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CLAVIS ANGLICA 
LINGUA BOTANICA; 


O-R A 


BOTANICAL 
LEXICON; 


IN WHICH 


The Terms of Borany, particularly 
thofe occurring in the Works of 
, Linna@us, and other modern 
» Writers; 
ARE 
APPLIED, DERIVED, EXPLAINED, 
CONTRASTED, and EXEMPLIFIED. 


' é 


1 Kr NGS IVs. 53. 
Waba awy msm ovyyordy sa?) 
“ypa NY? WR AUNT Ey, 
: = a 
LAO M.D, .0.Ni (Bi oe baw, 
: Printed for the AuTHOR. Ghia 8 4\5 4 
Sold by T. Becket, and A. pe Honor, in the Sie s 
and Mefl. Hawts, Crarke, and Co.tuins, Pas 
Pater-nofter-row. 


MDC. ly Xx. 


T Qo 
JOHN HOPE, M.D. 


Fellow of the Royat CoLiecs 
of Puysicrans, and ProFrgessor 
of Borany and Mepicine in 
the Univerfity of Edinburgh. 


td. 

® F I have made any progrefs in the 
| ufeful and amufing ftudy of Bo- 
tany, it muft be chiefly attributed 
to the inftruétion which I imbibed 
from your lectures ; to whom there- 
fore, could I, with equal propriety, 
infcribe this volume, as to him, who, 
in reality, is the caufe of its exift- 
ence? 

a2 CoMMONLY 


vs DEDTC AT? Oct 


CommMon-y the defign of an au- 
thor, in his dedication, is to exhibit 
to the world a flattering portrait of 
his patron: acuftom proceeding pro- 
bably from a perfuafion, that man- 
kind in general are delighted paith 
praife, and mot offended by adulation ; 
or from a fuppofition, that the virtues, 
real or imaginary, of the perfonage, 
under whofe aufpices the author ap- 
pears, will reflect fome luftre on him- 
felf. Whatfoever may be his motive, 
he is certainly miftaken in the effe& ; 
by afcribing fuch fuperlative excel- 
lence to humanity, he exceeds the li- 
mits of human nature, and, inftead 
of a juft refemblance, prefents us with 
a perfect moniter. The natural con- 
fequence, however, of this prevalent 
cuftom i is, that mankind are taught to 

regard 


DEDICATION. vw 


regard the praife of a dedication as 
mere words of courfe, which cannat 
therefore in any degree exalt their 
ideas either of the auther or his pa- 


tron. 


Turse confiderations are fufficient 
to overpower my inclination to expa- 
tiate, as with truth I might, on your 
improvement of the fcience of Bo- 
tany in this univerfity, and on what 
may be ftill expected from your 
knowledge, affiduity, and inclination : 
with regard particularly to the laft, 
the gold medal, with which you are 
pleafed annually to reward the ftudent 
who prefents the beft hortus ficcus, is 
a better teftimony than any thing I 
could fay upon the fubjec. 


SINCE 


vi DEDICATIOA&R. 


Since the general admiffion of the 
Linnean fyftem, an explanation of 
botanical terms, in the form of a dic- 
tionary, feems to have been univerfal- 
ly defired: it is therefore wonderful 
that none of our noted Botanifts fhould 
hitherto have obliged us in this parti- 
cular. For'want of fuch a work, a 
Profeflor of Botany is under a necef- 
fity of devoting a confiderable part of 
his courfe to the mere explanation of 
words; a part which is certainly the 
leaft agreeable to himfelf, and leaft 
entertaining to his pupils: if this Le- 
xicon fhould be found, in any degree, 
to fuperfede that neceffity, I fthall 
think myfelf fufficiently rewarded for 
my labour. 


DEDICATION. vii 


I wis it had been in my power to 
have rendered it lefs imperfect, and 
confequently lefs unworthy your ac- 
ceptance ; but my prefent indifpen~ 
fable application to a ftudy of which 
Botany is but a branch, obliged me 
to finifh the work in lefs time than 
I could have wifhed; neverthelefs, 
I flatter myfelf that you will not find 
many material omiffions, or capital 
miftakes. 


Your permiffion to prefix your 
name to this epiftle, is a proof that 
you think the book may be of fome 
utility, which cannot fail to fecure 
me a favourable reception from the 
public; for this permiffion therefore, 
I thank you moft fincerely, and in 

the 


vii DEDICATION: 


the flattering perfuafion that you will 
continue to honour me with your 
friendfhip, beg leave to fubfcribe 
myfelf; 


Your méft obedient; 


and bumble Jervvane; 


Edinburgh, t 
jan. 1. 1764. 


Joun BERKENHOUT: 


PPR ORE AOE 


Hen I began the ftudy of Botany, 

T could not help lamenting the 

want of an ample explanation of botani- 
cal terms, arranged and digefted in fome 
fuch manner as in the volume which I 
herewith prefume to offer to the public, 
as it was eafy to conceive that fuch an af- 
fiftant would greatly facilitate the ftudy 
in which I had engaged. 1 fought in vain 
among the numerous tribe of our techni- 
cal dictionaries for an explanation of a 
language, which, in a great meafure, owes 
its exiftence to Linneus, the father of 
modern Botany. That diftinguifhed na-" 
turalift has, indeed, favoured us with a 
Latin explanation of many of his terms in 
his Philofopbia Botanica, but, fince the pu- 
blication of that work, he has added a very 


confiderable number of words, ufed in a 
b fenfe 


x PORE OF Aa 


fenfe peculiar to himfelf, which remain 
hitherto unexplained. Part of the Pd- 
lofopbia Botanica has been tranflated into 
Englifh, under the title of an Tutroduétion 
to Botany; but that tranflation is lefs 
ufeful than it might have been, if the 
tranflator had not given himfelf the trou- 
ble to anglicife (if I may be allowed the 
expreffion) the terms themfelves; a very 
ufelefs attempt, as there is hardly a fingle 
botanical book, of any repute, in the Enge- 
lifh language; Latin is the eftablithed 
language of Botany in all nations. 


THERE is perhaps no circumftance 
which would be of greater advantage to 
the fcience of Botany in particular, than 
that of fixing an abfolute fignification to 
all its terms : this is hardly to be expected 
in a firft attempt 5 but there is a poffibi- 
lity that fuch an attempt may become the 
foundation of a more perfect fuperftruc- 
Say af ture. 


Pik? EF? Ae GE: xi 


ture. With this view I take the liberty to 
requeit of the more experienced botanitts, 
that where-ever they find me to have erred 
in the explanation of a term, they will 
pleafe to communicate their correction in 
a line, directed for me, to the care of the 
publifhers; and, how difpleafed foever 
mankind in general may be when fhewn 
their errours, in this particular inftance 
T affure them, that I fhall very fincerely 
acknowledge the obligation. There are 
fome few words, the precife meaning of 
which, Lown, I do not comprehend; as for 
example, Acutum & Obtufum, applied to 
Perianthium. Of thefe, efpecially the firft, 
the reader may find repeated examples in 
the clafs Pentandria, in the Genera Planta- 
rum: concerning thefe in particular, I 
fhould be glad to be better informed. If 
_ they do not refer to the fhape of the Calyx 
before the expanfion of the flower, I fee 


no 


ii. POR EA Fr Ar OF ER 
no meaning in them at all; and yet there 
are fome objections to this explication. 


I cannot, in juttice, neglect to acknow- 
ledge my obligation to my worthy friend 
Mr Arruur Lee *, for his kind affift- 
ance; a gentleman who will be a fingular 
credit to this univerfity, and a bleffing to 
to that country in which he fhall hereafter 
practife the healing art. 


Tue reader will eafily do me the juftice 
to believe, that vanity could have no in- 
fluence in perfuading me to the publica- 
tion of a work, the compofition of which 
required neither genius nor learning. — 


* A native of Virginia; he obtained Dr Hore’s 
prize-medal, for the beft hortus ficcus in the year 
1763. 


CLAVIS 


FASE ROSNER FOR, 
POMOC COC 8} 
bX ah FON t Egiyaoe Med 
ath rant Vrantt Ces Rear Ceanth 


SAVVIS “AN GLICA 


LINGUZ BOTANICA. 


BBREVIATUM Perianthium, when 

A the Perianthium is fhorter than the tube 

of the Corolla, oppofed to Loxgum ; 
exemplified in the Pulmonaria maritima. 


ABORTIENS Fils, a term ufed by former 
botanifts ; Steriiis of Tournefort ; AZa/culus of 
Linnzus ; Paleaceus of Ray. See Mafculus, By - 
Abortiens, Sterilis, &c. former botanifts meant 
fuch flowers as produced no fruit. Linnzus, 
finding this to be generally owing to their being 
male flowers, changed the term to mafculus ; 
but in the clafs Dzoecia it will often be the cafe 
svith female flowers, if they have no male near. 
See Phil. Tranf. val. 47. p. 169. 

ABRUPTUM Folum pinnatum [ex abrum- 

A por, 


AC 


por, to’ be broken] terminatum neque cirrho, ne- 
que foliolo; ending abruptly withaut either ten- 
dvil or leaf, 


ACAULIS Herba [3 priv. & caulis] without 
ftem, oppofed to Caulefcens, 


ACEROSUM Folium [ex acus, chaff ] off l- 
neare perfifiex:, linear and perfifting ; furround- 
ed at the bafe by chaffy /guame, as in the Pi- 
nus, Abies, Funiperus, Taxus, 


ACICULARIS [ab acicula, a pin, or fmall 
needle] fmail and iharp pointed. The trivial 
name of a {pecics of a. Scirpus. 


ACINACIFORME [acinaces, a Perfian {cy- 
mitar] effccmpreffum carnofum, altero margine con- 
vexo angufto, aitera reciiore craffiore, “This term 


implies fubftance, one edge of the leaf being 


convex and fharp, and the. other rather 
firaighter and thicker, as in the Méefembryan- 
themum acinaciforme. 


ACINI , the {mall berries which compofe a 


' mulberry, the berry of the bramble, &e, 


ACOTYLEDONES [a priv. & Cotyl.] A 
term of Flacentation, applied to thofe plants — 
whofe — 


AC 


whofé feeds have no Cotyledons, as in, the 
Mufci, See Cotyleden, 


ACULEI [ab ’Axs, cu/pis, a point] prickles ; 
a fpecies of /rma on the furface of fome plants 
given them for their defence againft certain ani-* 
mals, as in the Volkamerie,. Pifonia, Hugonia,i 
Gafalpina, Mimofa, Parkinfonia, &c. Aculei: 
are either reéfi, incurvi, or recurvi, and are 
fixed only in the rind, fo as to be feparable 
from the plant without tearing its fubftance.’ 


ACULEATUS Caulis, Folium [ab aculeus, a 
fting} befet with ftiff, fharp prickles ; between 
hifpidus and fpinofus: cum acumina pungentia 11, 
gida occupant difcum : furnifhed with Aculer, 
whigh fee. 


ACUMINATUM Folium [ab acuo, to fharp- 
en] terminating in a long tapering point, quod 
terminatur in apice fubslate. 

Acuminatus Calyx, as in the. Itea. 


ACUTUM Folium [acuo, to whet], quod termi 
natur angulo acuto, fays Linnzus, 7. e. termina- 
ting in an acute angle, different from acumina- 
tum, in not running out into a fubulated point. 
Acutum Perianthium, asin the Primula, An- 

adroface, Daétylis, Conocarpus, Campanula, &c. 
A 2 AD- 


ho DA 
ADNATUM Folium [ad, & nafcor, to be born, 


to grow] growing clofe to the ftem. | conceive 
no difference between this term and Adpreffum, 
unlefs it implies adhefion. 

Adnate Stipule, growing clofe to the plant, 
oppofed to Solute ; exemplified in the Rofa, 
Rubus, \Potentilla, Comarum, Melianthus. 

Adnatus Stylus, adhering to the Corolla, as in 
the Canna, 


ADPRESSA Folia [ad, to, & preffus, prefled] 
the difk of the leaves approaching the ftem fo 
as almoft to touch it; dum difcus folii approxima- 
tur caull, fays Linnzus, in his explanation ; but 
the word itfelf properly implies being preffed 
clofe to the ftem. 


ADSCENDENS Caulis ; afcending, 7. ¢. 
growing firft in a horizontal dire&tion, and 
‘then gradually curving upwards. 


ADVERSUM Foltum ; quod latus meridiet ob- 
vertit, turned towards the fouth, as are thofe 
of the Amomum. 


ADULTERINUS, baftard, as Acorus adulte- 
rinus, baftard Acorus, the Iris pfeudacorus fo 
called by Bauhinus < fynon. with P/eudo. 


pt EQUA. 


AG 
FEQUALIS Polygamia, equal, The firft 


order in the clafs Syngenefia of Linnzus, con- 
fitting of thofe plants in the compofition of 
whofe flowers all the flofeult are hermaphre- 
dite. 

Aqualis Corolla, equal; 7. ¢. where the parts 
are equal as to figure, magnitude, and propor- 
tion, as in the Primula, Limo/fella. 

#qualis Calyx, as in the Utricularia, 


AGGREGATUS Fibs, [aggrege, to affem- 
ble.] Flowers are called Aggregate, when, by 
means of fome part of the fructification, many 
Flofeuli are fo united that none of them could 
be taken away without deftroying the uniformi- 
ty of the whole. The part which in aggregate 
flowers is Common to the whole, is either the 
Receptaculum ox Calyx, Aggregate flowers are 
principally divided into feven kinds, viz. Uny- 
bellatus, Cymofus, Compofitus, Aggregatus proper- 
dy fo called, Amentaceus, Glumofus, Spadiccus. 
Aggregatus Flos, properly fo called, is that 
which has a dilated Receptaculum, with Flofcul: 
ftanding on Pedunculi. For Aggregata Radix, 
fee Granulata. 

Aggregate frellares Pubefcentiz, a {pecies of 
fetaceous pubefcence, on the furface of fome 
plants, in which the larger /felle produce fmal- 

ler 


¥ 


AL 


Jer ones on the afex of cach feta, asin the 4- 
lyffum, Heleres. 

Aggregate, an order of plants in the Frag: 
menta method! naturalis of Linnzus, containing 
thefe genera, viz. Statice, Protea, Leucadendras, 
Hebenfiretia, Brunia, Cephalanthus, &c. 


ALA, a wing ; the two lateral petala of a’ 
papilionaceous corella ; alfo a membrane fixed 
to fome fpecies of feeds by which they fly and 
difperfe. Ufed by former botanifts to exprefs 
the angle formed by the {tem and branch or 
leaf. See Axillare. 


ALARIS Pedunruius,[.4lo]. See. frilloris, 


ALATUS Petéolus [ala,.a wing] winged ; not 
linear, but f{preading to each fide with little 
membranous wings, as in Aurantiym, and He- 
dyfarum. 


ALBA Laéefcentia, white, as in the Eu-- 
phorbia, Papaver, Ajclipias, Apocynum, Cynanchum, 
Campanula, & Semifiofculofi of Tournefort. 


ALBURNUM {albes, white] The white 
fubftance which lies between the inner bark 
and the wood, in trees ; called by fome Adeps 
arbsrum : it is clofely conneéted with the Liber, 

and 


AL 


and to be feparated from it with difficulty, 


ALG, one of the feven families, or 
tribes, in the vegetable kingdom, defined by 
Linnzeus to be-fuch.as have their root, leaves, 
and ¢audex all in 6ne, comprehending fea- 
weeds, and fome other aquatic . plants, In 
Tournefort they conftitute the fecond genus 
of the 2d fection of clafs xvii: and are divided 
into nine fpecies. In the Sy/fema Nature of 
Linneus they. conftitute the rhird order in the 
clafs Cryptogamia, are divided into terre/ires, and 
aquatice, the firft comprehending bie genera, 
and the latter fix. 

Alse, an order of plants in the FPragmenta me> 


- thodi naturalis of Linneus.. 


ALTERNATIVE fetiolares Gemme (for al- 
terna) alternate ; as in the Salix, Spirea, Geni- 
Jia, Solanum, Ilix, “Fuglans, &c. 

Alternative ftipulacee Gemme, as in the Popu- 
lus, Tilia, Ulmus, Quercus &e. 

Alternative ftipulaceo:petiolares Gemma, as in 
the Sorbus, Crataegus, Prunus, &c. 


ALTERNI Rami, Folia; alternate branehes, 
leaves, &c. oppofed to oppofiti ; growing not 
oppofite to each other, cum unum po/? alterum 
tanquam per gradus exit. 


AMEN- 


AM 
AMENTACEE [4mentum] An order of 


plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin- 
nus, containing the following genera, viz. 
Piftacia, Myrica, Alnus, Betula, Salix, Populus; 
Platanus, Carpinus, Corylus, Fuglans, Quercus, 
Fagus. 

Amentaceus Flos, an aggregate flower having a 
receptaculum filiforme with amentaceous {cales, 


AMENTUM [ab aupe, vinculum, a bond 
or thong] the Calyx fo called, when, proceed- 
ing from a common receptacle, it is alternate- 
jy mixed with the flowers, fomewhat like the 

‘chaff in an ear of corn. Linneus defines it 
py the compound word paleaceo-gemmaceo. It is 
termed by former botanifts a Fulus, and in 
Englifh a Cathkin. It occurs frequently in the 
elafs Monoecia. It is the Nucamentum, and Ca- 
tulus of fome writers. 


\ 


AMPLEXICAULE Folium [ampleétor, ta 
embrace, and caulis, a tem] fi bafs folii undi- 
gue ambiat latera caulis tranfverfim, the bafis of 
the leaf entirely furrounding the ftem tranf- 
verfely. Diftinguifhed from Vaginaus by the 
word tranfverfim : exemplified in the Potamoge- 
ton perfoliatum, Vexbafcum blattaria, Hyofcyamus 


niger. 


AN- 


AN 


ANGEPS Caulis, two-edzed ; forming two op- 
pofite acute angles, of which the Si/yrinchium is 
anexample. “The Anceps may have many more 
angles, but then they will be all obtufe, except 
the two oppofite ones which conftitute the an- 
ceps. When applied to a leaf, it implies fub- 
ftance, and fignifies its having two oppofite 
longitudinal angles with a convex difk. 


ANDROGYNA Planta [ex avig, vir, a 
man, & yu», mulier, A woman] fuch plants as 
bear both male and female flowers on the fame 
root, as in the clafs Monoecia. 


ANGULATUS 3—10 Caulis: angulated, 
oppofed to teres, femiteres, compreffus, &c. 


ANGUSTIFOLIA [angu/tus, narrow, & fa- 


lium, a leaf]. Narrow leaved. 


ANGYOSPERMIA [ayfe, vas, a veffel]. 
The fecond order in the clafs Didynamia of 
Linnzus: it confifts of thofe plants, of that 
clafs, whofe feeds are inclofed in a Pericarpium. 
In this order the ftigma is generally obtufe. 
Thefe are the Perfonati of Tournefort. 


ANNUA Radix, [ab annus, a year] an an- 
nual root ; that which lives but one year. 
B : ANOMAL/E 


AP 
ANOMALE Gemme [ex a priv. & ouaars, 


@qualis] irregular, as in the Abies, Pinus, 
Taxus, &c. oppofed to Oppofitive, and Alterna- 


tive. 


ANTHERA [from ave, fos, a flower] 
that part of the Stamen which is fixed on the 
top of the Filamentum, within the Corolla; it 
contains the Pollen, or fine duft, which, when 
mature, it emits for the impregnation of the 
plant, according to Linnzus. Authere are ei- 
ther diftinéte, connate; loculi, or apertura. 
The Apex of Ray, Tournef. & Rivin. Cap/ula 
fiaminis, of Malpigh. 


APERTURA, an aperture; the minute 
opening in fome {pecies of Anthere. 


APETALUS Flos [a, priv. & petalum]. Ha- 
ving no corolla. Stamineus, Ray; Incompletus, 
Vaillant; Imperfecius, & Capillaceus, other Bo- 
tanifts: exemplified in the Lepidium ruderale, 


APEX Folit [ditt. ab apzendo, i. e. ligando] 
the top or fummit ; the upper extremity of the 
leaf oppofite to the bafs. A leaf, refpecting 
its apex, may be truncatum, premorfum, retufum, 
emarginatum, obtufum, acuium, acuminatum, or 
cirrbofum. 


APHYLLUS: 


AR 


APHYLLUS Caulis; [from a, and varo» 
falium, a leaf} deftitute of leaves, 


APOPHYSIS [ab «xo, & ovo, nafcor, to grow 
from] an excrefcence from the Receptaculum of 
the Mufci : it is marginata in the Sphagnum. 


APPENDICULATUS Petiolus [appendicula, 
dim. ab appendix, a little appendage] hanging at 
the extremity of the ftem. 


APPROXIMATA Folia; leaves growing 
near each other, oppofed to Remota. 


ARBOR, a tree. Trees are by Linnzus 
claffed in the feventh family of the vegetable 
kingdom, and are diftinguifhed from fhrubs in 
that their ftems come up with buds on them: 
but this diftinétion holds not univerfally, there 
being rarely any buds on the large trees in In- 
dia. According to Ludwig, Arbor eff planta 
que truncum fimplicem et lignofum babet. 


ARBOREUS Caulis [ Arbor, a tree] fimple, 
ligneous, and continuing ; oppofed to frutico/us, 
fuffruticafus, & herbaceus. 

( 


- ARBUSTIVA [4rbuflum, a copfe of fhrubs, 
or trees; an orchard, a vineyard]. An order 
B 2 of 


AR 


of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of 
Linnzus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Phila- 


delphus, Eugenia, Pfidium, Myrtus, Caryophyllus. 


ARCUATUM degumen [ab arcus, the curva- 
ture of an arch or of a bow-ftick] curved, as 
in the Oraithopus perpufillum. 


ARECTUM Folium. See Ereétum. 


ARILLUS, the proper exterior coat of a feed 
which falls off fpontaneoufly : it is exemplified 
in Coffea, ‘fafminum, Cynogloffum, Cucumis, Dr- 
Gtamnus, Diofma, Celafirus, Euonymus, The A- 


rillus is either cartilagineus, or fucculentus. 


ARISTA [ab ereo, to be dry or parched] 
the beard of corn, or grafs ifiuing from a glu- 
ma. 


ARISTATA Gluma [Arifia] having an a- 
vifia, oppofed to mutica. 


ARMA, arms, weapons; one of the feven 
kinds of Fulra of plants, according to Lin- 
nus, intended by nature to fecure them a-. 
gainft external injury: its fpecies are, Aculei, 
Furca, Spine, Stimuli, 


AR- 


AS 
ARTICULATUS Caulis, Culmus; having 


knots or joints. 

Articulata Radix, a jointed root, as in La- 
threa, Oxalis, Martinia, Dentaria. 

Articulata folia, cum folium unum ex alterius a- 
pice excrefcit, attached to the ends of each o- 
ther, refembling the links of a chain. 

Articulate folium pinnatum, when the foliola are 
attached to the extremities of each other, pro- 
ceeding from one common petzolus. 


ARTICULUS Culmi [ab artus, a joint or 
limb] the ftraight part of the Culmus between 
two Geniculi, 


ASCYROYDEZE [ab Aczveoy, Pliny’s name 
for the Hypericum]. The thirteenth natural 
clafs in Scopoli’s Flora Carniolica. 


ASPERIFOLI [a/per, rough, & folium, a 
leaf]. An order of plants in the Fragmenta me - 
thodi naturalis of Linneus, in which are thefe 
genera, viz. Tournefortia, Cerinthe, Symphytum, 
Pulmonaria, Anchufa, Lithofpermum, Myofatis, 
Heliotropium, Cynogloffum, Afperugo, Lycopfis, E- 
chium, Borrago: magis minufve oleracez, muci- 
laginofe, & glutinofe funt. Zin. In the prefent 
fyftem, thefe are among the Pentandria manogy- 
nia. 


: AS- 


AU 
ASSURGENTIA Filia [affurgo, to rife up} 


arcuatim erecta ; firft declining, but growing e- 
rect towards the apex. 


ATTENUATUS Pedunculus [aitenuor, to 
be wafted, worn] when gradually fmaller to- 
wards the flower, oppofed to Icraffatus, 


AUCTUS Calyx [ab augeor, to be increafed] 
when a feries of fhorter and different /quamme 
or fquammule farround the exterior da/is of the 
Calyx, as in Corepfis, Bidens, Crepis, Dianthus, 
Linneeus defines the Calyx auctus in the clafs Syn- 
genefia, thus; dum unica fertes laciniarum equalis 
longtor cingit fiofculos, €3. alia minima cingit bafin 
tantum fimplicis interioris {F majoris calycis, 


AVENIA Folia [a, & vena, a vein] leaves 
which have no vifible veins. Vid. Veno/fa. 


AURICULATUM foliolum [ab auricula, a 
little ear, dim. ab auris, the ear] twifted into 
the form of a little ear, exemplified in the Fun= 
germaunia ciliaris. 


AXILLARIA Folia [Axilla, the arm-pit] 
growing out of the angles formed by the 
branches and the ftem. The fame as Subalaria, 

Axillaris Pedunculus, proceeding from the axil- 


la 


BA 


la formed by leaves or branches with the ftem, 
as in the Meliffa calamintha, Nepeta, and many 
other flowers. 


B. 
BACCA, a berry ; a full, pulpy Pertcarpium, 


without Va/vule, in which the feeds are naked, 
having no other covering or cell, as in the 
goofberry, Sc. 


BARBA, a beard; a fpecies of pubefcence 
covering the furface of plants; it does not ap- 
pear in the Phil. Botanica, and therefore re- 
mains unexplained. In the Delineatio Plante it 
is ranged thus, Pili, Lana, Barba, Fomentum. 
It feems from its application in the Spec. Pl. 
to fignify a tuft of hair, Ge, Ge. 


BARBATUM Folium [barba, a beard]. If 
Linnzus intends that this term, applied to the 
furface of a leaf, fhould have a precife mean- 
ing diftin®: from pilofum, birfutum, villofum, it 
muft certainly allude to the beard of a goat, 
i. e. the lrairs ending in a point. 

Barbatus Flos, inftanced in the Dianthus bar- 
 baius, Sweet William. 

Barbatus Corolla, in the Gentiana camp. 


BI- 


BI 
BICORNES [bis, & cornu; a horn]. An or- 


der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis 
of Linazus, in which are the following genera, 
viz. Ledum, Azalea, Andromeda, Clethra, Erica, 
Myrfine, Memecylum, Santalum;, Vaccinium, Ar- 
buius, &c. Adftringunt, fed bacce acide efcu- 
lente funt. Lin. ‘Thefe are fo termed from 
the Anthera having in appearance two horns, 


BIENNIS Radix [ex bis, twice, & annus; a 
year] a root which continues to vegetate two 
years, 


BIFARIA Filia (is, & fari, to fpeak] point- 


ing two ways. 


BIFER Plante [bis, & fero, to bear] 
flowering twice a-year; {pring and autumn, 
common between the tropics. 


BIFIDUM Folium [ex bis, twice, & Fiffum, 
cloven] twice divided, its finufes linear and 
margins ftraight. See Fifum. 


BIFLORUS Pedunculus [bis, & flos, a flower] 
bearing two flowers; producing two fructifica- 
tions upon each Pedunculus. 


BIGEMINUM Folium compofitum [bis, twice, 
& 


BI 


& geminus, double] a forked petiolus with two 
folisla on the apex of each divifion, cum petiolus 
dichotomus apicibus adnectit folicla quatuor. 


BIJUGUM Folium (bis, & juge, to yoke] a 
pinnate leaf confifting of two pair of foliola. 


BILABIATUS Corolla (bis, & labium, a lip]. 
A Corolla with two lips, as the Pinguicula, and 
moft of the Dydinammia. 


BILOBUM Folium [ex bis, twice, & Actes, 
the tip of the ear] confifting of two lobes. See 
Lobatum. 


BINATA Folia [4 binus, two and two] indi- 
cating the number of folicla in a folium digita- 
tum ; confifting only of two folzala. 

Bini Pedunculi, growing in pairs, as in Ca- 
praria, & Oldenlandia Zeylanica. 


BIPARTITUM Folium [bis, 8 partitus, di- 
vided] confifting of two divifions u/gue ad ba- 
fin, down to the bafe. 


BIPINNATUM Folium compofitum (bis, & 
pinnatum, winged] doubly winged ; cum petiolus 
lateribus adfigit foliola pinnata, i.e. when a pe- 
iislus is pinnated by lateral petiol, which are 

themlelves 


BR 


themfelves pinnated by foliola, as in the Atha- 
manta libanotis, Anemone pulfatilla. 


BITERNATUM Folium compofitum (bis, twice, 
& ternus, threefold] a petiolus with three divi- 
fions, and three foliola upon each ; duplicato ter- 
natum, cum petiolus adfigit tria foliola ternata, as 
in the Epimedium, & Ligujticum feoticum. 


BIVALVE Pericarpium [bis, & value, doors 
or valves] confifting of two valves, as the Siii- 
qua & Legumen, which fee. 


BLATTARI4 [a Biatta, a moth, or little 
worm] the title of Scopoli’s twelfth natural 
clafs, in his Fira Carniolica ; it is taken from 
the Blattaria which was Tournefort’s generic 
name for the Verba/cum of Linnzus. 


BRACHIATUS Cawlis [Brachium, an arm] 
having branches, in pairs, oppofite to each o- 
ther, each pair ftanding at right angles with 
thofe above and below. 


BRACHIUM, the Arm. The tenth degree 
in the Linnzan feale for meafuring plants: from 
the Arxilla to the extremity of the middle fin- 
ger ; or twenty-four Parifian inches. 


BRACTEA, 


BU 


BRACTEA, a thin leaf or plate of any me- 
tal; folium flrale, ranged by Linneus among 
the Fulcra of plants. Thefe floral leaves dif- 
fer in fhape and colour from the other folia of 
the plant, are generally fituated on the pedun- 
culus, and often fo near the corolla as to be eafi- 
ly miftaken for the calyx, than which however 
the Braétee are generally more permanent. Ex- 
amples of floral leaves are feen in the Tilia, Fu- 
maria bulbofa, Lavendula, Horminum. Brattee 
are either colorate, caduce, decidue, perfiftentes ; 
una, dua, plures ; coma ; foliorum cetera addenda. 


BRACTEATUS Pedunculus, [braéiea, a flo- 
ral leaf} having braétee growing on it. 


BULBIFERUS Caulis [a Bulbus, a round 


root] bearing bulbs : thefe are generally on the 


defcending caudex ; but when on the caudex a- 
feendens, if they touch the ground, they imme- 
diately put forth fibrillz, and become real roots, 
as in the Ranunculus ficaria. 


BULBOSA Radix [a Bulbus, a fpecies of o- 
nion] enlarging in a globular form at the bot- 
tom of the afcending caudex, and fhooting 


forth radicule from its bafis. A bulbous root . 


Lida, 


a 


is either /guammofa, tunicata, duplicata, 
er articulata. : 


C2 “BULBUS, 


CA 


BULBUS, a fpecies of Aybernaculum on the 
caudex defcendens, 


BULLATUM Folium [bulia, a bubble] when 
the fubftance of the leaf rifes high above the 
veins fo as to appear like little blifters ; rugo/um 
in a greater degree, 


Cc. 


CADUCUM Folium [8 cado, to fall] a terra 
fignifying the fhorteft time of duration ; falling 
off at the firft opening of the flower. | 

Caducus Calyx, as in the Papaver & Epimedium. 


CALAMARI [Calamus, a reed]. An or- 
der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis 
of Linnzus, in which he has thefe genera, viz, 
Bobartia, Scirpus, Cyperus, Eriophorum, Carex, 
Schoenus, Flagellaria, “Funcus. 


CALCARIATUM WNeéarium [Calcar, a 
fpur] In fhape refembling a cock’s fpur, as in 
the Lark’s fpur, the 4utirrhinum, Valeriana, Pine 
guicula, Utricularia. Calcar eft netlarium ex corol- 
la pone in conum extenfa: When applied to Co- 
rolla, it relates to the Neéarium. 


CALI- 


CA 


CALICULATUS Calyx [Calicula, dim. a 
Calyx] having its ba/fis inclofed within a fmall 
exterior calyx ; fynon. with Aud?us ; Completus 
of Vaillant; exemplified in the Leontice leontope- 
.taloid, Prenanthes. 


CALYCANTHEMI [Ca/yx]. An order of 
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of 
Linneus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Epi- 
lobium, Ocnothera, “Fuffiea, Ludwigia, Oldenlan- 
dia, Ifnarda, &c. 


CALYCIFIBRZ [8 Calyx, & fibra, a fibre]. 


A natural clafs in Scopoli’s Flore Carniolica. 


CALYCIFLORZ [Calyx & fos]. The ele- 
venth clafs in Royen’s fyftem : it is in fact the 
Floribunde of Linnzus’s Methedus Calycina. The 
fecond, third, and fourth order are taken from 
the Jcofandria in the fexual fyftem. 


CALYPTRA [from Kaavzla, tego, to cover] 
a veil ; the Calyx of moffes, covering the An- 
there like a hood: it may be recta, or obliqua. 
‘Ufed by former botanifts to exprefs that which 
Linnzus calls the “illus. 


CALYX [ex Kaavala, tego, to cover] the firft 
of the feven parts of fruttification, according 
to 


CA: 
to Linnzeus, and by him defined to be the out- — 
‘er bark of the plant prefent in the fruétifica- 
tion. In general, it is that green cup which | 
inclofes and fupports the bottom of the Coro/-— 
Ja, and is otherwife called Perianthium, Involu- 
crum, Amentum, Spatha, Gluma, Calyptra, or Val- 
va, as it happens to be differently circumftan- 
ced. In affimulating the vegetable with the 
animal kingdom, Linnzus terms the Calyx florum 
thalamus. It is generally fingle, in fome plants 
double and in others entirely wanting. It is 
commonly divided into the fame number. of 
fegments with the Corolla. The Calyx commonly 
withers when the fruit is ripe, if not before; 
which circumftance infallibly diftinguifhes the 
“Calyx from Braciez, in dubious cafes. It is ge- 
neraily lefs, in point of height, but more fub- 
ftantial, than the Corclla, 


CAMPANACEI [Campana, a bell]. An or- 
_der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis 
of Linnzus, in which are the following gene- 
ra, viz. Convolvulus, Ipcmoeca, Polemonium, Cam- 


panula, Roella, Viola, &c, 


CAMPANULATUS Coralla [i Campanula, 
a little bell] fhaped like a bell, having no tubu- 
lar bafis, ventricofus abfque tubo, as in the Campa-— 
nula, Convolvulus, Atropa, and feveral {pecies of 
the Gentiana. 


