Full text of "Lege pentru organizarea comunelor urbane (Promulgată prin înaltul decret regal cu no. 2.898 din 23 iulie 1894 și publicată prin Monitorul oficial no. 96 din 31 iulie 1894) Cu toate modificările suferite până în prezent"

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Q 


«da 


5^' 


f/ef'/a^ /reU</e  ■   l^tf/uf/i. 


r 


RERUM  BRITANNICARUM  MEDII  ;EVI 

SCRIPTORES, 


OB 


CHRONICLES  AND  MEM0RIAL8  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 

AND  IRELAND 


DUBIKO 


THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 


ifCOO-'  ^ 


THE  CHBONICLES  AND  MEMOBIALS 

OP 

GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND 

DURING  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 

PUBLISIIED     lîY    THi:   ALTHOKlTy   OF    JIKR   MA.JKvSTY's    TKEAbUKY;    UM>LK 
TIIE    DIKECTION   OK   TllE   MASTKU   OF   THK   KOLLS. 


On  the  26th  of  January  1857,  the  Maater  of  the  Rolls 
sabmitted  to  the  Treasury  a  proposal  for  the  publication 
of  materials  for  the  History  of  this  Country  fpom  the 
Invasion  of  the  Eomans  to  the  Reîgn  of  Henry  VIII. 

The  Maşter  of  the  Rolls  suggested  that  these  materials 
should  be  selected  for  publication  under  competent  editors 
without  reference  to  periodical  or  chronological  arrange- 
ment,  without  mutilation  or  abridgment,  preference  being 
given,  in  the  first  instance,  to  such  materials  as  were  most 
scarce  and  yaluable. 

He  proposed  that  each  chronicle  or  historical  document 
to  be  edited  should  be  treated  in  the  same  way  as  if  the 
editcnr  were  engaged  on  an  Editio  Princeps ;  and  for  tliis 
purpose  the  most  correct  text  should  be  formed  from  an 
accurate  collation  of  the  best  MSS. 

To  render  the  work  more  generally  useful,  the  Maşter 
of  the  RoUs  suggested  that  the  editor  should  give  an 
account  of  the  MSS.  employed  by  him,  of  their  age  and 
their  peculiaritîes ;  that  he  should  add  to  the  work  a  brief 
account  of  the  life  and  times  of  the  author,  and  any 
remarks  necessary  to  explain  the  chronology ;  bi«t;iio  other 
note  or  comment  was  to  be  allowed,  except  what  .might 
be  necessary  to  establish  the  correctness  of  the  text. 

a  2 


The  works  to  be  published  în  octavo,  separately,  as 
they  were  finished ;  the  whole  responsibility  of  the  task 
resting  upon  the  editors,  who  were  to  be  chosen  by  the 
Maşter  of  the  RoUs  with  the  sanctîon  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Lords  of  Her  Majesty's  Treasury,  after  a  carefid 
consideration  of  the  subject,  expressed  theîr  opinion  in  a 
Treasury  Minute,  dated  February  9, 1857,  that  the  plan 
recommended  by  the  Maşter  of  the  RoUs  "was  well 
calculated  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  important 
naţional  object,  in  an  eflfectual  and  satisfactory  manner, 
within  a  reasonable  time,  and  provided  proper  attention  be 
paid  to  economy,  in  making  the  detailed  arrangements, 
without  unnecessary  expense." 

They  expressed  their  approbation  of  the  proposal  that 
each  chronicle  and  historical  document  should  be  edited 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  represent  with  all  possible  correct- 
ness  the  text  of  each  writer,  derived  from  a  collation  of  the 
best  MSS.,  and  that  no  notes  should  be  added,  except 
such  as  were  iUustrative  of  the  various  readings.  They 
suggested,  however,  that  the  preface  to  each  work  should 
contain,  ia  addition  to  the  particulars  proposed  by  the 
Maşter  of  the  Rolls,  a  biographical  account  of  the  author, 
so  far  as  authentic  materials  existed  for  that  purpose, 
and  an  estimate  of  his  historical  credibUity  and  value. 

£olls  Ilouse, 

December  1857. 


co7;at)h  •scce-ohel  v.e  T:c:llcci6h. 


THE 


WAE  OF  THE  GÂEDHIL  WITH  THE  GÂILL 


■r 


Specimiîn  of  Uif-  MS.L.ffiook  of  Lemsler) 


Oiţl  Sm-iisaiiei)  Luli 


THE 


WAE  OP  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAIIL, 


OR 


THE  INVASIONS  OF  IRELAND  BT  THE  DANES 

AND  OTHER  NORSEMEN. 

THE  ORIGINAL  IRISH  TEXT, 


KDITKD,    WITH 


TRANSLATION  AND  INTEODUCTION, 


BY 

JAMES  HENTHORN  TODD,  D.D.,  M.R.I.A.,  F.S.A., 

SKXIOB  rSLLOW  OP  TRINITV  COLLBOB,  RBOIUB  PROPBSftOR  Of  HBBRKW  IN  THB  DKITSRBITY, 
AXD  PRMCKmOK  Of  ST.  PATRICK'S  CATHBDRAL,  DUBUK. 


PUBLISIIEB  BT  THE  ÂUTHOBITT  OF  THE  LOBDS  C0MMISSI0NEB8  07  HBB  MAJESTT's 
TBBASXTBT,  UNDEB  THB  PIBECTION  OF  THE  UA8TEB  OF  THE  BOLLS. 


LONDON: 
LONGMANS,  GREEN,  READER,  AND  DYER. 

1867. 


3  O  JUL  1960 

OFOXFCRD 


DVBLm:  PRINTED  BT  ALBXAKDEB  THOM,  87  &  88,  ABBBT-STREET, 
FO&  HER  MAJRSTT*8  8TÂTIONEBT  OFFICE. 


CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCnON—  "^^ 

Descriptiok  of  THE  Manuscripts  used  in  formino 

THE  Irish  Text  of  the  present  Work,  .         ix 

The  Author,  and  Aoe  of  the  Work,       .  xix 

Stjmhart  of  the  Contents  of  the  Work,  with  Topo- 
oraphical  and  historical  explanations  of  the 
Text,  ........  xxviii 

THE  WAR  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL,  OR 
THE  INVASIONS  OF  IRELAND  BY  THE  DANES 
AND  NORSEMEN, 1 

Appendix  (A).  The  Fragment  of  this  Work  preserved  in  the 

BooK  OF  Leinbter, 221 

Appendix  (B).    Chronologt  and  Genealoot  of  the  Kingb  of 

MUNSTER   AND    OF    IrELAND,    DURINQ    THE    PERIOD    OF    THE 
SCANDINAVIAN  InVASIONS, 235 

Table  I.  Kings  of  Ireland  descended  from  the  Northern 

Hj  Neill  (Cinei  Eoghain  Branch),        ...       245 

Table  II.  Kings  of  Ireland  descended  from  the  Southern 
Hy  Neill  (the  Clann  Colmâin  of  Meath,  and  the 
Clann  Aodha  Slaine), 246 

Table  III.  Genealogj  of  the  Dai  C^,  247 

Table  IY.  Showing  the  Desoent  of  Maelmuadh  (or 
M0II07),  Lord  of  Desmond,  and  hia  relationship 
to  Brian  and  Mathgamhain,  ....       248 

Table  Y.    Showing  the    Descent  of  the  Family  of 

0*Donnabhain  (or  O'Donovan),    ....       249 


VI  CONTENTS. 

Page 

Appendix  (C).    Maelseachlainn's  Description  of  THE  Battle 

OF  Clontarf,  from  THE  Brussels  MS.,      ....       250 

Appendix  (D).     Genealogy  of  the  Scandinavian  Chieftains 

NAMED  AS  LeADERS  OF  THE  InVASIONS  OF  IrELAND,        .  .         263 

Table  VI.  Genealogy  (A)  of  Olaf  the  White,  King  of 
Dublin,  and  (B)  of  Gonno  Gamle,  called  by  the 
IrishToniar, 264 

Table  VII.  Genealogy  of  the  Hy  Ivar,  or  Descendants 

ofivar, 268 

(A)  Limerick  Branch,      .         .         .         .         .271 

(B)  Dublin  Bi-anch, 276 

(C)  Waterford  Branch, 292 

Table  VIII.  Descendants ofCearbhall(orCarroll),  Lord 

of  Ossoiy  and  DanLsh  King  of  Dublin,                  .  297 

(A)  Descendants  of  CcarbhaU  by  his  Sons,        .  298 

(B)  Descendants  of  Cearbhall  by  his  Daughters,  300 


INTRODUCTION. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Deacription  of  the  Manuscripts, 

The  following  work  has  been  edited  from  three  Mânu- 
bcripts,  two  of  them  unfortimately  imperfect. 

The  first  and  most  ancient  of  these  consists  of  a  single  i.  The 
folio,  closely  written  on  both  sides,  in  double  columna.     It  jJ^Book 
is  a  leaf  of  the  Book  of  Leînster,  now  preserved  in  the  of  Leinster. 
Library  of  Trinity  CoUege,  Dublin.     It  contains  the  first 
twenty-nine  secţiona  only  of  the  work :   nevertheleas, 
imperfect  as  it  is,  this  fragment,  for  many  reasons,  is  so 
important,  that  the  Editor  has  thought  fit  to  preserve  it, 
with  a  translation,  in  the  Appendix. 

The  Book  of  Leinster^  is  a  Bibliotheca,  or  Collection  oftate  and 
Historical  Tracts,  Poems,  Tales,  Genealogies,  &c.     It  was  the  Book  of 
written  by  Finn,  Bishop  of  Kildare,  or  at  least,  during  his  L«iMter. 
lifetime,  for    Aedh   Mac   Crimhthainn,   or   Hugh   Mac 
Griffin,  tutor  of  Diarmait  Mac  Murchadha  [Dermod  Mac 
Murrogh],  the  King  of  Leinster  who  was  so  celebrated 
for  his  connexion  with  the  Anglo-Norman  invasion^  of 
Ireland,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II. 

The  following  note  oocurs  in  the  lower  margin  of  fol. 
206  b.  of  this  MS.  It  is  in  a  hand  closely  resembHng 
that  in  which  the  book  itself  is  written,  and  certainly  of 
the  same  centuiy : — 

**  Life  and  health  from  Finn,  biahop  [Le.,  of  Kildare^]  to  Aedh  Hac  Crimh- 


^  Book  of  Lemtttr.  For  a  short  snm- 
Toary  of  ito  contenta,  see  0*Cnrry*s 
Lectnrea,  p.  187. 

^ImmtUm.  For  thia  reason  he  ia 
oommonly  called  by  the  Irish  who 
were  not  of  his  clan  or  his  adberenta, 


Diarmait  na  nGaU,  or  Dermod  of  the 
foreigners. 

*  Kildaire,  Thia  explanatory  paren- 
thesia  ia  written  in  the  original,  aa  a 
glosa,  over  the  word  '*  bishop,"  in  the 
same  handirriting  as  the  note  itself. 

b 


INTRODUCTION. 


