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GENEALOGY COLLECTION

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Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center

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CLEYELANDr

PAST AND PRRSRNT:

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Representative Men :

COMPRISING

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF PIONEER SE'iTLERS
AND PROMINENT CITIZENS,

WITH A

HISTORY OF THE CITY.

AND HISTORICAL SKETCHES OF ITS COMMERCE, MANUFACTURES.

SHIP BUILDING, RAILROADS, TELEGRAPHY, SCHOOLS,

CHURCHES, ETC., PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED

WITH PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS

AND PORTRAITS.

>XAXJRIGE JOBLIIN", PXJBLISHER.

CLEVELAND, 0.;

TAmBANKS. BENEI/ICT * CO., PRINTIir.?, HERALD OFFICE

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l<i:?C598

Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1809, by

MAURICE JOBLIN,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of Ohio.

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PREFACE.

In niany ways the story of the survey and first settlement of Cleveland has
been made familiar to the public. It has been told at pioneer gatherings, repro-
duced in newspapers and periodicals, enlarged upon in directory pretaces and
condensed for works of topographical reference. Within a short time Col. Charles
Whittlesey has gathered up, collected, and' arranged the abundant materials for
the Early History of Cleveland in a handsome volume bearing that title.

But Col, Whittlesy's volume closes with the war of 1812, when Clc\ eland
was still a pioneer settlement with but a few families. The history of the growth
of that settlement to a village, its development into a commercial port, and
then into a large and flourishing city, with a busy population of a hundred
thousand persons, remained mostly unwritten, and no part of it existing in perma-
nent form. The whole period is covered by the active lives of men yet with
us who have grown up with the place, and with whose history that of the
city is inseperably connected. It occurred to the projector of this work that a
history of Cleveland could be written in the individual histories of its represen-
tative men, that such a volume would not only be a reliable account of the
growth of the city in its general features and in the development ol: its several
branches of industry, but would possess' the additional advantage of the interest
attaching to personal narrative. This idea has been faithfully worked out in the
following pages, not without much labor and difficulty in the collection and arrange-
ment of the materials. Besides the personal narratives, an introductory skecch to
each of the departments of business into which the biographical sketches are
grouped gives a brief account of the rise and present position of that particular
industry ; these, taken together, forming a full and accurate business and profes-
sional history of the city. An introductory sketch of the general history ot
Cleveland gives completeness to the whole, whilst the numerous illustrations and
portraits add greatly to the interest and value of the work.

Numerous as are the sketches, it is not, of course, claimed that all are repre-
sented in the volume who deserve a place in it. This would be impossible in
a work of ordinarv dimensions, even were it convenient, or even possible, to
obtain the necessary materials. The aim has been to sketch sufficient of the
representative men in each leading business and professional department to give a
fair idea of the nature and extent of that department. It is not a complete
biographical dictionary of Cleveland, but a volume of biographical selections, made,
as the lawyers say, " without prejudice."

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HISTORY OF CLEVELAND.

For the records of the first sixteen or Beventeen years of the history of Cleveland,
what may be styled its pioneer history, the local historian -will hereafter be indebted
to the work of Col. Whittlesey, where every known and reliable fact connected with
that period of Cleveland's history is carefully preserved.

The city was originally comprised in lands purchased by the " Connecticut Land
Ck)mpany," and formed a portion of what is termed the Western Reserve. This
company was^ organized in 1795, and in the month of May of the following- year,
it commissioned General Moses Cleaveland to superintend the survey of their lands,
with a staflF of forty-eight assistants. On the 22d of .July, 1796, General Cleaveland,
accompanied by Augustus Porter, the principal of the surveying department, and
several others, entered the mouth of the Cuyahoga from the lake. Job P. Stiles
and his wife are supposed to have been with the party. General Cleaveland con-
tmued his progress to Sandusky Bay, leaving enough men to put up a storehouse
for the supplies, and a cabin for the accommodation of the surveyors. These were
located a short distance south of St. Clair street, west of Union lane, at a spring
in the side-hill, in rear of Scott's warehouse. During the season a cabin was put
up for Stiles, on lot o3, east side of Bank street, north of the Herald Building,
where Morgan i Roofs block now stands. This was the first building for permanent
settlement erected on the site of the city, altliough huts for temporary occupancy
had been previously built in the neighborhood. ^

Upon the return of the party from Sandusky, Mr. Porter prepared the outHnes
of the city. He says : " I surveyed a piece of land designed for a town— its dimen-
sions I do not recollect— probably equal to about a mile square, bounding west on
the river, and north on the lake. I made a plot of this ground, and laid it off
into streets and lots. Most or all the streets I surveyed myself, when I left it m
charge of Mr. Holley to complete the survey of the lots."

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2 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT.

The survey of tlie city was commenced on the 16th of September, and completed
about the 1st of October, 1796. Ilolley's notes state that on Monday, Octoljer ITrh,
he " finished surveying in Xew Connecticut ; weather rainy," and on the fuUowing
day he records: " We left Cuyahoga at 3 o'clock 17 minute-;, for HO}.rE. We left at
Cuyahoga, Job Stiles and wife, and Joseph Landon, with provieions for the Winter."
Landon soon abandoned the spot and his place was taken' by Edward Paine, who
had arrived from the State of New York, for the purpose of trading with the Indians,
and who may be considered the first mercantile man who transacted business in
Cleveland. Thus, during the Winter of 1796-7, the population of the city consisted
of three inhabitants. During the Winter a child is reputed to have been born in
the cabin, which had only squaws for nurses.

Early in the Spring of 1797, James Kingsbury and family, from New England,
with Elijah Gunn, one of the surveying party, all of whom had continued during
the Winter at Conneaut, where they had endured incredible hardships, removed to
Cleveland. His first cabin was put up on the site of the Case Block, east of the
Public Square, but he subsequently removed to a point east of the pre.^ent citv
lin-iits, somewhere on a line with Kinsman street. Here he remained until his
death.

The next families who were attracted to this settlement were those of Major
Lorenzo Carter and Ezekiel Hawley, who came from Kirtland, Vermont, the famiiy
of the Major being accompanied by Miss Cloe Inches. In the Spring of the follow-
ing year, (1708.) the former gentleman sowed two acres of corn on the west .side
of Water street. He was also the first person who erected a frame building in
the city, which he completed in 180".2 ; bu* an unfortunate casualty proved fatal
to the enterprise, for when he was about to occupy the residence it was totally
destroyed by fire. In 1803, however, he erected another house on the site of the
destroyed building, but on this occasion he confined himself to hewn logs.

The fourth addition of the season was that of Nathan Chapman and his family,
who, like the patriarchs of yore, traveled with his herd, and marched into the Forest
City at the head of two yoke of oxen and four milch cows, which were the first neat
stock that fed from the rich pasturage on the banks of the Cuyahoga.

In tlie Summer of 1797, the surveying party returned to the Western Reserve
and resumed their labors, with Cleveland as a headquarters. It was a. very sickly
season and three of the number died, one of whom wu.s David Eldridge, whose remains
were interred in a piece of ground chosen as a cemetery, at the corner of Prospect
and Ontario streets. This funeral occurred on the 3d of June, 1797, and is the first
recorded in the city. Recently, while making some improvements to the buildings
now occupying that location, some human bones were discovered.

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CLEVELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT. '^

Less tlian one montli utter tlit- first t'lint'nil, occurred the fir.-^t wi-ddinjr. 'Iti iltn
let of July, 1797, the marriage was solemnizt^d of William Clement, of Erif-. to
Miss Cloe Inches, who had come to this city with the family of Major Lnr.-iizo
Carter. The ceremony was jjerformed by Mr. Seth Hart, who wa'» re^^arded by
the surveying party as their chaplain.

In the beginning of the following year, ,(1798,) the pojjulation had increas;.-d to
fifteen. No other immigration is recorded until that of Rodolphus Edwards and
Nathaniel Doane and their families, in 1799, the latter consisting of nine persons.
They journeyed from Chatham, Connecticut, and were occupied ninety-t%so days in
their transit — a longer period than is now allowed to accomplish a voyage to the
East Indies.

In 1799, the Land Company caused a road to be surveyed and partially worked,
from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, about ten miles from the lake, which was
the first road opened through the Reserve. In the Spring of that year Wheeler
W. Williams, from Norwich, Connecticut, and Major Wyatt, erected a grist mill at
the falls at Newburgh, and in 1800 a saw mill was also built by them ; a sub-
stantial proof that sufficient corn and wheat were grown and lumber re<4uired to
warrant the speculation.

The desire of moral culture and education did not relax in this lonely rfgiou.
and in 1800, a township school was organized, and the children were taught by
Sarah Doane. The site of the school house was near Kingsbury's, on the ridge
road.

Cleveland received two additions in ISOO, in the persons of David Clarke and
Amos Spafford, the former of whom erected a house on Water street. The tir>t
sermon preached in Cleveland, was delivered in that year by the Rev. Joseph Badger,
an agent of the Connecticut Missionary Society.

The years of 1798, 1799 and 1800, were remarkable for the early commencement
of genial weather. Pinks were in bloom in February, and the peach trees were
also in fall blossom in March.

In ISOl, the first distillery was erected by David Bryant. The memorable 4ili
of July of the same year was celebrated by the first ball in Cleveland. It took place
at Major Carter's log house, on the slope from Superior street to the harbor, and
was attended by thirty of both sexes. *

The first \-illage school was held in Major Carter's house in 1802, and the children
"were taught by Anna Spatford.

In 1803, Elisha Norton arrived in Cleveland with a stock of goods prin.i-
pally adapted to the Indian trade, which he exhibited for sale in Major Carter'^

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4 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT.

housft. The State of Ohio was this year udinittiHl into the Union, and the first
election was held at James Kingsbury's.

The first Post Office was established here in 1804, when letters were received
and transmitted every seven days.

In 1805, the harbor was made a port of entry, and classed within the Erie
district. In the same year the territory on the west side of Cuyahogra was ceded
to the State by treaty. Durinjr the negotiations for that treaty, one of the commis-
sioners, Hon. Gideon Granger, distinguished for talents, enterprise and forethought,
uttered to his astonished associates this bold, and what was then deemed, extraor-
dinary prediction : " Within fifty years an extensive city will occupy these grounds,
and vessels will sail directly from this port into the Atlantic Ocean." The prediction
has been fulfilled, though the latter portion of it required an extension of time,
of a year or two to make the fulfilment literal.

In 180G, Nathan Perry and family and Judge Walworth removed to Cleveland
the latter from Painesville. In the same year the first militia training occurred.
The place of rendezvous was Doane's corner, and the muster amounted to about
fifty men.

In 1809, the county of Cuyahoga was formed, Cleveland chosen as the county
seat, and Amos Spafford was elected representative. The same year Abraham Hickox
commenced business as a blacksmith, under the euphonious cognomen of " Uncle
Abram."

On the oih of June, 1810, the first Court of Record was held in a frame build-
ing erected by Elias and Harvey Murray, on the the north side of Superior street.
of which Judge Ruggles was President, assisted by three Associate Judges. George
Wailis and family arrived this year and opened a tavern. Samuel and Matthew
Williamson began business as tanners. Dr, David Long commenced practice as a
physician, and Alfred Kelley as the first attorney in Cleveland. Elias and Harvey
Murray opened a store this year in Union lane, and may be termed the first
general merchants.

In 1812, was the first trial for murder and the execution in Cleveland, that of
the Indian O'Mic. for the murder of two white trappers near Sandusky City. In
the same year the court house was built.

The first brick house erected in the city was that of J. R. and I. Kelley, in
Superior street. It was built in 1S14; but the bricks were very unlike those of the
present day, being more than twice their size. They were made in Cleveland. This
edifice was soon succeeded by another of the same material, built by Alfred Kelley,
in Water street.

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CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT. 5

In 1815, Cleveland was incorporated by the Legislature with a villaj^e charter
and Alfred Kelley was the first President.

In 181<>, the first bank was established in the city, under the title of the Com-
luerciul Bank of Lake Erie, of which Leonard Case took the manai^ement. In tLat
year the number of vessels enrolled as hailing from the port of Cleveland, was but
seven, and their aggregate burthen 400 tons.

In 1817, the first church was organized, which was the Episcopal church of
Trinity ; but it was not until IS'^S that the edifice was erected on the corner of
St. Clair and Seneca streets.

On the 31st of July, 1818, the first newspaper was printed in this city, " T!ie
Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Kegister." On the 1st of September in the same
year, the first steam vessel entered the harbor, the " Walk-in-thn- Water," commanded
by Captain Fish, from Buffalo, putting in on its way to Detroit. It was ;j)0 tons
burthen, had accommodations for one hundred cabin and a greater number of
steerage passengers, and was propelled at eight or ten miles an hour. Its arrival
and departure were greeted with several rounds of artillery, and many persona
accompanied her to Detroit.

In 1819, Mr. Barber built a log hut on the west side of the harbor, and may
be considered the first permanent settler in Ohio City.

In 1820, was established a stage conveyance to Columbus, and in tlie autuma a
second proceeded to Norwalk. In 1821, these eflTjrts were followed by othe.s, and
two additional wagons were started, one for Pittsburgh and another for Biifialo.

In 1825, an appropriation was made by Government for the improvement of the
harbor, being the first Government aid received for that purpose. The water in
the river was frequently so shallow that it was customary for vessels to lie off in
the lake and transfer passengers and freight by boats. On the 4th of July in that
year ground was broken at Licking Summit for the Ohio canal, to connect the
waters of Lake Erie at Cleveland with those of the Ohio river at Portsmouth.

In 1827, Mr. Walworth, the harbor-master and Government agent, proceedeil to
Wa.shingtou, and after the most strenuous exertions, succeeded in obtaining a further
grant of $10,000 for the improvement of the harbor. In the same year the (/uiu
canal was opened to Akron, and the first importation of coal to Cleveland made.

In 1828, a new court-house was erected on the Public Square.

The light-house, on the blufl;' at the end of Water street, was built in l»oO, the
lantern being one hundred and thirty-five feet above water level.

In 1S32, the Ohio canal was finished and communication between the hike and
the Ohio river opened. In the same year a new jail was built on Champlain street.

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6 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PLiESENT.

In 1884, some of the streets were <,'ra^lecl, and tlie village assumed such
importance that application for a citv charter becjan to be talked of.

The population of the city had grown in 1S35 to 5,080, havincr more than
doubled in two years. There was at this time an immense rush of people to
the West. Steamers ran from Buffalo to Detroit crowded with passengers at a
fare of eight dollars, the number on board what would now be called small
boats, sometimes reaching from five hundred to six hundred persons. The line
hired steamers and fined them a hundred dollars if the round trip was not made
in eight days. The slower bouts, not being able to make that time with any
certainty, frequently stopped at Cleveland, discharged th^^ir passengers, and put
back to Buffalo. It sometimes chanced that the shore accommodations were
insufficient for the great crowd of emigrants stopping over at this port, and the
steamers were hired to lie off the port all night, that the passengers mio-ht
have sleeping accommodations. In that year fire destroyed a large part of
the business portion of Cleveland. At the same period James S. Clark built, at
his own expense, the old Columbus street bridge, connecting Cleveland with
Brooklyn township, and donated it to the city. Two years later this bridge
was the occasion and scene of the famous " battle of the bridge," to be noticed
in its proper place.

In 1836, Cleveland was granted a charter as a city. Greatly to the mortifi-
^' cation of many of the citizens, the people across the river had received their
chaner for the organization of Ohio City before that for the city of Cleveland
came to hand, and Ohio City, therefore, took precedence ou point of age. This
tended to embitter the jealous rivalry between the two cities, and it was only
after long years that this feeling between the dwellers on the two sides of the
river died out.

The settlement on the west side of the river had been made originally by
Josiah Barber and Richard Lord. Soon after Alonzo Carter purchased on that
side of the river and kept tavern in the " Hed House," opposite Superior street.
In 1831, the Buffalo Company purchased the Carter farm which covered the low
land towards the mouth of the river, and the overlooking bluffs. They covered
the low ground with warehouses, and the bluffs with stores and residences.
Hotels were erected and preparations made for the building up of a city that
should far eclipse the older settlement on the east side of the river. The com-
pany excavated a short ship canal from the Cuyahoga to the old river bed, at
the east end, and the waters being high, a steamboat passed into the lake,
through a natural channel at the west end.

When it was proposed to get a city charter for Cleveland, negotiations were

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CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT. 1

entered into between the leading men on botli sides of the river with the pur-
pose of either consolidating the two \'illages into one city, or at least acting in
harmony. The parties could agree neither on terms of consolidation nor on
boundaries. The negotiations were broken off, and each side started its deputation
to Columbus to procure a city charter, with the result we have already noticed.

Ohio City was ambitious to have a harbor of its own, entirely independent of
Cleveland and to the advantages of which that city could lay no claim. The
old river bed was to be deepened and the channel to the lake at the west end
re-opened. As a preliminary to this ignoring of the Cleveland harbor entrance
of the Cuyahoga, a canal was cut through the marsh, from opposite the entrance
to the Ohio canal to the old river bed, which was thus to be made the termi-
nus of the Ohio canal.

In 1837, city rivalry ran so high that it resulted in the "battle of the bridge."
Both sides claimed jurisdiction over the Columbus street bridge built by Mr.
Clark and donated for public use. Armed men turned out on either side to
take possession of the disputed structure. A field piece was posted on the low
ground on the Cleveland side, to rake the bridge. Guns, pistols, crowbars, clubs
and stones were freely used on both sides Men were wounded of both partie-s
three of them seriously. The draw was cut away, the middle p:er and the
western abutment partially blown down,^ and the field piece spiked by the west
siders. But the sheriff and the city marshal of Cleveland appeared on the scene,
gained poseesion of the dilapidated bridge, which had been given to the city of
Cleveland, and lodged some of the rioters in the county jail. This removed the
bridge question from the camp and battle-field to the more peaceful locality of

the courts.

In 1840, the population had increased to 6071, so that, notwithstanding that
the city had been suffering from depression, there was an infiux of a thousand
persons in the last five years.

In 1841, the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal was completed, connecting the Ohio
Canal at Akron with the Ohio river at Beaver, Pennsylvania, and thus forming a
water communication with Pittsburgh.

The United States Marine Hospital, pleasantly situated on the banks of the lake,
was commenced in 1844 and not completed until 1852. It is surrounded by eight
acres of ground, and is designed to accommodate one hundred and forty patients.

In 184.5, the city voted to loan its credit for !^-200,000 towards the construction
of a railroad from Cleveland to Columbus and Cincinnati, and subsequently the
credit of the city was pledged for the loan of $100,000 towards the completion
of the Cleveland and Erie or Lake Shore line.

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8 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT.

In 1851, the 23d of February, the Cleveland, Columbue and Cincinnati Railroad
was opened for travel ; and on the same day forty miles of the (.Cleveland and
Pittsburgh Railroad was likewise completed. These circumstances produced great
rejoicings, for during the period of their construction the city had been almost
daily adding to the number of its inhabitants, so that it had nearly doubled in
the last six years, its population being now 21,140, and in the following year
(1852) it added eighty-seven persons per week to its numbers, being then 25,670.

In 1858, the new court house was built and the old court house on the
Public Square was taken down.

We have thus glanced at a few of the leading incidents in the history of
the city. A more full and exact account will be found in the historical sketches
prefacing each department in the body of the work, and still further details will
be found in the biographical sketches. There only remains to be added here a
few data in regard to the population, government, and officials of the city.

The population of Cleveland commenced in 1796, with four persons. Xext
year the number increased to fifteen, but in 1800, had fallen back to seven. The
subsequent figures are : 1810, 57 ; 1820, about 150 ; 1S25, about 500 ; 1830, United
States census, 1,075; 1832, about 1,500; 1833, about 1,900; 183-4, city census,
6,071, or with Ohio City, 7,648; 1845, 9.573. or with Ohio City, 12,035; 1846,
Cleveland 10,135; 1850, United ; States census, 17,034, or with Ohio City, 20,984;
1851, city census, 21,140 ; 1852, 25,670 ; 1860, United States census for combined
city, 43,838; 1866, 67,500; 1869, not less than 100,000.

The village of Cleveland was incorporated in 1814, and the first president of
the village, elected in 1815, was Alfred Kelley. Twelve votes were cast at the
election. In the following year he resigned his position, and his father, Daniel
Kelley, was elected by the same number of votes, retaining his position until
1820, when Horace Perry was made president. In the following year he was
succeeded by Reuben Wood. From the year 1821 to 1825, Leonard Case was
regularly elected president of the corporation, but neglecting to qualify in the
latter year, the recorder, E. Waterman, became president, ex-officio. Here the
records are defective until the year 1828, when it appears Mr. Waterman received
the double olEce of president and recorder. On account of ill-health he resigned,
and on the 30th of May the trustees appointed Oirson Cathau as president. At
the annual election in June, 1820, Dr. David Long was elected president, and
during his presidency a fire-engine was purchased. Forty-eight votes were cast
at this election. For the years 1830 and 1831, Uichard Iliiliard was president,
and for the following year John W. Allen was chosen, and retained the position
until 1835, one hundred and six votes being cast at the last named election.

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CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT. 9

The mayors of Ohio City, up to tlie time of the consolidation, were as follows
1836, Josiah Barber ; 1837, Francis A. Burrows ; 1838-9, Norman C. Baldwin
184041, Necdham M. Standart ; 1842, Francis A. Burrows; 184:3. Richard Lord
1844-5-6, D. II. Lamb; 1847, David Griffith; 1848, John Beverlin ; 1840, Thomas
Buruham ; 18o0-ol-o3, Benjamin Sheldon ; 1853, Wm. B. Castle.

The first mayor of the city of Cleveland was John W. Willey, who held the
office for two terms, namely, for the years 183G and 1837, the term under the old
constituiion being but for one year. In 1853, the term was extended to two years,
Abner C. Brownell being re-elected for the first two-year term. Under that
mayoralty the consolidation of the two cities was effected, and the nexi mayor,
according to the understanding, was taken from the late municipality of Ohio
City, William B. Castle being elected for the term of 1855-6.

When Cleveland was raised to the dignity of a city, in 1836, it was divided
info three wards, each ward represented by three councrlmeu and one alderman.
In 1851, a fourth ward was added, the increased population rendering the
re-arraugement necessary. In 1853, under the operation of the new constitution,
the aldermen were dispensed with ; the wards had previously been restricted to two
trustees, or coimcilmen, each. In 1854, the two cities of Cleveland and Ohio City
been having united, the consolidated city was divided into eleven wards. This
number remained until 1868, when, by the annexation of additional territory, a re-
division was necessitated, and the city districted into fifteen wards.

As an interesting and valuable contribution to the municipal history of the
city we give thq following complete record of the executive and legislative gov-
ernment of Cleveland since its organization as a city :

1836. Mayor — John W. Willey. President of the Council — Sherlock J. Andrews.
Aldermen— Richard Hilliard, Joshua Mills, Nicholas Dockstader. Councilmen— 1st
Ward— Morris Hepburn, John R. St. John, William V. Craw. 2d Ward— Sherlock
J. Andrews, Henry L. Noble, Edward Baldwin. 3d Ward— Aaron T. Strickland,
Horace Canfield, Archibald M. C. Smith.

1837. Mayor — John W. Willey. President of the Council — Joshua Mills.
Aldermen— Joshua Mills, Nicholas Dockstader, Jonathan Williams. Councilmen —
1st W^ard— George B. Merwin, Horace Canfield, Alfred Hall. 2d Ward— Edward
Baldwin, Samuel Cook, Henry L. Noble. 3d Ward— Samuel Starkweather, Joseph
K. j^Iiller, Thomas Colahan.

1838. Mayor — Joshua Mills. President of the Council — Nicholas Dockstader.
Aldermen — Nicholas Dockstader, Alfred Hall, Benjamin Harrington. Councilmen —
Ist Ward— George C. Dodge, Modes A. Eldridge, Herrick Childs. 2d Ward-

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10 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT.

Benjamin Andrews, Leonard Case, Henry Blair. . .3d Ward — Molanctlion Barnett,
■ Tliomas Colahan, Tom Lemen.

1839. Mayor — Joshua Mills. President of tlie Council — John A. Foot. Alder-
men— Harvey Rice, Edward Baldwin, Richard Hilliard. Councilman — 1st Ward —
George Mendenhall, Timothy P. Spencer, Moses Ross. 3d Ward — John A. Foot,
Charles M. Giddings, Jefferson Thomas. 3d Ward — Thomas Bolton, Tom Lemen,
John A. Vincent.

1840. Mayor — Nicholas Docbstader. President of the Council — William Milford.
Aldermen — William Milford, William Lemen, Josiah A. Harrife. Councilmen — let
Ward — Ashbel W. Walworth, David Hersch, John Barr. 2d Ward — David Allen,
John A. Foot, Thomas M. Kelley. 3d Ward — Stephen Clary, Charles Bardburc,
John A. Vincent.

1841. Mayor — John W. Allen. President of the Council — Thomas Bolton.
Aldermen — William Milford, Thomas Bolton, Newton E. Crittenden. Councilmen
— 1st Ward — Nelson Hay ward, Herrick Chiids, George B. Tibbets. 2d Ward —
Moses Kelly, W. J. Warner, M. C. Younglove. 3d Ward — Philo Scovill, Benj.
Harrington, Miller M. Spaugler.

1842. Mayor — Joshua Mills. President of the Covmcil — Benjamin Harrington.
Aldermen — Nelson Hayward, William Smyth, Benjamin Harrington. Councilmen —
1st Ward — William D. Nott, Robert Bailey, Henry Morgan. 2d Ward — George
Mendenhall, George Witherell, Jefferson Thomas. 3d Ward — William T. Goodwin,
George Kirk, Levi Johnson.

1843. Mayor — Nelson Hayward. President of the Council — George A. Benedict.
Aldermen — Vrilliam D. Nott, Samuel Cook, Samuel Starkweather. Councilmen —
Ist Ward — Robert Bailey, John B. Wigman, James Church, Jr. 2d Ward — Stephen
Cl&vj, Alanson H. Lacy, George A. Benedict. 3d Ward — William T. Good\*in,
John Wills, Alexander S. Cramer.

1844. Mayor — Samuel Starkweather. President of the Council — Melancthon
Barnett. Aldermen — Leander M. Hubby, Stephen Clary, Wiiliam T. Goodwin.
Councilmen — 1st Ward — Thomas Mell, George F. Marshall, E. St. John Bemis.
2d Ward — Charles Stetson, Jacob Lowman, John Outhwaite. .3d Ward — William
F. Allen, Melancthon Barnett, John F. Warner.

1845. Mayor — Samuel Starkweather. President of the Council — Flavel W.
Bingham. Aldermen — Charles W. Heard, George Witherell, L. O. Mathews.
Councilmen — 1st Ward — Flavel W. Bingham, Peter ChuI, Samuel C. Ives. 2d
Ward — James Gardner, Ellery G. Williams, David L. Wood. 3d Wartl — Arthur
Hughes, John A, Wheeler, Orville Gurley.

1846. Mayor — George Hoadiey. President of the Council — Leander M. Hubby.

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CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT. 11

Aldermen — Leander M. Hubby, John H. Gorham, Josiah A. Harris. CouDcilmcn
— 1st Ward — E. St. John Bemis, John F. Chamberlain, John Gill. 2d Ward —
William Case, William Bingham, John A. Wheeler. 3d Ward — William K. Adams
Marshall Carson, Liakim L. Lyon.

1847. Mayor — Josiah A. Harris. President of the Council — Flavel W. Bingham.
Aldermen — Flavel W. Bingham, William Case, Pierre A. Mathivet. Councilraen —
1st Ward— David Clark Doan, Henry Everett, John Gill. 2d Ward— -John Er\s-in,
Charles Hickox, Henry B. Payne. 3d Ward — Alexander Seymour, Alexander S.
Cramer, Orville Gurley.

1848. Mayor— Lorenzo A. Kelsey. President of the Council— Flavel W. Bing-
ham. Aldermen— Flavel W. Bingham, William Case, Alexander Seymour. Coun-
cilraen—Ist Ward- Richard Norton, John Gill, Charles M. Read. 2d Ward-
Henry B. Payne, Leander M. Hubby, Thomas C. Floyd. 3d Ward— Samuel
Starkweather, Robert Parks, William J. Gordon.

1849. Mayor- Flavel W. Bingham. President of the Council— William Case.
Aldermen— William Case, Alexander Seymour, John Gill. Councilmen — Ist Ward
— David W. Cross, Richard Norton, Henry Everett. 2d Ward — Alexander Mcin-
tosh, John G. Mack, James Calyer. 3d Ward— Arthur Hughes, Abner C. Brownell
Christopher Mollen.

1850. Mayor— William Case. President of the Council— Alexander Seymour.
Aldermen — Alexander Seymour, John Gill, Leander M. Hubby. Councilmen— 1st
Ward — William Given, George Whitelaw, Buckley Stedman. 2d Ward — Alex-
ander Mcintosh, William Bingham, Samuel Williamson. 3d Ward— x\rthur
Hughes, Abner C. Brownell, Levi Johnson.

1851. Mayor— William Case. President of the Council— John Gill. Aldermen
— John Gill, Leander M. Hubby, Abner C. Brownell, Buckley Stedman. Council-
men— 1st Ward— Jabez W. Fitch, George Whitelaw. 2d Ward — Alexander Mcin-
tosh, Thomas C. Floyd. 3d Ward — Stoughton Bliss, Miller M. Spangler. 4th
Ward— Marshall S. Castle, James B. Wilbur.

1852. Mayor — Abner C. Brownell. President of the Council — Leander M.
Hubby. Aldermen — John B. Wigman, Leander M. Hubby, Basil L. Spangler,
Buckley Stedman. Councilmen — 1st Ward — Henry Morgan, Aaron Merchant. 3d
Ward— William H. Sholl, Robert B. Bailey. 3d Ward— Stoughton Bliss, John B.
Smith. 4th Ward — Admiral N. Gray, Henry Howe.

1853. Mayor— Abner C. Brownell. President of the Council — William H. Sholl.
Trustees — 1st Ward— John B. Wigman, George F. Marshall. 2d Ward— William
H. Sholl, James Gardner. 3d Ward — William J. Gordon, Robert Reilley. 4th
Ward — Henry Everett, Richard C. Parsons.

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12 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT.

1854. Abner C. Browne]!. Prcdident of tlie Council— Richard C. Parsons.
Trustees— 1st Ward— John B. Wigman, Charles Bradburn. 2d Ward— ^Villiam H.
Shell, James Gardner. 3d Ward— Christopher Molk-n, Robert Reillev. 4th Ward
—Henry Everett, Richard C. Parsons. 5th Ward— Chauncey Tice, Mathew S.
Cotterell. 6th Ward— Bolivar Butts, John A. Bishop. 7th Ward— W. C. B.
Richardson, George W. Morrill. 8th Ward— A. C. Messenger, Charles W\ Palmer.
9th Ward— Wells Porter, Albert PoweU. 10th Ward— Plimmon C. Benaeit, I. U.
Masters. 11th Ward— Edward Russell, Frederick Sillbers.

1855. Mayor — William B. Castle. President of the Council — Charles Bradburn.
Trustees — 1st Ward — Charles Bradburn, E. A. Brock. 2d Ward — William 11. Sholl,
William T. Smith. 3d Ward — Christopher Mollen, Thomas S. Paddock. 4th
Ward — William H. Stanley, Rensselaer R. Horrick. oth Ward — Chauncey Tice,
Trad L. Beardsley. 6th Ward — Bolivar Butts, John A. Bishop. 7th V/ard — W.
C. B. Kichardson, George W. Morrill. 8th Ward— Charles W. Palmer, S W.
Johnson. Oth Ward— Albert Powell, William A. Wood. 10th Ward— I. U. Mas-
ters, Charles A. Crum. 11th Ward Edward Russell, S. Buhrer.

1856. Mayor — William B. Castle. President of the Council — Charles W. Pal-
mer. Trustees— 1st Ward— E. A. Brock, A. P. Winslow. 2d Ward— Wm. T.
Smith, 0. M. Oviatt. 3d Ward— T. S. Paddock, C. Mollen. 4th Ward— R. R.
Herrick, C. S. Ransom. 5th Ward— C. Tice, F. T. Wallace. 6th Ward— J. A.
Bishop, Harvey Rice. 7th Ward— G. W. Morrill, E. S. Willard. 8th Ward—
S, W. Johnson, R. G. Hunt. Oth Ward- Sanford J. Lewis, Charles W. Palmer.
10th Ward— Charles A. Crum, I. U. Masters. 11th Ward— S. Buhrer, John
Kirkpatrick.

1857. Mayor- Samuel Starkweather. President of the Council— Reuben G.
Hunt. Trustees— 1st Ward— A. P. Winslow, L. J. Rider. 2d Ward— O. M.
Oviatt, Charles D. Williams. 3d Ward— C. Mollen, Charles Patri.-k 4th Ward
— C. S. Ransom, R. R. Herrick. 5th Ward— F. T. Wallace, W. B. Re/n.r. 6th
Ward— Harvey Rice, Jacob Mueller. 7th Ward— E. S. Willard. Joha A. W.-ber.
8th Ward- R. G. Hunt, B. G. Sweet. Oth Ward— C. W. Palmer. J >[. Coillii-
berry. 10th Ward— I. U. Masters, Charles A. Crum. lltli Ward— John Kirk-
patrick, Daniel Stephan.

18-58. Mayor- Samuel Starkweather. President of the Council^Jain. s M.
Coffinberry. Trustees— 1st Ward— L. J. Rider, George B. Senter. 2d Uani—
Chas. D. Williams, O. M. Oviatt. 3d Ward— Levi Johnson. Randall Cruwfunl.
4th Ward— R. R. Herrick,' C. S. Ransom. 5th Ward— Wm. B. R.v.n.r. G. U.
Detmer. 6th Ward— Jacob Mueller, L. D. Thayer. 7th Ward— J. .\. NV •4ht,
ThoB. Thompson. 8th Ward- B. G. Sweet, Charles Winslow. Oth Wani— J. M.

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CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT. 13

Coflinberiy, John N. Ford. lOth Ward — A. G. Ilopkinson, I. U. Masters. 11th
Ward — Daniel Stephaii, Alexander MoLane.

1859. Mayor — George B. Senter. President of the Council — I. U. Masters.
Trustees — 1st \yard — L. J. Rider, James Christian. 2d Ward — 0. M. Oviatt, Wm.

H. Hayward. 8d Ward — Randall Crawford, Louis Heckman. 4th Ward C. S.

Ransom, Isaac H. Marshall. 5th Ward — G. H. Detmer, Jacob Hovey. 6th Ward
— L. C. Thayer, Jared H. Clark. 7th Ward — Thos. Thompson, Jan\e3 R. Wors-
wick. 8th Ward — Charles Winslow, C. L. Russell. 9th Ward — John H. Sargeant,
E. H. Lewis. 10th Ward— L U. blasters, A. G. Hopkinson. llth Ward— A.
McLane, Thomas Dixon.

1860. Mayor — George B. Senter. President of the Council — \. U. Masters
Trustees — 1st Ward — James Christian, Thomas Quayle. 2d Ward — W. H. Hayward,
O. M. Oviatt. 3d Ward — Louis Heckman, H. S. Stevens. 4th Ward — I. H. Mar-
shall, E. Thomas. 5th Ward — Jacob Hovey, W. B. Rezner. 6th Ward Jared

H. Clark, C. J. Ballard. 7th VV^ard— Jas. R. Worswick, E. S. Willard. 8th Ward
— C. L. Russell, J. Dwight Palmer. 9th Ward — E. H. Lewis, Wm. Sabin. 10th
Ward — A. G. Hopkinson, L U. Masters. llth Ward — Thos, Dixon, Daniel Stephan.

1861. Mayor — Edward S. Flint. President of the Council — Henry S. Stevens.
Trustees — Ist Ward — Thomas Quayle, J. J. Benton. 3d Ward — 0. M. Oviatt, T.
N. Bond. 3d Ward — Henry S. Stevens, A. C. Keating. 4th Ward — E. Thomas,
Henry Blair. 5th Ward — W. B. Rezner, Joseph Sturges. Gth Ward — C. J. Bal-
lard, William Meyer. 7th Ward— E. S. Willard, P. M. Freese. Sth AVard— J.
Dwight Palmer, Solon Corning. 9th Ward — Wm. Sabin, A. Anthony. 10th
Ward — I. U. Masters, Wm. Wellhouse. llth Ward — J. Coonrad, Thos. Dixon.

1863. Mayor — Edward S. Flint. President of the Council — I. U. Masters.
Trustees— 1st Ward— J. J. Benton, C. C. Rogers. 2d Ward— T. X. Bond. A.
Roberts. 3d Ward— A. C. Keating, H. S. Stevens. 4th Ward— Henry Blair, E.
Thomas. Sth Ward — Joseph Struges, N. P. Payne. 6th Ward — Wm. Meyer,
Jno. Huntington. 7th Ward — P. M. Freese, E. S. Willard. 8th Ward — Solon
Corning, J. Dwight Palmer. 9th Ward — A. Anthony, A. T. Van Tassel. 10th
Ward — Wm. Wellhouse, I. U. Masters. llth Ward — Thos. Dixon, J. Coonrad.

1863. Mayor — Irvine U. Mastets. President of the Council — H. S. Stevens.
Trustees— 1st Ward— C. C. Rogers, Thos. Jones, Jr. 2d Ward- A. Roberts, T. N".
Bond. 3d Ward- H. S. Stevens, A. C. Keating. 4th Ward— E. Thomas, Henry
Blair. 5th Ward — X. P. Payne, Jo.seph Sturges. 6th Ward — John Huntington,
Geo. W. Gardner. 7th Ward— E. S. Willard, Peter (.oldrick. 8th Ward— J. D.
Palmer, Jos, Ransom. 9th Ward — A. T. Van Tassel, Percival Upion. 10th Ward
— H. N. Bissett, George Presley, llth Ward — J. Coonrad, Stephen Buiirer.

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14 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT.

1864. Major — Irvine U. Masters. Mayor — Qeort^e B. Renter. President of
the Council — Thomas Jones, Jr. Trustees — 1st Ward — Thomas Jones, Jr., Chas.
C. Rogers. 2d TVard— T. N. Bond, Ansel Roberts. ;jd Ward— A. C. Keatinor,
Amos Townsend. 4th Ward — Henry Blair, David A. Dangler, oth Ward — Joseph
Sturges, B. P. Bowers. 6th Ward — George W. Gardner, John Huntington. 7th
Ward— Peter Goldrick, E. S. Willard. 8th Ward— Jose{)h Randerson, Wm. H.
Truscott. 9th Ward — Percival Upton, John Martin. 10th Ward — George Presley,
Michael Crapser. 11th Ward — Stephen Buhrer, Edward Kussell.

1865. Mayor — Herman M, Chapin. President of the Council — Thomas Jones,
Jr. Trustees — 1st Ward — Charles C. 'Rogers, Thomas Jones, Jr. 2d Ward — Ansel
Roberts, Henry K. Raynolds. 3d Ward — Amos Townsend, Randall Crawford. 4th
Ward — David A Dangler, Simson Thorman. 5th Ward— B. P. Bower, Joseph
Sturges. 6th Ward— John Huntington, George W. Calkins. 7th Ward — E. S.
Willard, Charles Pettingill. 8th Ward — William H. Truscott, Joseph Randerson.
9th Ward— John Martin, Fredrick W. Pelton. 10th Ward— John J. \^'eideman,
George Presley. 11th Ward — Edward Russell, Stephen Buhrer.

1866. Mayor — Herman M. Chapin. President of the Council — F. W. Pelton.
Trustees — Ist Ward — Thos. Jones, Jr., Charles C. Rogers. 2d Ward — II. K. Ray-
nolds, Ansel Roberts. 3d Ward — Randall Crawford, Amos Townsend. 4th Ward
— Simson Thorman, Maurice H. Clark. 5th Ward — Joseph Sturges, Wm. Heisley.
6th Ward- George W. Calkins, John Huntington. 7th Ward— Charles B. Pettin-
gill, Christopher Weigel. 8th W|!fd — Joseph Randerson, William H. Truscott. 9th
Ward — Frederick W. Pelton, John Martin. 10th Ward — George Presley, Reuben
H. Becker. 11th Ward — Stephen Buhrer, Robert Larnder.

1867. Mayor — Stephen Buhrer. President of the Council — Amos Townsend.
Trustees — let Ward — Charles C. Rogers, Silas Merchant. 2d Ward — Ansel Roberts,
Peter Diemer. 3d Ward — Amos Townsend, J. C. Shields. 4th Ward — Maurice
B. Clark, Proctor Thayer. 5th Ward— William Heisley, Thomas Purcell. 6th
Ward— John Huntington, Edward Hart. 7th Ward— Christopher Weigel, Charles
B. Pettingill. 8th Ward— William H. Truscott, Josej-h Houstain. 9t]i Ward-
John Martin, F. W, Pelton. 10th Ward— Reuben U. Becker, William W,llhouse.
11th Ward— Robert Larnder, Charles E. Gehriug.

1868. Mayor— Stephen Buhrer. President of the Cuncil— Amoa Townsend.
Trustees— 1st Ward— Silas Merchant, C. C. Rogers. 2d Ward- Peter Dimmer. H.
G. Cleveland. 3d Ward— J. C. Shields, Amos Towneend. 4th Ward— Proctor
Thayer, Maurice B. Clark. 5th Ward— Thos. Parcel!, Nathan P. Payne. tith
Ward— Edwin Hart, John Huntington. 7th Ward— Charles B. Pettingill, George
AngeU. 8th Ward— Joseph Houstain, Patrick Carr. 9ih Ward— F. W. Pelton,

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CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT 15

John Martin. lOtU Ward— William Wellhouse, John J. Weideman 11th Ward
—Charles E. Gehring, George L. Hartncll. 12th Ward— E. C Gaeckley, Benj.
R Beavis. 13th Ward— George Rettberg. Major Collins. 14th Ward— John Jokus,
A. E Ma8sey. loth Ward— B. Lied, John A. Ensign.

18(59 Mayor— Stephen Buhrer. President of the Council— Anius Townsc-nd.
TruBtee— 1st Ward— C. C, Rogers, Silas Merchant. 2d Ward— H. G. Cleveland,
Peter Deimer. 3d Ward — Amos Toivusend, Charles Coates. 4th Ward— R. R.
Herrick, Proctor Thayer. 5th Waul— >rathau P. Payne, Thomas Purcell. Gth
Ward— John Huntington, W. P. Horton 7th Ward— George Angell, Horace
Fuller. 8th Ward— Patrick Carr, Patrick Smith, 9th Ward— John Martin, L.
M. Coe. 10th Ward— John J. Weideman, Wm, Wellhouse. 11th Ward— George
L. Hartnell, John G. Tetter. 12th Ward— Benj. R. Beavis, Eugene C. Gaeckley.
13th Ward— Major Collins, J. H. Slosson. 14th Ward— A. E. Ma.i3ey. A. A.
Jewett. loth Ward— John A. Ensign, C. W. Coates.

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Trade and Coninierce.

HE commercial lii.story of tLe early years of Clevelaml does not difH-r from
-^.:^^, that of most wcstoru settlements. Wlien tlie wliite population numbered
^^'j^ f from a fo\r dozen to a few hundred, it is difficult to define what was
commerce and what mere barter for individual accommodation. Every man did
a little trading on his own account. The carpenter, the tailor, the jud'^e and
the preacher were alike ready to vary their customary occupations by a dicker
whenever an opportunity offered. The craftsman purchased what necessaries or
comforts he needed, and paid -in the work of his hands. The possessor of one
article of daily use traded his superfluity for another article, and for all anicles
furs and skins were legal tender, as they could be sent east and converted into
money or merchandise.

The first strictly commercial transactions were with the Indians. They needed
powder and lead for hunting, blankets for their comfort, beads for the adornment
of the squaws, and the two great luxuries — or necessities — of frontier life, salt
and whisky. In payment for these they brought game, to supply the settlers
with fresh provisions, and skins, the currency of the West. In course of time
the opening up of the country beyond made a new market for the salt, whisky,
and Bait provisions collected at Cleveland, and with these staples went occasionally
a few articles of eastern made goods for the use of the frontiermen's wives. As
the country became more settled the commercial importance of Cleveland increased,
until it divided with Detroit and Buffalo the honors and profits of the commerce
of the lakes.

Cleveland was settled in ITOG. Five years later the first commercial movement'
was made by the erection of a distillery for the purpose of pro%-iding an adeijuate
supply of the basis of early western commerce — whisky. The trade operations
were of a promiscuous and desultory character until about the year ISIO, when
a log warehouse was built by Major Carter, on the bank of the lake> betwet-n
Meadow and Spring streets, and this was speedily followed by another, built by
Elins and Harvey Murray, which became the centre of business and gossip for

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18 CLEVELAND, PAST A XL) FRESEXT:

the village and tlio country round about. Of course a full supply of the great
staple — wliisky — was kept.

In 1813 Cleveland became a lively and prosperous place, it having been chosen
as a depot of supplies and rendezvous for troops engaged in the war. A good
business was done in selling to the army, in exchanginjr with the quarter-
masters, and in transporting troops and supplies. This was a flourishing time
for Cleveland, and its inhabitants in many cases made small fortunes, realizing
several hundred dollars in hard cash.

The close of the war brought the usual reaction, and the commerce of the
embryo city lagged, but gradually improved under the stimulus of increasing
emigration to the West. In 1810 it had reached such a point that a bank was
deemed necessajy to the proper transaction of trade, and the Commercial Bank
of Lake Erie was opened, with Leonard Case as president. It had the misfortune
of being l>orn too soon, and its life consequently was not long. At the same
time, the projectors of the bank were not wholly without warrant for their
anticipations of success, for Cleveland was doing a good business and owned an
extensive lake marine of seven- craft, measuring in the aggregate four hundred
and thirty tons.

The harbor facilities of Cleveland at this time were very few. The river
mouth, to the westward of the present entrance, was frequently choked Avith
sand, and sometimes to such an extent that persons could cross dry shod. Vessels
of any considerable size — and a size then called "considerable" would now be
held in very slight estimation — made no attempt to enter the river, but came to
anchor outside, and were unloaded by lighters. In 180T a scheme was set on
foot for opening a line of communication for trading purposes between Lake -Erie
and the Ohio river, by cleaning out the channels of the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas
rivers for the passage of boats and batteaux ; a wagon road, seven miles long.
from Old Portage to New Portage, making the connection between the two rivers.
It wag supiwsed that twelve thousand dollars would suffice for the purpose, and
the Legislature authorized a lottery by which the funds were to be raised. Th.re
were to be twelve thousand eight hundred tickets at five dollars each, with
prizes aggregating sixty-four thousand dollars, from which a deduction of t%velve
and a half per cent, was to be made. The drawing never came off, and the
money paid for the tickets was refunded some years afterwards, without interrsi.
In. 181G an attempt was made to improve the entrance to the harbor by means
of a pier into the lake. A company was organized for the purpose, a charter
obtaineil from the Legislature, and something done towards building th- p>er.
but the stonns soon washed the slight construrtiun away.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 19

Ten years later, the work of improving the liarLor under tlie direction of the
National Government was begun, the first appropriation being of five thousand
dollars. A new channel was cut, piers commenced, and the work entered upon
•which has been carried on with varying energy to the present time. The opening
of the river gave considerable impetus to the commerce of the place, wliioh was
then carried on_ wholly by lake.

The opening of the Ohio canal was the first grand starting point in tli.'
commercial history of Cleveland. It brought into connection with the lake highway
to markst a rich country rapidly filling up with industrious settlers, and the
products of dairies, grain forms, and grazing lands were brought in great quantitv
to Cleveland, where they were exchanged for New York State salt, lake fish, and
eastern merchandise. Two years after the opening of the canal, which was
completed in 1832, the receipts amounted to over half a million bushels of
wheat, a hundred thousand barrels of flour, a million poimds of butter and nearlv
seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other articles in proportion. Business
went on increasing with great rapidity ; every one was getting rich, in pocket or
on paper, and Cleveland was racing with its then rival, but now a part of itself.
Ohio City, for the distinction of being the great commercial centre of the West.
At that moment, in the year 1837, the great crash came and business of all
kinds was paralyzed. '

Cleveland was one of the fijst places in the West to recover. Its basis was
good, and as the interior of Ohio became more peopled the trade of the canal
increased and, of course, Cleveland was so much the more benefited. The
opening of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, in 1841, opened communication with
Pittsbtirgh and added a trade in iron, nails, and glass to the other branches of
business. In 1844 the commerce of Cleveland by lake had reached an aggregate
of twenty millions for the year.

The opening of the railroad to Columbus in 1851 marked the second step in the
business liistory of the city. The canals brought business from the south-east, and by
a slow and uncertain route from Cincinnati. The completion of the railroad gave
direct and speedy connection with Cincinnati, with the rich valleys of the Miami,
and with lands hitherto undeveloped or seeking other markets for their produce.
Other railroads were rapidly built, and developed new avenues of commerce and
new sources of wealth. The population increased rapidly. The streets were
extended and lined with new buildings. " Additional stores were opened and all
departments felt the rush of new life. The lake commerce of the i>ort, in spit.^
of the business drawn ofl" by competing railroads, increased in ISoo to a total
of eighty seven million dollars, more than four times the amount reached nine

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20 ~ CLEFEL.LVD, P. I ST JXD P RES EXT:

years before, after the canal system had been completed and was in full uiioration.
The orrain trade wliich once was tlie foundation of the commerce of the city,
liad fallen away owing tlie gradual removal of the wheat producing territory
westward. It was asserted, and generally believed, that the canals had done all
they could for the prosperity of the city, and thiit unless something new turned
lip for its benefit, Cleveland would remain at a stand-still, or increase only In-
very slow degrees. Business was extremely dull, the prospect looked dubious,
many business men moved to other cities and more were preparing to follow.
Just then two things occurred. The war brote out, and the Atlantic and Great
Western railway was extended to Cleveland. The latter event opened a new
market for trade in north-western Pennsylvania, and soon after, by sending a
large proportion of the product of the oil regions to this point for refining or
shipment, built up an immense and lucrative department of manufacture and
commerce, whose effect was felt in all classes of business. The war stimulated
raanufat]|ures, and by a sudden bound Cleveland set out on the path of permanent
prosperity long pointed out by some far-seeing men, but until the time referred
to strangely neglected. In a very few years the population more than doubled
the existing facilities for business were found totally inadeciuate for the suddenly
increased demands, and the most strenuous exertions of the builders failed to
meet the call for new stores. Manufactory after manufactory came into existence,
and with each there was an influx of population and a consequent increase in
all departments of trade. And the work still goes on, every manufactory started
creating some need hitherto unfelt, and thus rendering other manufactories necessary
to supply the need.

A careful census of population and business, made towards the close of ISOJi,
In compliance with a request from one department of the Government at ^^ ash-
ington, showed that the population had increased to ninety thousand ; tlu' value
of real estate was valued at fifty millions of dollars, and of personal property at
thirty millions. The commerce, including receipts and shipments by lake, canal,
and railroad, was taken at eight hundred and sixty-five millions of dollars; the
value of manufactures f(jr the year at nearly fifty millions ; the lake arrivals and
clearances at ten thousand, with an aggregate tonnage of over three millions of
tons; and tlu* number of vessels and canal boats owned here at nearly tour
hundred. Seventy years ago Major Carter resided here in lonely state with his
family, being the only white family in the limits of what is now tlio city of
Cleveland. The cash value of the entire trade of Cleveland at that time w.uld
not pay a very cheap ch-rk's salary rtow-adavs.

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ns HEI'UhSEX I.irilE MKX. 21

LEVI JUIINISON.

Tlie l)ioi;rapIiy of Levi Joliiisoii is, in ell'ecL, the Jiislory of Cleve-
land, and a sketch of the more active period of his life involves tiie
narrative of life in Cleveland during the earlier years of its existence.
It is, therefore, of more than ordinary interest.

Mr. Johnson is a native of Herkimer county, New York, having
been born in that county Apiil 25th, ITSG. lie commenced life in a
time and place that admitted of no idlers, young or old, and in i}is
tenth year it was liis weekly task to make and dip out a barrel of
potash, he being too young to be employed with the others in wood-
chopping. Until his fourteenth year he lived with an uncle, working
on a farm, and laboring hard. At that age he determined to be a
carpenter and joiner, "and entered the shop of Ephraim Derrick, with
whom he remained four years. At eighteen, he changed masters and
worked with Latlet Remington, and at twenty-one changed again lo
Stephen Remington, with whom he worked at barn building one
year.

It was whilst he was with Stephen Remington that an event occur-
red that shaped Levi Johnson's future life. Considerable interest
had been excited in regard to Ohio, towards which emigrants were
frequently seen taking their way. A brother of Stephen Remington
was sent west to spy out the land and report on its desirableness as
a ho.me. This committee of one, on lands, came to Newburgh, and
was so strongly impressed with the advantages of the place from
which Cleveland was afterwards said to be but six miles distant, that
he allowed his imagination to run away with liis veracity. lie wrote
back that he had struck the richest country in the world; that the
soil was marvelously fertile, and that corn grew so tall and strong
that the racoons ran up the stems and lodged on the ears out of the
way of the dogs. Great was the excitement in. Herkimer county
when this report was received. Such wonderful growth of corn was
never known in York State, but Ohio was a temi incognita., and
Munchausen himself would have had a chance of being believed had
he located his adventures in what was then the Far West. Stephen
Remington (juit barn-building, shut up his shop, packed up his tools,

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ITS UEl'RhSEXTATIl E MEX. 21

LEVI JOHiNSON.

Tlie bioi!,rai)liy of Levi Johnson is, in eirecL, tiie Jiistory of Cleve-
land, and ii sketch of the more active period of his life involves the
narrative of life in Cleveland during the earlier years of its existence.
It is, therefore, of more than ordinary interest.

Mr. Johnson is a native of Herkimer county, New York, having
been born in that county Apiil 25th, 17SG. lie commenced life in a
time and place that admitted of no idlers, young or old, and in his
tenth year it was his weekly task to make and dip out a barrel of
potash, he being too young to be employed with the others in wood-
chopping. Until his fourteenth year he lived with an uncle, working
on a, farm, and laboring hard. At that age he determined to be a
carpenter and joiner, "and entered the shop of Ephraim Derrick, with
whom he remained four years. At eighteen, he changed masters and
worked with Latlet Remington, and at tvrenty-one changed again to
Stephen Remington, with whom he worked at barn building one
year.

It was whilst he was with Stephen Remington that an event occur-
red that shaped Levi Johnson's future life. Considerable interest
had been excited in regard to Ohio, towards which emigrants were
frequently seen taking their way. A brother of Stephen Remington
was sent west to spy out the land and report on its desirableness as
a InMiie. This committee of one, on lands, came to Newburgh, and
was so strongly impressed with the advantages of the place from
whii'h Cleveland was afterwards said to be but six miles distant, that
he allowed his imagination to run away with his veracity. He wrote
back that he had struck the richest country in the world; that the
soil was marvelously fertile, and that corn grew so tall and strong
that the racoons ran up the stems and lodged on the ears out of the
way of the dogs. Great was the excitement in Herkimer county
when this report was received. Such wonderful growth of corn was
never known in York State, but Ohio was a terra incognita^ and
I\Iunchausen himself would have had a chance of being believed had
he located his adventures in what was then the Far West. Stephen
Remington quit barn-building, shut up his shop, packed up his tools,

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22 CLEl'ELAXD, PAST AND PRESEXT:

and started in the Fall of 1807 for the new Eden, on Lake Erie. In
the succeeding Spring, Johnson followed in his footsteps as far as
East r.looinficld, near Canandaigua, where he worked during that
Summer, building a meeting-house.

In the Fall of ISOS, he shouldered his pack and set out on foot for
the West. At Buffalo he found work and wintered there until Febru-
ary, when his uncle came along, bound also for the land of promise.
There was room in the sleigh for Levi, and he was not loth to avail
himself of the opportunity of making his journey quicker and easier
than on foot. On the 10th of March, 1809. the sleigh and its load
entered Cleveland.

By that time it had come to be hard sledding, so the sleigh was
abandoned and the two travelers, determining to put further west,
mounted the horses and continued their journey to Huron county.
Hero they fell in with Judge Wright and Ruggles, who were survey-
ing the F^re Lands. They wanted a saw-mill, and Johnson's uncle
contracted to build one at the town of Jessuj), now known as Wake-
man. Levi turned back to Cleveland, and was fortunate in iinding a
home in the family of Judge Walworth. The Judge wanted an office
built, and Johnson undertook to make it. Hitherto, all the houses
were of logs; but the Judge, having a carpenter boarding in his
family, aspired to something more pretentious. The building was to
be frame. At that time Euclid was a flourishing settlement, and
rejoiced in that important feature— a saw-mill. The lumber was
brought from Euclid, the frame set up on Superior street, about where
the American House now stands, and ever}' day the gossips of the
little settlement gathered to watch and discuss the x^rogress of the
first frame building in Cleveland. The work occupied forty days, and
when rt was completed, there was great pride in this new feature of
Cleveland architecture. The erection of the first frame building
marked the commencement of a new era.

That job done, Levi turned back to Huron to fulfdl the contract
made by his uncle for the erection of a saw-mill. This was a heavy
job for so small a force, and between three and four months were
spent in it. Slinging his kit of tools on his back, lie tlien turned once
more towards Cleveland, in which he settled down for the remainder
of his life, the next two or three years being spent in building houses
and barns in Cleveland, and in the more tlourishing village of New-
burgh. A saw-mill also was put up on Tinker's creek.

When Mr. Johnson was building the saw-mill at Jessup, he fell in
with a young lady. Miss Montier, who enjoyed the distinction of

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77^^' REPRESESTATIIE MEX. 23

beiii"' the lirsl white girl that lauded in Huron, where she lived with
a ianiilv named llawley. The young carpenter fell in love with the
only pretty girl to be found in the neighborhood, and she was not
unkindly disposed to the young man. When he returned lo Cleve-
land she was induced to come also, and lived with Judge "Walworth,
at that time the great landed owner, and consequently i)romi}ient
man in the thriving village of sixty inhabitants. In ISll, the couple
were married.

In the Fall of 1812, Johnson made a contract with the County Com-
missioners, Messrs. Wright, Kug^les and Miles, to build a Court
House and Jail on the Public Square, opposite where the First Pres-
byterian Church now stands. The material w^as to be logs, laid end-
wise for greater security. The work was pushed forward rapidly the
next Summer, and towards noon of September 12th, Johnson and his
men were just putting the finishing touches to the building, wlien
they w:ere startled by what seemed the roar of distant thunder. On
looking out of the windows not a cloud could be seen in the sky, but
the reverberations continued, and at once the conviction that the
noise was of cannons* seized them. Throwing down their tools they
ran to the bank of the lake, where nearly all the villagers at home^
to the number of about thirty, were already gathered, stretching their
eyes to the westward, whence the sounds came. Now the reports of
the cannon could be plainly distinguished. They knew that Perry's
fleet had passed up the lake, and that, consequently, a battle could
be at any moment expected. The louder reports told when the
Americans fired, for their guns were of heavier caliber than the Eng-
lish. At last the firing ceased for a while. Then three loud reports,
evidently American, were heard, and the little crowd, convinced that
their side had won, gave three hearty cheers for Perry.

About two days afterwards, Johnson and a man named Eumidge
picked up a large fiat-boat that had been built by General Jessup for
the conveyance of troops, and then abandoned. Each of the finders
purchased a hundred bushels of potatoes, took them to the army at
Put-in-Bay, qi?«adrupling the money invested, and giving Johnson his
first financial start in life.

As General Jessup needed the boat to transfer his troops to Maiden.
he retained it, taking Rumidge also into service, and leaving Johnson
to return to Cleveland on the gunboat Somers, of which he was made
pilot for tlio voyage. Shortly afterwards Rumidge returned with the
boat and brought news that the American forces had fought a battle
with the British at Moravian Town. Johnson resumed command of

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24 C LEI' EL. I XI), PAST J XI) P RES EXT:

the llat-boat, and with liis associate freii2,lited it with sui)plies for the
army at Detroit. Tiie speculation was successful, and Johnson en-
gaged with ihe quarter-master of the post to bring a cargo of clothing
from Cleveland to Detroit. The season was fixr advanced, and the
voyage was cut short by the ice in the upper purt of the lake, so that
the boat was headed for Huron, where the cargo was landed and the
freight for that distance paid.

Johnson was now a man of means, the successful transactions witlf
tlie army having given him more money than he had ever possessed
at one time before. His voyages a*id trading success had given him
a taste for similar occupations in the future, and his first step was to
build a vessel for himself. His first essay in ship-building was some-
thing novel The keel was laid for a ship of thirty-five tons, to be
named the Pilot. There was no iron for spikes, but wooden i)ins
supplied their place. Other devices of similar priraitiveness were
resorted tc^ in the course of the work, and at last she was finished.
Now came the question of launching, and it was not lightly to be
answered. Modern builders sometimes meet with a difiiculty owing
to the ship sticking on the ''ways,'' but this early ship-builder of
Cleveland had a greater obstacle than this to overcome. He had
built his ship with very slight reference to the lake on which she vv\as
to lloat. For convenience in getting timber, and other reasons, he
had made his ship-yard about half a mile from the water, near where
St. Paul's Church now stands on Euclid avenue, and the greasing of
the " ways" and knocking out of the blocks would not ensure a suc-
cessful launchu Here was a dilemma. Johnson pondered and then
resolved. An appeal for aid was promptly, responded to. The far-
mers from Euclid and Xewburgh came in with twenty-eight yoke of
cattle. The ship was hoisted on wheels and drawn in triumph down
the main street to the foot of Superior street hill, where she was
launched into the river amid the cheers of the assembled crowd.

This was not the first of Cleveland ship-building. xVbout the year
ISOS, Major Carter built the Zephyr, used in bringing goods, salt, &c.,
from Bullalo. After good service she was laid up in a creek, a little
below Black Rock, where she was found by the British during the
war and burned. In ISIO, the firm of Bixby &: Murray built the
Ohio, an important craft of somewhere about sixty tons burden,
the ship-yard being lower down the river tiian the point from which
Johnson's craft was subsequently launched. Towards the closfe
of the war she was laid up at Butfalo, when the Government pur-
chased her, cut her down, and converted her into a pilot boat.

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ITS REFRESEXTATllE ME\. 25

Whilst Johnson was building his vessel another was under construc-
tion on the Jlals near the present location of the works of J. G. IIus-
sey v)c Co. This craft, the Lady of the Lake, about thirty tons, was
l>uilt by Mr. Gaylord, brother of the late Mrs. Leonard Case, and was
sailed by Captain Stowe, between Detroit and BuH'alo.

Johnson was now literally embarked on a sea of success. His
little ship was in immediate requisition for army purposes. Cargoes
of army stores were transported between Buflalo and Detroit. Two
loads of soldiers were taken from Buffalo to the command of ]\Lijor
Camp, at Detroit, and on one of the return voj'ages the guns left by
Harrison at Maumee were taken to Erie. The absconding of a quar-
termaster with the funds in his possession, among other sums three
hundred dollars belonging to Johnson, was a serious drawback in the
Summer's operations.

In the Spring of 1S15, he recommenced carrying stores to MaldcPi,
reaching there on his first trip March 20th, and on this voyage L-ad
Kelle^'r was a passenger. His second trij) was made to Detroir.
When passing Maiden he was hailed from the fort, but as he paid no
attention. Major FutofF fired a shot to make the vessel heave-to and
leave the mail. The shot passed through the foresail, but was not
heeded. A second shot was fired and then Johnson considered it
prudent to heave-to and go ashore. He was sternly questioned as to
his inattention to the lirst orders to heave-to, and reidied that being
a young sailor he did not understand how to heave-to. The ollicer
told him to bring tht." mail ashore, but was met with a refusal, it being
contrary to instructions. Johnson started back to his craft and was
followed by a party of men from the fort, who manned a boat and
gave chase. Johnson, on boarding his vessel, spread sail, and being
favored with a good breeze, drew awiiy from his pursuers and reached
Detroit, where he placed the mail in the post-office.

During the early part of the war, whilst Johnson was building his
vessel and in other ways kept busy, he was chosen coroner of Cuya-
hoga, being the ilrst to hold that office in the county. The sparseness
of the population rendered his duties light, the only inquest during
his term of office being over the body of an old man frozen to death
in Euclid.

Samuel Baldwin was the first sherilF of the county, and Johnson
was his first deputy. His first experience in office was noticeable.
Major Jessup, in command of the troops, had brought to Cleveland
from Pittsburgh a Mr. liobins, who built from thirty to forty Hat
bottomed boats, or batteaux, to be uted in the transportation of the

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26 CLECELAXl), PAST AND PRESEXT.

troops. The Major ran short of funds and left a balance unpaid in
the cost of construction. Robins brought suit, and the Major, think-
ing the deputy sherilf probaljly had some unpleasant business for
him, studiously avoided an interview with Johnson, and whenever
they met by chance, pulled out his pistols and warned Johnson to
keep his distance. It so happened, however, that no legal documents
had been put in his hands for execution, so that the Major was
alarmed without cause.

But the groundless scare of the impecunious Major v.-as a trilling
affair compared with the grand scare that overtook the whole peoide
along the lake in the autumn of 1812, at the time of Hull's surrender
One day a lleet of vessels was seen bearing down upon the coast. It
was first noticed in the vicinity of Huron by a woman. No sooner
had she seen the vessels bearing down towards the coast from tiie
westward, than she rushed into the house, emptied her feather bed
and placed the tick on a horse as a pack-saddle; then catching up
one child before her and another behind, slic rode at the top of the
animal's speed, thinking torture and death lay behind her. When-
ever she passed a house she raised an alarm, and at two o'clock
in the morning, more dead than alive with terror and fatigue, she
m*ged her jaded horse into the vilhige of Cleveland, screaming at the
top of her voice, "The British and Indians are coming! The Britisli
and Indians are coming!" Men slept lightly at that time, with their
senses attent to every sound of danger. The shrieks of the woman
and the dreaded notice of the approach of the merciless foe awoke
the whole village and curdled the blood of the villagers vv-ith horror.
In that brief announcement, "Tlie British and Indians are coming,'
were concentrated possibilities of frightful outrage, carnage and de-
vastation. Wild with the terror of her long and agonized night ride,
the woman reiterated her i^iercing warning again and again, filling
the air with her shouts. A chorus of voices, from the childish trel)]e
to the deep bass of the men, swelled the volume of sound and added
to the confusion and alarm. In a few minutes every liouse was
empty, and the entire population of the village swarmed around the
exhausted woman and heard her brief story, broken by gasps for
breath and by h.ysterical sobs. iShe insisted that a tleet was bearing
down upon the coast with the purpose of spreading carnage and
devastation along the whole lake irontier, that the vessels were
crowded with British troops and merciless savages, and that l-efore
long the musket ball, the iorcli and the scalping knife would seek
their victims among the inhabitants of Cleveland.

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'H Jl'

ITS REPRESENTATIl'E MEX. 27

At onco all was hurry; the entire population prepared lor speedy
tlight. The greater part took to the woods in the direction of Euclid,
the women and children being guarded by some of the men, the
others remaining to reconnoiter, and, if possible, defend their prop-
erty. As soon as the non-fighting portion of the settlement was
cared for, a picked force of twentj^-five men, contributed by Cleve-
land, Euclid and Newburgh, marched to the mouth of the river and
kept guard. It was evening when this little army reached tlie river,
and for hours after dark they patrolled the banks, listening intently
for the approach of the enemy. About two o'clock in the morning a
vessel was hoard entering the river; the guards hastily gathered for
the attack, but before firing, hailed the supposed foe ; an answering
hail was returned. "" Who are you, and what have you on board V
shouted the river guards. " An American vessel loaded with Hull's
troops I" was the reply. The astounded guard burst into laughter
at their absurd scare. The alarm spread with greater swiftness
than the rej)ort of the facts, and for days armed men came pouring
into Cleveland from so far as Pittsburgh, prepared to beat back the
enemy that existed only in their imagination.

It was during this year that the Indian, Omic, was hung for partici-
pating in the murder of the trappers, Gibbs and Wood, near Sandusky,
in return for the shelter given by the tra^jpers to their two murderers.
After committing the murder, the Indians set fire to the hut, and the
llames became the instrument of their cax)ture, for some boys return-
ing from Cold Creek Mill saw the fire, went to it, and discovered the
partly consumed bodies of the murdered men. The murderers were
demanded from the Indians, and Omic was captured by them and
surrendered.

The prisoner was lodged in Major Carter's house until the trial
which was held under a cherry tree at the corner of Water and
Superior streets. Alfred Kelly prosecuted for the State, and Johnson
was one of the jury. Omic was convicted and sentenced to be hung.
Johnson, who sat on the jury that condemned him, was now employed
to build the gallows to hang the criminal. When Omic was led
out ])y Sheriff Baldwin to execution, he remarked that the gallows
was too high. He then called for whisky and drank half a pint,
which loosened his tongue, and he talked rapidly and incoherently,
threatening to return in two days and wreak his revenge on all the
pale-faces. More liquor was given liim, and he asked for more, but
Judge Walworth denounced the giving him more, that he might die
drunk, as an outrage, and his supply of liquor was therefore stopped.

Mol

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28 CLtl'EL.iNI), PASi AXl) PKESEXT.

Time being- up, Sherill" Baldwin was about to cut the droproiie,
when lie sav\' that the condemnecl man had clutched tlie rope overliis
head to save his neck from being broken. The SherifT dismounted
from his horse, climbed up the gallows ami tied the prisoner's hands
more firmly behind his back. The gallows was braced, and Omic
contrived to clutch one of the braces with his hands, fastened behind
his back as they were, as he fell when the drop-rope was cut. He
hung in that position for some time, until his strength gave way an<l
he swung off. When he had hung sufficiently long, the by-standers
drew him to the cross-beam of the gallows, when the rope broke and
the body of the wretched murderer fell into his open grave beneath.

In the same year Mr. Johnson was palh-master of Cleveland, and
he retains in his possession the list of names of those who did work
on the roads in that year, armed with good and sufficient shovels
according to law.

Mr. Johnson's success as a sliix)-builder encouraged him to perse-
vere in that business. In the autumn of 1S15, he laid down the lines
of the schooner Neptune, sixty-five tons burden, not far below the
neighborhood of the Central market. In the following Spring she
was launched, and run on Lake Erie, her first trip being to Bulfalo,
whence she returned with a cargo of merchandise for Jonathan
Williamson, of Detroit. In the Fall of that year a half interest in
the Neptune was sold to Richard H. Blinn, Seth Doan, and Dr. Long.
In 1S17, she made a trip to Mackinac, for the American Fur Company,
and remained in that trade until the Fall of 1819.

In the Summer of ISIS, Major Edwards, Paymaster Smith, and
another army officer came to Mackinac on the Tiger, and engaged Mr.
Johnson to take them to Green Bay, agreeing to pay him three
hundred dollars for the trip. The same vessel, under Johnson's com-
mand, toc^k the first load of troops from Green Bay to Chicago, after
the massacre, ]^lajor Whistler engaging the ship for the purpose.

In 1S21, Johnson left the Neptune, and in company with Turhooven
& Brothers, built the steamer Enterprise, aljout two hundred and
twenty tons burden. This was the first steam vessel built in Cleve-
land, and her hull was made near the site of the Winslow warehouse.
The engine, of sixty to seventy horse power, was brought from Bitts-
burgh. Johnson ran her between Bufi'alo and Detroit until 1>2S,
when hard times coming on and business tlireatoning to be unprolit-
able, he sold his interest in her, and left the lakes. In company with
Goodman and Wilkeson, ho built tlie Commodore, on the Chiigrin
river, in the year 1S30, and that closed his ship-buiiding career.

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ITS REPRESENTATU'E MEN. 29

By tliis time lie had accumulated about thirty thousand dollars, a
respectaldc i'ortune in those days, with which he invested lar.uely in
real estate, and waited the course of events to make his investments
profitable.

In 1S31, he contracted with the Government officers to build the
lightdiousc on Water street. In 1S36, he built a light-house at San-
dusky. In the following year he constructed seven hundred feet of
the stone pier on the east side of the Cuyahoga river mouth. Tlie
first thing done in the latter work was the driving of spiles, ^fr.
Johnson became dissatisfied with the old system of driving spiles by
horse-power, and purchased a steam engine for four hundred dollars.
Making a large wooden wheel he rigged it after the style of the
present spile-drivers, and in the course of two or three weeks, had
the satisfaction of seeing the spiles driven with greatly increased
speed and cjlect by steam-power.

About ]S39, he took his new spile-driver to Maumee Bay and drove
about nine hundred feet of spiling around Turtle Island, filling the
enclosed space with earth to the height of tliree feet, to protect the
light-house. In 1S40, he built the Saginaw lightdiouse, sixty-five feet
high, with the adjoining dwelling. In 1812-3, he built the light-house
on the Western Sister Island, at the west end of Lake Erie. In IS47,
he completed his light-house work by building the Portage Eiver
light-house.

Besides his light-house building, Mr. Johnson erected in 1S42 his
stone residence on Water street, and in 1845, the Johnson House hotel
on Superior street. The stone for the former was brought from
Kingston, Canada West. In 1853, he built the Johnson Block, on
Bank street, and in 1858, he put up the Marine Block at the mouth of
the river. This completed his active work.

Since 1858, Mr. Johnson's sole occupation has been the care of hi-
property and occasional speculations in real estate. By a long lil'*'
of activity and prudence, and by the steady rise in real estate, he i-
now possessed of personal and landed property to the value of about
six hundred thousand dollars, having come to the city with no otlier
capital than his kit of tools, a strong arm, and an energetic pur])0?o.
Though eiglity-three years of age, his health is good, his memory
remarkably active, and all his faculties unimpaired. lie has two sons
and one daughter yet living, having lost two children. He has had
nine grand-children, and five great-grand-children.

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30 CLEVELAXD, PAST AXD J'KESEXT:

NOBLE H. MERWIN.

In classifying the early commercial men of Cleveland, tlie name of
Noble n. ]\rervrin is justly entitled to stand among the first on tlie
list. In fact he was the founder and father of her commerce, and a
man not only noble in name, but noble in character.

He was born in New Milford, Ct., in 1TS2, received a good common
school education, and married Minerva Buckingham, of that town.
Soon after the war of 1S12, he went to Georgia and there engaged in
mercantile pursuits, having established a store at Savannah and also
at Milledgeville. He came to Cleveland in 1S15. His family rejoined
him at Cleveland in February, 181G. In coming from Georgia they
crossed the Alleghanies, and were six weeks in accomplishing the
journey, having traveled all the way in wagons. The two elder
children were born at New Milford, the other four at Cleveland. The
oldest son, George B. Merwin, of Rockport, is now the only surviving
member of the family.

After the family arrived at Cleveland, Mr. Merwin engaged in
keeping a public house or tavern, as it was then designated, on the
corner of Superior street and Vineyard lane, and about the same
time established a warehouse at the foot of Superior street and com-
menced his career in the commerce of the lakes. He built the
schooner Minerva, which was the first vessel registered at Wash-
ington, from the District of Cuyahoga, under the U. S, Revenue Laws.
For many years Mr. Merwin, under contracts with the Government,
furnished the supplies required at the U. S. Garrisons on the western
frontiers, at Fort Gratiot, Mackinaw, Sault St. Marie, Green Bay and
Chicago, as well as the Hudson Bay Company at the Sault St. Marie.

In a commercial point of view his business became extensive for
those times, and he enjoyed the entire confidence of the Government
and of business men generally throughout the lake country. He suc-
ceeded in accumulating a handsome fortune, wliich consisted mostly
in vessel stocks and in lands. He owned a large breadth of lands,
extending from the south side of Superior street to the river, wliich.
since his time, has become exceedingly valuable.

But owing mainly to overwork in the various departments of his
increasing business, while he was yet in the noon of manhood, his

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health became seriously impaired, and with a view to recruit it he
sailed for the West Indies in 1820, and on the 3d day of November,
of that year, died of consumption, at the Island of St. Thomas, in the
47th year of his age. He was a gentleman of fine personal appear-
ance, measuring six feet and four inches in height, erect and well
proportioned. In a word, he was a man of heart, and of generous
impulses, lionest, frank and cordial. In the circle in which he moved,
he was the friend of evervbodv and evervbodv was his friend.

JOHN BLAIR.

The race of men who remember Cleveland in the day of its small
beginnings, is fast passing away. Of those who were residents of the
little village on the Cuyahoga fifty years ago, only about half a dozen
now live in the nourishing city that occupies its site and inherits its
name. One of these is John Blair, well known to all the Clevelandcrs
of ante-railroad days, but who is probably a mere name to a large
proportion of those who have crowded iuto the city of late years.
Mr. Blair is one of the few remaining links that connect the rude
village in the forest with the modern Forest City.

John Blair was born in Maryland on the ISth of December, 1793.
His early years were spent in farming, but at the age of twenty-throe
he dropped the hoe and turned his back to the plow, resolving to
come west and seek his fortune. From the time that he shook from
his feet the dirt of the Maryland farm, he says, he has never done a
whole day's work, at one time, at manual labor.

In 1S19, he reached Cleveland, then an insignificant village of about
a hundred and fifty inhabitants, who dwelt mostly in log houses,
grouped at the foot of Superior street. At the corner of Water street
and what is now Union lane, stood the pioneer hotel of Cleveland,
the tavern of Major Carter, where good accommodations for man and
beast were always to be found. The young Maryland adventurer was
not overburdened with wealth when he landed in his future home,
his entire cash capital being three dollars. But it was no discredit
in those d:iys to be poor, and tlirce dollars was a line cajntal to start

#■

32 CLEf^ELAND, PAST A.VD PRESKXT:

business upon. In fact sonic of the then "old settlers," would have
been glad to possess so much capital in ready money as a reserve
fund.

But even in those days of primitive simijlicity, three dollars would
not support a man for any great length of time if there were no other
sources of supply. Mr. Blair recognized the fact that no time must
be wasted, and at once turned his attention to a chance for specula-
ticn. An opportunity immediately oifered itself. An old (Quaker,
with speculation in his eye, entered Cleveland with two hundred and
fifty fat hogs, expecting to find a good market. In this he was mis-
taken, and as hogs on foot were expensive to hold over for a better
market, he determined to convert them into salt pork. ]\lr. Blair
ofFered to turn x>ork-i)acker for a proper consideration ; the oiler was
accepted, and this was Mr. Blair^s first step in business.

Pork-packing, as a steady business, oU'ered but little inducement,
so Mr. Blair decided on establishing himself on the river as produce
dealer and commission merchant. The capital required Avas small,
and the work not exhaustive, for the facilities for shipping were slight
Jind the amount to be shipped small ; warehouses were of the most
modest dimensions, and docks existed only in. imagination. AVhen
the shipping merchant had a consignment to put on board one of the
diminutive vessels that at intervals found their way into the port, the
stufi" was put on a flat boat and poled or rowed to the vessel's side.
Business was conducted in a very leisurely manner, there being no
occasion for hurry, and everybody concerned being willing to make
the most of what little business there was. The slow moving Penn-
sylvania Dutch who had ibrmed settlements in northeastern Ohio,
and drove their wide wheeled wagons along the sometimes seemingly
bottomless roads to Cleveland, plowed through the mud on ihe
river bank in search of ''de John Blair vat kips de white fishes,'' and
after much chaffer, unloaded the flour and wheat from their wagons,
and loaded up with fish and salt, sometimes giving three barrels of
flour for one barrel of salt.

In 1S27, the Ohio Canal was partially opened to Cleveland, and a
revolution in trade was effected. The interior of the State was soon
brought into communication with the enterprising merchants on
Lake Erie and the Ohio river. Mr. Blair was prompt to avail himself
of the opportunity to increase his trade. lie built the first canal boat
constructed in Cleveland, and launched her in 1S2S, near the site of
the present Stone ]\Iill, amid the plaudits of all the people of tlie
Tillage, who had turned out to witness tiie launching. As soon as

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ITS REPRESRNTATll'E MEX. 33

the craft settled herself proudly on the bosom of the canal, Mr. Blair
invited the spectators of the launch to come on board, and, with a
good team of horses for motive power, the party vvere treated to an
excursion as far as Ei£;;ht Mile Lock and return, the whole day beinu-
consumed in the journey. Subsequently ]Mr, Blair became interested,
with others, in a line of twelve boats, employing nearly one hundred
horses to work them.

From this time Cleveland continued to grow and prosper. The
products of the interior were brought in a steadily increasing stream
to (.Ueveland by the canal, and shipped to Detroit, then the great mart
of the western lakes. A strong tide of emigration had set towards
Northern Michigan, and those seeking homes there had to be fed
mainly by Ohio produce, for whicli Michigan fish and furs were given
in exchange. But the opening of the Erie Canal placed a new marker
within reach, and Mr. Blair was among the iirst to take Ohio tlour to
New York, selling it there at fourteen dollars the barrel.

In 1845, Mr. Blair, then in the prime of his vigor, being but fifty-
two years old, resolved to quit a business in which he had been
uniformly successful; and spend the remainder of his life in enjoying
what he had acquired by diligence and enterprise. He was then the
oldest merchant in the city, having been in business over a quarter
of a century. For the past twenty-four years he has taken life easy,
which he has been able to do from the sensible step he adopted of
quitting active business before it wore him out. At the age of seven-
ty-five he is still hale, hearty and vigorous, looking younger than his
actual years, and possessing that great desideratum, a sound mind in
a sound body.

PHILO SCOVILL.

Familiar as is the name of Philo Scovill, but few of our citizens
are aware that he was one of Cleveland's earliest merchants. It
appears that circumstances, not altogether tlie choice of Mr. Scovill,
induced him to come to Cleveland with a stock of drugs and
groceries. His father was a millwright, and had brought up his son
to the use of tools. He had no taste for his new calling, and so

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34 CLEVELAND, PAST AND F RES EXT:

worked out of the store-keeping as speedily as possible, and com-
menced the erection of dwellings and stores in the then new country,
being only second in the trade here to Levi Johnson, He continued
in the building business until 1820, when he erected the Franklin
House, on Superior street, on the next lot but one to the site of the
Johnson House. Mr. Scovill at once became the landlord, and con-
tinued as such for twenty-three years, exceijting an interval of a five
years' lease.

About 1849, he left the hotel business to attend to his real estate
interests. He was successful in his hotel business; and from time to
time invested his surplus capital in lands adjacent to the city, which,
within the last few years have become exceedingly valuable. Streets
have been laid out upon his property, and inducements offered to
settlers that insured a ready sale, and materinlly aided the growth of
the city.

Mr. Scovill, as a man, has enjoyed the confidence of his fellow
citizens to an unusual degree. He was hardworking, resolute, and
exactly fitted by nature for the pioneer life of his choice, a life that,
though toilsome, has left him still hale and vigorous, with the excep-
tion of the fruits of overwork, and perhaps exposure, in the form of
rheumatism.

Mr. Scovill was born in Salisbury, Ct, November 30, 1791, He
lived at that place until he was nine years of age, when his father
moved to Cornwall, in the same county; thence to Shenango county,
and from thence to Seneca county, N, Y. Here he lived on the banks
of Seneca Lake nine years. After that he lived in Buffalo one year,
from which point he came to Cleveland, as before stated.

Mr. Scovill was married February 16, 1819, to Miss Jemima Beebe,
Mrs. S. is r.till living and enjoying excellent health.

MELANCTHON BARNETT

He who has had occasion to traverse Bank street many times, or to
pass along Superior at the head of Bank, must have become familiar
with the figure of a hale old gentleman, to be seen frequently on
sunny days, standing on the steps of the Merchants Bank, or passing

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along Bank street between the bank and his residence, beyond Lai e
street. His cdothes are not of sliowy material or fashioiiuble .ut oi.e
hand is generally employed in holding a clay pipe, Irom wl.hl, h.-
draws comfort and inspiration, and which rarely leaves his lips when
on the street, except to utter some bit of dry humor, in w|,i,|, 1,^.
especially delights. That is Melanctlion Barnctt, one oV the -oldest
inhabitants" of the Forest City, and whose well known figure ami
quaint jokes will be missed by his many friends out of doors^, as wiJl
his wise counsels within the bank parlor, when death Khali at leiM-th
summon him to leave liis wonted haunts. l.!B3c?0598 '^

^ Mr. Barnett was born in Amenia, Dutchess comvtyT^e w Tork, in
1789. At six years old he w^as taken with the remainder of the laniijy
to Oneida county, where he remained until 1812, when he removed
to New Hartford, near Utica, and remained two years as clerk in a
store. From that place he went to Cherry Valiey, Otsego oounty,
where he went as partner in the mercantile business, and continued
there until 1825. In that year Mr. May came west to Cleveland for
the purpose of opening a store, and Mr. Barnett came with him as
clerk. In course of time he was advanced to the position of partner,
and continued in business until 1831, when May and Barnett wound
up their affairs as merchants, and became speculators in land. Their
real estate business was carried on successfully for many year.--, the
steady growth of the town making their investments prolitable.

In 1813, Mr. Barnett was elected Treasurer of Cuyahoga county,
and proved himself one of the most capable and scrupulously honest
officers the county has ever had. He held the position six years, and
the business not occupying his entire time, he also filled the otHce of
Justice of the Peace, continuing his real estate transactions at the
same time.

At the close of his career as a public officer he was elected Director
of the City Bank, with which he has remained to the present time,
rarely, if ever, being absent during the business hours of the bank.

Mr. Barnett was married May 15, 1815, to Miss Mary Clark, at
Cherry Valley. Mrs. Barnett died April 21, 1840, in Cleveland, having
borne five children. Only two of these yet live, the oldest, Augustus,
being in the leather business at Watertown, Wisconsin, and the
younger, James, in the hardware business in Cleveland. The latter is
well known for his brilliant services at the head of the Ohio Artillery
during the war, in Western Virginia and Tennessee, and no name is
cherished with greater pride in Cleveland than that of General
James Barnett.

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Sfi CI.EI'ELAXn, i'AST A\'D I'KE.SEXT:

JOEL SCRANTON.

Joel Scranton, whose name is associated witli mncli of the history
of Cleveland, during the period when it grew from a small village lo
a city well on the way to permanent prosijerity, w^as born in Belcher-
town, Mass., April 5, 1792. Whilst yet a child his parents removed
with him to Otsego county, N. Y., where a considerable portion of
his early life was spent. About the year 1S20 he removed to Cleve-
land, where he engaged in business and remained until his death, of
apoplexy, on the 9th of April, 1S5S, having just completed his sixty-
sixth year.

In the later years of the village of Qleveland and the early days
of the city, Mr. Scranton's leather and dry goods store, at the corner
of Superior and Water streets, was a well known business landmark.
In the prosecution of his business he succeeded in saving a com-
fortable competence, which was increased by his judicious invest-
ments in real estate. These last have, by the rapid growth of the
city, and increase in value since his death, become highly valuable
property.

Mr. Scranton was industrious, economical, and judicious in business
transactions; of strong mind and well balanced judgment; a kind
parent and a tirm friend.

ORLANDO CUTTER

Orlando Cutter first beheld the harbor and city of Cleveland on
the 30th of June, ISIS, having spent nine dismal days on the schooner
Ben Franklin, in the passage from Black Rock. He was landed in a
yawl, at the mouth of the river, near a bluff that stood where the
Toledo Railroad Machine Shops have since been built, about seventy-
five rods west of the present entrance to the harbor. In those days

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ITS REPRESEXTATU'E MEX. 37

the river entrance was of a very unreliable character, being some-
times entirely blocked up with sand, so that people walked across.
It was no uncommon thing for i)eox)le to ride over, or jump the outlet
with the help of a pole.

Mr. Cutter walked along the beach and on the old road to Water
street, and thence in a broiling sun to the frame tavern of Noble H.
Merwin, on Vineyard lane, near Superior street. Here he wns tirst
introduced to Philo Scovill, a robust young carpenter, who was hew-
ing timber for Merwin's new brick tavern, afterwards called the
Mansion House.

Mr. Cutter had experienced what our city boys would regard as a
rough beginning in life. At sixteen he went into a store at Royalton,
Massachusetts, at a salary of four dollars a month and board; and at
the end of a year had saved one dollar and a half. His pay being
increased to one hundred dollars for the next year, he ventured upon
the luxury of a pair of boots. In September, 1S15, having proven his
mettle as an active, capable and honest young man, he was translated
to a large jobbing house, on Cornhill, Boston, the salary being board
and clothing. Having been born at Jeffrey, New Hampshire, June 5,
1797, at the end of three years apprenticeship in the Boston establish-
ment, he arrived at the age of twenty-one, and became his own
master. The firm oflered him a credit for dry goods to the amount of
$10,000, with which to go west and seek his fortune, but before ac-
cepting the offer he concluded to go and see if he could find a suitable
place for trade, but as he had no money, it was necessary to borrow
^00 for the expenses of the trip. With a pair of well filled saddle-
bags as an outfit, he started, and in due time arrived at Black Rock,
and from thence proceeded, as above narrated, to Cleveland, on a
tour of examination.

Cleveland had then about two hundred inhabitants, andfoui stores.
Water street was cleared out sufficiently for the purposes of travel to
the lake. It was also prepared for a race course — for which purpose
it was used for a number of years.

Twenty or thirty German teams from Pennsylvania, Stark, Wayne
and other counties, laden with tlour, each team having from four to
six horses, encamped in Superior street at night, and gave Cleveland
such a business appearance that Mr. Cutter took a fancy to it.

After two weeks, Mr. Cutter set sail in the schooner Wasp for
Sandusky, where there was a natural harbor, and from thence in the
Fire Fly, for Detroit. But his thoughts reverted to Cleveland, and
forming a partnership with Messrs. Mack & Conant, of Detroit, the

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38 CLEVELAXD, FAST AXD PRESENT:

firm purchased twenty thousand dollars worth of dry goods, groce-
ries, and a general assortment for an extensive establishment here.

In February, 1S20, he married Miss Phelps, of Tainesville, Ohio,
who died in 1S29, two of whose children are now living. His com-
petitors in business were Nathan Perry, J. R. & I. Kelly, S. S. Dudley
and Dr. David Long. It was only about a year after he opened in
Cleveland when Mack & Conant failed, throwing the Cleveland pur-
chase entirely upon him. After ten years of hard work, and close
application, he paid oft' the whole, but at the close it left him only
five hundred dollars in old goods. Ohio currency was not exactly
monev' in those days. It was at a discount of twenty-five to thirty
per cent, for eastern funds. There was, moreover, little of it, and
there were stay laws, and the appraisal of personal, as well as real
estate, under execution, rendering collections almost impossible. To
illustrate: a man in Middleburg, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, owed Mr.
Cutter seventy-five dollars. He went to attend the constable's sale,
and found among the effects a dog appraised at ten dollars ; rails ten
cents each, and a w^atch worth five dollars valued at twenty dollars,
so he left the place in disgust and hurried home, through the woods,
in no placid frame of mind. Of four new shoes put on his horse that
morning, three had been torn oft" by the mud, roots, and corduroy
between Cleveland and Middleburg.

After closing up the old business, he posted books or turned his
hand to whatever employment presented itself Inactivity and
despondency formed no part of his character. About 1S27, there was
a temporary business connection between himself and Thos. M. Kelly,
after which he started again alone, adding the auction and commis-
sion business to that of a merchant.

Mr, Cutter, in November, 1S32, w^as married to Miss Hilliard, sister
of the late Richard Hilliard. Of this marriage there are seven child-
ren now living, most of them settled in the city. William L. is
cashier of the Merchants National Bank; Edwin succeeded his father
two years since at the old auction store in Bank street, and R. H. is
the principal partner of Cutter ifc Co., upholsterers.

Going east in the Fall of 1821, 'Mr. Cutter, on his return, preferred
the staunch steamer Walk-in-the-Water, to the Wasps, Fire Flies and
Franklins, on board of which he had experienced so many butletings.
George Williams and John S. Strong were also of the same mind.
These three old settlers, and about seventy others, went on board at
Black Rock, in the afternoon. Eight yoke of oxen were required to
assist the engines in getting her over the rapids into the open lake.

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In the night a furious gale arose, Capt. Rogers put back, l>ut not
being able to get into Bullalo Creek, came to anchor near its mouth.
Being awfully sea sick, Mr. Cutter lay below, little caring where the
Walk-in-the-Water went to. Her anchor, however, parted before
morning, and she went ashore sidewise, on an easy sand beach, with-
out loss of life.

This year completes his semi-centennial as a citizen of Cleveland,
yet he is still hale and vigorous. He has gone through revulsions,
and has enjoyed prosperity with equal equanimity, never indulging
in idleness or ease, and has now come to a ripe old age possessed of
an ample competence.

PETER MARTIN WEDDELL.

One of the most noted historical and topographical landmarks of
Cleveland is the AVeddell House. Its builder was one of the most
valuable citizens of the Forest City.

Mr. P. M. Yv^eddell was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania,
in 1788. His father died before his birth, and his mother, marrying
again, removed to Paris, Bourbon county, Kentucky, the State at that
time deserving its sobriquet of the " dark and bloody ground," as the
contest with the native savages was carried on with relentless fury
on both sides. Under such circumstances it may well be supposed
that he grew up with few educational or other advantages, and that
his youth was one of vicissitudes and hardships.

At the age of fourteen he applied at a store for employment, what
surplus clothing and effects he then possessed being carelessly tlung
over his shoulders. He promised to do any work they were pleased
to set him at, and he thought he could satisfy them. This broad
pledge was so well kept that at the age of nineteen he was made a
partner. This partnership was soon closed by the death of the old
member..

Young Weddell, with a vigorous body, good habits, a clear judg-
ment, and some money, removed to Newark, Ohio, during the war of
1812. While he was successfully trading there, Miss Sophia Perry, of
Cleveland, was sent to her friends at Newark for greater safety, and

i'iflvr •(

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iv

40 CLE TELA XD, PASf AX I) PRESEST:

to acquire an education. She was but little past fifteen when she
consented to be Mrs. Weddell, nnd they were married in November,
1815.

In 1820, Mr. Weddell removed from Newark to Cleveland and
established himself in business on Superior street, takini,' a stand at
once among the leading merchants of the place, a position he retained
as long as he continued in business.

In 1823, Mrs. Weddell died, leaving three children, of whom H. P.
Weddell is the only survivor. A portrait of her, by Feale, still
remains in the family house, wdiich confirms the remembrances of her
friends that she possessed many charms both of person and of dispo-
sition. In the following year Mr. Weddell married Mrs. Eliza A. Bell,
of Newark, who is still living, and whom every old citizen of Cleve-
land well knows and sincerely respects.

In 1825, he formed a partnership with Mr. Edmund Clade, from
Bulfalo, and retired from active participation in business. In 1828,
the partnership was dissolved. Three years afterwards he took into
partnership with him his two clerks, Greenup C. Woods, his half
brother, and Dudley Baldwin, the firm name being P. -M. Weddell &
Co. The firm lasted but four years, when Mr. Woods established
himself in Newark, and Messrs. Weddell and Baldvrin continued the
business together until 1845.

When Mr. Weddell commenced his mercantile life it was no child's
play. At that time there were no canals or railroads to facilitate
commerce — scarcely were there any roads at all — specie was the
only currency west of the mountains, and that had to be carried
across the mountains from Pittsburg on the backs of mules, and the
merchandise returned in the same way. Long after, when traveling
over the Alleghanies with a friend, Mr. Weddell frequently pointed
to places on the road which he remembered, and of which he related
interesting anecdotes. Several merchants would travel together and
sometimes they would have guards, as the lonely uninhabited moun-
tains were not altogether safe even in those days.

In 1823, Mr. Weddell built what was regarded as a princely brick
residence and store on the corner of Sui)erior and Bank streets, after-
w^ards the site of the Weddell House. His surplus funds were in-
vested in real estate, which soon began to increase in value at an
astonishing rate, as the city grew in population and importance. On
one of his lots upon Euclid street he built the stone cottage which
he designed as a country retreat, and after his taking his clerks into
partnership, he left the store mainly to their management, devoting

erfi 8«w sioofjfi — Ha iix -heo'j yaii

ITS REPRESENTATIl'R MEN. 41

his attention to the purchase and improvement of real estate, bein^-
generally reirarded as a gentleman of wealth.

In tlie Spring of 1S45 he began work upon the Weddell House,
tearing away the store and mansion, where his fortune had been
made. It was linished in two years. He then made a journey to New
York to purchase furniture. On the way home he was attacked by
typhoid fever, and in three weeks was in his grave.

As a merchant, JMr. Weddell had few superiors. His urbanity, in-
dustry, and care made him popular, successful, and safe, while his
integrity and his liberality were well known to his correspondents
and to all the religious and benevolent institutions of the times.

He was always willing and ready to aid and assist his young men:
when he found one correct and capable he never refused a helping-
hand. Very few of his day were so liberal in this respect, or could
point to so many who became prominent merchants by their aid as
could Mr. Weddell.

At his death, Mr. AVeddell was a man of such personal energy and
business capacity, that he had promise of iwenty more years of active
life. Soon after the lie v. S. C. Aiken became pastor of the old Stone
Church, Mr. Weddell became a communicant, and he died in the
Christian faith. He bequeathed to the American Board of Foreign
Missions the sum of five thousand dollars ; to the Home Missionai-y
Society live thousand dollars, and several other bequests amounting
to some thousands to other benevolent institutions.

DUDLEY BALDWIN

III 1S19, Dudley Baldwin came to Cleveland from Ballston, New
York, having as his principal capital a fair common school education.
In course of time he found employment in the mercantile store of
Mr. Weddell, and became one of his trusted clerks, being, after a few
years, taken into partnership. The death of Mr. Weddell in 1S47,
terminated a connection that had existed pleasantly for over twenty
years.

For the next few years Mr. Baldwin was chiefly engaged in closing

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42 CLEl'ELAND, PAST JXD P RES EXT:

up the affairs of Mr. Weddell, afier which he engaged for a time in
the manufacture of agricultural implements, until, irom ill heath, he
was compelled to relinquish business and seek restoration of healtli
by travel and in quiet retirement,

Mr. Baldwin was identified with the Cleveland and Mahoning Rail-
road from its inception, and during the darkest days of tlie undertak-
ing he stood firmly by it, in connection with the other directors, never
losing faith in its ultimate success — a success he has lived to see
perfected. He has also, for a number of years, been a director of the
Commercial Bank of Cleveland.

In religious principles Mr. Baldwin is a Presbyterian, and has long
been connected with the Euclid street Presbyterian Church. He is
known to all his acquaintances as a man of quiet unassuming man-
ners, and of sterling worth.

NORMAN C.BALDWIN

Very many of those who settled on the Western Reserve, in the
early days of its history, cmie from Connecticut, and the fact of so
many Connecticut families being already here induced considerable
emigration from that State long alter the first rush was over. Among
others of Connecticut birth Avho found their way eventually to Cleve-
land, was Norman C. Baldwin, born at Litchfield, July 29th, 1S02, and
spending his early years in the struggles which so many of the New
England families of limited resources had to pass through in the early
portion of the present century.

Whilst yet but a mere child he assisted his father in the work of
the farm, but being left fatherless at the age of eight, he was sent
two years afterwards to work in his cousin'^s store, where he remained
four years. In his fourteenth year he left Litchfield for New Haven,
where he found employment for a year with a provision packer.

At that time his mother joined the stream of emigration setting
towards the Ohio, and with her came her children. Stopping at
Hudson, Summit county, young Baldwin commenced trading on his
own account, and built up a good business, which he managed alone

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for eighteen months and then formed a partnership with two of his
brothers, the partnership lasting eight years. Then the firm was
dissolved and Norman C. came to Cleveland, where he formed a part-
nership with Noble 11. Merwin in the general produce business.

In 1S30, the firm of Giddings, Baldwin tt Co., which had succeeded
that of Merwin <S: Baldwin, contained seven partners, of whom Mr.
Baldwin is the only survivor. The business was mainly forwarding
and commission, the forwarding being mostly by canal. The lirm
was one of the most important on the lakes, owning a line of boats,
the Troy and Erie, from Portsmouth, on the Ohio river, to New York
In those days the canal lines carried passengers as well as freight,
the boats usually taking about thirty passengers and one thousand
bushels of wheat. For emigrants, of whom many were pouring into
the "West, special boats were fitted up with accommodations, such as
they were, for about a hundred and fifty passengers. In 1S3G, ]Mr.
Baldwin left the mercantile business altogether, and thereafter de-
voted his attention to operations in real estate.

As illustrating the growth of the city and the consequent increasing,
value of ci^ty property, Mr. Baldvdn relates having purchased in 1833
three parcels of land, neither of which cost over two thousand dollars,
w^hich are now estimated to be worth half a million of dollars each.
In 1S31, he was ofiered, in the course of his operations, a strip of land
fronting on Superior street and running back to the canal, with a
comfortable frame house thereon, for one thousand dollars. The price
looked high and Mr. Baldwin, distrusting his own judgment, consulted
'Squire Cowles, then a prominent attorney. Mr. Cowles hesitated,
thought the investment somewhat risky, although they might live to
see the land worth thirty dollars a foot front. Heeding his own fears,
which were not abated by the doubtful opinion of his adviser, Mr.
Baldwin refused to purcliase. That same land is worth now not
merely thirty dollars a foot, but equivalent to three or four thousand
dollars a foot front.

As showing the condition of the roads around Cleveland, and the
mode of traveling in the early days of its history, it is narrated by
Mr., Baldwin, that when living in Hudson he was fond of good horses
and kept a team of which he was proud. The distance between
Hudson and Cleveland was but twenty-four miles, but that distance
had never been done in one day by any team. Mr. Baldvv'in thought
the time had come for performing the feat, and accordingly set out
on the journey. Just at tea time he drew rein in front of Merwin's
tavern, at the corner of Superior street and Vineyard lane, and shouted

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44 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

to the landlord. The guests had just seated themselves to tea when
Mr, Merwin rushed into the room in a state of great excitement,
exclaiming, "For God's sake, gentlemen, come out and see a team
that has been driven from Iludson to-day !" The guests left the table
in a hurry and rushed to the door, scarcely crediting their own eyes.

Mr. Baldwin was married in 1S2!), and lost his wife in the Spring of
1867. Of this marriage there are now six children living and three
dead. One son, Norman A., is engaged in agriculture in the neigh-
borhood of the citv.

LEVERETT ALCOTT.

Leverett Alcott was born in Walcott, New Haven county, Connec-
ticut, in 1820. From early boyhood his taste was for /nercantile
pursuits. At the age of seventeen he obtained a position in an
extensive country store at Bristol Basin, on the Farmington Canal,
(now Plainville.) By diligence and perseverance, he was soon pro-
moted from the duties of errand boy to a responsible position, and in
course of time stood at the head of all the clerks in the establishment.

For the benefit of neophytes in commercial life, it may not be
uninteresting to state how boys were made merchants in those days,
and the remuneration they received for services. They were not (as
is too often the case at the present time) transformed in a few months
from crude green boys to merchants, but were obliged to learn the
business by actual experience. An arrangement was made in this
case for three years, on the following conditions : lifty dollars for the
first year, seventy-five dollars for the second year, and one hundred
dollars for the tliird and last year, with board in his employer's tamily.
With this modest salary it required the utmost care and rigid
economy to clothe and keep h.imself; but where there's a will there's
a way, and the economy thus practiced in early life was no detriment
in laying'j the foundation for a sound business career in after life.
After having fulfilled his engagement with his employer, he spent
some three years of mercantile life at the South, but the customs of
the country, and the barbarous system of slavery were so repulsive
to his feelings that he abandoned that lield for the more congenial

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and prospectively profitable activities of the West, and in December,
1842, landed at Medina, in this State. In the Spring- of 1845, a mer-
cantile copartnersliip was formed with Mr. Augus;tus W. North, under
tiie firm name of North & xVlcott. During the subsequent Fall lie
married Miss Mary A. AVilliams, with the view of permanently set-
tling at that place, but the mercantile prospects, and the grov/th of
the town not appearing satisfactory to his views, the firm of North cV:
Alcott was dissolved and the business discontinued, to be recon-
structed and opened in a wider field and on a broader basis. Accord-
ingly, in the Spring of 1849, (just twenty years ago,) a. business
arrangement was entered into with his present partner, Mr. Barrett
W. Horton, a former school mate, under the firm name of Alcott <fe
Horton. The business was to be the retailing of dry goods, and
located at 177 Superior street, in Harrington's Block. The beginning
was a moderate one, with a very limited capital, but what was lacking
in capital was made up in energy, industry and perseverance. At
first a retail trade only was contemplated, which was continued some
four years, when the rapid growth of the city and increase of business
induced them to open a wholesale department in the lofts of their
store. Subsequently they closed their retail business and occupied
the whole building for their jobbing trade; but their apartments were
soon found to be too strait for their rapidly growing trade, and in
August, 1855, they removed to the large new store. No. 141, in Clark's
Block.

Mr. Alcott has a knowledge of human nature that imparts a keen
perception of the character and motives of men, and hence, almost
instinctively knows whom to trust. He is also quick in forming his
judgment, ready in the adaptation of means to secure an end, vigor-
ously prosecutes his plans, and seldom fails of a successful issue.

In a young and vigorous country like the United States, where so
many opportunities are offered to ambition and laudable enterprise,
and where too often, everything else but gold is lost sight of, it is
refreshing to find some among our heaviest merchants, who recog-
nize the fact, that man "cannot live by bread alone." Mr. Alcott,
through all his active life has found time to attend to his religious
duties. He has been for a long time connected with the Second
Presbyterian Church, and for many years one of its elders. He was
formerly President of the Young Men's Christian Association ; actively
engaged in missionary Sunday School work in the city— taking a
lively interest in all Christian labor; a ready and willing giver toward
public improvements, and all benevolent enterprises.

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46 CLEVELAND, P.IST A X D I'RF.SEXT:

RICHARD WINSLOW.

On the evening of Sunday, August 9th, 1857, died, at nearly the
ripe age of eighty-eight, Eicliard Winslow, the fatlier of the Winslow
family that have filled so important a place in tlie commercial and
shipping history of Cleveland.

Mr. Winslow was born in Falmouth, Maine, September 6th, 1769,
being descended in a direct line from Knelm Winslow, brother of
Governor Edward Winslow, who played so important a part in the
early history of Plymouth colony. In 1812, Mr. Winslow removed to
North Carolina, where he lived for fourteen years, at Ocracoke, be-
coming largely interested in commerce, both internal and marine.
Soon after his removal to that State, he married Miss Mary Nash
Grandy, of Camden, N. C, who became the mother of eleven children,
of whom but four, N. C.,.H. J., K K., and Edward are now alive. Mrs.
Winslow died October, 1858, having survived her husband a little over
one year.

In 1830, he decided to leave North Carolina and try his fortune in
the West. A preliminary tour of observation brought him to Cleve-
land, then lively with business, and more livelj^ still with expectancy
of business to come from the completion of the canal, then in partial
operation. Like many who preceded, and more who followed him,
Mr. Winslow was struck with the natural advantages of Cleveland
and concluded to try his fortunes here. The site of what is now
known as the ''Winslow warehouse," on the river, was owned by C.
M. Giddings and Captain Belden, and a building was then in course of
erection on it. Mr. Winslow purchased the property. He had strong
faith in the growth of the city, but others did not have it to the same
extent, and he was strongly urged not to attempt business so far
down the river, where it was impossible that trade would ever reach
him.

Immediately on concluding his purchase, he went to the eastern
cities, where he purchased a large stock of teas and groceries, which
he sent with his sou, N. C, to Cleveland in the Fall. The stock
arrived in December and was at once opened on Superior street,
opposite Union lane. In the following May, ]\[r. Winslow followed
with his family, purchased a lot on the south-east corner of the Public

lO

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1..

ITS REPRESEXTATIVE MEX. 47

Square, and contracted with Levi Johnson for the erection of the
house that was occupied by the Winslow family until the death of
Mr, \Vinslow.

Unlike most of the early settlers in Cleveland, Mr. Winslow came
with capital to invest at once in business, and by i)rudent manage-
ment and far-seeing enterprise that capital rapidly increased. He
soon became agent for a line of vessels between Buffalo and Cleve-
land, and also of a line of canal boats. The first step toward his own
shijjping interests here, which subsequently assumed such proportions,
was commenced by building the brig North Carolina. A few years
later he was interested in building the steamer Bunker Hill, of 456
tons, which at that time was considered a very large size. To these
were added, by himself and his sons, so many other lake craft that
the family ranked among the foremost, if not the very foremost ship-
owners on the chain of lakes, their sail vessels, propellers and steam-
tugs being found everywhere on the western lake waters.

In 1S54, Mr. "Winslow retired from business, leaving his interest to
be carried on by his sons, who inherited their father's business quali-
ties. In his retirement, as in his active business life, he enjoyed the
friendship of a very large social circle, to whom his frank, generous
manners, warm attachments, and spotless honor commended him.
He was a favorable specimen of the old school gentleman, warm and
impulsive in his nature, quick to conceive and prompt to act, cordial
in his greeting, strong in his attachments, and courteous to all.

His death was accelerated by an accident which seriously injured
a leg he had badly injured several years before. To the last he pre-
served his faculties and his cheerfulness, and but for the injuries he
had received would probably have lived for many years longer.

He was no politician, never sought office, but at the same time
took a keen interest in public affairs, and did not neglect his duties
or privileges as a citizen.

The three brothers in active conduct of the large marine interests
known as the Winslows', are distributed as follows: N. C. at Buffalo,
H. J. at New York, and R. K. at Cleveland, all of whom have been
eminentlv successful.

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48 CLErELAXD, PAST A.VD PRESEXT:

RICHARD BILLIARD.

Amongst Cleveland's earliest merchants who have already passed
away, none deserve more honorable mention than Richard Hilliard.
Like nearly all our men of mark, in early life he was obliged to sail
against wind and tide. He was born at Chatham, New York, July 3,
1797. His father, David Hilliard, died when Eichard was li years of
age, he being at the time serving an apprenticeship with a hatter
named Dore, at Albany. He was a lad of superior organization, and
so, although obedient and obliging, had an extreme distaste for
drudgery. A son of Mr. Dore one day threw down a pair of boots,
saying, "Clean those boots Dick,'- when the lad concluded he would
not do it, and at once prepared to leave for parts unknown. None of
his friends knew of his whereabouts for several months, but at length
learned he was at Skaneateles, with an older brother. Here he
remained until he was about IS years of age, being employed at
clerking and school teaching, and ever mindful of his widowed mother
and fatherless sisters.

From Skaneateles he removed to Black Rock and engaged himself
as clerk to Mr. John Daly, a general merchant at that place. The
young man soon gained the confidence of his employer and was
admitted as a partner without capital. After a year or two, the firm
moved to Cleveland, as a place of greater promise for trade. This
occurred in 1824. They at once commenced business in the same
line here on the site of the present Atwater Block, in a frame build-
ing of two compartments, one of which was used for dry goods, and
the other for groceries. Mr. Daly was not an active partner in the
business here, having given the entire management to Mr. Hilliard.

In 1S27, Mr. Hilliard purchased Mr. Daly's entire interest, and con-
tinued alone for several years, till at length the demands of trade
making it desirable to have a resident partner in New York to make
purchases, he associated with himself Mr. William Hays, of that city.
This partnership existed till the close of ]Mr. Hilliard's life.

As soon as business prospects warranted tlie investment, ^Ir.
Hilliard secured a lot on Water street, and erected the block now
occupied by Raymond vfc Lowe, and on taking possession of the nevr
place of business, commenced the wholesale branch, and continued

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 49

tlio sarao until 1S5G, when, being on his way home from New York, ho
look a severe cold, which was soon followed by congestion, and after
one week's illness, died, deeply regretted by all who knew him.

He was a man of great business ability, and of strict integrity.
He was not always appreciated, because his accurate foresight led
him to advocate projects which the public generally were not ready
to adopt. He labored most indefatigably for the construction of our
Water V/orks, because he saw what the future wants of the city
would be. The scheme was strongly opposed by many on account of
the debt it would involve. But it was finally accomplished, and we
are more indebted to Richard Hilliard for its achievement than to
any other man

Shortly after coming to Cleveland he became engaged to ]Miss
Mary Merwin, daughter of Noble H. Merwin, who died before the
marriage. He then brought his sister Sarah A. (now Mrs. O. Cutter)
to live with him. In about a year from this time he was married to
Miss Catharine Hays, of New York, who died about four years before
Mr. Hilliard, leaving seven children.

S. H. SHELDON.

The lumber trade has grown to be a very important branch of tiie
commerce of Cleveland, and some of its best and most enterprising
citizens have been, or are now, engaged in it. Among these tlie
name of Mr. Sheldon holds honorable prominence as one of the
earliest in the trade, and who has always held place among the
foremost engaged in it.

Mr. Sheldon's birth place was in Clinton, Oneida county, N. Y'.,
where he was born August 12th, 1S13. His early days were not
passed among thornless roses. His father, a hard working farmer,
died when the future lumber merchant was but eight years old.
Y'oung Sheldon remained on the homestead until he was sixteen
years old, working hard, as did the others of the fatherless family,
and snatching such crumbs of knowledge as could be obtained in the
winter days, when time could be spared for schooling. On nearly
reaching his sixteenth year, he went to Troy, N. Y"., where he was

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50 CLEJ'ELAXl), PAST AND PRESENT:

received as an apprentice to the drug business, and served seven
years in that capacity. As soon as his term of apprenticeship expired
he set his face westward in searcli of fortune, as so many hundreds
had done before liira, and hundreds of thousands have done since.

In the year 1S35, jie reached Cleveland and at once started in trade
as a druggist on Detroit Street, then in Ohio City, but now the West
Side of Cleveland. At that time tlie West, generally, was enjoying
seeming prosperit}^; everything was inllated and everyone was grow-
ing rich, on paper. Ohio City was tlien the city of the future, and
fortune smiled on all its residents, and particularly on those who held
real estate within its borders.

Four years later the commercial earthquake came and toppled
over tlie whole fabric of trade and commerce in the West, reducing it
to ruins. The entire West was devastated, and Ohio City received a
blow from which, as a separate municipality, it never recovered.
Among the others who sufl'ered greatly by the disaster was Mr.
Sheldon.

In 1S42, he sold out his drug business, and went into the employ of
another firm as an accountant, continuing in that position about two
years. From this he went into business on his own account once
more, this time dealing in groceries and provisions, which he con-
tinued to trade in until 1S46, when he was attracted to the lumber
trade, which he entered, in partnership with S. H. Fox. Four years
later he disposed of his interest in the firm, and operated in lumber
on his own account, not keeping a yard, but buying and selling by the
cargo. In 1852, the firm of Sheldon & French was formed, a lumber
yard opened, and the firm continued until the failure of the health
of Mr. C. French. For a year after this event Mr. Sheldon carried on
his business alone, and then took into partnership his son, Edward P.
Sheldon, the firm becoming Sheldon & Son.

In April, 1SG9, the firm of Sheldon & Son merged into that of S.
H. Sheldon <t Co., being comprised of S. H. Sheldon it Son, and Sears
& Holland, of East Saginaw, Mich.

The lumber trade of the city has been, generally, one of steady •
growth, and Mr. Sheldon's share in it has been of that character. It
developed gradually, as the city grew in size and importance, and as
the demand from the interior increased with the growth of towns and
villages on the lines of canal and railroads. The beginning was
small, and the earlier years of its progress full of ditliculties, but in
the end the trade reached large and lucrative proportions. Its
highest point of prosperity Avas during the war, when the establish-

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tnent of permanent camps through the State created a sudden and
oxtonsive demand for lumber, to build tlie numerous camp buildinirs.
At that time the only perplexit}' of the lumber dealer was to liud ii
supply sufficient for the demands pressing in from all quarters, for
certain qualities.

PVom lumber to ship building is an easy transition, and Mr.
Sheldon, five or six years since, became interested in lake craft, and
added a fine three masted schooner to the lake marine. With the
growth of manufactures in the city, he became interested in that
direction also, connecting himself with the Etna Iron and Nail Works
enterprise. He also took a deep interest in the formation of the
People's Gas Company, for the supply of the West Side with gas,
being one of the original supporters of the organization, and at
present one of its directors.

In all his undertakings Mr. Sheldon has kept steadily in view the
necessity of industry and economy, and it is the practice of these two
mercantile virtues that has brought about his success. One trait of
his business character is peculiar. He has, so far as possible, avoided
recourse to law% holding the doctrine that, in most cases, when a debt
could not be collected without the aid of a lawyer, it was not wortli
spending money for. In religious principles Mr. Sheldon is a Con-
gregationalist, and has been connected for more than thirty years
with the First Congregational Church, and during most of this time
has discharged the duties of deacon, serving the church with tidelity
and acceptance, in this official position. He has been identified wit h
Sabbath school labors, as teacher and superintendent, and to his zeal
and liberality the Detroit street Mission Sabbathc shool largely owes
its prosperity, and its present commodious chapel. In every Christian
enterprise Deacon Sheldon has been among the foremost. No
benevolent cause, whether local or general, has appealed to him in
vain for pecuniary support, or Christian sympathy and countenance.

In 1S36, Mr. Sheldon was married to Miss Cordelia H. Buxton, of
Cleveland, a descendent of the English Buxtons, of philanthropic
memory. Of the family of six children, one, the eldest, Henry A.
Sheldon, died in 1S42. The only surviving son became a partner with
his father in 1866.

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52 CLEI'ELAXD, PAST A.\'D PJiF.SEXT:

CHARLES HICKOX.

Whether the conversion of wheat into flour can more properly be
classed among manufactures or trade and commerce is a question for
casuists to determine. There can be no c^uestion, however, that
Charles Hickox takes his place, by rjght, among the merchants and
commercial men of Cleveland, wliether the grinding of wheat be a
manufacture or not, for it is not alone by the milling business that
Mr. Hickox has identitied himself with the commerce of the city.
He has gone through all the phases of Cleveland commercial life,
having been connected with the produce and commission trade,
owned lake vessels, and otherwise qualified himself for a place among
the merchants and "'river men," aside from the business in which he
is widely known — that of an extensive mill owner.

Mr, Hickox came to Cleveland in 1S37, from the state of New
York, making his debut in the Forest City in the year of its greatest
depression. For the first two years he engaged as clerk, and served
his employers faithfully. Then, gaining confidence, and seeing an
opening he struck out boldly for himself, setting up, as was usual in
those days, in the commission and produce business. The constantly
growing commerce of the place increased his business and made it
lucrative. "With far-seeing enterprise Mr. Hickox pushed his opera-
tions so that his trade rapidly increased and his consignments steadily
grew in number and quantity. To accommodate it he purchased
interests in shipping on the lake, and eventually became a large ship
owner.

Seeing his opportunity, Mr. Hickox turned his attention to milling,
and commenced operations at a mill in Akron, which he soon made
known to the commercial world by the excellence and reliability of
its brand. To this was, in time, added the water mill, on the canal,
in Cleveland, near the weigh lock, which he held for five years and
then sold. After the sale of the latter mill, he purchased the Cleve-
land Steam Mills on ]\[erwin street, with a capacity of about three
hundred and fifty barrels per day, and in ISCT, lie added the National
Steam Mills, with a capacity of from live hundred to six hundred
barrels daily. Whilst a large capital is invested in these mills, the
number of men employed is less than in establishments where labor

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.saving machiuery has not been brought to such a pitcli ol" i-oricnioij.
About iil'ty men are directly employed in the mills, and a larirc uuui-
ber additional in the manufacture of barrels and sacks. A verv jar^'c
jtrojiortion of the flour from these mills is sold in sacks, from the fact
that tiie entire product is sold in the home inarket, which sjieaks
well ibr the estimation in which the brands are held. 3Ir. Charles
W. Coe is in active partnership with Mr. Hickox, in the milling inter-
ests, the firm name being Coe lV' llickox.

3Ir. llickox has taken deep interest in the railroad affairs of the
city, and has been for some time a director of the Cleveland, Colum-
bus iV: Cincinnati Railroad Company. He is still as active and
energetic as ever, well preserved in body and mind, and makin"- his
positive influence felt in all departments of business in v\'hich he
becomes interested. He never tires of work, and, as he says of
himself, he "holds his own well, at lifty-tive."

ALEXANDER SACKETT

Alexander Sackett, son of Augustus Sackett, of Sackett's Harbor,
N. Y., was born August 17th, 1S14. He received a good mercantile
education in New York City, and came from thence to Cleveland in
1835, and at once engaged in the wholesale and retail dry goods line,
in the old block of Mr- Weddell, on Superior street. Pie continued
with success in this business until 1S54, when he went into commer-
cial business on the river, and in which he remained until ISGS, when
he retired irom trade circles to devote his whole attention to his real
estate interests.

Mr. Sackett was married in ISoG, to Harriet, daughter of Levi
Johnson, Esq., of this city. They have hve children living, and have
lost two. The eldest daughter is the wife of Mr. Y^irgil T. Taylor, of
this city, and the son is in his father's office.

Mr. Sackett is still hale, and may reasonably expect, without
accident, to long enjoy the fruit of his labor.

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GEORGE MYGATT.

Mr. Mygatt is a genuine pioneer of the Western Reserve, having
come with his father. Comfort S. Mygatt, at the age of ten years, to
the new settlement at Canfield, Mahoning county, Ohio, in the year
1807. He was born at Danbury, Ct., on 1-ith of June, 1797, when that
village had not recovered from its conflagration by the British, during
the Revolution. There were then visible, and for many years during
his boyhood, buildings which were charred by fires kindled by
English soldiers.

Mr. Mygatt's father was a merchant and fanner, at Canfield. lie
was an active, honest and successful man. The year previous to his
emigration, his daughter, Polly, was married, at Danbury, to the late
Elisha Whittlesey, who removed at once to Canfield, Ohio. Mr.
Whittlesey, his son-in-law, took the contract to clear a piece of ground
for Mr. Mygatt, laboring on the job with his axe and team.

At, Danbury George had as good an opportunity in school as any
Connecticut lad could have, under the age of ten years. At Canfield
there was little opportunity for gaining book knowledge. He was
engaged with his father as clerk and general helper, until he was
twenty years old. In ISIS, he became clerk in the Western Reserve
Bank, at Warren, and remained in that position two years, when he
engaged in mercantile business in connection with his father-in-law,
Mr. A. Adams. This partnership lasted five years, after which he
carried on the business alone until 1833,

From 1829 to 1833, he was sheriff of Trumbull county, and had the
disagreeable office of executing the murderer, Gardner.

In 1834, Mr. Mygatt became a financier, which may be said to be
his profession. He was then appointed cashier of the Bank of Xor-
walk, Ohio. In 1836, he w^as appointed cashier of the Bank of
Geauga, at Painesville, Ohio; and in 18-16 he became President of the
City Bank of Cleveland, holding the last named office until 1850.
The firm of Mygatt & Brown was then formed, for private banking,
and continued until 1857.

In 1855, he was elected a member of the House of Representatives,
from Cuyahoga county, serving two sesssion.

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volved, by the failure of the Ohio Life- and Trust Coiiip;ni\\ of
Ciiu'iiiiniti Mr, Mygatt was appointed cashier at this tinip, when a
memorable panic in tinances was sweeping over the country, 'i'he
bank sank a large part of its stock, but maintained its integrity, and
roritinued to redeem its notes.

In l^Gl, he retired Irom active business, but, witli his long habits of
employment, it soon became irksome to him to be out of work, and
in lb(55 he became Secretary of the Cleveland and Mahoning Eailroad
Company, a position he still retains, for the sake of being employed.

A large portion of Mr. Mygatt's time and means have always been
devoted to benevolent purposes ; Sunday schools, the annual contri-
butions for the poor, the church, industrial schools, and, in fact, all
charitable movements have found in him a ready response; he will
long be remembered for his work's sake.

As a business man he was characterized by the strictest integrity,
always preserving a quiet, considerate policy, and by incessant
industry accomplished a great deal. For one who has reached tlie
age of seventy-two, he possesses remarkable vigor, and we should
judge, from the position he occupies, that his mental faculties are
little impaired.

Mr. Mygatt was married in March, 1S20, to Miss Eliza Freeman, of
Warren, who is still living. Of their six children, four of whom
arrived at mature age, and were married, only Mrs. F. T. Eackus now
survives. «

MARTIN B. SCOTT.

Among the name's of those who have done business on the river
during tlie past quarter of a century, that of M. B. Scott, until his
retirement a few years since, held a foremost place. ^Ir. Scott is a
native of New York, having been born at Deerlield, near Utica, in
that State, in March, ISOl.

Mr. Scott is of Quaker stock; a lineal descendent in the sixth
generation from the tirst American Quaker, (Richard Scott, one of
the first settlers of Providence, R. I.,) and in the nineteenth genera-
tion from William Baliol Scott, of Scotts-Hall, Kent, England, in the

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line of Edward I. Ilis Quaker ancestors siiA'ered" persecution at the
hands of tlie Boston Turitans in 1058. The daughters of Kichard Scott
were cast into prison by Endicott, for avowing their Quaker faith,
and his wife Katharine {ne Marbury, youngest sister of tlie famous
Mrs. Anne Hutchinson) w^as publicly scourged in Boston by order of
court, for visiting and sympathizing with her Quaker brethren in
prison.

One of the maxims of Mr. Scott's life, was to despise no honest
employment, however laborious ; if he failed to obtain such business
as he desired, he took the next best opportunity that oflered, a prin-
ciple that might be profitably practiced by many young men of the
present day. Deprived of a liberal education, by the pecuniary
embarrassments of his father, who had a large family to support, he
left the Utica Academy in 1S20, and made an effort to learn a mechan-
ical trade, with only partial success. He, for a time, alternately
taught a country school in winter, and was engaged for the remainder
of the year in internal commerce, as master of a boat, or as forward-
ing clerk, in the then prominent houses of De Graff, Walton ct Co.,
and Cary & Dows, on the Mohawk river and Erie canal. This early
training in the elements Of commerce and navigation was the nucleus
of his subsequent pursuits, and the foundation of his commercial
success, although his operations were not on the gigantic scale of
many others, who either amassed great fortunes, or sank into bank-
ruptcy; he managed his affairs with such prudence, sagacity and
integrity, that he never had occasion to compound with his creditors,
or even ask for an extension.

• Mr. Scott was interested in the first line of canal boats that ran
through from Utica to New York. In the outset of Erie canal opera-
tions it was supposed that canal boats could not sail down the Hudson,
and the freight was consequently transhipped at Albany. Experiment
proved the fallacy of this belief, and thenceforward canal boats ran
through to Nevr York. A new line of steam tow-boats on the North
river, called the Albany & Canal Tow-Boat Company, was formed,
and Mr. Scott was appointed principal manager, first at Albany and
then at New York.

In 1S36, his health failed, owing to his close application to business,
and under medical advice he performed a horseback journey through
Michigan, Indima, Illinois and Wisconsin. On his way westward he
stopped at Cleveland and was favorably impressed with v>-hat was
then a small but flourishing town. In lSo7, he returned from his
western journey and resumed business, but again his health failed,

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ITS REPRESEXTATU'E MEN. 57

ami ho was ordered to permanently abandon Albany and seek a inoro
lavorahle climate. Remembering the advantages of Cleveland hoih
for Inisincsd and residence, he concluded to remove to that point.

