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The Civilian

THE DOUBLE
TRACK ROUTE

Leads Everywhere from the Atlantic to Chicago

CHICAGO
DETROIT
HAMILTON
TORONTO

PORTLAND
QUEBEC
MONTREAL
OTTAWA

BUFFALO
NIAGARA FALLS
NEW YORK
BOSTON

Fine Through Service
/ Unexcelled Road Bed

Superb Dining Car Service
Courteous and attentive employees

The Grand Trunk System reaches all trade centres in Eastern Canada and is
now a large factor in Western Canada traffic through the Grand Trunk Pacific.

THE NEW ROUTE TO THE WEST

Via Grand Trunk System, Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway, and Canadian Govern-
ment Railways through Toronto, North Bay, Cobalt and Cochrane and Winnipeg — offers many
attractive features traversing largely an entirely new country. Write for descriptive folders.

THE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Canada's train of Superior Service, leaves Montreal at 10.15 a.m. daily and arrives
Toronto 5.45 p.m., London 8.53 p.m., Detroit 10.58 p.m., Chicago 8.00 a.m. Modern
in every detail. Observation, Libraiy and Compartment Cars. Electric lighted.

Hunting in Highlands of Ontario

The Home of the Red Deer and the Moose and
other large game reached by

GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM

•-J Deer — Nov. 1st to Nov. 15th, inclusive.

P*" Moose, Reindeer or Caribou — Nov. l.st
seaso s ^^ Nov. 15th, inclusive. In some of the
Northern Districts of Ontario, including Timagami,
the open season is from Oct. 16th to Nov. 15th,
inclusive. Small game is also abundant in this
territory.

Grand Trunk Hotels

The Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, Ont. Rates
$2.00 per day and upwards. Accommodation, 350
rooms. European plan.

The Fort Garry, Winnipeg, Man. Rates
$2.00 per day and upwards. Accommodation, 300
rooms. European plan.

The Macdonald, Edmonton, Alta. Rates
$2.00 per day and ui)\vards. Accommodation, 250
rooms, pjuropean i)lan.

Write for copy of "PLAYGROUNDS— The Haunt* of Fish and Game,"
giving Game Law*, Hunting Regulations, etc.

For advertising matter and all particulars, apply to any agent of the System, including
J. QUINLAN, BONA.VENT0RE Station, Mo^fT8K.^L, or C. E. HORNING, Ui^ion Station, Toronto

G. T. BELL W. S. COOKSON

Passenger Traffic Manager General Passenger Agent

MONTREAL MONTREAL

As ^jE■WED From Ottawa

Burroughs Machines are used in
Practically Every Department of the
DOMINION OF CANADA GOVERNMENT

One for Your Business

At a Price You Can Afford

There are ninety-eight models of Burroughs
Figuring and Bookkeeping Machines, with 587
different combinations of features. One of these
is sure to fit your accounting needs, no matter
what the size or kind of your business. With
prices as low as S165, there's a Burroughs to fit
vour pocketbook.

Burroughs Machines are priced in the only
right way — according to what they will do and
what they will earn for you.

The Burroughs that is the most profitable to
you is the one we want you to have.

Near you is a Burroughs
.epresentaiive. Have him tall
and show jou the Burrciughs
at work in your own plafe of
business. He will help vou
decide just which machine
will best do your figuring;
and boottkeepinfi work in the
way you want il done— only
ckcr. more accuralely. and
ill less llian it now co^K you.

Figurin g & Bookkeeping Machines,

Prevent Costly Errors — SaveValuable Time

BURROUGHS OFFICES IN CANADA

Calgarr, Alt*. 12-13 Cadogan Block

Montreal, Que 392 St. James St.

OtUwa, Ont 139 >^ Sparks St.

St. John, N.B.. .171 Prince William St.

Toronto, Ont 52 Bay St.

Vancouver, B.C 347 Pender St.

Victoria, B.C 623 Trounce St.

Windsor, Ont 10 Chatham St. E.

Winnipeg, Man 290-4 Graham Ave.

Thp: Civilian

WORLD
FAMOUS

mMM.

CIGARETTES

FINEST QUALITY

As Viewed From Ottawa

Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railway Co.

SCENIC ROUTE

BETWEEN

Toronto, Hamilton, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Utiea, Albany, Boston, New
York and points East.

Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, and points South.

Erie, Cleveland, Pittsburg, Detroit, Chicago, and points West and Southwest.

Six Trains Daily Between Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo

SAFETY, COMFORT AND CIVILITY
Steel Sleeping Cars — Electric Lighted Dining and Club Cars — Well Equipped

COURTEOUS EMPLOYEES

F. F. BACKUS

Assistant to President

G. C. MARTIN
Gen'l Passenger Agent

R. F. HILL

Assistant General Passenger Agent

The Hamilton Bridge Works Company, Limited

Hamilton

Ontario

Steel
Railway

and

Highway
Bridges

Office
Warehouse

and

Factory
Buildings

MISTONCO VIADUCT. TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILWAY

6000 TONS STEEL ANGLES. BEAMS, CHANNELS. PLATES

ON HAND FOR IMMEDIATE SHIPMENT

The Civilian

Mappin <&.Webb

JL X CANADA \ .IMITED

IMITED

Silversmiths to His Majesty King George V.

"yHE " Mappin " Cabinet in polished
mahogany, lined green silk, fitted
with Mappin Plate and "Tusca" handled
cutlery.

12 Table Spoons
12 Table Forks
12 Dessert Spoons
12 Dessert Forks
12 Teaspoons
1 Cold Meat Fork
1 Butter Knife
1 Sugar Spoon
1 Pair Knife Rests

Price complete

6 Coffee Spoons

6 Oyster Forks
12 Dinner Knives
1 2 Dessert Knives, plated blades

1 Pair Meat Carvers

I Steel

I Cream Ladle

1 Gravy Ladle

2 Salt Spoons

- - $100.00 Nett

Cataloyue sent on request

353, ST. CATHERINE STREET WEST,

MONTREAL.

SHEFFIELD. LONDON, PARIS, NICE, ROME, BUENOS AIRES,

RIO DE JANEIRO. SAO PAULO, JOHANNESBURG,

LAUSANNE, BIARRITZ

FOUNDED 1871

Assets Exceed - $17,000,000.00
Claims Paid Exceed $50,000,000.00

TRANSACTS

Personal Accident, Health, Liability,
Plate Glass, Automobile, Guarantee
and Fire Insurance.

OUR MOTTO

Service, Up-to-date Policies, Prompt
and Equitable Adjustments.

Canadian Head Office - Toronto
CHARLES H. NEELY, General Manager

AGENTS EVERYWHERE

As Viewed From Ottawa

THE ROYAL BANK
OF CANADA

INCORPORATED 1869

Capital Authorized - - $25,000,000

Capital Paid up - - $11,987,000

Reserve & Undivided Profits $13,236,000

Total Assets _ _ - $238,000,000

HEAD OFFICE, MONTREAL

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Six Herbert S. Holt, President E. L. Pease, Vice-President

E. F. B. Johnston, K.C., 2nd Vice-I*resident

Hon. D. MacKeen Hugh Paton A. E. Dyment

Jas. Redmond Wm. Robertson C. E. Neill

G. R. Crowe A. J. Brown, K.C. M. B. Davis

D. K. Elliott W. J. Sheppard G. H. Duggan
Hon. W. H. Thome C. S. Wilcox

OFFICERS

E. L. Peaae, Managing Director C. E. Neill, General Manager

F. J. Sherman, Assistant General Manager
W. B. Torrance, Su|>eiintendent of Branches

322 Branches in Canada and Newfoundland;
45 Branches in Cuba, Porto Rico, Dominican
Republic, Costa Rica and British West Indies

LONDON, ENG., OFFICE— Princes St., E.C.
NEW YORK AGENCY— Corner William and Cedar Streets

Savings Department at all Branches

Bank of Montreal

Established 1817

Capital Paid up
Reserve Fund
Undivided Profits
Total Assets

$16,000,000

16,000,000

1,321,193

390,421,701

SIR VINCENT MEREDITH, BART.
PRESIDENT

SIR FREDERICK WILLIAMS-TAYLOR, LL.D.
GENERAL MANAGER

BRANCHES AND AGENCIES

Throughout Canada and Newfoundland
Also at London, England

And New York, Chicago and Spokane,
in the United States

Cbe Tndepcndent
Order of foresters

Furnishes a Complete
System of Insurance

Policies issued by the Society are for the
protection of your Family and cannot be bought,
sold or pledged.

Benefits are payable to the Beneficiary in case of
death, or to the member in case of his total disability,
or to the member on attaining seventy years of age.

Policies Issued from $500 to $5,000
Total Benefits Paid $49,000,000.00

For further information and Literature, apply to
TEMPLE BUILDING, Toronto, Canada

FRED J. DARCH E. G. STEVENSON

Secretary President

S. H. PIPE, F.A.S., A.I.A.

Actuary

Pro
Pro

sperous

and

gressive

Up-to-date business methods, backed by an
unbroken record of fair-dealing with its policyholders,
have achieved for the Sun Life of Canada a
phenomenal growth.

To-day, the Company operates actively in forty-
two countries and upon five continents.

In the past six years its assurances in force have
nearly doubled; in the past eleven years they have
more than trebled.

More than 166,000 of its policies are now in force
for assurances totalling over $265,000,000 — -much the
largest amount carried by any Canadian Ufe company.

SUN LIFE ASSURANCE
COMPANY OF CANADA

Head Office - Montreal

The Civilian

THE A. E. REA COMPANY, Limited - (Connaught Square) - OTTAWA

REA^S

That's the phxce
to buy the verj^
Newest Things
for

MEN
WOMEN

and the

HOME

at Very Moder-
ate Prices

OTTAWA'S LARGEST DEPARTMENTAL STORE OTTAWA'S POPULAR SHOPPING PLACE

Make Free Uses of all our Hospitalities, such as our Telephones, Resting and Writing
Rooms, Restaurants and Soda Fountains, our Free Parcelling System.

Phone and Mail Orders receive immediate attention

MADE IN CANADA

Paper consumers using the best
kind always specify

MADE IN CANADA

ROLLAND'S BRANDS

SUPERFINE LINEN RECORD

is unsurpassed for its high quaUty. It is a paper combining great
strength and durability. Specially adaptable for high class stationery.

Among the other good grades made by Holland Mills, are:—

CANADIAN LINEN BOND
EARNSCLIFFE LINEN BOND
STANDARD PURE LINEN

AND OTHERS

The RoUand Paper Company, Limited

GENERAL OFFICES

142 St. Paul Street West

MONTREAL, P.Q.

High Grade Paper Makers

MILLS AT
ST. JEROME and
MONT ROLLAND, P.Q.

As Viewed From Ottawa

The W. R. Brock Company (Limited)

WHOLESALE

Dry Goods, Woollens, Carpets, Ladies' Wear

Authorized Capital

$2,000,000.00

DIRECTORS

President, W. R. BROCK Vice-President, B. B. CRONYN

R. W. PENTECOST
W. R. SMALLPEICE
R. A. BROCK

J. S. ANDERSON
HENRY BROCK
H. G. COOK

Secretary-Treasurer, JAMES A. CATTO

G. S. CLEGHORN
W. H. BERKINSHAW
A. C. GUMMING

Head Office — Corner Bay and Wellington Streets, Toronto

WAREHOUSES

TORONTO

Corner Bay and Wellington
Streets

MONTREAL

Corner Notre Dame, St. Helen
and Recollet Streets

CALGARY

Corner Eighth Avenue
and Second Street, W.

OFFICES

Halifax, N.S.

Quebec, Que.

Hamilton, Ont.

Winnipeg, Man.

The Civilian

THE MONARCH KNITTING COMPANY , LIMITED,

MADE IN

CANADA

Standard for Style
Quality and Workmanship

We Manufacture a Complete Line of —

Ladies* Silk Sweater Coats
Men's, Women's, Boys' and Girls' Worsted Coats

Men's and Boys' Pullovers
Children's Sjaits Ladies' and Children's Skirts

> Aviation Caps, Scarfs, Toques, Etc.

We also Manufacture a' Complete Range of —

Hosiery for Men, Women and Children

in Silk, Lisle, Mercerised, Cotton and Cashmere

When making your purchase of any of the above
articles ask for "MONARCH - KNIT" Brand

m^m^

THE MONARCH KNITTING COMPANY. LIMITED

DUNNVILLE

CANADA

As Viewed From Ottawa

CSNADIANGoVERNMENTMUMaPAL
AND (bRPOEATION BONDS

SERVICE TO MUNICIPALITIES

FIFTEEN YEARS OF SERVICE TO CANADIAN MUNICIPALITIES AND
INVESTORS IN CANADIAN MUNICIPAL DEBENTURES ENABLES US
TO GIVE EVERY FACILITY TO MUNICIPALITIES IN MARKETING NEW
ISSUES. OUR ORGANIZATION IS REPRESENTED IN THE PRINCIPAL
MARKETS OF CANADA, GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES.

CORRESPONDENCE INVITED

Dominion Securities ^rporation

E. P.. Wood -

O. A. Morrow
J.W. Miichell
J. A. Fraser -
W. S. Hodgens
T. H. Andison
A. F. White -

' ' President
Vice-President
Vice-President

- ' Secretary

Trensurer

A»'l S«cr«»ry

Aw't Tr<

LIMITED.

Established m{

HEAD OFFICE
26 KING STREET EAST

TOKONTO

MONTREAL BRANCH
Cftnadft Life Building
P.. W. Steele - - Manjuf

LONDON. ENC. BRANCH
No. 2 Austin Friars
A. L. Fullerten, Manager

Ingram & Bell

Limited
256 McCaul St. - Toronto

We carry a Complete
Line of all

SICK ROOM, PHYSICIANS,

NURSES, AND RED CROSS

SUPPLIES

.We are always pleased to quote
on any order large or small.

Canada^s Greatest Music House

Manufacturers and Importcr.s of

MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

Lithographers, Publishers and Importers of

Sheet Music, and Music Books, Standard,

Classical and Popular.

THE ONLY BAND INSTRUMENT
FACTORY IN CANADA

Imperial Band Instruments, Bugles, Trumpets

and Drums. Send us your orders for

anything musical.

LARGEST STOCK LOWEST PRICES
BEST SERVICE

Whaley, Royce & Co., Limited

Contractors to BritUh and Canadian Gorernmants
WINNIPEG - - TORONTO

12 The Civilian

emploVer's

LIABILITY ASSURANCE CORPORATION

OF LONDON, ENGLAND LIMITED

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION

EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY

GUARANTEE BONDS

PUBLIC LIABILITY

AUTOMOBILE

ELEVATOR

ACCIDENT

HEALTH

FIRE

OFFICES: MONTREAL and TORONTO

C. W. I. WOODLAND - General Manager | , ^ j j „, _, j, j

i/-»ijiu irivii^iivic r- »« f"' Canada and Newfoundland

JOHN JENKINS - - Fire Manager I

Applications for Agencies are solicited for ail or any of the above Classes where the Corporation is not already represented
The Corporation has Canadian Assets exceeding $1,400,000.00

This Trademark is an unfailing emblem of reliability.
It signifies unusual service at minimum cost.

Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods Co., Limited

Head Office and Factories, Toronto

— BRANCHES —

Victoria Vancouver Edmonton Calgary Saskatoon Regina Winnipeg

London Hamilton Toronto Ottawa Montreal St. John Halifax

Makers of High-grade Tires for Automobiles, Motor Trucks, Motor Cycles,
Bicycles, and Carriages, and High-grade Rubber Belting, Packing, Hose,
Heels, Mats, Horse Shoe Pads, Tiling, and General Rubber Specialties

As Viewed From Ottawa

Quality First

3400 r.p.m. Chalmers Cars

^— — are — -

"Made in Canada"

Chalmers Motor Company

of Canada, Limited

Walkerville, - Ontario

Hold Up Your Stationery
To The Light

AND SEE THAT IT CONTAINS

THIS WATERMARK

IT IS YOUR GUARANTEE

FOR QUALITY

MADE-IN-CANADA

— BY —

!)),. HOWARD SMITH PAPER MILLS, Limited

11 MONTREAL

Mills at Beauharnois

The Civilian

The Man Whose

Records Are
Worth Something

is a daily visitor to your store. It is tlii*
man to whom there is a decided appeal in

Underwood's

"EVERLASTING"

Bank Ink

A record made with this ink is really a
record, because it " Lasts as long as tht

paper-'*

Underwood's Bank Ink conies in
handsome, convenient bottles with our
improved pour -out device on quart and
pint sizes.

Are you ^retting good ink service?

Makers of "GOLD MEDAL" Carbons and Ribbons

John Underwood & Co.

90 Richmond Street East

Toronto

NEW TORK

LONDON, ENG.

TRADE MARK GOODS

ARE

GUARANTEED GOODS

(SMPy

Shipments Made Promptly

OF CANADA
LIMITED

^"^ Sheet Metal Products Co

MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG

WHEN PURCHASING

OVERALLS

INSIST ON

CARHARTT'S

THE PERFECT OVERALL
FOR MEN WHO TOIL

HAMILTON CARHARTT
COTTON MILLS, Limited

TORONTO, Ontario LIVERPOOL, England
VANCOUVER, B.C.

The Firm that has made "Union
Made " Goods Popular

The " House of Gage "

Envelope Makers

ALL SIZES - ALL STYLES

ONE QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP

IF you have need of a Special Design
for a particular purpose —

WRITE US

W. J. GAGE & CO., LIMITED

ENVELOPE MAKERS

TORONTO - Canada

We could manufacture cheaper — but we won't!
We would manufacture better — but we can't!

Compliments of

M. J. O'BRIEN

Rienfrew, Ontario

Davie Shipbuilding & Repairing

Co.^ Ltd.

Ship Builders and Repairers

I r^ L Montreal Office

LaUZOn^ V;UebeC Dominion Express Building

THE TRADE-MARK NAME

PRESIDENT

(NONE-SO-EASY)

appears on the buckles of the
most comfortable and satis-
factory suspenders made.

INSIST ON THE GENUINE

Sold by Best Dealers Everywhere

B. BELL & SON CO.

LIMITED

MANUFACTURERS

Agricultural
Implements

ST. GEORGE - ONTARIO

Praise from the U.S.A.

"1 !iin ;il loss to find words to express my
admiration for tliis wonclerful piece of mechanism.
I have a large collection of rifles, but I shall never
again slioot any other but the Ross. I killed two
powerful bulls, in under ten seconds, off-hand, at
four hundred yards, each shot once, and both fell
dead in their tracks."

Ralph Edmunds, Lawyer,

Idaho Falls, Idaho.

The above indicates better than anything we
can say why the Ross '280 High Velocity is so
popular. Accuracy, low trajectory, tremendous
power and absolute reliability make it the ideal
big game rifle.

For small game and target practice the Ross
'12 Cadet Rifle is unexcelled. This fine little rifle
is the official arm of all Canadian Cadet Corps.

At Best Dealers Everywhere

ROSS RIFLE COMPANY

QUEBEC

Canada^s Headquarters for

Tents and Canvas
Goods

Fancy Mackinaw

Lumbermen's and Contractors'
Supplies

Write for Catalogue

Grant- Hokden- Graham, Limited

Ottawa - Canada

0. LE MOINE

V. (;hatkauvkrt

J. B. RENAUD & CIE.

ENR.

Wholesale Dealers

FLOUR, GRAIN,
PROVISIONS, FISH, Etc.

GENERAL GROCERIES

MAPLP: sugar, butter and CHEESE
EXPORTERS

104-150 St. Paul St. - QUEBEC

Bjr Appointment
Furrier*

To H.M.
King George V.

IioltF^frew&Gx

Stores also at

MONTREAL, TORONTO, WINNIPEG

QUEBEC

TELEPHONE 6030-6031

The F. X. Drolet Company

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
and BUILDERS

Steel, Iron and Brass Foundry

206 Bridge Street - QUEBEC

HERMAN YOUNG A. J. TEAKLE

THE HERMAN YOUNG CO.

REG'D.

Wholesale Hardware

— and —

Contractors' Supplies

111-115 Bridge Street - QUEBEC

Hull Electric Company

Railway
Light Power

Office, 117 Main St.

HULL, Que.

As Viewed From Ottawa

Underwood

TYPEWRITER

The BoiSt Poundtition Upon,
whidi Gte'cit Bu$inG$$ Can Build

Canadian Representatives

United Typewriter Co., Limited

lii'st "Assistant
in the Field of
CommGr^ciial
Pro^f Gss ....

Victoria St., at Queen

Underwood

"QAe OT/acAine Q/ou ^^,11 Suentually "Buif"

The Civilian

THE MARKET PLACE OF THE EAST

{Birdacye View of Store and Factories)

T. EATON CO. LIMITED, TORONTO, CANADA

East and West the EATON Service means to all a saving service; modern mail order eflSciency
stands for more than the actual buying and selling of goods; time and trouble saving has been as essential
in building up these two immense centres of trade as the actual saving of money to you.

An accumulative experience as to your many wants enables us to buy better and sell cheaper.
Prompt and painstaking handling of mail order correspondence gives you every advantage of the resident buyer.

All outgoing merchandise trains are scheduled and timed in our various shipping centres and goods
are dispatched with the same regularity as are the trains themselves, assuring you the greatest possible
saving in time.

Our merchandise catalogue will open to you a wonderful storehouse of modern goods priced at figures
that will interest.

Catalogue sent free to your address upon request.

T. EATON C9.

TORONTO

MITED

CANADA

As Viewed From Ottawa

THE MARKET PLACE OF THE WEST

T. EATON CO. LIMITED, WINNIPEG, CANADA

All roads in the Great West and Northland lead to this vast emporium of the world's choicest goods.
Here may be tound furnishings and equipment for self or household, of quality and value that will please
the most exacting buyer.

Our mammoth merchandise catalogue has become a household necessity and buyer's guide to those
who have been unable to make their purchases in person, many who have the choice prefer buying the mail
order way. Its contents show the latest and best domestic and imported goods specially selected by buyers
who have studied the wants of mail order buyers.

Every item has been carefully priced and ycu can be assured of receiving the highest value on all
purchases. The EATON guarantee, " Goods satisfactory or money refunded, including shipping charges," is a
positive assurance of Satisfaction. The smallest order receives the same prompt and careful attention as the large.

Catalogue mailed free to your address upon request.

<^^

T. EATON C9,

WINNIPEG

MITEO

CANADA

The Civilian

—Concerning JAS-PER-ITE

the Present-
Future Varnish

How to Varnish New
Birch or Maple Floors

Preparation

If it is ii new floor, birch or
maple, first see that it is in prop(>r
condition to be varnished. Scrape,
plane and sand-paper until the
surface is smooth and free from
all rough places. Dust out care-
fully and the floor is then ready
to receive the first application of
varnish.

First First application should consist
Coat °^ pqual proportions of Jas-per-
ite Indestructo Floor Varnish
and Turpentine — mixed together. This
preparation will penetrate into the wood

and form the very best foundation that
it is possible to obtain, to receive the
succeeding coat or coats of varnish.

Hardwood floors treated in this man-
ner will hold their natural color for years.

Second After applying first coat
Coat 'illo"' 24 to 36 hours to dry,
sand-paper with ffne sand-
paper, dust out and floor is ready for
second coat.

If floor is to receive only two coats,
use varnish as it comes from the can for
second, and keep off floor as long as
possible so \-arnish will not fracture
when walked on.

If floor is to havo three coats, second
coat should consist of three parts Ja,s-
per-ite Indestructo Floor Varnish and
one part Turpentine, allowing at least
36 hours before applying finishing coat.

Hardwood floors treated in this manner
will hold their natural color for years.

For further information regarding the application of
varnish for any purpose, apply to 987 Wellington Street

Ottawa Paint Works Limited

Ottawa

jikmm

S^ PRESENT-rUTURE

VARNISH

III 111 5"'"*' LiM JaSPlB.WMOS lilE IROM jTj'

OTTAWA PAINT WORKS LIMlTtD

TOROHTD OTTAWA VANtOUVtfi

,V^.i4,.Wi,|„'— ;^',,^^_'.vwwvii.|.|if— ^m^u^^^, nii.-..^>^M\\V,W

XHird ■'^^tcr applying the second coat of
* varnish allow 24 to 36 hours to

C-Oat <lry, sand-paper lightly, dust out
and the floor is then ready to
receive the final coat of indestructive varnish.
Varnish for third coat should be used as it
comes from the can. Keep the room warm
and well ventilated, allow ample time for
varnish to become perfectly hard, this will
take at least 36 hours. If directions are
carried out we guarantee that you will have
a perfect floor.

KELLYS, Limited

ESTABLISHED 1876

Harness and Saddlery

Trunks, Bags, Travelling Requisites

Staple and Fancy Leather Goods

Military Equipment

116-118 GRANVILLE STREET

HALIFAX - Nova Scotia

Samuel Hart & Co.
Clothing

Manufacturers

254 Ontario Street West
MONTREAL

Canada

As Viewed Fhom Oti'awa

This is the Message of THE TARGET PRACTICE ROD

Adopted by Canada and the U.S.A.
Conceded by Expert Riflemen to be the Most Economical and Practical Target Practice Device Known.

It is possible to develop the equiva-
lent of a second army from the now
latent and wasted ability of our rifle
forces.

WHY NOT DO IT ?

Army rifle effectiveness is low, because of
Jack of shooting practice. Drill every rifle-
man as constantly and thoroughly in the
co-ordination of hand, eye and sense which
delivers a perfect shot, as he is now drilled
in other actions, and the value of our rifle
forces will be more than doubled, within
a few months. This can be done by issuing
a practice rod to each rifleman as part of
his kit (instead of a hundred rounds of
practice ammunition, the cost being about
the same) and making shooting practice
obligatory at every drill.

FUld Practice with the Target Practice Rod, C.E.F., Bermuda

THE REARDON RIFLE SIGHT CO. LTD. THE TARGET PRACTICE ROD CO., LTD. OF OTTAWA

OTTAWA, CANADA 17 Victoria Street S.W., London, England

Pink's Lumbering Tools

The Standard Tools in every province of the Dominion,
New Zealand, Australia, etc. We manufacture all kinds
of lumber tools. Light and Durable.

Long Distance Phone, No. 87

Send for Catalogue and Price List.

Sold throughout the Dominion by all Wholesale
and Retail Hardware Merchants.

The Thomas Pink Company, Limited

Manufacturers of Lumber Tools

PEMBROKE - ONTARIO

MADE IN CANADA

It's a Pink any way you take it,
and it's the best Peavy made.

The Civilian

NAMES WORTH REMEMBERING

EZE

SUSPENDERS

The wonderful
free action of the
sHding cords make
" EZE " Suspen-
ders most popular
for Fall, AYinter,
or early Spring
wear.

Guaranteed for
ONE YEAR

Dealer will re-
fund money if not
satisfied.

Throw your coat off
during the warm days
and look neat and
well dressed. "KING"
Summer Suspenders
are worn under the
shirt and always Out-

0-SlTE.

2 or 4 Point

Two point fastens
one loop at each side.

Four point fastens
one loop at each side
and two loops at back

Metal parts are
RUST-PROOF, will
not rust or stain shirt.

Made in Canada — Sold Everywhere

SUMMER SUSPENDER

WORN

OVEB THE UKDEB8HIST.
UNDEB THE OVXBSHIBT.

If your Dealer hasn't these in stock — send 50c. and we will send you either model Postpaid

The KING SUSPENDER CO., 64-68 Adelaide St. East, TORONTO, Canada

Election Campaigns Given Special Attention

Multigraph
Letters.

Addressing.

Mailing
Services.

Might Directories Limited

Advertising-by-Mail Experts
OTTAWA - TORONTO

Mailing
Lists.

Directories.

Press
Clippings.

We carry a large stock of envelopes and paper and are prepared to do printing
and the reproducing of facsimile typewritten letters in large and small quantities.

Our Mailing Lists and Press Clippings cover Canada, United States and Great Britain.

The services of our Public Stenographer are at your disposal when in Toronto.

The City Directories of Toronto and Ottawa (including Hull,) are published by us and
we act as sales agents of all Canadian Directories.

TWO YEARS OF WAR

AS VIEWED FROM OTTAWA

A SPECIAL ISSUE OF 'THE CIVILIAN' GIVING
SOME ACCOUNT OF THE WAR WORK OF
THE CIVIL SERVICE OF CANADA, 1914-1916.

OTTAWA

THE CIVILIAN
1916

CONTENTS

Page

The Wah Work OF THE Government Departments. 31

The Department of Militia & Defence 33-37

The Department of the Naval Service 37-41

The Department of Marine & Fisheries 41-43

The Department of Finance 43-47

The Office of the Auditor-General 47-49

The Department of Customs 49-51

The Department of Inland Revenue 51-53

The Privy Council Office 53

The Department of the Secretary of State 53-57

The Department of External Affairs 57

The Post Office Department 57-63

The Department of Trade & Commerce 03-69

The Department of the Interior 69

The Department of Indian Affairs 69-72

The Dominion Police 72-73

The Royal North-West Mounted Police 73-77

The Public Archives 77-78

Page-

The War Work of Civil Service Organizations. 79

Patriotic Fund, first eon ribution 80-83

Patriotic Fund, second contribution 83-84

General contributions 84-86

The Women's Branch, Civil Service Association

of Ottawa 86-90

Civil Servants as Soldiers 91

The Honour Roll of Enlistments 91-113

Our Decorations Won 113-123

C vil Service Casualties 123-127

SiDB-LlGHTS OF THE WaR-TiME 129-134

A National Loss 129-131

The New Welland Ship Canal 131-132

Some Civil Service War Problems 132-134

The Civilian 1.34-135

Returning Heroes

By Duncan W. John.son

{Duncan W. Johnson, of Ihe Department of the Interior, is one of the most versatile of the literary men of the Civil
Service. He is slory-wriler, essayist and photo-playwright as well as poet. His productions have, heretofore, been more
u-idely known in the United States than in Canada, but duriny the war he has contributed a number of notable patriotic
poems to the Canadian press thai have brought his name into high favour am'ing discriminating readers.)

Proud in the strength of manhood's power,

Eager to do their bit,

They did not shirk in flower-strewed bower.

Supine they did not sit;

They heard the Call from o'er the sea,

"Come, lads, we need your aid!" —

They heard the Call — they made no plea

To stay with wife or maid.

Fled is the strength of yesteryear.

To home they come again—

They did their bit with British cheer,

Our brave Canadian men;

On pain-wracked bed they toss this hour —

Their pain for us they bear.

Fled is their strength, a young man's dower,

His joy, his jewel so rare.

Like Knights of old they come again,

All battle-scarred and worn,

They've proved themselves right truly men

Our brave Canadian-born.

Their duty done, ours but begun

We must stand by their side.

They manned the guns, they faced the Hun,

They must be now our Pride!

Proud is the manhood of our Land,

Regal our womankind.

They must give now the welcome hand.

To Ibroken men and blind.

They've done their bit, ihc.y faced the foe

While we stayed safe behind;

Our gratitude we now must show

To prove we were not blind.

So welcome home from o'er the sea

These lads from this our land.

They fought the fight to keej) us free,

Extend the welcome hand.

There's naught too good for the maim6d boys

Who come back to our shore.s,

God gi-ant they now will know the joys

A grateful land outpours!

Index to Advertisements

Pago

Acme Glove Works, Ltd Ixxiv

Allan Line Steamship Co., Ltd 142

Algoma Steel Corporation, Ltd . Ixxxii

American Machine & Foundry Co cix

Amherst Boot & Shoe Co., Ltd Ixxv

Anderson-Macbeth, Ltd Ix

Anglo-Canadian Type & Printing Machine, Ltd., The. cxxviii

Arm.strong, Whitworth of Canada, Ltd Ixii

Ash, Claudius, Sons & Co., Ltd Ixvi

Atlas Construction Co., Ltd cxxii

Auburn Woollen Co., Ltd cxxv

Augustin Comte & Cie., Limitee lix

Authors <fe Cox Ixvii

Aylmer Shoe Co., Ltd., The xx

Ballantynk, J. & T., Ltd cxxv

Ballantyne, R. M., Ltd Hi

Banfteld, W. H., & Sons, Ltd Ixx

Bank of Montreal 7

Barber Asphalt Paving Co., The xlix

Bates & Innes, Ltd cxvii

Bathurst Lumber Co., Ltd xcv

Beal Bros., Ltd cvi

Beal, R. M., Leather Co., Ltd., The Iviii

Beatty, M., & Sons, Ltd xix

Bell Furniture Co., Ltd xlviii

Bell, Robert, Engine & Thresher Co., Ltd., The xxi

Bentley, Fleming & Co Ixiii

Berman Bros. & Co cxxiii

Bermingham, Wm li

Bertram, John, & Sons Co., Ltd., The vi

Blatchford, E. W., & Co '. . Ixvi

Boeckh Bros. Co., Ltd., The Ix

Borbridge, S. & H cxxv

Boyd, M exxix

Brandon Shoe Co., Ltd., The cxxix

Brandram-Henderson, Ltd cxxxii

Breckenridge, R. A cxxvi

Briti-sh American Assurance Co xxvii

Brock, W. R., Co., Ltd., The 9

Brookfield, S. M., Ltd Ixxxvii

Brown, Boggs Co., Ltd., The Ivi

Brown Bros. Ltd xxxiii

Bryant Press, Ltd., The civ

Buckley Drouin Co., Ltd cxxiv

Burns, P., & Co., Ltd cxvii

Burroughs Adding Machine Co 3

Canada Carriage Co cxxxi

Canada Cloak Co., Ltd., The 1

Canada Forge Co., Ltd xvi

Canada Furniture Manufacturers, Ltd liv

Canada Paper Co., Ltd cxxiv

Canada Tool & Specialty Co., Ltd xciii

Canada Tnmk & Bag, Ltd li

Canadian Brake Shoe Co., Ltd cxix

Canadian Bridge Co., Ltd., The xlvi

Canadian Car & Foundry Co., Ltd xxxvii

Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Ltd viii

Canadian Cottons, Ltd Ivii

Canadian Explosives, Ltd xliii

Canadian Glove Co., Ltd cxxiv

Page

Canadian Government Railways Ixviii

Canadian Independent Telephone Co., Ltd xxv

Canadian Inspecting & Testing Laboratories, Ltd ox

Canadian Kodak Co., Ltd xiii

Canadian Pacific Ry. Co i

Canadian Pneumatic Tool Co., Ltd xlvii

Canadian Ramapo Iron Works, Ltd x

Canadian Steam Ship Lines, Ltd Ixxx

Canadian Stewart Co., Ltd xli

Canadian Tube & Iron Co., Ltd xxxvi

Canadian-Warren Axe & Tool Co., Ltd xxi

Canadian Westinghouse Co., Ltd xxix

Canadian Yale & Towne, Ltd Ivi

Carhartt, Hamilton Cotton Mills, Ltd 14

Chalmers Motor Co. of Canada, Ltd 13

Chapman Double Ball Bearing Co. of Can , Ltd., The cxvi

Cheseborough Mfg. Co cxi

Clayton & Sons Ixiii

Cohen, L., & Son cxxii

Coles, Geo., Ltd cxxvii

Confederation Construction Co., Ltd xl

Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd xxvi

Cooper Cap Co Ixv

Coppley, Noyes & Randall, Ltd xxix

Courtney & Sears cxxv

Cotton Co., Ltd xcvii

Coy Bros cxviii

Craig, Cowan Co., Ltd Iv

Crescent Concrete Co., The cxxvii

Crown Pants Co cxxiii

Cummer-Dowswell, Ltd cxxvi

Cumming, J. W., & Son, Ltd Ixxv

Cunningham & Wells, Ltd cxxiv

Dalley Product.s, Ltd xxxii

Dartnell, Ltd cxxii

Date, John lix

Davies, Irwin, Ltd ex

Davies, Wm., Co. Ltd., The Ix

Davies & Fraser Ixiv

Dennis Wire & Iron Works Co. Ltd., The cvi

De Wolf, T. A. S., & Son xciii

Dixon & Murray xcvii

Doering Trunk Co., Ltd., The bci

Domestic Specialty Co., Ltd Ixv

Dominion Abrasive Wheel Co., Ltd., The cxx

Dominion Artificial Limb Co Ixvi

Dominion Coal Co., Ltd xviii

Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Ltd xliii

Dominion Publishing & Import Co cxxvii

Dominion Road Machinery Co., Ltd lii

Dominion Securities Corp., Ltd 11

Dominion Steel Foundry Co., Ltd Ixi

Dominion Textile Co., Ltd xviii

Dougall Varnish Co., Ltd., The cvii

Dredging & Dock Co., Ltd., The civ

Drummond, McCall & Co., Ltd lix

Drury, H. A., Co., Ltd cxxxi

Dubrule Manufacturing Co., Ltd lix

Duchess Garment Co cxxviii

Dunlop Tire & Rubber Goods Co., Ltd 12

Kaolbs, J. S., & Co cxvi

Eastern Car Co., Ltd Ixix

Two Yeaks of War

Page

Eastern Hat & Cap Mfg. Co., Ltd Ixxxviii

16-17

vii

xxxiv

Ixii

Eaton, T., Co., Ltd., The (Toronto-Winnipeg) .

Electric Steel & Metals Co., Ltd., The

Electric Steel & Metals Co., Ltd., The. . . .
Employers Liability Assurance Corp., Ltd.
English & Scotch Woolen Co

Fairbanks, E. & T., Co., Ltd

Fashion Craft Manufacturers, Ltd

Forbes, R., Co., Ltd., The

Frank Bros

Freedman Co'y-, The

Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., (Montreal)

Furness, Withy & Co., Ltd., (Halifax) Ixxxiv

cxxiii

Ixvii

cxxiii

Gage, W. J., & Co., Ltd

Gait Brass Co., Ltd

Gait Knitting Co., Ltd., The

Gait Robe Co

Gait Stove & Furnace Co., Ltd., The

Garland Mfg. Co., Ltd., The

General Ry. Signal Co. of Canada, Ltd

Gillette Safety Razor Co. of Canada, Ltd 2nd Page

Gillis, Frank A., Co., Ltd., The

Globe-Wernicke Co., Ltd., The

Goldenberg, P., & Co., Rqg

Goldie & McCulloch Co., Ltd., The

Gosselin, Joseph

Grand Trunk Ry. System

Grands Typewriter Supply, Ltd

Grant, John J

Great Lakes Transportation Co., Ltd

Gregory, James S

Grier Timber Co. Ltd., The

Guelph Oiled Clothing Co., Ltd., The

Guildford & Sons, Ltd

Gunns, Ltd

Gurney Scale Co

Gutta Percha & Rubber, Ltd

Hachborn, E. G., & Co

Hageh & Co., Ltd

Hahn Brass Co., Ltd., The

Hamilton Bridge Works Co., Ltd., The. . . .

Hamilton Cotton Co

Hamilton Uniform Cap Co

Hart, Samuel, & Co

Hartt Boot & Shoe Co., Ltd., The

Harvey Knitting Co., Ltd

Hawthorn Mills

Heney Carriage & Harness Co., Ltd., The

Hesson, W. J., & Co

Hunter Bridge & Boiler Co., Ltd., The. . .

Ideal Bedding Co., Ltd., The

Imperial Clothing Co

Imperial Glove Co

Imperial Oil Co., Ltd., The

Independent Cordage Co., Ltd

Independent Order of Foresters, The . .

Ingram & Bell, Ltd

International Arms & Fuze Co., Inc. . .

International Mail Equipment Co

Ives Modern Bedstead Co., Ltd., The.

Jackson, Sir John, (Canada), Ltd. . .

Jamieson, R. C, & Co., Ltd

Jardine, A. B., & Co

Johnson & Johnson

JoUey, Jas., & Sons, Ltd

Ixxix

xcviii

cxxvi

Cover

Ixxviii

xlviii

cxxiii

xiv

xcvi

cxxv

Ixxviii

XXX

Ixxxix

Ixxiv

Ixxviii

cxxviii

xlv

xvii

xxiii

xciii

Ixvi

liii

liv

xcii

liii

cxiii

xlv

cxxiv

Ixx

xxii^
cxx

Ixvii

Ixxxi

Ixv

xlvii

xlix

cxiv

Ivii

liv

cxv

Ixxvi

Kane & Ring

Keiths, Ltd

Kelly, A

Kelly's, Ltd

Kennedy, Wm., & Sons, Ltd., The.

Kingston Hosiery, Ltd

King Suspender Co., The

Lake of the Woods Milling Co., Ltd

Lamontagne, Ltd

Leakey, E. O

Lincoln Paper Mills Co., Ltd., The

Linde Canadian Refrigeration Co., The

Lindsay, John

Locomotive Superheater Co

London & Lancashire Life & Gen. Assur. Assoc, Ltd.

London Mutual Fire Ins. Co., The

Lowndes Co., Ltd., The

Lyall, P., & Sons Construction Co., Ltd

Lymans, Ltd

Lyons, Geo. A

Machon Sealing Wax Co., The

Magog Woolen Mills, Ltd

Manchester, Robertson, Allison, Ltd

Mappin & Webb Canada Ltd

Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. of Can., Ltd., The.

Maritime Nail Co., Ltd

Martin Pump & Machine Co., Ltd., The

Massey-Harris Co., Ltd

Meakins & Sons, Ltd

Metal Drawing Co., Ltd

Midland Engine Wks

Might Directories, Ltd

Miller Mfg. Co., Ltd., The

Mitchell Woollen Co., Ltd., The

Moir, W. & A

Mole, Anthony

Monarch Knitting Co., Ltd., The

Montreal Lithograph Co., Ltd., The

Montreal Stencil Works

Montreal Transportation Co., Ltd

Moore, W. 3

Mortimer & Blackeby

Mosher, F. & Son

Mothersills Remedy Co

Murad Cigarettes

Murray-Kay, Ltd

Musson Book Co., Ltd., The

MacArthur, Perks & Co., Ltd

Macdonald, Randolph Co., Ltd., The.

Mackenzie, Ltd

Mackinnon Holmes & Co., Ltd

McAviTY, T., & Sons, Ltd

McBrine Co., Ltd., The

McCaskey Systems, Ltd

McClary Mfg. Co., The

McFarlane, G. W., Engineering Co.,

McLean, Kennedy, Ltd

McMurchy, John & Sons

The.

National-Acme Mfg. Co.,

National Brass, Ltd

National Drug & Chemical Co. of Can., Ltd

National Machinery & Supply Co., Ltd., The

National Securities Corporation, Ltd

National Steel Car Co., Ltd

Newlands & Co., Ltd

Northern Dredging & Construction Co., Ltd., The.,

Page

xciii

cxxvii

cxxii

Ivi
oxxix

ix
cix

Ixiv

Ivii

cxxviii

cxxii

Ixvi

Ixxiii

xlii

Ixxvi

Ixv

Ixxv

Ixxxix

xxii

Ixxxv

Ixvii

xxviii

Ixvii

cvi

Ixxviii

ciii

10 "

cix

cxvi

Ixvi

cxxvii

Ixiv

cxi

cxxvii

Ixxiii

xxxviii

cxii

cxx

xci

Iviii
Ixvii

XXXV

xxvi

xlvi

Ixi

Ixxvii

liii

cxi

cxxvi

cxxviii

xxxi

Ixxix

xciv

As Viewed From Otiawa

Pag--

Northrop & Lyman Co., Ltd cxxviii

Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co., Ltd Ixxu

OcE.^X .\CCCIDENT & Gu.\R.\NTEE CoRP., LtD., ThE . . 6

Ontario-Hughes-Owens Co., Ltd., The cxxi

Ontario May-Oatway Fire Alarms, Ltd xxv

Ontario Soap & Oil Co cxxvii

Ottawa Car Mfg. Co., Ltd Ixxiv

Ottawa Electric Co., The cxii

Ottawa Gas Co., The cxii

Ottawa Paint Works, Ltd ' 18

Ottawa Paper Box Co., The xcii .

P.\CKARD Electric Co., Ltd., The ci

Palter Bros cxxviii

Paris Wincev Mills Co., Ltd Ixxvii

Parkhill Mfg. Co., Ltd., The xxvii

Paton Mfg. Co cxv

Pembroke Iron Works, Ltd cxix

Perfect-Knit Mills, Ltd Ixxiii

Perth Shoe Co., Ltd cxxi

Peterborough Machine & Lubricator Co., Ltd., The. . . cxx'x

Phoenix Foundry & Locomotive Works xc

Pink, Thomas, Co., Ltd., The 19

Pollock Mfg. Co., Ltd., The xcix

Poison Iron Works, Ltd Iv

Port Arthur Construction Co., Ltd xxxix

Pratt & Whitney Co. of Canada, lAd vi

Pre.ston Car & Coach Co., Ltd., The Ixi

Prichard-Andrews Co. of Ottawa, The cxxv

Princess Mfg. Co., Ltd., The civ

Punchard-Birrell Co liii

Quality Mattress Co cxviii

Randall, John.ston, Ltd civ

Rathbun, H. M Ixvi

Rea, A. E., Co., Ltd., The 8

Reardon Rifle Sight Co., Ltd., The 19

Reford, Robert, Co., Ltd., The iii

Regent Knitting Mills, Ltd cviii

Reid Newfoundland Co 140

Reliance Knitting Co., Ltd Ixv

Remington Typewriter Co., Ltd xii

Renfrew Electric Mfg. Co., Ltd., The 141

Richards Manufacturing Co., Ltd xcii

Richard.son, James, & Sons, Ltd cxxx

Ritchie, John, Co., Ltd., The exxxii

Robe & Clothing Co., Ltd., The xcix

Robertson, Jas., Co., Ltd., The xi

Roden Bros. Ltd Ixxiii

Holland Paper Co., Ltd., The 8

Rolph & Clark, Ltd xxiv

Ross, Geo. D., & Co Ixxiv

Royal Bank of Canada, The 7

Royal Mail Steam Packet Co., The Ixxxvii

Royal Polishes Co cxxiv

Rubenstein Bros cxxiv

Sawyer-Massey Co., Ltd cxxvi

Schaffner, I. B., Co., Ltd cxxv

Schell, J. T., Co., The cxxi

Schofield Woollen Co., Ltd., The cxxvi

Scott-Chamberlain, Ltd cxviii

Shearer, Jas., Co., Ltd., The cxxii

Sheet Metal Products Co. of Canada, Ltd., The 14

Sheldon's Ltd c.vxxi

Sherbrooke Iron Works, Ltd cxix

Shurly & Derrett, Ltd Ixv

Shurly-Dietrich Co., Ltd Iviii

Sinclair, Angus xxxi

Slingsby Mfg. Co., Ltd., The Iviii

Page

Smart-Woods, Ltd xliv

Smith Bros cxviii

Smith, E. D., & Son, Ltd. xx

Smith Foundry Co., Ltd., The xcii

Smith, Howard Paper Mills, Ltd 13

Smith & Proctor Ixiii

Spanish River Pulp & Paper Mills, Ltd., The Ixxxiii

Spartan Machine Co., Ltd., The cviii

St. Lawrence Iron Foundry Co., Ltd cxiii

S' . Lawrence Sugar Refineries, Ltd Ixii

Stafford, S. S., Inc cxxviii

Stairs, Wm., Son & Morrow, Ltd Ixxxvi

Stamped & Enamel Ware, Ltd c

Standard Marble & Tile Co., Ltd., The cxx

Steel Co. of Canada, Ltd., The xxxii

Steel Equipment Co., Ltd., The xliv

Stewart, Bruce Co., Ltd cxxiv

Stewart, Geo. M Ivii

Stone, B., & Co Ixvi

Storey & Campbell xcvii

Strathcona Garment Mfg. Co., The cxxiii

Structural Engineering Co., Ltd cxxii

Sun Life Assurance Co. of Canada 7

Sylvester Mfg. Co., Ltd cxxix

Tallman Brass & Metal Co cxxvi

Taylor, Frank H cii

Taylor, J. & J., Ltd Ivi

Tebbutt Shoe & Leather Co., Ltd., The exx

Tetrault Shoe Mfg. Co cvii

Thomson & Theakston Ixiii

Todd, Chas. F cxxix

Toronto Carpet Mfg. Co., Ltd., The xix

Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Ry. Co 5

Trees, Samuel & Co., Ltd cii

Try Me Tire Co., The exxxii

TurnbuU, C, Co., of Gait, Ltd. The xxxiii

Underwood, John, & Co 14

Underwood Typewriter 15

Union Drawn Steel Co., Ltd Ixvii

Union Steam.ship Co. of B.C., Ltd xcvii

Union Stock Yards of Toronto, Ltd Iv

Waterous Engine Works Co., Ltd., The cviii

Waterman, L. E., Co., Ltd cvii

Weitzer, H cxxiii

Welland Vale Mfg. Co., Ltd., The xvii

Wells Bros. Co. of Canada, Ltd cviii

Wentzells Ltd cxxv

Western Assurance Co xxvii

Western Machinery Co., Ltd., The ciii

Western Shoe Co., Ltd., The xxii

Wettlaufer Bros. Ltd xxviii

Whaley, Royce & Co., Ltd 11

White Star-Dominion Line iv

White & Thomas Ixv

Whiting, John M cxxvii

Wilson Carbon Paper Co., Ltd xxiv

Wilson & Laflour, Ltd cxxii

Wilson, M. J., & Sons evii

Wise, Henry ci

Witchall & Son '. ly

Wolf, Geo., & Sons, Ltd cxxix

Woodstock Wagon & Mfg. Co., Ltd., The cxxvi

Wry, A. E. — Standard, Ltd Ixxxvii

York Construction Co., Ltd., The Ixxix

Yorkshire! Importing Co cxxiii

Zeneth Machine Co., Ltd cxxi

Two Years of War

FIELD MARSHAL HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT AND STRATHEARN

K.G., K.T., K.P., G.M.B., G.C.S.I., G.C.M.G., G.C.I.E., G.C.V.O., P.C.

Governor General of Canada During the First Two Years of the War

INTRODUCTION

THE early days of a year are always a time of retrospection, of stock-taking, of comparison and of making high
resolve for the future. Never in history has there been such a national stock-taking as that now going on.
Six of the world's greatest powers and many smaller ones are anxiously balancing the losses and gains of the
last two years and examining their resources to ascertain how long they may yet sustain the struggle that will
decide their fates.

In the British Empire, more than in an\' other combatant nation, the national balance-sheet makes a good
showing. Britain's exertions have been tremendous and her expenditures of life and wealth enormous, but, as the
demands of the situation have increased, her resources have expanded. In power of men and guns she is only now
beginning to demonstrate her full might. Her maximum fighting strength has by no means been attained. Now,
at last, her people recognize that war demands the devotion to the national service of every public and private re-
source. Now, at last, there is no holding back of wealth, or labor, or life. At last Britain is awake, — and it will
prove a fearful awakening to her foes!

Canada, far removed from the scene of strife, never hearing the roar of guns nor seeing the wounded fresh from
the battlefield, responds more slowly to the call for the last man and the last dollar. Her people are yet at the stage
when one looks to see what another is doing. They have not yet reached the state wherein each one cries, "My all
for my country!" caring nothing whether his fellow does his duty equally well or not. The vision of the glory of
service, — of the blessedness of sacrifice, — is only now revealing itself to us.

This state of reservation and comparison is one of sore trial. Canadians have profited too greatly in material
things and suffered too little in personal things to be yet welded into a perfect unity in national service as are the
peoples of Europe. Selfishness and individualitj' are yet all too much in evidence and too often the question "Am
I my brother's keeper?" is raised, while the command "Judge not" is forgotten.

But the sacred altar of loyalty to the Empire, and of the civilization which the Empire is defending, is placed
high above that level upon which ordinary man lives out his life. If we are to reach that altar with our gifts it must
be by way of the steps that lead to it, and those steps are the loyalty to class, place or section which are as common
to us all as is breathing.

It was that the name of his tribe might be honoured in the congregation that the IsraeHte of old united with
his brethren in the rush of battle that won for all their Land of Promise. It was because the privileges of their class
laid upon them special burdens that the Knights of chivalric days made "Noblesse oblige" the motto under which
they fought to the death or worked through toilsome years for those whom they not merely commanded but also
served. It was to the cry "St. George for Merry England," or "Scotland Forever," or "Erin go Bragh" that the
men of the Sister Isles mingled their blood on many a hard-won field in defence of the rights of all. It is because our
Canadian boys are banded together in their own regiments and because their heroism writes the name of Canada
in letters of fire across the firmament of history that they fight as they are fighting to-day in Flanders and in France.

And so it is not self-praise nor is it a mere exhibition of sectional vanity to laud in a work such as this the
deeds of the Civil Service of Canada. On the contrary, it draws the sentiments of a great brotherhood to the sup-
port of a common cause ; it brings the fire of another small shrine to the great high altar of Empire ; it does not divide,
but adds memory and class-loyalty to the holier bonds that hold us all in indissoluble union.

Every man may play one, and some two parts in the present bloody drama. To the civil servant it is given
to play three parts. He serves his country as a member of its great organization of civil government; he serves it
as a participator in the patriotic works of his own and other private organizations, and finally, if he be fit and free,
he may serve in arms against his country's foes. His labour, his money and his life are ahke at the service of
the state.

The extent to which these several services are performed by civil servants seems to be but little known and
the value to Canada of that performance too often misunderstood. It is known that thousands of civil servants
are bearing arms for the King, but just how many, few are aware. It is known that the Civil Service has given great
aid to patriotic undertakings of a financial sort, but just how much, few are informed. Yet the lack of information
in these regards is neHher so great nor so regrettable as is the lack of realization that in their official capacities the
civil servants have given Canada the greatest aid of all.

Two Years of War

THE RIGHT HON. SIR ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN, PC, G.C.M.G., LL.D., K.C.

Premier of Canada

As Viewed From Ottawa

An applicant for enlistment in the army must he in good physical condition or he will not be accepted. The
military authorities know that a man must have every bone, sinew, nerve and sense efficient and responsive to every
demand in order that he may sustain the trial of active service. As it is with a man, so is it with a nation. A
country's financial, commercial and industrial conditions must be good and all its public services in first-class work-
ing order, or it will not bear the burden of prolonged war. In the present contest Britain and her allies will win by
the economic strength that stands behind their armies and navies as much as by the achievements of the fighting
forces.

The dut\ of maintaining the internal equilibrium of a country falls largely upon its civil service. Govern-
ments formulate policies but civil services carry them out. In time of war the civil service of any country is called
upon to carry on its usual work under conditions of great disturbance and difficulty and to perform, as well, numerous
unusual and highly important duties. At such times the public attention is concentrated upon the fate of armies
and the decision of battles while the home forces that have contributed to keeping the armies in the field and making
victory a possibility are commonly overlooked.

Just how much of Canada's success as a participant in the war is due to her Civil Service, no one can accurately
define. During two >ears of unprecedented strain the Dominion's public services have been discharged as efficiently
as in the days before the war, and this condition has come to be taken so much as a matter of course that the pubUc
seldom, if ever, stops to think that things might l;e otherwise. Not only have normal public services been carried
on uninterruptedly, but the stupendous tasks of maintaining internal peace, of collecting war revenues, of handling
enormous loans, of protecting and directing communications, trade and industry, and of feeding, clothing, arming,
transporting and caring for nearly four hundred thousand men have been performed largely l)y the ("ivil Service.

Not this introduction, nor this whole Ijook, nor many such books could explain in full how great, how varied
and how essential to the success of the national cause these services are.

In the first section of this book endeavour is made to throw some light upon the subject, but, because of the
great extent of the field to lie covered, it is impossible to give more than a glimpse of the work in progress.

A second section of the book deals with the endeavours of civil servants, banded together in their own or-
ganizations, to assist various patriotic undertakings by contributions of their private means and efforts.

A third section is devoted to the men of the Service who, not content with working and giving, have gone
forth to fight, and to the women who have devoted themselves to the nursing services. To serve the Sovereign in
a civil capacity has never satisfied the patriotic impulses of the men enrolled in the Civil Service of Canada. At all
periods of her history, civil servants have been prominently identified with her militia forces and on every occasion
of active service they have borne an honourable part. In this war, by the numbers and the deeds of its men in khaki,
the ancient proud traditions of the Service have been nobly maintained.

The facts herein set forth are for the Canailian people to sum up, to weigh and to measure by the standard of
service set by the whole of Canada in the Autumn of 1916, — for the various records given cover, approximately,
oniy the first two years of the war.

As this work goes to press there is evidence of a new leaven working in the people of Canada, — a promise that
the year 1917 ynW see a degree of national effort that shall far exceed anything heretofore contemplated. In the
Civil Service this spirit is moving strongly. Men and women are grappling with the problem of national duty in a
way they never knew before. From East and West comes news of greater pledges to patriotic funds, of men com-
bining to work far beyond their normal day's task, in order that some may be spared from civil for military service
and yet the country left unburdened with additional expense. When another twelve months have passed, if a
balance-sheet of Canada's national endeavour is struck, it will be found that the Civil Service has been a greater
contributor to the credit side, in men, in money and in service, than ever before.

By its labours, by its gifts, and by the deeds and sacrifices of its men overseas the Civil Service has been no
small factor in making Canada's part in the war a matter of pride to her people, of admiration to her friends and
of envy and disappointment to her foes.

The civil servants are a part of the Canadian people. They serve all the people. They do their duty in
peace or war as other Canadians do theirs. Their record has been kept, as best it could be, and is set forth, without
either boast or apology, to be judged by the standards of its t'me.

THE CIVILIAN COMMITTEE.

Ottawa, December, 1916.

Two Years of War

THE RIGHT HON. SIR WILFRID LAURIER, P.O., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L.

The War Work of the Government Departments

WHEN this special issue was planned it was in-
tended that it should deal with all the "war
work" and special work resulting from the war,
carried on by the different Departments of the govern-
ment service. It was, however, found impossible to
carry out this plan completely, — and for a variety of
reasons.

One of the jjrincipal among these was that the under-
taking was too big. Perhaps there is not a branch
(there certainly is not a Department) of the whole
Civil Service of Canada that has not been affected in
some way by the war. To follow out all the ramifi-
cations of these effects would require much more space
than this l)ook provides and would involve technical
explanations of the organization and methods of various
Departments that, from their volume of detail, would
only weary and confuse the reader.

Then, in some Departments, to use a newspaper
expression, "the lid is on." Not only is it on, but some
official very weighty, in power if not in avoirdupois, is
sitting upon it, — and it fits air-tight. There are
usually good reasons, — war-time reasons, — for this
kind of thing and with them the editors have no cjuarrel.
Many departments are doing work of such delicate
and confidential character that it would be most un-
patriotic to discuss or even mention it just now. So
there is given, in the succeeding pages, sketches of the
"war" and special work of only such departments as
concerning which information was available and
could be used without indiscretion. Others might
have been referred to at greater or less length. When
the war is over The Civili.a.n may tell the storj' in
greater detail.

The staffs of the House of Commons and Senate
are not separately dealt with. They have had some
very special problems arising out of "war" sessions and
"war" legislation of Parliament. A member of the
Senate staff, Lieutenant-Colonel E. J. Chambers, is
filling, most .successfully, the very important and
difficult position of Chief Press Censor.

The I^epartment of Justice as legal advi.ser to the
(lovernment and all its branches, has been called upon
to decide many delicate points of law arising out of
special measures adopted by Parliament or involved in
Orders-in-Council, or the work of the Departments of
State, Militia and Defence or Naval Service. In fact,
every other Department is constantly r(!ferring knotty
problems to the Department of Justice.

Then the Department of Labour has been dealing
with some difficult economic phenomena. All pre-
war .standards of employment and costs of living were
shattered in August, 1914. This Department, by its
Ottawa staff and its corps of correspondents all over
the Dominion, has kept in constant touch with all
developments in the lines of wages and prices. Weekly
reports have been the rule instead of monthly returns

and the result is a collection of invaluable statistics.
The period of unparalleled prosperity in labour circles
which commenced in 1915 and still continues may be
followed by a severe reaction when the war ends and
then the Department of Labour will be called upon to.
handle difficulties more serious than any that the
actual war-period has produced. Very lately it was
charged with new and serious responsibilities in con-
nection with price regulations.

Public Works is another department that has had,
on the whole, less work than usual during the war. It
has, nevertheless, had its "war" work, for it has a
branch that deals with military buikhngs. Every
military centre in Canada has required enormously
increased accommodation for troops and stores and in
Ottawa scores of buildings arc in use for such purposes.
So this branch of Public Works has been busy.

Railwaj's and Canals had done its "bit," too.
The taking over of the eastern section of the National
Transcontinental, to be managed along with the Inter-
colonial, Prince Edward Island and other Government
lines, made this D(>partment one of the great railway
operating in.stitutions of America. The Government
roads have had great responsibilities in the transpor-
tation of hundreds of thousands of troops and tens of
thousands of tons of military stores, while an incident
of ordinary traffic has been the collection of war taxes
on tickets. In this respect the Department might be
classed with ('ustoms and Inland Revenue as an agency
for raising war funds. Government railways have
carried, free of charge, great quantities of goods for
Belgian Relief and similar philanthropic ]mrposes.

The Department of Insurance has had to carry out
some duties arising from the war that arc of great im-
portance to the whole country. The more difficult
conditions under which the various insurance com-
panies operating under government supervision have
been compelled to work have necessitated more
frequent and prolonged examination of their affairs
by the Department. When the war broke out the
Department was under-manned, yet it has carried on
much extra work without any increase of staff. Every
person in C'anada who has a life or fire insurance
l)olicy, — or, in fact, insurance of any sort, — is indebted
to the Department of Insurance for safeguarding his
interests.

The Government Printing Bureau has had its
rushes of special work in printing subscription forms,
certificates and other matter for the domestic War
Loans, in printing volumes of official documents con-
nected with the war and in handling the increase in
number and size of the issues of the Canada Gazette.

The Civil Service Commission has prepared special
regulations for the admission of returned soldiers to the
Civil Service on favoured conditions and for the employ-
ment of special temporary clerks during the war.

Two Years of War

HON. ALBERT EDWARD KEMP
Minister of Militia and Depenck

As Viewed From Ottawa

The Patents, Trade Marks and Copyrights branches
of the Department of Agriculture have liad special
work to do in connection with patent and other rights
owned by subjects of enemy countries.

And so the list might be extended. The reader
must not assume that because a department is not
specially dealt with that it has done nothing out of its
ordinary routine or felt no effects of the general stress
of the war upon the Civil Service.

It must also be kept constantly in mind that every
department has been handicapped by the enlistment of
its men in the ExpecUtionary Forces. Logically, the
department called upon to render extraordinary service
should have its staff at a high state of organization and
efficiency. In no instance was this the case. Every
department has sent men to the front. In many cases
the staffs have remained under strength and in cases
where the normal numerical strength was maintained
or exceeded there was inevitable loss of capacity, for
the newly appointed clerks have been women or un-
trained men, while those Avho joined the army were all
men and nearly always men of length of service and
adaption to their special duties which made their
^absence more severely felt.

That so much routine work has been done as usual
md an incalculable volume of special work carried out
in spite of all these handicaps is surely a great testi-
mony to the capability and devotion to duty of the
men and women who have carried on the civil govern-
ment work of the country during the first two years of
the war.

The Department of Militia and Defence

OF all the departments of the Government affected
by the war, it is abundantly evident that none
would be so vitally concerned as that of Militia
and Defence ; but insamuch as these articles have to do
only with the civil administration, as distinct from the
military, it might appear at first thought that any refer-
ence to the "War Office" and its work would be ex-
traneous to the matter on hand. This is, however, a
popular error; a very large proportion of the work of the
Department of Militia and Defence comes properly
under the classification of civil government.

CIVILIAN OFFICIALS

The new Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence
is a civilian, as is also David Lloyd George, who has
just resigned the portfolio of the British War Office.
Then too, the Canadian Deputy Minister, though a
Surgeon-General and a D.S.O., has a civil position.
So have the Assistant Deputy Minister, who is also
Secretary of the Militia Council, the Secretary of the
Department, the chief clerk of the Adjutant General's
Branch, the Inspector of Artillery, the Director of
Contracts, and a score of the other chief officials,
including the_ Accountant and Paymaster General.

CIVILIAN STAFFS

In time of peace by far the greater part of the work
of the Department is carried on by its civil staff, the

Canadian Army Pay Corps, Corps of Military Staff
Clerks and other permanent military-clerical units being
small in numerical strength, proportionate to Canada's
small permanent military estaljlishment. When the war
broke out the strength of the various staff corps was
necessarily increased but it was upon the civil staff
that the great burden of departmental work fell and it
was the civil staff that had to be expanded, in organ-
ization and personnel, to cope with the amazing ex-
pansion of Canada's army.

To-day, if one is permitted to visit the numerous
buildings in Ottawa in which branches of the Depart-
ment are located, the doors will be found to be in
charge of men in uniform, but inside it is civilian chiefs
and civilian subordinates, civilian accountants, clerks,
draughtsmen, stenographers, inspectors and others of
a score or more of ratings who are carrying on the
enormous and ever-increasing work of looking after
the aft'airs of nearly four hundred thousand men and
women distributed between Esquimault and Egj'pt
who are constantly enlisting and being discharged,
moving from place to place, changing in rank and unit,
being wounded or discharge from hosi^itals, transferring
to the British army, coming home on leave and doing a
hundred other things that must be recorded and their
effect on pay, allowances, transportation, clothing,
sustenance and other accounts duly carried out.
And not least in its importance to the public is the duty
of notifying the next of kin of every casualty and of
making inquiries and investigations at the request of
those whose loved ones have been carried to hospitals
or laid to sleep on the field of battle.

MANY BRANCHES

As a working machine the Department of Militia
and Defence is a wonderful thing to contemplate, and
its responsibilities are appalling in their magnitude.
Not only do four hundred thousand men dejiend upon
it for everj'thing necessary to make them an efficient
fighting machine but tens of thousands of wives and
children, widows, orphans and dependent parents rely
upon its efficiency to provide them, at the proper
intervals, with their means of life. While obviously
much of the work of the Department is military, pure
and simple, the essentiallj^ civil branches are chiefly
the Accounting Branch, the Casualties Branch, the
Separation Allowance and Assigned Pay Branches, the
Pensions Branch, the Registration of Correspondence,
the Printing, Stationery and Contingencies Branch ami
the Contracts Branch. In the early Summer of 1914
none of these were of any unusual importance nor
different in any sense or degree from similar branches
in other departments, and several of them did not
even exist. But the outbreak of the war changed all
this. The existing branches found themselves sudden-
ly confronted with an overwhelming increase of work
and the need quickly developed for the creation of
others for which previously no need existed.

ACCOUNTANT'S BRANCH

For example, in the three sub-divisions of the
Accountant's Branch which were in operation on
August 1st, 1914, there was a clerical staff of thirty-
five, on September 30th this had increased to 175,

Two Years of War

LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THE HON. SIR SAM HUGHES, K.C.B.
Minister of Militia and Defence Duhino the Fibst Two Yeaks of the War

As Viewed From Ottawa

while tho Separation Allowance, Assigned Pay and
Pension Divisions, non-existent in August, 1914, have
a staff of between 800 and 400. The number of letters
from this branch is approximately 30,000 a week, and
the staff is handling an expenditure approaching
$200,000,000 annually. It is scarcely necessary to
point out that these figures are entirely apart from the
work of the many regimental pay masters scattered
throughout the forces in Canada, England and the
continent of Europe, — their work is under the military
administration.

THE CENTRAL REGISTRY

Another branch which has expanded several hundred
per cent, is the Central Registry, where all correspond-
ence is received, properly classified, indexed and dis-
tributed and where the tens of thousands of files re-
cording the daily work of the Department are handled
and preserved. Previous to the war this branch had a
permanent staff of twenty-two. These permanent
clerks have had to assume heavy responsibilities, far
exceeding the requirements of the Civil Service classi-
fication, in order to train and supervise the work of the
incoming temporary clerks, who have reached the
large number of 187. It will be readily understood
how faithfully the permanent clerks have worked
without any recognition whatever of their services, as
there has not been a prbmotion made in this branch
since the beginning of the war, neither have they re-
ceived any additional remuneration for the long extra
hours, although the office has been kept open, regard-
less of Sundays and other holidays, from 8 a.m. to
6 a.m. During the other two hours of each twenty-
four the offices are in possession of the charwomen.
Moreover, the senior staff of the Central Registry is
frequently required to assist in outside registries, where
trouble may have arisen, or where new registries have
to be established and for several months members of
the permanent staff have also been in London, England,
co-operating in the work there.

No better idea can be given of the increase of work
directly resulting from the outbreak of hostilities than
by comparing ante-bellum figures with those of the
past few months. The number of pieces of incoming
correspondence, for example, received, indexed, re-
corded and distributed to the proper branches in the
three months ending October 31st last was 323,65.5, or
about 3,600 a day, .seven days a week. For the cor-
responding three months of 1913 the figures were
34,380, slightly more than one-tenth of the present
total, making an increa.se of about a thousand per cent.
So, too, have the files passing through this Branch in-
irea.sed from 45,000 in the October quarter of 1913 to
314,000 in the last three months. The number of
requisitions for files increased from 11, .500 to 58,500
and the number of new files opened from less than 1,500
to nearly 40,000, an increase of almost 2,500 per cent.
In .spite of this sudden and tremendous increase every-
thing moves smoothly and adequately under the ex-
perienced eye find indefatigable energy of Mr. H. W. P.
Chesley, the chief of the division.

PRINTING AND CONTINGENCIES

The Printing, Stationery and Contingencies Branch,
(Mr. E. E. Lemieux, chief clerk) had a staff of

thirty-one in August, 1914, — to-day there are one
hunclred and thirty to one hundred and forty working
literally night and day. The work is constantly in-
creasing as each new unit is organized and has to be
furnished with full equipment of stationery and sup-
plies, and when consideration is given to the innumer-
able variety of forms necessary to the proper adminis-
tration of so complex an organization it will be realized
what the work of preparing, printing and distributing
this vast and varied mass of material must amount to.