.>■ 


thainn,  tutor  [pifileigin-o]  of  the  chîef  kîng  of  Leth  Mogha  [î.e.,  NuadhatiJ 
and  sacoeasor*  [comatibu]  of  Colum  Mac  Crimhthamii,  and  chief  historian 
of  LetnatAT  in  wisdom  and  knowledge,  and  cultiyation  of  books,  and  science 
and  learning.  And  let  the  conclnnon  of  thia  little  histoiy  be  written  for  me 
aocnrately  hy  thee,  O  acute  Aedh,  thon  poflsenor  of  the  sparkling  intellect 
Ăfajf  it  be  long  hrfore  toe  are  toUhout  thee.  It  is  my  deşire  that  thou  ehouldest 
be  always  with  tw.  Let  Mac  Lonain^B  book^  of  poema  be  giyen  to  me,  that  we 
may  find  out  the  sense  of  the  poema  that  are  in  it,  et  vale  in  Ohristo,*  etc'* 

Finn,  Bishop  of  Kildare  died  in  1 1 60,  according  to  the 
Annftlfi  of  the  Foiir  Maştera.*     He  appeare  to  have  oceu- 


^Nuadhat,  ThÎB  explanatîon  is  also 
în  the  original,  as  a  gloss,  over  the  word 
Mogha.  DiannaltdaimedtobeKing 
of  Munster,  or  Leth  Mogha,  •'.&,  Mogh's 
half,  the  southem  half  of  Treland,  so- 
called  from  Eoghan  Taîdhleach,  sui^ 
named  Mogh  Kuadhat,  or  Knadhat's 
skye.     See  O'Curry's  Battle  of  Magh 

Lena,  p.  3. 

^Successor.  ThissignifiesthatAedh 
was  abbot  or  bishop  of  Tirdaglass, 
now  Terryglaaa,  county  of  Tîpperary ; 
wheie  was  a  ceiebrated  monastery, 
foonded  by  Colum  Mac  Crimhthainn, 
who  died  A.D.  548. 

•  Mac  Lonain^t  booh.  Flann  Mac 
Lonain,  a  ceiebrated  Irish  poet,  many 
of  whose  productions  are  still  extant, 

died  in  891. 

«  Vale  in  Christo.  The  Editor  has 
taken  theliberty  of  altering  a  few  words 
of  Mr.  O'Curry's  transUtion  of  thîs 
curious  entry  (Lecturea,  p.  186);  but 
the  passage  in  italics*he  haa  allowed  to 
stand,  because  although  he  believes 
Mr.  O'Cuny's  reading  of  the  original 
(App.  Ixxxiv)  to  be  wrong,  he  is  un- 
able  to  correct  it.  It  is  very  obscure 
in  the  MS.,  having  been  written  npon 
an  erasure,  which  has  caused  some  of 
the  letters  to  be  blurred  or  blotted; 
the  words  which  Mr.  0*Curry  prints 
cian  T^o  ţiiâetn  Txyo  (?)  hitisncnţ», 
appear  to  the  Editor  to  be  aan  gafi ; 
ceip,  ticb  IC  binsncnf  ,  of  which  he 
can  make  no  sense.  It  wiU  be  ob- 
senred  that  the  foregoing  note  does 


not  assert  Bishop  Finn  to  hare  been 
the  scribe  by  whom  the  Book  of  Lein- 
ster  was  written.  That  he  was  so,  ia 
inferred  by  Mr.  O'Curry  from  the  great 
similarity  of  the  handwriting  of  the 
note  to  that  of  the  text;  and  Finn, 
if  not  the  writer  of  the  MS.,  was  pro- 
bably  the  writer  of  the  note,  The 
"little  histoiy,"  or  historic  Ule,  al- 
luded  to,  if  we  suppose  it  to  be  that 
to  which  the  note  refers,  ends  imper. 
fecUy  at  the  bottom  of  folio  206  6. 
The  next  leaf  begins  in  the  middle 
of  a  sentence  having  no  connexion 
with  what  went  before;  and  the  de- 
fect ia  of  long  standing,  for  the  old 
paginations,  made  in  the  fourteenth 
or  fifteenth  century,  take  no  notice  of 
it,  the  next  folio  being  marked  207. 
The  page  to  which  the  foregoing  note 
is  appended  contains  the  story  of  the 
Progress  of  Tadhg,  son  of  Cian,  son  of 
Oilill  Olum,  into  Meath,  or  the  Battle 
of  Crinna.  See  0*Curry,  LeeL  App. 
Ixxxix,  p.  593 ;  Keating  (in  the  reign 
of  Fergus  Dubhdedach) ;  O'Flaherty, 
Offyg.j  p.  331-2.  The  words  of  the 
note  "  Let  the  condasion  of  thia  little 
histoiy  be  written  for  me,"  appear  to 
intimate  that  the  "little  history"  was 
nnfinished  when  the  note  was  written  ţ 
and  the  inference  is,  that  it  never  was 
completed. 

'Four  3fatters,  Finn,  it  will  be 
observed,  calls  himself  "  bishop,"  ndt 
bishop  of  Kildare,  which  is  a  subse- 
quent   insertîon.     This    ia    an    evi- 


INTBODUCnON. 


XI 


pied  that  see  sînce  1148,  in  which  year  his  predecessor, 
ODubhin,  died ;  but  he  wes  a  biahop  when  the  foregoing 
note  was  oomposed,  and  therefore  the  {)ortion  of  the  book 
to  which  it  relates  must  have  been  wiitten  between  the 
yeare  jnst  mentioned,  if  not  before. 

Of  Aedh  Mac  Crimhthainn,  the  Irish  Annals  have  iin- 
fortnnatelj  preserved  no  record ;  but  if  he  waa  tutor  to 
Eing  Diarmait  Mac  Murchadha  (who  was  bom  in  1110), 
he  must  have  lived  veiy  early  în  the  twelfth  century. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  foregoing  note  is  written 
in  a  strong  spirit  of  partisanship,  the  writer  asserting 
boldly  the  claim^  of  his  chiefbain,  Diarmait,  to  be  the  chief 
King  of  Leth  Mogha,  that  is,  of  Leinster  and  Munster,  the 
southem  half  of  Ireland ;  and  the  same  spirit  appears  in 
another  place,  foL  200  a.,  where  a  hand  much  more  recent 


dence  of  antiqnity,  the  esUbluhroent 
of  territorial  diocesea  being  then  re- 
cent, and  the  titloB  derired  from  them 
not  hATÎng  as  yet  come  fnlly  into  ase. 
This  prelate  aniated  at  the  Synod  of 
Kells  in  1162,  accordlng  to  Keatmg, 
wbo  calls  him  (aa  in  some  copiee)  "  son 
of  Cianain,"  but  other  copies  read 
'^  son  of  TighemauL"  The  Fonr  Mas- 
ters  caii  him  Finn  Mac  Grormain,  and 
the  Dublin  Ann.  înisfaR  (A.D.1160) 
Mac  Gonnain,  without  anj  Christian 
name.  Ware  has  **  Finan  (MacTiar- 
cain)  O'Gorman."  This  is,  no  donbt, 
an  enor  for  l^n  Mac  CianaSn  0*Gor- 
main,  and  is  an  attempt  to  recon- 
cile  the  anthorlty  of  Keating  with 
that  of  the  Fonr  Masten.  Bat  the 
Foor  Masten  caii  him  Mac  Oormain, 
not  O^Gormain;  there  is  no  înconsis- 
tcDcy  in  his  being  Mae  Cianain,  or  son 
of  Cianan,  and  also  Mac  Gormain.  At 
that  time  Mac  Oormain  had  come  to 
be  asaimied  as  a  patronjrmic  or  f amily 
name,  instead  of  the  more  correct  form 
O'Gormain.  See  0*DonoYan,  Topo^, 
Pioemg,  p.  tiii,  note  (488).  We  have 
another  instanoe  of  this  in  King  Der- 


mod,  who  is  called  Mac  Murchadha  or 
Mac  Murrogh,  from  his  grandfather, 
althongh  he  was  the  son  of  Donn- 
chadh,  and  onght  therefore  to  have 
been  O^Morrogh.  Topogr,  Poem»,  p. 
xlvi,  n.  (898),  and  p.  1,  n.  (405).  See 
his  genealogy  in  O'Donovan's  note, 
Fonr  M.,  A.D.  1052,  p.  861.  OTU- 
herty,  Ogjfgia,  p.  438. 

1  Claim.  The  same  claim  is  made  in 
another  place  in  this  MS.  (fol.  20  a)  in 
an  addition  to  a  list  of  the  kings  of 
Leinster,  in  which  Diarmait  is  thns 
spoken  of — ^Dtaţifnaic  mac  "Don- 
choroa  mac  ÎTlnfichaDa  .xttii.  Ocii|» 
ba  ţii  Lechi  THoga  tiile  ep-oe,  ocny» 
XI\yo\  ep'oe.  CC  6c  i  Peţvfio,  lari 
TfibuaiT)  on^ta  ociiţ^  ochţiip,  in 
.loBi®.  anno  aecaci|»  ţmae.  "Di- 
armait, son  of  Dnnchadh,  son  of  Mnr- 
chadh  [reigned]  46  [yeara].  And  he 
was  king  of  all  Leth  Mogha  and  also  of 
Meath.  He  dled  at  Fems  after  the 
Tictory  of  Unction  and  Penanoe,  in  the 
6lBt  year  of  his  age.**  This  note  is  m  a 
hand  more  recent  than  that  of  the  MS., 
and  was  written  probably  in  1171, 
the  year  of  King  Diannait*8  death. 

62 


XII 


INTRODUCnON. 


thaD  that  of  the  MS.,  has  written  in  the  upper  margin, 
the  foUowing  strong  expression^  of  grief : — 

"  [O  Maiy !]  It  ia  a  great  deed  that  ia  done  in  Eriiin  this  day,  the  kalends 
of  Aagust  Dennod,  son  of  Donnchadh  Mac  Murchadha,  King  of  Leinster  and 
of  the  Danea,*  waa  baniahed  by  the  men  of  Ireland  oyer  the  aea  eaatward. 
Uch!  Uch!     O  Lord!  what  ahaU  I  da" 

The  event  thus  so  pathetically  lamented  took  place  in 
the  year  1 1 66.^  We  know  not  who  it  was  that  so  recorded 
his  despair ;  but  the  note  is  evidence  that  this  book,  to 
which  the  name  of  "  Book  of  Leinster"  has  been  given, 
was  written  in  the  lifetime  of  Dermod  Mac  Murrogh,  and 
was,  most  probably,  his  property,  or  that  of  some  eminent 
personage  amongst  his  foUowers  or  clansmen,  before  the 
English  invasion. 

These  circumstances  are  important,  as  proving  beyond 
all  reasonable  doubt,  that  the  oopy  of  the  present  work 
which  this  MS.  once  oontained,^  and  of  which  only  a  single 
folio  leaf  remains,  must  have  been  written  in  the  twelfth 
century,  and  the  original  must  therefore  have  been  still 
earlier.  The  author  mentions  no  event  later  than  the 
battle  of  Clontarf,  A.D.  1014,  and  was  probably  a  con- 
temporary  and  follower,  as  he  certainly  was  a  strong 
partizan,  of  King  Brian  Borumha,  who  fell  in  that  battle. 
The  MS.  of  which  we  are  now  treating  was,  therefore, 
written  certainly  before  1 1 66,  and  probably  within  the 
century  after  the  death  of  the  author  of  the  work. 
Thia  MS.  The  editor  in  the  notes  upon  the  first  twenty-eight  chap- 
denoted  by  ^jg  qj-  sectious  of  the  text  has  distinjTuished  the  various 

the  letter  ° 


^Expreation.  See  the  original  Iriah  in 
0*Cuny'a  hKtwn^Append,  No.  Ixxxv. 
The  firet  worda,  '*  O  Mary,"  are  now 
ao  obacnre  in  the  MS.  that  they  can 
only  be  coneîdered  aa  a  conjectural 
reatoration  anggeated  by  Mr.  O'Curry. 