Hero he continued his connection with the forwarding business by
opening an agency for the American Transportation Line of canal
bouts on the Erie canal, his otfice being at the foot of Superior street.
In 1S41, he engaged in the purchase and shipment of staves, the
nmrkets for which were Albany and New York. This branch of
business he continued for about live years.

In IS44, he built a steam elevator on River street, near his old
stand, it being the first brick building erected on the river front.
With the completion of this building he turned his attention more
particularly to grain, receiving it b}' canal from the interior. On the
opening of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad, his
elevator was easily connected with that line, and the first load of
railroad v>dieat stored in Cleveland was received into his elevator.

About the year 1S40, Mr. Scott became interested in the lake
marine by the purchase of the brig Amazon, of 220 tons, then con-
sidered a craft of good size. At the time of the purchase, the West
was flooded with wild-cat money, and specie was very scarce. The
brig was sold by order of the Chancellor of Michigan, and specie
demanded from the purchaser, a condition that made buyers shy. In
1.S42, Mr. Scott purchased the schooner John Grant, of K30 tons, and
in the following three years added to his little fleet the schooner
Panama, of 100 tons, and the brig Isabella, of over 300 tons, the latter
being something highly respectable in the way of lake shipping.

Prudence, foresight, and careful enterprise made all his ventures
reasonably successful. In 1SG5, he resolved to quit business and enjoy
the competence he had acquired, first in foreign travel, to free himself
more thoroughly from business cares, and then in lettered ease at
home. In pursuance of this purpose he spent six months in Europe,
returning with recruited energies to the enjoyment of the well
stocked library of rare volumes collected during his years of active
business, and largely added to during his foreign travels.

A few facts in Mr. Scott's life, exhibiting his thorough confidence
in the Government and the cause of the Union, should not be passed
over. The first investment in the original War Loan taken in Cleve-
land, if not in Ohio, was made by Mr. Scott, August 12th, 1S61. He
still retains and exhibits with justifiable pride, a certificate from the
Acting Secretary of the Treasury, dated August 29th, 1S61, staling
that five thousand dollars had been received from him on account ol

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the three years' treiiMiry notes, and promising that they should be
sent him as soon as prepared. From that time to the present he has
invested freely in Government securities, being fully convinced of
their safety.

Since his retirement from business and return from European
travel, he has employed his leisure in literary pursuits, especially in
genealogical and historical studies, and has frequentl}^ contributed to
the journals of the day curious and interesting facts relating to the
early settlers in New England, in correction of erroneous beliefs
regarding them.

In 1S40, ]\Ir. Scott was married to Miss iMary Williamson, by whom
he has liad seven children, of whom three still live.

J. P. ROB I SON

Among the soldiers present at Braddock's defeat at Fort
Duquesne, near Pittsburgh, was John Decker Robison, an
American of Scotch descent, who also did good service during the
Revolutionary war. When the war was over he married a Hollander
living on the North River, and when a young family grew up about
him, moved to western New York, where, building the first house in
Canandagua, he received a patent of six hundred acres of land and
settled down as a farmer in Vienna, N. Y. One of his family v/as a
boy, Peter Robison, who stuck to the farm until the ex-Revolu-
tionary soldier had gone down to the tomb, and until he himself
had readied several years beyond the meridian of life, when he
obeyed the general law of American human nature, and moved
toward the setting sun. Years before this step was taken he had
married Miss Hetty H. Havens, of Lyons, N. Y., and raised a family
of children, among them J. P. Robison, the subject of this sketch,
who wa^ born in Ontario county, on the 2Grd of January, 1811.

Like his father, young Rol)ison spent the earlier years of his lite
in working on the farm, and it was not until his sixteenth year that
it was decided to give him a good education. He was then sent to
Nilfing's Higli School, at Viennii, N. Y., where he attained consider-

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;iMe |.r'>li''iency iu his studies, including Latin and MathcMnatics.
II;ivinir developed a taste for medical studies he was admitted as a
private pui)il oi" rrofessor Woodward, of the Verjoont College of
Medi.-iiie, and graduated in Noveml^er, 1S31. Immediately on the
c'o?ni>!etiou of liis studies he moved into Ohio and commenced
practice in liedford, Cuyahoga county, in February, 1832. lie soon
^ucceeded in building np a good practice, and for eleven years
continued in tlie exercise of his profession.

'I'ljen Dr. Robison concluded to change his business. In company
with W. B. Hillman he engaged in mercantile business at Bedford,
opening a store and at the same time carrying on other descrip-
tions of trade, such as milling, packing provisions, dealing in land,
and other operations such as the speculative American is always
ready to engage in. Among other things he started a chair factory
:ind a tannery, and his active mind was always revolving projects
for the increase of business, and, of course, of business profits.

But, whilst his hands were full of all kinds of business enter-
prises, Dr. Robison found abundant leisure for a different kind of
occupation. He was an intimate friend and associate of Alexander
Campbell, the leader of the Disciple movement, and organized a
congregation of this faith in Bedford, which he preached to for
sixteen years. When he commenced his ministerial labors in
Bedford, (from whom, at no time, did he receive fee or reward.) his
congregation numbered less than a dozen, but when he closed his
term of service as a voluntary minister he left for his successor a
congregation numbering four hundred and forty, showing conclu-
sively thot his ministering had not been in vain. Xor was his zeal
for the faith as understood by the Disciples content with preaching
during this long term of service. His purse was always ready for the
calls of the church, and, in company with Alexander Campbell, he
traveled from place to place throughout a great part of Ohio, address-
ing the vast concourses called together by the fame of the Disciple
leader, then in the plenitude of his power and influence as a preacher
and teacher. In these gatherings and in such company Dr. Robison
enriched his mind and developed a great talent for extemporaneous
address and discussion. Of a positive nature he brought strong
earnestness and unflagging energy to the work in which he was
engaged, and carried his hearers with him, as he himself was
frequently borne away by the enthusiasm of his subject. The same
earnestness and energy which made him so successful as a preacher
served to make him popular and elfective on the political platform,

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aud ill the cause of the soldiers of the Union in recent years.
During the war he was active in procuring volunteers for the Union
army, and whenever an ellbrt was made to aid the cause of the Union
Dr. Robison was aiiioni;- the foremost in the work. In politics Dr.
Robison was an old Clay Whig. After the demolition of that party
he voted with the Domocrats. In ISOl, he was cliosen to the State
Senate by ilie union of the War Democrats and Republicans,
receiving the largest vote^for any senator from this county. Since
that time he has voted with the Republican party. Ilis Senatorial
career was highly honorable to himself and of value to his
constituents, who found in him a faithful, active and intelligent
representative.

It is as a packer of provisions that Dr. Robison has been for many
years chieily known. For twenty-five years he liad been associated
with General O. M. Oviatt in the packing business at Cleveland,
and the brand of the iirm had grown to be recognized everywhere
as thoroughly reliable. In 1865, this partnership was dissolved, and
Dr. Robison continued the business at first alone and afterwards in
company with Archibald Baxter of New York. The scarcity of fat
cattle in this vicinity compelled him in ISGG to remove his principal
packing house to Chicago, where he continues to operate heavih',
the amount paid out for cattle during the last season being over
$300,000. In addition to the Chicago packing he has continued the
work in Cleveland, and also for several years did something in that
line at Lafayette, Indiana. The firm's brand, ''The Buckeye*', is well
known and highly esteemed both in the United States and England,
to "which provisions bearing that mark are largely shipped.

Had Dr. Robison continued his practice as a physician he would
undoubtedly have attained eminence in his profession, a leading
physician having irecpiently borne testimony to his extraordinary
skill in diagnosing disease, and urged him to devote his entire
attention to his profession. But he preferred curing beef and pork
to curing human bodies, and, so far as financial results are con-
cerned, probably made a wise choice, though the judgment of human
nature and insight into men's motives to wliich he attributes his
success, would liave served him in good stead in either line. At
the age of lifty-eight, Dr. Robison is found in possession of a Jiand-
some competency, altliough he has all througli life dealt with marked
liberality toward all worthy oljjects of charity and patriotism. lie
is still in possession of much of the vigor that has characterized his
business career, and we trust his life of usefulness may yet be long.

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TRUMAN P. HANDY.

TJie oldest banker in Cleveland, and probably the oldest active
banker in the State, is Truman P. Hand}', now president of the ]\[er-
cliants National Bank, He has been identifieel with the bankins:
business of Cleveland from his first arrival in the city, thirty-seven
years ago, and throughout the whole time has been a successful
financier, managing the institutions under his charge with unvarying
skill and good fortune.

Mr. Handy was born in Paris, Oneida county, New York, January
I7th, 1807. He had the advantage of a good academical education,
and made preparation for entering college, which, however, he did
not do, and at the close of his school term, spent the remaining time,
until his eighteenth year, upon his father's farm, with the exception
of two winters in which he taught school.

On reaching his eighteenth year it was decided that he should
enter on a commercial life, and a year or two were spent in stores in
Utica and New Hartford, N. Y., leaving the latter place in Octol»er.
1826, to take a position in the Bank of Geneva, Ontario county, N. Y.,
of which the Rev. H. Dwight was president. With this commenced
Mr. Handy's long banking career. Five years were spent in this
bank and then he accepted an invitation to remove to Bufi'alo, for the
purpose of assisting in the organization of the Bank of Bull'alo, of
which he was made teller, and remained one year in that position.
In March, 1S32, the young banker married Miss Harriet N. Hall, of
Geneva, and with his bride set out on the wedding tour, which was
also one of business, to Cleveland.

Under other circumstances the journey would scarcely be deemed
a pleasant one. It was in earh' Spring, and the weather was still
inclement. The roads were bad. and the lumbering stage tloundered
heavily through mud, and amid obstructions that made the way one
of discomfort, not unmixed with peril, for six weary days, between
Geneva and Cleveland. But in addition to the fact that it was a
bridal tour, the youcg couple were cheered by the prospect before
them. The charter of the old Commercia. Bank of Lake Erie, estab-
lished in 1816, and which had gone under, had been purchased by the
Hon. George Bancroft and his family in Massachusetts, and it was
designed to resuscitate it under better auspices. Mr. Handy had

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62 CLEJ'ELAND, PAST AND PRF.SEXT:

been invited to Leoome the cashier, and in pursuance of liis accept-
ance of the invitation, was, with his bride, on liis way to Cleveland.

The bank was organized on his arrival and commenced business on
the lot now occupied by the ]\rerchants National J^ank, at the corner
of Superior and Bank streets, the bank lot runninjr back to the
present site of the Herald building. Leonard Case, the president of
the old Bank of Lake Eric, was president of the resuscitated bank,
with T. P. Handy as cashier. It did a thriving business until 1S42,
when the term of its charter expired, and the Legislature refused to
renew it, compelling the bank to go into liquidation. When the great
crash of 1S37 occurred, the bank had been compelled to take real
estate in settlement of the liabilities of its involved customers, and
thus the corporation became one of the greatest landholders of the
city. Had the property been retained by the bank owners, it would
by this time have been worth to them many millions of dollars.

The close of the bank and the winding up of its affairs necessitated
the disposal of the real estate for the purpose of dividing the assets
among the stockholders. Messrs. T. P. Handy, H. B. Payne, and
Dudley Baldwin were appointed commissioners to close up the affairs
of the bank and discharge its liabilities. This being done, the remain-
ing cash and real estate were divided among the stockholders, who
appointed Mr. Handy their trustee to dispose of the property. This
was accomplished in 1845, when Mr. Handy made his final settlement.
During the time subsequent to the close of the bank, he had been
carrying on a private banking business under the name of T. P,
Handy & Co.

In the Winter of 1845, the State Legislature passed a law authoriz-
ing the establishment of the State Bank of Ohio, and of independent
banks. In November of that year, Mr. Handy organized the Commer-
cial Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, with a capital of one hundred
and seventy-five thousand dollars, and took position in it as cashier,
-the president being William A. Otis, and the directors, additional to
Messrs. Otis and Handy, being John M. Woolsey, N. C. Winslow. and
Jonathan Gillett. Mr. Handy was the acting manager of the institu-
tion, and so successful was his conduct of its affairs that the stock-
holders received an average of nearly twenty T^er cent, on their
investment through nearly the whole time until the termination of
its charter in 18(35, a period of twenty years. His policy was liljoral,
but with remarkable judgment he avoided hazardous risks, and whilst
the bank always had as much business as it could possibly accommo-
date, the tightest times never affected its credit.

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Wliilst t)\c Commercial Branch Bank was liaving sucli uninferrnptod
MUi'cess, tlie .Merchants Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, on the -anie
slret't, was experiencing a run of Ijad fortune. The failure of the Ohio
Lifo and Trust Company embarrassed it for a time, and other causes
con; pired with this to cripple its resources. In 1S61, the stockholders
invited Mr. Handy to take charge of its aiTairs as president, and he
accepted the trust. His usual success followed him to his new posi-
tion, and the aflairs of the bank were suddenly and permanently
improved.

In lebruary, 1865, in common with most of the State banking-
institutions, the Merchants Branch Bank stockholders decided to
wind up the concern as a State institution, and avail themselves of
the provisions of the National Banking Act. The Merchants Xational
Bank was organized with an authorized capital of one million of
dollars, of which six lumdred thousand dollars was paid in, Mr. Handy
assuming the presidency, and having associated with him in the man-
agement, Messrs. T. M. Kelley, M. Barnett, William Collins, James F.
Clark, Samuel L. Mather, and William Bingham. Under this manage-
ment the bank has thus far had an uninterrupted tide of prosperity,
with every prospect of its continuance.

It is not alone as a banker that Mr. Handy has made himself prom-
inent among the 'citizens of Cleveland. He has been intimately
connected with other enterprises tending to increase the prosperity
of the city, and it is remarkable that all the undertakings he has
been connected with have proved profitable, to himself to a greater
or less extent, as might be expected, but in a far greater degree to
others, the stockholders, for whose interests he was laboring. Few,
if any, men in Cleveland have made more money for others than has
Mr. Handy.

In addition to his banking duties, he filled the position from 1S50
to 1860, of treasurer of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati rail-
road, and managed its finances with that skill and ability which were
peculiarly needed in the earlier portion of that period, when the road
was' an experiment, carried on under the heaviest difficulties. In
1860, he resigned his position as treasurer, and is now a director in
that company. He has also been interested in other railroads center-
ing in Cleveland.

In 1850, a Cleveland built schooner left the lakes for the ocean,
and crossed the Atlantic to Liverpool, thus commencing the direct
trade between the lakes and European ports. In 1857, another Cleve-
land built vessel was sent across, loaded with staves and lumber, and

t>ip

64 CLEriiL.lXl), PAST AND PRESEST:

returned with crockery and iron. The success of these ventures
attracted the attention of tlie enterprising business men of the lakes,
and in the Spring of ls.5b, a lleet of ten vessels left Cleveland, all but
one loaded with staves aiul lumber, for European ports. Their depart-
ure was marked by demonstrations on the part of the authorities
and leading men of business, and with a fair breeze and good wishes
the fleet bore away for salt water. Of the ten vessels, three were
sent by Mr. Handy, the \\. 11. Harmon, bound for Liverpool, the D. B.
Sexton, for London, and the J. F. Warner, for Glasgow. All of the
vessels made quick and profitable trips, and the trade thus begun has
been carried on with profit to the present time, although at the
breaking out of the war American vessels were compelled to with-
draw from it, leaving the enterprise wholly in the hands of English
parties, who purchased vessels for the trade.

Whilst his vessels were in Europe, Mr. Handy availed himself of
the opportunity to visit Great Britain and the Continent, to attend to
his interests, and at the same time to study some of the institutions
of the old world, especially the financial, religious and educational.
In educational matters he had always taken a deep interest, having
watched with a careful eye the growth of the public schools of Cleve-
land, and for some time was associated with Mr. Charles Bradburn in
their management, as members of the Board of Education. And this,
which was wholly a labor of love, with no remuneration but the con-
sciousness of having done some good by hard w^ork, was the only
public office ever held by Mr. Handy, or ever desired by him. At the
same time he was deeply interested in the growth and management
of the Sunday schools of the city, and for many years has taken a
leading part in all movements calculated to extend their field of
usefulness and increase their efficiency. In Great Britain he visited
the Sunday schools and was warmly welcomed by teachers and
scholars, who were greatly interested in his account of the working
of Sunday schools here, whilst the narration of his experiences on
that side of the Atlantic frequently delighted the scholars at home
on his return.

Although rapidly approaching the period allotted by the psalmist
to man as his term of life, Mr. Handy is still as full of vigor and
business energy as much younger men, and is as earnest as of old in
managing large financial undertakings, or in leaching his class in
Sunday school. His heart is as young at sixty-two, as at twenty-
seven, and the secret of his continued health and vigor undoubtedly
lies in his temperate and upright life, his kindly disposition, and tliat

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n'mple cheerfulness of spirit tluaf makes him thoroughly at Iionie in
fho society of children, who, in their turn, are thoroughly at home
witli him. One of the most energetic and successful of business men,
hf ha^ never allowed business to so engross his time' and attention as
to leave no opportunity for religious or social duties or enjoyments.
In this way he has won the confidence and esteem of all classes of
citizens as a successful financier, a good citizen, a man of the strictest
prol)ity, a warm friend, and a genial acquaintance.

Mr. Handy has but one child living, a daughter, now the wife of
Mr. Jolin S. Newberry, of Detroit. His only other child, a boy, died
in infancy.

CHARLES BRADBURN.

That Charles Bradburn is a merchant long and lionorablv known
in the commercial history of Cleveland, and that he still retains a
prominent place in the business circles which he entered thirty-three
years ago, are undeniable facts. And yet, the great feature' of Mr.
Bradburn's busy life, and that of which he is justly most proud, is
not his business successes, but his connection with the public schools
of this city. His mouey, made by anxious care in his warehouse
and among business men, was freely spent to promote the cause of
education, and the labor, solicitude and anxiety with which he
prosecuted his business, great as they necessarily were, must be
counted small compared with his sacrifices of time and labor in tlie
effort to extend and improve the school system and make the
school houses of the city a source of gratulation and pride to the
citizens.^ But whilst his hardest labor was in the service of the
schools, it was purely a labor of love, whilst his work on the
river was a labor of business, and therefore he must, in this record
of Cleveland's noted men, take rank among his commercial brethren.
Mr. Bradburn was born at Attleborough, Massachusetts, July
16th, ISOS. His fatlier was a cotton inanufacturer when that great
industrial interest was in its infancy. The first manufacture in^ this
country of several articles of twilled fabrics was in his factory.

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At the a'^^e of seven years Charles Bradburn liad the misfortune
to lose his mother, a lady highly esteemed l^y all who knew her.
This loss was a serious one, as it left him almost entirely to his own
resources When sixteen years old he entered the Lowell machine
shop as an api)renfice, and after a service of three years, graduated
with a diploma from the Middlesex Mechanics Association. He
served as a journeyman for two years, when, feeling that his
education was not adequate to his wants, he left the meclianic's
bench for the student's desk, entering the classical school of
Professor Coffin at Ashlield, in the western part of the same State.
Subsequently he resumed his mechanical labors, which he continued
until 1833, part of the time as a journeyman, but during the greater
part as a manufacturer on his own account. At that date he changed
his business from manufacturing to commerce, opening a store in
Lowell.

In 1836, he decided to remove to the West, and in that year
brought his family to Cleveland, where he commenced the wholesale
and retail grocery business in the wooden building now standing,
adjoining the old City Buildings, which were not then finished.
The next year he rented the two stores adjoining in the then new
City Buildings, of which but a portion now remains. In 1840, he
built the warehouse now standing at the foot of St. Clair street and
moved his business to that place, abandoning the retail branch. At
the same time he established a distillery on what was then known
as " the island," on the west side of the river. In 1854, he removed
to the spacious warehouses, 58 and 60 Kiver street, now occupied
by him and his partners under the same name, " C. Bradburn & Co.,''
that graced the walls of the City Buildings in 1836. During his long
commercial life Mr. Bradburn has enjoyed largly the confidence and
esteem of the commercial community and is now one of the most
energetic business men of the city.

But it is in his devotion to the cause of knowledge and popular
education that Mr. Bradburn appears especially as a representative
man. He was one of the first officers of the Mercantile Library
Association, and in its early history took much interest in its
prosperity. His great work, however, lay in the schools. In a
letter to a friend recently written, he, with characteristic modesty,
WTites : "After a life almost as long as is allotted to man, the only
thing I find to glory in is having been able to render some service to
the cause of popular education ; to be called by so many of our
ablest educators the father of our public schools, was glory enough,

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and amjile compensation for many years of hard labor and the
fxlK-niliiuro of much money in the cause.-'

Mr. Hradburn was in ISSO elected to the City Council from the
Third ward. As chairman of the Committee on Fire and Water In-
roor^'.'ini/od the Fire Department, whicii was then in a wretched
condition, and, with the assistance of Mr. J. L. Weatherly, who wa>^
ma<le Chief Engineer, and the aid of new laws, made it one of the
most etlicient of any at that time existing in the country. As
chairman of the Committee on Streets, at that time an office of much
responsibility and labor, he rendered the city valuable service.

In 1S41, he was elected a member and made chairman of the
Hoard of School Managers. This body was merged into the Board
of Education, and for several years he tilled the office of president.
For thirteen consecutive years he served as member of the Board
of Scliool Managers and of the Board of Education, during much of
which time he had almost unaided control of the educational affairs
of the city. Mr. Bradburn succeeded in getting through The
Legislature a bill authorizing the establishment of a High School.
the first institution of the kind, connected with the public schools,
in the State of Ohio. A school of this character was started in June.
1S4»>, and maintained in spite of fierce opposition. But there was
no building to receive it, and its earlier years were spent in the
basement of a church on Prospect street, the room being fitted up
by Mr. Bradburn and rented by the city for fifty dollars per annum.

Feeling strongly that he could render better service to the cause
of popular education in the City Council than he could in the Board
of Education, in 1853 he resigned his seat in the latter body and \v;i.-
elected to the City Council. When Ohio City was united with
Cleveland, he was chosen president of the united Councils

Having, on taking his seat in the Council, been appointed to a
position on the Committee on Schools, his first and continuous etlbrts
were directed to bringing the Council to provide suitable buildings,
not only for the High School, but for all the schools of the city. In
consequence of his earnest and persistent labors an ordinance wa<
passed authorizing a loan for scliool purposes of 830,000. The loan
was negotiated at par without expense to the city. 3[r. Bradburn.
and the Building Committee, of which he was chairman, immediately
made plans for the Central High School, and the Mayilower, Eagle
and Alabama street Grammar schools, all of which were put under
contract without delay, and finished under their supervision to the
entire satisfaction of the Council and Board of Education. Tlie

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('S CLEJELAXD, PAST AXD PRESEXT:

teachers of the public schools in f2;ratitiide for his services in the
cause of education, induced Mr. Bradburn to sit to Allen Smith, Jr.,
for his picture, which was then hui)^; in the hall of the Central High
School. At a subsequent date the High School teachers presented
him with a massive gold-headed cane, engraved with a compli-
mentary inscription, but this highly prized token was unfortunately
lost, together with a number of other cherished mementoes and all
the family pictures, in a fire which destroyed his residence in
Februar}', 1S6S. In the fire also perished a valuable library of over
four hundred volumes, the result of a lifetime's collection, and Mr.
Bradburn barely escaped with his own life from a third story
window, being badly injured in the descent.

In public matters he has done but little during the past few
years, devoting himself entirely to his business, but he may be seen
on all occasions where the cause of popular education can be
benelited by his presence. In 184S, he was the Whig candidate for
Mayor, but, being ill at the time, gave the canvass no personal
attention, and was defeated by a few votes, the opponents of the
High School, of whatever party, voting against him.

To Mr. Bradburn the credit belongs of procuring, after a hard
battle against parsimony and prejudice, the establishment of the
first free High School in the "West.

SAMUEL RAYMOND

Samtiel Kaymond was born in Bethlem. Connecticut. March 19,
1805. Like most of the sons of New England, his boyhood was passed
in plowing among the rocks on one of the stony farms of that rocky
and hilly State. At the age of sixteen he commenced teaching the
village school, and continued teaching for six years, a portion of that
time being spent in Xew York State, m one of the many pretty towns
that are scattered along on either side of the Hudson. Returning to
Connecticut at the end of his six years' trial of teaching, he was
employed to keep the books of the old and wealthy firm of Messrs.
A. tk C. Dav. drv goods commission merchants, at Hartford. The

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ITS REPRESEXrATIJ'E MEX. t\U

late Governor Morgan, of New York, was, at the same time, a i:ak">-
iiian ill the house.

Jii Jn"Jo, Mr. Eaymond married Mary North, daughter of James
Norll», of New Britain, Conn.

In tlie Spring of 1S35, he determined to try his fortune in the Far
West, away out in Ohio. With Kansas as the present geographical
centre of the Union, it is difficult for us to conceive of the New
Kn^'hmders' idea of the West at that time. It was something of an
undertaking. It was a journey of weeks, not a ride of twenty-three
hours in a sleeping coach or palace car. It meant long and tedious
days of staging — a monotonous ride along the Erie canal from Sche-
nectady to some point a little farther west, and finally, when the lake
was not frozen over, the perils of lake navigation. In 1S.35, Cleve-
land, Erie and Sandusky were all struggling for supremacy. When
Mr. Raymond got as far west as Erie, he thought that might be a good
place lor him " to drive a stake,'' but the number of newly made
graves suggested to him, on second thought, the propriety of getting
out of the place as speedily as possible. Cleveland at that time was
beginning to put on city airs — Kellogg's great hotel (the American)
was slowly going up. The only vacant store to be had by Mr. R. Avas
a little wooden building on the site of the present Rouse block — a
location at that time about as far out of town as it would be safe for
a prudent merchant to venture. Henry W. and Marvin Clark were
associated with him in business, under the firm name of Raymond 6c
Clark.

Mr. Raymond was a merchant of more than ordinary business
ability, a man of scrupulous exactness in his business dealings. His
extreme conservatism in business management carried him safely
through every commercial crisis.

Like most business men Mr. Raymond had but little time to devote
to political discussions. He voted the Whig ticket as long as the old
Whig party had an existence. In religious principles he was a Pres-
byterian, and united with the First Presbyterian Church in 1S40, at
that time under the pastoral charge of Rev. Dr. S. C. Aiken.

In the Winter of 1S66, in compliance with his physician's advice,
he took a journey south for the benefit of his health, which had been
impaired by his unremitting devotion to business. . In company with
a party of friends from Cincinnati, he and his wife left Louisville for
Havana, in January. On the 2d of February a telegram was received
by the remaining members of his family in Cleveland, informing
them that Mr. Raymond was among the missing on the ill-fated

icA oma *id

•aiiBiO

70 CLE IE LAX I), PAST AXD PRESEXT:

steamer Carter, which was burned when within a few miles of
Vicksburg.

When the ahirni was <:iven, Mr. Raymond and his wife were asleep.
Hastily dressing thomsolves and providing theniselves with life-pre-
servers, they jumped through the cabin window, ^Ir. Raymond having
a state-room door which he had wrenched from its liinges. Mrs.
Raymond clung to a floating bale of hay and was saved after an hour
of peril and suffering in the icy water. Nothing was seen of Mr.
Raymond after he floated away from the wreck, clinging to the door.
His death was mourned by a large circle of friends who appreciated
his worth.

By diligence and economy he accumulated a valuable estate,
leaving to his family property valued at two hundred and fifty
thousand dollars.

RICHARD T. LYON.

The first secretary of the Cleveland 'Board of Trade, and its presi-
dent for the year 1869, Richard T. Lyon, is probably the oldest
established merchant now doing business on the river. He arrived
here in 1823, when there were but a few hundred people in the village,
and for some time resided with his father-in-law% Noble H. ^lerwin.
on the lot now occupied by Bishop's Block, about where N. Heisel's
confectionary store now stands. In 1838, he entered as clerk in the
forwarding house of Griffith, iStandart ct Co., at the foot of Superior
street, continuing in that position until the Spring of f811, when he
formed a partnership with I. L. Hewitt, and carried on a forwarding
and commission business on River street, under the firm name of
Hewitt & Lyon. The partnership continued until 1847, when Mr.
Hewitt retired, and Mr. Lyon continued the business in his own name
at 67 Merwin street, where he has remained until the present time.
In the Spring of 1>6S, his son, R. S. Lyon, was taken into partnership,
the firm name being changed to R. T. Lyon l^ Son. For a number of
years Mr. Lyon has been the largest dealer of salt in the city, having
had the agency of the salt works in western New York.

Mr. Lyon has held, from his first entry into commercial life to the

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j»re.-cnt time, the esteem and confidence of the business men of Clevc-
lanil, and that confidence has been shown by the fact, that for many
years he was the treasurer of the Board of Trade, having been elected
to that position on the organization of the Board; was subsequently
made vice-president, and in the Spring of ISfJO, was elected president.
This comi)liment was well merited, for he is now one of the very few
remaininir members of the Board who took part in its organization,
and has never tlagged in his interest in its allairs.

H. M. CHAPIN.

In the commercial, political, patriotic, and literary history of Cleve-
land for the past fifteen or twenty years, the name of H. M. Chapin
will ahvays have honorable prominence. In all these departments
his persistent energy and unshaken faith, even in the darkest hours,
have been potent for good.

Mr. Chapin was born in Walpole, N. H., July 29th, 1823, and received
a good common school education. When fifteen years old, he re-
moved to Boston, and entered a dry goods importing house, in which
he remained nearly ten years. In the Spring of 1S4S, he left Boston
for Cleveland, where he became a partner in the wholesale grocery
warehouse of Charles Bradburn & Co., with whom he remained four
years. In 1S52, he commenced business as a provision dealer and
packer of pork and beef. For a time it was up-hill work, but his
native perseverance overcame all difficulties, and in the season of
1862-3, his business had grown to seven hundred and fifty thousand
dollars. From that time there w^as a steady decline in the amount of
packing done in Cleveland, the supply of cattle and hogs decreasing
until but a very small quantity, in proportion to the facilities for
packing, could be depended on. The slaughter-houses of Chicago
arrested the great stream of live stock, and what escaped them went
forward to the Atlantic cities for immediate consumption. In the
Winter of 18GT-8, Mr. Chapin, therefore, resolved to remove his pack-
ing business to Chicago, and commenced operations there with
gratifying success. He intended abandoning Cleveland altogether as

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72 CLEIELAXD, FAST AND PRF.SEXT:

a packing point, hut, contrary to his expectations, he has been able
to resume the business liere to a moderate extent. From 1SG2 to
1867, he carried on, in connection with tlie packing business, a very
extensive coopering establishment, eniploying about fifty men, be-
sides a large amount of machinery. Over a hundred and twenty-five
men were at the same time employed in slaughtering and packing.

In addition to his ordinary business, and partly in connection with
it, Mr. Chapin turned his attention to the question of insurance. It
was a favorite maxim with him that the West was able to do its own
insurance, and with this idea ever present, he was favorable to the
establishment of home insurance companies. Of the Sun Fire Insur-
ance Company, of Cleveland, he was for some years the vice-president,
and labored earnestly for its success. Being a thorough believer in
the principles of Homoeopathy, as well as an enthusiast on the subject
of western insurance, he was a willing co-worker with a number of
prominent citizens engaged in the organization of the Hahnemann
Life Insurance Company, of Cleveland. The novel character of this
company — it being the first of the kind in the United Slates — is
sufficient warrant for a brief statement of its history. It was estab-
lished in 1865, and numbered among its stockholders such leading
business men and substantial capitalists as Wm. A. Otis, Georo-e
Worthington, William Bingham, Stillman Witt, Selah Chamberlain,
Dudley Baldwin, D. P. Eells, M. C. Younglove, and the Hon. B. F.
Wade. The leading feature was the offer to insure those whose
medical belief and practice were exclusively Homoeopathic, at lower
rates than those subjecting themselves to Allopathic treatment. The
theory on which this ofler is based is, that all the evidence goes to
show a lower rate of mortality under Homoeopathic than under
Allopathic treatment. The Honorable William Baines, Insurance
Commissioner of New York, in speaking of this company in his
report, says: ''The Hahnemann Life Insurance Company, of Cleve-
land, Ohio, is the first western company admitted into this State. It
starts with a paid up capital of §200,000, one-half of which is deposited
with the State Treasurer of Ohio, for the protection of policy holders.
The company is organized on a basis of strength and capital, even
larger than that required of New York corporations ; it reduces the
rate of premium to Homoeopathic members.^'

Of this company Mr. Chapin was made president, and in the man-
agement of this, as in everything which he undertakes, he infused a
large amount of his energy, and made the company a complete
success. During the present year his almost undivided attention has

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ITS REPRESEXTATIJE MEX. 7;i

been givou to the company's affairs, with marked effect on its nipi-lly
increasing l»usiness.

In ISGo, Mr. Chapin was elected flavor of the city of Clovelund.
The honor was not only nnsought, but he was in entire ignorance of
the whole all'air until after his election. His name had not been
mentioned in connection with thai or any otlier oihee when lie lell
the city on a business trip that kept him absent for several days. In
the meantime tlie nominating convention of the Union llepublican
party was held, and there was some difficulty as to a choice between
the persons named for the nomination as Mayor. In casting around
for a way out of the difficulty, the name of Mr. Chapin v/as mentioned
and instantly met with favor. He was nominated, elected by a strong
majority, and the first intimation he received of the movement was
reading the election returns in the Cleveland Herald, on his home-
ward journey.

He accepted the office in the spirit in which it had been conferred
upon him. He understood that the people believed he was disposed
and able to manage the affairs of the city vigorously and honestly,
and he was not disposed to evade the responsibilities of the office.
His time was devoted to the duties of his position, the different de-
partments under his charge were carefully scrutinized, and whilst
his strictness and vigorous execution of the laws made the offenders
complain of his severity, there was no question raised as to his
ability, integrity, or honest zeal for the city's interest. He discharged
the duties of his office with scrupulous exactness, and he endeavored
to make others do the same. During his administration it was no
longer a reproach that, the ordinances of the city stood

" Like the forfeits in a barber's sliop,
As much in mock as mark."

At the breaking out of the war, Mr. Chapin took an early and
active part in stirring up the people to defend the Government of the
Union. Wherever his money, intluence, or active energy could be
made serviceable, there he was always to be found. Having obtained
the appropriation for the Twenty-Xinth Regiment, he worked dili-
gently in raising, equipping, and sending it to the field, and spent
much of his own time at the front in various capacities. The ladies
who worked diligently for the comfort of the soldiers and the care of
the sick and wounded, through the medium of the Ladies' Aid Asso-
ciation, found in Mr. Chapin an indefatigable assistant. He was ever
ready with suggestion, active aid, and money, laboring day and night,

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74 CLEJ'ELAXD. PAST AND P RES EXT:

either at the front, in the hospitals, or at home, in behalf of the
soldier.

The Cleveland Library Association was another held in whicJi Mr.
Chapin's energy and business tact were manifested. In 1554, he was
elected president of the Association, which had struirgled along, a
feeble organization, contending against numerous diflicullies. L'nder
his vigorous management the Association was brought to a higher
degree of prosperity then it had ever witnessed; the income was
largely increased, the number of books increased one-half, and a
lively interest excited in the public mind concerning it. ^Ir. Chapin
retired at the close of his term of office, and the affairs of tlie x^sso-
ciation gradually lapsed into their former unsatisfactory condition.
In 1858, an attempt was made to save it by revolutionizing its consti-
tution and management. A new constitution was adopted, and under
it Mr, Chapin was again elected president. The result was even more
marked than in the previous instance. The number of members was
nearly doubled, a load of debt that had accumulated through a num-
ber of years Avas removed, a large number of books added to the
library, and the reading-room enlarged and improved. Again, after
the lapse of ten years, Mr. Chapin has been called to the presidency
of the Association, under circumstances precisely similar to tho>e
under which he had twice before assumed the duties of the position.

Mr. Chapin was married October 15th, 1841), to Matilda, daughter
of John Fenno, of Boston. Of this marriage have been born six
children, the oldest of whom, a son now nineteen years of age, is in
the wholesale grocery of Edwards, Townsend et Co. ; the others are
all attending school.

MOSES AVHITE

Moses White, now one of the very tew reni;iining early citizens of

.Cleveland, was born at Warwick, Hampshire county, .Mass., February

25th, IT'Jl. His fathers name was Jacob White, a native of Menden,

Mass., who traces back his ancestors as natives of that town, to as

early a date as 1665.

Moses White, the subject of this memoir, being deprived, at a very
early age, of his mother, by death, went to live in Mendon, with his

0

/7\S REPRESKXT.lTirE MEX. 7:»

maternal i^rarid-father, Peter renniniaii. Afterwards he went (<>
Boston, where he learned the merchant tailor business, with ono Joins
Willson. From Boston he went to Providence, I\. 1., whore he
remained about two years, and where he became acquainted with
Miss Mary Andrews, whom he afterwards married.

In 1S13, being desirous of settling further west, he first weiu. to
Utica, N. y., and after remaining there a few months, he proceeded,
with a horse and buggy, to Cleveland, where he arrived in Octoljer.
1816, the population of the place then being only about 150.

He established himself here as a merchant tailor, and pursued the
business steadily about twenty years, and with success. He after-
wards established a store at Chillicothe, Ohio, which, not being under
his own care, did not prove successful.

From his arrival in Cleveland, he w^as forward in all the moral and
religious enterprises of the place, tirst in union with all the religious
denominations represented, and afterwards he was more particularly
identified with the Baptist Church, in which he has been for nearly
forty years a deacon.

He now enjoys more than usual health and vigor for one of his
age, and has the respect, confidence and esteem of every person who
knows him.

His wife having died in 1858, he has since that date made it his
home with his daughter, Mrs. J. P. Bishop, of Cleveland, with whom
he now resides.

In many respects Deacon White's history furnishes an example
worthy of imitation. In the times of his boyhood, in Xew England,
when a boy did not possess the means for establishing himself in
business, or of educating himself for some professional calling, and
particularly if he was an orphan, he was required to learn some trade.
In his case, his friends not only recommended this, but he was
desirous himself, of doing it. He accordingly went from Mendon to
Boston, a distance of about forty miles, where, alone and among
strangers, he sought a place where he might serve as an apprentice.
For days he wandered about seeking such an opportunity and tinally
fell in with John Wilison, the merchant tailor before mentioned, who
received him as an errand boy, and finally as an apprentice, in which
position he continued, passing through all the grades incident to
such employment, till he was twenty-one years of age.

Without father or mother, or friends to look up to for counsel and
advice, he persevered, and preserved his integrity, having the confi-
dence of all with whom he was associated.

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76 CLEl'ELAND, PAST A i\ D PRESENT:

In those early days, nothing was more common than to emigrate
to the West, leaving the principles of New England education, in
religion and morality, behind. Judging from accounts of society in
Cleveland in very early times, such must have been the case of some,
at least.

But such was not the case with the youthful Moses White. Though
he found not many congenial spirits in this far-ofl" western region, yet
whenever, in the little village of Cleveland, he heard of a place of
prayer, or a meeting, or association for the promotion of temperance
or morality, thither he bent his footsteps. Now in a ripe and happy
old age he enjoys, not only the retrospect, but also the present — and
not only these, but he is constantly looking for a consummation of
perfect happiness, beyond what either the past has, or the present
life can afford.

Finally, so far as accumulating wealth is concerned, he has not
been as fortunate as some, and yet less unfortunate than many others,
and now enjoys a comi.)etence abundantly sufficient to provide for all
his wants and to transmit something to his children. Well may
worldly ones say, " 0 that my last days might be like his ! "

^ 1 1 1 >

DAVID H. BEARDSLEY.

Mr. Beardsley does not claim to be a pioneer, but an early settler
of the second class, having arrived in Cleveland with his family in
June, 182G. Cleveland is supposed to have then had about live hun-
dred people. He was of Quaker origin, and lived at New Preston,
Connecticut, before he removed to Ohio. He was of course anxious
to obtain employment, and being a beautiful penman, a contract w as
soon made with the late Judge Willey, who was the county auditor,
to serve as his clerk, at one dolhir per day. He was employed about
thirty days in making the county duplicate. The taxable property of
the couutj^ at that time amounted to the sum of two hundred and
sixty-eight thousand, seven hundred and seventy-one dollars. When
Mr. Beardsley was deputy auditor, all the public business centered
in the old log court house, on the northwest quarter of the Square.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEW. 77

On the fourth of July, 1827, the Ohio canal was opened to lo.-k
seventeen, near Akron, and the canal commissioners, prominent
among wliom was his friend Alfred Kelley, were in need of a srrupu-
loush' honest man, and a good clerk, for the purpose of coUectinir
tolls. They found all the necessary qualifications of integrity, assi-
duity, and accuracy in Mr. Beardsley, who was therefore appointed,
the day not having arrived wJien qualification for office should he
the last of recommendations. The collectorship may be said to have
been Mr. Beardsley's profession. He spent in the office most of the
period of active life, in twenty-three years, undisturbed by the
changes of administration. To our ears this may sound incredible.

Mr. Beardsley's salary was at first three hundred dollars per annum,
increasing to twelve hundred before the close of his services. He
collected the sum of one million, three hundred and ninety-eight
thousand, six hundred and fortj-two dollars and sixty-eight cents.
His accounts were models of nicety as well as accuracy, errors and
discrepancies being equally unknown.

Being a gentleman of simple tastes and habits, witli few wants, he
has acquired a comfortable competence, without acquiring a thirst for
gold, and without withholding his substance from charitable and
public purposes. He is highly esteemed by all who know him, for a
life-long consistency of character, and sterling qualities as a man and
a friend. The writer occasionally sees him on our crowded streets,
although quite feeble, with a mind perfectly serene, and well aware
that his race is almost run. His record is worthy of emulation.

THOMAS AUGUSTUS WALTON

When the genial countenance and kindly voice of T. A. Walton
were missed from the customar}' gatherings of the river merchants,
it was felt that something had been lost which not even a lucky
speculation, or a good run of trade, could not restore. When the
news of his sudden deatli, whilst on a foreign tour for the restoration
of his health, was received, there was genuine sorrow among liis old
business associates, and poignant grief with many who had learned

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78 CLEVEI.AXD, PAST AXD PR ESI. XT:

to look on him not merely as a successful merchant, but as a man of
tender heart and open liand when suffering and distress appealed
to him for sympathy and aid.

Mr, Walton was born in London, and to the last he looked witli
affection to the city of his birth. His education was gained at the
City of London School. After leaving school he was brought up to
mercantile pursuits, and in 1830, concluding that there was a better
opening in that line in America, he came to tliis country, bringing
with him a considerable amount of money. For a few years he
remained in New York, loaning his capital, for which he always found
ready customers, but unfortunately the}" were not all as ready to pay
as to borrow. He lost large sums, and was driven to the conclusion
that for a man of his oj^enness of character and confiding honesty.
New York was an unprofitable location. The representations of a
friend, combined with dissatisfaction with his experience in the com-
mercial metropolis, determined him to seek his fortune in the West.
Evansburg, Ohio, had been represented to him as a desirable place in
which to live, a thriving business point, and adjacent to good hunting
ground. This combination of attractions determined him. and he set
out for Evansburg with what remained of his capital.

But the attractions of Evansburg soon wearied him. Neither his
social, commercial, nor sportsmanlike hopes were fulfilled by the facts,
and Mr. Walton speedily turned his back on the place of so much
promise and so little realization. Cleveland was the rising place of
the West, and to Cleveland he came, and established himself, as was
the custom with new comers of a commercial turn, in the produce
and commission trade. Following the old maxim, he stuck to his
business and his business stuck to him. The old frame warehouse in
front of which he hung out his sign in 1S3S, was occupied by him for
twenty-five years, until January, 1SG3, when he retired from active
business and was succeeded in the same building by his nephew,
Thomas Walton, who still retains tlie business and the old location.

Mr, Walton's nice sense of honor commended liim to a large circle
of customers in the interior and in Michigan, whilst nearly all the
Canadian business with Cleveland passed through his hands. His
Canadian customers relied implicitly on his word, and the fact that
he always retained his old friends, and received constant accessions
of new, sufhciently proved that their confidence was not misplaced.

In the Spring of 1SG3, soon after his retirement from business, be
went to England with the intention of staying a year or two and then
returning to enjoy the remainder of his life in ease in this countrv.

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ITS REP RES E NT ATI rE MEN. 70

Wiiil-t in Endiind he paid a visit to some friends in Southanii)ton,
an. I whilst taking: a bath in a movable bathing-house on the ho.u-ii,
l»r'.'l»;«l<ly was seized with cramp and sutFocated b}^ water getting into
Ills imigs. The news of his death caused a painful shock in bii-ines<,
Mi<i;il, and religious circles, where he had been so well known ;ind ~o
hii:hly esteemed.

Fur a long term of years Mr. Walton was the presiding officer of tlio
St. (Jcorge's Society of Cleveland, and that benevolent institution
owed its usefulness in great measure to his indefatigable zeal in the
c;ni>e, and to his unstinted liberality. To the distressed of any nation
he never turned a deaf ear, but to the needy and suffering of his native
country he was ever liberal, and accompanied his unostentatious
<-li;»rities with kind words and manifestations of sincere interest that
wore frequently as beneficial to the recipient as the money itself.
lie was also a valued member of the Masonic Order.

In religious belief he was an Episcopalian, and was long one of
the leading members of Trinity Church. His devotion was unaffect-
edly sincere, and though he made no vaunt of his religious principles
or hopes, there could be no question of his deep, earnest convictions.
Kind, courteous, ever thinking of the good of others, and wholly
unselfish, Mr. "Walton was a good specimen of the true Christian
gentleman. • .

Although of English birth, and clinging affectionately to all that
reminded him of his native land, he was a thorough supporter of
American institutions, and an admirer of the American character.
Deeply and warmly as he loved the land of his birth, his atVection
was even stronger for the land of his adoption, and it was his purpose
to have returned from his visit to his boyhood's home and settle down
in peaceful content in the chosen home of his manhood, until death
should lay him in an American grave. When the war broke out he
was an earnest and unshrinking supporter of the Government, and
his means were freely used for its support, and for the comfort of the
soldiers who were fighting its battles. Though alien born, and asso-
ciated intimately with people of like birth, there was no native
American that could surpass him in love for the Union, and few that
exceeded him, in proportion to his means, in contributions to the
defence of the Union.
In the language of his favorite Shakespeare, it might be said of him

His life was gentle, and the elements

So mixed in liim, that nature might stand up

And say to all the world, This iras a man !

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80 CLKVELAXD, PAST AXD PRESRXT

GEORGE ffORTHINGTON.

Prominent among the business firms of Cleveland, is that of
George Worthington oc Co., a house which stands in the front rank
both on account of the business done, and of its integrity and honor-
able dealing.

Mr. "Worthington, the founder and head of the firm, Avas born in
Cooperstown, N. Y., September 21st, 1813. He received a good com-
mon "school education, and then entered on a business career by
becoming clerk in a hardware store in Utica, in 1S30, remaining in
that position until ISott. when he came to Cleveland and commenced
business as a hardware dealer on his own account. His first store
was on the corner of Superior and Union lane, on the site of the
clothing store of Isaac A. Isaacs, and the first goods received by him
were drawn by oxen owned by a man who did all the carting at that
time. Cleveland was then but a small town, and most of the trading
was done with the teamsters that came from Wooster and other points
south, bringing pork, grain, and other products, and taking back
merchandise. Trade was brisk, but cash scarce, nearly all the opera-
tions being more in the nature of barter than of purchase and sale.

After remaining three years in his first store, he removed to the
corner of Water and Superior streets, on the site of the present
National Bank building, and in that location he remained thirty
years, during which time he witnessed the growth of Cleveland from
a small town to a large and prosperous city.

When he had been established about fifteen years, Mr. Worthing-
ton began rapidly to enlarge his business, and he associated with him
Mr. James Barnett and "Sir. Edward Bingham, at present members of
the firm. About that time they commenced wholesaling, and gradu-
ally built up a business from five thousand dollars the first year, to a
million dollars. This, however, involved a vast amount of labor, aud
an indomitable determination to succeed b}- driving business. Mr.
Worthington, in the absence of railroads or other public conveyance,
traveled through the adjacent townships and counties on horseback,
introducing his wares, and obtaining orders which would be filled l^y
the carriers' wagons.

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Kiiilroiuls revolutionized trade aud gave an inirjetus to everytiiin^',
and cstiihli-shnicnts that were on a firm footing before were prepared
to take advantage of circumstances. This was the case with Mr.
Wortliiii^ton. His wholesale business has grown enormously, esiieci-
ally sinco 1S«!0.

About 1SG2, ^Ir, Worthington projected the Cleveland Iron :\iid
Nail Works, and, in connection with Mr. W. "Bingham, matured the
plans and got the works into successful operation in about one year
from broachiug the project, the work turned out being of the best
quality. The owners of the works can sell readily all they make,
and furnish active and steady employment for about two hundred
men.

j\Ir. Worthington has also been extensively interested in blast
furnaces and coal mining, in the vicinity of Cleveland, and has been
very successful in them also.

At the present time the Cleveland Iron and Nail Company is
erecting the first blast furnace within the city limits, calculated for a
capacity of about three hundred tons per week. The firm have also
built works on their grounds for the manufacture of gas pipe, wliich
have been in successful operation for about a year, with the excep-
tion of a delay caused by a fire. This is an important work in a city
so rapidly growing as Cleveland, and will retain many thousand of
dollars formerly sent to Philadelphia and other points.

On the passage of the National Bank Law, 3Ir. Worthington and a
number of other capitalists of the city, organized the First National
Bank of Clevel^md, with a capital of four hundred thousand dollars,
which has been very successful. Mr. Worthington was elected
president on its organization, and still retains the office. He is a
director of the Ohio Savings and Loan Bank, of this city. He is also
largely interested in the local insurance interests; vice-president of
the Sun, and also interested in the Cleveland and Commercial, and is
a director of the Hahnemann Life Insurance Company. He is also
president of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, one of the most
successful organizations of the kind in the country.

No one man, probably, has done more towards building up the
business portion of the city than has Mr. Worthington. His first
building was erected on the corner of Ontario and St. Clair streets,
now occupied by H. Johnson. Since that time he has erected fifty
dwelling-houses, and fourteen stores.

In 1S40, he was married to Miss Maria C. Blackmar, of Cleveland,
by the Rev. Dr. Aiken. Of»,the marriage six children have been born,

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82 CLEILLASD, PAST AM) PRESEXT:

two sons and four daughters, all living. The oldest son, Ralph, is
now a member of the tinii.

In 1SGl\ Mr. Worthington V)ecanie interested in the wholesale dry
goods business in New York City, and has been quite successful in
the enterprise.

Mr. Worthington is a good specimen ot a self-made man, who was
not spoiled in the making. Hard work did not harden his character,
nor has prosperity turned his head. Coming to Cleveland without a
dollar, he has built up a large fortune by sheer hard work, close
application to business and strict business habits. He at the same
time built up a fine reputation by his integrity of character and
scrupulous honesty in his dealings. At fifty-six years of age, his
health is now, as it has always been, remarkably good ; he has
never been detained from business on account of sickness.

i* *^»-^

N. E. CRITTENDEN

One of the best known names in this city, to new as well as old
citizens, is that of- N. E. Crittenden. For ver}' many years his
jewelry establishment has been a landmark in the business district
" on the hill," and the greater part of the population, for about
forty years, have taken their time from his clock.

Mr. Crittenden is a Massachusetts Yankee in birth and pedigree,
having been born at Conway, July 25th, 1S04:. In his earlier
years he received a good common school education, and at the age
of eighteen was bound apprentice to the jewehy and watch-making
business, serving four years at Geneva, N. Y., and then removing to
Batavia, where he was employed two years at the trade, and in
Albany one year. In the latter city he married Miss Mary A. Ogden,
soon after the ceremony moving to Batavia, where, however, he
made but a short stay. He had determined on setting up on his
own account, and Batavia presented no opening for him. That land
of hope and promise, the West, tempted him as it had tempted
others, and with five hundred dollars in jewelry, purchased on credit,

Mo

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEX. K\

h«» •.lartovl westward in search of a place in wliich to turn lii>
}..t»i-lry into cash.

TtKin:: vessel at Buflalo he came to Cleveland, but there w:is no
li:>rl'"r, atul the vessel stopped outside to land any passengers lor th;it
J. L. •«', und then resumed her trip. Mr. Crittenden concluded not lo
«'»«! lii.N voyage until he had gone farther, and stuck by the Ai\\>
until lie reached Detroit, where he lauded and investigated with ;i.
\j«»w to settling. The prospect was not inviting. In order to do
l»u«*iness there it was necessary to understand and speak Canadian
Fn'iu'h, and 3Ir. Crittenden's acquirements in that direction were
not extensive. Detroit was clearly no place tor him.

Whilst roaming around the place he fell in with Mr. Walljridge,
wfio was seeking a location to open a dry goods business. He too
was dissatisfied with the induj^ements Detroit otlered, and had
.iltno^t resolved to abandon the attempt and go home. Mr.
<*riftonden had reached the same conclusion, and the two took the
hoat on the return trip, thoroughly disenchanted with the business
I)rosjiocts of the West. When the boat reached Cleveland they
roncluded to land and take a look at the place before they utterly
turned their backs on the western country.

It was in September, 1S26. The village was pleasantly situated,
and the location impressed the strangers favorably. The houses had
an appearance of thrift and comfort, and there w^as an air of New
Kngland enterprise about the settlement that contirmed the good
inji>ression formed at the approach. Mr. Crittenden turned to his
companion and announced his determination to go no farther ; he
had found the object of his search. That he might satisfy himself
of the''probable future of the settlement he got a conveyance and
rode into the country to see what were the surroundings of the
embryo city. As he passed up through the street his ears were
saluted with drum and fife, the people were all out in their holiday
clothes, and teams, loaded with old folks and young folks, were
coming into town, for it was "general training.'- The farther he
rode and the more he saw, the more firmly he became convinced
that here was to be his future home, and before long his five hundred
dollars' worth of jewelry found purchasers among the lads and lasses,
and some of the okler folks, of Cleveland.

His first store occupied the site of his present store on Superior
street, and here, in a little building, he opened his original stock.
The land he subsequently x^urchased of Levi Johnson, through the
medium of Leonard Case, the purchase money being one thousand

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84 CLl.l I.l.AM), J'.isr ,{\I) r/y'I:Sl:XT:

dollars for twenty-oi-!it feel, wiili tliriH> years' tiino in which to make
the payments. The exorhilaiil pri.-e horrilied some of the old
settlers, and one of them gravely >li()ok hi-^ head, announcing his
firm belief that such a sum of ujoney for sucli a hit of land would
turn Levi Johnson's head with unlo(d<ed for prosperity. The price
would scarcely be called high in the present day, when land then
considered far away in the distant country sells readily at higher
rates. In the spring of 1S2T, having secured his store and sold out
most of his original stock, he started East to make his first
purchases and to bring his wife to Cleveland. Ills friends were
surprised and gratified at his early return on such an errand. "With
his wife he brought some housekeeping articles, among other things
the third carpet ever brought to the settlement.

In 1833, he had so far succeeded in business as to warrant his
tearing down the old store and building in its stead a store and
dwelling combined. Great was the admiration of the people at this
building and it was considered a just source of pride by the people
of Cleveland, for to the store was an open front, the first seen in the
place, and to the private entrance to the dwelling was attached the
first door-bell in Cleveland. The glass front and the tingling bell
were unfailing sources of attraction until others adopted the novelty
and public curiosity became sated. The building was well known
to all who lived in the city previous to 1S65, for it remained until,
at that date, it had to give way to the larger, more elegant, and
far more costly structure.

In 1843, Mr. Crittenden purchased the Giddings place, on the
north side of the Public Square, with the stone residence on it, then
considered an elegant mansion. The price paid for the lot, house
and furniture was ten thousand dollars — a high price as rates then
were, but marvellously cheap now. To that house he removed his
family from over his store, and lived there twenty-five years, when
it was turned over to business purposes.

About the year 1853, he erected the fine business block on Water
street, now occupied by Stillson, Leek A: Doering, at a cost of fifteen
thousand dollars. In ISfiS, he put up the handsome block on the
same street that is occupied by Childs *fc Co. The cost of this was
not less than forty thousand dollars, and it is a decided ornament
to the street. The purchase of the land and the erection of those
elegant blocks, in addition to the one occupied In' liis own business,
furnish sufficient evidence of the prosperity of his jewelry business,
the regular stock of which has grown from an investment of five

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huiwIreJ dollars to one of more than a hundred and twenty li\.'
thoufeand dollars.

Hut it must not be supposed that this prosperity w:is uiiintiT-
rupled throughout Mr. Crittenden's business life. There were <l.i!k
Hloriiv* wliich threatened disastrous wreck, and nothing but stea.l-
f.Htness of purpose and force of character brought him throu::li. In
!<;*» the financial tornado swept over the land and stripped nearly
t'ViTV business man bare. When the storm was at its hciglii Mr.
Crittenden found himself with fifty thousand dollars of New York
drbts past due, and without the money to i)ay them. Collections
were cut oft', and whilst he was thus unable to raise the means from
hJH debtors, his creditors were likewise stopped from pouncing upon
liisn. Other men in like condition were compounding with their
creditors, and thus getting out of their difficulties by partial
re])udiation. Mr. Crittenden declined to avail himself of the
opportunity, and, in course of time, his creditors were paid in full,
though that result was brought about by years of toil, of steady,
])ersistent application to business, of shrewd financiering, and of
rigid economy.

In his early days in Cleveland he was chosen one of the village
trustees. In 1S2S, when he held that office, and Eichard llilliard
was president of the Board of Trustees, the members gathered cne
afternoon in an office and voted an appropriation of two hundred
dollars to put the village in proper order. Great was the outcry at
this wastefulness, on the part of some of the tax payers. One of the
old citizens, who yet lives, met Mr. Crittenden and wanted to know
what on earth the trustees could find in the village to spend iwo
hundred dollars about. At a later date, when Cleveland was a city
and Mr. Crittenden a member of the Council, it was voted to
appropriate ten thousand dollars to protect the lake front from
encroachments by the lake. Again was Mr. Crittenden mtt and
upbraided for his extravagance in municipal aftairs, such conduct
tending to bankrupt the city.

It is Mr. Crittenden's pride that he has had no serious litigation.
his care in making contracts having saved him the unpleasant
necessity of resorting to legal means to compel his debtors to fullil
their obligations. But whilst looking thus sharply after his own
interests, avarice or parsimony has formed no part of his character,
and he has been liberal according to his means.

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80 CLEVELAMK PAST AXD I'RESEXT:

^yILLIAM A OTIS

William A. Otis was one of those pioneer business men, who
settled in Ohio during the dark times which followed the war of
1812. He was one of those to whom we owe much, but of whom the
present generation knov.' little ; who without capital or education
gave an impetus to the Western settlement, by integrit}'', personal
energj'", economy, and good sense. By force of character alone,
which was their only capital, they wrought such wonders that
the wilderness was literally transposed into fruitful fields.

Mr. Otis left his paternal home in Massachusetts, about the year
1818, on foot, to seek a home in the West. Having reached
Johnstown, in the Allegheny Mountains, he hired for a few months
as man of all work, in an iron establishment, and thence set forward,
travelling as before, by way of Pittsburgh, to the township of
Bloomfield, in Trumbull countj^ Ohio, His physical constitution
was equal to the labors of a new country, which had nothing to
recommend it but a rich soil, and which required above all things
perseverance and hard work. He cleared land, furnished the settlers
with goods, for which they paid in ashes, or wheat, and kept a
comfortable tavern for the accommodation of travelers. The ashes
were manufactured by himself into " black salts" or impure potash,
more often styled " Pots," which was the only strictly cash article in
the country. It was necessary to haul the casks of potash to the
mouth of Beaver river, or to Pittsburgh, from whence they drifted
on flat boats down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, and
from thence were shipped to New York. Much of the teaming he
did himself.

The '' Pots" were exchanged at Pittsburgh for goods, or if shipped
iurnished a credit for the purchases, with which his wagon was
loaded, on the return to Bloomtield. Currency did not in those days
enter into the course of trade, because there was barely .enougii ot
it in the country to pay taxes. Mr. Otis was frequently obliged to
furnish his customers Avith cash for this purpose. When the Erie
Canal was finished to Bulfalo, the wheat of the settlers on the
Reserve, for the first time, became a cash article. They had an
abundance of grain, which they were glad to dispose of at twenty-
five cents a bushel, payable principally in goods. The canal

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ITS REPRESEXTATIJR MEN. si

furtiished a better outlet for potash than the river. ]\Ir. Oij,
il«'t<'nninocl to try a venture in Hour at New York, which he con^d-
c'ro<l tiio first lot sent there from the Reserve.

ThtTO were no Hour barrels, and no coopers, at Blooniheld, but ;i

fow miles north towards the lake there was a good custom irrist mill.

He wont into the woods, cut an oak tree, set his men to saw it itilo

Jjlooks of the right length, from which the rough staves were split.

The wheat which his customers brought in, was stored at the mill

itml ^Tound. When tlie cooper stuff was seasoned, the barrels were

made, rough enough, but strong, and his stock of tlour and potash

hauled through the mud thirty-iive miles to the mouth of Ashtabula

creek. A schooner was at anchor outside, and as soon as his

venture was on board, he took passage with it to Buffalo, and by

c-unal to New York. The New York dealers were surprised and

irratilied, for they perceived at once the capacity of a new country

on the shores of Lake Erie, of which they had hitherto only known

in theory, not in practical results. In quality the Hour was not

behind that of the Genesee country, which seemed a wonder in

their eyes. They purchased it readily and offered every encournge-

ment to the trade and the trader. In process of time, wool and pork

were added to the staples for the New Y^ork market. It was by this

courFe of incessant activity during near twenty years of country

business, coupled with a sure judgment, that Mr. Otis gradually

acquired a moderate money capital. In 1835 or 1836, he came to this

city, with his hard earned experience in traffic, and with more ready

cash than most of our produce dealers then possessed, and entered

upon a wider tield of enterprise. He continued to purchase and sell

the old class of articles, pork, flour and potash, to which iron soon

became an important addition. His capital and experience brought

mm at once into connection with many public enterprises, which

became necessary to an expanding country, especially such as relate

to transportation. One of the earliest turnpikes in northeastern

Ohio was made through BloomlieLl, from Warren to Ashtabula.

Steamers made their appearance on Lake Erie, and the Ohio canal

extended navigation into the interior. In all tliese auxiliaries to

trade in the heavy products of the country, Mr. Otis had a friendly

interest, and when railways l)egan to be discussed he saw their value

at once. Finally, after his usual deliberation, he decided that the

manufacture of iron was a safe and profitable business at Cleveland;

he became the pioneer iron master of the place, with the usual

result of his operations— a large profit on his investment.

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88 CLEIELAXD, PAST AM) P RES EXT:

This example and success laid the loundation of iron manufac-
tures here. It required something more tliau tlie talents of a shrewd
country merchant, or of a mere money lender, to I'oresce the coming
wants of trade in a growing State, to invest in its banks, railroads
and manufactures, and to render all these investments profitable.
With his increase in wealth there was in Mr. Otis no increase of
display, and no relaxation of the economy of early life, but an
increasing liberality in public charities, particularly those connected
with religion. When compared with the briskness of modern traffic
he was slow and cautious ; but having linally reached a conclusion
he never flagged in the i)ursuit of his plans. He belonged to a past
generation, but to a class of dealers whose judgment and persever-
ance built up the business of the country on a sure basis. In the
midst of a speculative community in flush times, he appeared to be
cold, dilatory, and over cautious, but he saw more clearly and
further into the future of a business than younger and more
impulsive minds, who had less experience in its revulsions.

For a number of years previous to his death Mr. Otis was largely
interested in the banking business of the city. He took a prominent
part in the organization of the State Bank of Ohio, was the originator
of the Society for Savings in Cleveland, and was for thirteen years
its president, and at the time of his death was president of the
Commercial National Bank. He was also connected with the
banking firm of Wicks, Otis & Brownell.

In connection with a notice of the originator of the Savings Bank
in Cleveland it is appropriate to briefly sketch the history of that
organization, which has worked so much good and which ranks
to-day among the most important and most valued institutions in the
city. The suggestion was first made by Mr. Otis in the Winter of
1848-9, and its organization was advocated on the ground of public
benevolence. At the request of several prominent i)ersons, Mr. S. H.
Mather, the present secretary and treasurer, examined the character
and practices of several eastern institutions of a similar character.
A charter was drafted,, principally from those of two well known
institutions of the kind then in operation at Boston and Hartford.
In the New England States every city and many villages and country
towns have organizations of this character.

In March, 1849, the Legislature granted corporate powers to W. A.
Otis, H. W. Clark, L. Handerson, J. Lyman, M. L. Hewitt, N.
Brainard, Ralph Cowles, J. H. Gorham, A. Seymour, D. A. Shepard.
James Gardner, J, A. Harris, J. H. Bingham, J. A. Briggs, S. H.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. SO

Matlier, J. A. Foot, and C. J. Woolson, and their successor?, to 1>#'
appointed l.y themselves, the corporate powers to continue thirty
years, Tlie corporators appointed John W. Allen president, S. il.
Mather secretary, and J. F. Taintor treasurer, and commenced
business in Auirust, 1S49, at the rear of the Merchants Bank, on liank
street. Mr. Taintor was at the time teller in the Merchants Hunk,
and it was supposed that he could attend to all the business ot" t lie
Savings Society outside of banking hours. This was soon found U»
be impracticable, and at the end of about two years Mr. Taintor
withdrew, leaving to Mr. Mather the joint office of secretary and
treasurer.

At the end of three years the deposits were only 3100,000. In the
latter part of the year 1856, the society became able to have a better
office, and moved into 118 Bank street, corner of Frankfort, under
the Weddell house. The deposits in 1S59, after ten years of business,
were only about 8300,000, but the concern had been so closely
managed that a surplus was accumulating from the profits on invest-
ments over the six per cent, interest paid to depositors. From
that time the business of the institution steadily increased until on
the 1st day of January, 1869, its deposits considerably exceeded two
and a half millions of dollars, and out of a large surplus had been
built one of the finest and most substantial buildings in the city,
on the north side of the Park. Such have been the fruits of tlie
suggestion of Mr. Otis; such the success of the organization in which
he took so deep an interest during his life.

On the announcement of the death of ^Ir. Otis, a meeting of
bankers was immediately called for the purpose of taking some
action in testimony of their respect for the deceased. All the banks
were fully represented, as were the private banking firms. T. M.
Kelly, of the Merchants National Bank, was called to the chair, and
J. C. Buell, of the Second National Bank, appointed secretary.
Appropriate remarks were made by the chairman and others, after
which a committee, composed of T. P. Handy, H. B. Payne, Joseph
Perkins, Henry Wick, and E. B. Hale, reported the following
resolutions, testifying to the respect and esteem felt for Mr. Otis as
a man of business, as a good citizen, and as a Christian :

It havlnfr pleased God to remove from our midst, on the morning of the lltU iiist.,
Wra. A. Otis. who. for more than 2'2 years, has been associated with many of us in the
bupiness of bankinsr. and ha-" occu])ied a prominent position both in the early or^'aniza-
tion of the State Bank of Ohio, and of the Soci.ny for Saving.-* of Cleveland, of wlwoh
latter Society he was for thirteen years president, and at th.> time of his death was the

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90 CLETELAXD. FAST A S 1) PRESKXT:

president of the Comtnerciiil Bank of this citv, and wbo by Lis wise counaels, bis bigU
regard for integrity and mercantile honors, as well as by un exemplary Christian life,
had secured the esteem and confidence of his associates and fellow citizens, and who.
after a good old age, has been ([uielly gatlu-red to his re^t, therefore.

Resolved, That while we deeply mourn the loss of our departed brother, we commend
his ^•irtues, and e9i)ecially his high standard of Christian integrity, for the imitation of
the young men of our city as the most certain means to a successful business life, and a
fitting preparation for its final close.

Resohed, That we deeply sympathize with the family of our deceased friend in the
loss that both they and we are called to sustain, feeling assured that after so long a life
of Christian fidelity this loss, to him is an infinite gain.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, signed by the Chairman and Secretary, be
furnished the family of the deceased and be du]y published in our rity papers.

J. C. BCFXL, Secretary. T. M. Kkli,y, Chairman.

Cleveland, May 12, 1868.

E. P. MORGAN.

"He who works most achieves most," is a good motto in business,
and in pursuits of all kinds, Tliis has been the princiiile on which E.
P. Morgan has acted throughout life, and a faithful persistence in
carrying it out has resulted in building up a mammoth business and
the consequent possession of a handsome fortune.

Mr. Morgan was born in i!^ew London, Connecticut, in 1S07. His
early years were spent at home and in attending school, where a
good common education was gained. In his fifteenth year he was
taken from school and placed in a store, where he acquired tliose
business habits which have made him a successful and wealthy mer-
chant. At the age of twenty-one, he set up in business for himself.
at Middletield, Massachusetts, carrying on a store, and at tlie same
time engaging in the manufacture of woolen goods. In this store he
continued twelve years, doing the whole time a thriving and pro ti ta-
ble business.

In 1841, he bade adieu to Massachusetts and came west to Ohio,
taking up his future home in Cleveland. He plunged into busines^^
immediately on arriving, opening a store on the north side of Superior
street, in the phice now occupied by the store of Mould vt Xum^en.
In 1857, he saw what he believed to be a more eligible site for busi-
ness in the corner of Superior and Seneca streets, and to that point

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III 90.

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/7\V REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 1>1

he reniovod in 185S. At the same time the firm of M()rp:an & Koot
was Ibniiod l»y admitting: to partnership Mr. R. K. Root. To t!io
retail dry goods business was now added a wholesale department,
as also a millinery department, and sii])se(iuently a grocery. The
business was vigorously pushed and every department grew with
remarkable rapidity, until store after store was added to the estab-
lishment. The "corner store" became known far and wide, and a
very large country trade was built up in the jobbing department.
D.uring the last three years of the war, the business of the firm reached
an amount greater than had ever been anticipated by its members,
and the old quarters, capable no longer of extension, became too
strait for the expanding operations. A number of lots on the east
side of Bank street, between the Herald building and Frankfort street,
being purchased by Morgan &: Root, were speedily disencumbered of
the drinking saloons and petty shops that covered them, and on their
site soon arose one of the finest business blocks in the city, estimated
to cost sixty thousand dollars in addition to the cost of the land.
When the block was finished the wholesale department of the busi-
ness was removed to the new building, leaving the retail department
to be carried on in the old store. In February, 1SG9, the retail busi-
ness was sold out to new parties, and thereafter the firm of Morgan
& Root confined itself exclusively to the wholesale trade.

That Mr. Morgan is one of the best business men of the city is
proved by the fact that he has failed in no one of his undertakings ;
not that he has always sailed on a smooth current of success, but that
when difficulties arose his indomitable perseverance enabled him to
overcome them. He engaged in no enterprise without its having
been based on good evidence and sound judgment ; he never wavered
in his adherence to it, nor slackened for a moment his endeavors to
prove his faith sound; nor has he once been disappointed as to the
result. Few men have shown a like perseverance. His habits of
keen investigation and strict attention to his atfairs, enabled him to do
a very safe, though a very enterprising business, and consequently
he had little occasion for professional acquaintance with lawyers.

In addition to his mercantile business, ^Ir. Morgan has interested
himself in insurance matters, being president of the State Fire Insur-
ance Company, of Cleveland, which position he has held since the
organization of the company in ISGo. Under his presidency the
company has done a safe and successful business, and has extended it-
operations so that it has offices in Connecticut and other parts of
New England, He is also connected with the baninkg affairs of the

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92 CLEVELASD. PAST AXD PRESEXT:

city. In tlie earlier years of his business in Cleveland, he became
interested in the construction of the canal around the rapids of Saut
St. Marie, and durin:,' tlie progress of the work had a store open at
the Sant.

In 1SG4, he built his residence on Kuclid street, near the corner of
Huntington street, where he has resided since that time. Though
sixty-two years of age, he is still as active and vigorous as ever, and
bids fair to long be an active member, in fact as well as in title, of
of the firm of Morgan S: Root.

In religious principles Mr. Morgan is a Presbyterian. For a long
time he w^as a member of the Second Presbyterian Church, but of
late has been connected with the Euclid street Presltylerian Church.

In 1832, he was married to Miss Laura Nash, of Middleford. Mass.,
by whom he has had seven children, all but one of whom still live.
The oldest son, "William Morgan, now thirty-one years old, is engaged
in the manufacture and sale of lubricating oils. The second son,
Edmund N'. Morgan, is an assistant in his father's store. A daughter,
Helen, is the wife of ]\[r. J. B. Merriam, of Cleveland.

ROBERT HANNA.

The commercial interests of Cleveland and of the Lake Superior
mineral region have for many years been intimately connected, several
of the now prominent citizens of Cleveland having been attracted to
Lake Superior by the reports of its mineral riches at tlie time those
riches were first made generally known, and Cleveland beiug found a
convenient base of supplies for the mining enterprises on the shores
of the '' father of lakes."

One of the earliest to take an interest in this trade was Kobert
Hanna. Wliilst living in Columbiana county, Ohio, where he had
been brought up, he was attracted by the representations of the
mineral riches of the far off northern lakes, and in IS^j he started olf
to see for himself what was truth in these reports, and what exaggera-
tion. Traveling and exploration in the wilds of the Lake Superior
country were very ditlicult in that day, and those who were anxious to
make a fortune out of the bowel= of the earth had to rough it, pretty

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ITS REPRRSENTATirE MEX. O.'i

much as tlie seekers of gold have to now in tlie tangled \vildenic>K
to the west of Lake Superior. Mr. Hanna spent four mouths in care-
ful exploration, and at length becoming satisfied that there was
something in the rumors of mineral riches, obtained from the depart-
ment, in whose charge the territory then was, a permit to locale three
square miles of cox)per lands. This being accomplished, he returned
to set about the organization of a company to work the prospective
mines.

Whilst at Marquette, on his return from exploring the copper
region, Mr. Hanna fell in with a man who had been exfjloring the
country back of that place, and who brought in a specimen of iron
ore which he had come across in his search. The ore was so heavv,
and apparently rich in iron, that it was taken to a blacksmith, who,
without any preparatory reduction of the ore, forged from it a rude
horseshoe. The astonishment of those hitherto unacquainted with
the existence of raw iron so nearly pure metal, can be imagined.

But Mr. Hanna's attention, like those of most of the searchers
after minerals in that region, was absorbed in copper, and as we have
seen, he located his copper tract and returned home to provide means
for working it. A company was formed, materials purchased and
miners engaged, and the work pressed forward vigorously. The ques-
tion of forwarding supplies being now an important one, Mr. Hanna
removed to Cleveland, that being the most favorable point for the
purchase and shipment of the articles needed, and opened a whole-
sale grocery establishment in 1852, combining with it a forwarding
and commission business. At that time the wholesale grocery busi-
ness was in its infancy, there being but two or three establishments
of the kind in Cleveland.

For some time after the establishment of Mr. Hanna in the whole-
sale grocery business, the carrying trade between Cleveland and
Lake Superior was mostly in the hands of the Turner Brothers, whose
one steamer, the Northerner, was able to do all the business that
offered, both in freight and passengers. Mr. Hanna's firm, then com-
posed of himself, his brother, Leonard Hanna, and H. Garretson, under
the firm name of Hanna, Garretson c^' Co., decided on the bold step
of competing for the trade by building a steamer of their own. The
City of Superior, a screw steamer, was built in Cleveland, under the
especial supervision of Dr. Leonard Hanna, and the most scrupulous
care was exercised to make her in all respects a model boat for the
trade. Great strength of hull and power of machinery were insisted
on, in order to withstand the dangers of the formidable coast when

anieefa Qbiioiq oi ou

.C> J iii J Iv

94 CLE f EI .1X1), riST .1X1) l' RES EXT:

the lierce slonns of tho Fall scuMm ri'iidi'ied uavi^'alioii hazardous.
Accommoilatiori for jias-oiif^ors dji ihc voya^'o, which took several
days for its full extent, had to l>c ])rovid('d, and ;:reat care wa- taken
in this respect to niako the voyaire as attractive as possible, attention
having been somewhat turned to the Lake Su[)erior country as a
Summer resort, where the sultry heats of the ''lower country'' could
be exchanii;ed for ])ure air and cooling breezes. When launched, the
City of Superior ])roved a complete success, and her llrst voyage up
was a perfect ovation, a new era having been opened in the history
of travel between the upi)er and middle lakes. But, unhappily, this
fine steamer was lost in a storm after a few voyages, although the
great strength of her hull kept her intact, though lying across a rock,
until she could be completely stripped of her cargo, furniture and
machinery.

No time was spent in fruitless lamentations over the destruction
of the work of which they were so proud, and about which so many
anticipations for the future had been indulged in. No sooner had the
news been confirmed, than a contract was made for the construction
•of another steamer, larger and. better in all respects than her unfor-
tunate predecessor, and the result was the Northern Light, which
proved a great favorite, and is still running. Other steamers were
chartered to run in connection with her, and their success caused
rival lines to be run, thus building up the Lake Superior trade to
dimensions exceeding the most sanguine expectations of the pioneers
in it. To this house belongs a very large share of the credit due for
bringing such an important proportion of this trade to Cleveland.
When Mr. Hanna first endeavored to interest the people of Cleveland
in Lake Superior matters, he was frequently met with inquiries as to
the whereabouts, not only of the copper region of Lake Superior, but
of Lake Superior itself, about which very confused notions existed.

The copper company organized by 3[r. PLmna expended over half
a million dollars in developing the deposit, and produced several
hundred tons of ore, but it was not a linancial success, the line copper
not being in paying proportion in the ore. xVfter a few years Mr.
Hanna sold out his interest in this company, but has retained inter-
ests in other enterprises in that region, some of which have been
very remunerative.

By the death of Dr. Leonard Hanna, and tlie withdrawal of !Mr.
Garretson, the firm of Hanna, Garretson lV: Co. became dissolved, and
was change"! to Robert Hanna & Co., the younger members of the
Hanna families taking interest in the firm. Recentlv Robert Hanna

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ITS REPRESEXTATIVE MEM. •»:,

has rotircd iVoiii active participation in its affairs, having' liiriK'^l jii-,
atfi.'iifi(>ii ill ollior directions. During the past fonr years h(i lias boon
en.i:.i-(Ml in the oil reliniiiii: business, having a refinery with a cai»;u-itv
of a Imndred ami sixty barrels a day, which has proved very surre^s-
tul. He is also president of the Cleveland Malleable Iron Works, the
lirst of the kind in this part of the country, and which at i)resent
promises well. The gentlemen associated with Mr. Hanna in this
enterprise have united with him in the determination to make it a
successful enterprise, and have such management for it that it can
scarcely fail to meet their expectations.

In ISnS, JMr. Hanna projected what resulted in the organization
and establishment of the Ohio National Bank, of Cleveland, on Jan-
uary 1st, 1S69, with an authorized capital of one million dollars, and
with a paid up capital of six hundred thousand dollars. It was or-
ganized with more especial reference to the interests of merchants,
mechanics and manufacturers, and men representing these respective
interests are the principal owners of its stock. The institution thus
far gives promise of complete success. Mr. Hanna is the president ;
A. Cobb, vice-president ; John McClj^monds, cashier.

Still in the prime of life, Mr. Hanna has the satisfaction of know-
ing that he has been very successful, has built up a large fortune for
himself and done a very important work in building up the material
interests of the city, both commercial and manufacturing. Although
well able to retire from active life, and live in ease at his fine resi-
dence on Prospect street, he prefers to do what yet lies in his power
to build up the prosperity of Cleveland still higher.

S. F. LESTER.

Samuel F. Lester was born in Albany county, Xew York, in ISIS.
His youth was spent under advantageous circumstances, and he
obtained a good education. At the age of fifteen he left the Academy
where he had been studying and entered on his commercial educa-
tion by becoming clerk in a country store, where he remained five
years. Having reached his twentieth year, he bade adieu to home,

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9t> CLEI'RI AM), nsr .LXD Fl< l.S E XT:

and came west to set- k his fortune. His lirst stay was at Clinton,
Michigan, where lie carried on bn>iiu'ss siiccessrully for three years,
and married Miss Cornelia Eliza Jirown, of Tecuniseh, daughter to
General Joseph W. J^rown, and niece of 3IaJor (general Jacob Brown,
of Browiiville, N. Y., the liero of ('hii)i)e\va, Fort Erie and Sackett's
Harbor.

At the expiration of the three years ^Ir. Lester's healtli gave way,
through his assiduous devotion to business, and he returned to Lis
father's house in Albany county, New York, remaining there a year,
unable to engage in business of any kind. For the two succeeding
years he worked on Ids father's farm, and in this way succeeded in
regaining his health.

In March, 1845, he again turned his face westward, and landed at
Cleveland, where he became a member of the firm of Hubby, Hughes
& Co., remaining in it until its dissolution. The house of Hubby,
Hughes ct Co. carried on a very extensive business on the lakes and
canal. The firm, in connection with J. C. Evans, of Butfalo, projected
the first line of propellers between Bulfalo, Cleveland and Toledo,
and the line was a decided financial success. It continued to do a
steadily increasing business until the consolidation of most of the
independent lines into the American Transportation Co.'s line. A
number of lake vessels also belonged the house, and u line of canal
boats belonging to the firm ran between Cleveland and Portsmouth,
and between Cleveland and Pittsburgh.

In connection with the firm of William A. Otis & Co., the firm
built the first elevator for railroad business in the city, the elevator,
at the foot of River street, being now occupied by W. F. Otis & Sou.
Subsequent to this the firm erected the National Mills, at the heavy
cost of seventy thousand dollars, it being then, and now, one of the
finest and most costly mills in the State of Ohio.

In 1S5S, the firm of Hubby, Hughes vt Co. was dissolved, and the
business was carried on under the firm name of Hughes c^' Letter,
which was continued successfully until 1>G2. In January of that
year, ]\[r. Lester went to New York on the business of the firm.
Whilst there he was suddenly stricken with paralysis, and lay
unknown and helpless for sometime. He was at length identified
and cared for, but for a long time was in great danger, and for a still
longer time utterlv unable to do business of any kind. His serious
and continued illness necessitated the lireaking up of the firm, and
accordingly on the first of January, lSti-5, the lirm of Hughes cV: Lester
was dissolved. On the following March, his health having been

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ITS REPRESESTATH'E ME\. «»7

partially restored, Mr. Lester once more entered into bu.sinc>s, opi'ij-
in"- a prodiH-e conunission warehouse, and meeting with succes-..

It is the just pride of 3Ir. Lester that he has always escai)e(l liii-a
tion. It is also a fact worthy of notice and imitation, tliat Mr. Lc-^tfr
has always given strict personal attention to all the details of hi>
business, knowing tlieui all from the cellar to the countiii^rrooiu, in
the latter of which places he is most thoroughly at home.

Mr. Lester was one of the original stockholders of the Commercial
Insurance Company, and a director and member of the executive
committee for several years. He has twice been elected Commi>-
sioner of Water Works. Mr. Lester has, all through his commercial
life, enjoyed to an unusual degree, the confidence and esteem of his
fellow citizens.

ALYA BRADLEY.

To the very many who see for the first time the name of Alva
Bradley, the question will naturally arise, "Who is he?'- and some
wonder may be expressed at finding a name so little known to the
general public on the list of those who have contributed largely to
the commercial prosperity of Cleveland. And yet Alva Bradley i.s
one of the largest shipowners of the city, and his name is well enough
known among those interested in the shipping of the western lakes.
That he is no better known outside of his peculiar circle of business
men is owing solely to his modest and unostentatious character, he
preferring to pursue the even tenor of his way and confine himself
strictly to his own aiTairs.

Captain Bradley was born in Connecticut in the year 1814, and
lived in that vState until his ninth year. Then his father emigrated
to Ohio, taking his family with him, and settled in Lorain county.
Young Bradley had few advantages in early life. He earned his first
pair of boots by chopping woo<l. and when the first suspen<lers,
knitted by his mother, were worn out, the next pair were paid for by
chopping hoop-poles.

Until his twentv-first vear he worked with his father on a farm, and

hnn ,jffniil c no

YajGAr k

^8 CLEJEL.lXl), PAST AXh PUl-SF.XT:

and then left to seek his fortune in the \v()rl<l. with all his efiects
carried under his arm, \vrni»i)ed in a cotton liandkerchief. His first
entry on independent life was as a deck-hand, l-efore the mast of the
schooner Lil^erty. In that capacity he remained two years, and then,
having acquired a good knowledge of seamanship, was made mate,
holding that rank two years. In IS^JU, he rose a step higher, and for
two seasons was master of the Commodore Lawrence.

Captain Bradley now commenced his career as an owner as well as
master of vessels. In 1S41, he had built U>v Jiim, in company with 3Ir.
A. Cobb, then a merchant at Birminghan?, Ohio, the schooner South
America, of lOi tons. When she was completed he took command
of her and sailed her for three seasons. In 1S44, in company with
Mr. Cobb, he had built the schooner Birmingham, of 135 tons burden,
and taking command of her himself, sailed her three years. In 1S4S,
the same parties built the Ellington, of 185 tons, which Capt. Bradley
sailed for one year. The following year he shii'ted his command to
the propeller Indiana, 350 tons burden, which he and his associate.
Mr. Cobb, had built for the Buftalo and Chicago trade. Capt. Bradley
ran her himself three years and then returned to a sailing ves-el.
having late in the season of 1S52, turned off the stocks a smart new
schooner, the Oregon, of 190 tons burden, which he ran to the end of
her first season, and then bade adieu to sea-faring life. During his
many years' life on tlie lakes, in various craft and under all kinds of
circumstances, it is remarkable that he never met with a serious
casualty; he w*as enterprising, active, vigorous in mind and body; a
prudent business man and at the same time a thorough sailor.

In the spring of 1853, he resumed his work of increasing his lake
navy by building the Challenge, of 238 tons, followed by one or
more vessels yearly. In 1854 was built the Bay City, 100 tons : in
1855 the C. C. Griswold, 359 tons ; in 1856 the schooners Queen Cit}-,
368 tons, and Wellington, 300 tons ; in 1858 the schooner Exchange.
300 tons. At this point he rested three years and then resumed
work.

In 18G1 was built, in company with other parties, the S. II. Kimball,
418 tons; in ls63 the Wagstalf, 412 tons ; in 1^04 the J. F: Card, 370
tons; in 1^^()5 the schooner Escanaba, 508 tons; in 18()0-7, the schooner
Negaunee, S50 tons, a splendid vessel, costing over .'8.52,000, which has
been running in the Lake Superior iron ore trade, and wliich has
proved a very profitable investment; in 1808 he built the scliooner
Fayette Brown, 713 tons, and the tug W. Cushing, for harbor towing ;
in 1MJ9 the S. F. Tilden, 1,000 tons, was launched from the yard of

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(^iMvlf iV Martin, completing the list of vessels built by or for Ciii.tniii
i:r.t.I!««v. MKiking a list of nineteen vessels, and a tuL^ besides ;i nmn-
Imt of vt'.-sels purchased. The jjresent fleet is composed ofnint-
v«'»<tds, with an aggregate tonnage of nearly live thousand tons,
l.r-j.lrH two tugs, one plying in Cleveland harljor and the oIIkt. in
uhirh he has half interest, at the Sault.

Th<' record of the vessels built for Captain Bradley, ami flicir
n'>p«M-tivo tonnage, given above, shows at a glance the gradual
ilrvt'IopMient of the lake shipping commerce. TJie first of his licet,
t!if South America, lOi tons, built in 1S41, was a very respectable
rr.-ift in her day. From that time there was a steady increase in tlie
tosinage of tlie vessels built, until it culminates in the S. F. Tilden,
with carrying capacity of a thousand tons burden, but just launched
from the stocks.

Though owning at one time or another such a large fleet of vessels,
the casualties to them were very few, and the enterprise has proved
Kteadily remunerative. The schr. Dayton, Maria Cobb, Oregon.
South America, and Queen City, is the complete list of vessels lost.

Thotigji shipping absorbed the greater portion of Captain Bradley's
attention, his interest was not wholly confined to this branch of
bu'iincss. His time, means, and energy were largely employed in
the manufacture of iron, and in other commercial interests. It is his
pride that though so largely interested in business of ditTerent kinds,
he has had but one case of litigation, and that with an insurance
company. His record needs no eulogy; it speaks for itself as the
record of a man of energy, enterprise and prudence.

Captain Bradley's health had for some years not been good, but
is now improving, and there is a reasonable prospect that one who
has done so much to develop the shipping interest of the port will
live for some time yet to enjoy the fruits of his energy and industry.

Mr. Bradley was married in August, 1849, to Ellen Burgess, of
Milan, Ohio, who is still living. Of the marriage, four children have
been born, three girls and one boy.

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CI.l.n:[..l\l), PAST AM) FRi:SEXT

WELLINGTON P COOKE.

The history of W. I*. Cooke is an instance of what can be accom-
plished under the most adverse circunistan<-es, wlien to persistent
energy and laudalde ambition are added the patience and faith born
of religious training.

The parents of Mr. Cooke were pioneer settlers in Otsego county,
New York, where his father died whilst Wellington was quite a small
boy. His mother removed to a still newer country, Macomb county,
Michigan, and there died, leaving the lad to fight his own way
through the world without the advantages of either money or educa-
tion. In the year 1S3S, being then but thirteen years old, he became
a printer's apprentice. Subsequently he removed to Chagrin Falls,
Ohio, where lie secured some educational privileges at a seminary,
obtaining the money for his necessary expenses by working early in
the morning, at night, and on Saturday. He found employment in
the village and among the neighboring farmers. But with all his
efforts his lot was a hard one. He often needed the necessaries,
to say nothing of the comforts of life, frequently making his morning
and evening meal out of potatoes and salt, the former being of his
own cooking, as he boarded himself These articles were purchased
in many instances by money received for sawing wood on the school
holiday of Saturday.

In 1843, he came to Cleveland, tramping in from Chagrin Falls on
foot, and having half a dollar as his sole capital with which to com-
mence life in the city. His first attempt to gain work was in a print-
ing office, where he succeeded in getting a case, receiving his pay,
according to the custom of the times, in orders on grocery and cloth-
ing stores. After this he was foreman and compositor in the office of
a monthly publication, called the Farmers' Journal, where he con-
tinued to devote his spare time to reading and study. Subsequently
he became a clerk in a grocery store at a salary of ninety-six dollars
a year. With this small sum he not only supported himself, l)ut gave
pecuniary aid to a sister, and something to the church.

In 1S4S, he obtained an interest in the business, and the partner-
ship thus continued for three years. PJis reputation as a moral and
religious man, together with a great spirit of enterprise, rapidly

Yd «)e>8nO<!70

10 •riiiio snJ rrnaj-

1''"*°*^

ITS REPRESENTATirE MEX. 101

enlar"c<l hii^ business, and pointed out new channols lor nmney-

makiiii:.

In IS'A lie disposed of the grocery business, and directed his

whole cllorts to the hide and leather trade. In this he showed much

jud-rujcut, lor the business he selected has proved to be one of the

nio^t exieiisive and profitable of the West. A nephew, since deceased,

about this time became a partner. The premises occupied became

too small, and a lot on Water street was purchased, where a tine store

was erected, which is the present place of business.

The firm, which for some time existed as W. P. Cooke Sc Co., has
been changed to Cooke & Denison, the junior partner being a former
clerk, and under that name it is well known throughout the country,
and especially in the West, as one of the largest establishments in
the West dealing in leather, hides, wool, pelts and oil.

Mr. Cooke joined the Methodist Church at a very early age, and to
the religious influences with which he was thus surrounded, he attri-
butes much of his success in life. As a Church-member he was led
to avoid all places of doubtful morality, and thus escaped the temp-
tations and vices which destroy so many young men. He has always
been strictly temperate, and does not use tobacco in any form. He
is now prominently connected with the First Methodist Episcopal
Church of Cleveland, and is noted as a zealous laborer in the Sunday
School cause.

Mr. Cooke's religion is not of that kind that is left in the church
pew on Sunday night, to remain undisturbed until the next Sunday
morning, but is carried into all his. relations of life and influences all
his movements. The principles of justice and charity taught by the
Christian faith are by him carried into his business dealings and social
relations. Strictly just in business transactions, liberal in his chari-
ties to worthy objects, and generous to the church, he exemplifles in
his life the fact that true Christian principles are not incompatible
with strict business habits, and conduce to commercial success.
Remembering his early difliculties, he takes particular interest in
young men, sympathizing with them in their struggles, and aiding
them with counsel and timely assistance where needed.

H{nTfUi mni^il .asffi gnuo'

:o£ 01

102 cLEiiii. isi), I'.isr .1X1) ruEsExr

11 1 1{ A II (i A R R Iv T S 0 i\

Tho linn of ILuina, rjurretsoii & Co. lias already been mentioned.
The second member of tlie lirm, while it existed nnder that name,
Iliram Garretson, came like tho others from Columbiana county,
where he had been brought up, although not a native of the county.
Mr. Garretson was born in York county, Pennsylvania, his parents
being respectable members of the Society of Friends. When he was
very young the family removed to Columbiana county, Ohio, where
the senior Garretson opened a country store in New Lisbon, Hiram
was sent to school, receiving a good district school education, and
was then taken into his father's store as clerk, in which occupation
he remained until he was nineteen years old. At that age he left
home and engaged in trade on the rivers, taking charge of a trading
boat running from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. This class of boats has
not yet entirely passed away from the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
The villages along the river banks were small and badly supplied
with stores, depending mainly for their supplies on the coasting boats.
These are rudely constructed craft, well stocked Vvith merchandise of
all kinds, that drop leisurely down the river, tying up at every villaire
or place where there is probability of a trade, and remaining there as
long as the stay can be made profitable, then passing on to the next.
When New Orleans has at last been reached, the boat is sold to be
broken up for its materials, and the trader returns by steamer to get
ready for another voyage down. It was in business of this descrip-
tion that Mr, Garretson engaged for a time, and in his voyages down
the river and dealings Avith all sorts of people in different States, he
acquired a valuable knowledge of business and men that has stood
him since in good stead.

At length he tired of th?s kind of trading and returned to New-
Lisbon, and carried on a moderately successful business until the
Winter of 1S51. At tliat time a marked change came over the for-
tunes of New Lisbon. Up to that period it had been a tlourishing
business place, its advantages of location on the canal in a fertile
district, making it one of the best places of trade in that portion oi
the State, But the construction of Fort Wayne and Cleveland and
Pittsburgh Railroads ellected a irreat and disadvantageous change in

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77^5 REFRESEXTATIl'E MEW \(y.\

the iHisiiio.ss of New Lisbon. Tlie Fort Vv^iyne road pa.-.-.Ml it a ii-w
miles north, and the Cleveland and Pittsburgh road ran about an ecinal
ilisfanei' west. Thus New Lisbon was cut oil' from all the «;oinniorcial
cities, and found its sources of supply tapped at every point bv the
railroads. Idealizing the late that had o\ertaken the i(jwn, Mr.
Garretson, at the opening of the year 1S52, closed up his allairs in
Columbiana county and removed to Cleveland. There he became
associated in business with 3Iessrs. Leonard and Robert Uanna, and
the firm of Hanna, Garretson ct Co. was established.

The successful operations of that firm have already been chroni-
cled in these pages, and it only remains in this place to note the fact,
that to the success achieved, the energy and uprightness of Mr.
Garretson contrilnited in full proportion. The partnership lasted
nine years.

On its dissolution 3Ir. (iarretson established the house of II. Gar-
retson (t Co., on Water street, with a shipping house on the river.
The business of the new firm was exactly similar to that of the old
one, including a wholesale grocery trade, with a Lake Superior com-
mission and shipping business. A line of fine steamers was run to
Lake Superior, and the high reputation Mr. Garretson enjoyed among
the people of that section of country, enabled him to build up a very
large business in supplying their wants. In addition, the new firm
found customers rapidly increasing in northern and western Ohio, in
Michigan, and in other adjoining States. The operations of the firm
extended rapidly until it stood, at the close of the year 1SG7, among
the very foremost in the amount of its annual sales, whilst the busi-
ness was eminently a safe and solidly successful one.

On the first of November, 1S6T, Mr, Garretson sold out his whole-
sale grocery business, and thus closed a mercantile career extending
in this city over sixteen years. His attention was then turned to
banking. No sooner had he retired from mercantile life than he pro-
jected and organized the Cleveland Banking Company, which went
into operation under his presidency February 1st, 186S, with a capital
of three hundred and twenty-live thousand dollars. It immediately
found all the business it was able to do, and under the skillful
management of Mr. Garretson it has become one of the most reliable
and important financial institutions of the city.

It can truthfully be said of Mr. Garretson, that his success in busi-
ness has been owing not more to his shrewdness and foresight than
to his mercantile honor and social qualities. He made personal friends
of his business customers, and by courteous attention, as well as by

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104 CLEl'EI AXD, PAST AXD PRES/XT:

scrupulous rejrard for their inleresis, rctaiiieil their good will and
secured their cuj^toni. In all the relations of business and social life,
Mr. Garretson has uniformly borne hitnself in such manner as to win
the respect and conlidcnce of those brought into contact with him.

JOHN BARR.

John Barr was born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, (now
Mahoning,) Ohio, June 2Gth, ISO-t. His ancestors, on both sides, were
from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, though on his lather's
side they originally came from the north of England, in the da3's of
William Penn ; and his mother's, from Germany.

His grandfather, Alexander Barr, was killed by the Indians, in
17S5, on the Miami, a short distance below, wdiere Hamilton, in Butler
county, now stands. His parents removed from Westmoreland county,
Pa., to Youngstown, in ISOO ; and his father settled as the Presby-
terian pastor of a church in that place, and resided there till 1S20,
when he removed to Wooster, Wayne county, in this State. The
subject of this sketch was raised on a farm, literally in the woods,
and experienced the nsual privations and vicissitudes attendant on
pioneer life. The new country and poverty of his parents prevented
his receiving a common English education, and it was not until after
he was of age that he mastered Murray's syntax and Daboll's
arithmetic.

On leaving home in 1825, he repaired to the Ohio canal, (then in
process of construction,) where he labored for two years, at various
points between Boston and Tinker's creek; where, with hundreds of
others, he was prostrated by the malaria of that unhealthy valley.

In 1828, he settled in Cleveland, and acted as deputy for the late
Edward Baldwin, sherilF. He took the census of the county in 1830,
and was elected sheriff that year, which oflice he held till 1831,
Cleveland city at that time, contained one thousand and seventy-one
inhabitants ; its northern boundary was the lake, Erie street on the
east, and the Cuyahoga river on the west.

. In 1835, when the idea of connecting Cleveland with other places
by means of railroads, was conceived by John W. Willey, James S.

ns REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 105

Clarke, T. V. Handy, Edmund Clark, R. Hilliard, C. M. (Jidini^s, II.
\i. TaviK', .\n>ron Ilaydn, H. Canlield and otliers, Mr. Barr joined in
jind <|>ent a good deal of time in furthering the project. Late in the
Kali of lliat year, he visited Cincinnati, distributing petitions along
the line of a proposed route to Cincinnati from Cleveland, and ^)cni
most of the Winter at Columbus, during the session of the Legisla-
ture. A charter for that road, and one for a road to Pittsburgh, being
granted, Mr. Barr brought the first copies of them, duly certified
under the seal of the State, to this city.

During 1836 and 7, Mr. Barr devoted a good deal of time in collect-
ing statistics of this port, the business of the city, its population. <S:c.,
vVrc, and also of the west generally, and laying them before the
ptildic in the papers of Philadelphia and other eastern cities. In
«'omi)any with Mr. Willey and the late Governor Tod, he visited
Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston, endeavoring to enlist
tlic attention of capitalists to aid in those enterprises. But the crash
of 1S.']7, and the general prostration of business, that followed all
over tlie country, rendered it unavailing. In the Winter of 183S, Mr.
(lidings, S. Starkweather, Frederick Whittlesey. Wm. B. Lloyd and Mr.
Barr were appointed a committee to attend a railroad convention at
Harrisburgh, Pa., to promote the project of the railroad from Cleve-
land to Philadelphia, by way of Pittsburgh. In 1S3S and 9, at the
request of John W. Willey, he still spent much of his time in sending
a series of articles on the importance of the project, that were pub-
lished monthly in the North American, a paper in Philadelphia
devoted to such projects.

Through the disastrous state of the times, these various measures
had to yield, and become, for the time being, failures ; but time has
shown that those who were engaged in them were only in advance
of the spirit and means of the age.

In 18-1:4, when this subject again arrested the attention of the
Cleveland public, Mr. Barr, although crushed by the storm of l>o7,
again resumed the sulgeci with his pen, and gave to the public in the
National Magazine, published in New York, quite a history of the
city, its early settlement, &c., together with a full description of the
shipping on their lakes, tonnage, trade, itc, that cost weeks of hard
labor and patience, more particularly to place our city in a favorable
view before the eastern public.

In 1840, a friend of Mr. B. sent him a petition to circulate and send
to the lion. Thomas Corwin, one of Ohio's Senators, asking Congress
for aid to survey and establish a railroad to the Pacific.

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100 CLKl'hl.lM), 1\LSJ^ AND I'RI.SEXT:

In eirculalinc: this petition, Mr. Burr was gravely inquired of by
one of our citizens, '"if he expected to live to see such a road built f"
Mr. Barr replied, ''if he should live to the usual age of men, he did
expect to see it commenced, and perluips built." The reply was, ''If
you do, you will be an older man than Methusalah I" Both have
lived to know that great work has been achieved.

Mr. Barr procured over six hundred names to his petition, which
was duly presented by 3Ir. Corwin, Cleveland has now reason to be
proud of the interests she manifested in that great work, at so early
a day.

In 1857, Mr. Barr brought the first petroleum to this city, made
from cannel coal, to be used as a source of light. This was new and
regarded as Utopian. The article was very odorous, and failed to be
acceptable to the public, but as time rolled on, improvements in
refining were made, and now the largest manufacturing business in
our city is that of petroleum.

Few, if any, of citizens have spent more time and pains in collect-
ing and giving to the public reminiscences of early days and early
settlers — those who located in this region, and who under such
privations, trials, hardships and sufferings commenced levelling these
mighty forests, erecting log cabins, and in due time made this formi-
dable wilderness " bud and blossom as the rose." In that respect
Mr. Barr has done much to preserve and lay before the public from
time to time, brief histories of many of those brave men and women
who left their homes and friends in the east, and comparative com-
forts, to settle in the western wilderness, to build up homes for their
children and future generations. Howe's history of Ohio, and Col.
Chas. Whittlesey's history of the city of Cleveland, bear witness that
his generous heart and gifted pen have furnished tributes of re^pect
to the memory of the noble pioneers, after the battle of life with
them was over, and thus supplying links to our historic chain that
makes it comparatively perfect.

Among the many reminiscences of early times related to us by .Mr.
Barr, there is one we cannot deny ourselves the pleasure of relating,
and preserving: William Coleman, Esq., came to Euclid in 1h»;J.
selected a lot of land and with his family settled upon it in lMi4.
For several years the few settlers experienced a good deal of incon-
venience in having only the wild game of the country for meat, and
which, at certain seasons of the year, was unfit for the table. In the
Spring the streams that put into the lake abounded with excellent
fish, and the season lasted about four weeks. The question arose,

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/7\V REPRESESTATIVE MEX. 107

''could those lish be preserved in salt for future use^" Tlic uiiivrrsul
answer was No! The idea of ijreserving fresh water lish in salt
seeiued incri'dible; the red man was appealed to, but he shook his
head in c.nieinpt at the idea, and in broken English said, '*put him
on pole, dry him over smoke." One Spring Mr. Coleman repairt-d lo
Ivocky Kivcr, famous lor its line pike and pickerel, and laid in his
stock, carefully laid them down in salt, which cost him over thirty
dollars a barrel, (at a great risk, as his neighbors thought,) and
watched them carefully from time to time till harvest. Much to his
own and his neighl)ors' satisfaction, he found it a success, and proved
not only a happy change of diet for health, but also a luxury, un-
known before. From this circumstance, small at that time, originated
a new source of comfort, which proved, in time, a mine of wealth to
the West, and a luxury to the persons who located in the interior of
the State. Well was it said by the school boy of Massachusetts about
those days, ''Tall oaks from little acorns grow, large streams from
little fountains How."

Mr. Barr says he made this circumstance a matter of much research
and inquiry, and fully believes that to William Coleman belongs the
credit for so useful and important a discovery.

J. B. COBB.

The oldest bookselling house in Cleveland is that of the Cobbs,
now existing under the firm name of Cobb, AndreAvs it Co. It has
grown with the growth of the city, from a small concern where a few
books and a limited stock of stationery were kept as adjuncts to a job
printing otlice, to a large establishment doing an extensive business
throughout the northern half of Ohio and north-western Pennsylvana,
and in parts of Michigan and Indiana, and which has planted in
Chicago a branch that has grown to be equal in importance with the
parent establishment. Through hnancial storm and sunshine this
house has steadily grown, without a mishap, and now ranks as one ot
the most important and staunchest business houses in the city.

The head of the iirm, Junius Brutus Cobb, was born in 1S22,

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10 yiit) r

108 CLEIEIAXD, PAST A S D PRESEXT.

received a good common scliool education, and was then sent tolearu
the trade of a cal)iriet-makcr. When his apprenticeship expired he
worked for a short time as a journeyman, but was dissatisfied with
the trade, and for a year or two tau-ht school. In 1S42, he decided
to try his fortune in the West, and reached Clevehnid. where he found
employment as clerk in the store of M. C. Younglove. Mr. Young-
love was then doing a job printing business, and kept in addition a
stock of books and stationery. Opportunity sometime after offering,
two younger brothers of Mr. Cob!) followed him, and were employed
by Mr. Younglove. In 1S4S, the three brothers united in the purchase
of an interest in the establishment, and the firm of M. C. Younglove
<fc Co. was formed, the store being located in the American House
building. Here the firm remained some years, the book trade steadily
increasing, until the old quarters were too strait for its accommo-
dation.

In April, 1852, Mr. Younglove parted with his entire interest in
the concern to his partners, and the firm name of J. B. Cobb it Co.
was adopted. Before this the printing department had been aban-
doned, and the concern was run as a book and stationery store, with
a bindery attached. The old store being too small, new and more
commodious quarters were found further up Superior street on the
opposite side, and with the change the business increased with greater
rapidity than previously.

In February, 1864, it was decided to open a similar house in
Chicago. A store was engaged, and Mr. J. B. Cobb went up to open
it, taking with him a relative of the lirm who had formerly been their
clerk, Mr. Daniel Prltchard. The business of the new establishment
instantly became large and remunerative, the jobbing trade com-
mencing auspiciously, and rapidly increasing to extensive dimensions.
At the same time the parent house in Cleveland added a wholesale
department to its former retail trade, and this grew rapidly, the need
of such an establishment being keenly felt by the numerous .mall
stores throughout the country that had hitherto been dependent on
Cincinnati or the dealers at the East. The rapid growth of business
in the two e -^tablishments necessitated a new arrangement of the firm,
and Cobb, Pritchard iJc Co. took charge of the Chicago house, whil-t
Cobb, Andrews & Co. manage the Cleveland establishment. The
latter firm was made by the accession of Mr. Theodore A. Andrew>.
who had been brought up as a clerk in the house, taking his place as
a partner in April, 1805. Mr. J. B. Cobb took up his residence in
Chicago, leaving his brothers, C. C. and B. J., in Cleveland.

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Tlu' <'ulil):^ liave maintained for themselves a higli reputation for
llon»■^lv. fair <loaling, and courtesy in business, and in this way have
sooun-.l pru-^jierity. The trade that, when they first took it, amounted
to al.nui Ni.'.XO^^^ i-^ year, liad grown, in ISCs, to over §200.000. Tlie
(lualitii's that gained for the head of the firm so many valuable
liu>in<--> iriorids, was shared in by his brothers, and these again
inipr«*>-«'tl tliem on the young men brought up under their control.
Th«' ri'Miil is seen in the large number of customers frequenting the
storo tlaily, and in the extensive wholesale trade done.

A. G. COLWELL.

ilr. Colwell is a native of Madison county, New York, and came to
Cleveland in 1852, soon after the opening of the different railroads
liad given the citj' an important start in the road to prosperity. Mr.
Colwell immediately engaged in the hardware trade, on Ontario
street, where he has continued to the present day. As the city grew
in size, and its area of commerce extended, the business of Mr. Col-
well steadily increased. The retail trade gradually developed into
wholesale, and this grew into important proportions, pushing its
ramifications through northern Ohio, Michigan, and northwestern
Pennsylvania.

Mr. Colwell has attended closeh" to his business, taking no other
interest in public afiairs than is the duty of every good citizen. But
whilst carefully conducting his business he has found time for the
gratification of a cultivated taste in literature, and has taken pleasure
in participating in every movement designed to foster a similar taste
in others. In a recent tour in Europe, undertaken for the benefit of
his health, he visited the principal points of literary and artistic
interest, and brought back with him many rare and curious souve-
nirs of travel.

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110 CLErEl.AXb, I'IST AMI I'HESEST:

W I li 1. 1 A M IJ ! N (; 1! A M .

Whilst few men, if tliere are any, in tlie city of Cleveland are more
highly respected than William Bingham, there are none less desirons
of notoriety in any form. To do liis duty to himself, his family, and
his fellow men, and to do it quietly and unobtrusively, is the extent
of Mr. Bingham's ambition, so far as can be judged l)y the whole tenor
of his life. Did the niatter rest with him, no notice of him would
have appeared in this work; l)iit to omit him would be a manifest
injustice, and vrould at the same time render the volume imperfect.

Mr. Bingham is a native of Andover, Connecticut, and on his arrival
here from the East, became a clerk in George Worthington's hard-
ware store. After a few years' service in this capacity he set up in
the same line for himself, and for about a quarter of a century
has carried on business with marked success. The operations of
the firm of William Bingham <Sc Co., though at first small, have
grown to large proportions, and Mr. Bingham has grown rich, not
through lucky operations, but by steady, persistent application to
business, aided by sound judgment and powerful v.ill. In addition to
his hardware business, he is interested with Mr. Worthington in the
Iron and Nail w^orks, and has furnace interests in the Mahoning
Valley.

In all his dealings, commercial or otherwise, he has been strictly
conscientious, and this has secured for him the esteem of all with
whom he has come in contact, and the respect and contitlence of the
general public. His word is inviolable, and no one has ever uttered
a whisper against his unsullied integrity. In all works of genuine
charity his aid is efHcaciously, though unobtrusively given, whenever
required. To the young men in his employ he is as much a father in
his care of their interests and conduct, as he is an employer.

In politics Mr. Bingham has steadily acted with the Kepublican
party, but he is in no degree a politician. He has been chosen by
the people to places of municipal trust, but always without any de>ire
on his part, and solely because those selecting him considered his
services would lie valuable to the city ; and whenever selected as a
candidate he has been elected, the opi)Osing party having full conii-

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEX. Ill

arrw-o HI h\^ ability and integrity. In his case, the place invarial.ly
Mii5-},t 111.' iiiiin, and not the man the place; and it has always been
uith i;r.-.it rritiotance, and because it seemed the good of the ])eople
rr.j'MrcI jl, that he consented to hold public ofllce. It wf.iild be
hi'Urr lor tlic people were there more men like William Bingham,
and *u!!i.ient wisdom among political managers to invoke their
-crv!.-.'. on behalf of the public.

WILLIAM J. GORDON.

A history of the leading commercial men of Cleveland, with no
in.Titi.Mi of W. J. Gordon, would be not much unlike the play of
iiainlct with the part of the Danish prince omitted. Few men in the
riiy have occupied so prominent a position in its mercantile history
as has Mr. Gordon; but, from a natural distaste of public notice of
any kin.l. on the part of Mr. Gordon, we are comparatively without
«!aia, and obliged to depend upon what we know of his history in
poneral.

Mr. Gordon was brought up on a New Jersey farm, on which the
battle of Monmouth was fought, and that had remained for genera-
♦ions, and still is, in the possession of his family. His earliest
recollections w^ere of rural life, its boyish enjoyments and boyish
tasks. He obtained a good common school education, such as could
be obtained in that neighborhood. Whilst yet a lad he manifested a
•'Strong taste for business pursuits ; and to gratify and develop that
taste he was sent to New York, where he became a clerk.

But, young as he was, he reasoned that there was a better chance
for a successful struggle in the new West than in the already crowded
marts of the -East, and that for the young man of energy and enter-
prise, there was every prospect of achieving distinction and fortune
in assisting to build up the business of the new western cities. With
this impression he bade adieu to New York in ls3S, and started
westward on a tour of observation, he beinir then in his twentieth
year. He reached Erie without stopping, and remained there for
i^ome time, carefully observing its commercial facilities and its pros-

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11-2 CLEn:i..lM), I'ASr JXD FRKSKXT:

pects for the future. Not altoi^ether satisfied witli these, he moved
farther west, and made l»i- next stay in Cleveland. Here he speedily
became convinced tliat a ;;reai future was before that city, and he
determined to remain and share in its benelits. A whosesale grocery
establishment was opened, small at lirst, as suited his means and the
limited requirements of the place, but which more than kept pace
with the progress of the city.

Mr, Gordon believed that to shrewdness and persistence all things
are possible. His constant endeavor was to discover new avenue? of
trade, or new modes of doing business, and then to utilize his discov-
eries to the full extent, by persistent energy and unwearied industry.
He was always on the alert to lind a new customer for his wares, and
to discover a cheaper place to purchase his stock, or a better way of
bringing them home. Whilst thus securing unusual advantages in
supplying himself with goods, Mr. Gordon was losing no opportunity'
of pushing his business among the buyers. His agents were diligenth-
scouring the country, looking up new customers, and carefull)'
observing the operations of old customers, to ascertain how their
trade could best be stimulated and developed, to the mutual protit of
the retailer and the wholesale dealer from whom he obtained his
supplies. Men of pushing character and large business acquaintance
were sought out and engaged, that they might aid in developing the
business of the establishment. As these withdrew, to set up in
business for themselves, others took their place. It is a noticable
fact that no house has sent out more young men who have achieved
success for themselves ; and that success was undoubtedly in large
measure due to the training received under Mr. (Jordon.

He tolerated no sluggards around his estal)lishnient. A hard
worker himself, those around him were stimulated to hard work. He
was at the warehouse with the earliest clerk and left it with the
latest. He demanded untlagging industry from his employees, but
asked no more than he manifested himself It was through this per-
sistent energy that he achieved success where others migiit have
failed.

When Mr. Gordon's capital had increased to such an extent as to
warrant his employment of some of the surplus in investnient out-
side of his regular business, he made some highly proli table opera-
tions of this kind. Among them was his uniting with some others ol'
like foresight in the purchase of a tract of mineral land on Lake
Superior, and the formation of iron mining companies which, though
not immediately profitable, eventually yielded an enormous percent-

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ap:c on thf ori^^'inul outlay, and bids fair to be equally profit al)lo for
many y»>;irs to come, besides beiny; a source of immense wealtli t(»
tlu .ity.

In 1^.'»7, Mr. (Jordon's health failed, and since that time he lias paid
but little jiorsonal attention to business; but by an extended tour to
Kuropo, it has been in a great measure restored, and being still in flit-
meridian of lift', he has the prospect, unless some mishap occurs, of
long enjoying the fruits of his far-sighted intelligence and un\veaiie<l
industry.

HENRY WICK.

Lemuel Wick, the father of Henry, was among the early settlers of
Youngstown. The Rev. William Wick, his uncle, preached from
time to time as a missionary of the Presbyterian church,- in the
settlements on the border of Pennsylvania and Ohio, as early as 177D.
Henry's father was a merchant, in whose store he became a clerk, ot
the age of fifteen. At twenty-one he engaged in the project of a
rolling-mill at Youngstown, which proved successful. In company
with a brother, his fathers interest in the store was purchased, and,
having a successful future in prospect, Mr. Wick married, about that
time, Miss Mary Hine, of Youngstown, whose father was a prominent
lawyer of that place. In ISiS, he became a citizen of Cleveland,
disposing of the rolling mill to Brown, Bonnell <t Co., who have since
become leading iron men of the Mahoning Valley.

After a few years of mercantile business at Cleveland, the banking
house of Wick, Otis tfc BrownoU was formed, and was successfully
managed for two years, when the l)rothers Wick purchased the
interest of the other partners, and continued together until ISoT,
when the firm name was changed to Henry & A. H. Wick, father and
son, and has thus continued until the present time.

Mr. Wick is a man of more than ordinary business ability, and has,
throughout his long commercial life, so directed his talent as to
preserve an unsullied character, and enjoy the unlimited coniidence
of his fellow citizens, in addition to a handsome competence. Spec-
ulations were always avoided by him, because he believed that, in a

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114 CLEIELASD, PAST AND PRESEXT:

young and healthy country like this, men may accumulate property
fast enough in the legitimate cliannels of trade, coupled with
frugality, temperance and industry. Many of his employees, by
following his example, have become eminently successful in business.
Mr. \Vick was born February 2Sth, 1807, and, consequently, is in
his sixty-third year, although he has lost little of the elasticity of his
step or his business faculty.

■^.■♦^E»»-a»

WILLIAM EDWARDS.

The firm of Edwards, Townsend & Co. now ranks among the lade-
ing houses in the city, doing an enormous business, and respected
everywhere for its enterprise and integrity. The head of the firm,
William Edwards, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, June Cth,
1831. At the age of fifteen he entered mercantile life as a clerk, and
remained in that position in Springfield six years. In 1852, he came
to Cleveland, that year having brought many New Englanders here
on account of the recent opening of the railroads. His first year was
spent in clerking for W. J. Gordon, who then had by far the most
important wholesale grocery establishment in the city.

At the end of the year Mr. Edwards, having two thousand five
hundred dollars capital, resolved on setting up a jobbing grocery
establishment for himself, and in company with ^Mr. Treat, opened a
store on Canal street, doing business in a small way, and being their
own accountants, salesmen and porters. The first year's business
footed up sales to the amount of thirtj'-seven thousand dollars only,
but the young firm was not discouraged. The next year opened with
brighter prospects. The first year's customers were pleased witli the
firm, and satisfied that they were honest, as well as active and ener-
getic, they returned to buy again and brought new customers. Orders
came in rapidly, and by the middle of the tliird year the sales had
grown to the rate of sixty thousand dollars per year. At that point
Mr. Edwards purchased the interest of his partner and looked about
for a new associate in business.

Mr. Hiram Iddings, of Trumbull county, became partner, and with
his accession the business increased more rapidly than before. Both

■•0hi sM nl- Iff-

■ ■Cf) K

IIS RKrRKSEXT.lTiri: MEN. 115

ineinl)ers of tlio firm used every honorable means to push their
hii<iiH'ss. and with almost unvarying success. New fields were sou'dil
out and the old ones carefully canvassed. As before nearlv everv
new customer became a eoustant purchaser, bein;; thorcui^hlv satis-
fied with the treatment received, and new customers were added.
'J'iic territory served widened, and the reputation of the house for
enterprise and fair dealing- s])read. In 1S02, the <ales had grown to
two hundred and forty thousand dollars. j\Iore aid was necessarv to
attend to the business of the lirm, and on the lirst of October, in that
year, Mr. Amos Touiisend was added to the firm, which then became
Edwards, Iddings & Co. A year from that time 31r. Iddings died, and
on the first of January, 1S64, a change was made in the title of the
firm to Edwards, Tow^nsend d- Co., Mr. J. B. Parsons being admitted
as the third partner. Under that title and organization it still
continues.

The business of tlie lirm has kept fully abreast with the proirress
of the city. The members are shrewd, enterprising, always on the
lookout lor new openings for trade, and ready to take instant advan-
tage of them. They each have a happy faculty of making friends,
and still happier faculty of retaining them. The proof of this is seen
in the increasing sales, which now amount to one million dollars a
year, the customers being scattered through northern Ohio. Pemisvl-
vania, and a portion of Michigan. Their extensive stores on Water
street are constantly busy with customers and with the receipt and
shipment of goods.

Mr. Edwards has attained prosperity, not by the favor of others,
but by lighting his own battle of life with indomitable perseverance
and imperturbable good humor. He has worked hard and persistentlv,
but at the same time acted on the belief that " care killed a cat," and
that ''a light heart makes work light." His hearty good humor has
had no small share in attracting and retaining customers, and has at
the same time enabled him to rationally enjoy the prosperity his
labors have brought him. But his good humor never leads him to
abate a jot of his shrewd watchfulness in business matters, and to his
prudence and keen observation are owing the fact that he has almost
wholly escaped litigation. At thirty-eight years old he takes rank
among the foremost and most successful merchants of Cleveland,
whilst his frank, hearty manners, his warm friendship, and his lii.ornl
unselfish benevolence which distributes charity with an unstintine-,
though intelligent hand, rank Mr. Edwards among the most valued
and most valuable of citizens.

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110 CLKIELAXD, PAST AM) PRESEXT

AMOS TOWXSExXI).

Amos Townsend was born near Pittsburgh in 1S31, and received a
good common English education. At fifteen years old he left school
and entered a store at Pittsburgh, in which he remained three years,
and then removed to Mansfield, Ohio, where, young as he vras, he set
lip in business for himself, retailing goods, and remaining a citizen of
that town during the greater part of nine years.

During his residence in Mansfield the Kansas troubles broke out,
and arrived at such a pitch that a Congressional committee, comprised
of Messrs. John Sherman of Ohio, W. A. Howard of Michigan, and
W. A. Oliver of Missouri, was appointed to proceed to Kansas and
investigate the facts in regard to General Stringfel low's opposition
to Governor Reeder's administration. Mr. Sherman procured the
appointment of Mr. Townsend as United States ]\rarslial, and he
accompanied the commission to the scene of disturbance. He was
on a hill near Lawrence when he saw the posse comitatus of the
United States Marshal of the Territory batter down the Free State
Hotel, it having been indicted as a nuisance by the Grand Jury.
Shortly afterwards Mr. Townsend was taken prisoner by General
Stringfellow, but on ascertaining his position he was released.

In 1S5S, he came to Cleveland, having been engaged by Gordon,
McMillan & Co. In that establishment he remained nearly live years,
and then became partner in the firm of Edwards, Iddings &: Co.,
which, on the death of Mr. Iddings, became Edwards, Townsend v.V
Co. The operations of that firm have already been spoken of.

Mr. Townsend has served a full apprenticeship to the business in
which he is now engaged, and is familiar with all ils details from the
cellar to the counting-room. As a skillful financier he has few
superiors, and the large operations of the tirm Ijear evidence to this
in the regularity and safety with whirh they are conducted.

In 180(J, the Republicans of the Third Ward chose him as their
candidate for member of the City Council, of which he was afterwards
chosen president. He not only polled the full vote of the party, but
drew a large number of Democratic votes, and was elected by a good
majority, although the ward has generally been considered Demo-
cratic, and has retained his seat to the present time, his personal

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popularity lunon^c J^H classes, ooml)ined with the iirie.\.epti(,ii;il.!..
record he made in the Council, overcoming all oppositifin. At th'«
organization ol" tlie now Council for ISO!), he was uiiauiiuou-lv
re-elected president, a fact as cornpliiuentary as it is rare, it licintr ili.-
almost invariable custom for eacii party to vote for its own canili.iaii'.
even where the result of the election is a foregone conclu>i<jn. lie
was in the same year suggested as the Republican candidate lor
Mayor, and w^ould undoui)tedly have been chosen to that olhce li;id
he not considered it incompatible with proper attention to tiie large
and rapidly increasing business of his firm.

DAYID A. DANGLER.

David A. Dangler, like scores of other successful men in Cleveland,
is a conqueror of adverse circumstances. In taking a cursory glance
at the early history of representative Clevelanders, noticed in this
'volume, it will be readily seen that our business lirms are largely
composed of men who, in early life, were compelled to divide their
time betvreen w^ork on the farm and attendance at the district school.
Much of the debilitating dissipation common in cities has been
escaped by them; and hence, they have both sound minds to project,
and vigorous bodies to execute.

Mr. Dangler found it necessary, at the early age of seven years, to
do something towards carrying on his fathers farm in Stark county,
Ohio. During the Winter months he liad the benefit of a district
school until 1838, when, at the age of fourteen, he was employed in a
dry goods store at Canton, as boy of all work. Here he won the
confidence of his employers, and by closely saving his limited wages,
was able to attend school six months more, which completed his
education. With this exception, he continued to serve in the same
store until 1845, when, with a very limited capital, the savings from
his wages, he commenced on his own account, in the same business.

In 1850, he left the trade in dry goods and took up that in hard-
ware. The late Mr. John Tennis, who was also a Stark county man,
and Mr. Dangler, in 1853, formed a partnership for jobbing in this line

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118 CLEJl.l.AM), r.lST .IXD PRESEXT:

at Cleveland. The success of tiie concern was all that reasonable
men could expect. Their connection continued until 1807, when it
expired by limitation. They were amon^ the ilrst wholesale firms on
AVater street, and this enlar<;ed tield of commercial operations gave
full exercise to the talent and energy of ^Ir. Dangler. Trade was
pushed in all directions, and in a remarkably short time they
succeeded in building up a lucrative business.

Success did not make a miser of Mr. Dangler. On the breaking
out of the rebellion he entered with all his native enthusiasm into
the home duties of the war. In August, 18G2, he took a prominent
part in the organization of ward committees for raising recruits and
providing for the families of soldiers. A large part of his time during
the war was devoted to this work, and will ever be remembered with
gratitude by scores of families for timely assistance rendered during
that trying ordeal. In the Fourth ward, wliere he lives, there never
was a man drafted to till its quota.

In 186-lr, he was elected a member of the City Council, and in 1865,
a member of the House of Representatives for Cuyahoga county, by
the Republican party. These public trusts were so well tilled that in
1867, he was returned to the Senate, representing the most important
commercial district of the State except one, and at all times being
watchful and active in the interests of his constituents. Among the
important measures originated by him in the Legislature, are the
Metropolitan Police, State Charities, State Gas Inspection, and the
Building and Loan Association acts. The last mentioned act has
been very extensively taken advantage of among his inmiediate con-
stituents. No less than ten societies have been organized in this
city, under it, and have already been productive of much good
among the laboring class, by enabling them to obtain homesteads on
easy terms. The capital stock of these societies amounts to over
three million dollars, and if the act is as highly appreciated through-
out the State as it is here, the benefit accruing therefrom will be
almost incalculable, inasmuch as the monthly payments won hi, in
many cases, be squandered; whereas, now, they are not only saved,
but secure a share of the profits of the association in proportion to
the stock held. The successful working of these institutions must be
exceedingly gratifying to Mr. Dangler. He is an active, energetic
and impulsive member, though not without considerable tact, and
generally successful in putting his measures through. As a s[ieaker
he is clear-headed, terse and forcible, and on subjects appealing to
patriotism, really eloquent. "^

ni U'aU

110

O!