CASUALTIES

Where all have done and are increasingly doing so
admirably well, comparisons would be invidious and it
is not desired to make any, but the remark may be per-
mitted that no better example of departmental re-
sourcefulness and efficient development can be found in
the Canadian Service nor possibly anywhere in the
Empire than that presented by the Casualty Branch,
under Mr. Frank Beard, an organization which, ab-
solutely non-existent two and a half years ago, now
employs nearly seven hundred clerks, more than the
entire staff of the majority of the departments, and
with the exception of the Chief, not one with any
previous knowledge or experience when he, or she. took
up the work.

During practically all the hours of the twenty-four,
and all the days of the three tumdrcd and sixty-five,
relays of these seven hundred are carefully compiling
the real story of Canada's part in the Great War.

BREAKING THE NEWS

Owing to the importance of the information this
bureau has at its disposal, the utmost care and accur-
acy must always be exercised, and the absence of cor-
rections of the casualty reports speaks volumes for the
care displayed by these devoted officials. They know
that mistakes bring unnecessary grief to the relatives
of Canadian soldiers. They have also been trained to
the necessity of breaking the news gently to the next
of kin. The feelings of the relatives of the dead
heroes therefore have the first consideration when
casualties are being handled by the staff. In almost
every instance the cablegrams reporting casualties
reach the Record Office after 6 p.m. Every effort is
made to send out all notices the same evening, but all
telegraph companies have been instructed that no
telegram reporting a casualty is to be delivered to a
bereaved home after 9 p.m., and that no charge what-
ever is to be made for delivery of the message. So far
as possible no information relating to a casualty is
communicated to the public press until the next of kin
has received notification of same, or every source of
information regarding the whereabouts of the next of
kin has been exhausted.

The Casualty Division deals with the decoding of
cablegrams, reporting casualties, and notifying the
next of kin. Each cable is received in cipher, and
before the information is forwarded to the relatives
it is checked over twice. A lecord is kept of each tele-
gram when it leaves the Department, showing the name
and address of the person to whom it is sent, and the
name of the officer or man who has been killed or
wounded, etc. When the telegraph company reports

Two Years of War

that the message has been deUvered, it is entered on
other lists which are prepared for the Premier, the
Ministers, several members of Parliament, and the

q^^itt^L«m^^

SURGEON-GENERAL EUGENE FISET
Deputy Minister of Militia and Defence

press. These lists, before being issued, are also checked
over very carefully. All information pertaining to a
casualty is placed on a card and filed alphabetically
the same night, so that the latest information is ready
for the enquirer at any time.

In addition to the casualties reported by cable,
daily lists are received by post furnishing information
regarding men in hospitals. This is communicated by
letter to the next of kin in all cases where the casualty
was reported by cable in the first instance. This is
done to reUeve so far as possible the anxiety of relatives
and friends, by keeping them posted as to how each
man is progressing and when he is well enough to be
discharged from hospital.

OTHER RECORDS

But the handling of casualties is only one of the
fifteen sub-divisions controlled by Mr. Beard in the
Record Office. When a man enlists in any part of the
Dominion he has to make out an attestation paper
giving complete details of himself. This is forwarded
to Ottawa, where the information is transferred to an
index card for use when required. About two hundred
of these are filed each day.

The filing of special index cards and the answering
of enquiries also take up a large share of the work and
time of the office. At the present time over 350,000
index cards have been written and filed in alphabetical
order.

Then track must be kept of all promotions and
transfers. This is an almost herculean task, consider-
ing, the, fact that the majority of the battalions are
broken up when they get overseas, and the men ab-
sorbed into different units. There are, too, many
hundreds, nay, thousands of promotions, reversions,
etc., and these all have to be accurately recorded.

The writing of nominal rolls also requires a great
deal of care and research. These rolls enable an officer
and soldier whose name appears on the casualty list to
be readily identified, and serve the press and public
as a means of ascertaining to what unit an officer or
soldier belonged when he left Canada.

RETURNING HEROES

The records of men discharged from duty and re-
turned to Canada are also tabulated and filed. Over
100,000 discharge documents are now in the pigeon-
holes of the Record Office. The importance of this sec-
tion is judged by the fact that this information governs
pensions for soldiers, because information is given as to
men who have returned to Canada for medical treat-
ment prior to discharge. Upon this section the Canad-
ian Patriotic Fund Association depends for its informa-
tion as to whether men are serving or are not with the
colors, and the Fund's payments to dependents are
continued or suspended accordingly.

Preparations also have to be made for the reception
of men returned home for hospital treatment, and this
department must notify all the medical staff officers in
the Dominion as to what men are going to be placed on
their hands during each period. Also the next of kin
are notified as to the date on which their relatives are
going to arrive home, so that they can be on hand to
meet them. This work requires considerable cable
work and classification.

As the numberof men enlisted increases, as well as
the number of casualties, so does the work of this sec-
tion increase correspondingly. At the pi-esent time the
average number of telegrams and letters sent out daily
is over 1,000. This work is done in the correspond-
ence section, as is also the work involved in handfing
what are known as the "war service messages." Tele-
grams are received in which enquiry is made as to the
condition of officers and men whose names have ap-
peared on the casualty lists. On receipt of each, if no
very recent information is on record, a cable is sent to
England asking for particulars, and replies, when re-
ceived, are communicated to the relative or enquirer.
Messages of this nature average fifty per day.

As Viewed From Ottawa

THE LAST HOPE

The Record Office deals with cases of all men who
liave been missing for a period of six months or over,
whose next of kin resides on this continent. In each
«ase an enquiry is addressed to the next of kin asking if
any information has been received from any source
which would lead to the belief that the soldier is still
alive. Communications arc also addressed to all
sources of information in Britain and France, and if
information is not obtainable to show that the man is
alive, he is officiallj' presumed dead, and a certificate is
issued accordingly. No man is ever officiallj' reported
dead until all sources of information are exhausted, and
the parents of boys reported under this heading have
unfortunately never had occasion to doubt the veracity
of the Department. The insurance companies also
look very largely to this section for their information.

Yet another section makes investigation into the
condition of Canadian prisoners of war, and this in-
formation is forwarded to the different societies which
exist to look after the men's welfare. In short, there
is nothing, do-sTi to the smallest detail, in connection
with Canada's forces which can be recorded that is
overlooked by the Casualties Records office.

CONTRACTS

Another division which has beeii practically re-
created by the war i.s the Contracts Branch. Since
May of last year, when the War Purchasing Commis-
sion took charge of the buying operations the work has
been done under its direction and here again the staff
has been doubled up many times over. Many thou-
sands of contracts have been awarded to a total value of
probably not less than two hundred million dollars.
These were for our Canadian forc(>s, and in addition
many millions of dollars have been expended under in-
struction of the Imperial and Allied governments. It
is difficult for the lay mind to realize and appreciate the
vast variety and enormous quantities of the supplies
purchased through this branch. Nearly 400,000
troops of all arms have been enlisted. These have been
equipped, housed and fed for more than two years,
and two thirds of them transported from every corner of
Canada to shipboard and overseas, and much of this
stupendous task has been organized and carried out by
the civil staff of the Department. Truly a work of
staggering proportions, and how efficiently carried
through only the future historians of Canada's part
in the Great War will be in a position to adequ.itely
record.

Department of the Naval Service

THE role played by the Department of the Naval
S(>rvice in the Great War is a proud one for
Canada. By virtue of its organization and
g(!neral preparations made before the outbreak of
hostilities, (Canada has been enabled to coJiperate
with Great Britain in the important work of maintain-
ing her glorious supremacy of the seas, which gigantic
task is universally recognized as the mo.st important
factor in the war. The fact, therefore, of affording
the medium of rendering an assistance in a work so

great places this department in a leading position
among the Government departments in their relation
to the war, and makes the work performed by the
Department of paramount importance.

The work itself being wholly concerned with war
operations, it is not possible in the present account of
the activities of the Department to make known facts
of a confidential nature, or which for military reasons
must he guarded until after peace is declared. It will,
therefore, be understood that the facts herein set forth
are to a considerable extent already known, though per-
haps they have never before been compiled in such form
as to give the public any comprehensive idea of the
responsibilities and accomplishments of the Depart-
ment which is second only to that of Militia and De-
fence in the volume of its "War Work."

ALL WAS READY

Preparations having previously been made to meet
all contingencies which could be foreseen, it was only
necessary to carry out or expand these preparations
when war appeared imminent.

At that time the "Rainbow" had been commis-
sioned for patrol duty in the Behring Sea, and was
therefore ready for immediate service, whilst the
"Niobe" was laid up at Halifax with a care-and-main-
tenance crew on board, which ensured her being kept
in such a condition as would enable her to be placed in
commission at short notice. On the declaration of
war the "Niobe" and the "Rainbow" and the officers
and men serving in them were placed at the disposal
of the Admiralty.

Arrangements were immediately made to com-
mission the "Niobe" and to complete her complement
to sea-going requirements. This was done partly by
the transfer across the continent of the Imperial officers
and men of the sloops "Algerine" and "Shearwater,"
which, owing to their small fighting value, had been
ordered by the Admiralty to pay off at Esquimalt,
antl partly by the inclusion of a hundred Newfoundland
Naval Reserve men; the remainder of the crew being
recruited from men who had served in the British Navy
and were resident in the Dominion. A large number of
these volunteered their services and as many as neces-
sary were entered for service during the period of the
war.

As soon as she was ready the "Niobe" joined the
squadron of the Commander-in-Chief of the North At-
lantic and West Indies Station, in which she did duty
for more than a year, when, owing to the very con-
siderable amount of almost continuous steaming she
had done since the outbreak of war (about 30,000
nautical miles), it was considered that the general
state of her machinery and boilers did not warrant her
continuance on this duty. Owing to this fact, and to
the urgent necessity of a depot ship to be used to ac-
commodate the numerous drafts of men passing
through Halifax, and of a parent ship for the vessels
employed on patrol work, etc., on the At-
lantic coast it was decided to pay her off and recom-
mission her for the purposes indicated. Since that
date she has been found very suitable for her new
functions and has proved of great utility both in con-
nection with the Canadian and Imperial services.

Two Years of War

HON. JOHN DOUGLAS HAZEN, B.A., B.C.L.
Minister op Marine and Fisheries and of the Naval Service

As Viewed From Ottawa

The "Rainbow" was despatched south from
Esquimalt to guard the trade routes and protect the
sloops "Algerine" and "Shearwater" which were pro-

GEORGE JOSEPH DESBARATS
DEruTY Minister of the Naval Servick

reeding north. These two vessels arrived safely at
Esquimalt and since that time the "Rainbow" has been
continuously employed in the protection of trade and
other duties in the North Pacific, and on the coast of
British C'olumbia, being under the orders of the Im-
perial Senior Naval Officer on that station.

SUBMARINES

The Dominion Government on the outbreak of
war purchased two submarines which were building at
Seattle for the (Chilean Government. The crews were
recruited from officers and men in the Dominion, the
government being fortunate in this respect in obtaining
the services of two retired officers of the Roj-al Navy

who had had previous experience in submarines.
These vessels also were placed at the disposal of the
Admiralty.

Permission was obtained from the Admiralty
to use the "Shearwater" as a depot ship for the sub-
marines. These three vessels have all l)een actively
employed in the defence of the British Columbian
coast.

COAST DEFENCE

A large number of other vessels, both govern-
mental and private, have been utilized in connection
with the defence of the coasts, on such duties as exam-
ination service, mine sweeping, patrol and other neces-
sary work.

DEPOTS

Naval depots were established at Halifax and
Esquimalt for the accommodation of supernumerary
ratings, etc., the "Niobe" being used for this purpose
at Halifax since September, 191.5, when, owing to the
increase in the number and size of drafts and other
conditions, the buildings in the dock^ ard being adapted
and utilized prior to that date being no longer suitable,
it became necessary to make other arrangements;
whilst at Esquimalt the depot was u.sed for the training
of officers and men of the Royal Naval Canadian
Volunteer Reserve.

SENT TO RUSSIA

The icebreaker "Earl Grey," on her sale to the
Russian Government, was transferred to this depart-
ment to be sent to Archangel. A crew of naval ratings
was provided and the vessel was successfully navigated
to her destination, the voyage of 3,000 miles being
completed in fourteen days, constituting a note-
worthy and memoral)le event in maritime annals.
On arrival at Archangel the "Earl Grey" was turned
over to the Russian authorities, the crew returning by
ordinary steamer.

RECRUITING

Recruiting has been actively carried on to com-
plete the "Niobe's" complement and to obtain the
requisite crews for the other vessels employed on sub-
sidiary duties, preference being given to men with
previous naval experience.

The Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve force,
which was established just previous to the outbreak of
war, developed largel.v in the West, where some four
hundred officers and men are enrolled.

These volunteers have done good service both
ashore and afloat, a considerable number having served
continuously in the "Rainbow" since the outbreak of
hostilities, whilst others are in H.M.S. "Newcastle"
and various vessels at Esquimalt, including the sub-
marines and their parent ship the "Shearwater "

Their training is being continuously carried on.

The Department has acted as recruiting agent for
the Admiralty. A large number of Imjjerial Service
officers and men have been reached and arrangements
made for their transportation from all parts of the
Dominion to England.

Last year, the Admiralty retjuested the depart-
ment to select a considerable number of men to be

Two Years of War

trained as pilots for the Royal Naval Air Service.
This involved a very considerable amount of work and
correspondence, many hundreds of applications for
entry being received from all over the Dominion.
These had to be gone into individually, and arrange-
ments made for interviewing and medically examining
likely applicants. The number called for by the
Admiralty was twice increased, but the full quota was
obtained and nearly all have now obtained their flying
certificates and been sent to England.

The Department was also requested by the Ad-
miralty to ascertain what men could be entered for the
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (Motor Boat) Patrol
Service. Several hundred applications were received
and classified, from which selections have been made
by Admiralty officers.

A recruiting campaign was inaugurated in the
Autumn of 1916 for the purpose of enlisting five
thousand men in the Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer
Reserve, Overseas Division. These men will be sent
to England to complete their training, when they will
be drafted to Imperial ships In this the department
has undertaken a work of considerable importance
wliich will be of very material assistance to Britain
and her allies.

HARBOUR DEFENCE

All details connected with naval defence at de-
fended ports are undertaken by this department.
At certain ports in Canada an examination service
was instituted before the outbreak of war and has been
uninterruptedly continued. This is for the purpose of
insuring that no vessel with hostile intent shall enter
the harbour, and also to faciliate the ordinary flow of
commercial ships. To this end every vessel entering
the harbour is boarded outside the port and her papers,
crew, etc., examined. If satisfactory, she is allowed to
proceed ; otherwise, she is detained for further examina-
tion.

NAVAL COLLEGE

The success of cadets of the Royal Naval College
at Halifax, now serving in the Royal Navy is note-
worthy. In all some thirty graduates of the College
are serving, or have served, in the Royal Navy in the
several branches of the service and in varying capacities.
Four midshipmen were unfortunately lost in H.M.S.
"Good Hope" when that vessel was sunk in action.

The purchase and maintenance of stores and sup-
plies constitute an important part of the work of Ihis
department in war-time. In one twelve-month pur-
chases aggregated about two and a half millions of
dollars, this amount includnig the cost of great quan-
tities of bunker coal. Very large stores of supplies of
all sorts are necessarily carried, the combined values
sometimes exceeding S800,000.

SUPPLIES TO IMPERIAL AND ALLIED SHIPS

Offers were made to the Admiralty by cable to
supply H.M. Ships on Canadian stations with all pro-
visions, clothing, and such naval stores as are readily
obtainable in Canada. These were accepted insofar
as provisions and clothing are concerned and partly as
regards naval stores, and stocks are maintained

at both Halifax and Esquimalt dockyards to be drawn
on as required.

Ships of Allied Powers caUing at Canadian dock-
yards have been given all assistance possible, involving
the issue of considerable quantities of stores and the
effecting of more or less expensive repairs.

FUEL AND OIL FOR THE FLEET

At the outbreak of war Imperial and Canadian
stocks of Welsh steam coal at both dockyards were
low. The purchase of five cargoes of suitable steam
coal (one on the Atlantic and four on the Pacific) was
made to provide for the requirements of the fleet till
supplies from Admiralty sources were again available.

Coaling operations on both coasts have been ex-
tensive and have necessitated special arrangements for
extra accommodation and facilities. Supplies of oil
fuel and lubricating oil have also been provided.

CHARTER OF SHIPS

The charter of vessels required for examination
service, coast patrol work, minesweeping and other
services have been arranged in accordance with the
requirements of the service.

In all more than forty vessels have been chartered
from time to time as required.

IMPERIAL STORES

The Naval Store Officers at both dockyards have
arranged on behalf of the Admiralty for the receipt,
custody, and issue as required of large quantities of
supplies of all kinds for the Imperial ships on the
Atlantic and Pacific stations.

TRANSPORTATION

The transportation of large quantities of stores
from United States and Canadian sources to England
has been arranged.

Shortly after the outbreak of war, owing to the
necessity of utilizing all available tomiage and to cope
with the traffic, this department undertook to supply
the empty Admiralty colliers with cargoes for European
ports. This scheme gradually developed into the
present organization under which this department, in
conjunction with the Director of Overseas Transport,
is enabled to ship thousands of tons of material daily
from all ports of Canada to the allied nations. The
sailings of this service average more than one a day.
By the co-operation of the different railway companies
throughout Canada the service has gradually improved
until no difficulty or congestion of traffic is experienced,
the immense quantities of freight being directed to one
or another Canadian port for shipment to British or
Allied destinations.

All ships are fine modern vessels of suitable capa-
city for the Canadian trade, and are allocated by the
Admiralty for this service as necessary.

Control of the traffic inland, by rail and otherwise,
its reception and storage at the shipping ports, the
allocation of cargo to the different ships, and stowage
on board of the various materials so as to provide for
the maximum use of the tonnage comes under the
jurisdiction of this department.

As Viewed From Ottawa

The movement and control of the ships are under
the direction of the Department, who act for the Im-
perial Government, and who are the medium of com-
munication with them on all matters relating to the
service.

In addition to the ordinary work of the service,
more than forty cargoes of timber have been exported
from Pacific and Atlantic coast ports. These aggre-
gate upwards of 125,000,000 feet b.m. in the fiscal
year 1916 alone, and the service was a great relief to
the embarrassed Canadian lumber trade.

Advantageous arrangements have been made for
the supply of bunker coal to transports at Sydney,
C.B., so as to avoid delays in Europe owing to con-
gestion of ports there. This department works in
conjunction with the Admiralty as regards the move-
ment,.of these ships, their sailing orders and cargoes —
the organization of the latter being specially entrusted
to the Director of Overseas Transport. Full details of
the cargo are cabled to the Admiralty, as well as the date
of sailing, port of discharge and probable date of arrival,
in the case of each transport so that the necessary
arrangements may be made in advance for speedy
dispatch on arrival and distribution of cargo.

This concentration of the export of supplies has
undoubtedly facilitated the movement of stores from
this country and ,has also resulted in economies of
labour, value and also of ocean tonnage which is a
matter of the greatest importance under present cir-
cumstances.

Expenditures on account of the Overseas Trans-
port Service exceeded $1,600,000 in the last fiscal year.

RADIOTELEGRAPHS

During the past year the work of the Radiotele-
graph Branch has been carried out in an efficient
manner: 142 stations composed of government com-
mercial and coast stations; government ship and license
ship stations; public and private commercial stations;
training schools and licensed experimental stations,
have been operated throughout the Dominion. At
the commencement of the war all amateur stations in
Canada were closed down.

Several stations on the east coast formerly operated
liy the Marconi Company, have been taken over and are
now operated by the Department of the Naval Serivce.

The amount of business handled by stations
shows a decrease over last year, directly attributable to
the war and the placing of these stations on a war
ba.sis.

The department requires that all those entering
the Radiotelegraph Service as operators pass a pro-
ficiency examination to determine their qualifications
prior to acceptance. During the past fiscal year one
hundred and seven operators were examined at differ-
ent points, throughout Canada; out of this number
fifty-two were successful.

On account of the confidential nature of the mes-
sages passing through the hands of radiotelegraph
operators, and the secret instructions with which they
must be entrusted during the present time, it was
considered advisable to enlist in the Royal Naval
C'anadian Volunteer Reserve all the wireless operators
in the employ of the department; for this purpose the

rank of wireless operator was instituted, and regula-
tions were drawn up to meet the requirements in this
connection. The operators have now been enlisted
in the R.N.C.V.R.

In addition to its regular work the Radiotelegraph
Service has on many occasions been instrumental in
obtaining assistance for vessels in distress and in com-
municating instructions from their owners.

The department, in addition to the above-men-
tioned work, has equipped all munitions transports
running between Canada and Great Britain with
radiotelegraph apparatus and has supplied operators
and supervised the operation of the stations in con-
nection therewith. This work is being carried out on
behalf of the British Admiralty.

The total number of peisons employed in the
Radiotelegraph Service during the past fiscal j'ear was
four hundred and four.

The branch has carried out in addition to the
above a great amount of work of a confidential charac-
ter in connection with the war. It is not advisable at
the present time to give particulars of this work.

STORIES NOT TOLD

In discussing the war work of the Department of
the Naval Service the best stories are those which
cannot be told. The foregoing sketch of the Depart-
ment's manifold activities may lack cohesion in plan
largely because many interesting features had to be
eliminated. When the war is over and such mysteries
as why Von Kluck turned away from Paris and what
became of the "Bremen" are explained, the Canadian
Department of the Naval Service may release a few of
its own little secrets that will make very spicy reading.
Meantime the reader must be content with this in-
complete description of what the Department is doing
on land and sea to bring the great struggle to a tri-
umphant conclusion for Britain and her allies.

Department of Marine and Fisheries

'"jP'HE work of this department has been materially
I affected by the war. There has been curtail-
ment in construction work owing to the de-
sire of the Government to reduce the general expendi-
ture, but its activities and responsibilities in certain
other respects have been increased. Many enlist-
ments from the staff have had the effect of increasing
the work^of those remaining, as vacancies in many
instances were not filled.

The additional strain on the ships of the Depart-
ment in the various agencies entailed considerable
work both at headquarters as well as in the agencies.
In the early stages of the war, the work of the agencies
at Quebec, Halifax and Esquimault was very materially
increased owing to the demands for examination service
and transportation of troops to the local outposts, etc.,
etc., while the dismantling of the wireless stations, as a
precautionary measure, added to the work of the
Department, especially in Quebec. The increased
use made by the ships of His Majesty's Service of the
dockyard at Halifax necessitated the removal of the
offices and works of the agency from that place to

Two Years of War

HON. SIR WILLIAM THOMAS WHITE, K.C.M.G., B.A.

Minister of Finance

As Viewed From Ottawa

premises owned by the Department at Dartmouth on
the other side of the harbour, at short notice, and the
transfcr.of our ice-l)reakcrs to the Russian Government,
though cheerfully done, was at considerable incon-
venience to the Department and to some extent to the
public.

In so far as this department governs shipping, the
war has entailed considerable work. This has been
taken care of, however, without any additions to the
staff.

A very important branch of the work is to keep a
close guard on the transfer of all vessels from Canadian
to foreign register, and to obtain satisfactory guarantee
oi the bona fides of both parties and l)on(ls as security
against such transferred ships being engaged in enemy
trade during the period of the war. Such work entails
very extensive researches and enquiries.

A licensing committee, presided over by the
Deputy Minister of the Marine Department as chair-
man, was instituted by Order-in-Council and, amongst
other things, arranged that Canadian steamers of over
five hundred tons register should not engage in coast-
wise trade except when provided with a license from
the C^ommittee, following the policy of the British
Board of Trade.

Department of Finance

THAT greatest of modern phrase-makers, Mr.
Lloyd George, the man who has the power to
picture in a word a whole movement of pub-
lic thought or action has told us that "silver bullets"
are needed in the present struggle and that victory
will rest with that side which has "the last hundred
millions" still unexpended. This but repeats the old
expression "sinews of war" as meaning money.

Equal in importance with the military service
itself in this crisis is that department of public affairs
which provide the means necessary to pay the almost
unthinkable bills that are rolling up against the people
of Canada at this time. Public men voicing the
country's deepest sentiment have declared over and
over again that our last man and our last dollar are at
the service of the Empire in any such cause as that
which now arises. How to husband the financial re-
sources of the country and to apply them most effect-
ively in the work for humanity and civilization now
going forward is, perhaps, the greatest problem that
has ever commanded the attention of leading intellects
in Canada.

It goes without saying that this responsibility,
this very exacting yet glorious duty, rests primarily
with the Minister of Finance. And, that being so, it
needs as little explanation to demonstrate that the
public servants connected with the Department of
Finance have lived laborious days and nights since the
war was declared.

Let the reader imagine him.self connected with a
business which, at a word and without warning, is
called upon to increase its operations to three times
what they were. Let him imagine that the same ne-
cessity that causes the speeding-up of business also
closes channels of trade which had been used ever since
the establishment of the business and which everybody

assumed would remain open forever. Such was the
fiscal situation created for Canada by the war. In-
stead of spending a himdred and fifty millions a year
we were called upon to spend five hundred millions a
year, the greater j>art of it in ways up to that time un-
kno^via. At the same time the I3ritish money market
which had been freely open to us, was closed by the
impregnable gates of war.

This meant that new sources had to be tapped to
provide such additional current revenue as could be
gained, and also new fields for loans had to be exploited
to raise the vast sums immediately and imperatively
demanded. The work was one of enormous magnitude
and almost incredible difficulty.

Yet has any person in Canada ever suggested that
the Finance Department has failed in even so much as
the mailing of a letter? Somebody has said that the
truly well man does not know he has a stomach. So
the truly well-off country does not know that it has a
financial sj'stem.

The present writing has nothing to do with the
policy of the Minister of Finance or of the government
of which he is a member. Experts, real and pretended,
may have their own reasons for supporting or opposing
that policy. But, whatever course the government
had taken, there would have been about the same
difficulties so far as those who operate the machinery
of the Department are concerned. Whether loans had
been raised in Canada or in China, whether revenues
had been increased by taxing profits or by taxing polls,
there would have been an immense business of detail
to carry on, and every bit of it, — seeing that it means
the handling of money every last cent of which has to
be accounted for, — requiring the greatest care for the
avoidance of mistakes and misunderstandings.

Let the reader suppose, for instance, that he is
about to borrow from the Canadian public the sum of
two hundred million dollais, as the Minister of Finance
has actually done. Assume that the people stand ready
to lend the money. Yet how is the transfer of the vast
multitude of small sums and large sums to be actually
made so that he, as borrower, may draw cheques against
the account? To instruct agents how to proceed, to
advise the public of the terms of the loan, to receive,
record and bank each sum sent in, to provide every-
bod}' with a receipt for his money and ultimately to
place the bonds purchased in the hands of each pur-
chaser, and through it all to answer wisely and tact-
fully all the letters of inquiry, criticism, expostulation
and advice coming from people everywhere, many of
them very nervous about i>arting with hard-earned
savings, — this is a work which when well performed,
surely calls for thanks and commendation.

And this is only a sample. While the Finance
Department provides money for the works of war and
peace which the country as a whole is carrying on, it
must also keep in smooth and easy motion the wheels
of trade. The country's financial system is a tre-
mendous assemblement of social enquiry, and the very
balance wheel of it all is the Department of Finance.
The war, is to a large extent a matter of trade. Enor-
mous sums change hands in the purchase of munitions
and supplies for the army, and this money is driven at
high speed through the channels of commerce like
blood through the veins of a fevered body. The de-

Two Years of War

bates in Parliament show that this has involved special
relations between the British Treasury and the money
markets of the United States and that Canada has

THOMAS COOPER BOVILLE
Deputy Minister of Finance

been made a base for British war credit on this side of
the Atlantic. Into the details of that relation, of
course, nobody enters, for no war tactics are more
critical than those which relate to the sinews of war.
But the new relationship, and the immensity of the
transactions involved must have added to the labors of
some civil servants, and the only ones to do this work
are those connected with the Department of Finance.
Were it not that there is constant and devoted atten-
tion to duty, friction would soon arise, leading to
possible disaster.

A concrete case giving an idea of what the war has
involved is that of the Letters of Credit Branch of the
Finance Department. This is a central accounting
ofl&ce by means of which the government hands out

money to the several departments and keeps a check
on expenditure. The business of government grew
rapidly up to the time of the war, and in 1914 the letters
of Credit Branch had to handle just over a million
checks, or about three thousand five hundred for each
working day. If the work keeps on at the present rate
— and the indications are that it will increase — there
will be over three million checks to be dealt with this
year.

For the smoothness with which all this great mass
of new work has been handled credit must go first to
Mr. T. C. Boville, C.M.G., Deputy Minister. Mr.
Boville is a civil servant by training and life-long ex-
perience. He entered the service as a junior and has
worked his way to the top of his profession. He has
enjoyed the confidence of Minister of Finance of either
political party and has discharged his duties to the
satisfaction of both. There is not to be found in the
public service of Canada a better example of the pul^lic
functionary who attends strictly to the duties of his
office and brmgs to the performance of those duties a
high quality in administration. The assistant Deputy
is Mr. J. C. Ross, to whom is committed specially the
direction of affairs involving legal questions. Mr.
Ross was a prominent la^vyer of Nova Scotia when he
joined the staff of the Department some years ago at
the instance of Hon. W. S. Fielding, then Minister of
Finance. The Department was lightly manned before
the war, for there is a tradition of economy in its
working which has sometimes been carried beyond the
line of parsimony. This means that the war has thrown
immense burdens of work and responsibility upon
those officers who were of the staif in the autumn of
1914. And the fact that the machine has given the
greater output demanded, and that without jar or
confusion, is the best proof that could be asked that
the staff have been not merely willing but very capable.

It has been necessary, of course, to increase the
staff very considerably. The labour of office details is
greatly lessened and simplified in these days of type-
writers, calculating machines, duplication and printing
outfits and self-indexing filing systems. Nevertheless
when hundreds of millions of dollars additional must be
handled in and out, and a record kept of every cent so
that every transaction may be traced at any time even
to the satisfaction of a censorious scandal-hunting
committee of the House of Commons, new hands
simply must be employed.

Many temporaries have been put on from time to
time to cover a rush of work as it has arisen. The
floating of a new loan, for instance, means the employ-
ment of many clerks, mostly girls, for the work of
typing, mailing and recording which becomes necessary.
This service performed, the emploj-ment of these
people ceases. Some additions to the staff have been
made of a more permanent character, but only for the
l)eriod of the war. The work has been overtaken, in
the main, liy means of extra effort on the part of the
permanent staff. Old rules about hours of work have
been forgotten and the one thing kept in mind has been
the carrying on of the work. No extra remuneration
has been given, nor has it been asked or looked for.
On the contrary, the officers of the Department of
Finance, fike the rest of the Civil Service, have allowed
to remain in abeyance during the war, claims for better

As Viewed Fbom Ottawa

terms of remuneration which, before the war, had al-
ready been more than half acknowledged by successive
governments to be just and reasonable. This work is
their "bit" and it is done, as the other work of the war
is done everjovhere throughout the Empire, cheerfully
and devotedly as a matter of useful and honourable
duty.

THE TARIFF BRANCH

A comparatively new branch of the Department
of Finance whose specialty is taxation has been brought
to great growth and imjjortance, — as might have been
expected, — by the war. This is the service known as
the Tariff Branch. The head of this Branch, Mr. R.
W. Breadner, at one time an ofHcer high in the customs
service, is recognized as an authority in tariff matters.
He was given charge of the works of preparing the new
tariff on the accession to power of the present govern-
ment ; and also, when the war came on, was relied upon
by the Finance Minister to advise in the drafting of the
laws designed to raise special revenues to meet the
heavy new demands upon the treasury. This work he
performed so satisfactorily that he has been given
charge of the administration of the new law levying
a tax on excess profits of corporations, his title being
Commissioner of Taxation.

Mr. Breadner has had the organizing of his own
Branch in consultation with the Minister of Finance.
The service being special and, in the main, temporary,
Parliament has placed the appointments under the
War Appropriations Act and not under the Civil
Service Act. In making the appointments regard has
been had solely to fitness for the position to be filled.
The consequence is that a most efficient staff has been
got together very quickly. The Assistant Commissioner
of Taxation is Mr. J. A. Russell. In the Ottawa
office are thirteen officers and clerks. There is a field
staff besides, covering the whole Dominion. For the
purpose of the Act the country has been divided into
eleven districts, and headquarters for the districts"
respectively have been established at Halifax, St.
John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton,
London, Winnipeg, Calgary and Vancouver. Fifteen
inspectors and assistant inspectors have been appointed
to collect information and direct the assessments. In
a number of cases special office help has been provided
to the total of eight people. Altogether there are at
this writing thirty-eight people in the Branch and the
organization is befieved to be complete.

To pay for these public servants Parliament' has
appropriated $150,000. The expenditure will probably
be considerably under this sum. But as it is expected
that the collections will amount to from $25,000,000
to $30,000,000 in three years, it will be seen that, even
if the whole appropriation were used it would make
the cost of collection considerably less than two per
cent., a figure which few business houses can equal.

Money" has already begun to flow into the treasury
from sources opened by this branch. So well has the
new law been drafted and so admirably has its adminis-
tration been begun that there is no apparent desire on
the part of any of those assessed to dodge a penny of the
special war tax. Everybody seems to feel that the
impost is a moderate one considering the burdens that
the country has to face and the advanatge to Canadian

business of an early and complete victory in the present
war. The form of tax is new in Canada and its opera-
tion will be watched with keen interest not only by
Canadians who are the people immediately affected,
but by public men and students of fiscal science through
out the world.

The Royal Mint

IN official status the Royal Mint at Ottawa is not
a part of the Canadian public service, but is a
branch of the Royal Mint of Great Britain.
The Deputy Master and all his assistants are officers
of the British service and not of the Canadian. But
Canadian money built the Mint and Canadian money
operates it, the great majority of those employed by it
are Canadian, and the relations between the Mint and
the Finance Department of the Canadian government
are such an intimate intertwining of duties and re-
sponsibilities that the Mint cannot be left out of ac-
count in any record, such as this, of what the public
service has done for Canada in relation to the war.

The one absorbing passion of the individual
Canadian, we are often told, is the making of money.
It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that the Mint,
the factory where the actual coins are manufactured,
should be one of the "show places" of the Capital, a
place which every visitor to the city is supposed to see.
And a more interesting place is not to be found.

The Mint, of course, is simply a factory, its product
being gold, silver and bronze coins, and stamped bars
called for by the law. It is a complete institution,
taking in the raw material from the smelter and carry-
ing on all the processes necesssary to the turniiig out of
the finished product as handled by the banks and the
pubHc in their daily transactions. A more modern or
efficient plant of its kind is not to be found anywhere.
The fuel for the melting furnaces is oil, the complex
and almost superhumanly perfect machines are driven
by electricity, each having its separate motor. Both
electrolytic and chlorination processes are used in the
refining of gold. The whole plant has been designed
by the most experienced men with a view to facilitating
labor while at the same time making sure, and trebly
sure, the safeguards which are necessary in the handling
of the precious metals and the turning out of the tokens
which are to be the basis and standard of all trade.

At the opening of the war the Mint was at a rather
low ebb of production as an industrial plant. The hard
times were on, as everybody will remember, and
Canadian, business had no need of a great supply of
coins. In 1914 fewer pieces were struck than in any
year back to 1909.

But the war has made an immense change, of course.
Experts in these matters tell us that the activity of
many lines of trade in these days is the result not of
healthful development but of the fever of war. How-
ever that may be, more and still more coins are called
for. Each year, for special purposes, the officers of the
Mint prepare figures showing the work of the institu-
tion down to 31st October.

This year's statement reflects the tremendous
activity of the Royal Mint during the first ten months
of 1916. The number of gold coins was far greater

Two Years of War

HON. ROBERT ROGERS
Minister of Public Works

As Viewed Fhom Ottawa

than in 1915 and about equal to 1914. The silver coins
struck numbered 6,588,294, which is more than three
times the number struck for the whole jear 1915.
It is in the copper coinage, however, that the greatest
numerical increase is seen — and whether that is due
to the war taxes or to what else noljody seems to
know very definitely. The copper coins made in ten
months of this year numbered 7,437,738, which is far
more than in any previous year and ahnost twice as
many as were made in the year 1915. On the whole,
there has been an increase in the first ten months of
the present year of 34 per cent, over the mean annual
coinages of the completed years 1914 and 1915.

The Mint now is working as it never has worked
before. The smoothness with which trade gees on
and the complete absence of complaint from anj
part of the country for lack of coins sufficient for all
transactions are proof that the demands arising from
a condition of war are being met. And the work of
refining has increased even more than the work of
coining.

To understand what this means in the way of
extra labor, one must keep in mind the conditions of
production. In these days of "efficiency" in shoj)
practice, those in charge of great mechanical operations
pride themselves upon the care with which material
is handled to avoid waste. Imagine a factory employ-
ing well up to a hundred hands in which the material
nmst be accounted for to the fraction of an ounce,
where stock as it passes from hand to hand or from
process to process must be checked and weighed, where
the dust on the floor of the rooms and even the very
fumes of the furnaces must l^e treated and the material
recovered weighed back as part of stock. It is no easy
matter to find men who combine skill and character
for even the mechanical operations of such a plant.
But when it comes to the work of supervision and
check, which must represent by far the greater part of
the labor charge, it is easy to see that there is almost no
way to increase the staff, for the qualities reciuired are
not to l)e given by a course in a correspondence school.
Poets are bom, not made, we are told, but the man
who is to take a place of responsibility in the Royal
Mint must be a product of a long course of peculiar
training.

To some parts of the Mint the war means twent\ -
four hours' work a day. The manufacturing staff
is there divided into three shifts and the complete
units relieve one another at eight-hour intervals.
A.S to the supervising officers, they get through by
dint of greatly lengthened hours ami by accommo-
dating them.selves as best they may to the unusual
demands of the situation.

There have been a good many new appointments in
the Mint. Many of these of a temporary nature were
made necessary by the fact that the institution is
splendidly represented in the firing line. Out of a
staff of seventy-two, no fewer than twenty-eight
volunteered for overseas service, of whom all but three
were accepted. To replace these officers and to bring
the .staff, as far as possible, up to the strength required
by the unprecedented demand for the services of the
Mint new appointments have been made bringing the
staff, temporary and permanent, well over the hundred.

When peace is again restored and the historian is
able to begin his work upon the immense mass of
existing material with a view to explaining the con-
duct of the war, one of the most noteworthy chapters
of that history will be an account of the financial
operations. This is to-day a part of the high policy
which is depended upon for the bringing of victory and
is the secret of those who have in charge the destinies of
the people in this supreme hour of struggle. It is no
secret, however — it has been declared a thousand times
by those highest in authority — that the winning of the
war will depend in no small measure upon the proper
husbanding of resources and the carrying on of eco-
nomic production at the highest possible rate. In this
all-important matter the handling of those metaljs
which are the medium of trade, and the chief of which
is the standard of all trade values, is a work as neces-
sary as is the circulation of blood in the human body.
It is a work so fine that even a minor failure in duty
may throw great systems out of gear. When the
history of the struggle is reviewed, the Ottawa branch
of the Royal Mint will have a record to present which
will reflect credit upon the institution as a whole and
upon every officer in its service.

The Office of the Auditor General

THE Office of the Auditor (Jeneral is different
from any other branch of the public service,
and consequently its work is not always
clearly understood. So far as the spending of money
goes, the several departments handle funds voted by
Parliament. The money to be spent in the various
services is first voted by the House of Commons — so
much for this, so much for that, so much for the other.
There are strict rules against any of these appropriations
being exceeded, and clear justification is demanded in
cases of so-called necessity or emergency involving
over^xpenditure. But, of course, a body like the
House of Commons, consisting of over two hundred
men, meeting for only part of the year, and having a
thousand other things to attend to, cannot keep
effective watch on expenditures so multifarious, so
great and spread over so nmch ground. Consequently,
the House of Commons commits to one official the
duties in this matter which it has to perform. That
official is the Auditor General. He is the eyes of the
House of Commons to see to it that all the money spent
by the government is spent in accordance with the
conditions that the House lays down.

The Auditor General, of course, is given as many
assistants as he needs, and his office is clothed with
almost unlimited power of inquiry as to expenditures
made or proposed. He cannot, of course, prevent the
government from spending money for they also have
their duty and their responsibility, but when he finds
an expenditure made in a way that he thinks is not in
accordance with the will of his master the House of
Commons, it is his duty to lay the facts before the
House for such action as they may wish to take.

Up to August, 1914, as everybody knows, the
expenditures of C'anada were on a peace basis and were
almost wholly confined within the limits of the Domin-

Two Years of War

^^^y'W^**'"*^*^^

HON. MARTIN BURRELL
MiNisTEK OF Agriculture

As Viewed From Ottawa

ion itself. The work of the Auditor (Jeucral's office
had increased gradually but rapidly with the growth of
the country in population and expenditure. Suddenly

JOHX FRASER
Auditor Genkrai,

teach new duties, as the poet tells us, but now duties
are very apt not to be understood in the same way by
all concerned. The sudden duty of spending hundreds
of millions of dollars in war thrust upon a country
devoted to peace could hardly be fulfilled without
friction. It is of record that a Minister of Militia
for instance was dissatisfied with the view of duty held
by the Auditor General in certain matters. The
wonder to any reasonable mind must be not that
tlifferences have arisen but that those differences have
been so few and comparatively so unimportant.

In some departments, such as Militia and Finance,
the war has forced upon the civil service many duties
that must be discharged under new and special con-
ditions. This is not so much the case with the De-
])artment of the Auditor General. The extension of
the work to Europe has immensely increased the volume
of business to be handled, and it must also have given
rise to some new problems, for the Auditor General,
Mr. John Fraser, has himself made a trip to Britain in
connection with the work of his office. There is no
suggestion, however, that this will result in any import-
ant change in the system followed. The increase of
the work is simply the watching of a bigger flow of
dollars from the treasury to the thousands and millions
of people to whom the money of the Dominion of
Canada is paid.

Of course, those who are on watch must work
harder than before. But in such a duty as this human
capacity is closely limited. The look-out on an ocean
liner is good for so many hours at a stretch and there
is danger in testing his efficiency beyond its due limits.
So with the checking of expenditure — you run into
errors if you work the people more than just so long
and so hard.

Six men from the Auditor General's staff have gone
to the front. Thirty-five new j^cople have been tempo-
rarily engaged under the War Appropriation Act.
This makes a net increase in the staff membership of
only twenty-nine. The majority of the newcomers are
employed in one branch of the office that has to do
with militia expenditure alone. It is a remarkable
evidence of the perfection of the auditing sytem and of
the efficiency of those engaged in its administration
that so much additional work has been put through
with so little friction and, so far as can be seen, without
errors of anj importance.

the war came on, the expenditure trebled or quadrupled,
and, instead of being confined within the Dominion
boundaries it was extended over a part large of Europe.
The hundreds of thousands of Canadian soldiers were
entitled not only to be maintained and paid, but to
have special allowanees made to wives or other depend-
ants and even their pay directed in many cases to meet
obligations on this side of the water — "assigned i)ay"
as they call it. Thus every soldier, — to speak of that
matter alone, — may have three separate checks made
out everj' month to cover his pay, or say a million
checks a month as one clear addition to the business to
be supervised fjy the Auditor General.

Then, of course, questions of authority and the
due exercise of authority have arisen. New occasions

The Department of Customs

THE "average man" (if such a man can be found)
will probably assert that the war work of the
Department of Customs consists merely in
collecting extra duties on imports to increase the
revenues of the Dominion. This is, truly, an important
part of the work of the Department, and from its ac-
tivities as a revenue-producing agent mportant results
have been secured, but there are other features of the
Department's work that, though little known or under-
stood, are nevertheless of gr(>at importance.

The Department of Customs has nothing to say
about itself. If the inquirer wants information he will
have to be satisfied with what he can find :n a l)lue-book

Two Years of Wau

RON. JOHN DOWSLEY REID, M.D.
Minister of Customs

As Viewed From Ottawa

or outside the new castle on Sussex Street, Ottawa.
From such sources some inkhng of what goes on in the
Department can be gleaned.

The War Revenue Act which increased the import
duties but provided a special list of articles exempt from
such duties greatly complicated and increased the
work, not only of the headquarters staff of the Depart-
ment, but of every collector and officer in every port
of entry in Canada. The new dutie.s were in force for
only a short period of the fiscal year 1915 but they
produced .12,638,000 of extra revenue. In the fiscal
year 1916 they returned more than .$25,000,000.

Customs officials were also charged with certain
special responsibilities in connection with the use of
Inland Revenue Stamps on imported medicines,
perfumes and wines.

Such duties as these were merely variations of the
every-day work of the Department, but the war
developed some brand new and perplexing problems.

On successive declarations of war with Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria, goods pro-
duced in those countries became prohibited imports.
Before the war they had been brought in to the value of
many millions per year. It now became the duty of
the Customs Department to shut them out. The wily
German was not content, however, to have his products,
labelled "Made in Germany," turned back at the Can-
adian border. Perhaps, some day, when the war has
passed into history, some superannuated Customs man
may tell the story of false markings, re-packings, faked
invoices and what-not tricks of the crafty Hun that
were detected in connection with schemes to foist
enemy-made goods upon the Canadian people. Neutral
countries held vast stores of such merchandise and there
can be no doubt that numerous attempts were made to
unload them upon the Canadian market. Somewhere
in the Customs Department are records which tell the
story of how these attempts were foiled.

Then there is the matter of restricted and pro-
hibited exports. Canadian war materials must not be
allowed to drift, through neutral channels, to our ene-
mies in Europe, yet the supplies of our AUies must not
be interfered with. Difficult and delicate is the task
of carrying out the regulations in this regard, but the
Customs Department has been quite equal to it.

A glance over the statistics of trade reveals the
presence of such queer new items of import as "bi-
nitrotoluol," "cassava flour for the manufacture of
explosives," "materials for Russian shells," and a tre-
mendous development of the trade under the compre-
hensive term of "articles for the army and navy."
Every such innovation as these has meant more re-
sponsibility and more work for the Department of
Customs. There are rumours -and whispers of imports
for our fighting forces of which no statistics are pub-
lished. Newspapers have printed tales of machine
guns, armored cars and other war material appearing
in Canada from no-one-knew-where, — but the Customs
people know. Imagination may run quite a long way
along such lines as these.

Customs officers on the borders have rendered the
country very valuable services outside of the ordinary
duties of their office. In detecting and foiling the
attempted escapes of alien enemies and in watching and
reporting the movements of suspicious persons they

have been of invaluable assistance to the military and
police authorities. There's many a German reservist
behind the barb-wire of an internment camp just be-
cause a border Customs officer had his eyes open.

But, as was stated before, the Customs Department
has nothing to say for itself and therefore it is very
difficult to discuss it. The reader may, however, be
assured that the Department is performing numerous
and difficult war duties and that the collection of
revenues is probably the least difficult and, in a sense,
least important of them all.

Department of Inland Revenue

ONE of the departments charged with the collec-
tion of special revenues for the carrying on of
the war is that of Inland Revenue, and it may
be fairly stated that, while this department has a more
difficult task than some of the others engaged in similar
work, it will not receive all the credit due for what it is
accomplishing.

The Act providing for the imposition of extra taxes
to provide revenue during the war, requires that ad-
ditional duties be levied upon certain articles subject
to the ordinary excise taxes, and that special war-tax
stamps be affixed to all packages of patent medicines
and toilet articles, to all cheques, drafts, bills of ex-
change, telegraph and cable messages, and to certain
other articles. It also imposes taxes on railway,
steamship, parlor-car, sleeping-car and like tickets.

The carrying out of the provisions of the Act in
this regard is the responsibility of the Department of
Inland Revenue and the special taxes are to be paid
by stamps issued by and purchased from that Depart-
ment. However, for the convenience of the public,
ordinary postage stamps are made valid for certain
uses when Inland Revenue stamps are not available.
In consequence of this thousands of persons and firms
do not bother with Inland Revenue stamps at all, but
use postage stamps altogether, and, of course, the
purchase price of postage stamps goes to the Post
Office Department. Thus the returns of war taxes
collected by the Department of Inland Revenue do
not represent the whole amount actually received from
these internal imposts.

The Department of Inland Revenue is not, however,
relieved of the charge of enforcing the provisions of the
Act. Its officers must see that the numerous articles
required to be stamped are duly legalized by the
affixing and cancelling of either postage or Inland
Revenue stamps.

In the early days of the Act there were a good many
infractions. Some persons thoughtlessly and others,
it may be surmised, deliberately, neglected to use the
stamps in transactions requiring their use. A good
many of these were caught, haled before a magistrate
and penalized according to the requirements of the
law. Some of the most persistent offenders were
travelling agents and others having no fixed place of
business and these were also the most difficult offenders
to locate and prosecute. The officers of the Department
successfully followed up many such persons and put
an end to their illegal activities. In many cases they

Two Years of War

HON. E. L. PATENAUDE,
Minister of Inland Revenue

As Viewed From Ottawa

were also able to get at "the men higher up," — i.e.,
the employer of agents and to give them warnings of
the sort that no wise person neglects to heed.

The wine-bibber, the exquisite with a fine dis-
crimination in rare perfumes, and the devotee of the
l^atent -medicine habit have alike been looked after by
Inland Revenue officers to see that they did not dodge
their legal share of the war burden.

Inland Revenue stamps, like postage stamps, are
worth face value and their issue, handling and pro-
tection involves work comparable in character to that
of the currency branch of the Department of Finance
in issuing the familiar Dominion of Canada notes.
The great increase in the number of articles requiring
to be stamped, the multiplication of the places where
such stamps mu.st be legally sold and the increase in
the number of stamp users from a comparative few to,
potentially, the whole population of the Dominion as
well as the great increase of the number and value of
stamps sold laid a heavy load of work and responsi-
i^ility upon the staff of this department.

While the Department of Inland Revenue is not a
^'combatant unit" of the Civil Service, it has certainly
had no unimportant part to play in providing the
Government with the "sinews of war."

The Privy Council Office

UNDER our governmental system the Prime
Minister may hold any portfolio, but the trend
of modeni practice is to give the Prime Minister
the Presidency of the Privy Council. To whatever
department he goes, the leader of the government, of
course, brings a great part of the correspondence which
is one of the heaviest burdens of his position. More
than ever, the war has centered business in the Prime
Minister, for ten thousand new questions have arisen
which only the head of the government can handle.
This has meant a great increase in the work of the
staff of the Privy Council Office.

Experts in the machinery of government have
examined the Canadian system and have declared
that it will have to be reformed — that it throws too
much work upon the ministers and especially upon the
Prime Minister. War-time, of course, is not the best
time for reforms of any kind, needing careful adjust-
ment of means to ends.

The war in another way has brought to the Office
a great increase of labor quite regardless of the fact
that its official head is also Prime Minister. The
Privy Council must legislate when Parliament is not
sitting and the disturbance of conditions l)y the war
brings forth many situations which must be dealt with
promptly.

There has been no increase in the staff of the
Privy Council Office on account of the war. The
work is too hfghly technical and comes in too awkward
form for new people to be able to carry it on with
the speed and accuracy that is necessary. There
has been no course but for the officials of the Office
to give double attention and double effort to their
work, and this they have done. They are deserving of
great credit for the devotion and ability shown in bear-
ing their part of the comon burden of the war.

The Department of the Secretary of State

IF you were in a foreign country and desired in-
formation of the Canadian government, or had
a case to present, you would probably write to
the Secretary of State. If you had a case arising here
in Canada in which the Dominion was interested and
you did not know with which department to open cor-
respondence you would probably write to the Secretary
of State to find out to whom you should write. And,
in either case, five times out of six, you would find that
the Secretary of State was your very man and that he
would undertake to see the matter through with you.
In the several departments of the government the
Department of State is looked to as a source of general
wisdom. A matter of public works, or fisheries, or
Dominion lands, or anything else with a name, gets
itself attended to by the department to which it ob-
viously belongs. But a matter which is not plainly
tagged is pretty sure to turn up in the Department of
State sooner or later.

This being the form of organization, it will readily
be seen that the declaration of war meant intense
activity for the Secretary of State and his staff. All
kinds of new questions, unprecedented, unheard-of,
were suddenly thrust to the front with imperative de-
mand for their immediate solution. Historians in the
future will say that this war meant a great change in
the relations of Canada to the Empire and to the world.
The nature of that change they will trace out in the
records, and they will explain in their leisurely fashion
just why everything occurred as it did. But the officers
of the Department of State were called upon by tele-
gram and in the midst of the awful confusion of a world
cataclysm to make it occur as it did, and it has been
their business to see to it that the occurrence squared
with the constitution and with the infinitely important
interests involved; and not only that, but to prepare a
record of the facts that should be true to-day and en-
lightening to the investigators of the future.

There is in Canada, as in every other civilized
country, an official Gazette in which government
proclamations and all kinds of legally-required notices
appear. Mistakes are often made in other newspapers
and are overlooked by an indulgent public. But The
Canada Gazette is not allowed to make mistakes, for
everybody is supposed to note what appears in its
columns and to govern himself accordingly. This
publication is the special business of the Secretary of
State. With the growing population of the country,
the multiplication of incorporated companies, the in-
crease in the number of divorces, and other accompani-
ments of a hectic civilization. The Canada Gazette,
even before the war, was rapidly increasing in size and
in the importance and complexity of its contents.
But when the war came on the Gazette became at once
a medium of commanding interest. Proclamation
followed proclamation, many of them so vital to the
public at large or to great sections of it that the Gazette
had to issue extras, just like an evening paper when
great news "breaks" from the front. The preparation
of these proclamations was far more than the mere
placing together of so many words. Great interests,
long-established rights, the courtesy due to allied or
neutral nations — such matters as these might be

Two Years of War

HON. PIERRE EDOUARD BLONDIN, LL.B.

Secretary of State and Minister of Mines

As Viewed From Ottawa

affected l)y the turn of a phrase. The issue of a pro-
clamation, or the form of it, might depend upon negotia-
tions going on in Europe, or upon tlie deliberations of
the Dominion Cabinet. This meant that the people in
the Secretary of State's department, had to wait like
sentries, watchful of everything and ready for instant
action. Long hours, suspense, anxiety, attended every
important move, and for a long time every move seemed
important. The Secretary of State and his staff were
like guides in a new country and with a whole nation
following them. Chances of error were multipli(>d
everywhere and the results of error might be so serious
that every step had to be considered with the utmost
care.

It so happened that just about the time when war
shattered the old international relations of our present
civilization, new laws had been passed readjusting the
status of Canadians in relation to the Empire and to the
rest of the world. The old joke about the man with a
Spanish mother and a French father, born on a British
ship, in Italian waters, and brought up in the United
States, is only a joke under ordinary conditions.
But ^vith the nations at war, a man's nationality may
involve all his other interests, it may even become for
him a matter of hfe or death. Many Canadians, or
people who had always supposed themselves to be
Canadians, had this question thrust upon their atten-
tion for the first time, and, of course, each in his turn
called upon the Secretary of State to make plain his
path before him. Many of the cases, as can easily be
understood, involved questions of great complexity,
especially as predecents were being established and the
lines for future procedure laid down. That the action
of the Department was disputed, that in many cases
it gave rise to long correspondence, can well l)e imagined.
The research needed for that correspondence added
tremendously, of course, to the labor involved.

Out of this question of nationality as complicated
by war grew a number of other sets of problems each
bri.stling with its special difficulties.

For instance, certain lines of trade, highly commend-
able before the war, had to be at once interdicted
under severe penalties — no trading with the enemy.
But how the new lines were to be drawn, how a pre-
tended friend was to be known as an enemy and a
friend unfortunately associated relieved of the ban
that would otherwise rest upon him, were questions
depending upon a right understanding of the law and a
correct apprehension of facts that might not be sub-
mitted with entire candor by parties interested; for, as
Bums says, "When self the wav'ring balance shakes,
'tis rarely right adjusted;" people are not always satis-
fied with a right answer to a letter, but will carry on a
long correspondence hoping to get an answer to suit
them, right or wrong. And the Secretary of State's
officers are not free to tell a correspondent that if he
does not like their way of doing business he can go to
the shop next door. There is no other shop in the
same fine, and everybody, even though he may be
trying to work some selfish game, so long as he keeps
within the law, must be treated with the elaborate
courtesy of responsible officialdom.

An entirely new branch of the State Department is
that of Press Censorship. This work, of course, goes
on only during the War. It seems wonderful that a

jjecjple like Canadians, accustomed to the utmost
freedom of expression, could at once establish a censor-
ship so complete as that which exists and submit with-

THOMAS MIJLVEY
Under Secretary of St.\te

out a murmur to the restrictions upon liberty thus
imposed. But this is like any of the other sacrifices
which are made as part of Canada's contribution to
the defence of civilization. Even liberty itself is
temporarily sacrificed in order that its permanent
overthrow may be prevented.

The newspapers of (Canada, realizing the danger of
unregulated publication in war time and desirous that
all should be on the same footing as to restriction, sent
representatives to discuss with the Secretary of State
the basis for a censorship. The result of that dis-
cussion was an agreement for the appointment of a
Chief Censor, with necessary assistants, to carry on
the work of regulating publication according to certain
standards. Thus, the decisions of the Censor, while

Two Years of War

HON. FRANK COCHRANE
Minister op Railways and Canals

As Viewed From Ottawa

imposed upon any newspaper that would otherwise
offend, are expressive of the will of the newspapers as a
whole. The Press Censorship is a voluntary renuncia-
tion by the publishers of Canada, for the time being, of
rights which they have hitherto enjoyed.

As stated, the work of the Press Censorship is
carried on by a special staff, and thus it is not a burden
upon the permanent officers of the Department. But
the correspondence and other work necessary to the
establishment of the new branch made up one of the
many extra duties thrust upon the subordinates of the
Secretary of State by the war.

As indicated at the beginning of this account of
State Department's work during the war, the records
of the many matters thus suddenly thrust forward for
treatment have involved no little labor. And not
merely has record been kept, but publication has had
to be attended to in great sections of the work. Judges
and many other classes of officials must be kept in-
formed as to the exact terms of proclamations, Orders-
in-Council, and similar ordinances. These and many
others wish to know also what official publications
have been made in various parts of the Empire dealing
vnth war affairs. The duty of publishing such matters
relating to the war rests particularly with the Secretary
of State. The officers of his department have com-
piled and edited books aggregating many thousands
of pages. The work of selecting, arranging, editing
and indexing all the multifarious documents has been
extremely heavy, but it has been of incalculable value
to the public of Canada and of the world, for it has
meant authoritative guidance to many in uncertainties
or difficulties not otherwise to be solved.

All this war work has been a contribution by the
Secretarj' of State's staff to the general good, for,
during it all, the regular work of the Department has
been carried on and no additions to the staff have been
made nor have any extra allowances been afforded.
There were times when the Department would have
been glad to increase its own force, but the work is of
such a nature that this was impossible. Almost no
part of the service is repetitionary or mechanical, and
practically the whole of it calls for special knowledge
which, while not beyond the attainment of anybody of
intelligence and good will, cannot be possessed by one
who has not had peculiar training — and training was
the one thing which in the hurly-burly of demands
suddenly arising, was impossible and unthinkable.
Like the man chased by the bear, the Department had
to do its own running, put in its best licks and hope for
good results.

The members of the Secretary of State's staff, from
the Deputy Minister down to the youngest junior, are
to be commended for having labored devotedly and
efficiently in services which, difficult though they may
be and important in the public interest, are apt to be
unconsidered and those who perform them allowed as
reward only t"he satisfaction of duty done.

since war was declared. The correspondence, of
course, has increased tremendously, for this Depart-
ment is the medium of communication with the
Dominion Government in many affairs of the utmost
importance. A matter which this Department has
specially in charge, and which has entailed a great deal
of added labor under war conditions, is that of pass-
ports. In the old easy days not more than half a
dozen people a day, perhaps, would seek passports for
foreign travel. Now, with the national boundary lines
so much more closely guarded against surprise of
every kind, and with the movement of women and
chiklren dependent upon soldiers as a new element of
travel, fifty passports or more form the daily grist.
The actual labor involved in the preparation of a pass-
port is very considerable, especially in these days
when it is so vitally important to make sure that the
privilege it covers is not availed of by enemies to injure
the cause for which Canada is fighting.

The nature of the work done in the Department of
External Affairs makes any lengthened description at
this time impossible. It can only be said that the
work has so greatly increased that twelve new ap-
pointments have had to be made, bringing the total
number of the staff to twenty-six. No staff in the
service of the Government has worked harder or more
devotedly to bear the increased burden of work thrown
upon the Civil Service by the sudden and imperative
demands of war and war conditions.

The Department of External Affairs

HE Department of External Affairs is the young-
est of all the departments. Its work has grown
rapidly from the beginning, but especially

The Post Office Department

THE public is better acquainted with the Post
Office Department than with any other branch
of the national services, and jet it comes in
contact with only the fringes of its work. Few persons
who have not had occasion to look up the extent and
workings of the Canadian postal service have any idea
of its immensity.

Canada has thirteen thousand post offices, while
the establishment of tens of thousands of miles of rural
delivery routes has brought about the closing of a
thousand or so that formerly existed. These post
offices receive from the Canadian public about seven
hundred and sixty million pieces of letter mail in a
year, besides hundreds of millions of newspapers and
parcels. The letter mail alone requires the use of
about twenty-two million dollais' worth of stamps and
stamped cards and envelopes. About seven million
post office money orders, worth in the neighbourhood
of a hundred million dollars, are issued in a year, and,
of these, about sixty-five million dollars' worth are
cashed in Canada. The total revenues and expendi-
tures of the Department in a year exceed thirty-five
million dollars.

These figures outline a great picture and the know-
ledge that every person has will enable the fiUing-in of
many of the details. When it is remembered that the
enormous revenues of the Department are largely
derived from the sale of one, two and three-cent stamps
and from equally small commissions on money orders;
that the business of every accounting post office is
audited and checked up to the uttermost cent, just as
is the business of a branch bank; that for the trifling

Two Years of War

HON. T. CHASE CASGRAIN, K.C., M.A., LL.D.
Postmaster-General

As Viewed From Ottawa

stamp placed on a piece of mail matter the Department
undertakes to convey it, perhaps thousands of miles
and to deliver it to the specified address ; that thousands
of post office buildings with their special fittings,
hundreds of railway cars, motor cars, wagons and trucks,
tens of thousands of bags and hampers and innumer-
able other items of equipment, not to mention thou-
sands of employees scattered from Cape Breton to the
Yukon, — when it is remembered that all these have to
be kept track of, renewed, replaced, repaired, paid or
paid for, according to the peculiar needs of each, and
all continually maintained at a high state of efficiency,
some glimpse of what a wonderful thing postal service
is may be secured. There is no service in the world that
is carried on under such difficulties, none that has such
obstacles to overcome. Every illegible writer, every
carel&ss addresser of a letter, every trifler with the
regulations regarding the weight, wrapping and sealing
of mail lays a new and unnecessary burden upon the
Post Office Department. In the single instance these
things are trifling — in the aggregate they are a far
vaster problem for the Department to solve than that
of trans-oceanic mail transport or the restoration of
the services after a blockading snow-storm covering
whole provinces at mid-winter. And lastly, but by
no means least, every person who mails or receives
or expects to receive any article of mail matter becomes,
ex-officio, an inspector of mail services, and if the
service rendered is not, in his opinion, all that it might
be, somebody in the postal service hears about it.

During two years of war the Post Office Depart-
ment has carried out its enormous work with unim-
paired efficiency, notwithstanding that a thousand
postal employees are in khaki. The withdrawal from
the postal service of such a number of trained men in
itself created a serious problem, but the service has
gone on just the same and the latest report of the
Postmaster General shows that the expenditure for
the fiscal year 1916 is but slightly greater than that
for the previous year. Then, the character of postal
work has changed. Not only have the parcel post
and rural mail delivery systems grown tremendously,
but the volume of overseas mails has multiplied again
and again. Every time a Canadian unit embarks for
England thousands of persons at home become con-
tributors to the mass of mail matter addressed across
the Atlantic. And these mails are most difficult to
hantlle, not only from the large proportion of packages,
parcels and newspaper bundles that they contain but
also from the complexity of addresses and the (to most
people) unfamiliar Customs and other special regula-
tions.

The Post Office Department has been a great pro-
ducer of war revenues. The extra cent charge on
letters and post cards and the war-tax stamps on
postal money orders have brought millions of dollars
into the; Dominion treasury. The increased sale of
stamps involved much extra work, the issuing of special
stamps to meet war conditions was another problem,
and the neglect of the senders of mail to provide for
the war taxes was a greater trouble than either. But
the Post Office Department has Hterally "delivered
the goods" in spite of everything.

So far this article has avoided reference to the
biggest item of all in the war services of the Post Office

Department, — because it is a story in itself. In the
Canadian Militia there is a unit called The Canadian
Postal Corps. It was organized in 1911 and its
normal establishment is nine skeleton detachments,
one in each of the nine Mihtary Districts into which
Canada is divided. The Postmaster General is
Director General of Postal Services; Lieut. -Col. George
Ross, I.S.O., the chief post office inspector for Canada,
is Assistant Director of Postal Services and there is a
captain and nine lieutenants. Jutet what the war
establishment consists of is not disclosed. Three
hundred thousand Canadian soldiers overseas get
probably more mail than a million people at home.
All of it is handled by the overseas detachments of the
Canadian Postal Corps.

The Canadian Postal Corps is, from either the mili-
tary or Civil Service point of view, the most peculiar
unit in the army. It is made up of civil servants. The
army had to get from the Civil Service the men experi-
enced in postal work and mail service organization to
make up the Postal Corps. Without the men of the
Civil Service, the Postal Corps would have been as
helpless and as useless as an automobile in mid-ocean.

Every man in the Canadian Expeditionary J'orce
and every person who has addressed a piece of mail
matter to or received one from a man in that Force
owes something to the Canadian Postal Corps. As in
everything else, efficient service is taken as a matter of
course and failure receives all the attention. There is
more noise in the newspapers over one plum-pudding
delayed in delivery than over ten thousand letters
handed to the men in the trenches right on time.

Everything pertaining to the war is of absorbing
interest to the people of Canada, particularly those
things that instruct the stay-at-home regarding affairs
at the front. It is therefore with special satisfaction
that The Civilian places before the readers of this
special number an authentic description of the hand-
ling of the mails "somewhere in France."

THE CANADIAN POSTAL CORPS ON ACTIVE
SERVICE

The Canadian Postal Corps, while not so well
known or so often mentioned as other units in the
Canadian Expeditionary Forces, is nevertheless a vital
part of our great fighting machine. This Corps forms
the connecting link between a man in the trenches and
his loved ones at home, and the mails from the latter
have an importance that cannot be overestimated.

The work of the Postal Corps in the field is much
more difficult than the general public imagines.
It is required to provide a postal service to a huge
community, portions of which are continually on the
move from one point of the country to the other.

All mails for the Canadian Expeditionary Forces
that are on active service at the front, whether posted
in the British Isles or received from Canada, are at
once forwarded to the vast Army Post Office in London.
This establishment, known as the Home Depot, Army
Posts, includes a separate staff of postal men for each
Division at the Front. On receipt at the Home Depot,
mails for the Canadian Expeditionary Forces are
immediately transferred to the Canadian Section,
which is controlled by Capt. J. F. Verville, Canadian

Two Years of War

Postal Corps. Here the mails arc sorted out for the
different Canadian formations in England and France,
the work being of a difficult and important nature.

LIEUT.-COL. GEO. ROSS, I.,S.O.
Assi.sTANT Director of Postal Services

Insufficiently addressed matter, of which an enormous
quantity is received, is intercepted and diverted to the
Postal Section of the Canadian Record Office, where the
addresses are corrected and supplemented with the
aid of the Records, by a detail of the Canadian Postal
Corps under command of Lieut. E. A. Hartling. The
Canadian Section of the Home Depot makes up bags
for every large unit in the Canadian Expeditionary
Forces, no small task, taking into consideration the
number of Canadians now in the field. These bags
are appropriately labelled, sealed and sent through in-
tact to the Mail Orderly of the unit for which the
contents are intended. Canadian mails are received
in London on an average twice weekly, according to the
sailings of the Atlantic mail boats.

Mails for Canadians at the froilt are despatched
from London about 6:00 a.m., daily, arriving at a
certain French port between noon and 4:00 p.m. (the
Channel mail boats running on a tidal basis). Mails
for Canadian Corps, Divisional and Brigade Head-
quarters are here intercepted and immediately des-
patched by motor lorry to the Canadian Corps Head-
quarters Field Post Office, from which delivery is
effected to the various headquarters in the field on the
same evening. This is known as an express bag
despatch and provides an accelerated service for im-
portant official correspondecne. All other mails are

transported by supply train, which leaves the port
about midnight of the day of receipt and arrives at
the Divisional Railhead, about four miles from the
trenches, early next morning. An enormous weight of
mail — averaging four train carloads daily — is received
for the Canadian Army Corps.

The unloading of the mail trucks is effected by what
is known as "Supply Column Postal Details" each of
which consists of a corporal and two men of the Canda-
ian Postal Corps. Each Divisional Supply Column
has its Postal Detail, the non-commissioned officer in
charge of which is responsible for the correct circula-
tion of the mail bags for all units in his Division. On
arrival of the supply train at railhead this detail
transfers the bags for its Division to motor lorries, two
of which are set apart for the use of each Supply Col-
umn Postal Detachment. On completion of the load-
ing the bags are taken out to the field, a Postal Corps
man accompanying each lorry, and receiving a dis-
charge for the mails at the Field Post Offices to which
he delivers them.

Each unit in the field has an authorized Mail
Orderly, who calls daily at the Field Post Office from
which his unit is served. This Orderly gives a dis-
charge to the N.C.O. in charge of the Field Post Office
for every bag of mail received.

An infantry battalion receives some dozen bags of
mail daily and it is therefore necessary for the larger
units to detail a limber or wagon for hauling the mails
to the Mail Orderly's office, usually situated in the
unit's transport lines and frequently taking the form of
a ruined barn, or, in the absence of other shelter, a
tent. Here the Mail Orderly opens his l)ags and sorts
the mails into "Companies," "Sections," etc., each
regimental detail having its authorized N.C.O.,
usually a Company Quartermaster Sergeant, who takes
over from the Mail Orderly all letters and parcels ad-
dressed to the officers and men of his detail.