^Dane».  Meaning  the  Danea  of 
Dublin. 

3  Tear  1166.  See  Fonr  Maştera. 
The  foregoing  note  givea  ua  the  addi- 
tional  fact  that  Dermod  fled  on  the  lat 
of  August 


*  Contained.  The  Book  of  Leinster 
ia  now  very  imperfect  The  Editor 
found  eleven  of  the  original  folia  of  it 
at  St  laidore^a  College,  Rome.  Thef>' 
were  probably  lent  to  Colgan,  m  ac- 
cordance  with  a  practice  which  has 
proved  injurioua  to  many  of  our  Irish 
MSS.  They  contain  aome  of  the  worka 
of  Aengus  the  Culdee,  and  also  the 
Martyrology  of  Tallaght,  wanting  No- 
vember  and  the  firet  aixteen  daya  of 
December,  by  the  loaa  of  a  leaf. 


^-^.^■*fc» 


INTRODUCTION. 


XIII 


readings  of  this  MS.*  by  the  letter  L.  It  exhibits  severa! 
peculiarities  of  spelling,  interesting  to  the  philological 
student  of  the  Celtic  languages;  but  it  has  not  been 
thought  necessary  to  notice  all  these,  as  the  whole  of  this 
valuable  fragment  has  been  preserved  in  the  Appendix^. 

The  seoond  Manuscript  employed  in  forming  the  text  ii.  The 
of  the  present  work,   is  also  a  fragment,   although  ^^^^^^' 
more  considerable  one,  and  is  likewise  preserved  in  the  the  letter 
library  of  Trinity  CoUege,  Dublin.     We  have  called  this  ^' 
the  Dublin  MS.,  and  its  readings  are  marked  D.  in  the 
Botes. 

This  copy  was  found  about  the  year  1840,  by  the  late  its  age. 
eminent  scholar,  Mr.  O'Curry,  bound  up'  in  one  of  the 
Seabright  MSS.,  formerly  in  the  possession  of  the  cele- 
brated  antiquary,  Edward  Uwyd.  Tliere  is  nothing 
except  the  appearance  of  the  MS.  and  its  handwriting  to 
fix  its  age ;  but  judging  from  these  criteria  we  cannot 
be  far  wrong  in  supposing  it  to  have  been  written  about 
the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century.*  It  is  imperfect 
both  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  end :  wanting  from  the 
first  to  the  fifth  chapters  inclusive,  at  the  beginning,  and 
from  the  middle*  of  chapter  cxiii  to  the  end  of  the  work. 
There  are  ako  some  intervening  defects,  arising  from  a 


1  Tkii  M8.  The  iniţial  letter,  B., 
p.  2,  is  an  exact  fac-simile  of  the  iniţial 
wHh  wMch  thiB  MS.  begins. 

s  AppauUx,  Some  f ew  examplee  of 
the  pecnliaritiea  alluded  to  are  given, 
p.  228,  note  8.  They  may,  probably, 
be  regarded  as  charactetistic  of  the 
old  Lemster  dialect  of  the  Iriah  lan- 

>  Btnmd  up,  It  occnrs  in  the  MS. 
H.  2,  17,  and  waa  described  by  Dr. 
0*Oonovan  in  hia  nnpublished  Cata- 
logue  of  the  Iriah  MSS.  in  the  Libraiy 
of  Trinity  Ck>llege,  Dubim,  under  the 
date  ol  Jan.  1840.  But  this  fragment 
was  undoubtedly  first  identified,  as  con- 


taining  the  long  lost  Danish  wars,  by 
Mr.  O'Curry,  who  says  {Leeturet,  p. 
232),  "Of  this  traci  I  had  the  good 
fortune,  some  sixteen  years  ago,  to  dis- 
cover  an  andent  but  much  aoiled  and 
imperfect  copy  in  the  Library  of  Trinity 
College.**  The  Lecture  in  which  this 
statement  occurs  was  deliyered  June 
19,  1856. 

^Fourteenih  oentury,  Mr.  0*Curry 
says,  "The  ancient  fragment  must 
be  nearly  as  old  as  the  chief  events 
towards  the  conclusion  of  the  war." 
Ibid,    This  is  oertainly  a  mistake. 

'Middle.  See  p.  199,  line  9  from 
bottom. 


XIV 


INTBODUCTION. 


III.  The 
Bnusdfl 
copy,  dfr- 
notod  by 
the  letter 
B. 


loss  of  leaves  in  the  MS.  A  list^  of  ihese  defecta  u 
given  below. 

The  orthography  of  this  MS.  is  far  from  correct  It 
omits  ahnoBt  uniformly  the  edipeed  letters»  and  thoee 
which  are  quiescent  or  dropped  in  ordinary  pronundation : 
a  circumstance  which  frequently  oauaes  considerable  dif- 
ficulty.  To  enable  the  reader  more  eaaily  to  understand 
what  is  meant,  some  examples,  selected  almost  at  random, 
are  given  below  in  the  note.^  They  are  evidence  of  an 
impure  orthography,  and  of  a  period  when  the  language 
was  in  its  decline. 

The  third  MS.  ia  a  paper  copy  preserved  in  the  Bur- 
gundian  Library,  Bruasels,  which  has  the  advantage  of 
being  perfect.  It  is  in  the  handwriting  of  the  eminent 
Irish  scholar,  Friar  Michael  O'Clery,  by  whom  it  waa 
transcribed  in  the  year  1636.  This  appeara  by  the  foU 
lowing  note  at  the  end : — 

CCţ  leatkqfi  Conconnaâc  1  'Odlaig 
•DO  -yxîqfiîob  om  bţiotaiţi  bocc  TTli- 
chel6  CleTiig  om  coip  aŢ  <x\i  foqiio- 
bcro  |x>,  tîi  cconueiîic  na  bţvotaţv 
1  mboile  Tyige  Paţvarindiii,  a  ml 
IT)  atica  na  bliaona  ţo  1628,  ocii|* 
ţio  ixjqvîotkro  an  coip  |*o  Xaiţ  an 
nbfidtaiti  cĂDna  i  cconuemc  "Odin 
na  n^ail)  a  mîf  lloiienibeii  na 
blriax^na  ţo  1635. 


Ont  of  the  book  of  Cuconnacht 
O'Daly,  the  poor  frmr  Bfichad  O'Gleiy 
wrote  the  copy  from  which  thie  was 
written,  in  the  convent  of  the  frian  in 
BaQe  Tfghe  Farannahi,  in  the  month 
of  March  of  this  year  1628 ;  and  thie 
copy  was  written  by  the  iame  friar  in 
the  convent  of  Dun-na-nGall  [Done- 
gal],  in  the  month  of  November  of  this 
year  1686. 


^Li$L  Partofchap.  xxx.andxzxi. 
(see  p.  86)  is  wanting  in  D.,  also  from 
tiie  second  line  of  cIl  iLxxiiL  to  the 
seTenth  line  of  eh.  zxxyii.  (pp.  dd-43). 
Agatn,  from  the  last  two  lines  of  eh. 
!▼!  (p.  86)  toline6of  eh.  IxL  (p.  92); 
from  the  middle  of  eh.  IxviL  (p.  111)  to 
the  middle  of  eh.  Izix.  (last  line  of  p. 
115) ;  eh.  Ixx.  (p.  117)  to  line  7  of  eh. 
IzziL  (p.  1 19) ;  and  from  eh.  Ixxyi.  (p. 
188)  to  the  middle  of  eh.  Ixxx.  (UÎâe 

1.  P.  ui> 
*Noie.    The  omissbn  of  p  is  veiy 

common,  as  in  xxxuicln  for  T>pacicin ; 


TMxâitl  for  'opadit;  90  for  pe^;  «ţr 
boit  for  pagbail;  ofiâo  for  ipo\vtu ; 
boit  for  bfKnl or  boţMXil;  x>o  |ies}va 
for  TK)  pfiesfia ;  inia^|«  for  imţa- 
gnf ;  ecocaţv  forţeixroafv;  acfom 
for  pacfom ;  p«5cnf^  ^^  W^'oanu 
The  omission  of  "Oţ  as  in  'otoboiT)  for 
i>ţi(yDbait> ;  nicm  for  'onion.  The 
omisiion  of  t»  aa  ţ'en'oacai*  for  i^en- 
«Diitciii^;  ooib  for  ootoiS;  of  b,  as 
nitinav>itp  fornibiina:oii|^;  OŢagtro 
for  baţXjqgo'D;  and  of  m,  as  coni^  for 
camnig.  SomeotheriafltanceBaremen* 
tioned  in  the  notes. 


INTRODTTCTTON. 


XV 


From  thîs  we  should,  perhaps,  infer  that  Michael 
O'Cleiy  made  two  copies  of  the  tract  on  the  Danish 
Wara,  one  în  March,  1628,  in  the  Conveni  of  Baile-Tighe 
Farannain  (now  Multyfamham,  in  the  coiinty  of  West- 
meath),  "out  of  the  Book  of  Cuconnacht  O'Daly;"  and 
another,  probably  taken  from  his  former  copy,  in  Novem- 
ber,  1635,  when  he  was  in  the  Convent  of  Donegalv  This 
latter  transcript  ie  the  book  now  in  the  Brussels  library, 
which  has  been  nsed  in  forming  the  text  of  the  present 
work,  whenever  the  Dublin  MS.  was  defective.  Its  various 
readings  are  distinguished  in  the  notes  by  the  letter  B. 

The  Book  of  Cuconnacht  O'Daly  is  now  unknown ;  but  Bookof  Cu- 
îts  owner  or  compiler  was  probably  the  same  who  is  de-  ^^^* 
scribed  by  the  Four  Masters,  as  a  chief  bard^  or  historian, 
and  a  native  or  resident  of  Lackan,  in  Westmeath.  He 
died,  aocording  to  the  same  authorities,  at  Clonard,  in 
Meath,  A.D.  1139.  Lackan^  is  close  to  Multyfamham, 
and  it  was  natural  that  the  book,  compiled  by  its  great 
bard,  should  be  preserved  in  the  neighbouring  Franciscan 
Abbey.  From  these  facts  it  seems  probable  that  the  Book 
of  Cuconnacht  O'Daly  was  a  "  Bibliotheca/*  or  a  collection 
of  historical  documents,  transcribed  in  the  early  part  of 
the  twelfth  century,  and  therefore  of  about  the  same  date 


1  CkitfbanL  GCri'ooUaTh  16  'Dan. 
F<mr  M.  at  the  year  1 139.  For  the  si- 
tuationof  Lackan,  see  Dr.  0*Donoyaii*8 
note,  /bHT  M.  at  A.D.  746,  p.  849. 
The  genealogy  of  Cnooimaght  O'Daly 
will  be  f  oiind  in  the  "  Historical  Sketch 
of  the  familj  of  OT>aly,"  prefixed  to 
Aefl^ns  O'Daly's  7W&e«  of  IreUmd, 
edited  by  Dr.  ODonoTan.  DuhUn, 
(John  O'Daly)  1852. 

