustrated. Per vol., $1.25.
1. Lion Ben of Elm Island, in Pro«.
2. Charlie Ross of Elm Island.
3 The Ark of Elm Island.

Sold by all Bool'sellers and Neirsdeahrs, and sent hy mail,
postpaid, on receipt of price.

The Only Illustrated Juvenile Magazine Published once a Week !

Oliver Optic's Magazine, "Our Boys and Girls."

The Cheapest, HaMlsoyiicst, and Best Juvenile Magu.-.ine PnhVushed.

6 cents per No. ; $2.50 per year ; SI .25 por voluim-, gix months. .Specimen

sent free on application to

LEE & SHEPARD, Publishers, 149 Washington St., Boston.

PASSllERS' ASSURANCE CO.

CASH CAPITAL . . . $304,800.

Insures Against Accidental loss
of Life, and Personal Injury,
From One to Thirty Days,
by Tickets sold at all
the Principal Rail-
road Stations,

30,000 paid on these Tickets on account of the "Angola
accident."

iO,000 paid on account of the " Corn Rock accident."

Buy Insurance With Your Passage Tickets.

JAMES G. BATTERSON", Pres't
GEO. B. WRIGHT, Vice Pres't.

C. D. PALMER. Sec'y.

THE CITY OP CINCINNATI. 213

AVONDALE

is a little east of north of the center of the city, at a
distance of two miles and a half. Here are to be found
the quiet and simple pleasures of rural life, remote
from any thing to suggest the crowded, noisy, dusty city.
The population of this village is not far from twelve
hundred, and embraces many of the well-known citizens
of Cincinnati.

CLIFTON

is the pride of Cincinnati. Its park-like grounds, its
beautiful drives, its magnificent prospects, its splendid
I'esidences, make it a chief point of interest to tourists.
Its charming retirement has been invaded by nothing
in the shape of shop or store. Residences are here of
palatial elegance and size, and surroundings which
present every thing beautiful which taste and wealth
can furnish.

COLLEGE HILL,

is five miles from the city limits, in a north-westerly
direction. It is the seat of two widely-known institu-
tions — Farmers College and the Ohio Female College.
The Presbyterians and Episcopalians have excellent
houses of worship. Within this village is one of the
highest points of land in Hamilton County. Good
schools, the best social elements, and religious privi-
leges are the features of College Hill.

214 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

EAST WALNUT HILLS

is a little over three miles north-east of the Court-
house in Cincinnati, and adjoins the village of Wood-
burn. Here are some of the finest residences in the
vicinity of the city, and landscape views which, in their
variety and beauty, have no superior upon the Hudson
or the Ehine. Hills, dales, and river combine to pre-
sent to the eye a feast of which it never tires.

GLENDALE

is one of the most delightful suburban villages in the
United States. It is north of Cincinnati, fifteen miles
by rail and twelve by turnpike. The Glendale Female
College is located here. The Presbyterians, Swedenbor-
gians, and Episcopalians have flourishing churches, and
the public school is of the first class. The quiet beauty
and social advantages of this place are well known, and
the evidences of taste, refinement, and wealth visible
on every hand.

MOUNT AUBURN

is now almost wholly within the city limits. It has
long enjoyed the reputation of being one of the chief
attractions of Cincinnati. Eesidents here have all the
enjoyment of rural life, at the same time being within
easy reach of all the advantages which the city can
oflfer. Several of the public charitable institutions are

FOR

MONUMENTS

POLISHED GRANITE,

3XAiaBLE AND POItPHYIiY^,

APPLY TO

JAMES G. BATTEBSOJV,

HARTFOKD, CONN.,

DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FORWARDED BY MAIL OR
EXPRESS TO ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTRY.

MANY OF THE

F-IIVEST ]Vi:OlVU]\IEIVTS

IN SPRING GROVE CEMETERY

WEJtX: FROM THIS JESTABI^ISSMENT,

WHICH IMPORTS DIRECT FROM

SCOTLAND, FRANCE, NOR"WAY. SWEDEN,
BUSSIA, FINLAND AND ITALY,

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL

GRANITES AND MARBLES

IN THE WORLD.

With or tuithout Rouse's Psalms,

Containing the additional Hymns.

NEW BOOKS.

THE DAYS OF KXOX. By the author of the "Dark Year

of Dundee." 12mo., luuslin. §2.25.

OR. ENGLAND A HUNDRED YEARS AGO. By Rev. J. C.
Byle. 12mo., muslin. $2.25.