ITS REPRESEXTATirii MEX. ll'»

Mr piiitrltT is liberal with his iiieaiis, with broad plans, not i<»r
J -'1 ..-ii ib'fic, l>"'it for the public; indeed, we have lew men :uim»iil'
uk ti>..r«' I'ublic spirited than he. To this new element ol" MJl-rii.^i.-
Aii.l .5i.-«r.->fiil men the city owes much of the unparalleled dcx flop-
n,<-f.l <»r tlie lew i>ast years. Their energy and commercial intcd!ii:cn<-<^
l,iv»- jiKitmnratod a new order of things here, placing Cleveland in
tl,.' ironf rank of western cities.

Mr. Danirler has recently formed a new partnership, and is again
.■!»;;.iU''d in the hardware business, having established the new tinn
m! Ihinuler cV Bowman, on Superior street. He is still young and
\i»:"rous, and has it yet in his power to accomplish much

^ i«)»-^'

T. S. BECKWITH.

In speaking of the mercantile interests of Cleveland as developed
by her prominent operators, it is with pleasure we produce a brief
notice of Mr. T. S. Beckwith, one of our well known and most
successful merchants. He was born in Lyme, Ct., Jan. 11, isi'l.
I'ntilhewas fourteen he remained on the farm with his father, at
which time he commenced clerking in a store in Brownville,
JelTerson Co., N. Y., and remained four years. He then came to
Cleveland and at once engaged as a clerk with Alexander Sacket, who
was then carrying on business on Superior street, precisely where ^fr.
Heckwith's carpet store now stands. After two years with Mr.
Sacket he went as clerk with P. M. Weddell S: Co., in which capacity
he served four years, when he was taken into partnership with P. M.
Weddell, Dudley Baldwin and W. E. Beckwith, his brother, and in
this tirm did business in the dry goods line for about four years, when
he and his brother, alone, carried on business several years, and
finally Mr. Henry Wick became associated with them and another
store was started. Both stores were continued about four years,
when the tirm dissolved, and another formed under the name of
Beckwith, Sterling 6c Co., composed of T. S. Beckwith, F. A. Sterlmi:
and G. Clayes. This tirm was dissolved after two or three years and

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the subject of {\\\< slu-tcli Irll flif dry j;oo(h Imsiness and opened the
first store for tlie exchi-ive >:ilf (»!" r;iri)ets in Cleveland. xYfter five
or six years his fornit-r |iaiiiirr, V. A. Sterling, again became
associated with hiui. The lirni of IJer-kwith tV: Sterling existed three
years when they admit ted two yoiin;^ men in their employ, O. Baker
and W. R. Havens.

Mr. Beckwith is a th(iroii;:h business man, quick to form judgment
and quick to act upon it. He i- among our best financiers; nearly
always makes an invest men l p;i\-. NN'hen he was regularly employed
as a salesman he was iianl to match, and one great secret of his
success as such was his courteous demeanor to all, whether rich or
poor, and an industrious eiVort to please. We recommend those of
our young men who desire to succeed in business to study one of the
principal keys to T. vS. BeckwitlTs success — a polite attention to all.
It will pay.

Mr. Beckwith's business lias grown with the city, and the profits
with it, and although he has only attained to the meridian of life, and
in the full enjoyment of mental and physical energy, he has acquired
a handsome competency.

Besides his mercantile interest ]\[r. B. has aided in giving to
Cleveland the character of a manufacturing city, having invested
largely in the white lead factory of this city, which is under the
management of Mr. J. H. Morley, an account of which will be seen in
the Manufacturing Department of this work.

Business has not, however, engrossed the whole of ^[r. Beckwith's
time and talents. He is as thorough a worker in the cause of
religion, morality and benevolence as in trade. For a number of
years he has been an active member of the Second Presbyterian
church of this city, always taking a lively interest in the Sunday
school connected with the church. He was also as indefatigable in
the interests of the Bethel cliurch and Sunday school of this ci'y, and
which is now doini: a noble work in the city.

Mr. B. was married in lS4y, to Miss Sarah Oliphant of Grandville,
"Washington Co., N. Y. Two children of this marriage are living and
a third dead.

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/7.V REfRESENTATlVE 'MEX. 121

ELIAS SIMS.

AMlK'ii^h Mr. Sims has not been strictly a man of commerce
Aiitotii: u.-i, his life labor has been one wholly devoted to enterprises
that arc strictly conducive to that foundation of a commonwealth.
Trop'Tly i»hiced he would be with general contractors, but as we
h.ivf not material sullicient for a department under that head he
mli^l take rank among the men whose trade has been facilitated by
hii« enterprise.

Klias Sims was born at Onondaga, New York, August 4, 181 S, and
i-. auutlicr striking instance of the value of early dependence on
line's own resources. Until he was fifteen years of age Elias worked
on a farm, when he concluded to leave it, and strike out for himself
on another line. He worked as a laborer on the New York canal
l«>r M)me time, and being a lad of great force of character with a keen
eve to business he was very soon selected as* an overseer. He held
this situation for about two years when he became deputy superin-
len<ivnt of the works, being at the time only in his eighteenth year.
After considerable experience in this business he concluded there
was an opportunity to make more money by contracting than by
working on a salary, and consequently resigned his office and
commenced on a work for which he was eminently adapted by
nature, and one in which he subsequently became remarkably
successful, as, indeed, was his first contract, for it resulted in a protit
of several thousand dollars. Men did not become millionaires in such
short order then as now, and so much money so easily obtained
almost unbalanced the young contractor. It made him less careful
in his estimates, and, as may be easily judged, his nexo job swallowed
the whole of his capital, and compelled him to become overseer
again.

The next speculation he engaged in was the building of a tug, in
connection with two others, and which proved a success. After
some time he obtained a dredging contract at Port Stanley, Canada,
and being very successful in this he entered into it as a permanent
business, and appeared among the live men of Cleveland in 1S56. as a
contractor for dredging the " old river bed'\ From year to year this
contract for dredging at Cleveland has been continued, and in

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122 CLEVELAXD. PAST A X D PRESEXT:

addition to this he lias cxocuted some iinincnso jobs at Grand Haven,
Mich., Erie, Fa., and Milwaukee, Wi<., in which he lias been uniformly
successful. lie also contracted hirf^ely in the construction of the
Great Western Rail Ivoad, in Canada, and canal locks in Iowa. lie
is interested in propellers on the lakes, and has two tugs and three
dredges in this harbor.

Mr. Sims may well be styled a pioneer in the system of dredging,
by means of which all the lake harbors have been able to receive
vessels of double the old tonnage. Although of a quiet, he is not by
any means of an indolent temperament, and has exhibited business
energy in a way that did not make much noise, but which led to sure
results. Mr. Sims was one of the contractors and one of the proprie-
tors of the Rocky River Rail Road and Hotel. He is also interested
in the People's Gas Company of the West Side, and we are driven
to the conclusion that such a long series of successes in such un-
dertakings cannot be due to accident; there must be for foundation,
a clear, calculating mind, and the ability to execute well what is well
planned. Projects in which others had failed became profitable
under his management. He is still in the vigor of life going on as
usual with his contracts;

In 183S, Mr. Sims married ]Miss Fosburgh, of Onondaga Co., N. Y.;
of the marriage three children were born, Mrs. Sloane of Buffalo,
Mrs. Evatt of Cleveland, deceased, and Mrs. Wm. Starkweather of
Cleveland.

JOSEPH PERKINS.

One of the most noticeable mansions on the north s'ule of Ku>'lid
avenue is the tasteful and substantial stone building a little west of
Sterling avenue, which, from its general style of architecture and its
handsome surroundings of lawn and shrubberies, resemble-- the
comfortable country home of a family of wealth and taste in England.
This is the residence of Joseph Perkins, and in its neat, home-like
beauty, gives at once a good idea of the character of its owner, and
a perpetual invitation to repose.

Mr. Perkins was born July 5th. IM^, in Warren, Ohio, his father
being Simon Perkins of that place. His educational advantages

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ITS RP.FRESEXT.rni'E MEX. 12:i

were gooJ, and al'ler leaving school he entered iiis lallier'- ollice.
Born to coiiiiortahle circumstances he never had occasion to >trugtrlo
lor an existence as have so nivmy of the now wealthy <itizcns of
Cleveland, but, on the other hand, the acquisition of riches without
hard labor for it did not, as in so many otiier cases, prove his ruin,
nor did he spend his days in idleness. On his father's death he was
one of his executors and gave his whole attention to the task of
closing up the estate. That duty performed he came to Cleveland
and found abundant occupation in managing his own estate and in
executing the <lutics devolving upon him through his appointments
to places of trust in banks, railroads, and other organizations. For
several years he was a director of the Cleveland and Mahoning Rail-
road Company and took an active part in its allairs. On the death of
Governor Tod he was chosen president of the company, a position
he still retains and the duties of which he performs with scrupulous
fidelity. He is also president of the Second National Bank. During
the building of the Euclid street Presbyterian church he was a
member of the building committee, and has taken an active interest
in the allairs of that church for many years. He was also a member
of the building committee of the Savings Bank Society and of the
building committee of the National Bank building.

In 1837, Mr. Perkins united with the Presbyterian church, of which
he has since remained an active and influential member, the scene of
his profession being in Marietta, where he listened to the teachings
of the Rev. Mr. Bingham.

In October, 1S40, he married Miss Martha E. Steele, of ^Marietta,
by whom he has had six children, lour of whom still survive.

Mr. Perkins is a man of no ordinary character, and it is unfortunate
for the world tiiat there are so few of his mould in comparison with
the whole number of people. The governing principle of his life is
religion, his actions are directed by his conscience. Although rich
and controling large means, he is utterly free from the sin of avarice,
and, though fully appreciating tlie value of money, he respects it
mainly for the power of doing good it gives the possessor. His
liberality is great, but is guided b}' a wise caution instead of being
scjuandered indiscriminately. He dislikes being imposed upon by
unworthy petitioners, and therefore narrowly investigates alleged
cases of distress before relieving them, \yhen satisfied that the
object is worthy his aid is generous and ungrudging. His ear is ever
open to the tale of distress, his hand ever open when the distress is
found to be real instead of simulated to impose upon the charitable.

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124 CLEll I.IM), PAST A\D I'Rl-SEXT:

He lias been known to h'avc liis mails untouched all day that he
might trace out and rrdieve cases ol' genuine atlliction or sufTering.
His time and besl judgment are given to the widow and fatherless,
nor is his counsel emi)ty haivded. In business matters the rule of his
life is not to claim the lion's share, although furnishing the means
for an enterprise, but to deal with others as he would have done by
him under similar circumstances. He believes that by pursuing this
policy he lias reaped greater material advantages than if he had
pursued a grasping jiolicy, wiiilst his conscience is the easier for his
forbearance. His jlrm deteruiiiiation to do riglit in every transaction
and under all circumstances, has in his case given fresh proof of the
truth of the adage that " Honesty is the best policy/'

Nor, though among the wealthy of the city, is he an aristocrat in
feeling. To him the poor soldier's widow, the laborer's wife, and the
wife of the millionaire are equal in their claims upon his courtesy
and his attention. He is in feeling one of the people, yet utterly
innocent of the arts of the demagogue, and repudiating with firmness
any attempt to bring him forward into political life, against the heats
and confusion of which his modest and quiet character revolts.

Although not of robust health, he is enabled to get through a
large amount of work by methodical habits and by a strict avoidance
of injurious haste and worry. His leisure is spent in the enjoyments
of his beautiful home and in the cultivation of a tine artistic taste
which has been developed and gratified by a tour among the principal
art centres of Europe.

HINMAN B. HURLBUT.

Hinman B. Hurlbut, a lineal descendant of Governor Hinman. of
Connecticut, was born in St. Lawrence county, New York. July -I'-K
ISIS. In his boyhood he received such education as the common
schools provided, and the time not spent iu the school rooui was
employed on hi* father's farm, he being the youngest of a large
family and requireil to help along with the others.

At the age of lifteen he left the farm and engaged as clerk in the
mercantile business in Washington, St. Lawrence county, where he
remained about three vears.

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In \<y>, ho removed to Cleveland and coninieneed tlie study of law
wi!h Iti-i hroiiicr, 11. A. Uurlbut, then practicing law here. On Auirii-^t
Tth. !•<!•.», ho was admitted to practice, and at once went to .Mas^ilinn.
Stiirk <<)unty, where he opened an office for the practice of his pro-
fcv-ion. Ili.s cash capital when he started for his prospective held of
l;thor, consisted of three dollars and twenty-five cents. The dislmrse-
M)«M»t <tf this sum was as follows : three dollars for his packet fare to
M.-i'-inon ; twenty-five cents for three sheets of paper and two packets
tti tofiacco. His worldly goods were all contained in a hair trunk ;
tho most valualjle item of which was his law library, comprising two
volumes, Blackstone and Kent's Commentaries. Our readers may
woil he assured that Mr. Hurlbut was dreadfully in earnest about
that time to commence business. He soon succeeded in making a
commencemenr ; his talent and industry were rewarded by one of the
hirgost and most lucrative practices in that section, extending through
Wayne, Holmes, Tuscarawas, Carroll, Columbiana, and Summit coun-
ties. As a lawyer he was very successful. He continued the practice
of his profession until 1S50, four years of which time he was the laAv
partner of Hon. D, K. Cartter.

Some three years before retiring from his law practice, he became
interested in banking at Massillon, and in 1S50, organized the Mer-
chants Bank, of Massillon, with a capital of §100,000. This was in
connection with Dr. I. Steese, who is still president of the bank, with
the capital increased to $200,000. It was and is a very successful
enterprise.

In 1S52, still retaining most of his interest in the bank at Massillon.
he came to Cleveland, and commenced a private banking business,
under the firm name of Hurlbut & Co., under the American House,
and continuing about one 3'ear, when he purchased from the directors
of the Merchants Bank the charter of the Bank of Commerce, and
at once commenced business under it, with 3Ir. Parker Handy as
president, and himself as cashier. About a year afterwards Mr.
Handy resigned, and Mr. Joseph Perkins became president. The
stock was increased from time to time till it reached .S250,000, and
then reorganized under the name of the Second National Bank of
Cleveland, with the same officers, and nearly the same board, with a
capital stock of §600,000, and its success may be judged when we say
that it has a reserve fund of over .S100,000, and it may well be char-
acterized as one of the strongest, if not the strongest bank in Ohio.
Mr. Hurlbut was cashier from the commencement, and labored
assiduously in its interests, so that the Second National Bank of

J

■TCi! . .

.oiiiO j!J /ifU;(.i . ' 1011 TI

l-2<; CLEVELAXD, PAST AXD PRESEXT.

Cleveland is eiaitiently the fruit of liis laljor and skill. Mr. Hurl but
was ol>ligcd to resign liis position January 1st, ISOO, on account of
failing healtli, induced by excessive mental application, and was
succeeded by the assistant cashier, J. 0. Buell, who s'lll retains the
office. On resigning, he was made vice-president, which position he
still retains. He took a trip to Europe, where he remained two years,
returning much improved.

Besides his oi!icial duties here, in 1S(34, in connection with Messrs.
J. Perkins, A. Stone and S. Witt, he purchased of the Board of Con-
trol, the charter of the Toledo Branch of the State Bank of Ohio,
which also proved a great success, paying in the neighborhood of
twenty-five per cent, per annum. It was reorganized under the
National Bank law. Mr. Htirlbut held no official position m this
bank, but assisted in its management.

For some years he has been a director of the Beliefontaine Hail-
road Company, and on tlie consolidation of that company with the
Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad Company, was made a
director of the consolidated line. He has added to his interests in
banks and railroads ?ome important investments in the iron interests
of the city, and through his shrewd observation and extensive ])usi-
ness knowledge, has managed to make his investments profitable.
For fifteen years he was a member of the State Board of Control of
the State Bank of Ohio. From the organization of the Protestant
General Hospital of Cleveland he has been its president.

Mr. Hurlbut's sole official connection with politics, was his serving
as a delegate from the Seventeenth Ohio District, in the Philadelphia
Convention that nominated General Taylor. He is in no degree a
politician, but always takes an active interest as a private citizen and
voter, in the discussion of political questions. His tastes are elegant
and refined, and since his virtual retirement from the pressing duties
of business, he has found enjoyment in the cultivation of tJiose tastes.
His manners are affable and genial, his disposition frank and gener-
ous. In business matters he has always lieen prompt, and lias never
allowed his engagements to lie unfulfilled or be postponed.

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!IS REPRESESTAril-E MEN. 127

1;LI!ERT IRVIJJG BALDWIN.

The <iry uoods establishment of E. I. Baldwin & Co. is one of the

Ito-l known business houses of Cleveland. Its reputation extends

■ wi<lt'ly iM-yond tlie limits of the city, and throughout a large portion

(»f tl.c Stale it is known as one of the places to be visited whenever

H -liojipin;,' t'xeursion is made to Cleveland.

Kll.iTt Irving Baldwin, the founder and head of the firm, was born
in Ni'w Haven, Connecticut, May 13, 1S29. He received excellent
f«rly edticational advantages, in prex)aration for a literary life, but as
his health was not equal to this, he turned his attention to mercantile
l»nrsuits, when about eighteen years of age, by engaging as clerk in
ill*' dry goods house of Sandford <k Allen, in his native town. "With
tlie lirm he remained several years, and then engaged for about two
years with a dry goods firm in New York city.

In October, 1853, Mr. Baldwin came to Cleveland, and on the com-
pletion of Northrup ct Spanglers Block, commenced the retail branrli
of the dry goods business, his father, S. I. Baldwin, being a partner
in the business for the first three years. Mr. Baldwin opened out
with a stock of goods costing sixteen thousand dollars, and at the
close of the first year had made sales to the amount of forty-three
thousand dollars. This was an encouraging result for those times.
and he correctly judged that it was but the foundation of a large and
lucrative business. Each succeeding year, without any exception,
has brought an increase of business, till the annual sales of the tlrm
are in the vicinity of a million dollars, which, in a retail busine-s, in
a city of Cleveland's size, is very large ; and fairly entitles him to be
regarded as the most successful dry goods merchant Cleveland has
ever had. Having from the first conducted business in a strictly
honorable manner, selling only good articles at reasonable profits,
and allowing no misrepresentations, the result is, that many of the
customers of the house are of fifteen years' continuance This, in
conjunction with the natural growth of the trade growing out of an
increase in the population, now gives his house the appearance ol a
central dry goods market.

Besides endeavoring to deal faithfully with customers, he inaugur-

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12S CLErKL.lXl), VAST AM) PRESESL:

ated the one price and cash system of trade, so as to be faithful to
himself and his creditors, and the result of all is — immense success.

To meet the demands of trade, in 1M]S, Ids lirm purchased a piece
of land whereon stotxl part of tiie well known City Buildin^^s, on
Superior street, and erected the elegant store now oocui)ied by them,
at an expense of over one hundred thousand dollars. It has been
selected by us as a symbolic title page, representing Cleveland
present, and is at once an ornament to the city, and a monument to
untiring industry and integrity. The building has a frontage of torty-
two and a half feet, a depth of one hundred and tifty feet, and a
height of eighty feet, overtopping all the blocks in the city. The
front is of Amherst sandstone. The building is divided into five
stories, with a basement ; the ground lloor. occupied by the store,
having five hundred feet of counter-room. Without, the architectural
taste displayed was unexceptionably good, the building having an
appearance of lightness and elegance, whilst at the same time con-
veying an idea of strength and solidity. The store is fitted up in the
most sumptuous manner, and is of itself an attraction to visitors, to
say nothing of the rich wares always there displayed.

On the retirement of his father, Mr. Baldwin associated with
himself his brother-in-law, H. R. Hatch, and in 1S63, Mr. W. S.Tyler, an '
employee, was admitted to an interest in the business, and in 1S66, Mr.
G. C. F. Hayne, another employee, became a partner. This is an
excellent custom, and we are glad to see so many of our heavy
merchants acknowledging the integrity and ability of their clerks in
the same way.

Mr. Baldwin has now the general superintendence of the whole
business; and, although he is not, nor ever has been, physically
strong, is very active, and there is little that escapes his observation.

He was married, August, 1855, to Miss Mary Janette Sterling, of
Lima, Livingston county, New York. The tniits of the marriage
were three children now living, and one daughrer who died.

Mr. Baldwin has been connected with the Second Presbyterian
church about thirteen years, and has taken an active interest in tlie
Sunday school. He was trustee of the church for several years, and
has always been found ready to aid in the lurtherance of every good
work.

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ITS REI'RESEXT.ITIIE MKX. l-'J

GROVE i\. ABBEY.

•The trade in stoneware is a very important Ijrancli of the business
of OleveUand, and this lies in tlie hands of one firm, of which Grove
]S. Abbey is the leading member. As the AVest generally is supplied
from the parent house of the Abbeys, or from one or other of the
branch establishments tlirough the West, in which Mr. Abbey holds
an interest, it would be manifestly out of place to omit, in a work of
this character, a reference to him and his operations.

Mr. Abbey was born in Portland, Connecticut, August lOti), ISIS.
He was the eleventh of a family of thirteen, of whom seven yet live.
The father, Asaph, died at the age of fifty-five. Tlie mother. Faith
HoUister. survived her husband thirty years, the last twenty-two of
which were spent in the family of her son Grove X.. and died Febru-
ary 20th, iNiS, at the advanced age of eighty-six. As before said, she
had thirteen children, twelve of wdiom married, and thus enabled her
to remark, as she repeatedly did, that she had had twenty-four
children. Before her death she had seventy-one grandchildren added
to the list of her descendants, besides fifty-seven great-grandchildren,
and one of the fourth generation, making in all one hundred and
forty -two descendants.

At the age of sixteen, G. N. Abbey bade adieu to his New England
home and set out for the West. A good portion of his first year after
leavins: home was spent in Pittsburgh, wiiich he then left for Ohio,
wherehe has since resided; twenty-one years in xlkron, and the
remainder of the time in Cleveland. His first experience in Akron
was as a clerk, from which he rose to the position of merchant on his
own account, carrying on business until 1S5(3. In the Spring of the
precediniT year he commenced business on River street Cleveland,
in the sale of Akron stoneware, in which he had become interested,
and in 1S50, removed his family to Cleveland, where he has since that
time resided, retaining his mercantile interests in Akron until 1>^5S.

When Mr. Abbey was carrying on a mercantile business in Akron,
his attention was called to the growing importance of the manufac-
ture and trade in stoneware, made fruju the clay of the Springfield
clay-bed, which has since become famous for the superior quality of
stoneware made from it. The pioneer in the business was David

9

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nO'ulA 131 -oo'/f^i-is'iz^ '■^«'J''5 ^-'-'^i

130 CLEIEf IM), r.isr .1X1) I'lilsr.XT:

Abbey, a brother of (iri»vc. who ilicil in ('hicairo, in is.Vi. I'he exten-
sion of raihvays to Akron rapidly ib'vchiiK'«l the trade in stoneware,
and the Abbey family turned their exeliivjve attention to it. Tiie
trade grew to importance wheriner the articles found their way. To
obtain greater facilities tor sale and di.-.tril)iition, .Mr. (irove N. Abbey
came to Cleveland and obtained storage j>rivileges in a warehouse
on Kiver street, at the foot of St. Clair hill. Soon the increase of
business justified tlie engagement of the whole Ijuilding, and from
that time the growth of the trade has been rapid and permanent.
Branch houses were established in Chicago. Indianapolis, and St.
Louis, and the parent houses in Akron and Cleveland have been kept
busy in supplying the needs of these branches as well as of their own.
The character of the article dealt in became known throughout the
West, and wherever introduced the trade soon increased in import-
ance. The result has been a gratifying success to the Abbeys, and
the addition of a large revenue to the county of Simimit.

In all their various ramifications of business, Mr. Abbey has occu-
pied an important position. In addition to providing for the home
trade, he has exercised constant personal supervision over the sup-
plying of the western branches. The negotiations between dealers
and manufacturers have mostly been managed by him, and the im-
portance of these negotiations may be judged from the fact that the
requirements of the customers of Abbey tt Co. regulate the amount
of stoneware manufactured in Summit county, and thus atl'ect the
V)usiness and revenues of the county.

The business of the Cleveland house of G. X. Al)bey & Co. has
gradually been increased by the introduction of other articles of a
kindred nature, such as the brown and yellow ware, manufactured at
East Liverpool, Ohio, glassware from Pittsburgh and New York, and
fire-brick and tire-clay. The position of Cleveland renders it the
natural distributing point for those wares, and the extensive facilities
possessed by Mr. Abbey, and his long experience in the business,
place the monopoly of the trade in his hands. That nothinir but
good has grown out of this virtual monopoly, is seen in the fact that
the business is steadily increasing, that no dissatisfaction is expressed
by the customers, and that no litigations have taken place dnrin- the
long business career of the house, extending over thirteen years in
Cleveland.

During the last six years the firm has had some interest in vessels
on the lakes, and these interests have been carefully watched by 3Ir,
Abbey, who has entire control.

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ITS REPRESEXTJTirE MEX. \:)\

h \s)ll lit- ri^^htly iulerred from what has already been >:ii.l. that
Mr. Atilu'v Ikh achieved success in l)nsiness. That success is duf to
iji) Im \y a<'ci(leut or extraneous circumstances, but is the mitural
ri-ult i.r lii'voled attaclimcnt to ])usiness, keen insight, and a dctiT-
tiiiiiahon to Ibllow, as far as XJi'^^^tdicable, the golden rule of doiii- as
vhu woiiM be done by, and of a desire to avoid all misunderstainlings.

If there be one business faculty more than another, promineut
in y\r. Abbe3% it is that of ability to do a large business, on a
Hiuall capital; having, like nearly all of our merchants, commenced
bu-^inrss with nothing that his own hands had not earned, and passing
thp'iiirii all the trials incident to mercantile life in a young country,
h«' lias become an excellent linancier. Naturally of a genial tem-
peraiiient, and inclined to look on the bright side of things, he glides
ovtT reverses and difficulties easier than some people, yet he has
always keenly felt, and often deplored, the want of such early advan-
taires as children of the present day possess.

lioing early interested in the cause of temperance, he has persis-
tently endeavored to spread its beneficial effects by means of tem-
perance organizations, and in April, 1S69, he was nominated as
lernperance candidate for Mayor on the first strictly temperance
iMunicipal ticket ever put in nomination in Cleveland. The result
was the polling of a temperance vote of about ten per cent, of the
whole vote cast.

Twenty-seven years since, w'hilst in business at Akron, he was
induced to make a profession of faith and be received into the
Congregational church. The faith then professed has never been
renounced, and he is now an active member of Plymouth Congrega-
tional church in Cleveland.

On November 4th, 1844, Mr. xVbhey married Miss Sarah Goodale, of
Kent, Ohio, but who came originally from Massachusetts. Of this
marriage there were four children, three of whom are still living; the
oldest being married to Charles H. White, of Chicago, Illinois. The
other daughter and a son remain with the family at home.

■<\n\v. l:t!

,<-jii(Of! J« xiiW'ifit sii,j fsj/w

132 CI.EI'EI..IXD, PAST AS1> rRI.SEXT

B. W. JENNESS

Mr. Jenness was Itorn in DccrlieJd, New Hanipsliire, July 14, ISOG,
received a good academical education and in Is^-'J removed from
Deerfield to Strallord, in the same State, wdiere lie engaged in
merchandizing-, continuing in that occnpation for thirty years, and
finding it reasonaV)ly remunerative. In addition to keepini; his store
he filled the position of postmaster of the toAvn for tifteen years,
being appointed under several successive administrations. He
represented the town in the lower branch of the State Legislature,
and held the otlice of High Sheriff for over five years, the county
which he officiated in having since been carved out into several
counties. On leaving that office he became Probate Judge, which
position he retained five years and then resigned, although the terms
of ofTice were such that he could have retained his position until he
was seventy years of age. He was nominated by the Breckenridge
party for Governor of the State, but declined. In 1S45-G, he was
appointed to the Senate of the United States, to fill out the unexpired
term of the Hon. Levi Woodbury, who was appointed to the Supreme
Court of the United States. In 1S50, he was a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention to revise the constitution of Xew Hampshire,
after which he retired to private life, and has allowed politics to take
their own course without his aid.

Mr. Jenness came to Cleveland seven years ago, but immediately
after his arrival started into the lumber business here with vigor, and
has folloAved it up in the same way, until now he has become so
intimately connected with Cleveland commerce that he seems like
an old settler who has grown up with the city. He superintended
the whole business here from the first, whilst his partners attended
to the manufacturing department at their mills in ^lichigan, until
May 1st, 18G0, when Mr. Jenness l»ouirht out their entire interests.
He has succeeded in building up a business etiual to the best in that
line in the short space of seven years, which speaks well for the
energy and business alnlity displayed.

In addition to his lumber busine--^ 31 r. Jenness, in connection with
three others, built the propeller B. W. Jenness, for carrying lumber
and trading from Buffalo to Chicago and intermediate ports. She

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r«fr>« ahoJit .'W0,000 feet of lumber, and cost i=;50,000. He lias al><)
l.t«--n i-iTi ouruT of several other vessels since he has resided Iktc

Mr. .(fniiess is a man of the most active temperament, he ru)
,^v,,urr d.-«ides that a thijig has to be done than he does it with all
»,»* mu'h!. One may form an idea of him by seeing him write his
i»anj«»; a^ (juick as the pen touches the i)aper it is ofl' like a Ma-h of
!ijt*«niin:r, with tiie signature complete. He is broad and powerfullv
l.ujit, and to all appearance can endure as much as most men.
»l!li»rut:h sixty-three years of age. Like other successful men, lie
attrilxiteg his success to strict attention to business in person. In
{Miiiiir^ he has always been a Democrat. In religion he is very
hl..T.Tl, favoritig Baptists, Presbyterians, Congregationali?«ts and
rnitarians when occasion serves. He is held in esteem by all who
krH)\v him, and we trust he may have many years of usefulness before
hitn.

•Mr. Jenness was married in 1827 to Miss Nancy Shackford, of
Htrartord, New Hampshire, Avhom it was his misfortune to lose in May,
1*^;^, leaving two daughters the sole survivors of a family of five, the
three sons being dead.

JOHN FLETCHER WARNER.

The late J. F. Warner was a native of Burlington, Vermont, on
the border of Lake Champlain. His parents were poor, and his early
advantages were limited. At an early age he became a sort of cabin
boy on one of the Lake Champlain steamers. Mr. Warner came to
Cleveland in 1833 or 1834, and w^ent into the employ of AVellman,
Winch ik Co., who then kept a warehouse near the present site of the
Erie elevator. Mr. Warner often related to his friends with much
glee, a little incident that occurred in connection with his eniraire-
nient to labor for this firm. It appears that it was represented to
him that he was desired to travel for the house ; and he, with visions
of a span of white horses, elegant outfit, and an easy time, readily
accepted the proposition to travel for them. But his bright expecta-
tions were soon clouded; his horse was shown him and his course of
travel was the circle around a horse power used for elevating s'raiu

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l;U CLEl'ELAXD, PAST AXD P RES EXT:

from vessels, prior to the erection of any steam irrain elevators in the
city. He saw he had been the victim of a practical joke, and com-
menced his travel witii as good a grace as po.s>il»le. under the circum-
stances.

Mr. Warner remained with tliis firm for alxjuf two years, and then
became warehouseman for Ransom, IJakhvin ^\: Co., which was com-
posed of John G.Ransom, now residing in Hamilton, Canada, Steplien
A. Baldwin, deceased, Charles ^l. Giddings, deceased, and William H.
Bruce, then residing at Green Bay, and, we believe, now deceased.
In 1S3S or 1S30, this firni was dissolved, and merged into Eansora,
^[cXair i\: Co. :Matiiew .McNair, Jr., the junior partner of this firm,
whom the older residents will recollect, is now residing in California.
Mr. Warner continued with this linn until they retired from business,
and then he formed a business connection with Augustus Handy and
Ralph H. Harmon. Wo do not know whether it was prior or subse-
quent to this partnerr-hip that lie lived for a year or two at Tonawanda,
but are under the iuiprossion that it was prior; but at the time of the
Tonawanda speculation, gnfton up by Clevelanders, he was induced

to go there.

After about two or tin-co years, the firm with which Mr. Warner
was connected, moved to Oiicago, but being all Clevelanders, and
Chicao-o not being e(»nt:»-iiial to them, the lirm soon dissolved, and
the members of it moved back to Cleveland, since which time Mr.
Warner was omployod in no active business. At intervals he had
made investmeritn that i)roved profitable, and not being in very
robust healtJ!. ii el but little ambition, and lived in comparative
retiremeuf. Ho w:is «.ne of those who loved to talk over old times.
and n<>ver i<':L'"t old laces. He was as charitable as his means would
pfTinit tuw.ird- Worthy ol.'jects, and preserved through all his busi-
p,.'*'* p'UiiK'f.* a <!iar;teter for strict integrity. He was a man of strong
Irienddiii.*. Jr. ink in his avowals, and left a circle of business and
nncu\\ irM-n I* who will remember him as an u.pright, warm-hearted.
3Tel i«ii.;j<- -j.ifMed man, who lived in good report, and died sincerely
1 »i;irut« l.

K«.r n\AU\ years Mr. Warner had been more or le<s an invalid,
iho.i^ii tioi f.tien confined to his house, with Bright's disease of the
k..!rv<>". ., If, Novemher, 1h;S, it assumed a more serious i)hase, and
un iv .-n.i.er l:»tli, iNis^ terminated his life. About eight months
I.»T.»H»u.ly, he suiiercd the loss of his beloved wife, while spending
».'.«• 4',Mi'r months in Florida, which had a very depressing ellect
ui-*n y<ni\, uiiil took from him a very necessary incentive to life.

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ITS REPRESEXTATll'E MEN. 13:.

A. V. CANNON.

On \\\o 10th of July, 1S6T, died, after a very short illness, A. V.
Cannon, one of the most promising of the young business men of
Clovel.-in.l, beloved by his intimate associates, and esteemed by the
wliole business community brought in contact with him, and thus
able to learn iiis v%'orth.

Mr. Cannon was a native of the "Western Reserve, having been
born in Streetsboro'. Portage county, in 1n34. On leaving school he
entered the store of Babcock & Hurd, in Aurora, in that county, and
when those gentleman removed to Cleveland he accompanied them
and remained in their establishment some time, making a twelve
years' stay with them altogether.

He then went into the produceand commission business, and one
year later formed a partnership with Mr. J. F. Freeman, which existed
until dissolved by death. For two years before his death his health
had been impaired, and he had been confined to his house for about
eighteen months with an affection of the leg, but had recovered
suliiciently to attend to business, and was in a fair way of perfect
recovery. As a relaxation from business, he visited some friends in
the West. On his return he was seized with intJammation of the
bowels and died after a very brief illness.

Mr. Cannon was one of the kindest of men, universally respected
in business circles for his integrity and probity, and in the social
circle for his mild and gentle manners and Christian spirit. He died
at the early age of thirty-three, without an enemy, and with the
confidence, the esteem and the love of all who knew him. On
the announcement of his death the Board of Trade passed resolutions
of respect and sorrow, paying high tributes to his business, social,
and Christian qualities. He' was buried with full Masonic honors,
being a valued member of that order.

Mr. Cannon was married June .bth, ISOo, to Mary, daughter of the
late David Morris, and left one child," a daughter, now tive years of
age, very bright and promising.

At the meeting of the Board of Trade, the announcement of Mr.
Cannon's death was made by ^iv. H. S. Davis, in the following terms:

It is with fi-elintrs of ]>rotound siorrow that I announre the decease of A. V.
Cannon, Esq.. a much re'^pected member of this Board. He ha.M been stricken down

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1^^<5 CUilEI AM), PAST A\D PRESEXT:

suddenly, in the liour of lli.•^ n.iiiili<.>><l, ami in tin; midst of his usefulness. I have
known Mr. Cannon troni his curly manhood, and can hear testimony to his untiring
industry, strict intc<rrity, ami the purity of his character in all the relations of life.
He was earnest in business, pltnsant and atVable in his demeanor, beloved by all who
kuew him, and it is not too much to «ay that in his death this Board has met witli
an irreparable loss.

We cannot lose such men without feelinj; that it comes very close to ourselves,
and let us pause in the midst of our daily avocations to pay our partinj;^ respects to
the memory of one who, were lie living, would be llrst to reco^'uize it as being due
to others, and I would therefore suggest to the members of this Board, that .so far
as possible they attend his funeral.

Mr. I\. T. Lyon offered the following resolulion.s, which were unan-
imously adopted:

Ra^olftd, That we learn with much regret and sorrow the death of our esteemed
friend and member of this Board of Trade, Mr. A. V. Cannon, noted for his modesty,
honesty, business qualifications, strict integrity and moral principles, and worthy of
the imitation of us all ; and in these manifestations of our respect and regard we
sympathise with the family and friends of the deceased in their sorrow and allliction.

Resohfd, That we will make it our duty to attend the funeral of the deceased at
the appointed time.

Hesolrcd, That the daily session of this Board be suspended on the day of the
funeral of the deceased.

Resohtd, That a copy of the above resolutions be transmitted to the family of the
deceased, by the Secretary.

H. F. BRAYTOiN

If there be a business man in Cleveland without an enemy, wo
think it must be 11. F. Brayton. He has been connected with various
branches of ])usiness in this city for thirty-iliree years, and enjoyed
to an unusual degree the contidenoe of his fellow citizens.

H. F, Ihayton was born in Jefferson county, Xew York, November
22, 1S12. He obtained a good academical education, and at the aire
of eighteen went to Xew York city and engaged as a clerk in a dry
goods store, whJre he remained six years. During tliat time he
became secretary of the iirst total abstinence society ever organized
in that city. He was also treasurer of the Young ]Men's Anti-Slavery

Oib to vfiL aif* HO <»<f I/i/iott eiiit 'to o.i:>i>?>;;wi '('

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ITS REPRESENTATIFE MEN. l.'iT

Society in that city, so far back as 1S34, when Abolition doctrines
were very uni)Oiiular. He it was that engaged the noted Th<'oilore
D. Weld and sent hini out to the Western Reserve to lecture on the
subject, and who succeeded in a very marked degree in bringing the
masses over on to Abolition ground, and from which, in this section,
they never receded until every bondman's fetter was broken. John
Jay, our present minister to Austria, was, ^t the same time, one of
the directors of the Society. He also connected hiniself with the
Liberty party, being associated with Salmon V. Chase, in its early
history. He next glided into the Free Soil party, and from that to
the Kepublican.

In 1S36, Mr. Brayton left New York and came to Cleveland, and
very soon became book-keeper of the old Bank of Cleveland, and
remained in the same position three years. He then went to Colum-
bus and became cashier of a bank. After one year he resigned and
came back to Cleveland, where he engaged in private banking, and
continued the same for about ten years.

In 1850, Mr. Brayton became the first agent of the Continental
Insurance Company, in this city, and still retains the olfice. This has
been one of the most successful companies in the country. He is
also the agent of the Washington Insurance Company, and the pecu-
liarity of the two companies is, that the assured participate in the
profits.

In January, 1869, his son, H. G. Brayton, became interested in his
father's business, under the firm name of H. F. Brayton & Son. H.
F. Brayton is also a partner in another insurance agency in the city.
About six years since he went to New York and took charge of the
agency department of the Columbia Insurance Company, and con-
tinued in the discharge of the duties of the ofKce for one year, wiien
the agency business was discontinued in that company, and Mr.
Brayton accepted a like situation in the Resolute Insurance Com-
pany, where he remained about two years, and then returned to
Cleveland, where his business had been carried on as usual during
the three years of bis absence.

Mr. Brayton has not devoted his entire attention to banking and
insurance since his residence in Cleveland. From l>5-i to 1857. he
was connected with the hrm of I. C. Pendleton A: Co. in the coal
trade, and previous to this he was the secretary of the Ohio Coal
Company, which dealt principally in Pittsburgh coal for gas purposes.
He is also at present^ engaged in the foreign passenger and real estate
business. »

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138 CLLVELAXD, PAST AXD PRKSEXT:

Mr. Brayton was for a luiniber of years president of the Cleveland
Board of Underwriters, but resigned on leaving the city for New
York, as already narrated.

On coming to Cleveland JNIr. Brayton united witli the First Pres-
byterian church, and has continued his connection with that denom-
ination in the various societies in the city until the present time, and
has been a worthy and consistent member.

The first impression o stranger receives of H. F. Brayton is, that
he is a high toned gentleman, and every subsequent interview is
certain to confirm it. He is a man of strict business habits, and
expects his dues, and yet his large benevolence and goodness of heart
not only prevents the slightest approach to meanness, but often
causes him to suffer wrong rather than be thought to be doing wrong
himself. Were it otherwise, he would have been one of the richest
men in Cleveland to-day, for he posseses both the ability and energy.

0. A. CHILDS.

Among our most energetic firms is that of O. A. Childs it Co.,
manufacturers and wholesale dealers in boots and shoes. Water street.
It was commenced by Messrs. Seymour & Crowell near twenty years
since. It became Crowell & Childs in IboG, and so continued until
1864, when, by the death of Mr. Crowell, it became O. A. Childs ct Co.
The business of this firm has steadily increased from the first and
their yearly sales now amount to about 8700.000,

In 1857, they comuienced manufactuing a portion of their own
goods, and since ISGO have manufactured all tiieir leading lines, i. e.,
those they depend upon for service. Their trade extends througii
Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania, a large amount being
annually transacted in the Lake Superior region.

Although born in Massachusetts, Mr. Childs has lived in this city
from boyhood and may with propriety be called a Cievelander. lie
is still a young and active merchant and one who has made liim-ella
thorough, competent business man in all iU details, frcjui the cellar
to the counting room. Tjiis, with unlimited energy, has brougiit iiiin
success.

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^ Jl

ITS REPRESEXrATirE MEN. 130

JAMES MCDERMOTT.

Among the mercantile interests, having their headquarter? at
Cleveland, which during a comparatively few years have grown into
prominent sources of wealth and are yearly expanding in value and
adding to the material prosperity of the city, the Building Stone and
Grindstone interest is worthy of especial mention. Only a very few
years since this trade was in its infancy, and as late as 1^03 had not
come to be recognized as worthy of special efforts for its develop-
ment. That it then became so is in great measure owing to the
sagacity and enterprise of the firm of James McDermott 6c Co.

"james McDermott was born in the village of Whitby, county of
Ontario, Canada West, on the 19th of September, 1S36. His fatlier,
who is still living, is by birth an Irishman and a native of the city of
Dublin. His mother, who is also living, was born in the county of
Ontario, Canada West. The father of Mr. McDermott is a man of
considerable culture, and in all the relations of life has been
distinguished for great energy and the strictest probity. His mother
is no less distinguished for her uprightness and her clear perception
of moral duty, and especially for the energy and determination of her
character.

James McDermott is the oldest of a family of eleven children, and
as not unfrequently happens to an oldest son, where the parents are
in moderate circumstances, James found himself at an early period
of his life clothed with important duties connected with the care of
the family. When in his twelfth year the family moved from the
village oV Whitby to a farm in the same township, and here came a
change in the relations of the young lad, in the new duties he was
required to assume, which laid the foundation of those correct
business habits which have given him his present honorable position
in the business community. His father occupied the post of United
States Consul and Harbor Master (the latter embracing all the
functions of a Collectorship) at the p-ort of Whitby, together with
several local offices which required ids whole attention on every day
of the week except Sunday. During tlie week, therefore, much of the
business connected with the working and care of the farm was

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140 CLEVELAXD. PAST AND PRESEXT:

devolved upon James. The form, heing a new one, required to be
cleared, and in tliis labor the young lad did his lull share, manifest-
ing always the mo^^t indefatigable industry. Tlio lamily remained on
the form some seven or eight years, during which time James
became an adept in all kinds of farm work.

Young MoDermott's opportunities for obtaining an education, at
best limited, were still further restricteTl by his farm life, and during
the years thus spent his progress in mental attainments was very
moderate, embracing only what he could gather during a few weeks
of winter from a country school in the elementary branches.

A change at last came when the family quit the farm and removed
to Whitby, in the year ls56. James was now twenty years of age,
and being thrown into intimate contact with a larger number of his
fellow men than ever before, the ambitions and impulses of his young
manhood were more keenly stirred. He entered the office of his
father, who still occupied the position of Harbor blaster, and, though
entirely ignorant of the duties, he quickly acquired a knowledge of
the entire business and fultilled all its requirements with entire
satisfaction. He here realized, however, more fully, his defective
education, which he determined to improve with the least possible
delay. Only a few months were spent in his new position when he
decided to set out in the world to seek his own fortune. Accordingly
on the 10th of June, 1S56, having packed all his personal property in
a diminutive trunk, he bade adieu to his old home. Two days after
his departure from home young McDermott arrived in Cleveland and
went thence to Berea, where, as the sequel shows, was to be the
scene of his future enterprise. He had acquired some knowledge of
carpenter work, and so obtained a situation on tlie ]\Iethodist
Episcopal church, then in course of erection. Here he worked until
harvest time, when he went into the harvest held, working for one
dollar per day. He worked through harvest and upon its conclusion
took the first step in fulfillment of his design to improve his
education, and entered school at Baldwin University. He luul no
money to pay for tuition, but this he provided for by sweeping the
chapel, laboratory anfi halls of the college, earning sufficient money
to meet his other wants, which were of course kept ch>wn to a very
modest scale (as he boarded himself), by working in the stone
quarries and cutting wood for the students. He studied hard and
earnestly, and made good progress, finishing his lirst teiin with very
satisfactory results. Among his ac(iuirements during this i)oriod
was a knowledge of the art of Oriental pearl painting, and during

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ITS RF.PRESENTATIl'E MEN. 141

the Fall vacation lie turned this acconii)lishment to arlvantai^e hv
teachin^^ the art in Cleveland, going from house to house for this
purpose, and obtaining fifty cents per lesson. In this way ho earned
sufficient to pay his tuition at the University during the next term,
provide himself with necessary books, and furnish his means of
living. Having concluded another term at the University, in the
Fall of 1S57, young McDermott came to Cleveland and took a course
of writing lessons at a Commercial College. He attained consider-
able proficiency in penmanship, and in the winter of 1S5T-S taught
writing classes at Loweville and Youngstown, Mahoning county, and
at the Female College at Poland, Ohio, meeting with good success
and giving entire satisfaction. In Februar}', 185'-!, Mr. McDermott
got his tirst introduction to the grindstone business, having received
an appointment t>om a firm at Berea to travel in Canada and solicit
orders on commission. He visited Canada and worked hard, often
walking twenty miles a day, from station to station, to save time,
carrying his satchel on his back, and paying his expenses ])y teaching
the process of pearl painting. The trip was entirely successful, and
Mr. McDermott returned to Berea in the Summer with a handsome
sum in pocket. Still anxious regarding his education, he again
entered Baldwin University, attending through the Fall term. In
November of this year he came to Cleveland, passed an examination
and received a certificate to teach school, and upon this opened a
school in Middleburgh townsliip, Cuyahoga county, making his
evenings available by teaching writing and spelling classes. At the
conclusion of the lirst teivra, in February, 1859, he started upon a
second trip to Canada, to solicit orders for stone, this time on his
own account. The venture was prosecuted with his usual industry,
and was highly successful. He returned to Berea in the Summer
considerably better off financially than when he left it, and havinir,
meanwhile, placed a brother and two sisters at school in the Univer-
'sity at his own expense, he once again entered upon a course of
study. He remained, however, but two months, in consequence of
the illness of his father calling him to Whitby to assume the duties
of hisVather's office. Here he remained some two months, when his
father's recovery enabled him to return to Berea. He commenced a
commercial course, but was permitted to pursue it barely a month
when he was prostrated by a severe attack of typhoid fever from
which he did not recover for nearly four months, his life being
several times despaired of. As soon as his health was sufficiently
restored, Mr. McDermott again identitied himself with the grindstone

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142 C LEVEL AM), PAST AM) P RES EXT:

trade and made two trips to Canada, both very successful, between
May and September, ISGO, and then iinislied his commercial course.
On the 19th of September, his twenty-fourth l)irthday, Mr. McDer-
mott was married at East Townsend, Huron county, Ohio, to Miss
Henrietta Scott, who had been a teacher in the Baldwin University,
and a lady of sui>erior accomplishments.

In this year he met with the most serious misfortune of his
business life. He shipped a cargo of stone for Canada, and the
vessel encountering a storm which disabled her, a large portion of
the cargo was thrown overboard. The cargo was insured in the
Quaker City Insurance Company of Philadelphia, but before the
claim could be adjusted the Company failed, and Mr. McDermott
was rendered a considerable sum worse off than nothing. This
misfortune, however, only served to stimulate his energy, and having
established a good credit by the promptitude with which he had
always met his business engagements, and at the same time created
a high impression of his business qualifications, those with whom he
had traded, and in whose debt he had been brought, encouraged him
to continue business by allowing him all the time he should require
to repair his losses and make himself whole. He soon made another
trip to Canada with the most gratifying result, taking orders for
upwards of three hundred tons of stone, the returns from which paid
off all his indebtedness and left him something more than even with
the world.

From January to August, 1S62, was spent by Mr. McDermott in
Lower Canada, chietly among the French population, and was one of
the most successful periods of his business experience thus far.
Returning to Berea, we next find him on his way to Cincinnati as one
of a company of ''Squirrel Hunters" in response to a well-remembered
call of Gov. Tod for a force to resist the threatened invasion of the
State by the Confederate forces under Kirby Smith. Arriving at
Cincinnati it was found that the patriotic citizens of Ohio had so
freely answered the demand upon tliem that more than enough to
protect, the State against several times the menacing army were
already on the ground, and the Berea company was permitted to
return home. The remaining months of the year were passed by Mr.
McDermott in making preparations and perfecting plans for the
ensuing years business.

On the SOth of January, 1863, Mr. McDermott formed a co-partner-
ship with John Worthington, who was engaged in the building stone
trade at Brownhelm, Lorain county, Ohio, the firm taking the title of

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ITS REPRESEXTATJJ'E MEX. \\[\

N\'i«iiiiiii-t()n ^^: McDermott. The firm immediately erected works lor
liiniitii; lar^'o grindstones for manufactories, and distinguislied tlieir
!ir>l Si»rini:'s Itusiness by sending to New York city the first cargo of
Kiiildini: stone ever shipped there from Ohio. During this year they
fnrni>h«'d ihc stone for all the trimmings and carved work on th*-
(iov<Tnnicnt buildings at Ottawa, the capital of the L)ominir)n of
Canaila, and also for a number of buildings in ^lonireal and otlier
<-ities and towns of Canada. The year's ])usiness was heavy, and the
result was largely due to the energy and enterprise of Mr. McDer-
mott. In the latter part of the year Mr. McDermott took up his
re>idence in Cleveland, where he had purchased a house, and in the
spring of 1S(U the oOice of the firm was removed to Cleveland.

The business of the lirm was now growing vigorously, the result of
the year 1S64: being in the highest degree satisfactory, not alone in
the pecuniary returns, but in the wider extension of the trade and
the introduction of the Ohio stone to markets where it had
previously been unknow^n, and where it has since "been in steady and
large demand. Near the close of the year the firm of Worthington it
McDermott was dissolved, and Mr. McDermott purchased of the
Wallaces the old quarry at Berea originally opened by John Baldwin
over forty years ago. He took into partnership his brother William
and established the firm of J. McDermott & Co. The new firm went
actively to work in developing its quarry, mining and manufacturing
block and grindstones, and succeeded rapidly in establishing valuable
business connections and enlarging the stone trade of this section.
Among the first improvements introduced was the building of a rail-
road track connecting the quarry with the Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati track, and other facilities for the expeditious handling
and getting out stone were added as promptly as practicable. In
the spring of 1865 the firm filled a contract with the Cleveland and
Toledo Railroad Company for stone with which to replace the
wooden bridges along the line of the road. During the year the firm
made extensive progress in developing its quarry, trenching to a
greater depth than had yet been reached in any of the quarries, and
obtaining a quality of building. stone superior to any produced up to
this time in Ohio, which very soon became, and is still, in large
demand. In the spring of ISOG, the firm sold the first five hundred
tons of Berea rock block stone that ever went to New York city, and
succeeded in so far interesting several of the largest builders of the
metropolis in this stone as to induce them to visit th.e Berea quarries.
During the year 1S67, the firm sent to New York all the clear rock

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144 CLEVELAXD, PAST A XI) PRESEXT:

block stone they could get out, and also filled several large contracts
for block stone with the Cleveland and Toledo and Lake Shore Rail-
road Companies, doing tliis year a very large lousiness. On the 1st of
January, 1S67, the firm was increased by taking in another brother,
Mr. Michael McDermott, the firm name remaining unchanged.

The house of J. McDermott & Co. occupies at this time a leading
position in the stone trade of Ohio, and indeed of the West, not alone
in the amount of its annual business, but in credit, character and
influence, and in these latter respects it is hardly surpassed by any
mercantile house in Xortliern Ohio. The trade of the house not only
extends to nearly every State of tlie Union and the Dominion of
Canada, but the product of its quarries finds a market in Mexico,
South America and otlier parts of the world. During 1>07, this house
furnished the stone for fourteen blocks and fronts in New York
city, and a number of buildings in Boston, New Haven and other
cities, and in 1SG8, the business was largely increased. A single tirm
of builders in New York city erected during that year fifteen
buildings and fronts for which J. McDermott A: Co. furnished the
stone.

The quarries owned by this firm embrace twenty-five acres of land
of which less than an acre has been worked out. In 1S67, they
turned out 106,200 cubic feet of block stone, 46,000 feet of fxagging,
119 car loads of rough block stone, and 1,510 tons of small grind-
stones. These quarries are valued at 8200,000, and^the excellent
quality of the stone produced is amply attested by the large and
increasing demand for it.

The business of the house of J. McDermott Sc Co. is under the
immediate personal supervision of Mr. James McDermott, to whose
experience, enterprise and business capacity its marked success is
due. Mr. IMcDermott has taken an active interest in all that relates
to the stone business, and also to whatever lends to build up the
prosperity of Cleveland. In 18GG and 1S6T, he visited Washington to
procure the modification of the internal tax and import duty on stone,
and was successful in his endeavors. lie also brought about tlie
organization of the "Association of the Grindstone and Block Stone
Manufactures of Northern Ohio,'' a work which was not accoin[)lished
without much difhculty, in spite of the fact that it was for the mutual
benefit of all engaged in the trade. It should be mentioned in tins
connection that the firm issued a valuable series of tables of weights
of grindstones, and rules for computing the same, now in general use
by manufacturers, and which was chiefly compiled by Mrs. 3tcDer-

Oil.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 145

iti..ri. Till' most recent public work of Mr. McDennotl was his aciivo
lil-'.r ill f.r;r;uii/.ing the Cleveland, Wooster and Zanesvillo Railroad
rof.iI.;iiiy, t<» which he has devoted time, money and labor.

Mr. M'-Dormott is still young, being but thirty-two years old, ol
liii.« phy-it-al i)roi)ortions, a robust constitution, and clear, comi»re-
li.Mi-:\<.' mind. His healthfulness, and also his success in business,
Ur attributes in large measure to his habit of strict temperance. In
liu-inoss matters he is prompt, scrupulously conscientious, and
holding' :i verbal engagement to be as binding as the most carefully
drawn contract. In private and social circles he is warm-hearted,
clicerfiil, and every way a pleasant companion.

J. A. REDINGTON

J. A. Redington is son of Captain John Redington, formerly of
Saratoga county, New York, wdio, when nineteen years of age, ran
away from his step-father, who abused him, and volunteered into the
Revolutionary army, where he served seven years, and was taken
prisoner by the British, and incarcerated in the Sugar House, New
York. There the privation that fell to his lot in the great struggle
for freedom, nearly killed him. Had Capt. Redington lived till the
present time he would have been one hundred and twelve years old.
J. A. Redington, the subject of this sketch, was born June 4, ISIS,
when his father was sixty-one years old, and there were live children
born to the old soldier afterwards. At the birth of the last, he was
seventy-two years of age.

Ten years of the boyhood of J. A. was spent with an uncle in
Vermont, where he received a good common school education.
Wh'le living at that place his father died, and at the age of sixteen
he had a keen realization of the situation. He had nothing, and
could not mend matters where he was, so he determined to go home
to his mother and see if he could be of service there. After remain-
ing with his mother a year, he engaged with a ship-chandler at
Oswego, for twenty-tive dollars per year and board. After a few
months his employer closed up, leaving him out of employment.

10

.aOTO(.x._i.. .A .1

146 CLEILLAXD, PAST .1X1) P RES EXT:

xVboul ii year from this timo, his former employer, who liud gone to
Cleveland, wrote him that if he would come to Cleveland he would
emftloy him a^ain. lie worked his passa:i:e on a canal boat from his
home to Oswego, where he took passage on board a vessel just
leaving for Cleveland.

The late Chester Deming was the gentleman who had engaged
his services, lie received two hundred dollars the first year, three
hundred the second year, and four hundred the third, on which
handsome salary, for those times, he concluded to marry.

Mr. Deming closed up his business here in 1841, and Mr. Redington
commenced on his own account, dealing in oats, wheat and other
grains. This continued about a year when he formed a partnershij)
for the purpose of opening a general furnishing house for vessels.
He did a successful business, but as it was only during the summer
months, ho established a dry goods store in connection with it on the
West Side. This enterprise was only partially successful, and so he
closed it up, and for several years was employed as clerk on board a
steam boat.

In 1856, he, in connection with Mr. Bacon, commenced the
shipping and forwarding business, built the vessel E. C. Roberts,
which w^as a profitable investment, and also ran the propeller
Manhattan. This partnership was dissolved after two years, Mr.
Redington retaining his vessel interests. He is now enga^-ed in
mercantile pursuits on the river, dealing principally in pig metal.

By dint of hard work and a determination to succeed in sjjite of
adverse circumstances, and by strict integrity, he has accomplished
his purpose and acquired a comfortable competency.

SAMUEL SAGE COE.

D ' *

S. S. Coe has been favorably known in the business circh-s ot"
Cleveland for over thirty years, and, although he lias not succeeded
in amassing as much wealth as some of his competitors, yet his forti-
tude has enabled him to glide over reverses ea-ily, and enjoy some-
what of life as it came.

Mr. Coe was born in Oswego, New York, October tJth, 1M'.». He

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ITS REPRESESTATini MEX. M7

<»l)(:uiK'«l all the education a widowed inotiicr could givo liiiii hduro
ho was tucdve years of age, when he entered a rountrv -tore ami
n-niaincfl live years. The only recreation lie had diiriiii,' ili.ii linie
was a tjli> to Niagara, on the schooner ^Saratoga, with Cai)t. Dolph.
1I()W(>, with whom some of our citizens are well acrjuaintcd. In ls:>«;,
he wi«nt to Xew York and clerked in the hardware store of AVrdf,
l>i-li«)|) i*^' Co., and returned to Oswego in June, 1S37. Not being able
to IJTid employment there, he concluded to try his fortune in the
West, and at once took the schooner Charles Crooks, bound for Cleve-
land, yir. Coe landed in this city July 10th, 1S37, his cash capital
being at the time one dollar and twenty-tive cents. After a few days
a situation was obtained in the otiice of Kansom, McNair & Co., with
a salary of thirty dollars per month, out of which he had to board
himself. He remained with this firm until about 1S41, when he went
into the employ of B. F. Smith & Co., composed of B. F. Smith, now
residing at Builalo, as superintendent of the Builalo and Erie Rail-
road, and George Woodward, now residing at 3Iilwaukee, with wliom
he remained until ls45, when he engaged in business for himself, in
the lirm of Doddridge A: Coe, in the forwarding and commission line.
In about one year this firm dissolved, and ]Mr. Coe went into the same
business with his brother, Chas. W., under the style of S. S. Coe A: Co.
This firm was unfortunate, and existed only one year.

In 181S, while doing a small commission business alone, he was
offered, and accepted, the agency of the Merchants' Insurance Com-
pany, of Milwaukee, and labored faithfully for them one year, and, at
its close, his x>remiums amounted to less than two hundred dollars.
This was the first insurance company with which he was ever con-
nected.

In 1851, Mr. Coe organized and got into operation the Commercial
Mutual Insurance Company, of this city, acting as its Secretary for
about one year and a half, when he resigned, and went into the
insurance agency business, with which he has ever since been
identified.

In 1805, Mr. Henry F. Clark desired him to reorganize the'Cleve-
lana Insurance Company, the charter of which was granted by the
State of Ohio in 1830, and which was suci^essfully managed by his
father, Mr. Edmund Clark, until his death. 3[r. Coe undertook and
completed the task, and operations re-commenced April 1st, of the
same year, on a paid up cash capital of one hundred thousand dollars,
increased in 18<>G, to one hundred and litty thousand; and in 1807, to
two hundred thousand dollars, and now increased to its limit,

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148 CLEVELAND, PAST AM) I'RESKXT:

five hundred thousand dollars, making it the largest cash capital
company in the State of Ohio, a credit to the city and to the Slate at
large.

Mr. Coe is the right man in the right place, as the successful work-
ings of this company fully demonstrate, lie, as secretary, devotes
his whole attention to the interest of the company. H. B. Payne is
the president, and S. D. Mc]\[illan, vice-president.

]n looking over a correspondence of about twenty years ago, in
search of some data connected with Mr. Coe's history, we came on
the following letters, which will be read with amusement by old
Clevelanders, as reminiscences of the ante-railroad period, and for
the allusions to public and political events of that day, as well as for
the contrast between the irascible tone of one letter, and the cool
humor of the other :

Drespex, Onro, .lulv 2.jtb, 1848.
Messrs. S. S. Coe & Co., Cleveland, Oliio :

Gentlemen, — No one dislikes, more than we do, to orumble or find fault, but we
hate just as bad to bave our boats detained beyond a reasonable time, at vour place ; and
when our boats leave here for your place, we look for them back at a certain time ; and
if they do not get here soon after that time, it disarranges all our calculations and proves
a great loss to us. All our boats were detained a week on account of a break in our canal,
and then to be detained beyond a reasonable time in jiort, makej? it worse. Mr. Wheeler
at Akron, is the only man on the Ohio canal, that we know of, that has been in the busi-
ness longer than we have on out canal, and we defy you to find a boatman on our canal
or river that will say we ever detained them beyond a reasonable time ; and there is no
need of it if men do as they would be done by, and the situation our river has- been in this
season has been vexatious enough for any one. Time is money, and eight or ten boats
being detained a day or two counts up. The J. Larkin left for your place to-Jav.

Yours truly,

S. ADAMS & CO.

Cleveland, July 29th, 1848.
Messrs. Sam'l Adams & Co., Dresden, O. :

Gentlemen, — Your esteemed favor of the i.lth in.<t. is at hand.

It has been a matter of some considerable interest to us to ascertain, if possible, as to
which city takes precedence in age, Zanesville or Cleveland.

As, which incident is first in date, the cutting of the bridle path from \\'heo!ing
to the Muskingum by Old Zane, or the coasting of our lake to the Cuyuhoga of the
exploring party under Old Stow. Yoor Mr. Adams, we are quite sure, can give us the
much desired information.

_We see it stated that our good Democratic candidate f'T President onn> resided at or
near your beautiful village. You maybe familiar with his early liistery — we wi~h to
know, if such a thing is possible, whether he coiumeueed his political career as a Fe<lenilist
or a Democrat, and whether he did or did not break his sword at the disL'raceful surrender
of that old coward Hull ; but more than all, as we thiuk it most important of all, is, did

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. \\\\

ho. or did Ih> not, when at tbe aofe of ninetoen, vear tliat embk-m of F-di rali.-in. tl..-
I>l«fk rofknil*'. To this last question we beg you will give us an answer if Hiith a il.ijur
Ix- |><)«.-4ible.

Wliilo troubling you in this nianntr, for wliicli we bog your kind indulgtnc.-, nmy u-
aljvf ask you as to the condition, moral and pliysical of your returned vr.lunt.iTH ; l;. jn.rt
wivs thfv have been badly treated ; we are anxious to know as to tliis. for if so, iiml «i.iii
niand.-<l bv Wliig oUifers, we can make political capital out of it against the Whi^,' party ;
If not we can make capital against the administration ; we do not care whieh, as i.ur
obj.H-t is to dojustice to both parties. Can you tell us which candidate they will rtupi«.rt.
Tliey are important in numbers, and from their high character, will carrj- a great mcral
force with them ; and on thir^ last account we have supposed they would oppose (Jen<Tal
Taylor, ns it has been said he used profane language at the battle of Buena Vista.

We are erecting here a new and beautiful theater, it opens Aug. 21. We hope we
may see you here at that time.

Your ob't serv'ts,

S. S. COE & CO.

P. S. You are right as to the unnereamry detention at this place of canal boats ; it is
an evil of great turpitude. We neter do so. Aside from the great loss to owner, it aflecta
the morals of the crews, and in this we know the oldest forwarder on the canal, Mr.
Wheeler, will agree with us.

JOHIs LOxNG SEVERANCE

Conspicuous among those former residents of Cleveland who liave
passed away and left only a pleasant memory behind them, is John
Long Severance, who died about ten year? ago, mourned by a wide
circle of friends, whom his many lovable qualities had brought
around him.

Mr. Severance was born in lS2i\ his father being Dr. Robert Sever-
ance, of Shelburne, Massachusetts. lh< parent? dying within a iew
months of each other, when he was but nine years old, young
Severance was adopted by the late Pr. Long, of Cleveland, who gave
him every advantage in the way of education that could be procured
in the citv. A college course was intonddl btit liis ilolicate health
forbade this, and in his .sixteenth yenr lie \\ :>< inkrn into tlie old
Commercial Bank of Lake Erie, and tiien into the reorganized insti-
tution, remaining there twenty years.

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ir)0 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

His health, never good, broke down entirely under the fatiguing
duties of the bank, and lie was conii>e]led to resign his ccnr.ection
with that institution and seek a restoration of his wasted vigor by a
voyage to Europe. At Southampton, England, he died on the 'JOth
August, 1850, at the age of thirty-seven, surrounded by every atten-
tion which kind friends and sympathizing strangers could l»estow
upon him.

Mr. Severance was a man of many rare and sterling attractions.
His social Cjualities, passion for music, and love for little children, as
well as sincere attachment to a large circle of friends, caused general
mourning for his death. He was one of the founders of the Second
Presbj'terian church, and by the members of that body his loss was
keenly felt. He had always felt a deep interest in the pjrosperity of
the church, contributing largely through his rare ability as a musi-
cian, both in the choir and in the Sunday schools, to the welfare of
the congregation, until he was obliged to abandon those services on
account of advancing disease. With rare energy and many reasons
for desiring to live, he was slow to believe that he must fall in early
manhood before the destroyer. And while he was not afraid to die,.
and expressed a firm confidence in God in whatever event, he felt it
to be his duty to struggle for a longer life, and no doubt prolonged
his days in this manner. He was consistent, uniform, earnest, stable,
both in faith and practice : always punctual in the discharge of his
business and Chrisfian duties, his attendance in the church, and his
labors in the mission and Sunday schools. His last letter before
death, written to an intimate personal and business friend, said: •' I
feel quite sure the disease is making rapid progress, but this gives
me no uneasiness or alarm, nor have I experienced any feeling but
that I am hastening home. The prospect would be dark indeed with
no hope in Christ, no deep and abiding trust in God's pardoning love.
This trust in him has sustained me through every trial, and this hope
in Christ and his all-atoning blood grows brighter every day, taking
away the fear of death, and lighting up the pathway through the dark
valley, through which so many of my loved ones have already passed."

to oir.Jiow

j'A'v: 11'. i;(.:l i'jjfii ed Uidi evoifed o1 v/oI>, ssw

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ITS REI'RKSEXTATIVE MEX. l.M

DANIEL SAiNFORD

The late Daniel SanlbrJ, whose name is held In esteem by oM
Clevelanders, was born in ^Nlilford, Connecticut, in 1S03. At a very
early age he left Ids home and went to New York where he learned
the trade of a ship joiner, one of his first jobs being upon the cabins
of the Fairfield, the iirst steamer on the East River.

In 1S34. he came to Cleveland and worked for some time at his
trade as a journeyman ship joiner. In coming time he aspired to
build ships on his ov/n account, and for this purpose formed a part-
nership with Luther Muses. The first work done by the lirm was on
the steamer New York, and subsequently the steamers Ohio and
Saratoga were built by them. In addition to these a very large
number of propellers and sailing vessels were built, and canal boats
almost without number. The mere list of crafts of one description
and another, built by this firm, would take considerable space in our
pages.

In 1819, the firm, which had done so much important work in the
ship yards, was dissolved and ^Ir. Sanford changed iiis business from
ship-building to dealing in lumber, which he entered upon on a large
scale and continued under the title of D. Sanford, and subsequently
Sanford & Son, until his death, which occurred on Sunday morning,
September 22, lSC-1, after an illness of ab>out four weeks, the disease
being inflammation of the bowels.

Mr. Sanford came to Cleveland with but five hundred dollars in
his pocket, but he worked his way with prudence and economy till
he had acquired a handsome property. His ])usiness on his death
descended to his tlm-d son. Nelson Sanford, wlio has conducted it
prudently and with success.

He was earnestly patriotic, and on the outbreak of the war for the
Union he took a lively interest in everything pertaining to it.
Becoming satisfied tliat the rebels never intended submission to the
lawful authorities until they were flogged into submission, he
strongl}' urged their severe punisliment, and contributed liberally to
send men into the field.

Mr. Sanford was a strong advocate of the consolidation of Ohio

( 9d omlj -anutiv

, 1 V18V r, oaadJ o; noinbon ui

;ijyoo ii*>tdw filjwoi;
(li >.ii,'H'il'j b-ji'iljnfrd bvB Joel ilfi.

yd! 'lo't f/J'^W Sifi 'lO Ai:.

J( ot ^-n-- ■ ■■ ■ • ■ , .

9il ,(ii)i-8i(!(i(iu< r>]m jM)i>,:'if>fl -rjov/ y^rij JLtiii.'
o) vUiaydfl boliufi'ijiio-j fu(i; ,"tn'3i(ffl^'f "

152 CLE VELA XI), PAST AND PRESENT:

City and Cleveland, and in his position of nienil)er of the Ohio City
Council aided materially in brin.rrini:: about the result. IJe was no
politician, but was not one of those who make that fact an excuse for
taking no interest in pu])lic affairs. He had decided views on public
matters, and never avoided his duties as a citizen.

In whatever concerned the welfare of the city he took strong
interest, and was one of the tirst stockholders of the Cleveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad Company, as he was also of the
Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad Company.

Every dollar of Mr. Sanford's money was honestly earned; not a
hard, mean, or wrongful action tarnished a single penny passing into
his hands. Had he been avaricious he might have died worth half a
million dollars, but he was inlinitely richer in the blessings of
hundreds of poor people who were the secret recipients of his bounty.
He had " a hand open as day for melting charity." Yet in his good
deeds he never let his left hand know wdiat his right hand did. His
last words on earth were of a character in keeping with his whole
life. Calling his youngest son to his bedside he said, "Benjamin, be
honest in all your transactions." On the tomb of David Sanford can
with truth be written : "An honest man — the noblest work of God."

CHARLES W. COE.

Charles W. Coe, so long and favorably known in our business
circles, was born in Oswego, New York, ^larch 10th, 1S22. His grand-
father, Col. Eli Parsons, was a soldier in the Revolution, and promi-
nent in the Shay's Rebellion, in Massachusetts. His father was a
physician of much note in Oswego, and died about 1S2S, leavinix two
children ; Charles, the younger, is the subject of this sketch. Like a
great many other physicians, he left a number of old accounts of no
value, and not a great deal besides, so that Charles and his brother
had to strike out early in life to do something towards getting a
living, and hence educational matters did not receive all the <lesired
attention.

Charles came to Cleveland in 1S40, and at once engaged as clerk

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ITS REPRKSENTATIVE MEN. ir>n

wi<h N. K. C'rittenden, jeweler. He remained in that situation alioiil
a year, when ho returned to Oswego, and after the lapse of two vcar>.
rarno li.nk to Cleveland, and entered into the employ of l'i;i-<c A
Alltfi. produce and commission merchants, with whom he romaJMcd
iiniil lslt». At that time he went into the employ of Mr. Charlos
IIi«-kox, and continued with him until 1S55, when he took an in1erc.-t
\\\{\\ .Mr. llickox in the milling business, already referred to in tiiis
\v(trk, and in whicix he still continues.

Mr. Coo has won his present prominent position among the Inisi-
ness men of Cleveland by shrewd foresight and close attention to
hw'^incss. He is a hard worker and a keen observer of the tluctua-
tinn? of business, mingling prudence with enterprise to such a degree
that, whilst he has driven a profitable business, it has always been a
safe one. He is frank, unselfish, and free hearted. Whilst having
had reason to appreciate the value of money, he esteems it not so
mtich on its own account as on account of the domestic comforts and
enjoyments its judicious expenditure brings.

S. M. STRONG.

The drug establishment of Strong &: Armstrong stands foremost
in that branch of the business of Cleveland and has achieved a wide
reputation, having an extensive trade not only through Northern
Ohio, but in Indiana, Michigan and Pennsylvania, drawinir custom
away from Pittsburgh. Cincinnati and Detroit in territory previouslv
considered naturally triliutary to those places.

S. ]\[. Strong, the leading partner of the firm, is a native Buckeve,
having been born in Lorain county, Ohio, in 1833. His boyhood was
spent in acquiring a good common scliool education, after obtaiuinir
which he became clerk in a drug store at Elyria, entering it at the
age of sixteen and remaining about two years when, in ISjO, he
accompanied his employer, who removed to Cleveland, and remained
with him there three years more.

At the end of that time he entered (xaylord's drug store, in which
he continued about two years, when he turned his attention to

.QYiOm .M .8

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<^•,^

lo4:"^^^^ CLErEL.lM), P. I ST A X D PRESEXT:

pushing a fever and a::uc' reniedy which lie had ])eeu at work on for
several years previous. Four years lie devoted to this work, tindiuL'-
a partial success, and then he formed a ])nrtnership with A. C. Arm-
strong, of Medina county, for tlie j)uri)Ose of building up a wholesale
and retailing lousiness. The business of Henderson Oc Punderson,
which was established in Ib^G, was purchased, and the new firm of
Strong ct Armstrong opened business in the old place, No. 100
Superior street. At first the business was carried on in a limited
way, the total of jobbing and retail sales for the iirst year amounting
to but 875,000. But tlie partners were young, energetic, and full of
hope. They pushed their trade vigorously, attended idosely to the
details of the business, and mingled enterprise with prudent
economy so well that they were soon gratified at finding their
business annually growing larger and more profitable. In less than
ten years their trade has groAvn from about .^^TS^OO*) in a year to over
§600,000, and their limited establishment so enlarged as to require
the services of twenty-four assistants. The business, tliough large,
has been managed with such care and prudence as to render losses
very light and litigation almost wholly unnecessary.

Ill .9!

Ship Building.

y^jf^-Ui >0R vcars Cleveland has been the principal ship building port on the lakes.
^\^:-\ J= Of late the ship buildinor interest here has shared the depression fell by

it throughout the fnion, but it is still an important interest, and before
long will probably resume its activity.

The first vessel reported built in the vicinity of Cleveland was the Zephyr,
thirty tons burthen, built by Mr. Carter, in 1808, for the trade of the villug.-.
The precise spot of her building is not recorded. She was burned at Conjdi-ki'ta
Creek, near Black Rock. The next was the Ohio, of sixty tons, built by Murray
and Bixby, in 1810, and launched from the East bank of the river near '.Lt?
spot now occupied by Pettit & Holland's warehouse. She was sailed by John
Austen and afterwards became a gunboat in Perry's fleet, but took no part in
the battle of Lake Erie, being absent on special service.

In 1813, Levi Johnson built the Pilot. The story of her construction and
launch has already been told in the sketch of Levi Johnson's life. In that
sketch also will be found the account of most of the early ship building "f
Cleveland, he being the principal ship builder of the pioneer days.

In 1821, Philo Taylor built the Prudence, which was launched on the riv.-r
opposite where the New England block now stands.

In 18'.26, John Blair built the Macedonian, of sixty tons, and in th.- samy
year the Lake Serpent, forty tons, was bi'ilt by Captain Burtiss and sailed by
him.

The first steamboat built in Cleveland was the Enterprise, built by Lwi
Johnson in 1820, but not tloated into the hike until the following year.

The enterprise of ship building pursued a steady course .in Cleveland for a
number of years, a few vessels being added annually, until about the year l^oo,

,«ail«l oiU no Jio

t}vS*'-'.i ban ,t;n>'JOJ£U loaJKiqiiri aa Illia si :. .

.7:: .;aol

.tijIij'iS oifj saw biifJuvsi'.") l<~i \Jia\:i'rf sdJ «i lliijd i'

*i', iJ-ioiMu') ta b;»»K0o' aew fxi? ,ijf-j{iiot>«^i7 son -.i Taini&Tm<J •■ f«iwiq WfT

v/r*sii;f< Vf( rijticf ,s;if>J "(t/re lo .oiiiO -^xii saw Jzon 9irr ./t^.i.^ •■■"■" '»'-■'

'•iL' •)<>■*« i^vh s/1' '10 Jaa.i J^cT &rfJ mof! rvMCnn.vaf baa }.

jiQ/j (loijvfnjpno-) leuf 1<» , Jotll' "•'"

,«-■ ... . . . , . ^^

"v-'Vii -vSa no Jj%>:

.ahnam won jf'Hvtd bndfjja^i v
■j:!iji»' •>iij ni ban .n-.iot %i/.m "to .aeii-H'Fj-.jrjKlt j^jij jiiot/
V'.i './-.fifltf inisi eii,1-}ntl a'mJqu'J x^* ■'^J'''M '**'** .«iH?l xJ'o'i

T6i •

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158 CLElEL.lXl), r.IST AM) rUESEXT:

when the businesa took u .siuMeri start uiul maflo raiiid iiro^n.-ts. For the next
few years the ship yards were busy and the ahip buihliug interest was one
of the most ini])ortuni branches of the business of tlie city. In 18jC, a total
of thirty-seven lake crafts, sail and steam, was rt-ported built, havinfr a tonnage
of nearly sixteen thousand tons. Duriufi^ the past twenty years nearly tive
hundred vessels of all kinds, for lake navi<ration, have been built in the district
of Cuyalioga. arid of these all but a small proportion were built in Cleveland.
The description of vessels built has greatly altered durinjif that time, the Bize
of the lari^^est class havinjr more than trebled. During the year 18ii8, there
were built in this port four propellers, 'one steamer and three schooners, with
an aggregate of 3,27*J tons. This is much less in number and tonnage than in
some previous years, but still gives Cleveland the lead in the shin building of
the lakes. The absorption of the flats on the lower part of the river for rail-
road and manufacturing purposes, and for luuiber yards, has seriously incommoded
the ship building interests by restricting the space available for ship yards.

In the division of the ship building business of the lakes in past years the
construction of large side-wheel steamers was principally carried on at Bufialo,
whilst in first class propellers and sailing vessels Cleveland immeasurably distanced
all competitors, both in the quantity and quality of the craft turned out. As
the demand for side-wheel steamers lessened, the site of their construction was
removed from Buffalo to Detroit. Cleveland-built propellers, however, take front
rank, and Cleveland-built sail vessels have found their way over every part of
the lake chain, sailed down the Atlantic coast from the (Tu'.f of St. Lawrence to
South American ports, and crossing the Atlantic, have i>enetrated nearly every
European sea. Everywhere they have done credit to their builders by their
speed, seaworthiness, and excellent construction.

Just here it is proper to place on record the history of an attempt to
establish a direct trade with Europe, which gave abundant pronii.-«e of ijood
results, both to the commercial and ship building interi'sts of the city. It has
already been referred to in this work, but it appropriately falls within the scope
of this sketch.

In the year 1830, the schooner Dean Richmond, of 37U tons, was luiilt l>y
Quayle & Martin in Cleveland, for C. J. Kershaw, of Chicago. This v.rs.<el wa.*
loaded with wheat, and under the command of Capt. I). C. Pierce, sailed fro'.u
Chicago to Liverpo<jl. She arrived in irood time, having made a quick pa>."<iire.
and astonished the English people by her rig, and I'roni the fact of her having
come from the inland lakes of America to Euroj)e. The schooner was sold in

IxBt 'lot t^vci -MLr 1<> hH'i t^wol ">«') r.o MiisM will )o .

i.-> liii-q '^',yv'i •ji.^vi vflv^ :i-;H''." !'irv;i..'! ^vasj »['>ki^.'j-i il'm .slii/d-f/CJibvai',) h.

;/ K'y 'to 'ir

US REFRLSEXTATIl'E MEX. i:,!»

Fiiverpool, ami lur nfw owners clianged her name to the Beliim, and j.lu>i'<l ii«r
in ihu Irul-- liotwccu Liverpool and Brazil, on which route bhe nia<lo «iai< k. uikI
t»ncoe!<KtuI trips.

in lx')l, thr .-iinie builders turned out the barfjue C. J. Kershaw, of ;;-^(> i<>iih
burthen, having built her tor Capt. D. C. Pierce, who was the pioneer eupiain
in the trade. The Kershaw was loaded with staves, cedar po3i.-» and black
walnut lurulnr. hi the Fall she started on her return with a load of cnx-kfry
and iron, but was twice driven back by terrific gales and had to go into dock
for repairs. This briiu;,--!!! her into St. Lawrence river so late, that she was
frozen in the Lachine Canal. Early in 1S.j8, she arrived in Cleveland with her
cargo in excellent order and to the perfect satisfaction of the consignees.

About the time that the Kershaw was launched, a small British schooner,
the Madeira Pet, of 123 tons, came from Liverpool through the rivers and Jakes
to Chicago, with a cargo ot hardware, cutlery, glass. S:c., on speculation. The
enterprise was not successful, and no more attempts were made to establish a
direct trade between Chicago and European ports.

During the Spring and Summer of 1858, several of the leading business men
of Cleveland entered with vigor into the trade, and a respectable tieet of vessels
was dispatched to European ports. A new Ijarque, the D. C. Pierce, was built
for Messrs. Pierce & Barney, and sent to Liverpool with a cargo of staves and
black walnut lumber. The saiue parties sent the C. J. Kershaw to London with
a similar cargo, and the Chieftain and Black Hawk, with the same kind of
freight. Mr. T. P. Handy sent the K. H. Harmon with staves and black walnut
lumber to Liverpool, the D. B. Sexton with a similar cargo to London, ami the
J. F. Warner with a cargo of the same kind to Glasgow. Mr. H. E. Howe
sent the new barque H. E. Howe to London with a cargo of staves and lumber.
Col. N. M. Standart sent the Correspondent to Liverpool with a load of wheat,
and Mr. C. Reis freighted the Harvest to Hamburgh with a cargo of lumber,
staves and fancy woods. -This made a fleet of ten vessels, owned and freighted
by Cleveland merchants, with a total tonnage of about o.GOO tons. Two vessels
were sent out from Detroit with similar cargoes, but the enterprise was pre
eminently a Cleveland one.

All of the Clevdaud fleet disposed of their cargoes to good advantage. Six
of them returned with cargoes of crockery, bar iron, pig iron, and salt. This part
of the trip also proved successful. It was the intention of the owners to sell
some of the vessels in Englaml. but the ^hippiug interests were so prostrated
that it was impossible to dispose of the ships at anything like a fair ]irice.

asm na-^ini^jjd ^uihssl 9ilJ Jo Ijjr-ivoe .?-(i8X lo Tjtufttu^ hita Vinhn^

tiui'f.v.' ;j;)af<! i'rii; aiy.'«Je liiiw nom-vfiH .H M b.ii Una ^bK^H .4 .'i
';:'UiT;,'^i! jinis lf->n"<) ,«!i»f'>-t-<v ni<:/ To Jo-ill a s.'veui <?ir{T- ?;i>oo'w V'^nii'y

!!«« .. ' --^i'^fi .r/o r*ilt 111 i)V»i^'/ tjni '.nil nr,-» ?i .Mj'i>!*(!9;iriii8

160 CLEIEI.AM), r.lSJ .1X1) I'J(hSi:XT:

They therefore still nnmimij in thu Imndrf of Cleveland owners, but four of ihem
did not return to th.' L;ike3. Th» L). V. Sexton went up the Mediterranean ;
the H. E. Howe went on a vo3'!i^t; to South America, tlie Harvest to the West
Indies, and the (.'. J. Kcr^ihaw was employed in the Mciliti-rranean trade. Wher-
ever any of the Cleveland vessels went they called forth complimentary remarks
by their tieetness and steadiness in heavy weatlier.

In the foUuwinjT year other vesseJa were sent out and made successful trips.
The remarkable sea ffoinjj: (jualities exhiliited \>y thes'e lake-built crafts, outsailing,
as they did, ocean clippers and weathering gales that sent seagoiufr ships tlying
helpless before the storm, attracted the attention of Eastern ship-owners, and
orders were received for ves.sels to be built for the Atlantic coasting trade. The
outbreak of the war gave a severe check to the direct trade, which passed into
the hands of an English firm who still continue to run vessels between Cleveland
and Liverpool, and in the depressed condition of the American carrying trade on
the ocean there was no longer a demand for new vessels for the coasting trade.
With a revival of business in that line, and an enlargement of the canals
between Lake Erie and tidewater, so as to allow the passage of larger vessels,
there is a probability that a brisk demand for Cleveland vessels for the salt
water will yet spring up.

m

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sijiii>j.) oi'u Ho ■fi') iis 5u/j ,'.»in; liiih ,ti Knyoisiid

.dy-i-^'j-/ -TMyi/i! . i ■"■» '/oiU I'J bjf nr .v»3i(7«'.'>.'.>ii bur, , .,, ,,.,,,,.jii

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. Uil

SETH W. JOHNSON.

The name of Seth W. Johnson has for more than thirty years been
closely and prominently identified witli the sliip building interests of
Cleveland. He saw the business in its infancy, was largely accessory
to its growth into the important proportions it at last assumed, and
though no longer engaged in the business, his withdrawal from it is
so recent that the mention of his name suggests, to those familiar
with the affairs of the city for a number of years, the incessant
tapping of the shipwrights' hammers and visions of skeleton ships
gradually assuming the form and substance in which they are to
carry the commerce of the great West to market.

Mr. Johnson was a native of Middle Haddara, Middlesex county,
Connecticut, his mother, who died October IT, ISfiS, being formerly
Miss Mary Whitmore, born at Middletown, Middlesex county. Conn.,
in ITSO, and his father, Henry Johnson, born in 1776, and died July
6, 1SG9. Seth W. Johnson was the second son and third child of a
family of nine, all of whom, with both father and mother, were alive
on the 16th of October, 1S6S, the oldest child being then about
sixty-one years old, and the youngest over forty.

Young Johnson worked with his father a short time as a farmer.
but not feeling in his element in the plow field or in the cow yard,
he followed the bent of his mechanical tastes, and engaged himself
to work in a ship yard. He commenced work in this line when about
fourteen years old, and served out his full apprenticeship of seven
years, when he set up in business for himself, taking full cliarge of
the work of finishing ships. This he carried on for three years with
considerable success.

But New England, he rightly judged, was too narrow a field for
the young man who wished to improve his prospects and with narrow
means lay the foundation of a liberal competence. The "West oil'ered
the most promise, and to the "West he accordingly came., taking his
kit of tools with him. Landing in Cleveland in the Fall of 1S34, he
satisfied himself that here was the proper place for the exercise of his
11

JDodis nasii ■%niod Lduh -jaoRIo B(U ,?*()^r ,19'

\-:'i ivin) B vtf^ eraij Ji ..

^bifi'f woo &iU ai TO Mt)fl -T/ofa atU ai

l62 CLEl'ELAXn, PAST AXD PRESENT:

knowledge and aliilities, and here, accordin;;ly, he prepared to make
his home. Before settlin^^ down to !^t('a(ly l)usiness in Cleveland he
made a trip to Perrysl)nr,:U'h, on the Mauniee, where he assisted in
finishing the Commodore Perry. This work done he returned to
Cleveland in the Spring of 1S35, and opened his ship yard, at first
confining himself to the repair of vessels. But soon he was called
on to build as well as repair. The steamboat Constellation was
completed by him at Black River, and the steamboat Robert Fulton,
built at Cleveland by Gridith, Standart ^ Co.

In 1841, Mr. Johnson associated with him Mr. E. Tisdale, and the
firm of Johnson & Tisdale accjuired honorable fame a? ship builders
along the entire chain of lakes and beyond. The copartnership
lasted nineteen years. Before the formation of this partnership, Mr.
Tisdale had commenced the building of a railway for docking vessels,
and this was the first firm to lift vessels for the purpose of repairing
them. With his first work, in 1S35, in Cleveland, he commenced the
acquisition of vessel property, and steadily pursued the policy of
taking this kind of stock, until he became a large ship owner as well
as ship builder.

The discovery of the mineral resources of the Lake Superior
region attracted a large number of i)eople to that locality, the only
feasible means of communication with which was by lake. The Saut
rapids prevented the assent of vessels from the lower lakes, and to
meet the requirements of the trade that suddenly sprung into
existence two vessels were built on Lake Superior, the freights being
carried across the portage around the rapids. These vessels being
insufficient for the needs, it became a question whether others could
not be taken across the portage from below and launched on the
waters of the upper lake. Messrs. Johnson it Tisdale thought it could
be done, and took the contract for thus transporting the schooner
Swallow and steamer Julia Palmer. They were hauled two miles
on greased slides or ways and safely launched on the bosom of the
" father of lakes." The undertaking was considered one of great
difficulty, if not of absolute impossibility, and its success gave ^lessrs.
Johnson & Tisdale widespread notoriety.

When the first considerable fleet of Lake-built vessels left
Cleveland for European ports direct — as already described in this
volume — Mr. Johnson took one of his vessels, loaded with staves.
She made a successful voyage, remained in Europe two years,
engaged in the coasting trade, and then returned. His strange
looking craft attracted considerable attention among the skippers of

!i mdo

)0i8 to

3 B»

I

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;■•'■

ITS REPRESEKTATIIE MEN. \i\:\

nhoiit fctrty sea-croing: vessels ^vinl] bound at the same time at tin*
L.irnlV Knd, and much ridicule was thrown on iier odd lo(d:s, so unlikr
the Kii-lirfii salt water shipping. But the laugh came in on thtr oth.-r
sidi' when !ier superior sailing (jualities enabled her to run so cl(»e
to the wind as to quickly double the point, make her port, unhiad
and reload, and sail for another voyage before one of the others could
beat around the Land's End and get in. Since that time he has b<»id
two ve.-scls, the Vanguard and Howell Hoppeck, to be placed by
other parlies in the direct line between Cleveland and Liverpool.

^!r. Johnson lias taken considerable interest in matters outside of
the ship building business, but which aided in developing the trade
and increasing the prosperity of Cleveland. He aided in the
formation of some of the railroad enterprises of the city although he
has now withdrawn his interests from all but one. He also was
interested in the Commercial Insurance Comj)any, but has retired
from active business and devotes his whole care to the management
of his property, which has been added to by large investments in real
estate in various portions of the Southern States.

He was married July 15, IS-iO, to Miss A. S. Norton of Middle Had-
dam, Conn., the native place of both, and by the marriage has had
three children. The oldest, a daughter, died when seven years old ;
the two sons are still living, the oldest being engaged in the coilee
and tea business in Buffalo, X. Y., with his father ; the other at
present being in North Carolina engaged in the lumber trade.

With commendable prudence Mr. Johnson has known when to
quit active business and enjoy the fruits of his labor while he has a
healthy mind and body capable of enjoying it, and which, without
accident, he undoubtedly will have for many years to come. Hard
work and close attention to business have been the cause of his
success, and hence he will be able to appreciate the blessings of an
ample competency. In social life ^[r. Johnson is looked upon as a
man of genial temperament, kindly disposition, and strong social
qualities. He is universally respected by all who know him.

arfl m

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KU CLEI-EIASD. PAST AXD PRESEXT:

THOMAS QUAYLE.

The names of Quayle and Martin are as familiar in the mouths of
vessel men on tlie lakes as household words. The firm attained
honorable prominence in the ship buildin^^ records of Cleveland, and
their work is among the best that floats upon the western waters.

Thomas Qnavle,the senior member of the firm of Quayle A: Martin,
was born in the Isle of Man, May 9th, ISU, and came to America in
1S2T, coming straight to Cleveland, where he has remained ever since.
He learned his trade of ship building from Mr. Church, of Huron,
Ohio, who enjoyed an excellent reputation in-tliat line. Al'ler work-
ing as journeyman till 1^47, he formed a copartnership with John
Codey, and at once started business. This firm lasted about three
years, during which time, among other work, they built a vessel
named the Caroline, and another, the Shakespeare. When the last
named was completed, the California fever had just broken out. Mr.
Codey caught the disease, the firm dissolved, and he went olf to the
land of gold. Mr. Quayle soon after associated himself with Luther
Moses, with whom he did business for about two years, during which
time they did an almost incredible amount of business, considering
the short space of time, having from six to seven vessels on the stocks
at once, and turning out two sets a year. One year after Mr. Moses
left the firm a copartnership was formed with John ^lartin.

The new firm at once went into business on a large scale. From
the time of their organization to the present, the firm built seventy-
two vessels, comprising brigs, schooners, barques, tugs, and propel-
lers. In one year they built tliirteeu vessels, and eight vessels, com-
plete, in a year has been no unfrequent task successfully performed.
Among others, they built the barque W. T. Graves, which carried the
largest cargo of any fresh water vessel afloat. The propeller Dean
Richmond is another of their build, and is also one of the largest on
the lakes; besides these, four first class vessels built for Mr. Frank
Perew, deserve mention as giving character to Cleveland ship l)nild-
ing. They are named the Mary E. Perew, D. P. Dobbin, Chandler J.
Wells, and J. G. Marston. Besides the building of vessels, they have
for some years been owners of ves-^els, and are at present inter-
ested in several large craft. The firm of Quayle & Martin recently

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lini<ho(l a now tug of tlieir own, tlie J. H. Martin intended to W used
l.y thoni in the ]>ort of Erie.

Mr. C^)uaylo was married in 1S35, to Eleanor Cannon, of the Isle of
Man, l»y whom he has had eleven children, of whom seven are livitii:.
The eldest son, Thomas, is ship builder by trade, and is still connectt'd
with the vessel interests, though not building them. W. 11. is alh(! of
the same trade as his father, and engaged with him, as is also (Jeo. L.
Clias, K. has been a number of years with Alcott tV' Ilorton.

31 r. (^iiayle stands high among the citizens of Cleveland for inteij-
rity r.iul sterling churacter generally. lie ahvays fultills his obliga-
tions, whether to employer or employed. He has worked hard with
his own hands, and given personal supervision to all his work, be-
lieving that the eye of the master and the hand of the workman
combined assure good work. He is strict in fulfilling all his contracts,
and in this way has acquired a tine reputation and a handsome fortune.
But that point has not been reached without a severe and continuous
struggle against adverse circun\stances, which were overcome only
by a determined will and patient labor tliat conquered all.

Mr. Quayle's lirst wife died in September, ISGO. He was married
again Febrnary Sth, 1S67, to Miss Mary Proudfoot, of this city.

ELIHU M. PECK.

Another of the ship builders who have assisted greatly in building
up the commerce and reputation of the port of Cleveland, is Elihu
M. Peck. The vessels built by him, or by the firm of Peck ifc Masters,
wliich existed about nine years, are known over the lakes. A larire
proportion of the work done, especially in the later years, was in the
cons-truction of propellers, of which several of the finest specimens
afloat were made in tliat yard.

Mr. Peck was born in Otsego county. New York, in 1S22, and on
reaching his sixteenth year, came west and learned the art of ship
building in this vicinity. On completing his education in this busi-
ness, he worked for a time as a journeyman. In 1S47, he set up for
himself, and his first work was the construction of the schooner
Jenny Lind, of 200 tons. When she was tiuished he ceased building

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166 CLEVELAXD, FAST AND PRESENT:

new vessels for some years, and turned his attention exclusively to
the repair of old vessels, at which he found abundant occupation.
His yard was always busy, for the growing lake marine demanded a
large and steadily increasing amount of annual repairs.

In 1S55, a partnership was formed with I. U. ^Slasters, and the new
firm immediately entered upon the construction of new vessels. The
first craft launched from their stocks was the Ocean "Wave, the first
of a fleet of fifty built by the firm previous to its dissolution and the
death of Mr. Masters. They form a fleet of which the builders had
good reason to be proud, for a glance at their names will recall the
whole history of the lake marine for the past fourteen years. What
strides have been made in the improvement of the lake marine is
plainly shown by the increase in the tonnage of the vessels built,
whilst to those familiar with the lake trade, the names will call up
recollections of the crafts that will give a yet better idea of the
progress made.

The barque Ocean Wave, the first built by the new firm, was fol-
lowed by the Julia Dean, of 460 tons. These were followed in rapid
succession by the Kenosha, schooner Iowa, 370 tons, barque B. S.
Shephard, 500 tons, schooners Ralph Campbell, 240 tons, A. H. Stevens,
240 tons, David Tod, 400 tons, and Ellen Williams, 3S0 tons ; barque
De Soto, 570 tons ; schooners John S. Newhouse, 370 tons, W. B. Cas-
tle, 230 tons, Baltic, 360 tons. Midnight, 370 tons, and J. T. Ayer, 3S0
tons. At this time they undertook the construction of propellers, and
the first two built were at once remarked for their correct propor-
tions, beauty of finish, and strength of hull. They were the Evergreen
City, 612 tons, and the Fountain City, 820 tons. The schooner Ellen
White, 160 tons, was built, and then the firm resumed work on pro-
pellers. The Comet, 624 tons, and Eocket of the same size, were
built and put into the railroad line running f-om Bufi'alo westward.
These were models of beauty and strength. Next came the schooners
Metropolis, zm tons, Mary B. Hale, 360 tons, and E. 31. Peck, lOS tons;
baniue Colorado, 503 tons; propeller Detroit, 30S tons; barques
Unadilla, 567 tons, C. P. Sherman, 5GS tons. Sunrise, 51)8 tons. Golden
Fleece, 600 tons, and Northwest, 630 tons ; tugs W. B. Castle, 219 tons
and I. U. Masters, 203 tons; barque S. V. P. Watson, 678 tons; pro-
peller Toledo, <)2l tons; tug Hector, 204 tons; propellers Winslow,
920 tons, Idaho, 920 tons, Atlantic, f'.GO tons, .Meteor, 730 tons, Pewabic,
730 tons, :i[etamora, 300 tons, and Octavia, 450 tons. This ended the
operations of the firm of Peck &:• Masters, in 1864. The firm was dis-
solved and Mr. Masters died.

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Mr. IVck now carried on liis ship yard alone, and his first w(.rk
was the lilliiii; of a contract to build two steam Revenue <iittor.s for
fiorvice on the lakes. The John Sherman, of 500 tons, and the A. W
Fessenden, of the same size, were turned out, and no hotter work
could possibly be found. The Government ofiicers promptly accepted
the vessels and declared them more than up to the requirements of
the contract. They were pronounced models of beauty, strength,
and speed.

The cutters were followed by the schooner Oak Leaf, 390 tons ;
propellers Messenger, 400 tons, and Nebraska, 1,300 tons, the latter,
one of the finest steamers put on the lakes ; schooner David Stewart,
675 tons ; propellers Manistee, 400 tons, and City of Concord, 400 tons.
Two other propellers, one of 1,000 tons, and one of about 300 tons,
were added in the season of 1S69.

It will be seen that nearly all the vessels, whether sail or steam,
built by 31r. Peck/^vere of the first class, being mainly barques and
large propellers. They will be recognized by those familiar with lake
commerce, as models in size, beauty, and strength, whilst several
have made unusually quick trips.

Mr. Peck has enjoyed an unusual measure of success. The work
of his hands has prospered, and he has earned his reward, not only in
reputation but in substantial prosperity'. He has aimed not only to
equal the best work done by others, but studied how to improve on
his own work. The result has been a constant improvement in the
style and quality of his vessels, so that excellent as the last new hull
may have been, it was almost sure to be excelled by the next one
that left the stocks. And whilst thus giving close attention to the
mechanical details of his business, he was skillful in managing the
financial part of it so as to secure the rewards honestly won by
industry and skill. He always kept his affairs in such order that no
serious financial difficulty ever troubled him.

Nor was he an avaricious, though a prudent man. A working man
himself, he was in thorough sympathy with his workmen, and in the
slack season, instead of discharging his men and thus entailing want
upon them, he built vessels on speculation, merely that he might
keep the men busy and their families from sulFering. Providentially
these speculations were always successful, thus illustrating the
proverb, that "there is he that scattcreth, and yet increaseth."

Mr. Peck took an active part in the formation of the People's Gas
Light Company, and is now president of that organization. He is
also a director of the Savings Loan Association.

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168 CLEVELAS'n, PAST AND PRESENT:

JOHJf MARTIN.

John Martin, of the firm of Quayle & Martin, was born in the
county of Antrim, Ireland, December 15th, 1S24, of poor parents,
with whom he came to Canada when but nine years of age. At
the age of fourteen he commenced working in a ship yard in
Montreal, by turning grindstone. He soon attracted the attention of
the proprietor by his using handily the tools of the workmen while
they were at dinner, and he was furnislied tools and set to work at
the trade. He continued in this employ for about two years, and
during tlie time, with a view to fitting himself for the business of life,
he attended school in the evenings. He then worked his passage to
French Creek, New York, having at the time of leaving only a dollar
and a half in money. At French Creek he engaged with G. S. Weeks,
one of the best ship builders on the lakes, and remained with him at
French Creek two years, when Mr. Weeks moved to Oswego, Mr.
Martin accompanying him to that place, and continuing in his employ
two years longer. Mr. Martin then went to Detroit, where he worked
a year on the steamboat Wisconsin.

In 184:3, he came to Cleveland and commenced work for G. W.
Jones, on the steamboat Empire. This work finished, he commenced
sub-contracting, wrecking, planking, and jobbing generally, until
1846, when he went into the employ of another firm, with whom he
worked two years.

At the end of that time his employers were owing him more than
they could pay, so, to square the matter, he bought an interest in
their business. But this did not mend the matter, as it proved to be
an interest in their debts, more than in their business, they being
deeply involved. The firm owned the brig Courtland, and one of the
members had sailed her for some time at a great loss. Young Martin
took his place and proved himself master of the situation, by reduc-
ing the liabilities of the firm to about .S2,500. That done he sold the
vessel, dissolved partnership, and commenced planking and general
jobbing again. After a time he built a vessel for ]\Ioses vt Quayle.
He found frequent employment in wrecking jobs, being very success-
ful at such work.

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The throe years thus occupied gave him a start in life. He .•U-in-d
oA" the indebteauess of the okl lirm and had $3,000 ahead. Ih- ih.-i,
took the contract for building the brig John G. Deshler, for Handy,
Warren ^ Co. This was a very successful contract, and gave Mr.
.Martin a handsome lift, and enabled him to take an interest Nvitb Mr.
Quayle, under the firm name of Quayle vt Martin, a brief mention of
its operations being made in the sketch of Mr. Quayle's life.

In 185S, Mr. Martin loaded the John G. Deshler and D. C. I'ierce
with staves and made a successful trip to England, and on the return
brodght one of the spans for the Victoria bridge at Montreal. In
1S50, he took over two more cargoes in the same vessels, selling one
in Cork, and the other in Glasgow. Nor was this the only connection
of the firm with the direct lake and ocean trade. They have built
vessels for Liverpool parties, for ocean service, and also two vessels for
New York parties for the same purpose. Six of these vessels have also
been sold out of the lake service for ocean navigation, and have been
used on the ocean for five or six years with great success. The John
G. Deshler, which had been transferred to the ocean, as previously
mentioned'was sunk by the rebels at the outbreak of the war, and
was a total loss to the firm. The latest work of the firm is a fine
vessel for A. Bradley, that will carry a thousand tons of iron ore.

Mr. Martin has proved himself admirably adapted to the line of
business it was his fortune to learn, and this, of course, together with
close attention to business, furnishes the clue to his success. He is
emphatically a self-made man, and can therefore appreciate the hand-
some competence that has crowned his labors so early in life, ho
being now but 4.5 years of age.

During the war Mr. Martin was actively and earnestly on the
side of- the Government. He was never idle, and always ready lo
furnish his share, and far more than his sliare, to the work of suppress-
ing the rebellion. He furnished three substitutes for the army, and
was active in promoting volunteering.

Mr. Martin was married to Miss Mary Picket,, of Devonshire, Eng-
land, whose father and grandfather were both Episcopal clergymen.
Three children were born of tiiis marriage; a son, who is now book-
keeper for the firm, and two daughters.

Mr Martin has enjoved the confidence of his neighbors to so high
a degree, that he has represented the Ninth Ward in the City Council
for six successive years.

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The Beiicli and Bar.

^ '- ^"jHE leading- points in the historj' of legal affairs in Cleveland liaTe already
^4/^«-s7 been noticed wiili sufficient fullness in the sketch of the history of Cleve-
^j\- r^ land, especially so far as relates more immediately to the earlier portion of
that history. The following biographical sketches give a good general idea of the
progress of affairs in relation to the Bench and Bar of the city within the active
life of the present generation. It is therefore unnecessary at this place to detail
more than a few incidental facts.

The township of Cleveland, of the county of Trumbull, was organized in 1800.
The first Justice of the Quorum, for the new township, was James Kingsbury, and
the first Justice, not of the Quorum, was Amos Spafford. The first constables were
Stephen Gilbert, and Lorenzo Carter.

In 1810, the county of Cuyahoga was organized and Cleveland made the county

seat. The court-house, of logs, was two years afterwards built on the Public Square,

as narrated in jirevious portions of this work. The county was organized on the

9th May, and on 5th of June a County Court was held with the following otilcerti :

Prcnding Judije. — Benjamin Kuggles.

Associate Judges. — Nathan Perry, Sen., Augustus (Jilbert, Timothy Doan.
Clerk. — John Walworth.
She riff -Smith S. Baldwin.

The first lawyer in Cleveland, under the county organization, arrived here the
same year and put out his shingle with the name of "Alfred Kelley' inscribrd
thereon. Previous to this the law business had all been done by Samuel Hunting-
ton, who arrived in 1801. At tlie time of the organization of the court, the court-
house had not been built, and the first session was held in Murray's store, which

171

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172 CLEVELAND, PAST AXD P RES EXT:

had just beou built. The Ihsi business was tht- fin(liD<>: of a bill by the p^rand jury
for petit larceny, and several for the offence of sellinj; whisky to Indians, and gelling
foreign goods without license.

The first execution was that of the Indian Omic, which took place June 24ih,
1812, as previously narrated.

In March, 1S3G, Cleveland was incorporated as a city, and henceforth to the
ordinary courts of the county was added a city court for cognizance of otlences against
the ordinances.

In the year 1848, a Superior Court was organized, with Sherlock J. Andrew as
judge, and G. A. Benedict as clerk. This court existed but a short time, when it
expired by reason of the adoption of the new constitution of the State, which made
no provision for its continuance.

In 1855, Cleveland was selected as the seat of a District and Circuit Court of the
United States.

As a matter of curiosity, the following list of Attorneys and Counsellors in
Cleveland, in 1837, is taken from McCabe's Cleveland and Ohio City Directory, those
not practising at that time being marked with an asterisk : Joseph Adams, John
W. Allen, Sherlock J. Andrews, Oliver P. Baldwin, J. hn Barr, Phillip Battel!, George
A. Benedict, Henry W. Billings, Elijah Bingham,* Flavius Bingham, Thomas Bolton,
James A. Briggs, Varnum J. Card, Leonard Case,* Bichard M. Chapman, Alexander
L. Collins, James L. Conger, Samuel Cowles,* Henry H. Dodge, John Erwin, Simeon
Ford, John A. Foot, James K. Hitchcock, George Hoadly, James M. Hoyt, Seth T.
Hurd. Moses Kelley, George T. Kingsley, William B. Lloyd, George W. Lynde,
Samuel Mather, Daniel Parish, Henry B. Payne, Francis Randal, Harvey Rice, O. S
St. John, Wyllys Silliman, George W. Stanley, Samuel Starkweather, John M. Ster-
ling,* Charles Stetson, Charles Whittlesey, Frederick Whittlesey,* John W. Willey,*
Samuel Williamson, Hiram V. Wilson.

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ALFRED KELLEY.

Alfred KfUoy was born at jMiddletown, Conn., Nov. 7th, 1780. He
was the second son of Daniel and Jemima Kelley. His mother's
maiilen name was Stow. She was a sister of Jndge Joshua Stow, and
aNo «»f Jiuljre Sihis Stow of Lowville, N. Y. The latter was the father
of Jud-re Horatio Stow, of Bullalo, N. Y., and of Alexander Stow,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Wisconsin, both of whom were
men of <,'reat talents and distinction. In the winter of 1798, Alfred
Kelley removed with his fathers family to Lowville, N. Y. His
father was President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Lewis
county, N. Y,, was one of the founders of Lowville Academy and
President of its Board of Trustees.

Alfred KoUey was educated at Fairfield Academy, N. Y. He read
law at Whitesboro, N. Y., three years, in the office of Jonas Piatt, a
judge of the Supreme Court of that State.

In tlie Spring of 1810, in company with Joshua Stow, Dr. J. P.
Kirtland, and others, he removed to Cleveland, traveling on horse-
1jack. At the November term 1810, on motion of Peter Hitchcock,
Alfred Kelley was admitted as an attorney of the Court of Common
Pleas for Cuyahoga county. On the same day, being his 21st birth
day, lie was appointed Public Prosecutor as the successor of P-eter
Hitchcock, late Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Mr.
Kelley continued Prosecutor till 1821, when he resigned. In October
1811, he was elected from Cuyalinga county a member of the Ohio
House of Representatives, being barely old enough under the Consti-
tution when the Legislature met to take his seat in that body and
being the youngest member. Chillicothe was theii the temporary
State capital.

On the 25th of August, 1817, Alfred Kelley was married to Mary S.
Welles, oldest daughter of 3Iajor Melanchthon Wolsey Welles, of
Lowville, N. Y. They had eleven children of whom six are now
living.

He continued, with intervals, a member of tlie Ohio Legislature
from Cuyahoga county, from 1814 until 1822, when he was appointed.

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174 CLEVELA.\'D, PAST AND PRESENT:

with others, State Canal Commissioner, by an act of the General
Assembly, empowering:; the Commissioners to make examinations,
surveys and estimates, to ascertain the practicability of connecting
Lake Erie with the Oliio River, by canal.

The Ohio Canal is a monument to the enterprise, energy,
integrity and sagacity of Alfred Kelley. Pie was acting Commis-
sioner during its construction and the onerous and responsible
service was performed with such hdelity and economy that the actual
cist did not exceed the estimate ! The dimensions of the Ohio Canal
were the same as those of the Erie Canal of N. Y., but the number of
locks was nearly double. The Erie Canal was 363 miles in length, its
total cost was §7,143,789, and cost per mile 819,679. The Ohio Canal
is 307 miles in length, its total cost was =?4,695,S21, and cost per mile
$15,300, being less than that of any other canal constructed on this
continent. The Ohio Canal was linished about 1830. The labor in
the then facilities for conducting important public enterprises w as
Herculean, but Mr. Kelley's indomitable will, and iron constitution
and physique triumphed over all difficulties. Mr. Kelley neither
charged nor received any pay for his first year's services in superin-
tending the preliminary explorations and surveys for the Ohio Canal.
The pay of the Acting Canal Commissioner was S3,00 per day. When
the work was done he resigned as Canal Commissioner, and retired
from public service to attend to his private atlairs, and recuperate his
shattered constitution and health. In the Fall of 1830, he became a
resident of Columbus. In October, 1836, he was elected to the Ohio
House of Representatives from Franklin county, and was re-elected
to the same office in the next two Legislatures. He was Chairman of
the Ohio Whig State Central Committee in 1810, a year distinguished
for a great political revolution and the election of Wm. H. Harrison
to the Presidency, and was one of the most active and influential
managers of that campaign.

Mr. Kelley was appointed State Fund Commissioner in 1840, a
period of great financial embarrassment and distress. In 1841 and '4:2,
a formidable party arose in the Legislature and in the State, which
advocated the non-payment of the maturing interest upon the State
debt, and the repudiation of the debt itself. This was a time which
indeed tried the souls of men. Mr. Kelley went to New York, and
such was the confidence reposed in his integrity and practical
ability— notwithstanding the underhanded and atrocious means
employed by the repudiators, to defeat his object— that he was
enabled to raise in that city (where no one could be found willing to

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ITS REPRESENTATll'E MEN. k:,

loan money to the sovereign State of Ohio) nearly a quart. t of a
inillion <>f doUars on his own personal security, and thus l.y !iis
generous i-llort-s, and by his alone, the interest was paid at maturiiy,
and the Slate of Ohio was saved from repudiation. At the time that
Mr. Kelh'y thus volunteered liimself as security for the State, (an ati
which was done contrary to the advice of his friends.) such was the
unenlightened state of public opinion, such the moral obtu>-ene>s of
some, nay, many men in power, that the chances were a hundred to
one tliat no eflective measure would be adopted to save the public
credit — none to indemnify him.

In lS-14. he was elected to the State Senate from the Franklin
district. It was during this term that he originated the bill to
organize the State Bank of Ohio, and other banking companies,
which by general consent among bankers and financiers, was the
best of x\merican banking laws. His banking system was success-
fully in operation during the whole twenty years of its charter.
Many of the most valuable provisions of the present National bank-
ing law were taken from Mr. Kelley's bill to " organize the State
Bank of Ohio." Many of the provisions of this law were original
and novel, and evinced deep thought and a x^rofound knowledge of
this department of political science. For several years, and during
some of the most trying periods in the financial history of Ohio, and
of the country, Mr. Kelley was a member of the Board of Control
of the State Bank of Ohio; and part of the time was President of the
Board. It was also during this Senatorial term that Mr. Kelley
originated the present Revenue system of the State. The main
principles of this Revenue or Tax law were subsequently incorpo-
rated in tlie new Constitution of Ohio.

While Mr. Kelley was a member of the Legislature few valuable
general laws can be found in the Statute books which did not
originate with him, and most of the measures requiring laborious
investigation and profound thought were entrusted to him. He was
the author, in 1S18, of the first Legislative bill— either in this country
or in Europe— to abolish imprisonment for debt.

It then failed to become a law. In a letter to a friend, dated Jan.
16th, 1810, Mr. Kelley said : "The House has to-day disagreed by a
small majority, to my favorite bill to a])olish imprisonment for debt.
I was not disappointed, although at lirst, a large mnjority seemed in
favor of it. The time will come when the absurdity as well as
inhumanity of adding oppression to misfortune will be acknowledged;
and if I should live to see that day I shall exult in the consciousness

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l7Cy CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

of having early coml)atted one of the worst prejudices of tlie age."
In lb31, t]ie Legislature of New York passed the first law abolisliing
imprisonment for debt.

At the end of this Senatorial term lie was elected President of the
Columbus & Xenia Railroad Company, and was actively engaged
upon all the duties of that enterprise until it was finished ; soon after
which he resigned. While this road was in progress, upon the
urgent solicitation of the active promoters of the C, C. & C. K. R.,
Mr. Kelley accepted the Presidency of that Company, and began the
work with his usual order and ability.

His zeal and labors upon this enterprise were only surpassed in
his work upon the Ohio Canal. He solicited subscriptions to the
capital stock ; located much of the route; procured rights of way;
attended in person to tlie purchase of materials; the procuring of
money, and the details of the construction of the road, and continued
the ever working president of the road until he resigned, a short
time after its completion. With his own hands he dug the first shovel
of earth, and laid the last rail upon this road. It is but just to say,
that the citizens of Cleveland and the people of Ohio are more
indebted to x\lfred Kelley than to any other man for the C, C. & C. R.
R. He was still acting president of the C. & X. and the C, C. &
C. Companies, when he was chosen, in 1850, president of the C, P. &
A., or Lake Shore R. R, Company. He was actively engaged upon
this road in the performance of duties similar to those done upon the
C, C. tfe C, road until its completion in 1853, when he resigned. It
was while he was presid?nt of this road that the famous riots occurred
at Erie and Harbor Creek, Pa., in opposition to the construction of
the road through Pennsylvania. The success of the company in this
formidable contest was h^rgely due to the sagacity, forbearance and
indomitable will of Alfred Kelley. When he took charge of tliese
railroads, such enterprises at the West had but little credit at the
East. The roads constructed by him have paid regular dividends
from the time of their completion. He continued until his death an
active director in these companies.

In October, ls57, he was again elected to the State Senate from
Columbus, being then CA years of age, and the oldest member of tlie
Legislature. This was his last appearance in public lite. During
the last year of this service his health was declining. Although so
much debilitated that prudence required confinement to hi- Ik.ii-^p,
if not to his bed, yet such was his fidelity to his trust, that he wont
paily to the Senate and carried through the Legislature several

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. \11

iinrKirtaiil luoasurcs to ascertain the true condition of tlie State
Tr«'asiirv, ami to secure the public funds from further dei.redation-.

At tin- iMid of this term lie retired from public life hu])in<: to rciraiti
his health ; l)ut his constitution was too much broken to admit ol
of re-esiMblishment. He did not appear to be afl'ected with any
sporific ilisease, but seemed gradually wasting away from an over-
taxed mind and body. His oft quoted maxim was, " It is better to
wear out than to rust out," He was only confined to his room a few
davs previous to his death, and on Friday, the 2d day of December,
iNl-'i, his pure spirit left its earthly tenement so gently that the friends
who surrounded him could scarcely determine when it ascended.
Mr. Kelley was twenty-four years in the service of the people of
Oliio, in the Legislature, and as Canal Commissioner, and Fund Com-
nwssioner. His history w^ould be almost a complete financial and
political history of Ohio. He gave a greater impulse to the physi-
cal development of Ohio, and left upon its statute books higher proofs
of wisdom and forecast tiian any who had preceded him. Indeed,
few persons have ever lived who, merely by personal exertions, have
left behind them more numerous and lasting monuments of patient
and useful labor.

NoTK. — For mucli of this sketch wo are indebted to an unpublished " Memoir of Alfred
• Kellev," bv the late Judge Gustavus Swan, of Columbus.

LEONARD CASE

The late Leonard Case w^as the second child and oldest son of
Magdalene and i\[esech Case, of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania.
His mother, who was a native of Winchester, Virginia, was of German
extraction, her maiden name being Extene. His father, believed to
have been of English ancestry, was born in Sussex county. New
Jersey. For nearly forty years ]\lr. Mesech Case sulfered. from asthma
to the extent of making him a partial invalid, and hence much of the
management of !iis atlairs devolved upon his wife, a woman of supe-
rior character, educated beyond the average of those days, energetic,
having good executive ability, and blessed with robust health. The

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178 CLEJ'ELAM), PAST A S l) PR ESEXT:

family cultivated a srnal! farm in IVnnsylvania. wiii'-li yielded but a
moderate support, so that when news canu' ot'tlie land of rich promi?e
beyond the mountains, whore the muI yielded witli an abundance
marvellous in tlie eyes oi' those v.ho painfully ciiltivated and carefullj'
gathered in the older States, (hey collected their implements and
stock, packed tiieir household eH'ccts, disposed of the farm, and^ cross-
ing: the mountains, settled down somewhere between the western
foot of the Alleghanies and Pittsburgli. This, however, was not tlie
land of promise. The reports they had heard in their Westmoreland
home of the soil whicli i)roducrd crops idniost without care, and
"wdiich embarrassed by I heir abundant yield, came from still farther
west, and again the Case household took up the line of march, settling
down linally upon a farm of two hundred acres near Warren, Trum-
bull county, Ohio, in the year ISOO.

There were then live children in the Case household, Leonard, the
oldest son, and the subject of this biographical sketch, being then
sixteen years old, having been born in Westmoreland county, Penn.,
July 20th, 1TS4. In the invalid condition of his father, and being the
oldest son of the family, young Leonard was compelled to take a
prominent part in the management of the affairs of the farm. In the
Spring succeeding the removal to Trumbull, he started out in search
of working oxen needed for the Spring work. The task was a difficult
one, and he traveled for some time, becoming much heated with the
walk and the anxiety. On his return he had to cross a stream several
times whilst he was in this heated condition, the result being the
contracting of a severe cold whicli settled in his limbs and brought
on an intlammatiou that conhned him to his bed for months.

It was late in the Fall of ISOl, when he recovered sufficiently to
arise from his bed. But he arose as a cripple. The injury he had
received from his unfortunate journey was permanent, and he was
unable for some time after his rising from a sick bed to walk, or even
to stand. Thus helpless in body, whilst active in njind, he pondered
over his future. As a farmer he was no longer of any use, and unless
some other mode of livelihood was adopted he must remain a de-
pendent on his relations. This was galling his independ»MU nature,
and he deierniined to avoid it if possible.

His hands were free if his feet gave promise of but little useful-
ness, lie concluded that the pen wouhl lie a litter implement for his
purposes than the plow, and he took measures accordingly. Wiiiist
lying in lied, unaltlo to rise, he had a board fastenetl ])efore him in such
a manner as to serve tor a desk. With this contrivance he worked

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diliiTfiitly, whilst lying otherwise helpless, to acquire tlie nulinKMits
of knowk'dire. He learned to write and cipher with niodcrato o:iso
and rorroctness, and when he liad matured the contents ol" an aritli-
riu'ticul text book, which was the property of his mother, he horrowtMl
A lew works on (lie higher branches of mathematics from some sur-
vivors in the neighborhood. From the knowledge in this way
arquirod, he conceived the desire to be a surveyor and he set to
work fueri^etically to perfect himself in that science so far as it could
bf done by books. He was embarrassed by the want of even the most
simple instruments. A semi-circle for measuring angles was made
by outtiuij a groove the required shape on a piece of soft wood, and
lilling it by melting and running in a pewter spoon, making an arc of
metal on which the graduated scale was etched. A pair of dividers
was improvised from a piece of hickory, by making the centre thin
bending it over, putting pins at the points, and regulating its spread
b\' twisting a cord.

iiut more education was needed, and if he expected to pursue the
path he had marked out in his mind, he must leave his home and
venture out in the world. To do this, money was needed, for to a
cripple like him the first struggle in the battle of life would be
almost hopeless, if he entered on it totally without resources. As
seen, he iiad already manifested a strong mechanical bent. He was
domestic carpenter, making and repairing such articles as were
needed in the household. This ability he immediately commenced
to turn to account. A rude chair suitable to his needs was mounted
on wheels, and in this he was able to reach the edge of the woods
surrounding the house, where he cut twigs and made baskets, wliicli
were purchased by the neigiibors. Other jobs requiring mechanical
skill were done by him for the neighborhood, and in this way a small
fund was gradually accumulated with which to make his meditated
start in life.

In lSOr>, he was able to set out from home and reach the village of
Warren, where he concluded that a better opportunity existed for
obtaining work with his pen. He found employment as clerk in the
Land Commissioner's ottice, where his industry, zeal, and strong
desire to improve both his knowledge and o]»portunities, soon brouglit
him into notice and gained tor him many valuable friends. Chief
among these was Mr. John D. Edwards, a lawyer, holding the ollicc
of recorder of Trumbull county, which tlien comprised all the Western
Reserve. Mr. Kdwards proved a fast friend to ^[r. Case, and his
memory was ever held in respect by the latter. He advised the

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180 CLEVELAXD, VAST AND PRESENT:

young clerk to add a knowledge of law to his other acquirments, and
furnished him with books with which to prosecute his studies, until
he was at length admitted to the bar. In addition, he gave him such
writing as fell in his way to be given out, and thus aided in enabling
him to support himself.

The war of 1S12 found Mr. Case at Warren, having, among his other
duties, that of the collection of non-resident taxes on the Western
Reserve, for which he had to furnish what was then considered
heavy bail. Having to go to Chillicothe to make his settlement, he
prepared for the journey by making a careful disposition of all his
official matters, so that in case of misfortune to him, there would be
no dilliculty in settling his ailairs, and no loss to his bail. The money
belonging to the several townships was parcelled out, enveloped, and
marked in readiness to hand over to the several trustees. The parcels
were then deposited with his friend, Mr. Edwards, with directions to
pay over to the proper parties should he not return in time. The
journey was made without mishap, but on his return Mr. Case found
that his friend had set out to join the army on the Maumee, and had
died suddenly on the way. To the gratification of Mr. Case, however,
the money was found where he had left it, untouched.

In ISIG, Mr. Case received the appointment of cashier of the
Commercial Bank of Lake Erie, just organized in Cleveland. He
immediately removed to Cleveland and entered on the discharge of
his duties. These did not occupy the whole of his time, so with the
avocations of a banker he coupled the practice of law and also the
business of land agent. The bank, in common with most of the
similar institutions of the time, was compelled to suspend operations,
but was revived in after years with Mr. Case as president. Of those
who were connected as officers with the original organization, Mr.
Case gave the least promise of a long life, but yet he outlived all
his colleagues.

With the close of the bank he devoted himself more earnestly to the
practice of the law" and the prosecution of his business as a land agent.
The active practice of the law was abandoned in 1S34, but the land
agency was continued until a comparatively recent period, when his
infirmities, and the care of his own estate, grown into large propor-
tions, rendered it necessary for him to decline all business for others.

Mr. Case had a natural taste for the investigation of land titles
and studying the history of the earlier land owners. His business as
a land agent gave him scope for the gratification of this taste, and his
appointment as agent for the management of the Western Reserve

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. Ksi

srli.M.l laiuls, enabled him stili i'urther to prosecute hi> re-iMivlu-H,
uliilsl his ^t^o^g memory retained tlie facts acquired until he iM-.amt;
coiiii.I.-te master ol" the whole history of the titles derived fioiii iho
("(Miii.Tticut Land Company.

From his earliest connection with Cleveland, Mr. Case lodk u
lively inlerest in the aflairs of the villa^^e, the improvement of
the btrr-cts, nuiintenance and enlary:ement of the schools, and tlie
extension of religious intluences. For all these purposcb he <(»n-
trilujted liberally, and spent much time and labor. To his thought-
tuiness and public spirit are due the commencement of the work of
planlinir shade trees on the streets, which has added so much to the
beaut}' of the city, and has won for it the cognomen of the Forest
City. From lS21\to 1825. he was president of the village, and was
judicious and energetic in the management of its aflairs. On the
erection of Cuj^ahoga county, he was its first auditor. He was sub-
sequently sent to the State Legislature, where he distinguished him-
self by his persistent labors in behalf of the Ohio canals. He headed
the subscription to the stock of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin-
nati Railroad Company with the sum of five tJiousand dollars, and
became a director in the Company. His good sense, a judgment that
rarely erred, his extensive knowledge of the village and surrounding
country, and the cheerful readiness with which he gave counsel,
whenever requested in good faith, caused him to be the confidential
adviser of the county and municipal officials', after he had ceased to
take an active part in public aflairs.