The mails are conducted to the trenches under
cover of darkness by means of the ration limbers which
proceed to within a few hundred yards of the front
line. Here their arrival is awaited by men detailed
from the ration parties, who carry the mails into the
trenches. The mails are, as a general rule, taken into
the Company Commander's dugout, where they are
again sorted out for the various platoons. The ar-
rival of the mails in the trenches is hailed with delight
by all ranks, from the Colonel to the latest draft man.

Registered mails are handled with as much care
at the front as in the Civil Postal Service. These, hke
all other mails, first circulate to the Army Post Office,
London, where they are listed on and despatched to
the respective Divisional Railhead Army Post Offices.
The Railhead then lists the registered items on the
appropriate Field Post Offices through which they are
delivered to the Unit Mail Orderly who must obtain
the addressee's signature for each item.

All outgoing mail must be censored regimentally
before being handed over to the Mail Orderly who posts
it at the nearest Field Post Office. Two despatches
are made daily from all Field Post Offices, all registered
articles being listed and letters stamped, assorted and
packaged in the same manner as in a Civil Post Office
under ordinary conditions. The outgoing despatch
from the Brigade Field Post Offices is taken to the

As Viewed From Ottawa

Divisional Train Field Post Office (or Mail Refilling
Point) bv wagon, in charge of one of the Brigade Postal
Staff. It is there transferred to one of the postal lorries
for conveyance to Railhead. At the Railhead Post
Office the bags are opened and the packages from the
Field Post Offices in the Division made up into one
large despatch. Registered matter for Overseas is
fisted on Lond(m (Foreign Section) ordinary bags being
made up for the various London Civil Post Offices,.
Base Army Post Offices and British Divisional Rail-
head Array Post Offices in France. The work of
sorting outgoing mails addressed to British Regiments
and Units in the Field is particularly difficult, a portion
of each Railhead Staff being specially trained for this
branch of the despatch work. The approximate
number of ordinary letters mailed in the Canadian
Corps daily is 30,000 and, roughly speaking, 1,250
registered articles pass through the Canadian Railhead
Army Post Offices daily.

Each Division in the Canadian Corps includes
besides a Railhead A. P.O., a Divisional Headquarters
Field Po.st Office, a Divisional Train Field Post Office,
and three Brigade Field Post Offices. A Field Post
Office is also attached to the Corps Headquarters and
deals with the mails for the numerous Administrative
Departments of the Corps and for the units in the
vicinity. A Divisional Headquarters F.P.O. performs
for its Divisional Headquarters duties similar to those
of the Corps Headquarters F.P.O. The Divisional
Train Field Post Offices are situated in a central local-
ity and serve the Divisional Artillery and the multitude
of small units which perform various duties in and
immediately behind the trenches.

All Canadian Field Post Offices in the Field, some
thirty in number, are regularly inspected by Captain
K. A. Murray, who is in command of the Canadian
Postal Corps in France ami Belgium. He is assisted
in this work by a Corps Warrant Officer and Divisional
Company Sergeant-Majors. The average distance
covered daily by the O.C. on his tours of inspection is
thirty miles, although, under certain circumstances it
is necessary for him to travel by car distances of over
seventy miles to inspect his Field Post Offices. In ad-
dition to the Field Post Offices, the offices of some ninety
Regimental Mail Orderlies are regularly inspected by
the O.C. and his assistants.

Sections of the Canadian Postal Corps are also
loi^ated at the Canadian Section, General Headquarters,
and at the Canadian Base Depot. The work of the
latter is connected with mails for drafts for the front
from Training Champs in England, and is of a very
difficult nature. The former deals with all mails for
casualties, for which, in the Canadian Military Post-
al Service, an entirely unique system has been devised,
as follows:

When a man is wounded and admitted to Hospital
the unit is nOt aware of his location, and his mail matter
is con.sequently simply endorsed "Hospital" and re-
turned to the Field Post Office whence it is forwarded
through the Railhead to the Postal Section, Canadian
Section, General Headquarters. The Po.stal Detail at
this point having access to records showing the exact
hospital locations in France of all casualties, it is poss-
ible for them to re-direct the mail matter to the hospital

in which the atldressee is located. When a man has
been invalided to England his mail matter is forwarded
to the Postal Section, Canadian Record Office, London,
where it is similarly re-directed to the appropriate
English hospital. Mail for men who have been killed
in action, died of wounds or declared missing is en-
dorsed by an officer and returned to the .senders.

To exjilain the necessary delay in delivery of mail
matter addressed to a soldier who has been wounded
the system of tracing these men to their destinations is
appended :

A Field Post Office receiving mail matter endorsed
"Hospital" or "Wounded" sends it to the Canadian
base at Rouen where it is taken over by a stalT of men
in the Canadain Section, 3rd Echelon, who have ac-
cess to the records of the Canadian Division, as .stated
above. Records are searched for the last known ad-
dress of the wounded or sick man, which is written on
the cover of the letter or parcel and it is forwarded to
the addressee. An explanation of the Canadian Record
System will show how addresses are found. Each
Canadian battalion or unit has a clerk at Rouen, whose
duty it is to follow the movements of every person con-
nected with his department. He has a complete nominal
roll of officers, non-commissioned officers and men.
When a soldier leaves a battalion, the unit in the fight-
ing line advises Rouen of the fact in a weekly return.
This report is handed over to the clerk concerned, who
keeps a daily casualty log, each page of which is num-
bered. The Battalion return, for instance, shows
Lieut. French wounded in action, and evacuated to
No. 2 Canadian Field Ambulance. The clerk turns
to Lieut. French in the alphabetical nominal roll and
alongside the name he enters No. 212 which is the
number of the page in the casualty log for that day.
He then makes a recoi d in the log, showing the name of
the soldier concerned, date of report, by whom re-
ported, date of casualty and where detained. Shortly
afterwards a report comes in from No. 2 Canadian
Field Ambulance stating that Lieut. French has been
received suffering from a gunshot wound in the foot,
and that he has been placed on an ambulance train.
An entry is made in the casualty log to this efTect. Ad-
vice is then received that this officer has passed through
No. 2 Canadian General Hospital Imund for England.
This is duly recorded. Finally it is noted that Lieut.
French embarked on Hospital Ship St. George for
England. Immediately after this entry is made Lieut.
French's name is crossed from the Rouen records as he
is no longer on the strength of the Division in France.
In due course the officer's mail is received by the Postal
Corps detachment at Rouen. The postal clerk ob-
serves that he is connected with the 8th Canadian
Battalion. He turns to the books of that unit, looks
at the nominal roll and sees that Lieut. French has
gone to England. He therefore endorses the envelope
"England" and places his initials thereon to sjiow
responsibility. The mail is forwarded to the Canadian
Record Office in London, where the books show the
postal clerks that Lieut. French is in a certain London
hospital, where his mail is finally delivered. When it
is considered that fully fifty per cent, of the Canadian
Division is away from the front some idea of the vast
amount of work done by the Canadian Postal Corps will
be gained.

Two Yeaes of War

RIGHT HON'. SIR GEORGE EULAS FOSTER, K.C.M.G., R.A., L,L.D., D.C.L.
Minister of Tkadh and Commerck

As Viewed From Ottawa

The work of the Canadian Postal Corps does not
necessarily take its members into the trenches although
«very man is trained and armed for front-line service.
Certain of the Field Post Offices are necessarily situated
in close proximity to the Infantry Battalions and Field
Batteries and are consequently well within the "shell
zone". Members of the Postal Corps at the Front
have frequently had to perform their duties under shell
fire and on one occasion rendered considerable service
in transporting wounded from a village which was being
heavily bombarded. They are required to save the
mails from salients imder severe shell fire and at great
risk. One Field Post Office was recently hit by a shell
and a member of the Postal Corps so severely wounded
that he subsequently died. Several of the Field
Post Offices have been blown to pieces by shell fire.

As is the case with all units at the front, the Postal
Corps is on duty twenty -four hours daily. Some of the
postal details commence handling mails l)etween 4:00
and 5:00 a.m. and few cease before 11:00 p.m. All
Field Post Offices must be ready to move at any hour
of the day or night.

The Postal Corps Details at Bramshott and Shorn-
cliffe Camps are under the command of Major B. M.
Caldwell and handle mails for the Canadian troops in
these camps. There are large numbers of Canadian
troops in these camps and the work of the Canadian
Postal Corps Details is responsible and difficult.

It will be understood from the above that life in
the Canadian Postal Corps on active service is not
what might be termed "easy." All ranks, however,
submit cheerfully to the many hardships and difficul-
ties in the good work of keeping in touch with their
friends and families the men who are risking all for the
honour of the British Empire and the safety and free-
dom of their homes.

Department of Trade and Commerce

IT is often asserted that international trade rivalry
is the most prolific cause of war and preparations

are already being made for a commercial contest
which is to follow the present conflict of armies.
These problems of the trade phenomena that precede
and result from wars have been receiving much atten-
tion from the -press and public but there is a general
tendency to overlook the difficulties that have de-
veloped and l)een overcome during the actual war
period. The nation that can best maintain its com-
mercial equilibrium is the one that can stand the
drains and los.ses of war longest. Thanks to the
British navy, trade under the Union Jack has been
but slightly interfered with by enemy operations, and
the importer is free to buy and the exporter to sell in
the market which best suits him.

Freedom- of the seas is not, however, the only
necessity of trade in war-time. Submarines and
mines are not the only perils that beset commercial
enterprise. Direction, information and assistance in
many other forms are required from some overseeing
power if the best advantage is to be taken of oppor-
tunities and the most serious of dangers are to be avoid-
ed.

. What the Board of Trade does for the British
business man, the Department of Trade and Commerce
does for his Canadian confrere. It is charged with the
development of the nation's trade and it does its work
in time of strife as in time of peace. During the first
two years of the present struggle the Department of
Trade and Commerce has discharged a very important
duty along its regular line of work, and has also carried
out many highly important special commissions as-
signed to it by the Government.

DARK DAYS

The declarations of war, involving nearly the
whole of Europe, which made memorable for all time
the opening days of August, 1914, demoraUzed the
commercial system of the world. The ocean-borne
trade of the Germanic nations vanished. Certain
markets were closed, others languished for lack of
supplies. Shipping and insurance rates soared. Soon
prohibitions of trade in many lines of goods further
complicated the situation.

Canada, a young nation just beginning to assert
herself in the world's markets, both as a buyer and as
seller, and having a foreign trade exceeding a billion
dollars a year, seemed threatened with industrial
paralysis, for no one then foresaw the wealth which
was soon to come to her through the medium of
munitions-making.

In their perplexity manufacturers and traders,
importers and exporters, turned to the government
for advice and aid. Where could they find new
markets for goods that they had formerly sold in
markets closed by the war? Where could they buy
goods formerly secured from nations that had become
enemies? What opportunities were there to replace,
in the home market, goods of foreign production by
Canadian-made goods? What had Germany and
Austria-Hungary been supplying to nations from which
they were now cut off, and could Canadian manufac-
turers secure the.se markets? These, and scores of
similar and subordinate queries were hurled in volleys
at the Department of Trade and Commerce, — for it is
to .that department that the commercial world of
Canada looks for information upon every conceivable
question.

LIGHT IN THE DARKNESS

Within the department there was congestion of
work, to a certain degree, but no dismay. The de-
partment handles just such problems as these every
day of its existence. There was merely a speeding up
of the work of finding markets for sellers and goods for
buyers and of spreading broadcast general information
and and advice through the medium of the Weekly and
other reports.

In the Trade Statistics Branch hundreds of "rush"
inquiries were an.swered. Special statistics of the
trade of Canada and all foreign lands, in aggregates
and in detail, were compiled, and the customs tariffs of
nearly two hundred countries were quoted and ex-
plained. The exporter was told how much of his line
of goods Germany had been selling, and where; what
was the import tariff of the purchasing country and
what other countries were competitors for the trade;

Two Years of War

while the importer who had been handling German
goods was advised of other sources of supply. In
continuation of this work the Trade Statistics Branch

FRANCIS CHARLES TRENCH O'HARA
Deputy Minister of Trade and Commerce

published in its Monthly Report a series of analytical
statements of the trade of Germany which demon-
strated the exact position formerly occupied bj' that
country in the commercial world.

The advantage that such a service of prompt and
thoroughly reliable information was to Canadian
commerce is incalculable. It is a service that has
never flagged, — that is being given every day. Can-
ada's trade has expanded greatly since the war began
and the expansion is not by any means altogether due
to "war orders." Manufacturers from the United
States are continually establishing new factories in
Canada. It is probably a unique occurrence in world
history that a nation engaged in a life-and-death
struggle should attract permanent investments of
neutral capital, and surely it is a most convincing

testimony to the soundness and safety of Canada's
commercial system and relationships!

For the development of home industry, for the
attraction of foreign investments and for the expansion
of external trade, a constant and uninterrupted com-
mercial service is essential. That service the Depart-
ment of Trade and Commerce has rendered even more
efficiently during the war than during the preceding
years of peace.

A MILLION BAGS OF FLOUR

Canada is the granary of the Empire. She feeds
Britain in peace or war. With the Atlantic free,
Britain need never fear hunger. When war was de-
clared'Canada's first gift was thirty-three thousand of
her sons, but long before these could strike a blow the
Canadian people had given the Old Land another
substantial evidence of their sympathy and support.
When the '"First Contingent" was raised, — fifty per
cent, over strength, — Canada was pleased with herself,
but not satisfied. She wanted to do more, and to do it
at once. What more appropriate than a gift from her
greatest store of national wealth, — the product of her
wonderful grain lands. Not wheat! Wheat is good, —
but flour is better. Canada's gift to the Motherland
should be ready for the baker's trough, ready to be
made into bread in a few hours. So she sent a million
bags of flour. The Home government accepted it with
the gratitude of the British people and the Department
of Trade and Commerce of Canada did the rest.

The duty of purchasing and despatching the flour
was carried out with admirable ease and promptitude.
The first shipment left Canada on August 24th and
the last instalment December 1st. At the request of
the British government delivery was made at seven
different ports in the United Kingdom. Along with
the gift of Canada as a whole went a special donation
of 300 bags of flour from the town of Wainwright,
Alta. In purchasing and transporting the flour, the
Department incurred a total expenditure of more than
83,000,000.

ONTARIO'S GIFT

In the early days of the war, the farmers of Ontario
signified their clesire to contribute a tithe of their crops
to the people of Great Britain, and the organization
and management of the gift fell to the Department of
Trade and Commerce. Instructions were sent to all
parts of Ontario for the shipment of all gift produce to
Montreal not later than November 1st, liut it was found
impossible to adhere to that date as final and goods
were received until January, 1915. In the special
warehouses secured by the Department in Montreal
were collected great stores of oats, wheat, barley, rye,
corn, peas, beans, flour, oatmeal, rolled oats, butter,
cheese, canned goods, dried apx)les and other com-
modities to an estimated value of nearly a hundred
thousand dollars, while more than $5,000 was received
in cash. At that time ocean tonnage was very hard to
secure and delay in the transportation of the goods
across the Atlantic was inevitable. When the St.
Lawrence was closed by winter, goods had to be trans-
ported to open ports, but before spring the whole gift
was in the hands of the British people.

As Viewed From Ottawa

APPLES

A service incidental to the war was the "Apple
Campaign" conducted by the Department in the
autumn of 1914. It having been discovered that a
large part of the apple crop of the country was likely to
be wasted, owing to the general derangement of markets
and business caused by the war, the Department in-
augurated a campaign of advertising to increase the
home demand for the fruit. Every newspaper in the
Dominion carried advertising of Canadian apples and
61,000 books of recipes for the use of apples were
mailed to inquirers from the Department's distributing
office. The amount of labour and expenditure involved
was considerable but the complete success of the cam-
paign was ample reward.

THE POILU'S BLANKET

Simultaneously with these duties the Department
of Trade and Commerce was carrying out an important
special commission for the French War Office. This
was the purchase and supply of 400,000 army blankets.
It was a "rush order" and many difficulties were en-
countered in carrying it out. Canadian factories
were given commissions to the limit of their capacity
but a part of the order had to be filled by United States
concerns. The scarcity of ocean tonnage intervened
again in this matter, but all ol)stacles were overcome.
The blankets were received, inspected, paid for and
shipped and the French government was well pleased.
The total expenditure was about $1,700,000.

FLOUR FOR SOUTH AFRICA

In March, 1915, came a demand from the govern-
ment of the Union of South Africa for 35,000 bags of
flour. This was purchased and shipped by the De-
I)artnient of Trade and Commerce at an expenditure of
$130,000.

SHIRTS FOR THE BERSAGLIERI

In July, 1915, the armies of the AUies had not
grown to the enormous proportions that they have
since attained and Canadian factories that now have
all the war orders they can handle were in want of
business. In that month the Knit Goods Manufac-
turers Association informed the government that their
mills were largely idle and asked for assistance in
securing orders. The Department of Trade and Com-
merce took the matter up promptly and effectively.
Orders were secured from the government of Italy and
in a short time Canadian mills were humming with the
task of supplying 600,000 undershirts and 100,000
blankets for the soldiers of our Mediterranean ally.
The orders were duly filled, and the amount expended
in cost and incidentals was $875,000.

So well was the Italian government satisfied with
the manner in which its needs had been suppUed that,
about a year later, it asked the Canadian government
to purchase for it half a million more shirts. When this
is being written, the order is being filled under the
direction of the Department of Trade and Commerce.

A COUP IN WHEAT

Most famous and most valuable among Canada's
varied products is wheat. Canada proudly calls

herself "The Granary of the Empire" and while she
plays a leading part in feeding the Motherland she re-
ceives for her wheat crop the means wherewith to
develop her great, new prairie provinces.

When it was learned that the Canadian wheat
crop of 1915 would exceed all former records, there
was rejoicing, for such a wonderful yield was no small
strength to a nation at war. There was, however,
another aspect of the situation, one that the general
public did not see. With some European markets
closed and others buying only as need required, with
United States and Argentine grains competing in the
British market and with ocean tonnage at great
premium, there was a good possibihty of Canada
having difficulty in disposing of her enormous crop.
Then, one morning, the world woke to learn that the
Canadian government had commandeered 13,600,000
bushels of wheat then in store in the elevators between
the head of the Lakes and Montreal.

The Department of Trade and Commerce did it.
Under this department the Board of Grain Commis-
sioners for Canada is administered. It controls in-
spection, fixes grades, licenses elevators (and runs ele-
vators of its own) and directs the whole grain trade of
Canada. It was the executor of the Government's
orders in the matter of commandeering wheat.

It was no simple matter to seize all the wheat in
transit from the prairies to the Atlantic. Power and
authority there was in plenty, — power to exercise for
the welfare of Canada and the Allies, — but that power
had to be so exercised that no injury to the individual
should result from the benefit to the whole people.
The seized wheat had a thousand owners. Some
owned a hundred, others a milfion bushels apiece.
Some were exporters, some were })rokers, some were
millers. All were treated alike. It was of the greatest
importance that Canadian flour mills should not be
deprived of a full supply of wheat for grinding. Can-
ada's flour production is of importance second only to
her wheat production when food supplies are considered.
In time of war its importance is greatly increased. The
mills had to be supplied out of the commandeered
wheat, but care had to be taken that the amount under
jmblic ownership was not lessened. So a system was
established wherebj^ fixed releases of quantities of
wheat were made for the supplying of specified mills on
the undertaking of the grantees to replace the wheat
secured by equal quantities of fresh wheat from the
West. Like measures had to be resorted to in order
that great shipments of wheat on order by the French
government and other foreign buyers should not be
interfered with. In all, 7,500,000 bushels of wheat
were thus "loaned" by and returned to the government.
The amount of clerical labor involved in these thousands
of transactions, every one of which had to be surround-
ed by all possible safeguards, can be better imagined
than described. Shipment of the government wheat
continued for nine months. No less than fifty ocean
ships were employed and twenty-five others, comman-
deered for the service, were released in order that
private commercial interests might not suffer.

PREPARING FOR PEACE

"In time of peace prepare for war," says the old
adage, and modern phrase-makers have condensed the

Two Years of War

HON. WILLIAM JAMES ROCHE, M.D., LL.D.,
Minister of the Interior

As Viewed From Ottawa

maxim into one word, — "preparedness." The De-
partment of Trade and Commerce accepts "prepared-
ness" as a motto, but turns the old saw round about
and says, "In time of war prepare for peace." While
assisting in many and varied ways to carry the war
to a successful issue for the Allies, the Department is
also deeply concerned in preparations for the post-
bellum period.

The ablest students of economics face the declara-
tion of peace with less equanimity than they faced the
declaration of war. War, the great waster, is the ,
supreme abhorrence of all economists, but war gives
rise to an exultation among the peoples concerned that
makes them equal to almost unlimited efforts and sacri-
fices, while peace, following war, has usually been
marked by conditions of gloom, depression, lack of
enterprise, disorganization and wide-spread suffering.
That Canada may escape so far as may be possible, the
enervation that follows war is the prayer of every
Canadian and the Department of Trade and Commerce
is striving to make that prayer come true.

Chief among the Imperial efforts to evolve means
for commercial and industrial readjustments after the
declaration of peace is the Dominions' Royal Com-
mission. This body is composed of distinguished
representatives of all parts of the Empire and its true
function is to inspect, map out and appraise the re-
sources of all lands under the British flag and to advise
on the best means for their development and the up-
building of the Imperial commercial structure. Having
visited Australasia and South Africa the Commission
commenced its tour of Canada in the early autumn of
1914. Sir George Foster, the representative of Canada
on the Commission, had just commenced to display the
resources of his own Dominion to his Overseas colleagues
when it was decided that, owing to the conditions
arising out of the then newly-commenced war, it was
desirable to postpone the rest of the tour, and the
party dispersed.

It is now seen that the report of this Commission
will be of the greatest value when after-war problems
have to be solved, so the Commission has reassembled,
with additional incentive and new objectives and is
completing its work. The tour of Canada was resumed
in September. The country has been traversed, every
important city visited, every resource and industry
appraised and volumes of expert evidence taken from
leading men in all sections and in all lines of business.
The tour is managed entirely by Trade and ('ommerce
officials, the Deputy Minister, Mr. F. C. T. O'Hara,
being the Commission's Chief Officer for Canada.

Canada's wealth of resource, in forest, field, mine
and sea, her possibilities to accommodate millions of
new people, to produce for the supply of other parts
of the Empire such vast volumes of varied wares that
her present export trade will be dwarfed by comparison,
have now been displayed to this august body and
Canada will surely profit greatly by their counsel in the
after-war adjustments.

While the Dominions Royal Commission is thus
surveying the Empire, Canada is conducting a more
minute survey of her own commercial and industrial
.situation. An industrial census has been taken and Sir
George Foster has issued a ' Call to Action" in which he
summons the forces of the Canadian business world

to save the Dominion from commercial disaster fol-
lowing the war. The captains of industry are to meet
and present their ideas of what Canada should do when
the world "plunges into peace." This unique gather-
ing has enormous possibilities. The plans and recom-
mendations that it may evolve will be the condensed
business wisdom of the whole Dominion. Parliament
will doubtless defer greatly to its findings and the
Department of Trade and Commerce, which has the
direction of the conference, will naturally be charged
r with the carrying out of the enterprises to which it
gives birth.

A TOY FAIR

Already the Department has seized upon one op-
portunity to develop practically a new Canadian in-
dustry, viz.: toy manufacture. The nurseries of the
world have been flooded for a decade with toys of
Austrian and German make, but Canadian children
shall no longer learn to spell from the trade stamp
"Made in Germany." Recently the Department held
in Toronto a "Toy Fair" where samples of toys hereto-
fore imported from enemy countries were displayed and
the possibilities of Canadian production taken up with
Canadian manufacturers. The idea has taken hold and
is developing along practical lines. Not only is the
home market to be supplied but importers in other
British colonies have begun to inquire for Canadian-
made toys.

ENEMIES' SAMPLES

There have also been held in Montreal and
Toronto exhibitions of samples of goods produced in
enemy countries for export trade. These displays
were visited and their articles examined by thousands
of Canadian manufacturers who thus obtained valuable
information as to just what the foreign markets call
for and what the German manufacturer has been sup-
plying them with. More than eight thousand articles
were displayed.

THE CENSUS

The Census and Statistics branch of the Depart-
ment, while not directly charged with the carrying out
of "war work," has been called upon for .special services
arising' out of the war. Numerous inquiries as • to
resources and other matters concerning Canada have
been answered from the vast fund of statistics availal)le
in this branch. The quinquennial census of the
Western provinces, taken in 1916, afforded a valuable
survey of conditions existing there in the second year
of the war, while a special compilation of statistics
from the Dominion census of 1911 set forth in concise
form the country's resources of man-power and the
classification of the people by national origins. A
special industrial census of the Dominion has also been
taken since the war began.

A SUMMARY

This article can give but a summary view of the
war work carried on by the Department of Trade and
Commerce. A closer and more detailed description
would require an amount of space impossible to devote
to it in the present work. That the department has

Two Years of War

HON. J. A. LOUGHEED, K.C.,
Minister Without Portfolio

As Viewed From Ottawa

saved Canadian industry from misfortune, has pre-
vented a disastrous obstruction of the flow of wheat
from the west, has fed the loyal followers of Botha,
has comforted the French soldier in his bivouac, has
clothed the descendants of Garibaldi's "red-shirts"
now fighting for "Italia irridenta," has been the
vehicle of the benevolence of Canada and Ontario to
the Motherland and is now striving to pierce the veil
of the future and to prepare C'anada for the stress of
days to come — all this and more is surely no small claim
to credit as having a part in the "war work" of the
Canadian Government.

The Department of the Interior

THE Department of the Interior might be said to
be one of the most peaceful divisions of the
government service, for, although it is one of
the largest departments of the Civil Service it has had
very little war work to do. It has looked after Do-
minion parks, forestry, water powers, townsites, lands
and land patents, timber and grazing rights, seed grain,
mining rights, land surveys, observatories, immigration
and the numerous other duties for which it is respons-
ible during the time of war as it did in the years of
peace, and, though expansion of work has been checked
by the government's general policy of retrenchment,
nothing that was of real and immediate need for the
development of the country has been neglected. Lands
have been laid out and allotted to settlers, the home-
steaders who have completed their duties have re-
ceived their patents, the multitudinous affairs and
problems arising out of the settlement of a vast new
land have been carefully handled and the untroubled
peace and prosperity that have reigned in the wheat-
belt and beyond, since the war broke out, may be
regarded as in no small measure due to the unvaried
activities and services to settlers of the various branch-
es of the Department of the Interior.

Passing mention may be made of an internal eco-
nomic arrangement of the Department that is not
generally understood. The general public may assume
that because the immigration to ('anada has been small
since 1914, the men of the large Immigration Branch
have had nothing to do. On the contrary, they have
been fully employed.

It will be remembered that, on the occasion of the
failure of the wheat crop in certain sections of the
West a few >ears ago, the Government purchased and
distributed to .settlers millions of bushels of seed wheat
in order to assure that the largest possible area might
be seeded for the next crop. For seed, and in special
relief work about $12,000,000 was expended. The
poor settlers, hard-hit by the failure of the crop, could
not pay for the wheat, so the Government took their
promises for it, and, to make all .secure, made the price
of the wheat a charge against the land. Thousands of
settlers who received this assistance have not repaid
the Government yet. In fact, about 19,000,000 re-
mains outstanding and these debts take a lot of looking
after. The homesteader who has completed his duties
but hasn't paid for his seed wheat can't be given a
patent until he does so (and it is the responsibility of

the Land Patents Branch to see that he doesn't
get one). However, a large part of the seed grain
work has been handled by men from the Immigration
Branch, drafted into the temporary Seed Grain Branch.
Employment of a large staff of extra clerks has thus
been avoided.

The outside division of the Immigration service
has done some real, and very important, war work.
The hundreds of thousands of alien-born persons in
the Dominion have constituted a great care to the
government during the war Enemy reservists among
them must be prevented from escaping to fight against
us, open disloyalty and disturbances in the country
must be prevented, and despatch of contraband goods
to enemy countries must be prevented The officers of
the Immigration service, because of their knowledge of
these people, have been able to give invaluable assist-
ance to the military, police and internment branches,
while the inspectors at ports and on the International
border have frustrated numerous attempts of German
and Austrian reservists to join the armies of their
countries. This is another phase of "war work" that
cannot be discussed in detail until the war is over.

Quite recently the Immigration service was charged
with the responsibility of defending Canada from a new
and horrible device of her enemies, viz., the introduction
of the dreaded foot-and-mouth disease by means of
germ cultures conveyed by pseudo immigrants.

The Department of Indian Affairs

THE great war has written a new and inspiring
chapter in the history of the Indians of Canada.
They, once the sole owners and rulers of the
territories now comprising the vast Dominion, now
the wards of the intruding white man, have proved
anew their true allegiance to the Great White Father
across the Big Salt Water. Perhaps more truly than
the whites have these red-skinned Canadians done
their part. Where can be found a community of the
ruling race that has had to be restrained from making
a proposed patriotic contribution because it was greater
than could be afforded? Yet this has been the case
with more than one band of Redmen.

The Department of Indian Affairs conducts the
business of the Indians of Canada with a conscientious
care that is little known and, consequently, not fully
appreciated by the general pubhc. The Civilian
sought to secure a story of the work of the Department
during the war, but received instead an account of the
work of the Indians, with mere references to the en-
listments and patriotic contributions of members of
the Departmental staff. These latter are dealt with
in other sections of this book.

The officers of the Department appear to have
greater care for the credit of the Indians than for their
own.

In reading the account which follows of the doings
of the Indians fluring the war, the reader must
bear in mind that the Indians have acted throughout
with the advice and under the watchful supervision of
the officers of the Department, and that the splendid
showing of Indian enlistments is in a large measure

Two Years of War

V s\

HON. C. J. DOHERTY, K.C., D.C.L, LL.D.
M:nisteb of Justice

As Viewed From Ottawa

due to the efforts of a member of the staff, — himself of
the Indian race, — who has visited many of the re-
serves and told the braves in their own tongue of the
great war and the part they could take in it.

The record of the Indians in the present war con-
stitutes an eloquent tribute to the loyalty and patriot-
ism of the Canadian aborigines. Their contributions
to Patriotic, Red Cross and other war funds so far
total $14,429. In addition to this, sums amounting
to $10,250 have been offered, which the Department
has refused to sanction, as the bands in question were
unable to afford the outlay.

About 1200 Indians have enlisted. Nearly one-half
of the strength of the 114th Battalion, "Haldimand
Rifles," has been recruited from the Indian reserves
of Eastern Ontario; the 52nd, popularly known as the
"Bull Moose Battahon", has 65 Indian members.
In the Bruce Battalion there are 65 Indians from the
Cape Croker reserve alone, where the total male
population between the ages of 21 and 65 is only 108.
Eighty Indians were recruited from the remote Hud-
son's Bay districts. The figures of Indian enhstment
by provinces are as follows :

Ontario 862

Quebec 101

Manitoba 89

Saskatchewan 57

Prince Edward Island 24

British Columbia 17

Nova Scotia 14

New Brunswick 12

Alberta 9

Yukon 2

Total 1,187

Of this number eight are commissioned officers.

A number of Indians have met death in action and
several are prisoners of war in Germany. Among
those killed at the battle of Ypres was Lieutenant
Cameron D. Brant, a great-great-grandson of the
famous Captain Joseph Brant, who rendered such
valuable services to the British cause in the Revolu-
tionary War, and whose son. Captain John Brant, led
the Indians at Qucenston Heights.

The Indians excel at sharp-shooting and many of
them have splendid records in this branch of the service.

The following excerpt from a letter written from
France to an official of the Department by a member of
the 8th Battalion gives an interesting account of the
exploits of some of these Indian snipers:

"When I came to the Eighth there were three
Indians doing active service, namely: McDonald, of
Winnipeg, who was an Iroquois, Paddy Riel, of Port
Arthur, a grandson of Louis Riel, and Ballantync, also
of Winnipeg.

"These men enlisted as privates and worked in
their companies as such for some time after they came
to France.

"Then it suddenly dawned on some official that a
sniper's detachment to the battalion might be a good
idea, and such was formed. And these three Indians
were detached as part of this scheme, and I can say

without fear of any denial that they far outclassed the
white men at this class of work. They were imbued
with the Indian patience, and for hours they would
stalk an enemy until finally the man would fall a vic-
tim to their unerring aim, and another notch would
be cut in the stock of his rifle. When Paddy Riel
gave up his life for his country, some 38 notches were
counted on the rifle butt. On Macdonald's there
were over forty. Ballantyne still remains to avenge
the death of his companions, and, should he be spared,
many of the enemy will be placed hors de combat, as
by his unerring aim he became known, the battalion
over, as one of the greatest foes that the Kaiser has
along the whole Canadian lines. He has accounted
for over 50 of the enemy since he was assigned to the
position of sniper.

"Paddy Riel was killed by a shell in the trenches,
and Macdonald met his death while going out of the
trenches on the road, also by shell fire.

"And when these two Indians departed this life
like true soldiers of their King, perhaps never was such a
genuine regret noticed amongst the men of the Eighth.
Here at the front the Indians and the white man are on
the same plane, no distinction being made. In fact,
if any favouritism was noticed, the Indian lads seemed
to get a shade the better of it. The officers every-
where realized the great work these boys were carrying
on, and consequently the red men were given just a
little more freedom than their white brethren. And no
one of the Eighth felt any reason to complain, as all
were certain that the men earned their special favours.
By their diligence they kept the German sniper down,
and therefore saved our men many anxious moments.
It is claimed that these men helped to demoralize the
whole German sniping system by their method of at-
tack. They were free agents, and their manner .of
baifiing the Germans was effective. By means of
sandbags they would build up a position for their
concealment and behind these they would remain
sometimes for over an hour, awaiting the time when
the Hun would arrive at his sniping post. And even
then the red man's rifle would not bark out. He would
await the time when the German, out of too much
confidence, would show a little more of his body, so as
to make a blotter mark. And then the Indian would
be all action, and ere the German scented danger a
bullet would have pierced him.

"And you could realize that this work by the
Indians proved of enormous value to the army. It
was not long until these men came to be known
throughout the whole division. Officers of every rank
were proud to talk to them, and only a few days before
the death of these Canadian heroes, Brigadier-General
Lipsett went through the trenches, and in almost every
trench he asked after these men, and when finally he
came across them, he stopped to chat. And for over
half an hour he talked to these red men of Western
Canada on general topics, and the boys were proud.
And to demonstrate just what familiarity existed
between the officers and men, one had to be close at
hand to witness. "Paddy" was stroking the general
on the shoulder at one moment, and the next he was
hitting the leader on the back and saying 'good fellow.'

"When the news of the death of these men was
conveyed to the officer, he was greatly concerned, and

Two Years of War

he evinced the fact that Canada had lost two great
men. He attended the funerals of both men, as did
also Colonel Matthews and other officers of the Eighth.
These men were honoured to be able to do homage to
such men. "

The Indian women are also "doing their bit".
They take an active part in Red Cross activities and
knit socks and mufflers for the soldiers.

The Dominion Police

LAW and good order are so much the jirevailing
condition in Canada that the public has come
to have an impression that a remarkable free-
dom from crime or disturlmnce is an inherent character-
istic of the Dominion. So, perhaps, it is. Canadians
are a people given to common honesty and the observ-
ance of their laws. But can it lie supposed for a

COL. SIR PERCY SHERWOOD
Chief Commissioner ov Police fob Canada

moment that a great, rich, sparsely-populated land,
in which any one can move about at will without pass-
port or question, and having a wide, open border upon
another land of personal freedom would not be the
happy hunting ground for the social enemies of all the
world if there were not some efficient restraining force
in existence? Surely it would, — but that force exists.
It is the Dominion Police.

Canadians read many books alleged to be descrip-
tive of the efficiency and achievements of the secret
services of other countries but remain largely unaware
that Canada has an establishment of like character

that is second to none in the thoroughness with which
it discharges the duties assigned to it. What these
duties ordinarily are and how and by whom they are
carried out has been told in a former special issue of
The Civilian, to which the present reader is referred.
The war brought to the Dominion Police a multitude
of new problems and new responsibilities, — problems
with which the force has grappled with unvarying suc-
cess, and responsibilities that were in no instance mis-
placed. Canada, during the first two years of the war,
has enjoyed a freedom from ordinary crime almost un-
precedented in her history, while the incidents of
violence and disturbance traceable to a state of bel-
ligerency have been few and trifling. A neutral
country has suffered a hundred-fold more crime arising
out of the war than has Canada, a full participant in
the struggle. Has all this been mere luck? The in-
telligent reader will have his own answer.

Police work at any time and of any sort is neces-
sarily of confidential character and the work of the
Dominion Police during the war is especially secret.
It is, however, possible to discuss certain of the divisions
of the work that the force is carrying on, though of
means and methods there can be no mention.

One of the very important undertakings, and one
that had to be undertaken and carried out very quickly
at the commencement of the war, was that of the regis-
tration, parole and internment of subjects of enemy
countries then in Canada. Any observant person
living at any border point during the late summer and
early autumn of 1914 knows what a task this was.
Thousands of army reservists and other enemy aliens
sought to escape to the United States but very few got
through the police net. Of course the police alone
were not able to carry out the work of stopping this
very dangerous exodus. Under special powers con-
ferred by Order-in-Council, the Chief Commissioner of
Police employed as auxiliaries of his own force the
Immigration and Customs officers at scores of border
ports and the services rendered by them were of the
most valuable character.

The aliens, who sought to escape from Canada were
only a small percentage of those in the country who
liacl to be looked after. Regulations required them to
register antl report at intervals while those who were
considered to be dangerous to the peace of the country
were taken into cu.stody. To-day the number of
persons so registering and reporting to officials at inter-
vals is nearly eighty thousand while seven thousand
others are interned at Fort Henry in Kingston and
other camps and places of detention. The figures are
eloquent of the amount of work done in this regard,
but only those who understand the wily character and
immense determination of the active enemy alien can
have any idea of what the police and their auxiliaries
have had to contend with.

Another sort of enemy alien activity with which the
police have coped is the sending X)i money to enemy
countries. Just how the police get their clues to this
practice is a mystery to the layman but it is common
knowledge that there have been numerous prosecutions
and convictions of offenders against the regulation
making it an offense.

Prosecution of persons trading with the enemy is
another duty of the police and in detecting and securing

As Viewed From Ottawa

l)unishment for this practice they have been highly
successful.

Hundreds of enemy aliens resident in Canada and
desiring to be freed of the stigma of their nationality
have applied for naturalization since the war began
and the Dominion Police have been required to make
numerous and exhaustive inquiries into the characters
and records of these persons before their applications
were taken up by the naturalization courts.

Mails, cables and land-telegraphs have been under
censorship since the outbreak of the war and from these
sources have arisen hundreds, — perhaps thousands, —
of cases of great difficulty for investigation by the
police.

Wireless telegraphy was a new problem of this war.
The Government of Canada decided to close all but a
few stations and to take those under its own operation
or control. Many minor government stations were
closed and private stations were rigidly suppressed.
These private stations were numerous, unregistered
and hard to locate, and it was the duty of the Dominion
Police to find them and put them out of business.

Government buildings, grain elevators, important
railway bridges, tunnels and culverts; canal locks and
dams; active wireless stations and numerous other
properties have been carefully guarded from harm and
while the military and private guards have done a
great deal of such \vork the whole guard system has
been the responsibilitj'' of the Dominion police.

In connection with every one of these services, the
pohce have been deluged with complaints, suspicions,
reports and demands for action. Letters, telegrams,
telephone and verbal messages by the thousand have
been received. Many were well founded, many were
sheer nonsense, not a few were anonymous, — but the
police had to look into every one that seemed to have
any foundation of fact, for any one might hold a clue
of importance. Suspicious citizens have denounced
secret service men as spies and loyal and innocent per-
sons have been secretly complained against for purposes
of spite. The problems of the police have been
bewildering by their number and complexity and would
have driven to distraction any but a thoroughly trained
and organized force.

The whole responsibility of this enormous work for
the protection of Canada rests upon one man — Colonel
Sir Percy Sherwood, Chief Commissioner of Police.
Only those immediately associated with him in his days
and nights of unremitting labour have any compre-
hension of what this official has accomplished during
the more than two years that has elapsed since the war
began. And yet, when a visitor enters his office. Sir
Percy greets him with a smile and listens to what he has
to say with courtesy and close attention.

One man there is, outside the police staff, who knows
what Sir Percy has done — and that man is H.R.H. the
Duke of Connaught. It was when he was retiring from
the position of Governor-General that the honour of
knighthood was conferred upon Sir Percy and it was
well understood to be merely the token of His Royal
Highness' appreciation and approval. At the same
time a medal for meritorious public service was con-
ferred upon Inspector Parkinson who has immediate
charge of the secret service branch of Dominion PoHce
work.

The foregoing is merely an index to the work of the
work of the Dominion Police during the war. The full
story will never be written. As years pass on the public
will learn a little, — just a little, — more about it. Some
amazing records lie snug in the steel vaults of the East
Block in Ottawa, but other facts are recorded only in
the memories of the men of the force, — never to be told
nor ever written.

The Royal North- West Mounted Police

IN 1911 there were in the two provinces of Alberta
and Saskatchewan alone, more than a hundred
and seventy thousand persons of German or
Austro-Hungarian origin. They were scattered over
the half-million square miles of territory included in
the young "Prairie Sisters," in urban and suburban
communities or on isolated farms. In some localities
they were mixed with the people of British origin, in
others they were segregated by their own choice. Five
hundred of them more were scattered in the Territories
and the Yukon. In 1914 they were probably somewhat
more numerous than in 1911 when the official census,
from which the above figures are quoted, was taken.
Every one of these persons of alien enemy origin
became a potential enemy when the Central Powers
commenced the war in August, 1914. No doubt
thousands of these immigrants were trulj' loyal to the
land and flag of their adoption and thousands more,
while not of British sympathies, would not do anything
to injure or disturb the country in which thej^ had
found opportunities for advancement that their native
lands could never offer. But there were, also, hundreds,
perhaps thousands, of German and Austrian army re-
servists and others who were intensely loyal to their
own countries and who saw it their duty to go home to
fight or to aid the Austro-German cause by hampering
the work of Canada and Britain. Such a leaven ren-
dered the presence of the great number of aliens a very
real source of danger to Canada, yet this danger has
caused no anxiety, has developed no trouble and has
been so little heard of that most Canadians have for-
gotten it.

Why?

Because of the Royal North West Mounted Police.

This famous force, in process of gradual reduction,
was down to a strength of 700 men in 1914. Immedi-
ately steps were taken to recruit it up to 1200 men and
this was successfully accomplished, though it was not
easy to get prime men for home police work when the
bugles were calling "mount and away" for service
overseas. Another obstacle to police recruiting was
the inflexible rule that no Mounted Police men would
be allowed to join overseas units. This rule was
necessary in order to keep the force intact and efficient
to face any crisis that might develop at home, but it
caused bitter heart-burnings and deep dissatisfaction
to the men of the organization which furnished so many
splendid squadrons for the contingents that went to
South Africa in 1899-1900. Against these considera-
tions were balanced the fame of the force, — the glamour
of their history and tradition, — and the attraction was
sufficient to draw recruits in the numbers desired.

Two Years of Wak

HON. SIR GEORGE H. PERLEY, K.C.M.G., B.A.

Minister Without Portfolio

Acting High Commissioner fob Canada in London, England, Overseas Minister op Militia.

As Viewed From Ottawa

Two years have passed. If the Western German
plotted, he did so in vain. The pubHc has heard of
the Ijridhng of certain noisy little newspapers and of
the suppression of a seditious school-teacher or two,
but the disturbances in the West have not been any
more serious than a cowboys' round-up celebration or
the spending of a year's treaty-money by a band of
Indians. Perhaps a few suspicious characters have
been corralled in internment camps or laid by the heels
as they slipped away across the border, — but the
"Riders of the Plains" are silent men. Little is said
of what they have done.

How does it come to pass that this insignificant
force of mounted constabulary can "hold down" a
vast and what would in any other new country
almost surely be a disturbed and unsafe region?

The story is a long one. A couple of books have
been made of it, but much remains untold. An inci-
dent each of the early, the middle, and the later history
of Western Canada may illustrate:

Piapot was a Sioux, but he was chief of a band of
Crees. That combination would make the devotee of
Wild-WVst romances smell blood. Away back in the
late 'seventies Piapot heard that a gang of men was
working across the plains, staking out the right-of-way
for that mysterious thing, a railroad. The aborigines
of the jjlains to the South had suffered much from
railroad aggressions and Pia]5ot determined that no
railroad should vex the freedom of the Canadian
prairies. So he and his braves, with their squaws,
jjapooses, ponies and dogs pulled up stakes and moved
down to the line of the survey and there set up a
new village.

On came the engineers. Piapot's village was right
in their way. They told him to move, but he didn't.
They coaxed, but he was obdurate. They explained,
but he could not understand. They threatened and
he scowled. Then they sent word to the nearest
Mounted Police post.

A sergeant and one constable were sent to move
that tribe of near-hostiles out of the way of the rail-
road !

Into the midst of the camp rode the two red-coats
and were instantly surrounded by a throng of l)raves,
each wrapped in his blanket. Now, a disgruntled
Indian in a blanket is dangerous, for the chances are
ten to one that the blanket covers his rifle and hatchet.

The sergeant called Piapot before him. He ex-
plained, coaxed and ordered, as the engineers had
done, and to equal lack of effect. Then he took out
his watch. "I'll give you three minutes to move,"
said he.

The chief and his braves stood unmoved. A
minute was told off. No motion. Two minutes.
No change. Three minutes!

The .sergeant snapped his watch shut and dropped
it into his jjocket. He tossed his rein to the constable
and dismounted, — a speck of red tunic in a .sea of
dirty blankets. Up to Piapot's own lodge he strode.
Smash ! He kicked out the king-pole and the tepee
came down in a tangle of sticks and .skins. On to the
next lodge he went. Biff! It was in ruins. To the
third, — and down it wont.

No more was needed. Piapot gave a yell, the
liraves scattered, the whole village came to the ground,

ponies were loaded, papooses collected, kettles packed,
and in a trice Piapot and all his Crees were in full
retreat !

The C.P.R. marched on.

Here's another true story:

One of those peculiar productions of old times in the
West known as a "bad man" crossed from his usual
stamping-ground south of the international border
and located himself in a little Manitolia settlement.
His reputation had gone before him and his manner
showed that he was disposed to live up to it wherever
he went. For a time he lorded it over the terrified
community, backing up his assumption of sway by the
usual display of six-shooters.

But word had been sent to the nearest Mounted
Police post for aid and a lone constable arrived on the
scene. The "bad man" was holding forth in a saloon
when the policeman located him. The officer would
have been quite justified in "covering" the quarrj^
with his own weapon or in using other forceful means
to accomplish an arrest, but that is not the Mounted
Pohce way. The constable merely went up to his man
and notified him that he was under arrest. Then
began the livehest time in the history of the settlement.
From one end of the bar-room to the other it raged, —
policeman and prisoner locked in each other's grip, the
one unable and the other unwilling to use a weapon.
Now on foot, now rough-and-tumble, now one upper-
most, now the other, — the fight wavered between man
and man. But in such struggles determination has
the advantage over bullying and at last a tattered and
dishevelled constable led an exhausted and hand-
cuffed prisoner away to the barracks guard-room. Not
a shot had been fired.

A very recent illustration of a still different phase of
Mounted Police work was the capture of two Eskimo
murderers in the Arctic regions in the summer of 1916.
Word was received at one of the remote posts that an
Eskimo wearing the cassock of a Roman Catholic
priest had visited an exploring party from the Stefan-
sson expedition at the Coppermine River. Inquiries
were made and clues carefully followed up in the drear
region of ice and island that borders the Canadian
mainland on the north, and it was at length made
definite that two Roman Catholic missionary priests
who had been working among the Eskimos had gone
on a journey with two of the natives and had never
been heard of afterwards. To find the two natives
was the task. In Victoria Land, hundreds of miles
from the place where he was last reported, one of the
murderers was taken into custody and his confession
made the whole horrible story clear and implicated his
fellow in the crime. The second arrest was more
easily accomplished. Three years had elapsed between
the commission of the nmrders and the capture of the
perpetrators. They are now at Herschell Island police
l)ost awaiting trial.

By such accomplishments as these have the Mount-
ed Police established an ascendancy over the people of
myriad races and characters who inhabit the new lands
of the West. The honest, peaceful settler knows the
Mounted Policeman as his l)est and truest friend and
the dishonest or turbulent know him to be a relentless,
though just, enforcer of the law. From the Lake Mani-

Two Years of War

HON. T. W. CROTHERS, K.C., B.A.
Minister op Labour

As Viewed From Ottswa

toba to the Yukon it is an accepted axiom that if one
sins the Mounted Police will get him, sure.

So it has come to pass that the red-coated "riders
of the plains" have, without noise or disturbance,
without visible special effort, kept in peace, securitj''
and prosperity those borderlands of settlement that,
under other conditions, might have been the source of
serious trouble to the government during the dangerous
days of war. So secure is the peace of the prairies now
that the force has been allowed to diminish to Httle
more than its strength just before the war.

Truly, the Mounted Police are a "Royal" force.

It may be thought by some that this world-famous
pohce body cannot be properly described as being a
section of the Civil Service. Yet such it is. The
Royal North West Mounted Police is a regular depart-
ment of the Government service in Ottawa, the Comp-
troller having the rank of Deputy Head. An Ottawa
staff handles the accounting and clerical work of the
Department. Further, the Commissioner, two As-
sistant Commissioners, fourteen Superintendents and
forty-one Inspectors, — the officers commanding posts
and detachments and directing the actual work of the
force are all civil servants and are listed in the official
Civil Service List. The Civil Service is proud to
claim the Royal North West Mounted Police as a
part of itself.

The Public Archives

HISTORIES of wars have usually been compiled
from information gathered after the contests
were ended. Very often a long period elapsed
before the work was taken up seriously and in the inter-
val a large proportion of the most valuable data was
lost. Histories of wars have very commonly been written
by intense partizans of one side or the other. Some
works of this class show the deliberate intention of the
writer to favour one side by the suppression of certain
facts and the giving of disproportionate prominence to
others; while other writers, though they have striven
to be fair and to give the facts of both sides fully and
honestly, have nevertheless been unable to entirely
avoid all evidence of bias.

Even those histories which do not aim to give
general accounts of the wars with which they treat,
but only to record the achievements of one army, or a
division of an army, have suffered from the same causes.
The contradictions, arguments, disputes and bitterness
which have followed the greater number of such publi-
cations are familiar to everyone. Perhaps no historian
who ever wrote has entirely escaped the charge of
favouritism. A pessimistic student of history has
declared that there are no honest historians.

No one who has ever had the slightest experience
in historical research but has had cause to deeply
lament the incompleteness of the material available.
Dry, methodical official records of the movements of
armies are poor material out of which to build a war
story with the human interest that alone appeals to
the reading public, and if the historian supplements
.such material with that which he may gather from
«hance private sources, or lends a credulous ear to

tradition, his chances of turning out a balanced and
reliable work are greatly imperilled.

All of which merely demonstrates the great import-
ance of the fact that Canada is to have an official
history of her participation in the greatest war the world
ever saw, prepared from data gathered during the
actual i)rogress of the struggle and giving only the in-
disputable facts regarding every phase and event from
the mobilization at Valcartier in August, 1914, "till
the boys come home."

This great work is entrusted to Dr. Arthur G.
Doughty, a historian of note and Deputy Minister of
the IDepartment of the Public Archives.

The preparation of official histories at the expense
and direction of governments is not altogether a new
thing, but never before was such a work undertaken
with the thoroughness and earnestness that is being
devoted to Canada's history of her part in this struggle.
Not only is every possible Canadian, British and French
official record to l)e searched, every report of an official
or unofficial observer, correspondent or eye-witness
examined and the story of every man who has been in
a position to have speciallj' important information
recorded, but the photograph, the cinematograph and
the photostat process are all being impressed for the
work. Further, the nucleus has already been made of
a great collection of arms and equipment of all sorts
used in the war, so that future generations in studying
the history of the struggle will have, not only the
written words of participants, observers and recorders
and the pictures of places and events to instruct them,
but may also examine the arms, uniforms, equipment
and ordnance used by the contending armies.

Dr. Doughty, who is an honorary major of the
Canadian Militia, has been to England and France and
at the battle-front and has set at work the various
agencies necessary to the carrying out of the great
work entrusted to him. The ('anadian War Records
Office in London will carry on much of the work under
the direction of Sir Max Aitkin.

Few people have any idea of the magnitude of the
work under the direction of that office or of the great
benefit that Canada will derive therefrom. Extra-
ordinary efforts and determination under war conditions
in England and in France have been necessary to ac-
complish the object of its director. Yet it is a most
desirable work, for it is evident that the people of
Canada will demand an account of the manner in
which our troops acquitted themselves, and of the
vast organization that has been brought into play, for
their equipment, maintenance and welfare. ' The
manifold activities of this office will result in a record of
the war such as has never been obtained of any other
event in our history. For when this record in all it.'<
parts is assembled, all that one may wish to know —
from the badge of a battalion to the death struggle with
the enemy — from the enhstment of the soldier to his
victorious return — will be forever available to the
Canadian people.

We have seen our battalions in their camps and M'o
have seen them depart for overseas, but it is only when
one beholds the troops from all parts of Canada assem-
bled in Europe and the organizations in connection with
them that one realizes how vast our undertaking is.

Two Years of Wak

Few, of course, have such an opportunity, but the
record which Sir Max Aitkin is forming will contain the
detail as well as the complete story of our participation.
In it is recorded the daily movement of each unit from
the moment of its arrival in England, whether in the
training camp, on the battlefield, in the hospital or
convalescent home, in fact any place where orders may
have taken it. To tell how all this has been accom-
plished would in itself form a story. The historian,
the photographer, the artist, the aero-photographer,
the cinematographer, the scout, the "listening-post,"
the survivor, and even the enemy prisoner, have con-
tributed towards this unique record.

This work must be done now and Canada has
wisely decided to undertake it while it is possible to
make it complete. For it is quite certain that she will
be called upon sooner or later to provide a record even
if it fall short of one formed while the events were being
enacted. Moreover, by carrying out the project now,
while every agency is available, Canada is in a position
to obtain, at a comparatively small outlay, results
which even a lavish expenditure a few years later
could not secure. The future historical enquirer and
the Canadian of to-morrow will turn with pride to the

achievement of the Canadian War Records Office,,
for therein is enshrined the momento of so much of
their glory and their sacrifice in the cause of humanity.

The museum cannot, of course, be formed for some
time, although there is already a large collection of
trophies in Ottawa. Sir Maxwell Aitken with the
assistance of Mr. Bonar Law, Mr. Lloyd George and
General Hughes has prepared a very extensive col-
lection of trophies for Canada. The British government
has given the Canadian Record Office all original war
diaries, aerial photographs and cinematograph pictures
of the Canadians in action; and His Majesty the King
has been pleased to present to our museum one of the
machine guns captured by the Canadians at Ypres.

In Paris the French archives are yielding data for
Canada's history and in the Militia Department at
Ottawa, as well as in every Canadian camp or mobihza-
tion centre in Canada, England or France the work of
record is going on.

The undertaking is an enormous one but the results
obtainable are of incalculable value and as long as
Canada remains a nation successive generations will
give praise and gratitude to those who saved for them
the story of their country's part in The Great War.

Blood Drops of Heroes

By Wilfred Campbell

(Wilfred Campbell, LL.D., F.R.S.C, of the staff of the Public Archives, is Canada's premier poet and is, as well,
noted as a dramatist, essayist, critic and novelist. His pen has been long devoted to Canada, to the delineation of her scenic
wonders, to the revivifying of her historic traditions and to the discussion of her social and ethical problems. Dr. Campbell
has earnestly engaged in the advancement of Canada's part in the war and the poem here given is one of his latest productions.)

When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold,

And the vines are like blood on the wall;
I dream of the faces, all pallid and cold,

Of our great ones who answered the call ;
Like the bright autumn leaves.
Or the rich, garnered sheaves,
Our truest, our greatest, our all; —
For my heart beats in Belgium, or far France's wold,
When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold.

When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold,

I sec but the beauty of God; — •
Not the small ways of men and the mean faiths they hold,
Like the blind worm under the clod; —
But the brave and the true,
Who knew but to do.
Like those glorious banners of God,
Arrayed on His hills, or at rest on His mold,
When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold.

Kilmorie House, Ottawa.

When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold,

There's another dread harvest afar.
Where our greatest, our truest ones, struggle to hold
Back the modern world's Juggernaut car; —
And my heart only sees.
In the pageant of trees,
That horrible pageant -of war.
Where God's men for righteousness strive as of old;-
When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold.

When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold.

And the vines are like blood on the wall,
I hear o'er the winds on the wood and the wold,
A bitter, insistent call;

'Tis the cry of our slain,
Appealing, in vain,
For help, where the brave souls fall;
And its tragic demand doth the whole world hold,
When the woods at Kilmorie are scarlet and gold.

As Viewed From Ottawa

The War Work of Civil Service Organizations

CIVIL SERVICE organizations may be described
as belonging to four classes: 1st, Local organiza-
tions; 2nd, Class or departmental organiza-
tions; 3rd, The Dominion-wide organization and,
4th, organizations on special lines. The largest unit
of the first class is the Civil Service Association of
Ottawa, which includes all departments and classes of
Federal employees at the Capital except those in local
services, such as the city post office and customs house.
To this class also belong the local organizations of
customs, ijostal and other employees in Ottawa and
outside cities. An example of the second class is the
Dominion Postal Clerks' Association, which includes all
the local postal clerks' organizations in the West and
some in the East. The Dominion-wide organization
constituting the third class is the Civil Service Federa-
tion of C'anada. This is made up of the Ottawa and
other independent local organizations, while the Postal
Clerks Association comes in as a unit. In a class by
itself is the Women's Branch of the Ottawa Associa-
tion which is an integral part of that organization, yet
assumes duties and responsibilities of special character,
which it does not share with the others.

To the reader who may not be conversant with in-
ternal conditions in the Civil Service this form of
organization might appear to be disproportionate in
some respects, but it is the natural outgrowth of cir-
cumstances, and, as such, is more successfully carried
on than any more formal and less flexible scheme could
be. It has been well tested and proved to be thorough-
ly good in connection with the war activities of the
Civil Service of Canada.

That the "war work" of these organizations has
been of great importance to the country is demonstrated
in the following article. C'ontributions secured to
Patri(jtic and other funds may lie measured in dollars,
but the tremendous influence wielded by the organiza-
tions for the stimulating of recruiting and patriotic
work generally is beyond all powers of estimate or
computation. The esprit de corpii of the Civil Service
has a local as well as a national side and this leads to a
generous rivalry between organizations and cities as to
which can do most to help Canada and the Empire in
this war. Great as is the sum of the general under-
takings, the aggregate of unrecorded local efforts would
probably be still greater.

During the first year of the war civil service organ-
izations did not take up recruiting work officially.
Civil servants were enlisting in such large numbers
that there was no need of any action, along that line.
In the second year of the war the recruiting problem
reached a new phase in every part of ('anada and the
civil service organizations took it up seriously. Most
of the work along this line has been done in Ottawa by
the local organization. A sub-committee of the

Executive committee has the work in charge and has
gathered much valuable data, has assisted in the can-
vassing of the departments and in other ways. No re-
cord of results is attempted, nor, indeed, is any possible
to prepare. Men drop the pen and seize the rifle.
Who can say whether the propaganda of the associa-
tion inspired them to that action or not? Suffice it
that the enlistment of civil servants in the overseas
forces goes on unceasingly and that the civil service
organizations stand pledged to the proposition that
every able and free man who can possibly be spared
from civil duties should join the army.

The enthusiasm with which the Civil Service re-
sponded to the call for contributions to the Patriotic,
Red Cross, and other war funds was responsible for
the fact that it is impossible to calculate the full
amounts contributed. When local fimds for various
patriotic purposes were started in cities and towns all
over the Dominion during the first few weeks of the
war. Postal, Customs, Inland Revenue and other
Dominion employees immediately subscribed, either
as individuals or through local civil service organiza-
tions; and so it happened that when the general appeal
of the Civil Service Federation went out, the field had
already been covered to some extent. Reports came in
from scores of places that contributions already made
could not be changed. Some civil servants had
pledged contributions for years and some foi the
duration of the war. Some were giving to one fund
and some to another. Some gave "a day's pay,"
others a percentage off each month's pay. In the
aggregate, such scattered contributions represented a
very large sum, — a sum fully proportionate to the
whole amount raised for patriotic purposes in Canada
at that time, — but accurate accounting of it is imposs-
ible. In Ottawa the Service gave "a day's pay" to
the first collection for the Patriotic Fund and sub-
scribed freely to assist Red Cross, ambulance, machine
gun, hospital bed, prisoners of war and other funds.

When the second contribution to the Patriotic
Fund was called for, more of the Outside Service
waited for the Federation's collection and in conse-
quence the contributions were more systematically
arranged and handled. Statistics of this collection
are much fuller than are the records of the first collec-
tion, but the reader must bear in mind that none of the
totals of contributions given in this article are inclusive
of the whole amount actually subscribed to the funds
by civil servants.

For convenience in handling the subject, it may be
well to consider just the two contributions to the
Patriotic Fund, and second, the aid given to Red
Cross, Hospital, Belgian Relief and other funds col-
lected as a means of helping the soldiers or relieving the
distress of those who had suffered by the war.

Two Years of War

Patriotic Fund — First Contribution

AS everybody knows, the war was, for the average
person in Canada, a bolt from the blue. There
had been war scares a-plentj', but a week
before war was dec.ared there were no rumblings
more than usual to indicate that the volcano of Euro-
pean conflict was about to break into the greatest
eruption of history. Canada, a country of peace, was
called upon practically without warning to plunge into
war. The imagination of the ordinarj' man was
stunned by the calamity, and had it not been that wise
and able leaders were to the fore to direct the country's
activities, any proper preparation at first would have
been impossible. The rapidity with which the country
put itself on a war basis, from the head of the army
force and the head of the money force to the humble
woman knitting socks for some unknown soldier to
wear in unconsidered trenches "somewhere in France"
will surely be regarded by the future historian as one of
the marvels of this day of miracles.

so as to make the flow of funds as large as possible.
There are local and class associations of civil servants
everywhere, and these, of course, called meetings and
arranged for collections on various bases.

That generosity, patriotism and good-will outran
thoughtfulness and discretion was natural, of course.
It was seen very early in the war that to alllow every-
body to call upon people to contribute in the name of
patriotism to any cause which might strike him as
worthy, would mean waste, confusion and dissatis-
faction. Therefore, the Canadian Patriotic Fund was
organized under government auspices and an effort
was made to concentrate the power of patriotic en-
thusiasm which was so active, yet, comparatively
speaking, so ineffective.

It is to the credit of the Civil Service of Canada that
they were among the first, if not the very first, of the
great Dominion-wide organizations to make use of their
influence to concentrate the efforts of their people.
The Civil Service Federation of Canada, as has been
explained, is just what its name indicates — a federal

The Originai. Officers of The Princess Patrici.\'s Canadian Light Infantry

It is to the credit of the Civil Service of Canada
that it was not less alert or less active than the rest of
the country. Local contributions were called for
everywhere and small societies connectc^l with churches
and other organizations at once bent their energies to
the collection of money for various purposes. To the.se
good causes, civil servants everywhere responded more
quickly than most people, and with at least equal gen-
erosity. The postmaster of a town, the Collector of
('ustoms, and other Dominion officers are usually
leaders in local movements of every kind outside of
politics, and when the need of money arose on account
of the war these people were among the first to con-
tribute and to organize the givings of the community

body made up of representatives of class and local
associations of civil servants everywhere throughout
the Dominion.

The approval of the Government had to lie gained,
for, as will be seen later, it was pro])osed to use official
machinery for the collection of the money. But,
pressed by the need for early results and trusting to the
greatness of the cause and the essential reasonableness
of their own proposals, the officers of the Federation
went ahead with their plans. In its issue of the 18th
of September, 1914 — (war broke out on the 4th of
August) — The Civilian carried the following an-
nouncement :

As Viewed From Ottawa

" Notice to Outside Service
"The executive of the Civil Service Federation
of Canada proposes to make an appeal to all the
members of the Outside Service in regard to a
contribution of one day's pay to the Canadian
Patriotic Fund. Mr. J. A. Smith, president, and
Mr. George A. Carpenter, vice-president, have ad-
vised the secretary that they approve of the pro-
posal. The secretary will endeavour to make
arrangements with the heads of departments for
the deduction of the amount from the pay cheque
of all who sign an agreement to that effect. If
permission is granted, properly drawn up lists will
be mailed to the secretaries of all existing organiza-
tions. Associations are requested to postpone
action in regard to contribution until a circular is
issued on the sul:)ject by the secretary.

"J. A. Smith,

"President.

F. Grierson,

Secretary."

The formal correspondence asking for the Govern-
ment's approval of the plan proposed was brief.
Secretary Grierson's letter was as follows:

Ottawa, Ont., Sept. 21, 1914.

"Sir, — The organized Civil Service has under-
taken to ask the members of the service, or as
many as may be reached, for the contribution of a
day's pay to the Canachan Patriotic Fund. The
most convenient and effective way to do this ap-
pears to be by means of a deduction from the
monthly cheque, authority to do so being obtained
from each member. I have the honour to request
that we maj' have the assurance of the head of
each department that the signatures on the lists
we may obtain will be duly honoured and the day's
pay deducted from the monthly cheque in one in-
stalment. Insofar as the Inside Service is con-
cerned, the arrangement has been generally con-
curred in, through the kind offices of the Auditor
General. It is chiefly in regard to the Outside
Service that I am making this representation, so
that there may be no doubt that the clerical work
involved will be accom]>lished. The Accountant
of the Post Office states that the matter is quite
feasible as applied to the Outside Service of his
Department.

"I have the honour to be, Sir,

"Your obedient Servant,

"F. Grierson,

"Secretary, Civil Service
Federation of Canada.

"The Right Honourable

-Sir Robert Borden, G. C. M. G."

To this. Prime Minister Borden sent the following
reply:

"Ottawa, Ont., 28th Sept., 1914.

"Sir, — In reply to your letter of the 21st instant
I beg to say that the Government have no objec-

tion to carrying out the proposal put forward by
the Civil Service Federation of Canada. A copy
of your letter and of this reply will be sent to the
head of each Department.

"The assent of the Government to the proposal
is based upon the understanding that no pressure
is to be exercised on any member of the Civil
Service and that each one is free to contribute
what he deems just, or not to contribute at al!, if
his circumstances do not permit. In other words,
the Government would agree to make the deduc-
tion only in case the contribution in each instance
is absolutely a free-will offering.

"Yours faithfully,
"R.

L. Borden,

"F. Grierson, Esq.,
Secretary Civil Service
Federation of Canada,
Ottawa, Ont."

Thus authorized, the Federation sent out its ap-
peal. There were over 40,000 members of the pubhc
service to be reached in all parts of the world, including
manj^ within the Dominion occupying far-distant posts
on coast or plain. The work would have been imposs-
ible had there been no machinery for it except such as
the Federation itself could supply. But every depart-
ment of the public service gladly undertook the patriotic
work of spreading the Federation's literature and
making known the fact that the contribution was
called for. In this way expense was avoided and the
collection of the fund was greatly facilitated.

So ready were the civil servants to give that in
many cases they did not await payments by deductions
from their monthly pay, but sent cash. In many other
cases, though contributions had already been pledged
or given through local civil service associations, the
members responded to the Federation's appeal, thus
contributing doubly.

The enthusiasm with which all classes responded is
indicated bj' the record which The Civilian made at
the time. It is worth while to reproduce here some of
the notes which were given while this remarkable
offering was in progress. The following paragraphs
are taken from its pages:

"If the little stories contained in the record of
the civil service contributions to the Patriotic
Fund were not so full of human interest, continua-
tion of this record would become monotonous, for
every report has the same theme of glad self-denial,
glowing patriotism and the ambition to tlo more
and more. Not a department, branch, office staff
or any other group of Government employees, in-
side or outside, has failed to respond to the call on
behalf of the dependents of the men who go to the
front. Every day lirings messages of more money
given and more promises, and those who keep the
records have thedr hands full.

"The Outside service of the Department of
Trade and Commerce (which is scattered to the
ends of the earth), is responding nobly. Trade
Commissioners in England, Scotland, Barbados,

Two Years of War

Cuba, Holland and Newfoundland have been
heard from. Sufficient time has not elapsed since
the call was sent out to get replies from South
America, China, Australasia and South Africa.
Every report received is a glad response to the
request, and the entire staffs of the officer are
signed up. W. B. Nicholson, of St. John's, New-
foundland, says, "I shall be glad, if deemed neces-
sary, to again contribute in this way to Canada's
Patriotic Fund."

"D. L. Daigle, of Point Sapin, N.B., sends his
order for a day's pay, which amounts to $1.25.

"H. F. Burke, light-keeper at Clapperton
Island, Ont., sent $10 from himself and .15 from
his family, and adds: If further contributions are
required, let me know."

"The Collector of Customs of the Port of Mont-
real reports that his staff has subscribed and
paid in $1,700.

Office staff and inspectors contribute a day's pay
each month.

"Branches of the Department of Public Works
at Victoria, B.C., are giving a day's pay per
month, beginning with September.

"Men of the Dominion Public Works Agency
at Edmonton are contributing $181.76 per month
to the Patriotic P^und.

"Every man of the Dominion Lands and
Crown Timber Office staff at Calgary, also the
Ranch, Homestead and Timber inspectors, gave
a day's pay and many gave more. A plan of
monthly contributions is being arranged. The
first payment from this staff was $140.

"The Royal Northwest Mounted Police con-
tribution amounts to $865.98 per month.

"The Collector of Inland Revenue at Brant-
ford reports that all officers in his division have
contributed liberally and will continue to con-

The Princess Patricia's Canadian Luiht Infantry at the Presentation of the Colodrs.