CANA- 


CA 
CANALICULATUM Folium: [Canalicula, 


dim. a canalis, a channel] having a deep chan- 
nel running from the bafe to the apex ; ex /u/- 
co profundo, fecundum totam longitudinem, excava- 
tum in dimidiatum fere cylindrum. 


, 


CANDELARES [Candela, a candle]. An 
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi natura- 
lis of Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. 


Rhizophora, Mimufops, Nyffa. 


CAPILLACEUM folium, Capillary, the 
fame as capillare, exemplified in the “fungerman- 
nia rupefiris, Ranunculus aquatilis. 

Capillacea radix, a {pecies of the fibrous root, 
exemplified in the Gramina. Ludwig. 


CAPILLARIS Pappus [capillus, hair] fim- 
ple and filiform, as in the Heracium, Son- 
chus, &c. 

Capillares Glandulz, refembling hairs, as in 
the Ribes, Antirrbinum quadrifolivm, Scrophula- 
ria, Ceraftium, Silene. — 


CAPILLUS [qu. capitis pilus] hair. The 
firft degree in the Linnzan fcale for meafuring 
‘plants: it is the diameter of a hair, and the 
twelfth part of the Linea. See Alenfura. 


CAPI- 


CA 


CAPITATUS Fis, as in the Mentha piperi- 
ta, aquatica, & Thymus ferpyllum. See Capitulum. 


CAPITULUM [dim. 4a caput, ahead] a fpe- 
cies of inflorefcence, in which the flowers are 
firmly connected on the fummit of the pedun- 
culus, fo as to form a kind of knob or head, 
as in the Gomphrena. A Capitulum is fubrotun- 
dum, globofum, dimidiatum, foliofum, or nudum. 


CAPREOLUS [dim. a caprea, a branch that . 
produces tendrils]. A tendril. See Cirrus, 
Proceffus planta filamentofi quibus illa vicinis corpo- 
ribus alligatur. 


* CAPSULA, alittle cheft, or eafket ; a hollow 
Pericarpium which naturally feparates in fome 
determinate manner. Its feveral members are 
called Valvula, Diffepimentum, Columella, Locu- 


lamentum. 


CARINA, the keel of a boat or fhip; the 


inferior petalum of a papilionaceous corolla. 


CARINATUM Folium [carina, the keel or 
bottom of a fhip] ff pars prona difei prominet lon- 
gitudinaliter, when the inferior difk or back of 
the leaf refembles the keel of a fhip. 


Carinatum 


- 


C A. 


Carinatum Neétarium, as in the Utricularia minor. 
Carinatus Calyx, as in the Phalaris. 


CARIOPHYLLEUS Flos [Caryophyllus, the 
clove-tree] compofed of many petala, as it were 
emerging from the bottom of a tubular calyx, 
as in the Caryophyllus, Linum. Tournef. clafs 
the eighth. 


CARNOSUM Folium [caro, flefh] a leaf of 
a flefhy fubftance, quod interne pulpa repletum eft, 
but not of fo clofe a texture as the folinm com- 
pacium, nor fo fott as the pulpofum ; exemplified 
in the Sedum dafyphyllum. 

Carnofa Radix, as in the Valeriana. 


CARTILAGINEUM Folium [Cartilago, a 
cartilage] cujus margo cartilagine, a fubftantia fo- 
ki diverfijfima, firmatur, whofe margin is ftrength- 
ened by a cartilaginous rim of a fubftance dif- 
ferent from the difk. 


CARYOPHYLLEI [Caryophyllus, a pink or 
gillyflower] An order of plants in the Fragmen- 
ta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, containing thefe 
genera, viz. Dianthus, Saponaria, Drypis, Cucu-" 
balus, Silene, Lychnis, Coronaria, Agroftema, Fran- 
kenia, Alfine, Ceraftium, Holofieum, Arenaria, 
Spergula, Sagina, Maoerhingia. 

D CA- 


CA 


CATENULATA Scabrities [ Catena, a chain} 
a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, hardly vifible 
to the naked eye, refembling little chains, on 
the furface of fome plants. 


CATULUS. See Anentum, 


CAUDEX [dict. 4 cede] the ftem of a tree; 
according to Linneus, it is the afcending and 
defcending body of the radix. The Caudex a- 
Jeendens rifes gradually above the furface of the 
earth, ferving often as a trunk, and producing 
the herb or plant. The Caudex defcendens ftrikes 
gradually into the ground, and {preads into ra- 
dicule. 


CAULESCENS Planta [Caulis] having a 
ftem, oppofed to Acaulis. 

Caulefcens radix: Ludwig. The fame with. 
the fujiformis of Linneus, exemplified in the 
Daucus & Scorzonera. Linnzus alfo applies this 
term to the roots of the Braffica oleracea, rapa, & 
napus. 


CAULINA Folia [Caulis, a ftem] leaves grow- 
ing immediately upon the ftem, without the in- 
tervention of branches, as in the Agrimonia eupa- 


toria. 
Caulinis 


C I 
Caulinis Pedunculus, the foot-ftalk of a flower 
proceeding from the ftem, 


CAULIS [4 xavacc, a ftalk] a ftem ; that {pe- 
cies of Zruncus common to mott plants ; defined 
by Linneus to be the proper trunk of the herb, 
which elevates the leaves and fructification. 


CERNUUS Pedunculus, Flos [a cerno, to dif- 
cern, guod terram cernat] bent, drooping, hang- 
ing down its head, cum apice incurvatur ut flos 
verfus latus alterum vel terram nutet, nec poterit e- 
reéius attolli ob curvaturam firictam pedunculi, uti in 
Carpefio, Bidente radiata, Carduo nutante, Scabiofa 
alpina, &c. 


CESPITOSA Planta (Cefpes, turf, or fod] 
are thofe plants which produce many ftems 
from one root, and thence form a clofe thick 


carpet on the furface of the earth. 
‘Cefpitofe Paludes, Turf-bogs. 


CILIATUM Folium [Cilium, the eye-lafh] 
cujus margo fetis parallelis longitudinaliter obvallatur, 
whofe margin is guarded by parallel briftles lon- 
gitudinally, as in the Erica tetralix, ciliaris. 

Ciliata Spica, fringed with fhort, {mall, brac- 
teal leaves. 

D2 Ciliata 


CI 


Ciliata Corolla, as in the Ruta, Menyanthes, 
Tropeolum. 


CIRCINALIA Folia [circes, a hoop, or 
ring] A term of foliation expreffive of the 
leaves within the gemma being rolled fpirally 
downward, deorfum fpiraliter involvuntur, as in 
the Filices & Palme nonnulle. 


CIRCUMSCISSA Capfula (circum, about, & 
ce@do, to cut] opening, not longitudinally, as in 
general, but tranfverfely like a common fauft- 
box, as in the Anagallis. 


CIRRHIFERUS Pedunculus [cirrus, 8 fero, 
to bear] bearing a tendril, as in Cardio[permum, 
Vitis. 

Cirrbiferum folium, as in the Fumaria capreo- 
lata, & claviculata. 


CIRRHOSUM Folium [a cirrbus, a tuft or 
lock of hair] terminating in a tendril, as in the 


Gloriofa, Flagellaria, Niffolia. 


CIRRHUS, rather Cirrus [a Kiges, cornu, a 
horn, quod cirri cornuum figuram referant] one of 
the fulcra of plants ; a clafper or tendril ; that 
{piral {tring by which fome plants fix.themfelves 
to other bodies, vimculum filiforme fpirale quo plan- 

ta 


CL 


ta alio corpor: alligatur, as in the Vitis, Banifteria, 
Cardiofpermum, Pifum, Bigonia. A Cirrus is termed 
axillaris, foliaris, petiolaris, peduncularis, accord- 
ing to the part from which it proceeds; it is 
Jimplex, bifidus, trifidus, multifidus, according to 
the number of its chords ; convoluius, revolutus, 
according to its direction. 


CLASSIS, a clafs, is by Linneus defined to 
be an agreement of feveral genera in the parts 
ef fructification, according to the principles of 
nature diftinguifhed by art. He divides the ve- 
getable kingdom into twenty-four claffes, viz. 

“1. Monandria, 2. Diandria, 3. Triandria, 4. 
Tetrandria, 5. Pentandria, 6. Hexandria, 7. Hep- 
tandria, 8. Ottandria, 9. Enneandria, 10, Dodecan- 
dria, 12. Icofandria, 13. Polyandria, 14. Didyna- 
mia, 15. Tetradynamia, 16. Monadelphia, 17. Dia- 
delphia, 18. Polyadelphia, 19. Syngenefia, 20. Gy- 
nandria, 21. Monoecia, Divecia, 23. Polygamia, 
24. Cryptogamia. 


CLAVATUS Petiolus, Pedunculus [clavis, a 
nail, or clava, a club] in its claffical acceptation 
means ftudded with nails or {pangles; but here 
it alludes to the /hape of a common nail, taper. 
ing from its da/is to the apex. 

Clavatus Calyx, as in Silene, 

Clavata Capfula, as in the Papaver argemone. 
. CLA- 


CO 


CLAVICULA [dim. a Clavis, a key] a 
tendril : Tournef. See Cirrhus. 


CLAUSA Corolla, clofed, fhut, as in the 
Melampyrum pratenfe, oppofed to hians, 


COADUNAT £ [coaduno, to join, or gather 
together] An order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnzus, in which he has 
thefe genera, viz. Annona, Liriodendrum, Ma- 
gnotia, Uvaria, Michelia, Thea. 


COARCTATI Rami [coarGo, to ftraiten or 
prefs together] forming very acute angles with 
each other ; oppofed to Divergentes. 

Coarétata Panicula, when the pedunculi are 
fhort and erect, and confequently the flowers 
compact ; oppofed to diffu/a. 

Coarétatus Pedunculus, oppofed to patulus. 


COCHLEATUM Legumen [a Cochlea, the 
fhell of a fnail] refembling the fhell of a {nail, 
as in the Medicago. 


COLORATUM Felium (Color, colour] co- 
loured ; 7. ¢. when thofe leaves, which are ge- 
nerally green, are of any other colour, quod a- 
lium colorem quam viridem induit. ‘ 

Coloratus Calyx, as in the Bartfia. 


COLU- 


CO 
COLUMNELLA, a little column ; the mem- 


branaceous fubftance which conneéts the internal 
partitions with the feed, in that fpecies of perz- 
carpium termed capfula. 


COLUMNIFERI [Columna, a pillar, & fera 
to bear] An order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnus, in which are thefe 
genera, viz. Camellia, Xylon, Hibifcus, Turnera, 
Malva, Urena, Malope, &c. Columnifere, muci- 
laginofz, lubricantes, obtundentes, & matu- 
vantes funt. Liz. 


COMA [Koeen, a bufh, or head of hair] a 
fpecies of fulcra compofed of remarkably large 
braéee, which terminate the caulis, as in the La- 
vendula, Salvia, Corona imperialis. 


COMMUNIS Gemma, regards the contents 
of the gemma ; containing both flower- and 
leaves, 

Communis Calyx, when it contains both Rece- 
ptaculum and Flofculi, as in the Tragopogon, Scor- 
zonera, and mott of the other plants in the clafs 
Syngenefia of Linnzeus. 


COMOS£ [Coma, a head of hair]. An 
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi natura~ 
lis 


co 


lis of Linnzeus, containing thefe genera, viz. 


Spired, Filipendula, Aruncus. 


Comofa radix, a fpecies of the tuberofa, when 
from the top of a bulbous root, immediately un- 
der the bafe of the ftem, a number of fibrilié are 
put forth, fo asto refemble a head of hair. 
Ludwig. 

Comofus Racemus, as in the Fritillaria regia, 


COMPACTUM Folium [a compingo, to put 
together] regards the fubftance of leaves, and 
fisnifies their pulp being of a clofe confiftent 
texture. 


COMPLETUS Files, Vaill. See Auétus, or . 
Calyculatus. 


COMPOSITUS Cauls. A compound ftem 
is divided into ramulz, {mall branches, diminifh- 
ing as they afcend: they are cither dichotomus, 
fubdivifus, ov articulatus. 

Compofitus Corymbus, formed of a number of: 
fmall corymbi, oppofed to fimplex, 

Compofitus Flos, an aggregate flower compofed 
of many flofculi feffiles, on a common entire re- 
ceptaculum, with a common perianthium, and 
whofe anthere, being five in number, unite in 
the form of a cylinder ; the flofwli are mono- 

petalous, 


CO 


petalous, and under each of them is a mono- 
fpermous germen : fuch are the clafs Syngenefia 
of Linneus. Compound flowers are cither /- 
gulati, tubulofi, or radiati. 

Compofitum Folium, in general, fignifies a petio- 
Jus with more than one foliolum upon it, of 
which there ate the following fpecies, UVi%. com- 
psfitum properly fo called, articulatum, conjuga- 
tum, digitatum, pedatum, pinnatum, decompofitum, 
fupradecompsfitum. 

Compafitum Folium, properly fo called, is a pe- 
tiolus with one feries of folioda and no more. 

Compofita Fruétificatio, oppofed to fimplex ; coms 
pofita ex flofculis. 

Compofita Umbella, having no umbellule on the 
apices of the pedunculi. 

Compofiti, a numerous order of plants in the 
Pragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, where 
he divides them into Semiflofculofi, -Capitati, Co- 
rymbiferi, and Oppofitifolii. 


COMPRESSUS Cauiis, Folium, refemblinga 
cylinder compreffed on oppofite fides, the tran{- 
verfe fection forming an ellipfis : when applied 
to a leaf, it fignifies, comprefled in its lateral 
margins, quod a lateribus maginalibus oppofitis com- 
primitur, ut fubfiantia folii major fiat quam difcus, 
i. e. its depth, or thicknefs, exceeding its 


breadth. 
E CON- 


Oye 
CONCAVUM Folium, a concave leaf, cum 
margo folit arctior fit quam ut difcum circumfcribat, 
unde deprimitur difcus. 


CONCEPTACULUM, a receiver ; a Peri- 
carpium of one Valvuulc, opening longitudinally, 
and not having the feeds faftened to it. Lin- 
neus in his laceft works fubftitutes Folliculus for 
Conceptaculum. 


CONDUPLICATUM Folium (con, & dupl- 
cor, to be doubled] A term in Foliation, fignify- 
ing that the fides of the leaf, within the gemma, 
are parallel and approach each other, as in the 
Rofa, Fraxinus, Fuglans, Amygdalus, Cerafus, 
Quercus, Fagus, &c. 


CONFERTI Rami, [a confercio, to fill, to 
ftuft] branches crouded fo as to leave hardly a- 
ny fpace between; oppofed to remoti. 

Confertus Verticillus, when the flowers which 
form the Verticillus are numerous, and confe- 

quently crouded ; oppofed to diftans. 

' . Conferta folia, as in the Antirrhinum monfpeffu- 


lanum, & linaria. 


CONFLUENTIA Folia [confiue, to flow to- 
gether] growing in tufts partially, fo as to leave 
the intermediate parts of the cau/is quite bare. 


CON- 


co 


CONGLOBATUS Flos [con, & globus, a 
ball] Capitatus of Ray, Compofitus of Tournefort 
and Linneus. See Compojitus. 


CONGLOMORATI Flores (con, & glomus, a 
clew] growing on a branching Petiolus, and 
clofely, but irregularly, connected ; oppofed to 
Panicula diffufe. 


CONGESTA Unmbella [a congeror, to be 
heaped] the flowers clofely collected into a 
fpherical fhape, as in the Allium ; oppofed to diva- 
ricata, divergens, diftans, &c. 


CONICA Scabrities [Kaves, conus, a cone] a 
fpecies of fetaceous Scabrities, fcarce vifible to 
the naked eye, on the furface of fome plants, 
in which the minute briftles are conical. 


CONIFERE [ex Kas, a cone, & fer, to 
bear] An order of plants in the Fragmenta me- 
| thodi naturalis of Linnzus, containing thefe ge- 
nera, viz. Abies, Pinus, Cupreffus, Thuja, funi- 
perus, Taxus, Ephedra, Conifere funt refinife- 
re & diuretice. Lin, 


CONJUGATUM FPolium [ex con, & jugo, 
to couple] that fpecies of pinnate leaf which 
E 2 has 


CO 


has two foliola, and no more, upon each petialys ; 
cum pinnatum conflat modo foliolis duobus, nec pluri- 
bus. 

Conjugatus Racemus, when two Racemi are u- 
nited by acommon pedunculus. 


CONNATUM Folium [ex con, & nafcor, to 
be born, to grow together] /7 folia oppofita inter 
fe connata in unum, when two oppofite leaves u- 
nite fo as to have the appearance of one leaf, as 
in the Lonicera, Eupatorium. 

Connata Stamina, united, cleaving together. 


CONNIVENS Corolla [connivo, to wink] 
when the apices of the petala converge, fo as to 
clofe the flower, as in the Trollius europaeus. 

Conniventes Anthere, approaching or inclining 
towards each other, as is frequent in the clafs 
Didynamia of Linnzus. 


CONTINUATUM folium, continued ; 
when the leaf appears to be a continuation of 
the fubftance of the caulis, as in fome fpecies of 
the Ficus. Ludw. 


CONTORTI [conterqueo, to twift] An or- 
der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis 
of Linnzus, containing the following genera, 

viz. 


CoO 


viz. Rauwolfia, Tevetia, Cerbera, Plumieria, Ta- 
bernemontana, Cameraria, Nerium, Vinca, Apo- 
cynum, Cynanchum, Creopegia, Afcelpias, Stapelia. 

Contorti, a natural clafs in Scopuli’s Flora 
Carniolica. 


CONTRARIZ Valuule. The valves are 
termed contraria, when the diffepimentum is pla- 
ced tran{verfely between them ; oppofed to pa- 
ralleli ; exemplified in the Swheslaria! 


CONVEXUM Foltum, a convex leaf; 7. ¢. 
rifing from the margin to the centre of the 
dif : quod in difco magis elevatum eft ; the reverie 
of concavum. 


CONVOLUTUS Cirrus [convilvo, to wrap 
round] a tendril twining in the fame direction 
with the fun’s motion, that is, from eaft, by the 
fouth, to the weft : oppofed to Revolutus. 

Convolutum Folium, aterm of Foliation, fig- 
nifying the leaf being rolled up like a {croll of 
paper ; unius lateris margo circumambit alterum ejuf- 
dem folii marginem infiar cuculli; as in the Arum, 
Piper, Solidago, Braffica, Prunus, & Gramina 
pleraque. 


CONUS. See Strobilus. 


COR- 


OO) 
CORCULUM [dim. a cor, the heart] the 


heart and effence of a feed, and the primordium 
of the future plant, attached to, and involved 
in the Cotyledon: it confifts of the Plumula, 
which Linneus calls its eflence, and Ro/ellum, 
which fee. 


CORDATUM Folium [Cor, the heart] ef o- 
vaium baft excavatum, deftitutum angults poflicis 5 
fhaped like the heart on cards, but the apex not 
quite fo fharp ; as in the Potamogeton perfoliatum, 
Menyanthes nympboides, Meni/permum virginic. ca- 
rolin. & cocculus. 


CORDIFORMIS. See Cordatum. 


COROLLA [dim. a corona, a crown] one of 
the feven parts of fruttification, according to 
Linnzus, who defines it thus, ber plante in flo- 
ve prefens, the bark of the plant prefent in the 
flower. It is the coloured or painted leaves of 
the plant, confifting of petala and neéctarium. 


COROLLULA [dim. a corolla] a little corolla. 


CORONA Seminis, a crown; the little crown 
which adheres to many kinds of feeds, and 
which, ferving them as wings, enables them to 

difperfe : 


co 


difperfe : it is either Calyenlus formed of the pe- 
rianthium of the flower, as in the Scabiofa, Knau- 
tica, Ageratum, Aréotis 3 or it is Pappus, as in 
the Hieracium, Sonchus, Crepis, Scorzanera, Tra- 


gopogon. 


CORONARIZ [Corona, a crown] An or- 
der of plants in the Fragmenia methodi naturalis 
of Linnzus, in which are the following gene- 
ra; viz. Ornithogalum, Scilla, Hyacinthus, Ajpho- 
delus, Anthericum, Polyanthes. 


CORONULA, dim. 2 Corona, which fee. 


CORTEX [a corium, a hide, & tego, to cover ] 
the outer rind of vegetables diftiné&t from the /- 
ber : thus the corolla is a continuation of the /- 
ber, and the calyx of the cortex. 


CORTICALIS Gemmatio [cortex, rind or 
bark] regards the origin of the gemma ; proceed- 
ing from the cortex of the plant ; oppofed to petia- 

laris, firpularis. 


CORYDALES [an a Koes, galea, caffis, ga- 
lerita] An order of plants in the Pragmenta me- 
thodi naturalis of Linnzeus, containing the fol- 
Jowing genera, viz. Melianthus, Epimedium, Hy- 

peccum, 


CR 


pecoum, Fumaria, Impatiens, Leontice, Monotro- 
pa, Utricularia, Tropcolum. 


CORYMBUS, in its proper acceptation, is 
a clufter of ivy-berries. Linnzus makes it a 
fpecies of inflorefcence, in which the flowers 
grow in clufters, each upon a feparate peduncu- 
lus, as in the filiquofe plants in general, viz. 
Myagrum, Anaftatica, Cochlearia, &c. Corymbus 
fit ex [pica, dum finguli flores peduncults propriis 
infiruuntur, fitu elevato proportional. The Inflo- 
refcentia corymbifera may be jimplex or compofita. 


COTYLEDON [kéloaa, cavitas, a cavity] the 
lateral, bibulous, perifhable lobe of the feed. 


CRENATUM Polium [Crena, a notch] cajus 
margo angulis, neutram extremitatem refpicientibus , 
fecatur, whofe margin is cut with fmall teeth, 
or angles, inclining towards neither extremity, 
fo that radii drawn from the centre of the 
leaf would accurately bifeét each faliant angle. | 
When inftead of angles the margin is formed 
of a number of fegments of fmall circles, jt is 
then termed odtufe crenatum; when the larger 
notches are themfelves furrounded by fmall 
ones, duplicate crenatum. "The folium crenatum is 
exemplified in the Primula farinofa. 

Crenata Corolla, asin Linum. 


CRI- 


CR 
CRISPUM Folium, undulated from the mar- 
gin of the leaf being too long for the difk, cum 
peripheria folii major evadit quam difcus admittit, 
ut undulatum fiat. Folia crifpa are always mon- 
ftrous productions. 


CRISTATUS jos [A criffa, a tuft or creft,] 
crefted, as in the Polyvala. 


CRUCIFORMES Fieres (Crux, a crofs, & 
forma] crofs-fhaped; contiiting of four petala 
regularly difpofed in the form of a crois: they 
conftitute the fifth clafs in Tournefort, and the 
Tetradynamia of Linneus. 


“CRYPTANTHERE [28 xevalw, occulto, to 
hide, & aves, flos, a flower] the nineteenth clafs 
in Royen’s fyftem, comprehending thofe plants 
whofe fructification is concealed, viz. part of 
the Filices, Mujci, Algae, & Fungi. 


CRYPTOGAMIA [Kevzares, occultus, con- 
cealed, & Tepoc, nuptie, nuptials] the twenty- 
fourth clafs in the Linnean fyftem, compre- 
hending thofe plants whofe fruétification is con- 
cealed, either through minutenefs, or within 
the fruit: nuptia clam celebrantur. ‘The orders 
are four, viz. FILICEs, containing 16 gencra, 
viz. Eguifetum, Uncclea, Ophiogloffum, Ofmunda, 

F Achroftichum, 


CU 
Achrsfiichum, Polypodium, Hemionitis, Afplenium,. 


Blechnum, Louchitis, Pteris, Adiauthum, Trichoe 
manes, Marfilea, FPilularia, Ifoetes ; Musci, 

_ containing 11 genera, viz. Lycopidium, Porella, 
Spagnum, Phafcum, Splachnum, Polytrichum, Mni- 
um, Bryum, Hypaum, Fontinalis, Buxbaumia; 
ALG, containing 14 genera, viz. Marchan- 
tia, fungersannia, Targionia, Anthocerus, Brafia, 
Riccia, Lichen, Byjjus, Tremella, Ulva, Fucus, 
Conferva, Spcngia, Chara ; \FuNG1, contain- 
ing 10 genera, viz. Agaricus, Boletus, Hydnum, 
Phallus, Clathrus, Elvela, Pexiza, Clavaria, Ly- 
choperdon, Mucor. Cryptogamia vegetabilia fx- 
pius fufpecta continet. Liz. 


CUBITUS [A cubands, lying down, quod ad 
‘fumendos cibos in ipfa cubamus] a cubit. ‘The 
ninth degree in the Linnean fcale for meafu- 
ring plants: from the elbow to the extremity 
of the middle finger; or feventeen Parifian 
inches. 


CUCULLATUM Folium [cucullus, a coronet 
of paper in which grocers put their fpices ] roll- 
ed up like a cone, longitudinally, as in the Ge- 
ramum Afric. \t alfo fignifies hooded, cowled 
as in the leavesref the Sarracenia. 


CUCURBITACE [Cucurbita, a gourd] 
| "An. 


CU 


An order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi na- 

turalis ot Linnaeus, cihich are thefe genera, 
viz. Paffiflora, Fevillea, Momordica, Lrichofantius 
Cucumis, Cucurbita, Bryonia, Sicyos, Melothria, 
Gronovia. 


CULMINI£ [culmen, the top or crown of a- 
ny thing ] ‘An order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnzus, in which are thefe 
genera, viz. Tilia, Theobroma, Sioanea, Bixa, He- 
liocarpus, Triumphetta, Bartramia, &c. 


CULMUS [ex zdreu@, calamus, a reed or 
ftraw] that fpecies of Truncus proper to grafles ; 
it elevates the leaves and the fructification. 


CUNEIFORME Folium [Cuncus, a wedge] 
fhaped like a wedge, fenfim deorfum anguftatur, 
its apex next the ftem, as in the Apium graves- 
lens, Saxifraga trydactylites. 


CUSPIDATUM Folkum [Cu/pis, the point of 
a fpear]. This term regards the apex only, and 
is applied to thofe leaves whofe apex refembles. 
the point of alance or {pit. 


CYATHIFORMIS Corolla [Cyathus, acup] 
partly cylindrical, but growing wider towards 


the top. 
2 Mn p= 


oy 
CYLINDRACEA Spica [cylindrus, a roller, 


a cylinder] cylindrical ; equal in diameter from 
top to bottom. 


CYLINDRICA Scabrities [eyliadrus] A {pe- 
cies of Scabrities of a cylindrical form, on the 
furface of fome plants, fcarce vifible to the na- 
ked eye. 

Cylindricus Calyx, asin the Eupbrafia, 


CYMA[Kiue, foetus] a Receptaculum proceed- 
ing from an univerfal centre, running out into 
Pedunculi fafligiati, but with irregular partial 
peduncult, 


CYMOSUS Fios [Cyma, a fprout] an aggre- 
gate flower, whofe Receptaculum is divided into 
primary faftigiate Pedunculi proceeding from an 
univerfal centre ; but whofe fecondary Peduncu- 
ii are irregular, which diftinguifhes it from 
the Umbelia. 

Cymofe, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnzus, containing thefe 
genera, viz. Diervilla, Lonicera, Maitchella, Lo- 
vanihus, Ixora, Morinda, Cinchona. 


CYTINIFORMIS Calyx [a Cytinus, the 
flower of the pomegranate] refembling the Ca- 
Lyx 


DE 


yx of the pomegranate, i. e. campaniformis, mul- 
tifidus. ‘Tournef. 


D. 


DHDALEUM FPolium[Aaitwr@, dedalus, in- 
_ genious] a leaf whofe texture or fhape is remark- 
ably beautiful and exquifitely wrought. Lin- 
neus has not, I think, any where explained 
this term, but it feems to admit of no other 
meaning. 


DEBILIS Caulis [ex de & hebilis] weak, fee- 


ble, as in the Veronica chamedrys. 


DECAGYNIA [dixe, decem, ten, & Tum, mu- 
her, a woman] The fifth order in the tenth 
clafs in the Linnean fyftem; comprehending 
thofe plants whofe fructification difcovers ten 
Styli, which are confidered as the female organs 
of generation. 


DECANDRIA [dxe, decem, ten, & avie, 
maritus, a hufband]. Linnzus’s tenth clafs, 
comprehending thofe hermaphrodite plants 
which bear flowers with ten /lamina. This clafs 
hath five orders, viz. Monocynta} inclu- 
ding 45 genera, viz. Sophora, Anagyris, Cercis, 


Baubinia, 


DE 
Baubinia, Parkinfonia, Hymenea, Caffia, Poincia- 


na, Cafalpinia, Guilandina, Guajacum, Cynometra, 

Anacardium, Swietenia, Diétamnus, Ruta, Tolui- 

fera, Hematoxylum, Adenanthera, Melia, Trichilia, 
Zygophyllum, Quaffia, Fagonia, Tribulus, Thryal- 

lis, Limonia, Monotropa, Fuffiaa, Quifqualis, 

Dais, Bucida, Copaifera, Samyda, Melaftema, 

Kalmia, Ledum, Rhsdora, Rhododendron, Andro- 

meda, Epigea, Gaultheria, Arbutus, Clethra, Py- 

yola ; DiGYNIA containing 11 genera, viz. 

Royena, Hydrangea, Cunonia, Chryfofplentum, Sa- 

xifraga, Tiarella, Mitella, Scleranthus, Gypfopht~ 

la, Saponaria, Dianthus; TRIGYNIA, con- 

taining 10 genera, viz. Cucubalus, Silene, Stella- 

via, Arenaria, Cherleria, Garidella, Malpighta, 

Banificria, Triopteris, LErythroxyln; PENTA- 

GYNIA, containing 11 genera, viz. Averrhoa, 

Spondias, Cotyledon, Sedum, Penthorum, Oxalis, 

Suriana, Agroftemma, Lychnis, Ceraftium, Sper- 

gula; DECAGYNIA, containing two genera, 
viz. Neurada, Phytolacca. 


DECAPHYLLUS Cah [d:xe, decem, ten, & 
@2rrov, folium, a leaf] confifting of ten leaves, 
as in the Hibifcus. 


DECIDUUM Folium [decids, to fall down, 
to dic] a term exprefling the fecond degree of 
duration 5, 


DE 


duration ; fee Caducum: falling off with the 
flower. 

Decidue Stipule, as in the Padus, Cerafus, 
Amygdalus; Populus, Tilia, Ulmus, Quercus, Fa- 
gus, Alnus, Ficus, Morus. 

Deciduus Calyx, asin the Berberis, and the 
clafs Letradynamia. : 


DECLINATUS Caulis, declined. The 
firft and leaft degree of curvature towards the’ 
earth. See Jncurvatus and Nutans. 


DECOMPOSITA Folia, are thofe com- 
pound leaves which confift of many foliola on a 
once-divided petiolus, cum petiolus femel divifus ad- 
neélit folidla plura. See Compofiturn folium. The 
different kinds of Folia decompofita, are bigemina, 


biternata, bipinnata, which fee. 


DECUMBENS ffos [decumbo, to lie down} 
drooping, as in Caffia, Diad:Iphia omnt. 


DECURRENS Folium [decurro, to run a+ 
long] when the Ja/fs of a feffile leaf extends 
downward along the caulis, below the proper 
termination of the leaf; 7. ¢, when the da/is is 
long in proportion to the leaf, and adheres en-- 
tirely to the ftem, as in the Verbefina, Carduus, 


Spharanthus, Verbafcum thapfus. 
y fi wit 


DE 
DECURSIVE Folium pinnatum (decurro, to 


run along} when the bafes of the felicla are 
continued along the fides of the petiolus, as they 
are along the ftem in the /olium decurrens, 


DECUSSATA Folia [decuffo, to divide] 
when the leaves grow in hairs and oppofite, 
each hair being alternately on oppofite fides of 
the ftem 5 ut fi planta verticaliter infpiciatur; folia 
quadrifariam verguut. 


DEFLEXUS Ramus [deflec?o, to bow or. 


bend] a little bent; the leaft degree of curva- 
ture. See Reflexus, Retroflexus. 


DEFLORATIA Stamina, having fhed, or 
difcharged, their farina fecundens. — Stachys, 
ftamina deflorata verius latera reflexa. 


DEFOLIATIO [de & folium] comprehends 
the precife time in autumn when a plant fheds 
its leaves. ; 

DELTOIDES Folium [A, delta, the Greek 
D]. Certainly this A has but three angles, and 
yet Linnzus infifts upon his folium deltoides ha- 
ving four, rbembeum ex quatuor angitlis,e quibus 
laterales minus a bafi diflant quam reliqui, the two 
lateral angles nearer the bafis than the other 

two. 


DE 


two. Now the figure, in the Phil. Botanica, 
which is intended to illuftrate this explanatiori 
is like nothing in nature, and of a form quite 
different from thofe leaves to which this term 
is applied in the Sy/tema Nature, &c. as for in- 
ftance, inthe Populus nigra; which has four 
angles, and the two lateral ones are nearer the _ 
bafe than the apex. In order to folve thefe 
difficulties, let us firft recolleét that the delta 
was the figure of four, of the Greeks, and that 
4-angular would exprefs a figure with four an- 
gles, though the figure 4 contains but three. 
But if this does not fatisfy us, let us recollect 
that Aar@, pugillares, were a kind of writing-ta - 
blet3, which, though triangular when fhut, muft 
neceflarily, when open, be quadrangular. 
Dr Hill, in his explanation of this term, by 
way of example, inflances the Sea Purflane, 
which happens not to have a deltoide leaf, but 
Obovatim. \inneus applies the term Deltoides 
to the leaves of the following plants, viz. Po- 
pulus nigra, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex haftata, 
Atriplex patula, Chenopodium ferotinum, 


DEMERSUM Folium [dentergo, to dive] in 
¢quatic plants, funk below the furface of the 
water. The fame as Submerfum. 


DENDROIDIS furculus [a %%ov, arbuftum, a 
Sh aE _ fagub) 


DE 


fhrub] fhrubby ; a fubdivifion of the Surculus 
in the genus Hypnum. 


DENTATUM Folitum (Dens, a tooth] ac- 
cording to Linnzeus, quod acumina horizontalia, 
folit confiftentia, [patio remota habet ; i. €. having 
horizontal points, of the fame confiftence with 
the leaf, at a little diftance from each other, 
' If, inftead of horizontal, he had wrote, in the 
plane of the difk of the leaf, it would have been 
more intelligible ; exemplified in the Leontodon, 
Primula vulgaris, & veris, Epilabium montanum. 


DENTICULATA Semina (denticulus, a little 
tooth] as in the Bidens, 

Denticulatum Folium, as in the He/peris matro- 
nalts. 