One of the rules from which he never deviated, was in no case to
contract a debt beyond his ability to pay within two years without
depending on a sale of property. In this way he was enabled to
accumulate acre after acre in what has since proved to be valuable
portions of the city, and thus to acquire a vast estate, which, in his
later years, became steadily remunerative.

Mr. Case was a man of uncommon industry, of high integrity,
and strong common sense. His manner to strangers, especially when
interrupted in business, was brusque, and gave an unfavorable impres-
sion to those unacquainted with his real character, which was
uniformly cheerful and kind. As a seller of land, he was both just
and generous, and from no one ever came the complaint of oppressive
or ungenerous treatment. Although not a member of any church
organization, he had strong religious tendencies, of a liberal cast.

Mr. Case died December 7th, 1SG4, leaving one son, Leonard Case,
the other son, William, having died a short time earlier.

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182 CLErtl.lM). I'.isr .1X1) I' RE. SI:. Mr.

UKUliEN WOOD.

Honorable Keuben Wood, an early settler of Cleveland, was born
in Rutland county, Vermont, in 171)2. In early life he worked on a
farm in Summer and taught school in Wijiter. Resolving to achieve
more than this, he went to Canada and studied the classics under the
tuition of an English clergyman, and while there commenced the
study of law with Hon. Barnabas Bidwell. When war was declared
in 1812, young Wood' with all other resident Americans were
required to leave Canada. He then w'ent to Middletown, Vt., where
he completed his legal studies in the office of Gen. Jonas Clark, an
eminent lawyer of that place.

In ISIS, he married, and emigrated to Clevelaud, where he arrived
September of that year, a stranger, and without money. He at once
entered upon a successful practice, and soon became distinguished as
a lawyer and advocate.

In 1825, he was elected a member of the State Senate, and was
twice re-elected to the same position.

In 1830, he was elected President Judge of the Third Judicial
Circuit.

In 1833, he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court, and at the
close of his term was re-elected. For the last three years of his
second term he was Chief Justice. As a Judge he was noted for
sound logic, and the clearness of his decisions.

In 1850, Judge Wood was elected by the Democratic party
Governor of the State by eleven thousand majority, and was re-
elected Governor in 1851, under the new constitution, by a majority
of twenty-six thousand.

In 1853, he was appointed, by the Government, Consul to
Valparaiso, South America. While there, he, for some months, at
the request of the Government, discharged the duties of a ]\[inister
Plenipotentiary to Chili.

On his return from Chili, he returned to hi> farm in Rockport,
near Cleveland, where he died, October 2, IStJ-i, generally esteemed,
and highly respected by all who knew him.

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JOHN W. WILLEV.

.IoImi \V. Willey was a native of New Hampsliiro, beinii Innu in
Ii'.«7. Ik' imrsued a regular course of study at Dartnioutli I'dIK-lcc,
hiuKt the encouragement of the distinguislied Pre^ideni U'liet'luck,
alter whom he had been named. He studied hiw in New York.

In lvi2, being then twent\'-iive years of age, he came West and
settled in Cleveland. At that time it had but one tavern, no church,
no railroads, no cannl. an occasional steamboat only, three or four
stores and a few hundred inhabitants ; such was the then picture of a
settlement now- approaching to a city of a hundred thousand people.
Small as Cleveland then was, professionally, Mr. Willey had l»een
preceded by men of decided ability. Alfred Kelley, Leonard Case,
and the late Gov. Wood, had taken possession of the Held four, six
and twelve years before him, and were men of far more than ordinary
ability. Mr. Willey was peculiarly adapted to such circumstances as
these. Thoroughly versed in legal principles, of a keen and pene-
trating mind, a logician by nature, fertile and ready of expedi-Mit,
with a persuasive eloquence, enlivened with wit and humor, he at
once rose to prominence at the bar of Northern Ohio. The Cuyahoga
bar was for many years considered the strongest in the State, but
amongst all of its talented members, each with his own peculiar
forte, for the faculty of close and long-continued reasoning, clearness
of statement, nice discrimination, and never ending ingenuity, he
had no superior.

In 1S27, Mr. Willey was partially withdrawn from practice, by
being elected to the Legislature, where he served three years as
Representative and three as Senator, until 1S32.

He was the first Mayor of Cleveland, being elected in ISoO, and
re-elected in 1S37, by large majorities, and prepared the original laws
and ordinances for the government of the city.

He was amongst the earliest projectors, prior to the reverses of
1836 and 1S3T, of the railroads to Columbus and Cincinnati, and to
Pittsburgh.

In 1840, he was appointed to the bench, thus restoring him to
those studies and subjects of thought from which years of public and

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184 CLE TELA XI), PAST AND PRESENT:

of business life had diverted liiiii. No sooner had he assumed this
new position than hy cunuuon consent it was recoirnized as the one
above all others he was best litted to adorn. Possessing the power
which so few men have, of close, concentrated, continuous thought,
he was at the same time promx>t in his decisions. Uis instructions
to juries, and his legal judgments, usually pronounced at consider-
able length, were marked by that precision of statement, clearness of
analysis, and felicity of language, which made them seem like the
flowing of a silver stream.

Judge Willey, at the time of his death, which occurred in June,
1841, was President Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District. He
died deeply regretted by a large circle of professional and other
friends, who had become much attached to him for liis many virtues,
uniform and digniiied, yet unostentatious life.

In the Western Law Journal for 1S.52, we find a judicial anecdote
related of Mr. Willey, in illustration of his wit, and immovable self-
possession. The writer says : "At his last term in Cleveland we
happened in while he was ijronouncing sentence upon a number of
criminals who had been convicted during the week, of penitentiary
offenses. One of them, a stubborn looking fellow, who, to the usual
preliminary question of whether he had anything to oiler why
the sentence of the law should not be prouounced upon him, had
replied somewhat truculently, that he had 'nothing to say,' but who
when the judge was proceeding in a few i)refatory remarks to
explain to the man how fairly he had been tried, etc., broke in upon
the court by exclaiming that 'he did'nt care if the court had
convicted him, he wasn't guilty a/i.y how.' 'That will be a consola-
tion to you,' rejoined the judge, with unusual benignity, and v>'ith a
voice full of sympathy and compassion, 'That will be a consolation
to you, in the hour of your confinement, for w^e read in the good
Book that it is better to siffer wrong, than do wrong." In the
irrepressible burst of ^laughter which followed this unexpected
response, all joined except the judge and the culprit."

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 1;,:,

SIIEHLOCK J. ANDREWS.

Jiulue Andrews was born Noveniber, lS01,in the quiet New Eni^land
villa-e of Walliniirorcl, CoiiiiTeeticut. His ihther was a prominent
pliysician at that place, where he spent a long and useful life in tlie
practice of liis profession, lie lived to a good old age, a Christian
gentleman of the old school.

Although Wallingford is but a short day's travel from Yale, even
under the old system of horse and shay, or horse and saddle, young
Andrews was sent out of New England to Union College, at Schenec-
tady, New York, where he graduated about the year 1821. -

Soon after this time the elder Sillinian was at Wallingford, and
being in need of an assistant in Chemistry and a private secretary,
he oifered the position to Mr. Andrews, which was accepted. It seems
to have been mutually a happy relation. In his diary, Prof. Silliman
says, "he was a young man of a vigorous and active mind, energetic
and quick in his decisions and movements, with a warm lieart and a
genial temper, of the best moral and social habits, a quiet and skillful
penman, an agreeable inmate of my family, in which we made him
quite at home. We found we had acquired an interesting and valua-
ble friend as well as a good professional assistant. It is true he had.
when he came, no experience in practical Chemistr3\ He had every-
thing to learn, but learned rapidly, as he had real industry and love
of knowledge. Before the end of the first term he proved that we
had made a happy choice. He continued about four years servini:
with ability, nnd the zeal of an allectionate son, without whom I
could scarce have retained my place in the College." During this
experience in the lield of sciences, ^Ir. Andrews had pursued the
study of the huv at the Law School of New Haven, with the same
ardor, and in 1^25, removed to Cleveland, and established himself as
an attorney.

In 1828, he married Miss Ursula Allen, of Litchfield, Connecticut,
daughter of the late John Allen, a nicml)or of Congress from that
State, who was also the fiither of Hon. Joiin VV. Allen, of this city.
The late Samuel Cowles had preceded 3Ir. Andrews here in the pro-
fession and offered him a partnership. Their fompetitors were the
late Governor'Wood and Judge John W. Willey, who were partners.

•.>B PHV n\\ iyji

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186 CLEl'I-.l.lM), r.isr AM) rKESEST:

and Jiid^o Sturkwoatlu'r, who si ill survives, Considfriiig the limited
business of tlie phue, \vhich scarcely nutnheretl live hundred inlialji-
tants, the prolessicui was evidently overstocked then, as it has been
ever since, Brielless lawyers had, however, a wide lield to cultivate
outside this county, eniliracinir at least all tiie counties of the
Reserve; with horse and saddle-bags, they followed the Court in its
travels, judges and attorneys splashifig through the mud on terms of
democratic C([uality.

Judge Andrews gave immediate ])romise of celebrity as an advo-
cate. AVith a sensitive and nervous temperament, he entered sympa-
thetically into the case of his client, making it his own. He i)0ssessed
a brilliant readiness of manner, full of skillful thrusts, hits, and
witticisms. His correct New England morals were not deteriorated
by contact with the moh-e loose codes of a new western town. In his
clear and earnest voice there w^as that magnetic iniluence, which is
necessary to complete the style of any orator, and which is a gift
solely of nature. As a technical pleader, though he stood high, there
were others upon the circuit equally gifted. But in a cause where
his convictions of justice and of legal right were fixed, there was not
among his contemporaries, in the courts of this State, an advocate,
whose eiforts were so nearly irresistible before a jury. He has com-
mand of sarcasm and invective, without coarseness. He attacks op-
pression, meanness and fraud as if they were offences not only against
the public, but against himself. He has never strayed from the pro-
fession to engage in any speculations or occupations to divert his
thoughts from pure law, except for two years from IS-iO, while he held
a seat in Congress. In 1S4S, the Legislature elected him judge of the
Superior Court of Cuyahoga county, a place he continued to hold
till the Court was abolished. As a judge he was eminently successful,
his decisions having been overruled by higher courts only in a single
instance, and that owing to a clerical mistake. In politics he was
evidently not at home. After leaving the bench. Judge Andrews
returned to the practice, but has been chietly employed as associate
counsel, occasionally addressing juries on important cases.

As an advocate. Judge xVndrews, during his whole professional
career, has been in the very foremost rank, with a rei)Utation conliued
neither to county, or even State lines. Distinguished for clear con-
ceptions of legal principles, and their varied relation- to practical
life, he has also shown rare ability in judging of mixed ([uestion^ of
law and fact. His legal opinions, therefore, have ever been held in
the highest esteem.

hi ibidv/

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s'ni novib ol gciotli qffvjo lo fiaaiinin'j^qe viib

gfiv/" fill. f-.U}iioi{ nl A><i:i.-inT (n^i-faf^. f,

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[l;•^i^>ll^l•j. oJ

ITS REPRKSENTATll'E MEN. 187

JJut TH jury hiwyor, Jiid^e Andrews has uchievod siicrcj-cs >o
r»Mnark;ildc as to have secured a penuaneut place in the tradition.- ni
the l.ar, aii<l the history of judicial proceedings in Northern Ohio.
The ohk-r lawyers have vivid recollections of a multitude of cases
when he was in full practice, and in his prime, in which his ready
iiisi;;ht into character — his power to sift testimony and brinir into
clear relief the lines of truth involved in complicated causes — his
ability to stale the le;^^al principl(?s so that the jury could intelligently
apply them to the facts — his humor — his pure wit — his pathos, at
times bringing unfeigned tears to the eyes of both judge and jurors —
his burning scorn of fraud — and his appeal on behalf of what he
believed to be right, so impetuous with enthusiasm, so condensed and
incisive in expression, and so felicitous in illustration, as to be well
nigh irresistible.

Yet, highly as Judge xVndrews has adorned his profession, it is
simply justice to say in conclusion, that his unblemished character in
every relation has adorned his manhood. He has been far more than
a mere lawyer. With a keen relish for historical and philosophical
iuijuiry — a wide acquaintance with literature, and an earnest sym-
pathy with the advanced lines of thought in the present age, his life
has also been practically subordinated to the faultless morality of
Christianity. A community is truly enriched, when it T)0ssesses, and
can present to its younger members, such shining instances of success
in honorable endeavor, and sterling excellence in character and
example.

JOHN W. ALLExX.

Mr. Allen, though not among the first attorneys who settled in
Cleveland, was upon the ground early among the second generation.
Samuel Huntington was the tirst lawyer of the place, becoming a
resident here in the year ISOl. Alfred Kelley was his successor,
commencing his legal career as soon as the county courts were
organized in 1810. In ISltJ, Leonard Case was added to the profession
and in ISIS the late Governor Wood and Samuel Cowles, and about
1S22, John W. Willey About the year 182(1, soon after the construe-

1

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ISS CLE VE LAM), PAST AND PRESENT:

tion of the Ohio canal was eomnienced, a troop of youni:; lawyers
took possession of the (iehl, some of whom still survive, Sherlock J.
Andrews, Samuel Starkweather and John W. Allen. They were all
from Yankee land, in pursuit of fame and fortune. Mr. Allen
originated in Litchfield county, Connecticut, a place prolific in
prominent characters. His father, John Allen, was a member of
Congress from that State.

From 1S31 to 1S35, inclusive, he was elected annually to be
president of the village corporation of Cleveland, and mayor of the
city corporation of Cleveland 1841. In 1S35-7, Mr. Allen represented
the district of which Cuyahoga county was a part, in the Ohio
Senate, and in ISoG was elected to tlie Congress of the United States,
commencing with the famous extra session of September, lS-37, as
an old line Clay Whig, and was re-elected in 1S38.

As soon as Cleveland assumed the position of a city in 1836, the
subject of railways became one of the prominent public questions.
A portion of the citizens were of the opinion that they had yielded
enough to the spirit of modern innovation when the Ohio canal was
suffered to enter Cleveland. This had banished the Dutch wagons
eniirely, and railroads might complete our ruin entirely, by banish-
ing canal boats. Mr. Allen, and the new comers generally, took the
opposite side. While he was rising to a leading puldic position he
labored zealously in the cause of railways in harmony with his
political opponents John W. Willey, Kichard Ililliard, James S.
Clark and others, most of whom are dead. But for his zeal and
perseverence the Cleveland & Columbus Railroad Company would
not have been organized probably for years after it was and then it
w\as done almost in spite of many of the large property holders of
that day, who looked upon the enterprise as chimerical.

Mr. Allen's free and generous manner not only rendered him
popular among his political friends, l)ut prevented bitterness and
personality on the part of his opponents. During those years of
prosperity he led a thoroughly active life, not only as an attorney
with a large practice, but as an indefatigable public servant. In fact,
through life he has given to the public the first and best of his etlbrts.
Ue never became a finished advocate and speaker, but his enterprise
and integrity secured him a large business, most of which was
litigated in the counties of the Western Reserve.

Not long after ]\Ir, Allen commenced practice in Ohio he married
Miss Ann Maria Perkins of Warren, Trumbull county, an auspicious
connection which was soon terminated by her death. His second

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JTS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. ISO

\vifow:i<Miss Harriet Mather, of New London county, CoiuKMtuut,
who is'iio'w living, and was the mother of two sons and two daught.-rs
one SUM and one daughter now surviving.

Tho linancial storm of 1S3T-S did so much damage to Mr. Alh-n-s
fortune, as well as some unsuccessful eltbrts in the construction of
local rail roads ahead of time, that its effects are not yet gone.
Being young and energetic, with a large property, with few debts of
his own, it would have affected him but little, had he not been too
generous towards his friends in the way of endorsements.

In the winter of 1840-50, he was appointed under a resolution of
of tlie i.e-islature the Agent of the State to examine into the claims
of the State on the General Government growing out of the grants of
land in aid of the canals and which had been twice settled and
receipted tor in full, which occupied him five years at Washington.
In this ho was eminently successtul and did the State great service.
and had the State performed its part of the bargain as well as :\Ir.
Allen did his, the result would have been a rich compensation for his
labors. His was the only case of repudiation ever perpetrated by
Ohio and he may well charge the State with punic faith toward lum.

Wlien the State Bank of Ohio, consisting of branches scattered
throughout the State under the general management of a board of
control, was authorized by an act of the Legislature about the year
ISKI, and which was the soundest system ever devised by any State
Government, Mr. Allen was one of the five Commissioners charged
witli the duty of putting the machinery in operation.

Very few of the present generation realize the obligation oi \\\\<
city to'him, and his public spirited coadjutors of thirty years since,
lor the solid prosperity it now enjoys.

T('

■>.[

.svof,n^ 7/on ^

190 CLEVELAXn, PAST AXD PRESEXT:

HIRAM V. WILLSON

The first judge of the United States District Court for the Northern
District of Ohio, will long he rememhored by the bar and public of
that District, for the ability, dignity, and purity with which, for over
eleven years, he administered justice. When at last he lay down to
his final rest, there was no voice raised in censure of any one of his
acts, and tributes of heartfelt praise of his life, and sorrow^ for his loss,
were laid on his grave by men of all parties and shades of opinion.
As lawyer, judge, citizen, and man, Judge Willson won the respect
and confidence of all with whom he was brought into social or official
contact.

Hiram V. Willson was born in April, ISOS, in Madison county, New
York. Graduating at Hamilton College in 1832, he commenced the
study of law in the office of the Hon. Jared Willson, of Canandaigua,
New York. Subsequently he visited Virginia, read law in the office
of Francis S. Key, of Washington, and for a time aided his slender
pecuniary means by teaching in a classical school in the Shenandoah
Valley. During his early legal studies he laid the foundations of that
legal knowledge for which he was afterwards distinguished, and
acquired that familiarity with the text-books and reports which made
him a safe, prompt, and prudent counsellor. At school, college, and
in the Shenandoah Valley, he maintained a close intimacy wiih the
Hon. Henry B. Payne, then a young man of about his own age. In
1833, he removed to Painesville, but soon changed his residence to
Cleveland, where he and his intimate friend, H. B. Payne, formed a
law partnership.

Long after, when at a banquet tendered by the bar of Cleveland
in honor of the organization of the United States Court for the
Northern District of Ohio, Judge Willson relerrod to the auspire>^
under which the young firm commenced business. The following
toast had been offered : ■

The First Judire of the Northern District of Ohio: In the liistory and eminent
success of a twenty years' practice at tlie Bar. we have tiie full.->t assurance that wiiat
ever industry, tahMit. and inteiiTity can achieve for the character of this loii'.'' son<rht tor
court, will he accoTui-lished by the gentleman who has l>een npiiointed to preside over its
deliherations.

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ITS REFRESEXTATU'E MEN. 101

111 rc>|.(»n<ling to the toast, Judge "Willson spoke liighly of tlio
cliar.ii'tcr of the profession, and then made a warm aijpcal to the
voinix !;i\vyrrs. He said that all there had been young lawyers and
krx'w \hr struggles and difliculties that hang around the lawyer's
rarlv path, and which cloud to him his future, and nothing is so
wrl.oiiu', so gonial to a young lawyer's heart as to be taken in haml
by an oMer legal brother. He said he could talk with feeling on the
subjort, for the memory Avas yet green of the days when two penniless
young men came to Ohio to take life's start, and when as discourage-
iiu'nts, and almost despair, seemed to lie in wait for them, there was
an older lawyer Avho held out a friendly hand to aid them, and who
bid them take courage and persevere. Who that friend was he signi-
fii'd by offering, with much feeling, a toast to the memory of Judge
Wilk'V.^

But the young firm did not long need friendly counsel to cheer
them in the midst of discouragements. Although they were but
young men, and Willey, Congar, and Andrews were eminent lawyers
in full practice, they soon took place in the front rank of the profes-
sion. Business flowed in upon them, and from 1S37 to 1S40, the num-
ber of suits brought by them in the Court of Common Pleas averaged
two hundred and fifty per year; whilst during the same time they
api)eared for the defence in twice that number of cases annually.
Briefs in all those cases were, to a great extent, prepared by .Fudge
Willson. Upon Mr. Payne's retirement, a partnership was formed
with Hon. Edward Wade and Reul)en Hitchcock, and after a while
the firm vras changed to Willson, Wade ct Wade. Under these part-
nerships the extensive business and high reputation of the old lirm
were preserved and increased.

In 1S52, Judge Willson ran for Congress on the Democratic ticket,
against William Case on the Whig and Edward Wade on the Free
Soil tickets. Mr. AVade was elected, but Judge Willson received a
very handsome vote.

In the Winter of 1S54, a bill was introduced to divide the State of
Ohio, for United States judicial purposes, into two districts. Tlie
members of the Cleveland Bar pressed the matter vigorously, and
after a sharp struggle in Congress, the bill creating the United States
Court for the Northern District of Ohio was i)assed. During tjie
pendency of tiie measure, and when the prospects were unfavorable
for its passage. Judge Willson was chosen by the Cleveland Bar to
proceed to Washington and labor in the interest of the bill. This
was done, and the tinal triumph of the bill was doubtless owing

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102 CLEFELAXl), FAST AND PRESENT:

in great measure to his nn wearied industry in its behalf. In March,
1S55, Tresident Tierce ai)i)oinled Mr. Willson judge of the District
Oourt just authorized.

The formation of the court and the appointment of Judge Willson
as its presiding olhcer, gave general satisfaction. A banquet was
held by the lawyers to celebrate the event, and although Judge
Willson was a strong political partizan, the leading lawyers of all
parties vied with each other in testifying their entire confidence in the
ability and impartiality of the new judge. Nor was their confidence
misplaced. In becoming a judge he ceased to be a politician, and no
purely political, or personal, motives swayed his decisions. He was
admitted by all to have been an upright judge.

The new court found plenty to do. In addition to the ordinary
criminal and civil business, the location of the court on the lake
border brought to it a large amount of admiralty cases. In such
cases, the extensive knowledge and critical acumen of Judge Willson
were favorably displayed. Many of his decisions were models of
deep research and lucid statement. One of his earliest decisions of
this character was in relation to maritime liens. The steamboat
America had been abandoned and sunk, and only a part other tackle
and rigging saved. These were attached for debt for materials, and
the question arose on the legality of the claim against articles no
longer a part of the vessel. Judge Willson held that the maritime
lien of men for wages, and material men for supplies, is a proprietary
interest in the vessel itself, and can not be diverted by the acts of
the owner or by any casualty, until the claim is paid, and that such
lien inheres to the ship and all her parts wherever found and whoever
may be the owner. In the case of L. Wick vs. the schooner Samuel
Strong, in 1855, Judge Willson reviewed the history and intent of tlie
common carrier act of Ohio, in an opinion of much interest. A case,
not in admiralty, liut in the criminal business of the court, gave the
judge another opportunity for falling back on his inexhaustible stores
of legal and historical knowledge. The question was on the point
whether the action of a grand jury was legal in returning a bill of
indictment found only by fourteen members, the fifteenth member
being absent and taking no part in the proceedings. Judge Willson
reviewed the matter at length, citing precedents of tiie English and
American courts for several centuries to show that the action was
legal.

A very noticeable case was what is known in the legal history of
Cleveland as ''The Bridire Case," in which Charles Avery sued the

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«*.>ioj8 aidi\t«i;ji;((/.oitJ iiiil flo

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 11>3

citv nf i'lovoland, to prevent the construction of a bridge across tho
CuValioira, at the foot of Lighthouse street. The questions arising
w.T«': the Irgislative authority of the city to bridge the river, and
Nv)i<-t)KT the l»ridge would be a nuisance, damaging the coniphiinaut's
private proi-crty. The decision of Judge Willson, granting a prelim-
inary ir)iiin<tion until further evidence could be taken, was a tiiorough
revii'w of the law relating to water highways and their obstructions.
In iho opinion on the Parker water-wheel case, he exhibited a clear
knowh'.lgo of mechanics, and gave an exhaustive exposition of the
law of i)atents. In the case of Hoag vs. the propeller Cataract, the
la v.- of collision was set forth and numerous precedents cited. In
1^:0, iiniiortant decisions were given in respect to the extent of
rriite«rStates jurisdiction on the Western lakes and rivers. It was
derided, and the decisions supported by voluminous precedents, that
the arliniralty and maritime jurisdiction possessed by the District
Courts of the United States, on the Western lakes and rivers, under
the Constitution and Act of 1789, was independent of the Act of 1^15.
nnd unaflected thereby; and also that the District Courts of the
United States, having, under the Constitution and Acts of Congress,
exclusive original cognizance of all civil causes of admiralty and
maritime jurisdiction, the Courts of Common Law are precluded from
proceeding in rem to enforce such maritime claims.

These are but a very few of the many important cases coming
before Judge Willson's court and decided by him in a manner that
made his decisions important precedents.

The judicial administration of Judge Willson was noticeable also
. for its connection with events of national importance. And here it
should be again repeated, that in all his conduct on the bench he
divested himself of personal or party predilections and prejudices.
To him it was of no consequence who were parties to the case, or
what the political effect of a decision would be; he inquired only
what were the facts in the matter and what the law bearing upon
them. The keynote of his character in this respect may be known
from an extract taken from his eharge to the grand jury in the AVinter
term of 1S56, in which it was expected a case would come before that
body of alleged impropriety or crime by a Government officer, grow-
ing out of party zeal during a very heated political canvass. The
passions of men were intensely excited at the time of the delivery
of the charge, and that address had the etiect ot suddenly cooling
down the popular mind, in the city and vicinity at least, and of bring-
ing about a better state of feeling. After referring impressively to

13

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;ll

19-1 CLEJ'ELAXD, PAST AND J'RESEXT:

the language of the oath taken by the grand Jiut, to present none
through malice, and except none through favoritism, Judge Willson
said :

It was but yesterday our ears were deafened by the turmoil and clamor of political
strife, shaking the threat national fabric to its centre, and threatening the stability of the
Government itself. In that fearful contiict for the control of the Executive and Legisla-
tive Departments of the Federal Government, all the evil ])assions of men seem to have
been aroused. Vituperation and scandal, malice, hatred and ill-will had blotted out from
the land all brotherly love, and swept away those characteristics which should distin-
guish us as a nation of Christians.

How important, then, it is for us, coming up here to perform the duties incident to
the courts, to come with minds free from prejudice, free from passions, and free from the
influence of tJie angry elements around ais. To come with a fixed {)urpose of adminis-
tering justice with truth, according to the laws of the land. A dangerous political con-
tagion has become rami)ant in our country, invading tlie holy sanctuaries of the " Prince
of Peace" and polluting the very fountains of Eternal Truth.

God forbid the time may ever come when the temples of justice in oitr land shall be
desecrated by this unhallowed and contaminating intiuence, or by wanton disregard of
the Constitution, or by a pertulious delintiuency on the part of the ministers of the law.
Here let passion and prejudice tind no abiding place. Here let equal and exa..'t justice be
meted out to all men — to rich and to the poor — to the high and the low, and above all
things, with you, gentlemen, here preserve \\'it]i scrupulous fidelity the sanctity of your
oaths, and discharge your whole duty without fear and without favor. Put justice to
the line and truth to the plummet, and act up fully to the obligations of that oath, and you
will ever enjoy those rich consolations which always flow from a conscientious discharge
of a sworn duty.

To men of your intelligence and probity, these admonitions are, perhaps, unnecessary.
Knowing, however, the reluctance and pain with which the misconduct of men in
office is inquired into, by those who cherish the same political sentiments, I am confident.
gentlemen, that in times like these, you can not exercise too great caution in excludiuo-
from your minds all considerations, as to whether the party charged before you is tlie
appointee of this or of that administration, or whether he belongs to this or tliat political
organization or party.

In 185S, came before the court the historic case of the Oberlin-
AYellington Rescue. The facts of the case were, brielly, that on the
tirst of .March, In.jT, a negro slave named Joiin, the property of John
G. Bacon, of Kentucky, escaped across the river into Ohio. In Octo-
ber, l^.")^, the negro was traced out and arrested within the Xorthern
District of Ohio, by one Anderson Jennini:s, liohling a power of
attorney from Bacon. In company with an as.-i.stant named Love,
Jennings took the negro to Wellington, Loraii\ county, witii tlie pur-
pose ot taking the cars for Cincinnati, and thonrt« returning tlie negro
to Kentucky and remitting him to slavery, A number of residents
ol Olirrlin concertiMl a plan of rescue, marched to W'elliiiuton. entered

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 1U:>

the hotel where John vras kept, took him from his captors, placed
liim in a bugiry, and carried him oil. Indictments were found aicainst
the loading rescuers, who comprised among others some of tlie lead-
ing men of tlie college and village of Oberlin, and they were brought
to trial, lined, and imprisoned. The trial created great excitement,
and, whilst it was pending, a monster demonstration against the
Fugitive Slave Law was held on the Public Square, midway between
the building where the court held its sessions and the jail in which
the accused were confined. At one time fears were entertained of
violence, threats being freely uttered by some of the more headstrong
that the law should be defied and the prisoners released by force.
Cooler counsels prevailed, and the law, odious as it was felt to be,
was albwed to take its course. In this exciting time the charges and
judgments of Judge Willson were calm and dispassionate, wliolly
divested of partisanship, and merely pointing otit the provisions of
the law and the necessity of obedience to it, however irksome such
obedience might be, until it was repealed.

In the November term of 1859, when the public mind was still
agitated by the John Brown raid and by the tragic affairs succeeding
it, and when the excitement of the Oberlin-Wellington Rescue had
not wholly subsided, the attention of Judge Willson was called to
these matters by the District Attorney, and in his charge to the grand
jury he took occasion to define the law of treason, with especial
bearing on those events. It was a clear, logical exposition of the
law, pointing out the line of distinction between a meeting for the
expression of opinions hostile to the Government and a gathering for
the purpose of violently opposing or overturning the Government.

In 1S61, when the rebellion had broken out, i.nd it was supposed
sympathizers with it were in Ohio plotting aid to the rebels, Judge
Willson delivered a charge to the grand jury, again defining the law
in regard to conspiracy and treason, and in llie course of his address
took occasion to unreservedly condemn the motives and actions of
the rebels. He said :

Tlie loyal people of tliis great nation have enjoyed tlie blessings of our excellent
Constitution too long and too well, to be insensible of its value or to permit its destruc-
tion. They have not yet been schooled to the luTef.y. that this noble Government is a
mere rayth, or that it is destitute of the inlufut jiower of p.TiMtuuting its own existence.
On the contrarv, next to their religion, tln-y iove and (•h..ri.-<h it above all things on earth,
not only because it is the rich and sacred b-iracy of a r.'V.T.-<i iin.l patriotic ancestry, but
because it is a Government of law. possessing the autliority t.* iiuiintain social and civil
order, giving to its citizens security <'f property, of imtw.ii ami of lit,-.

It is not surprising, therefore, that this bold and mad rel eUion in the Southern States,

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196 CLEFELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

has excited, in all patriotic lu-afts, a spontaneous and indifjrnant feeling against treason
and traitors, wherever they may he found in our land. It is a rebellion without cause
and without justitication. It had its concejition in the wicked hearts of amljitinus men.
Possibly, some of tlie chlvf conspirators may be actuate 1 by the spirit of the sacrilegious
incendiary who fired the Ephesian temple to immonali/.e his name by the infamy of the
act.

Let the motives of tlie conspirators be what they may, this open, organized and armed
resistance to the Government of the United States is treason, and those engaged in it
justly merit the penalty denounced against traitors.

Nor should we be misled by false notions of the reserved right of the States to secede
from the Union. This assumed right, claimed by the States in rebellion, is false in
theory ; it is of the highest criminalty in practice, and without the semblance of authority
in the Constitution. The right of secession, (said the lamented Webster,) " as a practical
right, existing under the Constitution, is simply an absurdity ; for it supposes resistance
to Government under the authority of the Government itself — it supposes dismemberment
without violating the firinciples of Union — it supposes opposition to law without crime —
it sanctions the violation uf oaths Avithout responsibility, and the total overthrow of the
Government without revolution."

The history of this wicked rebellion already shows tliat many of those who have
shared the largest in the otfices and emoluments, as well as in the blessings of tlie
National Government, have fallen the lowest in infamy in attempting its overthrow.

If this Union is to be perpetuated, and the Government itself is to exist as a
power among the nations, its laws must be enforced at aJl hazards and at any coat.
And especially should courts and juries do their whole duty, without respect to persons,
when crimes are committed, tending to the subversion of the Government and the
destruction of our cherished institutions.

At the January term, 1SG4, he delivered another admirable charge,
in which he discussed the questions arising under the then recent act
of Congress authorizing a draft under the direction of the President
without the intervention of the State authorities, and by a very
logical and conclusive argument establislied the constitutional
validity of the act in question. The crime of resisting the draft,
obstructing its execution by the officers appointed for that purpose,
and enticing soldiers to desert, were defined witli great clearness,
resisting the enrolling officer being held to be Avithin the ollences
embraced in the act. Tliese were but a few of the topics treated by
the Judge. The entire charge was able, well-timed and patriotic, and
was admirably calculated to conciliate and unite ]niblic opinion in
support of the law and the measures of the Government to enforce it.

In 1865, tlie health of Judge Willson began to give way and
symptoms of consumption apj^eared. He was stronirly urged by his
friends to leave his business for a time and seek tlie restoration of his
health in a milder climate. As Winter apjn.-oached he yielded to
their persuasions and visited New Orleans and the \\'e.st Indies.

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Unhappily the weather was iiniisually severe for tliose lat it n. !<••,. and
Jio derived jio beiielit from his trip. He was glad to reacli (he ipiift
and comfort of liome once more. His sense of duty was so sfroni:
tliat, thoiiu'-h iiiitit to leave his home, he came down to the <-itv,
opened court, so as to set the machinery in order, but found Iiimsoli"
unahlr to preside and was compelled to return home, wliere lie
awaited in patience the coming of the destroyer.

On the evening of November 11th, 1S66, he died. A few hours
before his death he suffered much, his breathing being labored and
painful. As his end approached, however, he became easier, and his
life went out without a struggle. Some months earlier, the Judge,
who had for years been an attendant of the services in the First
Presbyterian church, and an active supporter of that congregation,
made a profession of religion and received the rite of baptism. He
was i)erfectly conscious to the close of his life, and although hopeful
of recovery, as is usual with the victims of consumption, had been
fully aware of his precarious situation, and had thoughtfully contem-
plated his approaching end. He left a widow^ and a daughter, Mrs.
Chamberlin, well provided for.

On the announcement of his death the members of the Cleveland
Bar immediately assembled, and young or old, of all shades of opinion
in the profession, vied with each other in bearing testimony to the
uprightness, ability, and moral worth of the deceased. His death
occasioned unaffected sorrow among those who had known him, and
among the large number of his legal brethren who had greater or
less opportunities of oliicial intercourse with him he did not leave a
single enemy. The Bar meeting unanimously adopted the following
resolutions of respect:

We, tlie members, of the Bar of tlie Nortliern District of Ohio having learned that our
brother, the Hon. Hiram V. Willson, departed this life yesterday evening, (Xov. 11,) at
his residence, and desiring to pay a tribute of affection and respect to one who was our
beloved associate at this Bar for twenty-one years, and anxious also to acknowledge our
obligation to him, by whose influence and labors the Courts of the United States were
established in our midst, and who has so ably and uprightly presided over those Courts
for a period of more than eleven years, do hereby

Besolce, 1st. That in the death of Judge Willson the Bench has lost a learned,
upright and fearless Judge, ever doing right and ecjuity among the suitors of his Court,
fearing only the errors and mistakes to which a fallible human judgment is ever liable.
Urbanity and courtesy to the older members of the Bar, protecting and loving kindness
to its younger members, and deep and abiding interest in the reputation of all, were
among his distinguishing characteristics.

2d. That in him we have lost a near and dear friend, disliked, disrf^ished by none,
but esteemed and loved by all.

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198 CLEVELAXD, PAST AND P RES EXT:

.'Jd. That we wear tho usual innunrmfr and attend his funeral in a budy, on
Wednesday next.

4th. That the ("liairinan of this Coniniittee pre.sent this repijrt to our Court of
Common Pleat*, and reiiuest the i^anic to he entered on tlie record of said Court.

5th. That the United States District Attorney for Northern Ohio be requested to
present this report to the Circuit and District Courts of said District at their next term
and re([uest tliat the same be entered and recorded in said Courts.

Gtli. That the officers of tliis meeting be directed to send a copy of its proceedings
to the family of the deceased.

At the opening of the next term of the United States District
Court under Judge Sherman, the successor to Judge Willson, these
resolutions were read, and warm eulogies on the deceased were made
by U. S. District Attorney, F. J. Dickman, U. S. Commissioner
BushneirWhite, George W. Willey Esq., Hon. R P. Spalding and
Judge Sherman.

The funeral services over the remains of Judge Willson were held
in the First Presbyterian church, conducted by Rev. Dr. Atterburry,
assisted by Rev. Dr. Aiken. The Supreme Court of Ohio, United
States Courts of Pennsylvania and Michigan, the Cleveland Bench
and Bar, and the City Government were fully represented at the
ceremonies, which were al60 participated in by a very large con-
course of citizens.

SAMUEL STARKWEATHER.

As a member of the legal profession, both on the Bench and at the
Bar, as the chief magistrate of the cit}-, and as an United States
revenue officer, and as a citizen of Cleveland, Samuel Starkweather
has held honorable prominence for forty years.

He was born in the village of Pawtucket, ^lassachusetts, on the
border of Rhode Island, a village celebrated as the seat of the first
cotton manufactures in the United States. He was the squ of the
Honorable Oliver Starkweather, an extensive and successful manu-
facturer, and grandson of the Honorable Ephraim Starkweather, who
was prominent among the patriots of the Revolution.

The subject of this sketch worked on a farm until nearly
seventeen years of age, when he began to lit himself for college.

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after whu-h he entered Brown University, Rliode lsliin<l, wIk-h' ho
;rr;i<liiaU'(l witli tlie second honors of his chiss, in the year l^JJ, and
w;h socni afterward elected a tutor in that institution, wiiicli position
he held until tlie year 1S24, when he resigned, to commence the stu'ly
of the hiw, which he pursued in the othce of Judge Swift, in Windiiam,
ConniM-licut, and afterwards in attendance upon the lectures of
Chan<-olh)r Kent, of New York. He was admitted to the Bar of (Jhio
at ("ulumbus, in the Winter of 1S20-T, and soon after settled in
Ch'velatid, then a village of a few hundred inhabitants, and was
recognized as a lawyer of learning and ability in this and the
adjoining counties.

Mr. Starkweather was prominent among the leaders of the
Democratic party of this State, when its principles were well
defined, and was a strong adherent to the administrations of
Presidents Jackson and Van Buren, but his being always in the
political minority in the part of the State in which he lived,
prevented those high political preferments which otherwise would
have been conferred upon him. In this connection it is proper to
say, that for Mr. Starkweather to have attained the highest eminence
in the legal profession, it was only necessary that he should have
made it his specialty.

Under the administrations of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren,
Mr. Starkweather held the otfice of Collector of Customs of thi.s
District, and Superintendent of Light-Houses, and under his super-
vision most of the sites were purchased, and the light-houses erected
on the Southern shore of Lake Erie. He continued to hold these
offices in connection with his practice of the law, until 1S40.

In 1814, Mr. Starkweather was elected Mayor of the city of
Cleveland, having previously taken a leading part in the City
Councils. He was re-elected in 18-15, and was again elected Mayor
in 1S5T, for two years, and in these positions was active in promoting
those improvements in the city which have tended to its prosperity
and beauty. To Mr. Starkweather the public schools of the city are
much indebted for the interest which he has always taken in their
behalf; and to his advocacy and ellbrt-*, with those of Mr. Charles
Bradburn, the High School of the city owes its first establishment.

In the early struggles for advancing the schemes of railroads, the
accomplishment of which has made Cleveland the great city of
commerce and manufactures, no one was more active than Mr.
Starkweather. When the project of building the Cleveland &
Columbus road was at a stand-still, and was on the point of being,

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200 CLEIELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

for the time, cabaudoned, as a liiuil eilbrt a meeting of the business
men of Cleveland Avas called. The speech of Mr. Starkweather on
that occasion, parts of which are quoted to this day, had the elVect to
breatlie into that enterprise the breath of life, and from that meeting
it went immediately onward to its final completion. So well were
the services of Mr. Starkweather in behalf of that road appreciated
at the time, that one of the Directors proposed that he should have a
pass upon it for life.

Mr. Starkweather, in 1852, was the first Judge elected to the Court
of Common Pleas for Cuyahoga county, under the new constitution
of the State, in which position he served for five years with ability
and satisfaction to the members of the Bar and the public generally.
For a considerable portion of his term, the entire docket of both
civil and criminal business devolved on him, when an additional
Judge was allowed the county. He presided at some very important
State trials, in which, as in the disposition of a very large amount of
civil business, he exhibited abundant legal learning and judicial
discrimination.

Since he retired from the Bench he has been known as a citizen of
wealth, of retired habits, but of influence in public affairs, and
retaining to the full the conversational gifts which have made him
the life and charm of social and professional circles. Indeed it may
be said that either at the Bar, in well remembered etTorts of marked
brilliancy as an advocate, or on the Bench, occasionally illuminating
the soberness of judicial proceedings, or in assemblies on prominent
public occasions occurring all through his life, eloquence, wit and
humor seemed ready to his use. A fine helle lettres scholar, classical,
historical and biographical adornments and incidents seemed always
naturally to flow in to enrich his discourse, whether in private or
public. He has often been spoken of as of the Corv/in cast, perhaps
a slight personal resemblance aiding the suggestion. He certainly
has the like gifts of the charming conversationalist and the popular
orator, in which last capacity, for many years, he was the prompt
choice of the public on leading occasions, such as at the grand
reception given to VanBuren after his defeat in 1840; the magnificent
reception tendered by the city to Kossuth; at the completion of the
Cleveland & Columbus Railway on the 22nd of February, 1S52; at the
dedication of Woodland Cemetery, and at many other times when the
public were most anxious to put a gifted man forward.

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MOSES KELLY.

Tlie subject of this sketch was born January 21st, 1809, iu the
townsliip of Groveland, now county of Livingston, then county of
Ontario, State of New York. He was the oldest son of Daniel Kelly,
who emigrated from the State of Pennsylvania to Western Xew York
in the year 1797. He is of Scotch-Irish descent in the paternal line,
and of German^lescent on the side of his mother. His great grand-
father, on liis father's side, emigrated from the North of Ireland to
America, early in the eighteenth century, and settled in the State of
Pennsylvania, within a few miles of the city of Philadelphia ; his
grandfather, born there, was a Eevolutionary soldier. Mr. Kelly
lived with his father, on a farm in Groveland, until he was eighteen
years old, having the usual advantages, and following the^ordinary
pursuits of a farmer's son.

At the age of eighteen he entered the High School on Temple
Hill, in the village of Geneseo, Livingston county. New York, and
commenced preparing for college, under the tuition of that eminent
scholar and accomplished educator, the late Cornelius C. Felton, who
subsequently became President of Harvard University. Mr. Kelly
entered the Freshman class at Harvard in 1829, and graduated with
his class in the year 1833. He immediately commenced the study of
the law, with the late Orlando Hastings, Esq., of Rochester, N. Y.,
and read three years in his office and under his direction, when he
was admitted to practice. He came to Cleveland in the year 1836,
and formed a law copartnership with his old friend, college classmate
and chum, the Hon. Thomas Bolton; the firm name was Bolton ct
Kelly. This partnership continued until the year 1851, when S. O.
Griswold Esq., who had been their law student, was taken into the
firm; the firm name thereafter being Bolton, Kelly & Griswold. This
connection continued until the close of the year 1856, when Mr.
Bolton was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Since
Judge Bolton retired from the firm Messrs. Kelly ^- Griswold have
continued the practice of law under that firm name, and are still
engaged in the practice.

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202 CLEJELAXl), PAST A X 1) PRETEXT:

Mr. Kelly has made coimnerrial law and ef[iiity jurisprudence his
special studies, and in these branches of the huv his great skill and
learning are acknowledged by all his brethren. Indeed, as an equity
lawj'er he stands at the head of the profession.

It will be seen from tlie year 1S3G until the present time, Mr. Kelly
has devoted himself closely to the i)ractice of the law; the only
interruption to this was a two years service as State senator in the
legislature of Ohio during the years lS-14 and 1S45, He was elected
to the senate by the AYhig party of the counties of Cuyahoga and
Geauga, these two counties then composing one senatorial district.
During the first session of the General Assembly, of which he was a
member, the Democrats had a majority in the Senate while the
Whigs had the control of the lower house. As is usual when a
legislature is thus politically divided, no measures of general
interest were adopted. But there happened during that session to
arise a question which showed Mr. Kelly's independence, and true
character. The Democracy had made complaint of the Whig extrav-
agance and laid great claim on their own part to retrenchment and
economy in the State administration. The Whigs to make political
capital, proposed a bill reducing the salaries of cill State officers : the
salary of the Judges was put at ^750 per year and the pay of all other
State officials in the same ratio. Tlie measure was adopted by the
party caucus, and was carried through the lower house.

It was hoped by many that the Senate, being Democratic, would
defeat the bill, and thus the Whigs would have credit for great
economy at the expense of the Democrats. But when it came to
that body, the Democracy, not to be out done by their opponents,
favored the bill.

Mr. Kelly, singly and alone of all his party, opposed the measure,
.and spoke and voted against it. The bill was finally carried but was
repealed in the course of a year or two afterwards..

The most prominent subject before the legislature at the second
session was the establishment of a suitable banking system for the
State. The business men of Cleveland were in favor of free banks,
but the great body of the Whig party were strongly in favor of a
State Bank and branches, and having a majority in both houses in
the session of 1S45 v>-ere determined to establish tiiat system. Mr.
Kelly succeeded in engrafting upon the State Bank scheme the
Independent Bank system, with State stocks pledged to secure
the circulation, and also in adding additional checks and safeguards
to the State Bank, His efforts in this direction were duly appreciated

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ITS REPRESEXT.iTirr MEX. 20:{

by liiscon.-tilufiils, and Ufa public meeting, culled by the i>nm-ii)al
business men of the city, irrespective of party, his action on tlie
Bank bill was specially approved.

It is to be observed also that the present National Bank system is
modcdcd after the plan of free banking advocated by Mr. Kelly at

Duriii'' the same session a question arose m which Mr. Kelly took
an active'part, in opposition to the great body of his party, the event
of which vindicated his sagacity and practical statesmanship. The
question was upon a bill to grant to the Ohio Life and Trust Company
authority to issue bills to circulate as currency, to the extent of half
a million of dollars. At the time this bill was introduced no banking
system had been adopted by the legislature : most of the charters of
the old banks had expired prior to that time, and the State was with-
out an adequate bank circulation of its own. The chief stockholders
and managers of that corporation were men of high character and
-re-U wealth. The company had been successfully managed, and its
credit was then deservedly high. Also the principal men of the
company were leading Whigs, among these were Judges Jacoo_
Burnett and John E. Wright of Cincinnati, Nathaniel Wriglit ot
Cincinnati and Alfred Kelley Esq., who was also at the same time a
member of the senate from the Franklin district, and this application
on the part of the company was backed by the presence and
personal intluence of these gentlemen. The plea made by this
company for this additional banking privilege was exceedingly
plausible, and the measure was approved in a caucus of theAVhig
members almost without inquiry. The bill was introduced into the
Senate by the Hon. Alfred Kelley, and its success was considered
certain Mr. Moses Kellv, alone of his party, expressed his opposi-
tion to the bill. Urged as the measure was by so many leading men
and introduced bv the acknowledged leader of the party, it seemed
that such opposition must be fruitless. But on the third reading of
the bill Mr. Kelly attacked it in a speech of great vigor, and strength
of ar-ument. He opposed it as unjust towards any banking system
that "might be established and as unwi.e in giving additiona
privileges to an already powerful corporation. But he opposed it
chiefly because it izave to the corporation power to issue bills as
money simplv on individual security. He contended that whenever
the State permitted any corporation or organization to issue bills to
pass as monev the faith of the State should be pledged lo their
ultimate redemption. While paying a high compliment to the

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204 CLEl'ELAM), I\IST A i\h i' RES EXT:

ability and integrity of the managers ot" the Ohio Life and Trust
Company, he declared there was no security but what in the future
it might pass into tlie control of AVall street shavers and brokers, and
from thence to ruin, and the people of the State left remediless v.'ith
a worthless circulation in their hands. His vigorous opposition, and
the strength of his argument awakened the attention of the party to
the evils of the measure, and notwithstanding its powerful backing,
the bill was etfectually killed by Mr. Kelly's speech.

Mr. Alfred Kelley was greatly grieved at the failure of this
measirre. He how^ever lived to see his error, and the ruinous failure
of that company through the recklessness of the Wall street manage-
ment into whose hands, as had been predicted, that company finally
fell. Judge John C. Wright, now in Columbus, advocated the
aforesaid measure. He was then the senior editor of the Cincinnati
Gazette, and the infiuence of his paper was given to the bill.
Although old, he was in the full enjoyment of his powers of intellect,
and at that time wielded a great infiuence in the political affairs of
the State. It happened that he was present in the senate chamber
when Mr. Kelly made his speech against the bill; although chagrined
at the defeat of the measure in which he had such personal interest,
so struck was he with the originality and force of the argument of
Mr. Kelly, and with his independence of character, and ability to rise
above mere party considerations in his legislative career, that he
sought Mr. Kelly's personal acquaintance, and during the remainder
of his life there existed a warm personal friendship between them.

At the expiration of his term of service ]Mr. Keily returned to the
practice and ever since has devoted his energies to his profession.
The office of Bolton ^t Kelly has been the school of many prominent
lawyers. Among the members of the Cleveland Bar who studied
under them are ^lessrs. F. T. Backus, George Willey, John E. Cary
and his present partner, Mr. Griswold. Mr. Kelly was City Attorney
in the year 1S39, and a member of the City Council in l^-ll. Wiiile
he was in the Council he was active in support of the Lake Shore
improvement, which stopped the rapid encroachment of the Lake
upon the shore in front ol Lake street.

In 1849, :Mr. Kelly was appointed by the legislature one of the
Commissioners of the city of Cleveland to subscribe on behalf of the
city to the capital stock of the Clevelan^l A: I'irtsburgh Ivailroad
Company. He accepted the trust, and for a number of successive
years thereafter, until the stock of the city in that road was disposed
of, was chosen a Director of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Kaiiroad

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('oiup.jny. to represent the interests of this city in the capital stock of
lh:«! coiKpan}'.

Ill St'ptoiiiber, 18GG, he was appointed by President Joluisori
J>i^tri<T Attorney of the United States for the Northern District ol
Oliio, and hchl the office until the next March, not having been
rojjiiriMod by the Radical senate for the reason that he had been a
nuMuber of the Philadelphia Convention of the previous summer.

On the oricanization of the City Bank of Cleveland under the law
of Is b'), Mr. Kelly became a stockholder therein and was a director,
audits attorney, during its existence, and has continued in the same
connection with the National City Bank which succeeded the former.
Ho also for a number of years has been a director and attorney of tlie
Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company.

Mr. Kelly was one of the organizers of St. Paul's Episcopal church,
and lias always remained a liberal supporter of the same.

He was married in the year 1839 to Jane, the daughter of Gen.
Hezekiah Howe, of New Haven, Conn.

In 1S50, Mr. Kelly purchased a tract of about thirty acres, being a
part of what was then known as the " Giddings farm," fronting on
Euclid avenue, a short distance East of Willson avenue. Here he
soon after erected a tasteful dwelling, where he has since resided.
and where in the leisure snatched from professional avocations he
has gratified his taste for horticultural and agricultural pursuits.

In person Mr. Kelly is tall and spare, and dignified in demeanor.
and although he has reached three score, he is still active and in
good health. His character for integrity is unblemished and in his
long professional career has never been known to uphold or defend a
dishonorable cause. His rule has l)een to decline advocating causes
which, in his judgment, have neither merits nor justice. In social
intercourse he is alfable and genial, and in public, private and
professional life, has always commanded the respect, esteem and
confidence of his fellow men. Firm in his convictions of duty, and
resolute in doing it, yet so respectful and courteous to opponents is
he that he may be said to be a man without an enemy.

The great rise in real estate and his professional earnings have
rendered Mr. Kelly, if not what in these days would be called
wealthy, comparatively rich, and surrounded, as he is, by an allec-
tionate family and kind friends and possessed of all the enjoyments
which culture and a successful life brings, we trust he may long
continue amouirst us.

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206 CLEVELAXn, I'.IST AND PRETEXT:

THOMAS BOLTON.

It has been said of history, that it should never venture to deal
except with periods comparatively remote. And this was doubtless
triie when literature was venal, or in any way subservient to royal or
to party power.

It has been alike suggested of biography, that it cannot be securely
trusted in the portrayal of the living. And this is no doubt true
where political or partisan objects are sought to be subserved. But
with this exception the most faithful portraits may naturally be
expected where the subjects of them are before us, and familiarly
known to us. And so that the hand refrains from those warmer tints
which personal friendship might inspire, and simply aims at sketches
which the general judgment may recognize and approve, the task,
however difficult, cannot be said to be unsafe.

Thomas Bolton was born in Scipio, Cayuga county, New lork,
November 29th, ISOO. His father was an extensive farmer in that
section of western New York, where rich fields, and flowing streams,
and beautiful scenery, are happil}' combined.

At seventeen he entered the LLigh School on Temple Hill, in
Geneseo, where he fitted for college ; and in the Fall of 1829, he
entered Harvard University, where he graduated in 1833, the llrst in
his class in mathematics. In this connection, it is pleasant to advert
to the fact that his most intimate schoolmate, classmate and fellow
graduate, was Hon. Moses Kelly, who was afterwards his i)artner in
the law for many years at Cleveland, and tliat between the two from
boyhood down to the present day, there has been a steadfast and
unbroken life-friendship almost fraternal, both now in atllucnce, but
still living side by side. Such life-long friendships are unusual, but
wlienever they do exist, they imply the presence in ]»oth parties of
true and trusty qualities which preserve their character as pure
cement, exposed to any atmosphere, or tried in any furnace.

After graduating, ^[r. Bolton entered ui>on the study of law at
Canandaigua, in the office of John C. Spencer, now deceased, but
then a strong and illstinguished name in the profession. At the end
of a year he came west, to seek a permanent location to further

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 207

l»ui>ue his ritudics and enter upon the practice, first stoppin<; at Cleve-
land, on lindin^' that any further west was hardly within tiie pale of
civilization. Cleveland itself was then, September, 1S34, but a niore
village, of about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. Superior street
had not been graded, and at its western terminus was higher than
the first Ftory of the Atwater Block, and the bank of the lake ex-
tended fifteen rods out beyond the present Union Depot. The village
did not become a city till 1S8G, when at a public meeting to determine
upon the corporate limits, Mr. Bolton was appointed on a committee
to <lraft the charter, and urged that both sides of the river should be
embraced, but was overruled, and Ohio City was established on the
other side of the river as a sort of rival, but since consolidated with
Cleveland. His connection with city affairs was renewed as Council-
man in ISoO, and as Alderman in 1S41.

But to go back to his professional life. Having studied law in the
oflice of James L. Conger, at Cleveland, for a year, he was admitted to
the Bar in September, 1835, by the Supreme Court of Ohio, on the
Circuit, Chief Justice Peter Hitchcock, that Nestor among judges,
then presiding. He was in partnership with Mr. Conger for a year,
when he bought him out and sent for his old college friend, Mr. Kelly,
with whom he formed a partnership, which continued until the Fall
of 1850, a period of twenty years, when he was elected to the Bench.

As bearing upon his political career, it may be narrated, that in
the Fall of 1839, he was elected prosecuting attorney of the county,
at which time the Whig party was largely in the ascendancy, com-
manding from 1,500 to 2,000 majority, though he was a Democrat and
nominated by the Democrats for the oflice. Two years later, at the
expiration of his term, he was strongly solicited by both parties to
take the office another term, but declined in consequence of the
inadequacy of the salary.

An incident occurred during his term as prosecuting attorney
which had a marked effect upon the politics of Cleveland and its
viciuity. Up to 18H, slave-owners were in tlie habit of sending their
agents to Cleveland and causing their runaway slaves to be arrested
and taken before a magistrate, when a warrant would be obtained to
return the slave, and he would be carried back into slavery. All this
was done openly and publicly, creating little or no excitement, and
Mr. Bolton, in the practice of his profession, was more frequently
employed for this purpose than any other attorney in the city. In
the Spring of 1841, three negroes, who were claimed as slaves, had
run awav from New Orleans and were in Bull'alo. The agent of their

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508 CLEVELAM), PAST AND PRESENT:

master applied to a law linn in Cleveland for assistance. At that
time, slaves arrested in J^uflalo were in tiie liabit of claiming a trial
byjury, which was granted. To avoid a jury, witli its sympathies, it v.-as
thought advisable to get the negroes into Oliio. and, accordingly, one
of the attorneys, the agent and a negro of Cleveland, repaired to
Buffalo. On their return the three negroes came with them, and
it was said they had been kidnapped. On their arrival at Cleveland,
the negroes were arrested under the law of Congress as fugitives
from service, and lodged in the county jail. This information coming
to the ears of the fev\^ Abolitionists then in the city, among others
the late Hon. Edward AVade and Hon. John A. Foot, lawyers at the
time, in full practice, they applied to the jailor tor admission to con-
sult with the negroes. But public oi)inion was so strongly prejudiced
against the Aoolitionists that neither the jailor nor the sheriff would
permit any of them to communicate with the prisoners. Accidentally,
a colored man inquired of Mr. Bolton if he would take up their
defence. He readily assented, and being prosecuting attorney of the
county, and it being well understood that he was not an Abolitionist,
the doors of the jail were readih^ opened to him, and he immediately
made preparations for a vigorous defence of the prisoners. A writ of
Tiaheas corj^vs was immediately applied for to Judge Barber, one of
the associate judges at the time; the negroes were brought before
him, and their case continued for ninety days, to prepare for a
defence.

When it was known about town that Mr. Bolton had undertaken
the defence of the negroes, great indignation was excited, and many
threatened to tear down his office, and to use violence toward his
person. This only aroused him to greater energy and etTorL in behalf
of the prisoners. In the meantime indictments were procured in
Buffalo against the alleged kidnappers, and the excitement in the
city greatly increased, so that on the day of the trial the court-house
"Was packed with people. xVfter an investigation, which lasted two
days, the court discharged the defendants and tliey went acquit.

From the iniquitous proceeding in the case, and the manner in
which it was prosecuted, and the excitement it i)roduced, the com-
munity was led to reflect upon the iiii([uity of tlie system and the
oppression of the law; and from that day till the slave-girl Lucy was
sent back into Virginia slaver3% in 1><52, (to appease, it is said, the
wrath of the rebels,) not a negro was sent back into slavery from the
city of Cleveland, or county of Cuyahoga.

Mr. Bolton left tlie Democratic party in 1848, or, as he claims, it

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. l.>0(»

left him when it adopted its national platform of that year. He tlion
joiiM-.i the Fn-e Soil party, and was a delegate to the Bulhilo Conven-
tion, a!i(l one of its secretaries. In February, ISoO, lie assisted in
or;.';mizin- tlic Republican party at the Pittsburgh Convention, and
in'thc Summer of the same year was a delegate from this Congress-
ional District in the Philadelphia Convention, which nominated
Fremont and Dayton.

When he was admitted to the Bar, the Court of Common Pleas,
under ihe old Constitution, consisted of four members, a president
judge and three associates, elected by the Legislature, and the Su-
])reme Court of the State consisted of four judges, also chosen by the
Legislature. A session of the Supreme Court was held by two of its
members once a year in each county, and three sessions a year were
held by the Coi^rt of Common Pleas in this and the adjoining coun-
ties. In 1S35, Hon. Matthew Birchard, of Warren, was president
judge. He was succeeded by Hon. Van R. Humphrey, of Hudson,
and he by Hon. John W. Willey, of Cleveland, who died during iiis
term. Hon. Reuben Hitchcock was appointed by the Governor to
lill the vacancy, and Hon. Benjamin Bissel, of Painsville, was elected
by the Legislature during the next session. Hon. Philemon Bliss,
then of Elyria, and now Supreme Judge of Missouri, was afterward
elected, and his term was cut short in 1S51, by the adoption of the
new Constitution, under which the judges were elected by the people
for the term of live years. Hon. Samuel Starkweather was the tirst
judge elected under the new system, and in 1S5G, :Mr. Bolton was
chosen his successor. In 1S61, he was unanimously renominated and
elected wimout opposition, and in 1SG6, at the expiration of his second
term, he retired from the Bench and the Bar.

We thus complete our outline sketch of the professional, judicial,
and political career of one of our most prominent and respected

citizens.

He came to the Bar of Cleveland before Cleveland was a city, and
entered upon practice with that force and earnestness which were the
ruling elements of his nature. He had able competitors, but he was
a strong man amongst them. His promptness in the courts was
proverbial. He was always ready, and if he granted indulgences he
never asked for any. He was less given to books than his partner,
Mr. Kelly, who was the student and chancery member of the firm,
but in the ordinary departments of the <'omnion law and in criminal
practice, he was always at home. He prepared his causes with
the most thorough premeditation of the line of his own evidence,

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210 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

and of all the opposing evidence that could possibly be anticipated.
Hence he moved with rapidity and precision, and was never taken
by surprise. His arguments were not elaborate, or studied in point of
finish, but tliey were strong, downright practical, and to the poiiit.
In this sense he was a line and effective speaker to courts and juries.

These same characteristics he exhibited upon tlie Eeticli. Hardy
and vigorous in his perceptions and understanding — thoroughly
versed and ready in the law of pleadings and evidence — bringing to
bear on the civil code, the logical training of the common law sys-
tem— his ten years of service as a judge were honorable to himself
and valuable to the public. In all the phases of his career and life
he has been thorouglily npright.

Retired upoli an araxjle fortune, amassed l^y forecast and business
energy — fond of his home, and devoted with entire liberality to tlie
education of his children — independent of office and in all other
wa^'s — strong and robust as ever in person and in mind — he is still a
power in any direction wherever he chooses so to be. His broad,
projecting brow, his direct and forcible speech and bearing, symbolize
his character. They assure you of vital energy, strong, practical
comprehension, directness and will. He may have more of the
^'' fortiter in /'^," than of the '^ si/aviter in viodo^^ but all who know
him have faith in his truth, implicit reliance upon the hearty lidelity
of his friendships, and assurance, that he is always loyal to his convic-
tions, both in public and in private life.

JAMES M. IIOYT.

Several years since, the writer of this was in conversation with a
poor man who had a hard struggle witii misibrtune and sickne.-s in
his attempt to rear a large family, and secure them a humble home-
stead. In the course of conversation the name of James ]M. Hoyt
was mentioned, and the poor man was inquired of who that gentle-
man was, " Lawyer Hoyt f he replied, ""wliy he's the honest lairyei\
God bless him I" He who could ac([uire tlii> title among the poor
must be no ordinary man.

James M. Hoyt was born in Utica, New York, January 10, 1815.
The circumstances of his parents were such that he was enabled to

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 211

aiv|iiirc a irood education, and graduated at ILimillon Collom\
Clini'.n. Now York, in 183-J-. On leaving College he coimiuMiced tii.-
sillily uf law in Utica, but soon removed to Cleveland, where, in
Fohniary, 1'^'>'5. he read law in the ofTice of Andrews A; Foot. lie
nMii.»ii)t'(l with them in that capacity for one year, when a partner.-hip
wax formed under the name of Andrews, Foot & Hoyt, which hinted
iiliout twelve years, and was dissolved only by the appointment of
Jud;:e Andrews to the bench of the Superior Court of Cuyahtjga
county. The lirm of Foot tt Hoyt continued four years longer, until
in 1 '*.'.•», -Mr, Hoyt withdrew from the practice of law and turned his
attention wholly to the business of real estate, not as a broker, but
a^ an operator on his own account, or in company "with others, nearly
al! his operatJons being adjacent to the city. For the last twenty
years his transactions have been very heavy, having made of land
Ijt'Ionging to him wholly, or in part, in the city of Cleveland and its
environs, thirty-one recorded sub-divisions, covering an area of live
luiUilred acres, on which he has personally, or in connection with
othfrs interested with him, opened and named no less than seventy-
^ix streets, including the well-known Croton, Laurel, Greenwood,
Humbolt, Mahoning, Kelly, L3'nden, 3Iaple, Mayllower and Siegel
streets, and Long-wood avenue. He was also largely instrumental in
opening Prospect beyond Hudson, and sold nearly half of the land
on Kinsman street, besides selling a large amount of land on Su])erior
and St. Clair streets ; also on the West Side, Madison avenue, Long
street, Colgate street and Waverly avenue. He has sold in all 3000
lots in Cleveland.

Mr. Ho3't united with tlie Baptist church in Utica in 1S35. Soon
after coming to Cleveland he became connected with the Fir.'^t
Baptist church Sunday school, and was its superintendent twenty-six
years, when he resigned, and became teacher of a congregaiional
Bible class, which labor of love he has performed for about three
'J'ears, and still continues.

hi 1S5-1:, he was licensed to preach the Gospel, by the church with
which he was connected. He w^as never ordained, and never
contemplated being, but simply desired to testify to Christian trutli
as a business man on the principle of '' He that heareth, let him say
come.'' For tlie past fifteen years he has labored in that capacity
more or less in nearly all the Protestant denominations in the city
and elsewhere.

In ISoi, he was elected I'resident of the Ohio Baptist Stare
Convention, and has been re-elected annually ever since, and has

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212 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

held anniversaries in nearly every city of tlie State. In ISGG, he was
elected president of the American Baptist Home Mission Society,
being the national organization for missions for North America, has
been re-elected annually, and still holds the office. Through all this
time Mr. Iloyt has made many public addresses, and given lectures
on both secular and religious subjects, in addition to publishing a
number of articles, reviews and other literary work.

He was married in 1836 to Miss I\rary Ella Beebe, in the city of
New York. Of this marriage have been born six children, live of
whom are living. Tlie oldest daughter, Mary Ella, died in 18.54, aged
■fourteen. The oldest son, TVayland, is in the Baptist ministry, and is
now-pastor of the Strong Place Baptist church, Brooklyn, N. Y. The
second son, Colgate, is now clerk and assistant in his father's
business. The daughter, Lydia, is the wife of Mr. E. J. Farmer-,
banker of this city.

We do not think it is exaggeration to say, that not a man in the city
has more entwined himself with the affection of the peoi)le than Mr.
Hoyt. For many years he has had the power to do untold evil to the
poor, and to do it with a show of justice and legality, but this power
was never exercised. Of the thousands of lots sold by him, a very
large proportion have been for homesteads for the poor, hundreds of
whom became involved through sickness, or other misfortunes, and
were not able to make payments when due ; many men died and left
encumbered homes for widows to struggle on TS'ith, but they never
lacked a friend in James M. Hoyt. Other creditors would sometimes
crowd such persons, but to the extent of his ability he always kei)t
them at bay, and if the load was in any case too heavy, would sell for
the embarrassed owners, and give them the benefit of the rise in
property. Time and again have we heard such things from the
grateful poor.

He is liberal with his means, contributing freely for religious and
charitable purposes. In politics he has ever sided with the party of
progress, and, although not a politician, has added his means and
exertions to the cause whenever necessary. During the war against
the rebellion he was an energetic supporter of the Government, and
rendered valuable aid to the cause of loyalty by his money and
influence.

Mr. Hoyt, since his retirement from the legal profession, has
devoted much time to those liberal studies which are too apt to be
neglected amid tlie engrossing engagements of the Bar. He is a ripe
scholar in English history, and especially in the period between the

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|;i-\i»hi!iou of lO'^S and the accession of the House ofllunovcr. Willi
•in rriitM'-!)tly jtracticai turn of mind, he is not disinclined lo nu'ta-
j.f.v-i. :i! iiivostii;ations, and we well remember the enlhusia>m ;ind
kiM-n /i«-<f with which he passed many winter evenings at the hotisc
f»f a iVitMid in reading, analyzing, and applying the canons of criticism
to li'irko'ft Essay on the Sublime and Beautiful. His article on
Mir;u-l<-s published in the October number, 1863, of the Christian
Ki-vir\s, contains one of the most searching examinations of Hume's
(!urtrinos extant. It presents a vexed subject in a new and
tttrikin:: bglit, and oflers an unanswerable argument to the sophistries
of the great skeptic. The article has been widely circulated and
nuirli a.lniired for its logical acumen, and its striking simplification
iA an apparently complex subject. With the faculty, in a large
dfgrce, of presenting abstract truth in a form plain, attractive and
infolligible to the common understanding, it is to be hoped that Mr.
Iloyt will continue to contribute to the higher departments of our
periodical literature, and thus by his studies and his pen add to his
present usefulness in his daily avocation, for we seldom find one
blessed with such a versatility of talent. He is methodical in every-
thing, and thorough in everything. In short, he is a good lawyer, a
good preacher, a good citizen, a good business man, a good father, a
good neighbor, and a true friend. He is now only tifty-four years of
age, both mentally and physically vigorous, and we sincerely hope
his life of usefulness may be extended many years.

■J I O I >i

FRANKLIN T. BACKUS

Franklin T. Backus, was born in Lee, Berkshire county, Massachu-
setts, May 6th, 1S13. He was the son of Thomas and Rebecca Backus.
While Franklin T. was very young, his father removed to Lansing,
New York, where he shortly died, leaving a large family of young
children to the care of his surviving widow, with limited means for
their support and education. In consequence of this, the subject of
this sketch was early in life inured to hardy exercise upon a farm, to
which, in after life, he has attributed his strong constitution, and
ability to endure continement, and the severest mental toil incident
to an extensive legal practice.

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214. CLErELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

It would l)e inapproiiriate in a brief sketch, to refer to and narrate
incidents of boyhood days, and they are therefore passed over. Mr.
Backus, while in early youth, became possessed of an unconquerable
desire for knowledge, and while laboring with his hands, his mind
was busy determiiiiug how \\(t should secure ihe advantages of educa-
tion. No superlicial acquirements could satisfy him. Added to native
talents, of a high order, were thoroughness and perseverance in
everything which he resolved to undertake, and these traits ap-
plied particularly to liim as a student. After resolving to obtain a
thorough classical education, he set about it in earnest, and in an
unusually short period of time, prepared himself, and on examination,
entered the junior class of Yale College in 1834, Though the only
time actually spent in college was during his junior and senior years,
yet his standing was very high, and he graduated at Yale in 1S36,
occupying a position of one of the best mathematicians in his class.
Soon after, he w^as tendered the position of assistant professor, or
instructor in that venerable institution, an honor accorded to but
few in so short a time after graduation.

On leaving Yale, Mr. Backus settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he
established a classical school, which at once became very popular
and successful, and shortly afterwards commenced the study of law
with Messrs. Bolton & Kelly, who were among the leading members
of the Cuyahoga county Bar.

In August, 1839, he was admitted to the practice of law at Cleve-
land, the Supreme Court then being in session there, and entered
at once upon the practice of his profession, in which, from the begin-
ning, he took a high position. He vras also an active politician, and
as a member of the Whig party, participated largely in its active
operations in the State, as well as in his own district, and was fre-
quently a recipient of its honors.

In 1841, he was elected to the office of prosecuting attorney of
Cuyahoga county, having been nominated to that office in a contest
in which several who were older and more experienced in the pro-
fession than he, were candidates. His administration of the olUce was
in the highest degree able and successful, and so met the approval of
the public, that he was renominated by his party and elected for the
second term of two years.

In January, 1842, Mr. Backus was married to Miss^ Lucy Mygatt,
daughter of George Mygatt, Esq., tlien of Bainesville, now of Cleve-
land. The choice was a most suitable and wise one, and Mrs. Backus
still lives, the light and joy of their home.

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1' i.»

Id l^i^s Mr. Hackus was elected as a member ol" the IIoum- of I^.j,-
f.-..:it;itivos in ll>e Ohio Legislature, and continued tliere only cue
tt-im. r'-l'c-iii^' a renomination. In 1S4S, he was elected to thi- iSt-iiale
».f olii.., iu which he took a commanding position, and was widtdy
ijn.r.l i)J" :iiMoiig his friends in various parts of the State as a suitahlo
t ,'uclidati' lor the United States Senate, as well as for the House ul"
i:.-;.rf«-oiiJatives in Congress.

rruiii the breaking out of the Eebellion to its close, he was as
-ircfi'KMis an advocate as anyone could be, of putting down the
licb'-llion at any hazard of blood and treasure, but differed widely
as to some of the measures and policy adopted by the Government,
and runsequently, did not, at, or about the close of the war, act with
\\i»: Ki'puldican party, nor has he since; and though not an active
j.fiiifit-iun, he is now generally recognized as a member of the Demo-
rr.it if party.

In 1^40, Mr. Backus associated himself in the legal practice with J.
I'. I>i-hop, Esq., with whom he continued for fifteen years. Mr. Bishop
was afterwards chosen one of the judges of the Court of Common
I'Ie;is of the Cleveland district. Afterwards, for several years, he
was associated with that able jurist, Judge R. P. Eanney, and now,
for some years, he has been associated with E. J. Estep, Esq., in his
profession.

That he stood high in his profession in the State as well as in
Cleveland, is showm by the fact that he was nominated, by the
Whig party, as candidate for Supreme Judge of Ohio, and after-
wards by the Republican party for the same office, but failed of an
election because the party nominating him was unsuccessful each of
those years in Ohio.

Mr. Backus' life for the last twenty j'ears has been almost
exclusively devoted to his profession. When the railroads were
projected which made Cleveland one of their terminations he
embarked in the enterprise of their location and construction, and
was early retained as their attorney and counsel, and has been acting
as such to the present time. The Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati
Railroad, from the beginning, so far as legal services have been
required, has been under his special supervision. His knowledge of
the department of law appertaining to corporations, and his ability as
a corporation lawyer, it is believed, is not surpassed. The same may
be said of him as a land lawyer, especially in regard to all questions
arising in the northern part of this State. In short, Mr. Backus has
had a very wide and varied exix^rience in almost every branch of

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216 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

legal practice, and in every case in which he has snflered himself to
be retained, he has made it a principle to be thorough and accurate^
and to possess himself of a full knowledge of his case in all its
aspects

As a summary as to Mr. Backus as a lawyer, it is the opinion of
those best acquainted with him and his professional ability, acquire-
ments and experience, that, as a whole, he is unsurpassed b}'' any in
the State.

In nearly all the great enterprises of the city his advice and
co-operation have been sought, and where legal advice and aid
have been required, his services have often been called into requisi-
tion by the city. He not only has occupied the position profession-
ally, before spoken of, but has, and does, still occupy high positions
of trust, both for the city and individuals, and in such matters it may
be safely said, there are few men living in whom more implicit confi-
dence is reposed.

The extent of his varied legal practice can only be judged of in
part, by his appearance in court. His business out of court has
constituted by far the largest and most important part of his practice,
and has always been done with a view to saving his client from
litigation in future, so far as possible, and this he ha:5 accomplished.

In pecuniary matters Mr. Backus has been successful, not only as
the fruits of arduous professional labors, but in other respects.

Mr. Backus is a very benevolent and liberal man, also, but his
generosity is not in the beaten track. It is bestowed unseen and
unknown by the public, and his ow"n judgment selects the object of
his bounty. His friendship when once bestowed is undying and
changes not with time or circumstances so long as the person on
whom it is bestowed proves worthy of his confidence.

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JESSE P. BISHOP,

|„,!.'i. liishop was born in New Haven, Vermont, June 1, lsl5,
uA w;'?^ taken with his father^s family to St. Lawrence county, New
York nhiNt yet a child. His father died when he was but nine years
..M .,'nd his inotlier returned to Vermont, taking her children with her.
vVmuiu a. he was of age to be serviceable, he was apprenticed to a
f-,r.ner until his fourteenth year, at the expiration of which time he
r...i.U>d with an uncle until his seventeenth year, when he leit farm
Mork in order to acquire an education. He studied hard for four or
live years, partly maintaining himself by teaching school, and at
len-th hod prepared himself for a collegiate course.

\n ls:56 he came to Cleveland, and after an experience in a count-
JM.^-room one season, he concluded that he was better adapted lor a
literary life. Accordingly he entered Western Reserve College, and
on examination was admitted to the senior class.

In 1S3S he began the study of law with Hon. Paifus P. Spalding,
afterwards with Andrews, Foote & Hoyt, and subsequently with
Varnum J. Card, and was admitted to practice August, 1S39, when he
immediately entered into partnership with Mr. Card, who, however
died about one year later, and Mr. Bishop formed a partnership with
F T Backus. This business connection continued tilteen years.

In 18.56 Mr. Bishop was elected to the Common Pleas Judgeship
of this countv and district, and served with great satisfaction both to
members of the profession and to the public. His decisions were
characterized by a painstaking research, and an exhaustless consid-
eration of the principles of law involved, indicating a clear, accurate
and discriminating mind. It is believed that very few of his decision.
were ever reversed by a higher court, which is of itself sufficient
testimony to his ability and industry. At the end of his term he
declined bein- a candidate, and at once resumed the practice ot la^^ .
In this he still continues, having associated with him beymour i: .
Adams, recently of the Lewis county Bar, New York.

Mr Bishop's life has been one of constant application to business,
having no idle time, and scarcely any leisure moments. With him a
decision is not reached by intuition, but by careful study, out when
he takes hold of a subject he studies it thoroughly to its conclusion,

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218 CLEri'lL.lXD, FAST AND PRESENT:

and is master of all its points. Although Mr. Bishop has never been
what may be termed physically robust, he possesses great power of
prolonged mental application. And being also endowed witli a most
remarkably retentive memory, his mind is stored with a very com-
prehensive knowledge of law. And if there be one faculty of his
mind more than another, that gives character to the man, it is his
prodigious memory of facts. In a case that recently came under our
notice, Judge Bishop gave evidence pertaining to a matter that
occurred some twenty years since, with apparently as much precision
as if the events occurred but yesterday.

In social and religious circles Judge Bishop ranks high. He is
agreeable in private life, and thoroughly conscientious in moral and
religious matters. He has long been a valued and honored member
of the Baptist denomination. By his uprightness of character, cour-
tesy of demeanor, ajid general good cxualities, he has won the respect
and esteem of a very large circle.

HENRY H. DODGE.

Amongst the very earliest settlers in Cleveland, was Samuel
Dodge, the father of the subject of this notice, who emigrated
from Westmoreland, New Hampshire, to this phice, in 17DT, bein"-
then about 21 years of age. On arriving at Cleveland he built a loo-
shanty, and remained about one year, when lie wont to Detroit, and
remained about the same length of time, and returned to Cleveland
which he considered his home. Here and in the adjoining township
he resided to the day of his death, which occurred October 8d, 1S54,
aged 7>! years. xVbout seven years after romiiiir to Cleveland he
married a Miss Nancy Doan, of Connecticut, who ilied in Cleveland,
Decemijer l'.»th, lMi;j, leaving two sons, Geor-e C. and Henry H.

It is said that Samuel Dodge built the lirst frame buihling in this
city, about the year ISOO, and which was a barn for (Governor Samuel
Huntington, at that time living at rainesville. \\\< pmper i-usiness
was that of a wheelwright, but adapted himself to all kinds of wood-
work in the new country. During the war of ISIl', he took a contract

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of Major Jessup, the commander at this point, for building u large
number of b(nits for the Government, both here and at Krio.

Henry H. was born x\iigust 19tli, ISIO, and enjoyed what ethicu-
tional advantages Cleveland aiTorded, linishing his education under
Hon. Harvey Rice, At the age of twenty he commenced the study
of law with Hon, John W. Willey. In 1S35, he married Miss .Mary
Ann Willey, a niece of Mr, Willey, of which marriage seven children
were born, Mrs, Dodge died February 4, 1S67.

Mr, Dodge was admitted to the Bar at the same time with H. V,
Willson and H. B. Payne, in 1S34, He at once entered into partner-
ship with Mr. V\"il]ey, and continued with him until the latter was
elected to the president judgeship of the Court of Common Pleas, in
1840, Mr, Dodge then withdrew from the practice of law to devote
his whole attention to the duties of a disbursing agent of the United
States, for public works, to which he had been appointed two years
previously. He held that position until 1841. He was also commis-
sioner of insolvents during 1837 and 1838.

In 1850, he was appointed State engineer, having charge of public
works, and retained the position until 1855, On the organization of
the United States District Court for Northern Ohio, he was ap-
pointed United States Commissioner, and held that office for three
years. In 1859, he was again appointed State engineer, and continued
as such until 1862, since which time he has devoted himself wholly
to his real estate interests, opening up new streets, building tenement
houses, and materially aiding in the growth and beauty of the eastern
portion of the city. As early as 1837, he built the large brick block
on the corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, formerly known as the
Farmers' Block, which was, at that time, one of the largest in the
city,

Mr. Dodge, through all his offices of trust as well as private busi-
ness, has maintained a character for integrity and honor. He is
unassuming and affable, and well calculated to enjoy the handsome
competency accruing from tlie rise of liis early real estate purchases,
and being of a remarkably kind and benevolent disposition, one of
his chief pleasures arises from the consciousness of doing good, by
assisting those who are in need, to the extent of his ability. During
the war he was most active in tiie country's cause, and spent his time
and means freely in furnishing substitutes and rendering comfort to
the families of our brave defenders, and we think, more than anything
else, this desire to promote the prosperity and happiness of mankind,
gives character to him.

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320 CLEVELAND, PAST AM) PRESEST:

Mr. Dodge lias resided on Euclid avenue over thirty years, having
built the residence now owned by General Oviatt, adjoining the pre-
sent residence of Mr. D. P. Kells, in ISuS, the site at that time being
outside the city limits. After a few years he sold this to Thomas
Bolton, and in 1S40, built a brick cottage opposite JBrownell street,
which he occupied about fifteen years, when it gave place to the pre-
sent edifice, the land having been in the family since the year ISOO.

^JAMES M. COFFINBERRY.

Judge Coffinberry is a native of Mansfield, Ohio, having been born
in that town in ISIS. He studied law with his father, Andrei' ColTin-
berry, Esq., then located at Perrysburg, in the western part of the
State, and upon his admission to the Bar in 1841, opened a law olfice
in connection with his father in Maumee City. He very early
obtained the public confidence, being appreciated for his high per-
sonal and professional integrity, and giving evidence of fine abilities
as a lawyer and advocate, he was elected and served as prosecuting
attorney for Lucas county for several years. About the year 1S45, he
removed to Hancock county, and purchased and edited the Findlay
Herald, a Whig paper of that day, and for about ten years practiced
his profession with credit and success in the large circuit of Hancock,
Allen, Putnam, Van Wert, and Wood counties.

In 1855, he removed to Cleveland, where he entered very readily
into a good practice, and for six years confirmed the good reputation
which he brought with him, and took high rank at a Bar which num-
bers among its members some of the best lawyers in the State.

In 1861, he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and
performed the duties of the olfice for his full term of live years, with
credit to himself and to the eminent satisfaction of the public, and
an appreciative Bar. The kind and genial traits are characteristics
of Judge Cotfinberry's mind, and his quiet manners upon the Bench
made it always agreeable for both lawyers and suitors doing bu>iness
in his court. His charges to the jury were always plain, clear, and
forcible, and in the course of his judicial service, he delivered some

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 221

very able opinions, verbal and written, whicli elicited tlio fiivoraljlo
consideration of the profession, and it is understood that no Judi'-ial
opinion pronounced by him has ever been reversed on rovirw of ;i
higher court. The cliarge to the jury on the trial of J)r. Jolm W.
lluglies, for the murder of Tamzen Parsons, of Bedford, which took
place in December, 1SG5, was acknowledged by the Cleveland Bar to
be one of the ablest ever delivered from the Cuyahoga Bench.

Judge Cofhnberry is remarkable for an apparently intuitive per-
coi)tion of legal truth, which gives to his argument at the Bar, and as
a lawyer and judge, to his opinions, a tone of originality. He has a
fine ajipreciation of the learning of the profession, but though not,
strictly speaking, technical in his administration of the law, he is
never unipindful of its nicestdistinctions, but makes them subservient
to his broad and liberal views of the case. He has now returned to
the practice of his profession, and is regarded as among the best
advocates of the Cleveland Bar.

While ^[r. Coffinberry has won distinction as a lawyer, the follow-
ing record will show that he is amongst our most enterprising and
energetic business men, outside of his profession : He is president ot
the Midas Insurance Company ; a director in the Willow Bank Coal
Company; a director of the Tuscarawas Iron and Coal Company;
was one of the projectors of the People's Gas and Coke Company, oi
the West Side ; has been a director of the Mahoning Railroad Com-
pany; director and attorney for the Fremont and Indiana Railroad
Company; took an active interest in the construction of the West
Side street railroad, and also the Rocky River Railroad ; he was a
member of the City Council for two years, and president of that
body.

In politics, he was formerly a Whig, but now acts with the Demo-
crats. He was principal Secretary of the Great Union Convention
that nominated the late David Tod for Governor.

Judge Coffinberry has been successful in almost every undertaking,
and has richlv deserved it.

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222 CLETELAXD PAST AXD PRESENT:

JAMES MASOiN.

No member of the Cleveland legal fraternity stands higher in the
respect of his colleagues and the general public, both for legal
abilities and personal qualities, than James Mason. As a lawyer he
stands in the front rank of the profession, his extensive reading, well
balanced judgment, and logical reasoning, making him one of the
most reliable counsellors and successful practitioners, whether
before a cour\; or a jury, whilst no more valuable or respected citizen
is found among the list of residents of Cleveland.

Mr. Mason was born in the Autumn of 1S16, in Canton, Ohio, of
Vermont stock, his parents having early emigrated to this State. He
was carefully educated at a good school in Trumbull county, and
spent two years in Western Keserve College. In 183.5, he entered the
senior class in Jefferson College and graduated with the class of 1836.
On leaving College he studied law with Hon. A. W. Loomis, in
New Lisbon, Ohio, and was admitted to the Bar in 1839, when he
practiced in partnership with his preceptor until 1845. With the close
of this partnership he went abroad and spent some time in foreign
travel, returning in 1851, when he removed to Cleveland and opened
a law office. His abilities and assiduous attention to business soon
brought him a large and remunerative practice. Among other
business he became the legal adviser of the Cleveland Sc Toledo
Railroad Company, and also one of its directors. The value of his
connection with the company was speedily recognized and acknowl-
edged. Business of the highest class came to him until lie has
come to find his time fully occupied by the best class of practice.

The duties of his profession, though laborious, are not allowed to
engross the whole of his time to the exclusion of domestic pleasures
and social enjoyments. The general culture of Mr. Mason's mind,
in addition to his legal attainments, and liis alVable manner, make
him an agreeable companion for social intercourse, and together with
his sterling qualities as a man, and his patriotism as a citizen, have
won for him a host of friends warmly attached to him, and loyally
resolved to do him honor.

Mr. Mason was married in 1853, to Miss Caroline Kobinson, of "W il-
loughby. Of this marriage there are live children.

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ITS REPRESENTATIl'E MEN.

DANIEL R. TILDEN.

Tlio name of Daniel E. Tilden has long been familiar in Cleve.aiid
am! its vicinity. For fifteen years he has held the office of Probate
■Uh\i'o of Cuyahoga county, and from the nature of his office, lias
been brought into connection with a large proportion of the citizens,
and become intimately acquainted with their personal and family
allairs. Many of these business acquaintances became warm personal
friends, and it is believed that neither by his official, nor by his private
lifv^, has Judge Tilden made one real enemy.

Mr. Tilden was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, November oth, ISOG,
lie received a fair common school education, and on reaching his
eighteenth year, left his nntive State for the South, residing fou.- years
in North Carolina and Virginia. But the South was not a congenial
soil for the son of the genuine Yankee State, so he turned his steps
westward, and set out for Ohio. At Garrettsville, Portage county, he
halted awhile, and then went to study law with Mr. Pierson, at
Kavenna. To complete bis legal education, he entered the office ot
R. P. Spalding, and studied with him for some time.

In 1S31, a movement was on foot to agitate the question of abolish-
ing slavery. The movement was exceedingly unpopular, and it
required considerable nerve to profess abolition sentiments. Now,
when no other principle is avowed, it scarcely seems possible that
men, now among us in the prime of life, had to endure obloquy,
ridicule, and even danger, for expressing sentiments that no one now
dreams of dissenting from. Among the first to espouse the abolition
doctrines was Judge Tilden. With Robert F. Paine he commenced
the work of organizing an Abolition Society in Garrettsville, the first
of the kind in Portage county. In this work he labored with un-
wearied zeal, and became extensively known as one of the most
prominent and active of anti-slavery leaders.

In 1S32, :^[r. Tilden was elected justice of the peace, and continued
in that office four years ; soon after the conclusion of the term, he
formed a law partnership with Judge Sp;ilding, at Ravenna. This
arrangement continued about four years, wlien he formed a X)artner-
ship with W. S. C. Otis, which lasted about three years, and was

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224 CLE TEL AM), PAST A X D J'RESEXT:

terminated by Jud'^o Tild^'ii hocomin;:; prosecuting attorney, an ofTice
he held four years.

In 1842, Jud-e Tildon was elected to Congress as a Whig, from the
district composed of Summit, Portage, and Trumbull counties, and
was in the House of Kejiresentalives during the exciting debates
relative to tlic annexation of Texas and tiie Mexican war. He, with
twelve otJiers, took a l)old stand against tlie war, making several
speeches of very marked ability. He and his associates, among
whom were Gov. A^ancc, Columbus Delano, and Joseph Hoot, refused
to vote for tlie bill furnishing means to carry on the war, because of
the preamble to the lull, which said: "Whereas, we are, by the act
of Mexico, become engaged in war," ttc, vtc. This, Judge Tilden and
his associate^ considered false, they would not vote for the bill until
it was stricken out, and the names of these thirteen were sent
throughout the country surrounded with a funeral border.

At the Baltimore Convention tliat nominated General Scotr, Judge
Tilden represented Lake and Summit counties ; and at the Philadel-
phia Convention that nominated Taylor, he represented Summit,
Trumbull, and Portage.

In 1852, Judge Tilden removed to Cleveland and formed a law
partnership with Hon. H. B. Payne. Two years afterwards he was
elected Probate Judge, of Cuyahoga county, and tilled the position
with such marked satisfaction to his constituents that he was re-
elected at the close of every term, and still holds the othce he has
filled for tifteen consecutive years.

When practicing law. Judge Tilden was distinguished for his abili-
ties as an advocate, and his qualifications for the judicial othce he
fills is attested by his repeated re-elections to it. His otlicial conduct
has been marked by uniform kindness, attention to the duties of his
ofiice, and the interests of those having business with it, and a con-
stant endeavor to do right by all, whether rich or poor, learned or
ignorant. If he has committed any errors — and no judge, from the
Supreme Court down, but must plead guilty to some— tiiey have been
errors of judgment only, and not of interest. No one can deny to
Judge Tilden unimpeached honesty of purpose, warmtli of lieart, and
an earnest endeavor to deal justly with all men.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE ME.\'. 225

CHARLES W. PALMER.

Prominent among the young men of the profession who promise to
take and worthily till the places of the old leaders of the Cleveland
Bar now partly superannuated and soon to retire from active life, is
Charles W. Palmer.

Mr. Palmer was born in Norwich, New London county, Connecticut,
September S, 1S26. Nine years after, his father, Joseph B. Palmer
removed to Cleveland with his family, and was for a time engaged in
the storage business on the river. He is now in the employ of the
Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad Company. Charles had only the
advantages of the common schools until he was sixteen, but before
he reach.ed that age he had manifested an industry at his books
which promised well for his future. He taught school on " the
ridge"" West of Cleveland, walking out to the school house and back
before and after school hours, and at the same time prosecuting his
own studies. He prepared for College under Rev. S. B. Cantleld and
W, D. Beattie, of Cleveland, and when nearly eighteen was admitted
to Western Reserve College at Hudson. He graduated in IS-I-S, with
the highest honors of his class. For two years after graduation he
was x>rincipal of the High School in Akron, and the next year a tutor
in Western Reserve College, Coming to Cleveland again after this,
he studied law in the office of Judge Foote, and was admitted to the
Bar in the Fall of 1S53, In the Spring of the following year he made
his first success in political life, being elected to the City Council.
In the Spring of 1S59, he was elected city attorney. The duties of this
office he discharged satisfactorily to ail, and found the practice it
brought a material help in his profession. In the Fall of 1SG3, ^Ir.
Palmer was elected prosecuting attorney lor the county. Here lie
was brought very xu'ominently into notice Ijy the successful prosecu-
tion of several important cases.

In his profession, ]Mr. Palmer has been a constantly rising man,
until now he is on one or the other side ot most of the important
cases in our courts. His reputation as a criminal lawyer is especially
high. In 1SG5, he prosecuted the celebrated Hughes muider case
successfully. Two years afterwards he defended .McConnell, I he

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226 CLEl'ELAM), FAST A X D PRESENT:

murderer, and in 18GS, defended Mrs. Victor, in one of the most
remarkable poisoning cases ever brought into court. His argument
in the latter case was a masterpiece of legal acumen, forcible
exposition, and polished speech. Mr. Palmer began the practice of
law in Cleveland in the firm of Palmer it Austin. Afterwards he was
associated with R. B. Dennis, Esq., and at present he is senior in the
firm of Palmer & De Wolf.

In July, 1S49, Mr. Palmer married Miss Sabrina Parks, of Hudson,
Ohio. This estimable ladj^ died in little more than a year after the
marriage, leaving a son but a few weeks old. The son still survives.
In 1855, Mr. Palmer married Miss Minerva Stone, a sister of Mr. S. S.
Stone, of Cleveland. This second wife died in childbed eleven
months after marriage, and in 1858, Mr. Palmer married his present
wife. She was Miss Lucy Hubbeil, a daughter of Calvin Hubbell,
Esq., of New York. By this marriage there is a son now about ten
years old.

In politics, Mr. Palmer has been a member of the Republican
party since its organization. He gave the war for the Union an
earnest, active and powerful support. No man appreciated more
thoroughly the principles involved in that contest, and few indeed
have the power to present those principles so well as he. His party
services have been numerous and efficient. A man of line personal
appearance, with a fair, open face, which carries with it the
conviction of sincerity in all he says, possessed of a grace of manner
which makes it a pleasure to hear him on any subject, and having
such a command of language as to enable him to put his thoughts in
the fittest words, he is of course a favorite speaker always. He has a
conscientiousness in all he does, which never allows him to treat
carelessly any matter, even in an unexpected public speech. There
are few men in Cleveland who carry so much w^eight in speaking,
whether it be before a court and jury, or to a general assembly of
people. Taking an intelligent interest in all public affairs, he yet
devotes himself studiously to his profession, in which he has as bright
prospects as any man at his age need wish for.

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rrs REPRESENTATD^E ME\'.

WILLIAM COLLINS

Wilham Collins was born at Lowville, New York, tiie county seat
of Lewis county, February 22, 1818. He was a son of Ela Collins,
who was a son of General Oliver Collins, of Oneida county, New
York, and Maria Clinton, daughter of Rev. Isaac Clinton, of Lowville.

Mr. Collins read law with his father, and was admitted to practice
in the courts of New York, at Rochester, in September, 1818. In
October, 1813, he formed a copartnership with his father, under the
firm name of E. & W. Collins. They continued in active and
successful practice until the death of his father, in 1849. Immedi-
ately after Mr. Collins' admission to the Bar, he was elected, as the
successor of his father, public prosecutor. This office he held until
1840, when he resigned, having been elected, by the Democratic
party, in November, 1846, at the age of twenty-seven, a member ot
the House of Representatives, in the Thirtieth Congress. The district
represented by him was composed of Lewis and St. Lawrence
counties. He was in Congress in the years 1847-8-9, during the tirst
agitation of the question of extending slavery to the free territories.
Mr. Collins opposed the proposed extension with nmch zeal and
ability. Among his speeches will be found one delivered Ju y 2>'.
1848, on the " Bill to establish the territorial government of Or.'gon,"
advocating the Wilmot Proviso. Apart from its merit as a brilliant
literary production, it contains many pass:iges that will be read with
much interest by the general reader, as showing the beginning ot the
end at which we have arrived. Slavery itself jiaving now become a
matter of history, we think it will be of interest to introduce the
following extracts from the Congressional Globe of July, 1848 :

I shall assume, then, sir, that the instituliun cIocm not exist in our hue Mexican
acquisitions, but that it has been effectually proliiMt.-d. The real (luestion. then, is
shall the laws secunnp; freedom in thes- Territories !).■ abolislied, and !>lasery established 1
This is indeed, sir, a question of the o^nivest uiaprnitude. To millions of the o])J)l•e^^eJ
and degraded children of Africa, it is an issue up..!! wliich depends all that is dear to
them in life— all that is bitter in the hour of di-nih. It se.-ms to m-^, sir, that they are
even now stretching forth tbeir dark hands, and beseeching us, in the name of the Ciod

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228 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

of liberty whom our fathers worshipped, to remove from them the poisoned cup of
bondage — to forge for them no more chains. Tlie termination of this (juestion also
involves the dearest interests of everv person in this country who desires to sustain
himself by honorable labor. It intimately concerns our national honor, reputation, and
progress in the great family of nations. The two hundred and fifty thousand immigrants
who annually land upon our shores are in pursuit of ' free soil and free labor.' Can we
pronounce in favor of slavery, witlKJut danger to our experiment at self-government '!
If we thus decide, what will become of the cherished hopes of the friends of civilization,
Christianity, and human progress?

Those who insist upon preserving freedom in the Territnries, have no desire to
disturb the institution of slavery in the States. The Constitution confers upon them no
such authority. They could not interfere with it if they would, and they would not if
they could. They have ever heretofore been, and still are, ready strictly to fulfil the
constitutional provisions upon this subject.

I shall aim to discuss this question ■^^ith a proper regard for the most sensitive feelings
of our brethren of the slave States, but also, sir, with a plainness commensurate with its
profound importance. The legislatures of thirteen of the States of the Union, including
Delaware, which still has two thousand slaves, have passed resolutions instructing their
Senators and requesting their Representatives in Congress to oppose any further exten-
sion of slavery. There is but one sentiment upon this subject throughout the free States
— it is that of eternal and uncompromising/ hostility to the project. They will never
consent that the free and virgin soil of the Territories shall be blighted and cursed by
the tears of the slave, while they have a will to determine, or a muscle to resist.

The proposition to make this Government the instrument for planting slavery upon
soil now free, is regarded by a few at the North as so improbable and monstrous, that
they have refused to believe that it is seriously entertained. Startling as the proposal is,
it is nevertheless true. *****»*«

Another argument employed by these apologists is, that the ' Proviso,' or a law
proliibiting slavery in these Territories, is unnecessary ; that it is an abstraction — a
' firebrand' employed by demagogues and factionists to kindle strife in the Democratic
party ; that the Territories are now free, and that they will so continue, unless an act of
Congress is passed establishing slavery. It is impossible to avoid asking ourselves why,
if these gentlemen are sincere — if they truly believe that slavery can not and will not
go there, and they do not desire that it should — why they so strenuously oppose the
passage of such a j^rohibition ? If their views are correct, then such a law would be
a mere harmless superfluity. But, sir, this ' firfhrand of freedom is a thing more exalted
and noble than a mere abstraction. It is wielded by men of strong arms, adamantine
will, and hearts animated by the divine impulses of patriotism and liberty. They have
registered a vow in Heaven to employ every lawful and constitutional means to roll back
the dark tide of slavery from the tenii)le of Freedom, and vindicate the character of the
Republic from the disgrace and reproach of establishing slavery in a free territory. We
are no abstractionists. The Representatives in this Congress from the lifteen slave-
holding States of the Union, without an exception, and without distinction of party, avow
an intention to carry their slaves into these Territories, and there hold them in bondage.
They assert, with passionate vehemence, that they have such a constitutional right.
They have even told us, sir, that, regardless of the remonstrances of the people of the
North — heedless of any prohibitory law of Congress upon the subject, they would invade

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llii' fm> w.il of th.' Pdcilio, and tiike with tliem their slaves, <ind ^cmponx »f >/<j\i„:- .'
Arw Jli.iM'<l.-chiralioii.s abstractions V Do they make no appeal lor ininiediate, .•ikt^.-iIc
aa.l pr..hii.iiory Ifi^'islatiou-.' *»*»»«,

-W h:n .Irivcn from every other arnrument, o:eut]eiaen of the South tlirciiti-n, tliai if
Un- • 1't'>\\>^>' or a law prohibitiuy- slavery in free territory, is passed, they will dii-solvu
Xhf rtiion. At the North, the dissolution of the Union is not regarded as auioij;^
l»oH«il.If .-vents. Its value is never calculated. It has been cemented by too many
roinmoii imd glorious sacri6ces and struggles ; it is protected by too many pious invoca
(i.inx of its magnanimous founders, to be easily severed. The cause by which these
fnittTnal bonds are sundered must be other than a refusal on the part of the free States
to ftliow the (Government to establish slavery in free territory. A submission to the
will of the majority is a fundamental principle of our institutions. If the North are
overborne in this contest, they must and will submit. If the demands of the South are
denied by the decision of the majority, a like cheerful and ready acquiesence is expected.
I'ntil, however, the majority have decided, no legal and constitutional efforts to exclude
slavery from these Territories will Ije abated by passionate threats against the peace and
perpetuity of the Union. The Union would never have been formed had the present
demand of tlie slave States been made and insisted upon. A proposition in the Consti-
tutional Convention to make the Government a propagandist of slavery in free territory,
would have been indignantly rejected.

Whilst we stand here, upon the floor of the American Congress, at the noon cf the
nineteenth century, gravely discussing whether or not we will extend and perpetuate
slavery, the monarchical governments of Europe are striking oti' shackles and ' letting
the oppressed go free.' Slavery has been abolished by the French colonics. Portugal,
Spain, and Russia, are moving in the work of emancipation. Within a few years
England has given liberty to eight hundred thousand slaves. She has expended, within
the last forty years, one hundred millions of dollars in suppressing the slave trade. Is it
reserved for the Government of ' free, happy America,' in the midst of examples like
these, to be fastening corroding chains upon human beings? Sooner th.an be involved
in such stupendous guilt, let our name and existence perish among the nations.

On the part of the Xorth no ' compromises' can be made. But one answer — a stem,
unyielding NO — will be given to all such proposals. We have made all the coni^essions
that we can make, or ought to make. If a law under the name of a ' compromise' is
passed, planting slavery upon a single square mile of free territory, it will have no rest.
Repeai, I will be shouted from the mountain tops of the North, and reverberated in
thunder tones through the valleys. The preservation of ' free soil for free men," will
alone be satisfactory. For this purpose, the passage of an act of Congress prohibiting
slavery in free territory, will be unceasingly urged, until the great measure is
consummated.

During this Congress, although tJio anti-slavery-extension men
were in a minority in both branches, all compromise bills were de-
feated, and their defeat was due in a good degree to the industrious
and vigilant efforts of ^fr. Collins, and a few associates in the House.

Mr. Collins was tendered a renomination to the thirty-first Con-
gress, but having determined to remove to the West, he declined, and
Preston King was elected in his stead. He continued, with much

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230 CLEJ'ELAXD. PAST AXD FRESEXT:

success, the business of the lato linn ofK. l*c W. Collins, until Decem-
ber, 1853, when he removed to Cleveland and opened a law otfice.
He was soon elected a director of the ^[erchants Bank of Cleveland,
and of the Lake Shore Kaihvay Comfjany. Subsequently he became
a director in the Bellefontaine liailw^ay Company; the Cleveland,
Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway Company ; the James-
town and Franklin liaihva}^ Company, of Pennsylvania; the East
Cleveland Street Kailroad Company; the Mercer Iron and Coal
Company, of Pennsylvania, and the Merchants National Bank, of
Cleveland, the active duties of which positions have absorbed very
much of his attention and time. He has occasionally appeared in
the courts here in litigated cases, but has mainly confined his profes-
sional work to his olhce, Mr. Collins had a high standing as a lawyer
in New York, and has fully sustained his early reputation here. He
is most remarkable for an admirably fair and clear way of stating and
arguing to the court and jury, the questions both of law and fact.
This contributed greatly to his success, not only as a forensic advocate,
but as a political orator, and legislative debater.

The sympathies of Mr. Collins having always been on the side of
freedom, he joined the Republican party on its organization, and has
remained faithful to its principles. When the Rebellion broke out he
threw himself heartily into the cause of the Union, and contributed
freely with money and labor in every available way for the furtherance
of the Union cause. He served on the local military and other com-
mittees, working faithfully and energetically, and contributing largely
to the excellent record Cleveland and the county made during the
war, by repeatedly and promptly tilling the quota of troops required,
and by liberal contributions in aid of the sick and wounded soldiers.
Whenever an effort was needed, the voice of Mr. Collins was heard
exhorting the people earnestly to energetic action and liberal contri-
butions, and his exhortations were promptly and efficiently seconded
by his own example. With him precept and practice went together.

Such men as Mr. Collins would do the people valuable service
were they chosen to fill resi)onsible places in the legislative councils
and executive departments of the State and Nation. But in these
days something more than— or it may too often be said — something
different from abilities of the description possessed by Mr. Collins,
seems to be required to secure the favor of the people, or rather of
the political managers. He is of too ingenuous a nature to yield to
the intrigues and servility, too often, now a-days, demanded of politi-
cal candidates by the managers.

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ITS REPRESEXTATirE MEN. -j.-ij

On November 'JOth, l>40, Mr. Collins was married al Columbus, to
Jane, secon-l daughter of the late xVlfred Kell}' — tlie two ramilies
having l)een early neighbors and friends in New York. Two children
of this marriage survive, Frederick and Walter, the former seventeen
years of age at the present time, and the latter fourteen.

RUFUS PERCIVAL RANNEY.

Rufus P. Ranney, one of the most profound jurists this country
has produced, was born at Blandford, Massachusetts, October 30, 1S13.
Kis father, Rufus Ranney, was an honest, industrious farmer, of
Scotch descent. His mother, whose maiden name was Dottie D.
Blair, came from revolutionary stock.

About the year 1S22, Rufus Ranney removed with his family to
Ohio. After a short stay at Fairport, Lake county, they finally
located at Freedom, Fortage county, where they made a permanent
settlement upon a farm. It was there that Rufus P. Ranne}' spent
the years of his early manhood, and there his parents lived until their
decease. Judge Ranney's father was highly respected in the neigh-
borhood nhere he lived, and, though in humble circumstances, did all
within his power for the education of his children, training them in
the pathway of honesty and integrity — traits of character which have
marked the public and private career of his distinguished son. His
mother, an amiable woman who had received a good education, was
very attentive to her children, and her son, Rufus P. doubtless owes
much of whatever he has been in life to her early teachings.

Until he became of age, Rufus P. Ranney was engaged upon his
fathers Tarm, obtaining, during the winter season, a few weeks
education at such schools as a country village then afforded. He
attended the college at Hudson for a season, but circumstances
prevented his remaining long enougli to graduate with his class.

In the year 1S35, having determined to make a start in life for
himself, he left his home and traveled on foot to Jefferson, Ashtabula
county. In a speech made by him at Ashtabula in September, 1S6S,
he referred to the time of his arrival at Jefferson, his worldly goods
consisting of the clothing upon his person, and one extra shirt, which
he carried in the top of his hat.

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282 CLEJ'ELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

Entering the ollice of J^enjaniiii F. Wade, he applied hinisell" with
diligence to the study of the law, and after a clerkship of one year
was admitted to the ]3ar. Soon afterward he entered into partnership
with his preceptor. The firm of Wade A: Kanney was a powerful one,
and "ruled the circuit" of North Eastern Ohio. For several years it
enjoyed an extensive practice. The firm was dissolved upon the
removal of Judge Ivanney to Warren, (1844,) and Mr. Wade was soon
afterward chosen President Judge of the Third Judicial District, from
which position he was transferred to the Senate of the United States.

In 1S46, and again in 1848, Judge Ranney was an unsuccessful
candidate for Congress. In the Trumbull district the Whig party was
largely in the majority, and though Judge Ranney was defeated, he
ran considerably ahead of the general ticket, reducing the Whig
majorit}^ to hundreds, when before, that party had triumphed by
thousands.

The people having determined that a convention be held to form
a new constitution, Judge Rannej' was chosen to represent the
counties of Trumbull and Geauga. The convention was held in 1850.
It was composed of the first men of the State ; both parties seem to
have vied with each other in sending their ablest representatives.
There were William Medill, its President, who afterwards became
Governor of the State; the venerable Ex-Governor Yance ; Henry
Stanbery, late Attorney General of the United States; Peter Hitch-
cock, for thirty years a judge of the Supreme Court; Benjamin
Stanton, long a member of Congress ; Judges Joseph E. Swan,
Sherlock J. Andrews, Simeon Nash and William Kennon ; Charles
Reemelin, D. P. Leadbetter, William Sawyer, and others not less
prominent in the judicial and political annals of Ohio.

In that convention, Rufus P. Ranney greatly distinguished himself.
Although but thirty-six years of age he commanded the respect and
admiration of all its members, and won for himself a high reputation
as a sound lawyer and ready debater. No one was more looked to
for advice, and none more generally correct in giving it. He was, in
fact, a leader, whose council, in almost every instance, was acceded
to by the convention. All the propositions which he introduced
were for the welfare and benefit of the people. Jn the otTicial report
of the debates will be found his views upon nearly or ([uite all of the
questions which agitated the convention. He was the champion of
the people against monopolies, and many of the most important
provisions in the constitution are the work of his hand.

The course which he pursued met the hearty approval of the

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l»fo}ilc am! niacle his name prominent throughout the .State. In
rosponsr to the wishes of the members of the legal profession, and
the ^.MMu'ral desire of the public, he was, by the legislature ol ls51,
rfio-fii one of the judges of the Supreme Court. When the new
o*)n«;fitnti()n went into effect, he was elected to the same position by
a large majority.

•Fiidire Kanney occupied a place upon the Supreme Bench until
Is.'jd, when he resigned on account of ill health. That year he was
a member of the Cincinnati National Convention, which nominated
James Buchanan for President.

In ^larch, 1857, Judge Ranney, unsolicited on his part, received
from President Buchanan the appointment of United States Attorney
for the Northern District of Ohio. This position he held until July,
when he resigned. He then removed to Cleveland, where he
resumed the practice of his profession, as a member of the tirm of
Ranney, Backus (It Noble.

In 1S59, Governor Chase tendered him the appointment of com-
missioner to examine and report upon the condition of the State
Treasury, this being soon after the Gibson-Breslin defalcation, by
which the State lost several hundred thousand dollars. Judge
Kanney declined this appointment. The same year he was unani-
mouslj' nominated by the Democratic State convention as the candi-
date of that party for Governor — his opponent on the Republican
ticket being the Hon. William Dennison, of Franklin county, late
Post-Master General of the United Stales. After a most gallant
canvass. Judge Ranney failed of an election, though he ran ahead
of the other candidates on the ticket in all parts of the State.

In 1862, against his personal wishes, he was nominated by the
Democracy for Judge of the Supreme Court. He consented to be a
candidate only after the convention had positively refused to accept
his declination. The Republican nominee was his law partner, the
Hon. Franklin T. Backus, one of the most prominent members of the
Cuyahoga Bar. The result was the election of Judge Ranney by a
decided majority, and although party lines were closely drawn, he
again ran ahead of his ticket several thousand votes.

He held the position of judge of the Supreme Court until 1SG4,
when he resigned. Some months afterwards he resumed the practice
of his profession in connection with his son-in-law, Mr. T. Kelley
Bolton.

During the same year, (T&04) he was chosen one of the delegates
at large to the Democratic National Convention, which nominated

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234 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

George B. McClellan for Tresident, and was selected by the Ohio
delegation as the member from Ohio of the Democratic National
Committee, holding that position until 1868. In the late Presidential
camx>aign, his name lieaded tlie Democratic electoral ticket. This
closes his public record. It is an interesting one, and though briefly
given, exhibits this fact, viz. : the confidence and regard in which he
has ever been held by the Democracy of Ohio. Year after year his
voice has been heard throughout the State in defence of the Consti-
tution and laws, and the honors which his party have bestowed upon
him, are but a merited tribute to his energy, ability, and integrity of
character.

As a lawyer, Judge Ranney has ever held the front rank in his
profession. His practice has been extensive and important ; proba-
bly no attorney in the State has, during the past ten years, been
retained in as many cases. Possessed of a strong, discriminating
mind, capable of enduring long continued mental labor, he unites
with activity and energy a determined spirit, which enables him to
overcome obstacles which would appal most men.

Judge Ranney is as logical as eloquent, and when his great reason-
ing powers are brought into full sv\'ay, formidable must be the
opponent to overcome him. His arguments in court are peculiarly
appropriate, clear, calm, and strong; without wordy declamation,
vehement gesture, or passionate appeal ; he seldom fails to carry his
point, even when the odds seem overwhelmingly against him.

Judge Ranney has a mind richly stored with not only the treasures
of his profession, but ot ancient and modern classics, and the best
literature of the day. He is a great reader, and though he writes but
little, whatever proceeds roni his pen is marked by elegance and
culture.

As a Judge, he was courteous, affable and indulgent. His decisions
are his best tnojiuments. They exhibit profound learning, sound
judgment and extensive research. Xo judge was more popular upon
the Bench. Dignified and benevolent, he enjoyed in an eminent
degree tlie confidence of the Bar and the public. He had the vmx-
staiit respect of those who differed from liim in opinion, and when he
resigned his seat upon the Bench, the best men of all parties expressed
regret at his retirement from a position which lie had bO much
adorned. Pre-eminent in legal knowledge, Rufus P. Ranney has
reflected honor upon the judiciary of our country, and is one of the
ablest of the many learned men who have graced the Supreme Bench
ol our State with their presence.

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CHARLES TAYLOR SHERMAN.

The Sherman family was among the earliest settlers in Massachu-
setts and Connecticut. They and their descendants were men of
note in their respective Colonies, of strong, practical minds, pure and
lofly in moral tone and character.

They were early actors in the settlement and development of
Ohio. Taylor Sherman, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch,
was a judge of one of the Superior Courts of Connecticut, and was one
of the trustees of the Fire Land Company, to whom was granted, by
the State of Connecticut, the lands now comprised by the counties of
Huron and Erie, in Ohio. As early as ISOO, he was in Ohio, and also
in subsequent years, attending to the surveying and allotting the
hinds to the owners, who sutfered from fire in the excursions of
Arnold and Tryon, in Connecticut, in the Revolutionary war.

His son, Charles R. Sherman, and father of Charles T. Sherman,
emigrated to Ohio in 1810, and settled in Lancaster, Fairfield county,
Ohio. He early became distinguished at the Bar, among the strong
and able lawyers then practicing in Central Ohio. In 1824, he was
elected one of the judges, of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and died in
1830, whilst in the performance of his duties.

Charles T. Sherman, of whose life these notes are made, was born
in Lancaster, February 3, 1813, and is Ohio born and reared. He was
educated and graduated at the Ohio University, in Athens, Ohio, in
1832, and admitted to the Bar in 1835. He settled in Mansfield,
Richland county, and continued in the practice of his profession until
he was appointed judge of the Unitetj States Court for the Northern
District of Ohio, in March, 1807.

He never sought to obtain any public otfice, but rather carefully
avoided it. He always esteemed it fortunate that he resided in a
county and section in which the majority was opposed to him in
political sentiments. He however took a leading part in developing
and forwarding public improvements in his county. Pie contributed
liberally by hi^ labors and inlluence in locating and constructing
through his county the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad,
and the Mansfield Sc Sandusky Railroad. For many years he was a

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i'3f] CLEl'EL.IXl), PAST J X I) PRESEXT:

director in hoth roads, and -fucral solicitor of the Pittsburgh, Fort
Wayne & Chicago Uailroad, and a loading spirit in its management.

He was ?lso appointed by .Mr. Lincoln to .-erve four years as one
of the Government Directors of the Pacific Railroad, and largely
contributed to its success in its early days.

The Bar of Richland county always ranked among the first in
Northern Ohio, Among the oldest members who were in full
practice when Judge Sherman went there, were Jacob Parker, after-
wards Judge of the Common Pleas, Andrew Coffiuberry, one of the
most genial and kind hearted men, and, withal, an excellent lawyer,
John M, 3Iay, who commenced the practice of the law in 1S15. and is
still living, and James Purdy, Orris Parrish of Columbus, William
Stanbery, of Newark, Hosmer and Henry B, Curtis, of Mt. Vernon, and
Edward Avery, of Wooster, afterwards Judge of the Supreme Court,
all practiced in that county. In later days and cotemporaneous with
Judge Sherman, were Thomas W. Bartley, Jacob Brinkerhoof, and
Josiah Scott, all of whom occupied the Bench of the Supreme Court
of Ohio, James Stewart, Judge of the Common Pleas, S. J. Kirkwood,
afterwards Governor of Iowa, and U. S. Senator from that State,
together with R. C. Hurd and Columbus Delano, of Mt. Vernon, and
C. L. Boalt and J. M. Root, of Norwalk.

Judge Sherman ranked with those later and younger members of
the Bar, and enjoyed a ])ractice equal to any, and more lucrative
probably, than any of them. He was quiet and unostentatious in his
profession, and, seemingly, only sought to do his whole duty to his
clients and obtain the good will of his fellow citizens.

A short time after the breaking out of the rebellion, he was
appointed Provost Marshal of some twenty counties in Northern
Ohio, by the War Department, and organized four regiments that
went into the service, and subsequently served on a commission to
settle and adjust claims on the Government arising in the West.

Upon his appointment to the Bench he resigned his position on
the Railroads, with the intention of devoting his whole time to the
duties of his judicial office. For more than two years he has
presided with entire satisfaction to the public and the members of
the Cleveland Bar, proving himself to l.ie a strong, capable, common-
sense, business judge; and by his lialdtual courteous demeanor has
made a host of legal and other friends during his short residence in
this city.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN

RUFUS P. SPALDING.

In a \vork professing to deal with the "representative men" of
Clevehind, it is eminently proper that he who has represented the
interests of Clevehind in Congress for six years with a fidelity
unsurpassed by any of his predecessors in the national councils, and
who won for the district he represented a prominence hitherto not
accorded to it, should find a conspicuous place. The six years-
service of Judge Spalding in Congress as the Representative from
the Eighteenth Ohio District forms a period in the history of the city
of which the citizens, irrespective of party predilections, have reason
to be proud.

Rufus Paine Spalding is a native of Massachusetts, having been
born on the 3rd of May, 1T9S, at West Tisbury, on the island of
Martha's Vineyard. The remote ancestor of the Spaldings was
Edward Spalding, who is recorded as having been "made a Freeman"
at Braintree, Massachusetts, in 1640. Edward Spalding's son Benja-
min emigrated from Massachusetts to Connecticut about hfteen years
after that date, and settled in Plainfield, Windham county. The
great grandson of Benjamin Spalding, and the father of Rufus Paine
Spalding, Dr. Rufus Spalding, had in 1T9S, been for some time a
resident of West Tisbury, where he practiced medicine.

When his son was fourteen years old Dr. Spalding removed to
Connecticut and resided in Norwich. Rufus P. Spalding, having
been prepared for college, entered Yale at the proper time, and
graduated in ISIT. with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The class in
which he graduated contained names that afterwards acquired lustre
in judicial, legislative, and ecclesiastical circles.

From the first Mr. Spalding's tendency was towards the legal
profession, and immediately on leaving college he prepared himself
by study for the practice of the law. lie was fortunate in the choice
of an instructor, having entered the otlice of the Hon. Zephaniah
Swift, Chief Justice of Connecticut, who is known to the profession
as the learned author of the " Digest.-' He profited so well by the
instructions he received, that, on his leaving the otiice. Judge Swifr
complimented him highly on his proficiency, and predicted for the
young lawyer a successful career, if he remained true to his profession.

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'Jilt III iit')'

238 CLEIEIAXD, PAST A\D PRESENT:

•s

On completing his torin of roadinir law, and being admitted to the
Bar, he left New England to pu-h his fortune in the West, and in
December, ISIO, readied the old '' Post of Arkansas,'' removing soon
after to Little Rock, wliere he init out his sliingle as a lawyer, in
partnership with Samuel Dinsman, who has since reached the guber-
natorial chair of New Hampshire. Plere he remained about a year
and a half, when he turned his face eastward, and in passing through
Ohio, stopped at Warren, the county town of Trumbull county. Here
he was induced to remain, the chances of practice being represented
as good, and his profound knowledge of law, ability in making that
knowledge serviceable, and unwearied industry, enabled him to soon
build up an extensive legal connection, which he retained and
increased during his sixteen years stay in Warren.

From Warren he removed to Ravenna, in the adjoining county of
Portage, He had not long been in the county before the people
recognized the abilities and power of Mr. Spalding, and he was
chosen to represent that county in the State legislature. The contest
for the position was sharp, for Mr. Spalding was a new man in the
county, and it was considered by many proper that older residents
should represent so important a constituency. But the recognized
ability of Mr. Spalding outweighed all objections on the ground of
recent residency, and he was elected b}' a majority of one.

During his term in the legislature, and mainly through his efforts,
the county of Summit was erected, and Mr. Spalding at once became
a resident of the new county by removing his place of residence to
Akron. At the next election he offered himself as a representative
of Summit in the legislature, and was accepted. On the organization
of the House of Representatives he was chosen speaker, and won the
approbation of the whole body by the ability and impartiality with
which he presided over the proceedings. During this term of ofUce
the question of repudiating the State debt was broached. Mr.
Spalding took strong ground against such a course, holding it not
only disgraceful but suicidal In this he was supported by the late
John Brough, then Auditor of State, and largely through the bold
and persistent opposition of these gentlemen tiie scheme was
dropped.

In the legislative session of 1S4S-9, the two houses of the General
Assembly united in electing "Sir. Spalding a jud-e of the Supreme
Court of the State for the constitutional term of -^even years. But
when four years of the term remained unexpired, tiie operation of the
new constitution ended the pending terms of all oilices, and devolved

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ITS REPRESENTATIFE MEX. 239

tlio clortioii of Sui>renie Court judges upon the people instead of on
tlic (;, lu-ral Assembly. Judge Spalding declined Leing a candidate
for the (,ni<'(* in a popular canvass, and so the advantages of his ripe
lo;.';iI and judicial knowledge was lost to the Bench of the State.
Concurrent testimony shows that no decisions were held in greater
respc.t hy tlie lawyers and the public, for their uprightness and
justi«-(\ wi)ilst to the legal fraternity in particular, they commcndeil
thorn-elves by their logical force, and terse, clear, emphatic style and
precision of expression that rendered them models of judicial litera-
ture. His judicial opinions are contained in volumes IS, 19 and -20 of
the Ohio Reports.

On liis retirement from the Bench of the State, Judge Spalding
returned to the practice of the law with renewed ardor. Cleveland,
presenting a wider field for the exercise of his abilities, he removed
to that city and at once took front rank among the many able mem-
bers of the profession. His profound knowledge of the law, power as
a debater, and his ability of creating a strong impression on both
courts and juries, built up for him an extensive and lucrative practice.
When he spoke he carried conviction, it being all but impossible to
resist the solid array of arguments and terse, incisive style. Tlie
same characteristics that made him afterwards so powerful in
Congress had great effect on the most intelligent juries, and
exercised a marked intluence on the judges engaged in trying the
causes in which he was interested as advocate.

Although the law claimed his first attention, and was his choice.
Judge Spalding was no indiflerent spectator of the course of politics.
He had been trained a Democrat, and was a powerful worker in that
party. But all his convictions were on the side of justice and free-
dom, and when, in 1S50, the Fugitive Slave Law wedded Democracy
to slavery, Judge Spalding, in common with thousands of others,
broke through the party traces, and joined the ''Free Soil" party,
opposed to the extention of slavery. At the Free Soil convention of
1852, he was an active and prominent delegate, and on his nomination.
John P. Hale w^as made the candidate for the Presidency.

On the formation of the Republican party, pledged to the restric-
tion of the slave power. Judge Spalding took an active part in
carrying out the principles of that organization. He was a member
of the Pittsburgh Convention of 1^50, at which the party was organ-
ized, and was a delegate at large for the Srate of Ohio at the Phila-
delphia Convention that nominated John C. Fremont. From tliat
time he labored earnestly for the success of Republican principles,

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240 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

and the good ellect of his elTorts were frequently acknowledged by
the party.

In October, 1S02, he was chosen to succeed Mr. Riddle as Repre-
sentative of the Eighteenth Congressional District in Congress. The
wisdom of the choice was almost immediately made manifest. Judge
Spalding had not long occupied his seat in tlie House of Representa-
tives before "the member from the Cleveland District" became
noticed for the interest he took in questions of importance, the
soundness of his views, and the ability with which they were urged.
He took part in all tlie leading debates, and with such effect that he
commanded the attention of the House whenever he spoke, and the
leaders listened respectfully to his suggestions. He was appointed a
member of the Standing Committee on Naval AtFairs, and of the
Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and on the formation of a
Select Committee on the Bankrupt Law, he was made its Chairman.
In committee he was noticeable for his punctuality, patient and con-
scientious attention to the drudgery of committee work, and the
system with which he was enabled to despatch large amounts of it
satisfactorily.

In 1861, he was re-elected to his seat, and in that term was made a
member of the Standing Committee on Appropriations, and retained
his former position on the Committee on Bankruptcy, the chairman-
ship of which was held by Mr. Jenckes. In this Congress Judge
Spalding took a leading part in the important debates on tiie subject
of Reconstruction, and impressed his iniluence on the legislation upon
this matter. In the early days of the session he made a speech, in
which he indicated the measures he regarded l)est adapted for the
for the purpose of properly reconstructing the rebel States. The
speech attracted great attention, both within and without Congress,
and the suggestions therein contained were for the most part subse-
quently adopted, and worked into thf^ Reconstruction Laws. The
military features of Reconstruction, whiSii formed an integral part of
the legislation, originated in an amendment proposed by Judge
Spalding, when the first Reconstruction Bill of Tliaddeus Stevens was
presented.