>  Lackan,  In  the  glosa  on  the  Felire 
ol  Aengns,  at  June  28  (BrosMls  oopy), 
the  sitoatioB  of  Lackan  ia  thns  de- 
acribed:  LeacQin  cnnfn  an  cemptiitl 
Cnmnme  ^  cao&  btionlce  [for 
mOatle  TÂ^e]  ţa|iannain.  "  Lea- 
can  ia  the  name  of  the  chnreh  of  S. 


Cmimmin,  near  Boailte  Farannain.*' 
The  abbey  of  Mnltyfamham  continued 
in  the  possession  of  Franciscan  friars, 
not-withstanding  the  suppression,  and 
in  1641  was  the  head  quartezB  of  the 
Confederate  Roman  Catholics.  See 
Cox,  ffib.  Angl  vL,  App.  p.  41.  This 
occasioned  the  dispersion  of  the  friars ; 
bat  within  the  present  centory  a 
convent  has  been  re-established  there, 
and  buildings  orected  in  the  mins  of  the 
andent  house.  See  Sir  H.  Piers's  ac- 
connt  of  Westmeath,  in  Vallancesr'a 
CoSUcUmea,  i.,  p.  68.  The  abbey  of 
Donegal  also  continued  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  friars  until  the  times  of 
Cromwell,  bitt  is  now  in  ntter  ruin. 


XVI  INTRODUCTION. 

as  the  Book  of  Leinster,  of  which  we  have  aiready  spoken. 
It  foUows  that  the  original  of  the  Wars  of  the  Danes  and 
Irish,  which  was  copied  into  these  ooUections,  must  have 
had  some  celebrity  before  the  year  1139,  when  0*Daly 
died,  and  was  therefore,  probably,  composed  before  the 
end  of  the  preoeding  century. 
HichEei  Michael  O'Cleiy,  the  trauscriber  of  the  Bmssels  MS., 

O'Ciery'8  ^^  ^  ^y  brother  of  the  order  of  Si  Francis,  and  is  oele- 
brated  as  having  been  the  chief  of  the  compilers  of  the 
great  Chronicle  known  as  the  Annals  of  the  Fonr  Masters. 
His  original  Christian  name^  was  Tadhg,  Teague  or  Teige, 
and  he  was  commonly  called  Tadkg  am  taleihhe,  or 
"Teige  of  the  Mountain,"  before  he  took  the  name  of 
Michael  in  religion. 
Liberties  In  his  transcript  of  the  Danish  Wars,  he  has  modemized 
^^®°.^^the  spelling,  and  has  probably  introduced  other  more 
MS.  from  serious  deviations  from  the  text  of  O'Daly's  MS.  He 
Jî^^d.  intended  his  copy  for  the  use  of  his  contemporaries,  aud 
therefore,  perhaps,  deemed  hunself  at  liberty  to  adopt  the 
modem  orthography  and  other  grammatical  peculiarities 
which  would  be  to  them  most  intelligible.  This  drcum- 
stance  no  doubt  has  greatly  diminished  the  value  of  his 
manuscript,  especially  as  we  cannot  be  certain  whether 
his  departure  from  the  ancient  original  was  confined  to 
such  minor  alterationa^  It  was  unfortimately  the  cus- 
tom  of  Irish  scribes,  to  take  consîderable  liberties  with 
the  works  they  transcribed.  They  did  not  hesitate  to 
insert  poems  and  other  additional  matter,  with  a  view 
to  gratify  their  patrons  or  chieftains,  and  to  flatter  the 
vanity  of  their  clan.  It  is  to  be  feared,  that  for  the  same 
reason,  they  frequently  omitted  what  might  be  disagree- 
able  to  their  patrons,  or  scandalous  to  the  Chm'ch  ;  thus 


1  Chrittian  name.  For  an  account 
of  this  distingoiflhed  antiqnary,  see 
0*Donoyaii*s  Introdaction  to  the  Fonr 
Maaten,  and  O'Cnny^  Lectnies. 

^AkeraHons,    See   p.    S8,    whera 


the  words  "for  the  good  of  the  soida 
of  the*foieignen  who  were  IdSed  in 
the  battle:**  which  wordis  taken  in 
connezion  with  the  context  in  which 
they  stand,  are  certainly  vezy  obscure. 


0*Clery  has  substituted  an  "  etc**  for  |  But  they  occur  in  the  Dublin  MS. 


INTEODUCTION.  XVU 

they  were  unconscioualy  guilty  of  anachronisms  and 
various  mistakes,  which  have  the  effect  of  throwing  diB- 
credit  upon  the  works  so  transmitted  to  us,  as  disproving 
i^parenUy  their  daim  to  aatiquity. 

Evidence  of  such  interpolations  is  abundantly  afforded  Evîdence 
by  a  comparison  of  the  three   MSS.  employed  in  this  i^^^^jn^^ 
edition  of  the  Danish  Wars.     The  ancient  MS.  in  the  tk«  MSS. 
Book  of  Leinster,  although  a  mere  fragment,  is  of  great 
importance  in  this  point  of  view.     It  proves,  for  example, 
that  the  lists  of  the  Kings'  of  Ireland  and  Munster  in  the 
Brussels  MS.  are  an  interpolation.    The  original  work 
gave  only  the  names  of  the  King  of  Ireland  and  of  the 
contemporary  King  of   Munster,  in    whose  times  the 
pirate  fleets  first  made  their  appearance.     In  the  Bms-  interpoU- 
sels  MS.  there  is  inserted  after  this,  a  fuU  list  of  both  ^"J^g.  q. 
series  of  kings  during  the  whole  period  of  the  Scandi- 
navian  invasions.     We  find  also  passages  given  as  mar- 
ginal notes  in  the  older  MS.,  which  are  received  into  the 
text,  and  sometimes,  perhaps,  misunderstood,*  or  inoor- 
rectly  transcribed,  in  the  later  copy.     But  the  O'Clery 
MS.,  notwithstanding  these  defects,  is  of  great  value.    It  is 
certainly  an  independent  authority.     It  oontains  four 
poems  which  are  not  in  the  Dublin  copy.    Three  of  these 
are  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue  between  Mathgamhain' 
and  Brian,  and  the  fourth  is  said  to  have  been  the  oom- 
position  of  "  Mathgamhain's  blind  bard.''    They  are  evi- 
dently  interpolations  made  by  some  transcriber  who  was 
attached  to  Brian's  party.    The  first  (p.  63)  is  an  apology 
for  Brian's  difficulties,  when,  as  we  are  told,  his  foUowers 
were  reduced  to  fifteen;  and  it  oontains  a  gentle  censure 
of  Mathgamhain  for  being  ''  too  quiescenf  towards  the 
foreigners.     The  seoond  (p.  77)  celebrates  the  victory  of 
the  Dai  Cais  over  the  foreigners,  at  Sulcoit.    The  third 
(p.  81)  attributed  to  "  the  poet,"  who  is  not  named,  cele- 


1  Kmg$.  Sm  chaps.  iL,  iii,  and  Ap- 
pend.  A,  p.  22 1. 

*  Mitmdenlood.  See  the  note  \  p. 
222.    Ck>mpare  also  p.  8,  note  ^. 


>  Maihgamkam,  This  name  ia  pro- 
nounced  Mahik^  ot  MahwM^  the  accent 
bdng  on  the  but  syUable.  Dal-Cau\B 
prononnced  Dal-Ca^ 


XVIU 


INTRODUCTION. 


InteipoU^ 
tions  in 


braies  the  defeat  of  the  Danes  of  Limerick :  and  the  hst 
(p.  97),  by  Mathgamhain's  **  blind  bard,"  is  an  elegy,  not 
without  spirit,  on  the  treacherons  murder  of  that  chief- 
tain. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  Dublin  firajgment  contains  some 
tiiem  D.  paasages  of  considerable  length,  both  in  prose  and  verae, 
which  are  not  in  the  Brussels  copy.  For  example,  the 
poetical  address^  from  GiUa-Comhgaill  O'Slebhin,  niging 
Aedh,  or  Hugh,  O'Neill  to  join  King  Maelsechlainn  against 
Brian ;  the  description^  of  the  march  of  Brian's  army  to 
Clontarf,  with  the  arrival  of  the  auxiliaries  Fergal 
O'Bourke,  and  his  followers ;  the  bombastic  accoimt  of 
the  enemy's  forces  and  their  arms,  as  contrasted  with 
Brian's  troops';  and  the  combat  of  Dunlaing  of  the  Liffey» 
who  is  said  to  have  been  defeated  and  beheaded  by  Fer- 
gal O'Bourke^  in  this  battle,  although  the  Annals  of 
Ulster  and  the  Four  Masters  give  a  diJSSerent  accoimt  of 
his  death. 

In  noting  the  varions  readings  detected  by  a  coUation 
of  the  MSS.,  the  editor  has  taken  no  notice  of  mere  dif- 
ferences  of  spelling  except  in  some  rare  instances.  Irish 
orthography,  in  the  twelfth  century,  was  so  unsettled,  and, 
indeed,  is  still  so  unsettled,  that  the  same  word  is  fire- 
quently  written  by  the  same  scribe  in  different  spellings 
on  the  same  page.  To  note  all  such  variations  would 
have  swollen  the  work  to  a  size  out  of  all  proportion  to 
the  value  of  the  information  so  coUected. 


Varioits 
readings. 


^Adire8$»  See  eh.  IxxtiL  p.  121. 
Giolla  Comhgaill  0*Slebhin,  or  Ua 
Slebhene,  died  in  10dl,accordingto  the 
Fonr  HastexVţWho  caii  him  "  chief  poet 
(ptiiTh-oUoiti)  of  the  North  of  Ire- 
land.**  The  date  of  his  miarion  to 
0*Neil],  heie  aUuded  to,  was  1002  or 
1008. 

*Deâcnpium.  Chap.  Ixxxix.,  p.l55. 


'  TroopB.     Chap.  xcriii.,  p.  171. 

*  Fergal  (/Eourke,  Chap.  d.,  p. 
177.  It  is  worthj  of  note  that  B. 
(0*Clery'8  copy)  omits  ererythJng  con- 
nected  with  Fergal  and  Us  presenoe 
in  the  battle:  neither  is  he  mentioned 
by  the  Four  Masters,  who  naturally 
foUowed  theanthorityof  0*Clery,  who 
was  one  of  them. 


INTRODUCTION. 


XIX 


The  Author  cmd  Age  of  the  Work. 