"The Collector of Customs at North Portal,
Sask., reports for the staff at that place and for
Estevan and Marienthal. At North Portal each
man contributes, during September, October and
November, amounts varying from $2 to $5 per
month. Eleven men, in the three ports, give
$82 in all.

"At Vancouver practically every man on the
Customs staff is contributing every month.

"The 'British Columbia Dredging Fleet War
Fund' has been organized, with Supt. J. L. Nelson,
as President, and E. A. Burns as Secretary-
Treasurer. There are 254 members, and they
pay in about $800 per month to the Fund.

"At Maple Creek, Sask., the Dominion Lands

tribute during the continuation of the war.

"Employees of the Department of Public
Works at the Temiskaming dam have sent in $50.

"Ottawa Post Office staff paid in $50.

"The staff of the Post Office Inspector's office,
Ottawa, subscribed and paid $83.51.

"St. John, N.B., Post Office staff is contribut-
ing $54.22 every month.

"Thomas Harney, supervisor of the Lumber
Culling Service (Trade and Commerce) at Quebec,
sends a fully-signed list of his staff for "such a
laudable purpose."

"Philippe Roy, Commissioner-General for
Canada, in Paris, sends his contribution through
the Department of External Affairs.

As Viewed From Ottawa

"The Indian Agent at Edmonton reports that
his staff contributed to the Fund out of their pay,
and that the Indians of the Enoch Band have sent
250 sacks of flour to the Belgians.

"Dominion Government employees in New
Westminster, B.C., gave, in October, as follows:
Public Works Department, $146.25; Indian Affairs,
$4.50; Interior, $26.30; Inland Revenue, $22.50;
Customs, $42; Marine and Fisheries, $62; Justice
(Penitentiarv), $133.85; Post Office, $67, making a
total for the month of $504.40. Many of these
contributions are monthly.

"The Postmaster at Regina reports an organiz-
ation of his staff for monthly contributions. The
full list of contributions will make $223.04 per
month. In September $170.25 was paid in, and in
October $159.75.

"Po.st Office employees at Sydney, N.S., sub-
scribed $397 to the Fund."

"All Customs officials in Regina pledge one
day's pay per month until the war is over, and
for one month thereafter.

"The contributions of the Railway Mail Service
total $2,818.31.

"Intercolonial railway employees subscribed
$20,150 to the Fund. (These employees are not
organized under the Civil Service Federation.)

"John W. Lethaby, Marine Dept., Victoria,
in reporting payment to a local fund, writes: —
"Every man Jack is giving a day's pay a month
until the war ends."

"Other offices giving a day's pay a month
during the war to local funds are Gretna Customs
and Dawson post office.

The foregoing arc examples of a spirit which was
universally manifested throughout the Civil Service.
The figures given are merely fragmentary, of course, and
indicate only that the sentiment evoked had a prac-
tical outlook, — a substantia] backing.

Owing to the way in which the contributions were
made it is not possible to make any summary of the
civil service givings. It can only be said that every
branch gave handsomely, and that the Inside Service
in Ottawa alone contributed more than $13,000.
The spirit of the Canadian people, their willingness to
make sacrifices on behalf of the great cause in which
the Empire is now engaged, has nowhere been more
faithfully reflected than in the eagerness with which
members of the Civil Service have given for the general
good from salaries none of which are large and most of
which are below what ought to be paid for the services
rendered.

Patriotic Fund~Second Contribution

WHEN the war broke out it was the confident
belief of Germany that a few weeks would
settle the whole matter — Belgium throttled;
France overwhelmed ; Russia conquered; Great Britain
annexed; the world enslaved. On the other hand,
Britons, accustomed to military success, saw no out-
come but a sudden smashing of German power and an
early entr> into Berlin for the signing of the treaty

necessary to the establishment of that enduring peace
which everybody believes is to follow Armageddon.

Now, after more than two years of such bloodshed,
turmoil and loss as the world has never seen before,
we realize sadly that we were mistaken as the Germans
were mistaken. The warnings of the heroic Kitchener,
the appeals of the devoted Lloyd-George, and the
proyihecies of leaders only less endeared to the public
heart, recur to our minds as we look back over the
road of havoc by which the world has reached its
present position. It was to be a long war, and we did
not imdcrstand.

The view held by everybody having been what it
was, there is no reason to wonder that we in Canada did
not realize what was to come. We made preparations
that seemed to the majority quite ample for the purpose,
preparations that seemed to us, not knowing what
modern war really meant, perfectly stupendous. But,
as time went on, we enlarged our ideas and we are
enlarging them still. What this war is really to mean
to us does not seem to be understood yet bj' e.ven the
wisest of our leaders.

To many in the Civil Service the contribution first
made to the Patriotic Fund settled the whole matter.
But in a little while it was seen that far more would be
needed from the Canadian people, in the way of men,
money and patriotic giving, than had been at first sup-
posed, and it becanu; evident that a second request
must be sent out, and for a far larger contribution than
at first.

The work in connection with the first contribu-
tion had taught a lesson to those mainly responsil)le.
Though the Departments had greatly facilitated the
sending out of the appeal and the return of the money,
yet the labour of sending acknowledgements and making
transfer to the Patriotic Fund of the money as received
was great, — unnecessarily great. And the contribu-
tions had been unequal, — not l)ecause there was less
desire on the part of any to give, but because all did
not understand in the same way the needs of the case.
There was thus a distinct loss to the Fund, through
failure to collect money which might as will have been
collected. In short, the machinery for the work needed
to be extended and improved to meet the new and
greater demand to be made upon the patriotic generos-
ity of the Service.

The Second Contribution to the Patriotic Fund was
in every way a greater affair than the First Contri-
bution. It was seen, for instance, that a mere amount
was not what was wanted, but a steady inflow of money
that should help the work that the Fund must carry on
for a long time regardless of the end of the war. It was
seen that Germany's dream of world-power had been
shattered, that, come soon or come late, victory must
rest with the Allies. Though determination to fight on
to the end was the one dominant feeling on the part of
the pubhc, yet there was in every generous heart a hope
that the enemy would not make it necessary for every
step of this awful argument to be gone through and the
logical conclusion worked out to the utter ruin of the
great Central Powers of Europe. Talk of peace,
though it seems to have been indulged in only as part
of the deceitful plan of carrying on the war, filled all
the newspapers; and Canadians, hating war and all
that it involves, and maaccustomed to the diplomacy

Two Years of War

which counts success mainly by the length and devious-
ness of the paths by which it is gained, were encouraged
to believe that the year 1916 would see the end of the
struggle. It was in the hope that by helping to fill
the Fund's coffers for 1916 the main demand would be
met that the Civil Service of Canada decided to make a
contribution covering the whole year and amounting to
at least five times as much as had been made before.
This, of course, did not mean that future contributions
should not be made, but only that the mistake of the
First Contribution in providing only one sum should
not be repeated.

At the same time, the Departments were more com-
pletely organized for this purpose. The whole ac-
counting system, so far as necessary, was brought into
use, in order that the wish common to contributors,
government and the public should be given effective
expression.

This meant, of course, that the central authorities
of the Civil Service Federation handed over to the
accountants of the several Departments practically the
whole work of recording the contributions made. It
is theoretically possible to gather from all Departments
and all branches information as to the work, l)ut the
practical gain would not compensate for the heavy
labour involved. Each contributor receives acknow-
ledgement of his gift, and that is all that he is really
entitled to. He has an interest also in knowing what
his office, or branch, or Department has done for the
Fund, and that information may be made available to
him through the accounting service upon which he
depends in the regular way of his work. But to gather
the facts from all the many and diverse branches of the
public service would be a labour of extensive corres-
pondence and research. That work has not been
undertaken.

But the nature of the contribution and the extent
of it may be judged by some facts that are actually
available. It was decided by the Federation that,
^vithout, on one side, putting a check upon generosity,
and, on the other, "spurring the willing horse," it should
be suggested to the Service that two per cent, of salaries
should be given to the Fund. This, if carried out rigid-
ly, would be quite unfair, of course, to those in receipt
of the smaller salaries. For the man on $1,200 a year
to give $24 would possibly mean that the family would
have fewer warm clothes for the winter, while .SIGO
from the man with $5,000 would mean nothing except,
perhaps, a shorter stay for the family at the seaside in
the summer. But there was no desire to carry out the
plan rigidly; the idea simply was to set a standard by
which all could judge their givings.

The greatest body of civil servants is in Ottawa, of
course. The Civil Service Association of Ottawa, the
local body represented in the Federation, undertook the
work of securing contributions not merely from its own
members but from all the members of the public service
in the Capital. There are as everybody knows, many
public services whose employees are not usuallv
counted as belonging to the Civil Service,— as tha"t
body is described in the laws on the subject. For
instance, there is the whole military service; there are
the technical workers and tradesmen of the Printing
Bureau; there are the clerks and other employees of
the several Commissions, such as War Purchasing

Commission, the Deep Waterways Commission, and
others; and there are many newly-formed branches in
various departments whose employees have not yet
been included in the Civil Service as usually under-
stood.

When the officers of the Civil Service Association of
Ottawa announced they were out to collect one hundred
thousand dollars from people within their jurisdiction,
as assumed for the purposes of this work, many people,
including not a few members of the Civil Service, said
that it was a wild proposition, and predicted flat failure.
But the necessary authority for "all steam ahead" was
given at a meeting of public servants called to consider
the question, and the officers of the Association went at
the work with a will. The result of their work was that
subscriptions were turned in aggregating over one
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, — practically a fifty
per cent, increase over what had been originally pro-
posed.

Under the stimulating propaganda of the Civil
Service Federation of Canada, the contributions from
the Outside Service everywhere throughout the Domin-
ion and throughout the world were on an equallj' gen-
erous scale. By the middle of November, 1916, the
civil servants in Ottawa had paid in $116,000 on their
subscriptions to this second contribution and an ad-
ditional $10.5,000 had been received from members of
the Service in other places.

And now comes the announcement from those to
whom the civil servants look for leadership, that further
assistance is needed and that the Patriotic Fund will
look to the Civil Service of Canada to keep on with the
good work. The struggle in Europe has entered its
final stages, but the enemy is not yet beaten to his knees
as a suppliant for a restoration of the peace which he
so arrogantly shattered. And, while the brave sons of
Canada, including many civil servants, are facing the
hardships of the trenches, the danger of death and the
still more awful danger of wounds which shall inca-
pacitate them from ever again living as they have lived,
the men and women who look to the Dominion as their
employer must also do their share, and that share is to
give for the good cause as long as the present crisis lasts.

General Contributions

Many of the gifts made for war purposes in the early
])art of the war were better indications of the loyal
enthusiasm than of knowledge of what was required in
order to gain the best practical results. In this respect
the Civil Service made their mistakes like other people.
In fact it is probable that the Civil Service made more
mistakes than the general run of folks. At Ottawa,
where civil servants are at work in great buildings
during regular office hours and can easily be inter-
viewed by the gracious ladies and enthusiastic gentle-
men who have good works in charge, it is most natural
that subscription lists of all kinds should circulate from
desk to desk. And in places like city postoffices and
custom houses practically the same conditions exist
and the same result naturally follows. Even in smaller
places, the holder of an office under the Dominion
Government is apt to be regarded as one upon whom

As Viewed From Ottawa

those who engage in what they regard as a pubhc work
for the good of the Great Cause have a right to call for
generous help at any time.

That much of this giving has been ineffective was
not the fault of those who gave nor even of those who
sought contributions. The simple fact is that Canada
was hurled unexpectedly into a world war and her
people at first did not know just what should be done
about it. It is always easier to be active than to bo
wise; a crisis produces twenty men who are ready to do
something for one who knows what to do.

A noteworthy instance of generous giving which
failed of its object was seen in the enthusiasm with
which machine guns were provided by civil servants
and others. Somebody got the idea — which may be
true enough in itself, or may be completely mistaken —
that the rifle was as completely obsolete as the battle-
axe, and that the machine-gun was the sword and buck-
ler of the modern soldier. Somebody else took up the
notion, and it struck the public imagination so forcibly
that, as soon as somebody or other said that the
Canadian Government wanted private contrilnitions of
machine-guns for our soldiers, everybody went to work
to get the money together. It would be hard to say
how many of these weapons were pledged by small
groups of civil servants here and there. And in many
cases not merely was the gun itself promised but also
enough men to form its crew, or party, or detachment,
or whatever it is called. This machine-gun enthusiasm
spread throughout the whole Civil Service, and had all
the guns promised been actually called for there would
have been equipment in this respect for quite an army.
Among funds raised for this purpose were : — Printing
Bureau, Ottawa (two guns), Hamilton post office,
Brantford post office, London district railway mail
clerks, Winnipeg district railway mail clerks, Edmonton
customs and others.

Of cour.se the whole thing was, to say the least,
premature. There was no more reason for the public
providing machine-guns that there was for taking up a
collection for rifles or howitzers. All the facts go to
show that machine-guns are a tremendous factor in the
fighting, but they are only one factor, and their por-
portion, their place and their relation to other elements
must be decided by those who have the campaign in
charge. Nothing is to be gained by an enthusiastic
public forcing unasked machine-guns upon the com-
manders on the firing line.

Far different and more reasonable were the appeals
made for help for the wounded, the prisoners and all the
other sufferers from the horrors of war. Civil servants
took an equal share with others in the good work of
maintaining of prisoners of war. Through the national
and international organizations having this beneficent
work in hand little groups of civil servants everywhere
have "adopted" each its prisoner of war, or perhaps
several of them. The work is done under the best
auspices and'the only thing the members of the Civil
Service who are concerned have to do is to provide the
necessary funds. This is done liberally and with the
utmost cheerfulness.

The duty of every British subject to take his share
in providing relief for the harried and suff(!ring Belgians
has impressed itself upon the members of the Canadian
<^'ivil Service. It is safe to say that there is not to l>e

found on this side of the Atlantic a class who have given
more generously in proportion to their means toward
this most worthy and deserving cause. Collections
have been taken up among civil servants themselves,
and, besides, the organizations devoted to various
phases of this work have been liberally assisted not with
money only, but with earnest and well-directed work. An
allied cause which was quite equally deserving and yet
was not so prominently brought to public attention was
the work of relief for the Serbians whose territory has
been completely overrun by the enemy and who have
suffered correspondingly. So far as Ottawa is con-
cerned the greater part of the work in this cause was
done by civil servants and their families and a big
share of the money, perhaps the biggest share, was
contributed by the same people. Everywhere this work
of Serbian relief was taken part in with enthusiasm by
memliers of the Civ'l Service. The work for the relief
of the Belgians is receiving constant civil service
support, and Polish relief funds have also been
augmented by civil service contributions.

The maintenance of hospitals for the wounded
has particularly attracted the attention of members of
the Canadian Civil Service, because, through head-
quarters at Ottawa, so many civil servants have come
in contact with those who have been engaged in the
hospital work. Contributions of all kinds are constant-
ly being made in this way for the benefit of the wounded,
and many of those engaged as nurses or physicians are
former members of the Civil Service or belong to fami-
lies of which civil servants are the head.

One of the greatest war hospitals in England has a
large number of beds furnished by special subscriptions
of the civil servants of Ottawa. Civil servants also
gave generously to the hospital ship funds. Ottawa
city post office staff presented the Red Cross with a
motor ambulance, costing $2,500.

In Ottawa the Soldiers' Aid Commission work,
organized under Government authority, has received
strong support from the Service. Each department
has a representative on the general committee of the
Commission, and those members have been assiduous
in collecting subscriptions from the staffs that thej'
represent.

And so, all through the list of deserving causes con-
nected with the war, there is not one but owes something
to the patriotic zeal and generosity of the (jivil Service.

There is one way in which this zeal has unique op-
portunity for its display. As is well known, a civil
servant who enhsts for active service has his place held
for him and is paid, not at the soldier's rate, but at the
rate of a civil servant. This is a practice followed by a
number of the great employers of labour in (Canada.
In a good many cases the civil servants so treated have
asked to be put upon the basis of soldiers so far as pay
and allowances are concerned, the difference between
this rate and their Civil Service salaries to be given to
swell the funds of some patriotic cause.

This collection of little stories of patriotic generosity
cannot be better concluded than by narrating one that
has just been received from the Pacific coast. Out in
Vancouver, at the end of Prospect Park, is a small
lighthouse surrounded by a little plot of land. The
keeper of it is an old man named Jones. Last summer
a local fund for returned soldiers was opened in Van-

Two Years of War

couver. The old gentleman did not have the money
to make a contribution to it; while his salary was so
small and the demands upon it so large that he was
unable to assign it. He conceived the idea of cultivat-
ing flowers on the land plot and selling bouquets to
motor parties and other passers by. The venture
proved a great success and in the autumn Jone& handed
over $1,035 in cash, the proceeds of his undertaking,
to the soldiers' fund.

-part, — in the world's work, and from this time she will
claim and be accorded her rightful position.

The awakening of the new spirit of womanhood was
made manifest in the Canadian Civil Service before the war.
A Women's Branch of the Ottawa Association had been
formed and was at work. The readiness with ivhich this
organir.ation virtually abandoned, for the time, all its
original plans and aims in order to devote its whole ener-
gies to "war work" is but significant of u'oman's evcr-

"The Legion of Frontiersmen"
From Moose Jaw, Sask., Who Were Absorbed by The P.P.C.L.I.

The Women's Branch, Civil Service

Association of Ottaw^a

[By no means least notable among the phenomena of
the war period is the advancement made by the women of the
ivorld. The peasant woman of France, guiding the plough
while her husband defies the foe in the hill fortresses of
the Woeuvre, and the eloquent daughter of the Canadian
\Vest, grappling with the gravest national problems of the
time and swaying great audiences in the turmoil of a
political campaign, have alike demonstrated that woman is
qiialified and entitled to fill a higher place in the economic
and social organization of civilized countries than has ever
been accorded to her. Woman has a true part, — a large

readiness to take up her full share of the world's burdens
when opportunity is given her.

The following article is contributed to this special issue
of The Civilian by the officers of the Women's Branch.]

THE Women's Branch was brought into existence
in January, 1914, through the efforts of Miss
Tremblay of the Department of the Interior and
a few other enthusiastic women of the service.

There were two primary reasons for the birth of this
n.ew organization. For years the more earnest women
civil servants had felt that the women of the Service
should be brought into closer touch with one another,
that some such organization would make a common
centre and foster a stronger sense of esprit de corps.

As Viewed From Ottawa

also it Would be a means of getting at the views of the
women of the Service, particularly in view of the im-
mediate possibility of legislation affecting the Civil
Service being considered by Parliament. The first
officers of the Branch were Miss Mary D. Doyle,
President, Post Office Department; Miss Grace Rey-
nolds, Vice President, Office of the Auditor General;
Miss AHce E. Wilson, Secretary-Treasurer, Victoria
Memorial Museum.

The efforts of tlie Association were devoted almost
entirely to the above objects until war was declared,
when the Branch, though only in its infancy and scarce-
ly having begun to realize its power, immediately di-
rected its activities towards giving assistance in tliis
great crisis, not only to the actual needs of the soldiers
going to the front, but also to the relief so urgently
needed in the citv during the following winter of
1914-15.

Two First Aid classes were formed under the di-
rection of the St. John's Ambulance Association, with
a membership of 32. Many of the certificated mem-
bers of these classes later joined the Women's Voluntary
Aid Detachment and in their turn have given a week or
more services to the Fleming Convalescent Home.
Recently a request was received from England for a
number of these trained women for active work and the
following volunteered :

Miss Florence Brown, Department of Trade and
Commerce,

Miss Ethth M. Daws, Department of Customs.

Miss Beatrice Holmes, Department of the Interior.

Miss Agnes Low, Department of the Interior.

Miss Alice Houston, Post Office Department.

Miss Lois Jarvis, Department of Railways and
Canals.

Miss Genevieve McGoey, Department of Railways
and Canals,

Miss Mary Percival, Department of the Interior.

Miss Georgette Dufour, Post Office Department.

Miss Winnifred Raye, Department of Militia and
Defence.

Miss Margaret Wilson, Department of Customs.

Miss Houston and Miss Dufour, only, were granted
the necessary leave of alisencc by the heads of their
Departments. In anticipation of another call from
England, the Branch is making an effort to obtain a
uniform basis for such leave of absence under the same
conditions as those granted to men who enlist.

In the late autumn of 1914 a three-fold committee
was organized under the general direction of Miss
Mary D. Doyle, Post Office Department, for handling
the work arising from war conditions, — a Red Cross
Committee, a City Relief Committee and a Committee
to organize the collection and disbursement of an
Emergency Fund. The neeil of one concentrated fund
for this work was made very evident a short time after
the war broke out. Many calls of equal merit were
made upon civil servants and a great deal was given
out by them inrlividually without any record being kept
that such gifts came from the (Jivil Service. One such
important collection amounting to S431.65 was taken
up throughout the Service by the women for the pur-
pose of contributing their quota towards the cost of a
ho.spital ship to be presented to the British Admiralty

by the women of (Canada. To eliminate the necessity
for those very frequent demands it was decided to com-
bine and ask each member of the Service to contribute
at least the odd cents from his or her pay-cheque month-
ly, thus creating a fund to cover all the many calls,
upon the Service. This fund is known as the "Red
Cross and War Emergency Fund." The Women's-
Branch originated the idea and have carried it out, how
successfully is shown in the statement of receipts and
expenditures.

Shortly after the organization of the above fund!
a special call came to the Service for the Hospital at
Cliveden. The Women's Branch offered to the General;
Association the use of their organization for collecting:
the gifts and the offer was accepted. It was found when
the canvass was made that, not knowing the larger
scheme was being brought forward, the Auditor (Jiener-
al's Office had already contributed one bed and the
Department of Finance eight beds to the Hospital.
In addition to these nine beds there was raised in the
Service for this purpose $2,200 but so keen was the
interest throughout the Dominion that by the time the
returns were in, the fund for beds had been over-
subscribed and after consultation with the Red Cross-
authorities it was decided to vote this money towards
the purchase of a motor ambulance for the Red Cross.

A special contribution to the Red Cross and War
Emergency Fund was received, especially for Red Cross
purposes, from th(- Militia Department, and after
consulting Dr. Robertson, the Secretary of the Ottawa
Valley Red Cross, that amount was devoted to part
payment of the maintenance of a Civil Service Red
Cross Nurse at the Front ; the balance being paid out of
the Emergency Fund.

The City Relief Committee work was originally in-
tended as a temporary aid for young women, without
iiomes, thrown out of work by the conditions of the
times, but during the distress of the winter 1914-15
it rapidly l)ranched out. Two young women thrown
out of office work during the first two months of the war
were glad of the small amount we were able to pay them
for work done acting as assistants in the Ottawa Welfare
Bureau, and, incidentally^ they were saved from l)eirig
added to the already abnormally large list of dependents
in Ottawa. In the relief work throughout the city the
Committee, under the careful and systematic direction /

of Miss Grace Reynolds, Auditor General's Office, was /
generously assisted by the Women's University Club,
whose Committee very kindly enquired into,'visitecl
and reported the desirability or otherwise of rendering
assistance in each case. The Women's Branch very
much appreciated this kind co-operation of the Univer-
sity women who had the leisure in daytime to do this
work while the Civil Service women were on duty.
Another branch of the city relief work was undertaken
by a conjmitteo for sewing which spent much time
making over old garments contributed to them into
u.«eful clothes for children. With aid from the Emer-
gency fund they were able to engage sewing women
badly in need of employment The clothes made up in
this way were used by the other relief workers as well
as donated to the various local relief centres. The
work of this conmiittee was done in an admirable
manner under the direction of Miss Winnifred Fyles
of the National Art Gallery.

Two Years of War

Throughout the winter of 1915-16 there was much
less need for assistance in the city and most of the
energies of the Branch Association were devoted strictly
to war work; the only contribution to local relief
being a small sum to the Welfare Bureau to assist in the
payment of the salary of a visiting nurse, bearing in
mind the thought that such a central organization by
its systematic work is far more likely to get at the root
of such needs than any temporary organization.

The most important war work undertaken by the
Women's Branch was the organization of a Red Cross
Section with headquarters in the Birks Building. It
opened with an office staff of twenty for the purpose of

Thirty-two thousand and seventy-six articles were
made for the Red Cross, covering the following range
of work: grey flannel shirts, hospital shirts, fracture
shirts, knitted scarves, handkerchiefs, hot water
bottle covers, sheets, wash cloths, pyjamas, helmets.
Balaclava caps, bandages, sponges, hold-alls, cholera
belts, pillows, kersey gowns, socks, wristlets, bed socks,
bed-room slippers, pillow slips and towels.

A bag of flour and two large bales of clothes were
collected for the relief of the distressed Belgians and
forwarded to the Ottawa Women's Canadian Club for
shipment abroad. The Branch made a hundred and
fortv-four towels for the Soldiers' Comfort Committee of

Pipe Band of the "Princess Pats.'

distributing and receiving material and made up articles
from their over four hundred registered workers. Some
of this material the Women's Branch donated, but the
most of it was supplied by the main Red Cross organi-
zation which regarded the Civil Service as one of its
working units. The amount of work accomplished by
these women after office hours is amazing and a source
of much gratification to the officers of the Branch who
feel that enough cannot be done to allay the suffering
of our brave fellows at the front as well as of those they
have left behind.

that Club. A group of women will be found after 5 p.m.
daily at the Branch headquarters addressing, stamping
and despatching circular letters to our wounded Can-
adians offering to help them in any way they may
require or suggest. Incidentally it may be said that
the replies to these letters are most gratifying. The
men most assuredly appreciate them and many ask for
help in such ways that the Club is only too glad to
serve them who have served only too well. These
letters are supplied to the Branch by the Canadian
Club and the work is done under the personal direction

As Viewed Fhom Ottawa

of the Branch's President, Miss Burt, who is a member
of that Club's executive.

When the call came to the Service for a contribution
to the Patriotic Fund the Women responded most
generously. In 1915, the first call resulted in a day's
pay being given; in 1910 the contribution was on a
basis of 2% of the salaries.

The Women in the outlying branches of several
Departments have been accorded facilities for doing
Red Cross work in their office buildings between 5 and
G p.m., thus saving their time and much room at head-
quarters.

A couple of Red Cross teas were held at the Experi-
mental Farm through the courtesy of Dr. Grisdale,
when much hand sewing was accomplished, the interest
sustained in Red Cross work and a very pleasant hour
enjoyed by all.

It is the intention to vote the 1916-17 Red Cross
and War Emergency Fund receipts in lump sums to the
Red Cross and various organizations for war relief in
Canada, England, France and Switzerland as was done
during the previous year.

Hundreds of Prisoners of War have been "adopted"
throughout the Service. Many are being looked after
by individuals or by little groups of women who con-
tribute regularly. This is done either by special money
contributions or parcels of food or clothing sent direct
to the prisoners. It is quite impossible to give even
an approximate estimate of the whole number.

Many more civil service women are working steadily
for the Canadian Club and the Daughters of the
Empire as well as for churches and other organizations.
For instance, eighty-three women in the Post Office
Department alone are busily engaged in work for
tiie Magdaleine de Vercheres Chapter of the Daughters
of the Empire. In fact, every way one turns these
women are found busy doing their bit in all descriptions
of work and very often much too busy to talk about it.
The following statement shows the disbursements
oi the Red Cross and War Emergency Fund.

Belgian Relief Fund .150.00

Franco-Amerique Fund 10.00

Victorian Order of Nurses 15.00

Settlement House, Ottawa 15.00

Salvation Army 10.00

St. Vincent de'Paul Society 10.00

Miss Whiteaves' Mission 20.00

Soldier's Comforts 10.00

Soldiers in Hospitals in England 25.00

Canadian Prisoners of War 115.00

Queen of the Belgians' Fund 20.41

Red Cross Materials, etc 156.74

Sewing Committee 168.00

Relief Work in Ottawa 249.79

Assistance at Welfare Bureau 327.50

Sterilized Milk for Children 10.00

Duchess of Connaught's Prisoners of War

Fund 100.00

Fleming Convalescent Home for Soldiers . . . 40.00

French Peasants Fund 20.00

Serbian Relief 70.00

Y.M.C.A. Huts (for soldiers at the Front) . . 25.00
Soldiers' Buffet at Victoria Station, London,

England 25.00

Bread for Prisoners of War $25.00

Waratah Fund (Convalescent Home) 100.00

Soldiers Aid Commission 50.00

Maintenance of Civil Service Red Cross

Nurse at the Front 400.00

Petty expenses 5.00

Balance on hand 113.09

Total amount collected and accounted for as

above, to October, 1916 $2,284.53

So much for the activity of the Women's Branch
during the present overshadowing period. It has done
well to remember the necessary educational work and
recreation to offset the strain of the times and leave
its members fully fit for their first duties, — those of
the office.

The social and educational work, under the exceed-
ingly capable direction of Miss Edna Inglis, of the
Auditor General's Office, is a strong point in the
Branch's endeavours, for it was of the first import-
ance for the young organization to become acquainted
with its members and their respective abilities and
capacities for work. When one realizes how few
women in the Service were really acquainted with any
outside their own department previous to the forma-
tion of the Branch, one will appreciate the great ne-
cessity for its social work. Actually, it has been the
foundation of all the other work.

A few very interesting lectures and addresses have
been delivered before the Women's Branch, notably
that of Professor Carrie Derick of McGill University
last spring at a luncheon in the Chateau Laurier, on
the subject of "War, Women and Industry," when they
had as their guests the wife of the Prime Minister, the
wife of the Leader of the Opposition, the Presidents of
the Ottawa Women's Canadian Club, the Teacher's
Association, the University Club and the Local
Council of Women, with which order the Branch is, of
course, affiliated. In December of 1915, Professor
De Lury of Toronto University addressed the Branch
and their friends on the subject of the "Revival of Irish
Literature." Dr. Shortt, Civil Service Commissioner,
occupied the chair. Two members of the Civil Service,
Mr. Drake, of the Interior Department, and Mr.
Watson, of the Insurance Department, addressed the
Branch on Civil Service Superannuation and Insurance,
respectively, subjects on which both men are eminently
qualified to speak.

Miss M. Tremblay, of the Interior Department, ably
conducted a French class for the benefit of a much-
needed club-room fund, and in this way was of assist-
ance to a number of students and incidentally was able
to contribute S39.50 to the Fund. Many other social
and educational efforts netted small proceeds which also
have been deposited to the credit of the club-room fund
with the hope that sooner or later the Branch will be in
a position to rent suitable quarters for its social and
war work.

A masquerade dance was held for the members of
the Branch only and a thoroughly enjoyable time was
spent with much profit socially to the Branch. Several
small dramatic attempts were made with varying
success; the chief difficulty at present being in obtain-
ing men for the parts. Nevertheless what has been

Two Years of War

done in this direction has been of much help in bringing
the Women of the Service together and eventually it is
hoped a strong dramatic club will be organized.

The Recreation Club, another of the Branch's
efforts, has been conducted under the capable direction
of Miss Ina Blackburn, of the Forestry Branch, having
for its main object outdoor recreation for its members.
Three annual trips have been made to a maple sugar
camp in the Gatineau hills, and each has proved very
popular. Several cross-country tramps, picnics, skat-
ing and tobogganing parties were organized. Riding
and dancing classes were also most successful under

Miss Blackburn's direction, and a trip through the
J. R. Booth Company's mills at the Chaudiere was
most interesting and well attended.

The present officers of the Women's Branch Associ-
ation are:

Past President, Miss M. Tremblay (Interior).

President, Miss F. M. Burt (Customs).

Vice-President, Miss Lea Street (Finance).

Secretary, Miss L. F. Crocker (Post Office).

Assistant Secretary, Miss M. Lyon (Naval Service).

Treasurer, Miss Florence Snelling (Auditor General's
Office).

To a Canadian Lad Killed in the War

By Duncan Campbell Scott

(The allegation thai the character of their work has a repressive effect upon the mentality of civil servants is strikingly
refuted by the example of Duncan Campbell Scott. While rising from the lower r^mgs of the ladder to the position of deputy
minister, he has also won his way into the very front rank of living poets. His work is notable for its imaginative richness,
technical dexterity and natural charm. The tribute "To a Canadian Lad Killed in the War" is from his new volume,
"Lundy's Lane and Other Poems," and is reprinted here by kind permission of the publishers, Messrs. McClelland,
Goodchild & Stewart).

Let us bring pungent wreaths of balsam, and

tender
Tendrils of wild-flowers, lovelier for thy daring,
And deck a sylvan shrine, where the maple parts
The moonlight, with lilac bloom, and the

splendour
Of suns unwearied; all un withered, wearing
Thy valor stainless in our heart of hearts.

O noble youth that held our honour in keeping,

And bore it sacred through the battle flame,

How shall we give full measure of acclaim

To thy sharp labour, thy immortal reaping?

For though we sowed with doubtful hands, half sleeping,

Thou in thy vivid pride hast reaped a nation.

And brought it in with shouts and exultation,

With drums and trumpets, with flags flashing and leaping.

The Open Door

By J. Sydney Roe

{J . Sydney Roe was a newspaper man before he became private secretary to the Minister of Customs, and his love for
"the newspaper game" has never died out. Thus it happens that most of the daintily-designed little poems that come from
his pen are given to the public through the newspaper press. Many discriminating readers enjoy a thrill of delight when
they discover some new verses by J. Sydney Roe.)

There's a nice little woman who lives down our street,
Her place is so tidy, and wholesome, and neat.
It's the cleanest and best of the houses by far,
And from sunrise to sunrise the door is ajar.

Her man's at the front, and her big strapping lad
Is over in Shorncliffe — he'll soon join his dad.
And she's all alone; when she goes out to char
She's careful to see that the door's left ajar.

I asked her one day when I saw her go out
If she wasn't afraid, with the burglars about.

And she smiled a quaint smile when she said straight to me
"Why all that I have is now over the sea."

She leaves the door open, the neighbours all say.
In case they come home when she's out for the day.
The house is all ready, and clean as a pin
Whenever her big strapping soldiers walk in.

So she sits there and watches and waits for her men,

"If the chance came," she says, "I would give them again!

If they never come home we shall very soon meet,"

Says the quaint little woman who lives down our street.

To the Memory of Rupert Brooke

By a. S. Bubinot

{Arthur S. Bourinot, a clerk in the Department of Indian Affairs, is one of the younger poets of the Civil Service
whose verses are beginning to attract more than local notice. "To the Memory of Rupert Brooke" was one of the poems
added to his little volume of "Laurentian Lyrics" which appeared shortly before he went overseas as lieutenant in an infantry
battalion.)

He loved to live his life with laughing lips.
And ever with gold sunlight in his eyes,
To dream on flowered uplands as they rise
O'er which the moon like burnished metal slips;
To hear the gypsy song in sails of ships,
And wander o'er the waves 'neath azure skies.
Seeing the splendour of tired day which dies
And into lone oblivion slowly dips.

But suddenly his country clashed in arms,
And peace was crushed and trampled like pale

bloom,
Beneath the careless feet of man and beast, —
The world was turmoil, stirred from west to

east.
And song and gladness had no longer room,
For drum and bugle called with loud alarms.

As Viewed From Ottawa 91

Civil Servants as Soldiers

The Honour Roll of Enlistments

WERE all the Dominion civil servants who have enlisted for overseas service assembled they would form
three full battalions of infantry. More than three thousand men who were civil employees of the
Government of Canada, have donned the khaki and gone forth to fight and die, if need be, for the
Empire.

For more than two years The Civilian has been steadily gathering and listing the names of the civil
service volunteers. The Civilian's record is the only comprehensive list of these men in existence.

The compilation has been a labour of great difficulty for a variety of reasons. When the war commenced
no one anticipated that the requirement of men would be so great or that the civil servants would enroll in such
numbers. Several government departments did not inaugurate proper systems of record of their men in the army
until the war had been going on for many months. Other departments keep record of only such men as continue
to draw civil pay, though there are hundreds of civil servants in the army who are excluded from the official record
by such a rule. Thus official records, where available, are often incomplete and The Civilian has carried on
a sj'stem of inquiry all over the Dominion, that has added hundreds of names to the roll which would otherwise
have been oinitted.

The record is yet far from complete. More civil servants are enlisting every day and new lists of recruits
are constantly being received. As long as the war lasts recruits will continue to come forward and the roll will
continue to grow.

The names of men enlisted for overseas service have been puV)lished in instalments in The Civilian under
the heading of "The Roll of Honour." The editors hold that the term "Roll of Honour" should not be applied
solely to the record of the dead and woimded. Surely the honour is to the man when he enlists! His suiTering or
escaping casualty is merely the fortune of war. It is not to his dishonour that he comes out of the battle unharmed.

It should also be remembered that this "Roll of Honour" does not include the names of the men of the
Canadian Government Railways who have gone to the front. Probably a thousand men of that service are in khaki
and numbers of them have been killed, wounded or made prisoners. They have their own "Roll of Honour"
published in their own magazine. If the number of railway men are added to The Civilian's roll it will be seen that
the public services of Canada have given to the Allied armies more than four thousand men or approximately the
strength of a brigade of infantry.

Civil servants are to be found in practically every unit of the Canadian Expeditionary Force and in the
British and French armies and the Royal Navy. At the outbreak of war a wish was expressed that civil service
units might be raised, but the civil servants were so obsessed with the desire to get into action that they did not
wait for any such arrangement and flocked to the colours of every unit that wanted men. Infantry, cavalry,
mounted rifles, artillery, engineers, signallers, service corps, medical corps, veterinary corps, flying corps, navy
and coast patrol — in short, every arm of the service has quota of civil servants. One unit is unique in that it is of
necessity composed exclusively of civil servants, and all from one department — the Canadian Army Postal Corps.

Civil servants hold every rank from that of private to that of Brigadier General. A number are command-
ing battalions, regiments or batteries or holding important staff positions. A few of the civil service officers of
higher rank are featured in the illustrations of this special issue.

The quality of the civil service soldier may be judged from the record of honours won and from the casualty
list, to which the reader is referred.

Below arc given the names, arranged by Departments, of the volunteers reported to the end of November, 1916.
During the early months of the third year of the struggle, civil service enlistments are still very numerous, though
the number of men in the service fit and available for military service has been greatly reduced.

This list contains 3,229 names: —

BOARD OF RAILWAY CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

COMMISSIONERS Bouchard, Leon. Armstrong, Victor,

Dunsmore, Edward, COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION Allaway"'j^^

Downcs, William, • Carroll, J. Arden, J. A. P.

Harvey, Fred R. Donnell, Allan, Atkinson, R.

Wilson, Ernest Ed., Ferguson, G. H., Bergoend, J. T.

Wadsworth. fi. W., Little, Edward C. Brown, L. A.

Two Years of War

As Viewed From Ottawa

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

(Continued)

Bunnell, Lieut. M. B.
Boston, Jas. W.
Berntsen, Oluf.
Brunet, Capt. O.
Bright, Lieut., S. G
Baund, Lieut., F. J.
Brown, Lieut. J. H.
Blackett, Lieut. A. C.
Bent, Lieut. H. V.
Brodie, H. S.
Ball, G. K.
Bush, A. H.
Bennett, J.
Bergot, E.
Blair, W. T.
Boates, H.
Brydon, J. D.
Busselle, A. W.
Clark, T. O.
Curzon, J.
CoUett, Lieut. H. B.
Colborne, Lieut. H.
Chcvillard, Hector,
Cameron, Lieut. A. E.
Cousins, G. A.
Connelly, P. A.
Cox, G. C.
Cole, Lieut. D. S.
Curran, H.
Cannon, A.
Campbell, L.
Campbell. Wm.
Cheslcy, Iv.
Corner, J.
Craig, E.
Craig, J.
Dorgans, Guy,
Douglas, Lieut. K. L.
Daingneault, Lieut. F. A.
Dreher, W. C. F.
Drayton, Lieut. F. L.
Donaldson, R. B.
Dexter, F. T.
Davis, M. B.
Donaldson, R. 1.
Dyer, W. H.
Evans, Capt. T. C.
EUiott. Capt. H. J.
F>erest, R. E.
Eastham, Capt. Alfred.
Estabrooks, W. Harold,
Evans, H. C.
Eastwood, Edward.
Finnimore, Lieut. C. W.
Inlanders, Lieut. C. N.
Farrell, Lieut. J. J.
Fawcett, H. G.
Fleming, H. S.
F'lewelling, H. S.
Fortier, T. H. H.
Fader, Eric.
Fahey, T.
Ferris. C.
Foley, Wm.
Goold, \V. D.
Gallaher, J.
Gordon, Wm. A.
(iodfrey, Wm.
Guertin, Lieut. J. O.
Godfrey, W. B.

Golder, J. H.
Gregory, Oliver.
Hunt, S. J.
Hawkins, W. E.
How, L. M.
Harris, W. L.
Haddrell, C. W.
Hall, L. J.
Halfpenny, Eric.
Harrison, C.
Hatherall, F.
Hazen, F. H.
Heatherton. W.
Hesselwood, H.
Hobden, R.
Hubbard, Lieut. G. A.
Huestis, H. W.
Humbert, Adjt. Paul
Holmden, Rolph
Hudson, H. F.
Heustis, R. L.
Hughes, Capt. J. T. M.
Janson, J. T.
Johnston, O. D.
Jaquemet, F.
Johnson, L. I.
Joudoin, D.
Joyce, Martin.
Keegan, Major H. L.
Keston, Lieut. S. H.
Kennedy, G. N.
Lindesay, Hugh Howard
Lothian, Liejt. D. E.
Lawrence, Lieut. John
Lord, S. N.
Longworth, Lieut. F.
Moloughncy, X. J.
Maconachie, Capt. Chas.
Mynot, A. F.
Morin, Lieut. W.A.
MacFadzean, Lieut. W.
Macdougall, Capt. W. F.
Metze, S.

MacDonald, Lieut. R. W.
McLeod, Jas.
MacKay, Capt. V. N.
Mackenzie, F. M.
Mackintosh, J.
Marshall, C. A.
Mason, E.
Matthews, A. E.
Matthews, V.
McNeill, A.
McKcnzie, G. F.

McKay, G.

McDonald, J.

McCormack, V.

McCool, P.

McNab, J.

McNamara, J. P.

McKibbon, R. R.

McFarlane, J. C.

Nowlan, Lieut. A.

Neal, C. W.

Nicholson, A. V.

Nichols, R. W.

Nicholson, Lieut. A. V.

Naper, F. C.

Neal, C.

Neely, H.

Neilson, M. A.

Nelson, E. E.

North, S.

O'Hara, Patrick.

Osmond, Lieut. Harold.

Paris, R. J. C.

Pennington, A.

Peters, S.

Peterson, P.

Peterson, A.

PoUock, W.

Pringle, E. H.

Poole, Capt. B. R.

Painter, Ernest W.

Patten, Harry

Pook, Lieut. G.

Perney, Lieut. E. D.

Richer, C. E.

Robinson, J. M.

Rcunie, John A.

Rankin, T.

Ramsay, R. L.

Rennie, J.

Robertson, D.

Robinson, M.

Rutledge, W.

Sweatman, E.

Sutton, S.

Steuthers, A.

Smith, H.

Smith, C.

Smith, R.

Small, R.

Sheldon, A.

Sculthorp, H.

Strickland, E. H.

Shipton, J. C.

Sharman, Lieut. -Col. C. H. L,

Sorensen, M. B.

Stanfield, Lieut. Norman

Snider, Henry

Savage, Lieut. E. W.

Sansom, E. N.

Stuart, Lieut. J. McL.

Smith, Lieut. C. E.

Simpson, Lieut. J.

Thurston, Major E. C.

Tamblyn, Capt. D. S.

TuUoch, D. E.

Thornewill, Lieut. G. S.

Todd, W. J.

Tremayne, Capt. H. E.

Taylor, J.

Thornthwaite, H.

Tulley, H.

Uglow, Lieut. R. H. L.

Vnwin, G; H.

Vaillant, S. H.

Verne, B.

Walker, A.

Walker, J.

Walton, H. A.

Webster, L. F.

White, W. R.

Williams, G.

Williams, J. C.

Wisdom, C.

Wood, J.

Warwick, Capt. Wm.

Wiltshire, W. E.

Walsh, Lieut. F. W.

Williams, C. A.

White, O. C.

Walsh, Major, F. A.

Two Years of War

A Group of Dominion Police Constables Who Enlisted With 1st Division, C.E.F.

Canadian Troops on Garrison Duty in Bermuda.

As Viewed Fkom Ottawa

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

(Continued)

Watson, Capt. A.
Williams, Chas. McA.
Withrow, Lieut. W. J.
"Weldon, F. A.
Wall, Lieut. S. L.
Whitehead, Lieut. Geo.

DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS

Armstrong, A.
Annandale, T. S.
Angel, M. R.
Adams, F. M.
Andrews, Lieut. H. B.
Allen, E. V.
Addison, G. W.
Aldersmith, H. A.
Andrew, James
Adam, J. A.
Brennan, T. S.
Bacon, Lieut.-Col. L. T.
Byron, Roy
Burns, Wm. G.
Bacon, A. A. M.
Bennett, R. J.
Barton, J. F.

Ball, Lieut. Herb. Eldridge
Beckett, T. A.
Bryans, W. H.
Bartlett, Henry
Bell, Geo.

Buisson, Lieut. C. O.
Burton, A. C.
Bent, C. E.
Blurton, J. F.
Birton, J. W.
Burnett, W. B.
Bannann, J. H.
Bleakney, A. S.
Black, Ian M.
Bain, Duncan
Barker, W. J.
Bell, D. R.
Best, R. H.
Black, H. E.
Burgess, F. O.
Bush, W. T.
Bourget, Clemont
Boutillier, M. C.
Baker, H. E.
Blair, G. C.
Bromley, Vincent
Carberry, Samuel
Cook, John E.
Cook, Capt. G. H.
Carter, Vere W.
Cargill, John
Cross, C. H.
Chown, Lieut. L- A.
Curphey, Geo. Douglas
Carraichael, Andrew
Cleghorn, P. J. ■
Carter, Llewelyn
Clements, W. H.
Cole, T. W.
Collins, R. W.
Chisholm, A. J.
Chadwick, Capt. H. M.
Coombs, Adjt. G. E.
-Campbell, Lieut. F. A.

Chase, A. E.

Chisholm, Theo.

Clarke, W. G.

Crossan, T. G.

Conyers, Chas.

Camm, F. G.

Duke, J. W.

Denni.son, Philip E.

Dowding, J. W.

Darwin, N. J.

Day, E. C.

Denison, W. T.

Draper, Lieut.-Col. D. C.

Dodds, H,

Douglas, John S.

Duke, J. E.

Davidson, B. F.

Dodds, D. G. H:

Dakers, Joseph

Davies, J. E.

DeGraves, N. J.

Doyle, Lieut. T. V.

Duncan, A. G. W.

Dallin, Percy

Davies, Rhys M.

Davis, H. B.
Edgecombe, Geo.
Edwards, Chas. L.
Ellis, Arthur
Elliot, Major A. H.
Erritt, P. A.
Elson, T. D.
Etter, G. R.
Edwards, Lieut. H. B.
Eggleston, Ed.
Fletcher, C. R.
Fanning, W. J.
Filion, Hector O.
Foreman, J. E.
Farmer, T. W.
Fraser, Chester S.
Fair, Fred A.
Ferguson, Maj. C. E.
Fusee, C. L.
Fite, Capt. N. G.
Fitzgerald, T. F.
Fleming, W. E.
Fulcher, E. J.
Findlay, A. T.
Falkner, T. S.
Fellowes, H. G.
Forbes, J. A.
Forrest, E. L.
Fawcett, E. L.
Fischer, Leonard
Gardner, Grayson C.
Griesbach, Lieut. H. H.
Graham, J. H.
Geen, E. A.
Greenwood, Geo.
Greig, E. J.
Gardner, W. A.
Ganton, J. A. W.
Glenister, E. D.
Gobb, H. J.
Geoghcgan, G. S.
Gregory, H. R.
Gillespie, Jos.
Gilson, P. W.
Gendreau, Lieut. J. J.
Glass, Lieut.-Col. J. J.

Gallaher, Robert

Hanright, E. B.

Hanway, J. B.

Harrison, G. F.

Huestis, G. J.

Howard, A. T.

Hind, Stanley

Hall, J. H.

Hay, John

Huston, Lieut. Orville A.

Hindle, D. S.

Hubbard, Arthur

Hope, W. R.

Hall, G. W.

Henry, W. J.

Hawley, Henry

Hastie, J. H.

Hooker, E. D.

Hawkins, C. C.

Hodson, E. S.

Hills, P. A.

Henry, R. L.

Hughes, G. H.

Hutchison, M.

Hawkins, W. A.

Hesson, P. G.

Huntsly, Earl

Hewitt, S. S.

Henshaw, C. G.

Houston, Lieut. R. W.

Ince, Robt,
Johnson, O. W.
Jacques, F. C.
Jacob, F. H.
Johnston, H. W.
Jackson, Lieut. Leon P.
Jones, R. J.
Jobb, R. E. V.
Jackson, R. S.
Jardine, J. R.
Jacobs, Louis
Jarvis, C. D.
Johnson, B. E.
Johnson, P. W.
Kirkpatrick, Lt.-Col. J. R.
Kenny, C. G.
Keeling, S. R.
Kennedy, R. F.
Keating, C. H.
Kemp, Lieut. G. O.
Knowles, B. A.
Knox, Lieut. K. C.
Kerkham, Augustine
Kelly, C. H.

Lamond, John McDonald
Lee, Capt. John E.
Lendrum, Rennie
Lafleur, J. L.
Larcombc, C. R.
Lauzon, W. T.
Larimer, J. W.
LeSucur, W. G.
Lloyd, H. J.
MacEachren, A. F.
Marchant, J. vS.
Manson, David, Jr.
Messier, Joseph
Matheson, Lieut. Kenneth
Moore, Lieut.-Col. E. E. W.
Munro, J. S. H.
Manson, M. W.
MacKinlay Lieut, T. H.

Two Years of War

SERGT. W. A. HAWKINS

134th Battalion, King's Prizeman, Bisley, 1913

(Customs, Toronto)

LIEUT.-COI,. E. E. W. MOORE

O.C. 3rd Brigade, Shorncliffb

(Customs, Hamilton)

LIEUT.-COL. J. R. KIRKPATRICK

O.C. 55th Battalion, C.E.F.

(Customs, Debec, N.B.)

MAJOR H. V. RORKE

20th Battalion

(Customs, Ottawa)

As Viewed From Ottawa

DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS
(Continued)

Moore, H. C.

Mansley, Thos.

Mackay, A. S.

Matheson, J. G.

Moffatt, Jos.

Macpherson, W. E.

Meloche, W. A.

Moss, H. S.

Macpherson, W. W.

Macpherson, W. C.

Munro, H. R.

MacDonald, J. S.

Martin, S. J.

Marshall, R. C.

Magee, H. E.

Morrison, A. M.

Macdonald, D. \V.

McElroy, H. H.

McCullough, J. L.

McClelland, J. Herbert

McMahon, Lieut. R.

McQiiarrie, Lieut. J. C.

McClean, J. W.

McDonald, N. F.

McKinnon, Lieut. N. C.

McSpadden, Lieut. S. G.

McConnell, C. A.

McKibbon, J. H.

McMurray, Oswald

McConnell, W. A.
McDonald, C. K.
McAllister, Robert
McFarlane, Gordon
McLaren, N. W.
McDougald, R. J.
McKennell, Thos.
McLeod, G. R.
McCall, C. W.
McKay, John
McCormick, Arthur
MacNeil, W. J.
Mann, O. M.
Markley, H. L.
Nevill, Lieut B. A.
Norris, G. E.
Noel, O. J.
Oliver, M. W.
O'Doherty, H. A.
Ogden, S. H.
Orr, S. J.

O'Brien, Edward F.
Peterman, Capt. W. F
Prall-Pierre, Lieut. H .^
Parry, Chas.
Pearson, S.
Pollard, E. H. P.
Prosser, H. T.
Pyne, F. H.
Press, H. E.
Penketh, J. A^
Patton, R. P.
Phillips, Lieut. E. M.
Popham, A. E.
Patterson, E. G.
Purser, R. D.
Pugsley, F. C.
Purvis, H. E. A.
Pedlar, Lieut. G. W
Patterson, Lieut. J. I '

Quinn, F. J.

Racette, Jos.

Robinson, W.

Rowat, W. E. A.

Rivard, N. U.

Rowe, Capt. L. R.

Rintoul, A. E.

Raines, L. W.

Rickard, E. E.

Robinson, T. H.

Rorke, Maj. Herbert V.

Robertson, Bert.

Ross, H. A. M.

Rubbra, Capt. T. C.

Robichaud, M. F.

Rankin, H. H.

Ruttle, M. L.

Rattray, W. B.

Ross, J. H.

Robison, R. A.

Roach, Wm.

Rideout, E. A.

Roach, T. M.

Roche, M. J.

Roscoe, W. E.

Scott, W. P.

Stone, P. D.

Saunders, A. N.

Shanahan, J. G.

Smith, F. A.

Spittle, Maj. C. D

Simms, Lieut. T. C.
■ Stewart, D. P.

Stevens, J. L.

Sparks, H. J.

Scharschmidt, Lieut. Howard B.

Saunders, N. M.

Scott, Wm.

Scrivens, E. C.

Shane, J. H.

Stewardson, C. E.

Schaumloffcl, D.

Summers, C. E.

Spence, C. D.

Salt, E. C. P.

Spice, Wm.

Shaver, G. M.

Sirois, Lieut., C. H. T.

Smith, A. A.

Shaw, Maj. P. C.

Smyth, Hugh

Smith, A. H.

Stanley, C. W.

Saunders, A. N.

Scatched, J. L.

Tubman, Leslie

Thieme, Lieut. S. H.

Terry, G. S.

Tonge, T. B.

Targett, E. A.

Taylor, Walter,

Tobin, T. T.

Turner, W. L.

Tate, T. G.

Tait, V. A.

Taylor, Tho.-;.

Thompson, T. H.

Titus, Capt. H. D.

Thompson, F. J.

Tossell, C. A.

Tumbull, Wm.

Urquhart, G. B.

Walker, S. H.
Wetmore, C. P.
Wilson, Byron
Willis, E. N.
Wilcox, F. H. C.
Walker, Harold
Webber, A. W.
Wilson, F. J.
Webster, R. D.
Wilson, J.
Watts, J. W.
Wooster, Harry
Wadlou, H. G.
Williams, Arthur
Wilcox, J. R.
Weippert, C. E. N.
Ware, D. R.
Ward, A. B.
Ware, J. A.
Witt, W. E,
Webb, Lieut. L. C.
Weldon, A. D.
Wilson, Fred. J.
Watts, A. E.
Whillans, Robt.
Young, J. A.
Zannetin, Rudolphe

DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE

Acland, Major P. P.
Anderson, M. G.
Grierson, Capt. F'rank
Langdon, E. T.
O'Connor, A. R. M.
Viets, Capt. R. B.
Williams, Roderick

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

Armstrong, Gibson

Ainley, L. F.

Arthur, Dr.

Bradley, Lieut. -Col. Thos. P.

Bunn, Lieut. C. R.

Blakeman, Dr.

Brown, Dr.

Baker, Lieut. M. D.

Bourinot, Lieut. A. S.

Bristow, Albert

Bennett, A. E.

Cogswell, E. B.

Campbell, Lieut. -Col. Glen

Cooke, Lieut. C. A.

Cathcart, Lieut. J. S. .

Chisholm, Dr.

Clancy, Lieut. G. S.

Christie, Lieut. C. H.

Gumming, Major W. G.

Davies, Lieut. G.

Dallin, W. G.

Daunt, A. O. N.

Evans, Dr.

English, Rev. W. H.

Ewing, W. T.

Francis, L. G.

Foster, W. G.

GilJespie, J. J.

Graves, Lieut. C. A.

Gillies, Lieut. J. Z.

Hughes, Constable

Hewitt, Lieut. C. D.

Hobart, Lieut. S. W.

Hill, J. S.

Two Years of War

DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

(Continued)

Hannington, Darrell P.

Jones, Joseph.

Logie, Lieut. H. B.

Lazier, Lieut. D. B.

Lawther, Alfred.

Morris, Dr.

Monkman, Capt. Herbert Stanlej-

Morgan, A. J.

Marshall,

Morton, Dr.

Milburn, Dr.

McGill, Harold

McNaughton, J. C.

McPherson, Rev. D.

Nash, L. R. H

Orok, Lieut. R. D.

Orok, W. F.

Park, Lieut. A. W.

Phillips, Dr.

Pugh, J. E.

Pringle, Robert

Peat, G. B.

Prevost, J. M. E.

Robertson, Capt. Donald

Robertson, W. E.

Robins, Majcr S. J.

Robertson, W.

Sponagle, J. A.

Salmon, R. S.

Sparrow, C. J.

Smith, Maj. Gordon J.

Sioux, Z.

St. John, Lieut. F. A.
Swift, Geo.

Saunders, Lieut. T. F.
Traynor, Lieut. S.
Tran, Lieut.
Thorman, Rev.
Taylor, W. R.
Templeton, Dr.
Valery, Chas.
Waddy, J. W.
Wallace, Lieut. Douglas
Wallace, Lieut. A. H.
Wright, Lieut. J. T.

DEPARTMENT OF INLAND REVENUE

Allen, Bertram K.
Beaudet, Phillippe A.
Beaulieu, R.
Bell, W. H.
Bruce, G. D.
Bell, W. H.
Bowen, F. C.
Corsan, Kenneth Craig
Clements, Roy S.
Davies, W. E.
Dupre, Henry A.
Elliott, G. F.
Gibson, C.

Grouger, Fred Vining
Huggett, A. P.
Hudon, M. L. E.
Hood, Henry

Hunter, Williston Meredith

Johnson, George

Kelso, John Proctor

Laurence, Ed.

Laperrier, L. A.

Lefebvre, Major Alfred

Matthews, Sub.-Lt. E. D. K.

Mara, J. L.

McKibbon, W. S.

McSpadden, Melrose

McFce, Capt. A. C.

Nicholl, F. A.

Noonan, Lieut. Henry Thos.

Orr, Henry N.

Power, >Sub-Lieut. O. S.

Rioual, Yves

Roche, Walter John

Skelton, Alex. Ralph ■■

Smith, Arthur Fred

Smith, Donald John

Welsh, W. R.

Webber, Louis.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Addison, Lieut. Wm. G.
Archibald, Major G. Grassie
AUinson, J. D.
Arnold, Capt. F. G.
Anderson, Geo, W.
Aktoersky, A.
Anderson, T.
Arbogast, E. C.
Anderson, Lieut. Wm.

LIEUT.-COL. GLEN CAMPBELL

Commanding 107th Battalion

(Indian Affairs, Winnipeg)

CAPT. DONALD ROBERTSON,
O.C. 51ST Battery, C.F.A.
(Indian Affairs, Ottawa)

As Viewed From Ottawa

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

(Continued)

Atchison, N. B.
Allan, F. M.
Armstrong, Cecil W.

AUanach, Arthur

Alexander, Lieut. Jno. P.

Anderson, Capt. Cecil H.

Armstrong, J. D.

Audoire, N.

Anderson, Louis Erie

Allen, R. L.

Bolton, Lambert Ernest

Beardsley, G. P.

Blaikie, Antone Arthur

Baxter, Robert Isaac

Blue, Major Wm. Arch.

Bothwell, Lieut. G. E.

Boles, D. H.

Bott, C.

Broadbent, H.

Brophy, J. B.

Bacon, Arthur L.

Blackstock, Lieut. Geo. G.

Boyd, W. H.

Bertram, P. G.

Beauchamp, Geo. E.

Bernard, W. S. H.

Barge, Wm. R.

Blacklock, T. B.

Burton, Major R. H.

Beddoe, Allan B.

Baril, J. L. Conrad

Brace, Wm.

Bowden, H. E.

Burt, T. H.

Beatty, E.

Beatty, F. W.

Britton, G. C.
Browne, E. F.
Blatch, Lieut. Floyd K.
Brown, Loren L.
Bailey, Fred. Geo.
Burfield, Francis R.
Boyd, Lieut. Wm. Jas.
Bradley, H. A.
Burrill, W. R.
Barton, Lieut. H. M.
Byron, Lieut. Ross.
Bick, Lieut. A. H.
Barrv, Patrick Jas.
Blytiic, G. G.
Burgess, Lieut. D. L.
Black, Capt. Geo.
Berton, Frank G.
Barlett, Lieut. W. H.
Calverley, O.
Cadieux, Jos. A.
Connolly, Francis L.
Cameron, Geo. V.
Chamonard, L. M. G.
Corkery, Patricjc A,
Corry, J. H.
Conant, Maj. E. E. W.
Craik, C. V.
Clifford, E. S.
Cotton, Lieut. C. P.
Chalmers, E. B.
Child, Capt. C. G.
Corbould, Lieut. C. B.
Cadieux, J. A.

Cain, R. C.

Currie, J. A.

Clarke, A. D.

Cottam, B. A. J.

Cowley, C. B.

Collins, G. H. A.

Cruikshanks, Robert

Cheney, Lieut. H. W.

Cox, Richard

Cotton, E. J.

Cawthorn, Jos.

Campbell, Wtp. Boyd

Coulter, Robt. John

Chisholm, Kenneth G.

Choquette, Arnold Z.

Clarke, G. W.

Carscallen, Lieut. Hobart H.

eleven, Capt. Ender J.

Carson, F. W.

Cowan, J. C.

Clarke, E. W.

Cameron, D. G.

Cannell, H. W.

Corcoran, J. B.

Chisholm, Lieut. D. F.

Carthew, Lieut. W. M.

Campbell, Lieut. Robt. A. Rankine

Carthew, J. T.

Clifford, Major E. .S.

Cumming, A. M.

Clarke, R. F.
Clouston, N. S.
Campbell, Capt. F.
Campbell, Dawson
Chapman, F. O.
Cook, M. S.
Clements, Harry E.
Dunn, P. L.
deKam, Major C. H.
Dow, W. E.

deBalinhard, Lieut. J. C.
Delahey, W. A.
Duncan, Lieut. S. M.
Donaldson, J. C.
Douglas, E.
Dann, Lieut. Eyre N.
Davis, Chas. Geo.
Dowd, J. A.
Dalton, Lieut. Geo.
Dexter, W. E.
Dawson,
Donnelly, C. B.
Davis, Lieut. B.
Dovle, F.
Dale, C.

Davies, Llewellyn
Doyle, M.
DeCew, R. M.
Dawes, W.
Devitt, E. A. A.
Emery, G. A. R.
Esther, Leo. G.
Elliott, Lieut. Geo. R.
Evans, Wm; H.
Eagleson, Lieut. S. P.
Emond, Oliver
Edwards, H. E.
Elias, Arthur E.
Everett, E. G.
Eagleson, Frank B.
Eyles, John

Forbes, Capt. J. W.
Foursin, Pierre
Fitzgibbons, G.
Fuller, G. G.
Fane, Major F. W. W.
Fischer, A.
Fischer, F.
Fincham, H. F.
Frith, Edward V.
Ford, John
Fitzgerald, C. C.
Eraser, F. K. W.
Ferrier, Lieut. J. S.
Fletcher, W. A.
Fjelsted, Asgeir
Gaudet, J. V.
Goodchild, I,ieut. R. H.
Godfrey, Wm.
Gow, D. B.
Gordon, W. S.
Griffiths, Lieut. W.
Gillmore, Major E. T. B.
Gordon, E.
Gill, Lieut. D. B.
Grant, R.
Greene, D. J.
Graham, Lieut. Max H.
Gleeson, L. J.
Gauthier, H.
Gow, F. A. R.
Glover, Frank
Gray, W. F.
GiUis, W. C.
Gray, Major A. W.
Guthrie, W. G.
Gallaher, Capt. O. G.
Hall, A. H.
Harron, J. J.
Howard, Paul
Hughes, E. W.
Hodson, E. S. G.
Hepburn, Jas.
Haddeland, Capt. Knute.
Harrison, Lieut. E. W.
Halcrow, Geo.
Harvey, R.
Haworth, F.
Holt, J. S.
Hutchison, J. A.
Hornby, Lieut. C. B.
Hall, Frank
Harris, C. L.
Hill, L. A.
Hearnden, J. R.
Huggins, J. A.
Hewitt, Thos.
Humphreys, H. W. R.
H or wood, H.
Hunter, W. E.
Hill, C. W.
Heaslip, T. S.
Hull, Claude
Hornby, E. L.
Hutcheson, Lieut. W. B.
Hannell, L.
Hay, J.
Higgs, G.
Heathcotc, R. V.
Hunt, S.
Hoover, O. H.
Inman, D. C.
Inkster, Lieut. F. R.

100

Two Years of War

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
(Continued)

Isabelle, U.
Ince, R. A.
Inkster, O. E.
Jennings, Capt. P. J.
Jankiencz, Anthony
Jacques, J. B.
Jolivet, Lieut. A. E.
Jones, Capt. & Adjt. J. H.
Johnston, E. McD.
Jerman, A.
Johnston, J.
Kaine, Alex.
Kerby, Lieut. H. G.
Koyle, E. G.
Kensit, H. E. M.

Linford, Walter Chas.
Latimer, Lieut. W. R.
Leitch, J. S.
Lough, J. H.
Lewis, Lieut. R. G.
Logan, R. A.
Lawrence, C. A.
Laferriare, J. A.
Leach, H. O.
LeClaire, John B.
Martens, Geo.
Millar, T. A.
Morse, C. H.
Maxwell, Capt. M. W.
Maunder, F. E.
MacLean, A. S.
Martin, F.
Mason, C. H.

Murdie, Lieut. W. C.
MuUer, R. V.
Maxted, C. P.
Matheson, R. E.
Matthews, T. J.
Miller, R. A.
Meikle, A. U.
Mott, Major G. L.
Moran, P. J.
Montgomery, D. V.
Macinnes, Maj. M. A
Morris, Percy
Mahaffy, A. L.
Munro, A. S.
Munro, R. N.
Moore, F. J.
Moxon, J. T.
McDonald, J. A.

LiEUT.-CoL. S. Mayn.^kd Rogers, G.S.O., Valcabtier.
Formerly O.C. 10th Battalion, (Interior, Ottawa)

Kane, P. T.
Keeping, Lieut. K.
Kirk, J. C.
Knight, Geo. W.
Letcher, J. J.
Lynch, T. F.
Landski, J.
Leacock, H. W.
Leckie, W.
Langford, E, W.
Leman, P. G.
Lyndon, W. A.
Langdon, A. F.
Lawe, R. A.
Linford, W. J.

MuUan, J,
Merifield, J. R.
Millward, L. N.
Maclaren, W. J.
Mainguy, H. L.
Mellor, J. R.
Moore, R. T.
Maunder, J. F. C.
Morin, T. J.
MacKinnon, Jas. A.
Macmillan, Lieut. A. J.
Miller, Lieut. A. H.
Mennie, E. T.
Mehagan, John
Menzies, Lieut. J. W.

McNeil, J. R.
McLellan, W. B.
McConnachie, Allan
McMillan, E. S.
McDougall, D. C.
McGee, Lieut. Frank C.
McDonell, John
McCracken, Alex.
McLennan, Capt. A. G.
McPhail, N. R.
McMorris, Geo.
McFarlane, A. T.
McAUister, B. D.
McElligott, J. P.
McCulIough, A. F.

As Viewed From Ottawa

101

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

(Continued)

McClenahan, W. S.

McDonnell, J.

McCallum, Lieut. G. H.

McCaffrey, W. R.

McNeight, H.

McCourt, Lieut. C. R.

McLeod, D. D.

McLellan, R. A.

McNeil, Neil M.

McDonald, E.

McCort, C. R.

Nackawao, M.

Nelson, David

Neale, W. A.

Nettleton, G. H.

Northrup, J. D.

Nesham, E. W.

Neelands, R. A.

Naftel, F. E.

O'Grady, S. C.

Oliver, Allan

Olmstead, Chas.

Owen, E. R.

O'Kelly, Major Andrew

O'Connor, J. L.

O'Grady, W. J.

Odell, Kenneth R.

Paul, John McN.

Pirie, Alex.

Perry, C.

Pierce, B. C.

Pearson, H. E.

Parlow, A. E.

Pegg, Alfred

Price, C, H.

Peddle, Ernest

Price, Edward

Patterson, Lieut. J. C.

Palmer, Capt. Robt. H.

Paquette, A.

Parker, Lieut. Thos. Harold

dePuyjalon, Lieut. R. R.

Pratte, J. G. C. R.

Peaker, Roy

Pinard, Major A. A.

Pelletier, Capt. N. E.

Plaskett, H. H.

dePuyjalon, Lieut. L.

Pounder, J.

Parry, Harry

Pinder, G. Z.

Pugh, Major, S. W.

Ross, John T.

Rankine, John

Ross, A. C.

Richardson, C. E.

Rose, W. B.

Racette, J. B. P.

Rogers, Lieut. -Col. S. Maynard

Ringer, J. A.

Robinson, Capt."C. W.

Raynor, Geo. Townsend

Robertson, W. G.

Robins, Ralph

Raley, Lieut. G. S.

Riddle, Lieut. J. M.

Roe, B. J.

Rooney, C. J.

Rolfson, O.

Reeve, A. S.
Rogers, H. B.
Robertson, F. B,
Rutherford, R. T.
Simpson, C. G.
Simpson, J. N.
Shenton, L. E. M.
Scougall, G. H.
Sutheriand, N. McL.
Smith, G. S.
Spence, A. B.
Spreckley, R. O.
Souillard, Henri
Sharpe, H. A.
Steljes, E. J.
Surgeoner, Geo.
Shaw, J. F.
Smith, H. C. B.
Seaman, Lieut. L.
Smith, David
Smith, Alfred J.
Smith, A. P.
Strome, J. R.
Smith, F. S.
Scandrett, W. L.
Scrasse, Frank
Smith, Lieut. H. D. St. A.
Sparkes, Capt. G. S.
Sharp, Lieut. W. J. S.
Scale, N. C.
Smith, Clifford G.
Shehyn, R.
Shimmin, A. E.

Stewart, J.

Stinson, J. N.

Staines, A. T.