In 1800, lie was again re-elected to Congress, his national services,
as well as his fidelity to the local interests of his constituents, having
secured for him that distinguished compliment. In this Congress he
continued to occupy a prominent position, and was recognized as one
of the leading men on the Republican side, tiiough not so thoroughly
partizan as to accept all the^raeasures proposed in the name of tlie

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE ME\. -j ||

Republican party. He differed occasionally with the doiiuMaiit «rc-
tion of the party, when he believed their zeal outran discretion and
sound policy, and the judgment of the country has in mo.-t ca-* k
pronounced him to have acted rightly. In this Congress ho scrviMj on
the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on the Revi^^jon f)t
the Laws of the United States, and upon the Joint Committee on i lie-
Library of Congress. In the debates on the financial questions tiiat
enlisted the attention of Congress at this session he took a leudin:.'
part, and in May, 1868, he delivered a speech on "The Rolitieal and
Financial condition of the Country," which took strong ground
against the unconstitutionality of the Legal Tenders, whilst approving;
the passage of the Legal Tender Act as a measure of military neces-
sity at the time. With this Congress Judge Spalding's legislative
career closed. The duties of the position, always faithfully performed
by him, were growing too onerous, and at his time of life, though still
full of activity and healthy vigor, it was urged that he should enjoy
more ease than was possibly consistent with his idea of a proper
fulfillment of the trust of member of Congress. He therefore wrote
a letter to his constitutents several months before the period of
nomination, positively declining a re-nomination, and withdrawing
from public life.

The determination of Judge Spalding to withdraw from active
political life was a matter of surprise and regret to his colleagues in
Congress, who had learned to value his sound judgment, ripe scholar-
ship, earnest patriotism, and great legislative ability. It was a posi-
tive loss to the people of the Eighteenth Ohio District, for never had
the interests of that district been better cared for. To Cleveland,
especially, he proved in reality a representative member. The wishes
of his constituents were promptly attended to, their interests carefully
guarded, and no stone left unturned in the endeavor to benefit the
city and its people. In the Congressional session and out of it, he
was ever on the watch for opportunities to advance the interests of
his constituents, and in complying with the daily requests for advice
and assistance, he did so, not grudgingly or reluctantly, but with
earnestness and hearty goodwill, as if it were a matter of his ovvn
personal concern. The withdrawal of Judge Spalding from public
political life, was a loss to the national councils in which he had
achieved distinction, but was a still greater loss to the constituency
he represented.

Judge Spalding has returned to tiie legal profession, of which he
ranks among the brightest lights, and tinds in its practice, and in the

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242 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT :

quiet enjoyment of social and doincstic l)fe, a satislaction which his
public career, brilliant as it was, failed to ^nve. In his seventy-second
year, ho is yet in the full enjoyment of all his faculties, physical and
mental, and is the picture of sound health aiul mental vigor.

Judge Spalding has been married twice. In October, 1S22, he was
married to Lucretia A. Swift, oldest daughter of his preceptor in
legal studies. Seven children were born of this marriage, of whom
but three yet live : Col. Zeph. S. Spalding, United States Consul at
Honolulu, Brevet Captain George S. Spalding, First Lieutenant 33d
U. S. Infantry, and Mrs. Lucretia Mcllrath, wife of Charles Mdlrath,
of St. Paul, Minnesota. In January, 1S59, Judge Spalding was mar-
ried to his present wife, oldest daughter of Dr. William S. Piersor, of
Windsor, Connecticut.

W. S. C. OTIS.

W. S. C. Otis was born in Cummington, Hampshire county, Massa*
chusetts, August 24th, ISOS. His father was a farmer in narrow^ cir-
cumstances, who, owing to the loss of property, was able to bestow
upon his children only such an education as could be obtained in the
district schools of a purely agricultural district. Books were scarce,
and as poor in quality as meagre in quantity ; but being a lad with
literary tastes, a desire for information, and an omnivorous appetite
for reading, every book that fell in the way of young Otis was
eagerly seized and its contents ravenously devoured. The life of a
poor farmer, with its ceaseless drudgery and petty needs, was dis-
tasteful to the lad, and he was anxious to obtain a collegiate educa-
tion, and thus become fitted to fight the battle of life with brain
instead of muscle. His ambition was not discouraged by his father,
but there was a great difficulty in the way of its gratification— the
want of money. Mr. Otis was utterly unable to give his son any
pecuniary assistance, though ready to resign his claim on his son's
time ; an important sacrifice when the demands of a large family and
the straitness of his means are taken into consideration. Applica-
tion was made for admission to West Point Military Academy, but

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 24.'^

nnfortunatrly a Congressman's son was also a candidate for the ap-
finififrn«Mit, and of course the friendless son of a poor stru^'frling
f.iTuuT h:i 1 to ii;o to the wall. This was a heavy blow and sore
t!isco!ir;ii:< riient.

\Vh»Mj fho subject of this sketch was about seventeen or eiirhtcen
vcar-^ ohl hi> father emigrated to Ohio, leaving his son behind with
only forty dolhirs in money, who, after making arrangements with his
brotlH-r, W. A. Otis, to furnish him such pecuniary aid as he might
no«-d, ]>roceeded to lit himself for college under the Rev. Roswell
liawksJ, of Cummington, devoting only one year to preparation, and
entered Williams College in the Fall of 1S26. In order to lighten
the burden upon his brother, he taught school two Winters during
his coUe^ze course, and graduated in the autumn of 1830, among the
best scholars of the class.

Before graduating, he was appointed principal of Gates' Academy,
in Marlborough, ^Massachusetts, and entered upon the duties of the
ain)ointment; but at the expiration of the year he followed the rest
of the family to Ohio, and in the month of September, 1S31, com-
menced reading law with Whittlesey & Newton, of Canlield, Ohio.
In September, 1S33, he was admitted to the Bar, and immediately
commenced the practice of the law in Ravenna, Portage county,
where he continued to resid? till 1840.

In June. 1S40, after the county of Summit was organized, Mr. Otis
moved to Akron, where he resided and continued to practice his pro-
fession until January, ISSi. While a resident of Summit county he
was elected Prosecuting Attorney of the county for two years. He
also filled the position of president of the Akron Bank, from its
organization, till January, 1854, and was a member of the Board of
Control of the State .Bank of Ohio, and member of the Convention
which formed the present Constitution of the State of Ohio. While
a member of the Convention he devised and reported to that body
the scheme for the apportionment of the members of the Ilouse of
Representatives, which, with slight modifications, was adopted into
the Constitution, and is now the system in this State. While a mem-
ber of the Constitutional Convention, he acquired a distaste ibr
political life, and resolved to abandon it, a resolution to which he
has since constantly adhered.

In January, 1854, Mr. Otis was elected vice-president of the Cleve-
land and Pittsburgh Railroad Company, and in order to better per-
form the duties of the position, he removed to Cleveland, taking
charge of the operations of the road and the finances of the Company,

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244 CLEVELASD, PAST AND PRESENT:

In the Winter of 1S54 and ]S5r>, he was tendered the presidency of
the Bellefontaine and Jiidiana Kailroad Company, but declined, and
in the Spring of 1S55, rosmned the practice of his profession. Soon
afterwards he was elected tlie Solicitor of the Cleveland and Pitts-
burgh Railroad Company, and continued to act as such until he
resigned the position in May, 1S69, and since that time he has con-
fined himself strictl}' to the practice of law.

As a lawyer ]\Ir. Otis ranks high in his profession, having a very
extensive knowledge of the law in all its ramifications, and a readiness
in the application of his knowledge that enables him to balHe and
confound his opponents without descending to mere pettifogging.

For many years he has been a member eitlier of the Congregational
or Presbyterian churches in the places in which he has resided ; and
has always taken great pleasure in studying the Bible, and great
satisfaction in teaching it to others, hence the secret of the spotless
morality and unswerving integrity he has maintained through life.

Mr. Otis was married in January, 1S36, to Hannah, daughter of the
late C. Mygatt, and sister of George Mygatt, of Cleveland. She died
without issue in x\pril, 1840. In November, 1842, he was married to
Laura L., daughter of the late Judge Lyman, of llavenna.

FRAiNKLIN J. DICKMAN.

Franklin J. Dickman is a native of Petersburg, Virginia, where his
parents have long resided. At the age of sixteen he entered the
Junior class of Brown University, at Providence, Rhode Island, and
at the age of eighteen graduated with the salutatory honors of his
class. In the same class were the Hon. S. S. Cox, Lieutenant Gover-
nor Francis Wayland, of Connecticut, and the Rev. James C, Fletcher,
now so well known for his travels in Brazil.

On leaving college Mr. Dickman studied law in the office of the
late Charles F. Tillinghest and ex-Chief Justice Bradley, at Provi-
dence, and after completing his studies he commenced the practice
of his profession in the same city, continuing with success until he
removed to Cleveland.

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KAioaia .1 M

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 245

His entry on public life was early. In 1857, the Democracy of
Rhode Island selected him as their candidate for xVttorney (i*'neral
of tiie State and it is a noticeable fact that although running on I lie
Democratic ticket, he received almost the entire colored vote of liie
State. In 185S, he was appointed a member of the Board of A'i<iiors
to the ^lilitary Academy at West Point, and was chosen Secretary of
the Board. In that capacity he drew up the report of the Board for
that year, which was subsequently published by order of the Secre-
tary of AV'ar.

In December, 1S5S, he removed to Cleveland, rightly considering
that its growth and prosperity, and the important cases continually
arising out of its commercial business, rendered it a good field for a
man of knowledge and of energy to put that knowledge to account.
He entered on the practice of his profession with zeal, and speedily
reaped his reward in a large business.

Up to the breaking out of the war Mr. Dickman had acted with
the Democratic party, but when treason culminated with rebellion,
he joined those of his political associates who disregarded party
lines and united with the Republicans in forming the Union party.
Although fitted for college with Roger A. Pry or, of Petersburg, and
though his parents remained in Petersburg during the war, Mr.
Dickman took strong ground against the rebellion and all who gave
it encouragement.

. In 1861, he was nominated for member of the State Legislature
from this city, and was elected by a large majority. In that body he
was made chairman of the Committee on Railroads and also placed
on the Judiciary Committee. In the latter capacity the subject of
military arrests came under his notice, and his speech on that subject
was considered so able and exhaustive an exposition of that subject
that it was published at the request of the Judiciary Committee and
widely circulated through the State.

At the close of his legislative term he formed a law partnership
with Judge Spalding, which still continues, and re-entered assidu-
ously on the duties of his profession, devoting most of his attention
to admiraiity, marine insurance, and patent cases. In these he has
been very successful.

In 1867, President Johnson appointed Mr. Dickman United States
District Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio. The appoint-
ment was received with satisfaction by all shades of political
opinions, and Mr. Dickman continued to perform its duties to the
approbation of all having business with the court until early in 1869,

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246 CLEVELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

when he resigned the position in order to confine himself more
closely to his private i)raclii.'e. It is admitted on all sides that the
duties of his office were faitlilully and ahly performed. Of the great
number of crinunal cases l)r()iight before the court by him only two
escaped conviction, thus evidencing the merit, care and attention
given to the getting up of the cases for trial. Such uniformity in
securing conviction is very unusual.

Mr. Dickman is a gentleman of fine literary tastes, extensive
reading, and rare classical attainments. The relaxation from his
legal duties is found mainly in his library among the highest class of
authors His frequent orations for the literary societies of Brown
University and the University of Michigan, and other occasions, have
been marked by scholarly finish and have always been received with
approval. During the existence of the Knickerbocker Magazine,
before its decadence, he contributed to its pages a series of valuable
articles on " Butler's Horae Juridical,"" and on " The Revolution of
1688."

Cherishing a high ideal of professional attainments and ability,
Mr. Dickman has realized it to a degree remarkable for a young man.
With ample acquirements he has clear conceptions, and broad views
of the principles of legal science, frequenth" never attained by older
lawyers, even after a large and life-long practice. His habits of
study are wisely methodized, so as to husband time, and make his
efforts tell without waste upon results. ♦

A very marked feature also in his character, is a rigorous but
highly intelligent economy. Upon a limited practice in Ehode
Island, before coming to Cleveland, he not only sustained himself,
but accumulated a considerable sum as a basis upon which he could
rely with honorable independence in a new field. This was done in
circumstances in which multitudes of young men at this day, would
by self-indulgence and lavish outlay, have become embarrassed by
debt.

The example of a wise economy in one familiar with the first
social surroundings — an economy supplying moans for a rich and
broad literary culture, under the guidance of liberal tastes, yet rigid
as to self-control — but ever avoiding parsimony, is far too rare among
young men in this lavish and wasteful age. The young man who
shows what enlightened self-control, what high probity and fidelity
to the details of little wants and expenditures can do to lift a man
high above debt, to thrift and self-reliance, is a valuable citizen,
exerting an influence as wholesome as it is wise, manly, and rare.

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ITS- REPRESENTATIVE MEN. iMT

Mr. Dickinan. in his mental growth, aims at the solid, rather tiian
the niorelv sensational ; the lasting, rather than the transient. Ciilted
naturallv with vigorous and admirably balanced powers, the rigiit
use of wliirli lias enriched him already with ample mental I'uriiiture,
and with habits the most exemplary, and a high character, e^taljli>hed
upon an intelligent religions basis, the future to him is full of promise
of the most honorable achievements.

In 1S62, ^[r. Dickman was married to Miss Annie E. Niel, daughter
of Robert Neil, of Columbus, Ohio, and has two children living.

JAMES M. JONES.

The subject of this sketch is the third son of Thomas and Mary
Ann Jones, who emigrated from England to the United States, and
settled in Cleveland in the Spring of 1831, where they still reside.
They were the parents of nine sons and four daughters, all of whom,
save one son and one daughter, are still living.

. James Milton Jones enjoyed only such moderate advantages in
the way of education as were afforded by the common and high
schools of the day, and by the classical and English school of the
late lamented and most accomplished educator, H. D. Beattie, A. M. ;
but his memory was good, he was a close student, and he therefore
readily and easily familiarized himself with the studies in wliich he
eno-aged. He early manifested unusual taste and fondness for com-
position, and his inclination and talent in that direction were much
cultivated and improved by assiduous study of the best standard
works in prose and poetry.

On leaving school he became interested as a partner in the marble
manufactory of T. Jones Oc Sons, and acquired a practical knowledge
of the business, but never applied himself very closely to its duties.

He joined various literary and forensic societies about the year
1850, composed of some of the best literary and professional talent
among the young men of the city, where essays, poems, and discus-
sions on all topics of the day were embraced in the order of exercises;
and he soon became marked for his thorough preparation of and

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248 CLEVElAXn, FAST ASD PRESENT:

familiarity with the siil.jccts of dcbato, and re-arded as a speaker of
more tlian ordinary ])rriinise.

He became a fro<iii(Mit c-ontribntor, (but never in his own name,)
in prose and poetry, to the literary, as well as the daily papers of the
"day, and especially to tlie daily Plain Dealer, of which the late J. W.
Gnu-, Esq., was then the accomplished and witty editor, and by whom
Mr/jones was much encoura-e.l, and his contributions frequently
commended. xVs specimens of his poetic contributions, we give the
follow^ing. It should be noted that with his entry on the actual duties
of professional life, Mr. Jones bade a final adieu to the muses :

WOODLAND REVERIES.

In this deep shady dell,
Where the soft breezes swell,

And beautiful wood-sprites by pearly streams wander-
Where the sweet perfume breathes,
O'er angel twined wreaths.

Luxuriantly blooming the mossy trees under—
Here, beneath the bright vine
VMiose leaves intertwine,

I'm dreaming of thee, my lost Angelina!

Oh ! I think of the time —

Of the warm spring time.
When with thee I've wandered, and with thee I've dallied;

E're my soul had once dreamed

That the roses which seemed
So fadeless, could leave thy warm cheek cold and pallid.

Or thy dear form decline,

From its radiance divine.
To press the cold grave sod, my own Angeline!

While the pale starlight laves,

With its shadowy waves,
A brow, that with memory's anguish is throbbing ;

Each quivering leaf.

Seems trembling with grief, •
That's borne on the zephyr's low sorrowful sobbiag.

For that dear form of thine.

So oft pressed to mine.
My angel-claimed lost one, my own Angeline!

As the stream leaps along.
And I list to its song.
It sounds like the surging of sorrow's dark river ;

lo i3:isi^''

'iiot

— T*fano «i09it Y«^iom .:. , . , .uxnd

.fe'5vjal Jii>jihfi^8 s-'iiq sift sfijiV/
; jiniu'd'.ijJj si daivixnti n'yir. - - id A

.f}(\'(d' )o imTr?3; "!*':»?< -.ifiifif .•So'9 --....■

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 249

Wheu o'er my young bride.

Passed its dark rolling tide,
And bore her away from my bosom forever:

Yes ; bore thee to shine

In regions divine,
Reeplendently lovely, and pure, Angeline !

And tMre, as I gaze

On its bright sparkling face,
Where pearly white ripples are merrily gleaming,

Reflecting each star

That shines from afar,
The face of my lost one seems tenderly beaming ;

Yes ! there beside mine,

Are thy features benign,
By memory mirrored, my own Angeline !

As I gently recline,

'Neath the clustering vine.
The veil from futurity's vista is lifted.

And adown life's wild tide,

I rapidly glide.
And into eternity's ocean am drifted ;

And there, soul of mine

In regions divine,
I meet thee, to part nevermore, Angeline !

A WRECK! A WRECK! "MAN THE LIFE BOAT.

The blackness of midnight hung over the ocean,
And savagely, shrilly, the Storm Spirit screamed

Athwart the dark billows, which wild in commotion,
Sablimely, yet awfully, .heavenward streamed.

A bark that but rode from her moorings at morning,
'Neath bright sunny skies, and prosperous gales.

With streamlet and banner, in beauty adorning
Her tapering masts and snowy white sails,

Now rolls in the trough of the tempest-plowed surges !

A wreck ! madly urged to a rocky bound shore ;
Where from the dark jaws of wild ocean emerges,

To fear-stricken hearts its ominous roar. .

Her sails are in ribbons, her banners in tatters!

Her masts are atioat from the i^erilous wreck.
And now o'er the billows the Tempest-Fiend scatters

With one mighty effort her hurricane deck]

; b».i1thfe tas 0fl'- 'x bflA

(9 It i IB lo

.e" . '.A

TAoa 3''ii-j airr t^am" laoaaT/ a 'HoaHW a

fc.-.- .-- ,. _, .. ...... ... ■ ■ ■■-' ■■ -'■

,S£f

250 CLEVELAM), P. I ST AM) PRESENT:

The voicf of the rlari>!i toiic-il ca;)tnin is rinj^iug,
Above thf linur>ic niurinuriiij; roar of the sur^e ,

And an eohoinji: voict*. ficcmH tipulclimlly tiin^fing,
Far bark o'er the waves, for the ves-st-l, a dirge.

And now tli.- doomed ve^!S(■l is beating and crashing,
With violence on tlie dark, rough, rugged rocks;

And the teuipest-tosj-ed surge, while resistlesslv dashing
Around her, each effort to save her but mocks.

The lightnings play luridly, fiercely above her,
Illuming with horror the wind-chnen waves!

Displaying the wreck, as their tlashes discover.
The victims desi)airingly gaze on their graves.

For forked and furious, the fiery flung tlashes.
Gleam o'er the sad wreck like a funeral pyre ;

And louder and louder each thunder ciap crashes!
The air in a roar I the billows on fire !

The heart-anguished cries o'er the pitiless waters,
Are borne on the blast of the thunder-rocked air.

As husbands and wives, as sons and as daughters ;
Unite in a wild shrieking wail of despair.

But now from the moss covered fisherman's dwelling,
The Life-Boat is manned by the chivalrous brave !

Though the wild howling storm of the tempest is swelling,
They'll peril their own lives, the wrecked ones to save.

And now to the merciless surges they launch her.
And back she is flung to the white-pebbled beach!

Now cleaves the wild surf, for never a stauncher.
Or braver crew mounted a deadlier breach.

Now swift o'er the waves madly bounding and dashing !

The nobly manned life boat speeds on her lone way.
hovf sinks she below, the waves o'er her splashing.

Now cleaves like arrow, the white foaming si)ray.

And now for a moment she's hid from our vision.

As darkness, and thick gloom eashnnid her frail form ;
A flash! and we see that the life-saving mission,
• Stiil skims o'er the waves like a Bird of the Storm.

Hurrah ! they have triumphed ! the wrecked ones no longer
Resignedly list to the ocean's hoarse roar ;
. But now with strong arms, that bright Hope has made stronger
They poll with a hearty good-will for the shore.

■0'

««

.B'fifaall Uriqft yisfl fttlt .miiohol i>o« i>»;(vi! -jo"?

'?■ ■ .jA

1 9in a( ai lis oilT

' - :A

, v.^lO 'J-:>..,: .;...■.- -■ ' " . " ' '7'

.o»03 oJ «;»nfj liyjf'.'nv/ ■i,i.'. .tjvii. u«K. iirriJj in-.«^ iiv^iiX

."''• . -jilj OJ woo bah.

' i{:>/i>'j;- . ,( fj,);- -'■ ' ' ".*

.... .. ........ .,. , ,«r

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 251

lliirralil and Hurrah! on the whirlwind's cornmotiou,

And tlic howl of the storm, uprose cheers from the land ;

Frmn hearts throbbing wildly with grateful emotion,
As safely she reaches the surf-beaten strand.

THE J^RONAUT'S SOXQ.

Up! up! from the ground, for the chords that bound

Us to earth are rent in twain ;
And our Aerial boat shall gracefully float,

Far, far, o'er the sea and main.

O'er the forest trees, on the rippling breeze,

We'll proudly soar away :
And higher and higher, will still aspire.

Toward realms of endless day.

To regions on high, like an arrow we fly,

Through limitless fields of air ;
And away apace, through trackless space,

The giddiest flight we dare.

Earth's brilliance fades, and her everglades

Assumes a softer hue;
Her hills and dales, her lake gemmed vales

Are glorious to the view.

Meandering round enchanted ground.

Earth's crystal rivers seem ;
So far below to brightly flow,

Like liquid silver's stream.

Her cloud capped hills o'er rocks and rills,

That proudly seem to stand.
Now fade like gleams in passing dreams

Of lovely fairy land.

Yet on we mount to the drainh-ss fount,

Of wild tempestuous storms :
And our fairy shrouds now kiss the clouds ;

In all their varied forms.

Proud man, who at birth was king of the eaxth.

Soon made himself lord of the sea ;
And now we arise to empyrean skies,

For kings of the airfare we.

,'(!t 9W v/or;.'? -■ -fi'1 .''vJ<^ ^^ '^ri'

oT

.9'!

• ,hu! 4 ; - . , . , .,1

253 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Grim centuries old to the past have rolled,

Since the stars from chaos woke;
Yet no earth-born sound hath tliis deep, profound

And solemn silence broke.

The hijrhest note of the lark ne'er floats

To this region of sunless cloud ;
Nor hath eaj^le bird the silence stir'd,

With his screaming, shrill and loud.

Yet our joyous song, as we sweep along

In pathless realms alioat,
Rings on the air and trembles there,

From out our fairy boat.

On eddying waves a thousand caves,

Where Aerial spirits throng.
Repeat each tone as though they'd known

Our unfamiliar song.

O'er billowy seas with fresh'ning breeze,

'Tis glorious oft to roam;
And joy to mark a graceful bark.

Divide the salt sea foam :

And joy to wake at morning break.

When huntsman's bugle sounds.
And gaily lead on fiery stetd.

In chase of deer and hounds.

But moonlight sail with fresh'ning gale,

Or merry chase afar,
Can ne'er compare with flight through air,

In our Aerial Car.

Early in 1S53, Mr. Gray, who was also then postmaster, offered h;m
a position in the Cleveland post-office, which he accepted, and entered
upon its duties; but at the end of two months, being dissatisfied with
the dull routine and monotony of such an occupation, he threw up
his position; and having, on the very day he left the post-office, de-
cided to adopt the legal profession, before night he had secured a
position in the law office of Charles Stetson, Esq., then in large and
active practice, and had entered upon the study of the law, where he
coninued for over a year and a half, pursuing his studies with assidu-
ity and success. He then entered the law office of Hon. William

.ahauod bim 1 . ■ ■ • .ij . ■.*
r.n ;i bsTjlio ,t'3.T<;7iini<oq n^fl.? of.l/i sntr orfw jYC-:

ft fy'JTili ... . ....._,

S.rf 91611/,' .

.;,].. ...

m^ir.

V\

X.

'Jt!^

%

\

■r^:

v^

^ X»^-.:

K^

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 253

Collins iin.l j.ursued his studies with him until June, 1855, when ho
was ailrnittiMl to the Bar by the District Court in Delaware, Delaware
county, Ohio.

Shortly after his admission to the Bar, he was retained as leading
counsel lor the defence in the famous "Towmsend McHenry'' extradi-
tion case, a proceeding pending before U. S. Commissioner Grannis,
on tjjo charge that the prisoner, who claimed to be Robert McHenry,
was no other than the notorious William Townsend, a well known,
desperate Canadian highway robber and murderer ; and in this
Mr. Jones attracted attention by the skill with which he managed
it. Indeed, it became necessary to send to Canada for several
successive lots of witnesses, before they could make a case. The
prisoner was, however, taken to Canada and put upon his trial for
murder as William Townsend, the sole question on the trial being
one of identity ; and a more extraordinary trial in that respect cannot
be found in history. And although on the trial about one hundred
witnesses testified to his being the veritable William Townsend, he
was, nevertheless, able to produce a still larger number of equally
credible witnesses to testify that they knew Townsend, and this was
not the man, and also such an array of circumstances as satisfied
the jury he w"as not the man, and he was acquitted !

Mr. Jones was nominated by the Republican party of Cleveland as
judge of the City Court, in lS57,butin common with the entire ticket,
was defeated. He was an early adherent of the old Liberty party, and
a warm advocate on the stump and elsewhere, of the election of John
C. Fremont to the Presidency, and a firm supporter of Lincoln's
administration.

He was appointed Attorney for the Western Union Telegraph Com-
pany, one of the largest corporations in the LTnited States, in the
year 1865, and has ever since continued, as such attorney, to have
charge and supervision of a large and peculiar legal business for the
company, extending over the various States and Territories embraced
in what is known as the Central Division of the territory covered by
its lines. He has made telegraph law a speciality for several years,
and has probably had as large and extended experience in that com-
paratively ne^v and peculiar branch of the law as 2a\j other attorney
in the country.

He was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the countj^ of Cuyahoga,
in the Fall of 1867, and was distinguished during his term for the zeal,
fidelity, and ability with which he discharged his official duties. It
fell to his lot to prosecute many important and difficult criminal

osiii.o X: fttiUra sJoI e .

ui eno JuodiJ i

k'iiiO-jixid "to lerioqqiJr. una fc i>iifi ,?pa9r>ij;eri siii oj
,i;>!'vl't\' I-' ' i'- run;*'''.' ■:'■'' 'J^'i ■-"^'■?'?o-' » f ':r';;>'-i-;r,';T<T ^

254 CLEVblLASD, PAST ASD PRESENT:

cases; prominent amona; them was the trial of Sarah M. Victor, for
the murder, by poison, of lior brother, William Taniuette. The case
was peculiar and remarkable; the murdered man had lain in his
grave a whole year before sus[)i('ions wore aroused that his death was
caused by foul play; slight circumstances directed attention to suspi-
cious appearances in the case, which a quiet investigation did not
diminish. The prosecutor, therefore, caused the body to be secretly
disinterred, and engaged J. L. Cassells, an accomplished chemist, to
subject the body to a chemical analysis, which on being done, arsenic
in sufficient quantity to produce death was found in the stomach and
other internal organs. Her arrest for murder, therefore, immediately
took place. The circumstances of the case were well calculated to
arouse an intense interest in the public mind as to the result of the
trial. The facts that the alleged poisoner was a woman, that the
murdered man was her own brother, that her own sister was supposed
to be an important witness against her, that the murder, if murder
it was, was in the highest degree cruel, mercenary, and devilish,
that at the time of her arrest she was prominently connected with
religious and benevolent institutions of the city, though it was well
known she had previously led an irregular life, and the profound
secrecy in which the dark deed had slumbered for a whole year, all
seemed to concur in riveting public attention upon it ; and yet,
previous to the trial, the belief was prevalent in the community
generally, as well as among the members of the Bar, that however
guilty the prisoner might be, she would not be convicted. In this
belief the prosecutor did not share, but at once went to work with
his accustomed energy to unravel the evidences of the great crime ;
and for many weeks, with an energy that never flagged, himself and
his assistant, H. B. DeWolf, Esq., patiently and persistently explored
the dark secrets of her life, examined hundreds of witnesses, and
inextricably wound the coils of evidence around her.

The case, which was tried in the 3Iay term of the Court of Common
Pleas, 1SG8, lasted fourteen days, was fully reported phonographi-
cally, and made about twenty-seven hundred pages of testimony,
which was pronounced, when closed on the part of I he State, '"a
marvelous net-work of circumstantial evidence."'

The case was closed by Mr. Jones in an able and conclusive speech
of six hours in length. The prisoner was convicted l)y the jury after
but a brief deliberation, and she was sentenced to be hanged, but
her sentence was afterward commuted to imprisonment for life. In
numerous other important and warmly contested criminal cases

oi beU

9fl3 lo frn< taolovi^n^xi ban 8v

■ t ji!if7/ *>t:>ji<,> j« uid ,9'!isj;l3 Jon l>io lo

-■' '

nojunio'Jio j-iiio'j "hij lo cn'ji vul/l edj ni bo'ni

-ii'

.7i: ,, , ,.

t ■'■ .9 J fit?. 3M I \ilt itr,

'iuii Jj^iMir:!! •'..! OJ i>i.')n9t/t-»- A-nv/ '■»[{« hnjs ,n

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN.

L'.).)

!Mr. Joiiefl has been almost uniformly successful, displayin;^ in tliom
all, umcli tact, self-possession, and legal ability.

Mr. Jones was married at Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga county. Ohio
February 8th, ISOO, by the Rev. Luther Lee, to Ermina W., dauichtor
of ilarmon and Leonora Barrows, of the latter place.

Educational.

\}i\f^'.\Tl'AE'SS of Cleveland are justly proud of their Public Schools, and of the
'^'^■.}\? system of education under which they are conducted, but yet the history
of these schools, until within a few years, was one of strug^jle ajrainst parsimony
and prejudice. It was only by persistent efforts on the part of a few public-spirited
citizens, who believed tliat money spent in educating the masses is the best invest-
ment tliat can possibly be made, tliat the Public School system of Cleveland has
attained its present excellence, and the miserable make-shift school buildintrs. in
which the children of the city were taught, have given place to the large, con-
venient and elegant buildings of the present. '

The first public school of Cleveland, the "Cleveland Free School," was estab
lished in March, 1830, " for the education of male and female children of every
religious denomination," and was supported by the city. It was held for years
in the basement of the Bethel church, which was then a frame building, measur-
ing forty by thirty feet, situated at the corner of Diamond street and Superior
street hill. In 1837. the average number of pupils in attendance was nin«-ty
males and forty-six females. There were also the Young Ladies' Seminary, or
the old " Academy," on St. Clair street, presided over by Miss Harrison, and the
Cleveland Female Seminary, in Farmer's Block, corner of Ontario and Prospect
streets, incorporated April, 1837. with Henry Srxton, nenjamin Konse. H. II.
Dodge, A. P. Smith, and A. Wheeler, as trustees. At that date, Ohio City sup-
ported two district and one free schmil. but the atten<lance is not rtniorded.

The storv of the growth of tlie school system of the Sfate and of its local
development in the ciiy of Cleveland is mainly told in ihe biography <>) Mr.
Harvey Kict', on paires fnllowing this, and in the jirecedinir pages which sketch

4 'i J!, I. .1.- ■*■„/ -J'-' * J J -f *

,snafj\ liiSl s: ahhri-r FiJ;ur . .-^

fit ,«cafJtWfw<l iv. . rufii|«

noT .'it'Jiiii! ojM "I BrsiUfq nyiSi '»'>'wi .iifliu-iil ^«''*' vjb i>sh \o a-)\b\hh oJj jfoWw

* .jflossoiq yJj '^o ^SQ*'^'*'"^ iais.-uflh<i baa Jositwv

/I,.", 'h. ;'i'VTMi(Jr> «>ljunef1 iiiT« •tlnm lo rji.-;. . . . "'• ''■•>:'y'\[

ififtA'Hrf .itiiiWJiJ'! 'liirOTli i.< n-n\i »M'» tlr>ij!-w .if.-nnxf.') foxlJ'ifi o/M lo tnoin'jftad oiU^I

■1,!.) hon .af«(T(fili ftMfi/i i'i T''"' l>''i>iw.ti<i .3'>&i3« liitf) JJ^ no ' /(rnobfiaA " .bfo fnii
U .1! o^.rto'cJ ijitnKi.""-'' ./it)tz'>« -nrf.H ' '■ ,!iiq/. Wntno'iV '«

■- |ii'^ 7ti'> ''iflO .-'•■»«•> .U)li' t/^ ,f;^v,Mirt' ■-;-' ./'- U(Sii ,(I.J.({(l" ' ^l

.!r)l)-i.->9-»l iftn Ci ■iii;w;i.ti')Mjj «»4l:i luti Jfutif'^ ficnl aoo f>flii to: >'|

inrvof ^;i 'to Jxui fj.lw''^; •"ft l'' f(iH.!t%VH ii,.»tf'>« •al:, to ji{iv/oiy) miIj \n '^■%ni» f>O.T

258 CLErEI.AM), J'.IST J\J) I'RESEST:

the history of Mr. Cliarl<s Brudliiirn. AH ilmt is iun-ssiry to be given here, is
a brief siinjinary of sonic of tin- Icailiii^' ••vciits \\\ tin.- history of the Cleveland
Public Schools as [jn-pan-d by nii,- wiio tuuk a leu<lin;r pait in their orj^anizatiou
and development.

The Public Schools were or;j:ani/,<'d under the city charter in 1837, and the
control vested in a board of five school managers, elected by the Council. The
chairman of the board was styled the acting manag'T, and was secretary and
Superintendent of rej'airs and of disciplim-. This original arrangement was suc-
ceeded in 1853, by a board of seven members, ap{)ointcd by the Council. In
1854, when Cleveland and Ohio City were united, another change occurrid. One
member of the scliool board from each of the eleven Ward? was chosen by the
Council. In 1850, the number was reduced to five, and finally, in 1850, by
authority of a law of the State, the members of the Board of Education, one
from each Ward, were elected by the people, for the term of one year, which
was extended to two years in 18(52, and so remains to the present time. The
powers of the board were greatly enlarged by a law passed in the Spring of
1869.

Charles Bradburn was the first acting manager, secretary and superintendent,
assisted and encouraged by a few warm friends of education, chief of whom, at
this time, was Geo. Willey. In 1840, Mr. Andrew Freese was employed as prin-
cipal teacher, and soon became actual superintendent, though not formally clothed
with that authority until several years afterwards. In the meantime, school build-
ings were erected on Prospect street, Rockwell street. West St. Clair street and
Kentucky street, (^West Side).

For several years the course of instruction was quite limited, and of low grade.
The school buildings, then supposed to be large and commodious, were soon
crowded with scholars very much mixed, as to standing, and moving forward
amid much confusion. In 1841, the second stories of the Prospect stn-rt and
Rockwell street buildings were converted into grammar schools of a highiT
grade.. The West St. Clair street school wjis the first one arranged for tho
improved grading of primary and secondary schools in separate departments.

In 18.50, tht^ board directed Mr. Free'^e to exercise a general superintendence
over the classification, instruction and discipline in all the grammar and snlxmli
nate schools, but no superintendent was authorized by law, until lS.i3. It was liih
time that some authority should be iiitroduced to correct the abu.ses which hmi
insensibly and unavoidably crept into the discipline and course of instruction, ami
vigorous enforcement of strict rules brought out a fierce opiM.sition from anxious.
but illinformed and partial parents, who felt provoked an.l discouracred by

--F1.I . , . itJ lo Bl ^ - ■■ « "io •

i;>,.i« .uvix ->iio lo ftfi'it ojfj li.^ .•iltjosK} -jjfJ v<i burjffo 'now .f.-reV/ r(

'.liT .'KtiM tii->V4'?tj -afh ril *j!:;;jir»'.n cw bfiu .£01?./ ni eiflo', o"Wt ot

to TX^hqH 'xf.t III h'.sifa} /rflf fi -rd [wTJtnlo'j 'fJiicJlli •l"'''*' '>l«o<f f*;?.! .

■■(■i>.'! : r'm> l-y.>|*:"T*1 ■ "I'J ■{.; H'.i^ivia ft /-!<•' >-;< «*'!} .li-^ri" frl .rjoi«*iiltMv3 /t-j;
■Ill'; rol iy'i>j;.;(|[rnj; '♦(»/> -.i;v/ fooi/-)^ J-^i-rj-jti-

■t.'t't'if,^, i ,'ir. Tiiou(:/i?:, •■»i!: iii! r.i visriKjl-iHsJ/ haB i

ITS REPRESENTAril'E MEX. •_':.'.>

til.- .iiwivry tliat tlu-ir cliildren were in classes far ahead of tlicir lutitji! .|ii:ili
Hc-itii.-ii.*. iin.l luiiPt he put hark to he more thoroupfhly drilled in i,rep:ir:it.i y
*ilni!i<-»:. (inuliiaily confusion crave place to order, scholars were rankfd as luar
n< {-Kulii lit', accordinfT to their actual standing; the parades arranged as rriniary.
S<-.,ivl:irv, Intermediate and (Jrammar departments, the entire course consununated
in I In- I-ijist and West High Schools. But all this was the work of inHnen^e
Ifili-ir. I'xtending through years of ceaseless effort and expense, little anticipated
liv tiie p«'<»ple, or perhaps hy the hopeful projectors of the system, when tliey
*t ninnfully entered upon the undertaking. Twenty-six years ago the entire corps
of lea.-hers numbered only fifteen. In 1848, they had increased to twenty. In
tliat year, children under six years of age were excluded, to the great disgust o.'
many fond mothers who thought the public school the very best place to keep
tlic troublesome young ones out of their way.

t'nder the general school law a portion of the taxes collected was set apart
for the support of the schools, while a special fund for school buildings was
raised, from time to time, by direct taxation, or by loan, and buildings erected
in the different Wards as the city increased in extent.

In 1840, the East High School was opened in the basement of the old Uni-
versalist Church (now the Plymouth Church) on Prospect street, near Erie st\ect.
A strong opposition was made to this advanced step. It was objected to as illegal.
which it actually was, though that was soon remedied ; and as unnece3S:iry and
unreasonable.

It is gratifying to know that many of those strenuous opponents are now
among the warm friends of the High Schools, and justly proud of their success.

Richard Fry, then Principal of the West St Clair school, distinguished hiuiself
by his writings through the press, and his speeches at public meetings, in advi -
eating the claims of the High School, and thus powerfully sustaim.-d its friends
in their unpopular contest. The law authorizing a High School limited the whole
course to two years, and required one year's previous attendance at one of the
grammar schools.

In 1851, a regular course of instruction was adopted, extending to three years,
but still confined to English studies. In 18.")^, the Latin and (J reek languages'
were introduced, and in 1850, the Uernian was added to the full course. Tlie*e
ancient and foreign languages were optional v.ith the students, as well as the
French language, which was introduced some years later.

The first graduated class consisted of ten scholars, eiffht of whom afterwards
became teachers. Indeed, it soon became evident tliat the High School was not
only the lest, but almost the only reliable source of supjilying teai hers for tl.e

M^IT hf.) .-iiU In ,fir.iTT-:rf*«<! Mif) ni h'UV:n\n f-.r- '' /s^^-M -^

vr,.\H -jiiH ifrin ,i',.'nt^ i:vi.[>is->TM fto ri^^'idu' won) ri .

,;•(■/ J ;»•:^'•lv 'iil/i''! In'Ju/wrT lei ■, . • .. ,,.

200 CLEIELASI), PAST AM) rUESEXT:

subordinate schools, uhirli w.-r.- In-i iii(i<!isii!;r. Tlif cxtninc ditlkulty of iirDCurinor
coiupotent and r(di:il))(,' tca<-!i.Ts had, all aloiij,^, lici-n urn- of tlio f,'reatesi t-ni-
barrassments iu carrying forward a o<iiu>r uf instruction, (.'Xtunsive, tUorougli. and
lieretofore almost iiisknown ut-sl of the iiiountaias.

The original di'sign of one central High Scliool was found to lie unsuitcd to
the extended territory on botli sides of the river, and two High Scliools were
substituted.

The East Higli School building was completed and opened in IS.jG. The West
High School was first o{)eaed in tho Kentucky street huihling, and continued
there for several years, until in 1S(51, the new building was completed.

In 18G1, Mr. Freese was relieveti from the superintendency which had become
too laljorious for ]iis declining health, and L. M. Oviatt took the management for
two years, when he was succeeded by Anson Smyth, formerly State Superintend-
ent. On his resignation, Mr. Andrew J. Rickotl", of Cincinnati, was called to the
position. UndiT his management importaiit changes iu the classification and
management of the schools have been introduced.

The prominence given to Messrs Eradburn, VVilley and Froese, in the history
of the public schools, is not intei\ded to disparaofe or undervalue the services
rendered by many others, without whose hearty and efficient co-operation the
whole undenaking would have failed. Prominent among these co operators were
J. D. Cleveland, J. Fitch, Dr. Maynard, Harvey Rice. Rev. J. A. Thome, T. P.
Handy, W. D. Beattie, (since deceased.) R. B. Dennis, Ansel Roberts, L. M. Oviatt.
and Thos. Jones, Jr.

In 1808, there were eighteen male, and one hundred and thirty-nine female
teachers employed in the public schools of the city, making an aggregate of one
hundred and fiftA'-seven. The total number of pui)ils enrolled was 10.104, the
avera<n' nnmlier lielonging to the schools. 7.0(10. and ^]\o avi^rnge daily nttend-
ance. 6.0'2:].

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IIARVHY RICH.

Ill the Ohio Educational Monthly lor April, ISOO, appeared a
p.«<'lty lull bioi,^ra[)liy of Hon. Harvey Rice, who has iilled an important
position in connection with the educational interests of Ohio. From
that account we learn that Mr. Rice is a native of Massachusetts. He
was horn June lltli, ISOO. In lS2i, he graduated from Williams
College, and the same year removed to Cleveland. He came to Ohio
a stranger and without inlluential friends here or elsewhere to aid
his eilorts for advancement. "When he landed at Cleveland he owned
nothing but the clothes he wore, and three dollars in his pocket. At
that lime Cleveland contained but 400 inhabitants.

Making no disclosure as to the low state of his treasury and the
rather dull prospect for an immediate replenishing of the same, he
look lodgings at the best public house the town atlbrded, at the rate
of two dollars and a half per week. At the expiration of one week
he paid his board bill and removed to a private boarding-house, with
but fifty cents left, and connnenced teaching a classical school in the
old academy on St. Clair street. About the same time he commenced
the study of the law under the direction of Reuben Wood, then a
prominent member of the Cleveland Bar, and at the expiration of
two years was admitted to practice, and entered into copartnership
with his former instructor, which continued until Mr. Wood was
elected to the Bench.

In 1S29, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and in ISoO, elected
to represent his district in the State Legislature. Soon after, without
solicitation on his part, he was appointed an agent for the sale of the
Western Reserve school lands, a tract of tifty-six thousand acres,
situated in the Virginia Military District. He opened a land otfice
at Millersburgh, in Holmes county, for the sales, and in the course of
three years sold all the lands, and paid tiie avails, nearly one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars, into the State Treasury, as a school fund
for the exclusive benefit of educating the children of the Western
Reserve, the interest of which is now annually paid by the State for
that purpose.

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26-2 CLECEL.iXI), PJST JND PRESENT:

In lS3o, yh Rk-e returned to Cleveland, and was appointed Clerk
of the Coniiiion Pleas and iSiipreme Courts, an ollice in which he
laithfi|lly served lor seven years, and in IS'JI and 183G, was nominated
by the Democratic Convention as a candidate for Coni2;ress, and
received the united support of the party, though without expecta-
tion of success, as the Democrats were lar<,^el\^ in the minority. He
was the lirst Democrat ever sent to the Legislature from Cuyahoga
county, and, Avhile serving in that body, was considered one of its
ablest and most iniluential members. He was appointed by the
House one of the select committee for revising the statutes of the
State, and while in that capacity, introduced and advocated with
acknowdedged ability many new provisions, wdiich still retain their
place upon our statute book.

The natural abilities of Mr. Rice are of a very higii order. His
mind is thoroughly disciplined and cultivated, and for the compara-
tively short time he practiced at the Bar, he obtained an enviable
reputation for legal ability, sound, practical, discriminating judgment
and gentlemanly deportment.

He is well known as an able contributor to many of the best peri-
odicals of the day, and is a graceful and exceedingly vigorous writer.
His imagination is rich and glowdng, and' his mind well stored by a
long and judicious course of mental training. We have seen some
articles of Mr. Rice's wdiich compare favorably with those of tiie best
writers of the day.

The following, which we find in the ''Nineteenth Century," we lake
the liberty of publishing here, and look upon it as a meritorious and
beautiful poem :

THE MORAL HERO.

With heart that trustetli still,

Set higli your mark ;
And though with human ill

The warfare may be dark,
Resolve to conquer, and you will I

Resolve, then onward press,

Fearless and true :
Believe it — Heaven will bless

The brave — and still renew
Your hope and courajjo in distress.

Press on, nor stay to ask
For friendship's aid ;

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ITS REPR[iSE\'TATini MEW 'lu:\

L)ei<jn not tu wi-ar a musk

Nor wield a cuwurd's bladu,
But still persist, though lianl the task.

liest not — in;j:li'rious rest

Unnerves tlie man ;
Strujf^le — 'tis Ciod's beliest !

Fill u[) life's little span
With God-like deeds — it is the test —

Test of the hljjhboru soul,

And lofty aim ;
The test in History's scroll

Of every honored name —
None but the brave shall win the goal I

Go act the hero's part.

And in the strife,
Strike with the hero's lieart

For liberty and life —
Ay, strike for Truth ; preserve her chart I

Her chart uustain'd preserve ;

'Twill guide you right,
['ress on and never swerve.

But keep your armor bright,
And struggle still with firmer nerve.

What though the tempest rage.

Buffet the sea !
Where duty calls, engage :

And ever striving l)e
The moral hero of the Age !

Ill tlie fall of 1851, Mr. Rice was put in nomination for the .State
Senate, and was elected by a majority exceeding seven iuuidred
votes.

The General Assembly to which he was now returned, was the
first that convened under the new Constitution. Upon this body
devolved the responsibility of reconstructing the statutes of the State,
and adapting them to the requisition of the Constitution, so as to
secure to the people the practical benefits of the great reforms which
had been achieved by its adoption. Mr. Rice contributed quite as
much as any other member to the important legislation of the two
sessions held l)y that General Assem])ly. It was said of him that he
loas ahra'js at his post. The degree ot inlluence which he exercised
as a legislator, was such as few have the good fortune to wield.

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204 CLEIEL.IM), i'JSJ A X i> PRESENT:

Among the varu'ly oi" moasuivs wliich engaged his attention, he
took a j)roniinent part in in-ocuring llie {)assage of the act which
authorized the establislmient of two additional lunatic asylums in the
State.

His course in relation to the sul)ject of common schools attracted
public attention tliroughout the Stale, anil called forth from the press
commendations of a very complimentar}- character. The corres-
pondent of a paper published at Newark, writing from Columbus,
remarks as follows :

Senator Rice, of CuyuKo^a, lias in cbar<ru a bill for the reorganization of scliools and
providing fur their supervision.

No better man than Mr. Rice could liave been selected for this work. He is a model
man and a model Senator. Clear headed, sound minded, carefully and fully educated,
with a pains-taking disposition, he is the ablest chairman of the standing committee on
schools that any Ohio Legislature ever had. Deeply imj)ressed with the great importance
of the subject — of the stern necessity which exists for basing our whole republican form
of government on the intelligence of the people, he has carefully provided a bill, which,
if enacted into a law, will give a good common school education to every child in the
State, and in so doing, has been equally careful that the money raised for that purpose
be not siiuandered. The bill provides for a State Commissioner of Common Scho(jls, and
it has been mentioned to me as a matter of deep regret, that the Constitution excludes
Mr. Rice from being a candidate for that office — no member of the Legislature being
eligible to an office created while he was a member, until one year after the expiration
of bis term of office.

On the question of the final passage of the bill, Mr. Rice addressed
the Senate in a concluding speech, which was published, and very
generally noticed by the press. Among these notices, a leading
paper published at Cleveland, with a magnanimity rarely possessed
by a political opponent, makes the following comments and quo-
tations :

Mr. Rice made the closing speech on the School Bill, in the Senate, on the 24th. It
was his Bill. He had labored over it, and for it, a long time, and given to it every
consideration and gained for it every counsel, which, by any possibility, he could gain.

The text of his speech was the language of the Constituti(m itself; the duty of
securing ' a thorough and efficient system of common schools throughout the State."

Mr. Rice goes into detail on the scliool bill, and, regretting that we liave not room for
the detail, we close our synopsis of his very sensible speech by »] noting its conclusion :

" It is certainly much cheaper, as well as much wiser, to educate than to jntnixJi.. How
much of crime would be prevented if a higher order of education were generally diffused
among all classes. A well educated and enlightened people will have but little occasion
for criminal courts, jails and penitentiaries. The educated man has ordinarily too
much self-respect, too much regard for moral principle and the value of a yood character
to atoop to crime. In short, sir, the perpetuity of tlie government, and security ot tlie
citizen, and of property, depend upon the virtue and intelligence of the people.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. -j^;:.

'• My the provisions of iliis bill, it is intendod to make our common 8th. xiU wlmt tli.-v
oujflit to I.. — -tlm ooll('i,a-s of the people — 'cheap eiiou<fh for the (.oon-si, aii<i ^'.m«1
enon<,'li for t!ie richest." With but a slight increase of taxation, schools of dithT.iit
^Tuili'S cms 111' cstablislunl and maintained in every township of the State, and ihv .>.on.-
und ilaii;,'-htiT.-t of otir farmers and mechanics have an opportunity of aajuirin^ra linislnii
I'diii-ation, <i|iially with the more favored of the laud. And, in this way, the elemenis ol
mind now slunilierin<.r amoncr the uneducated nuisses, like the fine unwrouj^ht marbh- in
the ([uarry, will be aroused and brought out to challenge the admiration of the world-
IMiilosuphrrs and sages will abound every where, on the farm and in the workshop. And
many a man of genius will stand out from among the masses, and exhibit a brilliancy of
intellect, which will be recognized in the circling years of the great future, as

'A light, a landmark ou the cliffs of time.'

•' It is only the educated man who is competent to interrogate nature, and comprehend
her revelations. Though I would not break down the aristocracy of knowledge of the
present age, yet, sir, I would level up, and eiiualize, and thus create, if I may be allowed
tlie expression, a denuK-racy of knowledge. In this way, and in this way only, can men
be made equal in fact — etjual in their social and political relations — equal in mental
refinement, and in a just appreciation of what constitutes man the brother of his fellow
man.

" In conclusion, sir, allow me to express my belief, that the day is not far distant when
Ohio, in the noble cause of popular education and of human rights, will ' lead thn
column,' and become, what she is capable of becoming — a star of the first magnitude —
llu) brightest in the galaxy of our American Union."

A proud hour now came for Mr. Rice ! A good and glorious one for the State ! The
roll of the Senate was called, and that body, on the S-lth day of January, 185:J, proceeded
to cast its final vote upon the bill, when only two negatives were announced.

Another hill, of scarcely less importance than the school bill, was
introduced into the Senate by Mr. Rice, near the heel of the
adjourned session, which with hiin was a favorite measure, and which
seemed to meet with the hearty approbation of the public. It had
for its ol»ject tlie establishment of a '^ State Reform School," expressly
designed for juvenile olFenders.

But owinic to the late day of the session in which the bill was
introduced, though very favorably received by the senate, a motion
was made to postpone it until the next session. In reference to this
motion, without attempting to muke a formal speech, Mr. Rice
explained briefly the object contemplated by the bill. His remarks
relating as they did to a subject of public interest, were reported and
published. The bill, at a subsequent session, resulted in establishing
the present Reform Farm School.

The eminent services which he has rendered the State in the
promotion of her educational interosls will be long and gratefully
remembered by those of his fellow citizens who properly appreciate
the true objects of lile. and who wish to secure to themselves, to their

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20G CLElliLAM), P.iSl .1X1) I'KESES'I :

children, and to llio -oiioralioiis wliirli uill lolluw tlieiu, the . -social
blessings which How from a high degree ol' reiinement, intelligence
and moral virtue.

While a mem.l)er of the City Council, in 3857, 3Ir. Rice took the
lead in establishing tlio Cleveland Industrial School, and was chair-
man of the committee that put it into successful operation. It has
now grown to be one of tlie most important charitable institutions in
Cleveland. Mr. Kice is still active in extending its usefulness.

In the same year he originated the project, and introduced the
resolution into the Council, authorizing the erection of the Terry
Monument which now graces the Public Park of the city. The cost
of the Monument, by the terms of the resolution, was made to
depend on the voluntary subscriptions of the citizens. Mr. Rice was
appointed Chairman of the .]\[onument Committee, and after three
years of persevering eftbrt, succeeded in carrying the object of the
resolution into eftect. The Monument was inaugurated with impos-
ing ceremonies, on the 10th of September, ISGO, the anniversary of
Perry's victory on Lake Erie. Mr. Bancroft, the historian, delivered
the Inaugural xVddress. As carefully estimated, not less than one
hundred thousand people attended the inauguration. In carrying
out the programme the battle of Lake Erie was reproduced, in a
mock fight, on the Lake in front of the city. It was a proud day for
Cleveland. Both the Monument and the inauguration were pro-
nounced a perfect success.

In ISGl, Mr. Rice, being elected to the Board of Education, was
appointed President of the Board, and during his term of ollice
rendered essential service in promoting the educational interests of
the city. In fact, he has always been a zealous friend and advocate
of popular education. In his literary career he has become widely
known as the author of "Mount Vernon, and Other Poems""— a
volume containing two hundred and tifty pages wliich has reached
a fifth edition.

In 1862, Mr. Rice was appointed by the Governor of the State, with
the concurrence of the War Department, a commissioner for Cuya-
hoga county, to conduct the first draft made in the county during the
late civil war. In executing this delicate task he acquitted him.elf
with firmness, integrity, and discretion. While in the discharge of
his duties he found his office one morning suddenly besieged by some
five or six hundred excited citizens, who were armed with \^\^U,U and
other weapons, threatening to demolish the ollice and destroy the
records. They liad been instigated to make this demonstration by

■'■ Ulti"'j 'j;i i. tli 'i^j;ut jf

its' REPlil'.SFMATIl 1-: MIX. 'H\1

lalsi- rmiiors iv-;inlin.si- tiic lairiiess of the draft. Mr. Rice iiu>t the
crisis (irmly, sent to llie military camp oti the Heights for a <k'tach-
iiieiit of s()I(li('i-<. infantry and artillery, who came to liis relief on the
'"doiihle (luick,'" and dispersed the riotous assemblage. To satisfy
the disallected that all was right and just in relation to the drafi, Mr.
Ki<e pri»[)Osed that they should appoint a committee of their own to
investigate the state of atl'airs in the draft office. They did so, and
with his aid an elaborate examination was made, and the committee
reported that the draft had been conducted fairly and justly in all
respects. Mr. Kice tlien proceeded with the draft, and as luck would
have it, two of the committee, who had been ringdeaders in getting
up the demonstration, were drafted on the spot, and every body
seemed pleased with the result.

In 1SG7, Mr. Rice, wishing to express his regard for the cause of
Missions, as well as for the college where he graduated, erected at his
own expense, and with the approval of the college authorities, a
beautiful marble monument in 3[ission Park, at Williamstown, Mass.,
commenun-ative of the origin of American Foreign Missions. The
park is a part of the college domains, and within it there is a maple
grove where a few pious young students of the college, in the
summer of ISOG, lield occasional prayer-meetings. At one of these
meetings a shower of rain compelled them to seek the shelter of a
neighboring haystack, where they continued their exercises, and
where one of their number, Samuel J. Mills, iirst suggested the idea
of a mission to foreign heathen lands, as being a religious duty. In
this noble and philanthropic thought his associates all concurred,
and there, while at the haystack, consecrated themselves in solemn
prayer;4o the great work. From this circumstance originated Amer-
ican Foreign Missions. The monument was planned by Mr. Rice^ It
is erected on the spot where the haystack stood, is twelve feet in
height, and surmounted with a marble globe three feet in diameter,
and cut in map lines. The face of the monument has the inscription,
"The Field is the World,"' followed with a haystack, sculptured in
bas relief, and the names ot the live young men, who held the prayer-
meeting, and the date 1S06. The monument was dedicated July 2Sth,
1SG7, at the maple grove, in the park. A large audience was present.
Mr. Rice, by special reiiuest, delivered the dedicatory address, which
was received widi a high deirree of satisfaction, and afterwards
published, with the other proceedin-<, in panii)hlet form.

Mr. Rice has accumulated a rea.-onal)le share of "this world's
goods;" has been twice married— first in 1>m'^, and afterwards in 1S40.

1...)

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;'r . n-j!:-:..io'»l ur/u'iOfnA 'to iiI:2.no otlr 'to

20S CLEl'ELAXD, FAST AND PRESENT:

He has a wife, three sous and three daui^hters still living, and now
leads, comparatively, a retired, yet not an idle life.

He still has the ai^pcarauce of a well preserved gentleman. He
is six feet in hight, erect and of good proportions, and his general
personal api)earance is pleasing. In manner he is a true gentleman,
— modest and kind, but promi^t and decided. Two of his sons, Capt.
Percy W. Rice and James S. Kice, are settled in business at Cleve-
land. The youngest son, Harvey Rice, Jr., resides in California. The
three daughters are married and settled — one in California and the
other two in Cleveland. Mrs. Rice is a lady of refinement, exem-
plary, and much beloved and respected. As a family, but few have
been more highly favored, or lived in more perfect harmony.

ANDREW FREESE

The name of Andrew Freese will always hold a place of honor in
the scholastic records of Cleveland. No educator in the city is held
in such aifectionate esteem by a large class of ibrnier pupils, and none
better deserves the grateful tributes paid to his abilities as a teacher
and his worth as a citizen.

Mr. Freese was born in Levant, Penobscot county, Maine, on
November 1st, 1S16. His father was a farmer, but Andrew was of such
slender frame and weak constitution that he was completely untitled
for farming life. His father destined him to be a printer, and took
him to the nearest printing oflice to show him how types were set
and newspapers printed. The boy was not favorably impressed with
what he saw, and begged to be allowed to enter college. This was
^ considered out of the question, his father being too poor to provide
the necessary funds. But the boy's heart was set upon it, and he
thought that by teaching school for a time he could obtain money
enough to complete his own education. This idea he carried into
execution, and had no sooner entered on the business of teaching
than h<3 renlized that he had found his true vocation. He continued
to teach and study until his collegiate course was coni[)Iete(l, and
then he resolved to lit himself for tli*' business of teaching by study-
ing the best systems of education, as laid down in the most approved

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i IS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. •_><'.«►

l»-M.ks an.l i.r.n-ti«'0<l in the most successful schools, lie exaiiiiiicd
ilu" lM«>t -rhoui I.iiihliug^, -^n'l hrou^^ht away plans of construction,
nn-l ino.|cls i,l Ihuir furniture. The most thorough teachers wore
couvijli*'.! ;i-> lo the results of tiieir experience, and when he had tiius
acjtjir.Ml a thorough mastery of the whole science of teaching, in
Kt«'ad of setting out as an educational empiric, he resolved to seek
the Wf>t,;is a 'better lield for turning his knowledge to account, than
was tlu' Kast, where educators were far too numerous to make the
liusinc.xs prntitaide.

>[r. Frcese came to Cleveland in 1840, and offered his services to
the JJuard of School Managers as a teacher. His rare ability was
apjircciated, he was immediately engaged, and was at once recognized
as tlie head of the schools. There was then only the general school
hiw to work under. The law as then understood, made it almost a
crinu' to give instruction in the higher branches of even an English
edtira'ion. There was then no high schools, or graded schools in the
great State of Ohio. To Cleveland, and to Mr. Freese, belong the
Iionor of establishing the first free hi^h school in the State, The
scholars from that school may now be found in almost every State in
the Union, eminent in all departments of life. They have been met
with as Governors, jurists, mechanicians, and artists, and the first
incjuiry from them all has been, *■' Is Mr. Freese still with you ? All I
am, and all I have, I owe to him ; may God forever bless him."

Tiie high school was established in July, 1S46, and Mr. Freese at
once placed at its head. Those unfriendly to public schools, and
especially to this department, offered him large inducements to
engage in a private school, but Mr. Freese had faith in the success of
the experiment, and was determined not to a])andon it until its success
was insured. The pay given by the citj' was but a beggarly pittance,
and his labors inside and out of the school room were exceedingly
arduous, but no discouragement could daunt his zeal, and he resisted
blandishments as he treated opposition, with indifference. The unex-
pected and severe labors imposed upon liim shattered his health, but
with him love overcame all other considerations, and he persisted.
In June, lS5o, the office of Superintendent of Instruction was created,
and tendered to Mr. Freese, who held it until IsGl, when his failing
health admonished him to retire. Recently he was summoned from
his retirement to take the position of princi})al of the Central High
school, now grown to proportions its fouiulers scarcely dared hope
for it. It was with extreme reluctance tliat ^Ir. Freese consented to
resume his old profession, l)ut lie finally did so, working with great

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270 CLEl El.lM), r.lSI J.\7> PRESEXT:

zeal and success untii I !i(' rlose of the Suiuiiior term of ISGO, when,
immediately after ro-electiun by :i lii-lily complimenlary vote, he
was compeiled, by the condition of liis health, to resign his position
and bid a final larewell to the i>rol(.'s^ioii he so much loved. The
proceedings of the ISoard of Education 'v.\ relation to the resignation
of Mr. Freese are of interest, as showing tiie iugh value set uiion his
services to the cause of education.

The following communication was presented to the Board :

To the Honorable tlie Board of Education of the city of Chveland :

Gentlemen: I have to submit herewitti the rcsi^nution of Mr. Andrew Freese. wlm

has for the i>ast year acted as principal of the Central Iliirh school.

On account of ill health it was with threat reluctance that Mr. Freese wont into this

position. In accordance, however, with the advice of friends, he tinally yielded to pt-r

suasion and entered upon the discharife of its duties with the well known earnestness of

his character. The result has been marked in the earnestness with which his able corps

of assistants associated with him have co operated to promote the hi<;hest interests of the

school, and of each and all its pupils. It has been si)ecially uiarki'd, too, by the increased

devotion of all the scholars to their studies, and the ready aci^uiescence with which tliey

have obeyed all tlie rules and regulations of your Board.

In takinfT leave of Mr. Freese it is due to him that I should thus formally and earnestly

record my high appreciation of his services. Furthermore, it may not be inappropriate

for me testify to the fact, that much of the hearty earnestness of the corps of ti'.tclicrs

with which I am now laboring, is due to the intluenceof this gentleman when he held

the office which I now hold.

ANDREW J. RICKOFF,

Superintendent of Instruction.

The Board of Education having received and accepted the resignation of Andrew
Freese, Esq., principal of the Central High School, Mr. Perkins 'otf.red the following
resolutions, which were adopted :

' Resolved, That the thanks of the Board are herei)y teuder.-d to Mr. Freese, for the
valuable services he has rendered in the various relations he has sur^taini'd to tlie public
schools of this city during the last quarter of a century. In every position he has been
called to fill, he has proved hin\self faithful to the trust committed to his keeping. 'I'o
him more than any other are we indebted for the deservedly eli-vated charucier ot our
system of graded schools.

Rvaoh'td, That the president and secretary of the Board be reqiiesteil to communicate
to Mr. Freese the feeling of regret occasioned by his withdrawal from our service, to^r.-tlier
with a certified copy of its action this evening.

Mr. Freese was the originator of tlie celebrated outline maps.
Many years before any were published by ^[it(di<-ll. t'ney were in use
here, and may still be found on some of the walls and lloors of our old
school houses, where they were placed by ^Iv. Freese. ^Vhat liorac*^
Mann and William Colburn did for the schools of New Kr.-l.iud,
Andrew Freese has done for the sciiools of the West. Almost ini.ue-

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 271

(liatoly an or conimeucing his labors he began to protest to tlic IJoanl
of School Managers against our school laws; under them he could <!(»
no justice to himself or his scholars. Ilis efforts were aided }>v I he
Board of School Managers, and after a hard contest with city and Slate
authorities, the laws were altered so as to give us one of the best
school systems in the world. The first free high school in the State
was started by Mr. Freese, in the basement of an old church, at a
rent of fifty dollars per annum, and this was regarded by some of our
largest tax payers as so great an outrage that they threatened to
resist the payment of their taxes. The school now enjoys the use of
a j)alatial building, and our grammar schools have the use of the most
elegant and convenient structures for educational purposes in the
State. Many of our citizens devoted their time and money to bring
about this great change, which has done and is doing so much for the
welfare of our city. But perhaps no one man has done so much as
Mr. Freese.

It would be difficult, if not impossible, to overrate the services of
Mr. Freese to ihe cause of education in Cleveland. It was the sole
business of his life, and he entered on it w^ith utter unselfishness.
With him the cause was everything, self nothing. He traveled far,
spent his own slender funds freely, and labored assiduously in the
endeavor to secure the best of everything in plan and machinery, for
the city schools. He had no ambition outside or beyond the school
room, and his shrinking modesty prevented him claiming the credit
justly due him for the unintermitted and successful labors performed
within the school walls.

ANSON SMYTH.

Among the citizens of Ohio, fev.' are more worthy of mention than
Kev. Anson Smyth. There is not a townsliip in the State in wliich
his influence has not been felt, nor a school district in whicli his
name is not honored, lie has la])ored to u[)lift the intellectual,
social, and moral status of our great commonwealth, and Ids impress
is left on the highest and nmst sacred interests of the people.

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272 CLEl'KL.lXJ), r.lSI' AND I'RESLNT:

Though born in r.Muisylvania, Mr. Suiytli is none tlie less a New
Englander. Mis parents and ohler brothers and sisters were natives
of New Enghmd. Tiiere many of his early years were spent, and
there he received both his collegiate and his theological education.
There for two years he taught school, and for three, was pastor of a
church. Thus it is seen, that while his birth makes him a Pennsyl-
vanian, his blood and education make him a Yankee.

Mr. Smyth is a self-made man. By his unaided energies he
surmounted the diiliculties that stood in the \vay of his advancement^
and has achieved distinction by a career of great usefulness. His
father was a man of high respectability, and most excellent character.
He was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and being well advanced
in life, and declining in health, when his youngest son, the tenth of
twelve children, determined to acquire a liberal education, he was
unable to do anything for his assistance. But the boy had a brave
heart, and he went forward, strong in the idea that " there is nothing
impossible to him that wills." At first by manual labor, and after-
wards by teaching, he contrived to secure funds for meeting those
expenses which demanded ready payment. When he left the theo-
logical seminary he owed several hundred dollars, all of which he
paid from his first earnings.

After preaching for three years at the East, Mr. Smyth accepted a
call to the pastoral charge of a church in Michigan. It was a village
of a few hundred people, in a new and wild region. Society was in a
chaotic condition, and there were but few who had either the ability
or the disposition to do much for the young pastor's support or
encouragement. The locality was unhealthy, and Mr. Smyth sulfered
severely from prevalent diseases. But during a ministry there of
four years, he was eminently successful, and he left the church four
times as strong as he found it.

In 1847, Mr. Smyth came to Ohio, and, after spending a tow montiis
in Cleveland, received and accepted a call to tiie pastorate of the
Presbyterian church in Toledo. He entered ujton his new charge
with zeal and energy. He labored faithfully for tiie advancement o\
the cause of Christ in that rising town, but owing to clironic aiion-
ation among tlie members of his church, from the lioginning ho lelt
the need of that degree of co-operation and sympathy necessary to
insure the full benelit of his labors. Still, tlie condition of allair<
greatly improved under his ministry; the monibersiiip of tlie cliurcii
being nearly <loubled, and the congregation largely increased. At
the end of three years he resigned his charge and entered upon

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ITS REPRESENTATJFE MEN. -J 7:;

that (lepartineiit of public service in which he has accinirc'l iiim^.1
honorable distinction.

Until 1S50, the facilities for education in Toledo were all in ihe
future. While pastor of the church there, Mr. Smyth felt keenly the
need of establishing a good system of schools ere the town should
become confirmed in the habit of neglecting so important an interot.
A few of the citizens took hold of the business with energy; the
"Akron School Law'' was adopted, and a Board of Education elected.
Mr. Smyth was placed at the head of the movement. Tliis was a
position he had never expected to fill, but, regarding it as a field of
usefulness, a field in which to serve God and society, not less sacred
than that of the pastoral office, he went to his new work without a
doubt that thereby he was doing the will of God. In many particu-
lars the business Mr. Smyth found upon his hands was new and
strange to him. He had had no experience in organizing schools
upon the graded plan. Eighteen years ago there were very few good
schools in Ohio. Lorin Andrews, at Massillon, Dr. Lord, at Columbus,
M. F. Cowdery, at Sandusky, Andrew Freese, at Cleveland, and IL II.
Barney, at Cincinnati, were the leaders in the educational reforma-
tion, then rising into notice. Not till three years afterwards was our
noble school law enacted. But Mr. Smyth took hold of the great
work entrusted to him with characteristic energy. He read much and
thought more upon the bestplan of organizing aschool system for the
city, and when he left there, in 1S56, the schools of Toledo had gained
a most enviable character. They were regarded as among tlie best
in the country, and their Superintendent had acquired the reputation
of being one of the wisest and most successful educators in America.
The Board of Education committed the entire management of the
schools to him. The selection of teachers, the classification and
discipline of the schools, the course of study, and the examinations
were just what Mr. Smyth was jjleased to make them. He gathered
around him a corps of teachers equal to the best in the Slate, and the
schools were the pride of the citizens. When he resigned, in closing
an article upon tlie subject, the Rlade remarked: " We reyard tl>i:
retireiiient of 21)'. SmytJi as no less titan, a public calam.ityP

At a meeting of the State Teachers Association, in December,
1S55, Mr. Smyth was unanimously elected President of that body, als(»
editor of the Journal of Education. In the following February he
removed to Columbus, and entereil upon his editorial duties. IJis
success in his new field was most satisfactory to all who were inter-
ested in the cause which he represented.

18

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ii74 CLEIELAXD. PAST A X 1) PRESEXT:

In May, 1S5(], tlio Iveiniblif;in Slate Coiivonfion. nominated ]Mr.
Smyth for the oiiicc of State Cmnmissioner of Scliools. This was an
honor as unexpected by liiiu as it w.is sati>f;ict(iry to the x>eople. He
was elected by a ]ari;;e majority, and in Felauary, 1S57, entered upon
the discharge of the duties of his new oHlce. In tliis high position
he remained six year?, having been re-elected in 1S50.

Mr. Smytli was not disheartened when he found his post at the
head of the educational forces of the State, environed with most
serious embarrassments. The general school law had been in
operation three years, encountering the hostility of a large portion
of the people, who were persistent in their ellbrts to secure its repeal,
or extensive modification. It was regarded as doubtful whether it
could much longer survive in the face of the antagonism which
confronted it. But when Mr. Smyth turned the otiice over to his
successor, in 1SG3, the law had become popular, and strong in the
regards of nearly all tlie people. The changes which it had experi-
enced were improvements, and it was everywhere working out its
own praise.

In this sketch, Mr. Smyth's labors and successes in the Commis-
sionership can not be detailed. He spared no pains in promoting
the interests which the State had contided to him. Whether looking
after members of the legislature who were working against the law,
or performing ordinary office duties, or traveling and addressing tiie
people, he showed untiring industry and enthusiastic devotion to the
good cause. When he declined another nomination, the State
Teachers- Association, at their meeting in 3Iount Vernon, passed a
resolution highly aj)proving his administration. David Tod. then
Governor, wrote of him to a friend: "The most faithful manner in
which Mr. Smj'-th has discharged the arduous duties of School Com-
missioner of our State for the last six years, involving, as it did, the
expenditure of millions of money, without the loss of a dollar, has
won for him my fullest confidence and profound respect. He is an
excellent business man, and a Christian gentleman.'' No man ever
left an office stronger in the confidence and esteem of tlie people.

Mr. Smyth did not propose to continue longer in liie educational
field, and declined many invitations to positions at the head of
institutions of learning. But, very unexpectedly to him, he wa>
elected Superintendent of Instruction for Cleveland. A stroTig
inclination to reside here, and tlie urgency of friends, secured h\^
acceptance. He removed to this city in July, IS*;.";, and was warmly
welcomed by the people.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN.

_».>

At that time, tlie Board of Education was in many things ^ul. or-
dinate to the Ciry Council, and these two bodies not always workiii;;
harmoniously, prevented the adoption of many reforms advocali-d by
the Superintendent. Still, ^[r. Smyth's administration was a jx-riod
of frreat prosperit}' and advancement with the Cleveland schools.
The gradation and classification were improved ; modes of teachiiiu
were introduced wliich greatly promoted the purposes of education.
Through liis inlhience the use of the rod in the schools was to a great
extent discontinued, while better order was secured. Ilis success in
the selection of teachers was remarkable. He seemed to have an
intuitive knowledge of character, and next to none of those he
placed in charge of schools proved failures. His power over teachers
was very great. While he was exacting in his demands, never
excusing negligence, he knew how to temper authority with kind
and courteous manners.

In the management of schools, Mr. Smyth required that due regard
be had to manners and morals. Arithmetic and grammar were not, in
his estimation, more important than xjoliteness and Christian morality.
He encouraged the ornamentation of the school rooms with plants,
flowers and engravings, which has been so generally adopted, thus
rendering them attractive and conducive to taste and refinement.

For five successive years Mr. Smyth was re-elected, but the last
election he declined to accept, having entered into business arrange-
ments, that he might pay needed attention to pecuniary interests.
During his superintendence the number of teachers employed in the
schools increased from eighty to one hundred and thirty; the splendid
school buildings now approaching completion, were planned and put
under contract, the School Library was established, and all school
interests were most i)rosperous. When he retired from the superin-
tendence of the schools, nearly two years ago, the Leader expressed
the public sentiment in regard to his services, in the following terms:
"It is with unfeigned regret that we announce the resignation of
Rev, Anson Smyth, as Superintendent of Listruction in this city. He
has discharged the duties of this oflice for four years with ability and
efficiency. The educational interests of the city have been guarded
with jealous care; and the excellent condition of our public schools,
the firm, judicious discipline that is enforced, and the thorougli
system of instruction well attest his zeal, alulity and faithfulness.
To the teachers of the schools and the citizens generally, he has
given the most umiualiHed satisfaction, and all will sincerely regret
the circumstances wiiich iiave induced him to retire."

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270 CLRl'ILAXI). PAST AND PRESENT:

Mr. Smyth has never i^iveii up pulpit services, but has averaged
to preach one sermon per Sunday ever since resigning his pastoral
charge in Toledo, eighlcen years ago. Though a Presbyterian in
doctrine, and loyal to that church, he is remarkably free irom
sectarian exclnsiveness, and all evai>gelical churches seek and obtain
his ministerial services.

Within the last year he has given more than twenty addresses at
college commencements, and before literary and educational associ-
ations, while he has been obliged to decline numerous applications
for like labors.

The weight of fifty years and the work of a life of very great
activity rest lightly upon him. He is possessed of robust health, and
is as marked for energy and vivacity as he was twenty years ago.
But few men, who at his age have accomplished so much labor, seem
still so able to repeat their life-work.

R. F. HUMISTON.

The family of Humiston, or IIuml)astone, as it was originally called,
is one of considerable antiquity, and its American branch dates from
an early period in the history of this country, John Ilumbastone, its
founder, having settled in New Haven, Connecticut, towards the
middle of the seventeenth century. For over two hundred years the
family, or a portion of it, resided in the same neighltorhood, al-out
seven miles out of New Haven, on the (^uinnipiac river. At the
breaking out of the Revolutionary War, several members of tlie
family took part in the struggle on the side of the patriots, and did
good service.

Caleb Hnmiston (the name had been corrupted in the course of
time) was of the third generation in descent from John Humbastone,
the original settler in New Haven. He was l-orn on the old home-
stead on the (^Hiinnipiac river, inherited a portion of it, and lived
there until he was thirty years old. Then he removed to Berkshire
county, Massachusetts, settling down in 1^*10 on a farm he had pur-
chased in Great Barrington. He was at this time a farmer in com-

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JTS REPRESEXTJTIf'E MEX. 077

IbrtabK- cirt'iiiiistaiifes, but misrortiine came upon Jiiin, l,is jMoiiertv
l»as>(Hl iVtmi his control, and he was reduced to exUeiiK-lv narrow
circumstances. When this misfortune came upon liini he Iiad alrca«lv
been burdened with a larj^e family. Ten children had been born, our
of whom died, but the others grew up and had to be provided for, tho
family consisting of seven boys and two girls. It is a noteworlhv
fact, that with the exception of the child who died in infaiify, and
Caleb Ilumeston himself, there has been no death in the family for
over half a century, the youngest of them now living being thirty-
eight years old. The fam.il}'- had been noted for its longevity, the
average age of the ancestors of the present generation being between
seventy and eighty years.

K. F. Humiston, whose life we propose brietly to sketch, was born
in Great Barrington, July 20th, lb'21. The misfortune suffered by his
father overtook him when K. F. was nine years old, and from that
time each one of the children was capable to do something towards
earning a living. Tools were provided for each, proj^er work marked
out, and every one held responsible for the faithful performance of
the allotted task. As long as could be afforded, the children were
sent to the district school, but the grade of education r)rovided was
low, and the knowledge acquired meagre. In his ninth year, K. F.
Humiston was taken from school and put to earn his living with a
neighbor, with whom he remained a year, and was then placed to
work in a cotton factory at Stockbridge, Mass. His duty in this
establishment was to tend a spinning jenny, and the winter hours of
labor were from six o'clock in the morning to eight at night, with
half an hour's intermission for dinner.

His health failing through the severity of this labor, his parents
took him from this factory and placed him in another factory, tor the
manufacture of cotton batting and wadding, in West Stockbridge.
Here he remained several months, but was obliged to leave on
account of sickness.

In the Spring of ISoo, the family removed to Ohio. After selling
his farm and paying his debts, Caleb Humiston had barely sufhcient
left with which to reach Hudson, Ohio. Here he engaged in making
brick, the subject of this sketch, twelve years old, assisting in the
brick yard. Change of climate, hard work, and want brought sick-
ness on the whole family, and before 11. F. Humiston was fifteen years
old the physicians pronounced his constitution entirely broken down,
and that lie could never do severe labor. He availed himself of an
oiler to become clerk of a store in Hudson, and clerked there and in

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Ui.: io J?i '»5l

278 CLEriiLASl), PAST AND FRESEN'I :

Cleveland until he was sixteen years old. When clerk in a Cleve-
land bookstore, the i)ro[)rietor failed and the books were taken to
Buflalo, youn^ llumiston receiving an oiler of a clerkship in that city.
This he declined, rel'usini;- to desert his family, who were in poverty,
and working hard. His health having been partially restored, he took
off his good clothes and re-entered the brick yard, where he remained
until he was eighteen years old. Whilst in the store he had learned
to keep books, and turned this knowledge to account in arranging his
father's business. A number of the better class of citizens of Hud-
son insisted on the boy having an education, and a merchant offered
to bear the expense of a collegiate course, but the boy was too usefu
in his father's business to be si^ared, and so the opportunity was lost.

But the brick-making did not suit the boy, who was ambitious, and
desirous of learning. In the Winter after he was eighteen, he went
to learn the trade of a carpenter, agreeing to pa}' his father for his
nnexi)ired time as soon as he became of age. He learned the carpen-
ter's trade of Samuel Johnson, in Ravenna, an intelligent man, who
was highly respected by his neighbors, and whose influence was of
great benefit to his apprentice, forming correct habits, and giving
him moral and intellectual training.

Young Humiston was ambitious to excel as a mechanic, and spent
bis evenings in studying architecture and examining plans for
buildings. There was no eight or ten hour system in those days.
Mechanics worked from daylight to dark, frequently continuing their
labors sixteen hours. Under this severe strain his health again gave
way, and in September, lS-11, he was reluctantly compelled to abandon
the trade of a carpenter, except to work about three days in the week
in' order to pay his board.

At this point he determined to gain an education, and endeavor to
.earn a living by his brain, since his muscles failed him. He returned
to Hudson with the purpose of entering college, his entire capital
being ten cents in money and a few tools, witii which he lioped to
earn enough to pay for his board and tuition. He remained at the
college live years, working at his trade by the hour, and doing odd
jobs, teaching an occasional term, and Wf^rking hard as a carpenter
in vacations. His studies and laltors were unremitting, sometimes
allowing him but three hours' sleep out of llie tweut^'-four. As might
be expected, his health again gave way, and lie was obliged to leave.
The college conferred on him the honorary degree of M. A., and the
Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, subsequently conferred the
same degree, both without solicitation.

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ITS REPRESENTATirE MEN. 279

On loiiviii^- college lie went into the nursery business, not liii\ in"
pliysiful slaniiiKi sullicient lo prosecute his studies for the ininistrv
as intended. In this business he continued directly I'or eighteen
months, and partially for five or six years.

In tlie Fall of 1S47, he commenced teaching in the public scjiools
in Cuyahoga Falls, and in the following Spring established a private
school, the Cuyahoga Falls Seminary. At the end of that year he
was elected Superintendent of Public Instruction and principal f)f
the high school. He continued his seminary, having assistants, and
the privilege being allowed him of. spending a portion of his time in
the management of that establishment. h\ the Fall of ISiO, he came
to Cleveland and was appointed principal of the Rockwell street
grammar school, where he remained seven years, bringing up the
school from a low fiitch to rank among the foremost in the city. His
salary, when he began to teach in Cleveland was but five hundred
dollars, and out of this he liad to provide for two families, his own
and that of his parents. To add to his small stipend, he taught
evening school, and took agencies in the vacation. At the same time
he was repeatedly offered other situations at better salaries, and was
invited to become the i)rincipal of a State Normal school. He tend-
ered his resignation as principal of the Rockwell street school, but
was induced to remain on promise of increase of salary. Finally,
becoming weary of tliat hope deferred that maketh the heart sick, he
resigned and was engaged at a much higher salary, to establish, under
the patronage of an association of leading citizens, the Cleveland
Academy. This enterprise was very successful, and the position
pleasant, a fine corps of assistants being gathered around him.

xifter two years labor in this position, some gentlemen connected
with the property on University Heights, requested him to engage in
the enterprise of a school on the Heights, in the building erected for
a college under president Mahan, but which now lay unlinished and
unoccupied, the college scheme having failed. They offered rent and
grounds free, but he refused, until they agreed to sell him the whole
property for a nominal sum, if he could acquire a clear title, the
ownership having become badly involved by the failure of the college.
This he eventually accomplished after much labor, and took posses-
sion of the property in 1S50.

The task was a gigantic one to a man like Mr. Humiston, with
limited funds and uncertain health. The building was untini:?lied and
needed considerable expenditure to put it in shape for occupation.
The location though very promising in the distant future, was then

,108'J.}!-'

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Htiw .itoi;<i.iauH ."iM o>[iS. ufon r, ot 3fw> ')iJiu;sh2 /:;

280 CLEl'EL.lXl), I'.lSi .1X1) PUl'.SFNT:

very inconvenient of access, and was tlierelore objectionable. But
Mr. Ilumiston possessed a delerinined will and he set to work without
delay. He borrowed inoiiey. lilted up a portion of the building, and
opened the Cleveland Institute with strong hopes for the future, but
gloomy prospects in the present.

About the middle of the second year the building took tire and a
large portion of the interior was destroyed. The school was closed
for six months, and with characteristic energy Mr. Humiston went to
work to repair damages, enlarging the building, and again involving
himself in debt to meet the expense. Success crowned his enterprise.
The number of scholars increased rapidly, and again the building had
to be enlarged and improved.

The institute was continued ten years, and the gross income in its
later years ranged from 820,000 to -"?31,000 per year. During nearly
the whole time Mr. Humiston taught himself, and usually live hours
out of the six devoted to studies. At the same time he gave medical
lectures at the Western Homteopathic College, and managed all the
affairs of the institute, keeping no agent or steward. He purchased
and fitted up in the institute a fine chemical and philosophical appar-
atus, collected a good library and several valuable cabinets of
specimens in natural history, geology, and mineralogy. The corps of
teachers was large and of superior talents.

In 1S6S, Mr. Humiston, considering that he had earned a respite
from his arduous and unremitting labors, accepted an offer from some
gentlemen desirous of establishing a Homoeopathic Hospital, and
sold his building with half the adjoining grounds for 835,000. He
then accepted the tender of the agency of the American Missionary
Association in Great Britain, and early in ISGO left for Europe, having
previously visited the South in order to acquaint himself with the
condition of the freedmen, whose cause he designed especially to
present. After a year or more spent in this work he designs visiting
the remainder of Europe, North Africa, and the Holy Land.

Mr. Humiston has, since 1S59, held the position of Professor of
Chemistry and Toxicology in the Western Homu'opatliic College, and
has given ten courses of lectures in that institution. Each year he
insisted on resigning, but the resignation has always been retused.
On closing his educational career he again resigned, but the college
again refused to accept his resignation, promising to supply his place
temporarily during his absence in Europe.

The disiinguishing characteristic of Mr. Humiston is his strong
will, and this is well exemplified in the fact that although born with

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'2S\ -

a i-<)ii.-tiliiiioii;ii liercc tliirst for liquor, lie has been able lo contiiiiio
in liulil li.ibils of temperance throni^h all temptation, tiuMi-h at the
t'ost. of many powerful struggles with his inordiiuite cravin^rs. IK- is
u man of strong religious convictions, and has been so from his vonth
up. For many years he was conr.ected with the ^lethodist ciiurch on
Uiiiv('r>ify Heights. As an educator he r;inks among the l)est in the
State, and was held in deservedly high esteem by those who had
themselves been taught by him, or whose children had been brougiit
up under his tuition.

Eailroacling.

^ 'TJMIHST of the milroads of any description chartered in connection with
~i^'., ^- Clevfhmd, were tlio Cleveland and Newburgh and Cleveland and Eediord
*'^Ml.y IJallroad Companies. The first named was incorporated in ISoo, built
soon after, and for some time run by horse power, hauling stone and timber, and
occasionally passengers. It was eventually abandoned. The Cleveland and Bedford
was never built. Another local road, run by horse power, with wooden rails,
was, about the same time, constructed between the city and East Cleveland,
passing up Euclid street.

The Ohio Railroad was of a different character. It was intended to run along
the lake shore from the Pennsylvania line to Toledo, mostly to be built on piles.
Considerable work was done, though no iron laid, when the financial crisis overwhelmed
it and its kindred schemes. The piles driven for the track are yet visible in ]>laces
between Cleveland and Sandu.-?ky. The rights of the company, as far as they existed,
afterwards became the property of the Junction Railroad Company, now the Cleve-
land and Toledo. Of the same period, was the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburgh.
This was chartered in I80O, the act of incorporation authorizing the construction of a
railroad from Cleveland, in the direction of Pittsburgh, to the State line of Penusylva-
auia. At the point of intersection with the State line, the charter provided for the
union of the road with any other road which the State of Pennsylvania might au-
thorize from Pittsburgh, or any otlier point below the Ohio river, running in the
direction of Cleveland, in order that a continuous route might be perfected from
Cleveland to Pittsl)urgh, under the authority of both States. The charter was very loose
in its provisions, allowing the president and directors to create and sell stock as in
their judgement occasion might re(iuire, without limit as to the amount issued, except

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284 CLEn-.L.lSl), t\lST AND I'RESENT:

tliat it sliould not exco..! ihu isoeds of tin; coinprtiiy. Plenary powers were <,'ranted
to the couipany in tLe teleetion <jf n route, the coudeiiinatioa of laud, and like
"full and discretionary pinver" was jrrantcd to the company in "the use and
occupancy of the road, in the transixirtation of persons or property, either by the
force and ^wwer of steam, or aninial>, or any mechanical or other power, or any
combination of them, which the company may think proper to employ." The
cost of the line was estimated to be lesa than $7,000 per mile. The road was
to be an extension of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, a branch of which was
to extend to Pittsburgh, and thus would " jrive the whole vast region of the
western lakes an opportunity of marketing their products in, and receiving their
foreign produce from Philadelphia and Baltimore, at least five weeks earlier in the
season, and at much less expense," than was accomplished at New York.

In the same year a charter was obtained for the Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati Railroad, connecting Cleveland and Cincinnati by the way of Columbus.

None of the roads were built under these charters. The financial panic of
1837 swept them all into oblivion, together with a multitude of other roads
projected throughout the country. Some of them were heard of no more, and
others were revived in after years, the charters greatly amended, and the roads
eventually built. The design of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad
Company was eventually carried out to the extent of building a line to Colum-
bus and there connecting with railroads extending to Cincinnati. The Cleveland,
Warren and Pittsburgh charter was dug up, amended, and made authority for
organization of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, whilst the original route
was mainly occu[»ied by the new Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad.

The Cleveland and Bedford was at last rendered unnecessary by the Cleveland
and Pittsburgh passing over its route, whilst the Cleveland and Xewburgh reap-
pears as a street railroad, for passengers only, the original design of a local
railroad for freight being abandoned thirty odd years ago.

In 18-io, the lapsed charter of the Cleveland, Colombas and Cincinnati Railmad
Company was revived, revised, and a new company organizi'd, with John W .
Allen, Richard Ililliard, John M. Woolsey and II. B. Payne as Cleveland dir.Tt'<rs,
and John W. Allen as president. Between tin- organiz-alion of the company and
the construction of the road there was a wide gulf of dithculties, jealousies and
enmities, bridged over at last by untiring perseverance and unwavering luitl! \n
the final success of the undertaking. The story of the struggle is told inciden-
tally in the biograpliical sketches of those connected with the enterprise. All
that we have to do here is, to briefly sketch the leading features in the narrativu
as it has been aln-ady told, after a careful examination of the documentary

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. -JS.')

history of tlie company. That account says the incorporation of the couipany
had beoa obtuinwl in the year 1845, with a proviso authorizing the city of ("hvc-
land to suhscrilio two millions of dollars to the stock. The bonds of tlic <ity
were promptly ^iven, but before any money could be obtained upon these bomlH
it was necessary that a further subscription should be ma<ie by the citizens, n<'t
only to meet the current expenses, but to give assurance to capitalists abroad
that the people here were really in earnest, and would not suffer the undertaking:
to fall through. After a thorough canvass of the city, by two well known and
respected citizens, it was found that not more than twenty-five thousand <lollars
could be obtained. There was both a scarcity of cash and a lack of faith in
the enteri)rise.

John M. Woolsey was sent to Cincinnati to negotiate the city bonds with the
Ohio liife and Trust Company ; to Pittsburgh to ascertain upon what terms iron
could bo obtained ; and to Philadelphia and New York to enlist the sympatliy and
help of capitalists. The mission was a failure. The common strap iron of that day
could not be obtained without cash on delivery, and the money could not be procured
on any terms. Cleveland was too far off, and entirely unknown to the moneyed men
of the eastern cities. Thus, in the Spring of 1S47, one of the very darkest i)oriods
in our history, it was determined to abandon the enterprise for the time, and await
a more favorable season.

In this desperate extremity Mr. Hilliard and Mr. Payne volunteered another and
last effort of three months personal labor to arouse their fellow citizens to a proper
sense of the importance and ultimate value of this grand undertaking. By patient
perseverance they succeeded in securing a leading subscription of five thousand
dollars from Leonard Case, who also consented to become a director of the company.
The ultimate result of the solicitations was the subscription of about ^40,000 addi-
tional to the amount previously pledgeil. About the same time an accession of the
utmost importance was made when Alfred Kelley, of Columbus, accepted the presi
dency of the road, contrary to his inclination to retire from further public duties
and to the strong remonstrances of las personal friends. Through the intluenco of
Mr. Dwight, of Springfield, Mass., the dirtctors secured the services of Captain Childs.
well known among Eastern capitalists as a skillful engineer, and his endorsement
of the company did much to advance its cre<lit abroad. But it was still necessary
to secure a large disi>osal of stock at honu-, and to etiect this, a liberal additional
assessment upon the friends of the road was muLle and aocei)ted. Mr. Chihls finally
recommended Mr. Ilarbeck, who, in company with Stilhaan Witt and Amasa Stone.
Jr., undertook and carried out the building of the road to its completion.

In February, I80I, the first ihrougii train arrived from Columbus, bringing the

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MlKfif! •,;;''iii'/ ~l/i Irt^^i'yyui hunt ^ ,).

286 CLEVELAXn, PAST AND PRESENT:

State authorities an.l tho r..'jri.Iatun'. t.. cfl.-l.rat.. tlu- union of tlie two cities. Thus
the Cleveland, Columbus and Ciucinnall liailruad was the pioneer of the series of the
now enlarged, and most imp-.rtant eater^Tises so eleariy identified with the growth
of the city. The chairman ot the l)uildinK cmmuiltee stated at the opening of the
new depot, that during the entire buihling of that read, there was not a dollar paid
as a bribe to eitlier the Legislature or the City Council, to receive their favors.

The terminus of the road at Cleveland was originally intended to be on Scninton's
Flats, but it was afterwards determined to bring the road across the river to the
site of the old New England House. Appreciating the importance of extending it
to the lake shore, the contractors agreed to grade the road free of charge from
that point to the lake, and it was accordingly carried forward to its present terminus.
In 1869, the road was consolidated with the B.dlefontaine line, thus phicing its
western terminus in Indianapolis. Its southern stem had previously been extended
by way of the Delaware Cut-Off to Springfield, thus openiug another connection with
Cincinnati.

We have already said that the charter of the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburgh
Railroad, after sleeping for several years, was dug up, amended, and the Cleveland
and Pittsburgh Railroad Company organized under it. The resuscitation of the charter
took place in March, 1845, when the route was changed from " the most direct
in the direction of Pittsburgh," to " the most direct, practicable, and least expensive
route to the Ohio river, at the most suitable point." The company organized at
Ravenna, in October of the same year, with James Stewart, of Wellsville, as presi-
dent, A. G. Cattell, as secretary, and Cyrus Prentiss, as treasurer. The route was
surveyed, meetings held in aid of the project, and in July, 1847, the first contracts
let from Wellsville northward, and the work of construction commenced. The
northern end dragged, owing to the slow coming in of subscriptions, and the work
was not fully let until 1849.

In February, 1851, the line was opened from Cleveland to Hudson, and the
General Assembly and State officers who had come to Cleveland to attend the
celebration of the opening of the Cleveland, Columbus and C-Jncinnati Railroad.
' accepted an invitation to ride over the new railroad to Hudson. A short suiiply
of provisions at Hudson, and the ditching of the train on the return trip, ma.W
the weary and hungry legislators long remember their pioneer trip over the unfin-
ished Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad. In March following, the track was com-
pleted to Ravenna, in November to Hanover, at wliich time free passes f.^r "each
stockholder and his lady," and "landholders through whose land the nwl passes.
with their wives," were issued, good for one ride over the line and return, that
they might see the whole of the stupendous undertaking and admire it. In January

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ITS REPRRSEXTATIJ'E MEN. 287

18.T3, countction was made with the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad at Allianci-,
and a route thus opened to Pittsburgh, and in March, of the same year, the liin-
was opened to \Vfll;»ville, and connection with the Ohio river perfected, thuM c'lnj-
pleliiirj the work laid out in the amended charter.

At diflrrent times, subsequently, authority was granted by the General AsscTubly
for the extension of the line and the construction of branches. In this way the
River Division was built, connecting the Wellsville end with Pittsburgh by a junc-
tion with the Ohio and Pennsylvania at Rochester, and with the Baltimore and
Ohio and Central Ohio, by a line to Bellair. The Tuscarawas Branch was built to
New Philadelphia, and there stopped, though its original purpose was to form a
counertion with the Steubenville and Indiana Railroad. Authority was also given
to build a branch from Hudson towards the Ohio and Pennsylvania and any line
running in the direction of Columbus. A separate company afterwards constructed
this " Akron Branch," or Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati Railroad, so far as
Millersburgh: The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad has had a serious financial
struggle to go through, but it has cfmie out as an important and prosperous line.
It is now working under a consolidation of earnings with the Pittsburgh, Fort
Wayne and Chicago, formerly known as the Ohio and Pennsylvania.

The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad Company, now, after several
consolidations and changes of title, forming part of the Lake Shore and Michigan
Southern Railroad Company, was part of the general plan of the Cleveland, Colum-
bus and Cincinnati Railroad, was built under much of the same influence, and has
always been intimately connected with it in its working. The charter was obtained
by special act in 1848, and empowered the corporators to build a line by way of
Painesville, through Ashtabula county, to the Pennsylvania State line, and to con-
tinue their line into that State to any point authorized by the Pennsylvania Legis-
lature. That part of the road extending to Erie, in the State of Penn.sylvania, was
constructed under the charter of the Franklin Canal Company, passed by the Legis-
lature of Pennsylvania, the 31st day of May, 1810, and amended April 9th, 1849,
giving it authority to construct a railroad.

The company was organized August 1st, 184',), l)y the selection of Alfred Kelley.
Samuel L. Seldin. Heman B. Ely, George E. Gillutt. David R. Paige, Laphnor Lake
and Peleg P. Sanford as directors, and Ileman B. Ely as president, and the surveys
from Cleveland were made under the superintendence of Frederick Ilarbeck as chief
engineer, and from the State line to Erie he acted a^ consulting engineer, fiHing
both situations until his death, which occurrrd in the month of February, isol. A
contract for the construction of the road from Clcs-cland to the State line of Penn
sylvania was made with Frederick Ilarbeck, A. Stone, Jr., and Stillman Witt, on

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f!<. .t.iiV/' ;i/ii;'-[r;t,^ ;)ri,,; ,.-{l. ,>'ii(.st« ,A J-i-uhrtli 3Jah»i.v>i'? ifiiw ©fjata

288 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

the 2Gth day of July, IS.'.O, Init the work propresHed slowly for six months after
the contract was concliulrd, priiu-ipally for the ronsou tluit there was no confidence
in the ability of a railroad fnjin Cleveland to Erie or ButFalo to compete with the
lake in the transportation of persons and property, and th(^ contractors expended
more than ^100,000 of their means before a like amount could be raised through
all other sources. In the month of January, 1851, the Hon. Alfred Kelley was
appointed general agent of the company with unlimited authority to raii^e funds
and press forward the work of completion. He entered upon his duties with his
usual indomitable perseverance and energy, fully seconded by the directors and
contractors, and they had the satisfaction of passing a locomotive over its entire
length late in the autumn of the year 1852.

The act conferring authority on the Franklin Canal Company to construct a
railroad from the State line of Ohio to the city of Erie, being regarded by the
Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania as doubtful, they repealed it on the 28th
day of January, 1854. On the 5th day of May, 1850, the Legislature of the State
of Pennsylvania passed an act authorizing the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula
Railroad Company to purchase the road as constructed from the State line to Erie,
and to operate it under the general law of the State of Pennsylvania, passed the
19th day of February, 1849. The history of the Pennsylvania portion of the line
reflects no credit on that State. The petty and vexatious " Erie War " in 1854, by
which a portion of the people of Erie attempted to prevent a through connection of
the road at that place, and the unjustifiable expenses to which the company were
subjected by the Legislature, are blots on the record of that State.

The road was operated jointly with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati
Railroad until April 1st, 1855, when the management was divided. In 18G0, it was
consolidated, first with the Cleveland and Toledo and then with the Michigan
Southern and Bufl'alo and Erie Railroads. The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula
has been one of the most profitable railroads in the country.

The story of the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad Company — one of per-
sistent struggle against apparently insurmountable ditRcultios, is told in great part
in the sketch of the life of Jacob Perkins, to whose labors and sacrifices the
success of the undertaking is in great measure due. The, road was project i-d to
develope more fully the mineral and agricultural resource of Trumbull and .Ma-
honing counties, and to find a market for their products in Pittsburgh or Clevi-
land. Unlike many projected railroads, the fir.-^t object of this line was a local
trade; the through business anticipated was a secondary consideration. The
Company was incorporated in 1851, and the first mt>eting of stockholders h'-ld at
Warren, Trumbull county, in June, 1852, when ^:5<>t).000 local subscriptions were

i^dt m

- . - - . ^^t.

iiVi£ 'fiti /lu si b'Aaij^i'n \<nii ,i«'l}d(,i<ji) hit / J

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■•on no ; ,;; .^.v.!..,,,^ .,,.,,^„, „ ;,, \

•'•'"' '■ '•"■^' ■"'!' -^'^* '•■■' '■y>i^<^ -^'ifi ..fij ,i«i,Uo.iiw

>n Mm,! *-. I/, . •■ ^ '■■ , ■

nS REPRESEXTATIVE MEN. . '.>S!I

n'|h.ri«'tl, Rti(!. it wns iloterininod to survey and prepare ••stiinates for t!i.- rnad.
The ilirf.-t.'rf un(i<T wlioiu tlii.s work was conmuncid wt-n- Jacol) Perkins, Kri'.icii.k
KinsiMfiii all.! CliarlfS Sniitli, of Warren, David Tod, of Younffstowu, I)(i<ll. y
BHidwiii. i)f Cl.v.-Iand, Rnliert Cuuninnruani, of New Castle, and Janus Ma^^'.'e, dt
Philadrlphia. In order to aid the enterprise hv securing connections, they open,.!
ne<,nitia!i.^ns with the Pensylvania and Ohio Railroad, and the Plttsburgli ;uid
Erie Haih-wni, but without success. About the sanie time a contract was mud'-
with the .1 unction Railroad, afterwards mer<xed in the rievehaid and T<jledo Road,
for piircliase of {rround near the mouth of tlie Cuyahoga river, on the west side.
and the riglit of way obtained througli a portion of Ohio City, and through
Scranton's Hill to the west end of the Columbus street bridge, near wliich the
freiglit dr]iot was afterwards established. In 1S5-], the x>rincipal office of the
Conipafiy was removed to Cleveland, which was made the head finarters of the
Company.

After snrvfeying different routes and hesitating over the choice between them,
it was <lecided to build the road from Cleveland, on the West Side, and running
through Scranton's hill to Xewburgh, Bedford, Aurora, Mantua and Warren, fifty-
tliree miles, and thence down the Mahoning Valley to Youngstown and Poland,
to the east line of the State.

Repeated attempts were made to induce the legislature of Pennsylvania to
authori/o an extension of the road in that State, but owing to the opposition of
the Pittsburgh and Erie Railroad, and especially of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and
Chicago Railroad, the desired permission was finally refused. The estimated aggregate
cost of tlie road was about one and three-quarter millions of dollars, and when
the principal contracts for labor and iron were made, there was a very fair
prospect of disposing of the bonds of the company to advantage, and tiius, in
addition to the loans effected in Philadelphia, New York and at home, the means
jO complete the W(jrk were reasonai>ly anticipated. In the Directors' Repm-t of
1854, they w-ere obliged to announce unlooked for embarrassments, growing out of
the altered condition of the money market. The story of the seeming! v hopeless,
"but finally successful, struggle that followed is told in another part of this w<jrk.
At length, in lS.jT, after five or six years of persevi-ring efforts, and most
perplexing difficulties, the road was opened through to Youngstown ; substantial
machine shops were built at Cleveland, station houses erected along the route,
and the coal and iron of the Mahoning Valley were made accessible by a quick
and easy route.

In October, 1^0,:!, the road was leased for ninety-nine \ cars to the Atlnniic and
Great Western Railroad, which had alieady laid a broad "auge uj i n ihe liuck,

vdii-aim !>«/) ,>l'i^ Jf^''^' *"ll nu ,f.iHAf-jv-.tL> i/Trn"t tiioi diU blind <i

(ft it ,«4*nHV/ inui nnh

. ■ . oi

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■:■,' •.'fv.- A >:»r.7 '.Tvil ,■;!)«(/( •^•^^'''■' «'ni Ciii; I'lCifJ no'l v. Jrjf.il «<''?> •

:i-'ii>'.joi) ^, I'll. (f^j-.* Mitt iv. vt.v-o^. '.jiT .)-':-i-ii:{3i \',>(ioi,.i I.

,,.>{i''' >i!'y , ■;^irr/A fi';f::rct 'i'*^lli>.( iM.itjiV

290 CLRVEI.AM), PAST AXD PRESEXT:

That company now controls the nmin line to Younf^i-itown, with tlie several
branches to Hubbard and the cmvl niiin'H. Tht- narrow ^aujje is kept up for the
use of the Mahoninjr trains, fnifrlit and ])assrn(rfr, while the broad gaiifre is
used bv tlie Atlantic and Un-at We^ttTii throii;;-]i trains. The track has Ix-en
extended to the shore of the old river bed, an extensive wharfage established,
and large facilities obtained for connecting the traflic of the road with the lake
commerce.

The Cleveland and Toledo Railroad Company was formed by the consolidation
of two rival and nearly parallel lines. One of the companies thus united, was
incorix»rated as the Junction Railroad Company, and the other by the name of the
Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad Company. The former was incorporated
by an act of the legislature of Ohio, passed on the second day of March, IS-iO ;
and the latter, by an act of the seventh of March, 1850. The Junction Railroad
Company, by its original charter and two amendments, in 18G1, was authori/.ed
to construct a railroad from the city of Cleveland to the west line of the State
by such route as the directors miffht determine, with power to construct branches
to any points within the counties through which the main line might pass. The
charter of the Toledo, Xorwalk and Cleveland Railroad Company, authorized the
construction of a railroad from Toledo, by the way of Morwalk, in the county of
Huron, to a connection with the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati Railroad, at
some point in the counties of Huron or Lorain. The authorized capital stock of
the Junction Company was three millions, and that of the other company, two
millions of dollars.

The consolidation was effected, and the new company organized on the first of
September, A. D. 1S,""»:3, under the specific provisions of the twelfth section of the
amendment to the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad charter, passed on the
first of March, 1850. Under its charter, the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland
Railroad Company constructed a road from the east bank of the Maunife river.
opfKJsite the city of Toledo, to Grafton, where it conut-cts with thr CKveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad, twenty-five miles southwest from tht:' city >>(
Cleveland, being a distance of eighty-seven and one-half miles, all ■•>( v.iiich was
finished and put into operation in January, lS."j:j. This became kn-iwn as the
Southern Division of the Cleveland and Tnledo Railroad.

The Northern Division, or Junction Railroad, was originally inteudid to ran
from Cleveland, west side, via Berea and Sandusky, westward to a po;nt on
the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad some twenty miles wcst
of Toledo, ajid crossing the track of the Toledo. Norwalk and Cleveland Railroad
at a point about eight miles east of the same city. The road was opentnl i^-

h'l '1 Qi\V .xnsuimo'j umriiuH hn^i'jvsJ'j kmi li)

>|V '( X.(0 fxKi- , JJi rji

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'iih hoKiiiid)iin ,\asu^nf"l''J liiso-i'lnH ltiisihtf>>yj hrn;

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■iv.-j .-^fiijijiiio'i iM . ' iai'\K I>n£ /-

to 1«jfi rtift no fv-^xiflBS'KT ■^rtisqmoD yjon sjft bai'~ .h-^i-vi>fi'h fkurn tt<HiaUiio*iiiifa srfT
iMi.iI'.v'jf) S)/i(: aiftv/io"*< ,f>l>9li.T orfj .n!>JiB/Fr> «ti ^^lJf)^TT .0f,8t ,/JyiaM 1u imi

>.i;// il-ii.'./ !.= ]ii; ^<uiu{\ 'ij/jif-mo />«/! Ji-.V'«-vtJt^i') 'to couJ;

ITS REPRESEXTATIFx MEN. L".>1

twcn CU'Vchind and Sandusky and opeiatious comnu-nced up(ui it in th- V-.xU .M
ISr):}, inini.'cliatoly aft<T the consolidation. The original projt'Ct of a K.-panu.- lit;.-
to thi- w.'St was carried out by tlie consfdidatud corporation so far as t(. cnn^inKt
th" roa<l to its intf-rsection with the old Toledo, Norwalk and r'U,-vidar.(l tra.-k,
from which point both lines approached Toledo over the same ji<,rbt of \M\y.
This line was operated over its whole length until the 31st day of Di-i-rinix-r.
ISoS, on which day the use for regular business of that portion lying w.si of
Sandusky was discontinued, and all the through travel and traffic turne.l upon
the Southern Division. On the 30th of July, 185G, a contract was entered into
with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Eailroad Company by which the
Cleveland and Toledo Company acquired the right to use the track of the first
named company from Grafton to Cleveland, for the Southern Division trains, and
from Beri-a to Cleveland for the Northern Division, and thence forward all trains
were run into, and departed from, the Union Depot in Cleveland — a change
which soon resulted in the practical . abandonment, for the time, of that portion
of the Northern Division lying between Berea and Cleveland on the west side of
Cuyahoga river. This arrangement, together with the completion, in IS'to, of a
bridge over the Maumee river at Toledo, enabled the company to receive and
discharge its passengers in union depots at each end of its line. During the
years ISGo and 1860, about eight miles of new road were constructed between
Elyria on the Northera Division, and Oberlin on the Southern Division, for the
purpose of allowing all trains to leave and come upon the Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati Road at Berea, thirteen miles, instead of Grafton, twenty-five miles from
Cleveland. This new piece of road was opened for business on the 10th ot Sep-
tember, ISOG, and the road between Oberlin and (irafton immediately abandoned.
The construction of a bridge near the mouth of the Cuyahoga river at Cleve-
land, brought the Northern Division line bi-tweon Cleveland and Berea once more
into use, and over it the freight trains of the line are now run. In 18(i9, the
company was made part of the consolidated line between Buffalo and Chicago.

The Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, by its lease of the Cleveland and
Mahoning Railroad, has become an important part of the Cleveland railroad system.
The company was organized in IS.ll, as the Franklin and Warren Railroad Com-
pany, to build a road from Franklin Mills (now K.-nt) in Portage County, to Warren,
in Trumbull county, with power to eKten<l to a [wiint in the eastern line of the
State, northeast of Warren and southwesterly to Dayton, Ohio. In July, 18.13, opera-
tions were actively commenced a'.ong the wlii-b- line, but were soon seriously retarded
by financial embarrassments. In 1S.".4, the Franklin and Warren Railroad Company.
under authoritv of an Act of the (i enteral Ass-iubly of IS.V], changed its ua!i:e tc

«!t

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->',':;n •" i'M^ffii.h .IC'r*,' ''■■' vliii'l-'i/. ;,v,.;.W .,.;; ,,, j.

292 CLEl'ELAXl), PAST AND PRESEN'I :

tlie Atlantic auJ Great Wi'sttrn liuilroad Coinpauy. Two years before, a project had
been started to extend tlie broad jrauge of tLe Ohio and Mississippi Railroad
through Ohio, northeastern Pennsylvania and soutliwestern New York, to connect
with the New York and Eric Kail road. This route would run through Meadville,
Pennsylvania, Warren, Kent, Akron and Gali<:)n to Dajton, Oliio. In 1858, the Mead-
ville Railroad Company changed tlu;ir name to the Atlantic and Great Western
Railroad Company of Pennsylvania. In lSo9, a company was organized in the State
of New York, under the name of the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad in New
York, and purchased in 1800 of the New York and Erie Railroad Company thirty-
eight miles of their road, from Salamanca to near Ashville. These thirty-eight miles
with eleven miles of new line, make up the entire length of line of this road in
the State of New York. Each of the above companies made contracts for the build-
ing of their respective roads.

In the Fall of 18o8, negotiations were commenced in I-ondon with James Mcllenry,
for the means to carry on the work. T. W. Kennard, a civil engineer, cam.e over
as the attorney of Mr. McHenry, and engineer in cliief of the whole work. In 18rr2,
the road was opened from Corry to Meadville, Pennsylvania. In 1803, it was
extended to Warren, and in the nest year to Ravenna and Akron — 202 miles from
Salamanca.

In October, 1803, the three companies above named, leased for ninety-nine years,
the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad,- extending from Clt^veland soutiierly to
Youngstown, Ohio, sixty-seven miles. This road has a narrow gauge track crossing
the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad at Leavittsburgh, Ohio, fifty miles south
of Cleveland. The Atlantic and Great Western Company laid a rail on either side
of the narrow track, thus carrying the broa<I gauge into Cleveland, and a broad
gauge train from the city of New York entered Cleveland on the evening of
November 3d, 18G3, Subsequently the several companies forming the Atlantic and
Great Western line were consolidated into one line, and this again was, in ISOO.
consolidated with the Erie Railway.

Besides opening a new and important thoroughfare to the East, this line has
opened up to Cleveland the resources of northwestern Pennsylvania, and in the
oil product has added an immense and highly profitable trade to the busineas of
the city.

Several lines have been built, connecting with and adding business to tlie rail-
roads leading to Cleveland, but of these it is not the province of this work to
si)eak. A large num1)er of new railroads have been from time to time projected
in various directions. Some of these '"paper railroads" have intrinsic nu-ril, an<l
these, or lines aiming at the same objects, will eventually be built.

-t>ii;nii uiiJ ;i.ii «j;>«H.:k>:) i>b(iia $'ji<wniui>^ H'f'Xlfi f'^f*

«« A- .ri ,};;v8r ftl
/ir.n^ ft::.Irm i;Oe--.

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. fit vfTiiltiJOSi jHfjjl-.iV-^i') ii'.'.Vi ik^n!0jia)7<> -.{MioT;',') 5i i>.«i<!uifflM ''

r-i-:\ :.;i'l vl^^). Jr;i;3 ••tf? "^^ f>((A V/«JO ft "

i.'.-l-ri;inq ; :i!ii o1 •xnij ;i'inl cfcuf ;j7S(( »il»fif'Tiu::i Y.">a 1o t'Klmna •■■
l.[i/; ..l!'i-'ii; ■il;(ii!l(ir 'tvini v'yijui ' n^. ij(j "(o .'Jdii,-*: .>■,

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•'"*»» ■ j,V»-*

ITX REPRESENTATIVE MEN. ■.'■);;

JACOB PERKIiNS.

Ja»-<>l» L'crkiiis was born at Warren, Trumbull county, Oliio, Sep-
tiMubor 1st, JSl>l>, being next to the youngest of the children of Gen.
yiiMou Perkins, one of the earliest and most prominent business men
of nortliern Oliio, a land agent of large business, and the owner of
extensive tracts of land In his early years Jacob Perkins develofjed
a strong inclination for study, acciuiring knowledge with unusual
facility, and gratifying his intense passion for reading useful works
by every means Avitliin his power.

He commenced fitting himself for college at the Burton Academy,
then under the direction of Mr. II. L. Hitchcock, now president of
Western Reserve College, and completed his preparation at ]\Iiddle-
town, Connecticut, in the school of Isaac Webb. He entered Yale
College in 1S37.

While in college he was distinguished for the elegance of his style
and the wide range of his literary acquirements. He delivered the
philosophic oration at his junior exhibition, and was chosen second
editor of " Yale Literary Magazine,'' a position in which he took great
interest, and filled to the satisfaction and pride of his class. His
college course was, however, interrupted by a long and severe illness
before the close of his junior year, wdiich compelled him to leave his
studies and (to his permanent regret) prevented him from graduating
with his own class. He returned the following year and was gradu-
ated with the class of 1S42.

He entered his father's office at Warren, and was occupied with
its business until, upon the death of his father, some tw^o years after-
wards, he became one of his executors.

During his residence at Warren he appeared occasionally before
home audiences as a public speaker, and always with great
acceptance.

In politics, he early adopted strong anti-slavery principles, then
not the popular doctrine, and they were always freely and openly
advocated. Of an address delivered in 1S4S, which was published
and attracted very considerable local attention, the editor of the
Chronicle remarked, '* We have listened to the best orators of the

;ij^;J

'Jiil .Ir. 9:126 i

thjn btrMi'Hniiioo oH

i/i1v!'K*>; JiOoOli'.) ^CV7 hiiR

ciiirt, RKt ,);; jtioiJfno oil

0.'

.«lOi tr-

caoil

294 CLEl'EL.IXlJ, PAST AND PRESENT:

land, from the Connecticut to tlic ^Mississippi, and can truly say, ))y
none have we been so thoroui^hly deli^lited in every particular as by
(his efibrt of our distin.^uislied townsman." The oration discussed
the true theory of human rights and the legitimate powers of human
government — and the followini^ extract gives the spirit of his political
principles on the subject of slavery:

The object of law is not to make ri^^lits, but to define and maintain tliem ; man
possesses them before the existence uf hiw, the same as he does afterwards. No matter
what government may extend its ccjntrol over him ; no matter how miserable or how
sinful the mother in whose arms his eyes opened to the day ; no matter in what hovel
his infancy is nursed : no matter what complexion — an Indian or an African sun may
have burned upon him, this may decide the privileo;es which he is able to assert, but can
not affect the existence of his rights. His self-mastery is the gift of his creator, and
oppression, only, can take it away.

Without solicitation he was nominated and elected a member of
the Convention that framed the present Constitution of Ohio. His
associates from the district were Judges Peter Hitchcock and R. P.
Ranney, and although " he was the youngest member but one of the
Convention — and in the minority, his influence and position were
excelled by few.''

He was one of the Senatorial Presidential Electors for Ohio on the
Fremont ticket in 1S56.

In the intellectual progress of the young about him, and the
building up of schools and colleges, he took especial interest. He
first suggested and urged upon President Pierce to adopt the condi-
tions of the present "Permanent Fund of Western Reserve College,"
rather than to solicit unconditional contributions, which experience
had proved were so easily absorbed by present necessities, and left
the future as poor as the past. In connection w ith his brothers, he
made the first subscription to that fund. The eml)arrassment arising
from his railroad enterprise prevented him from increasing that con-
tribution. The wisdom of his suggestions was subsequently shown,
when, during the rupture and conseo,^uent embarrassment under wliich
the college labored, the income of this fund had a very important, if
not vital share in saving it from abandonment, and afterwards proved
the nucleus of its present endowment.

He was always efficient in favoring improvements. He was associ-
ated with Hon. F. Kinsman and his brother in founding the Vieautiful
Woodland Cemetery at Warren. The land was purchased and the
ground laid out by them, and then transferred to the present cor-
poration.

;i;il} .oiiiO

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. ill .
iMUa-j '-Mil' .i.<Jiit't Ir.il} 03 £1

•uf'J.' 1-yhhif iHMni^;:y;-t'iii('lino )iv>.

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEW -JOr.

Soon al'ter his returu Iroiu the Coiistitutiuiial Cunvnitirm, hr
l)iM':uiie interested in the Cleveland and Mahoniiii,- liailrou.i. lie
was most inllueiitial in obtaining the charter and or.u'anizin- th.-
omnpany, ol" which lie was elected president, and became the ].rinci-
pal, almost sole linanciai manager.

Owing to prior and conllicting railroad interests, little aid couhl
be obtained for his project in either of the terminal cities, Clevehuid
and l'itt<burgh, and the work was commenced in 185;:^. with a com-
paratively small stock snbscription. A tightening money market
prevented any considerable increase of the stock list, or a favorable
disposition of the bonds of the road, and the financial crisis a few
vears afterwards so rednced the value of the securities of this, as of
alUmfinished railroads, as practically to shut them out of the market.
In this emergency the alternative presented itself to Mr. Perkins
and his resident directors, either to abandon the enterprise and bank-
rupt the company, with the entire loss of the amount expended, or
to push it forward to completion by the pledge, and at the risk of
their private fortunes, credit, and reputations.

In this, the darkest day of the enterprise, Mr. Perkins manifested
his confidence in its ultimate success, and his generous willingness to
meet fully his share of the hazard to be incurred, by proposing to
them jointlv with him, to assume that risk; and agreeing that in case
of disaster, he would himself pay the first §100,000 of loss, and there-
after share it equally with them.

With a devotion to the interests entrusted to them, a determina-
tion rarelv equalled in the history of our railroad enterprises, they
unanimously accepted this proposition, and determined to complete
the road, at least to a remunerative point in the coal fields ot the

Mahoning Y alley.

The financial storm was so much more severe and longer continued
than the wisest had calculated upon, that for years the result was
re-arded bv them and the friends of the enterprise with painful
suspense. In the interest of the road .A[r. Perkins spent the Spring
of 1S54 in England, without achieving any important financial results.

At lengtlCin 1S5G, the road was opened to Young-town, and its
receipts, clrefully husbanded, began slowly to lessen the floating debt,
bv that time grown to frightful proportions, and carried solely by the
pledge of the^private property and credit of the president and Ohio
directors. These directors, consi>ting of Hon. Frederick Kinsman
and Charles Smitl^, of ^Yarren, Governor Uavid Tod, of Briar Hill,
Judge Keaben Hitchcock, of PainesviUe, and Dudley Baldwin, of

'In ^-.!

f>fit to V

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j<<.il S-. :!«V!I"1cji.j:^ ,

296 CLEVELAND, PAST AXD PRKSEyT:

Cleveland, by the Iroe use of llieir widely known and liigh business
eredit, wilhout dislrusl or dissension, sustained the president through
that, long and severe trial, a trial which can never be realized except
by those who shared its burdens. The president and these directors
should ever be held in honor by the stockholders of the company,
whose investment they saved from utter loss, and by the business
men of tlie entire :\Iahoning Valley, and not less by the city of Cleve-
land; for the mining and manufacturing interests developed by their
exertions and sacrifices, lie at the very foundation of the present
prosperity of both.

Before, however, the road was enabled to free itself from financial
embarrassment, so to as commence making a satisfactory return to
the stockholders, wdiich Mr. Perkins was exceedingly anxious to see
accomplished under his own presidency— his failing health compelled
him to leave its active management, and he died before the bright
day dawned upon the enterprise.

He said to a friend during his last illness, with characteristic dis-
tinctness : " If I die, you may inscribe on my tomb stone, Died of the
Mahoning Railroad ;" so great had been his devotion to the interests
of the road, and so severe the personal exposures which its supervision
had required of him, who was characteristically more thoughful of
every interest conllded to his care, than of his own health.

He was married October 24th, 1S50, to Miss Elizabeth O. Tod,
daughter of Dr. J. I. Tod, of Milton, Trumbull county, Ohio, and
removed his family to Cleveland in 1S56. Of three children, only one,
Jacob Bishop, survives him. Mrs. Perkins died of rapid consumption,
June 4th, 1S57, and his devoted attention at the sick bed of his wife
greatly facilitated the development of the same insidious disease,
which\vas gradually to undermine his own naturally vigorous con-
stitution.

The business necessities of his road, embarrassed and pressing as
they were, united with his uniform self-forgetfulness, prevented his
giving attention to his personal comfort and health, long after his
tViends saw the shadow of the destroyer falling upon his path. He
was finally, in great prostration of health and strength, compelled to
leave the active duties of the road and spent the latter part of tlie
Winter of 1S57-S in the Southern States, but returned in the Spring
with little or no improvement. He continued to fail; during the
Summer and in the Fall of 185S he again went South in the vain hope
of at least physical relief, and died in Havana, Cuba, January 12th,
1859. His remains were embalmed and brought' home by his phy-

■'■'(7/0 s:! 'K'i i;)^f{/t',M;; : ^'i' V;^

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i,f''!'i:' oi^i] if'i I. ■.ni-jf;; ■•.!■; ni \ .>'.':^\r'jH m^dhn^fi (idi ni ?-.To>-i ^i'

ITS REFRESEXTATIJE MEW '2\):

si<-ian, who iui.l ufcoDipanied biiu— and were iiiteiTeil ;il Warren. \n
Woodlaii.l (.\-inetery, wiiore so many ol'iiis faiiiily repcj.se around him.
A speeial train from either entl of the Cleveland and .Mah.^iiin- l^dl-
road hrou-hl the hoard of directors and an unusually lar-e numb.-r
of lousiness and personal friends to join the long procession whicli
followed '' the last of earth" to its resting place.

One of the editorial notices of his death, at the time, verv justlv
remarks of him:

He was a man of murk, and tltrough strengtli of talent, moral firmness and uri.auity
of manner, wi.-Uled an inllin-noe seldom possessed by a man of his years. In addition i"<.
his remarkable business capacity, .Mr Perkins was a man of hi^rh literary taste, v.hich
was constantly improvinor and enrichin^r his mind. He contiuued%ven amid Lis p'ressin-
business enjra^rements, his habits of study and oeneral readinV Mr. Perkins belon-d
to that exceptional class of cases in which great wealth, inherited, does not injure "he
recipient.

An editorial of a Warren paper, mentioning his death, says :

He was born in this tONvn in lS2I,and from his boyhood exhibited a mental capacity
and energy which was only the promise of the brilliancy of his manhood. To his exei*-
tion, his personal influence and liberal inve.«tment of capital the country is indebted f.-.r
the Cleveland and Mahoning Kailroad. To his unremitting labor in this enterprise he
has sacrificed personal comfort and convenience, and we fear, shortened his davs by his
labors and ex[)osure in bringing the work to completion. Known widely as Mr. Perkins
has been by his active part in public enterprises, his loss will be felt throughout the State,
but we who have known him both as boy and man, have a deeper interest in him. and the
sympathies of the people of Warren, with his relatives, will have much ot the nature of
personal grief for one directly connected with them.

Said a classmate in the class meeting of 1S62:

Although his name on the catalogue ranks with the class of 1842, his affections wt-ro
with us, and he always regarded himself of our number. He visited New Haven fre-
quently during the latter part of his life, in connection with a railwav enteriirisf, in
which he was interested, and exhibited the same largeheartedness and intellectual
superiority which won for him universal risp<'.;i durijig his college course.

A gentleman who knew Mr. rerkins intimately, and as a direct(»r
was associated ^yith him in the construction of the Cleveland and
Mahoning Railroad, and in carryin- its del»t, wrote of him as follows :

The management and construction "f the <M'-vi'Iand and Mahoning Kailmad bv Mr.
Perkins, under circumstances the most ditllcult and irying, were well calculati-d to ti-st
his p<jwers, and, in that work he prove<i hiintii-if |«.^.*i.s.<e<l of business capacity ranlv
equalled, sustained by unquestioned inti-Lrray, and nir.arkabb- tncrgv. The.--e iiualiti'-a-
tions, united with his large wealth, gave hiui tii.' r.-,jU!-'it.<- iiitlueneu with business men
and capitalists. His devotion to the iuterer.ts ol tl.... r-.ad, his aliidino- co.nfiden'-e in a

. ' ,.,-1 IjlJfSMJl! il I: )t;'!-.i>. l.r . ,;'''.^ .;:' ■■ • " I ', ^ i- . J i:>' 1 lii /1V< . ' ; >• i M r ;i'i f'^.-f K!;7/ ^H

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,' . " , . . , . ' ■ ' i

208 CLEl'liLAXl), I'AST AND PRESENT:

favorable result, aud Lis clear and just appreciation of its value, and importance to the
community, called forili his best etlbrts, and were essential conditions of success. To
him more than to any other individual are the projection, inaurjuration, and accomplish-
ment of this enterprise attributable. From its earliest projection, he had a most compre-
hensive and clear view of its importance to the city of Cleveland aud the Mahoniii^f
Valley, and confidently auticiiiated for tliem, in the event of its completion, a rapidity
and extent of development and prosperity, which were then regarded as visionary, but
which the result has fully demonstrated.