The  Gogadh  Oaedhil  re  OaUaîhh,  or  "  Wars  of  the  The  work 
Gael  with  the  GaiU/'  that  îs  to  say,  of  the  Irish  with  the  ^^^^ 
NoTsemen,  has  been  frequently  quoted  by  Keating.     It  Coigan,and 
was  known  also  to  Colgan  ;  and  the  Four  Masters  have  MwtoSf 
oocasionally  transferred  its  very  words  to  their  pages.    It 
is  mentioned  also  by  Mac  Curtm^  and  O'Halloran,'  who 
cite  it  as  in  their  time  an  accessible  authority  of  which  the 
original  was  well  known.    'But  for  many  years  all  copies 
of  it  were  supposed  to  have  perished,  until  the  discovery  of 
the  Dublin  MS.  by  Mr.  O'Cuny,  in  1840.     Soon  after- 
wards  it  was  ascertained  that  another  copy  was  preserved 
at  Brussels,  together  with  some  other  Iidsh  MSS.  of  great 
interest.     The  Editor  accordingly  went  there  in  August,  GoUatioa 
1848,  and  made  a  fiill  collation  of  the  Brussels  copy,  with  BrnsmlB 
the  Dublin  MS.,  transcribing  all  that  was  necessary  to  MS.  by  the 
sapplythedeficiendes  ofthelatter.     Afberwards,  through 
the  influence  of  the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  then  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant  of  Ireland,  he  obtained  from  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment a  loan  of  this  and  some  other  MSS.,  and  in  1853 
caused  a  complete  copy  of  it  to  be  made  by  Mr.  O'Cuny  Tnuucript 
for  the  Library  of  Trinîty  College,  Dublin,    These  trans-  ^*,^'^^- 
cripts  have  b^n  carefuUy  collated  in  f orming  the  text  of 
the  present  edition. 

The  work  has  externai  as  well  as  internai  evidence  of  Eridenceof 
antiqnity.    Its  author,    as  we  have  seen,  was  a  con-"**^^*^' 
temporary  and  strong  partizan  of  Eang  Brian  Borumha. 
It  exhibits  many  traces  of  the  political  feelings  engen- 
dered  by  the  intestine  dissensions  of  the  Dai  Cais,  and 


^MaeCmim.  '' Dîeconne  iif  Vin- 
dicatioa  of  the  Antiqnity  of  Ireland :" 
Dnblin,  i9, 1717,  p.  171, 176,  181,  et 
peasim.  In  p.  204,  he  laye,  *'*'  Coga 
GmU  le  Gaoidkmlmbk  ie  the  only  beet 


ftnthority  for  any  thing  reUtîng  to  the 
Danish  ware  in  IreUmâ.** 

^aSattoroH.    ''Hist  of  IraUnd," 
▼oLii,p.l5a    io,  Lond.l77a 


XX 


INTRODUCTION. 


Its  anthor, 
saidto  be 
Mm 


their  contest  for  sovereignty  with  the  Clann  Colmain,^  in 
the  tenth  and  eleventh  centuries.  Copies  of  it  were  pre- 
served  in  the  historical  collections  made  by  eminent  anti- 
qnaries  in  the  early  part  of  the  twelfth  centuiy.  The 
author  makes  no  use  of  the  era  Aniio  Domini,  but  dates 
from  the  reigns  of  the  Kings  of  Ireland  and  Munster ; 
sometimes  also  £rom  local  events^  in  the  provincial  history 
of  Ireland. 

Dr.  CConor*  asserts  without  hesitation  that  the  author 
of  this  work  was  Mac  Liag,  whose  death  is  recorded  by 
the  Four  Masters,  at  the  year  1015  (the  true  date  being 
]  01 6),  in  these  words  : — 

'*  Mac>Liag,  Le.,  Maircheartach,  son  of  Cucheartach,  chief  poet  (ard-^Uanth) 
of  Ireland  at  that  time,  died." 

In  the  Dublin  Annals  of  Innisfallen,  at  A.D.  1016,  the 
same  event  is  thus  recorded  : — 

^'  Mac-Liag,  ie.,  Maircheartach  beg,  son  of  Mael-ceartach,  chief  poet  (ard- 
oUamli)  of  Ireland,  died  in  [the  idand  called]  Inis-an-Gaill-doibh,  in  the 
Shannon.** 

No  andent      But  the  editor  has  not  discovered  any  ancient  authority 
Iot  thH      for  attributing  this  work  to  Mac  liag*.     The  Four  Mas- 


1  Clmm  Colmam,  See  Goneai.  Table 
II.,  Append.  B.,  p.  242.  The  kings  of 
Ireland,  Maelseachlainn  I.  and  Mael- 
aeachlainn  II.,  were  the  hereditary 
chieftains  of  the  Clann  Colmain,  or 
descendants  of  Colman  m6r,  son  of 
Diarmait,  King  of  Ireland,  A.D.  544, 
of  the  Southern  H7  NeilL  See  pp.  181 
and  181. 

*  Local  evenU,  See  eh.  iv.,  p.  5 ; 
eh.  ziy.,  p.  15;  eh.  xxiiL,  p.  28;  eh. 
xxTii,  p.  29.  O'Flaherty,  Ogygia, 
Pref.  p.  [40],  is  of  opinion  that  the 
ynlgar  Christîan  era  was  not  uaed  in 
Iieland  ontil  af ter  t&e  year  1020. 

•Dr.  (XConor.  In  bis  list  of  the 
ancient  anthoritiee  quoted  or  emplojed 
by  the  Four  Masters  in  the  compila- 
tion  of  their  Annals,  Dr.  0*Conor  thus 
speaksof  the  present  work : — "xlviii. 


Coccod»  G^atf  2a  G^ooidAa,  BeUa  Alieni- 
genarum  cum  Hibemis.  Auctore  Mac 
Liago  Scriptore  sscnlo  xL  Vide  iv. 
Mag.  ann.  1015.'*  i2er.  Hib.  ScripU,, 
voL  i.  EpitL  Nuncup.j  p.  IvL 

^  Mao-IÂag,  The  Four  Maştera, 
immediately  after  the  words  above 
quoted,  give  the  first  and  the  last 
quatrains  of  verses  composed  by  Mac- 
Liag.  In  the  former  of  these  he  calls 
himself  "  Muircheartach  beg,  son  of 
Mael-certaich;"and  O'Flaherty,  Og^, 
p.  884,  tells  us  that  he  was  of  the 
family  of  O'Conchearta  of  Lig-gna- 
thaile,  in  Corann,  a  territory  which 
included  the  barony  of  Gsleng,  or 
Gallen,  in  the  county  of  Mayo,  tQge- 
ther  with  the  barony  of  Lui^ne,  now 
Leyney,  and  the  present  barony  of 
Corann,  in  the  county  of  Sligo.    Mael- 


INTRODUCTION. 


XXI 


ters  make  no  mention  of  its  author.     Mac  Curtin  and 

O'Halloran,  who  have  quoted  it  by  the  Irish  title  it  still 

bears,  are  silent  as  to  the  author's  name.     Even  0*Reilly,* 

in  his  list  of  Mac  liag's  works,  omîts  the  Cogadh  Oaedhil 

re  Chdlaibh.     Colgan  had  a  copy  of  it,  the  same  mostColgan 

probably  which  is  now  in  the  Brussels  CoUection.     He  "eation^f 

the  author. 


certaigh  and  Cnoertaigh  Mem  to  have 

beai  lued  as   synoiiTnioiu   for   the 

famîly  name  of  the  poet;  and  Mac 

Liag  was,  probably,  not  his  Christian 

name,  bot  an  appdlation  given  to  dia- 

tingnish  hun  from  the  many  others 

of  the  famOy  who  were  named  Muir- 

dieartach,  or  Moriartj.     For  the  same 

reason  he  appears  to  have  been  called 

Mvircheartach  beg,  or  the  littU,    His 

teibe    name,    Mael-certaich,  signifies 

the  devoted  servant  of,  tonsored  in 

hononr  of  Certach  ;  and  Cn-certaich, 

the   hound,  or  dog  of,   that  is,  the 

faithfnl  servant  of,  Certach,  who  was, 

no  doubt,  one  of  the  many  saints  of 

that  name.    There  was  a  saint  Mac 

LSag,  descended  from  Colla  Uais,  King 

of    Ireland   in   the   fourth    centuiy, 

(MartyroL  of  Dcnega^  8  Feb.) ;  and 

the  Christian  name  Gilla-Mic-Liag, 

or  servant  of  Mac   Liag,  was  nsed 

in  the  eleventh  century.    The  Fonr 

Maaters  mention  the  death  of  Mac 

Coomara  Ua  Mic  Liag,  or  grandson 

of  Mac  Liag,   A.D.  1048;   and  the 

Annals  of  Ubter  record  the  death  of 

Cnmara  mac  mic  Liag,  or  son  of  Mac 

Liag,   whom   they  caii    Ard  clhxmh 

Ertmi^  or  chief  poet  of  Ireland,  and 

who  seems  to  have  sacceeded  his  fa- 

ther,  the  bard  of  Brian  Bommha,  in 

that  Office.     Hence  it  appears  that 

llac  Mic  Liag  and  OXiag  had  come 

to  be  nsed  as  somames  to  denote  this 

particolar  branch  of  the  family.    Be- 

sidei  the  Book  of  the  Danish  Wars, 

now  published.  Mac  Liag  is  said  to 


have  written  a  Life  of  Brian  Boramha, 
and  a  book  of  the  Battles  of  Munster. 
They  are  qnoted  by  Mac  Cnrtin  as 
three  distinct  works,  and  as  extant  in 
his  time ;  that  is  to  say,  at  the  begin- 
ning  of  the  last  century.  Dr.  O'Conor 
referB  to  Mac  Curtin  for  the  existence 
of  these  books,  and  therefore  was  pro- 
bably not  himself  acqnainted  with 
them.  Ber,  Hib. ScriptU^voVi.  Proleg, 
part  ii.  Elenchu»,  p.  7.  Probably  the 
Book  of  Munster  Battles  may  be  the 
same  as  the  lAaJbhar  Oiris  agu*  anuala 
ar  cogthaibh  Offua  ar  cathtdbh  Ereim, 
"The  Book  of  Antiquity  and  Annals 
of  the  Wars  and  Battles  of  Ireland," 
which  O'Reilly  says  he  had  in  his  pos- 
session,  and  which  he  teUs  us,  although 
it  professes  to  treat  of  the  "  wars  and 
battles  of  Ireland,"  is  m  reality  con- 
fined  to  the  battles  of  Mnnster.  TVaiw. 
Ibemo-CeUic  Soâetjf yp.lxjL,  Itisnow 
in  the  Library  of  the  Royal  Irish 
Academy.  The  late  James  Hardi- 
man,  Irish  Minttrelty,  voL  ÎL,  p.  861, 
sq.,  has  published  some  extracte  from 
this  book  in  the  original  Irish,  which 
prove,  beyond  a  doubt,  that  the  work 
must  have  been  of  a  much  later  age 
than  that  of  Mac  Liag,  or  that  if  it  was 
by  him,  the  phraseology  and  language 
must  have  been  greatly  modemized  by 
its  transcribers.  The  specimene  of  it 
printed  by  Mr.  Hardiman  are  in  a 
dialect  of  Irish  which  cannot  be  older 
than  the  seventeenth  centuiy. 

^(yiUaiy,  Trans.  Ibemo-Celtic  So- 
ciety,  p.  Ixx.     DtMin,,  1820. 


XXII 


INTRODUCTION. 