Stevenson, Lieut. -Col. H. '..

Stronach, Lieut. R. S.

Savignac, W. F.

Stother, Capt. J. H.

Stout, J. S.

Slade, W. T.

Summers, J. W.

Sykes, P.

Steers, Lieut. F. B.

Segre, B. H.

Stock, Lieut. Jas. J.

Stanford, Lieut. J. H.

Storey, W.

Spencer, Capt. R. A.

Sibbett, W. A.

Smith, L. R.

Stitt, O. M.

Smythe, A. E.

Smith, J. W.

Switzer, Lieut. W. C. S.

Sales, Stephen

Trapnell, Donald N.

TuthiU, W. F.

Taylor, L. B.

Turner, J. H.

Thompson, Donald

Thompson, Lieut. N. A.

Trudel, P. E.

Troop, Fred

Traversy, A. A.

LIEUT.-COL. H. I. STEVENSOX,

Commanding 1st Mounted Rifles

(Interioh, Rorlin)

102

Two Years of War

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

(Continued)

Taylor, W. E.
Tremblay, A. J.
Teare, F.

Toole, Lieut. E. T.
Tredcroft, E. H.
Thompson, H. B. R.
Taylor, Geo. H.
Tilt, L. C.
Vicars, J. H.
Vickerman, S. T.
Vrooman, C. E.
White, Lieut. W. T.
Wood, Sidney
Wallace, W. H.
Whyte, Lieut. G. H.
Wade, J. S.
Woodruff, B. J.
Wanless, H. McD.
Wilson, V. C.
Wade, H. J.
Wey, H.
Wyatt, A. E.
Webb, Jos.
Williams, J. L.
Wood, P. A.
Wood, Maj. E. E.
Williams, E. R.
West, Lieut. C. E.
Wallis, G. S.
West, J. H.
Weskett, Fred C.

Wilkes, J. M. H.
Webb, W.
Waddell, W. H.
Wadlin, L. N.
Waugh, B. W.
Westmorland, H.
Williamson, A. E.
Wimberly, A. C.
Woodman, T.
Yates, Lieut. H.
Young, A.
Young, R. H.
Young, Leslie G.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Brownbridge, C. H.

deSalaberry, Lieut. -Col. Rene

Dolphin, J. E.

Devicq, H. F.

Empey, Robert W.

Hughes, Brig.-Gen. W. St P.

Higginson, J. L.

McCormack, S.

McKay, John

Stead, W. C.

Sergeant, F.

Wells, W. A.

Wood, Wm.

Williams, L.

Wilson, K.

DOMINION POLICE

Armstrong, J.

LIEUT.-COL. RENE de SALABERRY

O.C. 230th Battalion, "Voltigeurs"

(Justice, Ottawa)

Butchers, F.
Butchers, H. R.
Brarahall, W.
Champion, A. G.
Foran, W. D.
Hibbard, A.
Ingram, G.
Kirk, F.

Macdonald, D. E.
Macdonlad, E.
Nicholson, A.
Wilson, John T.
Wilkinson, E. A,
Williams, John

DEPARTMENT OF LABOUR

Ainsborough, Wra. P.
Killins, Wm. J.
Whitley, Lieut. H. T. C.

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES

Anderson, A. C.

Bouchard, P.

Briggs, H.

Beak, W. F.

Ballard, O. B

Burke, W.

Burke, Crozier W.

Chevrier, F.

Cross, A.

Clark, Capt. & Adjt. Ed.

Carruthers, J. C.

Carter, R. O.

Cog, W. E. V.

Cromwell, C. A.

Durand, Ernest

Drummond, P. W.

Drummond, L. B.

Dansereau, Lieut. F.

Davidson, W. M.

Disbrow, John R.

Davis, J. C.

Eon, Pierre

Ewing, J. H.

Eyre, R. H.

Gingras, A.

Gurney, A. B.

Garnham, F.

Hallett, Gordon

Holmden, Capt. S. M.

Hamblin, A.

Henderson, John

Hill, Dr.

Hansen, A. J.

Hamel, Lieut. Jos.

Hersey, O.

Hainsworth, Gilbert

Hughes, H. S.

Hickey, E. J.

Johnston, A.

Jones, Lieut. T. S.

Kelso, H.

Kuhring, P.

Lynch, C.

Langton, P.

Leveille, H.

Lynch, H.

Lavergne, J. D.

Martel, Simon

Murray, R. M.

As Viewed From Ottawa

103

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND
FISHERIES— Continued

Mason, Lieut. J. B.

Martin, A.

Maxwell, G. M.

Martin, J. M.

Murray, H. J.

Mason, Capt. F. E.

Martin, J. M.

Monteith, Fred.

McDonald, Cuthbert G.

McKellar, D.

McDonald, J. H.

McLean, N. B.

McNeill, T.

McGreevy, H. S.

Nolet, E.

Oliver, W.

Owen, H. W.

Pickard, F. F.

Peaker, Lieut. Cecil Howard

Pender, T.

Rogers, R. A.

Stewart, Thos.

Stevens, P. H.

Sunstrum, J.

Skuce, J. M.

Slocum, G. S.

Theakston, J. C.

Thompson, Commander Henry

Trites, C. B.

Watson, Wm.

White, Lieut. P. R.

Wialliard, R. A.

Wilby, A. W. R.

Wilmot, C. T.

Wright, Leith

DEPARTMENT OF MILITIA AND
DEFENCE

Bovey, E. T.

Barwick, F. J.

Cardew, R.

Conway, H.

Cairns, S. J.

Craig, W. E.

Dewar, Cecil J.

Donovan, J.

Denmark, J. C.

Dick, R. J.

Deneau, F.

Ferrugia, J.

Footit, G.

Gifford, V. R.

Humphreys, W. G.

Johnson, W.

Johnston, W.

Lamplough, L. A.

Long, F. W.

Lewis, A. G.

Macpherson, Leiut. J. S. B.

Monger, R. C.

McLaren, W. L.

McCleary, G.

McClosky, W. J.

Ogilvie, Capt. Norman Craik

Roy, Eugene

Ricketts, W. H.

Slack, Gilbert R.

Short, S. Herbert

Seale, W. R.

Stitt, Wm.

Savage, C. E.

Thexton, Leiut. Robt. D.

Theriault, A.

Warren, J. J.

Wallace, T.

Wood, C. R.

DEPARTMENT OF MINES

Alexander, Lieut. S. G.
Cox, A.

Haultain, Lieut. A. G.
Lawson, Capt. W. E.
LeRoy, Capt. O. E.
McLean, Lieut. S. C.
McDonald, Donald
O'Leary, Capt. J. C. R. E.
Pereira, A.
Richard, L. N.
Sheppard, A. C. T.
Schofield, S. J.
Westwood, D.
Wyatt, A. W.

DEPARTMENT OF NAVAL SERVICE

Arnold, Flight Sub-Lieut. Horwood James

Adie, E.

Brown, A. E.

Buddy, F.

Butler, Francis A.

Catt, James

Chappie, E.

Coulter, A. B.

Cox, F. E.

Connor, Maurice

Crew, H. O.

Delaute, F.

Dupuis, J. R.

Douglas, Geo. F.

Dumontrie, A. E.

Evans, Austin J.

Grey, J. D.

Gregor, G. W.

Gibbs, H. L.

Hargraves, C.

Jeffrey, C. L.

Johnson, B. L.

Jordon, Robt.

Knight, J. H.

Kenny, M. E.

Kelly, Edward

Kennedy, W.

Kniffer, Audrey

Lihou, A.

Lloyd, A. Frank

Lawson, H. H.

Laird, Alex

Leach, H. W.

Landrey, H. L.

Leader, John

Miller, W. J.

MacDonald, C. B. R.

Minot, G.

Melvin, J. W. P.

Miller, A.

Moore, R. A.

Motherwell, J. A.

MacDonald, E.

MacDonald, M. R.

McCauley, Wm.

McDonald, John

McGillivray, E. F.
Nation, J. C.
Owen, C. J.
Pettit, P. S.
Parnin, Julian,
Pye, N. G.
Parker, O. R.
Pollard, A. E.
Quarrington, A. B.
Reid, A. M.
Robson, H. S.
Robertson, W. G.
Robinson, M. S.
Ridley, John
Roberge, Leo
Sedgwick, Henry
Scaramell, P. F.
Sinclair, C. A.
Shaw, C. B.
Smith, A.
Smith, F. C. G.
Sangstad, R.
Sinclair, N. L.
Stephenson, J. S.
Turner, J. A.
Travers, Oliver,
Thompson, N. L.
Thorburn, C. H.
Turner, J. E.
Truthwaite, Alfred,
Warren, H.
Wootton, E. H.
Whiteside, Capt. A. F.
Wright, Lieut. W. J.

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

Alexander, W. C.

Angwin, W.

Adarason, W.

Adams, V.

Arantzabe, Jos.

Attenborough, W.

Amory, A. H.

Allen, Jas.

Armstrong, G. E.

Allard, A. J.

Armstrong, F.

Allard, F.

Ansley, Wm. Jas.

Aitkin, Wm. Alex.

Atkinson, John Dupleix

Alcock, Roy Alex.

Arnot, John

Atkinson, H.

Ardagh,

Atkinson, W. T.

Armstrong, Frederick Wm.

Austin, Arthur Henry

Axtell, Willi am

Agassiz, Harold Romilly Garnauk

Armstrong, Harold Thos. R.

Aird, Geo. D.

Atkin, Tempest

Adair, Richard D.

Ardoino, Geo.

Anderson, Roy.

Adams, Neefort

Allen, Sid.

Alderson, A. Chas.

Archibald, Alf. Jas.

Armstrong, F. W.

104

Two Years of War

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(Continued)

Agnew, W. V.
Bennett, Geo.
Belbin, Ernest E.
Bashell, Fred. Geo.
Binarsson, Johannes.
Bryans, Arthur Chas.
Bowman, Samuel
Bowie, Jas. Tullock
Bowman, Chester E.
Breton, Desire
Burton, Art. Clarence
Butcher, Alfred
Baldry, Robt. Ernest
Beer, Henry Pape
Bowyer, Kenneth Alex.
Barbour, Lachlan McK.
Baxter, Karl Eldridge
Boocock, Herb Stanley
Brett, Edward
Brown, Wm. Walter
Bovaird, H. S.
Badger, E. W.
Barrett, Jno. Clarence
Barton, Jno. Masters
Bedgar, Robert
Bertwhistle, Leon
Brunne, Albert Henry
Brown, Chas. G.
Boyd, W. A.
Baldock, Geo. H.
Bowler, Walter
Belanger, J. O.
Baker, Austin
Boulay, Jos.
Bourgoin, H.
Botting,
Barber,

Bell, T. F.

Brailton, A. V.

Bolster, H. D.

Bates, R.

Baxter, John

Bunco, E.

Burke, W.

Biddle, B.

Brook, Lieut. Maurice

Boyle, James

Burton, A. V.

Bloomfield, G. C.

Berridge, S. C

Bond, J. C.

Booth, Frank

Belford, S. M.

Bennett, T. W.

Blaney, C. T. C.

Britton, A. W.

Belcher, W. H.

Bourne, Victor Albert

Benoit, J.

Blake, A. C.

Byers, F. W.

Broughton, W. S.

Bradley, J.

Bryson, T.

Burnett, T.

Burns, L. W.

Book, A. B.

Bell, W. W.

Barnett, H. A.

Baker, M.

Brennan, Wm.

Seattle, M. W.

Barry, W. E.

Beaton, G. M.

Beatty, G. M.

Brennan, W.

Bundle, G. L.

Bacon, J. C.

Bate, S. C.

Blain, H.

Beattie, F. T. W.

Bottomley, Lieut. Jno. W.

Boswell, J.

Barnwell, L.

Bauer, F. W. H.

Bannister, W.

Blore, G. E.

Barry, F. H.

Buchanan, W. J.

Blakeraore, J. W.

Baird, George

Blackmore, A.

Bolduc, Eugene

Burlton, V. A.

Bourgeois, Rene

Benoit, B.

Brooks, J. H.

Baker, Chas. Harold

Barnett, Frederick

Bath, James Lloyd

Beaudoin, Jos.

Blarney, Richard Grant

Burgesse, Elmore Francis

Bryson, Jas. H.

Blake, Geo. W,

Boggs, Herbert Alfred

Bowtle Geo. Alfred

Bradley, Thomas

Britton, Edward

Broderick, Michael Edward

Brown, Ernest Ward

Bryan, Charles

Byers, Frederick Wm.

Baker, Wm. Cliff

Best, Harold
• Booth, Reginald

Bartlett, Fred. Chas.

Bohdashevsky, Geo.

Boyd, Thos. Wm.

Beaudin, Louis Jos. A.

Barker, Frank

Black, Alfred Henry

Bolingbroke, Ernest

Bonfield, John

Bowen, Richard J.

Bain, Wm. Ballantyne

Barker, Percival M.

Bartlett, Wm. Jas.

Brice, Edgar Wm.

Bristow, Geo. E. A.

Brooks, Robt. Bruce

Broughton, Frank

Cecil, Edgar E.

Ching, Harry

Cameron, H. T.

Cripps, S. J.

Cooch, Angus G.

Conroy, Lieut. Phihp S.

Coe, Stanley M.

Caillaud, Rene

Chagnon, Fred. H.

Coulter, A.

Caldwell, Bruce McGregor
Cuddington, F.
Cox, Hiram B.
Carr, F. E.
Clarke, E. C.
Carter, H. A.
Carmichael, J.
Carson, Geo, A.
Crossfield, F. J.
Currie, Wm. Gordon
Carswell, Leslie E.
Cook, Wm. Carrington
Currie, H. J.
Cunliffe, R J.
Cousins, F. W.
Clelland, W. F.
Cessford, John
CoUette, G. E.
Clark, F. C. A.
Cooper, E. C.
Calhoun, G. W.
Cleghorn, G. S.
Carter, G. S.
Chapman, F. J.
Cameron, M. B.
Cameron, Stanley
Courtney, Geo.
Croft, C. W.
Church, G. L.
Caldwell, J.
Conover, J. D.
Cupitt, Richard
Collister, D.
Cairns, Jos.
Campbell, W. F.
Copeland, Jas.
Corbelly, J. A.
Creighton, M.
Cox, Edwin B.
Curlew, F.
Cormack, W. J.
Crombie, V. R. A.

Curlew, Geo.

Christian, Geo.

Crosby, E. W.

Curran, S. E.

Cooke, C.

Connor, L.

Craigmyle, W.

Clark, H. R. A.

Coffe, T. L.

Carlyon, A. F. M.

Chantrell, Wm. S.

Clayton, J. L.

Carr, Wm. P.

Cartwright, Thos. Alex.

Casey, Patrick Benedict

Chouinard, Germain

Clark, Wm. John

Cooksey, Wm. Joseph

Corbett, Wm. Robt. Andrew

Cote, Emile Odina

Crichton, Alex.

Culin, Benjamin

Colpman, Frank Jos.

Cook, Robt.

Corley, Jas. Britton

Crane, C. J.

Croddock, B.

Curtis, H. H.

Clark, Harry

As Viewed From Ottawa

105

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(Continued)

Christy, Thos. Jas.
Corcoran, John Andrew
Cross, Alfred
Cuddington, Frank
Cummer, Royden V.
Cuthberston, Hugh Wm.
Cairns, Harry
Cameron, Wm. Thos.
Chainey, Geo. Ed.
Clewes, Harry Ralph
Cox, Robt. Henry
Curie, Robt. Wallace
Cumming, L. S.
Compton, H. B.
Carder, Sidney
Counter, Geo. William
Causton, Robt. Oscar
Christie, Chas. Oliver
Chudley, Ernest George
Church, Thos. Richard
Craig, John
Crane, Cecil John
Cunliffe, Herbert
Currie, Harold John
Carlin, Chas. Edward
Clark, Alex. Huntley
Clyne, David
Carson, Harry M.
Clark, Jas. H.
Cline, Arthur Roy
Copelarrd, Chester R.
Collins, Fred. Alex.
Carruthers, Ernest Jos.
Cheasley, Albert Ed.
Clamp, Richard M.
Cock, Alex Marshall
Coyle, Ed. John
Cathcart, Cecil Evert
Craig, M. D.
Coppleman, A.
Daragon, H.
Drouet, M.
Duboulay, J. A.
Dow, S. A.
Dalton, Chas.
Duthoit, A. G.
Didsbury, W. H.
Doyle, Alfred E.
Dewar, Earle, L.
Davenport, Cyril
Devall, W. H.
Davidson, A.
Day, R. P.
Dartois, Hyp.
Denholn, W.
Doak, H.

Ducharme, L. J. A.
Dwycr, A. J.
Dube, L.
Dawson, J. E.
Dudley, J. H. ■
Daley, Alfred James
Dalgleish, Harry Stork
Davis, Percy
Denholn, David
Doran, Fred
Ducharme, Louis Jos.
Dutot, Percy Davis
Duhamel, Jos.

Doyle, J. J.

Davis, H. K.

De Blais, Chas.

Dionne, C. J.

Davis, A. M.

Dussault, J. L.

Dargie, D. M.

Durrant, J. A. W.

Dolby, J. W.

Dowsley, H. N.

Davidson, Chas.

Dunlop, A. L.

Duguid, Wm.

Duggleby, L. H.

Davies, F. W.

Dale, Edward

Devers, W.

Dalton, Albert Edward

Davies, Philip

Davis, Henry

Donnelly, Chas.

Dorion, Wm. Arthur

Dorsett, John

Dunn, John Clarence

Dwyer, Jas. Jos.

Davis, F. C.

Dodd, W. J.

Duck, A. R. B.

deCrozet, Leon R,

deMagnes, Louis

deMontingy, J.

Davenport, Claude

Davis, Fred. Mark

Davis, Humphrey Kebble

Dibble, Harry

Duncan, James

Dunlop, Bert Roger

Daun, Alexander

deSausmarez, Cyril Algenon Wentworth

Dufour, Miss E. G.

Dewsbury, Jonathan John Chas.

Doyle, Jas. Adolphus

Dunnam, Wm. John

Dexter, Wm. Daniel

Dingley, Leonard Ed.

Davidson, Andrew M.

Edwards, Wm. Alfred

Edwards, L.

Elsworth, J.

Exham, L. A.

Edmunds, G. P.

Evans, A. C.

Elliott, Geo. Chisholm.

Erichson, Herbert

Evans, Evan Idris

Emsley, A. L. S.

Ellison, Wm. Thomas

Ennis, Robert Downey

Egelton, Albert Edward

Eve, Wm. F.

Eraser, Harold Grant

Francis, R. B.

Forrest, James.

Flood, Timothy

Farmer, Fred

Frost, J. S.

Fultz, F. S.

Field, A. F.

Franck, H.

Eraser, J. E.

Fair, D. Geo.

Flaherty, Tim.

Fletcher, Jas.

Fish, John

Forgie, John

Ford, Frank F.

Frichette, R.

Eraser, G. P.

Fuller, Ernest Lind. Jas.

Eraser, Jas. Edwin

Fyfe, Jas.

Fegan, J.

Felice, Silvil

Foster, Albert Geo.

Fletcher, N. S.

Farren, E.

Fateux, Jos. Emile

Fellows, Thos.

Eraser, F. O.

Eugard, Percy

Farr, David William

Forbes, Robert Lewis

Fauvel, Bertram A.

Farren, Edgar

Fitchett, John Wm.

Francis, Arthur Boughton

Filkin, Richard H.

Francis, Arthur B.

Fulford, Wm. R.

Forbes, Walter A.

Gow, Walter, J.

Gauthier, Origene

Greenhalgh, B. W.

Gow, Lieut. W. G.

Glendinning, W.

Galloway, W. A.

Grimes, Ernest J.

Gillingwater, R. R.

Gilroy, Major S. W.

Grieve, A.

Good, Harold M.

Gould, A.

Girvan, J. P.

Grant, K.

Gilmour, R. B.

Gill, T. H.

Giroux, A.

Gilbert, F.

Ganong, A. T.

Gilson, W.

Graham, A. C. A.

Gibson, C. L.

Godbolt, F.

Gemmill, Wilfred Howie

Gilson, Wm.

Glasgow, Ira Hyde

Graham, Duncan Ernest

Green, Geo. William

Greenwood, Chas. Fenwick

Gress, E. C.

Gilpin, Jas. Wm.

Golby, Gordon Earl

Goodman, Ernest Fred

Graham, Richard Moffatt

Graydon, Jno. Alexander

Green, Jno. McDonald

Gallant, E. G.

Gay, P. C.

Goffin, A. F.

Green, M. E.

Green, J. S.

Guegnen, J. L.

Grant, C. W.

106

Two Years of War

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(Continued)

Gronow, A. G.

Gregory, H.

Goodhew, A.

Goss, E. B.

Grant, E. W.

Graham, W. H.

Gilder, C. F.

Goddard, F. A,

Guiou, G. W.

Garraway, Frank Edward

Gignac, Lud Felix

Goodall, Robt.

Graham, Henry

Gauder, Arthur Chas.

Gardner, Thos. Harvey

Gregory, Richard John

Guyon, Jos. Emile Dieudune

Gibson, Clarence Long

Goodman, Ralph Allan

Gordon, Chas. Alex.

Grant, Carl Winston

Graydon, John Alex.

Gully, Francis Ed.

Gauthier, Hector Desire

Gaiger, Archibald Harold

Grimsditch, Archibald

Gauthier, Ed.

Gay, Fred Moyor

Goldie, Eb. H.

Gow, John Alex.

Gatien, Chas. E.

Gough, John A.

Gee, P.

Hand, F. J.

Hassard, R.

Harvey, L. R. P.

Herrod, R.

Hobday, L. S.

Heys, W.

Hayes, W. J.

Hornby, J.

Hamilton, G. C.

Harlock, M. H.

Hickman, F. D.

Holmes, W. M.

Hitchens, G. F.

Holden, J.

Heaton, H. R.

Hemming, O. J.

Hartling, Lieut. E. A.

Heans, B. G.

Hart, Edward

Hammill, A. H.

Hutchinson, Geo.

Hartwell, H. L. W.

Hyland, A. L.

Hempstock, R.

Hiscock, Edgar

Hanley, W.

Hall, W. W.

Hickman, Frank'D.

Harlow, Ed. Jas.

Hobbs, Albert.

Home, A. J.

Hillen, W. J.

Hunter, Thos.

Hill, W. A.

Heywood, H.

Home, S. E.

Heath, G. D.

Hammond, James

Hurst, H. A.

Hendrie, J. M.

Hirst, F. H.

Harris, Richard Wilson

Hanbridge, E. F.

Hannah, J. D.

Henderson, W. J.

Hine, George

Hughes, H. J.

Howarth, T.

Hardy, H. F.

Harding, Wm.

Hughes, G. E.

Hardwicke, R. J.

Haegert, Samuel L.

Hetherington, J. H.

Hardisty, R. S.

Hobbs, H.

Hilton, W. H.

Hole, Percy H.

Hindle, W.

Haggon, Harold

Hassard, Robt. H.

Higgins, Frank

Holland, Leonard

Holland, William

Houston, Elmer Hamilton

Hughes, Thos. Victor

Hutton, Percy Wm.

Hawgood, Victor Philp

Herst, Robert Cecil

Holt, Clarence W. K.

Huggett, Jas. George
Hughes, Jas. Goxirlay
Hastings, John
Horton, A. H.
Hislop, C. A.
Hall, H. S.
Henderson, A.
Hand, K.
Hopkins, J.
Hoggett, Reginald R.
Holey, Wm. Earl
Hall, Frank

Hamblin, Jno. Ebenezer
Huff, Clarence Simeon
Huntley, J. A.
Hurford, W. H.
Herbert, James Noe
Honey, R. C.
Haney, John Robert
Hammell, Albert Harold
Harrison, David
Harrison, James
Hart, Edward
Hawke, Harry Wm.
Hawkins, Edward
Hayes, Hugh Allan
Hislop, Chas. And.
Hopkins, John
Hughes, Thos. Bell
Huntley, John Arthur
Hutchison, Chas! Thomas
Harvey, Frank
Henderson, Jos. S.
Hunting, Norreys A.
Hupp, Frank A.
Hayes, John J.
Hooper, Harold
Heard, Frank W.

Houston, (Miss) Alice
Hughes, U. Wm.
Henderson, A.
Ingraham, E. R.
Ironside, Gordon Lyall
Ironside, Ernest O.
Irvine, Fred. Jos.
Jeffrey, W. H.
Johnson, A. D. E.
Jarett, S.
Jones, W.
Judges, W. E.
Jacobs, H. R.
Jackson, S.
Jones, F. R.
Jones, H.
Johnstone, J. H.
Jardine, Geo. V.
Jackson, A. B.
Jones, J. E.
Johnston, J. V.
Jacobs, S. H.
Jaques, John
Jackson, Harry H.
Jamieson, John
Jones, Chas. Fred.
Jones, F.
Jones, G. W.
Joyce, M.

Jeffers, Robt. James
Johns, Edward
Jones, S. O.

Jamieson, Elliot Michael
Johnstone, Jas. R.
Johnston, Delbert Ross
James, John Sam'l.
Jarvis, Fred, G. W.
Johnston, Jas. R.
Johnstone, Lieut. G. S.
Johnson, Colin Sam'l,
Kent, R.

King, Stanielor M.
Kennedy, J. D.
Kettles, C.
Kneebone, T. J.
Kerr, K.
Kerr, L. H.
Kerr, W. A.
Kelly, W. J.
King, George
Kinnaird, F. A.
Kirk, Benjamin
Kingscote, C. H.
Kearney, J. A.
Kennedy, Robt. Irvine
Kindelan, Francis Edward
Kimber, W. Henry
Kitson, E.
Kane, James
Keeler, Eric Oscar
Keightley, Thos.
Kendall, Thos.
Klock, Wm. Beresford
Klein, J. H.
Kelly, John Freeman
Kennedy, Albert
Kirby, John Wm.
Kirkpatrick, Wra. John
Knowlton, Cecil H.
Kelly, Jas. Pat.
Kettles, Chas.
Kelly, John

As Viewed From Ottawa

107

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(Continued)

Livingstone, Hugh W.

Lemieux, Victor
Livett, H. S.

Lapointe, A.

Langston, E.

Lumbert, E.

Lowery, Sergt. H.

Lacroix, J. R.

Lemmon, W. T.

Lord, J. W. C.

Luker, H.

Legate, T. H.

Leon, N.

Larocque, N.

Laurie, R. P.

Lemaire, Edmond

Leonard, John P.

Leslie, H.

Livingstone, John S.

Lauder, James

Lynch, M. E.

IvCggatt, Daniel John

Laurie, W. T.

Lang, Geo. Howard

Littlewood, Chas. James

Lowe, John Joseph

Little, P. J.

Laughlin, A. C.

Lacroix, H.

Latham, J. W.
Lawson, J. F.

LaHaye, R.
Lewis, E. H.
Lashbrook, A. S.
Lobb, A. B.
Lang, J. E.
Lowe, T. G.
LeClaire, A. A.
Lawrence, C. V.
Lindsay, T. G.
Lancely, W. H.
Lamontagne, Geo, Omer.
Law, Paul Harold
Lindsay, Ed. Alfred
Livingston, Samuel J.
Lothian, Alex.
Lyttle, Arthur
Laurier, J. R.
Lee, F. J.
Larner, G. H.
Lamborn, Douglas J.
Link, Roy Allan
Lock, Harry
Lovett, Sidney
Lyon, Sidney C.
Larocque, Henry
Lemessurier, H. E.
Longworth, Richard W.
Lutes, Abram B.
Lachaino, Romeo J.
Landerkin, J. H.
Little, Fred. J.
Martin, J. C.
Meunier, J. A.
Murray, Lieut. K. A.
Murray, Thos. H.
Michaud, P.
Masse, W.
Marke, T.

Manahan, Captain R. M.
Morin, A.
, Mills, Lieut. J . R.
Milton, T. M.
Mears, J. W.

Martin, A. E.

Mosher, R. G.

Moore, R. H.

Moulang, S. H.

Macdonald, A. G.

Morden, W. R.

Meehan, E. J.

Mears, L.

Millar, Edmund

MacKinnon, D.

Morgan, W. H. T.

Mantel, Eugene

Miller, W. B. T.

Morrison David

Milligan, Wm.

MacPherson D.

Morris, Robert

Metcalfe, C. H.

Mowat, J. L.

Martell, C. F.

Maloney, Martin Joseph

May, Arnold Henry

Murphy, Don McKendrick

Myles, Robert Harold

Millar, N. R.

Mawhinney, G. D.

Maclachlan, D. S.

Madill, R. M.
Markham, G. H.
Meadows, N. H.
MacMillan, A.
Martyn, C. D.
Mann, M. W.
MacDonald, G. A.
Musgrave, M. W.
Mitchell, J. E.
Martin, G. S.
Metcalf, John B.
Moos, Frank
Malcolm, C. A.
Matthews, T.
Mackin, Wm.
MacKenzie, A, R.
Martin, P. G.
Maurault, H.
Masson Alex.
Masson, Geo.
Matthews, Reginald
Moore, Wm. Geo
Morris, Thos.
Martindale, Lieut. C. J.
Menzies, L. R.
Murdy, H. C.
Munro, M.
Mallon, G.
Menzies, J. H.
McAskill, Donald A,
Mills, H. F.
Mahoney, Patrick
Manley, Claude Well.
Mortimer, Richard
Munro, Milo
Miller, Chas. Horace G.
Murphy, Andrew Harkin
Muiphy, John P.
Muirhead, Alex.
Musgrove, W. M,

Mattson, A.
Meredith, Thos. Henry
Miller, Louis
Moodie, David
Munn, Wm. James
MacDonald, Dan Archie
Matthewson, H. J.
Massey, P. H.
Moore, E. C.
Macdonald, Archibald
Mallan, Gerald
Mayne, Wilfrid
Milne, Geo. Alexander
Mills, Chas. Ashworth
Mills, Haddon Pell
Morden, Wm. Ross
Mullin, Stanley Thos.
Manning, Walter R.
Martin, Geo. W.
Monteith, Saml.
Moxon, Anthony W. R.
MacDonald, Alex.
McKee, Thos.
Mattson, Hilmer
Meades, Victor K.
Mooney, John D.
Moore, U. C.
Moore, Wm. R
Macdougall, Allan L.
Murray, Miss Louise A. M.
Macdougall, D.
Mustard, M. C.
McKeown, John J.
McDougall, Dugald
McNamara, Jas. L.
McParlane, Argyle
McPherson, Robt.
McRae, Gordon
Martin, C. W.
McLerie, Roy
Mills, Wm. Jas.
Miller, John T.
Murchison, Frank
McDell, John
Martin, John C.
Moore, Jos. G.
McDaid, Wm.
McLellan, Alex.
McLellan, John.
McKenzie, J. L.
McPherson, Daniel V.
McArthur, G. W.
Mc Vicar, D.
McCallum, R. B.
McCuUough, W. J.
McCleery, E. J.
McMillan, G.
McMillan, D. B.
McLean, D. E.
McDonald, J. M.
McCargar, D. N.
McNichol, Miss A. H.
McKenna, W. A.
McDiarmid, M. I.
McClellan, W.
McLellan, W. E.
McGough, Owen
McCormack, D. H.
McKenzie, D.
McCann, Jas.
McMillan, D. A.
McNab, D.

108

Two Years of War

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(Continued)

McKay, Howard
McMillan, J. D.
McDevitt, S. C.
McDonald, R. H.
McPherson, A.
McMaster, J.
McKinnon, D. h.
McDonald, Jno. Kenneth
McKerry, Joseph Patrick
McMillan, Peter Henry
McMurtie, James
McVicar, John James
McAllister, Alfred Wallace
McPhail, Silas Fred
McVicar, Neil
McNevin, D. A.
McKay, W. A.
McDonald, John Arthur
McLachlan, Arthur Wm.
McNaughton, T. M.
McNevin, Duncan Angus
McLeod, G. L.
McLaughlin, R. G.
McDoIe, John Harman
McDonald, Neil Ed
McKellar, John Giles
McPherson, Robt.
McCall, P. M:
McCormick, D. J.
McAvay, Fred Patrick
McDonald, John Joe
Mclnnes, Percival Smith
McKay, Harold
McKee, David
McVicar, Wm. Wallace
McDougall, D.
McLaughlin, W.
Nicholls, C.
Noverre, P. W.
Newdick, L. G.
Naylor, David J.
Neale, E. W.
Norris, Lieut. J. A.
Neill, W. M.
Nickels, G. W. S.
Nelson, Henry Lunman
Naylor, John
Newcomb, F. J.
Nantel, Eugene
Neal, Harry Compton
Nokes, Wm. Devine
Neal, Chas. A.
Needham, Elzear A.
Nicholson, David J.
Newell, Wm. Thos.
Neal, Harry C.
Oxley, R. E.
Orr, Robt. J.
Owen, Alfred
O'Brien, H. W.
O'Brien, A.
O'Heron, Wm. A.
Palmer, John C. N.
Parker, Thos. A.
Peakman, Geo.
Powers, Fred.
Parish, Wm. G.
Press, Fred. W. B.
Pooke, Kenneth E.

Puckett, John
Pelletier, D.
Pelletier, A.
Proctor, E. Sidney
Preece, J. V.
Pritchard, Horace
Phillips, F. J.
Pickup, Lieut. W
Pickering, T. F. .
Pedley, E.
Passmore, H. W.
Prior, A. C.
Phimister, A.
Paquet, L. O.
Pipes, O. E.
Pallister, E. H.
Poulton, W. F.
Peart, C. H.
Pettigrew, R. C.
Power, L. J.
Pickard, H. L.
Phelan, W. W.
Petley, T. H.
Poutling, Frank
Power, F. A.
Payne, D.
Porter, S. S.
Parker, John.
Philipps, J. E.
Purvis, R. E.
Pearson, W. J.
Plaxton, Geo.
Pascoe, Lieut. A. W.
Pomeroy, W.
Price, T. H.
Peaker, W. O. M.
Parry, Wm. Henry
Pender, James
Pinchback, Arthur J.
Puttick, Albert Watts
Padley, Jonas Graham
Parker, Henry Seymour
Fetch, F. E.
Patterson, Wm. Chas.
Peck, Walter Roe
Pollock, Thos. Henry
Preston, Chester
Pritchard, W. A.
Petitclerc, Gilbert A.
Porter, Harry L.
Perry, Chas.
Pearson, Ale.x. Moir
Putman, Cecil Eugene
Quinn, Alex. Fillmore
Quinson, P.
Quin, Jos. C.
Randle, Laurance O.
Rogers, Henry P.
Ross, Stewart G.
Roy, Eric A.
Rourke, H. D.
Rochon, J.
Ross, W. G.
Rogerson, J. W.
Rutledge, R. B.
Reynolds, H. J.
Ripley, W.
Rogers, K. F. D.
Racette, J. L. P.
Rose, James
Roberts, H. R.
Rooth, H. N.

Ripley, Major Alvin
Reed, Harold Ed.
Reichenfel, Rene.
Rowan, Harold.
Robinson, Chas. Stanley
Riddell, W. R.
Russell, A. B.
Robertson, Fred Montagu','
Ross, Norman
Rothschild, Joseph
Ruet, L. J.
Richards, E. E.
Robertson, C.
Rae, Samuel
Raymond, W. G.
Relf, G. E.
Reid, J. H.
Rouse, J. E.
Rowe, Geo.
Rees, L. T.
Richmond, Stanley B.
Rose, N. A.
Rice, E. L.
Richmond, L. W.
Ridley, E.
Robinson, R. V.
Rockman, Frederick
Reid, Eric Noel Lestock
Rieger, Herbert Fred.
Ripley, Harry
Robson, Mark
Rottenburg, Louis
Redmond, Vernon Albert
Rorison, James
Reddith, Benj. Bruce
Roberts, William
Roos, Harry Edward
Russell, Geo. Donald.
Smith, Harry Wm.
Smith, Levi
Sterland, Robt.
Savage, Russell C.
Shaver, Fred Bruce
Shea, John V.
Shoebottom, Mervin A.
Speechley, Jas. T.
Simpson, Wm. H.
Steven.son, A. W.
Surtees, Sidney H.
Scott, Wm. E.
Simonson, Arthur D.
Smith, Lloyd E.
Swarbrick, Jos.
Senior, E.
Sankey, E. H.
Smyth, W. F.
Smith, Clarence G.
Simons, Dan A.
Schepdale, L. Van
Stockwood, W. B.
Stevenson, S.
Simpson, J. A.
Smith, H. A.
Smith, L. E.
Stockwood, L. R. P.
Smith, J. T.
Scales, J. W.
Samson, David
Salt, E. St.C.
Skerratt, Wm.
Sharp, S. W.
Smith, G. F.

As Viewed From Ottawa

109

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT
(Continued)

Senecal, Paul

Stephen, J. E.

Smith, W. H.

Stewart, Fred D.

Suitor, F. G.

Smith, Ivan

Shipman, H. J.

Skelly, A. J.

Stanton, A, H. A.

Sowden, F. M.

Shaw, John S.

Searles, John W.

Stewart, W. J. A.

Simmons, R. S.

Sinclair, Captain Alex. Jno.

Smith, Wm. Hammond

Smith, Bertram

Smith, Gerald F.

Somerset, A. E.

Stover, James M.

Smith, Fred R.

Stone, Geo. S.

Stewart, E. W.

Smalian, E.

Stanley, W. N.

Stone, F. P.

Saunders, A. V.

Ste. Marie, H.

Sellwood, Archibald

Smart, Jas. Ernest

Strumm, Roger Harold

Swinson, Donald Harold

Smith, John

Soady, Edward

Scott, S. G.

Sullivan, Thos. Francis

Stewart, M.

Stephens, T.

Silsby, A.

Scott, Harry

Sebert, John Brock

Snider, Thos. Sage Raith

Spence, Sidney

Stewart, Wm. Jno. Alex

Storne, Thure

Strang, Geo.

Smith, G. F.

Saint, John Wm.

Sargent, John Wm.

Schroeter, Clement

Shea, Frank

Shea, Thos. James

Sheldon, Lieut. C. C.

Slater, James H.

Smith, Raymond Jno. Dunn

Spalding, Jas. Alex.

Spry, Wm. Albert

Stone, Henry Ilbert

Summers, Albert

Stroud, C. F.

Sproule, E. D.'

Scott, Fred

Scott, Samuel Geo.

Scotton, John

Simpson, Hector Eli

Stewart, Merton Stan.

Stone, Arthur

Sutton, I^eon James

Scott. David.

Stanley, T. R.

Stevens, John W.

Shaw, Chas. Gordon

Snowden, Chas. Henry

Storey, John S.

Taylor, Wm.

Traversy, Ulysses

Thornton, Wm. G.

Terry, Benjamin J.

Taggic, Fred. A.

Thompson, W. D.

Thomson, J.

Tassell, F. G.

Turner, A. B.

Taylor,. Samuel

Trenham, W. B.

Theakston, Major John

Thompson, Wm.

Thibault, A. L.

Turner, Frank C.

Thompson, V. D.

Tate, H. F. P.

Tubbs, C. W.

Tregallus, W. J.

Taylor, J. J.

Thibadeau, C. M.

Turner, Chas.

Taylor, J. G.

Tench, W. J.

Travers, Cyril

Tobin, R. P.

Tingle, Geo.

Thompson, Kenneth Evan

Thompson, Fred

Taylor, Wm. F.

Taylor, F.

Taylor, Arthur

Taylor, Harry Claude

Taylor, F. C.

Thorson, S. H.

Turner, Ernest Herbert

Turtle, Basil Ernest

Thompson, C. A.

Tessier, Jos. Nelson

Tinsley, Reginald

Tipple, Herbert Tilson

Tooke. Fred Henry

Tyrell, Geo. Murray

Thomson, W.

Tredwell, M. R.

Thibault, Jos. Alphonsc

Thomson, Alfred Tennyson

Thorson, Stephen Helge

Tousignant, Jos. Albert

Turgeon, C. Horace

Troy, Allen H.

Tompkins, Jas. Roy

Tubbs, Fred

Urton, Richard Southwell

Upton, Wm. Kenneth

Verret. Lieut.-Col. H. B.

Vickers, C. G.

Verville, J. F.

Voelker, H. G.

Villiers, A.

Van Scopel, E.

Van Every, Albert E.

Veasey, Geo. Arthur

Veale, Alfred

Van Every, F. L.

Valentine, U.

Warner, A.

Whelen, Geo.
Walker, J. B.
Woodrow, Ernest A.
Whyte, Wm.
Woodward, Wm. G.
Watters, Jas. J.
Wilkinson, J.
Watson, D. W.
Wallis, Geo. T.
Walter, R.
Williams, Richard
Waddell, A. G.
Watson, J.
Wyborn, A.
Walker, Stanley
Williams, F. M.
Watts, G. S.
Wooding, A.
Wade, W.
Wilson, T. A.
Waucope, W.
Wilson, R. H.
Wright, Harvey
Watson, W. H.
Whitton, F. S.
Wettson, A. N.
White, Reuben
Walker, J. B.
Werner, F. A.
Webster, W. W.
Wright, James
White, H. S.
Wilson, James
Winson, R.
Weir, George R.
Whittick, H.
Wells, P. T.
Woolhouse, W. W.
Williams, W. J.
Wilson, Samuel
Winchell, E. D.
Wixon, Henry
Williams, E. J.
Watson, R. A.
Wilkinson, W. J.
Wale, Geo. C.
Walker, P. E.
Walkling, C.
Ward, C. J.
Wilkinson, E. M.
Whittaker, V. H.
Watson, Frederick
Welsh, Fred. David
Whalley, James
Williams, Thos. Arnold
Wise, Wm. Alfred
Wright, Francis Wm.
Walsh, Geo. Wm.
Wells, W. B.
Wilson, W. S.
Walker, T. H.
Whaley, Wm. John
White, Fred
Willis, Trevor George
Wood, J. A.
Wyieman, Andrew
Wallace, Roy Harold
Warne, W. S.
Warner, Fred
Webb, Sidney Robt.
Williams, Wm. Mabie
Wilson, Fred Clifton

Two Years of War

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

(Continued)

Weller, Frank James
"Wilkinson, Fred. James
Willard, Frank
Wilson, Thos. Wm.
Whyte, Wm.
Webb, Fred. Jno.
Woodman, Harry Reg.
Young, Joseph Henry
Yelland, Geo.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC PRINTING
AND STATIONERY

Archibald, W. G.
Annable, J. H.
Balcombe, Geo.
Brisebois, R.
Brule, Hector
Butler, John
Bouchard, W. E.
Balcomb, W. T.
Budreo, R. C.
Bullis, Ed.
Butlin, A. H.
Baril, Wm,
Burns, Gregory
Branch, Alfred W.
Batterton, Dominic
Burnett, William
Cairncross, James
Cunningham, W. A.
Dagenais, Lt. H. A. R.
Donovan, W. J.
Doherty, Wm.
Dempsey, Wm.
DeMontigny, J. I. G. T.
Desrivieres, J. A.
Foley, Lieut. J. H.
Fallis, R. W.
Fallis, W. J.
Globensky, L. E. M.
Hayden, J. A. P.
Lamoreux, S. A.
Lapierre, A. J.
Lemieux, Jos. A.
Lefebvre, P. A.
Labelle, J. H.
LeFeuvre, Sidney G.
MacDonald, Daniel
Maloney, T. L.
Miller, R. C.
Montminy, Arcadius
Macartney, Stafford
Mann, J. Henry
McGuire, E. J.
McGovern, H. F.
McCadden, T.
McDonald, Capt. A. H.
McGovem, Wm. M.
McStravick, Peter
O'Neil, Wm.
Paynter, J. J.
Paynter, C. S.
Price, Lieut. C. J. F.
Parmelee, Ed. R.
Pasch, A. C.
Rainey, C. E.
Ralph, Robert
Richer, Hector

Robertson A. W.
Schau, Andrew
Smith, W. L.
Sanderson, A. E.
Twyman, T. G. .
Tighe, Jas.
Tierney, John Joseph
Woods, M. W.
Ward. Geo. J.

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Anderson, A. D.

Ashley. Thos.

Anderson, A. A.

Anderson, G. B

Atkinson, P.

Auchinleck, A.

Beith,

Bennett, C. S.

Bolitha, F. G.

Bowan, J. R.

Bradley, W. B.

Brown, C. W.

Bellew, Lieut. Edward Donald

Blue, Lieut. W. E.

Bougerter, G.

Burbridge, Lieut. Geo. H.

Bradley, H. R.

Bridge, Thos.

Bridger, T.

Budd, F. K. E.

Brown, Edmund G.

Burden. E. A.

Badin, F.

Barker, J. R.

Boon, W. H.

Butler, Harold G.

Bennett, Lieut. H. F.

Couch, Stanley M.

Chartrand, A. A.

Clapperton, Lieut. George

Collins, E. J.

Cunningham, C. S.

Cox, Henry

Chalifour

Chugg, H.

Colton, J. H.

Couley, Jas.

Coutlee, Lieut. W. F.

Cummings, G.

Caldwell, Capt. T. D. D.

Cote, P. E.

Cussack, P.

Chapman, M.'

Davis, A. S.

deValter, Roger

Da vies, R. C.

Dube, John

Dubuc, Lt.-Col. Arthur Eugene ■

Davy, H.

Dodge, G. F.

Donald, W.

Dunn, Thos

Dalrymple, F. H.

Doncaster, Lieut. P. E.

Dunlop, Pipe-Major Andrew

Edwards, H. G.

LIEUT.-COL. A. E. DUBUC

Commanding 22nd Batt.'Vi.ion
(Public Works, Montreal)

As Viewed From Ottawa

111

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

(Continued)

Everall, Lieut. W. M.
Etches, H. C. N.
Elford, W.
Ervine, S.
Elliott, H. A.
Forbes, Mitchell, W. J.
Foster, J. H. P.
Finnigan, Thos.
Ferry, G.

Graham, Lieut. Chas.
Gobeil, J. E.
Gerard, T.
Graham, F.
Gregory, A. W.
Guimond, G.
Griffiths, A.
Goodwin, Geo. R.
Genest, Conrad
Goodspeed, Lieut. F. G.
Huguet, Geo. P.
Hughes, Brig-Gen. G. B.
Hillas, Julius
Hogan, T.
Hicks, Stewart G.
Harcourt, F. G.
Hill, Grant
Hobbs, Jos.
Heisler, John A.
Hodgson, R.
Howden, \V. J.
Hull, Capt. G. B.
Irving, Lieut. A. B.
Inderwick, J. F.
Jackson, John H.
Jeffery, C. C.
Jones, C. F.
Keyt, W. E.
Keefer, Capt. J. A.
Kearney, K. A.
Kent, V. J.
King, Clem
Kenny, Thos. W.
Kemp, Donald
Larkin, M.
Lovell, Frank
Letendre, Lieut. J. E.
Lambert, C. O.
Logic, W. W.
Lamb, Lieut. J. Murray
Ledford, F. H.
Lambourne, Jos. H.
Leigh, James
Lyons, Miss Catherine
Leclair, Lieut. W. C.
Lamb, Lieut.-Col. H. J.
Muddiman, A. Bernard
Mulvaney, Jos.
Monk, S. H.
Matheson, Murdoch
Macreath, Lieul. C. M.
Martin, G. L.
Martin, G. E.
Munro, J. H.
Murdock, A. W.
Morse, Lieut. G. P.
Mills, Sub.-Lieut. F. O.
McCartney, A. G.
McEwen, Jas.
McQuarrie, Lieut. D. A.

McLeod, A.

McNutt, George

McGovern, F. R.

McManus, P. F.

McDonald, J. J.

Nicholson, A.

Nicholson, R. H.

Nichols, T.

Nutting, H. H. S. .

O'Neil, W. C.

Obee, Thos.

Partridge, J. K.

Powell, Lieut. R. W.

Postlethwaite, F. L.

Perrie, Fred

Patterson, C. C.

Pepin, E.

Peters, Lieut. Hugh

Perkins, C,

PoUendins, F.

Quackenbu.sh, J. C.

Quinn, Edward

Ritchie, Alex.

Ross, Norman

Ragbourn, H. W.

Rhodes. Cecil F.

Russell, Allen

Rogers, J. C.

Ross, Lieut. Bruce

Richardson, A. E.

Richardson, W. F.

Rogers, H. C.

Rathburn, Lieut H. B.

Rice. J. S.

Ross, W. R.

Stewart, J. C.

Saidler, J.

Silvester, E.

Shannon, E. H.

Smith, Geo. M.

Spicer, W. B.

Scammell. J. K.

Sraalley, G. S.

St. Laurent, Lieut. A.

Steed, R. E.

Smith, Lieut. P. H.

Schofield, C. A.

Strader, L. E.

Taylor, A.

Tingley, Lieut. F. H.

Thompson, Lieut. Henry A.

Tierney, W.

Twiss, R. D.

Thomas, Lieut. E. A.

Thurber, G. H.

Tennant, H. J.

Tracey. W. R.

Trottier, J. P.

Thomson, C. A.

Thompson, R. G.

Tibbitts, Lieut. Jas.

Vana.sse, Oscar A.

Valiquet, Elzear

VanWart, F. W.

Wilson, A. J.

Watterson, J.

Wheatley, Jos.

Walsh, H. G.

Wallace, W. D.

Warner, James

Wattsford, G. H.

Wayne, M. L.

Wood, Barrett
Worthington
Walker, Lieut. L. D.
Ward, H.
Young, Llewellyn

DEPARTMENT OF RAILWAYS AND

CANALS

Adams, L. B.

Austin, J.

Bell, Major Graham A.

Brame, A. J.

Bradley, R. A.

Bradley, E. R.

Barrett, H.

Blcakney, C. E.

Bradley, T.

Butler, Major Albon W. L.

Ball, Major J. C.

Brett, Philip

Brookfield, Lieut. W. W.

Boase, O. S.

Ball, Capt. E. S.

Battle, Lieut. L.

Campbell, Lieut. H. M.

Clark, Lieut. H. S.

Clark, D.

Delahay, G.

Dicks, S.

Doig, Lieut. M.

Damson, Lieut. I. H.

Elliott, Henry

Ellis, Frank

Fairfield, J.

Galpin, J. O.

Gordon, M. J.

Grass, A. R.

Holt, E. O.

Harris, E. C.

Hamilton, Lieut. G. M.

Houston, N.

Hustwitt, Lieut. S.

Jones, Lieut. T. E.

Kempt, F. F.

Kiddell, Wm.

Lauder, D.

Muntz, Lieut. E. P.

Morgan, Lieut. R. C.

Mewburn, S.

McCandlish, C. A.

McQuarrie, W. E.

McAndrew, Lieut. J. B.

McLean, Lieut. M. B.

Olmstead, Lieut. R. J.

Peers, Lieut. Chas. T.

Perkins, J. W.

Pringle, Lieut. J. F.

Reardon, J. A.

Raynor, R.

Richards. J.

Reid, Lieut. R. H.

Ross, Lieut. O. W.

Rees, John F.

Riddell. Lieut. A. G.

vSamwell, M. O.

Spears, D. C.

Swift, Lieut. C. J.

Sladcn, Lieut. St. B.

Sloan, D.

Scott, J. G.

Sneath. Lieut. Roy G.

112

Two Years of War

DEPARTMENT OF RAILWAYS AND

CANALS —Continued

Smythe, Lieut. R. E.

Speck, S. F.

Saxton, R. F.

Tilbrook, Lieut. C. W.

Wallace, W. W.

Wallace, Flight Sub-Lieut. Hugh

Watts, Lieut. R. E.

Watt, T. I,.

Waite, F. N.

ROYAL MINT

Anderson, W. P.

Armstrong, Lieut. G. F.

Borthwick, R. G.

Crawley, C. T.

Dewar, R. A.

Edmunds, Lieut. Robert J.

Foster, P. R.

Guy, Geo.

Grant, C. R.

Halton, Sergt. -Major.

Howard, Lieut. G. V. W.

Helman, W. C. J.

Kelly, I.

Lumm, G. H.

Murray, E. V.

Munroe, R. C.

Merritt, Alfred

McLeod, G. A.

Nash, C.

Quinn, S.

Shore, L.

Toller, O. C.

Williams, Alfred P.

Weskett, W. A.

Willson, N. K.

DEPARTMENT OF ROYAL NORTH
WEST MOUNTED POLICE

Cuthbertson, Lieut. Clifford
Dancey, James Edward

DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY
OF STATE

Berthe, E. H.
Fulton, G. D. M.
Hazlett, W. G.
Jones, W.
Lewis, A. E.
Scott, F.

DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND
COMMERCE

Attrill, F. A.
Bishop, S.
Bedwell, R.
Briden, J. J.
Biggar, W. T.
Beaumont, A.
Briden, F.
Chivers, W.
Cliff, O.
Currie, J.
Clarke, S.
Cooper, H. S.
Clements, L. G.

Casford, J. H.

Cliff, Earl

Capon, S. M.

Deakin, R. C. .

Drury, B.

Davidson. Walter

Eggleston, W. S.

EUiston, A. E.

Good, H. J.

Gow, Stanley

Green, R.

Hamilton, Colin

Harvey, J. W.

Hogarth, H. S.

Hodge, A.

Holdern, A. W.

Harris, H.

Hall, C. A.

Huffman, Frank

Hewson, Charles C.

Johnson, Lieut. Gordon B.

King, Cecil

Long, W. F.

Labelle, Lieut. Valmore

Law, Thos.

Muirhead, Lieut. Geo. Beverley

Mooney, L.

Masterson, T.

Monroe, Lieut. -Col. John R.

Morrison, J. R.

McPhail, Earl

McMurdo, J.

McLeod, S.

Oliver, A.
O'Neill, D.
Oldale, C.
Ogden, Jas. L.
Parmelee, Major J. G.
Piatt, H. J.
Parkinson, G. V.
Pousette, Capt. H. R
Rowe, C.
Robertson, C. E.
Reid, E.
Rennie, W. J.
Ross, J. A.
Reoch, L.
Shapton, S. W.
Shore, Chas. Henry
Shapton, W. F.
Spence, G.
Smith, E. L.
Samuels, J.
Towers, A.
Vanzant, George
Walters, F.
Wilson, Capt. D. D.
Whitchurst, W.
Waddell, Lieut. J. C.
Whitehead, H. S.
Walker, D.

GOVERNOR-GENERAL'S OFFICE

Farquhar, Lieut. -Col. F.

LIEUT.-COL. J. K. MUNRO

O.C. 8th Canadian Mountkd Rifles

(Trade and Commerce, Ottawa)

As Viewed From Ottawa

113

HOUSE OF COMMONS

Bowie, Major W H.
Foley, Buckley
deNoailles, L.

OFFICE OF THE
AUDITOR-GENERAL

Allen, Lieut. C. G.
Burland, Lieut. Geo. H.
Coughlin, R. Frank
Culbert, John
Folkins, Major H. A.

INTERNATIONAL
WATERWAYS
COMMISSION

ChartrancI, Gaston F.

PRIVY COUNCIL OFFICE

Bryenton, E. A.

SENATE
Adamson, Maj. Agar S.A.M.

LIBRARY OF
PARLIAMENT
Wharton, Lieut. A. H.

Our Decorations Won

EIGHT decorations of the Distinguished Service
Order, seven Military Crosses, one Military
Medal, four Distinguished Conduct Medals,
two Meritorious Service Medals, Cross of St. George
(Russian), one Military Cross (French) and one
Military Medal and Croix de Guerre (French) —
twenty-five decorations in all — won by Canadian
civil servants on the field of battle, testify to the
quality of the men that the public services of the
Dominion have sent to the front. In addition to the
twenty-three men so decorated, four others have been
especially mentioned in official despatches of the

MAJOR PEHEUKINK P. ACLAND, M.C.
(Finance, Ottawa)

commander-in-chief for their gallant and distinguished
conduct in the face of the enemy.

Comment upon so proud a record as this is un-
necessary. The facts tell the stories best. Following
will he found brief sketches of these distinguished civil
service soldiers and some account of the special services
which won official recognition.

MAJOR P. P. ACLAND

Peregrine P. Acland had been embarked upon a
civil service career as a clerk in the Department of
Finance for less than a year when the war broke out.
Two days after the declaration he was in the ranks of
the 3rd Battalion (Queen's Own Rifles) of Toronto.
A month later he was appointed lieutenant in the 15th
(Toronto) Battalion (48th Highlanders) and before
that unit left Salisbury Plain was promoted captain.
On June 3rd, 1916, he was wounded, but returned to
duty. The Gazette of August 21st, 1916, announced
the award to him of the Military Cross "for conspicuous
bravery during an attack. He led his company,
formed under very heavy fire, with great dash, and,
though wounded, remained at his post and dug himself
in." A few days later he received his Majority, and,
late in September, this year, was again wounded. He
is a son of F. A. Acland, Deputy Minister of Labour.

LIEUT.-COL. AGAR ADAMSON

Agar Stuart Allan Masterton Adamson was a
clerk to the Railway Committee of the Senate. He
had served in South Africa in 1900-1901 with Lord
Strathcona's Horse and won the Queen's Medal with
three clasps. In the Canadian militia he ranked as
captain in the corps reserve of the Governor-General's
Foot Guards of Ottawa.

A veteran of active service, he was naturally
attracted to the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light
Infantry when the outbreak of the great war called
Canadians again to arms. As a captain in that famous
battalion he went to the Continent early in 1915 and
took part iii all the triumphs and sufferings of the
corps. On May 8th, the day that the "Pats" sustained
485 casualties among 635 men, his cool courage won
special notice even when scores of heroic deeds went
unremarked. Sir Max Aitkcn in his "Canada in
Flanders" says, "Captain Adamson, who was handing
out small arms ammunition, was hit in the shoulder,
but continued to work with a single arm." The
decoration of the Distinguished Service Order testified
his Sovereign's appreciation and his military merits
have since won him successive promotions until he is
now Lieutenant-Colonel and commands the most
famous corps that ever carried the badge of Canada
on the battlefield.

LIEUT.-COL. W. D. ALLAN

It would be difficult to find, in the annals of war, a
finer record than that of Lieutenant-Colonel W. D.
Allan, whose untimely death caused widespread regret.

William Donald Allan was born in Toronto in
1882, graduated from the School of Practical Science in
1898 and was appointed to the staff of the Meteoro-
logical Office. He held, successively, the positions of

114

Two Years of War

forecaster and inspector of stations, the duties of the
latter requiring him to travel from the Rockies to
Labrador.

THE LATE LIEUT.-COL. W. D. ALLAN, D.S.O.
(Meteorological Office, Toronto)

He commenced his military career as a private in
the Queen's Own Rifles, but was soon awarded a com-
mission. He volunteered for service in South Africa,
but was rejected because of his youth. When the
present war commenced he was second senior captain
in the regiment and was given command of "C"
Company in the 3rd Battalion of the Canadian Expe-
ditionary Force.

At Ypres, on April 25th, 19L5, he was wounded,
and shortly afterwards he received his Majority. When
Colonel Rennie was made a Brigadier-General, Major
Allan succeeded to the command of the battalion with
the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.

Despatches and letters from the front demonstrate
that Lieut. -Col. Allan was considered one of the most
efficient and popular officers of the Division and his
personal bravery was shown in many trying circum-
stances.

On one occasion he and another soldier went out
into No Man's Land under heavy fire to rescue a
wounded man. They reached the sufferer and were
carrying him in when another bullet struck and
killed him.

The Distinguished Service Order was conferred
upon him by orders of the 3rd of June, 1916 (the King's
Birthday) and on that very day the young colonel was
winning new laurels in the desperate counter-attack

in the salient at Hooge. Here he was again slightly
wounded. General Haig's despatch of June 16th
mentioned him for special services in action.

In September he developed serious trouble in the
head, was removed to a London hospital, and operated
upon for abscess on the brain. After two weeks of
struggle for recovery his gallant life was ended on
October 1st.

He left behind him a record of patriotism, effici-
ency and personal courage of which Canada and the
Canadian civil service are justly proud and which
should be a model and an inspiration to the youth of
this Dominion through generations to come.

FLIGHT SUB-LIEUT. H. J. ARNOLD

Horwood James Arnold, at the age of twenty-three,
has a long record of perilous and distinguished service
on land and sea and in the air. In civil life he is a
wireless operator under the Radiotelegraphs Branch
of the Department of the Naval Service and has been
stationed at different Pacific Coast points.

The kind of stuff that is in him was demonstrated
before the war. When he was an operator at Triangle
Island, B.C., a gale carried away the aerial halyards
and he "shinned" up a 200-feet mast to replace them.
He was at Ikeda, on the Queen Charlotte Islands,
when the war broke out and immediately he con-
ceived the ambition of "wirelessing" from an aero-
plane. Accepted for service, he crossed Hecate Strait
and Queen Charlotte Sound alone in a 16-foot motor
boat in order to make connections with a ship for
England.

FLIGHT SUB-LIEUT. II. .1. ARNOLD, D.S.O.
(Naval Service, Vancouver)

As Viewed From Ottawa

115

He "made good" in the Royal Naval Air Service
and was sent to the East Coast of Africa with the naval
forces assigned to the capture or destruction of German
cruisers in that region. When the cruiser Konigsherg
esconced herself in a river, out of sight or approach from
the sea, the aid of aeroplanes enabled British warships
to destroy her. Arnold's work there won him the
D.S.O. The Admiralty announcement in the Times
described his exploit as follows:

"Flight Commander Cull and Sub-Lieutenant
Arnold were spotting on the 11th of July under fire in a
biplane, when the enemy's fire damaged it so that it
descended in a quarter of an hour from 3,200 feet to
2,000 feet. During this time no attempt was made to
return to headquarters at Mafia, although it was
obvious that this could not be done unless a start was
made at once.

"Flight Sub.-Iieut. Arnold continued his spotting
signals the whole time, and when a quarter of an hour
later the machine was again hit and forced to descend,
Flight Commander Cull controlled the machine and
Flight Sub-Lieut. Arnold continued to send spotting
corrections to the last, after warning the monitors
that they were coming down and would endeavour to
land near them. The aeroplane finally came down in
the river, turning over and over. Flight Commander
Cull was nearly drowned, but was assisted by Flight
Sub-Lieut. Arnold, and both were rescued by a boat
from the Mersey."

RENE BOURGEOIS

Rene Bourgeois, at the age of twenty, wore upon
his breast decorations for which grizzled officers of the
French army had striven a score of years in vain.
From the Montreal Post Office to the headquarters of
the world-famous "Legion Etrangere" he made a
quick trip when the war broke out and in the ranks of
that cosmopolitan corps soon attained the rank of
sergeant.

Of the scenes of his distinguished services little is
known, but "Somewhere in France" he won the
Medaille Militaire and the Croix de Guerre "with
palms," being mentioned in orders and decorated on
the battlefield by two generals. In broad daylight he
went out to reconnoitre German positions and brought
back valuable information. On that hazardous trip
he discovered a wounded man. Having delivered the
results of his observations, he returned, under heavy
fire, to the place where the helpless soldier lay, and
began to move him back to the French lines. The
ground was open and swept by German rifles and
machine guns, but Bourgeois did not falter. For an
hour he toiled in the very face of death and at length
carried his charge into a place of safety.

II. T. CAMERON

The Canadian Railway Mail service is proud to
claim Herbert Thomas Cameron as one of its own.
When the war broke out he was running on a mail
train out of Winnipeg, but a troop train soon took him
East as a private in No. 3 Field Ambulance. Camercin
had a reputation for fearlessness from boyhood and at
Festubert he showed that the quality was still in him.
There it was that he won the Distinguished Conduct

Medal. The official order conferring the decoration
upon him reads:

"For great bravery and devotion to dutv on the
night of 20th-21st of May, 1915, at Festubert. He
was the first to volunteer to assist in collecting the
wounded at the orchard captured from the enemy
and which was still under a very heavy fire. The task
was one of great difficulty and danger and of the party
of eight men who undertook it, four were severely
wounded."

He has since attained the rank of sergeant-major.

HECTOR CHEVILLARD

Hector Chevillard was employed at the Central
Experimental Farm, Ottawa, before the war. In
August, 1914, he hastened back to his native land
of France and enrolled himself in an Algerian-Turco
regiment, but was transferred to the 356th of the Line.

His activities and courage earned him his corporal's
stripes and the eloquent sobriquet of "Hard to Beat."
For five winter months the regiment was in the forests
of the Woevre, enduring rain, snow and frost without
ever entering a village for shelter, and during that
time were constantly employed in detecting and re-
pelling the persistent advances of the enemy. His
captain testifies that during this time Corporal Chevil-
lard set a .splendid example by his endurance and cour-
age, and rendered signal service by securing valuable
information while on patrol duty or in a listening post.
"He would spend days at a stretch under a tree in the
bitter cold in an attempt to discover the location of
enemy batteries and he was always successful."

Spring came, with more merciful weather, but no
cessation of fighting. On May 30th, 1915, Corporal
Chevillard led 145 men in a brilliant and successful
attack on an enemy trench. He killed several Ger-
mans with his own hand and captured the position.
The French hastily consolidated their new ground and
then, for fourteen days, had to endure a terrible bom-
bardment. One big shell that struck in the trench
killed Chevillard and six of his men. At the end of
the bombardment only five of the hundred and forty-
five were left. The story of the young Franco-Cana-
dian's last heroic fight, -as reported by his command-
ant, caused the French government to present the
Military Cross to his family in his memory. The
commandant wrote: "We, his officers, will cherish his
memory and hold him up as an example to the younger
soldiers who join the new contingents."

H. B. COMPTON

H. B. Compton, who had been on the Staff of the
Regina post office, joined the 28th Battahon when the
2nd Canadian Division was authorized and was one of
the first men of that Division to win a decoration.
He was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal.

"For conspicuous bravery on the 8th October,
1915, in front of Wytschaete. The enemy exploded
mines and Private Compton was buried under the
debris. On being dug out he immediately volunteered
to go forward as a member of a party of bombers and
assisted in bombing the enemy from the crater in
which they were advancing. He also assisted, under
heavy shell and machine-gun fire, to dig out four men

116

Two Years of War

who had been buried by the explosion, thus helping to
save their lives. Throughout the action his courage,
resource and devotion to duty were most marked."

Private Compton continued his splendid soldierly
career until early in 1916, when he was wounded. On
the 8th of June his injuries resulted in his death. He
was a native of Bangor, P.E.I.

F. W. DOYLE

F. W. Doyle of the London branch of the Canadian
Emigration Service in England, was one of those loyal
and militant young men who composed the Territorial
forces before the war. He -was a driver in the Artillery.
The "Terriers" went to France immediately after the
expeditionary force of the regular army and the sur-
vivors of their units are now among the most war-worn
veterans at the front. Driver Doyle is now in the
Royal Artillery. No details as to his special .services
have been received, but the fact that he has been decor-
ated with the medal for Meritorious Service proves
that his duty has been well done.

LIEUT.-COL. D. C. DRAPER

Denis Colbum Draper, a native of Sutton, Que.,
was an officer of the Montreal Custom House and a
captain in the 13th Scottish Light Dragoons when the
war broke out. When Lieut.-Col. Harry Baker, M.P.,
commanding that unit of the militia, raised the 5th
Mounted Rifles for overseas service, Captain Draper
was one of his officers who answered the first call.

The story of how the Fifth, with other dismounted
cavalry regiments, stemmed the German onslaught at
Hooge in the early days of June, 1916, and how most
of them died in their trenches rather than give ground,
thrilled Canada from coast to coast.

Draper, then a major, won his D.S.O. that day
by (to quote the Order) "conspicuous gallantry in the
face of the enemy. He led re-inforcements to exposed
points and twice drove off determined counter-at-
tacks. Though himself wounded, he carried his
mortally-wounded CO. from the firing line."

Lieut.-Col. Baker was deeply mourned by the
remnant of the 5th C.M.R., but they gladly welcomed
as his successor in rank and command the gallant
Major who had led them and fought with them in the
time of their supreme trial.

CAPT. T. C. EVANS

Thomas Charles Evans was assistant pathologist
in the Health of Animals Branch of the Department of
Agriculture and veterinary officer of the 2nd Batteiy,
C.F.A., having the rank of captain in the Canadian
Army Veterinary Corps when the war broke out. He
went to the front with the First Division of the Can-
adian Expeditionary Force and soon won the notice of
his general officers. In Sir John French's despatch of
November 30th, 1915, Captain Evans is "recommended
for gallant and distinguished service in the field," and
a short time later he was decorated with the Military
Cross.

IJFAJT.-COL. D. C. DRAPER, D.S.O.
(Customs, Montreal)

CAPT. T. C. EVANS, M.C.
(Agriculture, Ottawa)

As ViKWED From Ottawa

117

MEUT. R. J. EDMUNDS

Robert J. Edmunds of the Ottawa Branch of the
lloyal Mint wont to the front as a sergeant major in
the 21st Battalion, and there soon won mention in
despatches for gallant conduct in action. On April
9th, 1916, a shrapnel shell burst near him and he was
■carried to the rear with eight fragments in his bodj'.
In an English military hospital his wounds healed and
the good fortune that repays the soldier's toil and
suffering smiled upon him. The newly-created Mili-
tary Medal was jiinned upon his breast, he was granted
a conunission and the lady of his choice (herself a
soldier's daughter) crossed the sea and was united to
him at a military wedding, the romantic circumstances
of which were widely noted.

LIEUT.-COL. F. D. FARQUHAR

Indissolubly associated with the fame of the
regiment wh'ch carried into Imttle the favour and
name of H.R.H. the Princess Patricia is that of Francis
Douglas Farquhar. Before coming to , Canada to
take the post of Military Secretary to the Duke of
■Connaught, he had seen service in South Africa, China
and Somaliland as an officer of the Coldstream Guards,
and had won his D.S.O. and the Queen's Medal with
five clasps. To him, most appropriately, was com-
mitted the conunand of Canada's elite battalion. It
is not necessary to repeat here the story of the Princess
Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. It is a tale
■enshrined forever in C^anadian memories, Canadian

LT.-COL. FARQUHAR, D.S.O. (bight), and CAl'T. liULLER

Whkn Princess Patricia'.s Canadian Light Infantry

Mobilized

histories and Canadian hearts. The Civilian was
fortunate in obtaining for this special issue several
rare pictures recalling the circumstances of the organ-
ization of the corps.