His life was spared to witness only the commencement of this prosperity, nor can it
be doubted, that his close application, and unremitting' efforts to forward the work short-
ened his life materially. His deep and absorbing interest in it, prevented the precau-
tionary measures and relaxations, which in all probability would have prolontred his life
for years. His associates in the board saw the danger and urged him to earlier and more
decided measures for relief. He too was aware of their importance. But the constant
demand upon his time and strength, and the continually recurring necessities of the
enterprise, which he had so much at heart, were urgent, and so absorbed his thoughts
and energies, that he delayed until it was obvious that relaxation could aftbrd merely
temporary relief.

In his intercourse with the board, Mr. Perkins was uniformly courteous aud gentle-
manly, always giving res{)ectful attention to the suggestions of his associates, but ever
proving himself thoroughly posted; readily comprehending the most judicious measures,
end clearly demonstrating their wisdom. Entire harmony in the action of the directcjis
was the result, and all had the fullest confidence in him. While his business capacity
aud integrity commanded their highest admiration, his urbanity, kindness and marked
social qualities secured their strong personal attachment, and by them his decease was.
regarded as a se.ere personal affliction, as well as a great public loss.

Thus is briefly noticed, one who dying comparatively early, had
given evidence of great business capacity, as well as tlie promise of
unusual power and popularity with the people of his own State, and
nation.

WILLIAM CASK

^ A workprofes.'sing to give sketches, however brief and incomplete,
of the representative men of Cleveland, would be manifestly defec-
tive did it omit notice of the late William Case, a gentleman of ster-
ling worth aud great popularity, who w:i^^ ideiitiruMl witli muc!i ol the
material progress of the city, v>-ho had a host of deeply altached
friends while living, and whose memory is cherished with alfectionate
esteem.

ii rt/J'i

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5.": « :»',a.^-,>:>;j atji

Alois an

:iaAO MAIJJlVf

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ITS REPRESENTATU E MEX. .jj».,

William Cust- was born to prosperity, but this, which lo very manv
has proved the ;^rcatest misCortune of their lives, was lo him no o\i!,
but, on fhe roiilrary, a good, inasmuch as it gave him opportunity lor
gratilying his liberal tastes, and his desire to advance the -oncral
wellare. From his lather, Leonard Case, he inherited an extiuordi-
nary business capacit3% indomitable energy, and strong common
sense, with correct habits. To these inherited traits he added an
extensive knowledge, acquired both from books and men, and made
practical by keen observation, and liberal ideas, which he carried into
his business and social affairs. In all relations of life he was ever a
gentleman, in the true meaning of the word, courteous to all, the
rich and the poor alike, and with an instinctive repugnance to every-
thing mean, oppressive or hypocritical. With regard to himself, he
was modest to a fault, shrinking from everything that might by any
possibility be construed into ostentation or self-glorification. Tliis
...'.tribute the writer of these lines,— who owed him nothing but friend-
ship, and who was in no way a recipient of any favor from him, other
than his good will,— is glad of an opportunity to pay, and this testi-
mony to his good qualities, falls short of the facts.

William Case takes his place in this department of our work by
virtue of the fact that he was an early friend to the railroad enter-
prises of Cleveland. He contributed largely to the Cleveland,
Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad, and for four years and a half,
until xVugust, 18.58, was president of that company. Under his man-
agement the railroad prospered and paid large dividends, and when he
left that position it was with the regret of all his subordinates, whose
esteem had been won by his kindness and courtesy.

But it was not alone as a railroad man that Mr. Case won for him-
self the title to a ijlace among the leading representative men of the
city. He grew up vv'itli Cleveland, and was alive to the interests of
the growing city. Xo scheme of real improvement but found a friend
in him. He was energetic in forwarding movements for bettering
the condition of the streets; he took a leading part in the location
and establisliinent of the Water Works. Anxious to etfect an im-
provement in the business architecture of the city, in which Cleve-
land was so lar behind cities of less pretension, he projected and car-
ried on far towards completion the Case Block, which stands to-day
the largest and most noticeable business building in the city, and
which contains one of the finest pulilic halls in the West. Mr. Case
died before completion of the building, Avhicli uni"oreseen dilliculties
made of great cost, but his plans so far as known — including some

G Yfi 7- Off in ?.(iU ndtf Uiw .<

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«« f.KV/ •;)(! J.'iill J-

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■(r.i>:\ lo'l now ^>?!;;0 .iIT h:ii' c^nni bpyO'tluyi n es onoJ/, loa ?-.

I'i'-vii't i; baijo't jrjj ;h'!«n.)!'>'?o-i(]nii Inei 'to 9fir>ff'?8 o/^ .

■iiu {!»■: it'j<^"Ji^ 01 <i;i!oi:/a/. .p>!7(T'V/ ifiJ/iW eifl '!<■

tlR

vj:ij-(.t yh'Aii'iH il-yuhr /A-)i}\'d -:>^n'j tiiij noi tolqiiioj ^inrrA'o:) i/;"

tuiL ..V no 'm{1 J-ii LlJti(>li(lW J'^'MjUiJJtJ '.ti THOifl f.MTfJ

0>i.r.'J .'il/l J*<'jV7 0J|«' ft! 'Jlcil '^iidlM'J J. , ., ■ > - .

300 CLErELJXl), I'.IST .1X1) PIU'.SENT:

of great i^enerosity, such as tlio donation of a line suite of rooms to
the Cleveland Library Association — have been faithfully carried out.

In 1S40, ]\[r. Case was elected niendx'r of the (^ity Council from the
Second Ward, and served in that position lour years. In that body
he was noted for his advocac}' of every measure tending to tlie
improvement of the city, and the development of its industrial and
commercial resources.

In the Spring of 1850, he was nominated, on the "Whig ticket, for
mayor of Cleveland, and was elected by a large majority, against a
strong Democratic ox)ponent, his personal popularity being shown by
his running ahead of his ticket. His administration was marked with
such energy, ability and i)ublic si)irit, that in the following year — the
oflice tlien being annually elective — he was re-elected by an increased
majority, and ran still further ahead of his ticket.

In 1852, the Whig convention for the Nineteenth Congressional
District, vrhich then included Cuyahoga county, assembled at I'aines-
ville, under the presidency of Hon. Peter Hitchcock. Mr. Case was
there nominated for Congress by acclamation, and the canvass was
carried on by tlie Whigs with great enthusiasm. But the Democracy
and the Free Soil party were against him, and under the excitement
growing out of anti-slavery agitation, the Free Soil candidate, lion.
Edward Wade, was elected, though closely pressed by Mr. Case.
From that time ]Mr. Case, who was not in any respect a politician, and
who had at no time a desire or need for office, took no active part in
politics.

Mr. Case did not possess a strong constitution, and early in life his
medical attendant reported against his being sent to college, as the
application would be too severe a strain on his health. In accordance
with the advice then given, he devoted much attention to hunting,
fishing, and to horticultural and agricultural pursuits. But these were
insufhcient to save him, and he died April 10th, 18G2, whilst yet in
the prime of life, being but forty years old.

Uuiiii^-'y^

/(Uiiuy) /ii;o(ij:;yiiO h-.l

•■■ ) July. ■yii^u vn;;''! liOiT. ay.'

!■ n '..:)is)-;'>r; ill. ..ii.?':.:od ?:i:i ,:c filinJ-; ii otjvl. .

. '.■>■,.' -xoAi ';^'i .-iM! 'if/q iii-n ;!))• i Ji;f; Iifii, i(;'iiit(if;''rjnofl

ITS REl'RESENTATll'E MEW ."ol

AMASA STONE, Jll.

Cons])U'uons amoiiii- the railroad managers connected with Clove-
land, indeed occnpyinn; a prominent position in the list of tlie rail-
road magnates of the country, is the name of Amasa Stone, Jr. The
high po.-ition lie has attained, and the ?,-ealth he has secured, are the
rewards of his own perseverance, industry, and foresight; every dollar
he has earned represents a material benefit to the public at large in
the increase of manufacturing or traveling facilities.

Mr. Stone was born in the town of Charlton, Worcester county,
Massachusetts, April 27th, 1S18. He is of Puritan stock, the founder
of the American branch of the family having landed at Boston in
lGo2, from the ship Increase, which l)rought a colony of Puritans from
England. The first settlement of the family was at \Yaltham. ■ The
father of ^Mr. Stone, also named Amasa, is now^ alive, hale and hearty,
at the age of ninety years.

Young Amasa Stone lived with his parents and worked upon the
farm, attending the town district school in its sessions, until he was
seventeen years old, wdien he engaged with an older brother for tlireo
years, to learn the trade of a builder. His pay for the first year was
to be forty dollars, increasing ten dollars yearly, and to furnish his
own clothing. At the end of the second year, thinking he could dt)
better, he purchased the remainder of his time for a nominal sum, and
from that time Avas his owm master. In the Wiiiter of ISoT-S, he
attended the academy of Professor Bailey, in Worcester, Mass., having
saved sufficient from his small wages to pay the expenses of a single
term.

His first work on his own account was a contract to do the joiner
work of a house building by Col. Temple, at Worcester. The work
was done, and in part payment he took a note of a manuiacturing
firm for 3130; within a few months the lirm failed, the note became
worthless, and the first earnings of the young builder were lost. That
note Mr. Stone still preserves as a memento.

The following year, at the age of twenty, he joined his two older
brothers in a contract for the construction of a church ediiire in the
town of East Brooklield, ^lass. In tiio succeeding year, lS;>n, he
engaged with his brother-indaw, Mr. William Howe, to act as foreman

(ff

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-i'i h:ifr!n f-l iia'' „7i- •■,■. .■.'Sufi ii-;>j ;:;ii;^(: ■f.Mrj: .-<-;i;'!.:i^ vt'f;>i -^if c1
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■ "•■■'■• '^ ■ ^ .• ■■ ..- '. ., , , ,':''- -^r-;

302 CLEVELAXl), PAST AND PRESENT:

in the erection of two cliurch edifices and several dwelling-houses in
AV^arren, Mass.

During this time Mr. Howe was engaged in x»erfecting his invention
of what is known as tlie Howe truss l)ridgo. After securing his patent
Mr. Howe contracted to ])nild the suiverstructure of the bridge across
the Connecticut river, at iSpringtield, for the Western Eailroad Com-
pany. Mr. Stone engaged with him in tliis work. During a part of
the first year he was employed on the foundations of the structure in
the bed of the river. Thereafter until the year 1S42, he was employed
constantly by Mr. Howe in the erection of railway and other bridges,
and railway depot buildings. In the Winter of lS-11, his duties were
most trying and arduous. About a thousand lineal feet of bridging
on the Western Railroad, in the Green Mountains, had to be com-
pleted, and Mr. Stone and his men were called upon to carry the
work through. In some locations the sun could scarcely be seen, the
gorges were so deep and narrow, while during a large portion of the
time the thermometer ranged below zero. But the work was success-
fully completed.

In the year 1S42, he formed a copartnership with Mr. A. Boody,
and purchased from Mr. Howe his bridge patent for the New England
States, including all improvements and renewals. Subsequently an
arrangement was concluded with jNIr. D. L. Harris, under the name of
Boody, Stone & Co., for the purpose of contracting for the construc-
tion of railways, railway bridges, and similar work, the mechanical
details generally to be under the charge of Mr. Stone. In the year
1845, Mr. Stone was appointed superintendent of the New Haven,
Hartford and Springfield Railroad, he, however, still continuing his
partnership in the firm of Boody, Stone & Co., and the business of the
firm becoming so heavy that within a year from the time of his ap-
pointment he resigned his office as superintendent.

Circumstances occurred previous to his appointment that may 1)e
worthy of remark. The purchase of the bridge patent, before alluded
to, was for the sum of forty thousand dollars, to be paid in annual
instalments. A few years after the purchase some defects showed
themselves in the bridges that had been erected on this plan, and
many prominent engineers had come to the conclusion that it was
not superior to, if it equalled, the truss plan of Col. Long, the arch
and truss of Burr, or the lattice plan of Ithial Towne, and the tirm
of Boody, Stone S: Co. began to fear that they had made a bad bargain
in the purchase of the patent. Mr. Stone, in relating the incident to
a friend, said : " I came to the conclusion that something must be

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done or there must be a failure, and it must not be a failure. 'Ilu-
niglit followinii; was a sleeijless one, at least until three d'clock in
the morning. I thought, and rolled and tumbled, until tinu' aiul
again I was almost exhausted in my inventive thouglits, and in <Uv-i>:iir,
when at last an idea came to my mind that relieved me. I perlc'cted
it in my mind's eye, and then came to the conclusion that it would m.t
only restore the reputation of the Howe bridge, but would prove to
be a better combination of wood and iron for bridges than then
existed, and could not and would not in principle be improved upon.
Sleep inmiediately came. I afterwards, with models, proved my con-
clusions and have not, up to this time, changed them." It seems that
the invention consisted in the introduction of longitudinal keys and
clamps in the lower chords, to prevent their elongation, and iron
socket bearings instead of w^ooden for the braces and bolts, to avoid
compression and shrinkage of the timber, which was the great defect
in the original invention, and the adoption of single instead of double
intersection in the arrangement of the braces, th? latter being the
arrangement in the original invention.

In the autumn of 1S46, an incident occurred that may be worthy
of notice. On the Ittth day of October, when walking in Broadway.
New York, Mr. Stone met the president of the New Haven, Uartford
and Springfield Railroad, who had in his hand a telegram, stating that
the bridge across the Connecticut river at Enfield Falls, one-fourth of
a mile long, had been carried away by a hurricane. The president
asked the advice of Mr. Stone, who stated that the timber for that
structure was furnished by Messrs. Campbell vt Moody, of that city.
and advised that he order it duplicated at once. The president, a very
faithful officer, but disinclined to take responsibilities, asked .Mr.
Stone to take the responsibility of ordering it. Mr. Stone replied.
" Not unless I am president." The timber was, however, ordered, and
at the request of the president, ^fr. Stone went immediately with him
to Springfield, where a committee of the board was called together,
and he was asked to propose terms, and the shortest time upon wliirh
his firm would contract to complete tlie bridge. He stated that his
terms would be high, as the season Avas late and would likely be
unfavorable before so heavy a work could be completed, and further
suggested that if they chose to appoint him manager of the work,
he would accept and do the best he could for them. He was immedi-
ately appointed sole manager of the work, and the board placed at
his control all the resources of the company. The work w^as immedi-
ately commenced by bringing to the site men and material, and it

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304 CLEIEL.IXJ), PAST AXD PRESENT:

was completed, and a loromotive and liain of cars run across it by
Mr. Stone within I'orty day.> from the day the order was given for its
erection. Tlie structure consisted of seven spans of seventy-seven
feet each, with two other spans at cacli end of about fifty feet each.
Mr. Stone has been lieard to state that lie regarded this as one of tlie
most important events of his life, and that no one was more astonislied
than liimself at tlie result, lie was rewarded by complimentary
resolutions, and a check for one thousand dollars by the company.

The following Winter the T)artnersh.ip of Boody, Stone ct Co. was
dissolved by mutual consent, and the territory that their contract for
the bridge patent covered was divided, by Mr. Stone taking the States
of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island, and ]\[r. Boody the
other three States. A new xxirtnership was then formed between Mr.
Stone and Mr. Harris, which continued until the year 1SI9.

From the year 1S30 to 1S50, the residence of Mr. Stone, most of the
time, was in Springfield, Mass., but the numerous contracts in which
he was interested called him into ten ditierent States. He served
several years as a director in the Agawam Bank, was also a director
for several years, and one of the building committee in the Agawam
Canal Company, which erected and run a cotton mill of ten thousand
spindles, in the town of West Springfield.

In the autumn of 1S4S, he formed a partnership with Mr. Stillman
Witt and Mr. Frederick Harbach, who contracted with the Cleveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad Company to construct and equip
the road from Cleveland to Columbus. This was the largest contract
that had, at that time, been entered into, of this character, by any one
party or firm in the United States. A large amount of the capital
stock was taken in part payment for the work. It was generally
regarded as a hazardous adventure, but the work was carried through
in accordance with the terms of the contract, and i)roved to be a
proiltable investment for its stockholders. In his partnership con-
tract it was stipulated that he was to act as financial agent at (he
East, to send out the necessary mechanics, and to occasionally visit
the work, but was not to change his residence. Events, however,
occurred that required his constant presence in Ohio, and in the
Spring of ISoO, he moved his family to Cleveland, where they have
since resided. In the Winter of 1S50-1, the road was opened tor
business tlirough from Cleveland to Columlnis, and .^Ir. Stone was
appointed its superintendent.

In the Fall of 1n50, the iiriu of Harbach. Stone a- Wilf contracted
with the Cleveland, rainesville and Ashtabula Railroad Company to

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306 CLEVELASl), VAST AXD PRESENT:

In the year 1855. lie, with ^[r. Witt, contracted to build the Chicago
and Milwaukee Rail road, and was for many years a director in that
company, and for awhile its president.

For several years he held the ollice of director in the Merchants
Bank, of Cleveland. From its lirst organization until it was closed
up, he was director in the Bank of Commerce, of Cleveland, and has
been director in the Second National Bank, and the Commercial
National Bank, of Cleveland, and the Cleveland Banking Company,
from the time of their respective organizations until the present
time. He was for some years president of tlie Toledo Branch of the
State Bank, at Toledo. He was elected a director in the Jamestown
and Franklin Railroad Company in the year 1863, which office he has
held until the present time. In the same year he was elected presi-
dent of the Mercer Iron and Coal Company and held the office until
the close of the j^ear 1S6S. *

Mr. Stone aided in the establishment of several manufactories at
this point. During the construction of the railroads from Cleveland,
his firm carried on extensive car shops in the city, where cars were
constucted, not only for those two roads, but for several others. He
gave financial aid and personal influence to the establishment and
maintenance of several leading iron manufacturing establishments
and machine shops. In the year lSGl-2, he erected, in the city of
Cleveland, a woolen mill of five sets of machinery, and for several
years ran it and turned out more goods annually than any other mill
in the state of Ohio. He subsequently sold it to Alton Pope &: Sons.

He is often pleased to note the progress in American enterprise,
and among other events that has come under his own observation,
relates the followiug: In the year 1S39, he commenced his first rail-
road service upon the foundation of a bridge that was then being
erected across the Connecticut river at Springfield, Mass., of l-<)0 feet
in length. It was regarded as a very difficult undertaking, as the bed
of the river was composed mostly of quicksand, and a rise of 251 feet
in the river had to be provided for, and floating i<-e, its full width,
fifteen inches in thickness. Maj. George W. "Whistler, the first of his
profession, was chief engineer of the work, and he had as advisers
Maj. McNeal, Capt. Swift, and other eminent engineers. The work
was about three years under construction, at a cost of over si(:i,<M)0,
and every effort was made to keep its cost at the lowest possilsle
point, at the same time making certain the stability of the structure.
Within nine years from the time of its completion, a similar structure,
m jevery particular, was to be constructed across the same river,

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ITS REPRESEXTATIVE MEN. :5(»7

at IJurtr..r,l. twenty-six miles below. Its lengtli varied but a low (VeJ
altlioiii:}i it fovered more water, and its foundations and otluT (-.(u-
tingoniies were quite as dilKcult and unfavorable. ^Ir. Stone <()ii.
eluded a contract tor its construction for the firm of Stone cV: Ilarri-
cornjilete, for the sum of §77,000, and to have it ready for the cars in
twenty months. The work was executed in accordance with ilif
terms (»f the contract, and has not only proved as substantial a> ihat
at Spriri^Mield, but in many particulars, more so. It w-as the pride of
Mr. Stone for many reasons, (among others, tliat it w^is stated bv
many that it could not be done for this sum of money,) to personally
superintend this work himself, and to put in practice some of his own
inventions, the most important of which was the cutting otf the
foundation piles with a saw arranged on a scow% propelled by a steam
engine, and the sinking of the piers below water by means of screws.
The result proved to be satisfactory, and as favorable, in a financial
point of view, as he estimated. It will be noticed that the bridge
structure, complete, at Hartford, cost 854,000 less than that at Spring-
field, of like character.

He has been interested in the construction of more than ten miles
in length of truss bridging, and in the construction of roofs of large
buildings, covering more than fifteen acres of ground, most of which
he designed and personally superintended their erection. The last
extensive structure that he designed, and the erection of which he
personally superintended, was the Union Passenger Depot, at Cleve-
land. He was the first person that designed and erected pivot draw-
bridges of long spans, which, however, have been much increased in
length of span by other parties since. He was also the first to design
and erect a dome roof of a span of 150 feet, sufficient to cover tliree
lengths of a locomotive with its tender, and numerous are the im-
provements he has introduced in the construction of railroad cars
and locomotives. The only eight-wheeled dump gravel car in suc-
cessful use was designed and put in practice by him.

For a number of years Mr. Stone lias been trustee of the First
Presbyterian Church Society of Cleveland, and still holds that ofiice.
He was chairman of the building committee in the erection of the
new church edifice, and when it was burned down, was as^ain elected
chairman of the building committee, and given full char"-e of the re-
construction of the building.

In ISOS, Mr. Stone visited Europe, being compelled to seek relief
for a brief period, from the exliausting cares of his numerous business
engagements. He is expected to return in the Fall of this year.

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'^OS CLEJ'EL.IXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

ready to again enira^^c in I ho active ])rosecution of the iniportant
enterprises with which he is connected, and in which he has won sucli
distinction by his sound ciunnion sense, sound jndgment, unresting
energy, and practicalile kiu)wliHlge. In whatever he undertakes
tliere is good reason for believing that the success he has hitherto
met will still attend his ellbrts.

STILLMAN WITT.

Connected indissolubly with the story of the rise and progress of
the important railroad interests of Cleveland and riorthern Ohio, is
the name of Stillman Witt. As one of the builders of the pioneer
railroad from the city, and of the next in point of time, which has
since become one of the foremost lines of the country in importance
and profitableness, Mr. Witt deserves honorable record among the
men who have contributed most to make Cleveland what it is to-day,
a rich, populous, and rapidly growing cit}^.

Stillman Witt is a self-made man, and unlike some of this class, his
self-manufacture will stand the test of close criticism. The material
has not been spoiled or warped in the process. Those who know him
best know that the struggles of his early years have not soured his
disposition or hardened his feelings, and that access of fortune has
not made him purse-proud. The Stillman Witt of to-day, rich and
influential, is the same Stillman Witt who paddled a ferry boat at
about forty cents a day, and was happy in his good fortune.

Mr, Witt was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, January 4th, ISOS.
His parentage was humble, and, in consequence, his facilities for
obtaining an education very limited. When a]»out thirteen years old,
his father moved with his family to Troy, New York, where young
Stillman was hired by Kichard F. Hart to run a skitf ferry, the wages
being ten dollars per month, which the lad thought a sum sufficient to
secure his independence. Among the passengers frer[uently crossing
the ferry was .Mr. Canvass White, I'. S. Engineer, at that time super-
intending the construction of public works in various parts of the
country. Mr. White took a strong fancy to the juvenile ferryman.

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ITS REPRESENTATll-R MEN. 'M)\)

and was so iniic-li impressed by the interest the l)oy ni;uiil\->i.od in
coiistrii«-tion, that he applied to Stillman's father lor pormi>sioii tc
take the hid and educate him in his own profession. The permission
was -r.uitc'd, and from that day dates the career of the future railix>ad
huihlcr.

Vounir Witt was greatly pleased with his new profession, and
devoted himself to it with such zeal and faithfulness that he grew
rapidly- in the esteem of his patron. VV'hen lie had sulliciently pro-
gressed to be entrusted with works of such importance, he was
disi)atciied in diilerent directions to construct bridges and canals as
the agent of Mr. White. In this manner he superintended the con-
struction of the bridge at Oohoes Falls, on the Mohawk river, four
miles above Troy, where, in conjunction with Mr. White, he laid out
a town which has since grown to a population of thirty thousand. The
side cut on the Erie canal, at Port Schuyler, was dug under his man-
agement, and the docks there, since covered with factories, were built
by him. When these were completed he was dispatched into Penn-
sylvania, with twenty-four carpenters, all his seniors, to build a State
bridge at the mouth of the Juniata, from Duncan Island to Peter's
Mountain. He w^as then ordered to the work on the Louisville and
Portland canal, but before this was completed he was taken sick and
remained a prisoner in a sick room at Albany for thirteen months.

With his recovery came a temporary change of occupation.
Abandoning for a time his work of bridge building and canal digging,
he took charge of the steamboat James Farley, the first lake-canal
boat that towed through, without transhipment, to Xew York. This
w^as followed by his taking charge, for between two and three years,
of Dr. Xott's steamboat Novelty. Next he became manager of the
Hudson River Association line of boats, in which capacity he re-
mained during the existence of the association, ten years. The Albany
and Boston Railroad having been opened, Mr. Witt was invited to
become its manager at Albany, and accepted the trust, remaining in
that position seven years and a half.

Now came the most important epoch in Mr. Witt's life. After a
hard struggle the scheme for the construction of a railroad between
Cleveland and Columbus assumed detinite shape, a company was
organized and was prepared to go to work when contractors should
be found who would build tiie road witli a little money and a good
deal of laith. Mr. Witt's opportunity had come. At the end of a
four days' toilsome journey from Puilalo in a cab, he reached Cleve-
land, and satisfactory arrangements were Mnally entered into. A firm

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310 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

was formed, unrler the name ot'liarbacli, Stone &: Witt, and the work
commenced. The story of tlie building' of the Cleveland, Columbus
and Cincinnati Railroad has alread}- been told in another part of this
volume; it is a story of hoping almost against hope, of desperate
struggles against opposition and indiderence, and of linal triumph.
Mr. Witt's part in the struggle was an important one, and the solid
benefit resulting from the success that crowned the enterprise was
well deserved by him.

Before the work of construction was half completed, IVfr. Harbach
died, and the firm remained Stone & Witt, under which name it has
become familiar to all parts of the American railroad world. The road
was opened between Cleveland and Columbus in 1^51, and the success
that speedily followed the opening, demonstrated the wisdom of the
projectors of the line, and justified the faith of its contractors. The
three years of construction had not terminated before Messrs. Stone
& Witt undertook the construction of the Cleveland, Painesville and
Ashtabula Railroad, and in two years this road, now one of the richest
and most powerful lines of the country, was completed. This was
followed, sometime after, hy the building of the Chicago and Milwau-
kee Railroad, which required but one year to construct, although
built in the best manner.

AVith the completion of the Chicago and Milwaukee road Mr, Witt's
active career as a railroad builder ceased. Since that time he has
been chiefly employed in the management of his extensive railroad
and banking interests, having been at different periods a director in
the Michigan Southern; Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati; Cleve-
land, Painesville and Ashtabula; Cleveland and Pittsburgh ; Chicago
and Milwaukee, and Bellefontaine and Indiana railroads, besides
being vice-president of two of these roads and president of one of
them. His connection with the Bellefontaine and Indiana Railroad
is noticeable from the fact that it was by his sagacity and unwearied
energy, ably assisted by the late Governor Brough, as general mana-
ger, that the company was raised from absolute insolvency to a high
rank among dividend paying lines. Mr. AVitt had gone into the
undertaking with a number of other Clevelanders, liad all but lost his
entire investment, but had never lost Aiith in the ultimate success of
the line, or flagged for an instant in hi? ellbrts lo bring about that
success. Tlie event proved the justness of his conclusions.

In addition to his railroad engagements, Mr. Witt is president of
the Sun Insurance Company, of Clevelaiid ; director of the Second
I»Jational, and Commercial National Banks, and Cleveland Banking

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ITS REFRESENTATIJ E MIX, ail

Colli]. any; :ils(), of the Bank of Toledo. His interests arc not all
cent<'r.-.i in railroad and banking enterprises, he ha\ing investments
in thf Ch-velaiid Chemical AVorks, and in several other enterprises
that (•()ntril)ute to the prosperit}' of the city.

.Mr. Witt was married in June, 1834, to Miss Eliza A. Doui,dass. of
Alhany. hut wiio was a native of Rhode Island. Of the four cliihin-n
who were the fruit of this marriage, but two- survive. 1'he older
daughter, Mary, is now the wife of Mr. Dan P. Eells, of Clevelarwl.
Tlie younger, Emma, is the wife of Col. W. H. Harris, of the United
Slates Army, now in command of the arsenal at Indianapolis.

^[r. Witt's qualifications as a business man are attested by his
success, won not by a mere stroke of luck, but by far-seeing sagacit}-,
quick decision, and untiring industry. From iirst to last he never
encountered a failure, not because fortune chanced always to be on
his side, but because shrewdness and forethought enabled Iiim to
provide against misfortune. As a citizen he has alwa\'s jnirsued a
liberal and enlightened policy, ever ready to unite in ^\•hate^'er
promi^ed to be for the public good. In social life he has a wide circle
of attached friends, and not a single enemy. Genial, unselfish, deeplv
attached to his family, and with a warm side for humanity in general,
Mr. Witt has made for himself more friends than perhaps he himself
is aware of.

Wealth and position have enabled him to do numerous acts of
kindness, and his disposition has prompted him to perform those acts
without ostentation and with a gracefulness that gave twofold value
to the act.

In religious belief Mr. Witt is a Baptist, having joined with that
church organization in Albany, thirty-one years ago. For years he
has been a valuable and highly respected member of the First
Baptist Church in Cleveland.

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312 CLLVELAXD, I'.iST AND PRESENT:

JAMES FARMER.

Although James Fanner has been a resident of Cleveland but
thirteen years, and ca;inot, therefore, be ranked among the old
settlers of the city, he is looked upon as one of its most respected
citizens, whose word is as good as a secured bond, and whose sound
judgment and stability of character place him among the most valua-
ble class of business men. But though prudent in business atfairs,
and of deeply earnest character in all relations of life, Mr. Farmer
has not allowed the stern realities of life to obscure the lighter
qualities that serve to make life endurable. Always cheerful in man-
ner and genial in disposition, with a quaint appreciation of the
humorous side of things, he endeavors to round olf the sharp corners
of practical life with a pleasant and genial smile. A meditative
faculty of mind, untrammeled by the opinions or dicta of others, has
led Mr. Farmer into independent paths of thought and action, in all
his affairs. Before taking any course, he has thought it out for him-
self, and decided on his action, in accordance with his conscientious
convictions of right, independent of considerations of mere worldly
notice.

Mr. Farmer was born near Augusta, Georgia, July 19th, 1S02. His
early opportunities for acquiring an education were scant, only such
knowledge being gained as could be picked up in a common school,
where the rudiments of an education only are taught. Until his
twenty-first year, his tim.e was chietly spent on his father's farm, luit
on attaining his majority he concluded to strike out a different path
for himself, and coming north, he engaged in the manufacture of salt,
and in the milling business, at Saline ville, Ohio. His means were
small, but by assiduous attention to business he was moderately
successful. Four years later he added a store for general merchan-
dise to his mill and salt works, and thus added to his property.

In the Spring of IS-tT, Mr. Farmer, imbued with the spirit of
progress, and appreciating in advance the benefits to accrue from the
proposed Cleveland and Pittsburgh Eailroad, entered with spirit
into the enterprise, worked hard in procuring subscriptions to the

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stock, imd ai.hMl in various ways to its consummation. For several
years' I'u' hc-kl Hio position of president of the company, and it was
Ihrou-h lii> labors in this channel of commerce, that he became so
tliorou-l.!v i<'iohtiIied with the progress and prosperity of Cleveland.

Oil rhc'cumpletion of the railroad, xMr. Farmer was among the lirst
to avail liini>elf of the increased facilities for business olYered by the
road, an.l embarked in the coal trade, having previously owned coul
lields in Salineville. These coal fields were now worked, and tlie
pnxhict shipped by railroad to Cleveland and other points.

In the Spring of ISSG, he removed to Cleveland, abandoning the
mercantile business after devoting to it thirty-two years of his life,
and having been completely successful. His coal fields still continue
to furnish supplies to the coal market of Cleveland.

So far as human power can be said to control human affairs, Mr.
Farmer has been wholly the architect of his own fortunes. The
prosperity that has attended his etTorts has been due to the close
attention given his legitimate business, his strictness in making and
keeping contracts, his prudent economy, and his nice sense of com-
mercial honor and general honesty. What man can do to make
honest success, he has endeavored to do, and Providence has smiled
upon his efforts.

Mr Farmer is still a hale appearing gentleman, though sixty-seven
years old, retaining most of his mental vigor, and much of his physical
stamina, and will, we trust, be permitted to remain among us for
years to come, that he may enjoy the fruits of his labor, and have the
satisfaction felt by those only who minister to the necessities of

others.

In 1S3J:, Mr. Farmer was married to Miss Meribah Butler, of
Columbiana county, Ohio, by whom he has had seven children, of
whom five still live — one son and four daughters. The son. ^Mr. E. J.
Farmer, has been for some years engaged in the banking business in
Cleveland.

The father of Mr. James Farmer joined the Society of Friends, and
was an honored member of that society. His family were all brought
up in the same laith, and Mr. James Farmer has maintained his con-
nection with the society, by the members of which he is held inliigh
respect and esteem.

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3U CLEiELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

GEORGE E. ELY.

George B. Ely is a native of Jefferson county, New York, a county
which has contributed many good citizens to the population of Cleve-
land. He was born in the town of Adams, June 23d, ISIT, received a
good academical education, and when seventeen left the academy to
become clerk with Judge Foster, under whose auspices he came to
Cleveland. After serving with Judge Foster one year in Cleveland,
he accepted the position of book-keeper in the forwarding house of
Pease & Allen, on the river, remaining in this position until 1S43.
At that date he removed to Milan, Erie county, then at the head of
slackwater navigation on the Huron river. Here he engaged in
trading in wheat, and in the general forwarding business, and also
became interested in lake shipping, doing business under the firm
name of Wilber <k Ely.

In 1S51, the railroad between Columbus and Cleveland was com-
pleted, and the course of trade was almost entirely diverted from its
old channels. The business of Milan fell away rapidly, and the
forwarding trade at that point was completely at an end, Mr. Ely
closed up his connection with the place in the Spring of 1S52, and
removed to Cleveland, where he had engaged a warehouse with the
intention of continuing in the forwarding business, but was induced
to take the secretaryship of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula
Railroad, many of his old business and personal friends having become
interested in that undertaking and desiring the benefit of his business
tact and experience. About a year after his accession to the com-
pany, the ollices of secretary and treasurer were combined, and Mr.
Ely assumed charge of the joint othces. Three years later he was
elected a director of the company and has continued in that position
to the present time. At various times he has been eliosen vice-
president of the company. In 1S6S, he was elected president of the
Cleveland and Toledo Railroad Company, retaining tliat position
until the consolidation of the company with the Cleveland and Erie
Railroad Cotni-any, and the formation of the Lake Shure Railroad
Company. Mr. Ely is now the oldest officer in point of service in the
consolidated company, and is about the oldest employee. During all

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ITS REPRESENTATIFE MEN-. ai5

his Ion.:; service lie has been an indefatigalile worker, having; the
interests of the line always at heart, and his arduous ajul faithful
services have contributed their full share to the prosperity uf the
comitaiiy.

Whilst always watchful for the interests of the road with whicji ho
was connected, Mr. Ely found time to engage in other enterprises
tending to advance the material interests of the city. In connection
with Messrs. R. II. Barman, A. M. Ilarman, and L. M. Coe, he pro-
jected and built the Cleveland City Forge, and put it into successful
operation in the year 1864. This forge has now four large hammers
at work, and preparations are making for two others, and it gives
employment to about eighty skilled workmen. He was one of the
projectors of the Pennsylvania Coal Company, of Cleveland, an
organization having live thousand acres of coal lands in Mercer
county, Pennsylvania, and now that the Jamestown and Franklin
Railroad is completed, the prospects of ample returns for the outlay
are good. Sixty tons of good coal are daily delivered in Cleveland,
whilst the best markets of the product are found in Erie, Butfalo, and
the Pennsylvania oil regions. Of this company Mr. Ely is treasurer
and one of its directors.

Among his other business connections he was a director in the old
Bank of Commerce from its early days until it was reorganized as the
Second National Bank, and is still a director under the new organiza-
tion. He is also a director in the Citizens Savingb~ and Loan Associa-
tion, and is interested in the Cleveland Banking Company.

Mr. Ely has been the architect of his own fortune, and attributes
his success in life to close application to business and a firm deter-
mination never to live beyond his income. He is now fifty-two years
old, enjoys vigorous health, and has never been seriously sick. From
present appearances he has a fair prospect of a long life in which to
enjoy the Iruits of his labors, an<l to pass the afternoon and evening
of his life amid domestic comforts earned by industry and the esteem
of a large circle of friends to whom he has become endeared by his
many social qualities and personal virtues.

In 1S43, he was milrried to Miss (jcrtrude S. Harman, of Brooklyn,
Michigan, and formerly of Oswego, New York. They have one son,
now twenty-five years old, who has charge of t.he Cleveland City
Forge, and one daughter, Helen, aged seventeen, who is now at
school.

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316 CLEI'ELJXJ). PAST AND PRESEN'l:

\yORTHY S. STREATOR

Dr. Strcator, as he is still called, although for many years he has
abandoned the active practice of medicine, was born in Madison
county, New York, October 16th, 1S16. He received an academical
education, and at the age of eighteen he entered a medical college,
where he remained four years. On completing his medical course he
went to Aurora, Portage count}', Ohio, where he commenced the
practice of his profession, in the year 1839 In Aurora he remained
five years, when he removed to Louisville, Kentucky, spent a year in
the medical college there, and returned to Portage county, resuming
his practice in Eavenna.

In 1850, Dr. Streator removed from Ravenna to Cleveland, and
after remaining two years in the practice of medicine, turned his
attention to railroad building. In conjunction with Mr. Henry Doo-
little, he undertook the contract for building the Greenville and
Medina Railroad, and completed it succebsfully. In 1853,^ the same
parties contracted for tlie construction of the Atlantic and Great
Western Railway in Ohio, a work of 244 miles. Operations were at
once commenced, and were pushed forward with varying success,
funds of the company coming in fitfully. In 1800, the same firm
took contracts for the construction of the Pennsylvania portion of
the line, ninety-one miles, and next for the New York portion.
Work on both these contracts was commenced in February, 1800, and
the road was completed from Salamanca, in New York, to Corry, in
Pennsylvania, sixty-one miles, in the Spring of l^fil.

During the prosecution of the work .Mr. Doolittle died, and, in
1861, Dr. Streator sold the unfinished contracts to 3[r. James Mc-
Henry, of London, England, by whom they were completed. Dr.
Streator acting as superintendent of construction for aljout a year
after the transfer of contract.

In 1862, lie projected the Oil Creek Kailroid, from Corry to
Petroleum Center, the heart of the Pennsylvania oil re-ions, a line
thirty-seven miles long. The line was I)uilt wi'h extraordinary
rapidity, and achieved a success unparalleled m railway history.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 317

No sooiHM- hail the rails reached a point within strikin;,' distance of
Oil Cn'ck than its cars were crowded with passengers Hocking to the
" oihiorado," and for many months, during the Iieight of the oil fever,
the excited crowds struggled at tlie stations for the privilege of a
standiiiir place on the car platforms after the seats and aisles were
fdlei!. The resources of the road were inadequate to meet the great
dennunl on it for the transportation of passengers and oil, and
although JDr. Streator worked energetically to keep pace with the
demand upon the road, the development of the oil regions, consequent
upon the construction of the line, for some time outstrix:;ped him.
The ju-ofits of the line were enormous in proportion to the outlay,
but the amount of wealth it created in the oil regions was still more
extraordinary. Dr. Streator managed the road until lSo6, when he
sold out his interest to Dean Richmond and others interested in the
New York Central Railroad. In order to connect the Oil Creek Rail-
road with the line of its purchasers an extension northward, styled
the Oross-Cut Railroad, was built from Corry to Brocton, on the
Bullalo and Erie Railroad, a distance of forty-two miles, by Dr. Strea-
tor, for the New York Central Railroad Company. This was the last
of Dr. Streator's railroad building undertakings.

Since the close of his railroad business Dr. Streator has organized
a company, mainly composed of citizens of Cleveland, for the work-
ing of coal lands purchased in La Salle, on the Vermillion river,
Illinois. The purchase contains three thousand acres on which is a
five and one-half feet splint-vein of coal resembling in general
characteristics the Massillon coal of Ohio. Thirteen miles of railroad
have been built to connect the mines with the Illinois Central Rail-
road, and during the year that the road has been opened the average
product of the mines has been two hundred and tifty tons per day,
with demands for more, that cannot be met owing to a deficiency of
rolling stock. By the close of 1S60, it is expected the product will
reach a thousand tons daily. Another railroad is to be built to
connect with the Chicago, Burlington &: Quincy Railroad.

Aside from his interest in this coal company. Dr. Streator has now
no active business engagements, and devotes his time to the care of
his real estate and a tine stock farm in East Cleveland, containing
over three hundred acres, on which lie is raising some of the finest
stock to be found in the county.

Dr. Streator has had the good sense to retire from the pressing
cares of business whilst able to enjoy tlie fruits of his labors. At
fifty-three years old he is healthy and vigorous, and fully able to

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SU-3/'^/ CLEVEI.AXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

appreciate the advant.i^^es of wealth in procuring: social and domestic
enjoyments. His rcsidonco on Euclid uveiuie is a model of comfort
and elegance, and the surroimdin- -rounds arc laid out with artistic
taste.

He was married in IS'iO, to Sarah W. Sterling, of Lyman, N. Y.
His only daughter is ihe wife of PI B. Tiiomas, Esq., of ^Cleveland ;
his oldest son devotes his attention to the care of the stock farm;
the other sons are yet at home, being young.

Although Mr. Streator has been regarded, for years, as one of our
most active and energetic business men, he has found time to devote
to his religious duties. He has for a long time been a useful member
of the Disciple Church.

The Coal Interest.

^Ji!^ Y the commencement of the season of 1828, the Ohio canal had been opened
'^r'^^ from Cleveland to Akron. Henrv Newberrv, father of Professor Xewberrv,
c/^QyL -vvho among his other possessions on the Western Reserve, owned some valu-
able coal lands, saw, or fancied he saw, an opening for an important trade in coal,
and sent a shipment of a few tons to Cleveland by wav of experiment. On its arrival
a portion of it was loaded in a wagon and hawked around the citv, the attention
of leading citizens being called to its excellent quality and its great value as fuel.
But the people were deaf to the voice of the charmer. They looked askance at
the coal and urged against it all the objections which careful housewives, accus-
tomed to wood fires, even now offer against its use for culinary purposes. It wa.-*
dirty, nasty, inconvenient to handle, made an offensive smoke, and not a few shook
their heads incredulously at the idea of making the " stone " burn at all. Wood
was plentiful and cheap, and as long as that was the case they did not see tlie
use of going long distances to procure a doubtful article of fuel, neither as clean,
convenient, nor cheap as hickory or maple. By nightfall the wagon had unsuccess-
fully traversed the streets and found not a single purchaser for its contents. Here
and there a citizen had accepted a little as a gift, with a doubtful promise to test
its combustible qualities. Eventually, Philo Scovill was persuaded into the purchase-
of a moderate quantity at two dollan^ per ton, and promised to put in grates at
the Franklin House to properly test its qualities.

That was the beo-inning of a trade which has since grown to mammoth propor-
tions, and which has become the foundation of tla pioPi;erily of Cleveland, f' r
it is to the proximity and practically im•xllau^<tiblenes.^< of its coal supply ihat

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3f?2 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Cleveland owes its manufacturing character, which is the secret of its rapid develop-
ment within a few years, its present prosperity, and the assured greatness of its
future.

As a domestic fuel coal made slow progress in the city for many years, but
other uses were found for it, and the receipts of coal by canal rapidly increased.
Steamboats multiplied on the lakes, and these found the coal of Cleveland a valua-
ble fuel. By degrees manufacturing was ventured on, in a small way, and there
being no water-power of consequence, recourse was had to steam, which created a
moderate demand for coal. For ten years the receipts increased steadily, until in
183S, it reached 2,496 tons. In 1848, it had grown to G6,5ol tons, and in 1858—
the canal transportation being supplemented by two lines of railroad crossing the
coal fields on the way to Cleveland — to 222,267 tons. In 186s, it had swollen to
759,104 tons, and the demand continues to increase in a rate more than propor-
tionate to the enlarged sources of supply and increased facilities for transportation.

The opening of the Cleveland ahd Mahoning Railroad gave a strong stimulus
to the coal trade of northern Ohio, and was one of the most important events in
the history of Cleveland. By this time the beds of the valuable Briar Hill, or l)lock
coal, were tapped, which has proved the best fuel for manufacturing iron from the raw
ore, and has no superior, if it has a rival, in the West. With the discovery of
this bed of coal, blast furnaces and rolling mills were established in the Mahoning
Valley, and as the uses of the coal became known in Cleveland and in other ports,
a large demand, for consumption in the city and ex:port3 to other points, sprang
op. Over one-half the amount of Ohio coal raised is of the Briar Hill grade, and
of the whole amount of Ohio coal raised, about one-half finds its market in
Cleveland.

The bituminous coal is of several grades, each suitable for a particular purpose.
The most important is the Briar Hill grade, mined in the southern lialf of Trumbull
county and finding its outlet by the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad. This is a
good grate coal, but its great use is in the manufacture of iron, and the numerous
furnaces of the Mahoniny Valley, the iron manufactories of Cleveland, and the
demand along the line of the lakes, keep the numerous mines in full operation.
The Mineral Ridge f,-rade is a comparatively new quality to Cleveland, and has yet
but comparatively few mines. It is used both for domestic and manufacturing pur-
\>ose». The Massillon grade is brought both by canal and railroad, and is highly
esteemed as a grate coal. The rapidly growing demand for grate fuel has given
a great stimulus to the mining of this coal within a few years. The Hammonds-
ville and Salineville grades are used chiefly for stoves in domestic use, for steam
purposes, and for the manufacture of gas. These grades come to market on the

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ITS REPRESEXTATIVE MEN. :V}:)

Cleveland and Pittsburcrh Railroad. The Blossburrrh o:rade is ust-d ahnorit entirely
for blarkMtniihinjr.

Bi'rtid.-H tlio Ohio bituiuinouB coals there is a stt-adily increasing demand L.r the
anthracite and Hcniianthracite coals of eastern Pennsylvania, which ih brou^jlit bv
lake from Huft'alo.

Tlie n-rowth of the coal trade during the past four years can be seen by the

followinfr table, showino: the receipts from all sources and shipments, chiefly bv lake.

coastwise and to Canadian ports :

Date. Receipts. Shipments.

1865 459,483 tons 23o,7S4 tons.

186G 583,107 " 297,840 "

1867 669,026 " 834,027 -

1868 759,104 " 392,928 "

The amount brought over each route of supply during 1S68, is thus shown :

By Lake, Anthracite 13 0,35 ^^^^

" Canal, Bituminous jg'j ^--g

" Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad 274 150

Atlantic and Great Western Railroad (Cleveland and Mahoning) 254,000

" Cleveland and Erie Railroad 17 600

Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad o oQo

759,104

This shows an increase of nearly 100,000 tons on the receipts of 1867, notwith-
standing a most obstinate and continued strike among the miners, which diminished
the receipts by the Atlantic and Great Western, from 20,000 to 30,000 tons. Of the
shipments of each during the year, 382,928 tons went by lake, and about 10,000
tons by rail, mostly by Cleveland and Toledo Railroad to Toledo and intermediate
points.

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324 CLEyELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

WILLIAM PHILPOT

Although never a resident of Cleveland, the enterprise of William
Philpot so directly contributed to the prosperity of the city, the
labors of his life were so connected with it, and the interests he
founded have since become such an integral part of the business of
Cleveland, that his memoir appropriately finds a place in this work.
It is proper, too, that it should stand foremost in the department
rehating to the coal trade of the city, for he may justly be considered
one of the leading founders of that trade.

William Philpot was born in Shropshire, England. At an early
age he removed to Wales and went to work in the mines at three
pence per day. Soon after he was able to earn full wages, he became
an overseer, and continued in that capacity until he took contracts
on his own account. His success was varied, on some he made hand-
somely, on others he failed. By the year 1S85, he accumulated about
eight thousand dollars, and concluded to go to the United States as
affording greater facilities for small capitalists. He proceeded to
Pittsburgh, where he immediately interested himself in the mining
of coal. He commenced by leasing from one party a portion of
the coal and the right of way on a large tract of coal land, for a
term of twenty-one years, and leased coal from others, at a quarter
cent per bushel. Of another person he purchased a farm, bearing
coal, at seventy-five dollars an acre. In the Summer of ISoT, he took
into partnership Mr. Snowden, and the firm set to work vigorously,
mining coal at Saw Mill Run and shipping on the Ohio river, to which
Mr. Philpot had built a railway a mile in length. The two partners
were not well matched. Mr. Philpot was full of energy, fertile in
resources, and never slackened in his endeavors to push his ailairs.
No difficulties daunted him; the greater the obstacles the more
pleasure he took in surmounting them. He built his railroad tracks
where most other men would have shrunk from placing a rail and
whilst those who commenced preparations for a mine at the same
time with himself were still in the preparatory stages of work, his
cars would be rattling down to the river loaded with coal. One
great secret of his ability to hasten matters was his infiuence with

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEW .S25

the iiii'n iin.lcr I'.iiii. He was familiar and aflable wiili tlieiii, wuikc.l
omT-ftirally among them whenever a sharj) eilbrt was ncciU-d, ami
in Ihi.s way ^'ot more work out of the men, without their ici-lii-,L: that
they had h-een imposed upon, than most employers could have done.
Mr. Siiowdon was a man of an entirely ditlerent stamp, and it soon
bevame evident that the firm must dissolve. After some negotiations
y\r. I'hilpot disposed of his interests to Messrs. Snowden and J.ewis,
an<l in I^^Jn, removed to Paris, Portage county, Ohio, where he had
purchased a farm. Ilis family at that time consisted of his wife and
two daugiiters ; ]Mary Ann, now the wife of R. J. Price, Esq., Dorothy,
now widow of the late David Morris, Escp With them also was liis
fatlier, Samuel Philpot, now dead. Soon after his removal to Portage
county he became interested with Mr. Philip Price, in the excavation
of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal, and during the progress of the
work they purchased land on either side of the canal, including Lock
fourteen^ where they built a saw and llouring mill, using the canal
water as motive power. Towards the latter part of 1S39, Mr. Philpot
purchased the interest of Mr. Price in the mills and land, and ran the
mills successfully, until 1S41, when he sold both mills and land to
Colonel Elisha Garrett, of Garrettsville. In the Spring of 1S41. Mr.
Philpot rented his home farm and removed with his family to
Middle bury, Summit county, where he had purchased a coal bank,
and engaged once more in the coal trade.

The importance of his operations in coal, both to the business of
the coal regions and of Cleveland, which formed his i3rincipal market,
can scarcely be over-estimated. Before removing to Springheld he
discovered there, in 1S40, a valuable coal mine, which he afterwards
developed and worked successfully, building a railroad of about three
miles from the mines to the canal at Middlebury, whence the coal
was shipped to Cleveland. This road he stocked with about forty
coal cars, and for several years his mine supplied the principal
demand for the Cleveland market. In 1843, he developed and
improved the celebrated ChippevN'a mines, AYayne county, near the
village of Clinton, and built a railroad to the Ohio canal. From
these mines he supplied the Clevelaud market with large quantities
of coal until the year 1S45, when he sold out half his interests in
tliem to Mr. Lemuel Crawford, and some time afterward he sold one-
quarter interest to Mr. David Camp.

His next remove was to Youngsto\vn, where, in 1846, he leased the
Manning and Wertz bank, and while sinking for coal, discovered
iron ore. He then went to Pittsburgh and endeavored to get up a

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326 CLEFELJXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

furnace company, but not being successful, he returned, and associated
himself with Jonathan Warner and a few others in organizing the
Ohio Iron and Mining Company, now known as the Eagle Furnace
Company, Messrs. Philpot and Warner owning two-thirds of the
entire stock. Mr. Philpot at that time opened and developed the
Wertz and Manning Briar Hill coal mines, the furnace having been
built with the purpose of smelting iron ore with raw stone coal,
being the second constructed for this purpose in the Mahoning
Valley, the first being that of Wilkenson, Wilks it Co., at Lowellville.
The experiment was hazardous, and was carried forward under many
difficulties, financial and otherwise, but the energy and enterprise of
Mr. Philpot triumphed over them all.

Mr. Philpot was a man of rare energy, industry and practical good
sense. He was always successful for he seemed to have an intuitive
knowledge of what was the right course to take, and when once
entered on an enterprise never allowed himself to be defeated or
discouraged. His integrity was unquestioned. His word was as good
as a bond, and was entirely relied on. He was a kind husband and
father, a true friend, and his heart and hand were always open to
the poor and distressed, many of whom were not only relieved from
their pressing emergencies, but were assisted to start in business or
to procure homesteads. Besides his many excellent social qualities
and business talents, he was possessed of a most extraordinary
memory, and it is related of him by one who knew him intimately,
that after hearing a speech or sermon that enlisted his whole atten-
tion, he would sometimes rehearse it to others almost verbatim.

Mr. Philpot died in Liberty township, Trumbull countv, June 2d,
1851.

In all the great enterprises of his business career, Mr. Philpot v>'as
ably supported by his beloved partner in life, who was a woman of
more than ordinary ability. She vras also most remarkably benevo-
lent, bestowing much care on the sick and indigent in her immediate
neighborhood. She survived her husband a number of years, and
died at Cleveland, in August, 1S65, deeply lamented.

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LEMUEL CRAWFORD.

The subject of this sketch belonged to the business chisses, as
distinguished from the professional, but which are none the less
fruitful in characters of prominence and public interest.

Indeed it has come to pass in later years that what are communly
known as the learned professions, law, medicine and theolog}', though
still high in rank, liave lost something of the ruling pre-eminence
they occupied in our earlier history. Other departments in the
world's industry have asserted themselves, and railway systems,
telegraphs, commerce, journalism, manufactures, banking, and other
branches, have come forward and absorbed their fair proi)ortion of
the best talent and ambition of the country.

Lemuel Crawford w^as born in Florida, Schoharie count}^. New York,
December 15, 1S05.

Left without means, at the age of fourteen he chose the trade of
moulder in the iron or furnace business.

At twenty-one he came to Painesville, Ohio, where he was made
foreman of the Geauga Furnace. Here he remained about six years,
having especial superintendence of the pattern and moulding depart-
ment, and filling his position with great skill and credit. At this
place, July 20, 1S32, he married Louisa Murray, of Willoughby, in the
same county, who still survives him, and to whose long and faithful
companionship, judgment and energy, in all the vicissitudes of his
fortune, he was largely indebted for his success.

In 1S33, Mr. Crawford moved with his family to Detroit, whence,
after remaining six years, he removed to Presque Isle on Lake Huron,
where he was the lirst to start the wood trade, for fuel for our then
rapidly growing steamboat commerce. Here he remained seven
years, superintending large bodies of wood cutters and suppliers, the
saw mills, now so common in the lumber region, being then un-
known.

In 1S46, perceiving, with his usual forecast, that coal was likely to
supplant wood for the uses of our steam marine, he removed to
Cleveland, and at once invested about forty thousand dollars in the

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'V2S CLEIEL.IXD, FASl ASD PRESENT:

Chippewa mines, so called, in the ^Mahoning Valley, which had been
opened a year or two ])etore, and promised, as the event proved, to
afford an almost inexhaustible supply of the richest coal. These
mines, adding tracts of adjoining coal land to them as occasion
demanded, he continued to work with a large annual yield for more
then twenty years.

Shortly after commencing with the Chippewa, he was found, in
184S, to be among the pioneers in opening up the beds of Briar Hill
coal in the Mahoning Valley, so well known to steamboat men and
manufacturers ever since, as being a kind of coal peculiarly fitted for
their uses. Here he continued to mine largely at several different
localities selected by him with rare judgment. He also opened and
carried on mining extensively at other points, such as on the Ohio,
below Steubenville, also in Orange county, Pennsylvania, and else-
where.

His chief business office and coal depots were at Cleveland, but he
had branch establishments at Detroit and Chicago, and at one time
was largely interested in vessel property on the Lakes, and although
the business of mining and selling coal, mainly for supplying steam
craft and for exportation, was his leading pursuit, he was one of the
earliest in 1S51, to engage in the manufacture of pig iron from our
native ores in the Mahoning Valley, having an interest in the second
furnace started there, and being the builder of the fourth. From
time to time he invested judiciously in real estate.

From all these sources in spite of some business adventures which
proved disastrous, through unexpected financial revulsions, or the
fault of others, he succeeded in amassing a splendid fortune to be
inherited by his family. He was never a speculator, nor a rash
operator, but his business views were liberal and comprehensive, and
carried out with energy and wisdom. Personally he was a man of
tine presence and manners, always pleasant to meet with on the
street, cordial and unassuming. He was intensely loyal and liberal
throughout the war, and always kind and charitable to the poor. He
was not a church member, but was a regular church attendant and a
respecter of religious institutions. In his later years he was fre-
quently an invalid, and being in New York in the Fall of ISO", by the
advice of physicians, and in company with friends from Cleveland, he
sailed for Europe, where, in Paris, during the Exposition, he spent
some months, returning with health improved, but which agiun
declined untilJune 20, 18GS, when at the age of sixty-two years, six
5 onths and fifteen days, he died at his beautiful home in Cleveland,

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ITS REPRESEiVTAriFE MEN. 3i'0

surrounded l)y his family and friends, peacefully and calmly, as a
good man dies.

We feel lliat we can not do better than to conclude this brief and
imperfect sketcli with the notice which appeared in the Cleveland
Herald on the evening of the day of his decease. Speaking of the
event it says :

We rt^j,M'et to annouuce the decease of this prominent business man and respected
citizen, wlio died at his residence on Euclid avenue this (Tuesday) morning at about
9 o'clcM-k.

Mr. Crawford had for years been more or less an invalid, but had not been alarmingly
ill until last Thursday, when by a sudden and severe attack he was completely prostrated,
and recovery became hopeless.

Mr. Crawford had nearly reached the age of sixty-three. A native of New York,
beginning life with few, if any, adventitous aids, he had attained to atP.uence and
position by a long and enterprising business career. For the last twenty-four years he
has lived in Cleveland. He was among the pioneers in the coal mining business of
Northern Ohio, contributing largely ever since by his sagacity and experience, to the
development of that important element of commerce and public wealth.

Through all the vicissitudes of a long business life he maintained a character of the
most perfect integrity. As a citizen he was liberal and public spirited ; as a neighbor
and friend he was kind and generous ; in his social and domestic relations he was simple
and unostentatious, affectionate and beloved. Very many in the various ranks and
conditions of life, both here and elsewhere, will mourn his loss, and remember him with
sincere respect.

D. P. RHODES.

The name of D. P. Rhodes is distinguished among those who have
contributed to the prosperity of Cleveland by the development of its
coal and iron interests. For many years he has labored to build up
the coal and iron trade of the city, on which its future mainly
depends, and has met with a success which has benefited the public
in a far greater degree than it ha>^ enriched himself, although he has
had nothing to complain of in tiiat respect.

Mr. Rhodes was born in Sudbury, liutland county, Vermont. His
father dying when the boy was but live years old, he was compelled
to work for his own living, riding horse for his neighbors whilst they

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di .iiu,cn-\oy .vrrr.;!^'; rni.ljn;! /J,ru.ibi!> j,( (,-,r)if ;»;^v/

380 CLEIELJXD, FAST A X D PRESENT:

plowed corn, digging potatoes and picking apples for every tenth
bushel, and doing other odd jobs. When he was til'teen years old his
mother married again and he lived with his stepfather till twentj'-one.
His stepfather, being rich, oftered him a farm if he would stay with
him, but he was bent on seeing the West before accepting the farm,
and so set out westward. Whilst in the West he became engaged to
be married, and belbre marriage he visited his home, when his step-
father oiTered him half his property if he would return there and live.
The papers were made out but were not to be executed till he had
consulted his affianced. To do this he returned to the West. As he
traveled by canal he had abundant time to consider the matter,
and the more he thought of it the more he became sick of the idea.
Things were too circumscribed down east to suit his taste. He said
nothing of the matter to his affianced, but wrote home that he was
not coming ; and to this day he has never seen occasion to regret his
decision, but has been conlirmed in its wisdom. To use his own
expression : " By Jupiter, I would rather live west, if I did'nt live
half as long."

Mr. Rhodes became early interested in the coal business, his tirst
enterprise being in company with Messrs. Tod and Ford, in 1S45, at
the old Briar Hill mines, from which they raised and shipped by
canal about fifty tons per week. This was considered a good busi-
ness. In two or three years business increased to a hundred tons
daily. In 184:6, another mine was opened in Girard. This was
followed by the Clover Hill mine in the Tuscarawas Valley, previous
to the opening of which the firm was changed by the death of 3ir.
Ford. The next opened was the Clinton mines in the Tuscarawas
Valley. Then a mine in Fairview, Wayne county, which was the last
large transaction with Gov. Tod as partner. In alxuit 1S55, Tod and
Rhodes dissolved partnership, Mr. Rhodes taking Clover Hill, and
Gov. Tod all the rest of the interests.

Whilst developing his coal interests, ^Ir. Rhodes made important
discoveries of iron ore, the lirst being veins of black l)and ore, very
similar to the English and Scotch, though richer. The veins of this
ore in Tuscarawas are from hve to liftecn feet thick. He also discov-
ered and worked a vein of mountain ore that will also run from five
to fifteen feet thick, and is easily mined, one miner being able to
mine twenty tons per day after the eartii li;is been removed. A[r.
Rhodes spent several months in the ore tiehls ot Scotland and Eng-
land in l^tJs, and found the veins there not over two feet in thickness.

In the Tuscarawas Valley property, ^Ir. Rhodes has found seven

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irS REPRESEATATIl E MEX. 331

veins of co.il, live of wliich are very good, and tie has worked the
whole of I hem. There is also as good tire-clay as any yet discovered,
thq linest ::rado Ijeing pure sandstone, which stands tire as hearth-
stones in furnaces better than any other. Shell ore, block ore, and
limestone also exist in abundance. The iron enterprises in wliicli
Mr. Khodes is interested are the Tuscarawas Iron Company, formed
about iNil, of wdiich Mr. Ehodes is president. This company have
three or four thousand acres of mineral land in the Tuscarawas
Valley, and the works have a capacity of a hundred and fifty tons per
week; also the Dover Eolling Mill Company, of which Mr. Baker is
president. It makes all sizes of merchant and small T rail iron,
having a capacity of about fifteen tons per day.

He is largely interested in a mining company near Massillon,
having three engines and three openings there, and can mine a
thousand tons of coal per day as soon as the road from 3Iassillon to
Clinton is completed. This will be the shortest coal bearing road,
—for blast furnace coal — to Cleveland, by fifteen miles, for it connects
with the Cleveland, Zanesville and Cincinnati Eailroad at Clinton,
thence to Cleveland by Cleveland and Pittsburgh Eailroad at
Hudson. A company was formed and sunk some eight hundred or
nine hundred feet, within three miles of Canal Dover, on the line of
this company, and found salt water of the very best quality, the
w-ater itself being almost strong enough to preserve meat. There is
coal within twenty rods of the wells at ninety cents per ton, whereas
in Syracuse and Saginaw they have to use wood, at a cost (at the
former place) of seven dollars per cord. Mr. Cass, President of the
Fort Wayne Eailroad, and J. N. McCullough, of the same and of tlie
Cleveland and Pittsburgh Eailroad, are heavily interested in the road
connections adverted to above.

At Fulton, three miles below Clinton, is another coal company in
which Mr. Ehodes is interested. This mine yields about three
hundred tons per day, and could double that amount if there were
sufficient transportation. There are two engines and two openings
at this bank.

Mr. Ehodes is also interested in three mines at Marseilles, Will-
mington and Braceville, Illinois. He Jias taken a hearty interest in
all improvements, and especially in the matter of railroads. He was
interested in building the Northern Division of the Cleveland and
Toledo Eailroad, and was on the executive committee.

D. P. Ehodes and H. S. Stevens built the West Side street rail-
road, and equipped it. He was also largely interested iu building and

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332 CLEIELAXD, PAST J X I) PRESENT:

equipping the Rocky River railroad. Tie is also interested in the
Cleveland and Zanesvillc railroad project.

Dr. Up<on, of Tahnadge, and Messrs. I'liilpot and Camp were in
the coal business wlien ]\Ir. Rhodes commenced, and they have all
disappeared. They only then received about one boat load of fifty
tons per week by canal, whereas, the firm of Rhodes & Co. now
handle from ninety thousand to one hundred thousand tons per year.

Mr. Rhodes has built his docks in this city, two of them are the
largest on the line of the river. About seven hundred men are
employed on works in which he is heavily interested, but nothing
troubles him. He says : " If the men don't dig the coal or iron, they
don't get paid for it, so I take it easy, and am giving m}^ attention to
farming. I have a stock farm of five hundred and forty-four and a half
acres at Ravenna that ] run myself, and I have another of eighty
acres adjacent to the city, rented for gardening, and still another of
twenty-six and a half acres, out on the Detroit road where I intend
to build me a home to live and die in, if I do not die away from
home." He is now only fifty-three years old, hale and hearty, and
seemingly good for another score or two of years.

He has four children, the oldest and youngest being daughters.
The oldest is the wife of M. A. Hanna, of the firm of Rhodes vfc Co.
The oldest son, Robert, is a member of the same firm; the other son,
James, has just returned from a long visit to the mineral fields of
Europe and attending lectures on metallurgy and mining. By his
observation and studies he has acquired an extensive knowledge of
the old world and the modes of working mines. The youngest
daughter, Fanny, is at school at Batavia, New York.

In 1S67, Mr. D. P. Rhodes and J. F. Card being tired of the sale
department of their coal business, and having immense interest in
mines that required close attention, gave up their sale business in
Cleveland to Rhodes ct Co., a firm consisting of G. H. Warmington,
M. A. Hanna, and Robert R. Rhodes, who are receiving and selling
both coal and iron, the same as the old firm.

The sales of coal by the firm for the past two years amounted to
one hundred thousand tons per year; together with a large trade in
pig iron and ore. The Willson Bank and 31assillon and also Briar
Hill grades of coal are principally handled by this firm, who are also
operators largely in the Pennsylvania anthracites.

The ores passing through Cleveland to supply the manufactories
of the Mahoning Valley are from Lake Superior and Canada: the
Canada ores forming quite an extensive item. The firm keep for sale

b&o-i yio-ii^Q. 9ilj no

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Hi i«9'i^J(ji e .;f| .b«a ,g8L: ':^-f--T^!S'

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 333

many varieties of pig iron, the most considerable being that of the
Tuscarawas iron, but including also the Lake Superior and Salisbury
irons.

The business of the firm averages one million dollars per year, and
exten(N through the entire chain of lakes, having agencies at Chicago
and Milw aukee, and also on Lake Superior ports. The Chicago trade
is steadilv increasing, for which there are two or three good
reasons, to wit : The city is growing very rapidly ; the Illinois coals
are very inferior to those of Ohio, and the local demand for the
product of the Illinois coal fields is very large, owing to the scarcity
of wood.

DAVID MORRIS.

The importance of biography as a branch of historical literature
is indisputable, and long before reaching this portion of our work the
reader must have realized the truth, that in the life of the individual
can be seen mirrored not only his individual struggles, "but all man-
kind's epitome."- The trouble, trials and labors of the one are but
specimens of the struggles of the many who have to fight the battle
of life, and who go down to their graves unchronicled. From the
story of those whose experience is recorded, may be gleaned lessons
of hope under the most discouraging circumstances, of perseverance
amid difficulties, and assurances that labor and faith will eventually
conquer. These lessons are forcibly taught in the history of the
subject of the present sketch.

David Morris was born of respectable parents, in Sirhowj-, Mon-
mouth county, on the border of Wales, July ;»th, 1S19. His opportu-
nities for acquiring an education were limited, Init such as they were
he made the most of, and obtaine<l sullieieut knowledge of the ordinary
branches to enable him to successfully tarry on business in after life.
When about twenty years of age he emigrated to the United States,
landing in New York. October 4tij, lb;3'c), in company with his mother

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334 CLEFELA.VD, PAST AND PRESENT:

and the remainder of the rliildren, Iiis father having arrived earlier,
for the purpose of seekin-^: a location. The first stop was made in
Pottsville, Pennsylvania, thence they removed for a short time to
Llewellyn, and afterwards to Primrose, Schuylkill county.

In 1841, he left his parents and went to 3Iiddlebury, Summit county,
Ohio. He at once commenced digging coal for Mr. Philpot, with
whom he had been acquainted in Wales. xVfter a few months he
commenced driving team on the railroad, and continued in that capa-
city for about two years. The zeal and ability shown by the young
man attracted the attention of his employer, and proved of signal
assistance in pushing forward the work. So marked was the interest
exhibited by Mr. Philpot in his assistant, that he favored a closer
connection, and in 1813, his daughter, Dorothy Philpot, was married
to David Morris. The young wife was a lady of more than ordinary
good qualities, and the union proved a source of unfailing happiness,
Mrs. Morris being not only an exemplary wife and mother in her
home, but by her counsel and assistance materially advancing the
business interests of her husband.

In 1847, Mr. Morris, in connection with W. H. Harris, contracted
with Lemuel Crawford for mining the Chippewa bank by the ton.
After two years, he took the management of the work for Craw-
ford & Price, the latter having purchased an interest. He then
went to Girard to work his own mines at that point. The coal
being of an excellent ciuality, and the demand constantly increasing,
these mines became a source of great wealth, engrossing large
capital, and giving employment to a host of workmen. Instead
of the one mine which he found, his original enterprise, his estate
now comprises the Mineral Ridge mines, which have been worked
about eighteen years, and have yielded about a hundred and
fifty tons per day ; the Girard mines, worked about the same period,
and yielding two hundred tons daily; and mines at Youngstown, which
have been worked eight years. The pay roll of these mines now
bears about $12,000 per month, and the freight bills on the railroad
average $3,000 per week. The coal is mostly brought to Cleveland,
whence it is shipped to Chicago, Milwaukee. Haihilton, and Toronto,
>a large amount going to the latter place.

In 1856, Mr. Morris moved to Cleveland, the amount of business
transacted with this city making this step prudent. Here the firm of
Crawford, Price ct Morris was formed, whicii subsequently became
Price, Crawford & Morris, and finally 3Iorris vV Price. On the 15th of
February, 18G2, he died in the forty-third year of his age.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 335

Mr. Morris was active, industrious, and unfailing in his watclifulncss
over the interests in his charge, both when an emfjloyee and wlion
an enii»h)y('r. His industry set a good example, which tliosc uud«.r
him wcri' induced to follov\-, and in this way labors which would liave
wearied and discouraged men with a less energetic and industrious
manager, were performed with cheerfulness. He was a man of few
words, but his manner and acts spoke more forcibly than words, and
his men learned to obey and respect an employer, who, instead of
ordering and lecturing them, quietly showed them how he wished a
thing l)y setting about it with them. He was careful to restrain his
passions, and to act from judgment instead of from impulse. In this
way he was not only successful in business, and respected by his
business associates, but possessed the esteem and contidence of his
workmen, who, when he lay in his last illness, gathered anxiously to
learn every item of intelligence that could be learned in regard to
his condition,

Mr. Morris was simple and unpretending in his habits, and of a
religious turn of mind. He felt his obligations to God, and during
his later years, especially, was diligent in his attention on Divine
worship. In the closing days of his illness, he was constantly engaged
in prayer, and departed this life in the assured hope of a peaceful and
joyous hereafter.

The disease that carried him off was typhoid fever, with which he
was at first seized in Cleveland, where he lay at his residence for
some weeks. On his partial recovery he visited Girard, where he
suffered a relapse, and after a lingering illness, died at the residence
of his parents. He was buried in Youngstown cemetery, the funeral
exercises being attended by one of the largest assemblages of friends
ever congregated at that place on a similar occasion.

It was feared that with his death the operation of his works would
cease and a large number of people be thus thrown out of employ-
ment. But a short time before his death he had expressed the desire
that the works should be carried on after his departure the same as
before it ; "because,'' said he, " to stop the work would do much harm
to others and no good to us." Mr. Morris appointed his wife, Mrs.
Dorothy Morris, and Mr. Robert :McLaucidan. executors of his will,
and trustees of the estate, Mr, McLauchlan, who had been for a
number of years engaged with the tirm previous to the death of Mr.
Morris, and therefore familiar with all its business detail, had the
additional qualification of being an able tinancier, and possessing a
practical knowledge of all branches of the coal interest, and above

"Ui to ■9-

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336 CLEVELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

all, a character for unimpeachable integrity. His administration has
been eminently successful,

Mr, Morris left a \vife and six children to mourn his loss, the eldest
of whom, Mary, is now the widow of the late A, Y. Cannon, and the
second, William, is a member of the firm of Ward, Morris & Co., coal
dealers. The third, John, is engaged at one of the estate mines, at
Niles, Ohio, the rest being quite young.

W. I. PRICE.

W. I. Price was born in Nantiglo, South Wales, May 21st, 1S23, and
came to the United States with his father when about twelve years
of age. His father settled at Paris, Ohio, where the subject of this
sketch remained until he grew up to man's estate, when he removed
to Cleveland, and was engaged as book-keeper with Messrs. Camp &
Stockly. The confidence of his employers in his business ability and
integrity was soon manifested by their sending him to Chicago as
their agent in the coal business. His stay in that city was marked
by several severe fits of sickness, and he was eventually compelled
to leave that post and return to Cleveland.

Soon after his return he became interested with Lemuel Crawford,
in the business of mining coal, in the early development of which
branch of trade he filled a conspicuous and important part. He often
related, after the coal interest had assumed large proportions, the
dfiiculties to be surmounted in introducing coal as an article of fuel,
especially on the steamboats. Frequently he has sat up all night
watching for the steamers to come in, and tlien almost gave away
coal in order to induce their officers to use it.

The firm of Crawford vt Price was formed in 1S50, With persistent
energy it continued to push its coal business until it assumed consid-
erable proportions, when, in 1S.56, Mr. David Morris became a partner,
and the firm name was changed to Crawford, Price &: Co., and again
in ISoS, to Price, Crawford & Morris. In 1857, the firm of Price,

A ■" >- ' . 1 • Tf :^

be-^oatiii t»ii rr^fiw .©j^jjp.y g'nisrn ot qu -/ryr^ ed I'ttno foa

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'^/if .^fioi]-ioqoi<T &?it£i l.yfrtj:.>v:n hfui Wneini i.

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,^)'nCl 'to tmil .'j»ji1 ,Tr..':l al

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ITS REPRESEXTATIVE MEN. ;»,n7

Morris & Co. was established in Chicago, and Mr. Price was, duriii:;
much of liis time, actively engaged in the extensive coal transactions
of that firm.

Mr. Price was married to Miss Harriet Murray, who died in Ka) after
two years of married lii'e, leaving one child, wliich only survived her
three months. He was married again August 27, lb5G, to Miss Caroline
Anderson, of Manchester, Vermont, daughter of Pev. James Ander-
son, of the Congregational church.

Being in ill health at the time of his second marriage, Mr. Price
with his wife, took a trip to Europe, visiting his old home in Wales,
and returned with his health so much improved that he was scarcely
recognized by his friends.

The year 1S57 was a most trying time for business men. Mr. Price's
labors were arduous in the extreme; his energy was unbounded, and
the labors he was compelled to perform doubtless so over-taxed his
strength that he had not sufficient vitality to recover.

In the Fall of 1858, he had the first serious apprehensions for his
health. A bronchial difficulty from which he suffered, was agirravated
by traveling and exposure, and in the Spring of 1859, he went to New
York for advice. He was told to make another trip to Europe. This
advice was followed, but he returned very little benefited. After a
few weeks he started with his wife on a tour south, intending to
remain there during the Winter. Reaching Charleston, S. C, about
the middle of November, he remained but a short time, and then set
out for the Sulphur Springs, at Aiken. Here he improved rapidly.
but as the cold came on, and the accommodations were poor, it vsas
thought advisable to go further south. At Savannah he remained a
short time, and after wandering from point to point, arrived early in
February at New Smyrna, where a large company of English hunters
made their headquarters. Here they found better food and accom-
modations. After Avandering through the South until about the
middle of May, they returned to New York, where they were met liv
the partner of Mr. Price, Mr. Morris, and Mr. Price's brother Philip.
The latter accompanied them to 3Ianchester, Vermont. The moun-
tain air of that region stopped the couirii of the invalid, and from
Thursday, May 17th, to Monday 21st, he was al)le to sit up, and was
attending to business with his brother all the morninir of the la-i
named day. A friend from Brooklyn called, and with him he con-
versed for half an hour. On rising to bid him good hye, he was seized
"with hemorrhage, and asked to be assisted to bed. He never sj'oke
more, and died in fifteen minutes. His remains weie brought tu

22

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'■'■■<.:< riVl/ 'j:! /i-ni !->o:i; Kiid li;! 01 S.nm'l itO .'.

338 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Cleveland and interred in Erie street cemetery, but were afterwards
removed to Woodland. The last illness of Mr. Price was borne
without a rnnrniur.

Mr. Price was modest and retiring in manner, affable in disposition,
and benevolent to a fault. He was most beloved where best known.
In business cir^^les his integrity was proverbial, and his financial
ability everywhere acknowledged. Few men have died so sincerely
regretted by those who knew him.

James Anderson Price, the only child of the subject of this sketch,
was born April 22d, 185S, and though yet very young, presents in
personal appearance and disposition an exact counterpart of his
father.

D. W. CROSS.

In the Spring of 1855, when the coal trade of Cleveland was,
comparatively, in its infancy, and bef )re the Mahoning Railroad was
built the late Oliver H. Perry and David W. Cross set about investi-
gating the coal deposits in the Mahoning Valley, which resulted in
their making some leases of coal lands, and in purchasing a coal tract
of about one hundred and tifty acres, known then as the old Heaton
coal bank, of Mineral Ridge coal. In January, 1856, Perr}', Cross vfc
Co. commenced operations in earnest, opened an office and coal yard
on Johnson ctTisdale's dock and mined and brought to Cleveland the
first cargo of Mineral Ridge coal. It came by the way of the Penn-
sylvania and Ohio canal from Xiles, Trumbull county, Ohio.

At that time, when a gold dollar was only worth a dollar, the coal
was mined at forty cents per ton, the canal freight about one dollar
and seventy-five cents per ton, '' dead work,"' handling, dockage, etc.,
about seventy-five cents, making the total cost of that coal on the
docks in Cleveland ready for delivery, about two dollars and ninety
cents per ton.

This mine produced about a hundred tons per day. The company
that year also received about eight thousand tons of Briar Hill or
"block coal" from Powers' bank, about two miles below Youngstowu.
This coal was also brought in by canal boats.

•1 m:'1 ■ ! 1

iVfnui A . »•»!':> fi

li itn*; i>9(sku b<r/j jI'joIj

•:)ih ni'i

n\iU[i:(io> edX .7fil> 'iO^i v;;--"- fn-r rrr-f p ';r:-,(h
•10 If; 1 1 jjiiiH "lo HflO>

ITS REPRESENTATUE MEN. .139

In the year 1S50, Hon, Henry B. Payne, ^vlio had an intero^t in the
orifrinal i.urchase of coal lands, with a view of estahlishiiiL' hi- -f.ii,
Nathan I'. Payne, in business, bought the entire interest of Mr. iN-rry
in the concern, and the business was continued in the name of 1). \V.
Cross I.V: Co. Mr. N. P. Payne, then an active young man just lrr»!n
his collegiate studies, took charge of the retail trade, and I-aa«-
Newton had charge of the books. In 1S60, arrangements were made
with the late Lemuel Crawford to run his Chippewa and Briar liill
mines in connection with the- Mineral Ridge mines, and it resulted in
forming the company known as Crawford, Cross & Co., for one year,
at the expiration of which time the firm of Cross, Payne &: Co., com-
posed of D. W. Cross, Nathan P. Payne and Isaac Newton, carried on
the business. This firm made extensive explorations for coal. Tiiey
discovered and opened the Summit bank coal mines, near Akron.
built a locomotive railroad three miles long to the canal at Middle-
bury, and to the Cleveland & Z-inesville and Atlantic et Great West-
ern railroads; repaired the feeder canal from Middlebury to Akron.
built a basin capable of holding eight canal boats, extensive shutes,
docks, (tc, capable of handling four thousand five hundred tons per
day. This coal tract includes between three and^four luindred at-Tes.
The coal is a superior quality of the Massillon grade, about four an.l
a half feet thick, and for steam, manufacturing and domestic u.-c- is
claimed to have no superior. The company employed at this mino
from seventy-five to a hundred and fifty men ; built extensive sh.ifi
works for elevating coal to the surface ; erected about forty cduih-i ta-
ble tenements for the workmen and miners, and, in short, usi-d .ill
their past experience to make this a model mine. It is the noart'>t
coal bank to Cleveland now open.

They also, in connection with the late W. A. Otis, Charles A. Oj;*
and James Lewis, leased and purchased several hundred acres ni i-iMi
lands in Brookfield, Trumbull county, Ohio, and opened the e\ifr.^i\«'
works knov.n as the Otis Coal Company's bank.

A shaft on this tract was sunk to the coal eight by sixteen iV-et au\
a hundred and fifty-five feet deep, in sixty-one days by Isaac ILiii>rvl.
superintendent, through solid rock, said to be the (luickt-st ui.ik
ever known in the valley. This tract produces an excellent (jUiili'v
of the Briar Hill grade of coal; a locomotive railroail <<)nii»-' t- ■»
with a branch of the Mahoning Kailroad, and the works are cii- 1!- ""^
of raining and raising three hundred tons of coal jterday.

In February, 1S()7, Mr. Cross retired from the biisine-N an! \U>
present firm of Payne, Newton & Co., comjiosod i»f N. I'- I" •*•=»•

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340~3'// CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Isaac Newton and Charles J. Sheffield, now carry on the extensive
business of the entire concern. They have ample facilities for
mining and handling five or six hundred tons of coal per day.

After the completion of the Cleveland & ^lahoning Railroad the
Pennsylvania and Ohio canal was abandoned, the Railroad Company
having obtained control of the stock, and fixed so high a tariff' as to
cut otF all competition with themselves. This effectually killed the
canal, except that portion between Akron and Kent. The active
trade on this part of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal will insure its
preservation, and as it is an important feeder (supplying v/ater and
trade) to the Ohio canal, the State will undoubtedly take possession
of it. The capital invested by this concern in the coal trade is about
^250,000.

Since his retirement from the coal trade, Mr. Cross has been
actively interested in the Winslovv Car Roofing Company and the
Cleveland Steam Gauge Company, both carrying on their manufac-
tories in Cleveland.

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.! I SCO lisiij no smx-JiKf) rfJod ,Xiir>quio'-j e^ 0

Religions.

Jvfe'^'^'^^^'^'^^ originally settled by people from Connecticut, Cleveland -.vas
>^ V ^'^^ '^^ ^'s e^i"^y ^^ays distinguished for its religious characteristics Old
■<r>^.-Ji inhabitants narrate how in the infancy of the settlement the whisky shop
was more frequented than the preaching meeting, whenever tliat was held, and
how, on one occasion, a party of scotiing unbelievers bore in mock triumph an
effigy of the Saviour through the streets. A regular meeting of infidels was
held, and burlesque celebrations of the Lord's Supper performed. Still later,
when the business of slaughtering hogs became an important branch of industry,
it was carried on regularly, on Sundays as well as on week-days, and as this
was a leading feature in the year's doings the religious observance of the day
was seriously interfered with during slauglitering season. Trade on the river, in
the busy season, went on with but little regard for the Sundays, except that
Mr. John Walworth invariably refused, although not a church member, to conform
to the usage ot his neighbors in doing business on that day. Unlike tlie
modern emigrants from New England, the Cleveland pioneers did not carry the
church with them.

The first regularly organized religious society in Cleveland was the Episcopal,
which gathered together for religious worsliip in 1817, under the ministration of
the Eev. Roger Searles. The meetings were held wherever a room could be
obtained, the court-house, old academy building, and other public rooms being
frequently used for the puri.03e. In 1S;2^!. Trinity Church was regularly incor-
porated, and the frame building which stood on the corner of Seneca and St.
Clair streets until its destruction by tire in 1«jL!, is remembered with affection
by many Clevelanders as " Old Trinity."

3y

X, .' 313

Vn

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him ,l>[t»H rtS"^ iii'i'^ v<7oiji»i}w ,.!iiirm>'>iir yaiil^js-inx t»jii aedl byJfi-jiifi"jit st'>ra «8W

,Tiii'\ l[i.i<t .Xiaiuaot-j .jq iV'.jijitJ^ e'bfoj -uit 'l«i ■'j.'ioiJis-id'.il'j'j aiipiiwfliid him .W»U

Y'ib ■nil ti. ■^•.navi/ido iiuui-^ilai jji'.f n-jiitioi) a'lfl'jv ytfj ni aii/Jao't '^uihsal s saw

i/>iil t(j:.'.i/-<; ,i!-/Bj)iui'^ tiff) "S'l'l injf."^.'''' wi!!U n»d Jjiw c^ ia-rK ,y>

Tiid ":4iuv'J .tab Mi-il cvw R^,-^nt?:fid -j^fiuib ai Riodi.(j;5bfl aid io 9^*80 offt OJ

,Lfi(.'.f-,ici3. fjt!;f >,/;fr haa!:>v'>l'j r; vfji.i-i '•.^.)/\;!i!4i b-^xi^j/t^io yliaUi-SOT Jeif oifT

•r( hliiao iii'»vr! u •(-r/>'!'i'>U' J'i"'i •■!■'■'■' 'lU'i- \;^!f5 ^iir

;;.;r::'. ! Piii.-'j •.jidi;',: -jM-'ji' LntJ ,'a;i;-bniu! yjij-i|:ji:>a Lio ..

"v'^-- . . ...~.« J

344 CLErELAXl), FAST AND PRESENT:

The next religious (irf^'aui/atiou wus Presbyteriuu. In 1820, a few residents
of Cleveland en<raged the Kev. Kaiidoli)h Slone, pastor of a churcli at Morgan,
Ashtabula county, to devote a third of his ministrations to Cleveland. In June
of that year the first Sunday school Mas established with Elisha Taylor as
superintendent, but it was only by the most persistent effort that it was enabled
to combat the prejudices and overcome the inditTerence of the people. In Sep-
tember, 1820, the First Presbyterian church was formally organized, with fourteen
members, in the old log court-house. In 1827, the society was regularly incor-
porated, and in 18:3-1, the old stone churcli on the Public Square was opened
for worship. During the whole of this time the congregation had no settled
pastor, but was dependent on occasional visits of ministers from other places.

The first attempt at Methodist organization was somewhere between 182-1 and
1827. Methodism was not in favor among the early settlers in Cleveland. The
historian of the Erie Conference relates that a Methodist friend in New England,
who owned land in Cleveland, sent on a deed for the lot on the northeast-
corner of Ontario and Rockwell street, where Mr. Crittenden afterwards built a
large stone house, which lot would have been most suitable for a church, and
that no persoti could be found willing to pay the trilling expense of recording,
or take charge of the deed, and it was returned to the donor. In 1830, Cleve-
land became a station, with Rev. Mr. Plimpton, pastor.

The first Baptist meeting was held in the old academy, in 1832, the Rev.
Richmond Taggart preaching to a handful of believers. In 1833, the First Bap-
tist society was formally organized with twenty-seven members, Moses White and
Benjamin Rouse, who still live in the city, being of the original deacons. In
1836, their first church, on the corner of Seneca and Champlain streets, was
dedicated with a sermon by the Rev. Elisha Tucker, of Buffalo, who was after-
wards called to the pastorate.

About the year 1835. the first Roman Catholic church was built on Columbus
street on the fiats, and was intended to supply the religious needs of the Roman
Catholics of Cleveland and Oliio City, being situated almost midway between the
settled portions of the two places. The first pastor was the Rev. Mr. Dillon.

In 1835, the fir.t Bethel church, for the use of sailors, was built at the back
of the site of Gori.n, McMillan & Co.'s warehouse. It was a plain wooden
structure, which rema':>2d there until the erection of the brick church on Water
street, when the wooden building was removed to make way for the Cleveland,
Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad.

In 1830, tlie first Hebrew synagogue was organized and a brick church was
afterwards built on Eagle street.

■>ilJ a;

u«ir>tiiioc sdi /to ji*£ «»iii -lo't ?.',-;i^i) js iro In'v! .bji/i^« '/.[') «■ -o ©ifw

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.i.'t'ri^' ,Gor.;:inf-( .it/. .■/■o5i' A(! '.' jKriiau a sawj^d baal

,V'>H '.»Ji3 ,l;Ji<?J' ill . r(ii??;.'!>.->^ i.io ■uij •^i ;.!•»;/. e:!f/ •^uii'y^m (>•"'

?.0 ,wao.>*u*h mii£:;o j/ir 'lo *i7iiMf .->_jh £.fir n! -jyii Iiff-; od'' .funtfjil alat&iu9fi

/i)!)i!":.t ■♦•l? ii ;.">'..'! >,•-. -.u'y\ -iJ.r -H'!".!'' '*' h-)l;7'-'j.'-i{ 'jr.// Kfijts ,K!jaft td'i fsp icfrjtifl

.^•;ji<f 'mW t,; <';;.„f .<,(;,w ,:■■.;.' i.<i^ ]., <w ^r ;,.() i,><) ,(ini(iib i<idi'ifS t-riH f){U .tmt ol

■ ■"■' '' fi'i.j ■:; ^fo'iJ '^,1) ';>, 9..>lvr.,i'^ ^ir. icnif in •>]: }rK:' laufn ' ''

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'•'!!ifiii'.i.o fjijivf yn-^iaiiiirr'f'i ,v

.l9W'tl«( ,.,.,.. ..,.jl4

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 345

From tlicfco ffflile beginnings have grown up tLe present religious organiza-
tions of C'l'V.iiind, numbering about seventy churches, many of them of great
beauty and osilincss, with flourishing Sunday schools and wealthy congr-?gations.
The leading denominations have each several churches graded, from stately build-
ings for the older and wealthier congregations to the modest mission chapels.
Nearly all the religious beliefs of the day are represented by organizations in
the city, and all are in a flourishing, or at least a growing condition.

iA to

346 CLEVELAXD. FAST A \' D 1>RESE,\'J :

SAMUEL C. AIKEN.

The ancestors of ^Nlr. Aiken were from the North of Ireland,
particularly from Londonderry, Antrim and Belfast. At an early
day one or two colonies came over to this country and settled on a
tract of land on the ^lerrimac River, in New Hampshire, calling it
Londonderry, alter the name of the city from which most of them had
emigrated. Fragments of these colonies were soon scattered over
New England, and a few families moved to Vermont and purchased
a tract of land midway between the Green ^Mountains and Connec-
ticut River. The township was at first called Derry, and afterwards
divided, one portion retaining the original name, and the other taking
the name of Windham. In the latter town Dr. Aiken was born,
September 21, 1791. His parents were both natives of Londonderry,
New Hampshire. Before their marriage, his mother, whose maiden
name was Clark, resided a considerable portion of her time in Boston,
with a l)rother and three sisters, and was there when the Revolution-
ary war broke out. When the city fell into the hands of the British,
they refused to let any one leave. By some means however Miss
Clark escaped and crossed over to Cambridge, where the American
army was stationed under General Washington. After questioning
her as to her escape and the situation of allairs in the city, Washing-
ton told her, that, in the present condition of the country it was
unsafe for her to travel unprotected, and accordingly gave her an
escort, proving that the great General was also mindful of the courte-
sies of a gentleman.

When about twelve or thirteen years of age. Dr. Aiken, after a
preparatory course, entered Middlebury college, in l^lo. In his
junior year a long fit of sickness placed him under the care of a
physician from Georgia, who bled him forty times and gave him
calomel and julep, (such was the way of curing fever.) sufficient to
destroy the best constitution. The consequence was, his health was
so impaired that he was obliged to leave college for a year. After-
wards returning he entered the class of 1S14. In both classes were
quite a number of young men who became distinguished in Church
and State. Among them was Sylvester Larned, the eloquent
preacher of New Orleans, Levi Parsons and Pliney Fisk, tirst mis-

1 II008 aiew aeiftoIoD se^ril 'lo &in im^

I

id 9jIj *1o ^iniiid »ib oJm llVi yjio mil ti^A'^f Auo 9'Aoi6 -lew ^'is

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:■ 'i'jiiK ,ii£'/iiy. :\(\ ,o^:,.ii 'to S'Jiiov ;:-39i'iiili to 9'.' o;;?'

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEW 347

sionaries to Pak\stine, Carlos Wilcox, the poet, Silas Wrij^ht, after-
wards (lovenior of New York State, and Samuel Nelson, now on
the Boncli of tiie Supreme Court of the United States.

Dr. Aiken's iirst religious impressions were occasioned by reading
Doddridge's Kise and Progress of Peligion in the Soul. Faithful
parental instruction in the Bible and Shorter Catechism had laid the
foundation for belief in the truth of religion. A revival of religion
soon after entering college aw^akened a new and solemn purpose to
devote his life to the work of the Gospel ministry. The usual course
of three years at Andover Theological Seminary was passed without
any special occurrence. He was then called by the *' Young Men's
Missionary Society'" in New York, to labor in their service in that
city. He had but just entered the field when an urgent request from
the First Presbyterian society in Utica, New York, took him to that
place, then only a small village, where he was ordained and installed,
the third of February, ISIS. Some events of deeij interest occured
while he was in Utica. The building and completion of the Erie
canal was one. The cholera in 1S32, was another. It was there and
then this fatal epidemic first appeared in the United States. In Utica
also during his ministry were several revivals of religion of great
power and interest. ^Moreover, about that time the subject of anti-
slavery began to be agitated; opposition and mobs began to gather,
which, under the control of the Almighty, have resulted in the eman-
cipation of millions of slaves.

Impaired health, after about nineteen years of labor, with very
little relaxation or relief by traveling, ' such as is common now,
determined him to accept a call from the First Presbyterian church
and society in Cleveland, over which he was installed pastor in
November, ISoo. Aalthough the churcluhad been organized fifteen
years, Rev. Mr. Aiken was the first regular pastor. The ministerial
duties were performed by supplies.

Soon after Mr. Aiken was installed pastor, a great financial revul-
sion took place ; and for a period of about ten years he voluntarily
relinquished three hundred .lollnrs out of his salary of fifteen
hundred, lest it should prove burtheusome to the church. This low
tide in financial matters was characterized by remarkable religious
developments ; slavery, temperance and ]Millerism became church
questions ; and it was regarded as the peculiar mission of Mr. Aiken
to distinguish between truth and error. His moderation, judicious
advice, and devoted character were just calculated to conduct his
charge safely through the distractions of that period. The society

li'jil? ill ■lodiJ 01 M'ioi 'nfiYi ni

!I qaoD to

;oij'J iA .?Mf\Y<^j i^'ijjnl] '->iilt m hfyt<'.e:(\4n j<;'ili '.jini'jfurrs i>7ifiraff{i narfi

.S'3V.(d> lO ■

di'v>i ?!-;i:,;r!:.rrfl "tS^-C!i, ^ ,10t;:)-.(] Jj-MfitV

v/ol :di!T ,;j '■jif.i'i -yA] o

■ ' '. :'Af. ')■'.< ;u'!^,K!>;! ^P.Ww >':■■): on'; ^:; , , . : .

": J jj.''.'- i»{f'l Jju. ... .,.,.-,.

348 CLEVELASD, PAST AND PRESE.XT:

increased at such a rate that the building- became crowded, and
another church was organized for the West .Side. On the East Side a
Congregational church was ibrmed about the year 1S40, to which
some of the more radical members of the First Presbyterian church
went over. In process of time the nucleus of the Second Presbyte-
rian church on Superior street, and the Third, on Euclid street, were
formed out of the First church, not because of any dissatisfaction,
however, but for want of room. But, notwithstanding these offshoots,
a new and larger edifice became necessary, and in lb53, the present
enlarged, elegant and substantial building was put up on the site of
that ot" 1834.^ In March, lb57, the wood work of this spacious stone
structure was destroyed by fire.

In his physical constitution, with which the mental is closely
allied, Mr. Aiken is deliberate, to a degree which some have greatly
mistaken for indolence. But with a commanding person, and strong
will this habitual absence of excitement was never tame, but rather
impressive. He seldom rose above the even tenor of his discourse,
but never fell to commonplace, was generally interesting and
occasionally eloquent. His sermons were not hasty compositions,
without a purpose, but well studied, rich with original and important
thought, artistically arranged and glowing with genuine piety and
embellished with scholastic treasures. Dr. Aiken possessed the
accomplishment, and understood the value of good reading, so rare
in the pulpit, and which is scarcely inferior to eloquence. We
remember but few occasions when he became thoroughly aroused.
The destruction of so fine a church edifice so soon after it was
completed seemed to him a personal calamity. On the following
Sunday the congregation met in Chapin's Hall. His heart was
evidently full of grief; but also of submission. His fine enunciation,
correct emphasis^ and strong yet suppressed feelings, secured the
earnest attention of every hearer. He touched graphically upon the
power of fire; how it fractures the rock, softens ol)durate metals,
envelopes the prairies in tlame, and how it seized upon the sears,
ceiling and roof in his darling house of worship, thence fiercely
ascending the spire to strive to rise still higiier, and invade the
clouds. From this he turned to the doctrine of submission, in a
manner so earnest and pathetic that a perceptil)le agitation pervaded
the audience, in which many could not suppress their tear>. There
was no laboring after effect. It was the natural result of a lofty
sentiment, expressed with unction, beauty and vigor.

During the same year the General Assembly of the Presbyterian

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ITS REPRESEXTATIVE MEN. ;U0

Church was held at Cleveland. The slavery question was there
presented for the last time. The Southern members, reprcscnt(Mi hy
Rev. Mr, Ross, of Alabama, had counted upon what they called a
conservative course, on the part of Mr. Aiken, They wished, sini])ly,
to be let alone. From the Middle States there were many cleriryman
of moderate views, who expected him to take their ground, or, at
least, to be silent. Ele had advised non-resistence to the execution
of the fugitive slave law, even on the part of the blacks, in cases
where governmental officials were implicated. As usual, the negro
question came up, and a large portion of a day was given to it.

Until near the close of the debate the representatives of the
Middle and Southern States were quite hopeful of a moderate policy,
or of no policy. 3[r. Aiken sat near the marble pulpit in the Second
church without any apparent interest in the discussion. He rose and
spoke with difliculty and in a weak voice, and few words. In a
temperate but firm and patriarchal manner he recounted the various
phases of the question, during his public ministry. He then touched
upon the moral and religious aspect of the case, but with no assever-
ation, and concluded by denouncing slavery as an evil, so monstrous
that the church could neither sustain nor ignore it. The silence was
so complete that no word was lost. When he sat down, the Southern
members remarked that their fate within the church was settled.

On a previous public occasion in 1851, when the Columbus Railway
was just completed, and an excursion of State dignitaries made a trial
trip to Cleveland, Mr. Aiken was requested to preach in their
presence. As this discourse is one of a very few that have been
printed, we can give a few literal extracts :

It was my pri\-ilef;e on the Lord's day to address De Witt Clinton and the Canal
Commissioners of New York in recognition of the beneficient hand of Providence, who
had carried them on to the completion of the Erie Canal. In a moral and relifjious, as
well as in a social and commercial point of view, there is something both solemn and
sublime in the completion of a great thoroughfare. It indicates not only the march oi
mind and a higher type of society, but tlu- evolution of a divine purpose.

In his quarter century sermon, June ^3d, 1850, he says of revivals :

They are as their Divine Author says, like the breath of wind through fragrant trees
and flowers, scattering grateful odors, pervading the univej-sal church with the treasured
sweetncjss of divine grace. If my success has not been as great as I would wi.sh, it is
as great as I had reason to expe<-t. I confess I have much to deplore, and much for
which to be thankful. There have been adverse influences here to counteract those
usually falling to the lot of other uiiui>ters. S<j fur as the subject of slavery is con-
cerned I have endeavored without the tear or lavor of man to preserve a course best
calculated to promote freedom and save the church from dismemberment.

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350 CLEVELAXl), PAST A \D PRESENT:

With such a style, pers])iouous, easy and impressive, it is easy to
see how he might thoroughly absorb tlie attention of an audience,
without atfecting the orator. 11" he had been more ambitious and
more enterprising, he might have risen liitrher as a popular preacher,
but would have held a lower place in tiie ailections of his people.
The position of a ijastor in an active and growing city is beset with
difficulty on all sides. To retain place and inlluence in one congre-
gation during a period of thirty-five years is an evidence of prudence^
character and stability of purpose more to be desired than outside
fame in the church.

Though not yet arrived at extreme old age, he is too feeble to
perform much service. It is ten years since he has retired from
active duty, but his congregation continue his annual salary by an
unanimous vote. Few clergyman are permitted to witness, like him,
the fruits of their early labors. He has contributed largely to shape
the religious institutions of a city, while it was increasing in popula-
tion from three thousand to ninety thousand. We remember but one
instance where he was drawn into a newsptaper discussion. This was
in the year ISio, in which he reviewed the decrees of the Council of
Trent in relation to the prohibition of the Scriptures to the common
people. The letters of '• Ciericus" and " Veritas'- on that subject
covered the whole ground on both sides, and are worthy of publica-
tion in a more permanent form.

The Rev. Doctor sustained the relation of pastor to the First
Presbyterian church until 1S5S, when he resigned, leaving the Rev.
Dr. Goodrich sole pastor. The whole extent of his uiinistry from the
time of his license by the Londonderry Presbytery, ISiT, to the
present time, ^.larch, 1SG9, has been about fifty-three years. During
forty-three years of this period he has been a pastor in only two
congregations. The other portion of this time he lias preached and
labored in vacant churches and wliere there was no church, as health
and opportunity permitted.

The Doctor still resides in Cleveland, beloved by the church over
which for so many years he watched and prayed, and honored in a
community in which he has so long been recognized as an unswerv-
ing advocate of right.

Retired from active duty, and nearing, as he is, the sunset of life,
his quiet hours may l)ring to him remembrances of vigorous ellbrt
and unmeasured usefulness, while his gentle nature may be cheered
by the consciousness that lie still holds the love of this people.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 351

SEYMOUR W. ADAMS.

The subject of this sketch, Rev. Seymour Webster Adams, D. D.,
was born at Vernon, Oneida county, New York, August 1, 1S15. His
father's name was Isaac Adams and his mother's maiden name was
Eunice Webster — she was a niece of Noah Webster, the great Ameri-
can lexicographer. His mother is still living. His father died in
1S61. Dr. Adams was possessed of remarkable equanimity of temper-
ament, a healthful constitution and great powers of application and
endurance. These traits, the home influences under which he was
nurtured, developed in a high degree. His early years were passed
upon his fathers farm at Yernon and in the home circle. Having
before him constantly not only the example of right living, as gener-
ally esteemed, but of holy living, he could not do otherwise than
profit greatly by the example set before him. But he did not only
profit by this example — he went much further. It is said of him,
""As a son he was docile, loving, tenderly attached to his kindred,
profoundly obedient and reverent towards his parents, whose wish
was the law of his heart, and whom he loved to call blessed."

At the age of seventeen he became a member of the Baptist
church at Yernon, and soon after this entered upon a course of
preparation for a liberal education and in due time he entered
Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, from which he graduated
after a full course, taking a very high position in his class.

That the leading traits of his character while young may be
appreciated, some of his early writings are here referred to.

Soon after entering upon his collegiate course he wrote upon
"Integrity of Character," and among other things remarked that the
man who suffers his principles to !)e violated '• sacrifices his honor,
barters all that is noble and adniiral)Ie, and abandons those principles
to which he should cling with an unyielding grasp."

Oq an'other occasion a little further on he is found maintaining
the necessity of the exercise of the physical and intellectual powers
of man " as a wise provision of the Sovereign Kuler of the world" for
man's happiness, and he muintains that not onl}^ in this should th?re
be activity but energy.

Afterwards, in 1S41, when he had become a senior and was about

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352 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

to bid adieu to college life, he chose as the subject of his oration,
"Development of Character," maintaining that no one can become
"deservedly great"' who does not encounter and overcome the
impediments and difficulties constantly presenting themselves. He
says: "Difficulties may long have met the aspirant at every
step and been for years his constant companions, yet so far from
proving detrimental, they have been among the most efficient means
for preparing him for vigorous eftbrt to surmount still greater
barriers."

These references are deemed sufficient to indicate the principles
and leading traits of the youthful Seymour W.Adams, and as we shall
see, were his unvarying guides through life. To him it was the same
to resolve as to perform, for whether in earlier or later life he never
put his hand to the plow and looked back. Therefore, having
resolved to become a Christian minister, he never swerved from that
resolution for a single moment, but went forward with his mind fixed
upon his purpose and object as the mariner's upon his guiding star.
In pursuance of his previous determination, in the Fall of 1S41 he
entered the Hamilton Theological Seminary at Hamilton, ]\[adi5on
county, New York, from which in regular course he graduated, and
after acting as ministerial supply in one or two places, he was called
to and accepted the pastorate of the Baptist church at Vernon, his
native place, having previously received ordination. Here he was
greatly beloved by his people and continued there quietly pursuing
his duties, until sought out at his village home and invited to accept
the vacant pastorate of the First Baptist church of Cleveland, Ohio.

"When first invited to the Cleveland pastorate he refused to listen,
and declined to entertain the call ; but upon the matter being further
pressed upon him, upon the second call he consented to visit Cleve-
land for the purpose of becoming acquainted with the people and
learning their situation, but was careful to give them no encourage-
ment that he would accept their invitation.

Mr. Adams came to Cleveland in pursuance of this call October
19th, 1846, and after remaining three weeks returned home to Vernon,
leaving it in great doubt whether he would return here. In about a
month afterwards, the church at Cleveland calling him was relieved
of suspense by his acceptance of the pastorate. He entered upon it
November 22d, 1840. The subject of his discourse on this occasion
was :

" For thej watch tor your souls as they that must give account." — Heb. siii, IT.

A few words as to this discourse is deemed not out of place here.

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Its REPRESENTATIFE MEN. 3;V>

as it has become historic in the church to v.hich it w;is delivered.
The doctrine of the discourse was the reciprocal duty of pastor and
people. Kcference will only be made to what appertains to the
pastor. He laid down most rigid rules for him — " that he sliould
be a holy man," — that he should be one that " hath clean hands and
a pure heart ; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity." 'J'liat
the injunction was laid upon him, "" Keep thyself pure ;" that as the
conduct of the minister is observed by many it should be titting as
an example to others "in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit.
in faith, in purity.'' That in preparation for preacliing the AVord
"time, thought and prayer must be given — that the burden of all his
preaching should be * Christ and him crucified.' "'

How well he observed these will appear hereafter in the language
of those who made addresses at his funeral, or soon afterwards. Tlie
reader is also referred to the Memoir of Dr. Adams, edited by Judge
Bishop.

In this pastorate Dr. Adams continued till his decease. No
extended reference can be made to his labors in so brief a sketch
as this. A mere summary onl}'- can be given of his life work.
The number of sermons preached by him, including addresses at
funerals, is three thousand four hundred and ninety-three ; number of
marriages solemnized, three hundred and fifty-two : number of funerals
attended, five hundred and four; number received into the church,
including those received both b}^ letter and baptism, about seven
hundred. In addition to his other labors, in 1S5S-9, he wrote the life
of Rev. Dr. Nathaniel Kendrick, so long and honorably known as the
founder of the Hamilton Theological School, and which has since
grown to be Madison University and Hamilton Theological Seminary.
While in this work all display and all mere ornament is avoided, it is
a work of decided merit, requiring severe application and patient
industry to accomplish it. His surviving wife has said that "his
p.astoral labors were prosecuteil reirardles^^ of self.''

He was three times married. First to ]\Iiss Caroline E. Griggs,
who died April, 1S47. Second, January, 1840, to Mrs. Cordelia C.
Peck, widow of Rev. Linus M. Reck, and daughter of Rev. Dr.
Nathaniel Kendrick; she died Octol-er, 1S52. Third, to Miss Augusta
Hoyt, August, 1S55, who is the motlier of his lour surviving children.

He was not only a Christian minister, l)Ut lie was a true Christian
patriot, and never, during all liie leirible struggle for the life of the
nation, when he olfered prayer, did he fail (o remember his countrv.
Nearly the last work of his life was to accept an appointment in the

23

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354 CLEVELAND. PAST AND PRESENT:

Christian Commission to render service in Washington and at the
iront, relieving and comforting the sick and wounded of our army.

On the sixth of July, 1SG4, he returned home from this service,
quite unwell, but he thought he could find no space for repose, and
labored on more intensely than ever, all which time a crisis was
approaching which he did not anticixjate. He at last began to per-
ceive symptoms of severe illness, and Sabbath, September Ulh, he
preached his last sermon to his people from Heb. iii : 7, 8. ''To-day
if ye will hear his voice harden not your hearts," etc. All that can
be said here of this discourse is, that if he had known it was his last
he could not have spoken more appropriately or warned more earn-
estly. From the preaching of this discourse he went to the siclv-room,
.and on the 27th of September, lbG4,, Dr. Adams bade adieu to earth
and passed away.

His funeral was attended September 30th, by a great multitude of
mourners and friends, at the First Baptist church, and a large number
of the clergymen of Cleveland participated in the solemnities.

This sketch can not be better concluded than by referring briefly
to some of the remarks made on that occasion, as a fitting testimonial
to the character and worth of Dr. Adams.

Remarks, 1st, by Rev. Dr. Aiken :

I have known liim intimately, and I have tlionj^ht, as I have seen him on the street.
of that passage of Scripture, " Behold an Israelite indeed in whom tliere is no guile," for
there was no guile in him. You might read his profession in his d&ily life. He com-
mended daily the Gospel that he preached, and gave living witness of its power and
showed that he loved the truth. He was eminently successsul as a pastor and useful in
the cause of the Redeemer.

2d, by Rev. Dr. Goodrich :

There was manifest a diligence in his study and a thoroughness of thought which
commanded increased respect the longer we listened to him. Ilis life and character made
him felt in this community even more than his words. He preached one day in the week
to his own flock, but he lived forth the (Jospel of Christ every day before the world.
There was in him a sincerity and consistency which could not be hid. He was trans-
parent as crystal and honest as a little child. Xo man ever doubted him. He was always
himself, true, manly, faithful. Men, as they passed him in the street, said to themselves,
" There is a man who believes all the Gospel he preaches." He is gone, but his works
follow him. " Being dead he yet speaketh."

3d, by Rev. Dr. Hawks :

' Posse.«sed naturally of a strong intellect, he disciplined it by the severe process of
thought and study. His scholarship was accurate and tlioiougli, his reading extt-nsiv*^
and profitable, by means of these ho inteiidt-d to sfrvf, as lie did, Christ and tiie (Imrch.
Dr. Adams was a pastor as well as preacher. He taught not only publicly liut Iroiu
house to house.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN

y,.y.i

J. A. THOME.

James Armstrong Thome was born in Augusta, Kentucky, January
20, 1S13. He is of Scotch descent on his lather's side, and of North
Irish by his mother, a native Armstrong of the border land. His
father was a Presbyterian of the Scotch type, and a ruling elder in the
church. His mother was a Methodist of the original Wesleyan order
and period, having been converted under the labors of the Wesleys
at the age of nine. This difference of the parents in religious beliefs
and church affinities remained unchanged till the death of the mother.
each attending their respective meetings; yet, wide as the distinction
then was, and warm as the prevalent feeling was, between Presb}^-
terians and Methodists, particularly in Kentucky, there was neither
sectarian width nor warmth between the godly pair, the twain were
one flesh and one spirit in Christ Jesus.

The son usually followed his father to church, though he sometimes
accompanied his mother; and during week-day evenings he liad the
double advantage of going to prayer-meeting with the one, and to
class-meeting with the other. To this two-fold, yet harmonious,
religious training in childhood the son is indebted for a breath of
religious sentiment and sympathy which made him early a Presby-
teria-Methodist in heart, and led him subsequently to the mid-way
ground of Congregationalism, where many a Presbyterian and many
a Methodist have met in Christian unity.

He owes his early conversion to tlie faithful teachings and pious
example of his parents, to their religious instruction, to family
worship, to Sabbath observance, to sanctuary means, in prosecution
of the covenant his parents entered into with God when thev con>e-
crated him in infancy.

The son's first great sorrow came when he was in his ninth year,
in the death of his mother. The loss was irreparable, but it led liim
to Christ. From the sad moment when the dying mother laid lier
hand upon his head and spoke in words never to be forcotten her last
benediction, sorrow for the sainted dead was blended with i eneten-
tial sorrow towards God, and prayers and tears cried to heaven fur

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350 CLEVELAM), PAST AXD PRESEXT:

mercy. It was not, however, until the age of seventeen that tlie blind
seeker found the Saviour, and conscious peace in llim. This hapjjy
event was immediately ioUowed by union with tlie Presbyterian
church, and this by personal consecration to the miiiistry. Just
before his conversion, his college course, early begun, had been
completed. Three years were spent in furtlier study, and in travel,
and general observation bearing on the chosen calling of life.

At the opening of Lane Seminary, under the Theological headship
of Dr. Lyman Beecher, the young divinity student chose that school
of the prophets, and joined its first class in ISoo. It was a class
destined to be made famous by a discussion, in its first year, of the
slavery question, then beginning to be agitated by the formation of
an anti-slavery society on the basis of immediate emancipation, and b}'
the active agitation of the subject in the neighboring city, Cincinnati,
whereby the mobocratic spirit w^as aroused, whence threats of sacking
the seminary buildings, and thereupon alarm and hasty action of the
trustees, disallowing further agitation, and enjoining the disbanding
of the society. The students, too much in earnest to yield, after
unavailing attempts at reconciliation with the authorities, the
professors mediating, and Doctor Beecher conjuring his beloved
pupils to stay with him, seceded in a body, in December, 183-f. The
young Kentuckian, son of a slave-holder, became a thorough convert
to the doctrine of emancipation, joined the anti-slavery society,
agitated with his brethren, delivered an address at the first anniver-
sary of the American Anti-Slavery Society, in New York, May, 1834,
and seceded with the class. "A Statement of the Reasons which
induced the Students of Lane Seminary to Dissolve their Connection
with that Institution'" — a j)amphlet of twenty-eight pages, signed by
fifty-one names, and bearing date December 15, 1834, was published
and went over the land, and the city, intensifying the agitation at
home, and raising it throughout the country. Among the signatures
to this document are those of Theodore D. Weld, H. B. Stanton,
George Whipple, J. W. Alvord, George Clark, John J. ^titer, Amos
Dresser, (afterwards scourged in the Public Sipiare of Nashville,)
William T. Allen, son of a slaveholding Presbyterian minister in Ala-
bama, and James A. Thome.

Exiled from the Seminary halls, these rebel reformers took refuge
in a building hard by the city, and extemporized a Tiieological
school, themselves being both lecturers and students, Tlie following
Spring, negotiations being matured for adding a Tiieological dei)arl-
ment to the Oberlin Institute bv the accession of Professors Finney

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and iM()r-:;ui, the seceders went in a body to Oljcrlin, \\\\vrv t!if\
prosecuted their i)reparations lor the ministry, which wcrc ((Jinpk'hd
in 1S3(). AniOMi^- thes-e first graduates of Oberlin Theoh)- icai Sruiiiiarv
was J. A. 'Jlionie. TJie Winter of 1S35-(.I, lie liad spent in lecturiu- on
, anli-shivery in Oiiio, under commission of the American Anti-Slavorv
Society. The Winter of f^oC-7, he, v/ith Jos. Horace Ivindjull. ot
New Hampshire, visited the British West India Islands to investi-
gate the results of the abolition of slavery, two years prior, by act ot
Parliament. A volume entitled "Emancipation in the West Indies ''
prepared by Mr. Thome, and published, in IS:}?, by the American Anti-
Slavery Society at New York, embodied these observations. The
l)Ook was timely and told elliciently on the reform in this country.
The Winter of ISST, was passed in Kentucky, the abolitionist living
auiong slaveholders, and olliciating as the minister in the church of
his father. The next Spring he accepted a call to the chair of
Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in Oberlin college, and in September
following was married to Miss Ann T. Allen, daughter of John Gould
Allen, Esq., of Fairfield, Connecticut. After ten years of professorial
labors, in association with men of great worth, most of whom still
retain their connection with the college, Mr. Thome entered upon
the [)ast()ral work, December, 1S4S, in connection with the church
of which he is still the pastor.

He has enjoyed a pastorate of twenty years, uninterrupted by
serious ilbhealth, and cheered by successive revivals and consequent
accessions to the church, which, having a membership at the beirin-
ning of his pastorate of little over one hundred, now numbers over
three hundred, after many losses by dismission and death,

Mr. Thome, early converted to anti-slavery, and consistently
devoted to that cause, has lived to see slavery abolished in America.
In addition to the volume on West India Emancipation, he wrote in
1850, a book on Slavery in America, which was published by the
British Anti-Slavery Society. Since, a Prize Tract on Prayer for the
Oppressed, also a tract during the war on "What are we Fi^ditin"-
for?" and a treatise on "The Future of the Freed People.''

At the earnest solicitation of tlio Secretaries of the American
Missionary Association, and with the generous consent of his church
Mr. Thome, accompanied by his wife and daughter, went abroad
early in 1SG7, to secure pecuniary as^isfanro from the friends of the
freedmen in England and Scotland for their education and evan^^el-
ization. lie was absent on tliis mission one year. The result of his
ellbrts have not yet ceased to be realized.

:'i

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358 CLEVELAXD, r.lST AND PRESENT:

After thirty years of iiiihroken domestic felicity, three beloved
daughters having been reared to womanhood in the enjoyment of the
Christian's hope, and two of them happily wedded, Mr. Thome and
his wife were overwhelmed with sorrow by the sudden death, on the
last day of April, ISO'J, of their second daughter. Mrs. Maria E.
Murphy, wife of Mr. Thos. ^Murpliy, of Detroit. A lady of singular
amiability, purity, and Christian excellence, she was endeared by her
sweet graces to rich and poor, to young and old, throughout the
circle of her acquaintances.

WILLIAM H. GOODRICH.

Rev. William H. Goodrich, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian
Church of Cleveland, is a native of New Haven, Conn. His ances-
try is among the most honorable know^n in American society. His
father was the late Rev. Chauncey A. Goodrich, D. D., a greatly dis-
tinguished professor in Yale College; and his grandfather, Hon.
Elizur Goodrich, for some years a representative in Congress, and
for twenty years Mayor of New^ Haven ; and his great-grandfather,
Rev. Elizur Goodrich, D. D., distinguished both as a clergyman and
an astronomer. His mother was the daughter of Noah "Webster,
LL. D., the lexicographer.

He graduated at Yale college, and was subsequently a tutor in
that institution. He studied theology at the New Haven Theological
Seminary. While tutor, it was his duty to preserve order about the
college grounds, and he received, (though not from a student.) during
a night disturbance, a severe injury upon the head, which put his
life in peril and interrupted mental labor for a long period. A part
of this time was spent abroad in IS-tS ; and it was not till 1850 that he
entered steadily upon the duties of his profession. He was first
settled as pastor of the Congregational Church of Bristol, Connecti-
cut, where he remained four years. He was then called to the
pastorate of the Presbyterian Church in Bingharaton, N. Y., where
he remained till 1S5S, when he removed to this city, where, for eleven

HOIHCIOOD .11 KA!,UIW

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 350

years, !,is MsiMlslry has been marked !.y very great success. 'M„. pi-os-
peroiis .oiMhhOii of the churcli iiiulcr Iiis care, to-etlier with ahiio.t
unpar;tlK-h'a aKacliitient Ijetween pastor and people, adonl cvMcnce
of (lie ahilily and faithfulness with which he lias dischar-^:ed hi> min-
isterial (hilies. To remarkable mental vigor, he adds great delira'ry
of cI.anHier an.1 the wannest sympathies; and those who know in'osi
of him, n'gard it as no partial judgment which awards him a front
rank among preachers and pastors.

Mr. (loodrich has enjoyed the best of opportunities, and is a
writer of rare taste and rhetorical force, and an eloquent aiid impres-
sive s]»eaker. As a preacher he is never speculative and theoretical,
never dogmatic nor sectarian, but eminently spiritual and practical.
But the strongest point in his character is his downright, never-
failing comvion sense. He never blunders, and never has to apolo-ize
for important mistakes committed. He is remarkable for insigirt to
the character of all with whom he has to do. This trait give's him
inlluence with many who care little for the gospel which he preaches.
Though not conspicuously demonstrative in his outward life, and
though free from all approach to obtrusiveness, so earnest and direct
are his ways, that he becomes known to thousands with whom he has
no personal acquaintance.

In this country it is generally regarded as a misfortune to have
had a grandfather. Most Americans who have reached distinction
for abilities and usefulness, have been the sons of parents unknown
to fame. As a general' rule, self-made men are the only well-made
men. By the force of their own energies they have surmounted the
diificulties that stood in their pathway, and achieved distinction by
their own efforts. There are very few prominent men in our counlr'v
whose fathers and grandtathers have left names which will live for a
score of years in the memory of society. But to this general truth
the history of our country affords honorable exceptions. The sons of
certain families distinguished for wealth, for talent and for the highest
position in society, have been so wisely and prayerfully trained that
they have escaped the dangers which have proved fatal to most of
those who have inherited honored names, and to this class Mr
Goodrich belongs. Though not ignorant of the truth that his ancestry
is held in the highest honor by all good men, it seems never to have
occurred to him that anything less than his own personal labors and
merits would avail to give him a good name with those whose good
opinion is desirable. ''The poet is born, not made." Character is
made^ not lorfi.

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360 CLErELAND, RIST AND PRESENT:

In 1807, Mr. Goodricli was prostrated by severe illness, which for a
season filled the hearts of his friends with most painful apprehension,
but the prayers of a loving people were answered, and after an
interim of six months he again resumed the duties of his pastorate.
It soon became apparent, however, that while the " the spirit" was
*' willing," " the tlesli" was " weak,"' and tliat a longer respite Nvas
necessarj^ before he could again enter upon his work with his wonted
zeal. Hoping to renew his impaired energies by a temj)orary release
from care, and in the j)leasures of travel, ]\lr. Goodrich, with his wife,
sailed for Europe in 1S68, where he remained for eight months,
re-visiting the scenes with which he had become acquainted twenty
years before. The ultimate object of his tour was secured, and at
the close of the year he returned to his people in excellent health,
and with an enriched experience from vrhich he seemed to draw new
inspiration for his work.

Soon after his return from abroad, the rapidly failing health of his
mother, residing in Xew Haven, became to him a constant source of
solicitude, more especially so from the fact of his being the sole
surviving child of that once happy and affectionate household. His
departure for Europe had been saddened by the sudden death of his
only brother. Rev. Chauncey Goodrich. In the month of August,
1869, that mother passed from a life which seemed rounded to com-
pleteness, into the "day-break of heaven,'' leaving this son, Rev.
William H. Goodrich, to rear the tablet to her memory, and to go out
from a vacant, voiceless home, the last of his household.

But a cxuarter of a century has laid grand-parents, parents, brother
and sisters in the grave.

At the i)resent writing, Mr. Goodrich is once more united to his
people, and we but give utterance to the general voice in the desire,
that in the love and confidence of this church and community, he
may find solace for his bereavements ; and that henceforth Cleveland
may be the home of his adoption, and the field of his labors.

■In 'lo .ioj:i Nflj asoil

J),!o>ioyi;LKi ^hl a. :iM.! ^Kl-^jOraOil ^ai^idoiov ,iaa:)jjY,^ iOiOTft

ITS KEPRESENTATIVE MEK. :i(!l

ISAAC ERRETT.

AinoiiiT the jn-eachers and writers of the nineteentli century who
have pleaded lor a return to primitive Christianity, the subject of tins
notice stands ])re-eniinently among' the most distinguished. For
more than ihirty-five years he has been connected with tlie Disciples,
and, during the greater portion of tliat time, has been an earnest, able
and successful advocate for their plea for reformation.

Isaac Errett was born in the city of New York, January 2, 1S20.
His father was a native of Arklow, county of Wicklow, Ireland, and
his mother was a native of Portsmouth, England. His paternal
grandfather was shot down in sight of his own house during the
Irish rebellion of 179S. His immediate parents were both of Protes-
tant families, and became identified with the Disciples in New York
city, as early as ISll — the father being an elder in the original church
iu that place. Hence, the son was trained from infancy in the prin-
ciples which he now cherishes, and, in the Spring of 1S32, at Pitts-
burgh, I'enusylvania — where his mother had moved soon after the
death of his father, in 182.5 — when only a little over twelve years of
age, at a time when the church was without preaching, under the
instruction of his mother, he, in company with an elder brother, went
forward and asked the privilege of baptism. He was baptized by
Robert McLaren, one of the elders of the church.

He now became a diligent student of the Word of God, and, under
many embarrassing circumstances, made constant and encouraging
progress.

From the time he was ten years old he has been dependent upon
his own personal exertions for a living; hence his respectable educa-
tion has been gathered in the midst of toil and care, by dint of
untiring, industrious application.

While laboring as farmer, miller, lumberman, bookseller, printer,
schoolteacher, and editor, he never ceased to augment his stock of
useful knowledge, and to use whatever opportunities he had for the
discipline of his mental powers.

He commenced preaching in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
in the Spring of 1S40, and soon gave promise of the distinguished
position which he has since iield as a preacher of the Gospel.

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'':<q-Oi * '^'jii 'Jo T-fii'.M-O'iij i) •-.i; i/i'ul -vj.; , , . , ^ , ,.,...,,...4

362 CLEVELAM), PAST AMD PRESENT:

He enjoyed the advantaues of frequeiii and intimate association
with AValter Scott, Tlioinas Camphel], Ah'xander Campbell, and most
of the eavly advocates of primitive Christianity in the West; and his
association with these men was of incalculable advantage to him, for
they not only gave him valuable instruction in the principles of the
Reformation, but he was enabled, by coming in frequent contact
with them, to draw inspiration from their lives and characters for the
great work upon which he had entered.

His ministerial labors have been divided between the work of an
evangelist and pastor. He was pastor of a church in Pittsburgh three
years; New Lisbon, Ohio, live years; North Bloomiield, Ohio, two
years; Warren, Ohio, live years; Muir and Ionia, Michigan, eight
years ; and Detroit, Michigan, two years. At all these points he was
eminently successful, and, besides his regular pastoral labors, did
considerable work in the general tield.

He removed to Warren, Ohio, in 1S51, and while there, was
corresj)onding secretary of the Ohio Missionary Society three years ;
and it was he who first put that society into systematic and active
operation.