Kta!&ag 
doesnot 
namethft 
aathor. 


has  gîven  the  foUowîng  account^  of  it,  în  which,  however, 
he  says  nothing  of  its  author : — 

"  I  have  a  full  history  written  of  these  wan  of  Ireland,  which  in  the  Talgar 
tongae  ia  called  Coffodh  Gamdhel  re  GaUaXbhy  Le.,  Wan  of  the  Irish  with  the 
foraignen ;  in  which  from  A.D.  812,  when  (as  Eginhard,  or  some  other  author  of 
the  same  ige,  in  his  Life  of  Charlemagne,  says)  *  The  fleet  of  the  Northmen  in- 
yaded  Ireland,  the  island  of  the  Scoţi ;  and  after  a  battle  with  the  Soots,  an  innu- 
merable  moititade  of  the  Northmen  was  destroyed,  and  in  an  ignominioos  flight 
retumed  home.*  Almost  erery  jear'afterwardB  we  read  df  fresh  battles  and 
conflicte  of  the  Irish  with  the  Danes  and  Northmen,  unUl  the  year  1012  or 
1018  {rtad  1014],  when,  in  a  great  hattk  fought  on  the  plaln  of  Clontarf,  near 
Dublin,  with  yery  great  slanghter  on  both  sides,  the  strength  of  each  was  so 
irreparably  weakened,  that  neither  people  tuu  sinoe  been  able,  even  to  the  present 
day,  to  recorer  its  original  strength  andpower.  For  there  fell  in  tliat  battle  the 
principal  chieftains  and  nobles  both  of  the  Irish  and  Northmen,  with  the  far- 
famed  King  of  Ireland  himself,  Brian  Bommha,  or  Boromoens;  who,  sajra 
Marianos  Scotos,  on  Good  Friday,  9  KaL  Maii,  was  slain,  his  hands  and  mind 
intent  on  prayer  to  God.** 

Eeatîng  also,  at  the  commenoement  of  his  histoiy  of 
the  invasions  of  the  Northmen,  in  the  reign  of  Aedh  Oir- 
nidhe,  quotes*  the  Cogadh  Oall  re  Oaedhiolaihh  under 
that  name»  as  his  principal  source  of  information,  and 
tells  ns  that  his  narrative  is  only  an  abridgment  of  that 
work.  He  says  nothing,  however,  of  its  author.  Can  it 
be  believed  that  these  eminent  authorities  could  all  have 
been  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  the  work  had  been  composed 


^AcoomU,  "Extatapudme  integra 
historia  de  his  bellis  Hibemice  con- 
scripta,  qns  vulgari  sermone  Cogadh 
ffooidkel  rt  gaUmbkt  Le.  bella  Hibemo- 
rom  cam  idienigenis,  nnncupatnr ;  in 
qna  ab  anno  Christi  812,  qno  (inqnit 
Eginaidns,  vel  alins  aathor  ejasdem 
sscoU,  hi  vita  Caroli  magnl,)  ClauU 
Nwrimamwrum  Stbermam,  Seotonm 
tfunloai,  o^i^v^stia;  ooummcso  pralio  cum 
SooHm^  inmmerabiîit  wnuUitudo  Nort- 
mamtonm  exUnda  ett,  ei  imjfUer  fur- 
gUndo  reveni  mmt :  singalis  pane 
nnnlş  logantor  nova  prslia  et  con- 
flictas  HIbemorum,  cam  Danis  et 
Normannis,  nsqae  ad  annam  Christi 
1012,  vel  1018,  quo  ingenti  pralio,  în 


campo  de  Cbunt^Tarhh,  juxta  Dub-- 
liniam  commisso,  cum  summa  utri- 
usque  partis  clade,  mutuas  viies  ita 
irreparabiliter  debilltarunt,  ut  neutra 
gens,  in  hune  usque  diem,  pristinam 
recuperaverint  potentiam  vel  vires. 
Occubuemnt  enim  in  eo  praslio  pr»- 
cipni  et  Hibemorum  et  Nortmannorom 
Principes  et  Proceres,  cum  ipso  longd 
celebri  Hibemii»  Bege,  Briano  Bo- 
raimhe,  sen  Boromieo ;  qui,  inquit  Ma- 
rianos Scotos ;  ipto  Paratceve  Patchtt 
ferioy  9  Cakndae  Maii,  mambu»  et 
mente  in  Deum  imttnUie^  neoutw."* 
Actt  SS.,  jp.  106,  ooL  2,  n.  8. 

•  QntoUa,  O'Connor's  Transl.,  p.  418. 
O'HahonyV  Transl.,  p.  49& 


INTRO0UCTION. 


XXIII 


by  Mac  liag,  the  "  chief  poet  of  Ireland,"  the  bard  of 
Eiog  Brian  himself,  or,  knowing  thiS)  could  have  con- 
oealed  a  circumstance  so  important  to  its  authenticity  ? 
And  if  Keating,  the  Four  Masters,  and  Colgan  were 
ignorant  of  its  authorship  in  the  seventeenth  oentniy, 
how  did  Dr.  O'Conor,  in  the  nineteenth,  aequire  the  infor- 
mation  on  the  subject^  which  enabled  him  to  attribute  it 
80  dogmatically  to  Mac  Liag  ? 

Mac  liag  died,  as  we  have  seen,  in  1016,  two  yeaors  Not  impo»- 
only  after  his  maşter,  Brian.    He  had,  therefore,  it  may  ^^®  ^^ 
be  said,  but  a  short  time  to  compile  this  work,  which  is  may  have 
brought  down  to  the  year  of  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  in  J^oî* 
which  Brian  felL    But  it  was  surely  not  impossible,  that 
in  two  yeara  a  diligent  and  well  read  author  ahould  have 
composed  such  a  histoiy.    He  might  have  had  the  earlier 
part  of  it  written  and  lying  by  him  long  before.    Neither 
is  it  a  condusive  argument  that  a  stanza  of  poetry  of 
which  Mac  liag  is  himself  said  to  have  been  the  author, 
is  quoted^  in  the  book.     This  may  have  been  one  of  the 
interpolations  which  we  know  were  introduced  into  later 
transcript&    Or  the  author  himself  may  have  quoted  one 
of  his  own  poems,  naming  himself,  which  is  not  unusual, 
in  the  third  person.     It  may  be  fairly  urged,  however,  that 
if  the  transcribers  had  believed  Mac  Liag  to  have  been  the 
author  of  the  prose  narrative,  whether  they  had  found  the 
poetical  quotation  in  the  original  MS.  or  not,  they  would 
scaroely  have  paased  over  the  opportunity  of  saying  so. 

There  are  one  or  two  other  apparent  indications  of  a  Appwent 
more  recent  date,  which  may  be  properly  noticed  here.  *^^<»*»on» 
One  of  these  is  that  the  Danes  are  made  to  speak  Emgliah.  recent  date. 
This  would  have  been  a  natural  mistake  enough  for  an 
Irish  author  of  a  period  subsequent  to  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury,who  was  not  well  versed  in  Teutonic  languages.     The 
English  were  generally,  and  indeed  are  stiU  veiy  com- 


^  Om  the  iubfecL  Dr.  CConor  gives 
Bo  aathority  for  his  statement.  His 
worda  are  quoted  abore,  p.  zz,  note  2, 


^Quoted,  This  gtanxa  (four lmes)i8 
introduced  by  the  words,  '**of  which 
Kac  Liag  said."    See  p.  95. 


XXIV 


INTRODUCTION. 


TheO'La* 

teansof 

ManBtar. 


monly  called  in  Irelond  by  the  same  name  of  Ghiillf  or 
foreigners,  which  was  given  to  the  Norsemen.  But  the 
mistake,  however  natural,  could  not  have  been  committed 
before  the  English  invasion,  and  therefore,  if  the  words 
are  really  English,  and  were  so  written  by  the  original 
author,  they  would  be  evidence  against  the  early  date  of 
the  work.  But  this  is  by  no  means  certain.  We  are  told 
(p.  175),  that  "Plait,  son  of  the  King  of  Lochlainn," 
having  been  challenged  by  Domhnall  Mac  Emhin,  a 
Scottish  ehieflain,  to  single  combat,  cried  out  at  the  head 
of  the  troops  on  the  following  moming,  "  Faras  Domhnall," 
which  the  Irish  historian  tmndates  into  his  own  tongue. 
Căit  ita  Dorahnall,  Where  is  Domhnall  ?  Faras,  how- 
ever, may  be  an  attempt  to  represent  the  pronimciation 
of  the  Danish  Hvar  er,  although  it  certainly  looks  more 
like  the  English  Where  ia.  In  another  place  (p.  203), 
we  read  that  when  the  Earl  Brodar,  after  the  battle, 
rushed  into  Brian's  tent,  one  of  his  foUowers  cried  out, 
*'  King,  King."  Brodar,  seeing  that  Brian  had  been  at 
prayers,  answered,  "  No,  No  ;  but  prist,  prist."  These 
words  are  apparently  English ;  nevertheless  the  original 
Danish  may  have  been  translated  into  English,  by 
modem  transcribers.  The  portion  of  the  narrative  in 
which  the  words  occur,  exists  only'  in  the  Brussels  MS. ; 
and  it  is  not  improbable  that  O'Cleiy,  transcribing  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  fiimiliar  with  the  English 
language,  may  have  written  king  for  kânge,  priat  for 
preatr,  and  no  for  n^;  or  else  that  all  this  may  be  an  in- 
terpolation.  These  considerations  render  it  impossible  to 
regard  this  argument  as  absolutely  conclusive  against  the 
early  date  of  the  work. 

There  is  another  difficulty.     Brian's  servant,  or  per- 
sonal attendant,  who  was  with  him  during  the  battle 


1  Exittt  oniy,  That  is  to  aay,  the 
Bnuseb  MS.  is  the  oniy  one  which 
containB  the  portion  of  the  namtive 
in  which  these  seemingly  English  words 
now  occnr.    The  extract  from  Mac 


Liag's  Life  of  Brian,  printed  by  Mr. 
Hardiman,  Mimtrehyy  iL  p.  364,  al- 
thoagh  it  gives  the  same  acconnt  of  the 
death  of  Brian,  sa^  nothing  of  these 
supposed  Danish  or  English  words. 


INTRODUCTION. 


XXV 


(see  p.  197),  ia  said  to  have  been  named  Latean^  and  it  îs 
added,  ^'from  whom  are  [descended]  the  O'Lateans  stîll 
in  Munster."  It  is  clear  that  the  original  author,  if  he 
had  written  when  Latean,  the  ancestor  of  this  family,  was 
alive,  could  not  possibly  have  thus  spoken  of  his  descend- 
ants  ;  but  a  clause  of  this  kind  is  just  the  sort  of  inter- 
polation'  that  a  scribe,  living  at  a  later  period,  when  the 
fianily  of  C^Latean  had  mnltiplîed,  would  have  naturally 
introduced,  forgetting  the  anachronism  of  which  he  thereby 
made  his  author  guilty. 

On  the  whole  we  may  conclude  that,  although  the  work  The  author 
in  its  present  form  is  modemized  and  interpolated,  the  ^^^  of' 
original   of  it  was  nevertheless  undoubtedly  ancient.*  UngBriaiu 
There  is  no  evidence  to  prove  that  its  author  was  Mac 
Liag,  the  bard  of  the  Dai  Cais,  in  the  court  of  Eing  Brian 
Borumha.     But  its  author  was  either  himself  an  eye- 
witness  of  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  or  else  compiled  his  narra- 
ti ve  firom  the  testimony  of  eye-witnesses.  He  was  certaînly, 
as  we  have  already  observed,  a  partizan  of  king  Brian. 