Lieutenant-Colonel Farquhar organized, trained,
led and died at the head of "The Princess Pats."
Sir John French's unemotional references to the
battalion and its commander carry a world of meaning
to the discerning reader. The commander-in-chief of
that aggregation of world-famous regiments which
made up Britain's first army in France said of the
"Princess Pats": "They are a magnificent set of
men . . . The services performed by this distin-
guished corps have continued to be very valuable. . . .
They have been most ably organized, trained and com-
manded by Lieut.-Col. F. D. Farquhar, D.S.O., who,
I deeply regret to say, was killed while superintending
some trench work on March 20th (1915). His loss
will be deeply felt."

The personal interest of the Civil Service in the
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry is very
great. There were five civil servants and one former
civil servant among its original officers and many other
civil servants in its ranks. Captain Newton, the first
officer killed, had been a C'anadian public servant.
Capt. H. C. Buller, who succeeded to the lieutenant
colonelcy, was mentioned in despatches, died leading
the battalion against the foe and lies buried in the
same grave with Lieut.-Col. Farquhar, was also a
member of the Governor-General's staff. Lieut.-Col.
A. S. A. M. Adamson, D.S.O., now in command, is a
civil servant. There can be no greater testimony to
the quality of the men that the Civil Service has sent
to the front than that they have held every rank in
the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry.

MAJOR E. T. B. GILLMORE

Edward Theodore Barclay Gillmore has been a
well-known official of the Topographical Surveys
Branch of the Department of the Interior since 1889,
in which year he graduated from the Royal Military
(Jollege. He was always an enthusiastic and hard-
working militia officer, had taken additional courses of
training and was in command of the 23rd (Ottawa)
Field Battery when the war broke out. He went
overseas as adjutant of the 1st Artillery Briagde and
the good work he has done at the front was testified to
by Sir John French who, in his despatch of November
30th, 1915, recommended him "for gallant and dis-
tinguished service in the field."

LIEUT. B. W. HARMON

The war-story of Burdette W. Harmon is hard to
write, so bewildering are the details of his splendid
service and inarvellous good fortune. Harmon belongs
to Woodstock, N.B., and was on the staff of the Fisher-
ies' Branch of the Department of the Naval Service
when he joined the 1st Field Company of Canadian
Engineers. It was at Festubert on the 21st of May,
1915, that he first distinguished himself, and this is
what Sir Max Aitkin wrote of him:

"It was in the course of the struggle in the Orchard
that Sapper Harmon .... performed one of those
exploits which have made Canadian arms shine in this

118

Two Years of War

war. He was attached to a party of twelve sappers and
fifty infantrymen of the 3rd Canadian Battalion which
constructed a barricade of sandbags across the road

LIEUT. BURDKTTE W. H.\RMON,

(Naval Service, Ottawa)

D.C.M.

leading to the Orchard in the face of heavy fire. Later,
this barricade was partially demohshed by a shell, and
Harmon actually repaired it while under fire from a
machine gun only sixty j'ards away! Of the party in
whose company Harmon first went out, six of the twelve
sappers were wounded and of the fifty infantrymen six
were killed and twenty-four wounded. Later he
remained in the Orchard alone for thirty-six hours
constructing tunnels under a hedge with a view to
further operations."

Harmon came out of the shambles of Festubert
unharmed and at Givenchy on the 15th of June, 1915,
fairly outdid his former exploits. This story, also, is
well told in "Canada in Flanders." The leading
company of the 1st Battalion dashed forward towards
"Stony Mountain," following the explosion of a Can-
adian mine, followed by two bombing parties and a
blocking party. Harmon was with the latter, and
when his seven comrades were all down, in the first
German trench, either killed or wounded, and it was
impossible for him to do blocking work single-handed,
he took to bombing, for both bombing parties had been
wiped out. He "loaded himself with bombs, which
he hurriedly collected from the dead and dying and
wounded bombers and set out to bomb his way along
the trench alone. He retired, with ten bullet wounds
in his body, only after he had thrown his last bomb."

The Order conferring the Distinguished Conduct
Medal upon him "for conspicuous gallantry and
devotion," recites the same stories, though in lesser
detail.

After being advanced in successive non-commis-
sioned ranks, Harmon was awarded a commission.

LIEUT. JOHN HAY

John Hay was born in Scotland in 1882. During
five years' service with the Gordon Highlanders he
saw some hot fighting in South Africa and was wound-
ed at Belfast. He was quietly performing the duties
of a Customs officer in Winnipeg when the present
war broke out.

He enlisted with the 90th Rifles and went over-
seas as a company sergeant-major of the 8th Battalion.
At Festubert on May 23rd, 1916, he most worthily
won his D.C.M. To hear him tell of what he did on
that terrible day is to listen to a colourless storv, for
John Hay is as modest as he is brave. His comjiany
was holding a captured German trench and the enemy,
having the exact range, were dropping big shells into
it with terrible effect. The company commander was
carried back, wounded; and dead and dying lay all
arountl. Then a shell landed right where the three
remaining officers were, killed two of them instantly,
and wounded badly the third. Hay, as senior non-
com., took charge of the company and handled it
with splendid ability. The order conferring the
D.C.M. upon him reads:

LIEUT. JOHN HAY, D.C.M.
(Customs, Winnipeg)

As Viewed From Ottawa

119

"For conspicuous gallantry on 23rd May, 1915,
at Festubert. After all the company officers had
been killed or wounded, ("olour Sergeant Hay took
command of the company which was occupying a
trench separate from the battalion and by his coolness
and gallant behaviour under fire set a fine example to
all ranks and greatly assisted to keep them steady
throughout the day."

The Canadian official eye-witness says:

"On the same day Company Sergeant-Major
John Hay steadied and most ably controlled the men
of his company after all the officers and seventy men
out of 140 had been put out of action."

Hay has since been recalled to Canada and given
a commission. He is now a lieutenant in the 197th
Battalion ("Vikings of Canada").

BRIG.-GEN. G. B. HUGHES

Garnet B. Hughes, son of Lieut.-Gen. the Hon.
Sir Sam Hughes, is, in civil life, an engineer under the
Department of Public Works, and was on the Pacific
Coast when war was declared. He went overseas with
the First Division of Canadians as Brigade Major of
the 3rd Infantry Brigade. At Ypres on April 22nd,
1915, he commenced a career of distinguished conduct
under fire. Sir Max Aitkcn gives the story of his part
in the saving of a dangerously wounded man at a time
when the staff headquarters was in an ancient house
surrounded by a deep moat, the means of crossing
which had been destroyed. Sir Max says:

"Two of the staff, Brig.-Gen. Hughes (then
Brigade Major of the 3rd Infantry Brigade) and Lieut.
Thompson, re-swam the moat and, waiting for a lull
in the shell fire, got the wounded man across the road
onto a stretcher and into a dressing station, after which
they went on with their official duties."

Promotion has brought him to the rank of Brigad-
ier General. He was mentioned in Sir John French's
despatches in 1915 and decorated with the D.S.O. in
June, 1916.

CAPT. J. A. KEEFER

Joseph Alexander Keefer is a descendant of
George Keefer who was president of the first Welland
Canal Company and inaugurated Canada's greatest
public work nearly a hundred years ago. Born in
1887, he graduated from the Royal Military C'oUege
in 1908, received a commission in the Royal Canadian
Engineers and spent nearly two years in England at
the School for Military Engineers at Chatham. He
returned to duty with his regiment in Canatla, but re-
signed his commission in 1913, and soon afterwards
entered the civil service as an engineer of Public Works
at Vancouver.

In September, 1915, he was appointed lieutenant
in the 1st Pioneers ancl, in England, was promoted
captain. In the fighting on June 12th and 13th, 1916,
he rendered the notable services which won him the
Military Cross. The Order conferring the decora-
tion says:

CAPT. J. A. KEEFER, M.C.
(Public Wokkp, Vancouver, B.C.)

LIEUT.-COL. H. J. LAMB, D.S.O.

G.S.O. 3hd Division, C.E.F.

(Public Wouks, Windsor, Ont.)

120

Two Years or War

LEONARD A. LAMPLOUGH, Despatches
(Militia and Defence, Ottawa)

CAPT. KENNETH A. MURRAY

(Canadian Postal Corps)

LIEUT. R. W. POWELL, M.C.
(Public Works, Ottawa)

LIEUT. J. J. STOCK, M.C,
(Topographical Surveys, Ottawa)

As Viewed From Ottswa

121

"For conspicuous ability and gallantry when
commanding a detachment of Pioneers. He kept in
close touch with attacking infantry. His dispositions
produced marked results."

LIEUT.-COL. H. J. LAMB

Henry John Lamb has always been noted in the
Canadian militia as a most thorough-going officer.
He graduated from the Royal Military College in 1893,
passed the Militia Staff Course, attained the rank of
lieutenant-colonel in the Corps of Guides in 1912 and
was in command of No. 1 Detachment of London,
Ont., when the war broke out. In civil life he is an
engineer of the Department of Public Works. Over-
seas, his training has fitted him for most useful service.
In writing of the great St. Julien fight. Sir Max Aitkin
says :

"Canadians owe a debt of gratitude to Lieut. -Col.
Lamb for the extreme care and detailed accuracy with
which he has compiled the maps and diaries of the
1st Canadian Division."

In June, 1916, he bore a noteworthy part in the
fighting in the Ypres salient and the Order conferring
the D.S.O. upon him says that it was for "conspicuous
gallantry and good work. During the operations he
rendered, as liaison officer to the three brigades of the
Division, most valuable assistance to the brigadiers.
When communications were broken by shellfire he
displayed great courage and ability."

L. A. LAMPLOUGH

Leonard Alderson Lamplough was in the first
flush of manhood and working on the civil staff of the
Department of Militia and Defence when the call to
arms came in August, 1914. He joined the 1st Battery
of Canadian Field Artillery for overseas and won his
corporal's chevron. At Ypres, on the 9th of May,
1915, when the senior non-commissioned officer had
fallen, he took command of a gun and handled it ably
until a shell splinter gave him a mortal wound. He
was in the act of shielding a wounded comrade when
he was struck down. He was mentioned in Sir John
French's despatch "for gallant and distinguished
service in the field," and the King's sympathy was
conveyed in a special letter to his sorrowing parents.

J. S. MARCHANT

Joseph Stanley Marchant of the Quebec Custom
House staff was one of the first Canadians to win
distinction in battle in this war, but he purchased
honors with his life. He was a recruit of the 8th
Royal Rifles and a lance corporal in the 12th Battalion
when he went overseas, but at St. Julien he was with
the 2nd Battalion.

The Canadians had fallen back to a sheltering
trench, leaving their dead and wounded thick upon the
ground over which they had passed. Marchant saw
a wounded man lying out under the sweep of bullets
and, unheeding of danger, went out and carried him
in. Again he went out and rescued another wounded
and helpless comrade, but in bringing him to shelter
was himself badly wounded in the leg. Amputation
failed to save him and, three weeks later, he died.

His officers reported his heroism and sacrifice in
glowing terms, and when the Czar of Russia conferred
honours upon the soldiers of the Allies in the West, the
Cross of St. George of the fourth class was awarded to
the Marchant family in memory of the noble son who
sleeps "somewhere in France." "Greater love hath
no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his
friend."

CAPT. K. A. MURRAY

Kenneth A. Murray was born in Woodstock,
Ont., and entered the postal service at eighteen years
of age. He was with the postal detachment that
accompanied the Canadian contingent to South Africa,
and when the Postal Corps was organized as a unit of
the Canadian Militia, he received a commission.
When the present struggle commenced he at once
volunteered for service and went in command of the
overseas detachment. The difficulties surmounted
and the enormous work accomplished by the Postal
Corps are beyond the understanding of a civilian.
That the work has been well done and that
Lieutenant Murray has had an important personal
part in it is signified by the Order of Sir John
French dated November 30th, 1916, in which he is
"recommended for gallant and distinguished service
in the field."

LIEUT. R. W. POWELL

Robert Wynyard Powell is a young engineer of
the Department of Public Works who took a commis-
sion and went overseas with the 4th Field Company
of Canadian Engineers. He was reported wounded in
a casualty list of April 8th, 1916, and on July 27th
the War Office announced that the Military Cross
had been conferred upon him "for conspicuous gal-
lantry. When in charge of a working party he carried
on his work during several days and nights with the
greatest coolness under heavy artillery and machine-
gun fire and frequent bombing attacks. He assisted
the wounded and set a fine example to his men. He
was himself twice wounded during the period."

CAPT. R. A. SPENCER

Roy Aubrey Spencer, a member of the staff of the
Forest Products Laboratories, Department of the
Interior, Montreal, is at the battle front with No. 1
Tunneling Company, Canadian Engineers. His work
has been so efficient and his personal conduct so dis-
tinguished for gallantry that he has won the decora-
tion of the Military Cross and promotion to a cap-
taincy. The order conferring the decoration upon
him says, "During five successive nights he patrolled
'No Man's Land,' in order to locate a mine gallery,
and then wrecked it. Later, he consolidated the gallery
as a defence to our own trenches."

LIEUT. J. J. STOCK

James Joseph Stock of the Topographical Surveys
Branch, Department of the Interior, was on field work
in Saskatchewan when the war broke out. He came
home to Ottawa shortly afterwards, secured a com-
mission in the Canadian Engineers and went to the
front with the Second Division. His work on the

122

Two Yeaes of War

firing line soon brought him favourable notice and in
the summer of 1916 he won his Military Cross. The
War Office order reads: "For conspicuous gallantry
during operations. He carried out the preparations
for three assaults with great judgment under heavj^
fire. On one occasion he was hit on the chest by a
bomb which failed to explode, but he carried on with
great coolness."

LIEUT. F. H. TINGLEY

Frank Harvey Tingley, son of Major A. J. Tingley,
of Moncton, N.B., was born in 1890, graduated as
civil engineer from the University of New Brunswick
in 1910 and was engaged as an engineer under the
Department of Public Works when war was declared.

ing and at early dawn he went out to locate a new
observation post. He was discovered by the enemy
who opened a machine-gun fire upon him from a
concealed point of vantage and before he could take
cover he was badly hit. He got into a ditch and
crawled back until rescued and is now convalescing
and hoping for another chance at the front.

LIEUT.-COL. H. B. VERRETT

Hector Bacon Verrett, assistant deputy Post-
master General was the ranking civil officer of the
Dominion service who went to the front in 1914. He
was a captain in the Governor-General's Foot Guards
and in the organization of the overseas forces was
given a maioritv. His excellent service at the front

■

"C"

'^Sl

^^^^^H

^^M

^^^^^^^^^Hlfc

l^m

•^ JHJJiJ^I

LIEUT. F. H. TINGLEY, M.C.
(Public Works, Moncton, N.B.)

LIEUT.-COL. HECTOR B. VERRETT, D.S.O.
(Assistant Deputy Postmaster General, Ottawa)

He was a lieutenant in the 4th (Militia) Brigade of
Field Artillery and went to the front with the 8th
(Overseas) Battery.

Six days before the great fight of St. Juhen ho
went into action on the Ypres salient. In the struggle
which raged in that sector during the closing days of
April, 1915, he bore his part and on May 2nd was
struck by a fragment from a German shrapnel shell.
For hours he stuck to his post and rendered such note-
worthy service that, during his convalescence in Eng-
land, he was decorated with the Military Cross at
Buckingham Palace by the King in person.

When fit, Lieut. Tingley returned to the front and
on August 18th, 1916, was again wounded. His
battery zone had been changed on the previous even-

was referred to in many reports and eventually he
was awarded the D.S.O. "for conspicuous gallantry.
Although wounded by shrapnel he stuck to his com-
mand under most trying circumstances and assisted
greatly in strengthening the position. He set a fine
example to all under him." He has since l)een j)ro-
moted to a lieutenant-colonelcy.

FRED A. WARNER. Jr.

To Tommy in the trenches there is nothing so wel-
come as a letter from home; and it is to the credit of
the "folks at home" that the volume of mail sent every
week to approximately a hundred thousand Canadians
on the firing line in France is equal to that which would

As Viewed From Ottawa

123

be received in a Canadian city of half a million people
in the week before Christmas. The work of the Postal
Corps in handling and delivering this enormous quan-
tity of mail is wonderful beyond description. A
thousand men get their letters, newspapers and parcels
regularly and there is little said of it. One man fails
to receive his mail promptly and a cry goes up from
Ypres to Ottawa.

Now and again stories have been told of the risks
taken and dangers narrowly escaped by the men of the
Postal Corps in delivering mail to the men face-to-face
with the foe. There must be one story of this sort that
has not "come through," for cables announce that the
medal for "Meritorious Service" has been awarded to
Sergeant-Major F. A. Warner, Jr., of the Postal Corps.

Fred Warner is a clerk in the Halifax Post Office
and is twenty-four years old. He entered the postal
service at the age of sixteen. Shortly after he went
overseas he was attached to the base post office at
Boulogne, but of his later services information is not
received.

Civil Service Casualties

PllIDE strives with sorrow in the heart of a civil
servant when he contemplates the roll of those
of his comrades who have lost life or liberty
or have been carried, torn and bleeding, from the
field of battle. The list of the dead, the wounded,
the i)risoners and the missing from the ranks of the
civil servants at the front is long and rapidly growing.
On November 30th, 1916, it showed 131 men dead, 203
wounded, 12 prisoners of war and many unaccounted-
for. This summing up is necessarily incomplete as
many casualties are not officially reported for weeks or
months after their occurrence. The ratio of dead to
wounded is so at variance with the usual proportions
in casualty lists that no doubt can be entertained that
hundreds of wounded men are not yet included in the
roll.

One of the very first men who left Canada to fight
in the war, and the first one to suffer a casualty, was a
civil servant — Georges P. Huguet, a draughtsman of
the Department of Public Works. He was a reservist
of the French Army, and when German hordes rolled
across the frontiers he rushed home to join his old
regiment, — the 1st Colonial Infantry, in which he was
sergeant. At Ville-sur-Tourbe, on the 15th September,
1914, he led his section in a charge against the foe, and
was cut down by machine gun fire. For two days he
lay in agony on the field, and then, by crawling a long
distance under fire, reached the French lines. While
he lay in hospital his young wife died in Ottawa, leaving
five young children. When Sergeant Huguet was able
to travel he came home, saw his little ones (one of them
for the first time), delivered a stirring appeal to a pub-
lic gathering, and then went back to join the trifling
remnant of his regiment on the firing line. In a latei
action he was seen to fall as if shot through the head.
His body was never found nor was he ever reported
from prison or hospital. He is assumed to be dead.

The second civil servant injured in action was
■Guy Dorgans of the Department of Agriculture. In

the campaign of the Mame, between September 6th and
September 18th, 1914, he went through six engage-
ments without a scratch. On the latter date he was
one of a party of thirty men of the cuirassier regiment
to which he belonged who charged and routed 250
German Uhlans, taking forty-three prisoners. Trooper
Dorgans was crushed and sustained three fractures by
his dead horse falling upon him. He lay in a ditch
twelve hours before he was picked up. Only twelve
men of his troop escaped death or disablement in the
skirmish.

Louis de Noailles, a member of the translation staff
of the House of Commons, was the first civil servant to
be killed. Like Huguet and Dorgans, he was a French
reservist and returned to the colours at the first call.
He was an officer and foil at the head of his company,
shot through the head.

Paul Humbert of the Department of Agriculture,
adjutant of the 14th Infantry of the Line (French),
fell in action at Perthes-les-Hurlus on January 8th,
1915.

In January (Canada's first battalion — The Princess
Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry — got to the front
and on the 26th of that month the first Dominion
public servant in a Canadian uniform was killed —
Archibald Nicholson, formerly of the Dominion Police.

About the same time Yves Riaoul of the Depart-
ment of Inland Revenue, another French Reservist,
was made prisoner.

In March came the news of death of Lieut. -Col.
F. Farquhar, D.S.O., commanding officer of The
Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. This
officer, who had won distinction and honour in South
Africa, was chosen to lead Canada's picked regiment
to battle and the courage and abihty with which he
discharged his great responsibility is known throughout
the Empire. As Secretary to the Governor General,
he was a Canadian civil servant. No man served
better nor shed more honour upon his service in death.

Then on April 22nd came St. Julien, — "the second
battle of Ypres," where Canadians "saved the situa-
tion"— and immediately The Civilian's roll of "Our
Boys" dead, wounded and prisoners was swollen to
column length. For weeks the reports of our dead
and wounded and tales of their herosim on the field
came in, and in a short time the casualty record had
attained such proportions that it could no longer be
maintained as a standing feature of The Civilian,
and since June, 1915, only new names of the victims
of casualties have appeared in each issue.

The casualty record makes reading of the most
inspiring kind. Our men have bled and died nobly.

There was J. S. Marchant of the Quebec Customs,
who, at St. Julien, carried in a wounded man under
terrific fire, went out for another, and Ijrought him in
also, but sustained a mortal wound in so doing. His
parents received from the Czar of Russia the decoration
which their son would have worn had he lived.

W. P. Ainsborough of the Department of Labour
fell into the hands of the foe after nobly aiding dying
and suffering comrades.

124

Two Years of War

Lieut. Schaischmidt of the Vancouver Cus-
toms, though wounded, carried Captain Warden off the
field under heavy shell and machine-gun fire.

John W. Bottomley, a railway mail clerk of Niagara
Falls, who transferred to a British regiment and was
sent to German East Africa, fell with 24 wounds while
leading a charge against German guns.

Sergeant Carson of the Princess Patricia's Canadian
Light Infantry, a Regina postal employee, crossed a
bullet-swept open space at Ypres four times, bringing in
a wounded man on each trip, "You are the bravest
man I ever saw," said his company commander.
Next day he was fatally wounded. "No braver man
ever gave his life for his country," wrote Captain Agar
Adamson (now Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the
regiment).

At St. Juhen, on April 23rd, "Lieut. E. D. Bellew,
machine-gun officer of the (7th) Battalion, hoisted a
loaf stuck on the point of his bayonet, in defiance of
the enemy, which drew upon him a perfect fury of fire ;
he fought his gun until it was smashed to atoms and
then continued to use relays of loaded rifles instead
until he was wounded and taken prisoner." (From
"Canada in Flanders.")

Lieut. G. A. V. Howard of the Royal Mint was
wounded at the Front and sent back to England on the
hospital ship Anglia, which the Huns torpedoed.
He was picked up by a small boat which, being over-
loaded, capsized, and was finally rescued by a destroyer.

In the hour of his death Capt. H. S. Monkman of
the 3rd Canadian Mounted Rifles, (in civil life a medical
officer of the Department of Indian Affairs), displayed
that self-sacrificing heroism which has been the glory
of Enghsh-speaking soldiers from the days of Sir Philip
Sidney. The trench that his regiment was holding on
December 2nd, 1915, was heavily shelled. A parapet
was blown in and Captain Monkman was buried under
the sand bags. He was dug out alive but it was found
that his back was paralyzed. Near him lay Major
Fane, commander of the regiment, badly wounded.
Forgetful of his own terrible injury in his desire to aid a
suffering comrade, Capt. Monkman began to drag
himself towards Major Fane. As he passed an angle
of the trench a German shell struck near by and
exploded. One fragment struck Captain Monkman
on the temple and another near the heart, killing him
instantly.

Capt. W. F. Peterman of the 13th Battalion, a
Cobalt Customs Officer, though painfully wounded in
the head and face, stuck to his post for three hours
until relieved. He was afterwards killed in action.

Unexcelled for gallantry was the last hour of
Capt. Charles P. Cotton, son of the late Major General
Cotton, and, in civil life, on the staff of the Department
of the Interior. He died when Canadian battalions
stemmed the German rush at Hooge in the early days
of June, 1916. A contemporary account of the oc-
currence was as follows:

"In the counter attack Captain Charles Cotton,
son of General Cotton, and picked crews of three guns,
smuggled them out within three hundred yards of the
enemy parapet,— our former parados^ — and blew open
a way for the Canadian Infantry.

"Each man knew that only a miracle could save
him. One by one they dropped away, wounded or
killed. Captain Cotton, badly wounded, was the only
one left, feeding the single gun that was effective, he
fired shrapnel at close range at the Huns who attempted
to stem our attack.

"Weakening from loss of blood, he happened to see
a wireless operator whose aerial had been shot away,
showed him how to set time fuses and the two of them
worked the gun until an unlucky hit blew it to smither-
eens. The operator had a marvellous escape, but
Captain Cotton was never seen again, though with
the dawn volunteers searched the place for his body."

Lieut. R. A. R. Campbell of the Forestrj^ Branch
of the Department of the Interior went overseas in the
ranks of the 20th Battalion and was given a commission
in the 2nd West Yorkshire regiment. He fell in
action in July, 1916, and his Captain, writing to the
sorrowing father, said, — "I have met many lirave men
in the course of active service but not one whose pluck
and conduct I held as much admiration for as your
son's."

Harry Hogarth of the Department of Trade and
Commerce is a prisoner in the hands of the Germans.
His captors ordered him to work in a munition factory,
and when he refused to do so, was tried by court
martial and sentenced to a year in jail.

And so the grand story of gallantry and self-
sacrifice might be continued by the relation of other
similar incidents did space and circumstances permit.
The little stories given above are merely examples of
the hundreds that might be told. Others will be found
in the records of hoiiours won. The mere recital of the
names of "Our Boys," dead, wounded or in German
prisons, is impressive. The following lists cover
approximately the first two years of the war and are
known to be incomplete:

DEAD

Adams, F. M., Customs, Peterborough.

Allen, Bertram K., Inland Revenue, Belleville.

Allan, Lieut.-Col. W. D., D.S.O., Meteorological Office, Toronto.

Allard, A. J., Railway Mail Clerk, Montreal.

Alexander, W. C, Post Office Department, Ottawa.

Annandale, T. S., Customs, New Westminster.

Baril, Conrad, Topographical Surveys, Ottawa.

Bottomley, Lieut. John W., Railway Mail Clerk, Niagara Falls.

Baxter, Robert Isaac, Interior, Ottawa.

Bolton, Lambert E. S., Topographical Surveys.

Bothwell, Lieut. G. E., Interior, Ottawa.

Bush, A. H., Agriculture, Vancouver.

Boston, J. W., Agriculture, Brandon.

Barlett, Lieut. Walter H., Interior.

Cardew, R., Militia and Defence, Quebec.

Chevillard, Hector, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

Carr, Frank E., Post Office, Vancouver.

Carson, George A., Letter Carrier, Regina.

Coe, C. A., Post Office, Toronto.

Couch, Stanley M., Public Works, Ottawa.

Cox, Edwin B., Post Office, Toronto.

Creighton, M., Post Office, Toronto.

Currie, James, Trade and Commerce, Fort William.

Calderon, F. E., Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa.

Compton, H. B., Post Office, Regina.

Clapperton, Lieut. Geo., Public Works, Temiskaming.

Carthew, W. M., Topographical Surveys, Ottawa.

As Viewed Fhom Ottawa

125-

Cotton, Capt. C. P., Interior, Montreal.

Curphey, Geo. D., Customs, Calgaty.

Cuffe, T. L., Post Office, Peterboro.

Corsan, Kenneth C, Inland Revenue, Vancouver.

Campbell, Lieut. R. A. R., Interior.

Cross, C. H., Customs, Ashcroft, B.C.

Dann, Lieut. Eyre M., Interior, Vancouver.

Dewar, E- L., Railway Mail Clerk, Calgary.

Didsbury, W. H., Letter Carrier, Winnipeg.

Dube, John, Public Works, Chicoutimi.

Farquhar, Lieut. -Col. P., D.S.O., Governor-General's Office,

Ottawa.
Fraser, C. S., Customs, Regina.
Fitzgibbons, G., Interior, Calgary.
Fitzgerald, T. F., Customs, Edmonton.
Foursin, Pierre, Interior, Paris, France.
Greenhalgh, B. W., Railway Mail Clerk, Moose Jaw.
Griffiths, A., Public Works.

Godwin, Lieut. J. L., House of Commons, Ottawa.
Giflord, V. R., Militia ard Defence, Ottawa.
Gordon, W. A., Agriculture, Fredericton.
Gilroy, Major S. W., Postmaster, Smith's Falls.
Grant, C. R., Royal Mint, Ottawa.
Hilton, W. H., Letter Carrier, Halifax.
Hindle, D. S., Customs, Regina.
Humbert, Paul, Agriculture, Ottawa.
Harding, W., Letter Carrier, Saskatoon.
Haegert, S. M., Letter Carrier, Victoria, B.C.
Hope, W. R., Customs, Greenwood, B.C.
Huguet, Georges P., Public Works, Ottawa.
Harris, E. C, Railways and Canals, St. Catharines.
Haggett, R. R., Post Office, Calgary.
Hall, W. W., Post Office, Peterboro.
Hanley, F. A., Militia and Defence, Ottawa.
Harrison, C, Agriculture, Lennoxville.

Hughes, Thomas Victor, Railway Mail Clerk, London District .
Isabelle, Ulric I., Interior, Maple Creek.
Jackson, Harry H., Post Office, \'ancouver.
Jackson, J. H., Public Works, Battleford.
Knight, Lieut. Geo. W., Interior, Waterton.
Kinnaird, T. A., Post Office, Edmonton. •

Killens, W. J., Labour, Ottawa.
King, S. M. L., Post Office, Saskatoon.
Lamplough, Leonard A., Militia and Defence, Ottawa.
Lambourn, D. J., Letter Carrier, Victoria, B.C.
Leckie, A., Post Office, Davisville.
Muirhead, Alex., Post Office, Regina.
Marchant, J. S., Customs, Quebec.
Matheson, M., Public Works, Victoria, B.C.
Moore, H. C, Customs, Vancouver.
Monkman, Capt. H. S., Indian Affairs, Vegreville.
Mawhinney, G. D., Post Office, Toronto.
Millar, Kdmond, Letter Carrier, Calgary.
Morrison, J. R., Trade and Commerce, Winnipeg.
Meunicr, J. A., Railway Mail Clerk, Winnipeg.
McClean, J. W., Customs, Medicine Hat.
McAllister, A. W., Letter Carrier, Toronto.
McDiarmid, M. I., P. O. Inspector's Office, Vancouver.
McGee, Capt. Frank C, Interior, Ottawa.
Mott, Major Guy L., Interior, Halifax.
Maxted, C. P., Interior, Calgary.
MacKinlay, Lieut. T. H., Customs, Vancouver.
McLaren, N. W., Customs, Ottawa.
McKcnzie, Doiiald, Letter Carrier, Brandon,
Nicholson, A., Dominion Police, Ottawa.
Noailles, L. de, Hou,se of Commons, Ottawa.
Noverre, P. W., Post Office, Toronto.
Nichols, Lieut. R. W., Agriculture, Ottawa.
Peddle, E., Interior, London, Eng.
Pelletier, D., Post Office, Ottawa.
Price, E., Interior, London, Eng.
Pickard, F. F., Mariije and Fisheries, Victoria, B.C.

Peaker, Lieut. C. H., Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa

Price, T. H., Railway Mail Clerk, Toronto.

Perkins, J. W., Railways and Canals, St. Catharines.

Peterman, Capt. W. F., Customs, Cobalt.

Petley, T. H., Post Office, Brandon.

Porter, Samuel S., Letter Carrier, Saskatoon.

Quinn, A. F., Post Office, Vancouver.

Racette, J. B. F., Interior, Ottawa.

Ragbourn, H. W., Public Works, Barafield, B.C.

Richmond, S. B., Post Office, Toronto.

Raynor, Geo. T., Geodetic Survey, Ottawa.

Salt, E. St.C, Post Office Department, Ottawa.

Smith, Wm. H., Letter Carrier, Toronto.

Smith, F. R., Post Office, Saskatoon.

Smith, Ivan, Railway Mail Clerk, Winnipeg.

Shapton, S. W., Trade and Commerce, Fort William.

Salmon, R. S., Indian Affairs, Fort .Smith.

Shipton, J. C, Agriculture, Annapolis.

Trapnell, D. M., Interior, Montreal.

Toole, Lieut. E. T., Topographical Surveys, Calgary.

Thompson, William, Mail Transfer Agent, Calgary.

Thorson, Stephen, Railway Mail Clerk, Saskatoon.

Villiers, Alfred, Mail Transfer Agent, Winnipeg.

Walker, S., Railway Mail Clerk, Moose Jaw.

Wilkinson, E. A., Dominion Police, Esquimault.

Whiteside, Capt. A. F., Naval Service.

Watson, W. H., Railway Mail Clerk, Toronto.

Wright, Harvey, Letter Carrier, Toronto.

Wauchope, Wm., Letter Carrier, Toronto.

Watts, Lieut. R. E., Railways and Canals, St. Catharines.

Walsh, F. W., Agriculture, Lethbridge.

Whittick, Harry, Letter Carrier, Regina.

Wootten, E. H., Naval Service, Port Arthur.

WOUNDED

(On account of the great difficulty in collecting information
regarding wounded men, this record is very incomplete. Several
hundred names of wounded are not included).

Acland, Major P. P., Finance, Ottawa.

Adamson, Lieut. -Col. Agar, S. A. M., Senate, Ottawa.

Allan, Lieut. -Col. W. D. (since died).

Anderson, A. D., Public Works, Ottawa.

Anderson, M. G., Finance, Ottawa.

Anderson, Lieut. Wm., Interior, Ottawa.

Armstrong, Lieut. G. F., Royal Mint, Ottawa.

Barge, Wm. R., Interior, White Rock.

Barker, J. R., Public Works.

Bate, S. C, Railway Mail Clerk, Vancouver.

Blurton, J. F., Customs, Winnipeg.

Bramhall, W. J., Dominion Police, Ottawa.

Brown, C. G., Railway Mail Clerk, Winnipeg.

Burns, W. G., Customs, Toronto.

Brown, Maj. J. E., Militia and Defence, Ottawa.

Beddoe, A. B., Interior, Ottawa.

Bridge, T., Public Works, Medicine Hat.

Berridge, S. C, Post Office, Brandon.

Bell, T. F., Post Office, Calgary.

Butler, John, Printing Bureau, Ottawa.

Ball, Lieut. H. E. E., Customs, Toronto.

Browne, L. A., Agriculture, Ottawa.

Bick, Lieut. A. H., Topographical Surveys, Ottawa.

Beaton, G. M., Post Office, Edmonton.

Brennan, Wm. Letter Carrier, Lethbridge.

Bridger, Thos., Public Works, Toronto.

Brookfield, Lieut. W. W., Railways and Canals, St. Catharines.

Burns, Gregory, Printing Bureau, Ottawa.

Bennett, R. J., Customs Department, Ottawa.

Ball, Major John C, Railways & Canals, St. Catharines.

Blore, George, Post Office, Regina.

Blackstock, Lieut. Geo. W., Interior, Kindersley.

126

Two Yeaks of War

Bailey, Fred G., Interior, Humboldt.

Carter, H. A., Post Office, Regina.

Cecil, E. E., Railway Mail Service, Calgary.

Champion, A. G., Dominion Police, Ottawa.

Ching, Harry, Railway Mail Clerk, Calgary.

Cox, H. B., Post Office, Vancouver.

Currie, W. G., Railway Mail Clerk, Winnipeg.

Conroy, Lieut. P. S., Post Office Department, Ottawa.

Chartrand, A. A., Public Works, Ottawa.

Cooper, H. S., Trade and Commerce, Fort William.

Chase, A. E., Customs, Port Arthur.

Cox, Richard, Interior, Medicine Hat.

Corbould, Lieut. C. E., Interior, Vancouver.

Cowley, Lieut Chas. B., Interior, Grouard.

Chisholm, Kenneth C, Interior, Kamloops.

de Salaberry, Lieut. -Col. Rene, Justice, Ottawa.

de Valter, R., Public Works, Sherbrooke.

de Balinhard, Lieut. J. C, Interior, Yorkton.

Donovan, W. J., Printing Bureau, Ottawa.

Drayton, Lieut. P. L., Agriculture, Ottawa.

Dorgans, Guy, Agriculture, Ottawa.

Doyle, A. E., Post Office, Vancouver.

Duthoit, A. G., Post Office, Winnipeg.

Dargie, D. M., Railway Mail Clerk, Vancouver.

Dubuc, Lieut. -Col. A. E., Public Works, Montreal.

Draper, Lieut.-Col. D. C, Customs, Montreal.

Dreher, W. C. F., Agriculture, Ottawa.

Dube, John, (since died).

Denholm, D., Post Office, Saskatoon.

Duggleby, L. H., Letter Carrier, Saskatoon.

Dunne, P. L., Topographical Surveys, Ottawa.

Dudley, J. H., Post Office Department, Ottawa.

Edmunds, Lieut. R. J., Royal Mint, Ottawa.

Eagleson, Lieut. S. P., Interior, Ottawa.

Eraser, H. G., Post Office Department, Ottawa. '

Pillion, H, O., Customs Department, Ottawa.

Fanning, W. J., Customs, Quebec.

Finnimore, Lieut., C. W., Agriculture, Toronto.

Eraser, F. W., Interior, Montreal.

Forbes, Capt. J. W., Interior, Winnipeg.

Fane, Major F. W. W., Interior, Calgary.

Griesbach, Lieut. H. H., Customs, Edmonton.

Graham, J. H., Customs, Toronto.

Ganong, Lieut. A. T., Railway Mail Clerk, St. John.

Gardner, W. A., Customs, Saskatoon.

Grant, T. E., P. O. Inspector's Office, Saskatoon.

Ganton, J. W., Customs, Calgary.

Gregory, H. R., Customs, ,St. Catharines.

Girvan, Major J. P., Post Office, Toronto.

Harmon, Lieut. B. W., Naval Service, Ottawa.

Hart, Edward, Railway Mail Clerk, Vancouver.

Hawkins, W. A., Customs, Toronto.

Hendrie, J. M., Letter Carrier, Lethbridge.

Huguet, G. P. (since killed).

Huston, Lieut. O. A., Customs, Winnipeg.

Harvey, L. R. P., Railway Mail Service, Moose Jaw.

Howard, Lieut. G. V. W., Royal Mint, Ottawa.

Hughes, Brig. -Gen. W. St. P., Justice.

Hay, Lieut. John, Customs, Winnipeg.

Hogan, T., Public Works.

Hainsworth, G., Marine and Fisheries, Prescott.

Holmden, Rolf, Agriculture, Ottawa.

Hobart, Lieut. S. W., Indian Affairs, Ottawa.

Holt, C. W. K., Post Office, Lethbridge.

Hesson, Percy, Customs, Port Arthur.

Huggett, A. P., Inland Revenue, Victoria, B.C.

Hudson, Major H. F., Agriculture, Strathroy.

Holmden, Capt. S. M., Marine and Fisheries, Edmonton.

Hunter, W. E., Interior, Ottawa.

Jones, Walter, Post Office, Regina.

Johnston, E. McD., Interior, Winnipeg.

Keyt, W. E., Public Works, Chase, B.C.

Kerr, L. H., Railway Mail Clerk, Calgary.

Kelly, Irwin, Royal Mint, Ottawa.

Lamond, John, Customs, Vancouver.

Lacroix, J. E. R., Letter Carrier, Ottawa.

Lapointe, A., Letter Carrier, Ottawa.

Lindesay, A. A., Agriculture, Ottawa.

Lothian, D. E., Agriculture, Ottawa.

Law, Thos., Trade and Commerce, Fort William.

Leckie, Wm., Interior, Maple Creek.

Lynch, T. F., Interior, Calgary.

MacKinnon, D., Letter Carrier, Calgary.

Mallan, G., Railway Mail Clerk, Moose Jaw.

Miller, W. T. B., Post Office, Regina.

Maunder, J. E., Letter Carrier, Toronto.

Matheson, K. W., Customs, Monteal.

Millar, N. R., Railway Mail Clerk, Vancouver.

Muirhead, Lieut. Geo. B., Trade and Commerce, Fort William

Munro, J., Royal Mint, Ottawa.

Mulvaney, Jos., Public Works, Vancouver.

Mackinlay, Lieut. T. H., Customs, Vancouver.

Morrison, David, Post Office, Saskatoon.

Macdonald, A. G., Railway Mail Clerk, Winnipeg.

Murdock, A. W., Public Works, Winnipeg.

McClelland, J. H.,. Customs, Toronto.

McElroy, H. H., Customs Department, Ottawa.

McLennen, Capt. A. G., Topographical Surveys, Ottawa.

McGee, Lieut. F. C. (since killed).

McQuarrie, Lieut. John, Customs, Edmonton.

McCreath, Lieut. J., Public Works, Sault Ste. Marie.

McMorris, Geo., Interior, Red Deer.

McKennell, Thos., Customs, Toronto.

McMurdo, John, Trade and Commerce, Winnipeg.

McQuarrie, Lieut. D. A., Public Works, Nelson.

McDonald, E-, Interior,

McAllister, David D., Interior, Saskatoon. .

Neale, W. A., Interior, Winnipeg.

Nicholson, R. H., Public Works, Charlottetown.

Neely, H., Agriculture, Agassiz.

Norris, Lieut. J. A., Post Office, Vancouver.

Ogilvie, Capt. N. C, Militia and Defence, Quebec.

Postlethwaite, F., Public Works, New Westminster.

Proctor, S., Letter Carrier, Winnipeg.

Prall-Pierce, Lieut. H. A., Customs, Fort Frances.

Peters, Lieut. Hugh, Public Works, Victoria.

Powell, Lieut. R. W., Public Works, Ottawa.

Parker, Lieut. T. H., Interior, Ottawa.

Peterman, Capt. F. W., Customs, North Bay.

Pickup, W., Railway Mail Clerk, Winnipeg.

Pinder, G. Z., Topographical Surveys.

Perry, Chas., Post Office, Edmonton.

Patterson, E. G., Customs, Windsor, Ont.

Preece, J. V., Post Office, Regina.

Parry, C, Interior, Winnipeg.

Perie, Alex., Interior, Winnipeg.

Quinn, A. F., Post Office, Vancouver.

Rowe, Capt. L. R., Customs, Winnipeg.

Rogerson, J. W., Post Office, Winnipeg.

Ross, Norman, Public Works, St. Andrews, Man.

Roche, W. J., Inland Revenue, Ottawa.

Ross, Lieut. Bruce, Public Works, Ottawa.

Rintoul, A. E., Customs, Vancouver.

Reilly, W. F., Naval Service, Ottawa.

Reynolds, Lieut. H. J., Railway Mail Clerk, Saskatoon.

Raymond, W. G., Post Office, Brantford.

Scharschmidt, Lieut. H. B., Customs, Vancouver.

Sharraan, Lieut.-Col. C. H. L., .'Agriculture, Ottawa.

Stevens, J. L., Customs, Winnipeg.

Stockwood, L. R. P., Customs, Saskatoon.

Sharpe, Lieut. W. J. S., Interior, Ottawa.

Smith, F. A., Customs Department, Ottawa.

Stewart, F. D., Post Office, Saskatoon.

•Sinclair, Capt. A. J., Post Office, Toronto.

As Viewed From Ottawa

127

Smart. J. E.. Railway Mail Clerk, Calgary.

Segre, B. H., Topographical Surveys.

Stewardson, C. E., Customs, Fort William.

Simons, Dan A., Post Office Department, Ottawa.

Shapton, W. F., Trade and Commerce, Fort William.

Stronach, Lieut. R. S., Interior, Ottawa.

Staines, Alfred T., Interior, Medicine Hat.

Stout, Jas. S., Interior, Ottawa.

Thompson, Harry B. R., Interior, Calgary.

Thompson, Lieut. H. A., Public Works, Chase.

Tingley, Lieut. F. H., Public Works, St. John.

Turner, A. B., Post Office, Vancouver.

Thomas, Lieut. E. A., Public Works, St. John.

Thexton, R. D., Militia and Defence, Ottawa.

Vanasse, O. A., Public Works, Ottawa.

Vickerman, Stanley T., Interior, Jasper.

White, Lieut. Wm. T., Interior, Calgary.

Ward, A. B., Customs, Toronto.

Walter, R., Letter Carrier, Ottawa.

Wells, W. A., Justice, New Westminster.

Williams, F. M., Letter Carrier, Regina.

Williams, R., Railway Mail Clerk, Moose Jaw.

Williams, A. P., Royal Mint, Ottawa.

Woodruff, B. J., Interior, Ottawa.

Whitley, Lieut. H. T. C, Labour, Ottawa.

Wharton, Lieut. A. H., Library of Parliament, Ottawa.

Simons, D. A., Post Office Department, Ottawa.
Walter, R., Letter Carrier, Ottawa.

PRISONERS OF WAR

Ainsborough, W. P., Labour, Ottawa.

Beddoe, A. B., Interior, Ottawa.

Bellew, Lieut. E. D., Public Works, Vancouver.

Fanning, W. J., Customs, Quebec.

Good, H. M., Post Office, Saskatoon.

Hogarth, H. S., Trade and Commerce, Fort William.

Hardy, H. F., Post Office, vSaskatoon.

Pallister, E. H., Post Office, Edmonton.

Rioual, Yves, Inland Revenue, Ottawa.

Saidler, J., Public Works, Edmonton.

T.\KEN IN

CORP. DAN A. SIMONS
A German Prisonebs-of-War Internment Camp
(Post Office Dept., Ottawa)

Kismet

By T. a. Browne

{T. A. Browne of Ihe Department of the Interior /jos (uivanced far since his first volume, "The White Plague and
Other Poems," made him known as a writer of verse a few years ago. The war has evidently been the inspiration for which he
was waiting, and during the first two years of its course he has produced several poems on patriotic subjects which have been
notable for their fire and strength and have won high favor with editors and publishers both in Canada and the United Slates.
"Kismet" was his tribute to the memory of Kitchener.)

■

The Sea has garnered what the Land would keep;

The Orkney's brine enshrouds him in its gloom.

Unphrased, mysterious, he sank to sleep

In ocean decjjs that darken o'er his tomb.

What message sealed his dead and sphinx-like lips

IJ]) from his great heart, yearning to be told,

While strained in agony the stricken sliip

Amid that wilderness of waters cold?

Methought while death's tubed menace sped the waves

The Sea exultant cried fmm vengeful crests,

"Him take I captive to my sombre eaves

For my lost Nelson, whom the Land invests.

It prisons still my noblest sailor son

So frbm the Land I take its peerless one."

He planned in continents and Empire hewed,
Moulding from out the waste an ordered world.
Striding, a bronzed Colossus, grim and rude,
O'er Afric veldt and Egypt's sands, storm-swirled.
Pressing Imperial-purposed, to his goal;
Before, his country's high and luminous star,
He on her altar laid his splendid soul,
Bequeathed in martyrdom of glorious war.

Beside the Cyprus hills, or Nubian sands,
By Libya's stony, terraced, huge Plateau,
Within the trackless silence, "What commands?"
Whispered the sphinx, his ear alone to know.
What portents shaped the wild Sirocco's rage
Where Memnon tunes across the plain at dawn?
Saw he vast armies of t he West engage
In strife stupendous, in those days agone,
When by the Nile he conquered at Khaitount
Saw he unmoved the vision of his doom?

With his high fame and liberty secure,
He rests, his task gigantic, nobly done.
Born for the ages, ever to endure,
He would not pass were victory not won.
Behold the prodigy he reared! — arrayed
The millions, surgmg to his trumpet voice
Proclaim the triumph that his genius laid,
Be brave, my England; it is well, rejoice!
Like Egypt's temples, towering, he stands
Amid the crumbling nations, battle-strewn,
Shadowing times, shifting, war-duned sands,
Prodigious, silent, sombre and immune.

128 Two Years of War

The Way of Victory

By James Lawlek

{James Lawler was well known as a journalist before he entered the service of the Department of the Interior. In htx
poem, "The Way of Victory," he demonstrates an ability to accomplish something far beyond what is usually required oj a
newspaper-man.)

Once again, O Mother Britain, there has struck a deathless hour

Wherein, on behalf of Freedom, thou art called to show thy power;

For, behold, a madman-monarch deems that he the earth can span

As the modern world-colossus, HohenzoUern-superman.

He, the ruler of the ages, would appoint to each his place,

While the Briton, Gaul and Russian would live only by his grace.

These should hew his knotty timber, those should bitter water draw,

ABd the nations dance obedience to his lightest barrack-law.

Britain's ships should fetch and carry, France should serve him with her skill,

Italy should give her treasures, Russian men his soil shoiild till;

While within the Potsdam palace, ruling all things with his nod,

There would sit the Super-Kaiser, duly patronizing God.

To its shame a mighty people bowed to such a creed as this.

And then forty years of practice plunged them into the abyss.

Forty years their coward teachers ate the salt and kissed the rod,

Trembled when a madman nodded, — feared a man and sneered at God.

Oh ye landgraves and electors. Oh ye Germans of the Rhine,

Was there not a man to lead you 'gainst this Prussian Frankenstein;

Not a dauntless count or prelate, not a patriot in your need;

Not a throng of sturdy Barons and a glorious Runnymede?

Dev'lish teaching, baser practice, violated Belgium shows.

And the Serbian babes and mothers slaughtered 'mid their mountain snows.

Honour but an outworn weakness, solemn bonds but paper scraps;

"Kultur" is the holy garment which the Superman enwraps.

What are lib'ries, what cathedrals, what are Lusitanias now?

Frightfulness, the Junker mercy, lights up every kultured brow.

These are crimes, O Junker scoundrels, like the paid assassin's work.

But the lowest depth of baseness was to murder through the Turk!

And when this "most Christian monarch," to arrest his falling star,

Did persuade the unwilling Sultan to proclaim a "Holy War";

While a Christian world in horror waited for that awful blast.

Moslem leaders scorned the message — baulked — and Islam's day had passed.

Grim but joyful did thy children, Britain, see thee raise thy blade,
Strike a ringing blow for freedom, rush to bleeding Belgium's aid;
When the great and lesser nations saw thee raise that fainting head.
Then they knew thai, 'spite of "kultur". Justice, Honour were not dead.
Said then every man and woman thy wide Empire's bounds within,
What would be the use of living if this Franken.stein should win?
"Better fight and die in fighting for the freedom of the race,
"Than to grovel to a sergeant in the street and market-place.
"It were better, wild and naked, men should suffer, yet be free,
"Than to learn in well-fed slavery how to fear and crook the knee."

From the field and from the workshop thronged thy sons in countless bands.

From thy sea-encircled islands, from the younger outer lands,

From the mines and farms and stations, warm beneath the Southern Cross,

From the North Atlantic surges where the fishing schooners toss.

From Canadian farms and cities, rivers, mines and hills of pine,

From a hundred bays and islands 'twixt the Circles and the Line,

Newfoundlander, Afrikander — eldest, youngest of thy sons, —

But one aim had all thy children, — that one aim to stay the Huns;

While from Indian prince and peasant, dwelling safely 'neath thy laws,

Came their gifts of life and treasure toward upholding Freedom's cause.

Blow the bugle. Mother Britain, signal to renewed attack.

Till within their rightful borders all the Huns are driven back;

Press and press the stubborn conflict till the foe is overthrown

And the violated nations are restored unto their own.

As the straining days grind by us, fearful grows the toll and dread — - .

Every family has its hero, every hamlet counts its dead —

Still we come, O Mother Britain, counting cost and paying toll.

Grimly settled and determined fully to attain the goal;

Fixed to smash the monstrous doctrine that all-brutal Might is Right

And make clear God's law eternal, everlasting, Right is Might.

May the life-restoring lesson that Almighty God intends

Soon be learned and learned completely, by the nations, — foes and friends.

They have bowed to brutal Kultur. We have worshipped selfish Ease;

Both must batter down and scatter every idol such as these.

Flabby Ease and brutal Kultur must give way to general good.

And the world advance, victorious, by the path of brothei-hood.

Struggling, fainting, yet pursuing, holding to the mighty plan

Under God to rebuild Freedom on the Brotherhood of Man.

As Viewed Fhom Ottawa

129

Side-Lights of the War-Time

A National Loss

A MEMORABLE incident of the war-time was the
destruction of the main block of the Parliament
Buildings by fire on the night of February 3rd,
1916. A Royal Commission failed to definitely estab-
lish the cause of the fire, and, though suspicion was
rife, there is no evidence to connect the disaster with
the war in any way.

During the long hours of the terrible night when
the flames were marching irresistibly through the cor-

employees. The pride in this record of duty noV)ly
done will be tempered by sad memories, foi four civil
servants, as well as one member of the Commons, lost
their lives in the fire. The assistant clerk of the
House of Commons, a Dominion Police constable, a
member of the staff of the Post Office Department and
one of the employees of the Public Works Department
gave up their lives in their devotion to duty that night.
The fire threw a tremendous burden on certain
branches of the Civil Service. The Senate and House
of Commons staffs, deprived of the quarters in which

The Parliament Buildings Before the Fire on Opening of Parliament

ridors, offices and stately chambers of the historic old
structure, civil servants worked like men possessed to
save a tithe of the treasures over which destruction
hovered. Men of the Commons and Senate staffs,
men of the PubHc Works, Dominion Police officers and
others risked life and limb every minute and snatched
priceless documents and records, books, paintings and
other valuables from the very teeth of the flames. A
great work was accomplished, and in the new buildings
that are now arising on the site, bronze tablets will
testify to the gratitude of the Houses to their faithful

they had been located for half a century and lacking
practically all the records and equipment by which
their work was carried on, were nevertheless required
to continue their duties almost without interruption,
for the House of Commons was at work again within
eighteen hours. A war session of parliament was then
in progress and no delays to public business were
possible. Despite all difficulties, the work of the govern-
ment went on with scarcely a pause.

That the Houses were able to meet again in so
short a space of time and carry on their business was a

130

Two Years of War

Ihe Parliament Bdildinqs After the Fire — the Morning of February 4th, 1916

He-Laying the Corner-Stone of the Parliament Buildings by H.R.H. the Duke op Connaught, September 1st, 1910

As Viewed From Ottawa

131

testimony to the capabilities of the Department of
Puhhc Works. That spacious structure, the Victoria
Memorial Museum, was conuuandeered as a temporarj'
home for Parliament. In a trice the hundreds of
thousands of exhibits, with all their massive cases and
mountings, were whisked out of sight and stored away;
the priceless treasures of the National Art Gallery
were taken from the walls and safely put by; tempor-
ary partitions sprang up all over the building, providing
scores of offices, committee rooms and other neces-
sary accommodation; carpets were laid down; furni-
ture provided and placed; light, telephone and tele-
graph equipment installed; post offices set up and com-
pletely established, and, in short. Parliament provided
with all its necessary accommodation and conveniences
to a degree and in a space of time that would seem to be
impossible had it not been actually accomplished.

The ruins of the old building on Parliament Hill
have been entirely removed, leaving only the beautiful
Library building, which the flames spared. Plans and
specifications have been prepared and fountlations
laid for a new and greater structure, and, on the first
day of September, His Royal Highness the Duke of
Connaught re-laid, with appropriate ceremonies, the
corner-stone which his brother, the late King Edward
VII, laid for the old building in 1860, now to be the
main corner of the new building.

Reconstruction goes rapidly forward, and the
opening of a new and finer home of the Parliament of
Canada will be one of the notable events of the first
years of peace.

The New Welland Ship Canal

SEVERAL great i)ublic works that were under-
taken before the outbreak of the war have had
to be carried on in order to avoid enormous loss
to contractors and through damage to portions already
accomplished. Most notable among these is the new
Welland Ship Canal.

For almost a century there has been navigation
between lakes Erie and Ontario by means of a Welland
canal and the increasing size of the successive canals
constructed has ijeen merelj' proportionate to the
growth of the country and the development of fresh-
water navigation.

The first canal, completed by private enterprise in
1829, had forty wooden locks, each 110 feet long, 22
feet wide and 8 feet deep. The Government of Upper
Canada took it over and in 1845 it was rebuilt with
twenty-seven masoiu-y locks, each 150 feet long, 2G5
feet wide and 9 feet dee]). The depth was very shortly
increased to 10 feet. Thirty years later a new canal
was found to be necessary and it was built partly on a
new route, shorter and more direct than the original
course. It .was completed in 1882, with locks 270 x
45 X 12 feet in size, the depth being subsequently in-
creased to fourteen feet.

This waterway is still in use and part of it will be
enlarged to conform to the design of the great ship
channel now under construction. No description of the
works going on at the present time can be more striking
than the mere quotation of the dimensions of the new
locks for comparison with those of the former locks as

given above. There will be but seven locks to over-
come the difference of .326 feet between the levels oi
the lakes. Each will be eight hundred feet long, eighty
feet wide and will have thirty feet of water on its mitre
sills. Accompanying illustration gives a further idea
of these tremendous structures.

Port Dalhousie will be abandoned as the Lake
Ontario entrance of the canal and a new port is being
constructed a few miles to the eastward bj^ building

MAJOR J. L. WELLER
Engineer in Charge New Welland Canal

two great breakwaters, each a mile and a half long,
out into the lake. This new harbor is named "Port
Weller" in honor of Major J. L. Weller, the chief de-
signer and enginecr-in-charge of the tremendous under-
taking.

On the stretches or "levels" between locks the new
canal will be 200 feet wide at the bottom, 310 feet wide
at the water-line and 25 feet deep. The largest vessels
on the lakes to-day are 625 feet long and 59 feet wide,
while the channels connecting the upper lakes will per-

132

Two Years of War

mit the passage of vessels drawing only up to 20 feet
of water. The canal will thus accommodate any inter-
lake vessel now afloat, with several feet of water to spare
and, as it can be dredged to the lock-depth of 30 feet,
it will be of capacity to handle the greatest demands of
inland navigation for many years to come.

Statistics of the work to be done are incomprehens-
ible to the layman or to one who lias not visited and
studied the undertaking now in progress. Forty
million cubic yards of earth and six million cu1)ic yards
of rock have to lie moved. If this material were all
loaded on dump-cars, such as are in service on the
construction railway, thej' would make a train fifteen
thousand miles in length.

The quantity of concrete to be placed is two million,
two hundred thousand cubic yards, — sufficient to build
a solid wall twenty feet high, six feet thick, and a hun-
dred miles long.

the work is let in sections to contractors. To facili-
tate the enormous undertaking, the Department of
Railways and Canals has built and operates the
Welland Ship Canal Construction Railwaj^, — a stand-
ard-gauge, rock- ballasted Hne, equipped with electric
inter-locking block signals and telephone despatching
system and, though but eight miles long, one of the
busiest stretches of railway in the world. It runs
along the line of the works from Port Wellcr to
Thorold and its traffic is about fourteen thousand
cars per day.

Canada, absorbed in the affairs of war, takes but
little note of the marvellous triumph of peace that is
being accomplished in her midst, but when the boys
have come home from overseas and normal conditions
again prevail, national pride in this achievement will be
aroused and due honor accorded the men who have
planned it and carried it out.

The New Wellan'd Ship C.\n.\l, Lock No. 1, Fbom .4bove

The gates of the new locks will be of the single-leaf
type, instead of the familiar double gates meeting in the
centre. Lower gates will be 82 feet high, 88 feet long
and 10 feet thick, built of steel, and each will weigh
upwards of a thousand tons. Upper gates will not
necessarily be so large or heavy. The passage of a
vessel through a lock will occupy only twenty minutes,
of which only eight minutes will be required for the
actual elevation or lowering. The lock gates will be
entirely operated by electric power. Passage of the
twenty-five miles of channel from lake to lake will be
accomplished by vessels in eight hours, as against fifteen
to eighteen hours in the present canal.

The e.stimated cost of the new canal is fifty million
dollars.

The new canal has been designed and is being built
under the direction of Dominion civil servants, though

Some Civil Service War Problems

THE war caught the Canadian Civil Service in the
midst of a fight for justice, — and with success
in sight. The declaration of war removed all
hope of immediate victory, for during the continuance
of the war parliament will consider only "war measures"
and other legislation of the most urgent character.
How long a time must elapse after the conclusion of the
war before the government will take up Civil Service
matters again is a subject upon which it is useless to
speculate.

The great object for which the Civil Service of
Canada has been fighting for years is the introduction
of the merit system of appointment and promotion
and the complete elimination of political patronage
from all matters connected with government employ-

As Viewed Fhom Ottawa

133

ment. Secondary, yet of but slightly inferior import-
ance to these, are the questions of superannuation, in-
ternal organization and salary schedules.

One great victory has been won by the efforts of the
Civil Service Federation of Canada, viz., — that the
Civil Service now knows what it wants. Before the
organization of the Federation, every department and
class and every local association between Halifax and
Vancouver had a plan of its own for the betterment of
the service, and the numerous and conflicting repre-
sentations made to the government by differently
situated persons made progress towards the common
goal almost impossible. The Civil Service Federation
has brought its vast and scattered membership to a
united opinion upon the basic principles of Civil
Service reform and this in itself is an achievement worth
the whole labor involved in forming and conducting
the Federation.

With the unanimous sentiment of their great
organization clearly expressed on certain points, the
executive officers strongly urged upon the' government
the introduction of new Civil Service legislation into
parliament in the early days of 1914. Near the close
of that session two Bills were laid before the House of
Commons by Hon. (now Sir) W. T. White, — a minister
who has given civil service problems long and close
study since he entered the government in 1911. One
Bill dealt with the general organization and conduct of
both "outside" and "inside" divisions of the Civil
Service and advanced some of the most desirable and
necessary reforms, while the other proposed to estab-
lish a new Civil Service superannuation system, bringing
the government into line with the modern methods
adopted by banks, railways and other great employing
concerns of all English-speaking countries. The Bills
were regarded V)y the Civil Service as by no means per-
fect, and when that session of parliament ended without
their having been advanced beyond first readings, it
was felt that the delay between sessions would give
excellent opportunity for detailed consideration and
the preparation of suggestions to the government for
amendments.

This work was in hand when the war broke out and
])ut an end to all hope of early action. The Civil
Service Federation, for the outside service, and the
Civil Service Association of Ottawa, for the inside
service, have conducted exhaustive examinations of the
"White Bills" and their probable effects, and when the
government is ready again to take up civil service
matters, these organizations will be prepared to present
memoranda that will be of great value to all parties
concerned.

Surely no one can understand the Civil Service
better than the civil servants themselves do! Who,
then, is better able to suggest reforms and improvements
in the Service than they?

It may b.e remarked that, while the cost of living
has soared since the commencement of the war and
wages in almost every trade and employment have
been advanced, the Civil Service is still working under
the salary schedule of 1908.

CIVIL SERVANTS AND THE WAR
When the call came for C'anadian volunteers to go
overseas to aid the Motherland, hundreds of civil serv-

ants joined the colors without waiting to inquire con-
cerning the conditions of their release from civil duties.
Five days after the declaration of war the government
found itself confronted with a problem in this connec-
tion. It was felt that no unnecessary check should be
placed upon civil servants who wanted to go to the
front, yet it was seen that provision must be made for
the maintenance of efficient staffs in all departments.
Accordingly an Order-in-Council was passed requiring
men to obtain leave from the heads of their depart-
ments before enlisting, and guaranteeing the positions
and salaries of those who went to the front under
regular permission.

The generosity of the government in guaranteeing
continuation of salaries at that time was merely in
conformity with the policy then being followed by
many large private employers. Perhaps no one in
Canada then anticipated the length to which the war
has even now continued, nor the great number of men
that are now required.

After a little more than a year had elapsed, the
government decided that it could no longer continue
the practice of paying civil salaries in full to civil
servants in the Expeditionary Force, and a new Order-
in-Council was passed providing that, in the case of
future enlistments, the amount received })y a civil
servant as military pay should be deducted from the
amount of his civil pay. Other new regulations further
restricted leave of absence and the status of those
entitled to receive any civil pay during military service.

A PAINFUL EPISODE

Early in 191G efforts were made to recruit a com-
pany from the Inside Service in Ottawa for a Ijattalion
of infantry then mobilizing. The proposition did not
meet with the enthusiasm that had been anticipated
and, while scores of civil servants enrolled in other
branches and units of the Overseas forces, only enough
to form a platoon joined the battalion in question.
Efforts of persons outside of the Civil Service to increase
this number were directed with much zeal but with a
total lack of comprehension of the Civil Service situa-
tion. Little account was taken of the great number of
over-age and physically unfit men in the Service or of
the number whose responsibilities were such that their
departments would not release them for military duty.
Ill-success led to irritation, misunderstanding to mis-
representation and exhortation to threats and abuse, —
the net result being that the indifference of the Civil
Service towards a certain battalion quickly developed
into active antipathy.

The abuse of the Ottawa service was carried to
pubHc platforms and into the columns of the news-
papers,— chiefly by persons wholly ignorant of the
facts and consequently given to wild exaggerations.
Such a crisis was reached that the Civil Service Associa-
tion of Ottawa was forced to take action.

A plain statement of fact regarding the whole
matter, supplemented by indisputable statistics from
The Civilian's carefully kept records, gave the public
an entirely new view of the case and effectually silenced
those writers and speakers who had long indulged in
misrepresentation of the Service. Whereas it had
boon publicly declared that only about two-score civil
servants had enlisted up to that time (early June,

134

Two Years of War

1916), the records showed that five hundred and forty-
four men of the Ottawa service were then in uniform.
In the ensuing five months this number has been in-
creased by more than a hundred and fifty new recruits.
Civil Service recruiting is dealt with at length else-
where in this volume. The above incident is related
here merely as an illustration of the injustices that
are frequently done the Civil Service by a misin-
formed and misunderstanding public.

tional. That it has been successful along this line is
the unanimous opinion of students of civil service
affairs in Canada. No other publication in the Dom-

The Civilian

AS it is expected that this work will fall into the
hands of many persons outside the Civil
Service, it may not be amiss to add a few-
words of explanation regarding The Civilian.

The Civilian is a fortnightly journal, devoted to
the interests of the Civil Service of Canada. It was
established in 1903 by a committee of Ottawa civil
servants who realized the great need of a publication
that would serve as a medium of communication
between all classes and branches of the Service and
also act as the mouthpiece of the whole body.

From its first issue The Civilian has been the
advocate of civil service reform and of the establish-
ment of a complete merit system of appointment and
promotion in all branches and divisions of the Canadian
Civil Service. As its circulation is, to a large extent,
within the Civil Service, its work is principally cduca-

CAPT. FRANK GRIERSON,

Commanding 74th Battery, C.F.A.

(Finance, Ottawa; Chaikman "Civilian" Committee)

C. A. HALLADAY

(Manageb, "The Civilian")

iniou covers this peculiar field or devotes its energies
to the same cause.

The Civilian has been a powerful factor in the
development of civil service organizations and in
l)ringing about that unity of purpose and concentra-
tion of action among such organizations that alone
can make their work successful. Its large and growing
circulation (half in Ottawa and the other half distri-
buted to all the cities and towns of the Dominion)
makes it an ideal medium for the dissemination of the
views of leaders in civil service reform and for making
known the decisions of various conventions and similar
gatherings.

The Civilian is edited and published by a com-
mittee of Civil Servants. This committee is elected
each year at the annual convention of the Civil Service
Federation of Canada. The committee prepares an
annual report of its work which is presented to the
delegates at each convention. . These reports arc dis-
cussed and invariably the "Civilian Committee" has
been honoured with emphatic resolutions of congratu-
lation and endorsation of its policy and work. The
Civilian is in full accord with the broad principles
adopted by the Civil Service Federation and its con-
stituent bodies, but, not withstanding the above
stated relationship, the committee exercises complete
independence in its editorial policy and has never

As Viewed From Ottawa

135

hesitated to criticize the Fcderatiun or its component
members for act of omission or commission. This
editorial independence is regarded as adding import-
ance to The C'ivilian's place in Canadian Civil Ser-
vice affairs.

From the beginning of the war, The C'ivilian
has devoted itself to patriotic work, giving war matter
precedence over all other subjects discussed in its
pages. It has comj^iled the only records of enlistments,
casualties and honours won by members of the whole
Civil Service of Canada. These records have not only
been the cauee of much pride in tlio war services of the
civil servants, but they have alsd lic-cn the means of
refuting grave slanders directed at 1 he service, touch-
ing its participation in the war. The Civilian has
given freely of its space and editorial assistance to the
Patriotic Fund and all similar undertakings and is
always at the service of enterprises and organizations
of patriotic character within the Civil Service.

The latest annual report of the Executive Com-
mittee of the Civil Service Association of Ottawa says,
"The Executive gratefully acknowledges the
"debt civil servants owe to The Civilian for
"its "Honour Roll" of civil servants enlisted and
"for its general information regarding the casual-
"ties amongst and honours awarded to civil
"servants now on active service. It has been a
"patriotic work of the highest order and deserves
"the fullest appreciation of the Service. The
"Executive would request all branches of the
"Service to co-operate with The Civilian in
"order that the record, admittedly incomplete,
"maj' be kept up-to-date, thus assisting in the
"compilation and preservation of a record that
"will stand for all time as an honourable mile-
"stone in Civil Service history."
Several years ago The Civilian published a special
issue descriptive of the work of the Civil Service of
Canada. No comprehensive description of how the
lousiness of the Dominion is carried on had ever been
attempted before and the liook met with the unquali-
fied approval of those having the liest knowledge of its
subject. The present volume. The Civilian's second
special issue, is designed to describe to the public the

war work of the chief civil branches of the Government
service as well as the special services rendered by civil

ERNEST GREEN
(Associate Editor, "The Civilian")

servants as individuals and through their various
organizations during the first two years of the xoar.

The "Civihan Committee" takes this oppor-
tunity of expressing its appreciation of those whose
material co-operation has rendered possible the publica-
tion of this Special Edition.

136

Two Years of War

The Letter in the Trenches

By Jack Caden

{"Jack" Cadden is the Kipling of the Railway Mail Service,- — o service that has been distinguished during the past
two years for the number of men it has se7it to the front. The Civilian discovered Cadden's ability to put into gripping
verse the romance of the "R. P. O." and its publication of his poems has made him a favourite with thousaiuls of readers.
"The Letter in the Trenches" should inspire the uriting of many an additional letter by Canadians at home to the boys
"somewhere in France".)