EIFE OF JESUS. For Children. By the author of "Kind

Woi'ds." 12mo., muslin. Illustrated. 81.50.

THE BIRD. By Jules Michelet. With 210 exquisite illustrations,
by Giaconnelli. 8vo., muslin, extra beveled, $6 ; or, in Turkey
morocco, 810.

THOS. NELSON & SONS,

53 BLEECKEB ST., Cor. of Mulberry St.,

FOLEY'S CELEBRATED "BANK" GOLD PENS.

JOHN FOLEY,

MAITFACTURER OF FINE
AND

Gold Mounted Rubber Pen Cases, etc.

No. 262 BEOADWAT, bet. Chambers & "Warren Sts.,

NEW YORK.

B®" Sold by Booksellers and Jewelers every-where, at the man-
ufacturer's prices.

THE CITY OF CINCINNATI. 215

located here, and the Mount Auburn Ladies' Institute
affords unsurpassed educational facilities,

WALNUT HILLS,

now partly within the city limits, has long been famous
as the seat of Lane Theological Seminary. A settle-
ment was made here in 1791. It is easily accessible,
and offers in its educational and religious advantages,
one of the most desirable localities for residences in the
neighborhood of Cincinnati.

WOODBURN

embraces about a section of land, and is two miles
north-east of the Court-house in Cincinnati. Many of
its beautiful building sites command extensive pros-
pects of the most charming description. The village is
controlled by a class of citizens whose administration
contributes every thing necessary to its beauty and the
comfort of the residents.

WYOMING,

about two miles south of Glendale, twelve miles from
Cincinnati by rail, is a delightful suburb. Some of its
building sites are unsurpassed in beauty, and command
extensive views up and down the Millcreek valley, upon
which the eye never ceases to dwell with pleasure.
Of other suburbs of Cincinnati which present many

216 THE CITY OF CINCINNATI.

points of rural beauty, Mount Washington, Linwood,
Oakley, Fairmount, Spring Grove, Mount Harrison,
Glen Grove, Eiverside, Mount Airy, Mahketewah, and
Hartwell, only the names can be here given.

A summary view has now been taken of the attrac-
tions and advantages of Cincinnati, both as a place of
trade and residence, with a glance at its institutions and
internal improvements.

The comparison of its area with that of other Western
cities, which are spread over a much larger territory,
will show how much greater it will be, in statistics of
population, when, like them, it embraces within munic-
ipal limits all adjacent settled localities. Annexation
is already the progressive watchword, and erelong tlie
area will be largely increased.

The City moves forward in the steady march of im-
provement, and Public Spirit points to the magnificent
possibilities of coming years. Who shall define the
limits of Cincinnati at its centennial, or calculate its
increase in all the elements of a wealthy, populous, and
powerful municipality ?

j^APER Warehouse

124: Walnut St., Cincinnati,

MAWUFACTUEEKS OF

int ^ntht0 Uppers iintr febelopcs.

FACTOR r at ROCKVILLE, COJ^Jf.
FRANKLIN

Allison, Smith & Johnson,

MANUFACTUREES OF AND DKALEBS IN

XEIVS, BOOK & JOB TYPE,
PBINTENG PRESSES,

CASES, OAIXlEYS, ETC.,

rmis & PBrxTOfG matebiai.

of Every Description.

BOOKS, MUSIC, Volumes of all sizes, in Modern and Ancient Languagea.
Cards, Isabels, Stamps, in Type Metal or Copper.

Pattern Ijettent of various Styles. Electrotypins in nil its Branches.

The GleeiRRatl Comfiiereia _

An Independent Newspaper, PUBLISHED EVERY MORNING, with the
Largest Daily Circulation in the Mississippi Valley.

PAPES EVERY DAY OF THE ^'EEK.

One Tear $U 00] Three months.S3 75

Sis months.. 7 00 | One month 1 50

For week, [served by Carrier,]

WITHOUT SUNDAY PAPER.

One year §12 00 1 Three mouths.SS

Six months.. G 00 | One month 1 25

For week, [served by Carrier,] '25

WEEKLY PAPER.

For one year, $2 00. Clubs five to ten
copies, $1 80. Ten to twenty copies, SI 75.

Cash for mail subscriptions always in advance.
CiT' The rule is absolute that all paid matter goes into the advertising columns.

ADVERTISKMKKTS.

Displays, one square, eight lines,?! 00;
business notices, bth page, per line. "JO cts ;
wants, 10 cts per eight words ; preferred
specials, $1 50 per square ; column, first
pase, S50 00; fighth page, S40 00; cuts,
eighth page only, S2 00 per square ; extra
display, eighth puge only, SI 50 per square.