DENUDAT 4: [deuudor, to be ftripped na- 
ked] An order of plants. in the Fragmenta me- 
thodi naturalis of Linnzeus, comprehending thefe 
genera, viz. Crocus, Gethyllis, Bulbocodium, Cal- 


chicum. 


DEPENDENS Folium [dependeo, to hang 
down] quod reéta terram fpeciat, pointing direét- 
ly to the ground. 


DETERMINATIO Foliorum, By the de- 
termination 


‘ 


DI 


termination of leaves is meant fome particulari- 
ty exclufive of their proper ftructure, v7. place, 
number, fituation, direction, and infertion. 


DIADELPHIA [Aé, bis, twice, & Adages, 
frater, a brother] Clafs the feventeenth in the 
fexual fyftem, comprehending thofe plants’ 
which bear hermaphrodite flowers with two 
fets of united Stamina; but this circumftance 
muit not be abfolutely depended on, They are 
the Papilionacei of Tournefort, the Jrregulares te- 
irapetali of Rivinus, and the Leguminofe of Ray. 
The flowers are generally pendulous. ‘This is 
the moft natural of all the claffes. The claffi- 
cal characteriftics are thefe, wiz. Catyx, 
Perianthium, monophyllous, campanulate, wi- 
thering ; Ba/is gibbous, attached below to the 
pedunculus, and obtufe at the top; the brim, 
guinquedentate, acute, erect, oblique, unequal, 
the lower odd denticle longeft, and the upper 
pair fhorteft, and farther afunder ; the bottom 
moift with a melleous liquor, inclofing the re- 
ceptaculum. ‘The Calyx, being of confequence in 
determining the genera, merits particular atten- 
tion. CoroLua, papilionaceous, unequal, 
whofe petala are diftinguifhed in the following 
manner ; Vexillum, a petal covering the reft, in- 
cumbent, larger, plano-horizontal, its unguss 
inferted into the fuperior margin of the recepta- 

G2, culum, 


Di 


culum, roundifh on the outfide of the calyx, ale 
moft entire, with a longitudinal ridge efpecially 
towards the apex, the part’of the petal neareft the 
bafis almoft femicylindrical, embracing the 
_ parts | beneath, the di ifcus of the petalum depreffed 
on both fides, turning upwards near the mar- 
gin ; where the divided tube ends, and the 
limb begins to unfold, are two cavities, which 
comprefs the ale beneath : Ala, two petala, e- 
qual, on each fide the flower, under the vexil- 
Jum, their margins incumbent, parallel, fubro- 
tundo-oblong, broader outwards, the upper 
margin ftraighter, the lower rounder; the ba- 
fis of each bifid, the inferior part ftretched into 
an unguis, inferted into the fide of the receptacu- 
lum, about the length of the calyx, the upper 
fhorter, and bent: Carina, the loweft petalyn 
often bipartite, under the Vexillum, and between 
the alz, boat-fhaped, concave, the fides com- 
preffed, fet like a boat in the water, the bafs 
mutilate, of which the inferior part extends into 
an unguis the length of the calyx, and inferted 
into the receptaculum ; but the lateral ‘and fuperi- 
or fhort /acinig are infolded with the correfpon- 
dent part of the ale; the fides of the carina 
are fimilar to the ala both in fhape and fitua- 
tion, except that they are inferior and i interior ; 


the carinal line runs ftraight as far as the mid- 


dle, and then rifes i in the fegment of a circle, 
buc 


: 
: 
: 


Di 

but the marginal line runs ftraight to the apex, 
where the twolines meet, and terminate obtufely. 
Stamina, diadelphia, wwo filamenta of different 
forms, the one inferior involving the pi/ft/lum, 
the other fuperior on the pi/f/lum incumbent ; 
the inferior filament involving the germen, 
membranaceous from the middle downwards, 
cylindrical, opening longitudinally upwards, the 
upper part terminating in nine fubulate radii, i- 
mitating the cordl/a in flexure and length, the 
lower radii being gradually longer, the fuperior 
filament fubulato-fetofe, covering the fiffure of 
the other, incumbent on it, alike in fituation, 
gradually fhorter, fimple, its ba/is detached 
from the other, affording a vent for the honey 
on each fide ; Antherez, ten in all, one on the 
fuperior filament, and one on each of the nine 
radii of the inferior. PisT1LLuM, fingle, grow: 
ing out of the receptaculum within the calyx ; 
Germen, oblong, a little compreffed, ftraight, 
of the length of the inferior filament by which 
it is involved ; Stylus, fubulato-filiform, a- 
fcending, of the fame length and pofition with 
the radii of the filament among which it ftands, 
withering: Svigma, downy, of the length of | 
the Stylus from the part turned upwards, and 
placed immediately under the anthere. PrErti- 
caRPiuM, Legumen oblong, comprefied, obtufe, 
bivalvate, with a longitudinal future both above 
a and 


DI 


and below, both ftraight, yet the upper one de- 
fcends near the bafis, and the lower rifes near 
the apex, opening at the upper future, Semi- 
wa few, roundifh, fmooth,. flefhy, pendulous, 
prominent with an embryo towards the point of 
infertion ; the ova being difcharged, the Co- 
tyledons retain the forms of the divided feed : 
RECEPTACULUM, the proper receptacula of the 
feeds are very f{mall, very fhort, thinner at the 
bafis, obtufe at the dik, oblong, inferted lon- 
gitudinally and alternately in the upper future 
of the Legumen, T he ordersare 4, viz. PENTAN- 
DRIA, containing but one genus, viz. Monieria ; 
HEXANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz. 
Fumaria; OCTANDRIA, containing two genera, 
viz. Polygala & Securidaca; DECANDRIA, con- 
taining 44 genera, viz. Amorpha, Ebenus, Ery- 
thrina, Spartium, Genifia, Lupinus, Anthyllis, 
Efchynomene, Pifcidia, Borbonta, Afpalathus, Q- 
nonisy Crotalaria, Colutea, Phafeolus, Dolichos, 
Orobus, Pifum, Lathyrus, Vicia, Aftragalus, Bi- 
ferrula, Phaca, Pforalea, Trifolium, Glyeyrrhiza, 
Hedyfarum, Corenilla, Ornithepus, Scorpiurus, 
Hippocrepis, Medicago, Trigonella, Glycine, Ciitoria, 
Robinia, Indigofera, Ulex, Cicer, Ervum, Cy- 
tifus, Galega, Lotus, Arachis, Papilionaceorum 
folia jumentis & pecoribus, femina varlis ani- 
malibus efculenta; funt farinacea & flatulenta. 
Lin. 


DI- 


Dt 


DIANDRIA [A4, bis, twice, & aye, mart- 
fus, a hufband] the fecond clafs in the Linnean 
fyftem, comprehending fach hermaphrodite 
flowers as have two flaming: it includes three 
orders, viz. MonaGynia, in which are 26 ge- 
nera, viz. Niétanthes, ‘fafminum, Liguftrum, Phil- 
hyrea, Olea, Chionanthus, Syringa, Eranthemum, 
Circea, Veronica, Pedersta, Fufticia, Dianthe- 
ra, Gratiola, Pinguicula, Utricularia, Verbena, 
Lycopus, Ametyftea, Cunila, Ziziphora, Monar- 
da, Rofmarinus, Salvia, Collinfonia, Morina , 
DicyNia, containing one genus, viz. Antho- 
xanthum, TRiGYNIA, of which alfo there is but 
one genus, viz. Piper. 


DIANGI [Bs, & 2y[@, vas, a veilel, or 
loculamentum] the iixteenth clafs in Boerhaave’s . 
fyftem, containing Lythrum, Saxifrage, &c. 


DICHOTOMUS Caulis [Aizorozos, aiffecius, 
divided’ forked, bifariam femper divifus. 

Dichotomus Pedunculus, as in the Meliffa cala- 
mintha. 


DICOTYLEDONES [3%, 8 co?yl.] A mode 
of placentation, fignifying that the feeds have 
two cotyledons: thefe are either immutate, pli- 
cate, duplicate, obvelute, fpirales, ox redulia. 


DI- 


DiI 


DIDYMA Aathera [Adoug, geminus, twins] 
two upon each filamentum, as in the Ranunculus. 


DIDYNAMIA [Aw, bis, twice, & Avvapec, 
potentia, power] Linnzus’s fourteenth clafs, 
comprehending thofe plants which produce her- 
maphrodite flowers bearing one p/fillum, and 
four flamina, two of which are long and two’ 
fhort. Its claffical charaéteriftics are thefe : 
CaLyrx, Perianthium, monophyllous, ere¢t, 
tubulated, quinguefid, generally with unequal 
fegments, perfifting. CoroLLa, monopetalous, 
ereét, whofe ba/is is tubulated, and ferves the 
purpofe of a neflarium: the limbus is generally 
ringent, its fuperior /abium upright, the infe- 
rior extended horizontally, trifid, the broadeft 
lobe in the middle. Stamina, whofe filaménts 
are fubulate, inferted into the tube of the Corol- 
/a, and inclining towards its back: the inner- 
moft are the fhorteft ; they are all parallel, and 
feldom exceed the ichoth of the Corolla. ‘The 
Anthere are generally hid under the fuperior Ja: 
Lium of the Corolla, in pairs, refpeétively conni- 
vent. PisTiLLuM, the Germen commonly a- 
bove the Receptaculum, a fingle filiform Stylus, 
bent with the filamenta, and generally inclofed 
within them, their fummits a little curved, 
and the /figma emarginate. PERICcARPIUM, 
either entirely wanting, or generally bilocular. 

SEEDs, 


DiI 


Sreps, if there beno Pericarpium, are four, lod- 
ged in the bottom of the Calyx; if there be a Pe- 
ricarpium, they are more numerous, and are 
fixed to a Receptaculum inthe middle of it, Thofe 
of the firft order are the Labiati, and .of the 
fecond, the perfonati of Tournefort. The orders 
two, viz. GYMNOSPERMIA, which, except 
Phryma, have univerfally four feeds ; the /tigma 
bipartite and acute, with the inferior /acinia 
reflexed ; it contains 33 genera, viz. Adjugo, 
Teucrium, Satureja, Ihymbra, Hyffopus, Nepeta, 
Lavandula, Betonica, Sideritis, Mentha, Glecoma, 
Orvala, Lamium, Stachys, Galeopfis, Ballota, 
Marrubium, Leonurus, Phlomis, Moluccella, Clyno- 
podium, Origanum, Thymus, Meliffa, Dracocephalum, 
Horminum, Melittis, Ocymum, Trichoflema, Scy- 
tellaria, Prunella, Prafium, Phryma; ANGio- 
SPERMA, containing 59 genera, viz. Bartfia, Rhi- 
uanthus, Euphrafia,  Melampyrum,  Lathrea, 
Schwalbea, Tozzia, Pedicularis, Gerardia, Chelo- 
ne, Gefneria, Antirrhinum, Cymbaria, Craniolaria, 
Martynia, Torenia, Befleria; Scrophularia, Celfiay 
Digitalis, Bignania, Citharexylum, Halleria, Cre- 
feentia, Gmelina, Petrea, Lantang, Cornutia, Lo; 
efelia, Capraria, Selago, Hebenfiretia, Erinus, Buch- 
nera, Browallia, Linnea, Sibthorpia, Limofella, 
Stemodia, Zginetia, Obolaria, Orobanche, Dodar: 
tia, Lippia, Sefamum, Mimulus, Ruellia, Barle- 
via, Duranta, Ovieda, Ellifia, Volkameria, €le- 

H rodendrum, 


DiI 


rodendrum, Vitex, Bontia, Columnea, Acanihus, Pe- 
dalium, Melanthus. 


DIFFORMIA Folia (0s, & forma, form, 
fhape] when on the fame tree there are leaves 
of different forms; folia diverfe figura ; asin the 
Tithymalus heterophyllus, Rudbeckia foliis inferiori- 
bus trilobis, fuperioribus indivifis ; Hibifcus, foliis 
inferioribus integris, fupertoribus trilobis ; Lepidi- 
um, foliis caulinis pinnato-multifidis, ramis cordatis 
amplexicaulibus integris. 

Difformis Flos, Anomalus of Tournefort, Irre- 
gularis of Linnzus, which fee. 


DIFFUSUS Caulis: diffufed ;. ramis patenti- 
bus; with fpreading branches, as in the Teucri- 
um {cordium. 

Diffufa Panicula, when the pedunculi are long, 
and not very near each other, the flowers being 
confequently difperfed ; oppofed to coarétata. 


DIGITATUM Folium [digitus, a finger] that 
f{pecies of compound leaf in which more than 
one foliclumis connected on the extremity of one 
petiolus : they are termed binatum, ternatum, qui- 
natum, according to the number of folidla of 
which thcy confift. 


DIGYNIA [%s, & Yvs», -maler, a woman] 
The 


DI 
The fecond order in each of the firft thirteen 
claffes, except the ninth, in the Linnzan fy- 
ftem ; it comprehends thofe plants in whofe 
fructification there are two Pi/ffilla, which are 
confidered as the female parts of generation. 


DIMIDIATUM Capfitulum, [dimidius, half ] 
hemifpherical, refembling half a head. 


DIOECIA [ds, 7s, & Om@, domus, a 
hhoufe] The twenty-fecond clafs in the Linne- 
an fyftem, confifting of thofe plants which, ha- 
ving no hermaphrodite flowers, produce male 
and female flowers on feparate plants ; mares et 
femina habitant in diverfis thalamis & domiciliis. In 
every fpecies of this clafs there is both a male 
and a female plant diftintly. The males are 
produced from the female feeds, which how- 
ever require the vicinity of a male plant, with- 
put which they do not propagate. It is necef- 
fary to obferve, with regard to the diftinguifh- 
ing character of this clafs, that there are fome 
particular plants excluded, notwithftanding that 
they produce male and female flowers on fepa- 
rate plants, asin the Morus, Urtica, Croton, Ru- 
mex, Silene, Carex, Rhus, Laurus, Valeriana, 
Rhamnus, Cucubalus, &c. but it does not run u- 
niformly through the whole genus in any of 
them. The orders are fourteen, wiz. Mo- 

H2 NANDRIA, 


DiI 


NANDRSA, containing but one genus, viz. Na- 
jas; Di ANDRIA, containing 3 genera, viz. Va- 
lifneria, Cecropia, Sax ; TRIANDRIA, contain- 
ing 3 genera, viz. Empetrum, Ofjris, Excoecaria 3 
‘TETRANDRIA, containing 5 gencra, viz. Hip- 
pophe, Trophis, Vifcum, Batis, Myrica; PEn- 
TANDRIA, containing 11 genera, viz. Ceratonia, 
Trefine, Cannabis, Humulus, Pifiacia,; Zanonia, 
Spinacia, Acnida, Antedefma, Zanthoxylon, Fewil- 
lea; HEXANDRIA, containing 4 genera, viz. 
Smilax, Tamus, Diofcorea, Rajania; OctTan- 
DRIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Populus, Rhodis- 
la; ENNEANDRIA, containing 2 genera, viz. 
Mercurialis, Hydrocharis ; DECANDRIA, con- 
taining 4 genera, viz. Datifca, Carica, Kiggelaria, 
Coriaria; POLY ANDRIA, containing but one ge- 
nus, Viz. Cliffortia; MoNADELP HEA, containing 
5 genera, viz, Juniperus, Taxus, Ephedra, Ciffam- 
pelos, Adelia; SYNGENESIA, containing but one 
genus, viz, Rufcus; GYNANDRItA, containing 
but one genus, viz. Clutia. 


DIPETALA Corolla [%<, & Mererev, peta- 


lum] confifting of two petala, as in the Circea, 
Commelina, i 


DIPHYLLUS Calyx [3iz, G& vane, folium, 2 


leaf] confifting of two leaves, as in the Papaver, 
Fumaria. 


DI- 


DA 


DIPLOSAN THERE [A:rro@, duplex, dou- 
ble, & Antiera] The feventeenth clafs in Royen’s 
fyftem, containing thofe plants whofe Anthere 
exceed the number of petala ox fegments of the 
Corolla, as far as double the number. It includes 
moft of Linnzus’s Ofandria, Decandria, & Do- 
decandria. 


DEPRESSUM Folium, deprefied, quod in di- 
fco migis deprimitur, quam ad latera; hollow in 
the centre ; the reverie of gidsum, and very dif- 
ferent from compreffum, which fee. 

Depreffa Radix, its tranfverfe diameter being 
greater than the longitudinal, as in the Braffica 
rapa. 


DISCUS, a ditk, or quoit; the middle part 
of a radiate compound flower, which is fur- 
rounded by the Radius. When applied to a 
leaf, it means the whole furface, circumfcribed 
by the margin; and is either fupinus, fuperior, 
or pronus, inferior. 


DISPERMA [&-, & Sperma, a feed] produ- 
cing two feeds, as the Umbellate & Stellata. 


DISSECTUM Folium. See Laciniatum. 


DISSEPIMENTUM, a partition ; paries que 
fructus 


DI 


frudtus interne diftinguitur in concamerationes plures, 
the partition which diftinguifhes the cavity of 
Pericarpia into feparate cells. 


DISSILIENS Siligua [d'ffilio, to break, to fhi- 
ver] burfting with clafticity, as in the Dentaria 
& Cardamine. 


DISTANS Perticillus, diftant: when the 
flowers which compofe the Verticillus, being few 
in number, are diftant.from each other. 

Diftantia Stamina, as in the Mentha. 


DISTICHA Folia, Rami [ex dis, bis, & Sriyes, 
ordo, rank] growing in two rows, or lines drawn 
from the éa/fis to the apex of the ftem or branch, 
as the leaves of the Abies & Diervilla, 

Diflicha Spica, the flowers growing in two 
lines, ad utrumque latus fpectantibus, oppofed to 
Secunda. 


DIVARICATI Rami [divarico, to ftride} 
branches ftraddling wide from each other. 


DIVERGENTES Rami; diverging, oppo- 
pofed to coaréiati. 


DODECANDRIA [iatkxa, duodecim, twelve, 
“& ane, maritus, a hufband] comprehends thofe 
plants 


DO 


plants which produce hermaphrodite flowers, 
which have from twelve to nineteen Stamina, 
both numbers inclufive. In this clafs there are 
five orders, viz. MonoGywnia, which includes 
16 genera, viz. Afarum, Gethillis, Bocconia, Rhi- 
fophora, Blakea, Garcinia, Styrax, Winterania, 
Halefia, Crateva, Triumfetta, Peganum, Nitra- 
ria, Portulaca, Lythrum, Ginora;. Dicynta, 
containing 2 genera, viz Heliocarpus, Agrimonia; 
TRIGYNIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Refeda, 
Euphorbia; PENTAGYNIA, containing but one 
genus, viz. Glinus; OcTAGYNIA, containing 
but one genus, viz. Illicium; DopECAGYNIA, 
containing but one genus, viz. Sempervium. 


DODRANS. The feventh degree in the 
Linnean fcale for meafuring the parts of 
plants : the fpace between the extremity of the 
thumb and that of the little-finger when both ex- 
tended ; or nine Parifian inches. See Menfura, 


DODRANTALIS Caulis [A Dodrans, nine. 


inches]. See Dodrans. 


DOLABRIFORME Folium [dolabra, an axe} 
implies fubftance : in fhape fomewhat refembling 
an axe; compreffum, fubrotundum, obtufum, extror= 

Jum gibbum, acie acuta, inferne teretrufculum, as in 
the Mefembryanthemum dolabrif. 


DOR- 


DU 


DORSALIS 4rifa [probably for dorfualis, a 
dorfum, the back] Fixed to the back or exter- 
nal part of the Gluma, as in the Avena. 


DRUPA [Ages arbor, & wizlo, cado, to fall; 
ripe fruit]. A full pulpy Pericarpium, with- 
out Valvulz, containing a ftone, as the plumb, 
the peach, &c. Fruéius mollis aofficulo, Tournef. 
Prunus of others, 


DRUPACE# [Drupa] An order of plants 
inthe Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, 
containing thefe genera, viz. Amygdalus, Prunus, 
Cerafus, Padus. 


DUMOS£: [a dumus, a bufb] An order of 
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin: — 
neus, containing the following gezera, viz. Vi- 
burnum, Tinus, Opulus, Scambucus, Rondeletia, 
Bellonia, Caffine, Ilex, Tomax, &c. 


DUPLICATA Radix [a duplex, double] a 
fpecies of the bulbofa, confifting of two folid 
bulbs, as in fome fpecies of the Orchis. ‘Thefe 
roots are alfo called Te/ficulata. 

Duplicate Cotyledones, doubled; a fpecies of 
the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Adalva, and 
the clafs Zetradynamia, 


NC- 


EM 


DUPLICATO SERRATUM Folium, faw- 
ed double, with leffer teeth within the greater, 
as Water Hoarhound. Hill. 


EB 


EBRACTEATUS Racemus [é priv. & bra- 
éiea, a bracteal or floral leaf] without bradea, 
as in the Ciflus guttatus. 


ECAUDATA Corella [2 priv. & Cauda, a 
tail] a fpecific term oppofed to the elongation 
of the bafe of the Corgl/a in the form of a tail, 
as in the Antirrhinum cymbalaria. 


ECHINATUM Pericarpium LExin@, Erina- 
ceus, a hedgehog] befet with prickles. 


EFFLORESCENTIA [efflorefco, to blow, to 
bloom] comprehends the precife time of the 
year and month when a plant fhews its firft 
flowers. 


EMARGINATUM Folium [¢, & margo, the 
margin] deficient in its margin. When applied 
to the apex of a leaf, it fignifies, terminating 
in a notch, the margin being difcontinued or 
broken, guod terminatur crena. 

I Emarginatum 


EN 
Emarginatum Stigma, notched, as is frequent 
in the clafs Didynamia of Linnzeus. 


ENERVIUM Folium [é, & nervus, a nerve, 
or firing] having no apparent nerves. See 


Nervofum. 


ENNEANDRIA [Ewa, novem, nine, & ame, 
maritus, a hufband] The ninth clafs in the 
Linnean fyftem, comprehending fuch herma- 
phrodite flowers as bear nine Stamina. ‘The 
orders are three, viz. Monocynra, of which 
there are threc genera, viz. Laurus, Tinus, Caf- 
fytha,; Trreynia, of which there is but one 
genus, viz. Rheum, Hexaeynra, of which 
there is likewife but one genus, viz. Putomus. 


ENNEAPETALA CGvrolla [sve, movem; 
nine, & Merwaaa, petalum] confifting of nine 
petala, as in Thea, Magnolia, Liriodendron. 


ENODIS Caulis, Gulmus [ex @ 8 nodus] “he- 
ving no knots, or joints ; quz continuus eft, ‘nec-ar- 
ticulis interceptus : oppofed to ariiculatus. 


ENSATZ [Enfs, a fword] An order of 
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin- 


nzus, containing the following genera, viz. Iris, 
‘Gladiolus, 


ER 


Gladiclus, Antholiza, Ixia, Sifyrinchium, Comme- 
lina, Xyris, Eriocaulon, Aphyllanthes. 


ENSIFORME Folium [enfis, a {word] ef? 
anceps a bafi verfus apicem adtenuatum, {haped like 
a two-edged fword, gradually tapering to the 
point, asin the Anthericum offifrag. S calycula- 


tum. 


EQUITANTIA Folia [equitans, riding] A 
term in foliation, which implies the fides of the 
leaves being parallel, and the interior included 
by the exterior, as in the Hemerocallis, Poa, 
Tris, Acorus, Carex, & Gramina nonnulla. 


ERECTUS Caulis, Ramus, Folium; erect, 
upright, perpendicular ; but, when applied to a 
branch or leaf, muft not be underftood abfolute- 
ly, but as forming an acute angle with the 
Caulis, fo as to be nearly erect; ad angulum acutif- 
fimum cauli adfidens. 

Ereéia Anthera, fixed by one extremity to the 
apex of the filamentum, oppofed to Incumbens 8 


Verfatilis. 


EROSUM Folium [ab erodor, to be gnawed] 
cum folium finuatum margine alios minimos obtujas 
acquirit; when a. finuated leaf has. its. margin 
a broken, 


FA 
broken by fmaller obtufe finufes, as if gnawed 
or eaten. 


EXSERTA Stamina [ab exfere, to put forth] 
when the Stamina appear above the Corolla, op- 
pofed to inclufa, exemplified in the Erica multi- 


flora. 


EXSTIPULATUS [ab ex, & /iipula, ftubble 
or ftraw] without //pule, as in the Cardamine 


parvifiore. 


EXSUCCUM Folium (ex, & fuccus, juice] re- 
gards the fubftance of leaves; dry, oppofed te 


fucculentum. 


EXTRAFOLIACE Stpule [extra, & Soli 
um] growing on the outfide of the leaves of the 
plant, asin the Betula, Tilia, Alnus, and the 
clafs Diadelphia. 


F. 


FARCTUM Filium [ farcio, to ftuff, to 
cram] oppofed to Tubulsfum, and Fifiulofum. 


FASCICULATA Folia (Fafciculus, a little 
bundle] leaves growing in bunches or bundles, 
; _ many 


- 


FA 


many of them from the fame point, as in the 
Larix, Pinus, &c. 


FASCICULARIS Radix [a Fafcis, a bundle] 
bundled ; a fpecies of the Tuberofe root, in 
which the knobs are colle&ted in bundles, as in 
Paonia. 


FASCICULUS [dim. 4 fafcis, a bundle] a 
{pecies of inflorefcence, in which the flowers 
grow ere¢t, parallel, clofe to each other, form- 
ing together a flat furface ; colligit flores erecios, 
parallelos, faftigiates, approximatos, as in the D:- 
anthus barbatus, Sweetwilliam. 


FASCIATA Planta [ fafcis, a bundle] when 
many caules srow together fo as to forma com- 
pact bundle. 


FASTIGIATI Pedunculi [Faftigium, the 
apex, or top of a pyramid, &c.] pointed at the 
top. Linnzus applies this term to flowers whofe 
pedunculi are fo proportioned in length as to 
form a horizontal plain, exemplified in the Di- 
anthi & Silenes, There is a manifeft impro- 
pricty in this application, unlefs we fuppofe the 
pyramid inverted. 


FAUX, the jaws or chops; the Aiatus of the 
tube 


FI 


tube of the Corellia; occurring frequently in the 
clafs Didynamia of Linneus. 


FEMINA Plania, female plant; producing 
on the fame root female flowers only. 

Femineus flos, producing figmata, but no an- 
thera. : 


FIBROSA Redix [a ftbra, a fibre] a fibrous 
root ufed by former botanifts to fignify that kind 
of root which not exceeding in dimentfion the ba- 
fis of its ftem, defcends perpendicularly in one 
firaight fibre, as in Paffinaca, Raphanus, &c.: 
but Linnzus applies it to thofe roots only 
which confift entirely of fmall fibres, or Radi- 


cula. 


FILAMENTOSA Radix [Filum, a thread] 
a fpecies of the Fibrofa, asin grafs. Hill. 


FILAMENTUM [a Filum, a thread] that 
thread-like part of the Stamen, which fupports 
the Anthera, and connects it with the Receptacu- 
lum. 


. FILICES [4 flum, a thread, gu. filatim incifa] 
Ferns; one of the feven tribes or families of 
the vegetable kingdom, according to Linnzus, 
by whem it is thus chara¢lerized; having their 

fructification 


F I 


fruttification on the backfide of the Fronds, 
They conititute the firft order in the clafs Cry- 
plogamia, and confift of 16 genera, which are 
divided into fruétificationes fpicate, frondofa, & 
radicales, This order comprehends the entire 
xvi clafs of Tournefort, in whofe fyftem ‘the 
Filices make only a fingle genus, in the firtt fec- 
tion of the above-mentioned clafs. 

Filices, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
method: naturalis of Linneus. 


FILIFORMIS Filamentum, Stylus, Recepta- 
culum [Filum, a thread, & forma, form or 
fhape] of an equal thicknefs from top to bot- 
tom, oppofed to /ubulatus. 


FIMBRICATA Petale [Fimbria, a barder, 
or fringe] fringed, as in the Adenyanthes, Paf- 


A ora, 


FISSUM Folium [a findor, to be cloven] cleft, 
or divided half-way down, its finufes being li- 
near and margins ftraight, jinubus linearibus, 
marginibus reéiis: according to the number of 
divifions it is called bifidum, trifidum, quadrifidum, 
quinquefidum, multifidum. It differs from the 
Lobatum in its fiffures not being fo deep, nor 
concave, nor wide; and from Partitum, in be- 
ing divided only half-way dowa, 
Fi- 


FL 


FISTULOSUS Caulis [a Fiftula, a pipe] a 
hollow ftem, oppofed to Faréus. 
Fiftulofum folium, as in the Ocnanthe fiftulofa, 


FLABELLUM, a fan. Ludwig defines it 
to be caulis lateralis repens vel fub terra, vel in ejus 
fuperficie, ex cujus nodis in inferiore parte fibrille 
exeunt. Inftitut, § 395. The Repens caulis of 
Linnzus, which fee. 


FLACCIDUS Pedunculus, feeble, flaccid, — 
oppofed to rigidus, ftridius; cum ita debilis ut a 
proprio forts pandere dependeat, 

Flaccidus Caulis, as in the Galium mollugo, 


FLAGELLUM [a flagrum, a whip or thong} 
a barren twig or {hoot like a thong, as in the 
Fragaria vefca; herbaceous as in the Rubus fa- 
xatilis. 


FLEXUOSUS Caulis, Culmus, having ma- 
ny turnings; taking a different dire¢tion at e- 
very joint ; horfum verfum flexus, as in the Smilax. 


FLORALIA Folia (Flos, a flower] are thofe 
leaves which immediately attend the flower : 
when they differ in fhape or colour from the o- 
ther leaves, they are termed Brace, 


FLO- 


FO 
FLORALIS Gemma [ fies] regards the con- 


tents of the gemma; containing a flower, oppo- 
fed to foliaris. 


FLORIFER/ Gemma [ flos, & fero, to bear] 


producing flowers. 


FLOS, a flower. Flowers are the organs of 
generation of plants together with their cover- 
ing. ‘They may be either terminales, laterales, 
Sparft, feffiles, pedunculati, unicus, leer ids: ternt, 
&c. copiofi, erecti, cerni, nutantes, verticales, or 
horizontales. ‘The effential parts of a flower are 
the Anthera and Stigma, which conftitute its ex- 

iftence, with or without teguments, 


FLOSCULUS, a little flower; one of the 
difting flowers, or florets, which compofe a 
Flos aggregatus, an aggregate flower, as in the 
clals Syngenefia of the fexual fyftem of Linnzus. 


FOLIACEZ Glandule, when upon the 
leaves: thefe are either in the ferratures, as in 
the Salix; on the befis, as in the Amygdalus, 
Cucurbita, Eleocarpus, Impatiens, Padus, Opu- 
lus ; on the back, as in the Urena, Tamarix, 
Croton ; or on the fuperficies, as in the Pingu: 
cola, Drofera, &c. 


K rO- 


FO 
FOLIARIS Cirrus [ folium, a leaf] a ten- 


dril proceeding from a leaf. 
Foitaris Gemmatio, regards the contents of the 
gemma, and not its origin ; containing leaves, 


oppofed to fioralis, 


FOLIATIO Planta [ folium] the complica- 
tion of the leaves whilft folded within the Gem- 
ma, or bud: it is either invaluta, reveluta, obvo- 
‘uta, convoluta, imbricata, equitantia, conduplicata, 
plata, reclinata, or circinalia, 


FOLIATUS Caulis ; covered with leaves, as 
in the Gladiolus, 


FOLIIFERA Gemma [folium, & fero, to 


bear] producing leaves. 


FOLIOLUM [dim. of folium, a green leaf] 
one of the fingle leaves which together confti- 
tute a folium compofitum. : 


FOLIOSUM Capitulum [ folium] leafy, co- 
vered or intermixed with leaves, oppofed to 
nudum. 


FOLIUM, aleaf; the green leaf of a vegeta- 
ble. Leaves, according to Linnzus, are the 
lungs 


FR 


lungs of plants by which they attract and tran- 
{pire the air: they are fimplex or compofitum. 


FOLLICULUS [dim. a follis, a bag] a fpe- 
cies of Pericarpium firft mentioned by Linnzus 
in his Delineatio Plante : it is univalvis, or bival- 
vis: it feems to exprefs what he formerly de- 
noted by conceptaculum. 

Folliculi are little glandular veffels diftended 
with air, on the furface of fome plants, as at 
the root of the Utricularia, and on the leaves 
of the Aldrovanda: in the firft inftance they are 
vafcula bicornia, and in the latter folliculi Jfemictr- 
culares, 


FORNICATUM Petalum [Fornix, an arch 
or vault] arched, or vaulted, as in the Lamium, 


Galeopfis, Stachys. 


FREQUENS Planta, frequent, when grow- 
ing fpontaneoufly in great numbers, fynonym, 
with Vulgaris. 


FRONDESCENTIA [ frons, a leaf] com- 
prehends the precife time of the year when a 
plant firft unfolds its leaves. 


FRONDOSUS caudex [ frons, which fee] as 
in the Palme. 
K 2 Frondofus 


FR 


Frondofus prolifer flos. A proliferous flower is 


faid to be frondofus when the proles are faolioft, 
leafy. 


FRONS, a leaf or branch of a tree: ufed 
by Linnzeus to exprefs the peculiar kind of 
leaves of palms and ferns ; Trunci fpecies ex ra- 
mo coadunatus folio, &F fepius fruétificatione, 


FRUCTESCENTIA [Fruétus, fruit] com- 
prehends the precife time of the year when a 
plant fcatters its ripe feeds. 


FRUCTIFICATIO [ fraéus, fruit] as de- 
fined by Linnzus, ¢f vegetabilium pars tempora- 
ria, generationi dicata, antiqguum terminans, novum 
incipiens ; the temporary part of vegetables, ap- 
propriated to generation, terminating the old 
vegetable and beginning the new. It confifts 
of feven diftin&t parts, viz. Calyx, Corella, Sta- 
mina, Piftillum, Pericarpium, Semen, Receptacu- 
lum. Fruéiificatio may be either: /i yo ae or con 


pofita ex flofculis. 


FRUCTIFLOR [Fruéius, fruit, & flos, 
a flower] The tenth clafs in Royen’s fyftem : 
it contains the Coronati of Linneus’s Adethodus 
Calycina. 


FRU- © 


FR 


FRUSTRANEA Polygamia [ frufira, to no 
purpofe] The third order in the clafs Syngenefa 
of Linnzus, containing thofe plants in the com- 
pofition of whofe flowers fome of the fiafcul: 
are hermaphrodite, and others neuter; in 
which cafe the latter are of no confequence, 
the fructification being perfect in the herma- 
phrodites. 