In 1856, he removed his family to Ionia county, Michigan, and
while laboring to build up a congregation at that point, he was
prevailed upon to take the corresponding secretaryship of the
American Christian Missionary Society, which position he held three
years, and succeeded in bringing the society to a degree of prosperity
which it had never before reached. When he resigned the Secretary-
ship he was appointed first vice-president, and afterwards presided
at the annual meetings of the society until 1SG6, when he was elected
president. This, however, he at once declined. In the Spring of
1856, he removed to Cleveland, Ohio.

In April, 1S66, he established the Christian Standard in Cleveland,
which has become a leading and infiuential religious journal. In
August, 1868, having been elected first president of Alliance College,
he removed to Alliance, Ohio, and at once gave to the new college a
successful position among our literary institutions. In May, 1860, he
was elected president of the Ohio Christian ^lissionary Society. In
August, 1>6U, he was elected, by a unanimous vote of the Board of
Curators of Kentucky University, to the presidency of the Agricul-
tural and Mechanical College of that University. Also, about the
same time, Bethany College tendered him the Biblical Department ot
that institution. AVe have not learned whether he has yet accepted
either of these positions.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. \\iV,\

Mr. Errott's personal appearance is striking and prepossessing.
He is about six i'eet one inch high, iias dark auburn hair, iiglit grey
eyes, and a well developed muscular organization. A.s a puljjic
speaker he has few, if any, superiors. His language is chaste and
copious, containing an unusually large per cent, of Saxon words; his
gesticulation is easy and natural, but his voice, though well under
control, lias not volume enough to give full force to his beautiful and
stirring thoughts. His writings, like his sermons, are full of strong
and rugged points, and are frecjuently interspersed with brilliant
passages of exquisite beauty that will compare favorably with many
of the finest word-paintings in the English language.

In the social circle he is companionable, but not a very good
conversationalist. He needs the inspiration of an audience, or the
quiet solitude of the study, to bring out his full strength; hence,
while he is pleasant in company — full of wit and humor — he does not
appear there to the best advantage.

BENJAMIN ROUSE.

Benjamin Rouse was born in Boston, March 23d, 1795, and was
brought up as a builder, working at the trade at tirst in Massachu-
setts, and subsequently removing to New York, where he carried on
his business extensively for about six years. From an early age he
had taken great interest in religious matters, and especially in the
establishment of Sunday schools. In 1S30, he accepted the appoint-
ment of agent of the American Sunday School Union for the purpose
of going to the West and establishing Sunday schools and book de-
positories. For this purpose he gave up his business and turned his
face westward, prepared to endure hardsliips and encounter difficul-
ties for the cause in which he was so deeply interested.

Coming directly to Cleveland, he opened his Sunday school book
depository, near the corner of the Public Square and Superior street.
The prospect was not a liopeful one, Imt Mr. Rouse had faith, and
persevered. There was but one cliurch building in the place, old

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I'iU: , '- ' ' ■ -^ ■ '■ .I'ii -'/to 1;:

304 CLErEL.lXl), FAST AM) PRESENT:

Trinity, built hy The Episcopalians with the aid of those of other
(lenomiuatious, aii.l but little reliv;ious sentiment amoni? the people.
A Sunday school had for some time stru<i:gled hard to maintain its
existence, and had but just become established on a tolerably firm
basis. The depository, aided by the active labors of Mr. Rouse in the
schools, gave a powerful impetus to the cause.

Three months after the opening of the depository :\Ir. House
purchased the lot on which it stood, for six hundred dollars. In
making the purchase he had little thought of its speculative value,
the sole ol)ject being a permanent home for his agency. Time has,
however, so enhanced the value of property that the lot on which
stood the little book-room, has now, with the pile of buildings stand-
in <'■ on it. reached a value of eighty thousand dollars, thus amply
repaying Mr. Rouse for his labors in the cause of religion and morality
in the earlier days of the place.

For about three years the depository was continued, and then Mr.
Rouse turned his attention for a while to general store-keeping,
abandoning it finally for the purpose of removing to Richfield, where
he went to benelit the health of his wife. In that place he remained
six years.

Mr. Rouse was a member of the Baptist denomination, and was
largely instrumental in the organization of a Baptist society in Cleve-
land. When, in 1S35, it was decided to erect a church building on the
corner of Seneca andChamplain streets, the experience of Mr. Rouse,
then a deacon of the church, was called into requisition. In due
time the church was built and a steeple placed on it, which became
the wonder and admiration of the country round about, and the
especial pride of Deacon Rouse.

On his return from RichHeld, Mr. Rouse engaged in the coal busi-
ness in connection with Mr. Freeman Butts. About the year l^ti-2. he
retired from active business and thencelorth devoted ids time to the
cause of patriotism, religion, and charity. From the breaking out ot
the war Mr. and Mrs. Rouse entered vigorously on the work of aidin-
the nation's cause by caring for the nation's defenders. Their zeal
and activity were irrepressible, visiting the camps and hospitals,
ascertaining the needs of the soldiers, and then with unresting
assiduity collecting money and materials to supply those needs. Mrs.
Rouse became president of the Soldiers' Aid Society of northern
Ohio, and vs'as directly instrumental in the formation of hundreds of
auxiliary societies that made every city, village, and nearly every
home in northern Ohio busy in the work of preparing" and sending

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ITS REPRESENTATirt: MEN. /jC,;,

forward comforts and luxuries for the soldiers of the Union. Mrs.
lioiKse visited f'aini)s and hospitals in the Soutli, and her visits and
reports were productive of great good. Her name was known and
respected by tiiousandsof soldiers, was repeated witii grateful j)rais('
in a multitude of homes from vrhich brave boys had gone forth to the
war, and has passed into history. In all her labors she was cordiallv
seconded and elRciently aided by her husband.

Three sons and one daughter have been born to this worthy
couple.

Medical.

} ^ ,^'* ^' the oarly records of Cleveland, as in tliose of most western towns, the

V-''^ '» if]

4 1 "^ Ptorv of sickness and death fills a large part. Fever and ague, brought

''^^^«" on by exposure, privations, and by the miasma from swamp, river and

uncleared lands, disabled a large number of the early settlers, and hurried some

to untimely graves. There were no physicians, and save a few drugs and the

simples gathered from the river banks an I forest, there were no remedies.

In course of time appeared the pioneer doctor with his saddle-bags, and he
was soon followed by a number of his brethren to practice their skill upon the
settlers. When the first Cleveland Directory was issued, in 1837, there were
already established a round two dozen of physicians and surgeons, and three
" surgeon-dentists."' It may be interesting to quote the names of these brethren
of the lancet and saddlebags who purged and bled the good people of thirty -
two years ago. They were, J. L. Ackley, F. I. Bradley. C. D. Bray ton,
W. A. Clark, Horace Congar, E. Cushing, Jonathan Foote, S. B. Gay, Robert
Hicks, M. L. Hewitt, SmitJi luglehart, Ilul)ert Ji.lmston, Burr Kellogg, David Long,
P. Mathivet, George Meudenhall, Joshua Mills, T. M. Moore, W. F. Otis, A. D.
Smith, J. Swain, Charles Terry, Samuel Cnd. Thill, Joseph VValrath. The surgeon-
dentists were B. Strickland, and Coredon & Sargeant.

This list has now swollen to pr()i)ortions that make the two dozen and three
exceedingly insignificent by comparison, and every school of medicine is repre-
sented. There are two Allopathic medical '-olleges— the Cleveland and Charity
Hospital collenres — and two Homeopathic — the Western Homeopathic college and
the Homeopathic College for Women. There are also three hospitals, the Charity
Hospital (Allopathic), the Hoiucopatliic H<>si>ital on University Heights, and the
Woman's Hospital on Wilson street.

3^G ' ^' '

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368 CLEyiiLASO, PAST AND PRESENT:

DAVID LONG.

Dr. Long was bom at Hebron, Washington county, New York,
September 29, 17S7. In early life he qualified himself for the practice
of medicine and surgery, studying in Massachusetts and graduating
in iS'ew York city. In June, ISIO, he arrived at Cleveland and
commenced his professional career. At this early day there was no
physician nearer than Painesville on the east, Hudson on the south-
east, Woosler on the south, River Eaisin (now Monroe) on the west.
The arrival of a physician was, therefore, a matter of no small gratifi-
cation to the settlers here and the neighboring settlements.

In this wild region, without roads, streams without bridges, cabins
in many places eight to ten miles apart, did the young and ardent
Long hopefully commence the practice of medicine. Nor were the
hopes of the early settlers disappointed. In rain and snow, in Win-
ter's cold and Summer's heat, by darkest midniiiht or mid-day sun the
doctor ever cheerfully responded to all the calls for his services with
alacrity and zeal, forgetful of self, desirous only to administer timely
relief to the suffering and aillicted. In this he was eminently
successful, as many of those who knew him for more than a third of a
century can testify.

In proof of the untiring perseverance of Dr. Long in the early part
of his professional life, it has been stated that on one occasion, in the
Fall of the year, about midnight, he rode nine miles in fifty-one
minutes. In another instance of extreme urgency, he rode, in the
day time, fourteen miles in fifty minutes by clianging horses twice on
the route. He was a surgeon in the army during the war of 1S12,
and brought the news of Hull's surrender at Detroit to this city, from
the moutii of Black River, a distance of twenty-eight miles, in two
hours and fourteen minutes. Such was his character for promptitude
to all the calls that were made upon him, and they were far from
being few.

For kindness to his patients and friends he liad no superior. In
his zeal in their l)ehalf, in a few years, he sacrificed in a measure one
of the finest constitutions.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. Jjr/J

After following liis profession thirty years or more, Dr. Lon^^
retired Irom general medical practice, and engaged in other pursuits
more iavonible to his health and congenial to liis tastes.

In all pu1)lic measures for the benefit of our city, in the wav of
im])roveincnts, schools, churches, every effort in behalf of humanity,
religion or science. Dr. Long was ready to place his shoulder to the
work with all the ardor and enthusiasm of youth.

Dr. Long never had any aspirations for political distinctions, but
such was liis popularity and so great the confidence of the people in
his judgment and integrity that he could have obtained it had he so
desired. At one time, however, he was elected to fill a vacancy
which had occurred by the death of one of the three County Commis-
sioners. Unimportant as this may seem now, it tlien occasioned
intense excitement. The location of a new county court house,
presumptively fixing the county seat for all time, devolved upon
these Commissioners. Newburg and Cleveland were the contestants,
both being villages of about an equal number of inhabitants — the
claims of each supported by a single Commissioner, yet Newburg
having the more central location. Though hotly contested. Dr. Long
was elected, and the result was the erection of the Court house in the
south-westcorner of the square, which was demolished about ten
years since.

In the year 1S34, Dr. Long united with the Presbyterian church in
this city, and by his daily walk and conduct in the community, by his
deeds of love and charity to the poor, his kindness to the sick and
afllicted gave the most striking evidence of a heart renewed by grace
and made meet for the kingdom of heaven. During his last painful
illness his calmness and resignation showed that he had placed his
trust firmly upon the sure foundation.

He filled all the relations of life in a most exemplary manner and
thus embalmed his memory in the hearts of all who knew and sur
vive him. He died on the first day of Soi)tomber, 1851, at the age of
sixty-four years, lacking a single month.

34

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370 CLEI'F.LAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

JOHN DELAMATER.

Just before tlie massacre of St. Bartholomew, the ancestors of Dr.
Delamater fled from France to Holland. The family name was then
De La IMaitre. Being whole-souled protestants, they migrated with
other Dutch families to the Province of New York, and settled on
the banks of the Hudson, near Kingston. Their names are still visible
on the ancient grave stones of that neighborhood. Like the Hugue-
nots, of South Carolina, they were Calvinist, or puritans of the French
school. They became allied by marriage to the Bogardus family of
New York, and others partook of the blood of Anneke Jans, whose
name has become famous in the New Y^ork courts. The investigation
of this connexion and heirship, occupied the last years of Prof. Dela-
niaters life. It was closed only about a month before his death.
His coadjutor in this work, was the late Chancellor Walworth, of
Saratoga, whose ancestors were also in the line of Anneke Jans.

Dr. Delamater was born in Columbia county, New Y'ork, near
Chatham, on the State line of Massachusetts. April ISth, 1TS7. He
died at East Cleveland, in March, 1S6T, having almost reached the
extreme age of four score years.

The Huguenots like English Puritans, and the Scotch Irish, have
made their mark in North America. John Delamater, while a boy,
was destined to be a farmer, on the soil where he was born. He was
transferred to the medical profession on account of an accident.
which injured his ability for manual labor. His father removed to
Schenectady, New York, where his son was put under the tuition of
one of the self-denying clergymen of those times, whose salar}' did
not meet the expenses of living. At the age of nineteen his medical
education was finished and he commenced practice in his native
town. From thence he moved to Florence, Montgomery count}', N. Y.
Then stopped a short time in Albany, N. Y., and in ISIO, established
himself at ShetUeld, Massachusetts. There was a settlement of
negroes in this ancient borough. Dr. Delamater was then, as ever
since, an active philanthropist. He attended the negroes as physician,
Sunday leaclier, and preacher. They also drew money from his purse,
which was never very well tilled, and paid back very little, either of
his fees or of their debts. After some vears of assiduous labor on his

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ITS REFRESEXTATirE MEX. 37]

colored clmrge, his views of the race underwent a radical diaji-'o.
Ainon;j: the hist utterances of liis life he expressed the opinidu, l.;i-.'d
ui)on his experience at Sheflield, that the negro is by nature unlit for
citizenshii). In tiie days of the Jelfersonian Republicans and Adain-^
Federalists, Dr. Delaniater was in full accord with the new and ri-in--
Democratic party. He left it dnrin<2: the administration (>t' (ioncral
Jackson, and since then was a thorough Whig and Ivepublican. No
one liated slavery more. He saw the remnants of it in his earlv
practice over the line in Connecticut, but never recovered faith in
t))e capacity of the colored man for self-government.

Keturning to his medical career, in which for sixty years he led in
the profession, it is brietiy as follows : While practising in the vallev
of the Housatonic, he rode almost constantly on a racking horse.
about sixteen hands high, and almost with the speed of the wind, and
occasionally in a two wheeled vehicle, common in those days, called
a chaise, or more often a "one horse shay." At such times one of
his medical students rode beside him, and drove the horse.

Between calls along the road the Doctor read his works, especiallv
those relating to cases in hand. This custom of keeping up wilh the
new works and periodicals of the profession he never relaxed, even
after old age and the most distressing physical infirmities prevented
his practice. Neither was the old shay ever abandoned ; our citizens
remember it well, moving carefully along these streets, with its huge
calash top and faithful horse. No storm of rain or snow prevented
him from keeping an appointment wdiile he Avas able to ii:«t in and
out of his vehicle.

In lS2o, Dr. Delamater was made Professor in the Medical Institute
of Pittsfield, Berkshire county, ^Mass. ; in 1S2T, at the Fairlield Medi-
cal School, Herkimer connty, New York. He was at the same time
giving lessons at Bowdoin College, ^lass. While at Fairheld, he was
invited to lecture in the Medical College of Ohio, where Kirtland,
Drake and ^Mussey have occupied chairs This resulted in an appoint-
ment as Professor in the Willouiihliy University, Lake countv, Ohio.
at that time a tlourishing institution. In lb42, he became one of the
Faculty of the Western Reserve .Medical Colleire, at Cleveland.

Almost every man has some prominent talent, though with many it
is never developed. With l'rofe>sor Delamater it was the ability to
give prolonged, profound and perspicuous lectures. This was his
special gift and as usual in such case^ he wa> not a facile writer. It
is said he delivered seventy courses of medical lectures. His memorv
was perfect and his reading embraced everytliing relating to his pro-

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373 CLEVELAXD. PAST AND PRESEN'I :

fession. A good lecturer requires not only a clear perception of his
subject, but a lucid and lluenl presentation of it. Dr. Delamaternever
wrote lectures. His memoranda were of the most meagre kind. They
were frequently notliing more than a few lueroglyphics made on the
margin of a newspaper drawn from his vest pocket as he mounted the
desk. Every case he had ever treated and all its details appeared to
be thoroughly tixed in his recollection, lie sometimes wrote medical
essays for publication, but with evident reluctance. In cases of mal-
practice Dr. Delamater was the especial dread of the attorney whose
side he did not favor. Ilis full, clear and logical statements made a
deep and generally an irresistible impression upon the court and jury.

After he became unable to visit patients he was consulted with
never ceasing confidence by physicians and by patients, especially
those atiiicted with chronic complaints.

His moral and religious qualities were as conspicuous as his n^iental
ones. He carried the faculty of conscientiousness to a length which
the most conscientious would regard as extreme. Against the poor
his charges for professional service were merely nominal and were
never pressed, and with the rich he was so moderate and easy that
with a large practice he was barely able to maintain his family, which,
like himself, were atiiicted with prolonged constitutional diseases.
His rare Christian virtues are described with tidT-iity and beauty in
the farewell discourse of Kev. W. H. Goodrich, of the First Presby-
terian Church, which, being in print, may be read and preserved by
the numerous friends of the good old man.

JARED POTTER KIRTLANl)

Prof. Kirtland belongs to the class of self-made naturalists who
attain to greater eminence than others of equal talents and bettor
advantages. Success in this branch of science requires not only a
native genius, but enthusiasm and never tiring perseverance ; to the
rich and tlie educated these last qualiiications are frequently waniing,
or, if they are not, instead of growing,- with the progress of life, they
become more and more weak instead of more and more strong. In-

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irS REPRESENTArirE MEN. 37;i

(luslry and ainl)ition are more than a match for educalioii in minds of
IIr' same order.

1)y. Kirtland orii;inated at Wallingford, Connecticut. IJis lather,
TiirlKind Kirthtnd, in 1790, was appointed general agent of the C<»nm'c-
ticut Land Company, on the lieserve. He removed to rohm.l, in
Mahoning county, the next year, where he became a prominent citi/.en
of the new county then known as New Connecticut. So long as the
Comi)any existed he was continued in the agency, and survived until
1S33 to witness the developments of the region.

Jared appears to have l)een left in Connecticut, probably to secure
the advantages of those common schools which were wanting in this
western wilderness. The young man made his appearance in Ohio on
horseback, July 4th, 1810, at tlie age of fifteen years. He was destined
to be a i)hysician, and in 1817 he was sent to the celebrated medical
school of Dr. Hush, in Philadelphia. After leaving that institution
he set forth on the way of life with horse and saddle bags, dispensing
advice and prescriptions, according to the custom of the times, to the
people of the townships around Poland. Every old settler knows
what a time the pioneer doctors had. Tlieir patients were scattered
far and wide in log cabins which stood in small clearings in the forest
surrounded by gigantic trees. A messenger rushed in at any hour of
the day or night from a distressed, perhaps a distant family, requiring
immediate attention. It was the duty of the frontier physician to
saddle his horse at the moment and return with the messenger. The
route more often lay along a narrow trail through the woods, over
roots and logs, with mud and water on all sides. In dark nights, or in
storms of rain and sleet, the overhanging boughs of the trees dripping
wdth water, these visits were not of the most cheerful character. In
those early days bridges were behind roads in regard to condition and
repairs, and it was frequently necessary, in order to reach a suffering
patient, to do as Cassius did— plunge in and trustto a faithful horse— in
order to cross swollen creeks and rivers.

While engaged in this rude professional practice, acquiring a good
reputation as a physician, he was closely observing the fishes, reptiles,
shells and animals of a region teeming with animal and vegetable
life. Scientific works were scarce in that new region, but living
subjects were abundant. This exuberance of life was of more value
to a scrutinizing mind than a surplus of books and a deficiency of
specimens. An unusually ricli lie Id for the naturalist lay open to his
daily observation for twenty years.

Durin"; his residence at I'oland, I)r. Kirtland was twice elected to

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374 CLErEI.AXJ), PAST AXD PRESENT:

the House of Representatives I'or Oliio. In that body he directed his
efforts especially to a change in the Penitentiary system. It was
mainly through liis zeal and activity tliat the old style of treating
State prisoners was abandoned, and tiiey liave been made a source of
revenue and not of expense. Convict labor has thus proven by
experience to be valuable to the public and to the convict a relaxa-
tion of the rigor of his situation.

It was while studying the habits of the fresh water shells of the
Mahoning and its branches that Dr. Kirtlaud made a discovery which
attracted attention throughout tlie scientitic world. The classihcatiou
of species had been made upon mere difierence of form. Dr. Kirt-
land perceived that in the same species a difierence of form was due
to sex in tcstacea the same as in all other animals, and that too many
species had been adopted. This bold announcement, coming from
the back woods of Ohio, created quite a commotion among natural-
ists. It was, however, found, on investigation, to be true, though it
rendered obsolete a large number of terrible Latin phrases.

In the publication of his views, and afterwards for his descriptions
of the fishes of Ohio, he found a liberal patron in the Boston Society
of Natural History. When the State of Ohio organized a geological
survey, in 1838, the department of Natural History was of course
given to him. There was barely time to make a catalogue of the
fauna and flora of the State before the survey was suspended, but
many of his figures and descriptions of the fishes have since been
published in the transactions of the Boston Society. This appoint-
ment broke up his large medical practice in Trumbull and adjacent
counties. He now accepted the appointment of Professor in the
Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. About 1838, Prof. Kirtland
removed from Poland to Cleveland, to perform the same duties in the
Cleveland Medical College. With a restless energy he went beyond
natural history and medicine in his investigations, into the field of
horticulture, tloriculture and agriculture.

Purchasing a rugged farm on the ridge road five miles out of Cleve-
land, he entered with zeal into the business of scientific farmin'^
Here he demonstrated that a stiff clay soil derived from the underlying
Devonian Shales may be made highly productive in fruit. His
success stimulated others along the ridge road, until the old pastures
and meadov.-s on that side of the city have been changed into the
most profitable orchards and gardens in the vicinity. This required
twenty years more of time and industry, during much of which he
came daily to the college and delivered one or more lectures. In the

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEX. ;;::,

leoturo his style is entirely conversational, but ri(i>i(!, Ihrrni. .nj.l
always inlelli<^nl)lc. Here all the varieties of his studies (•(.nif into
play, a« it were, spontaneously. IJe is equally at home anion- lii.-
birds, the insects and the reptile^, the fishes or the nuuninalia. 'iiuir
habits are as familiar as those of his children and iriandi-hildr.Mi.
He writes but seldom, and thus the teachings of so many yeais i.n .-o
many sulijects are confided principally to the memory of the manv
hundreds of students to whom they have been delivered.

For several years Dr. Kirtland has declined to lecture on anv .sub-
ject. Ke is verging upon four score, a period which", with most men,
is necessarily one of rest if not of weariness, but he has never known
what it is to rest. Xo farmer in Rockport is up earlier or attent's
more closely to his grounds. All the valuable varieties of peaches,
pears, cherries and grapes, have been tested by their actual product,
or are in the process of being tested. He is enthusiastically fond of
the culture of bees and of every variety of llowers which will tlirive
in this climate. A number of new varieties of cherries have been
originated on the Kirtland farm, and after trial those which are valu-
able have been scattered over the country. There are very few men
who are enabled to make so many applications of science to practical
subjects, and still fewer who are permitted to live long enough to
witness the fruits of their labors.

THEODATOS GARLICK

We are almost at a loss ia what class to place Dr. Garlick. By
natural taste and genius he belongs to the artists. His devotion to
the healing art arose principally from the necessities of our race for
something to eat and wear. He had the fortune, probably good
fortune, to be born in Vermont, at ^liddlebury, March 30th, 1S05, in
view of the Green Mountains, among rocks and mountains. This
region is principally famous for marl)le, slate, iron ore, and hardy
young men, generally known as Green ^lountain bovs.

An older brother, Abel B. Garli.k. having been apprenticed to a
marble cutter, came out West, sometime after the war of 1812, and
located at Cleveland. In ISIG, Theodatus, at the age of eleven years,

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376 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

had drifted as far as Kne, Pennsylvania ; in 1^19, to Cleveland. The
Winter of 1S19-20, he spent at Black Uiver, which was then the lead-
ing ship yard of the lakes.

Abel B, had artist's ability also. In this region no marble was to
be found, but a tolerable substitute existed in the fine grained blue
sandstone at Newburg. A mill was erected at the quarry on Mill
creek, below the falls, where these stones were sawed, as they are
now, into handsome slabs.

Like other New Englanders, the Vermont boys are early impressed
with the idea of self-support. Although Theodatus much preferred
fun and frolic to hard labor, he entered cheerfully upon the business
of a stone cutter at the age of sixteen. Their marble yard (without
marble) was on Bank street, where Morgan & Eoot's block now
stands. Abel marked the outlines of the letters upon incipient grave
stones in pencil, and Theodatus carved them with his chisel. Most of
the renowned sculptors of Ohio, such as Powell, Clevenger and Jones,
took their first lessons in the same way. All of them have left
samples of their untutored skill in various angels and cherubs, now
mouldering in old churchyards. The blue sandstone monuments, on
which Dr. Garlick cut inscriptions fifty years since, are still to be
seen in the earb,^ cemeteries of the Western Eeserve ; some are
touching enough, but not a few are more ridiculous than mournful.
When Nathan Perry became so prosperous that he proposed to
remove the old wooden store on the corner of Water and Superior
streets and replace it with a brick one, he concluded to expend
something upon ornament. He ordered two oval stone signs to be
made and to be built into the walls over the two doors, one on
each street. These were among the earliest efforts of Dr. Garlick.
Both of these stones were in existence until the ground was cleared
for the present Bank building, when they were broken up and put
into the cellar wall. In those days it was one of the duties of an
apprentice to sharpen the tools at a blacksmitirs forge. The young
man concluded to carve flying cherubims with their stone trumpets
to ring in the ears of coming generations no longer.

Having a robust physical constitution, he became passionately
fond of hunting and fishing. In 1S22, he lived with a brother in
Newbury, Geauga county, which was then a forest full of game. In
a letter referring to the sporting days of his youth, he wrote as
follows :

M7 brother and myself sxarted out very early one morning for a deer that -.ve knew
had been feeding around the cabin that night ; within a (juarter of a mile from the cabin

'iwiiovi!!'-', jju !:;•!'•» liiV/ io -lymoi) uijj no s-ioh. /i9l)o.ow bio erfi 3700191

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. ;{77

my brother shot him, iind as ho fired, up jumped eleven elk ; oni; of oar ufijrlihorr^ n'.iot
five of them witliiu an acre of ground ; they were near together, at bav, fi'rlitini,' with
the <log5!. I hi-iped to get them in ; tliey were a part of a larger herd, we counted th«'ir
bi'ds in the sivnv where they had lain at night, and there were over one hundred iuthc
drove.

Ten or fifteen years previous to that time, one of those tornadoes
which occasionally visit this region, had prostrated the timber alon"-
a tract a mile wide and several miles in length, through the township
of Newbury. A thicket of bushes had sprung up among the fallen
trees, which furnished excellent browsing ground and shelter for
game, of which there was an abundance of bear, wolves, elk, deer,
turkeys, etc., constituting quite a paradise for a young Nimrod.

He finally determined to become a physician, and after some years
of the usual experience of medical students, practicing some, and
assisting at operations, he entered the medical department of the
University of Maryland, in the city of Baltimore, where he graduated
in 1834.

No sooner was his diploma secured than the artist again broke
forth. He suddenly produced bas-reliefs in wax of five favorite
professors without sittings, which were pronounced perfect likenesses.
General Jackson and Henry Clay gave him a short sitting, and the
next day their statueits were on exhibition. Mr. Clay expressed his
satisfaction lor his own in an autograph letter. Another miniature
in relief, fall length, of Chief Justice Marshall, from a portrait by
Waugh, was pronounced by Mr. Bullock, an English virtuoso, as
equal to anything produced by Thorwaldsen. But being surrounded
by medical men, who, like men of all professions, regard their own as
more important than any other. Dr. Garlick was induced to turn his
artistic skill upon anatomical models.

He located at Youngstown, Ohio, the same year that he graduated,
at which place, and at the Medical College of Cleveland, he devoted
nearly two years in getting up models of all parts of the human body,
taken from subjects in the dissecting room. They may yet be seen
in the Medical Colleges at Cleveland, Biilfalo, Toronto, Charleston,
South Carolina, Cincinnati, and other places. These were such close
imitations of nature that the late Professor Mussey, of Cincinnati,
pronounced them superior to the French models at Paris by Auzoux-
At Youngstown he made a life size l)ust of Judge Georire Tod, copies
of which are now in the family. In 1S.7-;, after a successful practice
at Youngstown, he came to Cleveland, and formed a partnership in
surgery with the late Professor H. A. Acklej-, and for a number of

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378 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

years was a member of the Board of Medical Censors of the Clevehmd
Medical College, and vice president of tlie Cleveland Academy ot
Natural Science. As he was a naturalist, he applied the principle.
of the anatomical models to animals and parts of animals, especially
fishes. He entered with great zeal upon the artificial propagation^ot
brook trout and other fish in connection with Dr. Ackley. In lbo«,
he published a small book, which is the standard work of the United
States on this subject.

He was a skillful physician and surgeon, a diligent student of
natural history, a kpen sportsman, and a great lover of the fine arts.
A good physical constitution is at least one-half of the capital oi any
man, however gifted in mind. In this respect he was like Christopher
North, with few equals. In the rude contests of strength among the
young men of a new country, the races, wrestling matches, and
occasional fights, he never felt like backing down; but ol late years
this powerful frame has been partially stricken with paralysis.

The doctor still resides in this city, devoted to natural science,
especially botany, but the days of his personal activity are past.

J. L. CASSELS.

John Lang Cassels, M. D., LL. D., was born in Stirlingshire, Scot-
land, and in 1827, while quite a young man, came to this country.
Soon after, he studied medicine with Prof. John Delamater, in
Fairfield, New York, and graduated in lSo4, in the College of Piiysi-
cians and Surgeons located at Fairfield, N. Y. He was Demonstrator
of Anatomy in that school three years, two years during his puuila-e
and one after his graduation. He opened an ofiice for the practice ni
medicine in Earlville, New York, in the spring of 1835, and in tlie fall
of the same year received and accepted the appointment of Frolessor
of Chemistry in ^Villoughby University, Ohio, which connection he
retained until the fall of 1843, when he and his associates opened and
established the Cleveland Medical College, in which he still occupies
the chair of Chemistry.

In 1837, he received the appointment of First Assistant Geologist of

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEX. n7».»

the New York State Geological Survey, which he oceupieil Imf several
s>eas(>ii>^, peironniiii:; lield labor in the summer and lecturing:: on < lu-in-
istry in Winou.irliby ^ledical College during the winter. His coiniec-
tioii with the New York survey gave him an excellent opi)ortuni'y to
become an expert practical geologist; his location being on the
Hudson river district, offered him a tine field of action, as it is really
the key to the geology and mineralogy of the State.

In the winter of ls39, he gave a course of demonstrated lectures on
chemistry before tlie Young Men's Library Association in Cleveland,
the first public lectures on science ever given in the city. The fol-
lowing winter the citizens of Cleveland invited him to lecture again
on the same subject, and he complied. The city at that time con-
tained mostly young people— only two gray-headed men attended the
Stone Church.

In 1S15, he spent most of the season in visiting and collecting
specimens of mineral in the lead region of Wisconsin, Illinois. Iowa
and Missouri, thus becoming familiar with the geology of their rich
mineral region.

In 181:6, he spent the whole season in exploring the Lake Superior
country, coasting the south shore in a bark canoe, having for his
traveling companions two Indians and a half-breed voyager. At this
date there were no steamers on Lake Superior, and but a very few
small sailing craft. It was during this time that he took squatter
possession of a mile square of the iron region of that country, for the
benefit of the Cleveland Iron Company. He was the first white man
that had visited this region, now so famous for its ferruginous wealth.
Near the close of the season he spent a short time geologizing Isle
Koyale, and returned to Saut St. Marie on the steamer Julia Palmer,
which had, during the summer, been hauled over the passage of Saut
St. Marie. During the winter following, at the request of a number
of Clevelanders, he gave a public lecture on the Lake Superior
region ; at the close of which he said he would venture a prophecy :
"Such was the charact?r of the climate, scenery, etc., of Lake
Superior that the time was not far distant when it would become as
great a resort for invalids and pleasure-seekers as Saratoga and New-
port now are."" Also, that there is iron enough in the iron district
sufficient to furnish a double track of the much talked of Whitney's
railroad. Tliese statements were tiien received with a stormy mani-
festation of incredulity.

In 1859, the Jefierson College of Mississippi conferred the Degree
of LL. D. on Dr. Cassels.

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380 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

111 18(51, he was elected a corresponding member of the Imperial
Geological Institution of Berlin, Prussia.

For the last ten years, in addition to the duties of his chair in the
Cleveland Medical College, he has regularly filled the chair of chem-
istry and natural history in the Western Reserve College at Hudson.
During the past twenty years he has given several courses of popular
experimental lectures in his favorite branches of chemistry and
geology in a number of our neighboring towns, Akron, Canton, Arc.
He is also the regular lecturer in these branches in the Female
Seminary in Painesville.

Perhaps few men have been as extensively engaged in texicological
examinations during the past twenty years as Dr. Cassels. Many of
these have been of great interest, both in a social and moral point of
view. In all such cases he is regarded with great contideuce, both
on account of his scientific skill and his high sense of moral integrity.

As an analytical chemist he has few superiors, and is much of iiis
spare time engaged in the analysis of waters, ores, coal, limestone,
(tc. In 1S66, he analyzed the water of Cleveland which is brought
from Lake Erie and distributed through the city. He analyzed this
water taken from different parts of the city and from the point where
it entered the pipes to be forced into the reservoir; also from a
point in the lake three thousand four hundred and fifty feet from the
shore, where he advised that the inlet pipe ought to be located. All
these analyses are embraced in his report to the Trustees of the city
water works ; in which also are many valuable suggestions respect-
ing supply pipes and the character of the water for steam purposes

J. S. NEWBERRY

J. S. Newberry, M. D., LL. D., was born at Windsor, Connecticut,
of old Puritan stock, his ancestry having formed part of the colony
which in l(io5, emigrated from Dorchester, colony of Massachusetts
Bay, and founded the town of Windsor, the first settlement made in
Connecticut.

The family continued*to reside at Windsor for two hundred years,

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Its REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 081

durin;; wliicli time it held an honorable place in that community and
contributed several representatives, who took an important part in
the affairs of tlie State government, or in the defense of the colony
against tlie Indians, and in the French and Indian and Revolutionary
wars. Dr. Newberry's grandfather, Hon. Roger Newberry, a distin-
guished lawyer, and for many years a member of the Governor's
council, was one of the directors of the Connecticut Land Company,
which purchased a large part of the Connecticut Western Reserve.
The town of Newberry received its name from him. His son, Henry
Newberry, inherited his interest in the land of the company, by which
he became possessed of large tracts in Summit, Ashtabula, Medina,
Lorain and Cuyahoga counties, including one hundred acres now
within the city of Cleveland. Looking after these interests he made
three journeys on horseback (the first in 1814,) from Connecticut to
Oliio, and, in 1824, removed his family to Summit county, where he
founded the town of Cuyahoga Falls, remaining there till his death,
in 1854.

Dr. Newberry graduated at Western Reserve College, in 1846, and
from the Cleveland Medical College in 1848. The years 1849 and 1850,
he spent in study and travel abroad. Returning at the close of the
latter year he established himself, early in 1851, in the practice of
medicine in Cleveland. Here he remained till 1855, when his profes-
sional business became so engrossing as to leave him no time for the
scientific study to which he had been devoted from his boyhood. To
escape from too great professional occupation, and impelled by an
unconquerable passion for a scientific career, in May, 1855, he
accepted an appointment from the War Department, and became
connected with the army as acting assistant surgeon and geologist to
the party which, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, U. S. A., made
an exploration of the country lying between San Francisco and the
Columbia river. The results of this expedition are embodied in V^ol.
6 P. R. R. Reports. The reports of Dr. Newberry on the " Geology,
Botany and Zoology of North California and Oregon," are republished
in a volume of 300 pp., 4to., with 48 plates. In 1857-8, he accompanied
Lieutenant J. C. Ives, U. S. A., in the exploration and navigation of
the Colorado river, one of the most interesting explorations made by
any party in any country. The object of the expedition was to open
a navigable route of communication with our army in Utah. To this
end an iron steamer was constructed in Philadelphia, taken in
sections to the head of the Gulf of California, where it was put
together and launched. With this steamer the river, before almost

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19

382 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

entirely unknown, was navigated lor five liundred miles, opening a
route of travel which has since been extensively used. Beyond the
point reached by the steamer the course of the river is for several
hundreds of miles tlirough the '' Great Cauon," as it is called, a chasm
worn by the stream in the table lands of the '' Colorado Plateau/'
This canon has nearly vertical banks, and is nowhere less than three
thousand feet deep ; in some places six thousand feet, or more than a
mile in depth.

The party with which Dr. Newberry was connected, spent nearly
a year in exploring the country bordering the Colorado, adding much
to our knowledge of our western possessions, and giving, in their
report, an interesting and graphic description of, perhaps, the most
remarkable portion of the earth's surface. Half of the report of the
Colorado Expedition was prepared by Dr. Newberry, and so much
importance was attached to his observations by his commanding
officer, that in the preface he speaks of them as constituting "the
most interesting material gathered by the expedition."'

In 1S59, having finished his portion of the Colerado Report, Dr.
Newberry took charge of another party sent out by the War Depart-
ment, to report to Captain J. N. Macomb, topographical engineer. U.
S. A., for the exploration of the San Juan and upper Colorado rivers.
The Summer of 1S59 was spent in the accomplishment of the object
had in view by this expedition, during which time the party traveled
over a large part of Southern Colorado and Utah and Northern
Arizona and New Mexico, filling up a wide blank space in our maps
and opening a great area before unknown, much of which proved
rich and beautiful, abounding in mineral wealth, and full of natura[
objects of great interest. Among the results of this expedition were
the determination of the point of junction of Grand and Green rivers,
which unite to form the Colorado, and the exploration of the valley
of the San Juan, the largest tributary of the Colorado ; a stream as
large as the Connecticut, before almost unknown, but which, though
now without an inhabitant upon its banks, is for several hundred
miles lined with ruined towns or detached edifices built of stone.
and once occupied by many thousands of a semi-civilized people.
The report of this expedition made by Dr. Newberry, containing
much new and interesting scientific matter, was finished just Ijefore
the war, but yet remains unpublished.

Immediately after the commencement of the war, the United
States Sanitary Commission was organized. Dr. Newberr}^ was one
of the first elected members, and it is, perhaps, not too much to say

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 380

that no otiior one individual contributed more to the <rreat success
that attiMidod tlie labors of that organization. In Sopteniljcr, l^tJl,
he accepted tlie position of Secretary of the Western Department of
the Sanitary Commission, and from that time had the general super-
vision of the affairs of the Commission in the valley of the ]Mississipi)i;
his head-quarters being first at Cleveland, and subsequently, as the
frontier was carried southward, at Louisville, Kentucky.

Through his efforts branches of the Sanitary Commission were
established in the priricipal cities of the West, and agencies for the
performance of its work at all important military points, and with
each considerable sub-division of the army. Before the close of the
war the entire West was embraced in one great system of agencies
for the production and distribution of supplies, and the care of sick
and w^ounded on the battle-field, in hospital or in transitu. The
magnitude of the work of the Sanitary Commission at the West may
be inferred from the fact that there were at one time over five
thousand societies tributary to it in the loyal States of the Northwest
— that hospital stores of the value of over 35,000,000 were distributed
by it in the valley of the Mississippi — that over 850,000 names were
on the records of its Hospital Directory at Louisville, and 1,000,000
soldiers, for whom no other adequate provision was made, were fed
and sheltered in its " homes."

Of this great work Dr. Newberry was the responsible head, and by
the wisdom and energy displayed by himself very much of the
harmony and efficiency which characterized this organization are to
be ascribed.

As his labors in connection with the Sanitary Commission were
drawing to a close, Dr. Newberry was appointed Professor of Geology
in the School of Mines of Columbia College, New York city. He
entered on the duties of the position in 1S66. In 1S69, he was
appointed by Governor Hayes to the office of State Geologist, created
by the Ohio General Assembly of that year.

The scientific acquirements of Professor Newberry have given him
a world-wide fame. As a Geologist his reputation ranks among the
foremost. He has been honored with the membership of the most of
the learned societies of this country, and of many in Europe ; was one
of the original corporators of the National Academy of Sciences ; was
recently elected president of the American Association for the
advancement of Science, and is now president of the New York
Lyceum of Natural History.

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yd

384 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

D. H. BECKWITH.

The first Homeopathist in Cleveland was W. R. Adams, who suc-
ceeded in converting Dr. Hoyt, with Avhom he formed a partnership.
Very soon after, in 1S45, Drs. Wheeler and Williams were added to the
list. There weie but six families in the city having iirni faith in the
principles of homeopathy, and these were silent followers of Dr. John
Wheeler, not willing to be known as such, so strong was public
opinion against them. Dr. Wheeler continued unshaken by the
strong opposition he met with, and heeded neither sneers nor denun-
ciations. His course was onward and his practice successful, every
month adding to his list of converts, and the profits of each year
doubling the preceding one. Dr. Wheeler was the first member of
the profession to propose that a homeopathic medical college should
be located in Cleveland, and he earnestly pressed his theory that
Cleveland should be the centre of homeopathy in the West. His
name was the first signature to procure a charter, and when the col-
lege was organized he was selected as the President, and held the
office for the first eleven years of its existence, contributing materi-
ally to its success, and resigning only when increasing age rendered
its duties too onerous, when added to a large practice.

From the little beginnings in the early days of Dr. AVheeler's prac-
tice, homeopathy has grown in Cleveland, until it now reckons a
flourishing college, a woman's medical college, two hospitals, an
insurance company, twenty-six practicing physicians, and a host ot
believers in homeopathic principles and modes of treatment.

Prominent among the number of practicing physicians is D. H.
Beckwith, M. D., who was born in Huron county, Ohio, in 1S2G. His
father was one of the pioneers of the northern part of the State ;
emigrating from the State of New York in 1S15, and making the
journey the most of the w^ay on foot, occupying more than six weeks.
He remained a few days in Cleveland, and not admiring the soil for
agricultural purposes (little thinking it was the site for a city of its
present beauty and magnitude), he journeyed on until he reached
more fertile soil in Huron county, where, by economy and industry,
in a short time he accumulated sufiicient to purchase a small farm,
on which he lived until his death, having seen his family of six sons
and one daughter arrive at mature age.

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The subject of tliis memoir remained at homo diirin^i:: hi>^ Ijoyliood,
attending- school duriiiii; the winter and worlving on the lann in the
summer season. At the age of sixteen he entered the Norwalk Sein-
iiiarv, pursuing his studies with vigor for a few years, when it became
necessary for him to earn his own living. He taught several scliools
and was among the first in the State to inaugurate the normal school
system to elevate the standard of teaching and improve public

schools.

Early in life he decided that the medical profession w ould be his
choice,'and all his leisure hours were spent in studying medical books.
After securing a sufficiency from teaching (as he supposed,) to meet
the expenses of a medical education, he studiously applied himself,
under the tuition of John Tift', M. D., one of the most scientific prac-
titioners of the State. During the third year of his studies his money
was expended, and not wishing to call on friends for assistance he
concluded to commence the practice of medicine. A partnership
was offered him in an adjacent town, and arrangements were made
for him to commence his professional career. He unfolded his plan
to his preceptor, who listened attentively to his future plans, and then
rising from his chair, exclaimed with much emphasis : '' If there is
anything, sir, that I despise, it is half a doctor," and immediately left
the office. The brilliant prospect was clouded. With but eight
months more study the young student could commence the practice
of medicine and be an honor to his preceptor and to himself, but tlie
lack of money was a seemingly impassable barrier. It was a dark
day to the student, but he had learned "never to let his energies
stat'nate." One resource was lelt him. He determined to open a
select school for advanced sciiolars. In four days from that time he
entered the school room witii one hundred scholars, many of them
his former pupils. Morning and evening he clerked in a drug store,
for which he received his board ami wasiiing. On Wednesday and
Saturday evenings he was examined in his medical studies with two
other students who devoted tlioir entire time to their studies. Thus
for thirteen weeks he was daiiy performing the duties of a teacher, so
arduous that manv would have .-omidained, though they had no
other occupation. In addition to tins he was several hours ( ach day
compounding and dispensing mclinne. and at the same time keeping
pace with his class in the st.i<!.v .-f materia ntediea and botany.

Having alreadv attended oi.e eour.e of lectures in an allopathic
college and not being sati-tied with that mode of prescriptions for
thesfck, he attended the Ivlertie College of Cincinnati, where he

25

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386 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

listened to the first course of lectures ever delivered in any chartered
college in the country on homeopathic medicine, by the lamented
Prof. Rosa who had no superior in liis profession. After receiving his
degree he commenced the practice of medicine with his preceptor.
The prompt and curative etfect produced by homeopathic remedies
soon convinced him of its superiority over other systems of medicine
and decided him to adopt it as his system of practice for life. Tlie
success that has attended his labors ever since has well proved the
correctness of his choice.

The first few year? of his practice were spent among the acquaint-
ances of his childhood, in the beautiful village of Norwalk. In 1S52,
he left a large practice and many warm friends to seek a larger field
for future work, and located in Zanesville, Ohio, where he continued
his profession until the year 1S63. The climate not being adapted to
to the health of his family he moved to Cleveland and soon ol)tained
what he had left in Zanesville — a large and lucrative practice By
close attention to his patients, being always ready to give his services
to the poor as cheerfully as to the rich, and his unusual kindness to
all persons placed under his professional care, he has won the aftection
and esteem of his patients to a degree rarely equaled.

He lias always taken a lively interest in the advancement of
medical science, firmly believing in the immutable principles that
govern the administration of homeopathic medicine a^ well as the
curative effect. He has always been anxious to induce young men
that proposed to study the science of medicine to follow the examj^le
of the illustrious Hahnemann. His lectures in the Cleveland Home-
opathic College have always been characterized by practicability.
He has not only published a medical journal, but has largely
contributed to the pages of many others in this country. He has
always been a leading member of county and State medical societies,
as well as of the Northwestern and American Institute of Home-
opathy, holding the office of Vice President of all the above named
societies. In 1S06, he was chosen by the American Institute as one
of the committee to prepare an essay on Cliolera, its nature and
treatment.

He was among the first to establish the Hahnemann Life Insurance
Company of Cleveland, being one of its incorporators and procuring
a large amount of capital stock for its support, besides giving his
time in organizing it. He was chosen their chief medical examiner,
and the great success of the Company is largely due to his skill in
selecting good and healthy risks for insurance.

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THOMAS T. SEELYE.

Thomas T. Seelye, M. D., was born in Danbury, Connecticut, August
23, 1818. Kis parents were Seth and Abigail Seelye, of Englisli
descent. After preparing for a collegiate course, it became necessary
for liim to take charge of his father's store.' At twenty-one years of
age he commenced the study of medicine as a private pupil of
William Parker, professor of surgery in the College of Physicians and
Surgeons, New York, from which college he graduated in the Spring
of 18^2. He was then appointed assistant physician in Belleviie
Hospital, where he remained one year, when he commenced the
practice of his profession in Woodbury, Connecticut, There he
remained until the Spring of 1S-4S, when he sold out his business and
removed to Cleveland, having previously leased a tract of land just
within the suburbs of the city, covered with native forest and such a
profusion of real natural beauty in glen, woodland, and beauiiful
springs of soft water, that it seemed apparent that art only needed to
blend with nature to make this one of the most desirable of localities
for a great health institution.

His system of practice, though called water cure, in fact drew
assistance from all the experience of the past in relieving physical
suffering and curing disease. It was not orthodox', it belonged to no
'pathy^ and in consequence had the opposition of all branches of tlie
profession. His means were quite limited, as were also his accom-
modations— not so limited, however, but that the expense of con-
struction and furnishing greatly exceeded the length of his pur^e.
Business waited for success, to establish itself, but the sheriJl" '//'/
not. Debts became due, and nothing with which to pay, but hope
in the future, which is rather unsatisfi^.ctory nutriment for hun^'ry
creditors.

But, by and bj--, patient labor and persistent effort in the right
direction began to bring forth fruit. Business increased, the visits of
the sheriff were less frequent, and after about five years he could lie
down to rest at night without fear of a dun in the morning.

In ten years he purchased I lie Forest City Cure, which was started
in opposition, the capacity of the old Cure having become altogetlier

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3SS CLEllA.lSD, PAST AND PRESENT:

inadequate for his iiu'rou>i<l l.u-iiiess. After ten years he sold it to
the Hebrews for an r.ri>h;in a-yliini, preferring to unite the two insti-
tutions under one roof. He tlien proceeded to complete the plan he
had been perfectin^^ for the j);ist five years, for erecting buildinirs of
an extent that would an)])ly acconiniodate his ever increasing
patronage, and supplied with lliose conveniences and appliances
which an experience of twenty-one years had deemed most desirable
for the invalid. The architect lias lurnished us a sketch of this
institution, of which, when completed, every lover of our beautiful
city will be proud.

In addition to his professional labors he is largely engaged, in
connection with W. J. Gordon and otiiers, in the manufacture of the
non-explosive lamp, which bids fair to be one of the most successful
and extensive manufacturing enterprises ever started in this city.

Within the past three years. Dr. Seelye has purchased the twenty-
six acres he originally leased, and twenty-two acres adjoining,
making a very valuable tract of real estate, taken in connection with
the present and prospective growth of the city.

Although Dr. Seelye is not engaged conspicuously in public
charities, few hands are so frequently open as his to the wants of the
poor. Great comprehensiveness of intellect, an indomitable energy,
a rare penetration and control over other minds, combined with an
unblemished integrity of character, have given him a high reputation
among physicians in the West.

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^►-^■^/T'l'Il iieithor water jKnvL-r nor sieam power very little can be done in the
/.Hfe/'^,^ way of nianufacturiiig^. Cleveland, until the coustruftion of the Ohio
-'•^'^O^ canal, was without eitlier of those two reijuisite:? for a niauLifacturin<i:
point. The Cuyahoga river, though giving abundant water power along a
considerable portion of its course, enters Cleveland as a slow moving stream,
winding its sluggish way in so tortuous a course that it seems reluctant to
lose its identity in the waters of the lake. Water power, under such circum-
stances, is out of the question, and, as with no coal, and a rapidly decreasing
supply of wood, steam cannot be economically used for manufacturing puri^ses,
the people of Cleveland turned their attention wholly to buying and selling
instead of producing.

The construction of the Ohio canal to the coal fields of Summit county opened
the eyes of the more enterprising citizens to the possibilities ot a great future
for Cleveland as a manufacturing city. No sooner had the canal reached Akron,
and an experimental shipment of cnal been made to the fitture city — with but
poor success, as already narrated — tlmn attenticm was called to the importance of
the new field thus opened to Cleveland enterprise. On the 7th of March, 1828,
a letter appeared in the Cleveland Herald, from wliich the following is an
extract :

"We possess, beyond a doubt, d.-cided advantages over Euffalo, or any other
town on Lake Erie, in our contiguity to inexhaustible beds of pit-ooal aud iron
ore, very justly considered the luisis ot all manufacturing. On the one hand, at
the distance of about thirty miles, we can obtain any quantity of crude iron of

390- 37;

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■ !if«j'ni-) ;f !Ji^ 'f^>(';u; ,-i^5vr(,iV! ■i",y.»"i''/ ,'*An\ S)<!v '10 tti-.-hiVf 'uf; ni yt(Jif.'t)i aui o«oI
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392 CLEl'ELAM), PAST AND PRESENT:

an excellent tiuality, while, on the other, at about iho same distance, we have
access by caual to exhaustless minus of coal of <^ood quality. This last most
invaluable, and all importaut article in manufacturing, can not be obtained any-
where else on the Lakes without the extra expense of shifting from canal-boats
to other craft.

" When these mines shall have become extensively worked, coal will be
delivered in tliis place very little, if any, above that paid in Pittsburgh, say
from four to six cents ; and good pig-iron can and is now delivered at a less
price here than in Pittsburgh. Doctor Cooper further says : ' The very basis of
all profitable manufacturing is, plenty of fuel, easily, cheaply and permanently
procurable; — the next desirable object is plenty of iron ore; iron being the articlo
upon which every other manufacture depends. It is to the plentiful distribution
of these two commodities that Great Britain is chietiy indebted for the pre-
eminence of her manufactures and her commerce.' Surely it need not be thought
strange that Cleveland must one day become a great manufacturing place, if
we consider, .

" First, That the canal will give us access to one of the finest portions of
country in the United States, sufficient for vending, to almost any extent, articles
such as might be manufactured here ; — and, SecQtidly, That power and materials
in great abundance are ' easily, cheaply and permanently procurable.' There is
probably not a town in the Western country, Pittsburgh only excepted, that
unites these two objects so happily as this place does.

"Every steam-engine wanted for boats on the Lake, for mills and factories
near the Lake, and on and near the canal should be made at this point.

" Not a jiound of nails, a wagon-tire, an anchor, a cable, a cast iron stove,
pot, kettle, ploughshare, or any article made of cast-iron — a yard of coarse cotton,
a gallon of beer, an ax, a shovel, nor a spade, should be sent east for. There
ought to be in full operation before the completion of our canal, at least one
steam engine manufactory, one establishment for puddling iron, one rolling and
slitting mill, and nail factory, two or three iron foundries, in addition to the one
now going into operation under very favorable auspices, a cotton factory, a
woolen factory, a steam grist and saw mill, a brewery, itc."

On the succeeding week appeared some editorial comments in support of the
suggestions in the letter, and for some time frequent references, by correspondents
and editorially, were made to the matter. On the 25th of April, 1828, appeared
in the Herald a notice of a new iron foundry : the first that had been built,
and reference to which had been made in the letter quoted. This was built by
John Ballard «S: Co., and an editorial announcing its opening says it " supplies

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ITS REFRESENTATIKE MEy. :\\K\

this place and the surrounding country on short notice and on rcusonalilc tcruu),
witli tlie various articles of cast iron work, for which, before liiis tonndry wun
established, our citizens were forced to send to a distance, and at the cost of
much trouble and expense."

But with all this urging of newspapers, and talking of far-sighted citizt-nrt, th»3
cause of manufacturiug progressed slowly. To establish manufactories was a
costly experiment, requiring capital, patience, and a faith, wliich, though sume
might y.rotess, few actually possessed. As is frequently the case in regard to
public improvements, those who pressed them most had no funds to invest in
them, and those who had the funds were little inclined to heed the suggestions
of moneyless advisers.

MacCabe's Directory of Cleveland and Ohio City for 1837-8, says that at that
time there were on the east side of the river, in the corporation of Cleveland,
" four very extensive iron foundries and steam engine manufactories ; also, three
soap and candle manufactories, two breweries, one sash factory, two rope walks,
one stone-ware pottery, two carriage manufactories, and two French run millstone
manufactories, all of which are in full operation." A flouring mill was in
course of erection by Mr. Ford which, it was predicted, would be, when finished,
" the largest and most complete establishment of the kind in the State of Ohio."
At the same time Ohio City was described as possessing " among the principal
manufactories of the place, the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace, the Saleratus manufac-
tory, and the Glue manufactory." The Cuyahoga Steam Furnace had turned off
in the previous year five hundred tons of castings, besides a great quantity of
wrought iron work, and gave employment to seventy men. In noticing the
description of the iron furnaces and steam engine manufactories on the East side
of the river as " very extensive", it must be borne in mind that the standard
of size and importance for such establishments in Cleveland was much smaller
then than now.

In spite of all the attempts made to stir up an interest in manufactories, slow
progress was made until a comparatively late period. One great obstacle in the
way was the opposition or indifference of the land-holders, who directly rebuffed
the proposals of intending manufacturers, or placed a value on their land so
high as to require an amount of capital sunk in the soil that rendered the
chances of profit very hazardous. Tht-re was also a strong prejudice against
factories on the part of very many persons because they were " so dirty," and
would tend to make the neat and trim residences and door-yards of Cleveland as
smutty as those of Pittsburgh.

It was not until the breaking out of the war for the Union called into

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y

394 CLEl'ELASD, PAST ASl) PRESENT:

existence nianutiictories all over tUc land to supply the net'ds br.rn ot tlit- war,
tliat luanutactories found a home and cordial welcome in Cleveland. The exi-
gencies of the time, and the intense feeling excited, scattered to the wind all the
prejudices against the dirt and fimolio of inn manufactories, and establishments ot
this kind sprang up on all sides, calling into existence a host of other manufac-
tories dependent on and contributing to the successful conduct of iron foundries
and iron mills. The war found Cleveland a commercial city, whose trade, if not
languishing, threatened to soon reach its turning point ; it left Cleveland a bu.xy.
bustling manufacturing city, over a great part of which hung a perpetual cloud
of dense snioke, and with a population nearly doubled in numbers and greatly
changed in character owing to its change from a commercial to a manufacturing
city. The petroleum discovery in North Western Pennsylvania and the coinci-
dent opening of direct railroad communication between Cleveland and the oil
regions, contributed greatly to the rapid increase of the population and wealth
of the city. Oil refineries grew up rapidly like mushrooms in the valleys and
ravines around, and lined the railroad tracks, but, unlike mushrooms, did not
disappear with equal rapidity. A great number of people found employment in
this new industry, and wealth poured in with greater volume from this source
than had ever been known to How from any species of trade or manufacture
hitherto established. From this time the future of Cleveland wa.s assured. Year
by year it has grown with astonishing increase and new man factories of every
description are springing up on every side. The Hats that had lain deserted and
of but little value were brought into requisition for iron furnaces and iron mills,
and wherever lands could be had at reasonable rates in convenient neighborhood
to transportation lines, factories of some kind were established.

The four or five small iron manufactories in and al)out Cleveland in ISiJT, have
grown to fourteen rolling mills, having two hundred puddling furnaces and a
daily capacity of four hundred tons of finished iron, not including the nails^
spikes, nuts, bolts, horseshoes, &c. Several of these mills own their own l>ia.-r
furnaces, and nearly all have coal mines of their own. There are also five st-.ve
foundries; one malleable iron works; one axe and tool company; halt a d<i/.>n
boiler plate and sheet iron works of large capacity ; nearly as many fui-tnries <■!
steam engines of all descriptions, and other machinery ; three foundries tor making
car wheels and castings for buildings; one large manufactory of crois cut, circiiHr
and other saws, and several saw and file works of smaller dimensions.

Although the operations of domestic iron worlds were seriously affe<:t<-d !>y the
large increase of importations from Europe, the following amount ot iron '.v;i-
produced from the mills of Cleveland in 1808 :

:■-».-•••):;■;■ ,-, -j .Uhl .^A'yjnJ hr

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rrs REPRESENTATIVE MEX. ;;'.>:,

Pit' Iron 1,0;5: Tons.

Rail Koad Iron 2:2,844

Merchant Iron 11 390 •«

Boiler, Tank and Slieet Iron 2,G7G "

Forgings 4,125 "

Nuts, Washers, Rests, Nails and Spikes 5,G07 "

Machinery Castings 18,2.50 "

Wire 865 "

Making a total of 70,300 tons. To produce this it is estimated that 225.000
tons of coal and coke were consumed. The stove foundries produced nearly ;35,000
stoves, with the attendant hardware and stove furniture; requiring nearly 10,000
tons of metal, and 4,000 tons of coal and coke, and giving employment to about
five hundred persons.

The planing mills and wooden ware manufactures give direct employment to
six hundred and fifty ])ersons, and the year's business exceeded a million dollars.
The growth and magnitude of the petroleum business of Cleveland can be
seen by the reports of receipts and shipments during the past four years :

DATE. CRUDK RECEIVED. REFINED FORWARDED

1865 , 220,000 bbls. 145,000 bbls.

1866 613,247 " 402,430 "

1867 693,100 " 496,600 "

1868 956,479 " 776,356 "

Between three and four millions of dollars of capital are invested in this
business in Cleveland, and the annual product will not fall short of ten or twelve
millions of dollars. The rapid increase of the business created an urgent demand
for barrels. The receipts of staves in ISGS, mainly to supply this demand, were
nearly three times in excess of the previous year. Some 3,000 tons of hoop iron
were required for barrels.

It is impossible to give, in the absence of any recent exact census, full and
correct statistics of the number and classiiicatiun of the manufactories of Cleveland,
the capital invested, and the value of the product. It has, however, been
estimated from the best data that could be procured, that the grand total value
of all the manufactories of the city in 18G.S, was not less than sixty millions of
dollars, and it is daily increasing.

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300 CLEl-ELAXI), PAST AND I'RESEXT:

WILLIAM B. CASTLE

William B. Castle was born in Essex, Crittenden county, Vermont,
November 30, 1S14. Immediately on the conclusion of the war, his
father removed to Toronto, where he had been engaged, as an
architect, to superintend the construction of the first Tarliament
buildings there. In 1S2T, he removed with his family to Cleveland,
William B. Castle being then thirteen years old. His father had
taken a farm about thirteen miles from the city, and there the lad
spent most of his time until 1S32, when, in company with his father
and Mr. Charles M, Giddings, he established the first lumber-yard in
Cleveland. The business was carried on for a couple of years, when
Mr. Castle, Sen., died, and the son removed to Canada, engaging in
merchandizing and in manufacturing lumber for the yard in Cleve-
land, In 1S39, he abandoned the Canada branch of the business, and
in the following year the partnership with Mr. Giddings was
dissolved. '

A new partnership was formed with a brother-in-law, under the
name of Castle vfc Field, for carrying on the hardware, in connection
with jewelry and watch making, business, on the west side of the
river, then known as Ohio City. In 1S43, he left the business and
entered the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company, with which he has
ever since been connected. So thoroughly identified has Mr. Castle
been with the history of that establishment during the past quarter
of a century, that this is a fitting place for a brief sketch of the nature
and history of the pioneer iron company of Cleveland.

In 1S30, Mr. Charles Hoyt projected the works which were erected
and put in operation under the firm name of Hoyt, Kailey *S: Co. In
1834, the firm was changed to an incorporated company under tiie
name of the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company, v.ith a capital ot
one hundred thousand dollars, of which three-fourths were paid in.
The principal stockholders at the time of the incorporation were
Josiah Barber, Richard Lord, John W. Allen, and Charles Hoyt. The
managing officer was Charles Hoyt. Soon after the incorporation
the works were burned to the ground, but the company were
energetic, and soon a substantial brick structure, two hundred and

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. :W

thirty-five feet front, with a wing of ninety feet deep, was ert'c-ted on
the site of the destroyed building. The pig metal for the use of the
works was obtained at the company's bhist furnace at Dover, twelve
miles west and was considered equal in cjuality to the best Scotch
pig. In 1S40, i\Ir. Iloyt was succeeded in the managment by 1).
Gushing, who had been secretary of the company. In 1S43, Mr.
Gushing gave place to Elisha T. Sterling, who remained the head of
the concern until his untimely death, in 1S59.

From the advent of Mr. Sterling and the consequent re-organization
of the staff of officers of the works, dates the connection of Mr. Castle
with the establishment. Mr. Castle took the position of secretary,
and held that post until the death of Mr. Sterling, when he was
appointed to fill the position of manager. At the time when the sole
charge of the works devolved upon him the company was in a
deplorable financial condition. The prospect was sufficient to daunt
a less resolute and hopeful spirit, but Mr. Castle at once set about
the Herculean task of bringing the concern through its difficulties
and establishing it on a firm financial basis. The struggle was long
continued, and more than once the advance gained seemed suddenly
to be again lost, but eventually it was pulled through without having
compromised a single debt, and without having but a single case of
litigation under his management. This case was not properly charg-
able to the administration of the works, as it arose from the supplying
of a defective beam strap, which, there being then no forges in Cleve-
land, had been ordered from Pittsburgh. This unusual exemption
from litigation was, doubtless, owing to the invariable rule adopted
by Mr. Castle, to reduce all contracts to careful writing and to live
strictly up to the letter as well as spirit of the contract.

The heavy work of the establishment in its early years was the
supplying of most of the mills in Ohio and the new States of the West
with mill gearing, and the manufacture of agricultural implements.
In 1840, was commenced the manufacture of stationary and land
steam engines. In 1843, the manufacture of marine engines was
commenced by building the engine for the first propeller on Lake
Erie, the " Emigrant.'- About the same time work was commenced
on engines for the large side-wheel steamers, the largest of their day
being fitted out with machinery from these works. Among the
steamers thus etjuipped, and which were in their successive days th.e
wonders of the lakes, was the Europe, Saratoga, Ilendrick Hudson,
Pacific, Avon, and Ohio. Among the proi)ellers receiving their
engines from the Cuyahoga Works were the Winslow, Idaho, Dean

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398 CLEJ'ELAXD, PAST AND PRESENT:

Richmond, Ironsides, S. D. Caldwell, Meteor, -md a very kirge number
of others, besides a great many first-class steam tugs plying on
Detroit river.

In 1853, the introduction of the manufacture of locomotives added
a new feature to the manufacturing industry of Cleveland. The
Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Kailroad was supplied from
these works, and locomotives were also made for the Cleveland and
Pittsburgh, Lake Shore, Cleveland and Toledo, and Bellefontaine
and Indianapolis Railroads, besides several other railroads in the
west. In 1S5T, this branch of the business was sold out to the Cleve-
land, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad Company, who now use the
locomotive works for the manufacture and repair of their own
engines.

In addition to the marine engines, for which the establishment
has become famous, the company have lately entered upon the
manufacture of first class engines and blowing machines for blast
furnaces. These have been supplied to the furnaces in the Mahoning
Valley and Wisconsin, and to furnaces elsewhere, even supplying
Pittsburgh, the home of the iron manufacture. A very large engine
has been constructed for the Atlantic Docks, in Brooklyn, New York.
Rolling mill engines and machinery have been made for mills at
Alliance, in the Tuscarawas Valley, at Harmony, Indiana, and at
Escanaba, in the Lake Superior iron district. Various engines have
beeii supplied to the Newburgh wprks, including the blowing engines
and hydraulic cranes for the Bessemer steel works, among the most
perfect of their kind in America. Railway tools manufactured by
the company's works have been ordered from so far east as New
Jersey.

The Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company have employed at times
two hundred and fifty men, and will probably average one hundred
and fifty. Year after year the company have been compelled f<»
enlarge their facilities, until now their property occupies the two
corners of Detroit and Centre streets, and one corner of Centre and
West River streets. The buildings extend three hundred and titty
feet on the river, and to a greater length on Detroit street. The
capital employed amounts to about a quarter of a million <lol!.»r<.
The importance of these works in attracting attention and capital to
Cleveland, in giving employment to the people, and in assist ini: t<»
build up the business of the city, can hardly be overestiiii;it!'<l
Taking its nature, extent aiul history together it may probaliiy bo
said with safety that nothing in the city has had a more important

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M.iM(,^'> ilOfi)*] '.-iVj,,-

ITS REPRESEXTATirE MEX. :VM\

influence in sluiping the future of Cleveland and contrilyutiii-: to its
present prc-perity, and much of this influence is due to tlie lalx.r and
wisdom of Mr. Castle. At present liie works are organized undrr
the presidency of Mr. Castle, with Josephus Holloway as superin-
tendent and designing engineer; 3. J. Lewis, secretary; W. W.Ca-lle,
bookdveeper. From 1S43 to 1S57, the superintendent and designing
engineer, was Mr. Ethan Rogers, who by his knowledge and ^kill
added very much to the celebrity of the works.

In 1S53, Mr. Castle was elected mayor of Ohio City, and during his
term of office the consolidation of the two cities was effected. To
bring about this desirable end he labored diligently, and was one of
the commissioners for settling the terms of annexation. In 1S55. he
was elected mayor of the consolidated city, and his rule was marked
by vigor, justice, and a strict regard for the rights and interests of
the citizens. For six years subseciuent to his mayoralty he held the
office of commissioner of water works.

Mr. Castle was married in December, 1S36, to jNliss Mary Derby,
who died in Canada in the following year. In 1840, he was married
to Miss Mary H. Newell, of A^ermont. by whom he has had one son
and three daughters. The son, W. W. Castle, now twenty-six, is
book-keeper of the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company. The oldest
daughter is wife of Mr. Robert R. Rhodes, of Cleveland. The young-
est daughters are still at school.

The success of Mr. Castle has been achieved by a persistent
strugo-le against adverse circumstances and with but little to aid him
but a resolute will and good constitution. At an early age he was
left with the care of his fathers family on his hands, and has had to
fight, not only his own battles, but to struggle with the difficulties
into which circumstances had thrown tlie company with which, he
became connected. Out of the struggle he has come with a spotless
reputation, the esteem of his friends and the respect of his fellow-
citizens, financial prosperity. nn<l the blessing of good health and
undiminished vigor.

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400 CLEFEL.iXI), PAST AND I'RESENT:

CHARLES JAR VIS WO OLSON.

On the sixth of August, 1SG9, the citizens of Cleveland were sur
prised and pained at the announcement of the death, on the morning
of that day, of Charles Jarvis Woolson, one of the most active and
respected business men of the city. Few were aware of his illness,
and even by those acquainted with the facts his death, up to within a
very short time of the event, was wholly unexpected.

Mr. Woolson was born in Chester, Vermont, and received careful
educational training, the family being in good circumstances. His
father was engaged in various manufacturing enterprises, including
cotton and wool fabrics, and the making of machine and hand cards.
He was one of the very earliest manufacturers of cooking stoves in
the country.

At the age of nineteen, Mr. Woolson went into business on his
own account, choosing the newspaper profession instead of manufac-
tures for his debut. His first venture was as editor and publisher of
a newspaper in Grafton county, New Hampshire. Two years later, he
sold out and removed to Virginia, where he assumed charge of the
Charlotteville Advocate. But the political and social atmosphere of
the South was uncongenial to one born and bred in the free air of
Vermont. He could neither feel nor atTect to feel anything but
abhorrence of the "institution," and so he soon terminated his con-
nection with the press of Virginia, and returned to the land of
churches, free schools and free speech. In 1S30, he married Miss
Pomeroy, of Cooperstown, New York, and removing to Keene, New
Hampshire, engaged in mercantile business ; but he who has once
dabbled in journalism imbibes a taste which it is difficult afterwards
to eradicate. Mr. Woolson was not at home in a mercantile store,
and before long he purchased the New England Palladium, a Boston
daily newspaper, and conducted it for two years, when he bade a
final adieu to journalism as a profession, disposing of his property in
the Palladium and removing to Claremont, New Hampshire, where
he engaged with his father in the manufacture of stoves. Here he
remained until 1S40, wlien he removed to Cleveland, taking with him
the patterns and materials connected with the stove business, and

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEX. -401

coinincMicGil on his own account in a small way, his ca])i1:il havini;
been soriously crippled by the financial convulsion of 1n:)7.

Mr. Woolson had, in 1S15, succeeded in getting his busiiioss into a
flourishing condition, when, through the defalcation of a trusted part-
ner, he was very nearly ruined. But he did not stop his works one
day on account of this disaster. Collecting together his scattert-d
resources, he set to work all the harder, and as the Fall of the year
approached, had succeeded in accumulating a tine stock of wares for
the Fall trade, which he had stored in a warehouse at the rear of his
factory, but which he neglected to insure. A fire broke out, and the
building, with its contents, was completely destroyed, resolving the
valuable stoves into a heap of old iron. Even this did not stop the
works. With his characteristic energy, Mr. Woolson had the
ground cleared and set to work with redoubled zeal, making new
stoves out of the old iron, and succeeded in doing a tolerable busi-
ness that winter, in spite of his accumulation of disasters.

When Mr. Woolson commenced business in Cleveland, it was but a
lively village. His stove foundry, the tirst of importance in northern
Ohio, when running to its full capacity, employed but ten hands, and
its trade was limited to the immediate vicinity, and a few towns on the
canal. But few of the farmers then used cooking stoves, the tire on
the hearth serving for all purposes of cooking and warming. The
works nov/ emplo}' about one hundred hands when running full, and
the customers are found in Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas, Nebraska.
Minnesota and Iowa. The firm was changed several years since to
Woolson & Hitchcock, and subsequently to Woolson, Hitchcock
& Carter. Death removed the senior and junior partners of the
firm within a few months of each other.

Mr. Woolson's death was caused by erysipelas, brought on by
debility ; after an illness of two weeks the disease yielded to medical
treatment, and he seemed to gain strength rapidly. On Saturday, tlie
olst of July, he joined a party of friends and drove in his buggy
twenty miles into the country, lielieving that the fresh air would
invigorate him as it had done many times before when his health
gave way. But the old remedy failed, and, leaving his horse behind,
Mr. Woolson took the cars and reached home in the evening very
much exhausted. After lingering live days, typhoid symptoms
appeared, and at eight o'clock Friday morning he died, unconscious,
and without suiTering, ofter a life of <)3 years and one month.

Mr. Woolson possessed a very genial and sociable disposition, was
highly intelligent and well informed, and in spite 9f an inlirmity of

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402 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

deafness was a charrain;? companion. His business qualifications are
proven by the success of the establishment he founded, in spite of
the succession of unforeseen and unavoidable disasters with whicli it
had to contend. He was a man of very domestic habits, and these
habits were mellowed and refined by many family losses that might
have crushed one less hopeful, and less patient and uncomplaining.
To his family he was entirely devoted, and all the affection of a loving
household clustered around him with an intensity that made the blow
of his sudden loss one peculiarly hard to be borne.

Mr. Woolson had long been connected with Grace Church (Epis-
copal), of which he was senior warden, and very tender domestic
ties, sundered by death some years since, made that church peculiarly
dear to him.

WILLIAM HART.

William Hart, son of Judah Hart, of English descent, was born in
Norwich, Connecticut, in the year ISll. About the year 1S21, Judah
Hart removed to the West with his lamily, settling in Brownhelm,
Lorain county, wliere he died two years after, and one year from this
time, William changed his residence to Cleveland. Soon after the
arrival of the Harts in Cleveland, Governor Clinton, of New York,
came to Ohio to formally commence the work of constructing the
Ohio Canal, which was begun on the fourth of July, 1S25. Governor
Clinton landed in Cleveland in June, and one of the principal inci-
dents of ]\[r. Hart's recollection of his early days in Cleveland, was
the general turning out of the people to receive and welcome tlie
father of internal improvements. Cleveland was then but an insig-
nilicant village, a place " six miles from Newburg, where steaiuboats
stopped to wood and water," but great, and well-founded hopes were
entertained of the benefits to tiow from the opening of the canal,
and the people were therefore mucli elated at the arrival of Governor
Clinton, who was to commence tlie important work, and whose infiu-
ence had done so much to aid the enterprise.

About this time vounir Hart went to live with Asabel Abel, to

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4o3

w-hoin he was apprenticed for the purpose of learning the business of
cabinet niaking. When the term of his appretiticesliip liad expired,
he set i(p in business on his own account, nt first opening his modest
store and workshop on the site of the present Birch House, and sul;-
sequentl}', after five or six years of business, removing his location to
the opposite side of the street, on the spot now occupied by his
present warehouse.

In 1S52, a lire swept away his entire establishment, destroying
ware-rooms, factory, and all the appurtenances, and tlirowing out of
employment the twenty hands of which his force of workmen then
consisted. In the succeeding year, he rebuilt the warehouse and
factory on a greath^ enlarged scale, and has since still further enlarged
and improved the buildings, until, in size and commodiousness, they
are not excelled in the city. At present, seventy -live hands are
employed in the establishment, aided by the most improved descrip-
tions of labor-saving machinery adapted to the business, and the
annual sales reach nearly' two hundred thousand dollars.

Mr. Hart believed in always putting his shoulder to the wheel,
though on one occasion a too literal adherence to this principle came
near costing him his life. In attempting to give some aid in the
factory, he came in contact with a circular saw, and his right arm was
nearly severed from the shoulder. This "was in the year 1S50. On his
partial recovery, the citizens, to show^ their sympathy with liim in his
misfortune, elected him City Treasurer, an otfice then of but little
value, requiring only a small portion of his time and paying him two
hundred dollars a year. For nineteen years he held this office unin-
terruptedly, being elected by both parties term after term, and
witnessing the growth of the city, under his tinancial administration,
from an annual revenue of forty-eight thousand dollars to nearly two
millions. The emoluments of the office have risen from a salary of
two hundred dollars to a salary of lifteen hundred dollars, and a
percentage on special taxes collerted. During his nineteen years of
service, Mr. Hart has negotiated all the loans, sold the school bonds,
and collected the special taxes, occupying nearly the whole of his
time, and employing the services of a clerk in transacting the busi-
ness of his office.

When William Hart became City Treasurer, the credit of the city
stood rather low, city warrants being hawked about at seventy-five
cents on the dollar. This unsatisfactory state of things was put an
end to, mainly through the exertions of the Hon. H. B. Payne, then in
the City Council, who procure.I the funding of the outstanding debt,

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404 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

and brought the credit of the city up to the high standard at which it
now stands.

When Judah Hart reached Cleveland, the then far West, a part of
the family slept in the Mansion House, occupying the site on which
now stands Cooper's hardware store, but young William and some
other members of the family slept in the covered traveling wagon,
under a shed standing on the site of the present Atwater Block.
With the revolution of years the then poor boy has now become part
owner of the splendid block standing where a part of the Harts slept,
homeless wayfarers, forty-live years ago.

In 1834, Mr. Hart was married in Cleveland, to Miss Elizabeth
Kirk, daughter of John Kirk, who had left England about a dozen
years previously. No children were born of this marriage, but the
pair have adoi)ted four, giving them all the advantages and rights of
children born to themselves, and three of these are now married.

Still in vigorous life, Mr. Hart has, to a great extent, retired from
active business, his establishment being carried on mainly by his sons
through adoption or marriage. This partial rest he has earned by a
life of labor and enterprise, in which he has watched nnrrowly his
opportunities, and availed himself of every chance of improving his
facilities for manufacture, and enlarging his field of business, has
faithfully performed his official duties, and has secured the respect
alike of his business acquaintances, his political constituents, and
the public at large.

JOHN BOUSFIELl).

The wooden ware manufacture of Cleveland is an important pnrt
of its industry, the manufacturing establishments being the largest
within the United States and doing a business that covers t!ie entire
west. Large as the industry now is, it is of but very recent growth,
and Cleveland is chieily indebted for its permanent establishment, in
spite ot a series of discouraging disasters, to the enterprise and
determination of John Bousfield.

Mr. Boustield was born at Stockport, in the county of Cheshire.
England, July 22, 1819. After serving an apprenticeship to the saddle

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ITS REPRESENrAriVE MEN. 405

and harness business for seven years, he engaged in that Ijii^iness on
his own acconnt, adding to it the manufacture of whips. Four 3'ear.s
were thus spent, when lie decided on removing to America, leavin.i^
his native land in December, 1S43. Having brought two of his
workmen with him, he established himself in the same business in a
small way in the city of New York, but his health failing after a few-
months, he determined on leaving for the west, hoping that a change
of atmosphere, and possibly of business, would be of benefit.

His first stay was at Kirtland, Lake county, Ohio, where he
purchased a farm and at the same time carried on the harness
business. At this he continued until about the year ISoO, when he
purchased a factory and water i)ower, put in a pail-making machine,
and commenced, in a small way, the manufacture of pails. In 1S54,
he removed to Fairport, in the same county, where he purchased a
larger building and carried on pail manufacturing upon a larger
scale. In March, 1S55. he sold out the establishment, taking in pay
for it a note which he still holds.

In May of that year he came to Cleveland and organized the
Cleveland Wooden Ware Manufacturing Company, built a factory on
the ground now occupied by the present firm of Bousfield & Poole,
and commenced manufacturing in the following September. The
first operations of the company were on a small scale, making tubs,
pails, washboards, and similar firticles in a limited way, but grad-
ually increasing the business until it reached what was then consid-
ered respectable proportions. In July, 1857, the company sold out
to Greenman & Co., of Massachusetts, and Mr. Bousfield was
retained by the new owners as superintendent of the works, until
January 12, 1859, when the factory was destroyed by fire.

In March of that year, Mr. Bousfield rented a building on the
West Side and commenced manufacturing again on his own account.
Five months afterwards he was burned out. Nothing daunted, he
immediately purchased the ruins of the Greenman &: Co. factory,
rebuilt it, and in January, 1800, associated with him Mr. J. B. Hervey,
of Cleveland, and in the following montli resumed work.

The new partnership was very successful. The business increased
rapidly, the area of their trade enlarged until it comprised all the
principal cities and towns in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and
Wisconsin. A planing mill wa-< added to the factory, and this, too,
was highly profitable. In 1801, the works were greath^ enlarged to
meet the rapidly increasing demand for their wares. In 1805, Mr.
John Poole, of Harmer, Ohio, was admitted to the partnership, thus

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406 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

bringing in additional cai)ital and experience gained in the manage-
ment of a similar factory at Ilarmer. :^rr. Poole has devoted himself
principally to the iinancial and sales departments of the business,
and has proved himself a man of more than ordinary business ability.

Thus far everything had been going on prosperously, but the old
enemy, fire, was as relentless as ever. On the 23d of March, ISGO, the
whole of the extensive establishment was reduced to ashes, and the
unfortunate proprietors sorrowfully contemplated the ruins of years
of labor and enterprise, whilst a host of workmen stood still more
sorrowfully by, and saw their daily bread swept from them by the
pitiless flames. Seventy-five thousand dollars of capital were
converted into valueless ashes in a few hours.

The owners of the factory wasted no time in fruitless sorrow. An
old wooden building had partially escaped the flames. This was
hastily patched up, and within thirty days they were making pails
and tubs as earnestly as if they had never known a fire. Mr. Hervey
sold out his interest to the other partners, Messrs. Bousfield &
Poole, who went to work with almost unparalleled enterprise and
energy, built one of the largest and most substantial factories in the
country, and entered upon the work of manufacturing wooden ware
upon a larger scale than had ever before been attempted. The
factory has two hundred feet front on Leonard and Voltaire streets
with a depth of sixty feet, and five st(5ries high ; attached to the main
building are the engine and boiler rooms. The cost of the building
was forty-live thousand dollars. The present capacity of the works is
twenty-five hundred pails per day, six hundred tubs, a hundred and
twenty-live churns and other small ware, and a hundred dozen zinc
washboards.

In May, 1S67, the firm commenced the erection of a match factorv
which was ready for operation in September of that year. A super-
intendent was engaged who, unfortunately, was unqualified for his
position and did much harm to the enterprise, but on his removal. Mr.
Bousfield took personal charge of the match factory, and has
succeeded in building up an extensive trade. The daily capacity of
the factory is two hundred and ninety gross, which, if run to the full
capacity throughout the year, would yield to the United States
government a revenue of over a hundred and twenty thousand
dollars.

The trade of Messrs. Bousefild & Poole extends from BulFalo
through the principal cities of the central, southern and western
States, to New Orleans on the south, and Salt Lake City on the west,

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 407

two bills having been sold to the son-in-law of Biighani Voung in
that city. A branch warehouse has been established in Chicago as
an entrepot for the supply of the vast territory of which Chicago is
the source of supply.

The manufactory of Messrs. Bouslield it Poole is the largest in
the country, and for the past three years has turned out about ht'ty
per cent, more work than any other in the United States. It con-
sumes ten millions of feet of lumber and logs annually, besides other
material', and gives employment to from three hundred to three
hundred and fifty persons, men women and children. Its inMuence
on the population and prosperity of the city can therefore be judged.
The money for the support of these people, and for the purchase of
the materials employed, is almost wholly brought from abroad, the
amount of the wares used in Cleveland being, of course, a very small
fraction of the amount produced and sold. The same is true to a
greater or less extent, of all the manufactories of Cleveland, and
serves to account for the rapid growth of the city in population and
wealth within the few years past, in which Cleveland has entered in
good earnest on its career as a manufacturing centre.

Mr. Bouselleld was married January 1, 1S55, to Miss Sarah Feath-
erstone, of Kirtland, by whom he has had ten children, six of whom
are yet living. The oldest son, Edward Franklin Bouslield, is
engaged with his father in the factory.

The secret of Mr. Bousiield's successful career can be found in
his indomitable perseverance. He has been wholly burned out three
times, and had, in all, about twenty tires, more or less disastrous, to
contend with, but each time he seemed to have gained new strength
and vigor in business as his works rose phoenix like from the ashes.
Coupled with his perseverance is a remarkable mechanical ingenuity
which has served him to good purpose in the construct i.in und
management of his factories. Whilst in England, he invented a
machine for braiding whips that would do the work of fifteen women
working by hand, as was the usual practice.

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408 CLEP'EI.AXD, PAST AXD PRESENT:

J. G. HUSSEY.

Among the elements that have contributed to the prosperity of
Cleveland, copper and oil hold no inconsiderable place. Not only
has the cupriferous wealth of Lake Superior directly enriched many
Cleveland citizens who interested themselves in its j^roduction, but
it has led to the establishment of a large and steadily increasing
commerce between Cleveland and Lake Superior. Li the other
direction, the enterprise of Clevelanders in the petroleum region of
Western Pennsylvania has built up large fortunes for themselves and
has established in Cleveland one of the most extensive and remuner-
ative of its industries. One of the earliest to be identified, first with
the copper and afterwards with the oil interest, was J. G. Hussey.

Christopher Hussey, the father of the subject of the present sketch,
emigrated from Baltimore and settled in Cincinnati, in 1S04, subse-
quently removing to Jefferson county, Ohio, where J. G. Hussey was
born in 1S19. Young Hussey received such an education as the facil-
ities of a rural neighborhood at that early day afforded, and added to
his school knowledge the practical details of business by becoming
clerk in a village store. Here he acquired those correct business
habits that stood him in good service in after life. In 1S40, he opened
a store on his own account in Hanover, Ohio, and was very successful.-
From Hanover he removed to Pittsburgh, where he operated in
provisions until 184:5. In that year there was much excitement over
the mineral discoveries on the south shore of Lake Superior. The
Indian titles to the mineral lands on that lake had been but a short
time before completely extinguished, and the surveys of Dr. Hough-
ton were bringing the cupriferous riches of the region into notice.
Mining permits were issued under the authority of Congress, those
permits giving the applicant a lease for three years, with a conditional
re-issue for three years more. The lessees were to work the mines
with due diligence and skill, and to pay a royalty to the United
States of six per cent, of all the ores raised. Early in the Spring of
1845, Mr. Hussey formed a company of miners and explorers, with
whom he went to Lake Superior and opened .-everal copper veins,
some of which proved highly productive and are still successfully

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worked. In some of these he has retained an interest to the i>resc>nt
time.

In the 8prin<; of 1S47, he became a member of the private bankini;
firm of Ilussey, Hanna & Co., in Pittsburgh, which did a succe=^ful
business for several years. At the same time he became interested
in a banking establishment in Milwaukee, under the firm name of
Marshall, Ilussey tt Ilsley. In 1S50, he removed to Milwaukee, to
attend lo the interest of that firm, but the climate proving injurious
to liis health, he sold out and removed to Cleveland, where he took
up his residence in 1S51. From that time he became thoroughly
identified with the business interests of the city.

His first act was to establish the Forest City Bank, under the
regulations of the Free Banking Law of Ohio, and during his connec-
tion witli the institution it was eminently successful. During the
same summer, he built and put in operation a copper smelting and
refining works, under the firm name of J. G. Hussey & Co., engaging
at the same time in the produce commission business, under the firm
name of Hussey ct Sinclair, which afterwards changed to Hussey c^'
McBride. It is a matter of fact, on which Mr. Hussey justly prides
himself, and to which in great measure he attributes his success, that
he confined himself strictly to the legitimate conduct of his business
as a commission dealer, never speculating in produce when selling it
for others.

In 1S59, Mr. Hussey became interested in the discoveries of petro-
leum in the creeks and valleys of Venango county, Pennsylvania.
With his characteristic energy he \<e\\t to the scene of the excitement
just breaking out over the discoveries, and becoming satisfied of tlieir
importance, he immediately commenced the work of exploration, in
company with others, who purchased the McElhenny Farm, on which
was struck the noted Empire well, one of the most famous wells on
Oil Creek, that by its extraordinary yield first added to the petroleum
excitement, and then broke down the market by a supply far in excess
of the then demand. The tools were no sooner extracted than tlie
oil rushed up in a torrent, e(iual to three thousand barrels daily.
The good fortune of the adventurers was disastrous. It was more
than they had bargained for. and was altogether too much of a good
thing. The demand at that time was very limited, the uses to which
petroleum had been applied being few, and science had not yet
enabled it to be converted into tlie cheap and useful illuminator it
has now become. One day's How of the Empire would supply all the
demands of the United States for a week. Barrels, too, were scarce,

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410 CLEl'KLAXD, FAST AXD PRESENT:

and when those at hand were tilled tanks were hastily improvised,
but were speedily ovcrtlowed. Pits were dug and rapidly filled, until
at length the well owners, cursed with too much good luck, were
compelled to turn tlie oil into the river. Then it rapidly fell in
price, owing to the superabundant supply. It fell, in the autumn of
1861, to ten cents a barrel, and the oil interest was, for the time,
ruined.

At this juncture Mr. Ilussey was induced to erect works for
refining the oil and preparing it as an illuminator. The first estab-
lishment was a small one, but as the demand increased and the oil
interest revived, the capacity was increased until it reached its present
limit of from three hundred and fifty to four hundred barrels per day.

When the second oil excitement broke out in 1864, Mr. Hu fsey
was again one of the leading explorers and adventurers in the oil
regions of Pennsylvania. Successful wells were put down in Oil
Creek and on the Allegheny river, and a large proportion of the
product was brought to Cleveland to be refined. His interest in this
department of industry became so great and important, that after
fifteen years of active connection with the produce and copper
smelting business of Cleveland, he sold out his interest in both the
commission house and smelting works and devoted his entire atten-
tion to oil.

Mr. Hussey is a good example of the success attending faithful,
intelligent and conscientious attention to business. A self-made
man, he never lost sight of the fact that the same scrupulous honest}'
which gave him success was necessary to retain it. Debt he looked
upon as the road to" ruin, and he scrupulously shunned it. He never
bought an article for himself or his family on credit His business
paper was always good and never was protested. His engagements
were ever punctual!}' kept. His two cardinal principles were ''Time
is money,'' and ""Honesty is the best policy," and these rules of
action he carefully impressed on the young men whom he brought up
in business life. The value of his teachings and example is shown
in the fact that those brought up under his business care during the
past twenty years have come to hold a place in the front rank of
business men, and have, by their energy and integrity, accumulated
competence, and even affluence.

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A B. STONE.

Andro? B. Stone was born in the town of Charlton, Worcester
county, ^lassaehusetts, June IS, 1S24. He is the youngest son of Mr.
Amasa Stone, (now a hale, old man, ninety years of age, in jjossession
of all his faculties.) and brother of A. Stone, Jr., whose biography
has been sketched in an earlier portion of this work. Mr, Stone's
boyhood was spent in the various occupations of country farm life,
where he received in common with other boys the advantages of a
public school education. In hi^^ sixteenth year he left home to try
the world for himself, and for a year and a half worked industriously
at the carpenter's trade with his elder brother, to whom he was
apprenticed for four years, to receive thirty-five dollars the first year,
forty the second, forty-five the third, and fifty the fourth. An uncon-
querable desire for a better education forced him to leave this
occupation for a time, and enter an academy, the expenses of which
he met in part by teaching a public school in the winter season, and
which left him only five dollars with which to make another start in
the world.

In the meantime, Mr. Stone's brother, to whom he was apprenticed,
had been employed by Mr. Howe, the patentee of the " Howe Bridge,"
and to Audros was assigned the keex)ing of the time of the workmen,
and other similar duties, instead of the more direct labors of the
shop. In the autumn of 1842, Mr. Howe purchased Mr. Stone's unex-
pired time from his brother, advanced his pay, and kept him in the
same employment as time-keeper, and adding to this duty that of
making estimates, drawing bridge i)lans, etc., allowing him in the
winter an opportunity of increasing his finances by teaching school.
Subsequently, Mr. A. Boody and Mr. A. Stone, Jr., purchased the
Howe Patent for building bridges in New England, and-A. B. Stone,
then about nineteen years of age, made an engagement with the new
firm. At first he was given the charge of a few men in framing and
raising small bridges, but an opportunity soon occurred which
enabled him to exhibit his capabilities in a most advantageous light.
Messrs. Boody and Stone were constructing a bridge over the rapids
of the Connecticut river at Windsor Locks, about fifteen hundred feet

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412 CLEVELAXD, PAST AXD PRESEST:

I
ill length, in spans of one luuitlred and eighty feet. One day the

superintendent, wlio liad the iiniuediatc charge of the work, went to
Mr. Stone and compKaiued of ]>eing so ill that he was obliged to go
home, and desired him to take temporary charge of the men. 3Ir.
Stone alleged his unlitness for tiie duty of taking charge of so many
men at the commencement of so important a work, but as the super-
intendent said he could not stay longer, Mr. Stone was compelled to
assume the responsibility, against his wishes.

On examining the condition of the work the cause of the superin-
tendent's severe illness was made manliest. The lower chords or
stringers, of about two hundred and sixty feet in length, had been
packed without being placed opposite each other, one being placed
several feet too far in one direction, and the other about the same
distance in the opposite direction. Here was a dilemma and a
diiliculty, and an abilit\' in the mind of the young mechanic to meet
it, so that, in a very short time, the chords were properly adjusted.
He then proceeded with the work, and in three days had nearly com-
pleted the first span, when his brother paid a visit of inspection to
the bridge. Not finding the regular superintendent in charge, he
naturally inquired the cause, and when the circumstances were
explained, examined the work very minutely. Without any com-
ments upon what had been done, Mr. Stone left the place, leaving his
younger brother in charge, a tacit expression of confidence which
was most gratifying, and gave him a self-confidence he had not
previously possessed. About this time Mr. Stone was advanced to
the general superintendence of construction, which position he
retained between two and three years, when his brother admitted
him as his partner in the construction of the bridges on the Atlantic
& St. Lawrence railroad. A year was successfully spent in the
prosecution of this work, when a partnership was formed with Mr.
A. Boody for constructing the bridges on the Rutland A: Burlington
railroad in Vermont, which, although accompanied with grave ditfi-
culties, resulted in success.

In 1S50, Mr. Stone extended the field of his operations by forming
a new partnership with ^Ir. ^laxwell, and purchasing tiie Howe
Patent for building bridges in the three northern New England States,
For two years this field was profitably and creditably tilled, when,
dazzled by the ample resources of the West, New England was
abandoned for Illinois. Here another partnership was formed, with
his brother-in-law, Mr. Boomer, and under the stimulating effect of an
undeveloped country, the new firm of Stone 6c Boomer soon took a

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high and lionorable rank throughout the entire Western States. The
total amount of bridging built by this firm from 1S52 to 1S58 was not
less tlian thirty thousand feet. They constructed the iirst brid<re
across tlie ^Mississippi river, the longest span of a wooden truss that
had up to that time ever been built. Tliis was done under the most
trying circumstances, the thermometer at times marking 30 degrees
below zero. The longest draw-bridge of its period was also erected
by this lirm across the Illinois river, it having a length of two hun-
dred and ninety-two feet, the whole structure revolving on its centre
and capable of being opened by one man in one and one-half minutes.
During this time they built the roof of the Union Passenger Uouse, in
Chicago, which was of longer span than had hitherto been built.
The organization for the carrying on of their work was so complete,
that it was a common remark among the engineers of western rail-
roads, " If we want any bridges put up on short notice, we can get
them of Stone & Boomer ; they have them laid up on shelves, ready
for erection 1" In connection with their bridge business the lirm
carried on the manufacture of railroad cars.

In the Spring of 1S5S, Mr. Stone gave up his home and business in
Chicago for his present residence in Cleveland and his present busi-
ness as an iron manufacturer. After carefully investigating the
advantages which Cleveland aiforded for such a purpose, and realizini:
the present and prospective demands for an increased development
for the manufacture of iron, Mr. Stone availed himself of the oi)por-
tunity of identifying his interests with that of the tirm of CJiisholin
& Jones, who at that time had just put in operation a small mill in
Newburg. Here at once opened a new and delightful opportunity
for Mr. Stone to develope his natural love for the mechanical arts.
To manufacture iron required knowledge — was a science, and td \<o
master of his business was both his duty and his pride, and chjinietl
all his unflagging energy, his undaunted courage and determination.
Thus the small mill at Newburg grew from the capacity of turnin^'
out thirty tons of re-rolled rails to its i)resent capacity of si.xty ton-\
beside the addition of a puddling mill, a merchant bar mill, a wirf
rod mill, two blast furnaces, si)ike, nut and bolt M'orks. In the moan
time the small beginning liad ijrown into such large proportions, and
so many railroad corporations iiad centered here, that it was thouL'ht
best to form the same into a .-tock comj.any, embracing another ml!-
ing mill on the lake shore, within the city limits. Tiiis wa-^ d';nc,
Mr. Stone tilling the olhce of I'resident of the Cleveland Kolling .Mill
Company. In l-^JS, t!ie Company put into successful operation extc-n-

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414 CLEVELAKD, PAST AND PRESENT:

sive steel works which they had been engaged in erecting with great
care and expense for nearly two years. During that time Mr. Stone
had made two visits to Europe for more thorough investigation into
the process of making Bessemer steel, and the success of this under-
taking so far has been admitted by all who have visited the works to
be without parallel in the American manufacture of steel. In addi-
tion to this heavy and extended business, Mr. Stone is president of
another rolling mill company in Chicago, in which he is largely
interested, also of a large coal mining company in Indiana, and vice
President of a large iron manufacturing company at Harmony,
Indiana, also president of the American Sheet and Boiler Plate
Company.

Mr. Stone is eminently known, and justly so, as a mechanic, and
is widely known as a man who crowns his thoughts with his acts.
Still in the prime of manhood, he stands connected with manufactur-
ing interests, furnishing employment to thousands of men, all of
which has been the outgrowth of scarcely more than ten years. This
eminent success has not been the result of speculation, or of luck,
but the legitimate end of his own hands and brain. Neither can it
be said he has had no reverses. At one time the failure of railroad
companies left him, not only penniless, but fifty thousand dollars in
debt. "With an indomitable will he determined to liquidate that debt,
and how well he succeeded need not be told. Mr. Stone at present
stands at the head of iron manufacturing companies, second to none
in the country, possessing almost unlimited credit. This extraordi-
nary success has by no means affected Mr. Stone's modest nature for
■which he is so noted. Gentlemanly and affable in his intercourse
with all ranks and conditions of men, he has won universal respect,
and an enviable position in the business interests of our country.

Mr. Stone was married in 1846 to Miss M. Amelia Boomer, daughter
of Rev. J. B. Boomer, of Worcester, Massachusetts.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 41i

HENRY CHISHOLM.

Henry Chisholm is of Scotch origin, having been born in Lochgelly
in Fifeshire, April 27, 1822. There, as in New England, children, if
they are heirs to nothing else, inherit the privilege of some early
education. When he was at the age of len his father died. At the
age of twelve, Henry's education was finished and he was apprenticed
to a carpenter, serving in an adjoining city five years, at the expira-
tion of which time he went to Glasgow, as a journeyman. Whilst in
Glasgow, he married Miss Jane Allen, of Dunfermline.

In 1842, he resolved to quit his native land and seek his fortune in
the West. Landing in Montreal, in April, he found employment as a
journeyman carpenter, working at his trade for two years. He then
undertook contracts on his own account, relying wholly on his own
resources for their execution, and all his undertakings proved
successful. In 1850, he entered into partnership with a friend to
build the breakwater for the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, at
Cleveland, the work occupying three years. This, and other similar
contracts, such as building piers and depots at Cleveland, employed
his time and energies until his commencement of the iron business
at Newburg, as one of the firm of Chisholm, Jones &: Co. This
company, and its business, have.developed into the Cleveland Kolling
Mill Company of Cleveland, with tv/o rail mills, making a hundred
tons of rails and twenty-five tons of merchant iron per day; two blast
furnaces, turning out forty tons of pig iron daily, and a Bessemer steel
works, manufacturing thirty tons of steel per day. Besides these,
have been established the Union Ptolling Mills of Chicago, making
seventy tons of rails per day; of this extensive establishment Mr.
Chisholm's son, William, is manager. There are also two blast
furnaces and a rolling mill in Indiana, making forty tons of iron per
day. Fifteen hundred acrc^ of coal land are owned in connection
with these works. Of all those enterprises Mr. Chisholm has been
one of the leading managers, and remains largely interested, his
perse verence and energy ai<ling materially to crown the undertak-
ings, up to the present time, with the greatest success.

In the midst of a business so large, the social and religious duties
of Mr. Chisholm have not been neglected. He is a zealous and

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4:16 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

liberal member of the Second Baptist church. For more than
twenty-three years himself and wife liave been professors of religion,
and their tive surviving children, the oldest of whom is now twenty-
six years old, have become members of the same church.

The history of the Scotch boy and his success in America should
be read by the youth of England and Scotland, as an example for
them to follow. In these and other European countries such a career
would be almost, if not quite, impossible. Mr. Chisholm lias not been
made proud by success, but retains the aflability and simplicitv of his
early days. He has still a hearty physical constitution, with the
prospect of a long life in which to enjoy, in the retired and quiet
manner most agreeable to his tastes, the good fortune of this world,
and the respect of his employees, and neighbors and friends, which
he values more highly than money.

R. P. MYERS.

R, P. Myers was born in Schodack, Rensselaer county. New York,
January 1, 1820. When between two and three years of age, his
parents moved to Sand Lake, in the same county. His father died
May 14, 1823, leaving but very limited means for the support of the
widowed mother and three young children; and it is to the prayers,
counsels and Christian intiuence of his mother Mr. Myers is largely
indebted for the direction of his life. At the age of fifteen he left
school and became clerk in a village store, but after one year, being
dissatistied with the business prospects of the village, he obtained a
situation in a dry goods store in Albany.

In 1842, he commenced business in Albany in the same line, with
but two hundred and tw^enty-tive dollars and a good character, for his
capital, under the tirm name of Allen & Myers, continuing thus about
two years. At the end of that time, believing the West otl'ered greater
inducements to young men of small means, he removed to Ohio. His
partner had previously made a tour of observation through the West
and become favorably impressed with the business prospects of
Akron, Ohio, which was at that time attracting considerable atten-
tion. Mr. Myers, in company with his wife, passed through Cleveland

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 417

May .3d, 1844, (beinp; the first anniversary of their wedding) <.n Iheir
way to Akron. There he conducted his old business under tlic same
name as at Albany, for about one year, and then formed a romi)any
for the manufacture of stoves, under the style of Myers, Cobb tt Co.,
his former partner being the " Co." To this business he j^^ave his
personal attention. The dry goods business was discontinued al)out
a year after engaging in the manufacture of stoves. In addition to
this Mr. Myers became interested in the manufacture of woolen and
cotton machinery, machine cards, &c., the name of the firm being
Allen, Hale & Co. This v/as developed into a nourishing business.

In 1S49, he was instrumental in the formation of the Akron Stove
Company, into which the firm of Myers, Cobb <fc Co. merged. At the
first meeting of the stockholders Mr. Myers was chosen general agent,
in which position he remained with signal profit to the stockholders,
until February 1st, 1859. This, though a small company, was one of
the most successful stock companies ever formed in this part of the
country. Business continued to expand, causing the company to
enlarge its facilities for manufacturing from time to time, and their
products were sold through Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and other
Western States. Tlie fact that the stock at the time he retired from
the comx)any sold for from four hundred to five hundred per cent.
above par value, after declaring liberal dividends from time to time,
speaks more plainly of its unparalleled success than anything we ran
say, and is the best compliment that could be paid to the energy,
enterpise and business capacity of its retiring manager.

After a time, the stove business required his whole attention, and
the machine branch was sold out to one of the other partners ; he then
bent all his energies to the invention and perfection of the stoves,
and the vigorous prosecution of the business of the company. xMter
conducting the business of the company ten years, he felt tlie want
of a larger field for enterprise, cast around for the most eligible
situation, and finally concluded that Cleveland was destined to be a
great stove centre. Resigning the management of the conii)any
February 1st, 1859, but retaining most of his interest, he cnine lo
Cleveland and started an individual manufactory, at the same tune
connecting with the stove business the wholesaling of tin plate, sheet
iron, «fcc., which was conducted with such energy that a large trade
was attracted to Cleveland that had previously been given to o!i»er
markets.

The rapid development of business, the demand upon his time m
the manufacturing <lepartment, and the need of extended ta«-ilitie^

37

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418 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

induced Mr. Myers to associate with him Messrs. B. F. Rouse and
James M. Osborn, who now form the firm of flyers, Rouse & Co. Since
the present firm has existed they have built a new foundry, of large
capacity, with all the modern improvements, on West River street,
which is now taxed to its full capacity to meet the wants of their
trade.

The increase of the stove manufacturing of the city is estimated
to have been full four hundred per cent, in ten years, and has fully
justified Mr. Myers' estimate of the natural advantages of Cleveland
as a manufacturing point.

This firm has patented a variety of new^ stoves that have become
very popular, and hence remunerative, among which are the Eclipse,
in 1850, soon followed by the Golden Rule and Benefactor, the last
named having obtained a most remarkable sale, and the name itself
become a household word throughout the country, and, in 186S, the
celebrated Princess stove.

Of course, close attention to the wants of the country in this
direction for about one quarter of a century, has given Mr. Myers a
very valuable experience, which he is continually turning to account
to the benefit of the public and his own enrichment. The shipments
of this firm are to nearly all the markets in the northwest, reaching
Council Bluffs and Omaha.

Mr. Myers is now numbered among the most successful business
men of the city, and his success has been achieved in a department
that has added very materially to the progress of the city. The large
number of men employed, and the still larger number put into
requisition in the production of the material required for the uses of
the manufactory, and to supply the needs of the men, have added to
the population and wealth of Cleveland.

Although so much engrossed in business since coming to Cleve-
land, Mr. Myers has found time to be active in many benevolent
movements. For thirty years he has been a useful member of the
Baptist church. His Christian labors have been generously given to
the Sunday schools and mission work, and he is at this time superin-
tendent of the First Baptist church Sunday school of tliis city.

Mr. Myers is now forty-nine years old, with a vigorous physical
constitution and strong mind, that give promise of very many years
of usefulness still to come.

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ITS REPRESE.NTAT1CE MEW 419

M. C. YOUiXGLOVE.

From 1837 to 1S42, when specie payments were resumed, Cleveland
saw her greatest financial embarrassments ; but from the latter year,
a new and more promising era dawned upon her. The land speculator
gave place to the business man, and for many years immediately fol-
lowing, her progress, though slow, was sure and steady. During these
years of dei)ression many young and enterprising men settled here,
who were, of course, untrammeledby old speculating debts, and their
business habits were untainted by the loose recklessness of the land
speculator. Many of these young men are now to be found among
our most substantial, successful and enterprising citizens, and the
gentleman whose name stands at the head of this article is one of
that number.

Mr. Younglove was born in Cambridge, Washington county. New
York, His immediate ancestors on both sides having been officers
in the Revolutionary army, gives him a good title to native citizen-
ship. His father died before his birth, leaving him sufficient property
for all educational purposes, but none to commence business -^-ith.
He first essayed a professional life, and with that view began the
study of law, but soon discovered that a sedentary occupation was
uncongenial to him, and abandoned the profession.

His first business connection, which was formed before his major-
ity, was with an uncle in his native county. But finding the country
village of his nativity too slow for a sanguine and active tempera-
ment, he determined to try his fortune in the then comparatively
unknown West, and in August, 1S3G, came to Cleveland. After a
clerkship of eight months in a dry goods store, he bought an interest
in a book store, and in a few months thereafter bought out his partner
and added job and news printing, and book publishing, to his other
business. At this time he introduced the first power press into
Cleveland— and it is believed the second that was run west of the
Alleghenies — on which he printed for a long time the daily papers ot
the city.

In 1S4S, in connection with Mr. John Hoyt, he built the Cleveland
Paper Mill ; the first having steam power west of the mountains,
and the first of any importance in the United States. This innova-

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420 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

tion on the old mode of obtaining power for such machinery, called
out many prophecies of failure. But these gentlemen not only made
their business a success, but demonstrated to Cleveland, that she
had, in her proximity to the coal fields, and in the steam engine,
facilities for manufacturing unsurpassed by the best water power
in the country — a hint which she has not been slow to imjjrove upon.

Messrs. Younglove & Iloyt finally united their business with that
of the Lake Erie Paper Company, under the name of the Cleveland
Paper Company, of which latter company Mr. Younglove was
elected president, and continued in the chief management of its
business until the Spring of 1867, when he sold his entire interest,
leaving the company with a capital of three hundred thousand
dollars, and one of the most prosperous paper manufacturing com-
panies in the country.

Mr. Younglove was one of the first of our citizens to perceive the
importance and necessity of a gas company for Cleveland. Learn-
ing that a charter had been obtained by some of our wealthy men, and
was laying dormant in their hands, he, with some associates, bought
it up and proceeded to the erection of the works — himself being one
of the directors. Few, however, know the struggles and discourage-
ments which these directors encountered in their efforts to furnish
the citizens of Cleveland with one of the greatest conveniences and
luxuries of civilized life. The stock could not be sold here. Aside
from that taken by Mr. Younglove, only five hundred dollars were
subscribed by the citizens, and distributed as follows : James Kellogg,
four hundred dollars, and J. W. Allen, one hundred dollars : and this
was subsequently all taken off the hands of the subscribers by i\[r.
Younglove before it was paid up. But the directors, well persuaded
of the value and importance of the work they had in hand, were in
no way discouraged, but pushed on the w^ork till all present funds
were exhausted and not a dollar w^as left in the treasury to meet the
demands of the next Saturday's pay roll. At this juncture, the
Board had a consultation, which may be fitly termed an *' anxious
meeting." The question arose, " What is to be done C and in
answer, each member determined to take such an amount of stock as
he could either pay for or sell. Mr. Younglove took tive thousand
dollars, and determined to make another attempt to sell to the
wealthy men of the city, but after four days of industrious etfort he
had not one dollar of subscription to reward his labor. Mr. \\ M.
Weddell wms the only one who gave any encouragement — "' lie might
take a few hundred dollars at seventy-five per cent/'

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4l>1

After tliis failure, Mr. Yoiinglove mortgaged his lot on Kucjid
avenue, where he now lives, and paid up his subscription, thus fullill-
ing his i»roniise to his associates, and placing himself on record us
the onhf citizen who would help to supply the city with gas.

In 1^50, Mr. Younglove, associated with Mr. Dudley BaMwin,
bought of Howell & Dewitt their machinery for manufacturing a<:ri-
cultural implements. This establishment was immediately enlarged
to do an extensive business. Mr. Baldwin subserjuently sold his
interest to his partner, who still retains his interest in the business,
it being at present one of the largest and most reputable manufacto-
ries in the city.

The writer of this has authority for saying, that Mr. Younglove
looks upon his connection with the Society for Savings in this city,
from its organization, as one of the most honorable and reputable of
his business life. It is an association purely benevolent in its objects
and action, managed by men who have no hope or desire of pecu-
niary benefit, with matured judgment and an abnegation of self
that may well secure for it the utmost confidence — as it most happily
has — of the laboring poor and the helpless, for whose benefit it is
maintained.

Mr. Younglove is one of the most enterprising and intelligent
business men. Having a natural talent for mechanics, he has done
much to inaugurate and encourage the manufactures of our citv.

JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER.

Although yet quite a young man, John D. Rockefeller occupies in
our business circles a position second to but few. He began life with
few advantages, save that of honesty of purpose and untlinehing
morality, and a determination to succeed, if unremitting etlbrt would
secure that end. He, in connection with M. B. Clark, commenced the
produce and commission business on the dock, with a small capital
saved from earnings. For a time their profits were exceedingly
small, but the firm soon gained the confidence of our citizens and
bankers, and at the end of the first year they had done business to
the amount of $-t5(),'X)0. Each successive year added to their
business, and in the fourth, it amounted to something like 61,-00,000,
the average being, perhaps, about $700,000.

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422 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

In the Spring of 1S63, Mr. Kockefellcr engaged in the oil refining
business, commencing v/ith a caparity of forty-five barrels of crude
oil per day, and gradually increased it until isO.j, when the capacity
of his works was a hundred and fifty barrels per day. At this time
he sold his interest in the commission business, and devoted his
whole attention to the oil refining. Every year witnessed an enlarge-
ment of his works, and for the last three years it is believed that his
has been the largest of its kind in the world, the present capacity
being twenty-five hundred barrels of crude oil per day. The growth
of the business, dating back to 1S05, was such that it becanie neces-
sary to establish a house in New York for the disposition of their oil,
where they now have w^arehouses of their own, and sell and take
care of their property.

The efiect of such works as those of Mr. Rockefeller in the city
may be imagined when we say that there are about one hundred men
regularly employed in them, besides a force of some fifteen or twenty
teams and teamsters. To these must be added from seven hundred
to eight hundred men around the city employed in making barrels
for the oil, and from 820,000 to 825,000 per year expended among
plumbers and various other mechanics for re[)airs. The enlargements
of their works this year will cost near !i5J:0,000.

Mr. Rockefeller never retrogrades ; he has always advanced from
tlie commencement. Close application to one kind of business, an
avoidance of all positions of an honorary character that cost time, and
strict business habits, have resulted in the success, the fruits of wliich
he now enjoys. He has worked himself, and kept everything per-
taining to his business in so methodical a manner that he knows
every night how he stands with the world. He was drilled to strict
economy as an accountant during hard times, before his own business
history, and he has rigidly adhered to the principles then learnt.

He has frequently been so situated as to choose between lii< own
judgment and that of older heads, and where he has followed hi> own
opinions in opposition to others of more experience he ha> seen no
reason to regret his choice. The result of his course has been, that,
though still young, he stands at the head of one of the most extensive
business establishments in the city, and is pos-^essed of WL-nlth sulR-
cient to secure a comfortable maintainance, and a provision against
the ordinary mishaps of business.

Mr. Rockefeller is a valued member of the Second Baptist church,
having long been a sincere believer in the faith and practice of the
Baptist church.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. i}?,

PETER THATCHER.

Peter Thatcher derives his descent in a direct line from the
Reverend Thomas Thatcher, the first minister of the Old Soulli
Church, in Boston, who at the age of twelve years left England with
his uncle Anthony, and arrived in New England in 1635.

Peter Thatcher was born in Attleboro, Massachusetts, July 20,
1812. At the age of nineteen, not liking his father's business of
farming, he announced his intention of seeking other means of liveli-
hood, and, sorely against his father's wish, he set out in search of
fortune. Two days after leaving his father's roof, he found employ-
ment with a house-carpenter, in Taunton, Massachusetts, to whom he
engaged himself to work one year for forty dollars and board. After
two years service in this employ he, in November, 1834, commenced
work on the Boston and Providence Railroad, laying track, in the
employ of Messrs. Otis & Co. His industry and ability attracted the
attention of his employers, and he was retained and promoted by
them, remaining in the employ of the firm and their successors, rail-
road building, until 1850, with the exception of three years spent on
Fort Warren and Fort Independence, in Boston Harbor, where he
superintended the work of construction under the supervision of
Colonel Sylvanus Thayer. During his career as a railroad builder he
was engaged on the principal railroads on the sea-coast from :\faine
to Georgia.

In 1850, the firm of Thatcher, Stone & Co. was formed, for the
purpose of building bridges, both in the eastern and western States,
an ofiice being opened in Springfield for the former, and another in
Cleveland for the latter. In 1S51, this firm was dissolved and that of
Thatcher, Burt *t Co. formed. The patent for building the Howe
Truss Bridge in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Michigan
was purchased, and nearly all the original railroad bridges in Ohio,
with the depots and engine houses, together with many in other
States, were built by this firm.

After having for thirteen years carried on the bridge building
business, and added to it a trade in lumber, the firm built the Union
Elevator, in Cleveland, and the new firm of Thatcher, Gardner, Burl

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42-4 CLEVELAND, PJST AND PRESENT:

& Co., commission merchants and produce dealers, was formed.
This firm was dissolved in lb»]5, by the withdrawal of Mr. Thatcher.

About this time a company was formed for the purchase of a
patent obtained for tlie manufacture of a durable paint and fire-proof
mastic from prepared iron ore. Mr. Thatcher was chosen president
of the company which at once entered on a vigorous prosecution of
its business and has succeeded beyond the anticipation of its pro-
jectors. The paint is made of Lake Superior iron ore, ground fine
and mixed with linseed oil, with which it forms a perfect union. It is
then nsed in a thin state as a paint for surfaces, whether of wood'
stone or metal, exposed to the weather, and in a thicker state for a
fire-proof mastic. The ore is crushed with machinery of great
strength, and about three tons of the paint are produced daily, be-
sides the mastic, and find ready market.

In connection with the above Mr. Thatcher has recently purchased
a patent, obtained by 3[r. Ward, for the manufacture of " Metalic
Shingle Roofing,'' which is now being perfected and introduced to the
public, and which, its inventor claims, will supercede all methods of
roofing now in use for cheapness, durability, weight and efiectiveness.

Mr. Thatcher has long been identified with the Masonic order, and
has filled high positions in that body. He is Past M. of Iris Lodge of
Cleveland, Past H. P. of Webb Chapter, has been Treasurer of Iris
Lodge for ten years, Past D. G. H. P. of the Grand Chapter of Ohio,
and is now Grand Treasurer of the Grand Commandery of Knights
Templar of Ohio, which position he has held six years.

Mr. Thatcher is a genial, whole-souled man, having a host of warm
friends, and has enjoyed the respect and confidence of all with whom
he has been connected.

W. C. SCOFIELD.

W. C. Scofield was born near Wakefield, England, October 25, 1821,
and spent the earlier years of liis life in Leeds, where he was
employed on machine work until his twenty-first year, when he
determined to emigrate to the Western continent to seek his for-
tune. On reaching America he found his way westward until he

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 425

arrived at Chagrin river in Cuyahoga county, where he found emi)loy-
ruent with a JMr. Waite, at eiglit dollars a month, working one year at
this rate. The next two years were spent in the brick yard of A. W.
Duty. Following this, he was for two years turnkey under .-lierifl"
Beebe, and then established himself in a brick yard of his own on the
west side of the river. One Summer's work in this experiment gave
him a start in business life, and laid the foundation, small though it
was, of his after prosperity.

After his experiment in the brick making business, he undertook
the charge of the lard oil and saleratus works owned by Mr. C. A.
Dean. After three years, Messrs. Stanley, Wick & Camp bought tlie
establishmen; ; and shortly after this change, Mr. Scofield purchased
the interest of Mr. Wick, and after a few months Mr. Camp sold his
interest to the remaining partners, who carried on the business until
1857. At that time Mr. Scofield purchased the interest of his partners
and became sole owner of the whole concern and carried on business
in this way for the next five years.

In 1861, he added to his lard oil and saleratus business that of
refining oil, associating himself in this enterprise with Messrs. Halle
and Fawcett. Their refinery was built on the site of the City Forge
works, and the capacity of the works was limited to two eight barrel
stills. Subsequently this land was sold for other purposes and the
refinery was closed, after a very successful career. Previous to that
event the firm built an oil refinery on Oil Creek, with a capacity of
about forty barrels. This is still in operation under the firm name
of Lowry, Fawcett & Co., turning out about sixty barrels of refined oil
daily, and proving from its start a continual success. In 1S«J5, ]\Ir.
Scofield became interested in the oil reiining firm of Criicliley,
Fawcett & Co., in which he still retains his interest, and which is in
successful operation, with a yield of about one hundred barrels per
day. About the same time he became a partner in an oil coiumis-ion
business in New York, established under the name of liev.itt iV:
Scofield, which has also proved a success. He is also interested in
the Cleveland Chemical Works, being vice president of the company,
which is doing a heavy business. The extent and importance of the
works may be inferred from the fact, that the buildings necessitated
an outlay of a hundred and sixty thousand dollars.

In 1863, the firm of Alexander, Scofield cV: Co., was formed, and
commenced operation on the site of the present v/orks, at the
junction of the Atlantic vt Great Western Railway with Liberty street.
The works were commenced with a capacity of fifty barrels daily, and

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426 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

gradually enlarged, until the capacity now reaches six hundred
barrels daily.

During the whole of Mr. Scofield's business career, with the
extensive operations of the firms in which he is interested, there lias
been but one case of litigation. This is noteworthy, and speaks Avell
for the integrity and strict business habits of Mr. Scofield. He is
not given to jumping hastily at conclusions or embarking wildly in
business schemes. Before entering on an undertaking, he carefully,
though rapidly, studies the natural effect of the step and having
satisfied himself of its probable success, he prosecutes it with
unflagging energy. The course of events within the past few years
ofiered unusual opportunities for a clear headed and active business
man to advance himself, and Mr. Scofield had the forethought and
energy to take advantage of those opportunities. From first to last
he had to depend on his own energies, having been left an orphan at
sixteen years of age, and from the time of his reaching his mnjorily,
being compelled to push his way unaided, a stranger in a strange
land. The efforts of just such men have made Cleveland what it is
to-day.

LEVI HALDEIIAN.

Levi Haldeman is a representative of another class of our citizens
than refiners, who have taken advantage of the petroleum enterprise.
and are spending their money in building up the prosperity of the
city, turning its energies into channels that cannot fail to give an
impetus to all l)ranches of trade, and aid in establishing our financial
institutions on a basis of unrivalled strength, and who, at the same
time, reap their reward by putting money into their own pockets.

The subject of this sketch was born in Chester county, Pennsyl-
vania, Dec. 14, ISOO, received a good common school education, and
removed with his father to Columbiana county, Ohio, in ISIO. Until
he was about twenty-five years of age he spent his time with his
father on his farm, and in teaching school. He then commenced
reading medicine with Drs. Robertson and Cary of that place ; after

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 427

which ho attended lectures at Cincinnati, and was a private student
ol'Drs. Gross and Parker — the former being now Professor in Joller-
son College, Philadelphia, and the latter Professor in the College ot
Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Mr. Haldeman commenced
practice alone in 1S39, at Minerva, Ohio, although he had practiced
from 1S37 with his old preceptor. He soon obtained an excellent
practice in medicine, and was noted for his skill in surgery, perform-
ing nearly all the operations in that part of the country, among
them tractreotomy. or opening the windpipe and extracting foreign
matter from it, and difficult cases of lithotomy.

In 1860, Mr. Haldeman, in connection with Messrs. Hussey and
McBride, of Cleveland, bought the McElhenny Farm, in the Penn-
sylvania oil regions, which proved to be very valuable. For the
whole farm of two hundred acres the sum of twenty thousand
dollars was paid, subject to some leases, which were renewed to the
lessees. Mr. Funk leased a hundred and thirty acres of the farm,
subdivided it in into acre lots, and sub-let them to a number of oil
companies, representing an aggregate capital of millions of dollars.
Messrs. Bennet and Hatch, the sub-lessees of one sub-lot, struck the
largest producing well yet found in the oil region — the Empire, a
three thousand barrel well, which is estimated to have produced no
less than six hundred thousand barrels of oil ; and the whole farm is
estimated to have produced two millions of barrels. At the present
time the sub-leases have nearly all been forfeited, through breach of
covenant, and the farm has reverted to the owners, Messrs. Hu-sey
and Haldeman. It is not now worked, the wells having been flooded
by the unexpected influx of water, against which there had been no
provision made by the owners of the wells. It is expected to remedy
this misfortune by plugging the wells below the water veins, and
pumping, with the hope of thus restoring the value of the farm.

The next enterprise was the purchase of the A, Buchanan farnu of
three hundred acres, in connection with others, subject, also, to a
lease, but giving the owners of the farm a royalty of one-sixth of the
oil produced, free of cost, and retaining the use of the land for other
purposes. On this farm the town of Rouseville has been built since
the purchase. This has proved a very lucrative investment. The
first well struck on it in ls(;() is still producing. In company with
others, Mr. Haldeman also bou::ht the royalty of the Jolin Mr(';in-
tock farm for ten thousand dollars in gold, the Irishman owning it
thinking nothing but gold worth having, ]\[r. Haldeman sold his
thirty-second part of the same for a hundred thousand dollars;

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438 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

another partner sold liis for lorty-thoiisand dollars, the purchaser
subsequently re-selliuL:; it for one hundred thousand dollars. Besides
this, Air. Ilaldenian became lialf owner of tv.o hundred acres not yet
developed, and he and his sons own about four hundred acres, sup-
posed to be excellent oil land, lie has also invested about forty
thousand dollars in iron tanking, in the oil region, and has now tank-
age for four hundred thousand barrels, in connection with others,

Mr. Haldeman was married in 1840 to Miss Mary Ann Gaves, of
Columbiana county. The oldest and second sons, L. P. and W. P,
Haldeman, are engaged in business with their father, and by their
energy, foresight, and close attention to business, have aided materi-
ally in the later successes of the firm. Mr, Haldeman has, as is
evident from the record here given, won for himself considerable
wealth, but it has been secured only by the exercise of sound judg-
ment and intelligent enterprise, which deserves, though it does not
always achieve, success.

G. WESTLAKE

The firm of Westlake, Hutchins & Co., composed of G. Westlake,
H, A. Hutchins, C. H. Andrews and W, C. Andrews, stands high
among the oil refining establishments of Cleveland, not only for the
extent of their operations but for their fair dealing in business
matters. The firm commenced the erection of their works in
October, 1866, and in June of the succeeding year ])egan operations
with a capacity of two hundred barrels of crude oil per day. The
business improved, and the works had to be enlarged to keep pace
with it, until the present capacity of the works is seven hundred and
fifty barrels per day. In the enlargements, the latest improvements
in the appliances for the refining of oil have been put in. One still
now emjiloyed has a capacity of eleven hundred barrels, which is
charged twice a week, and was the first of the kind in the State.
Besides this are ten stills of thirty barrels each, one of two hundred
and fifty barrels, and one, recently completed, forty feet in diameter,
of the same pattern as the monster still just mentioned, and which is
calculated for two thousand barrels. The total capacity of the works,

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 420

includinir tin's still, is fourteen hundred and sixteen barrels of crude
per day, which will yiehl, if running; to full capacity, two liundrcd
and eighty-eight thousand barrels of refined oil in a year, or Ijetween
three and four millions of dollars in value at the stills. Connected
with the works are a twenty thousand barrel tank, a fifteen thousand
barrel tank, two of ten thousand barrels each, one of six thousand
barrels, and several from two thousand barrels down. When all its
improvements in progress are completed it will be one of the largest
refineries in Cleveland and in the United States, and with enterprise
corresponding to the size and importance of its works. A large
number of men are emplo3*ed, either at the works or in direct
connection with it by providing cooperage and other necessaries for
the business.

Mr. AVestlake, the senior member of the firm, was born in Chemung
county, New York, January 11, 1822, received a good education and
when a young man was employed as a clerk in a lumber business for
a couple of years. In ISIT, he went into the lumber trade on his
own account, remaining in that business until 1S66, when he removed
to Cleveland, and finding that the oil refining business held out
reasonable prospects of profit, he embarked in it, and by his energy of
character and enterprise has achieved flattering success, although
the time in which he has been engaged in the business is short.
He is still in the prime of life.