All' PAID MATTER PUBLISHED AS ADVER-
TISEMENTS.

The Daily Commercial has Special News by Telegraph from all important news cen-
ters in the country, and Correspondents in places of the most considerable general in-
terest both in Europe and America. The purpose of the proprietors of the Commfrcial,
who neither ask nor receive official patronage fmm any quarter, is t-o give the earliest
possible publicity to all facts that interest the people, and to comment upon current aftairs
in the interests of the g'-neral welfare. As a Business newspaper, the Commercial haa
especial value ; its Monetary Department embracer Market reports from all parts of the
world in the most authentic form, and is prepared with the greatest pains to secure in-
variable reliability.

The Weekly Commercial contains the choicest matter from seven daily issues, and
is one of the handsomest and completest newspapers in the country, placing the news
gathered by Telegraph before Western readers from two to ten days ahead of the East-
ern weeklies.

Fourth and Race Streets.

C1LITIE3 FOR EXECUTING

B11.1.S OF I.A»IX«, K.ETTER II[I:AS>IX«S,

Bllili HKAD.^, 1<E«:AI> BI.AKKS.

CHECKS. CARDS, »RAY RECEIPTS.

l.ABEL,S. EXVEIiOPES, NOTES, DRAFTS,

AND KVKUY DESCRIPTION OF
ARE unsurpassed.

PIla^R am*! DlllliniiliDttedi Sfi@w Pp^ntinii

Address.

m. HALSTEAD & CO., Proprietors.

s,ESoaa'S block:.

OUNG Ladies' Institute.

Estahlished 1856.

The advantages of this School are:

1. Its Xorofion.— "Within the city limits, it is only a half
hour's drive distant from any of the Depots, and within easy
call of the Telegraph Offices, Post-office, and Stores. But be-
ing five hundred feet above the level of the river, it has none
of the annoyances of the city. Surrounded by beautiful resi-
dences, it looks out in every direction upon a delightful pros-
pect, and is as free from intrusion as though it were in a quiet
country village.

3. Its Home Influence,— The building used by the Boarding
Department is entirely detached from the School House. Its
rooms, each of which is designed to accommodate two young
ladies, are large, and are furnished with a view to make them
home-like. A Parlor, 50 by 40 feet, is devoted exclusively to
the school. The discipline of the School is that of the family.
It is the constant aim of those in charge to keep up the home
feeling, to create an atmosphere of perfect material comfort,
and then to administer a moral discipline inspired by love,
and instructed by the law of Christ.

3. Its Extended and Comprehensive Course of Sttidy, — The
course of study runs through tliree departments, of four years
each, insuring a continuous and symmetrical mental discip-
line. The lengtli of the course guarantees comprehensive-
ness. The classical schedule comprises a list of the higher
branches of study, which bears comparison with that of col-
leges for young men.

4. The QUALITY of its Instruction.— ^o Instructors are
emploj-ed but those who have either, by long experience,
proved themselves apt to teach, or who have been trained in
the School. To secure such, no expense has been spared.

For further mformatio)}, address,

I. H. WHITE, Treasurer,
or Rev. A. J. ROWLAND, President,

<U 1 rSTOl rVlV ATI.

The Cincinnati Chronicle,

DAILY AND WEEKLY,

IS A FIRST-CL,ASS

Political and Family Jfewspaper.

Political Principles,

In politics the Chronicle is Republican, but not partisan ; never
neutral, but always independent. Adhering to the principles of that
great party under whose auspices the gallant soldiers of the Republic
weie led and cheered to victory over treason and armed rebellion, it
none the less freely and independently discusses all political measures
proposed for public sanction, presenting the claims of party only as
a means of promoting the good of the whole countrj".

Home and Foreign Neivs.

As a news center for the entire Mississippi Valley, Cincinnati has
no superior, and has facilities which defy competition from even the
great commercial centers of the East. The latest news from all parts
of the world to the hour of going to press, will be given from two
days to one week in advance of the Eastern weeklies. The news from
Europe by the ocean cable is published at the same moment in Cin-
cinnati as in New York.

LifcraUire, Science, and Art.

For the general reader we shall give each week a digested summary
of Personal Items, Literary Intelligence, Notices of New Books and
Magazines, Scientific Developments and Discoveries in Art. With
each number will be given one or more domestic stories suited to the
home circle.

Official Paper of City and County.