FRUTEX, a fhrub. Shrubs, according to 
Linneus, make a branch of the feventh family 
in the vegetable kingdom, and are diftinguifhed 
from trees in that they come up without buds ; 
but this diftinction is not univerfal, though it 
be generally juft with regard to thofe of Eu- 
rope. Nature hath made no abfolute diftinc- 
tion between fhrubs and trees, Fyutex, in its 
general acceptation, is a plant whofe trunk is 
perennial, gemmiparous, woody, dividing and 
fubdividing into a great number of branches. 
In fhort, it is the epitome of a tree, exemplified 
in the rofe-buth. 


FRUTICOSUS Caulis [a Frutex, a fhrub] 
See Frutex. 


FUGACISSIMA Petala [ fugax, fleeting] of 
very fhort continuance ; foon falling off, as in 
the Cardamine impatiens, 


FUL- 


FU 


FULCRATUS Caulis, Ramus: [ fulcio, to 
prop] the branch defcending to the ground, and 
fupporting the ftem, as in the Ficus. 


FULCRUM, a prop, a fupport. Fukra, 
fays Linnzus, edminicule funt pro commodiore fuf- 
tentatione: rather, Fule-a are certain minute 
parts of plants which ferve to ftrengthen, fup- 
port, and defend them : they are of feven dif- 
ferent kinds, viz. Petiglus, Stipula, Cirrbus, Pu- 
bes, Arma, Brattea, Pedunculus. 


FUNGI [a coyyes, fungus] One of the 
feven families or tribes of the vegetable 
kingdom, according to Linnzus, comprehend- 
ing all thofe which are of the mufhroom kind, 
and which in Tournefort conftitute the 2d, 
3d, 4th, sth, 6th, 7th, and 8th genera of the 
firft feétion in the clafs xvii. 

Fungi, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linneus. 


FURCATA /frons [a furca, a fork] forked, 
as in the ‘fungermannia furcata, 
Furcata Seta, asin the Leontodon hifpidum. 


FURCZE, forks ; a fpecies of Arma growing 
on the furface of certain plants for their defence 
againft external injuries: they are bifida, trifi- 

cay 


GE 


dz, &c, according to the number of prongs of 
which each furca confifts. Thefe Furce are 
exemplified in the following plants, Berberis, 
Ribes, Gleditfia, Mefembryanthemum, Ofteofper- 


mum, Ballota, Barleria, Fagonia, Poterium, 


FUSIFORMIS Radix [4 Fufus, a f{pindle] 


fpindle-fhaped root, z. ¢. tapering downward 


to a point, as in the Daucus, Paffinaca, &c. 
Fufiforme folium, as in the Craffula rubens. 


G. 


GALEA [8 ya, felis, a cat] an helmet ; a 


_ term.applied to the Corel/a of the clafs Gynan- 


dria, and fome of the Dydinamia when it is 
formed into the fhape of an helmet, exempli- 
fied in the Orchis, and in the Pedicularis roftrata. 


GALEATUM labium [a Galea, an helmet] 
fhapedilike an ‘helmet, -as in the Rinanthus. 


GEMINZE Stipule, erewing in pairs, as in 


mott plants. 


GEMINATUS Pedunculus [geminus, double] 


_two proceeding from the fame part ; growing 


in ‘pairs. 


GiM- 


GE 


GEMMA [an a geno, i.e. gigno; ana yee, 
plenus fum] a bud; an hybernaculum on the a- 
fcending caudex: it confifts either of Stipule, Pe- 
tioli, the rudiments of leaves, or cortical /quam- 
me. The various f{pecies of gemme are decidua, 
folitfera, folufere S florifera diflinite, foliifere 
& jfiorifere feminea, foliifera & florifere mafeu= 
la, folufere & florifera hermaphrodite, fottifero- 
flrifera. 


GEMMATIO [gemma, a young bud] the 
formation of the gemma from leaves, /fipule, pe- 
tioli, or fguamme. With regard to its bulb, it 
is folidus, tunicatus, /quammatus, or caulinus ; as 
to its origin, it is pettolaris, /tipularis, or cortica- 
lis; and in refpect to its contents, foliaris, flo- 
ralis, communis. 


GEMMIPARUS [Gemma, a bud, & pario, to 
bear] producing buds, 


GENERA Planterum, is the fecond fubdivi- 
fion in the Linnzan fyftem: it comprehends 
an afiemblage of fpecies, fimilar in their parts 
of fructification, under the fame clafs and 
order. 


GENICULATUS Caulis, Culmus, Pedun- 
culus [genu, the knee] in its general acceptation 
fignifies 


GL 


fignifies jointed, fynonymous with articulatus ; 
but in Linnzus it implies the joints forming a 
very obtufe angle, as when the knee is a little 
bent 5 flexuofus in a {mall degree. 


GENICULUM [eenu, the knee] the little 
knots or joints of a Culmus. 


GERMEN, a fprout or bud; the bafis of 
the Piffillum; the rudiment cf the fruit yet 7 
embryo, 


GIBBUM Folium [gibba, a hump on the 
back] quod utramque fuperficiem facit convexam, me: 
diante coptofiore pulpa ; when by means of the in- 
termediate pulp both furfaces are rendered con- 
vex. 

Gibbum Perianthium, regards the bafe of the 
Perianthium, as in the clafs Diadelphia & Tetra- 
dynama of Linnzus. 


GLABER, Caulis, Folium ; fmooth, having 
an even furface, quod fuperficte levi eft, abfque 
omni inequalitate: oppofed to Scaber, and ex- 
emplified in the Daphne lauresla, Arbutus unedo. 


GLADIATA filiqua [a gladius, a {word or 
knife] fhaped like a fword, as in the Cleome arabica. 


GLANDUL&, a fpecies of fecretory, or 


L excretory 


ai 


GL 


excretory veflels on the furface of fome 
plants : they are either petiolares, foliacee, ftipu- 
lares, capillares, or port. 


GLANDULATIO [glans, an acorn, a 
gland], regards the fecretory veffels of plants ; 
thefe are Glandula, Folliculi, or Utriculi. 


GLANDULIFERA Scabrities, a fpecies of 
fetaceous Scabrities on the furface of fome 
plants, in which there are minute glands on the 
extremity of each briftle, as in the Rides. Lin. 
This is undoubtedly a very improper applica- 
tion of the word Scabrities. 


GLAREOSIS, /acis underftood [glareo, gra- 
vel] growing generally on a dry gravelly foil. 


GLAUCOPHYLLUOS [Paavxes, glaucus, blue, 
& vary, folium, a leaf] azure-leaved, as the 
Canna glauca. 

GLOBOSA Radix, [a globus, a globe] a round 
root, as in Bunium, and fome fpecies of Ra- 
nunculus, &c. 

Globofum Capitulum, a round capitulum, diftin- — 
guifhed from /ubrotundum, dimidiatum. 


GLOBULARIS Scabrities [dim. a globus, a 


— round 


GL 


round ball or globe] A fpecies of glandular 
Scabrities, fcarce vifible to the naked eye, the 
fimall grains of which are exaétly globular, on 
the furface of fome plants, as in the #riplex, 
Chenopodium, &c. 


GLOCHIDES [faexis, cufpis, a point] the 
fall points of the pubes of plants. In the Phil. 
Botanica Linneus applies this term only to the 
hami-triglochides, three-pointed, as in the Lap- 


pula. 


GLOMERATA Spica [a glomus, a clue of 
yarn or thread] indicates the flowers growing 
clofe together in fomewhat of a globular form, 
as in the Pancium tialicum. 

Glomerata Panicula, as in the Poa ciliaris. 


GLUMA (A giubo, to ftrip the bark from a 
tree] hufk, chaff; a fpecies of calyx peculiar 
to corn and grafs, infolding the ari/fa : it may 
be uniflora, multiflora, univalvis, bivalvis, multi- 
walvis, colorata, glabra, bifpida. 


GLUMOSUS [from Gluma] applied to an 
aggregate flower with a filiform Receptaculum, 
whofe da/is is provided with a common Gluma, 
hutk, 


L 2 GLU- 


GR 
GLUTINOSITAS [gluten, glue, pafte] a 


fpecies of Pubes, according to Linnzus; but 
in what refpect different in its fignification from 
Vifesfitas, 1 am at a lofs to determine, unlefs 
he intends that it fhould mean vifcofity in a 
higher degree, covered with a ftiffer glue. 


GRAMINA, graffes; one of the feven tribes, 
or families, of the vegetable kingdom, accord- 
ing to Linnzus, by whom it is thus charaéteri- 
fed : having the moft fimple leaves, an articu- 
lated culmus, a glumofe calyx, and a fingle feed. 
‘This family includes the feveral kinds of corn 
as well as grafies. In Tournefort the gramina 
(graffcs only) make the 8th genus of the 3d 
fection in clafs xv. Graminum folia pecoribus & 
jumentis lata pafcua; Semina minora avibus, ma- 
jora bominibus efculenta funt. 

Gramina, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnzus. 


GRANULATA Radix [from granum, a 
grain] granulated ; confifting of many little 
knobs attached by fmall ftrings, as in the 


Saxifraga granulata; ‘Thefe roots are alfo call- 
ed aggregata, 


GYMNOSPERMIA [Toeves, nudus, naked, 
& Zweguea, feed] The firft order in the clafs 
Didynamia 


a) 


Didynamia of Linnzus: it comprehends thofe 
plants, of that clafs, which have naked feeds. 
The feeds are conftantly four in number, except 
in one genus, viz. Phryma, which is monofpermus. 
Thefe are the Labiatz.of Tournefort, and /er- 
ticillate of Ray. 


GYNANDRIA [Tom, mulier, 2 woman, & 
Ame, vir, aman] The twentieth clafs in the 
Linnean fyftem ; it confifts of thofe hermaphro- 
dite plants whofe /famina grow either upon the 
Stylus, or on an elongated Recepiaculum, refem- 
bling a Stylus, and fupporting both Piftillum and 
Stamina. ‘The firftorder, viz. DrIAnprRra, of 
this clafs, is a natural one, the genera differing 
only in the Neéartum. ‘The ftruéture of the 
parts of fructification of this order is very fin- 
gular: the Germen is always contortum; the Pe- 
tala are five, of which the two interior general- 
ly approach fo as to forma Galea, whofe infe- 
rior /abium becomes Neétarium, which alfo 

-fupplies the place of a Pi/fillum and fixth Peia- 
lum; the Stylus adheres to the inferior margin 
of the Neétarium, fo that it is hardly diftin- 
guifhable; the Filamenta are invariably two, 
fhort, fupporting two Anthere, which grow 
narrow downward, are naked, and divifible 
like the pulp of the Citrus : thefe are included 
in two cellule which are open below, and adhere 


to 


er a tity 


HA 


to the interior margin of the NeSarium. The 
fruit is a Capfula, unilocularis, trivalvis, dividing 
under the carinate ribs. The feeds are fcobiform, 
numerous, fixed in each valvula to a linear Re- 
ceptaculum, Vives aphrodifiace omnibus his plantis 
ab omnibus medicis adfcribuntur. This order has 
eight genera, viz. Orchis, Satyrium, Ophrys, Se- 
rapies, Limodorum, Cypripedium, Epidendrum, A- 
rethuja : "TRIANDRIA, containing but one ge- 
nus, viz. Sifyrinchum: TETRANDRIA, contain- 
ing but one genus, viz. Nepenthes; PENTAGY- 
NIA, containing two genera, viz. Ayena & Paf- 
fifora; HExaNDRIA, containing but one genus, 
viz. Ariftolochia; OCTANDRIA, containing but 
one genus, viz. Piffia; DECANDRIA, contain- 
ing but one genus, viz. Helicteris; PoLYAND- 
RIA, containing feven genera, viz. Xylopia, 
Grewia, Pothos, Dracontium, Calla, Arum, Zo- 


Sfiera. 


H. 


HABITUALIS Character [Habitus] The 
character or defcription of a plant taken from 
its habitus, Which according to Linneus confifts 
in the placentatio, radicatio, ramificatio, intorfio, 
foliatio, fipulatio, pubefcentia, inflorefcentia. 


HA- 


H A 
HABITUS Plante, habit, external appear- 


ance, facies externa ; fo it was underftood by 
former botanifts ; but Linneus inthe Phil, Bo- 
tan. defines it thus, conformitas quedam vegetabi- 
lium affinium & congenerum in placentatione, radi- 
catione, ramificatione, intoxfione, gemmatione, folia- 
tione, fipulatione, pubcfcentia, glendutatione, la- 
fiefcentia, inflorefcentia, aliifque. In his Delinea- 
tio Planta, we find under the general title Hadi- 
tus, vernatio, aftivatio, fomnus, vartatio, fpanfa- 
lia, feminatio. 


HAMOSA feta [Aun, falx, a hook, afking 
‘Mr Ainfworth’s pardon] hooked. Setaceous 
or briftly pubefcence is termed hamofa when the 
apex of each feta is curved : adherent animalibus 
pretereuntibus, fays Linneus. Hami are either 
‘triglachides, as in the Lappula; or incurvi, as in 
the Aréium, Marrubium, Xanthium, Petiveria. 


HASTATUM Folium [Hafia, a fpear] a. 
leaf in fhape refembling the head of an halbert, 
triangulare, bafi lateribufque excavatis angulis patu- 
lis, as in the Scutellarya ba/ftifolia. 


HEDERIFOLIA [Hedera, the ivy] ivy-lea- 
ved, as in Veronica hederifolia. 
HEMISPHERICUS Calyx [cx dus, femis, half, 


& 


HE 


& oQwien, [phera,a {phere] half a fphere, as in 
the Tanacetum. 


HEPTANDRIA [E-le, feptem, feven, & A- 
vie, maritus, a hufband] Linnzus’s feventh 
clafs, comprehending thofe hermaphrodite 
flowers which have feven Stamiza ; it has four 
orders, viz. MonoGynia, which contains two 
genera, viz. Trientalis, Aifculus ; Dicynia, 
which has but one genus, viz. Limeum; TR1- 
GywniA, alfo with but one genus, viz. Saururus; 
Hepracynta, in which there is likewife but 
one genus, viz. Septas. 


HERBA [de etym. parum conflat] an herb : 
according to Linnzeus, it is that part of the ve- 
getable which arifes from the root, is termina- 
ted by the fruétification, and comprehends the 
truncus, folia, fulera, & hybernaculum. 

Herbz, properly fpeaking, are thofe plants 
whofe {tems perifh annually. Yournef. 


HERBACE Plante [herba, an herb] are 
thofe plants which annually perifh down to the 
root ; for in the perennial kinds the gemme 
are produced on the root. Lz. 

Herbaceus Caulis, indicates the time of dura- 
tion of the ftem; dying annually : not woody, 
oppofed to Fruticofus, & Suffruticofus. 

_ HER- 


HE 


HERMAPHRODITUS Fils [ab Eguns, Mer- 
cury, & Adggodsrn, Venus] that which contains both 
Anthere and Stigma: of this kind are all Lin- 
nzus’s 24 clafles, except the 21ft, 22d, & 24th. 
A plant is called. Hermaphrodita, when on the 
fame root it produces hermaphredite flowers 
only. There are alfo Flores hermaphroditi, male 
hermaphrodites, and hermaphrodite, female her- 
maphrodites: the firft is when the Pi/ullum, 
the fecond, when the Stamina are abortive ; but 
thefe inftances are rare. 


-HESPERID & [Hefperides, whofe orchards 
produced golden fruit]. An order of plants 
in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, 
containing thefe genera, viz. Citrus, Styrax, Gar- 
cinia. 


HEXAGONUS Caulis. See Trigonus. 


HEXANDRIA [E2, /fex, fix, & Ame, wir, 
a man] The fixth clafs in the Linnzan fyftem ; 
it confifts of thofe plants which produce her- 
maphrodite flowers with fix Stamina, of equal 
length. The orders are five, viz, Monocy- 
NIA, of which there are 51 genera, viz. Brome- 
lia, Tillandfia, Burmannia, Tradefcantia, Pontede- 
ria, Hamanthus, Galanthus, Leucojum, Narciffus, 
Pancratium, Crinum, Amaryllis, Bulbecodium, A- 


Bee ere M phyllanthes, 


HE 


phyllanthes, Allium, Lilium, Fritillaria, Uvula- 
ria, Gloriofa, Evithronium, Tulipa, Albuca, Hy- 
poxis, Ornithogalum, Scilla, Cyanella, Afphodelus, 
Anthericum, Leontice, Afparagus, Convallaria, Po- 
lianthes, Hyacinthus, Aletris, Yucca, Aloe, Agave, 
Alfiroemeria, Hemerocallis, Acorus, Orontium, Ca- 
lamus, “funcus, Achras, Richardia, Burfera, 
Prinos, Berberis, Loranthus, Frankenia, Peplis ; 
Dicynia, containing 3 genera, viz. Velezia, 
Oryza, Atraphaxis; TRIGYNIA, containing 9 
genera, viz. Flagellaria, Rumex, Scheuchzeria, 
Triglchin, Melanthium, Medeola, Trillium, Col- 
chicum, Helonia; TETRAGYN1A contains but 
one genus, viz. Petiveria; POLIGYNIA contains 
but one genus, viz. Alifma. WHexandriz radices 
fecundum faporem & odorem edules aut noxiz 
funt: edules funt radicesinodorate. Lin, 


HEXAGYNIA [¢, fex, fix, & Tom, mulier, 
a woman] One of the orders in the 9th and 
13th claffes in the Linnzean fyftem ; containing 
thofe plants in whofe frudtification there are 
fix Stylr, which are confidered as the female or- 
gans of generation. 


HEXAPETALA Corolla [&, fex, 8& Werenror, 


petalum] confifting of fix petala, as in the Tu- 


Lipa, Lilium, Podophyllum, 
HEX- 


etn, 


HI 
HEXAPHYLLUS Calyx [®vrare, folium, a 


leaf ] Confifting of fix leaves, as in the Berberis. 


HIANS Corolla, gaping ; a fpecific diftinc- 
tion, exemplified in the Melampyrum fylvaticum ; 
oppofed to claufa. 


HILUM, the black eye of a bean ; the ex- 
ternal mark on the feed by which it was fixed 
to the fruit, evident in the Cardio/permum & Sta- 
phylaa. 


HIRSUTUS calyx, rough, hairy, as in the 
Serratula alpina. 


HISPIDUS Caulis: fetis rigidis afperfus 5 co- 
vered with ftrong fragile briftles, or prickles, 
but whofe roots are only fuperficial, fo as to 
ftrip off with the rind, as in the Braffica eruca- 

rum. 


Hifpidum Folium, as in the Turritis birfuta. 


HOLERACE [Olus, pot-herbs, or herbs 
for fogd] An order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linneus, containing thefe 
genera, Spinacia, Blitum, Beta, Galenia, Atri- 
plex, Chenopodium, Rivina, Petiveria, Herniaria,, 
Illecebrum, &c. 


M 2 HO- 


ee 


HORIZONTALIS Flos [horizon] growing 
with its difk parallel to the plain of the hori- 
zon, oppofed to verticalis, Or, perhaps Lin- 
nus may mean proceeding from the ftem in a 
horizontal direction. 

Horixzontalis Radix, a {pecies of Caudex defcen- 
dens, qua {ub terra tranfverfim extenditur, extend- 
ing horizontally, as in the Iris. 

Hrizontale folium, growing at right angles 
with the ftem. . 


HYBERNACULUM, a place to winter in ; 
eft herbe compendium fuper radicem antequam excre- 
feens : it is that part of the plant which inclofes 
and fecures the embryo from external injuries 
during the winter; it is either a Bulbus, or a 
Gemma, 


HYBRIDA Planta [r€es, injuria, injury, 
difhonour] A monftrous production of twa 
different {pecies, analogous to a mule in the a- 
nimal creation. The feeds of thefe plants will 
not propagate. This term was ufed by former 
botanifts to exprefs what Linnzus calls Polyga- 
mia, which fee. Thefium linophyllon, Antirrhi- 
uum fpurium, Linaria, are examples of the hy- 
brida. 


HYPOCRATERIFORMIS Carolla Foxe, ab, 
& 


rc 


& xearng, evater, a cup] A monopetalous Coral- 
la fo called when the Limbus expands horizon- 
tally in the form of a falver, diftinguithed, in 
having a tubus, from the rotatus ; exemplified 
inthe Afjofotis feorpioides, Hottonia. 


2 


ICOSANDRIA [Eizoct, viginti, & Ayme, ma- 
ritus, a hufband] the twelfth clafs in the Lin- 
nzan fyftem, comprehending thofe plants which 
have hermaphrodite flowers with twenty or 
more Stamina ; but the number of the Stamina 
is not to be confidered as a pofitive characteri- 
ftic. ‘The claffical character, which diftinguith- 
es this from the clafs Polandria, is, 1. a mono- 
phyllous concave Calyx ; 2. the unguis of the 
Corolla fixed to the infide of the Calyx ; 3. the 
Stamina above nineteen in number, and infert- 
ed in the fides either of the Calyx or Corolla. 
The orders are five, wiz. Monocynta, in 
which there are 9 genera, viz. Caétus, Philadzl- 
pous, Pfidium, Eugenia, Myrtus, Punica, Amyg- 
dalus, Prunus, Chryfobalanus ; Diacynta, con- 
taining but one genus, viz. Crategus; 'Tricy- 
NIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Sorbus, Sefuvium ; 
PENTAGYNIA, containing 6 genera, viz. Me/pi- 
lus, Pyrus, Tetragonia, Mefembryanthemum, Ai- 

Z00M, 


IM 


zoon, Spirca; POLYGYNIA, containing 9 genera, 
viz. Rofa, Rubus, Fragaria, Potentilla, Tormen- | 
tilla, Geum, Dryas, Cemarum, Calycanthus.. 1-. 
cofandre fruétus pulpofus eft ciculentus. Liz. 


_ IMBERBIS Corolla ; beardlefs, as the Jris, 
& Gentiana filiformts. 


IMBRICATUS Caulis, Culmus, Calyx [Im- 
brex, a tile] covered with, or confifting of fcales 
in the manner of tiles upon a houfe. When 
applied to leaves, it regards their /itus ; regular- 
ly covering each other like tiles. As a term of . 
foliation, it implies the leaves being parallel, 
having flat furfaces, and reciprocally covering 
each other, as in the Syringa, Liguftrum, Phil- 
lyrea, Laurus, Campanula, &¢. Examples of 
the Calyx imbricatus may be feen in the Laétuca, 
and many others of the clafs Syngenefia of Lin- 
nexus. 


IMMUT & Cotyledones, unaltered ; a fpecies 
of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Legumi- 
na, Poma, Drupe, and in the clafs Didy- 


namia. 


IMPAR, odd; cum impare, applied to a fo- 
lium pinnatum terminating with an odd leaf. 


Ing) 


IN 


INZ.QUALIS Corolla, unequal, as in the 
Butomus, Salvia pratenfis. 


INANIS Caulis [ab Inanie, cobwebs] neither 
filidus, nor yet fifulofus, but pithy. 


INCANUM™M Folium, covered with a whitith 
down, as in the Draba incana. See Tomentofum. 


INCISUM Folium, cut, as in the Ravunculus 
auricomus. See Laciniuium. 

Incifum foliolum, ixeegularly cut in the margin, 
as in the Anemone nemorofa, apinnina. 


INCLINATA Radix, inclined ; running 
obliquely, as in the Statice. Hill. 


INCLUDENS Calyx ; [includo, to include, 
or fhut up| fhutting up, and concealing the 
Corolla, as in the Phalaris. 


INCLUSA Stamina [ab in, & claudo, to fhut 
in} when the Stamina are included within the | 
Corolla, as in the Erica vulgaris; it is oppofed 
to exferta. 


INCOMPLETUS Fibs, Vail. Stamineus of 
Ray. Imperfecius of fome botanifts; Apetalus 
of Tournefort. See Apetalus. 


AT 
BN 


IN 
INCRASSATUS Pedunculus, [incraff, 


make thick, to fatten] increafing in tticknefs 
as it approaches the flower, as in the Cotula, 
Tragopogon, and mott of the cernuus kind. 


INCUMBENS Anthera [incumbo, to lean a- 
gainft] having its fide fixed to the fllamentum, 
oppofed to Ereéta. 

Incumbentia Stamina; asin the clafs Diadelphia 
ot Linnets. 


INCURVATUS Caulis: bowed. The fe- 
cond degree of curvature towards the earth. 
See declinatus & nutans. 


INDIVISUM Folium, undivided, cae tg 
to fiffum. 


INERME Folium, [ex in priv. & arma] un- 
armed, oppoted to /pinofum, pungens. 

Inerme {pinofum, foft prickled, the edge ter- 
minating in foft harmlets thorns, as gentle thifile. 
Hill. 


INFERUS Fibs [ab infra, beneath]. When 
the receptaculum of the flower is fituated below 
the germen, or fruit, as in the Diandria Mh- 
nogynia ; oppofed to Superus, It forms a 


divifion in fome of Tournefort’s clafles under 
the- 


iN 


the title of pz/tillo abeunte in frudium, oppofed to 
Calyce abeunte in frucéium. 


INFLATUM Perianthium [in, & flatus, a 
puff, a blaft] as if blown up like a bladder ; belly- 
ing out in the middle, oppofed to reflexum, tubu- 
lofum, patens. 

Inflatum Pericarpium, cum inftar vefice ca- 
vum fit, nec repletur feminibus, as in the Fu- 
maria cirrhofa. 


INFLEXA Folia [inflecfo, to bend inward] 
leaves bending upwards towards the ftem, dum 
furfum arcuantur verfus caulem, 


INFLORESCENTIA, Inflorefcence, com- 
prehends the various modes in which flowers 
are joined to the plant by the Pedunculus; which 
modes are exprefled by the following terms, 
Verticillus, Capitulum, Spica, Corymbus, Thyrfusy 
Racemus, Panicula. In the Phil, Botanica the 
terms Axzllares, Oppofitifolii, Interfoliacei, Late- 
rifolii, Petiolares, Cirrhiferi, were alfo under 
‘the general head of Inflorefcentia, but they are 
fince tranfplanted under Pedunculus loco, Vid. 
Delin. Planta. 


INFUNDIBULIFORMIS Corolla [ Infundi- 
Sulum, 2 funnel] monopetalons and conical, 
with 


IN 


with a tubular da/is, as in the Litho/permum, Cy- 
nogloffum, Pulmonaria. 


INSERTUS Petiolus [ab inferor, to be put 
in] as it were inferted into the ftem, oppofed to 
adnatus, decurrens, &c. 


INTEGER Caulis. Linnzus, in the Pdil. 
Botanica, explains this term by the word /mplii- 
ciffimus, and adds, ramis vix ullis ; but, in his 
Delineatio Planta, he gives us /impliciffimus as a fe- 
parate term ; therefore it fhould feem that ra- 
mis vix ullis belongs to fimpliciffimus, and to in- 
teger, ramis nullis ; but then what fhall we in- 
fer from thefe terms being, in the Delineatio 
Planta, ranged thus, enodis, fimpliciffimus, fim- 
plex, integer ? 

Integrum folium, a leaf with an entire ee 
ded margin, finu omni deflitutum; oppofed to 
cordatum, lunatum, fiffum, lobatum, palmatum, 
&c. 


Integer Calyx, as in Genipa, oppofed to bifi- 
dus, trifidus, &c. 


INTEGERRIMUM Folium [integer, entire] 
cujus margo extimus integer abfque omni crena eft, 


whofe margin is perfectly entire, without the 
leaft 


IN 
te | | 
Teaft notch, or /inus, as : the Rhamnus frangu- 


la, Trientalis europea. 


INTERFOLIACEUS Pedimculus [inter, be- 
tween, & folium, a leaf ] proceeding from be- 
tween oppofite leaves, but ranged alternately; 
as in the Afclepias. 


INTERRUPTE FPolium pinnatum, the feries 
of larger folicla being interrupted by pairs of 
fmaller ones, foliolis alternis minoribus. 

Interrupta Spica, broken, or interrupted, by 
intervals of lefs flowexs, as in the Mentha /pi- 
cata. 


INTORSIO [im, & torfio, writhing] fignifies 
the bending; or turning, or twifting of any part 
of a plant, flexio partium verfus alterum latus, as 
caulis, or cirrbus volubilis. 


INTRAFOLIACES: Stipule (intra, & foli- 
um] growing on the infide of the leaves of the 
plant, as in the Ficus, & Morus. 


INUNDATA toca [in, & unda; a wave, or 
water] according to Linnzus are places which 
are overflowed only in winter, hyeme repleta aqua, 
aflate putrida exficcata, imbribus interdum fuffufa. 

Inundate, a natural order of plants which 

N 2 grow 


oN om 


grow in the water; they form the fifth natural 
clafs in Scopoli’s Fiera Carniolica. 

Jnundate, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methedi naturalis of Linneus. 


INVOLUCELLUM [dim. ab Involucrum] a 
partial Jnvelucrum; the Calyx of a Pedicellus, as 
in the Euphorbia, & Panicum viride. 


INVOLUCRATUS Verticillus [involucrum] 


having an Jnvolucrum, 
Involucratus pedunculus, as in the Napea dioica. 


INVOLUCRUM [i, & volvo, to roll or 
wrap] that in which any thing is wrapt up ; 
the calyx of umbelliferous plants, remote from 
the flower : it is termed univerfale, when below 
the Umbella univerfalis ; partiale, when at the 
foot of the Umbella partialis ; proprium, when 
belonging to a flos umbellatus properly fo called ; 


and monophyllum, polyphyllum, according to its 
number of leaves. 


INVOLUTA Folia [in, & volvo, to roll] 
when the lateral margins of the leaves, within 
the gemma, are mutually rolled {pirally inwards, 
as in the Lonicera, Diervilla, Euonymus, Pyrus, 
Malus, Populus, Viola, &c. 


IR- 


LA 


IRREGULARIS Flos, whofe parts want un- 
niformity : 4zemalus of Tournef, and Due: 
ais of others. 

Irregularis Corolla, irregular, as in the Aconz- 
tum, & Lamium. Irregularis, que limbi parti- 
bus, figura, magnitudine, & proportioue partium. 


JUBA, acreft, feathers: a fpecies of inflo- 
refcence, as in the Adilium & Gramina. See Pa- 
nicula. 


IULUS, acatkin. See Amentum. 


L. 


LABIATUS Flos (Labium, a lip] A mono- 
petalous Corolla, with a narrow tubular ba/s, 
expanding at the top in one entire, or in two 
lips : Yournef. See Ringens. The Labiati of 
‘Tournefort are the Verticillate of Ray, and are 
included in the clafs Didynamia of Linnzus. 


LACERUM Folium [ex rane, fiura, a cleft 
or fiflure] quod margine varie fettum ef) fegmentis 
| difformibus, whofe margin is varioufly cut with 
irregular fegments ; as if rent or torn. 


LACINIZ [2 lacino, to make holes] This 


term 


LA 


term is applied to the Calyx, Corolla, & Piftil- 
lum, and means the fegments contained between 
the incifions. 


LACINIATUM felium [a Lacinia, a fringe or 
jag] varie fectum in partes, partibus iterum indeter- 
minate divifis. Divided firft into Lacinig, and 
thofe again irregularly cut into fmaller Lacinie. 

Laciniatus flos the fame in Tournefort as 
multifidus in Linnzus. 


LACTESCENTIA [lac milk] comprehends 
the different coloured juices which flow copi- 
oufly from particular plants on being wounded ; 
this is either alba, lutea, or rubra. Laktefcentes 
plante communiter venenate funt, minus au- 
tem femiflofculofe. Liz, 


LACUNOSUM Folium [lacuna; a ditch, a 
trench] deeply furrowed ; 7. e. when the veins 
of the leaf are funk much below the furface ; 
bullatum, in a greater degree. 


. 

LACUSTRIS Planta [Lacus, a lake] plants 

which grow in lakes of pure water, as the J/o- 

etes, Subularia, Plantago monanth, Arundo, Nym- 
phea, Scirpus, Elatine minim. 


LAMINA, a thin plate, the tip of the ear: 
the 


LA 


the broad fuperior part of a polypetalous Cv- 
rolla, 


LANA, wool; a fpecies of pubefcens which 
covers the furface of many plants, ferving, ac- 
cording to Linnzus, as a kind of veil to fecure 
them from the too intenfe rays of the fun; 
fervat plantas ab efiu nimio, as in the Salvia cana. 
rienfis, Sideritis canarienfis, Salvia  eihiopis, 

\ Marrubium, Verbafcum, Stachys, Carduus erioce- 


phalus, Onopordum. 


LANATUM Folium [lana, wool] quafi tela 
aranee indutum, ut Salvia, Sideritis, covered as 
with a fpider’s web; fo Linnzus chufes to ex- 
plain it : exemplified in the Ledum villofum, 
commonly called cobweb ledum. 

\Lanatus Caulis, as in the Stachys germanica. 


LANCEOLATUM Folium [Lanceala, a lit- 
tle lance] ¢f? oblongum utringue fenfim verfus extre- 
mitatem aticnuatum ; oblong, but gradually taper- 
ing towards each extremity, and terminating in 
a point, asin the Plantago lanceolata, Potamoge- 
ton lucens, crifpum, & ferratum. 


LATERALES Flores [latus, a fide] expreff- 
es a mode of inflor efcence oppofed to termina- 
les ; ; lateral flowers. 

LA- 


LE 


LATERIFOLIUS Pedunculus [latus, a fide, 
& folium, a leaf] proceeding from the fide of 
the bafis of a leaf, as in the Ciaytonia, Solanum, 


Afperifolia. 
LAXUS Caulis ; lank, oppofed to rigidus, 


LEGUMEN, pulfe; a Pericarpium of two 
Valuule, in which the feeds are fixed along one 
future only, as in the Pifum, &c. Miller mif- 
takes the Legumen for the Siliqua. 


LENTICULARIS Scabrities [dim. a lens, a 
lentil] A fpecies of glandular Scabrities, rough- 
nefs, fcarce vifible to the naked eye, refembling 
{mall lentils, on the furface of fome plants. 


LEPROSUS [4 Lepra, leprofy] fpotted like 
a leper, exemplified in the Lichen. 


LEVIS Caulis [rather /evis] fmooth, having 
an even furface ; oppofed to ffriatus, fulcatus ; 
as in the Chelidontum hybridum. 

Leve Folium, as in the Statice imonium, 


LIBER, the inner bark or rind of a tree or 
plant, diftinét from the cortex, which is the out- 
er: thus, according to Linneus, the calyx is a 

continuation 


E.1 


continuation of the cortex, but the core//a a cone 
tinuation of the /ber. 


LIGNOSUS Caulis [Lignum, wood] woody, 
oppoted to herbaceus. 