That  the    work   was    compiled  firom    contemporary  Thewoik 
materials  may  be  proved  by  curious  incidental  evidence.  J^^. 
It  is  stated  in  the  account^  given  of  the  Battle  of  Clon-  tempormiy 
tarf,  that  the  full  tide  in  Dublin  Bay  on  the  day  of  the  *'*«'^"<*^ 
battle  (23rd  April,  1014),  coincided  with  sunrise;  and  that 
the  retuming  tide  at  evening,  aided  considerably  in  the 
defeat  of  the  enemy. 

It  occurred  to  the  Editor,  on  considerîng  this  passage, 
that  a  criterion  might  be  derived  firom  it  to  test  the  truth 


1  fnterpoîoHon.  The  paienthesis, 
**from  whom  are  the  O^Lateans  still 
m  Mnnster,**  ia  not  in  the  extract  from 
the  "Life  of  Brian,**  printed  bj  Mr. 
Hardiman,  TMii.,  p.  864.  Thia  adda 
Bome  pFobabîIitj  to  the  conjectnre  that 
the  parenthesis  in  qnestion  ia  an  inter- 
polation. 

'  Andent.  In  chap.  xliL,  p.  55,  a 
poem  by  Coan  O'Lochan,  "the  poet 
and  chief  sage  (ottam)  of  Erinn  and 
Alba,**  aa  he  ifl  there  styled,  is  qnoted. 
This  poet,  according  to  the  Irish  An- 


nals,  died  in  1024,  ten  years  after  the 
Battle  of  Clontarf.  He  was  chief  poet 
or  bard  in  the  court  of  King  Mael- 
seachlainn,  or  Malachy  II.  See  Dr. 
0'DonoTan*s  Introd.  to  the  Book  of 
Rights,  p.  zlii.  »ţ.  The  fact,  therefore, 
that  some  of  his  verses  are  qnoted  is 
no  objection  to  the  antiquity  of  the 
present  work;  the  verses  maj  have 
been  composed  many  years  before  his 
death. 

8  Account    See  chap.  cviL,  p.  191 
wi/ro. 

C 


XXVI 


INTRODUCTION. 


of  the  narrative,  and  of  the  date  assîgned  by  the  Irish 

Annals'  to  the  Battle  of  Clontarf.     He  therefore  proposed 

to  the  Rev.  Samuel  Haughton,  M.D.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  Col- 

lege,  and  Professor  of  Geology  in  the  University  of  Dublin, 

to  solve  for  him  this  problem : — "  What  was  the  hour  of 

high  water,  at  the  shore  of  Clontarf,  in  Dublin  Bay,  on  the 

23rd  of  April,  1 01 4  ?"    The  Editor  did  not  make  known  to 

Dr.  Haughton  the  object  he  had  in  view  in  this  question, 

and  the  coincidence  of  the  result  obtained  with  the  ancient 

narrative,  is  therefore  the  more  valuable  and  curious. 

CalcalAtion      Dj.^  Haughton  communicated  the  particulars  of  his  cal- 

of  high      culation  to  the  Royal  Irish  Acâdemy  in  May,  1861,  in  the 

^*f  **     following  words^  1-7 

bD6  DftbUO 

of  Clontarf.  **  From  twelve  o'dock,  noon,  of  the  28rd  April,  1014,  to  the  noon  of  the  12th 
Deoember,  1860,  ailowing  for  the  change  of  styie  and  leap  jearB,  there  were 
809,228  real  days. 

"  The  synodical  period  of  the  moon  is  29*580588715  days,  and  new  moon 
occnrred  on  the  12th  December,  1860,  at  47*6  minatee  after  noon.  Multiply- 
îng  the  length  of  the  synodlcal  month  by  10472  montha,  we  find 

29-580588715  X  10472  =  309244*825  days. 
From  which,  gnbtracting  the  nnmber  of  days  from  28ni  April,  1014,  to  12th 
December,  1860,  or  309,228  days,  we  find 

21*825  days,  or  21*  7»»  48». 


1  Annab,  The  Annala  of  Ulster  gire 
the  date  A.D.  1014,  and  thusdescribe 
the  chionological  criteria  of  the  year : 
*'Kal.  Jan.  6th  feria,  Luna  26  f  that 
ia  to  say,  the  Ist  of  Jan.  fell  on  Friday 
(or  the  Sondayletter  was  C) ;  and  the 
epaot,  or  age  of  the  moon  on  the  Ist  of 
Jannaiy,  was  26.  The  chronicle  then 
adds,  **  Hic  est  annns  octavus  cu-culi 
decemnovalis**  [Le.,theOoldennumber 
is  8]  **  et  hic  est  cccoc  et  bcxzii,  ab  ad- 
▼entn  sancti  Patricii  ad  baptizandos 
ScotoB.  peifgTVisoTVT^iaTiinit^fOciif 
rnincoifc  i  famţuro  ifin  btia-o- 
cnnri,  quodnon  auditnm  est  ab  antiqois 
temporibns.**  The  Irish  wordshayebeen 
entirely  misunderstood  by  Dr.  0*Conor. 
^e  correct  transUtion  of  them  is 
this:  ''Thefeast  of  St.  Gregory  [12th 
Maich]  fell  after  Shiovetide,  andlittle 
Easter  [the  Ist  Sunday  after  Easter] 
fell  in  Summer  [le.,  after  the  Ist  of 


May]  in  that  year.**  AU  these  criteria 
point  out  the  year  1014,  in  which 
Easter  fell  on  the  latest  day  possible. 
Tiz.,  25th  April;  therefore  ShroTe 
Taesday,  called  by  the  Irish,  init, 
(Welsh,  ţfitjfi)^  i.e.,  iniiium  jejnnii,  was 
the  9th  March,  and  "  little  £aster,"  or 
Low  Snnday,  the  2nd  May ;  the  same 
late  Easter  had  not  happened  before 
since  A.D.  482.  The  dates  in  the  An- 
nals  of  the  Four  Masters,  at  this  period, 
are  a  year  short,  so  that  their  1018 
answers  to  A.D.  1014.  Dr.  Dasent, 
"Story  of  Bumt  Njal"  (Introd.  voL  L 
p.  cxcv.),  speaking  of  the  date  of  this 
battle,  States  that  it  took  place  on 
"Good  Friday,  the  18th  April,  1014 ;" 
but  the  18th  of  April  in  that  year  waa 
Palm  Snnday.  The  true  day  of  the  bat- 
Ue  was  Oood  Friday,  23rd  April,  1014. 
>  Wordi.  Proceedings,  Boyal  Irish 
Academy,  voi.  yii.,  p.  496. 


INTBOmţCTrON.  XXVII 

"  It  foflowa  from  Uiia  calcnlation  that  new  moon  occurred  at 
April,    .  .    28*    O*  47-6"— lOU,  A.D. 

Miniu  .  .    21      7    48 


Or,  at  .  .1*  ie"»  69-6««»— April,  1014,  A.D. 

t.c,  tt  5  oVlock  on  the  moming  of  the  2iid  ApriL 
^'Thoefore  foii  moon  ooctured  at 

April,    ...    1*  16»»  69-6»» 
Plus      .        .        .  14    18    21-6 


16*  11»»  21-2» 
Thenfore  the  astrononuca],  or  tme  full  moon,  occunred  at  21  minnteB  paat 
deren  tt  ni^t  of  the  16th  April,  1014. 

"  Calcolating  by  the  establUhed  mles,  the  calendar  or  eccieaiaatical  full  moon 
oecorred  on  the  18th  April,  1014  (Snnday),  which  ironld  therefore  make  Easter 
Day  fdl  on  the  25th  April,  and  make  the  28rd  April,  Good  Fridaj,  agreeable 
to  the  traditiona  of  the  Battle  of  Clontarf. 

"  I  sball  now  8how  that  the  calcnlation  of  the  tidee  makes  it  qnite  certain  that 
the  date  1014  falia  in  with  all  the  phyaical  circnmstances  related  of  the  battle. 

"  It  appea»  from  the  calcnlation  that  I  hare  given  alreadj  that 
The  age  of  the  moon  at  noon  on  the  23rd  April,  1014,  waa  21-292  daya,  or 

21*  7^  nearly. 

"  The  tide  was  therefore  a  neap  tide,  and  the  moon  in  her  third  qnarter. 

'*  From  the  Academy's  obeervationa  [on  the  tidea  ronnd  the  coaat  of  Ireland], 

ît  appears  that  on  such  a  day  of  the  moon'a  age,  at  the  spring  equino3C,  the  tide 

tt  Kingstown  is  full  at 

51»  22"  in  the  moming, 

from  which  it  followt  that  the  tide  along  the  Clontarf  thore,  when  not  ob- 

stmcted  by  embankmenta  and  walla,  could  not  have  differed  many  minutet  on 

the23id  April,  1014,  from 

51»  80*  A.M ; 

the  erming  tide  being  full  in  at 

The  truth  of  the  naxrative  (see  p.  191),  is  thus  most 
strikingly  established.  In  the  month  of  April,  the  stin 
rises  at  firom  5^  3(r  to  4»>  30"».  The  full  tide  in  the  mom- 
ing therefore  coincided  nearly  with  sunrise :  a  fact  which 
holds  a  most  important  place  in  the  history  of  the  battle, 
and  proves  that  our  author,  if  not  himself  an  eye-witness, 
must  have  derived  his  Information  from  those  who  were. 
"None  otherB,"  as  Dr.  Haughton  observes,  "could  have 
invented  the  fact  that  the  battle  begân  at  sunrise,  and 
that  the  tide  was  then  full  in.  The  importance  of  the 
time  of  tide  became  evident  at  the  dose  of  the  day,  when 
the  retumed  tide  prevented  the  escape  of  the  Danes  from 
the  Clontarf  shore  to  the  North  bank  of  the  liffey." 

c2 


XXVIII 


INTRODyCTION. 


Summary  of  the  Contenta  of  the  Work, 

The  work  "We  may  now  proceed  to  ffive  a  more  particular  account 
two  parts.  of  ^^^  contenta  of  the  present  work,  wliich  divides  iteelf 
înto  two  parts.  The  first  part  ends  with  the  chapter 
numbered'  XL.,  and  contains  an  account  in  chronological 
order,  or  what  is  meant  to  be  so,  of  the  arrival  of  the 
"fleets"  of  the  Norsemen  in  different  parts  of  Ireland, 
espedally  the  southem  or  Munster  district.  The  second 
part,  from  chap.  XLI.  to  the  end,  is  devoted  to  the  history 
of  the  Dai  Cais,  or  Munster  Chiefbains,  and  particularly 
to  the  achievements  of  their  great  hero,  Brian,  his  usurpa- 
tion  of  the  throne  of  Ixeland,  for  such  it  was,  and  his 
death  in  the  celebrated  Battle  of  Clontarf 

The  story  is  told  veiy  much  after  the  manner  of  the 
Seandinavian  Sagas,^  with  poems  and  fragments  of  poems 
introduced  into  the  prose  narrative.    The  style  is  inflated 


Resemblet 
the  Sean- 
dinavian 
Saga. 