I'd taken my turn in the trenches,

I'd Uved for a space in Hell;

And back from the horrors of No-Man's-Land

I'd managed, — somehow, — to crawl.

There was blood on my tattered tunic,

A crimson and crusted stain;

And a mist was on my tired eyes.

And on my weary brain.

I wanted to sleep, for I dreaded

To think of the things I'd seen.

I wanted to sink beyond all thought,

And the reach of even a dream.

For what is the use of thinking,

When it leaves you haggard and worn?

Or a dream that hounds you through the night

To stark and stricken morn?

But, just as my eyes were closing,
And the world seemed slipping away.
They brought me a battered letter
That had just reached camp that day;
And something awoke within me
That routed all thought of sleep,
And a spasm shook me tliro' and tliro'
With a joy that was vast and deep.

Have you ever been lost in the desert.
With a throat like a furnace-breath,
And suddenly stumbled upon a spring
As you staggered along with Death?
That's just how it seemed to strike me.
As, held in a shaking hand,
I read the letter that came to me
From a sane and sturdy land.

It took me away from the horror,

From the pitiful ruin and pain.

It bore me back to the Golden West

And the sweep of the starry plain;

It carried mo back to the Service,

And the lads I knew so well.

And it made me think of the olden days.

When I followed the Railway Mail.

For I am a son of the Service,
There's lots of my breed out here;
We swung our course across the world
To the Song of the Volunteer.
You'll find us there in the trenches,
You'll meet us crippled and maimed;
And many a .son the Service gave
Will never return again.

But I thought, as I read my letter.

Of the saner, hapjjier days;

With the swing of a car beneath our feet.

As we travelled the Iron ways.

And somehow the world seemed brighter.

And cheated of half its care.

As I thought of the grand old Maple Land

And the things worth fighting for.

Well, maybe you'll think it childish.

But maybe there'll come a day

When you'll sit alone in a bloody trench.

With a face that is ashen grey;

When your heart will be sick with horror,

In the midst of a lone, red land;

You'll think, my friend, of a lot of things.

And you'll know, — and understand.

The Swan Song

By "The Poet Low-Rate"

{The uniquely-gifted writer who has persisted in shielding his identity binder the nom-de-'plume of "The Poet Low-
Rate" was a discovery of The Civilian and his productions have appeared almost exclusively in this publication, but have
been copied far and wide. Though detesting war and its horrors, he heard the call of duty, and while on his way overseas to
join the Royal Naval Air Service penned the following farewell to The Civilian readers who had long enjoyed his varied
and numerous contributions to its pages.)

I'm bidding adieu.

To the friends, staunch and true.

Who have honoured, by reading this page.

The fellow whose pen

Has p'raps sprayed, now and then.

Its whiteness with thoughts sad or sage.

For those who've been fair

A well-wishing prayer

Comes stealing from depths of my throat,

Whilst I freely forgive

Those others who live — ■

The fellows who've cursed all I wrote.

I've taken to wings

On a thing made of strings

Propelled by a motor through air.

I've started abroad.

And I trust to the Lord

I'm permitted to do my wee share.

They'll mount me a gun

To go seeking the Hun,

Who has made of fair Europe a hell ;

And whatever you say

Of the thoughts I've let stray,

I know you're all wishing me well.

I'm going to fly

Through the limitless sky

With a thing that is feeble and frail;

Where the chances of death

Come as fast as one's breath.

But I swear that I never shall quail.

I've a duty to do.

And in parting from j'ou.

Here to stay till the struggle is won,

I'll remember the name

That has gone down to fame, —

"The Dominion" of which I'm a son.

I may not come back,

With my pen to attack

Many things that it pleased me to do;

But wherever I be

Fighting hard o'er the sea

I shall often be thinking of you. ,

So again now, — Good-bye!

Ere I rush through the sky

On a trip that, mayhap, is my last.

And I hope that you all

Place a casket and pall

O'er the bones of my lit'rary past.

As Viewed From Ottawa

137

SIR WILLIAM MACKENZIE

Toronto

President, Canadian Northern Railway

SIR DONALD D. MANN

Toronto

Vice-President, Canadian Northern Railwat

138

The Civilian

SENATOR WILLIAM CAMERON EDWARDS
Ottawa

ANDREW ALEXANDER ALLAN

The Allan Line Steamship Company, Limited
Montreal

As Viewed From Ottawa

139

MICHAEL J. O'BRIEN

Renfrew, Ontario

Contractor and Capitalist

THOMAS ROBERTSON

Toronto

Prksident, Robertson Bros., Limited

140 The Civilian

Reid Newfoundland Company

Proprietors of the Dry Dock, St. John's, Newfoundland

One of the best equipped Dry Docks in America. Steamships docked and repaired at the lowest
rates. Well equipped and thoroughly fitted with all modern appliances for temporary or permanent
repairs. Length of Dock, 610 feet. Depth of Water, 25 feet.

Proprietors and Operators of the St. John's Electric Street Railway

All the Electric power supplied in St. John's is generated on this system. City Lighting and
Power for Factories, etc., supplied at moderate rates. Those requiring Electric Power for any
purpose should consult the undersigned.

Owners of Thirteen Clyde-Built Steamships

Royal Mail Steamers operating on Bays and Coasts of Newfoundland and Labrador.

Lessees aiid Operators of the Newfoundland Railway, 831 miles. Owners of 2,500,000 acres of
Mineral and Timber Lands.

The Newfoundland Express Company, carrying on Express Business with all Express Companies
of the world, and Money Orders issued to all parts.

The Railway and Steamship Systems Give the Best

connection between Newfoundland and Canada and the United States, and the best freight line
between Canada and Newfoundland. S.S. "KYLE" and " SAGONA" connect at North Sydney
with the Intercolonial Railway daily, except Sunday, leaving North Sydney on the arrival of the
I. C. R. Express Trains on these evenings.

Newfoundland offers to the Tourists, Sportsmen and Health-Seeker the grandest scenery in the
Western Hemisphere. A most beautiful climate in the summer months; cool, even and invigorating.
No hay fever.

Finest Caribou Hunting Grounds in the World

Best Salmon and Trout Streams that have yet been discovered. The Railway is equipped
with Dining and Sleeping Cars, and everything to please the taste and add to the comfort of the
Tourist is provided.

All information in regard to Newfoundland and Labrador will be given on application to the

REID NEWFOUNDLAND COMPANY

ST. JOHN'S, NEWFOUNDLAND

As Viewed From Ottawa

141

A Quartette of Real
Canadian Beauties

£€

Highly Efficient Electric
Heating Appliances

" Canadian Beauty "
Electric Toaster

This highly pohshed nickel toaster is
strongly made, holds two slices at once and
allows a coffee pot to be placed on top for
warming purposes. Heat does not reach
the base. Fully guaranteed.

" Canadian Beauty "
Electric Iron

A most unique and practical design,
built for service. Element distributes heat
over entire ironing surface — greatest heat
from maximum energy consumed. Element
fully guaranteed — a fast selling line.

''Canadian Beauty"
Electric Radiator

An inexpensively operated electric heater
for cool, spring, fall or summer evening.
It is finished in nickel and burnished copper.
Has great efficiency.

** Canadian Beauty
Disc Stove

This neat, beautifully finished little stove
is especially designed for use with Coffee
Percolator, Small Kettle, Frying Pan, etc.
Handy for sick room or for preparing a late
supper. Small cost to operate.

'Canadian Beauty" Electric Heating Appliances

Write for Catalogue and price* of Electric Appliances

Renfrew Electric Manufacturing Company, Limited

Renfrew

Ontario

142

The Civilian

ESTABLISHED 1854

The Allan Line Steamship

Company, Limited

SERVICES

SUMMER WINTER

Montreal — Liverpool St. John, N.B. — Liverpool

Montreal— Glasgow St. John, N.B. London

Montreal— London St. John, N.B. -Glasgow

Boston— Glasgow Boston— Glasgow

For particulars of passage, freight, etc., apply to

Principal Offices in Canada and United States

Montreal, Que.
Montreal, Que.
Montreal, Que.
St. John, N.B.
St. John, N.B.
Halifax, N.S.
Toronto, Ont.
Winnipeg, Man.
Vancouver, B.C. -
Boston, Mass.
Chicago, 111. -
Minneapolis, Minn.

£ St. Peter Street

4 Youville Street

675 St. Catherine St. W.

Royal Bank Building -

Dominion Express Bldg.

Water Street

95 King Street West -

364 Main Street

320 Homer Street

90 State Street -

127 North Dearborn St.

124 South Third Street

Great Britain

H. & A. Allan
H. & A. Allan
The Allan Line
Wm. Thomson & Co.
W. H. (\ Mackay
Furness, Withy & Co.
The Allan Line
W. R. Allan
The Allan Line
H. & A. Allan
Allan & Company
H. A. Watson

Liverpool -
Glasgow
London
London

19 James Street
25 Bothwell St.
103 Leadenhall St.

E.C.

14 Cockspur St., S.W.

Allan Bros. & Co., U.K., Ltd.
Allan Bros. & Co., U.K., Ltd.
Allan Bros. & Co., U.K., Ltd.
Allan Bros. & Co., U.K., Ltd.

As Viewed From Ottawa

'Banff Springs
fiofef

Sulpf\ur
S'^immin^ Toot
a/- Banff

Canadian Pacific Rockies

Banff

in the heart of the grandest group of mountain
ranges, glaciers, lakes, roads and pony trails,
water - falls and forest reservations on the
continent.

I Banff Springs Hotel

unsurpassed for luxury and comfort, is head-
quarters for

Mountain Climbing Riding Coaching

Dancing Golfing Fishing or Swimming

in Warm Sulphur Pools

For information and tickets write to any C.P.Il

Lake Louise

Loveliest lake on earth with constantly changing
color, mountain air with cool night, perfect
setting of verdant slopes and living glaciers.
And dominating all is

Chateau Lake Louise

Comfortable as your own home, luxurious as a
Palace. Easy trails lead from the Chateau to the

Lakes in the Clouds] ^Vi:toria Glacier

The Valley of the Ten Peaks

and other beautiful places in the neighborhood.
Agent, orC. E. E. USHER, Passenger Traffic Agent

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY

Windsor Station, Montreal

^(^.-., \L^'-- " '

The Civilian

4-00

Superheater 2-10-0 Type — Russian Government Railways

Total weight of engine, 1 96,000 pounds. Weight on
drivers, 175,000 pounds. Diameter of drivers, 52 inches.
Boiler pressure, 180 pounds. Cylinders, 25 x 28 inches.
Water heating surface, 2588 square feet. Superheating
Surface, 541 square feet. Maximum tractive power,
51,500 pounds.

400 locomotives recently built for the Russian Government
Railways were all equipped with our fire tube superheaters,
manufactured exclusively in the United States and Canada.

Locomotive Superheater Company

30 Church Street, New York

People's Gas Building, Chicago

As Viewed From Ottawa

CUNARD LINE

TO AND FROM LONDON

CANADIAN
SER VICE

T.S.S.

ANDANIA
ALAUNIA

1
1

^^^^^^^^B

T.S.S.

ASCANIA
AUSONIA

THE ROBERT REFORD CO. Limited, General Agents

MONTREAL QUEBEC ST. JOHN, N.B. TORONTO PORTLAND, ME. HALIFAX, N.S.

THE CUNARD STEAMSHIP CO. Limited - New York, Boston, Chicago, Minneapolis, Winnipeg, Piiiladelphia

DONALDSON LINE

GLASGOW
SER VICE

T.S.S.

LETITIA

SATURNIA

T.S.S.

ATHENIA

CASSANDRA

MONTREAL

THE ROBERT REFORD CO. Limited

QUEBEC ST. JOHN, N.B. TORONTO PORTLAND, ME.

HALIFAX, N.S

DONALDSON BROS. Limited, Managing Agents

GLASGOW

The Civilian

White Star-Dominion Line
White Star Line

FLEET
Canadian Services

" Regina "

(Building)

"Laurentic"
"Megantic"
"Northland"
"Southland"
" Canada "

FLEET

United States
Services

"Britannic"

{Building)

"Olympic"

"Adriatic"

"Baltic"

"Cedric"

"Celtic"

"Canopic"

"Cretic"

" OLYMPIC"— Largest British Steamer
SERVICES FROM

Canadian Ports to Great Britain

United States Ports to Great Britain and the Continent

United States Ports to Italy and Egypt
via the Azores and Madeira

Great Britain to Australia and New Zealand

Head Office in Canada

Cor. McGill and Notre Dame Streets {McGill Building)

MONTREAL, P.Q.

As Viewed From Ottawa

MANCHESTER LINERS, Limited

The Only Direct and Regular Line Between

CANADA and MANCHESTER

First-class Service of modern freight steamers under special contract
with the Dominion Government.

Summer Service from Montreal and Quebec

Winter Service from St. John, N.B., and Halifax, N.S.

The object of this line is to develop the Canadian Trade with Manchester,
which is the centre of about 7,500,000 people — one of the largest markets
in the world. Shippers throughout Canada are meeting with success even
beyond their expectations.

Furness Line from Fowey to
Three Rivers and Montreal
Furness Line Montreal to Hull

THROUGH BILL OF LADING GRANTED TO AND FROM ALL WESTERN POINTS

FURNESS, WITHY & CO., Limited

GENERAL AGENTS

MONTREAL

The Civilian

Befi'tfiam

Machine Tools

LOCOMOTIVE AND CAR SHOP EQUIPMENT

STRUCTURAL STEEL AND BRIDGE SHOP EQUIPMENT

GENERAL MACHINE SHOP EQUIPMENT

Lathes, Planers, Drills, Boring Mills Bending and Straightening Machinery
Steam Hammers, Punching and Shearing Machines

Photos and Quotations Mailed on Request

THE JOHN BERTRAM & SONS CO., Limited
DUNDAS - ONTARIO

MONTREAL
723 Drummond Building

VANCOUVER
602 Bank of Ottawa Building

WINNIPEG
1205 McArthur Building

SMALL TOOLS

TAPS DIES

REAMERS

MILLING CUTTERS

TWIST DRILLS

GEAR CUTTERS

Special Tools for Shell Manufacturing and for Regular Machine Shop Work

ASK FOR OUR NEW (No. CATALOGUE

PRATT & WHITNEY CO. of Canada, Limited
DUNDAS - ONTARIO

MONTREAL
723 Drummond Building

VANCOUVER
602 Bank of Ottawa Building

WINNIPEG
1205 McArthur Building

As Viewed From Ottawa vii

Phone ^ ^ Cable Address

615 ^ /^ C^TFPF ^>. "Elecsteel" Welland

btwds^r Quality
High-Grade Steel Castings

of Every Description, Clean, Sound and True to Pattern
for Bridge, Dock, and Harbour Construction

Machinery Steel Castings, Etc., Etc.

OUR SPECIALTIES — Made under the Supervision of an Expert from Sheffield, England

Manganese Steel

Crusher Jaws Granite Rolls

Cheek Plates Ball Mill Wearing Parts

Toggles Tube Mill Wearing Parts

Wearing Parts for Gyratory Crushers, Dredger
Pins and Bushes, Etc.

All Alloy Steel Castings, Mining Bar and Rock Drill Steel, Forging Ingots

Write for Prices and Particulars

THE ELECTRIC STEEL & METALS COMPANY, Limited

WELLAND - Ontario

VUl

The Civilian

COMPRISING

■ — Canadian Rubber Company of Montreal, Limited

— Dominion Rubber Company, Limited, St. Jerome, P.Q.

— Dominion Tire Company, Limited, Kitchener, Ont.

— Granby Rubber Company, Limited, Granby, P.Q.

— Maple Leaf Rubber Company, Limited, Port Dalhousie, Ont.

— Merchants Rubber Company, Limited, Kitchener, Ont.

28 "Service*' Branches and Warehouses Throughout Canada
Export Branches in London, England, and Glasgow, Scotland

The largest manufacturers of Rubber Goods in the British Empire, manufacturing
Rubber Goods for all purposes, including: —

RUBBER FOOTWEAR

"Jacques Cartier," "Merchants," "Maple
Leaf," "Granby," "Anchor," and "Do-
minion" brands. Fleet Foot Sporting
Shoes.

MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS

Belting, Hose, Packings, Rubber Rolls.

DRUGGISTS' SUNDRIES

Hot Water Bottles, Syringes, Atomizers,
Bathing Caps, Etc.

FIRE HOSE AND SUPPLIES

Fire Hose, Nozzles, Pipes, Coats, Helmets,
Etc.

MOULDED RUBBER GOODS

Plumbers' Supplies, Matting, Moulded
and Cut Goods.

RUBBER TEXTILE GOODS

"DOMINION" Raincoats, Rubber Coats,
Blankets, Sheeting, Carriage Cloths and
Covers, Auto Cloth, Proofed Silks and
Cottons.

RUBBER TIRES

"DOMINION" Auto Tires, Motor Truck
Tires, Carriage Tires, Motor-Cycle and
Bicycle Tires, Etc.

MADE IN CANADA BY CANADIANS FOR
THE PEOPLE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE

Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co. Limited

Executive Office - MONTREAL, P. Q.

As Viewed From Ottawa ix

Lake of the Woods Milling
Company, Limited

ESTABLISHED 1888

Millers of Manitoba Hard Wheat Flours

"Not Bleached— Not Blended"
Daily Capacity - 13,700 Barrels

OFFICERS

/ FRANK S. MEIGHEN, President and Managing Director

WM. W. HUTCHISON, Vice-President

DIRECTORS

HON. ROBERT. MACKAY JOHN CARSON GEO. V. HASTINGS ABNER KINGMAN

R. M. BALLANTYNE TANCREDE BIENVENU J. K. L. ROSS

F. E. BRAY, Secretary R. NEILSON, Assist. -Secrectary T. F. McNALLY, Treasurer

HEAD OFFICE

LAKE OF THE WOODS BUILDING

MONTREAL, QUE.

The Civilian

^'MADE IN CANADA '

THE WELL KNOWN

RAMAPO

SWITCH ^"S^'^ STANDS

Four Styles for Every Purpose

RAMAPO

Manganese Pointed
Split Switch

is in use on several Railway
lines. Tim switch in hard
service will outwear ordinary
rail switch more than five
times.

Write us about it and find who
its users are

RAMAPO MANGANESE POINTED SWITCH. Style No. 12

SCCnOHB-B' SECTION C ■ C 8ECT10S O • O* iECTIOH t • «

RAMAPO MANGANESE HARD CENTER FROG.— DESIGN No. 1.

RAMAPO

MANGANESE INSERT'
FROGS

have stood the test of
hard service for years.

Let us quote on your
requirements

CANADIAN RAMAPO IRON WORKS, Limited

NIAGARA FALLS

Canada

As Viewed From Ottawa

The James Robertson Co. Limited

MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG ST. JOHN

Lead Pipe
Lead Traps
Lead Sheet

Sheet Metals
Iron Pipe and
Fittings

ESTABLISHED 1857

If you are thinking of building ask your Plumber to show you our
Catalogue of Sanitary Fixtures and be convinced that we are

CANADA'S LARGEST
PLUMBING SUPPLY HOUSE

We also manufacture all grades of Babbitt Metal and Solder

and control the following Brands : —

CAMEL, MONARCH, SWASTIKA, KING, PYRAMID, THURBER

STANDARD SOLDERS

WIRE, BAR, ANGLE, RIBBON, CABLE, SWATISKA WIPING

The Civilian

On the

Remington

and Nowhere Else

Here are two facts about the
Remington which every type-
writer buyer should know :

1. The Remington Column Se-
lector adds 25 per cent, to the
letter writing speed of the typist.
This is not a claim or an esti-
mate. It is a definite fact —
proved and established by any
number of comparative tests.

2. The Column Selector is a
Remington feature exclusively.
No other machine has it — or
anything like it.

Adds 25 per cent, to the speed
Adds nothing to the price

Oh, yes, other machines have devices which look like it, with the five keys, etc. It is easy for a salesman, who
knows the supreme merit of this Remington feature, to call them **column selector'* keys. But there is no
other device on any other typewriter which can do what the Remington Column Selector does.

The Remington Column Selector is the only
feature on any typewriter which permits instan-
taneous setting of the carriage at any desired
point on the line.

It is the on/y feature which provides this
setting by either forward or backward move-
ment.

It is the on/y feature which provides true
**express service" with no stop-to-stop move-
ment in reaching any writing point.
And t^ese are the features which make the 25
per cent, speed gain.

Let us show you the real and only Column
Selector — on the Model 10 Remington.

REMINGTON TYPEWRITER COMPANY

(Limited)

144 BAY STREET. TORONTO. ONTARIO

As Viewed From Ottawa

Xlll

Tak

e a

KODAK

ith

you

CANADIAN KODAK CO., Limited

Catalog free at your dealer's,
or by mail.

Toronto

xiv

The Civilian

EVERY BUSINESS MAN

Should Have a Good FIRE-PROOF SAFE

How Would You Stand

if your home or place of business was destroyed by fire ? The loss of your Bonds,
Deeds, Policies, Accounts and other valuables would probably mean a loss many
times greater than the cost of a good safe.

G. & McC. Co. Safes
and Vaults are positively

FIRE-PROOF

They have stood the test of
preserving their contents in-
tact through all of Canada's
great fires of the last forty
years, and they are —

MADE IN CANADA

You can get a G. & McC. Co. Safe or Vault Door to meet your own particular requirements

CANADA'S FIRE LOSSES ARE INCREASING YEARLY

IT IS BETTER TO BE SAFE THAN SORRY

Ask for our Catalogue and juriher injormation

THE GOLDIE & McCULLOCH CO., LIMITED

Power Equipment, Safes, Vaults and Vault Doors
Head Office and Works: GALT, ONTARIO, CANADA

Toronto Office:
Suite 1101-2
Traders Bank BId*g.

Western Branch:

248 McDermott Ave.

Winnipeg, Man.

Quebec Agents:
Ross & Greig

412 St. James St.

Montreal, Que.

British Columbia Agents:

Robt. Haniilton & Co.

Vancouver, B.C.

As Viewed From Ottawa xv

METAL DRAWING
COMPANY

LIMITED

ST. CATHARINES

ONTARIO

xvi The Civilian

IRON OR STEEL FORCINGS

EVERY DESCRIPTION

Canada FoFge Company, limited

WELLAND, - ONTARIO

As Viewed From Ottawa xvii

Gutta Percha & Rubber, Limited

Head Offices: 47 Yonge Street, Toronto, Canada

BRANCHES— Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Fort WilUam, Winnipeg, Regina,
Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver.

MANUFACTURERS OF

High Grade Rubber Goods

Belting, Packings, Hose for all purposes, Tiling, Mats and Matting,

Springs, Tubing, Valves, Etc.

Automobile, Carriage and Truck Tires " Maltese Cross" Rubber Heels

"Maltese Cross" and "Lion" Rubber Footwear

The Welland Vale Mfg. Co., Limited

ST. CATHARINES - Canada

MANUFACTURERS OF

Hand Agricultural Forks, Axes and Saws

xvin

The Civilian

'A Great Canadian Industry'

Operating Twelve Mills

Employing Ten Thousand People

Producing Practically Everything in Cotton

Dominion Textile Co.

Montreal

LIMITED

Toronto

nnipeg

'GUARANTEED *

TEXTILE CO.

\=\ COTTON FABRICS /^y

ST. HENRY, Que.
HOCHELAGA, Que.
HALIFAX, N.S. -

MONTMORENCY FALLS, Que.

- MAGOG, Que. - KINGSTON, Ont.

WINDSOR, N.S. - MONCTON, N.B.

Manufacturers of

All lines of White and Grey Cottons, Prints, Sheetings, Shirtings, Pillow
Cottons, Longcloths, Cambrics, Ducks, Bags, Twills, Drills, Quilts, Bureau
Covers, Towels and Towelling, Yarns, Blankets, Rugs, Twines and numerous
other lines used by manufacturers in Rubber and other trades.

^min}^^

'GUARANTEED '

TEXTILE CO.

\5\ COTTON FABRICS J

Dominion Coal Company

Limited

''DOMINION'' and " SPRINGHILU'
Steam and Gas Coals

Collieries in Cape Breton and Cumberland Counties, Nova Scotia

General Sales Office

112 St. James Street

MONTREAL

As Viewed From Ottawa

XIX

THE iAIlNISTER OF FINANCE SAYS

"PRODUCE! PRODUCE!! PRODUCE!!!

IF WE ARE TO DO OUR SHARE IN THIS WAR"

Production can be increased chiefly by pur-
chasing goods made in Canada.

Every time you buy a Canadian-made car-
pet you provide work and wages for the families
of Canadian Spinners, Dyers, Weavers and
Finishers, and you help to increase Production.

The goods stand the test of service, too.

For many years our carpets have been in
constant use in railway coaches, hotels, steam-
boats, clubs, theatres, churches and public
buildings throughout Canada, where Service is
the only key to favor.

And daily we are fulfilling similar contracts,
among the recent orders being —

Government House, Toronto.
Windsor Hotel, Montreal.
Royal Alexandra, Winnipeg.
Chateau Frontenac, Quebec.
Manoir Richelieu, Murray Bay, Quebec.
S. S. " Toronto."
S. S. "Kingston."

Victoria Presbyterian Church, Toronto.
Railway Cars for C.N.R., C.P.R.,
G.T.R., I.C.R.

The Toronto Carpet Mfg. Company, Limited

TORONTO - CANADA

"BEATTY"

Holstinor Eno;ines

Clamshell Buckets

Derricks and Irons

Dredges, Etc.

QUALITY AND SERVICE IS OUR AIM
CUSTOMERS SAY WE HIT THE MARK

Hoisting Engine
With Boom Swinger

Standard 5 Yard Dipiier Dredge

Let us have your next inquiry, we can please you also

M. BEATTY & SONS, Limited

WELLAND - Ontario

— AGENTS —
E. Leonard & Soni, St. John, N.B. Kelljr-Powell Ltd.. McArthur BIdg., Winnipeg

H. E. Plint, 1790 St. Jamei St., Montreal R. Hamilton & Co., Vancouver, B.C.

XX The Civilian

E. D. S. BRAND PURE FOOD PRODUCTS

At the Front in War and Peace. The High Standard of Quality we have set
E. D. S. BRAND has made this possible and brings us unsolicited the follow-
ing testimonial from — "somewhere in Egypt" —

On the Desert. Depot Unit of Supply 377,

British Mediterranean

Expeditionary Force,
Messrs. E. D. Smith & Son March 13, 1916.

Gentlemen :

We the undersigned beg to offer our appreciation in the shape of a testimonial to the
delicious flavor and quality of your Black Currant Jam.

Being in charge of an issuing depot we have the opportunity of testing many producers
Jams but find that your delicious Black Currant surpasses them all and helps many a broken
appetite on hot days.

We are glad, sirs, to realize you send your best to the British Tommies.

Very gratefully yours.

Signed— B. A. Roberts, Staff Sgt. Major, L. D. Price, Sgt., J. H. Pin-
dar, Sgt., E. Simmons, Sgt., Corp. James, Corp. G. Lawrence,
Pte. F. Evans, Pte. George Evans, Pte. W. O. Brown, Corp.
Edward Simmers, Private F. C. Davis, Dr. F. G. Newland,
Pte. A. E. Francis, Pte. E. Warburton, Pte. Griff Evans.

E. D. SMITH & SON, ''■'T^'i:J::^^Z"'yZZ-:^:'^''ff'noni,Ont

HIGH-GRADE

MEN'S WELT SHOES

MANUFACTURED BY

The Aylmer Shoe Co., Limited

Aylmer - Ont.

ASK FOR THE AYLMER SHOE

Golf and Outing Shoes, A Specialty

As Viewed From Ottawa

Sager Axes and Soo Line Tools

Not the Cheapest
But the Best

AXES

CANT HOOKS
PEA VIES

PIKE POEES, Etc.

CHAIN HOOKS
COLD SHUTS
SHACKLES
SWIVELS, Etc.

Made by-
Canadian- WarrcH Axe & Tool Co., Ltd.

St. Catharines, Ont.

Traction and Portable Engines

All Sizes, 10 to 50 H.P.

Our Traction Engines are built with Special
Steel Frame to which all working parts are
attached. No brackets are attached to the boilers.
Write for further particulars.

Threshers all sizes

18 to 36 inch Cylinders.
36 to 60 inch Rears.

Sawmill Machinery

Portable and Stationary Sawmill

Machinery. Capacity from .3000 to

30,000 feet per day. Catalogue on
application.

THE ROBERT BELL ENGINE & THRESHER CO., Limited

SEAFORTH, - Ontario, Canada

xxii The Civilian

Transatlantic iHARcOlJfi) Wireless

DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH GREAT BRITAIN

Send your Urgent, Code and Plain Messages at 16c. per word

"VIA MARCONI" and save 9c. per word

The Most Economical and Popular Services: —

Deferred (Plain Language) Messages, _ _ _ 8c. per word

Night Letters — London and Liverpool, 60c. Other Points, 79c., for 12 words
Week-end Letters— " " $1.00. " " $1.31., for 24 words

Mark your messages "Via Marconi" and phone nearest G.N.W. office for messenger. For information re censor regulations,
tariffs, telegram blanks, etc., write

The Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of Canada^ Limited

137 McGill Street, - MONTREAL

THE

Western Shoe Co. Limited

Makers of HIGH GRADE SHOES
for the WORKINGMAN
and his FAMILY

Kitchener C

anada

As Vip:wed From Ottawa xxiii

The IDEAL Line of Bedsteads and
Bedding is Deservedly Famous

^ Ideal Brass Beds are unequalled for simplicity, yet attractiveness of design,
lustrous and enduring finish and length of service. They ornament any home.

^ Ideal Bed Springs have always led all competition for genuine and enduring
comfort. Our Twin Wire Twisted I^ink Springs are now used t/ie woi'Id over,
by the Canadian forces in barracks, ambulances and hospitals.

^ Ideal Couches, Cribs and Mattresses are very popular. See that the Ideal
Trade Mark is on the beds or bedding you buy.

IMITED

<^MDEAL BEDDING CS.

2-24 Jefferson Ave., Toronto. Makers of truly "Ideal" Beds and Bedding

E. G. HACHBORN & CO,

50-54 YORK STREET
TORONTO - CANADA

Makers of Fine Tailored Clothes

For Men and Young Men

MiHtary Uniforms and Accessories

^jCe-^olt;

TAILORED CLOTHES

Sold by Reputable Merchants from Coast to Coast

xxiv The Civilian

WILSON'S

TYPEWRITER CARBON
PENCIL CARBON
TYPEWRITER RIBBONS
WAX STENCILS
DUPLICATOR INKS

INSURE SATISFACTION

MANUFACTURED BY

WILSON CARBON PAPER COMPANY, Limited

MONTREAL, - Canada

ROLPH AND CLARK

LIMITED
HEAD OFFICE & WORKS CARLAW AVE.

TORONTO

THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE
LITHOGRAPHIC PLANT IN CANADA

MAPS— CHEQUES— BONDS— CERTIFICATES
POSTERS— CALENDARS— CUT-OUTS— LABELS
EVERYTHING THAT IS LITHOGRAPHED

As Viewed Fkom Ottawa

XXV

Made in Canada Telephones

For Any Service

We manufacture Telephones for any service — the office,
the factory, the town or the city.

Write us and tell us what your telephone wants are
and we will gladly send literature and full information.

We make and supply everything in the telephone line.

Canadian Independent Telephone Co., Limited

263 Adelaide Street West, Toronto

LEADING SAFETY FIRST DEVICES

Pyrene is the most
Efficient Fire Extin-
guisher known.

Does not freeze. Does
not deteriorate. Pyrene
will extinguish any and
all kinds of fires.

Chemical Fire
Extinguishers

are standard the world
over.

Davy Automatic
Fire Escapes

are in use in thirty-one
countries. They are in-
stalled in Rideau Hall,
and the Parliament
Buildings at Ottawa,
and at Toronto, and in
many public and private
buildings and institu-
tions throughout Canada

A few dollars invested in these Safety First Devices will protect life and property against fire

"It is bitter to be safe than sorry"

ONTARIO MAY-OATWAY FIRE ALARMS, Limited

26-28 West Adelaide Street - TORONTO, Ontario

XXVI

The Civilian

CONSUMERS CORDAGE COMPANY, limited

Mills :

MONTREAL

1825

HALIFAX

MANILA, SISAL, ITALIAN, RUSSIAN, JUTE

LION

ROPE

LATHYARN
TARRED GOODS
BINDER TWINE

2
>

MARLINE

PACKINGS

SMALL TWINES

CLOTHES LINES

BRAND

JAMES BISSET & CO.
QUEBEC

MacGOWAN & CO.

VANCOUVER

BRANCHES AND AGENTS

ST. JOHN, N.B.
TORONTO

TEES & PERSSE, Limited

WINNIPEG REGINA

SASKATOON
CALGARY EDMONTON

The

G. W. McFarlane Engineering Co.

Ontario 1 aflS Canada

As Viewed From Ottawa

xxvii

When Buying Beds or Bedding
Look For Our Trade-Mark Thereon

This trade mark, illustrated below, is our guarantee, and your certainty,
of long years of satisfactory use and sleep comfort unequalled. Behind it is the largest
organization in Canada making Brass and Iron Bedsteads, Bed Springs, Steel Couches,
Mattresses (including the Famous Ostermoor), and Pillows. "Canada has no
pure bedding laws; we have."

Ask Your Dealer to Show You Guaranteed ALASKA Beds and Bedding

The Parkhill Manufacturing Co., Limited

SUCCESSORS TO

The Alaska Feather Down Company, Limited

Makers of Bedsteads and Bedding
400 St. Ambroise Street - MONTREAL

"ALASKA on an article, means high-grade every particle"

Canada*8 Two Leading Fire and Marine Insurance Companies

A World-Wide Business Transacted

WESTERN

Assurance Connpany

INCORPORATED A.D. 1851

FIRE, MARINE and EXPLOSION

Assets exceed
Capital (Authorized)
" (Subscribed)
(Paid Up)

$4,000,000
5,000,000
2,500,000
2,500,000

Losses paid to policy-holders since organization of
the Company in 1851 over $64,000,000

BRITISH AMERICA

Assurance Company

ESTABLISHED IN THE REIGN OF KING WILLIAM IV., AD. 1833

FIRE, MARINE and HAIL

Assets exceed
Capital (Authorized)
" (Subscribed)
(Paid Up)

$2,500,000
3,000,000
1,400,000
1,400,000

Losses paid to policy-holders since organization of
the Company in 1833 over $40,000,000

W. R. BROCK, President

W. B. MEIKLE, Vice-President and General Mgr.

JOHN AIRD

ROBERT BICKERDIKE, M.P.

ALFRED COOPER (London, Eng.)

H. C. COX

D. B. HANNA

BOARDS OF DIRECTORS

JOHN HOSKIN, K.C., LL.D.
Z. A. LASH, K.C., LL.D,
GEORGE A. MORROW
LT.-COL. FREDERIC NICHOLLS
BRIG.-GENL. SIR HENRY PELLATT, C.V.O.
E, R. WOOD

HEAD OFFICES: TORONTO, CANADA

LONDON OFFICES: 14 CORNHILL, E.C.

XXVIU

The Civilian

Pays for itself in 7 days

Heart Shape Mixers

Buiit of Steel, not iron. Famous for their
rapid and thorough mixing of Concrete

Your repair bill is your least worry with this
class of Mixer. Backed up by our strong
guarantee. Built to stand up
and do the work. Made in
Canada by a Canadian firm
with Canadian Capital.

Write for our latest Catalogue
on all different sizes and styles

Over 300

Used in

Toronto

alone

No. 0. Hand Mixer saves you many
dollars and hard labor on your small
jobs. Write for our special offer.

CONCRETE
MACHINERY

Singer Block Machine,
instantly adjustable,
making all sizes of per-
fect blocks. Noted for
its simplicity.

Manufactured by us, such as Crushers,
Crushing Rolls, Mixers, Hoists, Road
Pavers, Brick, Block and Tile Ma-
chines, Contractors' Machinery, etc.

You get the latest and best there is to be
got, and machines which are all strongly
guaranteed and made in Canada. Our
prices are right. Write for our special
offers on your requirements.

WETTLAUFER BROS.

LIMITED

Dept. E., 178 Spadina Ave., Toronto

Famous Heart Shape Mixer

Known all over the world

HOISTS

All Sizes and
Styles

All that's best in Farm Implements will be found in the

MASSEY-HARRIS LINE

Plows, Cultivators, Disc Harrows, 0>»% Harrows - - To Prepare the Soil
Hoe Drills, Shoe Drills, Disc Drills, Seeders - - - To Plant the Seed

Land Rollers and Packers To Pack the Soil

Manure Spreaders, Lime Sowers, Fertilizer Drills - To Distribute the Fertilizer
Binders, Reapers, Mowers, Corn Binders - - - - To Cut the Crop
Tedders, Rakes, Side Rakes, Hay Loaders - - - To Handle the Hay

Wagons and Sleighs To Haul the Crop

Feed Cutters, Pulpers, Ensilage Cutters, Grain Grinders - To Prepare Feed for Stock

Cream Separators To gel full value from Cows

Gasoline Engines To Furnish Power

Spray Outfits . . . - . ... To Spray your Fruit
Saw Outfits To Saw your Wood

MASSEY-HARRIS CO., Limited

Toronto
Montreal
Moncton
Winnipeg
Regina

Saskatoon

Swift Current

Yorkton

Calgary

Edmonton

As ViEWKD From Ottawa

XXIX

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
ALSO AIR BRAKES

Canadian Westinghouse Co., Limited

Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, Halifax
and Ahearn & Soper, Ottawa

{proper Clotbce

jfor (V^cn anb l^oung HDen

rVyO meet the need for High Class Custom
Tailoring we have a staff of designers,
cutters, and tailors, and carry a specially selected
stock of woollens and trimmings.

Your oidera through our Local Agent
will receive special vare

Copplei^, IRo^es 8i IRanball, Ximtteb

Ibamilton * ©ntario

XXX The Cvilian

Great Lakes Transportation
Company, Limited

JAMES PLAY FAIR, H. W. RICHARDSON,

Pretident and Gen. Mgr., Vice-President,

MIDLAND. KINGSTON.

D. J. BOURKE,

Traffic Manager,

WINDSOR.
STEAMERS IN SERVICE

BETWEEN

Cleveland, Windsor, Walkerville, Courtright and Sarnia

AND

Port Arthur, Fort William and Westfort

Package freight accepted for all points in Western Canada

Steamers provide Lake and Rail Service from all stations in Ontario,
on Michigan Central, Wabash and Pere Marquette Railways.

STEAMERS IN OPERATION

GLENFINNAN CALGARY AMERICA

GLENLYON TOILER BRAZIL

GLENSHEE E. L. FISHER GLENLIVET

GLENMAVIS MAJOR W. 5. MACK

GLENFOYLE A. E. STEWART

As Viewed From Ottawa

XXXI

NATIONAL PRODUCTS

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT

We build and equip complete in our own Plant,
All-Steel Sleeping Cars, Freight Cars, Passenger Cars,
Coal Cars, Oil Tank Cars, Flat Cars, Logging Cars,
Caboose, and special cars to order.

MOTOR TRUCKS

National Motor Trucks are made in five capacities,
1500, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 7500 lbs. Only the best
materials are used in the construction of National Trucks.
The designs are created along proven lines by the fore-
most Truck Engineers.

Catalogues and particulars upon request

National Steel Car Company, Limited

HAMILTON - CANADA

ANGUS SINCLAIR, C.E,

CONTRACTOR

OFFICE

Imperial Bank Building King and Sherbourne Streets

TORONTO

ONTARIO

xxxii The Civilian

QUALITY SERVICE

HAMILTON PIG IRON

IRON AND STEEL PRODUCTS

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION

THE STEEL COMPANY OF CANADA

HAMILTON TORONTO MONTREAL WINNIPEG

DALLEY PRODUCTS T IMITED

Importers and Grinders of Coffees and Spices.

Manufacturers of Flavoring Extracts, Baking
Powders and Grocers Sundries.

HEAD OFFICE. WAREHOUSE AND MILLS

HAMILTON, - - CANADA

As Viewed From Ottawa

xxxiu

BROWN BROS., limited

MANUFACTURING STATIONERS

Simcoe and Pearl Streets

TORONTO

Account Books

Loose Leaf Books and Specialties

Stationery and Office Supplies
Writing and Book Papers

Printers and Bookbinders Supplies
Office and Pocket Diaries

Fountain and Stylo Pens

= ESTABLISHED IN TORONTO SEVENTY YEARS —

LOOK FOR THE SHEEP

"CEETEE"

UNDERCLOTHING

LOOK FOR THE SHEEP

ALL PURE WOOL - GUARANTEED UNSHRINKABLE

ON EVERY GARMENT MEANS ECONOMY PLUS CO'MFQRT ON EVERY GARMENT

rS manufactured by a firm who established themselves in Canada over 56 years ago — a firm
who have succeeded in producing woollen underclothing (CEETEE) that is not surpassed Any-
where in the World — not even in the old country — so famous for the high quality of its woolen goods.

When the British Government came to Canada looking for army underwear,
ours was the only firm in Canada that had the necessary machines to produce
the garments according to the samples which they brought with them.

In all Sizes for Men, Women and Children
Worn by the Best People - _ - _ Sold by the Best Dealers

MADE IN CANADA FROM ALL BRITISH MATERIAL, BY

THE C. TURNBULL COMPANY OF GALT, Limited

GALT - Ontario

xxxiv The Civilian

Phone ir^^'^^T*^ Cable Address

615

Private Exchange

"Elecsteel" Welland

BRAND

Stands for Quality

Electric Steel Castings

High-Grade Steel Castings
Of Every Description, Alloy
Steel Castings, Mining Bar
and Rock Drill Steel Forging

Ingots

THE ELECTRIC STEEL & METALS CO., Limited

WELLAND, ONTARIO

As Viewed From Ottawa

THe Great War has taught us

that as necessary to victory as superior guns and ammunition, is the maintenance of the physical endurance and
morale of our soldiers; and that more than upon anything else, the maintenance of these depends upon a food supply
that is wholesome, well-cooked and promptly served. It has taught us, in short,

the manufacture, use and benefit of

Field Kitchen

Officially approved by the Governments of Great Britain and Canada, respectively.
In use with British troops in training in Canada, and on the battlefields of Europe,
and also with United States troops on the Mexican border.

This kitchen permits the variety in cooking to which our soldiers are accustomed — it roasts meats, as well as
boiling stews, cereals and vegetables, and sterilizing drinking water.

Its " thermos " principle containers keeps food at the desired temperature for many hours, and serve it hot and
invigorating even in the trenches.

Meals are prepared on the march, ready to be served to tired troops immediately on halting.

Our standard equipment carries and cooks ample for 250 men, making them an independent unit.

The Field Kitchen of which

soldiers w^rite —

"You will be pleased to hear that attached to our battalion are four
McClary Field Kitchens which, believe me, arc sure doing good work!"

our

Winnipeg Vancouver

Calgary Edmonton

Saskatoon

MXIaryS

LONDON

CANADA

Toronto Montreal

Hamilton

St. John, N.B.

XXXVl

The Civilian

CANADIAN TUBE & IRON CO., LIMITED

MANUFACTURERS OF

BOLTS and NUTS WROUGHT PIPE

Carriage Bolts,
Coach and
Lag Screws,
Tire Bolts,
Machine Bolts,
Sleigh Shoe
Bolts,

Plow Bolts,
Track Bolts,
Square Nuts,
Hexagon Nuts,
Boiler Rivets,
Tinners'
Rivets, Etc.

Black and Galvanized, sizes | in. to
4 in., is thoroughly inspected and
tested to 600 lbs. pressure, and every
length is branded with our trade-mark.

We also manufacture

NIPPLES and COUPLINGS

Black and Galvanized, in all sizes

WORKS: LACHINE CANAL

MONTREAL

^ IT

SELLING AGENTS

Colonial Wire Mfg.
Cov Limited

Works : LACHINE CANAL, Montreal

MANUFACTURERS OF

SMOOTH STEEL WIRES

Bright, annealed, oiled and annealed
Coppered and Coppered Spring

TINNED MATTRESS WIRE
BROOM WIRE

FINE WIRES

(Plain and Galvanized)

FENCE STAPLES
WIRE NAILS

WOOD SCREWS

PUMP RODS

Plain and Galvanized

FOR

Canadian Rolling Mills
Co., Limited

Works: LACHINE CANAL, Montreal

MANUFACTURERS OF

Bar Iron and
Steel

IN ROUNDS, FLATS
AND SQUARES

ALSO .

Twisted Steel Bars

FOR

Reinforcing

As Viewed From Ottawa

XXXVll

VV/E are prepared to produce upon a large scale,
^^ articles of metal and wood.

Our facilities are those necessary for the exten-
sive and economical manufacture of the heaviest
freight cars and the highest class of passenger cars.
These facilities include plants for the manufacture
of steel, malleable and grey iron castings — rolled
steel and iron products — frogs, switches and track
work for electric and steam railways — coil and
elliptic springs— forgings— cabinet and other wood
work— and all preparatory and finishing adjuncts.

The various plants are distributed from Amherst,
N.S., to Fort William, Ont.

Correspondence invited.

Please address Sales Department,

P.O. Box 180, Montreal

London Office, 1 1 Waterloo Place

Canadian Car & Foundry Company, Limited
Canadian Steel Foundries, Limited
Pratt & Letchworth Company, Limited
Rhodes, Curry Company, Limited

xxxviii The Civilian

The Randolph Macdonald Co.

Limited

Contractors for

Canal and Harbour Works

Head Office - Toronto, Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa

XXXIX

Port Arthur
Construction Company

LIMITED

PORT ARTHUR, ONT.

xl The Civilian

Confederation Construction

Co., Limited

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

Montreal, P.Q. Thorold, Ont.

As Viewed From Ottawa

xli

Canadian Stewart Company

Limited

CONTRACTORS

Office Buildings
Railway Buildings
Manufacturing Plants
Grain Elevators

Heavy Masonry

Reinforced Concrete

Dredging

Dock Work, Etc.

Eastern Townships Bank Building

MONTREAL, P.Q.

Dominion Bank Building

TORONTO, ONT.

xlii The Civilian

P. LYALL & SONS
CONSTRUCTION CO.

LIMITED

Transportation Building

MONTREAL

General Contractors

TORONTO OTTAWA WINNIPEG REGINA
MOOSE JAW CALGARY EDMONTON

As Viewed From Ottawa

xliii

Dominion Iron & Steel Company

Limited

MANUFACTURERS OF

"WABANA" Sand and Machine
Cast Pig Iron

Basic Open Hearth Blooms

Billets and Slabs

FROM OUR OWN ORE TO FINISHED PRODUCT

Rails Bars Rods

Nails and Staples

Plain and Barbed Fence Wires and
Commercial Wires for all uses

Works — Sydney, Nova Scotia

Head Office— 112 St. James Street, Montreal
Canadian Sales Offices and Warehouses

Sydney, Nova Scotia Montreal, Quebec Toronto, Ontario

Port Arthur, Ontario Fort William, Ontario

London Office— 90 Fenchurch Street, E.G. Paris Office— 55 Rue de Chateaudun

CANADIAN EXPLOSIVES LIMITED

Main Office, Montreal, Que., and Victoria, B.C.

MANUFACTURERS OF

ALL KINDS OF EXPLOSIVES FOR MINING, QUARRYING, AND CONTRACTORS' WORK

PERMITTED POWDERS FOR COAL MINES

STUMPING POWDER FOR CLEARING LAND

BLASTING AND ELECTRIC BLASTING CAPS

TIME AND DELAY ACTION FUSES FOR SINKING SHAFTS
THAWING CANS, BATTERIES, BLASTING MATS,

and all accessories necessary to the use of Explosives

SAFETY FUSE OF THE FOLLOWING BRANDS

C.X.L. SPECIAL, BEAVER, and MAPLE LEAF SLOW BURNING,

also BENNETT'S CROWN BRAND, and BICKFORD SMITH'S WHITE JACKET

xliv The Civilian

MODERN BUSINESS
DEMANDS

STEEL EQUIPMENT

Why Buy Wood Furniture ?

STEEL does not stick or warp — Wood does
STEEL saves space, therefore costs less
STEEL will not burn — Wood will
STEEL is modern — Wood old-fashioned

Therefore Buy Steel Equipment
CUTS OUT THE FIRE RISK SAVES SPACE REDUCES EXPENSE

The Steel Equipment Company, Limited

Union Bank Building - OTTAWA

Factory at Pembroke Ask for our Thirty-two Page Catalogue

** Universal Providers to the British Empire, Everything in Canvas ^^

A Reputation That Is World-Wide

From the snow-clad fields of Alaska and the Arctic Circle to the battle-scared plains
of Flanders, France, Russia and Mesopotamia, Smart-Woods Trade Mark is known.

Smart- Woods Tents

are Manufactured Right
From the Raw Material
to the Finished Article

under the careful supervision of experts at a considerable saving in cost together
with a personal knowledge that every yard of cloth is up to standard. There's
never any variation in the quality of the material used. The result is — "Every
Smart- Woods Tent is a Perfect Tent — -guaranteed and lasting."

We are Headquarters for Surveyor's, Railroader's, Contractor's and Military Supplies

OTTAWA ffMART Ifnnn^ Montreal

TORONTO VlVi-^^IV i WaEKJ^JI^U WINNIPEG

Write For Catalogue ^J LIMITED ^W CANADA Get Our Prices

As Viewed From Ottawa xlv

The Heney Carriage and Harness Co.

Limited
Makers of Quality

Carriages Harness

Horse Clothing

CROWN BRAND— Look for \the Crown

Works at - . MONTREAL, P. Que.

SCALES

Full Line of Counter and Platform Scales

Automatic Scales

All Large Scales now made Automatic by the use of the New Gumey Device

WRITE FOR PARTICULARS

Gurney Scale Company - Hamilton, Ont.

xlvi

The Civilian

ULSTER STEAMSHIP CO. LIMITED

G. HEYN & SONS, Managers, Belfast

HEAD LINE

The following First Class Steamers are intended to continue the regular service between the undermentioned ports
during the year 1916: —

Twin S.S. Rathlin Head
Twin S.S. Torr Head -
S.S. Fanad Head (building) -

Dunaff Head (building)

Howth Head

Ramore Head

From MONTREAL and QUEBEC in Summer and from ST. JOHN, N.B., in Winter
to BELFAST, DUBLIN and AVONMOUTH

A limited number of Cabin Passenger.s carried on above Steamers at moderate rates. Cargo booked through from
all points in Canada and U.S. to United Kingdom and Russia. For Freight and all other particulars apply to: — -

. TONS

6,754

S.S. Carrigan Head

REG. TONS

4,200

S.S

Garron Head

KEG. TONS

1,932

5,911

Glenarm Head

3,908

Black Head

1,897

5,600

Bray Head

3,150

Teelin Head

1,718

5,600

Inishowen Head -

3,050

Glen Head

1,600

5,000

Bengore Head

2,490

White Head

1,145

4,444

Dunmore Head -

2,293

Fair Head

1,089

G. HEYN & SONS, Belfast, Managers

Palgrave, Murphy & Co., Dublin

G. & Forwood Heyn, 7 Chapel Street, Liverpool

McLean, Kennedy & Co., Quebec

William Thomson & Co., Ltd., St. John, N.B.

Fred C. Thompson, Royal Bank Building, Toronto

J. D. Roth, Chicago

Ross & Heyn, New Orleans

J. Merrow & Co., Galveston

P. Bornholdt & Co., Reval and Petrograd

McLEAN KENNEDY, LIMITED, General Canadian Agents, MONTREAL

THE CANADIAN BRIDGE COMPANY, Limited

WALKERVILLE, ONTARIO

Manufacturers of STEEL BUILDINGS, ROOF TRUSSES, RAILWAY and HIGHWAY BRIDGES, LOCOMOTIVE
TURN TABLES, STRUCTURAL STEEL and IRON WORK of all kinds. Estimates furnished on application.

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVE SHOPS, NEAR CALGARY. ALBERTA

Steel Furnished by the WESTINGHOUSE, CHURCH, KERR & COMPANY

CANADIAN BRIDGE COMPANY, Limited Engineers and Contractors

As Viewed From Ottawa xlvii

Quality—The Great Business Builder

Think of any business success that has achieved permanency and you come face
to face with — quahty of product or service. The

Little Giant Motor Truck

business was founded on the desire to express a new motor truck quality and a new motor truck value.
And the Little Giant Motor Truck business has endured and grown to large proportions because of
faithful allegiance to quality.

Responsible merchants of this country are building on a quality foundation. The Little Giant
Motor Truck quality has helped many a merchant along the road to prestige and profits.

If you believe in quality, we have a message for you — one that you ought to have now — at
prosperity's approaching high tide. Made in 1 and 1| and 2 Tons.

Write and give us a description of your business and let us quote you on our LITTLE GIANT TRUCK

Canadian Pneumatic Tool Co., Limited

GEORGE J. SHEPPARD, Manager

Little Giant Truck Department - MONTREAL

INTERNATIONAL ARMS
& FUZE COMPANY, Inc.

200 FIFTH AVENUE

NEW YORK CITY, N.Y

xlviii

The Civilian

SECTIONAL FILING EQUIPMENT

BUILT TO ENDURE"

BEFORE the introduction of the Unit Idea as first applied to book-
cases and filing cabinets by The Globe- Wernicke Co., the purchase
of office equipment was largely a matter of guesswork.

The first estimate often exceeded the actual requirements of the
business at the start; or, the original purchase proving inadequate after
a short time, it was found that any exchange could only be affected at
considerable loss of money.

No continuity of system or uniformity of design was contemplated
or could be maintained under such arbitrary conditions.

The Globe-Wernicke Unit Idea is the key-note to-day of Standard-
ization in all office equipment; and, as an economical factor its success
has been so pronounced, that the old-style cabinet of non-expansive
construction has become almost obsolete.

Write for Folder No. 816A

STRATFORD, ONTARIO

BELL

OFFICE CHAIRS

Are Strongly Constructed
and Designed for Comfort

Write for Catalogue

Bell Furniture Company, Limited

Southampton, Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa xlix

The Standard of Comparison

for Paving and Road Materials

To claim that a paving or road-building material is as good as Trinidad or Bermudez asphalt is
considered the strongest endorsement that can be brought forward.

But the materials for which this claim is made are usually new and untried, and year after year
one " Just-as-good-as-lake-asphalt " follows another into oblivion.

Trinidad Bermudez Trinidad

Lake Asphalt Road Asphalt Liquid Asphalt

Meanwhile the use of the lake asphalts steadily increases, and their position as the standard
materials by which all others are judged is more firmly fixed (1) by the continued good service of
natural asphalt roads and pavements, some of which, though 30 years bid, are in service to-day; and
(2) by the duplication of unfortunate experience with artificial or manufactured asphalt.

The Barber Asphalt Paving Co., - Philadelphia, Pa.

INTERNATIONAL MAIL
EQUIPMENT COMPANY

200 FIFTH AVENUE

NEW YORK CITY, N.Y.

The Civilian

The Canada Cloak Company, Limited

63-71 West Wellington Street, Toronto

Manufacturers

Women's and Misses' Suits, Coats, and Skirts

Montreal Transportation Company

==^=== Limited ====^=

Grain and General Forwarders

Steam Tugs for Lake and River Service

Storage Elevator at Kingston

With Water and Rail Connections

BARTLETT McLENNAN, President L. L. HENDERSON, Managing Director, Montreal
E. A. TURNER, Agent CAPT. R. FRASER, Marine Supt., Kingston

As Viewed From Ottawa

CANADA TRUNK & BAG

LIMITED

Formerly jj^^ Berlin Trunk & Bag Company, Limited

KITCHENER, Canada „ ,

Manufacturers of

A FULL RANGE OF BAGGAGE

We Specialize in

Wardrobe Trunks and Solid
Leather Club Bags and Cases

Ask us for descriptive matter describing in
full the Everready Trunk shoion opposite

WM. BERMINGHAM

W. L. FORREST

WM. BERMINGHAM

CONTRACTOR

Construction Goderich Breakwater

GoDERiCH, Ontario

The Civilian

The Dominion Road

Factory and Head Office

Manufacturers of

ROCK CRUSHERS

ELEVATORS

SCREENS

BINS

SPREADING
WAGONS

DUMP WAGONS

CONTRACTORS'
PLOWS

Machinery Co., Limited

GODERICH, ONTARIO

Manufacturers of

ROAD GRADERS

LEVELLERS and

DRAGS

ROAD ROLLERS

SPRINKLERS

SWEEPERS and

CLEANERS

STREET CLEANERS'
HAND CARTS

"Champion" Rock Crusher

WRITE OUR NEAREST BRANCH

118 Hollis Street, Halifax, N.S. Cor. Sth Avenue and 3rd Street West, Calgary, Alta.

618 Power Building, Montreal, Que. 10237 109th Street, Edmonton, Alta.

89 Dalhousie Street, Quebec, Que. 609-613 Bank of Ottawa Buildinj, Vancouver, B.C.

413 Mclntyre Building, Winnipeg, Manitoba

MADE - IN - CANADA

KNITTED GARMENTS

Ask your Storekeeper for BALLANTYNE'S

Sweater Coats

Mitts - Gloves - Caps - Hosiery

Toques - Mufflers - Jerseys, Etc

All the above lines Manufactured at Stratford, Ontario,
under ideal working conditions by

M. BALLANTYNE, Limited

STRATFORD - Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa

liii

Long Distance Phone — Adelaide 3566

— THE —

PunchardBirrell Co.

Wholesale Manufacturers of

Men's and Boys'

CLOTHING

545-7-9 King St. W., TORONTO, Ont.

Your own material made up to measure

Our Custom Tailoring Department is always
at your disposal

WRITE FOR PRICE LIST

National Brass
Limited

London

Canada

'HARVEY

BRAND

High Grade Ladies' and Children's

Fine Underwear

also patent New Mode Style Combinations

Sweater Coats

For Men, Women, and Children
Newest Styles

Boys' Knitted
Jersey Suits

HARVEY KNITTING CO.

WOODSTOCK, ONTARIO

HAMILTON COTTON CO.

HAMILTON, ONTARIO
Manufacturers of

Hosiery and Warp Yarns

on Cop, Cone, Skein, Chain and Beam Grey,
Bleached and Colored

TWINES

COTTON ROPE, SASH CORD AND CLOTHES LINES
EUSTIC AND NON EUSTIC WEBBINGS

Selling Agent Selling Agents for Warps
Wm. B. Stewart & Sons Geo. Reid & Co.

64 Wellington St. W. 57 Front St. E.

Toronto Toronto

Manitoba, Saskatchewan
Scott, Bathgate & Co., 149 Notre Dame E., Winnipeg

Alberta — Shallcross, Macauley & Co., Calgary, Alta.

British Columbia
John Burns, 329 Railway St., Vancouver, B.C.

Lower Provinces — W. B. Murdock, Amherst, N.S.

liv

The Civilian

3iMJt^-3MtiA^3'{tin<fCalvndA

DOCUM^ENT riT

ANY
INTERIOR

ANY
OPENING

VERTICAL FILE

LET US

SOLVE

YOUR

FILING

PROBLEMS

FOR

HAVE

JUST

THE

THINGS

YOU

NEED

WE ARE SPECIALISTS

In all lines of Office Furniture including
the famous "MACEY" line of Inter-Inter
Filing Appliances, Sectional Bookcases, and
Inter-Inter Desks. Ask your Dealer about
them, or WTite direct to us and we will take
care of vou.

Janada fuRNiTURE Manufacturers

. WOODSTOCK. ONTARIO.

SELLING AGENTS FOR OTTAWA

OTTAWA TYPEWRITER COMPANY

MAKERS OF

MILITARY CAPS

of every description

POLICE, HOTEL PORTERS, BANK,

BAND, FIREMEN, STREET

RAILWAY, Etc.

Write for Catalogue and Prices

Hamilton Uniform Cap Co.

214-218 King William St. - Hamilton, Ont.

Contractors to Dominion Government

Pipe Threading
Tools

Machinists

Blacksmiths

Boiler Makers
Tools

A. B. JARDINE & CO.

HESPELER

Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa

Poison Iron Works

Limited

Toronto

Ontario

Steel Shipbuilders
Engineers and Boilermakers

STEAMERS— All sizes.

TUGS — Barges and Lighters.

DREDGES — Hydraulic and Dipper type.

STEEL Dump Scows.

MARINE ENGINES and Boilers, all sizes.

BOILERS— For Stationary Plants.

TANK WORK— Smoke Flues and Stacks.

WATER FLUMES.

REPAIR work given prompt attention.

1 Boy and 10 Hogs Made
$350.00 at our 1915 Show

The same chance for a bright boy at the
SEVENTH ANNUAL

Toronto Fat Stock Show

Union Stock Yards
TORONTO

December 8 and 9, 1 91 6

Premium List with many new
classes now ready

C. F. TOPPING, Secretary
Union Stock Yards - TORONTO

The Craig, Cowan Company

Limited

154 Pearl Street

Trade Mark

TORONTO, Canada

Registered

MANUFACTURERS OF

Leather Gloves and Mittens

We specialize in Horsehide Gloves
and Mittens for the workingman, also

Automobile Gauntlets

C C C— means "The Very Best"

— TRY US —

Telephone Junction 3277

WITCHALL & SON

BUILDING

CONTRACTORS

156 St. Helens Ave. Toronto

Ivi

The Civilian

TAYLOR SAFES

STAND
THE TEST

Branches
MONTEEAL

WINNIPEG
VANCOUVER

MADE IN CANADA FOR OVER 60 TEARS

J. & J. TAYLOR, Limited

Toronto Safe Works
TORONTO

For CANADIAN MADE

High Class WATER WHEELS

STOP LOG and GATE WINCHES

Heavy Machine Dressed GEARS

MILL WORK

PROPELLER WHEELS

of Iron, Semi-Steel, Steel or Bronze

HIGH GRADE STEEL CASTINGS

THE

TRY

WILLIAM KENNEDY & SONS

LIMITED

OWEN SOUND

Ont

ario

THE QUALITY MARK ON
LOCKS AND HARDWARE

Back of every product of the Yale Factories is the very
definite idea that each product, in its various styles and sizes,
shall best meet some particular requirement or use.

And upon this universal adaptability and fitness, as much
as upon the maintenance of Yale quality, rests the reputation
of Yale leadership.

Service has ever been the keynote of Yale products — and
service and performance have distinguished them for nearly
half a century.

Yale Products cover a wide range of articles:

Locks of all kinds
Builders' Hardware
Padlocks and Night Latches
Cabinet and Trunk Locks

Door Closing Devices

Bank and Safe Deposit Locks

Prison Locks

Post Office Lock Boxes

Chain Blocks and Electric Hoists

The product always bears the familiar Panel trade mark
shown above. If you are offered any lock which does not bear
it, you may know thereby that you are offered a substitute.

CANADIAN YALE & TOWNE LIMITED
ST. CATHARINES, ONTARIO

Consult Us About

TINSMITHS' TOOLS

SHEET METAL
WORKERS' TOOLS

POWER PRESSES

DROP HAMMERS, Etc.

EVAPORATING
MACHINERY

CANNING
MACHINERY

THE BROWN, BOGGS CO.

LIMITED

HAMILTON - Canada

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ivii

LINDE

The Standard Refrigerating Plant

THE performance of Linde Machines
in tiiis country is so well known
and their distribution so widespread
that they have become a universally
standard product, bought without dis-
cussion of their mechanical features.
In competition with other machines
their greater worth is taken for granted.

If the Linde costs a little more to
buy, it costs a good deal less to own.

The Linde Canadian Refrigeration Co.

37 St. Peter Street, Montreal

Offices throughout the Dominion

JAMIESON'S

FINE VARNISHES
PAINTS, COLORS

MADE IN CANADA

Since 1858

R. C. Jamieson & Co.

Limited
Montreal Vancouver

owning and operating

P. D. Dods & Co., Limited

Over Half a Century of Experience Guarantees
the Quality of Our Products

C. R. HOSMER, President A. BRUCE. Secretary-Treasurer
A. O. DAWSON, Vice-President and Managing Director

Cable Address ** KINGCOT "
Codes A. B.C., 4th and 5th Editions

A.I. AND Western Union
Cotton Code, Shepperson's 1878-1881

Canadian
Cottons, Limited

28 Victoria Square
MONTREAL

CANADA MILL
STORMONT MILL
DUNDAS MILL
ONTARIO MILL
HAMILTON MILL
GIBSON MILL -
ST. CROIX MILL

CORNWALL, Ont.
CORNWALL, Ont.
CORNWALL, Ont.
HAMILTON, Ont.
HAMILTON, Ont.
MARYSVILLE, N.B.
MILLTOWN, N.B.

Geo. M. Stewart

Printing and
Bookbinding Machinery

Type and Supplies

92 McGill Street
MONTREAL

Machine Shop - 233 Bleury Street
Basement Caron Building

Iviii

The Civilian

The Slingsby Manufacturing
Company, Limited

BRANTFORD - Canada

Manufacturers of

Fine White and Grey Blankets
Camp Blankets

Special Lines Manufactured for
Lumberman's and Contractor's work

We show a very large range of

Costume Cloths

in carefully selected patterns

WRITE FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES

SHURLY- DIETRICH
COMPANY, Limited

MANUFACTURERS OF

MAPLE LEAF
SAWS

GALT

ONTARIO

— BRANCHES —
HULL, QUEBEC, and VANCOUVER, B.C.

SEND YOUR BOY
AT THE FRONT,
A PAIR OF OUR
SPECIALLY MADE

MILITARY
SPORTING
BOOTS

The

17-inch Leg, Full Sole Leather
Sole and Hob Nailed

R. M. BEAL LEATHER CO., Limited

LINDSAY - ONTARIO

Trade Mark

Registered

THE —

L. McBrine Company

LIMITED

Makers of.

McBRINE'S
"Around-the- World-Baggage"

also "Kitchener" Overseas Trunks

— BRANCHES —
Toronto Winnipeg

Edmonton Vancouver

KITCHENER

Regina
Halifax

Canada

As Viewed From Ottawa

lix

JOHN DATE

BRASS FOUNDER

MANUFACTURER OF

DIVING APPARATUS

13 and 15 CONCORD STREET
MONTREAL

QUEBEC

APPARATUS FOR HIRE

and All Accessories

PHONE UPTOWN 5507

"BON CAFE, BONNE JOURNEE "

Augustin Comte & Cie

Limitee

Wholesale Importers

COFFEES, TEAS
and SPICES

Furnishers to the Canadian Militia

723-725 Notre Dame East

MONTREAL

CANADA

LOUIS A. DUBRULE
President

PAUL L. DUBRULE
Vice-President

DUBRULE MAIUFACIURING CD,

LIMITED

Wholesale Clothing
Importers of Gents' Furnishings

OFFICE, WAREHOUSE and FACTORY

24 McGILL COLLEGE AVENUE

TELEPHONE UPTOWN 2655

BRANCH FACTORY

204 ST. LAWRENCE BOULEVARD

TELEPHONE MAIN 1349

MONTREAL •

DRUMMOND McCALL & CO.

LIMITED
Halifax Quebec Montreal Toronto Winnipeg

STEEL MATERIAL

BEAMS CHANNELS ANGLES
PLATES SHEETS

BOILER TUBES
RAILROAD TIRES
STAYBOLT IRON

WATER WORKS SUPPLIES

VALVES HYDRANTS

PIPE

WATER METERS

Stocks carried at our Warehouses for
Immediate Delivery

The Civilian

"ff

ESTABUSHED IN l654
AND 5na THE lEADERS

■ IN

PURE FOOD
PRODUCTS

Ldv^ Bacon Gireis
mmeBrtiishEnfqmv

""THE T\XW117Q«WWPANY

TORONTO MONTREAL "WINNIPEG
HAMILTON

It pays to use a
brush that is adapt-
ed to the nature of
the work you re-
quire it for.

BOECKH'S
BRUSHES

are made in a variety of patterns, com-
prising a design for every known use.

THEY ARE GUARANTEED
MADE IN CANADA FOR OVER 60 YEARS

MADE IN
CANADA

Uniform Caps and Helmets

Military, Naval and Lodge Caps
Railway Men's, Police, Porters, Etc.

ANDERSON -MACBETH, Limited

284-286 King Street West - TORONTO

UNIFORMS

FOR

MILITIA
OFFICERS

CADET and BOY SCOUTS

Clothing Specialties

For all Trades and Purposes

THE MILLER MFG. CO.

LIMITED

44-46 York Street TORONTO, Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixi

JOHN McMURCHY H. L. McMURCHY

BUYER MANAGER

JOHN McMURCHY & SONS

Manufacturers of

Men's Heavy Woollen
Half Hose

BRAMPTON - Ontario

-The-

Doering I runk Co.

Limited
Waterloo - Ontario

Manufacturers of

Trunks, Suit Cases
and Travelling Bags

DOMINION
STEEL FOUNDRY CO.

LIMITED
HAMILTON - Canada

The Preston
Car & Coach
Co., Limited

PRESTON

ONTARIO

Manufacturers of

Acid Open Hearth
Steel Castings

for Locomotives, Railway Cars,
Bridges, and Heavy Machinery

Heavy Steel Forgings

for Locomotives and Cars
Annual Capacity 50,000 Tons

Ixii

The Civilian

ST. LAWRENCE SUGAR

Has long since passed the Experimental Stage

St. Lawrence is not a new untried sugar, in an
experimental stage, but a sugar which has a reputation
behind it^a jugar which under the severest and most
critical tests, shows a sugar purity of 99.99 per cent,
as per Government analysis. For successful jams
and preserves you can always absolutely depend upon
St. Lawrence Sugar as its quality never varies.
Remember, the slightest foreign matter or impurity
in sugar will prevent your jellies from setting and
cause your preserves to become sour or ferment.

FOR PRESERVING

It is well worth your while to ask for St,
Lawrence Extra Granulated, and to make sure that
you obtain it.

Get the Original Refinery Sealed Packages,
Cartons 2 or 5 Pounds.

Bags, 10, 20, 25, and 100 Pounds Each.