LIGNUM, wood; one df the four confti- 
tuent parts of the Radix, according to Linneus, 
Who in his Phil. Botan. by radix underftood 
the ftem, together with what is generally meant 
by root; but, in his Dein. Plante, he confines 
the term radix to the root only, drops the 
word caudex entirely, and fubftitutes trazeus in 


its ftead. 


LIGULATUS Fibs [Liguia, 4 ftrap] a {pe- 
cies of compound flower, the corcllule of whofe 
fiofeuti are tubular at the bafis, flat in the mid- 
dle, and expanded towards the top. Thefe 
are the Scmiflofculi of Tournefort, and are of 
the firft order in the clas Syngenefia. 


LILIACEZ: [Lilum, the lily] An order of 
plants in the Fragmenta methedi naturalis of Lin- 
nzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Lilium, Fri- 
tillaria, Tulipa, Erythronium. The Liliaceae con- 
ftitute the ninth clafs of Tournefort: they are 
generally hexapetalus, and their p:/fillum, or Ca- 
lyx, invariably becomes a Cap/ula trifocularis. 


LIM- 


| ie 

LIMBUS, a border; the fuperior dilated 

verge of a monopetalous Corolla. 
ae 

LINEA [preprié eft funiculus ex lino] a line. 
The fecond degree in the Linnean feale for 
meafuring the parts of plants : it is the breadth 
of the Lunula, or crefcent, called the root, on 
the finger, not the thumb, nail, meafuring 
from the fkin towards the body of the nail. 


LINEARE Folium [Linea, a line] linear, 
firaight, equal ubique latitudine, as in the Rof~ 
marinus, Pinus, & Gramina. , 

Linearis Caulis, when ufed as a term of men- 
’ furation, regards the diameter of the ftem, and 
fignifies its being extremely {mall See Linea. 


LINEATUM.  Folium (Linea, a line] a leaf 
whofe fuperficies is flightly ftreaked longitudi- 
nally with parallel lines, not impreffing the fur- 


face. 


“LINGUIFORME Folium, tongue-fhaped. 


See Lingulatum. 


LINGULATUM Folium [lingua, a tongue] 
or Linguiforme; a leaf which is linear, carnofe, 
obtufe, convex on the under fide, and fre- 

quently 


a 


LO 


quently with a cartilaginous margin, as in the 
Hemanthus coccineus. 


LITHOPHYTA [Atss, lapis, a ftone, & 
ures, planta, a plant] The twentieth clafs in 
Royen’s fyftem. Thefe are in fact animal produc- 
tions, and therefore are improperly arranged in 
a vegetable fyftem. ‘They are what we call in 
Englifh Corals, &c. F 


LOBATUM Folium [acbe:, lobus, the lobe 
or tip of the ear] div:/um ad medium in partes di- 
Jtantes, marginibus convexis ; divided almoft to 
the centre, its lobes diftant from each other, 
and margins convex. A leaf is termed bilobum, 
trilobum, &c. according to the number of its 
lobes. The Alchenilla vulgaris & minor aflord 
examples of the foliwm lobatum, 


LOCULAMENTUM, a cell; each of the 
cells. within that {pecies of pericarpium termed 
_éapfula, in which the feeds are lodged ; conca- 
meratio vacua pro feminum loco: thus it is defined 

_ by Linnzus, but in its application it is not con- 


fined to the capfula only. 


LOCULUS [dim. a Jocus, a place] a little 
cell ; ; the minute célls which contain the pollen 


in fome fpecies of anthera. 
Oa LO- 


LU 


LOCUS Folisorum, place: the particular part 
of the plant where the leaf grows, in which re- 
{pect a leaf is radicale, caulinum, rameum, axil- 
lare, ox florale, 


LOMENTACE: [Lomentum, bean-meal] 
An order of plants all exotics, in the Fragmenta 
mnethodi naturalis of Linnzus, of which are thefe 
gencra, viz. Sophora, Cercis, Bauhinia, Parkin- 
fonia, Caffia, Poingiana, Tamarindus, Mimofa. 


LONGIUSCULUS [dim. a comp. Jongior] 
rather long; alittle longer than common, as in 
the Gramen alopecura accedens, petiolis longiufculis, 


Pluk. the Agroffts rubra of Linneus. 


LONGUM Pertanthium, when of an equal 
length with the tube of the Corslla, oppofed to 
Abbreviatum. 


LUCIDUM 9Folium [Lux, light] This is 
one of Linnzeus’s unexplained terms ; but, as it . 
ftands diftinguifhed from mtidum, it muft mean 
clear, tranfparent. 


LUNATUM Folium [Luna, the moon] 
moon-fhaped, /ubrotundum, bafi excavatum, an- 
gulis pofticis notatum. 


LU- 


LU 
LUNULATA carina [a lunula dim. a half- 


moon] fhaped like a fmall crefcent, as in ie 
Polygala myrtifolia, 


LURID ([luridus, pale, wan] An order 
of plants in the Fregmenta methodi naturalis of 
Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Capf- 
cum, Solanum, Phyfalis, Hyofcyamus, Nicotiana, 
Atropa, Mandragora, Datura, Verbafcum, Celfia, 
Digitalis: fant plante fufpecte. Lin. 


_ LUTEA Laéefcentia [a luteum, the yolk of 
an egg] yellow, as in the Chelidonium, Bocconia, 
Sanguinaria, Cambogia. 
Luteus Flos, yellow, as the Zris lutea. Park, 


LUXURIANS Fis, a luxuriant flower. 
Flowers are called /uxuriant, when the tegu- 
ments of their fructification are augmented fo 
as to exclude fome of their other efflential parts. 
Thefe are either multiplicatus, plenus, or proli- 
fer. The part ufually multiplied is the Corolla, 
but fometimes the Calyx alfo. 


LYRATUM Folium [/hra, an harp or lyre] 
eff tranfverfum divifum in lacinias, ita ut fuperiores 
majores funt, & inferiores remotiores; divided 
tranfverfely into J/acinie, the fuperior ones 
being larger, and the inferior farther diftant 

from 


MA 


from each other; exemplified inthe Rumex pul- 
cher, Geum urbanum. 


M. 


MAGNUM _ Perianthium, comparatively 
large, as in the A4andragora ; oppofed to par- 
vum & minimum. 


MARCESCENS Corolla [ marcea, to wither] 
withering, but not falling off, asin the Campa- 
nula, Orchis, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Bryonia, 

LMarcefcens Perianthium, as in the clafs Diadel- 
phia of Linnzus. 


MARGO Folii [a mari, fays Ainfworth] 
the margin or edge of the leaf, extrema ora 
folii ad latera, intaéo difco. A leaf, im regard to 
its margin, is /pinofum, dentaium, Jjerratum, cre- 
natum, repandum, cartilagineum, ciliatum, lacerum, 
erofuin, Ox integerrimum. 


MAS Planta [etym. incertum] Male plants are 
thofe which on the fame root produce only 
male flowers, as in the clafs Dicecia... See Ma- 


feulus. 


MASCULUS Fuss [A mas] male flowers are — 
thofe 


ME 


thofe which contain anthere, but no /tgma. 
Sierilis of Tournefort; Paleaceus of Ray ; 4d- 
ortiens Of others. 


MEDULLA [Muezad;, marrow] The pith or 
heart of the tree or plant ; according to Lin- 
neus in his Phil. Botan. one of the four coniti- 
-tuent parts of the Redix, in which term he 
comprehends the ftem with what is commonly 
underftood to be the root : the other three parts 
are lignum, liber, & cortex, which {de, 


MEMBRANACEUM Folium | membrana, a 
membrane] a term regarding the fubftance of 
leaves ; having no diftinguithable pulp between 
the two furfaces. 

Membranacea Stipula, a thin paleaceous mem- 
brane, as in the Arenaria rubra. 


MEMBRANATUS Caulis, covered with 


thin membranes. 


MENSURA, meafure. Plants are generally 
fo various in their dimenfions, that their parts 
can only be meafured relatively to’each other ; 
Tournefort however introduced pofitive geo- 
metrical menfuration ; but Linnzus, thinking 
it inconvenient for a botanift to carry an artifi- 


cial feale in his pocket, makes a natural {cale 
of 


M O 


of the human body, the degrees of which are 
thefe, Capillus, Linea, Unguis, Pollexs Palmnus, — 
Dodrans, Spithama, Pes; Cubitus, Brachium, Or- 


&ya 


METEORICI Flores folares [werswees, unde- 
termined] A fpecies of /olares which do not ob- 
ferve the hour of explication with fo much 
punctuality as the others, but are much influ- 
enced by fhade, the humidity of the air, 
weight of the atmofphere, &c. 


MINIMUM Pertanthium, comparatively ve- 
ry fmall, as in the Cortufa, Dodecatheon, Patago- 
nula, Convolvulus, Ipomoca ; oppofed to Magnum. 


MONADELPHIA [Moves, unicus, one only, 
& Ad:agic, frater, brother] the fixteenth clafs 
in the Linnean fyftem : it is a natural clafs, 
and comprehends thofe plants which produce 
hermaphrodite flowers with one collection of 
united Stamina. The natural characteriftics 
are CaLyx, Perianthium, always prefent, con- 
tinuing, and frequently double. The Calyx 
merits peculiar attention, being, in this clafs, 
the pofitive generical diftinétion, CoroLia, 
Petala five, obcordate, the fides lapping each 
over the other, contrary to the motion of the 
fun. Stamina, Filamenta united below, dif- 

tinct 


MO 


tinct above, the exterior ones fhorter: Authere 
incumbent. PisTitLa, Receptaculam of the 
fructification, prominent in the centre of the 
flower ; Germina, erect, rotato-articulatey. fur- 
rounding the apex of the receptaculum ; Styli, all 
united below in one body with the Receptaculum, 
and at the top diftinguifhed into as many /ila- 
menta as there are germina; Stigmata, {pveading, 
and flender. PERicarpium, Cap/ula divided 
into a5 many diftinét lucula, as there are pi/illa. 
SemiNa, reniform. ‘The plants of this clafs 
are emollient, and mucilaginous. The orders 
are three, viz. PENTANDRIA, containing 4 gene- 
ra, viz. Waltheria, Hermannia, Melochia, Bombax ; 
DECANDRIA, containing 3 genera, viz. Conna- 
rus, Hugonia, Geranium ; PoLYaNDRIA, con- 
taining 14 genera, viz. Adanfonia, Sida, Nepea, 
Althea, Alcea, Malva, Lavatera, Malope, Ure- 
na, Gofypium, Hibifcus, Pentapetes, Stewartia, 


Camellia. 


MONANDRIA [ eedvos, unicus, one, & ane, 
maritus, a hufband} The firft of Linnzus’s twen- 
ty-four claffes : it comprehends thofe plants 
which produce hermaphrodite flowers, ha- 
ving but one ffamen; its orders are two, wiz. 
Mownocynia, which comprehends 11 genera, 
Viz. Canna, Amomum, Coftus, Alpinia, Maranta, 
Gurcuma, K:mpferia, Thalia, Boerhavia, Salicor~ 

B nia, 


MO 


nia, Hippuris; Dicynia, in which are four 
genera, viz. Corifpermum, Callitriche, Blitum, 
Cinna. 


MONANGIZ [wovos, unicus, & Ay[&, Vas, a 
veflel, or Joculamentum] The fifteenth clafs in 
Boerhaave’s fyftem ; it contains two orders, 
viz. Primula, & Lichynis. 


MONOCOTYLEDONES [voves, sunicus, 
one, & cotyl.] A term of placentation, applied 
to thofe plants whofe feeds have but a fingle 
Cotyledon, which remains within the feed: thefe 
are either perforate, as in Gramina; unilatera- 
les, as in Palme ; or reduéta@, as in the Cepa. 


MONOECIA [ovos, unicus, one, & Oix@ 
domus, a houfe] The twenty-firft clafs in the 
Linnean fyftem, comprehending the androgynus 
plants, 7. e. thofe which produce both male and 
female flowers, having no hermaphrodite ones. 
The orders are eleven, wiz. MoNANDRIA, con- 
taining 4 genera, viz. Zannichellia, Ceratocarpus, 
Hippomane, Cynomorium ; D1anpria, contain- 
ing but one genus, viz. Lemna; 'TRIANDRIA, 
containing 12 genera, viz. Zea, Tripfacum, Coix, 
Olyra, Carex, Sparganium, Typha, Axyris, Phyl- 
lanthus, Tragia, Hernandia, Omphalea ; TE- 
TRANDRIA, containing 4 genera, viz. Urtica, 


Morus, 


MO 


Morus, Buxus, Beluta; PENTANDRIA, con- 
taining 5 genera, viz. Xanthium, Ambrofia, Par- 
thenium, Iva, Amarantus; HEXANDRIA, cOon- 
taining 3 genera, viz. Zizania, Pharus, Solandra ; 
HEPTANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz. 
Guettarda; PoLYANDRtA, containing 12 genera, 
viz. Sagittaria, Myriophyllum, Ceratophyllum, The- 
ligonum, Poterium, Fagus, Quercus, “fuglans, 
Corylus, Carpinus, Platanus, Liquidamber ; Mo- 
NADELPHIA, containing 10 genera, viz. Hura, 
Pinus, Cupreffus, Thuja, Acalypha, Plukenetia, 
Croton, Ricinus, Fatropha, Sterculia; SYNGENE- 
SIA, containing 6 genera, viz. Trichofanthes, Mo- 
mordica, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Sicyos, Bryonia ; 
GYNANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz. 
Andrachne. 


MONOGYNIA [povs, unicus, & Tov, mu- 
her, a woman] The firft order in each of the 
firft thirteen clafles in the Linnean fyftem : 
it diftinguifhes thofe plants in whofe fruttifica= 
tion there is but one Piftillum, which is confi- 
dered as the female organ of generation. 
Where the Stylus is wanting, it regards the 
Stigma, 


MONOPETALA Corolla, [ woves, & Weraaroy, 
petalum] confifting of but one petalwm, as the 


Convolvulus, Primula. 
P2 MO- 


MU 


MONOPHYLLUM Jnvolucrym [uovos, uni- | 
cus, one, & buddy, folium, a leaf] confifting of — 
a fingle leaf. 

Monophyllus Calyx, asin Datura, Primula. 


MONOSPERMA [wovs, & Jperma, feed] 
having a fingle feed, as the Polygonum, Collin- 


fonia. 


MILIARIS Scabrities [milium, a {mall grain 
called millet] a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, 
on the furface of fome plants, like grains of 
millet. ; 


MUCRONATUM Folium [a puxgos, longus, 
long] MJaucro fignifies the fharp point of a fword 
or dagger; fo that mucronatum, regar ding the 
the apex of a leaf, indicates its terminating in a 
point, as in the Bromelia ananas. 

Mucronatus Scirpus, the pointed bulruth, 


MULTIFIDUM Folium [ex multus, many, 
& findo, to cleave, or divide] divided into ma- 
ny parts, by linear /inu/es and ftraight margins. 
See Fiffum. 

Multifidus Flos: Lacinatus of Tournefort ; 
Monopetaloides of others. 


MULTIFLORUS Pedunculus [multus, many, 
& 


M U 


& flos, a flower] bearing many flowers : pro- 
ducing many fructifications on each Pedun- 
culus. 

Multiflorus Calyx, common to many flofuli, 
as in Scabiofa, & the clafs Syngenefia. 


MULTIPARTITUM FPolium [multus, many, 
& partitus, divided] confifting of many divifions, 
ufque ad bafin, down to the bafe. 


MULTIPLICATUS Fils, a luxuriant 
flower, whofe Corolla is multiplied fo as to 
exclude fome of the Stamina. When the Sta- 
mina are, by the multiplication of the Curollz, 
entirely wanting, it is then called Plenus, and 
not Multiplicatus. Flores multiplicati, are either 


duplicati, triplicati, or quadruplicati, according: 


to the number of repetitions of the Corolla. 
Monopetalous flowers are frequently found 
multiplied, but rarely full, pleni. Take care, 
fays Linneus, left you miftake a coloured P»- 
rvianthium for a multiplication of the Coral. 
A multiplicate flower may always be diftin- 
guifhed from a compound one, by its having 
only one Pi/illum common to the whole. 


MULTISILIQUE [multus, many, & Sj/j- 
qua, a pod] An order of plants in the Fragmen- 


ta 


MU 


ta method naturalis of Linneus, among{t which 
are the following genera, viz. Paonia, Aquilegia, 
Aconitum, Nigella, Helleborus, “Ranunculus, Ane- 


mone, &c. 


MURICATUS Caulis [murex, a fifth whofe 
fhell is covered with fharp points, or prickles] 
prickly. 

Muricat@, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
method naturalis of Linnezus, in which there are 
the following genera, viz. Bromelia, Renealmia, 
Tillandfia, Burmannia, 

Muricata Semina, asin the Caucalis. 

Muricatus Calyx, as in the Crepis biennis. 


MUSCI [Mocyos, vitulus ; properly any thing 
young, new, or frefh] moffes ; one of the feven 
tribes or families of the vegetable kingdom, ac- 
cording to Linnzus, and by him thus chara¢te- 
rized, having anthera without filamenta, remote 
from the female fower; no pi/fillum ; and feeds 
without either arillus or cotyledon. They con- 
ftitute the fecond order in the.clafs Cryptogamia, 
and comprehend eleven fpecies, which are 
divided into acalyptrati, calyptrati diclini, and 
calyptrati monochni, In Tournefort the mofles 
conftitute the firft genus of the firft fection of 
clafs xvii. : / 


i 
: 


£ 


Mufti, i 


NA 


Mufci, an order of plants in the Fragmeniea 
methodi naturalis of Linneus. 


MUTICA gluma [a mutilus, broken off ] when 
the ari/ta is wanting, oppofed to Ari/fatus; exem- 
plified in feveral fpecies of the Agroffis, viz. fro- 
lonifera, palufiris, capillaris, fylvatica, minima. 

Muticus Calyx, as in the Serratula. 

Mutica Panicula, asin the Aira arundinacea. 

Mutici Flofculi, as in the Aira indica. 

Mutici Flores, as in the Aira criftata. 


MUTILATUS Flos, a mutilated flower, ac- 
cording to Linnzus, is a flower wanting its 
Corolla, which is generally owing to its want of 
proper heat. 


N. 


NATANS Folium [nato, to fwim] applied to 
aquatic plants; {wimming on the furface of the 
water, as in the Nymphaea, Potomogeton, 


NAVICULARIS Valula [dim. a nevis, a 
fhip] in fhape refembling a little {kiff, as in the 
Vatis, Thlafpi. 


NECESSARIA Polygamia, neceflary. The 


fourth 


NI 
fourth order in the clafs Syngenefia of Linnzus, 
comprehending thofe plants in the compofitior 


of whofe flowers fome of the flofcul are male 
and the others female. 


NECTARIUM [from xzeéfar, lioney] ac- 
cording to Linnzus, the melliferous part of the 
corolla, propet to the flower, and by’ him firft 
diftinguifhed from the petals ; but though it 
generally makes part of the corolla, yet it is oft- 
en diftingét from it ; when this is the cafe, it 
is found remarkably various, and in general 
the plants are poifonous, as for inftance, in 
Acsnito; Helleboro, Aquilegia, Nigella, Parnaffia; 
Epimedio, Clutia, Meliantho, &e. 


NERVOSUM Folium [Nervus, a nerve or 
ftring] when their veflels neither branch nor 
anaftomofe, but extend in fimple lines or curves 
from the bafis to the apex; quum vafa fimpliciffima 
ab/que ramulis extendiuntur a bafi verfas apicem, 


NIDULANTIA femina, Bacca [nidus, aneft] 


per pulpam /parfa, difperfed ar among the pulp, as 
in the Nymphaea. 


NITIDUM Folium; bright, thining, gloffy ; 
quod glabritie lucidum eff, as in the Ferula cana- 
denjiz, Angelica canadenfis. 


NU- 


Se 


NU 
NUCAMENTACE [Nucamentum, a cat’s 


tail, or long excrefcence hanging down from 
the pine, fir, &c.] An order of plants in the 
Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linneus, con- 
taining the following genera, viz. Xanthium, 


Ambrofia, Parthenium, Iva, Micropus, Artemifia. 
NUCAMENTUM. See Amentum. 
NUCLEUS, a kernel. 


NUDUS Caulis : naked. Linnzus, in his 
Philofophia Botanica, explains this word by foliis 
deftitutus ; but as, in his Delineatio Plante, he 
makes it a diftinét term from Aphyllus, he mutt 
intend that it fhould imply entire nakednefs, 
in oppofition not to folzatus only, but alfo to 
feaber, villofus, &c. When applied to leaves, 
it is evidently taken in this fenfe. 

Nudus Verticillus, having no Jnvolucrum, op- 
pofed to involucratus. 

Nudum Capitulum, having no ies oppofed 
to foliofum, 


NUTANS Cauhs, nodding ; the third, and 
greateft degree of curvature towards the earth. 
See declinatus, incurvatus. 

Nutans flos, when the pedunculus is confider- 
ably curved. 

Q NUX, 


OB 


NUX, a nut; a feed chucked by a fhell, 


tectum epidermide offea. Lin. 


O. 


OB, in’ compofition, for obverfus, turned, 
e. g. obcordatum folium, the heart-fhaped leaf, 
fixed by its apex, inftead of its bafe, to the pe- 


tiolus: and fo of obowatum, &c. 


OBCORDATUM Petalum [ab, & cordatum, 
heart-fhaped] Cordatum with its apex down- 
wards, as in the clafs AZonadelpbia of Linnzus. 

Obcordata Siliqua, as in the Thlafpi. 

Obcordatum Legumen, as in the Polygala. 


OBLIQUUM Folium [ex ob, & liquus, tranf- 
verfe] when the apex of the leaf points to the 
horizon, and the da/s upwards, as in the Protea, 
Fritillaria. When applied to Caulis, it means 
having an oblique direction, but not curved. 


OBLONGUM Folium; a leaf whofe longi- 
tudinal diameter is much longer than its tran{- 
verfe, both extremities being rounded, but nar- 
rower than the fegment of a circle, as in the 
Rumex acetofa, & Ceraftium tomentofum. 


OB- 


— ee 


OC 
OBSOLETE lsbatum folium, inelegantly lo- 


bated, or divided into lobes fearce difcernible, as 
in the Jungermannia trilobata, and the Malva 
rotundifolia. 


OBTUSUM filum [obtundor, to be blunt- 
ed at the point] having a rounded apex, quod ter 
minatur quafi intra fegmentum circul, oppofed to 
acutum. 

Obtufum Perianthium, as in the Convolvulus, 
Melia. 

Obtufa Capfula, as in the Rhinanthus. 


OBVOLUTUM Folium [ob, & volva; to roll} 
A term in foliation, fignifying that the margins 
of the leaves alternately embrace the ftraight 
margin of the oppofite leaf, quorum margines 
alterni comprehendunt oppofiti folit marginem rectum ; 
as in the Dianthus, Lychnis, Saponaria, Valeriana, 
Marrubium, Salvia; &c. 

. Obvolute Cotyledones, rolled up; a fpecies of 
the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Helxine. 


OCTANDRIA [Oxrw, o€fo, eight, & wong, 
maritus; a hufband} Ihe eighth clafs in the 


Linnean fyftem, comprehending hermaphro-— 


dite flowers with eight Stamina. in this clafs 
there are four orders, viz; Monocyntia, 


Qi 2 which 


OL 


which includes 26 genera, viz. Tropaolum; Of 
beckia, Rhexia, QO4cnothera, Gaura, Epilobiums 
Melicocca, Amyris, Griflea, Combretum, Alophyl- 
lus, Ximenia, Mimufops, “fambolifera, Santalums 
Alemecylon, Lawfonia, Vaccinium, Erica, Daphne, 
Dirca, Gnidia, Stellera, Pafferina, Lachnea, 
Beckea; DiGynta; containing 3 genera, viz. 
Galenia, Weinmannia, Moehringia ; TRIGYNIA, 
containing 5 genera, viz. Polygonum, Coccolobas 
Paullinia, Cardiofpermum, Sapindus; TETRA- 
GYNIA; containing 3 genera, viz. Paris, Adoxa, 
Elatine. 


OCULUS, an eye: thie genima fo called; by 
Ludwig, when proceeding from the ale, of 
leaves. 


OFFICINALIS [Offcina; a fhop] of the 
fhops; ufed in medicine, and therefore kept 
in the fhops of apothecaries, as Valeriana offi- 
cinalis, &c. Ufed to diftinguifh the fpecies of 
particular plants. 


OLIGANTHERE [0ay@, exiguus, fmall, 
few, & Anthera] The fixteenth clafs in Royen’s 
fyftem : it contains thofe plants whofe petala 
or fegments equal or exceed their number of 
Stamina; hence it includes many of the plants 
in Linnzus’s firft five claffes. 


OPER: 


a OP 
OPERCULATA Aathera, [Operculum, a co- 
e 


ver] See Operculum: 


OPERCULUM, a cover; lid; a fpecies of 
cover to the anthere of the Mufcz, as in the 
Sphagnum, &c: 


OPPOSITI Rami, Folia ; branches or leaves 
growing oppofite to each other in pairs; when 
applied particularly to branches, it implies each 
pair croffing that above and below it ; oppofed 
to Alterni. Among many other plants, the 
Bartfia alpina affords an example of folia oppo- 


fia: ; 


OPPOSITIFOLIUS Peduneulus [oppofitums 
oppofite, & folium, a leaf | growing oppofite to 
the leaf, as inthe Piper, Saururus, Phytolacca, 
Dulcamara, Vitis, Ranunculus aquatilis, Gerani- 
um, &c. 


OPPOSITIVZE petiolares Gemme, for oppe- 
fie; oppofite, as in the Ligu/trum, Phillyrea, 
Nyflanthes, Syringa, Hypericum, Buxus, Faf- 
minum, Laurus, &c. 

Oppofitive ftipulacee Gemma, oppofite, as in 
the Cephalanthus, Rhamnus catharticus. 


ORBICULATUM Folium, [Orbis, an orb, 


@r 


\ 


OR a: 


or circle] cnjus diameter longitudinalis & tranfuer- 
falis aquilles, peripheria circinata: in plain Eng- 
lith, around leaf, regarding the circumfcription 
only, exemplified in the Rumex digynus. 


ORCHIDE [Orchis, the firft genus in the 
clafs Gynandria] An order of plants in the Frag- 
menta methodi naturalis of Linnzus : it confifts 
of the following gezera, viz. Orchis, Satyrum, 
Serapias, Herminium, Neottia, Opbrys, Cypripe- 
dium, Epidendrum, Limodorum, Arethufa. Or 
chides funt aphrodifiace. Lin. 


ORDO, order ; the firft fubdivifion in the 
Linnean fyftem of plants. In the firft thir- 
teen claffes it is determined by the number of — 
the Pifiilla or female parts of generation, and | 
fignified by the Greck word I'v, mulier, a wo- 
man, compounded with the numerical, terms, 
pévos, dic, Sc. as for inftance, Monogynia, one 
woman, Digynia, two women, &c, The num- 
ber of the Piftilla is generally taken from the 
ba/fis of the Stylus ; but where the Stylus is de- 
ficient, we muft eftimate by the Stigmata. The 
orders in the remaining claffes are determined — 
by diftin@ions in the fruit, the Pericarpium, 
the Stamina, complication of fexes, Gc. 


ORGYA, Ogyvix, idem] The laft degree in 
the | 


OV 


the Linnzan fcale for meafuring plants: the 
diftance between the extremities of the two 
middle fingers when the arms are extended ; or 
fix Parifian feet. See Méenfura. 


ORGYIALIS Cuulis [from @gyvun, orgyia, 6 
foot]. Sce Orgya. 


OVALE Folium, oval; cujus diameter longitu- 
dinalis fuperat tranfverfalem, fuperiore, & inferi- 
ore extremitate angufliore: elliptical, regarding 
the circumfcription only. 


OVARIUM [ab ovum] The germen of Lin- 
pus fo called by Ludwig, &c. See Germen. 


OVATUM Folium [ab ovum, an egg] cujus 
diameter longitudinalis fuperat tranfuerfalem, bafi 
Segmento circuli circumferipta, apice vero eodem an- 
guftiore : a leaf refembling in circumfcription 
the longitudinal fection of an egg, exemplified 
in the Epilobium montanum, Vaccinium myrtillus, 
Arenaria peploides, & trinervia. 


P, 


PAGINA Folii [Pagina, the page of a book} 
: the 


PA 


the fuperficies of a leaf, fuperior and inferior, 
fupinum, vel pronsum, 


PALEA, chaff; a thin membrane, fpring- 
ing from a Receptaculum Commune, which fepa- 
rates the Flofculi from each other. 


PALEACEUS Pappus [palea, fhort ftraw, 
or chaff ] chaffy, as in the Bidens, Silphium, To- 
getes, Coreopfis, &c. 

Paleaceus Flos, Ray. Mafeulus of Linnzus. 

Paleacea Gluma, as in the sae ae Cyperus, 
Scirpus, Eriophorum. 

Paleaceun Receptaculum, as in the Diffacus, 
& Scabiofa, 


PALMA: [4 ttaadien the palm of the hand] 


palms; one of the feven families, or tribes of 
the vegetable kingdom, according to Linnzus, 
by whom they are thus characterized, caudex 
fimplex, apice frondofus, fructificationes in [padice 
cum {patha. We find them in the appendix to 
his Sy/tema Natura, confifting of nine genera, 
which are divided into flabellifolia, pennatifolia, 
and bipennatifolie. 


PALMARIS Caulis [a Palmus]. See Palmus. 


PALMATA Radix [a Palma, a hand] a root 
whick 


a 


PA 


_ which in the fpreading of its fibres refembles a 


hand, as in the Orchis. Linneus makes it a 
fpecies of the Tuberofe, I think, with very 
little propriety. 

Palmatum Folium, refembling an open palm 
or hand, Jongitudinaliter in partes plures fubequa- 
les divifum ver fus bafin, qua tamen coherent in u+ 
num; afimple leaf with feveral divifions, al- 
moft down to its bafis, as in the Geranium pu/fil- 
lum, Ranunculus fceleratus. 


PALMUS [Palma, the palm of the hand | 


. The fifth degree in the Linnzan fcale for mea- 


furing the parts of plants : the breadth of the 
palm meafuring from the thumb, or three Pa- 
rifian inches. See Menfura. é 


PALUSTRIS [Palus, a fen or marth] 
growing in marfhy or fenny places: the tri- 
vial name of a fpecies of the Serpus and many 
others. | 


PANDURIFORME Folium [Pandura, a 
mufical inftrument]-thaped like a Spanifh gui- 
tar, oblongum inferne latius, lateribufque coaréla- 
2uins 


PANICULA [4a panus, a woof about the 
quill in the fhuttle] a fpecies of inflorefcence 
R refembling 


EA 


refembling a head of grain on the Avena, the 
outline of the entire figure being nearly ellipti- 
cal; fruétificatio fparfa in pedunculis diverfe fubdivi- 
js, a fruification difperfed on pedunculi .va- 
rioufly fubdivided : it is either diffufa or coar~ 


étata. 


PAPILIONACEUS [a Papilio, a butterfly | 
butterfly-fhaped. A flower is termed papzliona- 
ceous when confifting of four petala, the upper 
one fpreads, the under one refembles a boat, 
and the two fide petala ftand fingle : fuch are the 
entire clafs Diadelphia of Linneus, the Papilio- 
nacet o£ Tournefort, the /rregulares tetrapetah of 
Rivinus, and the Leguminofe of Ray. The 
different Petala are termed Vexillum, Ala, & 
Carina. 

Papilionacea, an order of plants in the Frag- 
menta methcdt naturals of Linnzus, amongft 
which are thefe genera, viz. Erythrina, Anagyris, 
Robinia, Lupinus, Clitoria, Vicia, Tragacantha, 
Lotus, &c. 


PAPILLOSUM Folium [papilla, the nipple] 
a leaf whofe furface is covered with dots or — 
points like little bladders, guod tegitur punétis 
veficularibus. 


PAP- — 


PA 


PAPPUS, down ; a fpecies of coronula feminis, 
which is either capillaris, plumofus, paleaceus, or 


Slipatus. 


PAPULOSUM’ Folium [papula, a pimple} a 
leaf whofe furface is covered with pimples. 
This fhould feem to be the natural meaning 
of the word when applied to a leaf: otherwife, 
papula, as ufed by Celfus, fignifies a larger 
fwelling covered with fmall pimples. 


PARABOLICUM Folium ;  cujus diameter 
dongitudinalis fuperat tranfverfalem, & a bafi fur- 
fum anguftatur in femiovatum ; whofe longitudinal 
diameter exceeds the tranfverfe, and growing 
narrower from the bafe upwards becomes /emi- 
ovatum, See Ovatum. 


PARALLELUM Diffepimentum, parallel to 
the fides of the Pericarpium, oppofed to tran/- 
verfum ; exemplified in the Draba. 


PARASITICUS Caulis [parafitus, a parafite] 
altert planta, nec terre innatus, growing upon 
another plant, as the Epidendron, Vifcum, Til- 
landfia, &c. 


PARTIALIS Umibellz, a partial umbel ; the 
 xmbellula, or little xmbella, which ftands upon 
R 2 the 


PA 


the apex of each pedunculus of an umbella compo- 
Sita. 


Partiale Involucrum, when at the foot of the 
Umbellula. 


PARTITUM FPolium, a divided leaf ; divi- 
{um ufque ad bafin, divided down to the bafe. 
Leaves are termed bipartitum, tripartitum, &c. 
according to the number of divifions. 


PARVUM Perianthium, comparatively little, 
as in the Theophrafta, Spigelia, Azalea, Lonicera, 
&c. oppofed to Magnum, 


PATENS Caulis, Ramus, &c.; {preading. 
Applied to folium, quod ad angulum acutum cauli 
infidet, fays Linnzeus, in his Phil. Botanica, pla- 
cing this term between Ereétum and Horizonta- 
Je; forming an acute angle with the ftem, 7. ¢. 
an angle fomething lefs than 45 degrees. 

Patens Calyx, as in the mh 


PATULUS Calyx, pki Ay as in the Ra- 


nunculus repens, acris. 


PAUCIFLORIS [pawci, few, & fios, aflower | 


having few flowers, as the Veronica montana. 


PEDALIS Caulis [a Pes, afoot]. See Pes. 
PE- 


PE 
PEDATUM Folium [pes, a foot] or Ramo- 


fum, branching ; cum petiolus bifidus latere tan- 
tum interiore adneétit foliola: a {pecies of foltum 
compofitum, in which a bifid petiolus connects fo- 
liola on its interior fide only, fomewhat refem- 
bling a bird’s foot, as in the Paffiflora, Arum, 
Felleborus feetidus. 


PEDICELLUS [a pediculus, a little foot] ¢/ 
Pedunculus partialis, i.e. the little foot-ftalk 
which fupports each feparate flower when there 
are more than one fruétification on one Pedun- 
culus. 