No newspaper ever started under as favorable auspices as the Chron-
icle. In the short space of twelve months, so popular had it become
with the people, and so successful its management, that it was made
the official paper, for doing both City and County advertising.

Advertising in the Chronicle.

The very large and rapidly-growing circulation of both the Daily
and the Weekly Chronicle, throughout the whole West, renders
them unsurpassed as mediums of advertising. Communications from
the business public in regard to rates, etc., will receive prompt at-
tention.

Address, CHRONICLE COMPANY,

CINCINNATI, onto.

f OOLWORTH, AINSWORTn & CO.,

Wholesale Booksellers & Stationers,

117 Washington St., Boston. Ill State Street, Chicago.

PTJBLISHEHS OP

Payson, Dunton, & Scribner's National System of Penniansliip; Han-
aford & Payson's Book-keeping ; Campbell's New German Course ;
Magill's French Reader ; Magill's French Grammar ; Hanson'a
Prep. Latin Prose Book; Hanson & Eolfe's Hand-book of
Latin Poetry ; Selections from Ovid and Virgil ; Rolfe
& Gillet's Cambridge Conrse of Physics ; Hand-
book of the Stars ; Hand-book of Chemistry ;
Hand-book of Philosophy ; Bartholomew's
Drawing Books. Catalogues of Pub-
lications sent free on application.

TWO SPLENDID SETS OF BOOKS

By the Author of GATES AJAR.

4 vols. lemo. Price $5.00

Oypsy Breynton. 1 Gypsy's Sowing & Reaping.

Gypsy's Cousin Joy. \ Gypsy atthe. Golden Crescent.

Tiny. I JSUen's Idol.

Tiny' 8 Sunday J^igltts, | I Do n't Know Hotv.

4 VOLS. 18M0. PRICE $3.00.
Every Body Should Read Thera.
HENRT A. YOUNG & CO. ,

J3i. Cornhilt, Sostotiy Mass.,
tSS'Vox sale in Cincinnati by

GHO. S. BLANCBARI) & CO.

THE CINCINNATI GAZETTE:

DAILY, SEMI-WEEKLY, AND WEEKLY.

As a newspaper, the Daily Gazette is not surpassed by any publication
in the Uiiiteii States. It covers the entire field of News, Litcriitiire,
Commerce, Manufactures, Agriculture, and Amusements, and occupies
it fully. Matter coming under these heads, not found in the Gazette,
will not be worth reading. In its Editorial Department, the Gazette
has all the excellence that a variety of first-class talent can impart to it.

TERMS OP THE DAILY:

By mall, per annnm SIS.OO

do. for six xuoiillis 6.00

THE SEMI-WEEKLY GAZETTE.

This paper is printed on Tuesday and Friday of each week. It is the
game size of the Daily and Weekly, containing thirty-six full columns
of reading matter. Most of the reading matter prepared for the Daily
and Weekly will be printed in this edition. Persons who desire a paper
oftener than once a week, but do not need a daily, will find this the
cheapest and best paper published anywhere.

TERMS OF THE SEMI- WEEKLY :
One copy (104 Jifos.) ^4.00

JLn extra copy will be sent to the getter up of each club
of ten and iipward.

The Weekly Gazette contains more reading; matter than any other
newspaper puldished in the United States. Ilaving nn great political
battles ti> figlit during the year, we sliall liave more space fur general
and niiserlhnieiins reading. This will lie .K-ciipieil, in part, I'y articles
under the bead uf PJBRSOBTAIi REC'01.1,E€TI03f,S, one of which
will be published weekly. These will be written by eminent men in vari-
ous parts of the West, vrho have alreaily been engaged for that purpose.
Our authors liave been selected from the various professions, including
Ministers, Lawyers, Politicians, Fanners, Merchants, and Editors.
Each article wilt have attached to it the name of the writer. The cren-
tlenien whose services have been secured occupy high positions, and have
made lor themselves national reputations.

©tlicr Departments, including Editorial, News, Commercial,
Correspundence, Agricultural, and Miscellaneous, will be carried to the
standard of excellence. Important news transpiring at home or abroad
will be published in the Gazette from three to six days in advance of
Eastern publications.

TERMS OF THE WEEKLY:
One copy $2.00

Address

GAZETTE COMPANY,

CINCINNATI.

Appletons' Journal.

Appletonr' Journal is published weekly. It consists of thirty-two
quarto pages, each number illustrated, or accompanied by a Pictorial
Supplement. It is devoted to popular current Literature, an organ
of advanced opinion with respect to all the great interests of society,
of popular Science in its best sense, and of Art.