St. Lawrence Sugar Refineries

MONTREAL ^'"''^^'^

Armstrong, Whitworth

of Canada, Limited

Manufacturers of

High Speed and
Carbon Tool Steel

Miscellaneous Shop Tools

HEAD OFFICE, 22 Victoria Square MONTREAL

WORKS— LONGUEUIL, Quebec
Dominion Bank Building . - TORONTO

MADE IN CANADA

SUIT or OVERCOAT

Eighteen
Tailor

Shops in
Canada

Montreal
Quebec
Three Rivers
Amherst, N.S.
New Glasgow, N.S.
Sydney, N.S.

"^^and Scotch Wootte^

NO ^^^^'^■fl NO
Made-to-Measure

Charlottetown, P.E.I.
St. John, N.B.
Moncton, N.B.
Fredericton, N.B.
Halifax, N.S.
Sherbrooke, Que.

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixiii

JNO. FLEMMING

WM. J. FLEMMING

Bentley, Flemming & Co.

MAKERS OF

MASTS, SPARS
BLOCKS and OARS

Oregon Pine Masts, Fishing Anchor Stocks

DEALERS IN

British Columbia Cedar, Hard and Soft
Wood Timber, Plank and Boards

SHIP'S BOATS AT LOWEST RATES
Bentley's Wharf

(Next South of A. G. Jones & Co.)

Lower Water St., HALIFAX, N.S.

D. M. THOMSON
Tel vSt. Paul 1645

A. C. THEAKSTON
Tel. St. Paul 2620

Thomson & Theakston

CONTRACTORS
and BUILDERS

Jobbing Promptly Attended To

Office— 116 Mollis St. - HALIFAX, N.S

Telephone St. Paul 2457

Factory — Cedar St.

HALIFAX, N.S.

SMITH & PROCTOR

EXPORTERS

Butter, Eggs
and Cheese

HALIFAX - Nova Scotia

CLAYTON & SONS

MANUFACTURERS OF

CLOTHING

HALIFAX

Canada

Ixiv

The Civilian

The Lincoln Paper Mills Company, Limited

Merritton - Ontario

Manufacturers of all kinds of WRAPPING PAPER

SPECIALTIES^

FLOUR SACKS
CEMENT SACKS
COAL SACKS
CHARCOAL SACKS

ROPE ENVELOPE
JUTE ENVELOPE
MANILLA ENVELOPE

RIBBED HOSIERY
MANILLA TAG
JUTE TAG

Head Office and Mills

MERRITTON, Ontario

BRANCHES
TORONTO, Ontario WINNIPEG, Manitoba

F. MOSHER & SON

Wharf Builders and Contractors

ARCADE BUILDING

Phone 788 :: HALIFAX, N.S.

DAVIS & FRASER

Pork Packers
and Provision Merchants

Fresh and Storage Eggs
51 LOCKMAN STREET

HALIFAX

Nova Scotia

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixv

ARCTIC
DUBBIN

A waterproof paste specially
prepared from rubber and
oils. I-enves the leather soft
and pliable and keeps the
shoe more waterproof than
any other make. Put up in
Tan, two sizes. Packed three
dozen to case.

DOMESTIC SPECIALTY CO., Limited

HAMILTON - CANADA

Reliance Knitting Co., Limited

Makers of

Sweaters, Underwear
and Hosiery

CORNER KINO AND
BATHURST STS.

TORONTO, Canada

For SIGNAL LANTERNS
RAIN GUAGES

and any SPECIAL SHEET METAL APPARATUS
— SEND TO —

WHITE & THOMAS

TORONTO - - ONTARIO

GEO. A. LYONS

Wholesale Produce Merchant

DEALER IN

Hay, Oats, Straw, Potatoes
938 Queen Street West - TORONTO

SHURLY & DERRETT

LIMITED

TORONTO

Ontario

Manufacturers of

TWINES TENNIS NETS

FISH LINES, Etc.

A COOPER CAP

Meana STYLE-COMFORT and DURABILITY to the
wearer. Ask to see a COOPER 3 in 1, FIT-EZE HOLDFAST
CAP. One cap adjustable to THREE SIZES. Something
automobilists will appreciate. They stick to the head in
windy weather. Sole Manufacturers and Patentees.

THE COOPER CAP CO.

Cooper Building, Spadina and Grange Avenues
TORONTO - ONTARIO

The Machon Sealing Wax Co.

Manufacturers of Highest Grade

Bankers', Express, Dispensing, \¥ / A 'X/'
Letter, Fancy and Bottling W J\J\,

47 St. James' Avenue - TORONTO

Phone North 4028

PLYMOUTH ROPE

It solves all rope problems and gives the
greatest service at lowest cost.

SELLING AGENTS

INDEPENDENT CORDAGE CO., Limited

55 Colborne Street - TORONTO

Ixvi

The Civilian

Estimates Furnished

Phone North 3826

W. J. MOORE

(Late of James Foster)

160 Spruce St. - Toronto

Maker and Repairer of

Surveying and Meteorological Instruments

Location — Take Eastbound Parliament or Carlton Car, get off
at River and Gerrard Streets, and walk one block north.

E. W. Blatchford Company

MAKERS OF

Quality Printers' Metals

TORONTO, Canada, 37 Lombard St.

CHICAGO, 111.
230 North Clinton St.

NEW YORK, N.Y.
World Building

ARTIFICIAL LIMBS

Adjustable Slip Socket Legs.
Largest limb factory in Canada.

Dominion Artificial Limb Co.
259 College Street, Toronto

FIRE INSURANCE

Civil Servants would do well to
investigate the record made by

The London Mutual Fire irsj

for SAFETY PLUS FAIR DEALING

which has been the Company's motto since 1859.

For particulars regarding our liberal terms, write
F. D. WILLIAMS, General Manager, 33 Scott St., Toronto

NEW DESIGNS IN

FURNITURE TRIMMINGS

The latest ideas in Furniture Hardware.

All period styles supplied.

A large selection of stock patterns and any
design made to order.

The Hahn Brass Co., Limited

New Hamburg, Ont.

B. STONE ta CO

MANUFACTURERS OF

MEN'S CLOTHING

333 Adelaide St. West
TORONTO

Phone Adelaide 3456

TO BOX USERS

Special attention given to BOX and SHOOK
form requirements of the trade.

The privilege of submitting Estimates and Prices
respectfully solicited. Address —

H. M. RATHBUN

Box Manufacturer DESERONTO, Ontario

The Oldest House in Manufacture of Dental Materials

Nearly one hundred years have come and gone since this
hovise first entered the dental field and it is still manufacturing
and stocking for the Dentists of the World, the various lines
that are indispensable to them.

Ash's manufacture is most favourably known in every part
of the world where dentistry is practiced, and it is the constant
aim of the house to maintain and merit the approbation of the
dental profession.

Claudius Ash Sons & Co.^ Limited

5-12 Broad Street, Golden Square - London, England

Established 1820
CANADIAN BRANCH— n-13 Grenville Street. TORONTO

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixvii

ARTIFICIAL LIMBS

Trusses, Crutches
Special Appliances

Established 54 Years All Articles Guaranteed

AUTHORS & COX

135 Church Street - TORONTO, Ont.

FRANK BROTHERS

HAMILTON, CANADA

NEW METALS OLD METALS

IRON STEEL

COPPER BEARING MATERIAL

ONLY

ONE

WRITING

The

McCaskey

Way

No Book-
keeping
Troubles

No Profit
Leaks

Mis-^a-kes ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS oi.^utes

McCaskey Systems Limited, Toronto

" Creators of Professional and Business Systems "

The largest manufacturers of Carbon Coated Sales Pads

in the world. All kinds of Counter Check Books

and Forms. Write for prices.

MARTIN PUMP & MACHINE CO.

Limited

SHELL MACHINERY
GAUGES, TOOLS

TORONTO

CANADA

MIDLAND ENGINE WORKS

Marine Gasoline Motors

General Repair Work

MIDLAND

ONTARIO

IMPERIAL GLOVE CO.

HAMILTON, ONTARIO

NOTED FOR NEAT, DURABLE

MITTS and GLOVES

M. FRENCH, Secretary

A. MacGOWAN, President

Cold Drawn, Turned and Polished

SHAFTING AND SHAPES

Special Drawn Steel for Sockets,
Fuses, Adapters and Gaines

UNION DRAWN STEEL CO.

HAMILTON, ONTARIO

LIMITED

MEAKINS & SONS, Limited

MANUFACTURERS

BRUSHES BROOMS WOODENWARE
COCOA DOOR MATS

FACTORIES

HAMILTON

WAREHOUSES
Toronto, Ont. London, Ont. Winnipeg, Man.

MEAKINS BRUSH CO., LTD., MONTREAL

Ixviii

The Civilian

CANADIAN GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS

Express Trains

Noted for Excellence of Service

OCEAN LIMITED

MARITIME EXPRESS

Evening Train Daily Morning Train Daily Except Saturday

DEPART BONAVENTURE UNION DEPOT, MONTREAL

Quebec

Moncton

Halifax

Connection for St. John, Prince Edward Island, The Sydneys,
Newfoundland, Except Sunday

"Western National" "National Atlantic"

SHORTEST ROUTE - QUICKEST TIME

OBSERVATION SLEEPING CARS
QUEBEC, LA TUQUE, AMOS, COCHRANE, WINNIPEG

NaHonals

Maritime
provinces

Dep. QUEBEC 2.00 p.ni. Tues. Thurs. Sal
Arr. LA TUQUE 7.20 p.m. " " "

" AMOS 9.44 a.m. Wed. Fri. Sun.

" COCHRANE 4.10 p.m.

WINNIPEG 4.30 p.m. Thurs. SaL Mon.

Dep. WINNIPEG 5.15 p.m. Sun. Tues. Thur.
COCHRANE 7.15 p.m. Mon. Wed. Fri.
AMOS 1.31 a.m. Tues. Thurs. SaL
LA TUQUE 3.50 p.m. " " "
QUEBEC 9.10 p.m. '

(WEST BOUND)

"THE NATIONAL"

(EAST BOUND)

Dep. TORONTO 10.45 p.in. Toes. Thars. Sat.
Arr. WINNIPEG 4.30 p.m. Thurs. Sat. Mon.

Dep. WINNIPEG 5.15 p.m. San. Tues. Thars'
Arr. TORONTO 12.50 p.m. Tues. Thurs. Sat-

PadficQstst

As Viewed From Ottawa

ixix

One of 2000 Gondola Cars Delivered to a Foreign Government

fir FREIGHT CARS TO FOREIGN ORDER — We have unexcelled water and rail shipping facilities for the export of freight cars of all types

abroad or to United States markets. Our manufacturing capacity reaches to 40 cars per day. .Although fully employed in filling and conducting
negotiations for further foreign orders, our exteptioiial output facilities enable vis both to take care of these and others in the order in which they are received.

75 Ton Special Pit Car for Canadian Government Railways

FLAT CARS, CABOOSES, AND MINE CARS— We make a specialty of Flat Cars, Cabooses and Mine Cars tor both Home and Foreign
Markets in Wood, Steel Frame or "All-Steel " and shall be pleased to quote against all capacity requirements and quantities.

EASTERN CAR COMPANY, LIMITED

General Offices and Work*, New Glasgow, N.S. Montreal Office, Room 14, Windsor Hotel

Ixx

The Civilian

The Hunter Bridge & Boiler Co.

Limited

Kincardine

Ontario

Manufacturers of

Highway Bridges Structural Work

Stand Pipes Elevated Tanks

Boilers, Marine and Stationary
Hunter Patent Interlocking Steel Piling

We have had over a quarter of a century experience
In the above Hnes and our plant is equipped to take care
of any orders, large or small. We also carry a large stock
of structural steel on hand.

Get our prices before placing your
order. Our aim is always to please.

The Hunter Bridge & Boiler Co., Limited

Kincardine - Ontario

Aw \'iewp;d From Ottawa

Ixxi

Sheet Metal Stampings Pressed Steel Parts

Spun and Stamped Brass Goods
Dies, Tools and Power Presses Special Machinery

CANADIAN MANUFACTURERS OF

THADE MARIl-RESI5'-ERr&

Piston Headpacking rings

PATENT CD

W. H. BANFIELD & SONS, Limited

Executive Offices and Works

370-386 Pape Avenue

TORONTO

Electrical Department and City Sales Office
120 Adelaide Street West

CANADA

Ixxii

The Civilian

Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co., Limited

Manufacturers of Steel for Shrapnel Shells and Admiralty Forgings

Only Company in Canada Producing Steel Ingots by the " Harmet " Liquid Process

Can Supply Forgings up to 40 Tons in weight and
to all Admiralty and Lloyd's Tests and Specifications

Why "Harmet" Liquid Process
Steel Ingots are Superior to Ordi-
nary Steel Ingots:

1. Prevention of cracks due to shrinkage;
of internal stresses and resulting cracks and
fissures.

2. Early cessation in the crystallization of
the metal, and the production of fine crystal-
lization without cleavage pianos.

3. Lessening of segregation, i.e., reduction
of tendency of carbon a d other impurities
to concentrate in the central and upper
parts of the ingot.

4. Prevention of " pipes " or interior
cavities, and thus preservation of ab8olut«
solidity in the ingot.

5. Improvement in physical properties.

6. Reduction in waste of ingot.

FORGING A RUDDER FRAME

f^UR modern Steam Hydraulic Forge Shop at Niw Glasgow, N.S.,
part of which is .shown above, and our large Steel Plant at Sydney
Mines, N.S., equal the very best in America.

On the shortest notice, we can supply forgings of all shapes and
sizes, made of ordinary or " Harmet " fluid compressed open-hearth steel,
and satisfying the most severe siiecifications.

Our forges are modern in every respect — designed and installed after
close study of the latest developments in all countries. Moreover, we
produce the highest grades of steel by the most approved methods. It
has always been the policy of " Scotia " to hold a position in the front
rank of trade, and by the recent additions to plant, this policy has been
maintained in a practical manner, bringing "Scotia's" equipment abreast
of the best foreign forges.

For Bound, Illustrated
Catalogue, write

Head Office, NEW GLASGOW, N.S.

Western Sales Office, Room 14, Windsor Hotel, Montreal

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixxiii

TAILORED BY

TORONTO

"The Clothes with a national
reputation for style and quality"

BLAIRS LIMITED

EXCLUSIVE AGENTS

OTTAWA

ARTHUR K. MacARTHUR
President

JOHN K. MacARTHUR
Treasurer

SIR R. W. PERKS, Bart., Chairman

GEO. W. VOLCKMAN, Vice President and General Manager
M. Soc. E. Eng. M. Can. Soc. C.E. M. Am. Soc. C.E.

MacArthur, Perks & Co.

Limited

Engineering
Contractors

197 Sparks St., OTTAWA, Canada

Telephone 5626
Telegrams — Macarperks

RODEN BROS.

LIMITED

JIA.VUFACTriiEKS OF

STE RLI XG SUAE R AVARE

DUCHESS
ELECTRO PLATEWARE

FIXE CUT CLASSWARE

MILITARY BADGES, Etc.

345 CARLAW AVENUE
TORONTO • CANADA

PERFECT-KNIT MILLS

LIMITED
LISTOWEL - Ontario

Manufacturers of the P'inest

5WEATER pQATS

in Canada, and Spinners of
the highest grades of

Stocking, Knitting and Fingering

YARNS

Ixxiv

The Civilian

The Grier Timber Co.

Limited

Montreal - Quebec

General Timber

— and —

Lumber Dealers

Everything in Dimension Timber

LUMBER YARD
344 William Street

HEAD OFFICE and SAW MILL
1040 Notre Dame Street, West

GEO. D. ROSS & CO.

142 CRAIG STREET WEST

MONTREAL, Quebec

SPECIALTIES

Boot Laces, Cotton and Linen
Threads and Sewing Needles

OTTAWA

CAR MANUFACTURING

COMPANY, Limited

Designers and Builders of

Street and Interurban Electric Railway Cars, Snow
Sweepers and Plows. Also Transport and other
Vehicles, such as Special Wagons, Drays, Delivery
Rigs, Motor Bodies, Street Sprinklers, Tank Wagons,
Hose and Ladder Trucks, etc.; also Producers of
Manganese and Brass Castings of every description.

Acquaint us with your requirements, as
specifications, drawings and estimates
are gladly given at any time.

Office and Works

KENT AND SLATER STREETS

OTTAWA, Canada

Acme Glove Works

Limited

MONTREAL

MANUFACTURERS OF

GLOVES

KNITTED GOODS
FOOTWEAR

AND

CLOTHING
SPECIALTIES

IMPORTERS OF

FINE KID GLOVES

As Viewed From Oitawa

Ixxv

J. W. GUMMING & SON, Limited

We manufacture a complete line of Tools for the Coal Mine, the Plaster Mine
and the Lumberman. Wood or Steel let CUMMING'S make it.

OUR PRODUCTS

COAL BORING MACHINES

STEEL PIT HAMES

FROGS

STONE BORING MACHINES

SCREENS

SPIKES

RATCHET BORING MACHINES

LIGHT AND HEAVY FORCINGS

BOLTS

BREAST AUGERS

CASTINGS

MINE CARS

TAMP BARS

TRACK TOOLS

SURFACE CARS

SPIKE BARS

BARK PEELERS

DUMP CARS

MACHINE PICKS

ROAD MAKERS AXES AND

CAR IRONS

PICKS

CHISELS

DRAW BARS

NEEDLES

ROPE SWIVELS AND CONES

HITCHINGS

STEMMERS

STEEL RAILS

All our Tools are built on

practicable lines and guaranteed to

give satisfaction

Branch Office and Warehouse

LETHBRIDGE, Alta.

Home Office

NEW GLASGOW, N.S.

WHOLESALE — RETAIL

ESTABLISHED 1868

INCORPORATED 1907

Magog Woollen Mills

Limited

Sherbrooke - Quebec

Manufacturers of

TWEEDS FLANNELS

BLANKETS YARNS

HOMi^SPUNS

From Canadian Wool Specialty in Homespuns

Samples Mailed on Application

Amherst ulLr Shoes

ARE GOOD SHOES

They FIT well

LOOK well

and WEAR well

A Half Century's Experience
has taught us how to make them right

1867-1917

Amherst Boot & Shoe Co.

Limited

AMHERST - Nova Scotia

Ixxvi

The Civilian

LYMANS, Limited

474 ST. PAUL Rif ■ 1

STREET Montreal

ESTABLISHED 1800

Fine Chemicals Druggists' Sundries

Pure Drugs

Chemical and Assay Apparatus
Microscopes and Accessories

Analytical Balances, Surgical Instruments, Etc.

ESTABLISHED 1843

JAMES JOLLEY & SONS, Limited

HAMILTON - CANADA

MANUFACTURERS OF

** WEAR -WELL" HARNESS

HORSE COLLARS
SADDLERY HARDWARE

HORSE BLANKETS
RIDING SADDLES

Contractors to H,M. Imperial and Canadian Governments and Foreign Governments

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixxvii

Screw Machine Work

Milled from the bar to
customers* specifications.

Capacity up to 2\ diameter and 10^ long.
Also Standard Screws, Nuts and Studs.

The National-Acme Mfg, Co,

De Courcelles and G.T.R. Montreal, P.Q.

H. STROUD
Premidenl and Manager

J. K. MARTIN
Superin tendent

JOHN LINDSAY
Secretary- TreaMurer

Paris Wincey Mills

Company, Limited

Paris, Canada

Manufacturers of FLANNELS

Plain and Fancy, Union and all Wool, Coat Linings,
Tweeds, Serges, Etc., Etc.

Ixxviii

The Civilian

JOHN J. GRANT

NEW GLASGOW

NOVA SCOTIA

BUILDING
CONTRACTOR

Building Material of all Kinds

SHOPS, YARDS and OFFICE
Opposite Railway Station

INQUIRIES SOLICITED

W. & A. MOIR

Mechanical Engineers
and Machinists

Dealers in all kinds of

Engineering Supplies

Machinery
Repairs and General Jobbing

AGENCY FOR BELDAM'S PACKINGS

ENGINE WORKS, FOUNDRY and OFFICE

210 to 216 Barrington Street

HALIFAX - Nova Scotia

THE

Frank A. Gillis Company

Limited

CONTRACTORS'
SUPPLIES

Reinforcing Materials and
Concrete Machinery a Specialty

OFFICE AND WAREHOUSE
PICKFORD and BUCK'S WHARF

HALIFAX

Nova Scotia

Manufacturers
: : of : :

Steam Packings

Bull Dog Packing, in Spirals and
Rings.

High Pressure Bull Dog Packing

in Spirals and Rings.

Asbestos and Rubber Gaskets
Asbestos Tape
Rubber Pump Valves

We have facilities for making the above quickly

Prompt Shipments Guaranteed

GUILDFORD & SONS, Limited

Manufacturers UAIIFAY IMQ Machinery

and Dealers flALirAA, ll.ij. Supplies

As Viewed From Ottawa

I XX

The York Construction Company, Limited

ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS

Excelsior Life Building
TORONTO - ONTARIO

W. B. RUSSELL, M. Can. Soc. C.E.

PRESIDENT

A. LOTHIAN

SECRETARY

SASKATCHEWAN

BUFFALO ROBES

TRADE

MARK

THE GREATEST WINTER

AUTOMOBILE ROBE

WIND AND WATER PROOF

If you dealer cannot show you Saskatchewan
Robes, write us direct.

NEWLANDS & CO., Limited

GALT - Ontario

TRADE

" PERFECTO "

MARK

PLUMBERS'
BRASS GOODS

GALT BRASS
COMPANY

LIMITED
GALT - CANADA

Ixxx

The Civilian

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixxxi

lOCO LIQUID GLOSS
FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS

loco Liquid Gloss is not only the best, it is the
most economical of all floor and furniture cleaners
and renovators. Whereas most cleaners are used direct
from the containers, loco is most effective when used
with an equal quantity of water.

POLISHES AND CLEANSES FINISHED WOOD
SURFACES WITH ONE APPLICATION

As loco is a by-product of our business, it is sold
to the public at very low cost. It is packed in all
sized cans, from }4 pint to 5 gallons. Also in half
barrels and barrels.

Send direct to us for Sample

THE IMPERIAL OIL COMPANY

LIMITED
56 Church Street - Toronto

BRANCHES IN ALL CITIES

Ixxxii

The Civilian

Algoma Steel Corporation

Limited

HEAD OFFICE AND WORKS

SAULT STE. MARIE - ONTARIO

MANUFACTURERS OF

Standard Light and Heavy Rails

Angle and Splice Bars Tie Plates

Reinforcing Bars Merchant Bars

QUALITY FIRST SAFETY SERVICE

MONTREAL OFFICE
606 McGILL BUILDING

TORONTO OFFICE
1428 TRADERS BANK BUILDING

As Viewed Fhom Ottawa

Ixxxiii

The Spanish River Pulp & Paper Mills

Limited

Lake Superior Paper Company

Limited

Head Office

SAULT STE. MARIE

MILLS AT

Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.
Espanola, Ont.
Sturgeon Falls, Ont.

DAILY CAPACITY

460 Tons Newspaper 370 Tons Groundwood

190 Tons Sulphite

Ixxxiv

The Civilian

FURNESS WITHY & CO., LIMITED

HALIFAX, N.S.

HALIFAX

LONDON

Canada to Great Britain

HALIFAX

LIVERPOOL

Regular fortnightly sailings the year round from
Halifax and St. John, N.B., to London, and
from Halifax via St. John's, Nfld., to Liverpool

All Classes of Freight Handled

We are erecting a new steel and concrete pier, in order to handle the
increased trade at the port of Halifax. This will be one of the largest and
finest piers on the north Atlantic seaboard, and will afford docking facilities for
the largest steamers. The warehouse thereon is up-to-date in every particular,
being thoroughly fireproof and abundant accommodation will be afforded all
varieties of cargo. A heated room will also protect perishable cargo against
the weather.

Stevedoring

Passengers

This Department is comprised of a competent
body of men, who are experienced in the handling
of different varieties of cargo shipped from this
port. Up-to-date gear and appliances are used,
and we are prepared to handle contracts for the
loading and discharging of cargoes.

The members of our staff in this Department
are experienced in the handling of Westbound
and Eastbound passenger traffic. Bookings
arranged for the leading trans-Atlantic lines,
including rail connections. Bookings also made
for Canada S.S. Lines and Quebec S.S. Co.

Branch Offices and Agencies in the Atlantic Ports
of the United States, and at

St. John, N.B.

Montreal, P.Q.

St. John's, Nfld.

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixxxv

MARITIME NAIL COMPANY

LIMITED

ST. JOHN

New Brunswick

.Manufacturers of

Wire Nails

Coiled Wire

Cut Wire

and Pulp Wire

Write for Quotations and Information

BRANCHES
Montreal Quebec London, E.G.

Ixxxvi

The Civilian

"The joy of cleanly living to the whole household"

No Room in the House is so
Important as the Bathroom

Its influence upon the health of every member of the family makes the
selection of the proper Fixtures imperative.

If you consult your Plumber or Architect about the QUALITY of the
Plumbing Fixtures sold under our Brand — S C O T I A, he will tell you they
can be specified and installed with every assurance of perfect satisfaction both
as to efficiency and durability. There are no Fixtures on the market that are
better made. It matters not how simple or lavish your taste, your Plumber
can make a suitable choice. Whether the price is high or low we guarantee
SCOTIA FIXTURES absolutely sanitary.

Specify in your Plumbing Contract that

Your Bathtub
Your Closet
Your Lavatory

Must be selected at WM. STAIRS, SON & MORROW, Limited

That you may be able to select for yourself the equipment
best suited to your home and your means

We have opened a Modern Showroom at No. 10 Sackville Street, where all
Modern Sanitary Bathroom Fixtures are featured, Decorative ideas explained, and
Accessories suggested.

Wm. Stairs, Son & Morrow, Limited

Established 1810

Eastern Canada's Supply House HALIFAX, N.S.

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixxxvii

Tour In The

WEST INDIES

Trade With The

WEST INDIES

CANADA'S NATURAL WINTER RESORT.
CANADA'S NATURAL MARKET.

11 days
1500 miles

Cruises by our Regular Fortnightly Mail Service vary from

for $50 -to- 5470 mUes } f Ol^ $145

The popular tour is to Demerara — 6 weeks for $125 — calling twice at ten different
islands. Meals and berth on steamer included. Return Tickets are good for 6 months.

THE ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY,

57-59 Granville Street - - HALIFAX, N.S.

Directors

S. M. BROOKFIELD

J. W. BROOKFIELD

R. ROPER

S. M. BROOKFIELD

LIMITED

HALIFAX

Nova Scotia

Established 1860

Cable Address
"BROOKFIELD"

CONTRACTORS and BUILDERS

CONTRACTORS FOR STONE, BRICK,
CEMENT AND STEEL ERECTIONS.

We operate our Own Mill for all kinds of Woodwork.
We have Special Facilities for the performance of all kinds of Jobbing

MILL— Mitchell Street
Phone: St. Paul, 162

OFFICES— Granville Street
Phone: St. Paul, 31

Ixxxviii

The Civilian

EASTERN

BRAND CAPS

Gentlemen's Caps

Eastern Caps are smartly styled
for gentlemen who motor, golf,
drive and go in for outdoor life.
Nowadays no wardrobe is com-
plete without an Eastern Cap.

On Sale at all Good Stores

Manufacturers of

Driving, Team and Coach Harness

Collars and Horse Blankets

Boots and Shoes

Larrigans, Moccasins, Shoe Packs

We are the only firm in
Canada manufacturing all
these lines and our products
are identified by our Trade
Mark which is our guarantee.

WE ARE ALSO JOBBERS OF

Saddlery Hardware Saddlery Felt Horse Furnishings

Lap Robes Saskatchewan Goods

Oilclothing LEATHER DEALERS

A. E. WRY-STANDARD, LIMITED

A. E. Wry, Limited

The Standard Manufacturing Co., Limited ijA\^M\.yiL,LitLf iV.D.

As Viewed From Ottawa

Ixxxix

Manchester Robertson Allison, Limited

Eastern Canada's Largest Dry Goods House

DIRECT PURCHASERS AND IMPORTERS

Our numerous Buyers visit the English, European, American, and Home Markets twice every year

RETAIL

Dry Goods, Millinery, Furs, House
Furnishings, Carpets, Furniture,
Leather Goods, Ready - to - Wear
Garments.

WHOLESALE

Fancy and Staple Dry Goods,
Millinery, Tailors' Cloths, Small-
wares, Bedding, Lumbermen's
Outfits.

LARGE STAFF OF TRAVELLERS COVERING MARITIME PROVINCES.

Manchester Robertson Allison, Limited

Saint John, Canada

London, England

Telephone

Office, Main 453-11

Telephone
Residence, Main 498

James S.

Gregory

LUMBER

•

Scows

to Let on Hire

Blocks for Repairing Vessels

Office, Yards

and Wharves: Portland Point ST. JOHN,

N.B.,

Canada

The Civilian

•

PHOENIX FOUNDRY &

LOCOMOTIVE WORKS

ST. JOHN, N.B

JAMES FLEMING ESTABLISHED 1835

Telephone West 100

E. O. LEAHEY

GENERAL CONTRACTOR

Dredging, Reclamation, Construction of Sheds,
Buildings, Etc., Wharf Building, Wrecking

Office, 126 Protection St. - WEST ST. JOHN, N.B.

As Viewed From Ottawa

xci

"VICTOR 200"

Extra Heavy Iron Body

GLOBE and ANGLE VALVES

Screwed, Flanged, and Flanged and Screwed

Also made in BRONZE for Marine and High Pressure Work

PRICE LISTS ON APPLICATION

T. McAVITY & SONS, Limited

Montreal

ST. JOHN, N.B.

Winnipeg

CANADA

xcu

The Civilian

The Hartt Shoe
Combines-

The finest of materials.

The highest class and most ex-
pert workmanship.

To-day's modern ideas in lasts
and patterns in all widths.

The Hartt Boot & Shoe Company, Limited

FREDERICTON - N. B.

CANADA'S BEST SHOEMAKERS

Lumbering Machinery

CONTRACTORS'
SUPPLIES

Iron and Brass
Castings

Iron Forgings

The

Smith Foundry Company

Limited

Fredericton

N.B.

Established 1874

Incorporated 1911

Cables and Telegrams
Richards, Campbellton

Use Watkins Code

RICHARDS MAiUFACTURIKi; CO.

Limited

Lumber Merchants

CAMPBELLTON, N.B. - Canada

MILLS AT

CAMPBELLTON, N.B. RICHARDSVILLE, N.B.
RICHARDS, LN.R.

As ViEWKD P^ROM Ottawa

XC111

Passenger Service

— to

Europe, Cuba and Mexico

Passengers booked by all Steamship
Lines from CANADA and the
UNITED STATES.

Sailing lists sent on application and
best accommodation reserved.

Telephone or write to

T. A. S. DEWOLF & SON

STEAMSHIP AGENTS

HALIFAX - N.S.

Plumbing Heating
Ventilating

Steam and Hot Water Radiators

Steam and Hot Water Boilers

Plumbers' Supplies

Pipe and Fittings

Estimates on all class of work

HAGEN & CO., Limited

CONTRACTORS
Amherst Nova Scotia Sydney

Phone Main 2709-41

Kane & Ring

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

Room 2, Dearborn Building
85| Prince William Street

ST. JOHN

N. B.

SPECIALTIES

For—
SHELL GAUGES,
SPECIAL TAPS,
DIES and TOOLS;

also for
SPECIAL SCREW
MACHINE PRODUCTS,
PUNCH PRESS, or
MILLING MACHINE
WORK, Write:

Canada Tool and Specialty
Company, Limited

New Glasgow, Nova Scotia

xcivl

The Civilian

The Northern Dredging
and Construction Company

= Limited =

BATHURST

N.B.

GENERAL
CONTRACTORS

Specialties:~Harbour Work and Wharf Building

Address all Correspondence to St. John, N.B.

As Viewed From Ottawa

xcv

View of Pulp Mill Showing Steamer (3430 Tons) at Wharf

STJLFHIITE

I^TJLF

A GOOD STRONG PULP FOR EXPORT

LUMBER LATH SHINGLES

Dry Spruce and Pine

Spruce

Beaver Brand

Rough or Dressed Fifty Pieces per Bundle Cedar. Full Count

BATHURST LUMBER CO., Limited

BATHURST, N.B. - Canada

xcvi

The Civilian

GENERAL CONTRACTOR

Public and Railway Work

PHONES-Office 46. Residence 504

JOSEPH GOSSELIN

53-55 St, Georges Street

LEVIS - P.Q.

LUMBER MERCHANT

and MANUFACTURER.

As Viewed From Ottawa

xcvu

J. STOREY

B. CAMPBELL

Storey & Campbell

Manufacturers of

Light and Heavy Harness

Mexican Saddles Closed Uppers

Leggings, Etc.

Importers and Jobbers of

Saddlery Hardware, Leather of all Kinds,

Horse Clothing, Whips, Robes, Shoe

Findings, Cut Soles, Etc.

A Specialty made of
STOCK SADDLES and COWBOY OUTFITS

A veiy large stock of Trunks and Valises, ulways on
hand. Buggies, Wagons, Etc.

WHOLESALE AND BETAIL

Telephone Sey. 8171
518 to 520 Beatty Street
VANCOUVER

B. C.

(offices litirn

SEYMOUR

TELEPHONES

Shops ShauKhnessy Heights Camp

9246 BAYVIEW - 1960
BUNKERS - BAY. 627

OFFICES: FALSE CREEK WHARF

Due South Pender and C.P.R. Tracks

Cotton Co.

==^ Limited —

General Contractors
VANCOUVER, B.C.

Best equipment in Vancouver for Excavations
and Foundations, Street Paving, Retaining
Walls, Sidewalks, Driveways, Pile Driving
and Sewerage.

False Creek, behind C.P.R. Local Freight Sheds

Union Steamship Co.

of B.C., Limited

"Daydawn splendor, glow of evening;

Joy and jileasure, healthful zest;
These the tourist will be gleaning, , „

As he travels i>unlight

" North by
West in the

Eight Vessels "8 ' at
Your Service

The Brochure, " Outward Bound," givey vivid descriptions
of our Coast beauty spots voyaging from two to six days.

The booklet. "North by West in the Sunlight," is a
delightful pen picture of one of the Northern runs of the
Company.

These twain are in Bureau Stands of the Principal Hotels
in Canada and the United States, cw will be gladly forwarded
upon application.

Head Offices and Wharf

Union Dock, Foot of Carrall Street

VANCOUVER, B.C.

Take Car to Columbia Avenue Phone Seymour 306

J. DIXON

G. MURRAY

Office Phone Seymour 8765-8766

Dixon & Murray

Office and Store
Fixture Manufacturers

JOBBING CARPENTERS,

PAINTING, PAPERHANGING

AND KALSOMINING

Show Cases a Specialty

OFFICE AND FACTORY

1065 Dunsmuir Street
VANCOUVER, B.C.

XCVIU

The Civilian

At all Good
Dealers

"Tiger Brand"

Mmm

For Men
and Boys

Manufactured by

THE GALT KNITTING COMPANY, Limited

GALT, Ontario

The Majestic Coal Chute

""PHEY prevent the careless coal man from dis-
figuring the side of any house, and save the
lawn from being ruined by coal dust and stray
lumps. Every piece of coal falls right into the
bin without marring the house or wasting the coal.
The door locks open automatically and protects
the building above the opening just where the
damage always occurs.

WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET

Manufactured by

The Gait Stove & Furnace Company, Limited

Gait, - Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa

XCIX

Put the difference in your pocket

IF you are paying the duty from motives of patriotism,
your course is commendable, but if you desire the most
for your money, you are going the wrong way about it.

In sound, in workmanship, in quality of wood, in finish, the Phonola
offers you all that you can get in any foreign-made equivalent at a
considerable reduction in cost. It has exclusive features too : (1) The
concealed crank; (This cut shows the crank as attached for winding. It
drops into an enclosed opening in the case when not in use) ; (2) No re-
striction on records — plays all kinds; (3) It is procurable in different
woods to match the furniture of your drawing-room, living-room and den.
Prices start low at $15 and run to $250.

Model Prince $175

Plays all disc records. Send for free illustrated catalogue
and receive also a copy of our new catalogue of records.

» ^Y/ I. J '° unrepresented towns. Our sales-promoting plans offer a

/\g6niS W an lea splendid opportunity to responsible dealers. Write for details.

The Pollock Manufacturing Co., Limited, Kitchener, Ont.

•!5;'"i>mii;v3i«liiiii:B:|i,Vi|"

a 1

I LIU

The Robe & Clothing Co., Limited

Manufacturers of

LADIES' CLOAKINGS ASTRAKAN CLOTHS

KNITTED TUBING

IMITATION BUFFALO ROBES AND COATS

FUR AND FUR TRIMMED COATS

DUCK AND CORDUROY COATS, Shearling Lined

ASTRAKAN GLOVES MITTS and GAUNTLETS

Government Contractors

KITCHENER, Ontario

The Civilian

HIGH GRADE

Enamelled Kitchen Ware

(MADE IN CANADA)

If you ai'e interested in high class Enamel
Ware, write for our Catalogue and Price
List. Wo make th's high grade ware in
three colors, viz: New Blue (Turquoise), all
White and Acme Grey.

Our Registered Trade Mark S. E. Ware,
protects our product. Look for our Label.

SEND US A TRIAL ORDER

Stamped & Enamelled Ware

Limited

Hespeler - Ontario

THE R. FORBES COMPANY, Limited

HESPELER - ONTARIO

Manufacturers of Worsted Woven and Knitted Goods and Yarns

'T' HIS firm is favorably known throughout Canada as one
•*■ of the largest and most reliable manufacturing institu-
tions in the Dominion. The superior standard of the com-
modities produced in its mills for a period of forty years has
gained for the firm a world-wide reputation of a very
desirable character.

*l The buildings, which are all of modern construction,
principally of pressed brick and of stone, three and four
stories high, contain about twelve acres, including a large
brick addition just completed. The main buildings represent
a total length slightly exceeding one-half a mile, and, the
ceilings being mostly fourteen and sixteen feet high, ample
light and fresh air are afforded the workers in this great in-
dustry. Special attention is given to features of cleanliness
and sanitation. Spring water is furnished to each depart-
ment from the Company's private artesian wells.

CI Over 700 people are employed here, in a great variety of
work, including: Wool Sorting, Carding, Gilling, Comb-
ing, Drawing, Yarn Spinning, Twisting, Reeling,
Winding, Warping, Cloth Weaving, Burling, Mending
and Finishing; and in the Fancy Knitting trade are the
various operations of knitting fabrics (with latest improved
machines of foreign and domestic manufacture), cutting
fabrics, sewing and making-up fancy caps, bonnets, clouds,
mitts, mufflers, sweater coats, and numerous other lines of

Knitted Wear, while the preparation of these goods for the
market requires the employment of a great many hands,
boxing, labelling, packing, etc. A great number of men are
employed in the Dyeing and Scouring Departments and at
other lines of work.

fl The firm's high-grade products are marketed throughout
Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific and each year com-
mand increasing patronage, so that since the mills were first
founded they have never experienced any extensive period of
slackness, and employees here are practically guaranteed
work year in and year cut.

^ During its long career, the Company has never had a
strike or labor difficulty of any description, and fome of its
earliest employees are still enthusiastic workers in the
employ of the firm.

^ Families containing a number of young people interested
in securing employment will find it to their advantage to
write this firm, and full particulars of the opportunities open
will be furnished to applicants. The ever-increasing business
of this Company enables it to frequently engage entire
families, including all workers from fourteen years of age up.
and the steady character of the work makes it a very de-
sirable class of employment for industrious and thrifty
families.

As Viewed From Ottawa

WE MANUFACTURE

Induction Motors, Watt Meters
and Transformers

FOR LABORATORY AND ALL SPECIAL PURPOSES

PRICES ON APPLICATION

The Packard Electric Company, Limited

St. Catharines - Ontario

R. B. HAMILTON
President and Manager

GEO. C. ROUGH
Secretary and Sales Manager

HENRY WISE

Lumber

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

- Lath -

and Builders' Supplies

Shingles

St. Catharines, Ont. Saw Mill at Craighurst

The Civilian

Frank H. Taylor

Staple and Fancy

QROCERIES

44-46 Erie Avenue
NIAGARA FALLS

Ontario

Established 50 Years

Imperial Brand

Harness and

Horse Collars

are the Canadian Standard
for Quality and Style

MANUFACTURED ONLY BY

SAMUEL TREES & CO.

LIMITED

TORONTO WHITBY WINNIPEG

E. and T. Fairbanks Co., Ltd.

Sherbrooke

Quebec

As Viewed From Ottawa ciii

ANTHONY MOLE

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

HARDWARE MERCHANT

Paints, Oils, Window Glass, Etc.

PRICES RIGHT DELIVERY PROMPT

534 Queen Street W. - TORONTO

The Western Machinery Company, Limited

Engineers and Contractors

Munition Manufacturers to His Majesty's Government

DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY
and GENERAL MARINE CONTRACTORS

Head Office and Works - - Port Arthur, Ont.

CIV

The Civilian

Princess Mfg. Co.

Limited

A. M. GIBSON, President

MANUFACTURERS OF

Ladies' Wear

96 Spadina Avenue
TORONTO - ONTARIO

The —

Dredging & Dock Co.

Limited

CONTRACTORS

79 Spadina Avenue

TORONTO - ONTARIO

Randall & Johnston

Limited

Makers of

HIGH GRADE MEN'S

CLOTHING

TORONTO

Ontario

The Bryant Press

Limited

A. MACOOMB, Manager

(jeneral i rinting

1 icket Printing

and ijookbinding

Phones Main 2377-6888

131 to 133 Jarvis Street
TORONTO - CANADA

As Viewed From Ottawa cv

The Guelph Oiled Clothing Company

Limited

MANUFACTURERS OF

The Celebrated Lion Brands of

OILED CLOTHING

GUELPH, Ontario

Canada

Branch Agency — W. Louis Haldimand Jr., 11 St. Sacrament St., Montreal, Que,

GALT ROBE COMPANY

' MANUFACTURERS OF

Ladies' and Men's Fur Trimmed Coats,

Hammocks, Carriage Dusters,

Turkish Towels, Standard Buffalo Robes, Etc.

GALT - CANADA

CVl

The Civilian

The Dennis Wire & Iron
Works Company

Limited

ORNAMENTAL IRON
AND BRONZE

METAL LOCKERS

— AND —

STEEL SHELVING

General Office and Works

London - 9 Canada

IMPROVED MILITARY SADDLE

The only perfect adjustable
saddle on the market

THE ONE SADDLE WILL FIT ANY HOESE

BEAL BROS., Limited Toronto, Ont.

The Mitchell Woollen Company

Limited

Mitchell - Ontario

MANUFACTURERS OP

Tweeds, Etoffes, Mackinaw,

Rib Underwear,

Fine Cashmere Jerseys and Socks

As Viewed From Ottawa

evil

f ^

'JJ

^--^^^91

The Pen for 1

^ Active Service

Ltermaas^

Mjiipffrr

■*

■■m

rt*>*Si«»S55*iS»:;

L. E. WATERMAN COMPANY, Limited

107 Notre Dame St. West - MONTREAL

TETRAULT SHOE
MANUFACTURING COMPANY

MONTREAL

LARGEST GOODYEAR WELT
MANUFACTURERS IN CANADA

BAR NONE

Manufacturers of

HARNESS

For all classes of Contractor's,
Lumbering and Farm Work.

Highest Quality Carriage Harness

Saddlery and Military
Equipment

Belts, Leggings, Spurs, Whips

Specialize the best Officer's
OVERSEAS TRUNK Made

Your Inquiries Solicited

M. J. WILSON & SONS

OTTAWA

CVIU

The Civilian

The Spartan Machine Company

Limited

Manufacturers of

King Locomotive Packing
d all Piston and Valvc Rod Packings

for High Pressure Steam

1112 ST. PATRICK ST.

MONTREAL

Regent
Knitting Mills

Limited

SWEATERS

DE LUXE
MONTREAL - Canada

THE WATEROUS ENGINE WORKS CO.

LIMITED

BRANTFORD - CANADA

Manufacturers of

Sawmill Machinery Fire Fighting Apparatus

Pulpmill Machinery Road Building Machinery

Engines and Boilers Steel Plate Work

Ask for prices and specifications

^(c^iattt

WELLS BROS. CO. OF CANADA

Manufacturers of

LIMITED

TAPS, DIES and SCREW PLATES
GALT, ONT., Canada

As Viewed From Ottawa

cix

The

Montreal Lithographing
Company, Limited

HIGH CLASS

LITHOGRAPHERS

AND DESIGNERS OF

Calendars Show Cards Labels

Office Stationery

Advertising Playing Cards

Office and Works

Ontario Street and Papineau Avenue
MONTREAL, Canada

Lamontagne Limited

Manufacturers of

Harness, Trunks,
Travelling Bags, Etc.

Contractors to Foreign Governments

Lamontagne Limited

MONTREAL

QUEBEC

BRANCHES
WINNIPEG, Manitoba - 85 Princess St.
QUEBEC, Quebec - - 52 Crown St.

AMERICAN MACHINE

AND

FOUNDRY COMPANY

200 5th Avenue

NEW YORK CITY

The Civilian

General Railway Signal Company

of Canada, Limited

Office and Works
LACHINE, Quebec

706 Notre Dame Investment Building
WINNIPEG, Manitoba

MANUFACTURERS OF

Electrical and Mechanical Interlocking,
Automatic Block Signals

Telephone Selectors Train Order Signals

The Only Canadian Signal Company Actually Manufacturing in Canada

Expert Inspection, Tests and Reports

Canadian Inspection &
Testing Laboratories

Limited

Mill, Shop and Field Inspoction of Bridges and
Structural Work a Specialty; Test of Materials of
Construction; also Mill Inspection of Rails and Track
Supplies; Foundry Inspection of Steel and Iron
Castings of all classes. Timber Inspection at Mills,
etc. Expert Examination and Reports.

Representatives at all important Canadian,
American and European Work. Complete facili-
ties for all classes of Physical Testing and Chemical
Determination.

MAIN LABORATORY

601-611 Canadian Express Building

MONTREAL

Canadian Branches: New Olasgow, N.S.; Toronto;

Winnipeg; Edmonton; Vancouver

and New York

DAVIES, IRWIN

LIMITED

Merchants and Manufacturers

PURE WHITE BEES WAX
PURE YELLOW BEES WAX

PARAFFIN WAX,

and other kinds of Waxes

Also all VEGETABLE
OILS for Soap Making

TURPENTINE

ROSIN

TALLOWS

GREASES

84 Wellington St., Montreal

As Viewed From Ottawa

CXI

KIDNEYS

Why Irregular Kidney Action Spells Suffering

The function of the Kidneys is to purify the blood. Every three minutes the entire blood stream passes through the
Kidneys, which, in health, remove the impurities gathered by the blood in its circulation. But if the Kidneys are not
functioning properly, poison accumulates in the blood, and suffering quickly follows — pains in the back, the sides and the

limbs; the head aches, the urinary system is deranged, the joints and ankles are apt

>S^^'i^^42l5f«w to swell and there is grave danger of rheumatism, sciatica and lumbago.

^2D

CrllV

PILLS

^," - .: ' ■ :■ ;

Try the FREE Sample

If you recognize any of these symptoms, as your own, try Gin Pills — a tried and
tested kidney regulator, endorsed by people all over the country. Make the trial at
our expense. Write for a free sample. Or if you prefer it purchase from any druggist
(50 cents a box, or 6 boxes for $2.50). We will protect you with a guarantee of
money back if you are not satisfied.

PROPRIETARY ARTICLES DEPARTMENT

NATIONAL DRUG & CHEMICAL CO. OF CANADA LIMITED
TORONTO - ONTARIO

Vaseline

PREPARATIONS

Your friends in a hundred troubles

For sale at Drug and Department
Stores, throughout the Dominion.

CHESEBROUGH MFG. COMPANY

(Consolidated)

1880 Chabot Ave. Montreal, Canada

Made in Canada

Send for This Interesting
and Instructive
Book on

TRAVEL

Just
Off

It Is Entirely FREE

the
Press

We expect a greater demand
for this 40 page, illustrated
booklet on travel, than has ever been
known for any other ever pubU:hed for free distribution.

MotherailPs Travel Book tells x ^>u what to take on a jour-
ney and what not to tiike — lio.tr to prfck and how to best care
for your bagjra^e and gives exact i^.iormation as to checking:
facilities, weights, etc., in foreign countries — gives tables of
money vahies — distances from New York — tells wlien, who
and how much, to "tip." In fact this booklet will be found
invaluable to all who travel or are contemplating taking a
trip in this country or abroiid.

Published by the proprietors of the famous Mothersill'a
Seasick Remedy as a practical hand book for travelers.

This edition is limited so we suggest that you send your
name and address at once, and receive a copy. (A postal will
bring it.) Please address our Detroit office for this booklet.

MOTHERSILL REMEDY CO.

Henry Smith BIdg., Detroit, Mich.

Also ,'it 19 St. Bride Street, London, England.

Branches in Mnntroal. New York. I';trin, Milnii ninl TT;iiuhur»

CXll

The Civilian

Avoid unnecessary traffic in the home by
using our Dual Service —

Only One

Meter Reader

Account

Payment

Each Month

when you take both Gas and Electric Supply from us.

THE OTTAWA GAS CO.
THE OTTAWA ELECTRIC CO.

35 Sparks Street OTTAWA Telephone Queen 5000

TELEPHONE 1893

THE

OTTAWA PAPER BOX

COMPANY

Manufacturers of Every Description of

Folding Boxes
Special Envelopes, Etc,

130-132 Queen Street

OTTAWA

Canada

MACKENZIE

LIMITED

Manufacturers of

Camp Outfits

We make a Specialty of

Silk Tents and
Eiderdown Robes

132-136 Lyon Street

OTTAWA - ONTARIO

As Viewed From Ottawa

CXUI

St. Lawrence Iron Foundry Company

Limited

27 Tansley Street

MONTREAL

CANADA

Hawthorn Mills-

Makers of Wool Socks, Blankets,
Face Cloths, and Towelling

ARE CANADIANS LOYAL?

Are we Loyal to Goods MADE IN CANADA ?

FACE CLOTHS, TOWELS and TOWELLING have for years been imported into Canada from the United
States, and are yet to a considerable extent. We manufacture and are marketing through the Wholesale Houses

Knitted Face Cloths Knitted Towels Knitted Towelling

We should not ask you to buy these goods if they were not equally as good as the imported articles. Goods
under the Brand " HAWTHORN KNIT " are superior to any Knitted line imported, being looped on both sides-

SANITARY AND SERVICEABLE.

WHY NOT ASK FOR THEM ?

HAWTHORN MILLS

Carletoh Place, Ontario

cxiv The Civilian

With the Compliments of

Sir John Jackson (Canada) Limited

Engineers and Contractors

604 Royal Trust Building

MONTREAL

VICTORIA, B.C., and LONDON, (Eng.)

CABLE ADDRESS
COFFERDAM, MONTREAL Telephone Mam 9

As Viewed From Ottawa

cxv

JOHNSON & JOHNSON

MANUFACTURERS

Surgical Dressings Ligatures Absorbent Cotton

Medicated and Adhesive Plaster

First Aid Accident Cases

Johnson's Shaving Cream Soap Synol Soap

Johnson's Toilet and Baby Powder

CANADIAN DEPOT--559 Pius IX Ave., Maisonneuve, MONTREAL

Paton Manufacturing Company

Established 1866 Sherbrooke, Quebec

LARGEST WOOLLEN MILLS IN THE DOMINION

Montreal, 325 Board of Trade Bldg. Toronto, 33 Melinda Street

ONE of the Dominion's most important manufacturing establisliments is that of the Paton Manu-
facturing Company of SherVjrooke, who operate the largest woollen and worsted mills in Canada.
The products of these mills consist principally of fancy woollen and worsted cloths for Men's and
Women's wear. They also manufacture sleeping car rugs, rubber fabrics, hosiery, worsted knitting and
fingering yams. The Paton Manufacturing Company's goods are to be found in all parts of the Dominion
from Halifax to Vancouver. The factories cover a large area of land and are situated on the upper dam
of the Magog River. The Company has a paid up capital of $600,000, employs 500 to 600 hands and
pays out annually over $200,000, in wages. The yearly output of the mills is over $700,000. A large
quantity of Canadian wool is used and we understand that this Company will, as soon as the wool is
clipped be in the market for 100,000 lbs. of Eastern Townships wool, and this will afford a cash market
to the farmers. The head office of the Company is in Sherbrooke with branch offices in Montreal and
Toronto. Mr. John Turnbull, of Montreal, is President and Managing Director; and the other directors
are: George M. Loy, D. Forbes Angus, Frank S. Meighen, George H. Smithers, and R. W. Reford;
Manager, W. E. Paton; Secretary, A. D. Brodie.

CXVl

The Civilian

ONE MAN can do as much trucking with this

ELEVATING TRUCK

as several men with several ordinary trucks

It effects enormous savings in time and labor in handling shells or
any other factory product where numerous operations are required.

All material is stacked on the platforms. To move material the truck is backed under
the platform; the handle of the truck is then pushed down, keeping the button depressed,
which raises the truck
bed and with it the
loaded platform, at the
same time automatically
locking if in its raised
position. When hauled
to the desired position
the button is pressed
and t he handle is raised,
lowering the platform
to the floor. The truck
is then drawn from
underneath and is ready
to move another plat-
form. Raising and
lowering of the Truck
can be operated with
one hand only.

Can be raised or
lowered at any angle.

We shall be pleased
to submit prices and
give any particulars
required.

The Chapman Double Ball Bearing Company

of Canada, Limited
339-351 Sorauren Avenue - Toronto, Canada

Transmission Ball Bearing Company, Inc., 32 Wells Street, Buffalo, N.Y.

MONTREAL
STENCIL
WORKS

I Stencils, Steel, Brass and Rub)»er Stamps, Brass \

J Signs, Numbering Machines, Check Protectors, [

! Time Stamps, Notary and Corporation Seals,

\ Time and Baggage Checks, etc.

221-223 McGill Street
MONTREAL

Telephone Main 1434

JOHN S. EAGLES <a COMPANY

140 Union Street «.mu„c™ ~ o^_^..^ .» ST. JOHN. N.B.

As \'iEWED From Ottawa

cxvn

P. BURNS & COMPANY, Limited

HEAD OFFICE - CALGARY, ALBERTA

Packers and Provisioners

Live Stock Dealers

MANUFACTUKEKS AND PROPRIETORS OF

"Shamrock Brand" "^^'*- ''•'™''' ''■''"'• '■^^''-'*'^'

BUTTER, EGGS and POULTRY.

The BRAND that guarantees quaUty in product — prepared under the most
sanitary and modern methods.

Packing Houses— CALGARY, EDMONTON, VANCOUVER

Wholesale and Retail Markets throughout Alberta and British Columbia All Houses under Government Inspection

BATES & INNES, Limited

MANUFACTURERS OF

Paper and Pulp Mill Machine Felts
and Wool Blanketing

Eor Printers, Lithographers, P^ngravers, Etc.; also

Wool Ribbed Men's Underwear

^P^^^^ Ottawa Valley Brand

aoeV^^^mIpk j^.jj^ ^^ Carleton Place, Ontario

UNSHRINKABLE

CXVlll

The Civilian

Telephone Main 2436

Established 1843

SMITH BROS.

Manufacturers of

Wagons, Lorries and
Motor Truck Bodies

Emergency and Hospital Motor Ambu-
lances Built to Order

SPECIALTIES

Brewer's Wagons, Lorries and Drays,
and all kinds of Delivery Wagons

Street Sprinklers and Fire Apparatus
including Chemical Engines

Corner Duke and
Parliament Streets

TORONTO

COY BROTHERS

ST. CATHARINES

Carry the largest stock of

SHELF and HEAVY

HARDWARE

PAINT, OILS and

CONTRACTORS'

SUPPLIES

in the Niagara District

Astoria and Liberty

SHOES

Are built on lasts that com-
bine comfort and style for
the business man and the
young man.

Every wearer becomes a
booster.

Get into a pair and be happy.

Scott-Chamberlain

Limited
LONDON - ONTARIO

Mattress Specialists

If you want real comfort at night. Write us.

We specialize and make to order High Grade Box
Springs, Hair and Felt Mattresses of every kind.

Let your nejct Mattress be a " QUALITY."
Write for Prices and Terms.

The Quality Mattress Company

Waterloo, Ontario

As Viewed From Ottawa

CXIX

Pembroke Iron Works Limited

JAS. F. MUNRO, President

THOMAS PINK, Vice-President

Directors— E. A. DUNLOP, HUGH GRANT. W. L. HUNTER

PEMBROKE

ONTARIO

Canadian Brakeshoe Co.

Limited

Manufacturers of

REINFORCED BRAKESHOES

HIGH GRADE STEEL CASTINGS

MANGANESE STEEL CASTINGS

BRONZE CASTINGS

CAR JOURNAL BEARINGS

ENGINE BRASSES

H. & E. LIFTING JACKS

HYDRAULIC PIT BOGIES

AND RAILWAY SPECIALTIES

Sherbrooke

Quebec

The

Sherbrooke Iron Works

Limited

Iron and

Brass

Founders

and

Machinists

Sherbrooke - Quebec

cxx

The Civilian

USE "DOMINION"
ABRASIVE WHEELS

EXOLITE WHEELS

for precision grinding, tools, and
general work.

CARBOLOX WHEELS

for Cast Iron, Brass, and all metals
of low tensile strength.

Manufactured by

Dominion Abrasive Wheel Co.

MIMICO,

Limited

ONTARIO,

CANADA.

STANDARD MARBLE
and TILE COMPANY

LIMITED

Marble Onyx
and Tiles

Marble Mill and Head Office
BRIDGEBURG - ONT.

Toronto Office
EXCELSIOR LIFE BUILDING

MACKINNON, HOLMES & CO.

LIMITED

Civil and Mechanical Engineers
Manufacturers and Contractors

SHERBROOKE

QUEBEC

Steel Plate and Structural Work

of every description

BRIDGES TANKS

BUILDINGS
TOWERS CARS

SMOKE STACKS
BINS PENSTOCKS

AIR RECEIVERS

First class and up-to-date Hydraulic Press
Equipment for forging plugs, sockets, shells and
otner such articles.

Prompt Deliveries and Satisfaction Assured

Shoes With Character

ABE THE

" Doctor's Anticeptic "
and "Professor Cushion Sole"

Carried by moat good jobbers

Tebbutt Shoe & Leather Company, Limited

THREE RIVERS - QUEBEC

IMPERIALISM stands for the highest
IDEALS OF CITIZENSHIP

IMPERIAL BRAND CLOTHES

stand for the HIGHEST IDEAS OF DRESS

Made as perfectly as skill and work-
manship can. Tailored by the
Imperial Clothing Mfg. Co., Toronto

On sale at all first class Clothing Stores

As Viewed From Ottawa

cxxi

THE

Ontario Hughes, Owens Co.

LIMITED

Direct Importers and Agents
for all kinds of

Scientific and Mathematical Instruments

Chemical and Bacteriological Apparatus

Surgical Instruments

Drawing and Artists Materials

Sole Agents for

COOKE SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

REPAIR WORK A SPECIALTY

529 Sussex Street

OTTAWA

Phone Q. 8028

Bank Fittings Office Fittings
Sash and Doors

Rough and Dressed

LUMBER

Established 1882

THE J. T. SCHELL CO.

ALEXANDRIA, ONT.

Very Comfortable and Smart

MADE IN
BLACK or TAN
CALF LEATHER

The Ntu> Englith Walking Shoe Model
MADE BY

Perth Shoe Company, Limited

PERTH - ONTARIO

Ask Your Dealer to show you the Perth Style*

Zenith Machine
Company, Limited

Munition
Manufacturers

MIDLAND - ONTARIO

The Civilian

LONDON A"" LANCASHIRE LIFE

'"B GENERAL ASSURANCE ASSOCIATION Ltd

OF LONDON, ENGLAND

Established 1862 Assets Exceed $22,000,000

CANADIAN DIKECTOBATE

A. J. Dawes, Ksq. H. B. Mackenzie, Esq.

E. F. Hebden, Esq. K. C. Pratt, Esq.

BRANCHES THBOUGHOUT THE DOMINION

Head Office tor Canada
Association's Building, 164 St. James Street, Montreal

ALEX. BISSETT, Manaqek for Canada.

E. S. MATTICE

PRESIDENT

A. W. K. MASSEY

■ MANAGER

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING COMPANY

LIMITED

Consulting and Designing Engineers

503-507 New Birks Building

STRUCTURAL STEEL MONTREAL

REINFORCED CONCRETE

FOUNDATIONS

ATLAS CONSTRUCTION CO.

LIMITED

ENGINEERS and CONTRACTORS

Our record of buildings completed
on time, with rigid adherence to
spocifications, speaks for itself.

37 Belmont Street

MONTREAL

UPTOWN 6970

The James Shearer Company

LIMITED

GENERAL CONTRACTORS

Factory Buildings a Specialty

Dealers in Lumber and Timber of all kinds, Mculd-
ings, Beaver Board, etc. Send to us for quotations.

OFFICE and YARDS

225 St. Patrick Street

MONTREAL

WILSON & LAFLEUR, Limited

LAW BOOKSELLERS
BOOKBINDERS

19 St. James

MONTREAL

Satisfaction Guaranteed

Bell Tel. St. Louis 6097

A. KELLY

GENERAL BUILDER

Specialty — Carpenter and Joiner's Work

JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO

2136 St. Denis Street

MONTREAL

Bartnell, Ximlteb, riDontreai

BUILDING SUPPLIES

"R.I.W." Protective Paints and Compounds (Made in Canada)

To Damp-proof exposed Brick and Concrete Walls, before plastering, use
"R.I.W." No. 232.

For Backing Limestone, Marble and Granite, to prevent staining, use
"R.I.W." No. 110.

For Bridges and Structural Steel, use "Tockolith" and "R.I.W." Paints.

On exposed Brick and Concrete Walls, use " Liquid Konkerit."

For Lighthouses and work exposed to sea air, use "Flex-Sicco" Paint.

To prevent Concrete Floors dusting, making them Oil and Waterproof, use
** Cement Filler *' and " Cement Floor Paint.**

L. COHEN & SON

DREDGING and
GENERAL CONTRACTORS

MONTREAL

As Viewed From Ottawa

cxxui

Quality Clothes

Sold by reputable merchants

FROM COAST TO COAST

6000 PAIRS EACH WEEK is the output of

CROWN PANTS

We make " Every tiling in Pants "
VALUES THAT DEFY COMPETITION

The Crown Pants Company

Head Office and Main Factory

322 Notre Dame Street West - MONTREAL

PRINCELY TROUSERS

We are the largest exclusive
manufacturers of trousers for men
in every walk of life. Our make,
style and fit rank second to none.

We specialize on military ^__^
trousers and riding breeches, princely obano

Berman Bros. & Company

Head Office
MONTREAL

Branch
VALLEYFIELD

BELL TEL. MAIN 2439

Yorkshire Importing Company

WHOLESALE WOOLLENS and
TAILORS' TRIMMINGS

324 St. Lawrence Boulevard MONTREAL

A. RUDOLPH, Proprietor

P. GOLDENBERG & CO.

(Registered)

Pants Manufacturers

324 Notre Dame St. West
MONTREAL

Phpiie. Main 1998

— THE —

Strathcona Garment Mfg. Co.

Specialists on Shells and Lined
Coats for the Fur Trade

324 St. Lawrence Blvd. MONTREAL, P.Q.

^be Jf reebman Company

Mboleeale Clotbino
flDanufacturers

Military Uniforms a Specialty

41 MAYOR ST.

MONTREAL

High Grade Civil and Uniform Cloth Caps

H. WEITZER

MAKER and DESIGNER

Dominion of Canada Government Contractor

74 Dorchester Street West
Telephone Main 4123 MONTREAL

CXXIV

The Civilian

BUCKLEY HATS

ENGLAND'S BEST

THE BUCKLEY DROUIN CO., LIMITED

SOLE AGENTS FOR CANADA

^'ROYAL"

METAL POLISH

"ROYAL"

Stands for the best there is in
METAL POLISH.

Made in Canada. Once used always
used. Every Package Guaranteed by

ROYAL POLISHES CO.

MONTREAL - Canada

Telephones Main 1352 - 1106

CUNNINGHAM & WELLS

LIMITED

Cartage Contractors

Office, 31 Common St. - MONTREAL

Bruce Stewart & Co., Limited

Manufacturers of

STEAM ENGINES and BOILERS

Charlottetown

P. E. Island

FOR "MADE IN CANADA"

AND WELL MADE PAPERS

BOND PAPERS, BOOK PAPERS, WRITING
PAPERS, WRAPPING PAPERS, Etc., write the

Canada Paper Co.,

TORONTO

LIMITED

MONTREAL
=:== TRADE

WINDSOR MILLS, P.Q.
MARK —

ESTABLISHED 1864

RUBENSTEIN BROS.

GOLD, SILVER AND NICKEL PLATERS
BRASS FOUNDERS AND ENGRAVERS

Manufacturers of P. O. Lock Boxes
Light House Reflectors made-to-order

41 Craig Street West

MONTREAL

TELEPHONE MAIN 860

W. J. HESSON & CO.

LUMBER, LATH, SHINGLES

and all kinds of Building Material

479 Bay Street

P.O. Box 636

SAULT STE. MARIE

ONTARIO

Canadian Glove Company

Limited

Manufacturer* of

GLOVES, MITTENS
and MOCASSINS

WINNIPEG

Manitoba

As Viewed From Ottawa

cxxv

HAVE
YOU

INSURANCE

ON THE CONTENTS OF YOUR HOUSE ?

IF NOT KING OR CALL

COURTNEY & SEARS

193 Sparks Street - OTTAWA

TELEPHONE QUEEN 127
P. S. ALSO ACCIDENT AND SICKNESS, Etc.

Grand's Typewriter Supply Limited

Commercial Chambers, 139>^ Sparks St.
Opposite Citizen Building - OTTAWA

SOLE AGENTS

Peerless Brand Carbon Paper and Typewriter Ribbons; Rones
Duplicators; Elliott Addressing Machines; Edison Dictating
IVIachines; Standard Envelope Sealers; Lightning Letter
Openers; Office Furniture and Supplies.

T_U..l.»..» n..»«n 109 when you want up-to-date office
telephone yueen Dii .quipmcnt— Time saving devices

J. & T. BALLANTYNE, Limited

HIGH GRADE

COAL

42 ELGIN ST. - OTTAWA, Ont.

PHONE QUEEN 1441

Auburn Woollen Company

LIMITED

JAMES KENDREY

President and Managing Director

Peterborough

Canada

PRITCHARD -ANDREWS CO.

ENGRAVERS AND DIE SINKERS
MEMORIAL TABLETS

FOR CHURCHES AND HALLS

IN BRASS OR BRONZE

264 Sparks St.

SEND FOR CUTS

OTTAWA

I. B. SHAFFNER CO.

LIMITED

FLOUR
FEED

HALIFAX

GRAIN
PRODUCE

Nova Scotia

S. & H. BORBRIDGE

Phone R. 483 88 Rideau St., OTTAWA

When in need of a good

Trunk or Travelling Bag

we can supply you, being actual manufacturers, also
repair.s to leather goods of all kinds.

Send your boy in the trenches a pair of our
Special Long Leg, Full Sole and Heel Moccasins,

they will be appreciated.

Naval and Military Contractors

WENTZELLS LIMITED

Wholesale Grocers
HALIFAX

NOVA SCOTIA

CXXVl

The CiviiiiAN

■MmMi^pmi^\

n >«K rvi 1 1_-7- ^ rsi

Manufacturers of

Electric Fixtures

Nothing yet devised begins to compare with a
good ELECTRIC WASHING and WRINGING
MACHINE for lightening Household Laljor, and

SEAFOAM and NEW IDEA Electric

Machines made by

CUMMER -DOWSWELL, Limited,

are " the " Good ones. HAMILTON, Ont.

National Machinery &, Supply Go.

HAMILTON

ONT.

LIMITED

MADE IN

CANADA

Ma ufacturers of

Machinist and Wood Workers' Tools

BUY A

BUSTER
BROWN
WAGON

For the Kiddies

Manufactured by The Woodsfock Wagon & Mfg. Co., Ltd.

WOODSTOCK ONTARIO

Also manufacturers of a full line of Farm and Freight
Wagons, Lorries, Sleighs, Dump Carts and Dump Wagons

— THE —

GARLAND

MANUFACTURING COMPANY

LIMITED

Manufacturers of Specialties in

IRON

- STEEL -

Telephone 154

BRASS

HAMILTON

CANADA

R. A. BRECKENRIDGE

OWEN SOUND

UPHOLSTER and MATTRESS
MANUFACTURERS

Sawyer-Massey Company

Limited

Builders of the Premier Line of Steam and Gas
Tractors, Threshers and Road Making Machinery

ESTABLISHED 1836

Head Office and Factory, HAMILTON, Canada

Branch Offices and Warehouses

Winnipeg, Manitoba; Regina, Saskatchewan; Saskatoon,

Saskatchewan; Calgary, Alberta; and

Buenos Aires, Argentina.

— ASK FOR —

St. (3eoxQC IBxanb

UNSHRINKABLE UNDERWEAR

MADE IN CANADA

Schofield Woollen Co., Limited

OSHAWA - ONT.

As Viewed From Ottawa

cxxvii

Catering and Manufacturing Confectioners

COLES

Banquets Teas Weddings

The smallest as well as the largest orders attended to
— The Address —

269 Yonge St. - TORONTO

KEITHS Limited

Heating, Ventilating, Plumbing, Refrigerating,

Sprinkler Systems, Electrical Wiring,

Vacuum Cleaning Systems.

EiNGIlVEERS ANi>

Contractors

207 Camphkll, Avbnue

Toronto

BATTALION COLOURS

EXECUTED IN THE MOST ARTISTIC
STYLE BY THE EXPERT REGALIA
MANUFACTURERS

MORTIMORE & BLACKEBY

6€ and 68 Howard Street

TORONTO, Ont.

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