PEDICULUS [dim. 4 Pes, a foot] The 
foot-ftalk of a flower, or leaf, according to 
former botanifts; the Pedunculus of Linnzus. 


PEDUNCULARIS Cirrus [pedunculus] a ten- 
dril proceeding from the foot-ftalk of a flower. 


PEDUNCULATI Flores aedaceds grow- 
ing upon foot-ftalks, oppofed to Seffiles. 


PEDUNCULUS [from pedo, one who is 
{play -footed] the foot-ftalk of a flower, diftin- 
guifhed from that of a leaf ; truncus partialis, 
elevans fruétificationem, nec folia. A Pedunculus 
may be either pedicellus, or communis ; with re- 


gard 


PE 


gard to the place of its infertion, radicalis, cau- 
linus, axillaris, &c. ; in refpe&t to difpofition, a/- 
ternus, fparfus, oppofitus, &c.; as to number, ge- 
minatus, umbellula, &c.; direction, adpreffus, ere- 
étus, &c.; uniflorus, biflorus, &c. according to 
the number of fruttifications upon each Pedun- 
culus; as to ftructure, teres, trigucter, filiformis, 
articulatus, &c. 


PELTATUM Folium [Pelta, a target] the 
Petiolus being inferted into the difk of the leaf, 
and not into its bafe or margin, as in the Nym- 
phea, Hernandia, Colocafia, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, 


PENDULA Radix [a pendeo, to hang] a pen- 
dulous root; a fpecies of the Tuberofa, in 
which, when the root is lifted up, the knobs 
hang down, as in the Filipendula, and Elzagnus. 

Pendulus Pedunculus, hanging down, oppofed 


to ereétus, firiélus. 
Pendula Corolla, as in the Lathrea fquammaria. 


PENICILLIFORMIA Stigmata [a penictllus, 
a pencil] in fhape refembling a painter’s pencil, 
as in the A&lium. 


PENTAGONUS Caulis. See Triganus. 
Pentagenus Calyx, as in the Chenopodium. 


PEN- 


Pe 
PENTAGYNIA [ae1s, guingue, five, & Tvs 


mulier, 2 woman] one of the orders in the sth, 
roth, 11th, 12th, 13th, and 2oth claffes in the 
Linnean fyftem : in thofe claffes it diftinguifh- 
es the plants in whofe frudtification there are 
five Piftilla, which are confidered, in the fexu- 
al fyftem, as the female organs of generation. 


PENTANDRIA [z=i2, guingue, five, & ave, 
maritus, a hufband] the fifth clafs in the Lin- 
nzan fyftem ; it comprehends fuch flowers as 
have five Stamina: its orders are fix, viz. Mo- 
NoGYNIA, which contains 122 genera, viz. He- 
hotropium, L4yafctis, Lithofpermum, Anchufa, Cy- 
noglofium, Pulmonaria, Symphytum, Cerinthe, O- 
nofima, Borago, Afperugo, Lycopfis, Echium, Tour- 
nefortia, Nolava, Diapenfia, Aretia, Androface, 
Primula, Cortufa, Soldanella, Dodecatheon, Cycla- 
men, Menyanthes, Hottonia, Hydrophyllum, Lyfi- 
machia, Anagallis, Theephrafic, Patagonula, Spi- 
gelia, Opkiorrbiza, Randia, Azalea, Plumbago, 
Phlox, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Polemonium, Cam- 
panula, Roella, Phyteuma, Trachelium, Samaolus, 
Nauclea, Rondeletia, Macrocnemum, Bellonia, Port- 
landia, Cinchona, Pfychotria, Coffea, Chiococca, Ha 
melita, Lonicera, Triofieum, Morinda, Conocarpus, 
Erithalis, Menais, Genipa, Muffenda, Mirabilis, 
Coris, Verbafcum, Datura, Hicfcyamus, Nicotiana, 
-Airapa, Phyfalis, Solanum, Capficum, Strychnos, 

Faquiniay 


PE 


Yaquinia, Chironia; Cordia, Ehretia, Varra- 
nia, Laugieria, Brunsfelfia, Ceftrum, Lycium, 
bryfophyllum,  Sideroxylon, Rhamnus, Phylica, 
Ceanothus, Bittneria, Myrfine, Celaftrus, E- 
vonymus, Diofma,; Hartogia, Brunia, Itea, Ga- 
lax, Cedrela, Mangifera, Cupania, Hirtella, Ri- 
bes, Gronovia, Hedera, Vitis, Lagoecia, Sauvage- 
fia, Claytonia, Achyranthes, Celofia, LIllecebrum, 
Glaux, Thefium, Rauvolfia, Cerbera, Vinca, 
Gardenia, Nerium, Plumeria, Echites, Camera- 
ria, Tabernamontana, Ceropegia ; DiGynia, 
containing 66 genera, viz. Periploca, Cynanchum, 
Apocynum, Afclepias, Stapelia, Herniaria, Chend- 
podium, Beta, Salfola, Anabafis, Creffa, Trian- 
thema, Gompbrena, Bofea, Ulmus, Nama, Hydro- 
lea, Heuchera, Swertia, Gentiana, Phyllis, Eryn- 
gium, Hydrocotyle, Sanicula, Aftrantia, Bupleu- 
rum, Echinophora, Tordylium, Caucalis, Artedia, 
Daucus, Ammi, Bunium, Conium, Selinum, Atha- 
manta, Peucedanum, Crithmum, Cachrys, Ferula; 
Laferpitium, Heracleum, Ligufticum, Angelica, 
Sium, Sifon, Bubon, Cuminum, Oenanthe, Phel- 
andrium, Cicuta, Zthufa, Coriandrum, Scandix, 
Cherophyllum, Imperatoria, Sefeli; Thapfia, Pa/ii+ 
naca, Smyrnium, Anethum, Carem, Pimpinella; 
Apium, fEgcpodium, Haffelquiftia ; TRIGYNIA; 
containing 15 genera, viz. Rhus, Viburnum, Caf- 
fine, Sambucus, Spathelia; Staphylea, Tamarix; 
Lurnera, Televbium, Gorrigiola, Pharnaceum, Al- 


cine, — 


2 


PE 


cine, Drypis, Bafella, Sarothra ; TETRAGYNIA, 
containing 2 genera, viz. Parnaffia, Evelvulus; 
PENTAGYNIA, containing 8 genera, viz. Aralia, 
Barrera, Statice, Linum, Aldrovanda, Drofera, 
Craffula, Sibbaldia; PouyGynta, containing 
but one genus, viz. Myofurus. The word 
Pentandria is alfo an ordinal title in Linnzeus’s 
16th, 18th, 2oth, 21/t, and 22d clafles. 


PENTANGIZ [awl five, & av[@, vas, a 
veffel, or loculamentum] The\nineteenth clafs in 
Boerhaave’s fyftem, 


PENTAPETALA Corolla [sil quingue, & 
wetarov, petalum] confifting of five petala, as in 
the Umbellate, viz. Pentandria, Digynia. 


PENTAPHYLLUS Cahx [were, quingue, & 
Quaroy, folium, a leaf] confifting of five leaves, 
as in the Ci/fus, Adonis, Cerbera. 


PERENNIS Radix [ex per, by, & annus, a 
year] a perennial, or continual root ; 7. ¢. con- 
tinuing feveral years. 


PERFECTUS Fils, Ray, and other bota- 
nifts ; Petalodes of Tournefort. See Petalodes. 


PERFOLIATUM Folium [per & folium]} 
\ 5 fi 


PE 


fi bafis folii undique cingat tranfuerfim caulem, 
when the de/is of the leaf entirely furrounds the 
ftem tranfverfely ; differing from Amplexicaule 
in the {tem appearing nearer the centre of the 
leaf, as in the Bupleurum rotundifolium, Uvula- 


ria perfol. 


PERFORATE: Cotyledones [ perforor, to be 
pierced through] perforated. A fpecies of 
the Monscotyledones, exemplified in Gramina. 

Perforata, an order of plants in the Fragmen- 
ta methodi naturalis of Linneus, containing the 
following genera, viz. Hypericum, Afcyrum, Ci- 


fius, Telephium. 


PERIANTHIUM [ex zg, circum, about, 
& at@, flos, a flower] the Calyx fo called 
when contiguous to the fruttification. When 
it includes the Stamina and Germen, it is the Pe- 
rianthium of the fructification ; when the Sta- 
mina, without the Germen, are included, the 
Perianthium of the flower ; the Perianthium of 
the fruit, when it contains the Germen, and 
not the Stamina. 


PERICARPIUM [from Tees, circum, & webe~ 
xo: _femen, feed] the Germen fo called in its ftate 
of maturity. It is that Vifcus, as Linnzus 


terms it, which contains the feed of the plant, 
and, 


PE 


and, in different fubjects, is diftinguifhed by 
the feveral appellations of Capfula, Siliqua, Le- 
gumen, Conceptaculum, Drupa, Pomum, Bacca, 
Strobilus, Folliculus. 


PERICHA:TIUM [A we, & Xairn, juba] 
A modification of the Receptaculum in the Adujci 
& Alge ; it is a cylindrical fheath in the Po- 
iytricum, fquammofum in the Hypnum, tubulofum 
and ferving for the Calyx in the ‘fungermannia. 


PERPENDICULARIS Radix. According 
to Linnzus, a fpecies of Caudex defcendens which 
runs ftraight down into the ground. 


PERSISTENS Folium [perfiffo, to abide] 
expreffes the third degree of duration, fee ca- 
ducum, deciduum ; remaining till the fruit is ripe, 
ad maturitatem fructus per/i/tens. 

Perfifientes Stipule, exemplified in the clafs 
Diadelphia, and [cofandria polygynia. 
| Perfiftens Calyx, as in the clafs Didynamia. 


PERSONAT & [i: e. perfonam gerens ; mafk- 
ed] An order of plants in the Fragmenta metho- 
di naturalis of Linneus, containing thefe gexera, 
viz, Cymbaria, Antirrhinum, Rhinanthus, Pedicu- 
laris, Bartha, Eupbrafia, Melampyrum, Obelaria, 
Orabanche, “Fufticia, Verbena, Veronica, &c. The 


S$ 2 Perfonate 


PE 


Perfonate are of the third clafs in Tournefort, 

and are the Didynamia Angiofpermia of the fexual 

fyftem. 
Perfonatus. See Ringens, 


PES, a foot. ‘Phe eighth degree in the 
Linnxan fcale for meafuring the parts of 
plants: from the elbow to the bafs of the 
thumb, or twelve Parifian inches. See Men- 
fura. 


PETALIFORMIA Stigmata [Petalum] In 


thape refembling a petalum, as in the Iris. 


PETALODES Files [Petalum] Tournefort. 
Having a cerolla: Perfecius of many other bo- 
tanifts. " 


PETALUM [from M:raa, panda, to expand] 
the corollaceous tegument of the flower. The 
leaves which conftitute the Core//a are called Pe- 
tala, to diftinguifh them from the other leaves 
of the plant. The different parts of a Petalum, 


or FPetala, are the Tubus, Limbus, Unguis, & 


Lamina. 


PETIOLARIS Cirrus [petiolus] a tendril 
proceeding from the foot ftalk of a leaf. 
Peticlaris 


SS 


— "9 


Py ( 


Peticlaris Pedunculus, a Pedunculusinferted in a 
Petiolus, asin the Hibifcus, Turnera. 

Petiolaris Gemma, regards the origin of the 
Gemma ; formed from a petiolus : it is either op- 
pofitiva, or alternativa, 

Petiolares Glandule, when the glandulg are on 
the petioli, as in the Ricinus, “fatropha, Paffifie- 
va, Caffia, Mimofa, &c. 


PETIOLATUM Folium [Petiolus, a foot- 
ftalk] a leaf growing on a foot-ftalk, oppofed ° 
to Seffile. 


PETIOLUS [dim. a pede, qua/i pediolus, a lit « 
tle foot, vela petilus, flender] the foot-ftalk of 
a leaf, felium ; trunct fpecies adneétens folium, nec 
ructificationem : yet there are fome few inftances 
where the fame foot-ftalk fupports both fructi- 
fication and leaves, as in the Turnera, Hibifcus. 
Diftine from the foot-ftalk of a flower which 
7s called Pedunculus. One of the feven Fulcra 
ia the Linnean fyftem. 


PILEUS Fungi [a Wines, lana coaéia] a hat 
or bonnet. The orbicular expanfion of a 
mufhroom, which covers the fructification. 


PILI, hairs; a fpecies of pubefcens which fre- 
queatly covers the furface of plants, and ferves 
them 


PI 


them as excretory ducts, ductus excretorius plan- 
tea fetaceus. 


PILOSUM Folium [tiness pilus, a hair] when 
the furface of the leaf is covered with long 
‘diftin&t hairs, as in the Cortufa, “funcus pilofus, 
fylvaticus, campefiris, 

Pilofa Semina, hairy, as in the Centauriea, & 
Tragopogon. 


PINNATIFIDUM Folium [ffuve, Pinna, 2 
wing] applied to a fimple leaf, tranfuerfim divi- 
fum laciniis horizontalibus oblongrs, tran{verfely 
divided into long horizontal /acini@, as in the 
Caucalis arvenfis, & anthrifcus, Chelidonium hybri- 
dum, Papaver rhoeas, dubium. 


PINNATUM Folium [pinna, the large fea- 
thers of a wing] that fpecies of compound leaf 
in which many fo/iola grow on the fides oi one- 
petiolus ; cum petiolus fimplex lateribus adneGit fali- 
ola plura, Folia Pinnata are either byuga, tri- 
juga, quadrijuga, &c. 3 impari abrupte, cirrht fay 
foliis oppofitis, alternis, interruptis, articule tis, 
decurfivis. The Palemonum caruleum, and A gri- 
monia eupatoria, {hew examples of the fa lum 
pinnatum ; likewife, the Potentilla fruticafa, aré 
gentina, rupeftris. 


PI- 


‘aa by 
PIPERITZ [Piper, pepper] An order of 


plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin- 
f#eeus. The plants of this order are thefe, /f- 
yum, Dracontium, Calla, Acorus, Saururus, Po- 


thes, Piper, Phytolacca. 


PISTILLUM, a peftil. The little upright 
column which is generally found in the centre 
of every flower. According to the Linnzam 
fyftem, it is the female part of generation, 
whofe office is to receive and fecrete the Pollen, 
and produce the fruit. It confifts of three 
parts, viz. Germen, Stylus, and Stigma. 


PIXIDATUM Felkum [a Pixis, a box] a 
fpecies of the articulatum, when one leaf is as 
it were let into the other, ff unum folium in fo- 
veam alterius quafi immittitur, Ludw. as in the 


Equifetum & Ephedra. 
PLACENTA, Boerhaave. See Receptaculum. 


PLACENTATIO [Placenta] regards the Co- 
tyledons of the feed, cotyledonum difpofitio fub ipfa 
Jeminis germinatione. Plants, as to placentation, 
are acotyledones, monocotyledones, dicotyledones, or 
polycotyledones. . 


PLANIPETALUS Fibs [planus, plane, flat, 
& 


PL 


& petalum] Senuflofculofus, of Tournef. Lingulatus — 
of Ponted. Cichoraccus of Vaill, See Ligula- 
tus. 


PLANTA, plants ; one of the feven tribes, — 
or families, of the vegetahle kingdom, accord- 
ing to Linnzus: it comprehends all vegetables 
which are not included in the other fix, which 
fix families are thefe, viz. Fungi, Alge, Mufi, 
Filices, Gramina, Palme. Plante are either her- 
bacee, frutices, or arbores. | 


PLANUM Folium [ab emda, planus] plain, 
flat, neither, neither convex nor concave, quod ° 
utramque fuperficiem ubique parallelam gerit. 


PLENOS Fils, a full: ower, whofe Co- 
rolla is {o multiplied as to exclude all the Sia- 
mina. ‘This plenitude is brought about by 
the Stamina running into Petala, which hap- 
pens moft frequently to polypetalous flowers. 
Thefe flores pleni, fays Linnzus, becoming 
eunuchs, are always barren, and being un- 
natural productions, conftitute no genus. 
The impletion of fimple flowers is by the in- 
creafe either of the Petala or Neétarium ; that 
of compound ones, by the Radius or the dik. 


PLICATUM Felium [ plico, to fold] guum 


difcus ‘ 


Bi 


difeus folit verfus marginem ad angules adfcendit 
defcendit; in plain Englifh, plaited like a wo- 
man’s fan, ora candle-fhade, as in the Eryngium 
marttimum, When ufed as a terin of foliation, 
it implies the leaf within the gemma, being 
plaited longitudinally, as in the Betala, Vitis, 
Malva, Urtica, Aichemilla, Paffijlora, Vibur- 
zum, &c. 

Phicate Cotyledanes, plaited or folded, a fpe- 
cies of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Go- 
[ypium. 


Plicata Corolla, asin the Convolvulus. 


PLUMATA (feta [ pluma, a foft feather] 
That fpecies of pubefcence termed feta, is faid 
to be plumata, feathered, when each brittle 
has lateral hairs growing like the plume on a 
quill. 


PLUMOSUS Pappus [ pluma, a fmall fofe 
feather] compound and wooliy, as in the Cre- 
pis, Scorzonera, Tragepogon, &e. 


PLUMULA, a little feather; the afcending 
f{caly part of the Corculum of the Semen. 


“POLLEN [from Mean, fine meal, or fower] 
that duft which is contained in the 4nthera, and 
which, according to Linneus, is difcharged 

ei thence, 


PO 
thence, and lodges on the furface of the Stig, 
ma, by whofe moifiure it is detained ; which 
moifture burfts its atoms and diffolves them, 
and thence pafling through the Sty/us, impreg- 
nates .the Germen below ; which Germen, thus 
impregnated, fwells and produces the fruit, 


POLLEX, the thumb. The fourth degree 
in the Linnzan fcale for meafuring the parts 
of plants : the length of the firft joint of the 
thumb, or a Parifianinch. See Afenfura, 


POLLICARIS Caulis [a Pollex, a thumb] 
See Pollex. 


POLYADELPHIA [a zoavs, multus, many, 
& ARagis, frater, a brother] the eighteenth 
clafs in the fexual fyftem of Linnzus ; it in- 
cludes thofe plants which bear hermaphrodite 
flowers with three or more fets of united Stami- 
na. ‘The orders are three, viz. PENTANDRIA, 
containing but one genus, viz. Theobromo ; Ico- 
SANDRIA, containing but one genus, viz. Ci- 
trus ; POLYANDRIA, containing 2 genera, viz. 
Hypericum, Afcyrum. 


POLYANDRIA [ittass, multus, many, & 
Ave, maritus, a hufband] the thirteenth clafs 
in the Linnean fyftem ; it contains thofe 

plants 


ao 


PO 


plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers, with. 
many /famina, and is to be diftinguifhed from 
the Icofandria, in wanting the claffical charac- 
teriftics of that clafs. “The orders are feven, 
viz. Monocynta, comprehending 38 genera, 
viz. Marcgravia, Rheedia, Morifonia, Capparis, 
A@taa, Sanguinaria, Podophyllum, Chelidonium, 
Papaver, Argemone, Cambogia, Muntingia, Sar- 
racenia, Nymphea, Bixa, Sloanea, Mammea, 
Ochna, Calophyllum, Grias, Tilia, Laetia, Mi- 
crocos, Elaocarpus, Lecythis, Meffua, Vateria, 
Lagerftroemia, Thea, Caryophyllus, Mentzelia, 
Plinia, Delima, Ciftus, Prockia, Corchorus, 
Seguiera, Symplocos; DiGyNia, containing 3 
genera, Viz. Peonia, Curatella, Calligonum ; 
TRiGYNIA, containing 2 genera, viz. Delphi- 
nium, Aconitum; TETRAGYNIA, containing 
but one genus, viz. Tetracera; PENTAGYNIA, 
containing 3 genera, viz. Nigella, Aquilegia, 
Reaumuria ; HexAGyYNia, containing but one 
genus, viz. Siratioles ; PoLyGyNIa, containing 
17 genera, viz. Dillenia, Liriodendron, Magno- 
lia, Michelia, Uvaria, Annona, Anemone, Atra- 
gene, Clematis, Thalictrum, Adonis, Ranunculus, 
Trellis, Lfopyrum, Helleborus, Caltha, Hydraftis, 
Polyandria plerumque venenata eft. Lin. 


POLYANGL [moau, many, & Arf, vas, 
aveffel, or /sculamentum] The twentieth clafgs 


"Tt 2 in 


PO 


in Eoerhaave’s fyftem ; it contains the Alva, 
Nymphaea, Nigelia, Ciflus, &c. 


POLYCOTYLEDONES [Moaus, & Cotyl.] 
having many cotyledons; a mode of placen- 
tation, exemplified in the Pinus, Cupreffus, & 
Linum. 


POLYGAMIA [aoavs, multus, many, & Ta.’ 
us, nuptiz, nuptials] The twenty-third clafs 
in the l-innzan fyftem, comprehending thofe 
plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers, to- 
gether with male or female flowers, or both; 
marili cum uxoribus & innuptis cobabitant in diftin- 
tis thalamis. "The orders in this clafs are 
three, viz. Monoxcta, containing 18 genera, 
viz. Mufa, Holcus, Cenchrus, Ifchemum, 42gi- 
lops, Andropogon, Apluda, Valantia, Ophioxylon, 
Celtis, Veratrum, Acer, Begonia, Mimafa, De- 
dechampia, Clufia, Parietaria, Atriplex ; D10- 
ECIA, containing 8 genera, viz. Panax, Diof- 
pyrusy Nyffa, Flaxinus, Anthrofpermum, <Arélo- 
pus, Gleditfia, Pifonia; TR10ECtA, containing 
but one genus, viz. Ficus, 

Polyzamia, applied to a fingle flower, regards 
the intercommunication of the flofuli which 
form that flower, as in the firft, fecond, 
third, and fourth orders of the clafs Syngene- 


Jia. 


PQ 


fia. See Equalis, Superflua, Fruftranea, & 
Neceffaria, 


-POLYGYNIA [coaue, multus, many, & Tein, 
multer, a woman] one of the orders in the sth, 
6th, 12th, & 13th claffes in the Linnean fy- 
{tem : io thefe claffes it diftinguithes the plants 
in whofe fructification there are many Styii, 
which are confidered, in the fexual fyftem, as 
the female organs of generation. 


POLYPETALA Corolla [xorvs, multus, & 
miteroy, petalum| confifting of many petala, as 
in the Nymphaea. 


POLYPHYLLUM Sivolucrum [wonrvs, multus, . 
many,/& ®varov, folium, a leaf] confifting of 
many leaves. 


Wi POLYSTACHIUS Culmnus [xoaus, & Urdyys, 
Spica} having many /pice, as the Scirpus lacu/lris, 
Scirpus holofchaenus, & Scirpus fetaceus. 


POMACEZ: [Pomum, an apple, pear, €&'c.} . 
An order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi na- 
turalis of Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. 
Punica, Pyrus, Crategus, Mefpilus, Sorbus, 
Ribes. 


PO- 


PR 
POMUM, an apple, pear, &c.; according 


to Linnexus, a clofe pulpy Pericarpium, cover- 
ed by a continued thin membrane without 
valves, and containing a Cap/ula. 


PORI [stiga, tranfadigo, to pierce through], 
Linneus chufes to clafs thefe Pori, pores, ob- 
fervable on the furface of fome plants, among 
the fecretory, rather excretory, glandule. We 


have examples of thefe pores in the Tamarix, 
Silene, &c. 


POSTICUS Angulus, [a poft, ut anticus ab 
ante] a pofterior angle, fuch as are formed by 
the excavation in the ba/is of a Folium cordatunt, 
lunatum, or fagittatum. 


PREMORSA Radix, [a premordeo, to bite] 
a root which does not run tapering to its extre- 
‘rity, but appears truncated, or bitten off, asin 
Scabiofa, Plantago, & Valeriana, , 

Pramorfum folium, a leaf whofe apex is very 
obtufe, and unequally notched or bitten, guod 
obtufiffimum terminatur incifuris inequalibus. 


PRECIZ [oprecius, early] an order of ( 
plants in the Fragmenta method: naturalis of Lin« 
nus, containing thefe genera, viz. Primula, 


Androface, 


PR 


Androface, Diapenfia, Cortufa, Dodecatheon, 
Soldanella, Cyclamen. 


PRISMATICUS Calyx [Prifia, a prifm] 
equal in diameter from top to bottom, but dif- 
ferent from Cylindraceus, in its circumference 
being angular, as in the Pulmonaria. 

Prifmaticum Pericarpium, cum lineare poly- 
edrum fit lateribus planis. 


PROCUMBENS Caulis: lying along the 
ground, horizontaliter fupra terram; different 
in fignification from repens, in not fhooting 
Out radicule as it runs along : exemplified in 
the Convolvulus foldanella. Synonym. with bree 


Stratus. 


PROLIFER Flos [from Proles, offspring]. 
Flowers ave called proliferous where one grows 
out of the other, which feldom happens ex- 
cept in flores plent. Prolification is either from 
the centre or from the fide : the firft happens 
in fimple flowers, when the Pifiillum fhoots in- 
to another flower raifed on a fingle Pedunculus ; 
the fecond, in aggregate flowers, properly fo 
called, when, from one common calyx, many 
pedunculate flowers are produced, When um- 
bellate flowers become proliferous, it is by one 

| Umbellula growing out of another, 
Prokfer 


PR 
Prolifer Caulis, fhooting forth | branches 


enly from the centre of the apex, as in the 
Pirus. 


PROMINULUM  Diffepimentum [promineo, ; 
to jet or ftand out] prominent at the apex of 
the Pericarpium beyond the valves, as in the 4 
clafs Tetradinamia of Linneus. 4 


PRONUM difcum felii [wegovte, antig, havin 4 
the face downwards] the inferior diik or back 
of the leaf. 


PROPAGO, a fhoot or layer; the feed of | 
mofies, firft difcovered by Linneus in the year | 


1750. 


PROPRIUM Involucrum, when at the bajfis — 
of a flos umbellatus properly fo called. : 


PROSTRATUS Caulis. See Procumbens. 

PRUNUS. See Drupa, 

PSEUDO [¥1%», fall, to deceive] baftard ; \ 
as Pfeudo-cyperus, battard cyperus: fynon. with — 


Adulterinus, 


PUBFS, down, hair. One of the fevena 
kinds 


Pou 


kinds of Fulera; it includes pili, lana, barba, 
tomentum, ftrige, fete, hami, glochides, glandule, 
utriculi, vifcofitas, glutinofitas, In the Phil. 
Botanica, jiimuli, aculet, furce, fpine, were alfo 
numbered among the Pubes; but Linnzus has 
fince ranged them under Arma. 


PUBESCENTIA 6 armatura plante que ab 


externis injuris defenditur. See Pubes, 


PULPOSUM Folium [pulpa, the pulp, or 
flefhy part of meat] regards the fubftance of 
leaves, quod interne pulpa repletum eft: this is 
Linneus’s explanation of the term Carnofum, 
but certainly it is more properly applied in this 
place. See Carnofum, Compaéium. It is alfo 
applied to fruits; a common plum is a hail 
an apple carnofum. 


PULVERATUM (folium [a Pulvis, powder, 
duft] covered with a kind of meal or duft, as 
on the inferior difk of the Frankenia pulveru- 
lenta, Bonus henricus, a fpecies of Chenopodium. 


PUNCTATUM Folium [punétum, a point] 
quod punétis excavatis adfperfum eff, befprinkled 
with hollow dots or points, as in the Anthemis 
maritima, 


U , PU- 


QU 
PUTAMINEA [Putamen, a fhell] an ordér 
of plants inthe Fragmenta methodi naturalis of | 
Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Capparis, 
Breynia, Marifona; Crativa, Maregravia. 


Q; 


QUADRANGULARE Folium; a quadran- 
gular leaf; having four prominent angles in 
the circumfcription of its difk. Triangulare, 
Quadrangulare, &c. exprefs the figure of a leaf 
confidered in one plane, 


QUADRIFIDUM Folium [in quatuor partes 
fifus] confitting of four divifions, its finufes li- 
near, and margins ftraight. See Fiffum, 


QUADRIJUGUM Folium [quatuor, 8& jugo, 
to yoke] a folium pinnatum confifting of four 
pair of foliala. 


QUADRILOBUM Folium [quatuor, four, & 
Adéos, the tip of the ear] confifting of four 
lobes. See Lobatum. 


QUADRIPARTITUM Folium [quatuor, & 
partitus, divided] confifting of four divifions, 
afque ed bafin, down to the bafe. 


Qqua- 


QU 
QUATERNA Folia ; by fours : applied to 
the folia verticillata, fignifying the number of 
leaves of which each verticillum confifts. 


QUINA Folia; by fives: applied to the fo- 
lia verticillata, indicating the number of leaves 
of which each verticillum confifts, 


QUINATUM Folium [quinus, five] expref- 
five of the number of foliola in a folium digita- 
tum. 

QUINQUANGULARE Folium ; having 
five prominent angles in the circumfcription of 
its dik. This term, as alfo Iriangulare, &c, 
indicate the figure of a leaf confidered in one 
plane, 


QUINQUEJUGUM Folium [quingue, & jugs, 
to yoke] a folium pinnatum of five pair of foliola. 

QUINQUELOBUM Folium [quinqgue, five, 
& Actes, the tip of the ear] confifting of five 
lobes. See Lobatum., 


QUINQUEPARTITUM Folium [quinque, 
& partitus, divided] confifting of five divifions, 
ufque ad bafin, down to the bafe, 

Quinquepartitus Calyx, as in the Lithofpermum, 


QUINQUIFIDUM Folium [in quinque partes 
fifum] confifting of five divifions, with linear 
finufes and firaight margins. See Fiffum, 

3 Quinquifidus 


RA 


Lu:nquifidus is applied toa monophyllous Ca- 
yx with five fegments, which is a claffical cha- 
racteriftic of the Didynamia, * 

Quinquifida Corolla, as in the Myofotis feorpi- 


cides. 


R. 


RACEMUS [a ramus, vel a radendo] a bunch 
of grapes or other berries ; a fpecies of inflo- 
refcence refembling a bunch of currant-berries, 
confifting of a pedunculus with fhort lateral 
branches, as in the Vitis, Ribes, &c. A Race- 
mus may be Simplex, compofitus, unilateralis, peda- 
tus, conjugatus, erectus, laxus, dependens, nudus, 
or foliatus. 


RACHIS [Pazis, dorfum, the back; or ra- 
ther, Spina dorfi, the back-bone] A fpecies of 
receptaculum, as in the Panicum crocus corvi, & 
crocus galli, Senecio vulgaris. | . 


RADIATUS Fibs [ Radius, a ray] A fpecies 


of compound flower in which the Corellule of 


the D:/cus are tubular, and thofe of the mar- 
gin either igulate, tubulofe, or ubnude, Clafs 
Syngenefia of Linneus. 


RA- 


pn 


ie ee ee ee 


RA 
RADICALIA Folia [Radix, a root] 2 term 


_ relative merely to what is called the determina- 
nation of leaves ; leaves proceeding immediate- 
ly from the root, as in the Potentilla opaca. 

Radicalis Pedunculus, a foot-ftalk proceeding 
from the root. 


RADICANS Caulis [radicor, to take root] 
bending to the earth, and ftriking root, but 
not creeping along; in this refpect different 
from Sarmentofits, & Repexs. 

Radicans Folium, in aquatic plants, when 
the leaves ftrike root. . 


RADICATUM 9 Folium [Radix] fhooting 
out roots from the fubftance of the leaf. 


RADICULA [dim. a radix] a little root ; 
the fibrofe part of the Radix, terminating the 
defcending caudex, and imbibing nourifhmeng 
for the fupport of the plant. . 


RADIUS, a ray; the circumference, or 
margin, which furrounds the Dicus in a radi- 
ate compound flower. 


RADIX, a root; commonly underftood to 
be that part of the plant which is underground ; 
but Linnzus chufes to confider as root all that 

lies 


RA 


lies below the branches. The ftem, he terms 
the afcending Caudex, and that which is com- 
monly called the body of the root, the defcend- 
ing Caudex. The root therefore, according to 
this writer, confifts of Cazdex and Radicula : it 
is ceompofed of medulla, lignum, liber, & cortex. 


Vid. Phil. Botan. p. 38. 


RAMEA Folia (Ramus, a branch] regards 
the determination only ; leaves growing on the 
branches, oppofed to Caulina Radicalia, 

Rameus Pedunculus, the foot-ftalk of a flower 
proceeding from a branch. 


RAMOSISSIMUS Caulis [Ramus, 4 
branch] ramis multis abfque ordine gravidus, a- 
bounding with branches irregularly difpofed. 


RAMOSUS Caulis [ Ramus, a branch] ha- 
ving many branches. 

Ramofa Radix, having ftrong lateral branch- 
es, as in the Urtica, 


RAMUS [ab ‘gxuvoc, a {mall branch] the 
branch of a tree. . 


RECEPTACULUM, a receptacle; the ba- , . 
fis on which the other fix parts of frudtification 


are connected: its fpecies are Recepiaculum pro- 
prium, 


RE 


prium, Receptaculum commune, Umbella, Cyma, 
Spadix. 

Receptaculum Commune, common receptacle, 
connecting many flo/cult, fo as that taking any 
of them away would caufe irregularity. 

Receptaculum Floris, receptacle of the flower, 
a bafis to which are fixed the parts of the 
flower exclufive of the germen; 

Receptaculum Fruétificationis, receptacle of the 
fructification; common to the flower and fruit. 

Receptaculum Fruétus, receptacle of the fruit, 
a bafis for the fruit only, remote from that of 
the flower. 

Receptaculum Proprium, proper ‘receptacle ; 
belonging to one fructification only. 

Receptaculum Seminum, receptacle of the feed, 
is the 4a/is on which the feeds are fixed within 
the Pericarpium. 

Receptaculum, Sedes of Ray, Placenta of Boer- 
haave, Thalamus of Vaill. 


RECLINATUM Folium [recline, to bend} 
quod deorfum curvatur, bending downward, fo 
that the apex of the leaf is lower than the bafe. 
The fame as Reflexuim. Arcuatim verfus terram, 
fays Linnzus, applying this term alfo to the ~ 
Caulis. As a term of foliation, it implies thé 
Teaves within the gemma being folded back to- 
wards the petiolus, verfus petiolum deorfum re- 


flexas 


RE 


fiexa, asin the Aconitum, Hepatica, Adoxa, Po- 
dophylium, &c. 


RECURVATUM Folum [recurvo, to bend 
back] bent downward, in a greater degree than 
Reclinatum, hut not fo much as Revolutum. 