The department of Literature embraces Fiction, in the form of both
serial novels and short stories ; Essaj'S upon literary and social
topics ; Sketches of travel and adventure ; Discussions upon art,
books, and kindred themes; Papers upon all the various subjects that
pertain to the pursuits and recreations of the people, whether of town
or country ; and Poems by our foremost poets.

A distinctive feature is a fuller treatment of Science than is preva-
lent in popular journals. In this branch the publishers have secured
the services of the ablest and most authoritative thinkers.

Illustrations form an important feature in the plan of the Journal.
They usually consist of either an Illustrated Supplement on some
popular theme, a Steel Engraving in the best style of the art, or a
large Cartoon engraved on wood^those on steel, and the cartoons,
consisting of views of American scenery by our most distinguished
painters.

D. APPLETON & CO., New York.

Price 10 Cents per No., or $4.00 per Annum, in advance.

PuTNAM's Monthly Magazine

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, ART,

AND

NATIONAL INTERESTS.

Putnam's Magazine will be a National publication, supported by
the best writers, in each department, from every section of the coun-
try. High-toned papers on matters of National Interest, Popular
Science, Industrial Pursuits, and sound Information and Instruction
on important topics, will be especially cultivated. In the lighter
articles. Healthy Entertainment and Pure Amusement for the family
circle will be carefully chosen from the ample resources presented by
a large circle of contributors.

Teems. — $4.00 per Ammm in advance, or 35 Cents per Number.

Special premiums for clubs.

G. P. PUTNAM & SON, Publishees,
eel Begadway, New Yobk.

iSyo. PROSPECTUS

OF TUE

CINCINNATI DAILY AND WEEKLY

1870.

lElTH

VTIt^ElIt

A POPULAR

Democratic, Business, News, and Family Journal,

DEVOTED TO

Constitutional Liberty, National Unity, and

the General Welfare of the

Whole Country.

The Enquieee, with its history of half a century, npeJs no introduc-
tion to the people of the West, either as to its news, ri-liability, or po-
litical integrity. We warmly appeal to all our Democratic friends to
stand by the old Democratic flag, which, by the last election, had a
majority of half a million of the white voters of the United States,
whose accession to power erelong is a certainty ; and to use their best
exertions to obtain for the Enquikkr a circulation that will enable it
to assist in the good work, and which will be worthy of the prosperity
it has hitherto enjoyed. Democratic reader, exercise your best exer-
tions to obtain us a list of names in your town or precinct.

TERlVtS.

DAILY ENQTJIilEK :

By mail, one year $12 00

Six months 6 00

Three months 8 25

One month 1 25

Per week , delivered by carriers 30

SEMI & TRI-WEEKLY RATES.

As we publish only Daily and Weekly
Editions, we still send our Daily issue on
any days desired, as follows :

DAILY PAPERS, TWO TIMES A WEEK:

For three months $1 25

For six months 2 25

For one year 4 00

THREE TIMES A WEEK :

For three months $1 75

For six months 3 00

For one year 6 00

■WEEKLY ENQUIRER.

Single copy, one year $2 00

Single copy, six months 1 25

Ten copies, one year, each 1 75

Twenty copies and over, each 1 50

An extra copy is allowed the Club Agent
for every Club of tea at Si To each, and
for every Club of twenty at SI 50 each.

CAUTION.

The unusual number of letters lost in the
mail of late makes it absolutely necessary
that our patrons should use every precau-
tion in forwarding Money. Send at our
risk by Express, Post-office Money Orders,
draft or in Registered Letters. We will
not be responsible for letters sent in the
mail without registering.

(Xj^Specimen copies sent on application.

Address,

FARAN & McLEAN,

CINCINNATI, OHIO.

Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton R. R. Depot.

oj^E-LiSLE isxriXiX)ii5r<3-

Franklin Insurance Go.

OF CINCINNATI.

Office, yo. 26 West Third Street, Cincinnati.

Gash Capital, $150,000 00

Surplus, Jan. 1, 1869, 40,309 16

$190,309 16

Directors :

John S. Taj'lor, Wm. Glenn, Alexander Swift,

Samuel Davis, Jr., G. S. Blanchard, Lewis Wald

Caleb Allen, M. Fechheimer, J. Stacey Hill.

JOHN S. TAYLOR, President.

0. E, DEMAREST, Secretary.
J. A. KEY, Surveyor.

e®= Fire and Marine Policies issued on favorable terms.
Insures Buildings, Merchandise, Furniture, Rents, Leases,
etc., against loss or damage by fire.