Mr. Westlake was married in 1S4S to Miss Hatch, of Elmira,
Chemung county, and has three children.

STEPHEN BUHRER.

Stephen Buhrer, the subject of this sketch, is of immediate German
descent. His father, a native of Baden, and his mother of Wirtein-
burg, emigrated to this country in the year 1S17. Their ac(iuaint-
ance was first formed on board of the emigrant ship on their passage
hither, and they were married soon after their arrival in this country.
After remaining in the State of Pennsylvania about two years, they
came to make their home in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, where, on the

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430 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

26th dcay of December, 1S25, their son, Steplien Buhrer. was born.
That region at that time (fifty years ago) was remarkably wild and
rough, and inhospitable, but since, by the thrifty German population,
by whom it was mainly inhabited, it has become scarcely inferior to
any other part of the State in agricultural wealth. But the father of
Stephen Buhrer was not destined to live to see this prosperity. He
died in the year 1S29, leaving his widow and two young children,
Stephen and Catharine, dependent on themselves to make their
way in the world.

From the severe discipline to which Mr. Buhrer was subjected in
early life, and from the difliculties which he had to overcome, he
acquired that energy and force of character which have given him suc-
cess and by which he has attained to a high rank as a self-made man.

Mr. Buhrer does not remember that he was privileged to attend
any school after he was ten years of age. All the education which
he subsequently acquired he obtained on Sundays and in evenings,
after his day's labor was over. He has been a citizen of Cleveland
since the year 1S44. His first business in this city was at his trade,
as cooper, and afterwards he became extensively engaged, and with
success, in the business of purifying and refining spirits.

In the Spring of the year 1S53, he was elected a member of the
City Council, and was twice thereafter re-elected to the same office,
the last time almost without opposition.

By the manner in which he discharged his duty as a member of
the City Council, public attention was directed toward him as a
suitable person for the responsible office of ]\[ayor of the city,
to which he was elected, at the April election, in the year 1867, by a
very large majority, although he did not belong to the dominant
political piirty. It is conceded by all that he has discharged the
duties of Mayor, with a zeal and a devotion to the interests of the
city which have had few examples. Turning aside, on his election,
from the business in which he was engaged, he has allowed the
affairs of the city to monopolize his attention. Placed by his
office at the head of the Board of City Improvements, and having in
charge public works of great magnitude, involving the expendirure
of vast sums of money, invested with the sole control and manage-
ment of the large police force of the city, and therefore made
responsible for its fidelity and etUciency, and exercising a super-
vision over all the departments of the city government, to promote
economy and to lessen taxation, Mayor Buhrer has found his office
to be no sinecure. Among the distinguishing traits of his official

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ITS REFRESENTATIFE MEN. 431

conduct has been his impartiality, his exemption from favoritism
and partizanship, when in conflict with the public interests, and
especially his well-known hostility to "cliques" and "rings," such
as resort to a city government as a rich placer, where they may work
to enrich themselves at the expense of the people. The rigid dis-
charge of duty which he has required of the police under his charge,
and the avoidance, at the same time, of everything like oppression,
or the exercise of undue severity in office, have received the public
approbation.

One of the most prominent institutions of Cleveland will be the
House of Correction, now in progress of construction, and which is
humanely intended to reform and reclaim, as well as to punish, the
vicious and the criminal. To Mr. Buhrer much credit will be
awarded for the active and leading part he has taken in the establish-
ment of such an institution.

At the expiration of his term of office, it was his wish to be
relieved from public care and to devote all of his time to his private
pursuits, and which, the more he expected to do, as no one of his
predecessors had ever been re-elected, or had entered again upon a
second term. But yielding to the solicitations of friends, he again
became a candidate, and at the April election, in 1869, was again
elected Mayor of the city of Cleveland, by nearly three thousand
majority. Such a demonstration by the people is a sufficient com-
mentary upon his character as a citizen, and upon the public
estimation of his official services.

M. B. CLARK.

M. B. Clark was born in Malmsbury, England, September 6, 1S27.
From early boyhood until he was nearly of age he was employed in
all the various occupations of an agricultural district. About this
time the United States, as a promising country for the working man,
was attracting considerable notice in his native village, and young
Clark, being favorably impressed with reports from America, secretly
resolved to husband his means and follow the example of those who
had recently gone.

<^ »- 'JM**«— — — • —

>ifl/:JiK .a J4

432 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

In the Spring of 1S47, he left home with but barely sufficient means
for the expenses ol" the journey. On the 17th of June in that year he
landed at Boston, aTnidst martial mubie and parade of military, cele-
brating the battle of Bunker's llill. This, however, was but poor
consolation to the English lad, who found himself penniless and
friendless. lie used every ellbrt to find employment without success,
and in the meantime was obliged to sleep wherever night overtook
him. At last he obtained work on a farm, in the little town of Dover,
Massachusetts, at ten dollars per month. He remained in this situa-
tion until October, when, with the regrets of his employer he left for
the West.

On arriving in Ohio, he first obtained employment at chopping
wood and teaming, in Lorain county. In the following Spring he
returned to Cleveland and obtained a situation as helper in a hard-
ware store. Here it became apparent to him that he was sadly
deficient in an educational point of view, and that it offered an almost
insuperable barrier to his advancement in life. To remedy this, so
far as possible, he devoted all his leisure hours to study, and on the
establishment of the evening schools the following winter, he availed
himself of them, and the advantage soon became apparent.

With a view to the improvement of his circumstances, in 1S51, he
engaged himself to Hussey Sc Sinclair, with whom he remained six
years, when he returned to his former employers, Otis & Co., and
remained with them three years longer.

In 1859, he established himself in the commission business, associ-
ating with him John D. Rockefeller, the firm name being Clark &>
Rockefeller; both young men of limited means. By strict attention
and honorable conduct they soon built up a lucrative business. In
1860, G. W. Gardner became a member of the firm, and continued as
such for two years, when he retired.

In 1863, Mr. Clark's attention was attracted to the manufacture of
petroleum oils, a business then in its infancy. In connection with
his partners, he erected a factory on the Newburg road, the capacity
of which was about fifty-six barrels^of crude oil per day. They soon
discovered that there was money in the enterprise, and before the
end of the year they had increased the capacity of their works four-
fold; and the enterprise of this firm has aided materially in making
Cleveland what it is to-day, the successful rival of Bittsburgh in the
manufacture of petroleum oils. In 1SG5, the manufacturing branch
was purchased by his partner, and the general commission business
was continued by Mr. Clark until 1866, when he sold out his interest,

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4^.*^

remaining nominary out of tlie Lusiness until June of that year, wlion
he wearied of idleness and sought active business once more. Pur-
chasing tlie controlling interest in another refinery, he set to work,
vigorously, enlarging the capacity of the works and bringing capital
and energy to bear with such effect upon the business of tlie lirni,
that it now ranks among the leading oil refining establislinient< of
the country.

Mr. Clark has been no niggard with the wealth that has accrued
to him from his business. During the w'ar he contributed liberally
and was active in aiding the cause of the government by giving every
practical measure his cordial and generous suj^port. In other matters
he has manifested a like liberal spirit. In politics he has acted with
the Republicans, and has been active in furthering the success of that
party. In 1SC6, he was elected member of the city council from the
fourth ward, and was re-elected in ISOS. In religious matters he has
always connected himself with the Wesleyan Methodists, and has
been a leading supporter of that congregation in Cleveland.

Still in the vigor of life, Mr. Clark has the opportunity of doing
much more for the prosperity of the city by increasing the manufac-
turing business, and this his practical nature leads him to do.

It will be seen that Mr. Clark has been the architect of his own
fortune. His sympathies are with the industrial classes, from which
he sprang, and in return he has the confidence and good will of a
large portion of that class.

Mr. Clark was married in 1853, and has a family of five children.

JACOB LOWMAN

Jacob Lowrnan was born in Washington county, Maryland, Sept.
22, 1810. He worked with his father on the farm until he was
eighteen, at which time lie became an apprentice to the smithing
department of the carriage building trade. At the expiration of his
apprenticeship, in 1S32, he came to Ohio. He stopped in Stark
county for a few months, and then came to Cleveland, in search of
work, which he readily obtained, with Elisha Peet, on Seneca street,
where Frankfort street now intersects it. He worked about a year

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434 CLEJ'EI AM), PAST AND PRESENT:

and a lialf, for wliicli lie roct-ived nine dollars per month and board.
Being of steady habils, lie saved in that time about seventy-five
dollars. Mr. Lovrman then ijotiirht out his employer, and commenced
at once on his own account, at flie same place. After two years, he
built a shop where the Tiioatre Cotnic[ue now stands, and remained
there eight years. At first he labored alone, after awhile he had one
journeyman, soon adding still another, and another, till, at the end of
the eight years, he employed about fifteen men. He then removed
to Vineyard street, having built shops there to accommodate his
incrensing business. This was about the year 1S42--8. After moving
to the new buildings, liis business constantly grew with the cit}', and
more men were employed. In 1S51, ]Mr. Lowman commenced the
erection of a still larger building to meet his increasing demands; he
was then employing from thirty-five to fortj' men. About this time
too, he associated witli him Mr. Wm. M. AVarden, who had then
been in his employ for about ten years. Their facilities were
sufficient till about the time of the war, when they erected a large
brick building on Champlain street, now occupied as a smith shop,
trimming shop, store room, etc., since wdiich they have employed
about sixty men. Mr. Lowman. for a number of years, did little
beside a local trade, but for the last live or six years he has built up
quite a large foreign trade, shipping West extensively — Wisconsin,
Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Nebraska, Indiana and Kentucky, being the
principal markets.

Mr. Lowman has been strictly temperate all his life. He has
taken a lively interest in the Sunday schools of the city, in connec-
tion with the ^lethodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been a
member nearly since he came to the city.

He was married in 1S41 to Miss Minerva E. Peet, by wliom he had
four children, three of whom are now living — the oldest son being
in business with his father. He suffered the loss of his partner in
life in ISoT. He married again in lst)3, to ]Mrs. Sarah D. Goodwin, of
Lorain county, Ohio, formerly of Vermont.

He attributes his success in business to the fact that he had an
object in view, and endeavored to attain it, strict attention to
business, economy, and studying to give satisfaction by his work.

He is only fifty-eight years of aire, and well preserved, and in all
human probai)i!ity will live to enjoy the fruit of his labor for many
years to come.

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ITS REPRESENTATIt'E MEN. 435

W. G. WILSON.

W. G. Wilson, now president of the Wilson Sewing Machine
Company ol' Cleveland, was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania,
on the first of April, 1S41. His education was obtained at a village
school house. When he was in his thirteenth year his parents re-
moved to Ohio, and the lad remained with them nntil his eighteenth
year, when he left home with a somewhat indefinite idea of doing
something for himself, although possessing neither money nor friend^
to aid him in his start in life. Until the year 1S64, he wandered from
place to place, turning his hand to various employments, but was
dissatisfied with them all, being convinced that he had not yet found
his right vocation or location.

In 1864, he was visiting some friends at Madison county, Ohio,
when his attention was attracted by a cheap sewing machine.
Believing that money could be made by the sale of such machines
he purchased one, mastered its mode of operation, and took a travel-
ing agency. Finding this a more profitable business than any he had
yet undertaken, he prosecuted it with vigor, and being of an inquiring
mind, soon picked up important facts concerning the business, the
manufacture of the machines, and the profits of the manufacturers
and dealers. He discovered that the largest profits were not made
by those who retailed the machines, and, therefore, he set to work to
change his position in the l)usiness and so enlarge his profits.

In Fremont, Ohio, he formed the acquaintance of a young man in
the grocery business, who had thought at times of entering on the
sewing machine trade. A partnership was formed. Mr. Wilson
contributed his whole available means, sixty-five dollars, to which he
added the experience he had gained, whilst his partner contributed
to the common stock three hundred dollars. With this slender casli
capital, but abundant confidence in their success, the new firm came
to Cleveland, which they selected as the base of their operations on
account of its superior shipping facilities, and opened a wareroom in
Lyman's Block, having previously made arrangements with manufac-
turers in Massachusetts to make machines for them. The new lirm of
Mather & Wilson were successful beyond their expectations.

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43G CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

About a year had been passed in tliis way when suits were brou,2:ht
against Mather vfc Wilson, in common with a number of other parties
throughout the AVest, lor an alleged inlVingcment of a sewing machine
patent. Under the pressure of tliese suits, wdiich were prosecuted
with a large capital to back up the litigating parties, Mr. Wilson
endeavored to secure the cooperation of the more powerful of the
defendants, but without success, each party preferring to fight the
battle singly. After a hard fight in the courts, a compromise was
effected, the suit against Matlier tt Wilson withdrawn on each party
paying his own costs, and they were allowed to carry on the business
unmolested.

Shortly afrerwards .Mr. Wilson sold out his interest in the firm. A
few weeks subsequently he made an agreement with H. F. Wilson,
whereby the latter was to perfect and patent a low priced shuttle
machine, and assign the patent to the former. In two months the
machine was in the patent office, and in 1867 the manufacture was
commenced in Clevelajid. Xo money or labor was spared in per-
fecting the niachine, which achieved an instant success and became
exceedingly profitable.

In 1S6S, the Wilson Sewing Machine Company was organized with
a paid up capital of one hundred thousand dollars, the principal
portion of their stock being owned by Mr. Wilson, who is president
of the company. The business of the concern has grown until it now
reaches five hundred machines per w^eek, and branch houses have
been established in Boston and St. Louis, with general airencies in
the principal cities of the United States. Through the rapid develop-
ment of their business the company have recently purchased a tract
of land at the junction of Piatt street and the Pittsburgh railroad
crossing, in Cleveland, for the purpose of erecting a large building
for the manufacture of their sewing machines, that will g\\e employ-
ment to between two and three hundred men.

The Wilson Sewing Mnchine Company is one of the latest estab-
lished manufactories in Cleveland, but promises to take rank among
the most important. It deserves especial mention among the record
of Cleveland enterprises, as producing the first local sewing machine
that has succeeded, although many attempts have been made.

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ITS REl'RESENTAriVE MEX. i:',:

ALBERT C. MCNAIRY.

This department of the present work would be imperfect without a
reference to the firm of McNairy, Claflen ^ Co., wliich ranks among
the heaviest and most important contracting lirms in the country.

Albert C. McNairv, the head of the firm and a man of great
enterprise and energy of character, was born June 14, 1S15, at
Middlctown, Connecticut, and was early engaged in work of a similar
character to that now undertaken by the firm. In 1S4S, he con-
structed the famous Holyoke Dam, across the Connecticut river at
Holyoke, which is over a thousand feet between the abutments, and
thirty feet in height. In 1S51, he became a member of the bridge
building firm of Thatcher, Burt & Co., of Cleveland, whose operations
in the construction of bridges were very extensive. In 1S64, the firm
name became McXairy, Clatlen & Co., by the admission of Henry M.
Claflen, who had been in the employ of the firm since 1S54. In 1S6G,
Mr. Thatcher and Mr. Burt retired and Harvey T. Claflen, (who had
been connected with the establishment since 1S52,) and Simeon
Sheldon were admitted.

From 1S51 to a recent date, the Howe Truss Bridge was nearly the
only bridge made by the concern. They now are largely engaged in
the construction of iron bridges and all kinds of railway cars. The
concern has built three thousand two hundred and eighty-one bridges
—about sixty miles in the aggregate. The streams of nearly every
State east of the Rocky ^fountains are spanned by their bridges, and
it is a historical fact that not one bridge of their construction has
fallen.

Three hundred and fifty nien are employed by the firm, and the
ao-frreirate of their business reaches two millions of dollars yearly.

The firm is now constructing the New York and Oswego Midland
Railroad, from Oneida to Oswego, a distance of sixty-five miles, and
furnishing the cars.

The o-eneral management of the aifairs of the company is in the
hands of Messrs. McNairy and Uenry 31. Claflen. The management of

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438

'^^^^1 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

the works is assigned to Harvey T. Clallen, whilst the engineering
department falls to the particular superintendence ol" Mr. Sheldon.
The Messrs. Claflen are natives of Taunton, Massachusetts, and Mr.
Sheldon of Lockport, New York

J. H. MORLEY.

J. H. Morley is a native of Cayuga county, New York. He came
to Cleveland in 1S4T, and commenced the hardware business on
Superior street, under the firm name of Morley & Reynolds. This
firm continued, successfully, for about twelve years, after which, for
some time, Mr. Morley was engaged in no active business. In ISOo, he
commenced the manufacture of white lead, on a limited scale. Three
years subsequently, a partnership was formed with T. S. Beckwith,
when the capacity of the works was immediately enlarged. Every
year since that time they have added to their facilities. Their fac-
tory has a frontage on Canal and Champlain streets, of over three
hundred feet. Their machinery is driven by a hundred horse-power
engine, and four hundred corroding pots are run. About one thou-
sand tons of lead are manufactured yearly, and find a ready market
in Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa and New York.

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Telegraphy.

^"fe^^HE telegraphic history of Cleveland is mainly written in the story of
^4jy*i'-S the connection with this city of the two leading telegraphers whose
^Ji* f^ biographical sketches are given in this work. The master spirit ot tne

great telegraphic combination of the United States, and tlie chief executive offi-
cer of that combination, have made Cleveland their home and headquarters.
Their story, as told in tlie immediately succeeding pages, is therefore the
telegraphic history of Cleveland.

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413 Cl.Ei'liLAiWD, PAST AND PRESENT:

JEPTHA H. WADE

Foremost on the roll of those who have won a distinguished posi-
tion in the telegrapliic history of the West, is the name of Jeptha H.
Wado, until recently president of the Western Union Telegraph
Company, and who still, although compelled by failing health to
resign the supreme executive control, remains on the Board of direc-
tion, and is one of the leading spirits in the management.

Mr. Wade was born in Seneca county, New York, August 11, ISll,
and was brought up to mechanical pursuit?, in which he achieved a
fair amount of success. Having a taste for art, and finding his health
impaired by the labors and close application consequent on his
mechanical employment, he, in 1S35, turned his attention to portrait
painting, and by arduous study and conscientious devotion to the art,
became very successful. Whilst engaged in this work, the use of the
camera in producing portraits came into notice. Mr. Wade pur-
chased a camera, and carefully studied the printed directions accom-
panying the instrument. These were vague, and served but as hints
for a more careful investigation and more thorough development of
the powers of the camera. By repeated experiments and intelligent
reasoning from effects back to causes, and from causes again to
effects, he at length became master of the subject, and succeeded in
taking the first daguerreotype west of New York.

When busy with his pencil and easel taking portraits, and varying
his occupation by experimenting with the camera, news came to him
of the excitement created by the success of the telegraphic experi-
ment of building a line between Baltimore and Washington. This
was in 1S14. ]Mr. Wade turned his attention to the new science,
studied it with his accustomed patience and assiduity, mastered its
details, so far as then understood, and immediately saw the advan-
tage to the country, and the pecuniary benelit to those immediately
interested, likely to accrue from the extension of the telegraph
system which had just been created. Without alKiudoning his devo-
tion to art, he entered on the work of extending the telegrai)h
system. The first line west of Buffalo was built Ity him, between
Detroit and Jackson, Michigan, and the Jackson office was opened

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ITS REFRliSENTATJl E MEX. 443

and operated by him, although he had received no practical instruc-
tion in the nianipuhition of the instruments. In the year ISl'^, an
incident occurred, which, though at the time he bitterly deplored it
as a calamity, was, in fact, a blessing in disguise, and compelled him
perforce to emljark on the tide which bore him on to fame and for-
tune. He was an oijerator in the line of the Erie and Michigan
Telegraph Company, at Milan, Ohio, when a couilagration destroyed
all the materials and implements forming his stock in trade as a por-
trait painter. After a brief consideration of the subject, he decided
not to replace the lost implements of his art, but to cut loose alto-
gether from the career of an artist, and hereafter to devote himself
solely to the business he had entered upon with fair promise
of success.

The first years of telegraph construction were years of much vex-
ation of spirit to those engaged in such enterprises. Difficulties of
all kinds, financial, mechanical, and otherwise, had to be encoun-
tered and overcome. There were those who objected to the wires
crossing their land or coming in i)roximity to their premises, fearing
damage from the electric current in storms. Those who had invested
their capital wanted immediate large returns. Some of those who
had to be employed in the construction of the lines were ignorant of
the principles of electrical science, and their ignorance caused
serious embarrassments and delays. Defective insulation was a
standing cause of trouble, and telegraphers were studying and experi-
menting how to overcome the difficulties in this direction, but
without satisfactory result. In the face of all these difficulties, Mr.
Wade proceeded with the work of extending and operating telegraph
lines. In addition to the interest he had secured in the Erie and
Michigan line, he constructed the "'Wade line'- between Cleveland
via Cincinnati, to St. Louis, and worked it with success. The " House
consolidation "" placed Mr. Wade's interest in the lines mentioned in
the hands of the Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company,
and before long this consolidation was followed by the union of all
the House and Morse lines in the West, and the organization of the
Western Union Telegraph Company. In all these acts of consolida-
tion the influence of Mr. Wade was active and powerful. Realizing
the fact that competition between short detached lines rendered them
unproductive, and that in telegraphing, as in other things, union is
strength, he directed his energies to bringing about the consolida-
tion, not only of the lines connecting with each other, but of rival
interests. The soundness of his views has been proved by the

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444 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

unreraunerativeness of the lines before consolidation and their
remarkable prosperitj'- since.

Mr. Wade was one of the principal originators of the first Pacific
telegraph, and on the formation of the company he was made its
first president. The location of the line, and its construction through
the immense territory— then in great part a vast solitude— between
Chicago and San Francisco, were left mainly to his unaided judg-
ment and energy, and here again those qualities converted a haz-
ardous experiment into a brilliant success. Mr. Wade remained
president of the Pacific Company until he secured its consolidation
with the Western Union Telegraph Company, to accomplish which,
he went to California, in the latter part of 1S60, and succeeded in
harmonizing the jarring telegraphic interests there. On the com-
pletion of this consolidation, Mr. Wade was made president of the
Western Union Telegraph Company, his headquarters being in
Cleveland.

At a meeting of the Board of Directors, in July, 1867, a letter was
received from Mr. Wade, declining a re-election to the office of pres-
ident. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted by the
Board :

Resolved, That in receiving the letter of J. H. Wade, Esq., declining re election to
the presidency of this company, we cannot pass it to the otEcial files without recording
our testimony to the distinguislied 8er\ice he has rendered to the general system ol"
American Telegraphs, and especially to the company whose manlgement 'he now

resisrns.

Connecting himself with it in its earliest introduction to public use, and interesting
himself in its construction, he was the first to see that the ultimate triumph of the
telegraph, both as a grand system of public utility, and of secure investment, would
be by 8ome absorbing process, which would prevent the embarrassments of separate
organizations.

To the foresight, perseverance and tact of Mr. Wade, we believe is largely due tlie
fact of the existence of one great company to-day with its thousand arms, graspinir the
extremities of the continent, instead of a series of weak, unrelial>le lines, unsuited to
public wants, and, as property, precarious and insecure.

^ Resolved, That we tender to Mr. Wade our congratulations on the gre.'t fruition of
his work, signalized and cemented by this days election of a Board representing the now
united leading telegraph interests of the nation, accompanied with regn-ts that he is
not with us to receive our personal acknowledgements, and to join us in the election of
a successor to the position he has so usefully filled.

Office of the Western Union Telegraph Company, New York, July 10th, 18G7.

,. ,T T^ r. WiLLlA.M ()KTox, President.

O. H. Palmek, Secretary.

As before mentioned, Mr. Wade remains a director and leading
spirit in the Board, where his suggestions are listened to with respect

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 445

and acted on without unnecessary delay. In addition to liis connec-
tion with the toleicraph Company, Mr. Wade is heavily interested in
several of the most important manufactories, in the railroads, and in
the leadinti: Ijanks of Cleveland. The wealth he has accumuhiled is
mostly invested in such a manner as to largely aid in building up the
property of Cleveland, a city in which he feels a strong interest, not
only from tlie fact that it has been for the past twenty years his place
of residence, but that the wealth enabling him to enjoy the beautiful
home he has secured there, was made in Cleveland.

It has already been noted that Mr. Wade, when a painter, took the
first daguerreotype west of New York. Soon after his entering upon
the business of telegraphy, he put into practice, for the first time,
the plan of enclosing a submarine cable in iron armor. It was
applied to the cable across the Mississippi, at St. Louis, in 1850.
Weights had been applied to the previous cables, at regular distances,
on account of the sand, change of bottom, drifts, and other difficulties
that interfered with the safety of the cable. Mr. Wade conceived
the idea of combining weight and protection in the cable itself. lie
constructed it with eighteen pieces of wire, placed lengthwise around
the cable, and bound together with soft iron wire at intervals. While
the spiral cordage of hemp, such as was used at that time on the
cable from Dover to Calais, would stretch, and allow the strain to
come on the cable itself. This invention caused the strain to come
on the armor. It was a complete success, and lasted until the line
was abandoned. Mr, Wade also invented, in 18.52, what is now
known as the Wade insulator, which has been used more extensively,
perhaps, than any other.

Among the strong points in Mr. Wade's character, is his readiness
and ability to adapt himself to whatever he undertakes to do. The
evidence of his common sense, business foresight and indomitalde
perseverance, has been proved by the success attending the various
pursuits in which circumstances have placed him. Finding, in eany
manhood, his mechanical labor undermining his health, he turned his
attention to portrait and miniature painting, to which he applied him-
self so close that after a dozen years or mo-re at the easel, he was
compelled to abandon it and seek more active and less sedentary
pursuits. Having so long applied himself to painting— the business
of all others the most calculated to disqualify a man for everything
else — but few men would have had the courage to enter so diilcrent
a field, but Mr. Wade seemed equal to the task, and with appropriate
courage and renewed energy grappled with the difficulties and mys-

all .'li.'^li eldfrj ^siU ill aofj .'Ojo-Rr f>jic ^ . 'to csbr dif.t

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^ -■■■ ,/;rti^,;i odj '-^ ■■

446 CLEVELAXl), PAST AND PRESENT:

teries of the telegra])Ii Imsinoss, tJien entirely new, having no books
or rules to refer to, and without the experience of others to guide
him, and having, as it were, to climb a ladder, every round of which
had to be invented as lie progressed. But nothing daunted him.
Through perseverance and system he. succeeded, not only in supply-
ing the United States in the most rapid manner with better and
cheaper telegraphic facilities than has been aflbrded an}* other coun-
try on the globe, but in making for himself the ample fortune to
which his ability and energy so justly entitle him. And when care
and over-work in the telegra])h business had made such an impres-
sion UTJon his health as to induce hira to retire from its management,
and give more attention to his private atfiiirs, he was again found
ec[ual to the emergency, and has proved himself ecjually successful
as a financier and business man generally, as he had before shown
himself in organizing and building up the telegraph speciality.

ANSON STAGER

One of the most widely known names in connection with
telegraphy in the West — and not in the West alone, but probably
throughout the United States — is that of Gener^il Anson Stager.
From the organization of the Western Union Telegraph Company,
General Stager has had the executive management of its lines as
general superintendent, and the position has not only brought him
into close relations with all connected in any way with the telegraph,
but has given him a larger circle of business acquaintances than it
falls to the lot of most men to possess. The natural effect of his
position and the extraordinary course of events during his occupation
of that position, have brought him into communication, and frequently
into intimate confidential relations, with the leading men in com-
merce, in science, in journalism, in military affairs, and in State and
national governments.

Anson Stager was born in Ontario county. New York, April 20,
1825. At the age of sixteen he entered a printing olKce under the
instruction of Henry O'Rielly, well known afterwards as a leader in

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 447

telegrapli construction and management. For four or five years lie
continued his connection witli tlie "art preservative of all arts," and
the knowledge of and sympathy with journalism Avhich he accjuired
through his connection ^vith it during this period of his life, enabled
him during his subsequent telegraphic career to deal understandingly
with the press in the peculiar relations it holds with the telegrardi,
and has occasioned many acts of courtesy and good will which the
managers of the press have not been backward in recognizing and
acknowledging.

In October, 1S46, General Stager changed his location from the
compositor's case to the telegraph operator's desk, commencing work
as an operator in Philadelphia. With the extension of the lines
westward, he removed to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and then crossed
the Alleghenies to Pittsburgh, where he was the pioneer operator.
His ability and intelligence w^ere speedily recognized by those having
charge of the new enterprise, and in the Spring of 1S4S, he was made
chief operator of the " National lines" at Cincinnati, a post he filled
so well that, in 1S52, he was appointed superintendent of the
Mississippi Galley Printing Telegraph Company. Immediately
following his appointment to that position the company with which
he was connected absorbed the lines of the New York State Printing
Telegraph Company, and General Stager's control was thus extended
over that State.

Whilst holding the position of executive manager of the lines of
this company, the negotiations for the consolidation of the competing
and affiliated lines into one company vrere set on foot. General
Stager warmly favored such a consolidation on equitable terms and
set to work vigorously to promote it. On its consummation, and the
organization of the Western Union Telegraph Company his services
in that respect and his general fi.tness as a telegraph manager, were
recognized by his appointment as general superintendent of the
consolidated company. The position was, even then, one of great
responsibility and difficulty, the vast net work of lines extending like
a spiders web over the face of the country requiring a clear head,
and practical knowledge to keep it free from confusion and embarras-
ment, whilst the delicate and complicated relations in which the
telegraph stood with regard to the railroads and the press increased
the difficulties of the position. The rai^id extension of the wires
increased the responsibilities and multiplied the difficulties yearly.
but the right man was in the right position, and everything worked
smoothly.

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448 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

The extensive and elaborate system of railroad telegraphs which is
in use on all the railroads of the West and Northwest owes its exis-
tence to General Stager. The telegraphs and railroads have interests
in common, and yet diverse, and the problem to be solved was, how
to secure to the telegraph company the general revenue business of
the railroad wires, and at the same time to enable the railroad
companies to use the wires for their own especial purposes, such as
the transmission of their own business correspondence, the moving
of trains, and the comparison and adjustment of accounts between
stations. How to do this without confusion and injustice to one or
the other interest was the difficult c[uestion to be answered, and it
was satisfactorily met by the scheme adopted by General Stager.
That scheme, by the admirable simplicity, complete adaptabilit}' and
perfection of detail of its system of contracts and plan of operating
railroad telegraph lines, enabled the diverse, and seemingly jarring,
interests to work together in harmony. Telegraph facilities are
alwaj'^s at the disposal of the railroads in emergency, and have
repeatedly given vital aid, whilst the railroad interests have been
equally prompt and active in assisting the telegraph when occasion
arises.

The relations between the journalistic interests of the country and
the telegraph, through the various press associations for the gathering
and transmission of news by telegraph, have also given occasion for
the exercise of judgment and executive ability. The various and
frequently clashing interests of the general and special press associa-
tions and of individual newspaper enterprise, and the necessity, for
economical purposes, of combining in many instances the business of
news gathering with news transmission, make the relations between
the press and telegraph of peculiar difficulty and delicacy, and
probably occasioned not the smallest portion of General Stager's
business anxieties. It is safe to say, that in all the embarrassing
questions that have arisen, and in all the controversies that have
unavoidably occurred at intervals, no complaint has ever been made
against General Stager's ability, fairness, or courtesy to the press.

Whilst the ^yestern Union Telegraph Company has been develop-
ing from its one wire between Buffalo and Louisville into its present
giant proportions. General Stager has had a busy life. His planning
mind and watchful eye were needed everywhere, and were every-
where present. Tlie amount of travel and discomfort this entailed
during the building of the earlier lines may be imagined by those
who know what a large extent of country is covered by these lines,

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. -M'.*

and what the traveling facilities were in the West before tiie intro-
duction of the modern improvements in railway traveling, and hofore
railroads themselves had reached a large portion of the country to ho
traveled over.

With the breaking out of the rebellion, a new era in General
Stager's life commenced. With the firing of the lirst rebel gnu on
Fort Sumptcr, and the resultant demand for troops to defend the
nation's life, the Governors of Ohio, Illinois and Indiana united in
taking possession of the telegraph lines in those States for military
purposes, and the superintendent of the Western Union Teiegrapli
Company was appointed to represent these in their oflicial capacity.
General Stager acted with promptness and vigor, and no small share
of the credit accorded to those States for the promptness with which
their troops were in the field and striking effective blows for the
Union, is due to General Stager for the ability with which he made
the telegraph cooperate with the authorities in directing the military
movements. When General McClellan took command of the Union
forces in West Virginia and commenced the campaign that drove the
rebels east of the mountains, General Stager accompanied him as
chief of the telegraph staff, and established the first system of field
telegraph used during the war. The wire followed the army head-
quarters wherever that went, and the enemy were confounded by the
constant and instant communications kept up between the Union
army in the field and the Union government at home. When General
McClellan was summoned to Washington to take command of the
Army of the Potomac, General Stager was called by him to organize
the military telegraph of that department. This he accomplished,
and remained in charge of it until November, 1S02, when he was
commissioned captain and assistant quartermaster, and by order of
the Secretary of war, appointed chief of the United States Military
Telegraphs throughout the United Slates — a control that covered all
the main lines in the country. He was subsequently commissioned
colonel and aid-de-damp, and assigned to duty in the War Depart-
ment, and was also placed in charge of the cypher correspondence of
the Secretary of War. The cryptograph used throughout the war was
perfected by him, and baflled all attempts of the enemy to translate
it. At the close of the war he left the active military service of the
government, retiring with the brevet of Brigadier General, conferred
for valuable and meritorious services.

At the close of the war the Southwestern and American Telegraph
Companies were consolidated with the Western Union Telegraph

2»

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^bO -¥d^/ CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Company, and are-organization of the latter company effected. The
general siiperintendency of the consolidated company was urged
upon General Stager, but as this would necessitate his removal to
New York, he declined it, preferring to live in the west. For a time
he meditated retiring altogether from the telegraph business and
embarking in newspaper life, for which his early training had given
him a taste, and towards which he always maintained an atfection.
Eventually the company persuaded him to remain in connection with
them, and to suit his wishes, the field of the company's operations was
divided into three divisions, the Central, Eastern and Southern.
General Stager assumed control of the Central, which covered the
field vv'ith which he had so long been identified, and which left him
with his headquarters in the home he had for years occupied, in
Cleveland. Early in 1S69, the duties of his position rendered it
necessary that he should remove to Chicago, which Jie did with great
reluctance, his relations with Cleveland business, and its people,
being close and uniformly cordial.

General Stager is a man with a host of friends and without, we
believe, one enemy. His position was such as to bring him into
contact with every kind of interest, and frequently, of necessity, into
conflict with one or other, but his position was always maintained
with such courtesy, as well as firmness, that no ill feeling resulted
from the controversy, however it terminated.

Socially he is one of the most genial of companions ; in character
the personification of uprightness and honor ; firm in his friendships
and incapable of malice tow\ard any one. Well situated financially,
happy in his domestic circle, of wide popularity, and possessing the
esteem of those who know him best. General Stager is one of those
whose lot is enviable, and who has made his position thus envialde
by his own force of character and geniality of disposition.

*^

City IniproA^eineiits.

. yii^c/LEVELAND covers a large extent of territory. The width of its streets
"^i and the unusual amount of frontage possessed by most of the dwellings,
""""^ made the work of city improvements in the way of paving, sewerage
and water supply, at first very slow of execution. The light gravelly soil, on
which the greater portion of the city is built, enabled these works to be p-ost-
poned, until the increased number and compactness of the population, and excess
of -wealth, would render the expense less burdensome.

The first attempts at paving were made on Superior street, below the Square,
and on Eiver street. The paving was of heavy planks laid across the street,
and was at the time a source of pride to the citizens; but when, in coming
years, the planks were warped and loosened, it became an intolerable nuisance.
On River street the floods of the Cuyahoga sometimes rushed through the ware-
houses and covered the street, floating off the planks and leaving them in
hopeless disorder on the subsidence of the waters. It was at last determined to
pave these streets with stone. Limestone was at first chosen, but found not to
answer, and Medina sandstone was finally adopted, with which all the stone
paving of the streets has been since done. Within two or three years the
^iicholson wood pavement has been introduced, and has been laid extensively on
the streets above the bluff. On the low land along the river valley the paving
Btill continues to be of stone. At the present time there are between seventeen
and eighteen miles of pavement finished or under construction, about half of
which is 2sicholson wood pavement, and the remainder Medina sandstone.

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454 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

Witliin a few years tlie work of sewering the city lias been systematized and
piislied forward vigorously. At first, the sewers were made to stut the needs of
a particular locality, without any reference to a general system, and consequently
were found utterly inade(iuate to the growing necessities of the city. Proper
legislation was obtained from the (ieneral Assembly, money was obtained on the
credit of the city, the territory was mapped out into sewer districts, with sewer
lines for each district, so arranged as to form a part of one harmonious whole,
and the work commenced. All the main sewers drain into the lake. There are
now about twenty-seven miles of main and brunch sewers finished, and additional
sewers are in progress of construction.

The rapid growth of the city, and the gradual failure, or deterioration, of the
wells, in tlie most thickly settled parts, rendered it necessary to find some, other
source of a constant supply of pure water. It was determined to obtain the
supply from Lake Erie, and for this purpose an inlet pipe was run out into the
lake, west of the Old River Bed. The pipe is of boiler plate, three-eighths of
an inch tljick, fifty inches in diameter, and three hundred feet long, extending
from the shore to the source of supply at twelve feet depth of water, and ter-
minating in the lake at a circular tower, constructed of piles driven down as
deep as they can be forced into the bottom of the lake. There are two concen-
tric rows of piles, two abreast, leaving eight feet space between the outer and
interior rows, which space is filled with broken stones to the top of the piles.
The piles ai-e then capped with strong timber plates, securely bolted together
and fastened with iron to the piles. The outside diameter of the tower is thirty-
four feet, the inside diameter is eight feet, forming a strong protection around
an iron well-chamber, which is eight feet in diameter and fifteen feet deep, which
is riveted to the end of the inlet pipe. An iron grating fixed in a frame which
slides in a groove, to be removed and cleaned at pleasure, is attached to the
weli-chamber, and forms the strainer, placed four feet below the surface of the
lake, through which the water passes into the well-chamber and out at the
inlet pipe. A brick aqueduct connects the shore end of the inlet pipe with the
engine house, three thousand feet distant. From the engine house the water is
conveyed to the reservoir, on Franklin, Kentucky and Duane streets, built on a
ridge thirty feet higher than any other ground in the city.

The Cleveland Water Works were commenced on the 10th day of August,
1854, and were so far completed as to let water on the city on the 19th day of
September, I806. The time required to build the Works was two years and
thirty-nine days. The capacity of these Works to deliver water is greater than
the originally estimated wants of the popitlation the works were intended to sup-

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ITS REPRESENTATIl'E MEN. . 4:)5

ply, which was for 100,000. Thoy are, however, capable of Bupplying at least
200,000 inlialjitants with abundance of water. By an enlargement of the main
pump barrel and plunger to each Cornieh engine, which was contemplated in
the plans, the supjdy may be increased to an almost unlimited extent. No fear
can be entertained that the present Water Works in the next fifty years will
fail to yield a superabundant supply of water.

The water was first introduced into the city temporarily at the earnest solici-
tation of the Mayor, Common Council, and Trustees of Water Works, in which
the citizens generally participated, on the occasion of the State Fair, on the 24th
of September, 1856. Apart from the Fair, this event was hailed with demon-
strations of great joy as the celebration of the introduction of the waters of
Lake Erie into the city of Cleveland. At the intersection of the road ways,
crossing at the centre of the Public Square, a capacious fountain, of chaste and
beautiful design was erected, from which was thrown a jet of pure /jrystal
water high into the air, which, as the centre, greatest attraction, gratified thou-
sands of admiring spectators. It became necessary after the Fair to shut off the
water as was' anticipated, to remove a few pipes near the Ship Channel which had
broke in two by the unequal settling of the pipes in the quicksand bed through
which they were laid. These repairs were promptly made, and the water let
on the city again ; since which time the supply has been regular and uninter-
. rapted. The length of pipes laid up to the first of January, 1869, aggregated
thirty-nine and one-half miles. The total cost of the Works to that period was
$723,273.33. The earnings, over running expenses, for 1868, were $36,340.23, beino*
a little over five jier cent, on the capital invested. The preliminary work is now
doing for the construction of a tunnel under the bed of the lake, in order to
obtain a water supply at such a distance from the shore as to be beyond the
reach of the winter ice-field and the impurities collected beneath the ice-crust.

Three commodious and tasteful markets have been erected within a few yuars,
one on the west side of the river, one in the fifth ward, and the Central Mar-
ket, at the junction of Woodland avenue and Broadway.

Four horse railroads are in active operation within the city : the East Cleve-
land, organized in 1859. and running from the junction of Superior and Water
streets, by the way of Euclid avenue and Prospect street, to the eastern limit
of the city on Euclid avenue, thence continuing to East Cleveland. Thie line
has also a branch running off the main line at Brownell street, and traversing
the whole length of Garden street, to the eastern limit of the city. The Kins-
man street line, organized in 1859, runs from the junction of Superior and Water
streets, through Ontario street and Woodland avenue to Woodland Cemetery.

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45G CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

The West Side railroad runs from the junction of Superior and Water streets, by
way of South Water, Detroit and Kentucky street, to Bridge street, with a brancli
along Pearl street. The St. Clair street railroad, tlie latest Luilt, runs along
St. Clair from Water street to the eastern line of the city. Besides these, a
local railroad, operated by steam, connects the Kinsman street lino with New-
burg, and another of a similar character connects the West Side railroad with
Rocky Rirer. Charters have been obtained for a railroad to connect the Pearl
street branch of the West Side railroad with University Heights, and for a line
to run parallel with the bluff overlooking the north hank of the Cuyahoga from
River street, to the boundary • between the city and Newburg tov/nship.

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/7i- REFIiESE.NTAriyE MEM. 157

HENRY S. STEVENS.

To Henry S. Stevens, more than to any other man, are the citizens
of Clevehind indebted for their facilities in traveling, cheaply and
comfortably, from point to point in tlie city, and for the remarkable
immunity the Forest City has enjoyed from hack driving extortions
and brutality, which have so greatly annoyed citizens and strangers
in many other cities. To his foresight, enterprise and steady perse-
verance is Cleveland indebted for its excellent omnibus and public
carriage system, and for the iiitroduction of street railroads. Both
these improvements were not established without a sharp struggle,
in the former case against the determined opposition of the hack
drivers who preferred acting for themselves and treating the pas-
senger as lawful prey, and in the case of street railroads, having to
overcome interested opposition, popular indifference or prejudice,
and official reluctance to permit innovations.

Mr. Stevens was born in Middlesex county, Massachusetts, January,
1821. After spending seven years at school in Salem and Boston, his
father's family moved to New Hampshire. He attended school there
for two years. Before he was twenty years of age he developed a
desire to visit new scenes and a propensity for observing strange
characters and manners, which seems to have strengthened with his
years. Our railroad system and ocean steam navigation were then
in their infancy, and the first journey he made was almost equivalent
to a journey around the globe at the present day. He took passage
in a packet ship from Boston for the West Indies, visiting Porto Rico,
Matanzas and Havana, thence to New Orleans, the interior of Texas
and Arkansas, and remained a winter at Alexandria, in western
Louisiana. About a year after his return to New Hampshire the
family removed to Maryland, where he resided nine years, and finally
came to Cleveland in 1S40, when this city had less than a fifth of its
present population. He was one of the early proprietors of the
Weddell House, and upon his retirement from the business, he estab-
lished the omnibus local transit for passengers and baggage at a
uniform rate of charge, which system has been generally adopted in
the principal cities in the country.

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.7'.

458 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

In 1856, in company witli two other gentlemen from New York, he
explored the southern part of Mexico from the Gulf to the Tacitic
ocean, with reference to its availability for a railroad and preliminary
stage road. The result was, that two years later he completed an
arrangement with the Louisiana Tehuaniepec Company to carry out
the provisions of their charter. He chartered a vessel at New York
and shipped mechanics and otlier employees, coaches and materials,
and in two months thereafter the line commenced moving a distance
of one hundred and twelve miles through the forests and over the
rolling plains of Southern Mexico.

For nearly a year this continued successfully^ and it was owing
either to his good fortune or good management, that no accident to
passengers or property was incurred, and of the large number of his
employees from the States, every one returned in good health. The
rebellion was then in its incipiency, and the Southern owners of the
route decided to suspend operations until their little difficulty was
adjusted with the North.

Mr. Stevens, however, is better known as having started the street
railroad system here, which has proved so great a convenience to our
citizens, and which has enhanced the price of real estate in this city
more than any other one cause. He built the Prospect street.
Kinsman street and West Side railroads ; the lirst two without aid
from capitalists, and in the face of many discouragements. In the Fall
of 1865, he went to Rio Janeiro for the purpose of establishing street
railroads in that city. These roads are now in successful operation
there. In this journey Mr. Stevens visited many other places in
Brazil, including Fernambuco, Bahia, St. Salvador and Para, on tlie
river Amazon. Returning by the way of Europe, he stopped at the
Cape de Verde Islands, on the coast of Africa, thence to Lisbon and
across Portugal to Madrid. During his sojourn in Spain he visited
Granada, the Alhambra, and many cities in the south of Spain. His
route home w^as through Paris, London and Liverpool. Two years
later he made an extended tour over Europe, including Russia,
Hungary, and other places of the Danube.

Mr. Stevens has served four years in the city council, and for tvro
years was president of that body. During his official term lie was
noted for regularity and punctuality of attendance, close attention to
business, and watchful care of the public interests. As presiding
officer he had few eciuals. Dignified, yet courteous, in manner, and
thoroughl}^ impartial, he possessed the respect of all parties in the
council, and was always able to so conduct the deliberations as to

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. "^50

prevent unseemly outbreaks or undignified discussions. Methodical
in the disposition of business, he was able to get through a large
amount in a short time, without the appearance ot haste.

Mr Stevens is one of that class of travelers of whom there are,
unhappilv, but few, who not only travel far, but see much, and are
able to relate what they saw with such graphic power as to give those
who remain at home a pleasure only secondary to visiting the scenes
in person. His several wanderings in Mexico and Central America,
in South America, Western Europe, and Russia, have all been narrated
briefly or more at length, in letters to the Cleveland Herald, which
for felicitv of expression and graphic description, have had no supe-
riors in the literature of travel. This is high praise, but those who
have read the several series of letters with the well known signature
" H S S '^ will unqualitiedly support the assertion, in his journeymgs
he oenerallv avoided the beaten track of tourists and sought unhack-
neN^ed scenes. ^ These were observed with intelligent eyes, the
impressions deepened and corrected by close investigation inio the
historical and contemporary facts connected with the localities, and
the result given in language graphic, direct, and at the same time
easy and o^-aceful. A collection of these letters would make one ol
the most deli-htful volumes of travel sketches in the language.

THEODORE R. SCOWDEJJ.

Theodore R. Scowden, son of Theodore Scowden, of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, was born June S, 1815, and was educated at Augusta

College, Kentucky. -, .1 ^

On leaving colle-e, in 1S32, he was apprenticed to the steam
en-ine business at Cincinnati, and continued at this about lour years,
wh'en he en-a-ed as en-ineer on a steamer plying between Cincinnati
and New Orleans. From the time of commencing engine building,
he emploved all his spare moments in studying mechanics, hydraulics
and civil engineering. He remained in the position of engineer on
the river for about eight years, when, in 1S44, he turned his attention
to the work of desi-ning and planning engines, and so put into
practice the knowledge acquired by application for the previous

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4G0 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

twelve years, and, in fact, for which he more particularly fitted him-
self while at college. lie was then ai^pointed hy the city council of
Cincinnati, engineer of water works, the primitive works then existing
being inadequate to the increased waiits of the city. The water was
conveyed in log pipes, and the work before Mr, Scowden was to
replace these logs by iron pipes, and to design and erect new works.
In about a year from his appointment his plans were perfected and
he was ready to commence operation. A great difficulty under which
belabored, was, the necessity of keeping up the supply of water all
the time, and being at the same time compelled to place the new
reservoir and engine house in the exact spot of the old. This made
the construction extend through nearly eight years, during which
time from forty to fifty miles of iron pipe were laid, and a reservoir of
great capacity constructed. This was his first great public work
completed, and was a perfect success.

The first low pressure engine ever successfully used in the Ohio
and Mississippi valleys, was designed by Mr. Scowden and introduced
into these works. It was found that the sedimentaiy matter of the
Ohio river cut the valves in the condensing aparatus, and so destroy-
ing the vacuum, rendered the working of the engine inefiective.
This Mr. Scowden overcame by introducing vulcanized india rubber
valves, seated on a grating. Since that time he has designed several
low pressure engines for the Mississippi river, which are still working
successfully.

In ISol, Mr. Scowden was commissioned by the city of Cincinnati,
to make the tour of England and France for the purpose of examining
the principles and workings of public docks, drainage, paving and
water works. After returning and making his report he resigned Ids
post and came to Cleveland, for the purpose of constructing the water
works now in operation in this city. The plan and designs were
completed during 1S52, and active operations commenced in 1^5-J.
The site of these works is said to have presented more engineering
difficulties than any other in the country. At the time tlie tests were
made for the foundation of the engine house, the water was nearly
knee deep, and four men forced a rod thirty feet long and three-
quarters of an inch in diameter twenty-eight feet into the i^round.
By the aid of five steam engines and pumps he succeeded in excava-
ting to the depth of fourteen feet, and not being able to proceed
further, he commenced the foundation. It is well to note the fact
here, that the soil was in such a semi-fluid state that it could not be
handled with a shovel, and altogether the chances of success for

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4(>1

securing- a permanent ibundalion looked, to tlie public, at least, verv
dubious. The citizens grew uneasy ; they thouglit it was a wiiste of
public money, but Mr. Snowden never despaired, though lie witli his
own hand thrust a pole down twelve feet from the bottom of the
excavation.

He laid down over the whole area two courses of timber laid
cross-wise, leaving a space of twelve inches between each timber.
The first timber was drawn by a rope, and floated to its place. In
order to get a bed he scooped a space of two feet in length at one end,
which was filled with gravel. This process was continued throudi
the whole length of the timber. The second timber was floated to its
place, leaving a foot between tliem, and the same operation was
performed throughout the whole foundation.

All the spaces between the timbers were filled with broken stone
and hydraulic cement ; then the cross timbers were laid, filling the
spans with the concrete also. It is to be observed that not a single
pile was driven in all the foundation.

The masonry was commenced upon the timbers, and carried up
about nineteen feet, and, notwithstanding the misgivings of scientific
and experienced contractors and builders, and others, the super-
structure was completed in 1S55, and from that day to this not a crack
in an angle of the building has been seen, although it may with truth
be said that the engine house floats on a bed of quicksand. There
were three thousand feet of aqueduct from the engine house to the
lake, which presented similar difliculties, as did also the laying of
pipes under the Cuyahoga river.

Tlie engines in use in the Cleveland works are the first Cornish
engines introduced west of the Allegheny mountains. After com-
pleting the works and putting them in successful operation. Mr.
Scowden resigned his position here, in 1S56.

In 1S5T, Mr. Scowden commenced the construction of the water
works of Louisville, Kentucky, and finished them in ISCO, and for
character, capacity and finish they are acknowledged to be second to
none in the United States, if in the world. The second pair of Cornish
engines used west of the mountains were introduced there.

The next public work of Mr. Scowden was the extension and
enlargement of the canal around the Falls of the Ohio at Louisville,
which comprises a new work, as very little of the old was used. The
engineering of the work was done under the direction of a board of
directors, the president of which w\as James Guthrie, former Secretary
of the Treasury under Pierce, and late United States Senator.

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462 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

The locks in these works are the largest in the known world for
width, length, and lift, not excepting the Suez Canal. There are two
locks of thirteen feet lift, and containing fifty-two thousand yards of
masonry. The canal is crossed by iron swing bridges. The work has
been inspected by the United States topographical engineers, and
General Wietzel, now in charge of the work, has pronounced it
unsurpassed by anything within the range of his knowledge, and,
what is more remarkable, a like tribute to the skill of our fellow
citizen has been accorded by French, English and German engineers,
and also by the president of the board.

This was his last and greatest triumph of engineering skill; and
being a national work, and he a civilian, he may well feel proud of his
achievement.

After completing the last mentioned work, Mr. Scowden returned
to Cleveland and engaged in the iron trade, constructing a rolling
mill at Newburg, for the American sheet and boiler plate comj)an3',
wuth which he is still connected.

As an engineer, Mr. Scowden stands high. He never was baffled,
though established principles failed, for he had resources of his own
from which to draw. Without an exception, every great public work
undertaken by him has been not only completed, but has proved
entirely successful.

As a man he enjoys the respect and confidence of his fellow
citizens. His manner is afiable and unassuming, and his disposition
kindly. Constant application for twenty-five years has had its effect
upon him, but with care, he may yet be spared many years to enjoy
the fruits of his labors.

JOHxN H. SARGENT

John H. Sargent has been, and is, so intimately connected with
the construction and management of some of the most important
public improvements of the city, and notably so with the sewerage
system and water works management, that it is eminently proper
he should be noticed here as a representative man in the department
of City Improvements.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4G3

Mr. Sargent was born March 7, 1S14, at Carthage, near Rochester,
New York. His parents were but recent emigrants from New
Hampshire, and when he was but three years old they removed again
toward the land of the setting sun, taking up their residence in what
is now the city of Monroe, Michigan, but which was then known as
River Raisin. In that place they remained but a year, at the end of
which time they removed to Cleveland. Levi iSargent, the father of
the subject of this sketch, was by trade a blacksmith, and was at one
time a partner in that business witli Abraham Hickox, then, and long
after, familiarly known to every one in the neighborhood as " Uncle
Abrara." He soon removed to the west side of the river, and thence
to Brooklyn, where he built him one of the first houses erected on
that side, on top of the hill. Hard knocks upon the anvil could barely
enable him to support his family, so the boy, at the age of nine, was
sent to the Granite State, where for ten years he enjoyed, during the
Winter months, the advantages of a New England district school,
and worked and delved among the rocks upon a farm the remainder
of the year. At the age of nineteen, with a freedom suit of satinet,
and barely money enough to bring him home, he returned to Cleve-
land.

Here, after supporting himself, he devoted all his leisure time to
the study of mathematics, for which he had a predilection. Subse-
quently he spent some time at the Norwich University, Vermont, at
an engineering and semi-military school, under the management of
Captain Patridge.

When the subject of railroads began to agitate the public mind,
and the project of a railroad along the south shore of Lake Erie was
resolved upon, Mr. Sargent was appointed resident engineer upon the
Ohio Railroad, which position he held until the final collapse of that
somewhat precarious enterprise, in 1S43. Sandusky City had already
taken the lead in Ohio in the matter of railroads, having a locomotive
road in operation to Tiffin, and horse road to Monroeville. Upon the
reconstruction and extension of this last road Mr. Sargent was
appointed resident engineer, and while there, seeing the advantages
that Sandusky was likely to gain over Cleveland by her railways, at
the solicitation of J. W. Gray, he sent a communication to the riaui
Dealer, illustrating the same with a map, urging the construction of
a railroad from Cleveland to Columlnis and Cincinnati. He also
advocated the project in the Railroad Journal, but that paper dis-
couraged the matter, as it was likely to be too much of a competing
Hue with the Sandusky road already begun. But the agitation con*

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464 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

tinued until tlie preliminary surveys were made, the greater part of
them under Mr, Sargent's immediate charge. When the project hung
fire for a time, Mr. Sargent, in company with Philo Scovill, spent two
seasons among the copper mines of Lake Superior. When the Cleve-
land, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad was begun in good earnest, he
was called ui^on once more and located the line upon which it was
built. Mr. Sargent remained upon the road until opened to Welling-
ton, when he went upon the IMichigan Southern and Northern Indiana
railroad, where, for nearly five years, he was engaged in extending
and reconstructing that road, and in locating and building its
branches.

Since 1S55, most of his time has been spent in Cleveland, in
engineering and works of public utility. While city civil engineer
he strongly advocated, though for the time unsuccessfully, the intro-
duction of the Nicholson pavement, and introduced and established
the present system of sewerage, a work, the importance of which to
the health and comfort of the citizens, can not be overestimated.

Mr. Sargent has been chosen one of the commissioners for enlarg-
ing and extending the water works so as to meet the altered circum-
stances and enlarged demands of the city.

In politics Mr. Sargent is, and has always been, a Democrat, but
never allows party prejudices to sway him, and is in no sense a
professed politician. The honesty of his convictions and his upright-
ness of conduct have won for him the respect and friendship of men of
all parties, who have confidence in his never permitting party consid-
erations to interfere with his honest endeavor to serve the public
interests to the best of his ability, whenever placed in a position to do
so. During the rebellion he was zealous and untiring in his support
of the government, and aiding, by all the means in his power, to
crush out the rebellion.

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Military.

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1 ^fTjREVIOUS to the rebellion, Cleveland had tlie honor of possessing military
"^(JL.. companies famous for their drill and efficiencv, and whinh were the
K0^~^ pride of the citizens and a credit to the State. At the outbreak of the
rebellion, the Cleveland companies were foremost in tendering their services, were
among the first Ohio troops that rushed to the scene of danger, and were in the
first skirmish of the war between the volumes '- -troops of the North and the
organized troops of the rebels — that at Vienna. The first artillerv companv
organized in the West was formed in Cleveland, and kept its organization up for
many years before the war. The breaking out of the war found this artillery
organization ready for service, and. scarcely waiting for authority, it was speedily
on its way to the point where its services seemed most needed. To its prompj-
nesg and efficiency is largely due the swift expulsion of the rebels from Wt-.^t
Virginia and the saving of that State to the Union cause. As the war progressed,
companies first, and then whole regiments, were rapidly organized, and soiit
forward from Cleveland, until at length every portion of the field rf war liad
Cleveland representatives in it. Those who remained at home eagt-rly aid*-*!
those in the field. Money was raised in large sums whenever want«'d, ti> forward
the work of enlistment, to provide comforts for the soldiers in the fieUl, and to
care for the sick and wounded. Busy hands and sympathetic hearts workid
together in unison, enlarging their field of operation until the Cleveland Snliii.-ts'
Aid Society became the Northern Ohio Soldiers' Aid Society, and that agnin
developed into the Western Branch of the Sanitary Commission.

In the im^wslng ceremonies of the inauguration of the Perry statue on tlip
Public Square in Cleveland on the tenth of September, ISOO. a ft*w nionilis
30 465

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4.66 CLEVELAND, FAST AND PRESENT:

before the breaking out of actual hostilities between the North and South, the
whole n^ilitary force of the city participated. The organizations represented were
the First Hegiment Cleveland Light Artillery, under comnuvnd of Colonel James
Barnett and Lieutenant Colonel S. B. Sturges, composed of the following compa-
nies" Co A Capt. Simmons; Co. B. Capt. Mack; Co. D. Capt. Rice: Co. E.
Capt. Heckman. [Co. C, Capt. Kenny, belonged to Geneva. It took part :n
the ceremonies, under the general command of Colonel Barnett, but at that
time retained its old organization as Independent Battery A.] Brooklyn I.ght
Artillery, Capt. Pelton ; Cleveland Light Dragoons, Capt. Haltnorth ; Cleveland
Gravs Capt. Paddock; Cleveland Light Guards, Capt. Sanford ; Hibernian Guards,
Capt Kenny. Of these the Cleveland Grays had achieved the greatest reputa-
tion in past vears for its drill and efficiency. It had been the pet of the citizens.
and in its ranks, at one time or another, had been found the ver> best class of
the people of Cleveland, who continued to take pride in the organization, and
contribute to its maintenance, long after they ceased to be actually connected

"when President Lincoln's call for troops was received, the Cleveland Grays
and Hibernian Guards promptly tendered their services, and the first named
company started for the field without a single hours unnecessary delay. It was
fonned with the First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was in the skirmish at ,
Vienna. On the xe-organization of the Ohio troops into three years' regiments, a
lar..e proportion of the Cleveland Grays found positions as officers in new reg.
xnelts where their knowledge of drill and discipline was of great value in bnng-
ing tie masses of raw volunteers into speedy use as efficient soldiers. The
Hibernian Guards followed the Cleveland Grays and did good service throughout
-the war. Many of the original members of this company also became gradually
scattered throughout other regiments as company or staff officers. The Cleveland
Light Guards formed the nucleus of the Seventh Ohio, whose history is idenUcal
with that of its two principal officers, which will be found in subsequent pages.
The story of the Cleveland Light Artillery is mainly told in that of General
Barnett. its commander and leading spirit.

It is of course, impossible to furnish an exact account of the number of men
furnished by Oeveland to the army of the Union, or even to designate the
particular organizations belonging to that city. Clevelanders were to be found
scattered through a number of regiments not raised in this vicinity, and among
the regiments organized in Cleveland camps many were almost entirely composed
of men from beyond the city, or even county lines. To the 1st Ohio Infantry
Cleveland contributed the Cleveland Grays. The 7th Ohio was organized at

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4r>7

Camp ClevHland, and contained three companies raised exclutsively in Cleveland.
The 8th Ohio, organized in Cleveland, contained one Cleveland company — the
Hibernian Guards. The 28d and 27th Ohio, organized at Camp Chase, contained
Cleveland companies. The 37th Ohio, (German) was organized in Cleveland, and a
large part of its members enlisted at this point. The 41st Ohio was a Cleve-
land regiment, recruited mainly in the city. The o4th Ohio, organized at Camp
Dennison, contained one Cleveland company. The .j8th Ohio, (German,) also
contained a Cleveland contingent. Clevelanders also were in the 61st, organized
at Camp Chase. The 67th Ohio had a considerable proportion of Clevelanders.
The 103rd Ohio was organized in Cleveland, and was, to a large extent, a
Cleveland regiment, in both officers and men. The 107th Ohio, (German.) was
organized and largely recruited in Cleveland. The 124th Ohio was organized in
Cleveland, most of its companies recruited there and the regiment officered maiulv
by Cleveland men. The 12oth Ohio was organized in Cleveland, with some
Cleveland recruits. The 128lh Ohio, (Prisoner's Guards,) was recruited and organ-
ized in Cleveland. It did duty on Johnson's Island. The 129th Ohio was
organized in Cleveland, having been partially recruited and officered in the same
place. It was organized for six months' service. The loOth Ohio, National
Guard, for one hundred days" service, was organized in Cleveland, and contained
eight companies from the city, (the 29th Ohio Volunteer Militia,) with one from
Olierlin, and another from Independence. It garrisoned some of the forts around
Washington and took part in the repulse of the rebel attack in June, 1804. The
177th Ohio, one year regiment, was organized and partly recruited in Cleveland.
The 191st, organized at Columbus, was commanded and partly recruited with
Clevelanders. The 2nd, 10th and 12th Ohio Cavalry regiments were organized
and partially recruited in Cleveland. The 1st regiment of Ohio Liglit Artillt-ry
was made out of the 1st regiment Cleveland Light Artillery. Besides these
Cleveland furnished to the service, in whole or part, the 9th, 14th, loth. 19tli
and 20th Independent Batteries. Other regiments were organized at the CIlvc-
land 'camps, but probably contained no members that could be credited to
Cleveland, and mention of them is therefore omitted here. In addition a large
number of recruits were obtaine<l for the regular army, and for the navy, beside.-*
contributions to the colored regiments raised during the war. A number fif
Clevelanders, for one reason or another, also took service in regiments of other
States.

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46S CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

COLONEL CHARLES WHITTLESEY.

AlthoTigli Colonel Whittlesey wus trained to the profession of arms,
and has a military record of which he may well be proud, it is not in
the field of battle that he has won the honors he prizes most, but in
the broader field of science. It is among the heroes who have
achieved distinction in grappling with the mysteries of nature and
who have developed means for making life more useful and comfort-
able, that Colonel Whittlesey would have preferred taking position,
rather than among those whose distinction comes rather of destruc-
tion than construction or production. But the exigencies of this
work prevent the formation of a distinct scientific department, and
the military services of Colonel Whittlesey have been such that he
could not, without injustice, be omitted from this department of our
work.

Charles Whittlesey was born in Southington, Connecticut, about
midnight of October 4-5, ISOS, being the first born of Asaph and Vesta
Whittlesey. When four years old he was sent to the old red school
house " to be out of harm's way,'' whilst his father was in the Ohio
•wilderness, exploring for a home.

The location was found, and in 1S13 the family removed to Tal-
madge. Summit county, Ohio. There the young boy trudged from
home to the log school house, south of Talmadge Centre, until 1S19,
when the frame academy was finished and the eleven year old lad
attended school in the new building during the Winter, and in
Summer worked on the farm. This mode of life continued until 1S24.

In 1S27, he was appointed a cadet at West Point.

During his second year at West Point, a fiery Southerner made a
personal assault upon a superior officer, the military punishment for
which is death. He was condemned by a court-martial to be shot.
While the sentence was being forwarded to Washington for approval
the culprit was confined in the cadet prison, without irons. Cadet
Whittlesey was one evening on post at the door of the prison, and as
he passed on his beat, his back being for a moment towards the door,
the prisoner, who was a powerful man, sprang out and seized the
sentinel's musket from behind. At the same instant the muzzle of a
pistol was presented to the ear of the young cadet with an admo-
nition to keep quiet. This, however, did not prevent him from

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 469

calling lustily for the " corporal of the guard.'' Cadet O. M. Mitchel,
of subsequent lame, happened to be in charge of the guard as corporal
and then coming up stairs with the relief. With his usual activity he
sprang forward and the scion of chivalry ran. The guns of the
sentinels at West Point are not loaded. The escaping prisoner could
not, therefore, be shot, but in the pursuit by Cadet Whittlesey he had
nearly planted a bayonet in his back when the guard seized him.

After passing through the regular course of instruction at West
Point, he graduated, and, in 1831, was made Brevet Second Lieutenant
of the Fifth United States Infantry, and served in the Black Hawk
campaign of 1832. He afterwards resigned, and for the next quarter
of a century his record is wholly a scientific one. Recognizing the
right of the government to his military services in national emergen-
cies he offered to resume his old rank in the Florida war of 1838, and
in the Mexican war of 1816, but his offers were not accepted.

In 1837, he was appointed on the geological survey of Ohio, and
was engaged on that work two years, the survey eventually termin-
ating through the neglect of the Legislature to make the necessary
-appropriations. Incomplete as the work was, the survey was of
immense importance to Ohio, as the investigations of Colonel Whitle-
seyaud his associates revealed a wealth of mineral treasures hitherto
unsuspected, and enabled capital and enterprise to be directed with
intelligence to their development. The value of the rich coal and
iron deposits of North-eastern Ohio was disclosed by this survey, and
thus the foundation was laid for the extensive manufacturing industry
that has added enormously to the population, wealth and importance
of this portion of the State. It was with the important results of his
labors in Ohio in mind, that the State Government of Wisconsin
secured his services for the geological survey of that State, which was
carried on through the years 185S, 1859 and 1860, terminating with the
breaking out of the war. From this survey also very important
results have already followed, and still more will be arrived at in
the course of a few years.

From 1817 to 1851, both inclusive, Colonel W^hittlesey was employed
by the United States government in the survey of Lake Superior and
the upper Mississippi in reference to mines and minerals. In addition
to this he has spent much time in surveying particular portions of the
mineral districts of the Lake Superior basin, and has, in all, spent
fifteen seasons on the waters of Lake Superior and upper :\nssis5ippi,
making himself thoroughly familiar with the topography and geolog-
ical character of that portion of our country.

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470 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Colouel Whittlesey was at home in Olevehmd quietly pursuing his
scientific studies and investigations, when the national trouble
commenced. When the entrance of President Lincoln into Washing-
ton was threatened by violence in February, 18G1, he was an enrolled
member of one of the companies t(>ndering their services to General
Scott. Seeing that war was inevitable, he personally urged the
Governor and Legislature of Ohio to prepare for it before the procla-
mation of April 15, 1861, and on the ITth he joined the Governor's
staff as assistant quartermaster general. He served in the field in
Western Virginia, with the three months levies, as State military
engineer with the Ohio troops under Generals McClellan, Cox and
Hill, and at Scary Run, on the Kanawha, July 17, 1861, behaved with
great gallantry under fire, and conducted himself with intrepidity and
coolness during an engagement that lasted two hours, and in which
his horse was wounded under him. At the expiration of the service
of the three months troops he was appointed Colonel of the 20th
regiment Ohio volunteers, and detailed by General O. M. Mitchel as
chief engineer of the department of the Ohio, where he planned and
constructed the defences of Cincinnati, which he afterwards volun-
teered to defend, in September, 1862. At the battle of Fort Donelson
he was with his regiment, and was complimented by General Grant
on the morning of the surrender by being put in charge of the
prisoners. A published correspondence from the prisoners proves
with what kindness and courtesy to the unfortunate this task was
performed. A testimony to a similar effect is the correspondence
from the leading residents of the rebel counties of Owen, Grant,
Carroll and Gallatin, in Kentucky, which in the Winter of 1861, were
placed under his command, and which he ruled with such firnmess,
yet moderation, that both Union men and rebels bore witness to his
conservative, moderate, and gentlemanly course, as well as to his
promptness and decision.

At the battle of Shiloh, Colonel Whittlesey, on the second day o
that desperate fight, commanded the third brigade of General
Wallace's division. The part borne by this brigade in the battle has
become historic. It was composed of Ohio troops, the 20th, 56th
T6th, and 78th regiments, and it was against their line that General
Beauregard attempted to throw the whole weight of his force for a
last desperate charge, when he was driven back by the terrible fire
poured into him. General Wallace, in his official report, makes
especial and honorable mention of the important part taken by this
brigade and its commander in the battle.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. ■ 471

Soon after the battle Colonel Whittlesey sent in his resiirnatioii
which he had intended sending in earlier, but withheld because he
foresaw some important military movements in which he desired to
take part. The critical condition of his wife's health and his own
disabilities, which had reached a point threatening soon to untit him
for any service whatever, compelled him to take this step. After the
battle of Shiloh, when he could resign with honor and without
detriment to the service, he sent in his resignation. General regret
was expressed by the officers with whom he had been associated and
by his old command. The application was endorsed by General
Grant ''We cannot afford to lose so good an officer.-' General Wal-
lace, General Cox, and General Force added their commendations of
his abilities and services, and few officers retired from the army with
a clearer or more satisfactory record, or with greater regret on the
part of his military associates.

Since his retirement. Colonel Whittlesey has been leisurely
engaged in scientific and literary pursuits, has again spent much
time in geological explorations in the Lake Superior and Upper
Mississippi country, has organized and brought into successful
operation the Western Reserve Historical Society, of which he con-
tinues to be president, and has accumulated in its spacious ball a
good collection of historical works relating to the West, and a rich
collection of geological and antiquarian specimens, gathered in Ohio
and the Northwest.

Colonel Whittlesey has contributed largely to scientific literature,
and his works have attracted wide attention, not only among scien-
tific men of America, but of Europe. His published works are to be
found in the Geological Reports of Ohio, 1S3S-9; United States
Geological Surveys of the Upper Mississippi, D. D. Owen, 1847, 1849;
United States Geological Surveys of Upper Peninsula of Michigan,
Foster and Whitney, 1850, 1851 ; Life of John Fitch, Spark's American
Biography, new series, Volume 6, 1845 ; Fugitive Essays, mainly
historical, published at Hudson, Ohio, Svo., pp. 357, 1854; Smithso-
nian Contributions to Knowledge; — Ancient Works of Ohio, 1852;
Fluctuation of Lake Levels, 1860 ; Ancient Mining on Lake Superior,
1863 ; Fresh Water Glacial Drift, 1866. In addition to these are an
essay on the Mineral Resources of the Rocky Mountains, in 1863; a
handsome and valuable volume on the Early History of Cleveland,
in 1866, and about thirty essays, reports, and pamphlets, besides very
numerous and valuable contributions to newspapers and scientific
journals.

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472 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

GENERAL JAMES BARNETT.

James Barnett was born on the 21st of June, ls21, at Cherry
Valley Otsego county, NeAV York. He came to Cleveland when
about four years of age, and after receiving a common school educa-
tion commenced his business career by entering the hardware store
of Potter, Clark & Murfey, where he served three years as clerk. At
the end of that time he went into the hardware house of George
Worthington, and has for many years been a member of the firm of
Georo-e Worthington & Co. As a business man and good citizen he
stand's very higlUn the estimation of the people of Cleveland, but it
is with his' military record that we have now chietly to deal.

In 1S40 an independent company of artillery was organized in
Cleveland,' and at its start was made a part of the old Cleveland
Grays afterwards the artillery part formed a company by itseil,
which had for its commanders D. L. Wood and A. S. Santord. This
organization was kept up until the breaking out of the war, and was,
wi'thout doubt, the best drilled and equipped artillery organization
west of the mountains ; the State supplied the guns, harness ana
caissons, but the expenses for horses, the meeting and drill houses,
and equipments, and all their expenses, were paid by themselves.
They drilled regularly, took an excursion every year, visited Niagara,
Syracuse, Sandusky, Wooster, and also Chicago, on the occasion of the
assembling of the River and Harbor Convention. At every pomt
they visited they never failed to infuse a military spirit into the
neople and to create a desire for similar companies. Nearly all the
artillery organizations of the West sprang out of this little nucleus
at Cleveland, for at the places visited and instructed by the Cleveland
company, men were obtained at the breaking out of the war who
were to some extent familiar with artillery drill, and many ot them
became, because of this, commanders during the rebellion. Such
commanders were to be found throughout the service.

About two years before the war, the Ohio militia law was so
amended as to permit the organization of artillery companies, with
one gun to a comixiuy, every six guns to form a command, entitled to
elect a colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and major. The Cleveland Light
Artillery took immediate advantage of this by organizing into the

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 473

First Regiment Light Artillery, O. V. M., with the following ollirers:
Colonel, James Barnett ; Lieutenant Colonel, S. B. Sturges ; Major,
Clark Gales; (Quartermaster, Amos Townsend ; Quartermasters Ser-
geant, Randall Crawford; Co. A, Captain Wm. R. Simmons; Co. B,
Captain John G. Mack ; Co. C, Captain D. Kenny ; Co. D, Captain
Percy Rice ; Co. E, Captain F. W. Pel ton. The three city companies
drilled at what is now the Varieties, on Frankfort street, Captain
Pelton's company at Brooklyn, and Captain Kenny's at Geneva.

In the Winter of ISOO, the regiment tendered their services to the
State authorities in case of diiRculty, as the rebels in West Virginia
were assuming a threatening attitude. This ofl'er was accepted, but
the opinion expressed in the acceptance, that the protfered services
would probably not be needed. Five days after the fall of Fort
Sumter the order came for the regiment to report with its six guns to
Columbus. On the second day after the date of the order the organ-
ization, with full complement of men and guns, passed through
Columbus en route to Marietta, where a rebel demonstration was
expected. Here it remained a little over a month, when a detach-
ment with two guns, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Sturges,
crossed into West Virginia at Parkersburg, and the remainder, under
command of Colonel Barnett, crossed the river at Benwood and
proceeded to Grafton, West Virginia. The two guns under Lieutenant
Colonel Sturges went up the Baltimore and Ohio line to Philippi, and
in the affair at that place did telling service. Theirs was the first
artillery fired in the field by the National forces in the war of the
rebellion. About a month after, the detachment rejoined the main
body of the regiment, and the guns of the artillery did good service
in the attack on the rebels at Laurel Hill, the result being the hasty
flight of the enemy.

In the pursuit from Laurel Hill, two pieces pushed over the moun-
tains and pressed their rear guard with great energy for two days,
during nearly the whole time in a drenching rain, deep mud, and
through fords, the men all anxiety to overtake the fieeing foes. The
rebels had felled trees to obstruct the road. Some chopped the trees
asunder, some helped the guns through the mud, and all worked like
desperate men. Finally the transportation of the rebels stuck fast in
quicksand and stopped the whole train. The rebels were compelled
to make a stand to protect their baggage. To effect this they drew
up their forces on a little table land, near Carrick's Ford — the position
being hid by a row of bushes on the edge of the hill, and overlooking
the line of Colonel Barnett's command. The head of the column was

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474 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

pushing on with great impetuosity when they were suddenly opened
upon from the point of land on their right hand, but, fortunately,
from the elevation, their lire mostly passed over their heads. The
troops were immediately put into position to repel the attack; the
guns, to give them scope, were wheeled out into the field and opened
fire immediatelj' with canister. Although fired upon by two pieces of
artillery from the eminence, they lost no one, and after a few rounds
the rebel guns were silenced, and the gallant attack by the infantry
under Colonel Steadman of the 14th Ohio, Colonel Dumont, 6th
Indiana, and Colonel Milroy, 9th Indiana, at the same time, drove
them from their position. When taken, it was found that the gunner
of one piece had been killed and was lying across the trunnions of
the piece with the cartridge only half rammed— the horses having
been killed at the same time and in falling broke the pole, so that it
was impossible to get the gun away. Our men soon improvised
another pole and harness, hitched some mules to the piece, and
brought it away, together with the captured supplies. The pursuing
column returned to camp at Laurel Hill.

Immediately after this. Colonel Barnett was ordered to report to
General McClelian in person, at Beverly. There a consultation was
had on the policy of taking the artillery on a campaign up the
Kanawha, alter General Wise. There was some question about
ordering them on the campaign, from the fact that they were not in
the United States command, their organization tlien not having been
recognized by the General Government. They were Ohio troops, and
their invasion of West Virginia was excused on the plea that it was
necessary to the ""defence of the State," for which purpose only they
were mustered into the State service.

While the matter of a new campaign was being submitted to the
command, the battle of Bull's Run took place, and McClellan was
peremptorily ordered to Washington to take command of the army of
the Potomac. Colonel Barnett returned to Columbus witli his
command, which was mustered in and mustered out of the United
States service on the same day.

This aff'air, in connection with the operation at Eich 3Iauntain,
under Bosecrans, closed the campaign made by General McClellan
in Western Virginia, and preserved the State to the Union.

Colonel Barnett and his command returned to Cleveland, bringing
with them, by permission of Governor Dennison, the piece of artillery
captured at Carrick's Ford, which still remains in Cleveland ard is
used for firing salutes. On reaching Cleveland the returning soldiers

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 475

were received with public demonstrations of joy, and a vote of thanks,
couched in the strongest terms of commendation, was unanimously
adopted by the city council at their regular meeting, July 30, ISGl.

Governor Dennison had strongly urged the General Government to
grant him permission to furnish a twelve battery regiment of artillery
as part of the State quota of troops. This was steadily refused for a
considerable time, but at length a Mr. Sherwin, of Cincinnati, was
granted permission to raise such a regiment, provided he could do it
within a stated time. The attempt proving a failure, Governor
Dennison obtained permission from the War Department to appoint
Colonel Barnett to the task. Colonel Barnett at once left for
Columbus, and in x^ugust, 1S61, commenced the work of recruiting
and equipping, the batteries being sent to the field as rapidly as they
could be got ready. Co. A and Co. C reported to General Thomas in
time to participate in the battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky, The
other batteries were sent to different commands in Western Virginia
and Kentucky, as soon as ready.

Colonel Barnett reported to General Buell, at Louisville, the
following Spring, with a portion of the command, and on the arrival
of the army at Nashville, in March, he was placed in command of the
Artillery Reserve of the Army of the Ohio, in 'which capacity he
served until ordered to Ohio, in July, 1S62, on recruiting service, and
was in command through the campaign embracing the battles of
Pittsburgh Landing, Corinth and other aifairs, up fo the time of the
occupation of Huntsville by Buell's army.

After having obtained the requisite number of recruits for his
regiment, he was assigned to duty, in September, upon the staff of
General C. C. Gilbert; at that time commanding the centre corps of
the Army of the Ohio. After the battle of Perryville, the Colonel
was transferred to the staff of Major General McCook, as Chief of
Artillery, which position he filled until November 24, 1S62, when he
was designated by General Rosecrans, Chief of Artillery of the
army of the Cumberland.

In the battles of Stone River, Chicamauga, Mission Ridge, and
the various other operations of the grand old army of the Cumberland,
Colonel Barnett was constantly and actively engaged, and is men-
tioned with special commendation by General Rosecrans in his
otlieial report, and received the confidence and support of tlve tina!
commander of that department, the sturdy and gallant Thomas.

After the close of operations around Chattanooga, Colonel
Barnett was put in command of the artillery of the department,

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476 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

requiring reorganization and remounting, wliicli was formed in two
divisions, consisting of six batteries in a division ; the first division
being batteries in tlie regubar service ; the second division Ijeing
volunteer batteries, and principally composed of batteries of the
First Ohio Light Artillery, having their camj^s near the city of Nash-
ville, where they were thoroughly drilled, reorganized and equipped,
and held in readiness for the field at any moment on requisition of
the department commander ; which command he retained until
mustered out of the service, October 20, 1864.

Colonel Barnett also participated in the battle of Nashville, in
which, however, he acted in a volunteer capacity, the battle having
taken place subsequent to his muster out of the service.

Subsequently he was awarded a Brevet Brigadier Generalship, in
consideration of his eminent abilities and (he valuable services he
had performed. On his return home he resumed his position in the
old firm, having, by the generosity of his partners, been allowed to
retain his interest without detriment during the whole time of his
service.

COLONEL WM. H. HAYWARD.

Wm. H. Hay ward was born at Lebanon, Connecticut, in ISiM, was
brought to Cleveland in 1826, received a good common school
education, and at the age of fifteen became an apprentice to the
printing business in the olfice of Sanford ifc Lott. At the end of his
five years apprenticeship he was admitted as partner, solely because
of his proficiency, not having any capital to jjut in. Mr. Lott retired
on account of ill health, and the firm became Sarford cV: Hayward,
which it has ever since remained, and which has steadily built up a
large and profitable blank-book and lithographing business.

From boyhood Mr. Hayward had a taste for military studies, and
he was early connected with the military organizations of the city.
In the early days of the Cleveland Light Artillery, when it was under
the command of his partner, General A. S. Sanford, he was First

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 4:11

Lieutenant. When permission was received for the organization of
the First Ohio Artillery as a three years regiment, Mr. Hayward
was tendered, and from a sheer sense of duty to the country accepted,
the Lieutenant Colonelcy of the regiment. He took an active part
in recruiting, drilling, and organizing the men as fast as received, and
sending tliem to the front. When the regiment was divided and sent
in diflerent directions his command was ordered to the Shenandoah
Valley to report to General Shields. Under this command he took
part in the fight at Port Republic, June 12, 18G2, fought whilst another
battle was going on at Cross Keys, seven miles distant. Soon after-
wards he and his command became part of the Army of the Potomac,
being attached to the Third Division under General Whipple, who
was subsequently mortally wounded at Chancellorsville. On being
assigned to that Division, Colonel Hayward was made Chief of
Artillery. At the time of the battle of Gettysburg Colonel Hayward
was assigned to duty in Washington.

His health, never good, having completely broken down, he was
compelled to resign and return home. Here he remained attending
his business duties and rendering such aid as lay in his power until
the call for hundred days troops to defend Washington. At the time
he was in command of the 29th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Militia,
organized for just such emergencies, and which contained eight
companies. With these two other comipanies were consolidated, and
the organization styled the 150th Ohio National Guards. Colonel
Hayward led it to Washington, and took a leading part in the repulse
of Early. The attack of the rebel forces was mainly against that part
of the defences garrisoned by the 150th Regiment. There were no
hopes of permanently keeping the rebels out of Washington with so
small a force, but the main object was to keep them at bay until
succor could arrive. To do this strategy was adopted. About eight
hundred quartermaster's men, darkeys and teamsters, were sent oil"
from Washington to swell the force ; these men were kept marcliing
and counter-marching around a piece of wood, then wheeled around
and brought again into the view of the rebels, who, thinking there
was a large force being massed there, deferred the attack till morning,
when the veteran Sixth corps came up to their relief, and Early was
driven back in discomfiture.

On the expiration of their terra of service the 150th National
Guards returned to Cleveland, and Colonel Hayward resumed
business life.

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478 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

COLONEL WM. R. CREIGHTON.

No Infantry regiment raised in Cleveland became so thoroughly
identified with Cleveland as the ''Fighting Seventh." This was in
great measure due to the fact that it was the first complete regiment
sent from Cleveland, and that it contained a large number of the
spirited young men of the city, taken from all classes of the popula-
tion. The fortunes of the Seventh were followed with deep interest,
their successes exulted in, and their losses mourned over. No public
sorrow, saving that for the death of President Lincoln, was so general
and deep as that which followed the news of the fall of the gallant
leaders of the '' old Seventh,'' as they led their handful of men, spared
from numerous murderous battles, in the face of certain death up the
hill at Ringgold. Grief for the loss was mingled with indignation
at the stupidity or wanton cruelty that had sent brave men to such
needless slaughter.

William R. Creighton, with whom the history of the Seventh is
identified, was born in Pittsburgh, in June,lS37. At ten years old he
was placed in a shoe store where he remained two years and then was
placed for six months in a commercial college. From there he
entered a printing oflice, where he served an apprenticeship of four
years, and came to Cleveland, where he entered the Herald office,
remaining there, with the exception of a few months, until just
previous to the breaking out of the war.

In 1S5S, he became a member of the Cleveland Light Guards and
rose to become a lieutenant in that organization. He was a great
favorite with his fellow members of the company, and was not only a
genial companion, but an excellent disciplinarian. At the breaking
out of the war, he organized a company with the old Cleveland Liirlic
Guards as a nucleus, and soon had so many applications that his
company was full and a second company was organized. A thinl
company was also recruited. This was the beginning of the Seventh
Ohio.

On a beautiful Sunday morning, in May, 1861, the Seventh marched
through the streets of Cleveland, the first full regiment that had hit
the city, on the way to the railroad. The whole population turned
out to bid them farewell. The regiment went to Camp Dennison,

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 479

unarmed, without uniforms— except such uniforms as belonged to the
old independent organizations— and with but temporary regimental
organization. When but a few days in Camp Dennison, the call came
for three years troops, and the regiment, with but few exceptions,
volunteered for the three years service, with E. B. Tyler as Colonel,
and Wm. R. Creighton as Lieutenant Colonel. The places of those
who declined to enlist for three years were soon filled by fresh
recruits.

The regiment was ordered to West Virginia to take part in the
campaign to be opened there. Colonel Tyler had gone in advance,
and Lieutenant Colonel Creighton took the regiment to Clarksburg,
where he turned it over to his commanding officer. At Glenville he
again took command, drilling the men daily when in camp, and bring-
ing them into a high state of proficiency. Hard marching and many
privations were endured until the regiment reached Cross Lanes.

On the 21st of August orders were received to join General Cox, at
Gauley Bridge. The regiment, then under command of Colonel
Tyler, had reached Tw^enty-mile Creek when word was received that
the rebels, four thousand strong, were preparing to cross the river at
Cross Lanes, which the Seventh had so recently left. A counter-
march was ordered. About six miles from Cross Lanes the regiment
was attacked by an overwhelming force, and after a desperate tight
was broken, and compelled to retreat in two different directions, with
a loss of a hundred and twenty men in killed, wounded, and prisoners.
Creighton was among those who escaped.

The scattered companies re-united at Charleston, West Virginia,
where they remained waiting orders, and were in the meantime
thoroughly drilled by Lieutenant Colonel Creighton, who was in fact,
if not in title, the commanding officer of the regiment. An order
coming for five hundred picked men of the regiment to join in the
pursuit of Floyd, he was sent in command of the detachment, was
given the advance in the pursuit, and followed Floyd's trail hotly for
several days, marching on foot at the head of his men. Soon after
this Tyler became Brigadier General and Creighton was made Colonel
of his regiment, which was ordered to the East.

At Winchester, Creighton led his regiment, the tirst in the famous
charge of the Third Brigade, having a horse shot under him, and then
' fighting on foot with a musket, among his men, until the time came
to assume the position of commanding officer again. In the march to
Fredricksburgh and the return to the Valley he shared every priva-
tion and hardship the men were obliged to encounter, always retus-

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480 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

ing to take advantage of his privileges as an oiRcer. He endeavored
to procure every needful comfort for his men, but when they were
barefooted and hungry he shared his stores with them, and fouglit
and marched on foot with them. At Port Eepublic he headed his
regiment in five desperate charges, in each of them driving the
enemy. In the battle of Cedar ^Mountain Creighton handled his
regiment with a dexterity that told fearfully on the ranks of the
enemy. He was finally severely wounded, and compelled to leave
the field. In doing so, he kept his face to the foe, saying that "no
rebel ever saw his back in battle ; and never would." He was taken
to Washington, where the bullet was extracted from his side, which
was an exceedingly painful operation. Soon after this he came to his
home ; but while still carrying his arm in a sling, he reported to his
regiment. While at home the battle of Antietam was fought, which
was the only one in which he failed to participate. Soon after his
return, the aff"air at Dumfries occurred, where, through his ingenuity
and skill, Hampton's cavalry command was defeated by a mere hand-
ful of men. For this he was publicly thanked by Generals Slocum
and Geary. He took part in the battle of Chancellorsville, where he
won new laurels. It is said that being ordered by General Hooker to
fall back, he refused to do so until able to bring Knapp's Battery
safely to the rear; for which disobedience of orders he was recom-
mended for promotion. This battery was from his native city, and in
it be had many friends. Next he was at Gettysburg, where he fought
with his accustomed valor. He was also at Lookout Mountain and
Mission Ridge, in " Hooker's battle above the clouds."

After this battle came the pursuit of Bragg, whose rear-guard was
overtaken at Ringgold, Georgia, where it was securely posted on the
top of Taylors Ridge — a naked eminence. It was madness to under-
take to drive them from this hill, without the use of artillery to cover
the assault ; but in the excitement of the moment the order was
given. In this assault Creighton commanded a brigade. Forming
his command he made a speech. "Boys,"' said he, "we are ordered
to take that hill. I want to see you walk right up it.'' After this
characteristic speech, he led his men up the hill. It soon became
impossible to advance against the terrible fire by which they were
met; he therefore led them into a ravine, but the rebels poured siirli
a fire into it from all sides, that the command was driven back.
Reaching a fence, Creighton stopped, and facing the foe, waited for
his command to reach the opposite side. While in this position lie
fell, pierced through the body with a rifle bullet. His last words

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 481

were : " Oh, my dear wife I" and he expired almost immediately. The
brigade now fell rapidly back, carrying the remains of its idolized
commander with it.

Lieutenant Colonel Crane fell in the same fight and but just after
Creighton fell.

The bodies were taken to the rear and sent to Cleveland, where
they were given such a reception and funeral as had never been
witnessed in Cleveland before, or after. The whole city was in
mourning, and after lying in state in Council Hall, to be visited by
thousands, the mortal remains of the dead heroes were borne, amid
the firing of minute guns, the tolling of bells, and the solemn dirges
of the band, to their last resting place in Woodland cemetry.

Colonel Creighton was killed on November 2Tth, 1S63, in the
twenty- seventh year of his age.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL ORRIN J. CRANE

Orrin J. Crane was born in Troy, New York, in 1829. When he
was three years old his parents removed to Vermont, where his father
died soon after, leaving his wife and children poorly provided for.
Young Crane was taken, whilst still a small boy, by an uncle, and
about the year 1852, he came in charge of his relative to Conneaut,
where he worked as a mechanic. He left Conneaut at one time lor
the Isthmus of Panama, where he spent a year, and on returning
found work as a ship carpenter in Cleveland, where he became
connected with one of the military organizations of the city.

At the fall of Sumter he entered the service as first-lieutenant in
Captain Creighton's company; and on liis promotion, was made
captain. He early devoted himself to the instruction of his company;
and it can be said that it lost nothing of the efficiency it acquired
under the leadership of Creighton.

After the regiment entered the field, his services were invaluable.
If a bridge was to be constructed, or a road repaired, he was sent lor
to superintend it. If the commissary department became reduced, lie
was the one to procure supplies. No undertaking was too arduous

31

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482 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

for his iron-will to brave. All relied on him with the utmost confi-
dence, and no one was ever disappointed in him.

At the aiTair at Cross Lanes, where he first came under lire, he
behaved with great valor, and inspired his men with, true courage.
They stood like a wall, and tell back only when ordered by tlieir
leader, then dashed through the strong lines of the enemy, and were
brought oft' with safety out of what was seemingly certain destruction.
He kept his men well together during the long march to Gauley
Bridge.

After his arrival at that point he was sent out to the front, up New
Kiver, where he rendered valuable service. He was in every march
and skirmish in both \Yestern and Eastern Virginia, until the battle
of Winchester. In this engagement he showed the same indomitable
courage. He held his men to the work of carnage so fearfully, that
the enemy's slain almost equalled his command.

He shared in every battle in which his regiment was engaged in
the East; Port Republic, Cedar Mountain (where he was slightly
wounded), Antietam, Dumfries, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.
In all of these he never sent his men forward ; he led them on.

At the battle of Antietam, he commanded the regiment, and
during the latter part of the engagement, a brigade, before the
regiment left for the West, he was made lieutenant-colonel ; a position
which his ability and long, as well as faithful, service of his country
rendered him eminently qualified to fill.

Arriving at the West, he commanded the regiment in the battles
of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, where he added new laurels
to his already imperishable name. At fatal Ringgold, he again
commanded the regiment. He led it up the steep ascent, where the
whistling of bullets made the air musical; and where men dropped so
quietly that they v»'ere scarcely missed, except in the thinned ranks
of the command. The regiment had not recovered from the shock
produced by the announcement of the death of Creighton, when
Crane himself fell dead at the feet of his comrades, pierced through
the forhead by a rifte bullet. He fell so far in the advance, that his
men were driven back before possessing themselves of his body
but it was soon after recovered, and shared with the remains of
Colonel Creighton the honors of a public funeral.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. ' 483

OTHER MILITARY MEN OF CLEVELAND-

In selecting the five subjects for the foregoing military biograph-
ical sketches it was not intended to single them out as all that were
worthy of mention for their services. There are numerous otliers
deserving a place, but the materials for full biographical sketches
were wanting for most of them, and it was thought best, therefore, to
confine the separate sketches to those military men who, for one
reason or another, have come to be considered the representative
men in the military history of the city. We add here brief mention
of a few others, from such material as is in our posession, and must
then, doubtless, omit many equally worthy a place.

Brevet Brigadier Russell Hastings, though not entering the army
from Cleveland, is now a resident of the city and holds the position
of United States Marshal. He was commissioned Second Lieutenant
in the 23rd Ohio Infantry, commanded at iirst by Major-General
Rosecrans and subsequently by General Hayes, rose by regular
promotion to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and was subsequently made
Brevet Brigadier General " for gallant and meretorious services at
the battle of Opequan, Virginia." General Hastings was permanently
disabled by a bullet wound in the leg.

Brevet Brigadier Robert L. Kimberly was on the editorial staff of
the Cleveland Herald when he joined the -tlst Ohio Infantry, as
Second Lieutenant under Colonel Hazen, was rapidly promoted to
Major, m which rank he had charge of his regiment during the
greater part of the time, and sometimes acting as brigade commander.
He was made Lieutenant Colonel January 1, 1S65, and Colonel of the
191st Ohio Infantry in the succeeding March. He participated with
distinction in several engagements, and for these services was
breveted Brigadier General.

Brigadier General Oliver H. Payne was commissioned Colonel of
the 121th Ohio Infantry January 1, 1S63. His regiment was dis-
tinguished for its discipline and for the care taken of the men by
Colonel Payne and Lieutenant Colonel James Pickands, and also for
its gallant services under those leaders. At Chickamauga Colonel
Payne was wounded and, being unable to rejoin his regiment,

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484 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

resigned his position in November, 1864:. He was subsequently
breveted Brigadier General for meritorious services.

Among those who distinguished themselves in the service, but
who stopped short of the rank of those mentioned above, may be
mentioned Major James B, Hampson, who commanded the Cleveland
Grays in the three years' organization of the 1st Ohio Infantry, and
subsequently was Major of the 121th Ohio. Lieutenant Colonel
James T. Sterling, who commenced his military career as company
commander in the 7th Ohio Infantry and subsequently became
Lieutenant Colonel of the 103rd Ohio, from which position he was
appointed Inspector General on the stafl' of General Cox. Captain
Joseph B. Molyneaux, who served with gallantry in the 7th Ohio
Infantry. Captain Mervin Clark, the fearless " boy officer" of the
same regiment, who braved death on every occasion, and fell, colors
in hand, when leading a forlorn hope over a rebel work at Franklin.
Lieutenant Colonel Frank Lynch, of the 27th Ohio Infantry. Lieu-
tenant Colonel G. S. Mygatt, of the 41st Ohio Infantry, who died of
disease contracted in serving his country. Major J. H. Williston, of
the same regiment. Captains G. L. Childs, Alfred P. Girty, and G. L.
Heaton, of the 67th Ohio Infantry. Lieutenant Colonel John N.
Frazee, of the 84th and 150th Ohio Infantry. Lieutenant Colonel H.
S. Pickands, of the 103rd Ohio Infantry, and Colonel James Pickands,
of the 124th Ohio, who reached their positions by active service in
various ranks throughout the war. Captain Isaac C. Yail, of the 103rd
Ohio Infantry, who died in service. Major George Arnold of the
107th Ohio Infantry, (German,) who fought with great gallantry. Sur-
geon C. A. Hartman, whose skill as a surgeon was fully equalled by
his valor as a soldier, and who, unable to content himself as a non-
combatant, engaged in the thickest of the fight at Winchester and
was killed in the terrible slaughter the regiment experienced.
Captain Wm. C. Bunts, of the 125th Ohio Infantry. Lieutenant
Colonel E. A. Scovill, of the 12Sth Ohio Infantry, rendered important
service in charge of the internal afiairs of the great prison for the
rebels on Johnson's Island. Major Junius R. Sanford was in service
in this regiment. Lieutenant Colonel George L, Hayward, of the
129th Ohio Infantry, had seen active service as company commander
in the 1st Ohio Infantry. In the Cavalry service Cleveland furnished
among other leading regimental officers Colonel Charles Doubleday,
Lieutenant Colonel G. G. Minor, Major Albert Barnitz, now in the
United States service. Major L. C. Thayer, who died soon after his
leaving the service, and Major J. F. Herrick. To the Artillery

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00

ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 485

service, in addition to General Barnett and Lieutenant Colonel
Hayward, Cleveland contributed Lieutenant Colonel "Walter E. Law-
rence, who declined promotion and died deeply regretted by his
comrades in arms and by a host of warm friends at home. Major
Seymour Kace, who ably assisted in the organization of the regiment,
and left Camp Dennison January 10, 1862, with two batteries and
reported to General Buell at Louisville ; had command of the camp at
the Fair Grounds, composed of seven batteries from Ohio, Indiana
and Wisconsin; left Louisville February 10, with three batteries on
steamers, and reported to General Nelson at the mouth of Salt River,
accompanying him to Nashville ; was Chief of Artillery of General
T. J. Wood's Division at Pittsburgh Landing and the siege of Corinth,
and continued in that position in the division through Northern
Alabama and back to Louisville ; participated in the battles of
Perryville and Stone River; was highly commended by his Division
commander for valuable services in all these actions ; and was also in
command of the fortifications at Nashville for about five months ;
Major Warren P. Edgerton, Major W. F. Goodspeed, Assistant
Surgeon Charles E. Ames, Captains Wm. A. Standart, Louis Heck-
man, Norman A. Baldwin, Joseph C. Shields, Frank Wilson, Louis
Smithnight, William Backus, and a long list of Lieutenants. From
the fact that the Cleveland Light Artillery organization was the
origin of the Light Artillery service of the State, and that the
Artillery had long been popular in the city, the 0.hio Light Artillery
service in the war was very largely officered and heavily recruited
from Cleveland. In the 5th U. S. Colored Infantry, officered by white
soldiers of Ohio, Gustave W. Fahrion, who had done good service in
an Ohio regiment, was appointed Captain, and did hard service with
his men in Virginia and North Carolina.

■I IT)'?':

JoiirnalisiTL.

(^ ^^T \Yould require m(jre space than can be given here lo merely enir.iurate
"^.y^^ i\^Q different news]iaper ventures that have been set atioat in C'levelund,

^t^Sk' some to dis^appear almost as soou as launched, others to buffet the
waves for a few months, or even years, and then to pass away and be forgotten.
In the davs when nothing more was required to start a newspaper than a few
pounds of type and a hand press, or credit with the owner of a press, new
iournals appeared and disappeared with great rapidity. Even now, when it is
hopeless to think of attempting the establishment of a journal without first
sinkin cr a large capital, there are people ventures^ime enough to try the experi-
ment of starting a newspaper upon little or nothing. The end of such experiments
is always the same.

TLe fijst newspaper issued in Cleveland was the Cleveland Gazette and
Commereial Eegister, commenced July 31, 1818. It was ostensibly a weekly
publication, but the difficulty of procuring paper with the desired regularity, and
other untoward circumstances, sometimes caused a lapse of ten, fourteen, and
3ven more days between each issue. In October, 1819, the Cleveland Herald was
started as a weekly, by Z. Willes & Co.

In the Summer of 18:3(), the Daily Gazette was issued. This ran until March
22, 1837, when its owner, Charles Whittlesey, united it with the Herald, under
the name of the Daily Herald and Gazette, the new firm being Whittlesey &,
Hull, and after a few days Whittlesey & J. A. Harris. The Gazette title was
subsequently dropped, and that of the Herald preserved, Mr. Harris being the s-'ole
proprietor and editor. Messrs. W. J. May, A. W. Fairbanks, G. A. Benedict and
John Coon were at different times added to the firm, Mr. May and Coon after-

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488 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

wards retiring, and beiu*,' followed after some yeurs by Mr. Harris, who was the
veteran editor of the city. Tho Henild is now the oldest paper in the city, and
the oldest daily iu Northern Oliio. It was always Wliig or Republican in politics.

The Cleveland Plain Dealer Avas tlie natural successor of the Cleveland Daily
Advertiser, a Democratic jiaper i)ublished about a third of a century since, by
Canfield & Spencer. The Plain Dealer was owned and edited from its start by
J. W. (iray, who made it a sharp and spicy journal. His declining health
compelled him to take less interest in his paper, which soon lost prestige, and
having gone into incompetent hands after Mr. Gray's death, it was before long
compelled^ to suspend. Being jmrchased, after a short suspension, by Mr. Arm-
strong, it was rtsucitated, and is at present, under the ownership and management
of Messrs. Armstrong & Green, a successful enterprise.

The Leader dates its origin on one side to the True Democrat, an Indepen-
dent Free Soil paper, dating back over twenty years, and on the other to the
Daily Forest City, a "Silver Gray Whig," started about 1852, by Joseph and
James Medill. After some coquetting an alliance was formed between the two
papers, and the name of Forest City Democrat adopted for the consolidated ])aper
which was afterwards changed to the Leader. None of those connected with
either of the original papers are now connected with the Leader. Of those who
became the publishers of the latter paper Mr. E. Cowles retains his connection
and is the largest proprietor.

The German Wiichter am Erie completes the list of regular daily papers now
published in Cleveland. The Herald is published morning and evenimr, there
being two editions of the evening issue. The Leader is issued in the morning
with an evening edition under the name of the News. The Plain Dealer pub-
lishes two editions in the afternoon, and the Wiichter am Erie one afternoon
edition.

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 489

A. W. FAIRBANKS.

A. \V, Fairbanks, the senior proprietor of the Cleveland Herald,
was born March 4, 1817, in Cornish, now Claremont, Sullivan county,
New Hampshire. When twelve years old he entered a printing office
in Waterford, Saratoga county, New York, with the purpose of learn-
ing the business. In those days it was held necessary to serve a
regular apprenticeship as a preliminary to becoming a journeyman
printer, and the apprentice had to pass through an ordeal to which
the learner of the present day is a total stranger. There were then
no machine presses out of the city of New York, nor rollers for
inking. The types were inked by dabbing with buckskin balls, as
had been done since the invention of printing. Rollers were, how-
ever, introduced within a short time of our young apprentice entering
on his course of education as a printer.

The office in which he worked, owned by a man named Johnson,
was for book and job printing, thus affording the apprentice an
opportunity of acquiring a more extensive and varied knowledge of
the business than could have been acquired in a newspaper office.
He had a taste for the life on which he had entered, and soon made
rapid headway in obtaining a knowledge of the " art preservative of
all arts." He remained in the same office until it was discontinued-
He afterwards went to Schenectady, Ballston, Spa, and Troy, follow-
ing the fortunes of the man he was apprenticed to, before tinishing
his trade. His first situation, as a journeyman, was in Rochester, New
York.

In 1S36, he removed from Rochester to Michigan, then a territory,
and assumed charge of the job department of the Detroit Adver-
tiser. In this position he remained for a year, when he was
induced to remove to Toledo.

Some time previously an attempt had been made to estal)lis}i the
Toledo Blade as a newspaper. The town was young, and though
giving promise of vigorous growth, was yet unable to make such a
newspaper enterprise an assured success. About fifty numbers were
issued, under several ownerships, and then the enterprise sank,
apparently to rise no more. Mr. Fairbanks saw his opportunity and
availed himself of it. Possessing himself of what remained of the

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490 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

Blade establishment, he announced its revival, got up and got out
the first number himself, working it off on a hand pre<s, and
announced to the public that the Blade had this time "come to stay."
In spite of dillicuUies and discouragements he persisted in the work
he had undertaken, and in a short time had secured for the paper a
good circulation. There was in the office scarcely enough type to
get out a single issue; there was no imposing stone on which to make
up the forms, and but one press to do all the work of the office. Mr.
Fairbanks worked diligently with brain and hands, wrote matter for
the Blade, managed its mechanical details, and at the same time
spent time, labor, and money in enlarging the capabilities of the
office and building uj) a valuable job-printing business. In fourteen
years he built up out of nothing, or next to nothing, a newspaper
with a profitable circulation and a wide reputation, a job office
admitted to be one of the most complete in the State, having five
presses and material abundant in quantity and unsurpassed in
quality. The office had made money every year since his connection
with it, except in ISiO, when he gave all his labor to the Harrison
campaign.

In 1850, Mr. Fairbanks left Toledo for Cleveland, and became
connected with the Cleveland Herald, then edited by J. A. Harris
and W. J. May. He found the establishment without a press, the
newspaper being printed on the press of M. C. Younglove, under a
contract, giving him twelve and a half cents per token, Mr. Young-
love having the onh^ steam press in the city. Land was purchased
on Bank street and the present Herald building erected. The entire
book and job office of Mr. Younglove was purchased, a Hoe cylinder
press for working the Herald purchased, and the establishment
placed on a footing for doing a greatly enlarged and constantly
increasing business. Additional and imj^roved facilities were fur-
nished yearly, to keep pace with the rapidly increasing demands,
the single cylinder newspaper press was changed for a double cylin-
der, and that had been running but a short time when it proved
insufficient for the rapid increase of circulation, and its place was
taken by a four cylinder, which remains the only press of the kind in
Ohio outside of Cincinnati, and which is capable of running off ten
thousand impressions per hour. From a small part of the building
this establishment grew until it crowded out all other occupants;
then the building itself was altered so as to economise room, and
finally additions made, doubling its size, the whole of the space being
immediately filled with material, presses and machinery containing

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 491

the latest improvements. From an entire valuation of six thousand
dollars the establishment has reached an inventory value of about a
hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; and from a newsi^aper without a
press it has grown to an otRce with ten steam presses, a mammoth
four-cylinder, and a large building crowded full with the best
machinery and material required in a first-class printing office, giving
employment to ninety-five men, women and boys, and sending out
the Morning Herald and two regular editions of the Daily Herald,
every day, except Sunday, besides a Tri- Weekly Herald and Weekly
Herald.

The entire mechanical details of the establishment have, from his
first connection with the office, been under the control of Mr. Fair-
banks, and he feels a just pride in the perfection to which these
details have been brought. His heart is in his profession, and it is
his constant study. No improvement in it escapes his observation,
and he is ever on the alert to avail himself of everything promising
to increase the efficiency of his establishment. It is a noticeable fact,
that the Herald has never missed a daily issue, although at times
during the war the scarcity of paper was so great that the issue of
the Morning Herald, then but a recent venture, had to be suspended
for a day or two.

The firm, which, when Mr. Fairbanks became connected with it,
was Harris, Fairbanks & Co., is now Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., Mr.
Fairbanks being the only member of the original firm yet connected
with the concern.

J. w. GRAY

J. W. Gray was born in the village of Bradport, Addison county,
Vermont, on the 5th of August, 1S13. When only two years of age
his parents removed to Madrid, St. Lawrence county. New York,
where his early life was passed, receiving such meagre education as
those early days afforded, during the Winter months, to farmer lads.
He afterwards became a pupil in the Institutes at Potsdam and
Governeur, founded by the New York State Association for Teachers^

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492 CLEVELAND, I' A ST AND PRESENT:

where he made rapid progress, his mind, naturally fond of study-
grasping knowledge intuitively. His scholastic career terminated
here, the pecuniary means being wanting to enable him to prosecute
a collegiate course, and he was soon after launched upon the world
to carve, with nothing but his own right arm and resolute will, the
future high public and social position he subsequently attained.

In 1S36, he came to Cleveland, then, though recently incorporated
as a city, in reality but a flourishing village, and was soon engaged
as a teacher in one of the public schools, the old Academy, on St.
Clair street, being the scene of his first labors. He continued here
but two or three terms, when a more advantageous position was
offered him as instructor of a district school in Geauga county, to
which he repaired and where he continued about a year. On his
return to the city, having fitted himself in part previously, he entered
the office of Hon. H. B. Payne and U. S. Judge Willson, who were
then associated under the law firm of Payne & Willson, and after a
little over a year under their preceptorship, during which time his
remarkable talents attracted the attention of many, he was admitted
to the bar, and almost immediately after receiving his diploma
commenced the practice of his profession. He soon formed a law
connection which led him to the State of Michigan, where, however
he remained but a short time.

On January 1st, 1S42, in connection with his brother, A. N. Gray,
he purchased the Cleveland Advertiser, which he converted into the
Cleveland Plain Dealer.

In July, 1S45, the firm of A. N. & J. W. Gray was dissolved, the
latter becoming sole proprietor and editor. The bold, poignant and
dashing talents he brought to bear, soon made the Plain Dealer
widely known as a political journal and placed its editor among the
foremost men of his party in the State. In 1853, he received the
appointment of post master of Cleveland from President Pierce, which
position he continued to hold till the Summer of 1S5S, wlien, owing to
his refusal to advocate the infamous Lecompton constitution of Mr.
Buchanan, he was beheaded with the scores of other martyrs who
remained true to Senator Douglas and the constitutional rights and
liberties of the people.

In 1S58, he received the Democratic nomination for Congress
against Hon. B. F. Wade, his successful competitor. In 1S60, he was
chosen, with Hon. H. B. Payne, delegate from this district to the
Charleston-Baltimore convention where he labored with untiring
devotion for the nomination of Judge Douglas. When the revolt

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 493

was raised by the traitorous Soutli, he rallied at once to the suj^port
of the constitution and Union, and, following the example of Douglas^
buried the partizan in the noble struggle of the patriot for the
preservation of the liberties of the country.

Of the Silas Wright school of politics, he labored during his
editorial career of over twenty years, for his cherished principles.
The friend of Mr. Pierce, he was the beloved and confidential exjio-
nent of the great Douglas. No man possessed the friendship and
esteem of the Illinois statesman in a larger degree than did Mr. Gray.
The Plain Dealer was Mr. Douglas' recognized organ — more so than
any other paper published in the country, and the close intimacy
which existed between them was never interrupted, and continued
to the hour of that statesman's death.

Mr. Gray died May 26, 1SG2. He had been feeble for a few days
previouslj^ and for a day or two before his death had not left the
house, yet nothing serious was apprehended by his family or physi-
cians, and though the nature of his illness was such as to have long
made him an invalid, the hope was firmly entertained that he would
regain his general health. On the morning of the day of his death.
however, paralysis seized his heart and lungs, soon depriving him of
speech, and nnder which he rapidly, but gently, sank away and died
at lifteen minutes past two of the same day.

His life affords another example to the rising young men of the
day, of the power of will to triumph over all obstacles, when to
indefatigable industry are added those exemplary virtues, strict integ-
rity and temperance.

GEORGE A. BENEDICT.

George A. Benedict, of the printing and publishing firm of
Fairbanks, Benedict tt Co., and editor-in-chief of the Cleveland
Herald, is a native of Jefferson county, New York, having been ]>orn
in Watertown, August 5, 1S13. Mr. Benedict was well educated and
in due course entered Yale College, from which he has received the
degree of A. B.

When eighteen years old he commenced the study of law with
Judge Robert Lansing, in Watertown, finishing his legal education in

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494 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

the office of Sterling & Bronson. He was admitted to practice in
New York, and immediately thereafter, in 1S35, removed to Ohio,
taking up his residence in Cleveland. Here he entered the office of
Andrews d: Foot and subsequently of that of John W. Allen, being
admitted to practice in the Ohio Courts in the year 1836.

As soon as admitted to the Ohio Bar a partnership was formed
with John Erwin, under the name of Erwin d: Benedict ; this arrange-
ment continued three years. On its dissolution Mr, Benedict formed
a partnership with James K. Hitchcock, the firm of Benedict &
Hitchcock continuing until 1848, when Mr. Benedict was appointed
Clerk of the Superior Court, Judge Andrews being the Judge. With
the adoption of the new constitution of the State this court became
extinct.

Immediately after the termination of his duties as Clerk of the
Superior Court, 3Ir. Benedict purchased an interest in the Herald
establishment, and became co-partner with Messrs. J. A. Harris
and A. W. Fairbanks. The subsequent retirement of Mr. Harris from
editorial life left Mr. Benedict as editor-in-chief of that paper, a posi-
tion he has from that time retained.

In 1843, Mr. Benedict was a member of the City Council, and
president of that body. For one term previous to that time Mr^
Benedict was city attorney.

In August, 1865, Post-master General Denuison, of Ohio, tendered
to Mr. Benedict the office of Postmaster of Cleveland. The appoint-
ment was accepted, and at this writing, 1869, he still holds the office.

Mr. Benedict is impulsive in temperament, but his impulses are
more of a friendly than unkindly character. He is warm-hearted,
quick to forgive a wrong atoned for, and still quicker to apologize
for and atone an injury done to others. In nearly a score of years
editing a newspaper he has never intentionally done injustice to any
man, no matter what differences of opinion might exist, and has
never knowingly allowed the columns of his newspaper to be the
vehicle of private spite. Nor has he ever refused any one, fancying
himself aggrieved, the privilege of setting himself right in a proper
manner in the same columns in which the alleged injury was inflicted.
He has the genuine and unforced respect and esteem of those
employed by him, for his treatment of them has always been kind
and considerate, and although no newspaper conductor can possibly
avoid creating prejudice and temporary ill-feeling. Mr. Benedict
has probably no real enemy, whilst among those who best know
him he has none but warm friends.

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• ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 495

In addition to his editorial abilities, Mr. Benedict is one of the few
really good writers of an occasional newspaper letter, and in his
journeyings from home his letters to the Herald are looked for with
interest and read with keen relish.

Mr. Benedict was married June, 1S39, to Miss Sarah R. Rathbone,
of Brownsville, Jefferson county, New York, and has three children,
the oldest, George S. Benedict, being one of the proprietors and in
the active business management of the Herald.

J. H. A. BONE

John H. A. Bone is a native of Cornwall, England, having been
born in that county October 31, 1830. He received a good education,
being first intended for the army, but an accident having permanently
crippled his right arm, that purpose had to be abandoned. He
resided awdiile in London and Liverpool, during which time he was
connected with the press of those cities, and contributed to periodi-
cals. Having married in his native place, he left England in the
Autumn of 1851, for the United States, and after a brief stay in New
York, arrived in Cleveland in October of that year.

Early in the Spring of 1857, he joined the editorial staff of
the Cleveland Herald, to the columns of which he had for some
years previous been a frequent contributor. At the same time he had
contributed to the pages of the Knickerbocker Magazine, Godey,
Reterson's, the Boston Carpet Bag, then conducted by B. R. Shillaber
("Mrs. Rartington,") and G. C. Halpine ("Miles O'Reilly,) and other
literary papers of Boston, New York and Rhiladelphia, as well as to a
Cleveland magazine, the New American Monthly, and was a regular
contributor to the Cincinnati Vew and Pencil, a handsome weekly
magazine of more than ordinary merit that was run for some time
under the editorsliip of \V. W. Warden.

Mr. Bone, on joining the Herald, took charge of its commercial,
local, amusements and literary departments. As the business ot the
paper increased he resigned those departments, one after another, to
others, and on the retirement of Mr. Harris, transferred his labors
to the leading editorial department, retaining charge ol the literary
department also.

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y:"3i:-? !.■'({ 'yd.) 'lev t;;^'!!;!!'; :i.f?i0M;!t>'i Jiitii!:.!:!.;^!^!; i'.ri-V

496 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT:

In addition to his daily duties on the Herald, Mr. Bone has found
time to furnish papers to the Atlantic Monthly on matters of schol-
arly interest and historical importance, has for the past three years
been on the regular staiT of Our Young Folks, contributing to it a
number of historical articles, prepared with much care and research,
and is an occasional contributor to other periodicals.

Mr. Bone published, about sixteen years ago, a small volume of
poems, mostly written in boyhood. His after verses, of various
characters, are scattered through newspapers and magazines and
have never been collected. With the exception of a few political
squibs, he has for some years abandoned verse. A work on the oil
regions was issued in 1S64, and a second, enlarged edition, was
published in Philadelphia, in 1865.

Aside from his professional duties as a journalist and the fulfilment
of his engagements as a magazine writer, Mr. Bone's literary tastes
are chiefly with the older works of English literature. He is a close
student of what is known as Early English, delighting in his inters'als
of leisure to pick from the quaint and curious relics of the earliest
English literature bits of evidence that serve to throw some light on
the actual social and intellectual condition of our English ancestors
four or five centuries ago. He has been for years, and still is, con-
nected with English literary societies for the bringing to light and
publishing for the use of the members, unpublished documents of
historical and literary value. Of what is know as Eiizabethean
literature he has been a diligent student. At present he is connected
with the management of the Cleveland Library Association and
Western Reserve Historical Society.

' ' I f! Jf *^- '■■ '

WILLIAM W. ARMSTRONG.

William W. Armstrong, one of the present proprietors of the
Cleveland Plain Dealer, is a native Buckeye, having been born in
New Lisbon, Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1S33. In his fifteenth year
he removed to Titfin, Seneca county, with the purpose of learning the
printing business. In 1852-3, he was appointed to the position of

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ITS REPRESENTATIVE MEN. 497

Registrar of the Bank Department in the State Treasurer's office at
Colunibiis. In 1S54, he returned to Tiffin and purchased the Seneca
County Advertiser, whicli lie made noticeable among the Democratic
papers of the State for its vigor and ability. He was recognized
among the Democrats of the State as one of their rising men, and in
1862, he was chosen as the Democratic candidate for Secretary of
State, and was elected.

In 1S(j5, having completed his term of office and returned to edito-
rial life, he purchased the material and good will of the Plain Dealer,
which had suspended publication, and set about bringing it back to
its old prosperity and position among the journals of the State. His
efforts were crowned with success. The reputation of the paper for
boldn?ss and ability, which had been affected by the death of its
founder, was restored, and the business knowledge and tact which
Mr. Armstrong brought to bear upon its management before long put
its affairs in a healthy state and established the journal on a good
paying basis. Although a strong partisan in politics, Mr. Armstrong
recognizes the importance of fairness and courtesy, and hence he has
the personal good will of his professional and business rivals as well
as associates.

In 1SG8, Mr. Armstrong was elected delegate at large to the
Democratic National Convention which nominated Horatio Seymour
for the Presidency

FREDERICK W. GREEN.

Frederick W. Green, the associate of Mr. Armstrong in the
proprietorship and editorship of the Plain Dealer, was born in
Fredericktown, Frederick county, Maryland, in 1S16. In 1S33, he
removed to Tiffin, Seneca county, Ohio. Becoming identiOed with
the Democratic party he was elected by that party Auditor of Seneca
county, and retained that position six years. In lb51, he was elected
to Congress from the Seneca district, and in ISoo, was re-elected. At
the close of his term he was appointed Clerk of the newly organized

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408 CLEVELAND, PAST AND PRESENT.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. In
this position he remained twelve years.

In 1867, he purchased an interest in the Thiin Dealer, and at once
entered upon editorial duties on that paper in connection with Mr.
Armstrong. Their joint labors have made the paper the Democratic
organ of Northern Ohio. Mr. Green, durini; his fourteen years
residence in Cleveland, has been reckoned among its most respectable
citizens, and possesses many warm friends irrespective of political
differences of opinion.

INDEX.

HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL.

HISTORY OF CLE^^:L.VXD,
TRADE AND COMMERCE, .

SHIP BnLDIN'G

THE BENCH AND BAR

EDUCATIONAL,

RAILROADING

THE COAL INTEREST

RELIGIOUS

MEDICAL

MANI'FACTURING, ..'....

TELEGRAPHY

CITY IMPROVEMENTS,.

MILITARY

JOURNAiiSM,

1

IT
157
171
257
2S3
321
^43
367
391
441
4.^3
465
487

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.
Those marked with an asterisk (*) are iUnstrated with portraits.

♦AiKHiN, S C

Adams, S. W

♦Allen-, J. W

*An"DREW8, S. J

•Abbet, G.N

Alcott. Leverett

Armstrong. W. W

Blatr, Johv

Barn'ett, Mela>xtiion.
Baldwin, Dudlev

B.ViDWI>f, NoRMAK C. ..

•BKADBrKX. Charles..

BEAF.rJLET, D. H

♦Bradley, Alya

Barr, Joun"

BiNOHA.M, Wm

Beckwith. T. 9

♦Baldwin. E. I

Brayton, H. F

*BoLTON, Thomas

Back.c.=<, F. T

♦Bishop, J. P

'are.

340

351

1ST

1S5

120

44

49»)

31

34

11

42

65

97
104
110
119
127
13(5
206
213
21T

♦Beckwith, D. H '^

♦Bocsfield, John •*0«

♦BrHUER, S

Barnett. James

420
4T2

Benedict. G. A ^•'•'^

♦Bone. J. H. A 1*"|

CcTTER. Orlando -^

♦Chapin. H. M "^

*CRITTE>rDEN, N. E '^-

♦Cooke, W. P '**

Cobb, J. B ^f*

COLWELL, A. G

♦Cannon, A. V

Childs. O. A

CoE, S. S '--^'^

CoE,C. W ^^i

♦Case, Leonard ^

♦coffixberrv, j. m

♦Collins. W

♦Case. William

♦Crawford, L ■.•

Cross, D. W

135

2C3
22T

32T

33S

ri:

,T>.

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INDEX

vtLGy..

CA=;SEr.^, J. L 3"»

♦Castle, W. B '''.m;

♦Chisholm, H ^'"i

*Clakk, M.B «1

c'rkiuiitox, \v. k -^'^

Crane. O.J ^^^

♦Dakhlek. David A 11"

*DoD.jK, 11. II -ilf^

DiCKMAN. F. J 24J

Delaii'vtek, Joirv 3T0

Edwai;ds. Wsi : IM

*Elt, Guop.GE n 311

EuRETT. Isaac •^'l

*FKEE:riJ, ANDKEW 2*'-"^

*FAK.Mi;f!, James 31'2

♦Faikbank*. aw 4.*t'

Garrkt?ox. IIiram 10"~

Gordon-, W. J Ill

*Gr>OT>p.icu, W. H 358

♦Garuck, TirEODATi's 375

Gkeen, F. W 4!'*

HiLI lAKD. RtCHARU IS

HiCKOS, Chapj-ES 52

*HAVDy, T. P 61

Hanxa, Kubert i''2

HCRLBL-T. IL B 121

*nOYT. J. M.... 210

*HcMi- TON-. R. F 2T«J

*HATiT, V,"ILLIAJI 402

*HrssEr. J. G 40S

*Haj.deman. L 42t;

Hat",v-ard, W. U 476

* JoHNsoy. Lev r 31

*Jenxe<s, B.W 132

*.JouN SON. S. VT 161

♦Jokes, James M 2^17

♦Kelley. Alfred 173

*Kelia, Mo<e^ 201

*KutTLAN-D, J. p. 372

Lyon, Rkuaji.t T 70

Letter, «. F i«

Long, David. 368

Lowman, Jacob 4:3o

MERT\-tN, NoBLi; n 30

*>Itgatt, Georof. — 5-1

MoRo AN. E. P 90

*McDermott. James 139

•'MARTiy. Joirs- 16c«

Mason-, Jaxes 222

♦MoRUi-, Da^td ... 3:33

*Myku.s. R. P 416

"McNaxrv, a. C 437

Mo-rii.ET, J. n 43S

♦Newberry J, S !i^)

Oris, William A S6

0x13, W. S. C 242

Othep. Military Men- 4S3

PER(vis-.-i. Joseph 122

PAOK.

*Peck, E,M !«■>

♦Palmer. C. W 225

♦Perkins, J AcoH 2<t:i

Phili'ot, William 324

♦Price, W.I :Mi

♦Qlayle. Tiiomah i*yi

♦Rnp.isoN, J. P 5.S

Raymond, S G->

REOINiiTON, J. A H5

Ranney, R. P 2:n

♦Rice, Karvey 261

♦Rhodes, D. P 3 9

Roti.se, Ben-.tamix 3i">-"i

Rockefeller, J. D 421

Scovill, PiiiLO 3:i

ScRANTox, Joel --6

♦Sheldon. S. IT 4!i

Sackett, Alexander 58

Scott, M. B 55

♦Sims, Elias 121

Severance, J, L 14»

♦Sanford. D 151

STRONf;, S. !M I'^S

Starkweather, Samiei l'"-"^

♦SHERJi AN. C. T 235

♦Sfalihng, R. P 237

♦Smtth, Anson 271

♦Stone. A.masa, Jr .•• 3(11

♦Stkeator. W. S 316

♦Seelye, T. T 3.-T

♦Stone. A. B 411

♦SCOFIELD, W. C 424

*STA>iER, Ansox 446

♦Stevexs. II. S 4.57

SCOWDEN, T. R 45!i

'S.vR<ir;NT. J. H 4»;2

Tov\"Nsexd, Amos 1 1''

TiLUEN, D. R 223

Thome. J. A -^"^

♦Thatcher. Peter 423

Weddell. p. M «>

WnrsLOW, Richard 46

White. Moses ^

Walton. T. A ••

* Worth iNOToN, George 80

Wick. EIenry 113

Warner. J. F 13-3

Wood, Retben IJ"2

Wn.LEY, John W 1*3

♦WiLL^oN, n V itw

♦Witt. Stillmax •3f^'^

WooLsox, C.J 400

Westlake. G 428

♦Wilson, W. G 4:i5

♦Wade. J. II 442

♦Whittlesey, C 468

YoLXuLove. M. C 419

■■:>r.

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