REDUCT Cotyledones, reduced ; a fpecies 
of the monocotyledones, exemplified in the Cepa ; 
and alfo of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the 
Unmbellata. 


REFLEXUS Ramus [reficéio, to bend back] 
bent back again to the trunk; or bent in two 
oppofite directions. See Deflexus, Retroflexus. 

Reflexum Perianthium, bent back, as in Afcle- 
pias Leontodon taraxacum, 

Reflexum folium, as in the Euphorbia portlan- 
dica. 


REGULARIS Corolla; regular, equal in the 
figure, magnitude, and proportion of its parts, 
as in the Phillyrea, Liguftrum, Syringa, Faf- 


minum. 


REMOTUS Perticillus [a removeo, to remove } 
when the Verticilli are at a confiderable diftance 
from each other, oppofed to contiguus; ex- 
-emplified in the Galeop/is ladanum. 

Remota 


RE 


Remsta Folia, oppofed to approximata. 
Remoti Pedunculi, oppofed to conferti. 


RENIFORME Folium [Ren, a kidney] In 
fhape refembling a kidney, fubrotundum, baft 
excavatum, angulis defiitutum, as in the Convolvu- 
lus foldonella, Campanula rotundifolia, Saxifraga 


granulata, — b 


REPANDUM Folium [re, & pando, to bend] 
cujus margo angulis, etfque interjectis finubus, cir- 
cul fegmento inferiptis ter rminatur 5 3 properly fpeak- 
ing, having a ferpentine margin 5 ; without any 
angles at t all. 


REPENS Radix [4 repo, to creep] a creep: 
ing root; 7%. ¢. extending horizontally, and 
fending forth Radicula from {pace to fpace, as 
in Mentha. 

Repens Caulis, running along the ground, and 
ftriking root at certain ee as in the He- 

aera, & Bignonia, 


REPTANS Flagellum [repto, to creep] 


creeping along the ground, as in | the Fragaria 


vefca. 


RESTANTES Peduncul: ; remaining after 
the fruStification has fallen off, ' . 
Xx RE- 


RE 


RESUPINATIO Fiorum ; when the labium 
fuperius of the corolla faces the ground, and the 
inferius is turned face upward, asin the Viole 
europee, Ocymum, Ajuga orientalis, and fome 
fpecies of the Satyrium. 


RESUPINATUM Folum, pena: to turn 
upwards] turned upfide down. 
Refupinata Corolla, as in the Schrophularza. 


RETROFLEXUS Ramus [retro, backward, 

& flexus, bent] according to Linnus, the 
third degree of curvature ; three times bent ; 
bent in three different directions. See Defle- 
wus, Reflexus. . 


RETROFRACTUS Pedunculus, [ex retro, 
backwards, & frangor, to be broken] bent or - 
bowed backward towards its infertion, 


RETUSUM Folium [retundor, to be blunt- 
ed] the natural meaning of this word is the 
fame as obtufum; but Linnzus. chufes to under- 
ftand them very differently. See Obtufum. 
Retufum he explains thus, quod terminatur finu 
obtufo, terminating in an obtufe finus, Both 
thefe words regard the apex. The Folium re- 
tufum is exemplified in the Frankenia pulvern- 
lenta. 


RE- 


RI 


REVOLUTUM FPolium [revolve, to roll 
back] rolled back. It is particularly ufed by 
Linnezus asa term of foliation (fee Fuliatic), 
fignifying the lateral margins being rolled fpi- 
rally backward, as in Rofmarinus, Tucrium ma- 
rum, &c. 

Revoluta Corolla, rolled back, as in the Z/pa> 
vagus, MMedesla. 


RHASADES [Rheas, the red poppy] An 
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturals 
of Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Pa- 
paver, Argemone, Chelidminm, Bocconia; Sangui- 
naria, Aaa, Podophyllum, 

RHOMBEUM Folinen (Rhombus, a seome- 
trical figure of four equal fides, but not right. 
angled] a diamond-fhaped leaf. 


RHOMBOIDEUM $Folium [Romboides, 4 
geometrical figure whofe fides and dangles are 
unequal] exemplified in the Chenopodium vi- 
ride. 


RIGIDUS Caulis; folia; iff, oppofed to 


laxus. 


RIMOSUS Coulis, abounding with clefts 
and chinks: 


X 2 RIN- 


RO 


RINGENS [from ‘ps, na/us, a nofe] grin- 
ning. Applied to the irregular divifion of the 
Limbus of a monopetalous Cerolla into two lips: 
Labiatus, & Perfonatus of Tournefort; Mfono- 
petala irregularis of Rivinus : fuch, in general, 
are the plants of the clafs Didyxamia of Linnzus. 


ROSACEUS Flos [Rofa, a rofe] confifts of 
more or lefs than four Petala, placed ina cir- 
cle, like thofe of the rofe, as in the Ranun- 
culus, Quinquefolium, Paonia: Tournef. clafs vi. 


ROSTELLUM, a little beak ; the defcend- 
ing plain part of the Corculum of the Semen. 


ROTACEZ [Rota, a wheel] An order of 
plants in the Fragmenta method: naturalis of Lin. 
nus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Gentiana, 
Exacum, Chironia, Swertia, Lyfimachia, Ana- 
callis, Trientalis, &c. 


ROTATUS Limbus Corolle [Reta, a wheel] 
expanded horizontally, without a tubular da/is, 
as in the Borago, Ly/imachia. 


ROTUNDATUM Felium ; rounded ; quod 


angulis privatur, 


RUBRA Laéfefcentia, red, as in the Rumex 
Janguinea. 
RU- 


SA 


RUDERATIS, Jocis underftood [Rudus, 
rubbifh] growing among rubbifh and in high- 
ways. Ruderata, fays Linnzus, juxta domos, 
habitacul2, vias, ac plateas. 


RUGOSUM $9Folium [ruga, a wrinkle] 
wrinkled, cum vene foliorum contraétiores eva- 
dunt quam difcus ut interjeéta fub/lantia adfcen- 
dat, when, from the contraction of the veins, 
the fubftance of the leaf rifes above them, as 
in the Salvia, Primula yalzaris, & veris. 


SAGITTATUM Folium [ Sagitta, an arrow | 
a leaf fhaped like the head of an arrow, i7i- 
angulare, bafi excavatum, angulis pofticis inffru- 
élum, as in the Convolvulus arvenfis, & fepium, 
Rumex acetofa, Erica vulgaris. 


SARMENTACE ([Sarmentum, a twig or 
{pray of a vine] An order of plants in the Frag- 
menta methodi naturalis of Linnezus, amongft 
which are thefe genera, viz. Ciffus, Aitis, He- 
dra, Panax, Aralia, Rufcus, Afparagus, Uvu- 


laria, Convallaria, Gloriofa. 


SARMENTOSUS Caulis [A Sarmentum, the 


twig 


§.C 


twig of a vine] repens, fubnudvs, creeping, al- 
moft naked ; producing only a few leaves in 
bunches juft above each knot of redicule, 
which fhoot into the ground at various diftan- 
ces. When it puts out roots the whole length 
of the ftalks, fays Miller. Producing runners, 
fays Hill, as in the Afarabacca. 


SCABER Cuulis, Folium ; {cabby, rough 
with tubercles ; oppofed to Glaber, 


SCABRIDE [a faber, rough, rugged] An 
order of plants in the Fregmenta methodi natura- 
-dis of Linnzus, confifting of the following ge- 
neva, viz. Ficus, Dorftenia, Parietaria, Urti- 
cc, Cannabis, Acnida, Humulus, Morus. 


. SCABRITIES [a feaber, rough] a fpecies of 
Pubefcentia, according to the Phil. Botan. com: 
pofed of particles, fcarce vifible to the naked 
eye, fprinkled upon the furface of the plant. 
Guettardus, fays Linnzeus, was among the firft 
who, lynceis oculis, obferved this particular. 
Scabrities is either glandulofa, fetacea, or articu-— 
lata. 


SCANDENS Caeulis; climbing, as in the 
Hicdera, Lonicera. 
Scandens foliolum, as in the Clematis vitalba. 
' SCA- 


sc 


SCAPUS [8 Sxazlw, innitor, to lean upa] 
that fpecies of Yruncus, or ftem, which clevates 
the fru€tification and not the leaves,as in Nar- 
tifus, Fyacinthus, &c. A fimple flaik ridng 
directly from the root, fays Hull. 


SCARROSUM Folium [ fearrés, to be rough] 
Linnezus ranges this word among thofé applied 
to the fubftance of leaves; what it is intended 
to fignify, I confefs [ am ignorant. Some are 
of opinion it means, every nerve of the leaf be- 
ing vifible on the furface. In the laft edition 
of the Sy/fema nature 1759, we find Scarief2, 
which muft bea typographical blunder. 


SCITAMINA [an 4 /fius, fair, beautiful, 
or a fitamentum, meat of a pleafant tafte ?] An 
order of plants, all exotics, in the Fragmenta 
methedi naturalis of Linnaeus : it contains the © 
following genera, viz. Aduja, Thalia, Alpinia, 
Coftus, Canna, Maranta, Amonum, Curcuma, 


Kanipferia. 

SCORPIOIDES Flos [Scerpio, a feorpion] 
refembling the tail of the {corpion, as in the 
Scorpiwrus, “Tournef, 


SCUTELLATI. See Scutelium. 


SCU- 


@ 


SE 
SCUTELLUM Lichenibus [Scutum, a target] 


A fpecies of frudtification which is orbicular, 
concave, and elevated in the margin, as in 1 fome 
f; {pecies of the Lichen. 


SCYPHIFER [a Zxvpeos, feyphus, a cup, & 
Jer, to bear] cup-bearing, a fubdivifion of the 


genus Lichen, in Linneus. 


SECRETORIA Scabrities, [a fecerno, to fe- 
parate] a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, fearce 
vifible to the naked eye, on the furface of 
fome plants, ferving them as organs of fecre- 
tion. 


SECUNDA Spica [ fequendo] the flowers 
turned all one way, ad unum latus verfisy as in 
the Dadiylis ‘eynofurcides. 

Secunda Panicula, as in the Daéiyits glomera- 
tus, & Fe ohne: 


SECURIFORMIS Pubefcentia [fecuris, am 
axe or hatchet] a fpecies of pubes, on the fur- 
face of fome plants, the fete refembling an axe, 
as in the Humulus, &c, 


SEDES; Ray. See Receptaculum. 


SEMEN, feed. Linnzus, i in his general des 
finition, 


so 


finition, calls it the deciduous part of the vegeta- 
ble, and rudiment of a new production, being 
vivified by the irrigation or fprinkling of the 
Pollen ; but, according to the fame writer, the 
Semen, properly fo called, is the rudiment of a 
new vegetable, moiftened with juice or fap, 
and involved in a membrane refembling a blad- 
der. Its principal conftituent parts are Corcu- 
lum, Cotyledon, Hilum, Arillus, Corenula. 


SEMINALE Folium [Semen, feed] feminal 
leaves, are thofe which before were the cotyle- 
dons, and appear firft. 


SEMITERES Caulis; half-cylindrical, flat 
on one fide, and round on the other. 


SEMPERVIRENS Folium [ femper, & virens, 
green] ever-green; the longeft degree of dura- 
tion. See Gaducum, Deciduum, Perfiftens. 


SENA Folia [a fex] growing in fixes, as in 
the Gakum fpurium. 


SENTICOS: [Sentis, a brier, a bramble} 
an order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi na- 
turalis of Linneus, containing thefe genera, 
viz, Rofa, Rubus, Fragaria, Potentilla, Tormen- 

BG tilla, 


SE 


tilla, Sibbaldia, Drycas, Geum, Comarum, Aphanes, 
Alchemilla, 


SEPIARIZE [Sepes, a hedge] an order of 
plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Lin- 
Ries containing thefe genera, viz. Nyétanthes, 

jafminum, Ligujir UMM Brunsfelfia, fa, Olea, Chio- 
many Fraxinus, Syringa. 


SEPTUM [a fepio, to adie Ludw. The 
Diffepimentum of Lionzus, which fee. 


SERICEUM Folium [ fericum, filk] a term 
opplied to thofe leaves whofe furface is remark- 
ably foft, filky, covered with a down of an ex- 
treme fine texture. 


SERPYLLIFOLIA [Serpyllum, Thyme, & 
folium] with leaves refembling thofe of the Thy- 
mus of Linnzus, the Serpyllum of every other 
botanift ; the leaves of which are plani, obtufi, 
baft cihati. 


SERRATUM Folium [Serra, a faw] quod 
angulis acutis imbricatis extremitatem refpicientibus 
notatur, whofe margin is notched with imbrica- 
ted angles, whofe fhorteft fide is next the aper s 
fo that radii, to bifect each faliant angle, muft 

be 


SE 


be drawn from the ba/ffof the leaf, as in the 
Vaccinium myrtillus, Arbutus unedo, & alpina. 
Serratus Calyx, when the apex, or upper edge; 
is regularly cut in fmall Jaciaie, as in fome fpe- 
cies of the Hypericum. 
Serrata Corolla, as in the Tilia; & Alifma, 


} Fislium [a fedeo, to fit] growing im- 
SESSILE Folinm [a fedeo, to fit] g 
mediately on the caulis, without any petzolus, as 
in the Tormentilla erecta, Tcucrinm feordium 
Mentha feicata, longifolia. 
Seffiiis Flos, having no pedunciilus, 
Seffilis Radix, joined to the ftem, as in the 
Canna : a fpecies of the Tuberofa, according to 


Dr Hill. 


> 


SET [xs#en, juba, ahorfe’s mance] briftles : 
a fpecies of Pubefcence covéring the furface of 
fome plants. Sete are either finplices, hamofe; 
ramoje, plumate, or frellate : t6 which, from 
the Phil. Botan. we may add, cylindrice, coni- 
ca, glandulifera, furcate, as in the Lavendula ; 
or fecuriformes; asin the Humulus, &c. 


SETACEUM Folium, [a Seta; a briftle] co- 
vered with a kind of briftly pubefcence, as in the 


Afparagus officinalis. 


SEXUS Plantarum. Plants are diftinguith- 
¥o ed 


sl 


ed by the fex of their flowers, which are either 
mafculus, femineus, or bermaphroditus ; which 
fee. 


SILICULA [dim. a Siliqua, a pod] a fpecies 
of bivalvular pericarpium, whofe tranfverfe dia- 
meter is equal, or nearly fo, to its longitu- 
dinal ; it forms the firft order of the clafs Te- 
tradynamia; is diftinguifhed from the Sikqua, 
by the equality of its tranfverfe and longitudi- 
nal diameters ; from the Legumen, by its feeds 
being alternately fixed to oppofite futures. 


SILICULOSA [a Szkcula, a little pod] the 
firft order in the clafs Tetradynamia of Linnz- 
us ; containing thofe plants whofe pericarpium 
is a Silicula, “Thefe are the Siliculofe of Ray, 
and, together with the Sz/iquofa, the Crucifor mes 
of Tournefort. 


SILIQUA, a pod, is that kind of Pericarpi- 
um, Which confifts of two Valvule, and in 
which the feeds are fixed alternately to each fu- 
ture, fecundum futuram utramque, Miller impro- 
perly applies this definition to the Legumen. 


SILIQUOSA [Siliqua, a pod] the fecond 
order in the clafs Yetradynamia of Linneus, 
containing thofe plants whofe pericarpium is a 

Siliqua. 


Sf 


Siliqua. "Thefe are the Siliquofe of Ray, and 
part of the Cruciformes of Tournefort, 

Siliquofe, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnzeus, of which are thefe 
genera, viz. Myagrum, Anaftatica, Subularia, 
Lepidium, &c. Siliquof aquof, acres, in- 
cidentes, abftergentes, & diuretic funt :.exfic- 
catione imminuitur virtus. Lin. 


SIMPLEX Caulis ; a fimple ftem; continua- 
ta ferie verfus apicem extenditur, i, €. not divi- 
ding, but continuing a fingle {tem up to its apex, 
only fending out {maller branches. 

Simplex Spica, confifting of a fingle Spica, op- 
pofed to compofita fpicillis. 

Simplex FruGificatio, oppofed to compofita ex 
flofeulis. 

Simplex Umbella, having no Umbellule on the 
apices of its peduncull. 

Simplex Radix, not fubdivided. 

Simplex Folium, oppofed to compofitum ; when 
there is but a fingle leaf on a petiolus. 

Simplex Calyx, when confifting of one feries 
of Laciniz, as in the Tragopogon. 


SIMPLICISSIMUS Caulis ; moft fimple ; 
having very few branches, and proceeding in 
a ftraight line up to its apex, oppofed to proli- 


fer, 


sO 


fers dichotomus ; exemplified in the Lathrea 
fquamaria. See Simplex, Integer. 


SINUATUM Fokum [ Sinus, a hollow] quod 
lateribus finus dilatatos admittit, whofe lateral 
finufes are much dilated ; gaping wide. In ge- 
neral, any deficiency or break in the difk of a 
leaf is termed a finus. 


SITUS Foliorum; the difpofition of leaves 
on the item; viz. /fellata, terna, oppofita; alterna, 


Jparfas conferta, &e. 


SOLIDUS Gaulis, a folid Caulis, or ftem, 
in oppofition to inanis, and fiffulofus. Solida; 
when applied to Radix, indicates a fpecies of 
the bulbous root, oppofed to Yunicata and 
Squammofa, of a folid fubftance like the turnip. 


SOLITARIUS Pedunculus [a folus, alone] 
when there is but one proceeding from the 
fame part. 

Solitarius flos, when there is but one flower 
upon each pedunculus, as in the Euphorbia peplis; 
oppofed to bint, terni, &c. 

Solitaria flipule, asin the A4elianthus, grow- 
ing On the infide, and external in the Rujcus, 


SO- 


SP 
SOLUTE Stipule [folvor, to be loofed] 


loofe, as in moft plants, oppofed to adnate. 


SPADICEUS [from Spadix] applied to an 
agsregate flower, whofe Reéeptaculum, com- 
mon to many flofculi, is within a Spatha, 


SPADIX, the Receptaculum of a palm; a 
Pedunculus which proceeds from a Spatha. A 
Spadix may be cither branched, as in palms ; or 
fimplex, as in Dracontium, &c. 


SPARSI Rami, Pedunculi, Folia; {cattered 
without order : uz plures abfque ordine progna- 
feuntur, fays Linneus. With regard to branch- 
€s, an accurate obferver will find, that, not- 
withftanding their irregular appearance, they 
form a fpiral line round the trunk, regularly 
completing the circle in a determinate number. 
of fteps. ‘The Fola fparfa are exemplified 
in the Lilium candid. bulbifer. componium. 


SPATHA, [from =xares, corium, fkin] the 
Calyx is fo called when it opens longitudinally, 
refembling a fheath, and envelopes a Spadix, 
which properly means the receptacle of a palm ; 
but this term is generally applied to other 
pants whofe flower-ftalks proceed from a 

fheath, 


5 P 
fheath, as in the Narcijfus, &c. A Spatha may 


be wnivalvis, bivalvis, dimidiata. 


SPATHACE [Spatha, a fheath, in the 
janguage of botany] An order of plants in the 
Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, contain- 
ing thefe genera, viz. Leucoium, Galanthus, Nar- 
eiffus, Paneratium, Amaryllis, Crinum, Haman- 
thus. 


SPATULATUM Folium [Spathula, an in- 
ftrument ufed to fpread falve] cujus figura subro- 
tunda, bafi anguftiore lineari clongata, roundith, 
but lengthened by a narrower linear bafe : fha- 
ped fomewhat like a battledoor. 


SPECIES Plantarum, is the third fubdivifion 
in the Linnean fyftem, and comprehends all 
the different forms of plants which are fuppo- 
fed to have been originally created. Thefe 
plants, fays Linnzus, have, by the eftablifhed 
laws of nature, continued to produce others like 
themfelves ; therefore the Species plantarum 
comprehends all the different invariable forms 
of plants which are found at this day upon the 
face of the earth. 


SPICA L=raxus, olice irayvs, an ear of corn] 
afpecies of inflorefcence, refembling an ear 


of 


~8-FP 


af corn, asin the Lavendula Spica. Linneus 
defines it thus, flores feffiles [parfim alterni in pe- 
dunculo communi fimplici, alternate feffile flowers 
on a fimple pedunculus. 

Spica fecunda, when the flowers are all turned 
one way. | 

Spica difticha, when the flowers look both 
ways. 

Examples of the Spica may be feen in the 
Phenix, Arum, Piper, Pothos, Acorus, &c. A 
Spica may be funplex, compofita fpicillis, glomera- 
ta, ovata, ventricofa, cylindracea, interrupta. 


SPICATA. See Spica. 


SPICILLA [dim. a Spica] a little Spica ;, the 
minute fpicate flower of which the Spica compo- 
fita is compofed. 


SPICULA Graminibus [dim. 4 Spica] A par- 
tial Spzca, otherwife called Locu/ta, 


SPINE, thorns, rigid prickles ; a fpecies 
of Arma, growing on various parts of certain 
plants for their defence : Spine ramorum arcent 
pecora. On the branches we find examples in 
the Pyrus, Prunus, Citrus, Hippophaés, Gmeli- 
na, Rhamnus, Lycium, &c. on the leaves, in the 


Aloe, Agave, Yucca, Ilex, Hippomane, Theophra- 
. Z Stas ; 


5S P 
fta, Carlina, &c. onthe Calyx, in the Carduus, 
Cnicus, Centauria, Moluccella, Galeopfis, &c. 
on the fruit, in the Trapa, Tribulus, Murex, 
Spinacia, Agremonia, Datura, &c. 


SPINESCENS Petiolus, Stipula [a Spina, a 
thorn] terminating in a ftrong fharp point. 


/ 
{ 


SPINOSUS Caulis, Folium [a Spina, a thorn] 
covered with ftrong woody prickles, whofe 
roots are not fuperficial, but proceeding from 
the body of the ftem. When applied to a leaf, 
Spinofum Folium, it indicates the margin run- 
ning out into rigid points or prickles, guod mar- 
gine exit in acumina duriora, rigida, pungentia. 


SPIRALES Cotyledones [ /pira, a circle, the 
coil of a cable, &c.] twifted fpirally ; a fpecies 
of the Dicotyledones, exemplified in the Sa//ola, 
Salicornia, Ceratocarpus, Bafella, and all the 
Hioleracee. 


SPITHAMA, a fpan. The fixth degree 
in the Linnean fcale for meafuring the parts 
of plants: the diftance between the extremity 
of the thumb and that of the firft finger when 
extended; or feven Parifian inches. See Men- 
fura. 


oe Po 


SPI- 


§Q 


SPITHAMEUS Caulis [a fpithama, a {pan ] 
See Spithama. 


SPLENDENTIA Folia, fhining. Ludw. 
See Nitidum. 


SQUAMA, a fcale; one of the fquame 


which form an Amentum. 


SQUAMOSA Radix [from /quama, a {cale] 
fealy : a fpecies of the bulbo/a, as for example, 
the Lillam, which is compofed of {cales lying 
aver each other. 

Squamous Pedunculus, having a fcaly furface. 


SQUARROSUM Falium, &c, [ioxecooe, fear- 
ra, vel fquarra, fcurf] rough, fcaly, or fcur- 
fy; applied, as one would imagine, to the fu-' 
perficies of a leaf, and yet Linnzeus, in his De- 
ineatio Plante, ranges it with the terms relative 
to the finufes of leaves. 

Squarrofum Perianthium, rough, fealy, as 
in the Oxopordum acanthium. 


STAMEN, flax, thread. The /famina are 
thofe upright filaments which, on opening a 
flower, we find within the Corolla furrounding 
the Piftillum. According to Linneus, they 
are the male organs of generation whofe office 


is to prepare the Pollen. Each Stamen confifts 
fa of . 


ae 


of two diftiné parts, viz. the Filamentum, and 
the Anthera. 


STAMINEUS Flos [Stamen] having no co- 
rolla; Ray. Apetalus, of Linneus; Incomple- 
tus, Imperfeétus, Capillaceus, of other botanifts. 


STATUMINAT: [Statumen, a prop, a - 
fupport] An order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linneus, containing the 
following genera, viz. Ulmus, Celtis, Bofea. 


STELLATA Folia [ ftella, a ftar] leaves 
furrounding the ftem like the radii of a circle. 
The fame as Verticillata. 

Stellata Seta. "That fpecies of Pubes termed 
Sete, is called Stellata when there is a little 
ftar, compofed of fmaller hairs, affixed to the 
apex of each briftle. ~ 

Stellate Plante, one of Ray’s claffes, of which 
the plants are now ranged among the Tetrans 
dria monogynia of Linneus. 

Stellateg, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnseus, in which are thefe 
genera, viz. Axthofpermum, Rubia, Aparine, Ga- 
lium, Valantia, Spermacoce, Houftonia, Cornus, 
Phyllis, &c. Diuretice funt. Lin, 


STE; 


sT 
STERILIS Flos, barren, Tournef. Mofiue 


dus of Linneus. 


STIGMA [from 2720, fignum quod inuritur, 
a brand] the apex or capital of the Pi/filium, 
containing the Vifcus which receives the Pollen. 
Linnzus compares this organ to the Vulva in 
the female animals. 


STIMULI § [syee,, Siigmulus, per fync. 
Stimulus] ftings : a {pecies of Arma growing up- 
on fome plants for their defence ; punétura ve- 
nenata arcent animalia nuda, as in the Urtica, 
Fatropha, Acalypha, Tragia. Linneus divides 
the flimuli into pungentes and urentgs. 


STIPATUS Pappus [Stipes] elevated on Sii- 
pites. 


STIPES [a svmo;, a ftump] that fpecies of 
Truncus, which is the bafis of a Frons, and is pe- 
culiar to the Palmes, Filices, and Fungi. 

Stipes, the thread which elevates and con- 
nects the pappus with the feed. 


STIPULA [a /tipa, tow] ftubble. One of 
the feven Fulcra of plants, according to Lin- 
peus : /quama que bafi petiolorum aut pedunculs- 

THIN 


8 T 


rum enafcextium utrinque adfiat; the {mall feale 
or leaf which grows on each fide of the dajis of 
a young pefiolus or pedunculus, 2s in papilio- 
naceous flowers, Tamarindus, Coffia, Refe, Me- 
lianthus, Liriodendrum, Armeniace, Perfica, Pa- 
dus, &c. The Stipule are wanting in the 4- 
fperifolie, Didynamia, Stellata, Siliquoja, Liliaceae, 
Orchidee, and in moft of the Compofite. Stipu- 
le ave either gemine, folitaria, decidua, perfiften- 
tes. adnate, foluta, intrafoliacee, or extrafoli- 


acee. 


STIPULARIS Gemma [Stitula] formed from 
a Stipula. 

Stipulares Glandule, glands produced from 
Stipule, asin the Bauhinia, Armemaca, &c. . 

\ 

' STIPULATIO [A Stipula] off fipularum fitus 
& ftrudiura ad bafin foliorum, the ftruéture and 
fituation of the Stipula. 


STIPULATUS Caulis [a Stipula] applied to — 
the fuperficies of a ftem, when the outer coat 
is ftronger, and more brittle, than a mem- 
brane; rather refembling ftraw. Cppofed to 
Membranatus. Or poflibly, Linnzus may in- 
tend that it fhould fignify, bearing Stipul. 


STO- 


as 
STOLO, a fucker or fhoot, as in the Viola 


edorata, & Ranunculus repens. 


STOLONIFERUS Truncus, Caulis [a Sto- 


lo, a fhoot, or fcion] having fcions or fuckers. 


SFRIATUS Caziis, Culmus, Folia { Stria, a 
flight groove] fuperficially channelled, or flu- 
ted, longitudinally, with parallel lines. 


STRICTUS Cauls, Culmus, Folia [from 
firings, to tie faft] erechiffimus, perfely firaight, 
fil, as the leaves in the Cammpanula paula; op- 
pofed to laxus, flaccidus. 


STRIG [a Strigo, pro frringo, to grafp, 
to tighten] ridges, rows, ranks: fach is 
the meaning of Strige in its claffical accepta- 
tion. Strigz, fays Linnzus, arcent fetis rigidis 
animalcula & linguas, i. e. by their prickles are a 
defence againft animals and animalcula. What 
fete rigidz have to do with Strigz, is difficult to 
conceive, unlefs he chufes to call them Strigz, 
from their ftanding in rows. Now, in the 
Delineatio Plante, he has ranged Strige with 
the fofter kinds of pubes, fuch as pili, lana, to- 
me.tum. 


STRIGOSUM Folium [a firigando, ttanding 
| fill, 


SU 


ftill, gquippe bos pre macie| lank, lean, or per- 
haps, drawn up as if hide-bound: at leaft, [ 
know of no other meaning to this word that 
can poffibly be applied to a leaf, unlefs we de- 
rive it from ffriga, a ridge, but then it will be 
difficult to make /irigofum of it. 


STROBILUS, a pine-apple ; a Pericarpium 
formed from an Amentum. Linnzeus’s term for 
the Conus of other botanitts. 


STYLUS [from ¢vd0es, columna, a pillar] 
that.part of the Pi/fillum which elevates the St:- 
gma from the Germen. Linnzus, in his fyftem 
of the generation of plants, affimulates this or- 
gan to the Vagina or Tube Fallopiane in the 
females of the animal creation. 


SUB, incompofition, for fere, almoft; ¢. g. 
fubcordatum, fubovatum, nearly cordatum, nearly o- 
vatum, &c. ; but when compounded with a term 
of number, it fignifies mo/? commonly, as appli- 
ed to the Narctffus poeticus, Spatha fubuniflora. 


SUBDIVISUS Cauiis, a fpecies of the Caulis - 
compofitus in which the branches are irregularly — 
fubdivided, fubdivifus in ramos abfque ordine. 


SUBEROSUS Caulis, folia [ fub, & erodor, 


te 


SU 


to be eaten into] as if a little eaten, or gnaw- 
ed, When applied to a leaf, it refpeéts the 
margin only, margine fuberofa, lf I had not 
found this term applied to leaves, I fhould 
have been apt to derive it from Suber, a cork, 
and explained it accordingly. 


SUBEXCEDENS Calyx [ fub, & excedo, to 
furpafs] exceeding a little the Corolla in length, 
asin the Adilium. . 


SUBMERSUM Folium [ fubmergo, to fink 
under water] applied to aquatic plants: funk 
below the furface of the water, as in the Ra- 
nunculus aquatilis: fynon. with Demerfum. 


SUBRAMOSUS Caulis [fub, & Ramus, a 
branch] having few branches, 


SUBROTUNDUM Filium [ fub, near to, & 
rotundum, round] nearly circular, in circum- 


{cription. 


SUBULATUM Folium [Subula; an awl] 
awl-fhaped, ¢ff inferius lineare, at verfus apicem 
Jenfim adtenuatur ; linear below, but gradually 
tapering towards the apex, and ending in a 
' point. This term is alfo frequently applied to 
the Stamina of flowers, and is one of the claf- 

Aa fical 


SU 
fical charaéteriftics of the Didynamia, filamenta 


fubulata, The Arenaria faxatilis, and Sedum ru- 
pefire, thew examples of the Folium Jubulatum. 


% 

SUCCULENT [Succus, juice] An order 
of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of 
Linnzus, containing thefe genera, viz. Cactus, 
Mefembryanthemum, Tetragonia, Aizoon, Sempervi- 
vum, Sedum, Geranium, Linum, Oxalis, Saxifraga, 
Fagonia, &c. 

Succulentum Folium, fucculent, regards the 
fubftance, oppofed to ex/uccum. 


a 

SUFFRUTEX [ /ub, & Frutex, a fhrub] An 
under-fhrub : according to Tournefort, a plant 
which is perennial, ligneous, not gemmiparous, 
and in ftature lefs than a Frutex, exemplified 
in the Lavendula, Thymus, & Salvia. 


_  SUFFRUTICOSUS Caulis [ fub, 8 Frutexs 
a fhrub]. See Suffrutex. 


SULCATUS Caulis, Culmus, Folia [Sulcus, 
a furrow] deeply channelled or furrowed lon- 
gitudinally. 


SUPERFICIES Folii [ex fuper, i.e. fupras 
& facies, a face] furface ; difcum folti fupinum 
vel pronum tegit, covers both the fuperior and 

inferior 


SU 


inferior difk. A leaf, with regard to its fuper- 
ficies, is vifcidum, tomentofum, fcabrum, glabrum, 
Siriatum, &c. 


SUPERFLUA Poljoamia, fuperfluous. The 
fecond order in the clafs Syngenefia of Linneus, 
comprehending thofe plants in the compofition 
of whofe flowers fome of the. flofculi are herma- 
‘phrodite, and others female ; in which cafe, the 
fructification being perfect in the hermaphro-¢ 
dites, the females are fuperfluous. 


SUPERUS Flos [fuper, above] when the 
receptaculum of the flower ftands above the Ger- 
men or fruit; oppofed to Jnferus. 


SUPINUM difcum folit, lying with the face 
upwards ; the fuperior difk or belly of a leaf. 


SUPRA-AXILLARIS Pedunculus [fupra, a- 
bove, & axilla, the arm-pit] whofe infertion 
is immediately above the axilla, formed by a 
branch, or leaf, as in the A/perifolia, Potentilla 


monfpelienfis. 


SUPRADECOMPOSITA Folia, are thofe 
Folia Compofita which confift of foliola growing 
on a fubdivided petiolus ; cum petiolus aliquoties di- 
vifus adnectit plurima folicla: they are of three 

Aaz2 kinds, 


SY 


kinds, viz. tergemina, triternata, tripinnata. The 
Pimpinella glauca affords an example of the fu- 
pra-decompofite leaf ; alfo the Ranunculus ru- 


tefol. 
SUPRAFOLIACEUS Pedunculus [ fupra, a= 


bove, & folium, a leaf | inferted into the caulis 
above the petiolus, juft over the leaf. 


e SURCULUS, a fcion or twig, exemplified 
in the Fungermannia complanata, dilatata, &c. It 
feems to be the fame with Stel, which fee. 