MlM StKEET &KINTING ifioMPANY,
176 & 178 Elm Street,

CINCIIVIV^TI, OHIO.

The effort of the Editors and Publishers of the Religious Journals
of this city, to build up a first-class Printing Establishment, has been
80 far successful that they liave erected another five-story brick build-
ing in addition to that occupied in 1808.

The policy of charging low prices has been vindicated by our expe-
rience thus far, as profitable to the Company and satisfactory to our
patrons.

Our Book and Jobbing Departments are liberally supplied with all
that is requisite to execute large amounts of work neatly, tastefully,
and promptly.

Orders for Pamphlets, Books, Stereotyping ; Commercial, Bank,
and Railroad Printing, etc., will receive prompt attention.

8®^ We will give mtisfaclioii in all cases to those favoring us with
orders.

Estimates carefully made for those proposing to print books, pam-
phlets, or other work. Address

W. C. GRAY,

Treasurer and Superintendent,

CINCINNATI WEEKLY TIMES.

Established in 1843.

This paper, in its eiilargc'il and improved condition, is well known as
the largest and cheapest weekly paper now published in the Western
country, if not in the United States. The following is a list of the
number of post-offices in the different States to which it is sent:

Ohio 1616

Tennessee 2(10

Iowa 623

Wisconsin 610

Kansas 140

Illinois 970

Indiana 800

Missouri 367

Virginia 250

Michigan 361

Kentucky 289

New York 416

Pennsylvania 671

Minnesota 90

Other States 3000

Thus it will be seen that the Wkekly Times is circulated through
more than trii thousand po»l-oJfices^ and, from this fact, affords an excel-
lent medium for those who wish to advertise their business.

Terms.— .SiH(7?e suhscriplions, S2.00 per year; Clubs of Teii, $1.50 each, an
extra copy to getter up of the Club.

ADVEBTISING IN WEEKLY TIMES:

As Ordinary Advertisements 50 Cents per line, each insertion

As Special Notices 75 " " " "

As Heading Matter $100 " " " "

Cii'culation, 67,000 "W^eekly.

Cincinnati Hail^^ Timesm

Established iy the Present Proprietor in 1 840.

City Subscribers supplied by Carriers at 20 Cents per Week.
Mall Subscribers, $8.00 per Tear.

This is the oldest Paily Paper (with one exception) in Cincinnati.
Having been for many years the only Erening Paper in the city, and
being read by all classes, the Times can claim a large and increasing
circulation.

It is particuliirly adapted to the family circle, from its well-selected
news, its instructive and interesting miscellany, its moral sketches,
etc., etc.

The teJearaphic news from all quarters, up to 4 o'clock of each after-
noon, will be found, as usual, in the columns of the Times.

From its compact form, and the manner in which it is made up—
havinji r.-adini; matter on each pasr, thereby allowing advertisements
in ev.-rv part (if the paper to lie readily se^n- in addition to its Ia7-ge
circulation, not only in the city, but in the adjoining towns, the Times
must continue to be a most desirable medium for advertisers.

ADVERTISING IN DAILY TIMES:

One Square, each insertion, inside (space of Ten Lines, seven

words to the line) $0.75

One Square, One Month, First Page 12.00

One Square, One Month, Fourth Page 8.00

C. W. STARBUCK & CO.,

No. 62 West Third Street, Cincinnati, O.

^8i^asitj;^ft!»i>^^^^^'P^^:P*^'^«j^^

WEBSTER'S

UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY.

10,000 iro)'ds and ineaninr/s not in other Dictioiun-it^s.

3,000 ENGRAVINQS) 1,840 PAGES QUARTO.
An Illustrated Cyclopedia.— Webster's Unabridged Dictionarj,
with 3,(X)0 illustrations, is not simply a dictionary of words, but it
is at the same time an Illustrated Cyclopedia of Natural History, Physi-
ology, Geology, Botany, Architecture, etc. No scholar can be wltb-
ont this Dictionary.

WEBSTER'S

NATIONAL PiCTORiAL DICTIONARY.

1040 PAQES OCTAVO; 600 ENGKAVINGS.

The work is really a gem of a Dictionary; just the thing for the aiill
ion. — Amer, Edv.catioual Monthly.

FOR SAIjE jsr

GEO. S. BLANCHARD & CO.,

39 ITcsf I'onrth Street, Cincinnati.

HUMAN SCIENCE:

CONTAINIXQ

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