SYNGENESIA [vy cum, or fimul, toge- 
ther, & Véve1, generatio] the nineteenth clafs in 
the fexual fyftem of Linnzus ; it comprehends 
the flofculofe, or compofite flowers, which are 
the Compo/iti of Tournefort, Rivinus, and Ray, 
It is a natural clafs, if we except the laft order. 
The claffical charatteriftics of the flofculofe 
flower are as follows: CaLyx, a common 
Perianthium, containing the Receptaculum and 
the Flofcul ; it contracts when the florefcence 
is paft, but expands and turns back when the 
feeds are mature: it is either /implex, imbricatus, 
or quétus. RECEPTACULUM, common tothe 
fructification, receives many feffile flofculi_on 
its difcus, which is either concave, plane, con- 
“yex, pyramidal, or globofe, and its furface ci- 

ther 


5S Y 


ther naked, villofe, or paleaceous.—The claf- 
fical character of the Flo/culi is, Cauyx, afmall 
Perianthium, frequently quinquedentate, per- 
fitting, fixed on the apex of the Germen, and 
becoming the Corona of the feed. Coroiua, 
monopetalous, with a very narrow, long tube, 
fixed on the Germen; it is cither tubulate, with 
the limb campanulate and quinguefid, and the 
Lacinie {preading and’ reflexed ; or ligulate, 
with the limb linear, plane, turned outwards, 
the apex entire, tridentate, or quinquedentate, 
truncated ; or wanting, having no limb, and 
frequently notube. Stamina, Filamenta five, 
capillary, yery fhort, inferted in the neck of 
the corollule ; Anthere five, linear, erect, form- 
ing by their union a tubulated cylinder, quin- 
quedentate, of the fame length of the limb, 
PisTILLUM, Germen oblong, under the Rece- 
ptaculum of the flower’; Stylus filiform, ercé, 
of the length of the Stamina perforating the 
Cylinder of the Anthere; Stigma bipartite, the 
lacinie revolute, fpreading. PERICARPIUM, 
no real one, yet in fome inftances a coriaceous 
cruft. SEED, one, oblong, often tetragonous, 
frequently narrower at the bafe ; if, inftead of 
a Perianthium, it be crowned with a Pappus, it 
will be found to confift of many radi in a cir- 
cle, which are either fimple, radiate, or ra- 
mofe : this Pappus is either feilile or fixed ypon 

a 


Dex 


a flipes. The effential charatteriftie of a flofcu- 
lofe tlower, is the 4nthere being united jn a cy- 
linder, and a fingle feed below the Receptaculum 
of the jio/culi, ‘The orders are five, viz. Po- 
LYGAMIA AiquaLts, including thofe plants 
which have compound flowers, the frofeuli being 
all hermaphrodite. It contains 37 genera, viz. 
Tragopogon, Scorzonera, Picris, Sonchus, Laétuca, 
Chondrilla, Prenanthes, Leontedon, Hieracium, 
Crepis, Andryala, Hyoferis, Hypocheris, L p- 
fana, Catananche, Cichorium, Scolymus, Elephanto- 
pus, Echinops, Arétium, Serratula, Carduus, Cni- 
cits, Onoporduim, Cynara, Carlina, Atraétylis, Car- 
thamus, Stoabe, Bidens, Cacalia, Eupatorium, Age- 
ratum, Stahilina, Chryfocoma, Tarchonanthus, 
Santolina. PoLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA, inclu- 
ding thofe plants which have the Flo/culi of their 
difk hermaphrodite, and thofe of the Radius 
female : it contains 31 genera, viz. Tanacetum, 
Zrtemifia, Gnaphalium, Xeranthemum, Carpefium, 
Baccharis, Conyza, Erigeron, Tuffilago, Senecio, 
After, Solidago, Inula, Arnica, Doronicum, Hele- 
nium, Bellis, Tagetes, Zinnia, Peétis, Chryfanthe- 
mum, Matricaria, Cotula, Anacyclus, Anthemis, A- 
chillea, Tridax, Amellus, Sigebeckia, Verbefina, 
Letragonotheca, Buphthalmum. PoLyGamtra 
FrUsTRANEA, comprehending thofe plants 
which have the Flo/cwli of their dif hermapro- 
dite, and thofe of the radius neuter : this order 

contains 


TE 


contains 6 genera, which are all radiate, wiz. 
Helianthus, Rudbeckia, Coreopfis, Gorteria, Gen- 
taurea, Gundelia. PoLyGamMtiA NECESSARIA; 
including thofe plants which have the Flofcul 
of their difk male, and thofe of the radius fe- 
male : this order contains 13 genera, viz. Sil- 
phium, Chryfogonum, Melampodium, Calendula, Ar- 
Etotis, Ofteofpermum, Othonna, Polymnia, Ertoce- 
phalus, Filago, Micropus, Spheranthus, Mailleria. 
Monocamra, including thofe plants which 
have fimple flowers : it contains 6 genera, viz. 
Seriphium, Corymbium, Fafione, Lobelia, Vicla, 
Impatiens. Syngenefia compofitorum in medi- 
cina receptiflima, communiter amara eft. Lin. 


Bs Oy 


TEGMENTUM, a cover. The tegu- 
ments of a flower are the Perianthium & Co- 
rolla. 


TERES Caulis, Folium, cylindrical: whew 
applied to leaves, it muft be underftood partial- 
ly of fuch as by their internal pulp are render- 
ed in part cylindrical, quod maxima ex parte cy- 
lindricum eft, asin the Allium vineale, & olera- 
ceum. 


TER- 


TY £ 
TERGEMINUM Folium compofitum [ter, 


thrice, & geminus, double] a fpecies of what 
Linneus calls /upra-decompofita; three times 
double, 7.e. when a dichotomous petiolus is fub- 
divided, having two foliala on the extremity of 
each fubdivifion. 


TERMINALIS Fhs ; terminating.a branch 
or ftem, as in the Mentha piperita. 


TERNA Folia ; three and three: applied ta 
the folia verticillata, expreffing the number of 
leaves of which each vertictllum confitts. 

Terni pedunculi, three proceeding from the 
fame axilla, as in the Impatiens zeyl. 


TERNATUM Folium [ternus, three] appli- 
ed to a folium digitatum or pinnatum, indicating 
its number of foliola, as in the Rubus cafius, fru- 
ticofus, faxatils. 


TESTICULATA Radix. See Duplicata. 


TESSELLATUM Folium [Tefflla, the 
fquare pieces of wood or ftone ufed in making 
checkered work] regards only folia colrata; 
checkered. 


TETRADYNAMIA [Tscowmess, quatuor, & 


Duvepess, 


TE 


As*ape, potentia, power] the fifteenth clafs in 
the Linnean fyftem; it comprehends all the 
plants which bear hermaphrodite flowers with 
four long and two fhort lamina ; befides which 
ithas the following claffical characteriftcs, viz. 
Catyx, Perianthium tetraphyllous, oblong, 
the foliola of which are ovato-oblong, concave, 
obtufe, connivent, gibbous at the da/is, the oppo- 
fite ones equal and deciduous ; Corotva, cru- 
ciform, four equal Petala; Ungues plano. fubula- 
tz, erect, Limbi flat, and enlarging outwards, 
obtufe, and hardly touching each ether; the 
Petala inferted in the fame circle with the Sta- 
mina. STAMINA fix, erect; two oppolite to 
each other, about the height of the Calyx ; four 
fomewhat longer, but not fo long at the Coro/- 
‘la; Anthere fomewhat oblong, acurninate, fwel- 
ling at their da/is, erect, with their apices incli- 
ning outwards. Clofe to the ba/is of the two 
fhorter Stamina there is a netariférous gland, 
which differs in its appearance in the different 
genera ; to avoid comprefling this gland, thefe 
two filaments make a curve, which renders 
them fhorter than the other four. Pistintum, 
the Germen above the Receptaculum growing dai- 
ly longer ; Stylus, the length of the longer /fa- 
mina, or entirely wanting ; Stigma obtufe. Ps- 
RIcaRPIUM, Siliqua, bivalvate ; frequently bi- 
Jocular, opening from. the bafs to the apex; 

Bb Differimentum 


TE 


Diffepimentum prominent at the apex beyond the 
Valve, the prominent part having before ferved 
as a Stylus. SEMINA, roundifh, nodding, al- 
ternately and longitudinally funk in the Di/- 
fepimenium ; Receptaculum linear, furrounding 
the Difepimentum, and lodged in the futures of 
the Pericarpium. ‘This is really a natural clafs, 
and has been univerfally confidered as fuch by 
fyftematic botanifts. It is the Cruciformes of 
Tournefort, and the Svliculofe & Siliquofe ot 
Ray. The plants of this clafs are univerfally 
efteemed antifcorbutic, The effential generi- 
cal charaéteriftic is commonly to be found in 
the fituation of the nectariferous gland. The 
orders are two, wiz. SILICULOS#, contaimng 
thirteen genera, viz. Myagrum, Vella, Anaftatica, 
Subularia, Draba, Lepidium, Thlafpi, Cochlearia, 
Lberis, Alyffum, Clypecla, Bifcutella, Lunaria; Ss- 
LIquos®, containing 15 genera, viz. Dentaria, 
Eardamine, Sifymbrium, Eryfimum, Cheiranthus, 
Hefperis, Arabis, Turritis, Braffica, Sinapis, Ra- 


phanus, Bunias, Ifatis, Crambe, Cleome. 


TETRAGONUS Caulis; four-cornereds - 


See Trigonus. 
Tetragona Siliqua, as in the Sinapis nigra. 


TETRAGYNIA [+rtcoages, quatuor, & Tum, 
mulier, 2 woman] one of the orders in the 4th, 
sth, 


Tei 


sth, 6th, 8th, and 13th claffes in the Linnzan 
fyfiem ; it diftinguifhes the plants, in thofe 
elaffes, which in their fruétification difcover 
four Piftilla, thefe being confidered as the fe- 
male organs of generation. 


TETRANDRIA [from Tiscages, gquatuor, 

four, & Ame, maritus, a hufband] Linneus’s 
fourth clafs, comprehending hermaphrodite 
flowers, with four fiamina of equal lengths. 
‘The orders of this clafs are three, wiz. Mo- 
NOGYNIA, containing 56 genera, viz. Leucoden- 
dron, Protea, Cephalanthus, Globularia, Dipfacus, 
Scabiofa, Knautia, Ailionia, Hedyotis, Spermacoce, 
Sherardea, Afperula, Disdia, Knoxia, Houftonia, 
Galium, Crucianella, Rubia, Puchfia, Siphonanthus, 
Catefbeea, Ixora, Pavetta, Petefia, Mitchella, Cal- 
licarpa, Aquartia, Polypremum, Penea, Bleria, 
Buddleja, Exacum, Plantago, Scoparia, Rhacoma, 
Centunculus, Sanguiforba, Ciffus, Epimedium, Cor- 
nus, Fagara, Tomex, Ptelea, Ludvigia, Oldénlandia, 
Ammannia, Ynardia, Trapa, Dorfenia, Eleagnus, 
Brabejum, Krameria, Rivina, Salvadora, Cam- 
-phorofma, Alchemilla ; Dicynta, containing 6 
genera, Viz. Aphanes, Crucitg, Bufenia, Hamame- 
kis, Cufcuta, Hypecoum ; T&TRAGYNIA, contain- 
ing 6 genera, viz. Ilex, Coldenia, Potamogeton, 
Ruppia, Sagina, Tillea. 


Bb 2 TE- 


Se | 
TETRANGLZ [ Terrcges, four, & Ayy@, 


vas, a veflel, or loculamentum] The eighteenth 
clafs in Boerhaave’s fyftem, containing only 
Ruta, Peganum, & Stramonicum. 


TETRAPETALA Corolla [Tecouees, quatuor, 
& Metarov, petalum] confifting of four esc as 
in the clafs Tetradynamia. 


TETRAPHYLLUS Calys [Tecoupes, & Dva- 
205 folium, a leaf] confifting of four leaves, as 
in Sagina, Epimedium, and i in the clafs Tetrady- 


namia, 


TETRASPERMA Planta [Teocuges, & fper- 
ma, feed] producing four feeds, as the Afperi- 
jolia, & Ver ticillate, 


THALAMUS [©zdaz@, a bed, achamber] 
the Receptaculum, fo called by Vaillant, Lud- 
wig, &c. 


THECA, a bag or fheath, the fame as Vef- 
cula, in Linnzus ; exemplified i in the Funger- 
mannia furcata, Dellen. 


THYRSATIM. Towered, in a fort of 
{pike like a pine cone. Hill, See Thyrfus, 


het" 


r 


TO 
TOMENTOSUS Caulis, Folia [Tomentum, 


fhort wool, fhorn off ] villis intertextis, vix con= 
JSpicuis tegitur, ergo fepius albidum, uti plante ma= 
rine F campefires ventis expofite, covered with a 
whitifh down, whofe hairs are interwoven, 
and hardly diftinguifhable ; exemplified in the 
Ceraftium tomentofum, and in the leaves of the 
Origanum onites, & Althea officinalis. 


TOMENTUM [Toor, fruftum, a frag- 
ment, feu quod fectione eft ablatum] fhort wool, 
flocks: a {pecies of pubefcence, which covers 
the furface of many plants, defending them, in 
fome degree, from the violence of the wind ; 
gaudet fepius colore i incano, as in the Tomax, pve 
dicago, Halimus. 


TOROSUM Pericarpium [a Torus, a protu- 
berance or {welling, as of the veins] bunched 
_ out in knobs by the inclofed feed, 


TORTA Corolla [torqueo, to writhe, torture | 


ewifted, as in the Neriua, Afelepias, Vinca. See 
Contorti. 


TORTILIS Arifia, [8 torguco, to writhe, 
or twift] twifted. 


TO- 


TR 


TORULOSA Siligua [a torulus, dim. a torus] 
See Torofum, 


TRANSVERSUM Diffepimentum, at right 
angles with the fides of the Pericarpium, oppo- 
fed to parallelum, 


TRAPEZIFORMIUM Folium [Trapezium, 
a geometrical quadrangle, whofe fides are nei- 
ther equal nor oppofite] a leaf in the form of a 
trapezium. 


TRIANDRIA [Tecis, tres, three, & Avie, ma- - 
vitus, a hufband] Linnzus’s third clafs, confift- 
ing of thofe plants which produce hermaphro- 
dite flowers, with three Stamina. The orders 
are three, viz. Monocynia, of which there 
are 27 genera, viz. Valeriana, Olax, Tamarindus, 3 
Rumphia, Cneorum, Camocladia, Melothria, Orte- 
gia, Laeflingta, Polycnemum, Hippocratea, Cro- 
cus, Ixia, Gladiolus, Antholyza, Iris, Morea, Wa- 
chendorfia, Commelina, Califia, Xyris, Schoenus, Cy- 
perus, Scirpus, Eriophorum, Lygeum, Nardus ; D1- 
GYNIA, containing 29 genera, viz. Bobartia, 
Cornucopia, Saccharum, Phalaris, Pafpalum, Pani- 
cum, Phleum, Alopecurus, Milium, Agroftis, Aira, 
Melica, Poa, Briza, Uniola, Dattylis, Cynofurus, — 
Feftuca, Bromus, Stipa, Avena, Lagurus, Arundo, 
Ariftida, Lolium, Elymus, Secale, Hordeum, Tri- 


ticum 3; 


TR 
ticum; TRIGYNtIA, comprehending 10 genera, 
viz. Eriocaulon;‘Montia, Proferpinaca, Triplaris, 
Holofteum, Polycarpon, Mailugo, Minuartia, Ques 
ria, Lechea. 


TRIANGI [Tess, three, & Ay[@, vas, a 
veffel] the feventeenth clafs in Boerhaave’s fy- 
ftem, founded on the number of /oculamenta 
in the pericarpium. 


TRIANGULARE Folium ; a triangular 
leaf, cum tres anguli prominentes ambiunt difcum. 
Triangulare is wfed to exprefs the figure of a 
leaf confidered in one plane, and is therefore 
different in its fignification from Triqueter, or 
Trigonus, which fee. 


TRICOCCA Capfula [Kexx@-, granum, 2 
grain] ¢rilocularis with a fingle feed in each lo- 
culamentum. 

Tricocca, an order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linnzeus, in which are thefe 
genera, viz. Kambogia, Euphorbia, Dalechampia, 
Clutia, Andrachne, Phyllantus, Ofyris, Croton, Tra- 
fia, &e. 


TRICUSPIDATA Stamina, three-pointed, 
- asin the Allium ampeloprafum, arenarium, ‘dial 
cephalon. See Cu/pidatum 

TRI- 


vR 
TRIFIDUM Folium [in -tres partes fife) 
thrice divided by linear finufes, having ftraight 
margins, exemplified in the Refida lutea. See 


Fiffus. 


TRIFLORUS Pedunculus [tres, 8 jis, a 
flower] bearing three flowers : producing three 
fructifications on each Pedunculus, 


TRIGONUS Caulis [res ter, & yor, an- 
gulus, an angle] Linnus; in the Phil, Botan. 
explains this term, according to its derivation, 
as fignifying the number of angles ; but in his 
Delineatio Planta, a later work, ina fabdivifion, 
under figura, he ufes angulatus to exprefs the 
angles, and in the next fubdivifion he has 3- 
queter, & 3-gonus: now 3-gucter he explains to 
mean, three plain fides ; therefore trigonus muft 
fignify a triangular figure whofe fides are either 
concave or convex. 


TRIGYNIA [ Tests, tres, three, & Tov", mu- 
lier, a weman] the third order in the firft thir- 
teen claffes, except the firft, the fourth, and: 
the feventh, in the Linnzan fyftem : it includes 
thofe plants which in their fruétification dif- 
cover thre eSiy/i, which are confidered, in the 
fexual fvftem, as the female organs of gene- 
ration, 


TRIE 


aE 
TRIHILAT & [ Hilum, which fee] an or- 


der of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naiuralis 
of Linnzus, in which are thefe genera, viz. Car- 
diofpermum, Paullivia, Sapindus, Staphylea, Bani- 
freria, Berberts, Bc. 


TRIJUGUM Folium [tres, & juga, to yoke] 
a pinnate leaf, of three pair of folzola. 


TRILOBUM Folium [tres, three, & Ao@e-, 
the tip of the ear] confifting of three lobes, as 
in the Leonurus cardiaca. See Lobatum. 


TRINERVIUM Folum [ires, three, & ner- 
wus, anerve or ftring] having three apparent 
veflels running from the Ja/is to the apex with- 
out branching or anaftomofing. This term 
muft not be confounded with Triplinervium, 
which fee. 


TRIOECIA [vesis, tres, three, & O@, do- 
mus, a houfe] the thisd order in the clafs Po- 
lygamia of Linneus. There is but one ge us 
of the order, viz. the Ficus, in which there 
are male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers 
produced feparately on different plants. 


~-TRIPARTITUM Folium [tres, & partitus, di- 
vided] confifting of three divifions, /que ad bajin, 


down to the bafe, as in the Eryngium campefire. 
Cc TRI- 


ze E 


TRIPETALA Corolla [reus, tres, & Teradoy, 
petalun] confitting of three petala, as in the A- 
hijma, & Sagittaria. 


TRIPETALOIDEZ [tres, & Petalum] An 
order of plants in the Fragmenta methodi natura- 
is of Linnzus, containing the following genera, 
viz. Putomus, Alifma, Sagittaria. 


TRIPHYLLUS Calyx [ress, & Pvaroy, fel- 
um, a leat] confifting of three leaves, as in 
Tradefcantia. 


TRIPINNATUM §$ Folium compofitum [tres, 
three, & pinnatus, winged] triplicato-pinnatum ; 
when a petiolus is firft pinnated by {maller pe- 
tiolr, and thofe by ftill fmaller, which are them- 
iclves pinnated with foliola; cum petiolus adfigit 
plura foliola bipinnata : a {pecies of the /upra-de- 


compofita, according to Linnzus. 


TRIPLINERVIUM Folium [triplex, triple, 
& nervus, a nerve or fering] whofe apparent 
veflels are threefold, that is, running by three’s 
from the dafis to the apex, without branching 
or anaftomofing: different in its fignification 
from Trinervium, which fee. 

TRIQUETRUM Folium, Caulis (qu. trigua- 
drus, 1, €. quadratus in tres angulos| having three 


plain fides, cujus tria latera longitudinalia plana 


fut, 


BR 


funt. This term, when applied to leaves, re- 
gards their fubftance, as Triangulare, their fi- 
gure confidered in one plane. Examples of 
the Caulis trigueter, may be feen in the Viola 
tricolor. 

Triqueter culmus, exemplified in the Carex 


cefpitofa. 


TRISPERMA [tres, & /perma, feed] produ- 
cing three feeds, as Euphartia. 


TRITERNATUM Folium ccmpofitum [itres, 
three, & ternus, threefold] triplicato-ternatum ; 
when the divifions of a tiiple peticlus are fubdi- 
vided into three’s, each fubdivifion having 
three folicla on its extremity, cuz petiolus adfigit 
triq folisla biternata. "I his Linnzns calls a fpe- 
cies of the /upra-decompo/ita. 


TRIVALVE ‘Pericarpium [tres, & valve, 
doors or valves] confifting of three valves, as 
in the Viola, Polemonium, Helianthemum, 


TRUNCATUM Folium [Truncus, a ftump] 
having its apex truncated, or cut off, gued linea 
tranfver [ali definit. 


TRUNCUS, in general, the body, flem, or 
fiock of a tree or plant; defined by Linnzus 
Cc2 to 


TU 


to be that which produces the leaves and frudti- 
fication ; its {pecies, according to his Phil. Bo- 
tan. are fend, viz. Caulis, Culmus, Scapus, Pe- 
dunculus, Petiolus, Frons, Stipes but, in his De- 
lineatio plant, the three firft and the laft only 
are retained, the 4th, sth, and 6th being re- 
jected. Former botanifts applied the word 
Truncus, to trees only, 


TUBERCULATUS [a Tuberculum, a little 


he or tubercle] having tubercles, as in the 


Lichen feriptus, &c. 


TUBERCULUM, a little pimple, exempli- 


fied in the Lichen calcareus, 


TUBEROSA Radix [a Tuber, aknob] a 
knobbed root ; 7. ¢. confifting of fubrotund 
bodies collected into a bundle, asin Paonia, 
Hemerocallis, Solanum, &c. The Tuberofa are 
of three kinds, viz. palmata, fafciculata, & pen- 
dula. . 


TUBULATUM Perianthium ; tubular, as 
in the clafs Didyramia of Linnzus; oppofed to 
patens, reflexum, inflatum, 


Lubulata Corolla, as in the clafs Didynamia of 
Linneus, ee 


TU- 


PU 


TUBULOSI Flofeuli [a Tuba, a tube] when 
they are tubular and nearly equal: Flofculi of 
this ftru@ture form one of the three divifions 
of the compound flowers ; they conititute the 
Flofculofi of Tournefort, 

Tubulofum Perianthium, tubular, oppofed to 
patens. 

Tubulsfum Folium, when, being cut tranfverfe- 
ly, it'appears hollow within. 

TUBUS, atube; the inferior narrow part 
of a monopetalous Corolla, 


THYRSUS, a fpear wrapt about with ivy 
which the ancients carried in their hands at the 
feafts of Bacchus. Linnzus makes it a fpecies 
of inflorefcence, which may be either mudus or 
foliatus. Inthe Phil. Botan. he defines it to be 
a panicula coaréata in formam ovatam, inftanced 
in the Syringa & Petafites. 


TUNICATUS Caulis,.. Radix [Tunica, a 
coat] wrapt in, or confifting of many coats. 
When applied to a root, it indicates a {pecies of 
the Bulbofa, confifting of concentric layers as 
in the Cepa, for inftance, oppofed to Squams/a, 
Solida. | ) 


TURBINATUM Pericarpinm [turbo, a top] 
ad broad 


VA 


broad at the apex, and narrow at the bafis, as 
the Pyrus. 

Turbinatum Perianthium, as in the Griflea, 
Memecylon. 


TURGIDUM Legumen, fwollen, as in the 


Ononis. 


TURIO [a TZyro, a novice] the Gemma fo 
called, by Ludwig, when proceeding from the 
root. 


fe 


VAG [vagor, to wander] the laft order of 
plants in the Fragmenta method: naturalis of Lin- 
nexus, confifting of thofe genera, which he 
could not with propriety range in any of the 
other natural orders, viz. Pinguicola, Collinfo- 
nia, Buffonia, Hirtella, Montia, &c.. 


VAGINALES [Vagina, a fheath] an order 
of plants in the Fragmenta methodi naturalis of 
Linnzeus, containing the following genera, viz. 
Laurus, Helxine, Polygonum, Biftorta, Perfwaria, 
Atraphaxis, Rheum, Rumex. 


VAGINANS Folium (Vagina, a fheath] the 
bafis 


VA 


bafis of the leaf infolding the ftem, as in a 
theath. 


VAGINATUS Coulis, Culnus (Vagina, a 
fheath] when they are fheathed by the ba/is of 
their leaves, as in the Polygonum amphibium, and 
all the Gramina. 


VALVULA, a valve ; the pieces of the ex- 
ternal fubftance which, in that fpecies of peri- 
carpium termed Capfula, inclofes the feed or 
fruit ; partes quo fructus tegitur externe. 


VARIETAS, variety; the fourth fubdivi- 
fion in the Linnzan fyftem; it comprehends 
the various appearances,ebfervable in plants 
produced from the fame kind of feed. The 
caufes of this variety are the differences of cli- 
mate, fituation, or foil; and the mode of their 
appearance is either in magnitude, plenitude, 
fhape, colour, tafte, or {mell. 


VASA [4 vefcendo, to be eaten, gusd in ea 
weflce ponantur] vellels, Vegetables are compo- 
fed of at leaft three fpecies of veflels, viz. Va- 
fa fuccofa, which convey their juices ;. Utricul!, 
which preferve them ; and Trachec, which at- 
_ tra& the air, like the lungs of animals. 


WEE 


VE 
VEGETABILIA [4 vegeto, to quicken] one 


of the three kingdoms of nature according to 
[.innzus, comprehending feven diftinét fami- 
lies, viz. Plante, Palme, Gramina; Filices, Mu- 


fei, Algae, Fungi. 


VENOSUM Folium.[Vena, a vein] cum vafa 
difeurrentia evadunt ramofiffima, & anaftomofes nu- 
do oculo exhibent, whofe veins branch and anafto- 
mofe over the whole leaf, as in the Viburnum 


lantana. 


ENTRICOSA Spica [venter, the belly] big- 
ellied ; narrowing towards each extremity. 
Ventricofum Perianthium, as in the E/culus. 
Ventricofa Corolla, as inthe Digitalis. 


VENTRICULOSUS Calyx [dim. a venter, 
the belly] bellying out in the middle, but not 
in fo great degree as Ventricofus ; exemplified 
in the Salicornia. 


VEPRECUL& [dim. a Vepres, a brier or 
bramble] An order of plants in the Fragmenta 
methodi naturalis of Linneus, in which are thefe 
genera, viz. Rhamnus, Sideroxylum, Chryfophyllum, 
Lycium, Ceanothus, Philyca; Ceftrum, Cate- — 
fowa, &c. 


VER- 


Meds 
VERRUCOSA Capfula [Verruca, a wart] 


producing, on its furface, little knobs or warts, 
as in the Euphorbia verrucofa. 


VERSATILIS Authera [verto, to tura] when 
the Anthera is fixed horizontally, on the point 
of the filamentum, and confequently is fo poized, 
as to turn on it, like the needle of a compafs, 
as in the Vitex, Linnea, Geranium, &c. 


VERTICALIA Folia [vertex, the top of a- 
ny thing] leaves fo fituated that their def; is 
perpendicularly above their apex : applied only 
to aquatic plants. 

Verticales. flores, when the difk of the flower 
is turned as it were upfide down, facing the 
earth ; oppofed to horixontales. 


VERTICILLATI, Rami, Flores, Folia [a 
Verticillum, an axis or {pindle] branches, fiowers, 
or leaves, furrounding the ftem like the radi 
of a wheel, caulem annulatim ambientibus. The 
fame as Stellatz. 

Verticillate, an order of plants in the Frag- 
menta methodi naturalis of Linnzeus, containing 
thefe genera, viz. Ajuga, Teucrium, Trichaflema, 
Thymus, Satureja, &c. Verticillate funt fra- 
grantes, nervinz, refolventes, & pellentes + folia 
virtu‘e pollent. Lin. The Verticillate are of 

Dd the 


Vi 


the clafs and order, in the fexual fyftem, Di- 
dynamia Gymnofpermia, 

Verticillata radix, a {pecies of the fibrous root 
exemplified in the aquatic and fenny plants. 
Ludwig. 


VERTICILLUS [vertex, a whirlpool] a lit- 
tle whirl, axis, or fpindle ; a fpecies of inflo- 
refcencé in which the flowers grow in whirls, as 
in the Marrubium. A Ferticillus may be either 
felfilis, pedunculatus, nudus, involucratus, bracieatus, 
confertus, or diflans. 


VESICULA, a little bladder. The Pericar- 
pium of the Fucus. 


VESICULARIS Scabrities [vefica, a bladder] 
a fpecies of glandular Scabrities, roughnefs, 
{carce vifible to the naked eye, refembling ve/- 
cule, on the furface of fome plants, as in the 
MVejembryanthemum, Aizoon, Tetragonia, &c. 


VEXILLUM, a ftandard ; the upright pe- 


talum of a papilionaceous corolla. 


VILLOSUS Caulis, Folium {a Villus, wool} 
pilis mollibus pubefcens ; covered with diftingét but 
foft hairs; woolly, as in the Ulex europaeus. 


VIR- 


UM 
VIRGATUS Caulis [virga, a rod] fhooting 


forth ftraight flender branches, or rods, as in 


the drtemifia campefiris. 


VISCIDUM Folium [vifcus, glue] when the 
furface of the leaf is clammy, quod humore non 
fiuido fed tenaci oblinitum, as in the Senecio vifco/us. 


ViISCOSITAS [wifcus, glue] expreffes that 
clamminefs which covers the furface of fome 
plants: it is ranged by Linnxeus among the 


Pubes. 


ULIGINOSA Loca [Uligo, the natural-moi- 
fture of the earth] bogs ; sca /pongisfo, aqua 
putrida laborantia, colonis invifa, nec fegetis, nec foe 
ai proventui apta. 


UMBELLA [dim. ab wmbra, a fhadow] an 
umbel, or umbrella ; a receptaculum producing 
many equal pedunculi from one centre, as in the 
Eryngium, Angelica, Cicuta, Pimpinella, &c. An 
Umbella is either fimplex, compofita, univerfals, or 
partialls. 


UMBELLATUS hs, properly fo called, 
hath acommon receptaculum, divided into pedui- 
euli proceeding from the fame point, a germen un- 
der the corallula, five diftinét deciduous Stamina, 


Ddz a 


UN 


a bifid pi/fillum, and two feeds united at their 
Fatintita They are of the clafs and order 
Pentandria Digynia. 

Umbellate, a numerous order of plants in the 
Fragmenta methodi naturalis of Linnzus, a- 
mongft which are the following genera, viz. E- 
ryngium, Aréiopus, Daucus, Angelica, Pimpinella, 
&c. In ficcis aromaticx, calefacientes, & pellen- 
tes ; in aquofis autem venenate funt: radice 
& feminibus pollent. Lin, ‘The Umbellate 
conftitute the feventh clafs in Tournefort. 


UMBELLULA [dim. ab Umbella] the Um- 
bella partialis which diverges from the apex of 
ach pedunculus of an Umbella compofita. 


UMBILICATUM Folium [ab umbilicus, a na- 
vel] See Peltatum. 

Uimbilicatus flos, fafhioned like a mavens as in 
the Lichen miniatus, &c. | ~ : 


UMBO: Morifon. See Difcus. 


UNANGULATUS Caulis [Unus, & angulus} 
forming one angle, as in the Iris factidiffima. 

UNCINATUM Sigma [Uncinus, an inftru- 
ment hooked at the end] hooked, a§ in the 
Viola lantana. 

Uncinata Arifta, as in the Geum urbanum. 


UN- 


UN 


UNCTUOSUM Folium, clammy. Ludw. 
See Vifcidum, 


UNDATUM Folium [unda, a wave] or Un- 
dulatum, whofe furface rifes and falls in waves 
towards the margin, cum difcus folti verfus mar- 

_ ginem convexe adfcendit & defcendit, as in the Al- 
chemilla, Potamogeton crifpum. 


_ UNDULATA Carella [Undula, dim. ab unda, 
a wave] waved, as in the Gloriofa. 

Undulatum Folium, as in the Oenothera mulli if 
fim. Synon. with Undatum. 


UNGUICULARIS Caulis [ab Unguisy a nail 
of the hand, &c] See Unguis. 


UNGUIS [Ovvé, idem] a nail of the hand 
or foot. The third degree in the Linnean 
fcale for meafuring the parts of plants ; the 
length of a finger-nail, containing fix Linee, or 
half a Parifian inch. See Menfura. . 

Unguts, the bafis of each petalum in a polype- : 
talous Corolla. 


UNICUS Fils, when the entire ftem pro- 
duces but one flower ; different in fignification 

~ from Soltarius, which fee. 
tut Unica 


VO 


Unica Radix, a fingle root; having one bulb 
only, oppofed to duplicata. 


UNIFLORUS Pedunculus [unus, one, & 
ffos, a flower] bearing one flower ; having but 
one fruétification on each Pedunculus, 


UNILATERALIS Racemus [unus, one, & 
latus, a fide] when the flowers grow only on 
one fide of the pedunculus. 

Unilaterales Cotyledones, growing on one fide 


only; a fpecies of the AdZonocotyledones, exempli- 
fied in Palme. 


UNIVERSALIS Umiella, an uniyerfal um- 
bel ; the large Umbella, in an Umbella compofita, 
to the extremities of whofe pedunculi the umbel- 
lul@ are attached ; oppofed to partials. 

Univerfale Involucrum, when below the Umbel- 
la univerfalis. 


VOLVA, the membranaceous Calyx of fun- 
gi: it may be approximata, or remotiffima. 


VOLUBILIS Caulis [4 volve, to roll] fpira- 
liter adfcendens per ramum alienum , afcending {pi- 
rally round the branch or ftem of another. 
Their courfe is either /imifrorfum, to the left, 
with the fun’s apparent motion, as in Humulus, 

Helxine, 


. 


VU 


Helxine, Lonicera, Tamus; or dextrorfum, the re- 
verfe, as in Convelvulus, Bafella, Phafeolus, Cy- 
nanche, Euphorbia, Eupatorium. 
Volubilis Cirrbus, a twining tendril, dextrarfum 
.retrorfumque : moft of the leguminofe have ten- . 
drils of this kind. 


URCEOLATA Corolla [Urceolus, ab Urceus, a 
pitcher] bellying out like a pitcher, pelvis inflar 
inflata, et undique gibba. 


URENS Caulis, Folium [Ure, to burn] burn- 


ing, ftinging, like nettles. 


UTRICULI [ab water, a bag, or bottle] /unt 
vajfcula repleta liquore fecreto; a fpecies of glan- 
dular fecretory veffels, obfervable in various 
parts of the furface of fome plants, refembling 
little bottles, replete with a fecerned liquor. 


VULGARIS [Vulgus, the common people} 
common. The trivial or fpecific name of ma- 
ny plants in the old botanifts, as the Hydrocotyle 
vulgaris, &c. Synon. with Frequens. 


F IN, FS. 


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