1  Numbered.  The  editor  has  taken 
the  liberty  of  prefixing  these  nnmben 
to  the  paragraphfl  or  chapters  of  the 
work  for  the  convenience  of  reference; 
thej  are  not,  of  course,  in  the  MSS. 

*  Soffcu.  It  may  be  qnestioned 
whether  the  Saga  Uteratore  waa  not 
an  imitation,  on  the  part  of  the  North- 
men,  of  the  historical  tales  and  bardic 
poema  which  they  had  foond  in  Ire- 
land.  Many  sach  productions,  of  nn- 
donbted  antiqnity,  are  still  extant  in 
the  Irish  langoage.  In  the  Book  of 
Leinster,  a  MS.  written,  as  we  have 
seen,  bef ore  the  middle  of  the  twelfth 
oentnry,  there  ia  a  cnrions  list  of  Ro- 
mantic talea,  which,  as  we  infer  from 
thoee  of  them  that  are  still  extant, 
were  exactly  similar  to  the  Sagas 
of  the  Northmen.  Mr.  O'Cnrry  has 
printed  this  interesting  list,  with  a 
translation  (I.ectiiru,  Append.  No.  1, 
Ixxxix,  p.  684).  They  amonnt  in  all 
to  187;  and  mnst,  of  conrse,  be  all  of 
greater  antiquity  than  thia  catalogae 
of  them  written  in  the  twelfth  cen- 


tury.  We  cannot  be  wrong,  theref ore, 
in  assuming  that  such  tales  were  po- 
pular with  the  Irish  in  the  tenth  and 
eleventh  centuries  at  latest.  But  we 
leam  from  Snorro  Sturleson  (in  the 
Preface  to  his  Heknskrifigla)  that 
*^The  priest  Are  hinn  Frode  [or  the 
Wise],  son  of  Thorgila,  son  of  GeUis, 
was  the  first  man  who  wrote  down 
in  the  Norse  langnage  nanatires  of 
events  both  old  and  new."  Are  hinn 
Frode  was  bom  in  Iceland,  in  1067, 
and  lired  to  1148,  or  as  some  thlnk 
1158.  This  was  about  the  time  when 
the  above-mentioned  list  of  Iiish 
historical  tales  was  compîled,  and 
Are  hinn  Frode  only  foUowed  the 
practice  which  had  before  his  time 
prevaOed  In  Ireland.  The  reader  may 
see  specimens  of  these  tales  in  the 
'*  Battle  of  Magh  Rath,"  or  Moira, 
published,  with  a  translation  and  notes, 
by  Dr.  D*DonoTan,  for  the  Irish  Ar- 
clueoloţ^cal  Society;  the  t*  Battle  of 
Ifagh  Lena,**  with  the  ^'Courtship  of 
Momera,"edited  by  Mr.O^Curry  ,for^e 


INTRODTTCTION. 


XXIX 


and  bombastic,  dealing  largely  in  alliterative  epithets  and 
words  of  synonjonous  meaning,  for  which  it  is  abnost 
impossible  to  find  equivalents  in  the  English,  or  perhaps 
any  other  language.^ 

The  Iove  of  alliteration  appears  in  the  very  title  of  the  The  word 
TTork,  Cogadh  Oaedhil  re  OaMaibh,  "  The  wars  of  the  qJ^^' 
Gaedhel  with  the  Gaill,"  or  of  the  Irish  with  the  Foreign- 
er&  (roZZ  was  in  all  probability  aname  given  to  all  stran- 
gers  who  spoke  a  foreign  language,  and  were  therefore  at 
first  confounded  with  the  Galii,*  or  Gauls,  the  foreigners 
best  known  to  the  aboriginal  Irish.  Connac's  Glossary* 
tells  us  that  pillar  stones  were  caUed  Oally  because  they 
were  first  erected  in  Ireland  by  the  Galii,  or  primitive 
inhabitants  of  France.  After  the  twelfth  century  the 
name  of  Gali,  as  we  have  already  observed,  was  given  to 
the  EngUsh;  and  the  Highlanders  of  Scotland  employ  it 


Cehie  Sociefy:  and  sereral  othen  în 
the  pabllcations  of  the  Ossianic  So- 
ciety.  It  18  evident  that  Ireland  had 
the  priority  over  the  North  in  this 
spedes  of  popular  literatare ;  and  it  ia 
worthy  of  note  that,  both  in  the  Norttf 
and  in  Ireland,  the  Saga  or  hiatoric 
Tale  waa  in  the  yemacnlar  language 
of  the  people,  not  în  the  Latin  of  the 
monasteriea.  They  were  read  at  public 
cntertainments,  aa  well  as  at  the  flre- 
side,  and  their  popnlarity  accoonta  for 
the  ranarkable  Iove  of  historical  lore, 
aa  weQ  aa  the  aîngolar  knowledge  of 
the  l^gendary  hiatory  of  their  coontry, 
which  was  once  characteristic  of  the 
Iriah  peaaantrj. 

^Lamffmige,  The  Iriah  bards  and 
historiana,  of  the  period  to  which  thla 
woik*  belongs,  appear  to  have  conai- 
dered  it  a  great  beanty  in  style  to  heap 
together  synonymona  worda  beginning 
with  the  same  letter.  For  examples 
of  this  alliteration,  aee  p.  56:  darmnaid 
dem  dMmg  dirtctea ;  gamanraidgertUa 
ffOMta  jfoiaigh  gtdmaiff  gaitgbeoda ; 
eroda  eonmerta  comeabna ;  lomut  UUmT' 
ra€ka  huMmura;  hnxiha  brigi  bagi 
beodaekia;  etc. 


>  GoUi.    See  Colgan,   7V.  TA.,  p. 
638,  col.  2. 

*  Glomny,  See  Stokes's  ed.,  p.  28. 
C»sar,  B.  G.,  i.  1,  seema  to  say  that 
Galiua  was  the  Roman  pronunciation 
of  CeUf  which  word,  aa  some  think,  is 
Gaedhel  i  bnt  if  so,  it  woold  fqllow 
that  the  Irish  nsed  the  Roman  pro- 
nunciation of  the  name  of  their  own 
nation,  to  denote  foreigners.  The  de- 
rivation  of  Gali,  from  yizKcu,  milk, 
given  in  Cormac's  Gloseaiy,  in  conae- 
quence  of  the  milk-white  complexion 
of  the  Ganla,  is  of  conrse  absurd ;  bnt 
it  showB  that  the  word  waa  understood 
to  mean  Gand^  and  that  it  ia,  in  fact, 
Gafhu.  The  German  ira2fcA,generally 
uaed  to  designate  the  Italiana,  but  ap- 
plied  also  to  anything  foreign,  seems  a 
cognate  word.  Giraldus  Cambrenaia 
tells  ns  that  the  Anglo  Saxona  gave 
the  name  of  Walea  to  the  countiy  of 
the  Britona,  firom  a  word  in  their  own 
hmgnage,  which  signified /ore^  De- 
9cripL  Cambrim,  L  c  7.  GeU,  or  Gelgn, 
pi.  GaUm^  in  Welsh  is  "an  enemy.** 
In  Irish,  GaiU  is  the  nominative,  and 
Gali  the  genitive,  plnraL 


INTBODUCTION. 


in  the  same  way  to  denote  the  Lowlanders.  It  was. 
evidently  the  generic  name  whicK  included  all  strangeis; 
and  the  compound  term  Oall-gaedhelS  waa  given  to  the 
desoendants  of  mixed  pai*ents,  the  Scandinavian  Irish» 
who  hadlapeedinto  paganism,  or,  having  been  brought  up 
.among  the  then  heathen  Norsemen,  were  never  under 
Christian  instraction. 
Ţwodia-  In  the  commencement  of  the  work  the  author  dis- 
tîesof  Sau-  tinguishes  between  two  distinct  parties  of  Scandinavian 
^^^°*ti*^  invaders;  the  firet  axe  termed  "azure  Gentiles,"  but  în 
the  older  MS.  LochZanns;  the  second  are  caUed  **  Danars,"' 
or  Dane&  No  inference  can  be  diawn  firom  the  word 
goTTnglasaf  translated  "azure,"  applied  to  the  former.  It 
signifies  UteraUy  blue-green,  a  pale  and  greenish  blue : 
glaucua.  In  the  account  afterwards  given  of  the  Battle 
of  Clontar^  it  is  appUed  to  those  of  the  Northmen  who 
wore  plate  armour  ;^  the  term  can  scaroely  be  regarded 
as  intended  to  be  a  characteristic  of  the  azure  GentUea 
as  distinguished  from  the  Banala,  for  it  is  omitted  in 
the  older  MS.,  and  is  elsewhere  applied^  to  the  Gaill  or 


^  GaO-gaedheL  O'Flaherty  (C^., 
p.  360)  thonght  that  these  wore  the 
inhabitmts  of  the  smaUer  BritÎBh  u- 
Umdfl — OrkneyB,  Hebrides,  ICan,  &c, 
which  the  Iriah  called  Inai-gaR,  or 
"  IfllanâB  of  the  forelgners.**  The  Four 
Maştera  abo(A.D.  1 154,  p.  1118)  speok 
of  the  GaU-Gaedhela  of  Aran,  Cantire, 
MaOf  and  the  coaste  of  Sootland.  G<d- 
loway  îs  a  corraption  of  CriM-gaedhela, 
And  there  is  no  donbt  that  this  mixed 
race  constituted  a  hirge  proportion  of 
the  inhabitaats  of  these  islands.  Bat 
they  were  also  in  Ireland.  The 
*^Fimgments  of  Annals,**  pablished  hj 
the  Irish  ArchsoL  and  Celtic  Societj 
mention  them  as  settled  in  Munster, 
and  especially  in  the  coontj  of  Tip- 
peruy,  p.  138-41,  and  describe  them 
as  "a  people  who  had  renoonced  their 
baptism,  and  they  were  nsually  called 
Northmen  (iVomaiMia^A),  for  they  had 
the  costoms  of  Northmen,  and  had 
been  fostered  by  them;  and  although 


Ale  original  Northmen  were  bad  to  the 
chwches,  these  were  far  worae,  in 
whatever  part  of  Erinn  they  used  to 
be.*'  The  fact  of  their  apostacy,  how- 
ever,  is  not  notîoed  by  the  Four  Maş- 
tere, nor  by  the  Annals  of  Ulster;  al- 
thongh  their  existence  is  often  recog- 
nised.  See  Four  Mast  and  Ann.  Uit, 
from  854  to  856. 

^DanoTM.  Ch.i.,pk3.  Obsenrehere 
the  aUiteration,  **  6  genntibh,  gorm- 
glasa,  gosmara  ;**  **  6  danaraibh  doilge, 
dttrchroideacha;'*  and  see  note  ^  p.  2. 

>  Armcw,    See  p.  208. 

^AppUtd»  See  p.  159,  where  we 
bave  "  Danar  dana,  durcraidecha ; 
anmargaich  [for  DomnarcaicA,  the  D 
omitted|3  anbli,  allmarda;  Gaill  gozm- 
glasa,  gentlidi"  In  both  cases  the 
epithet  gvrmgUua^  "bine  or  acare," 
seems  to  have  been  selected,  principally 
because  its  iniţial  letter  was^ ;  and  was 
thereforeequallyi^plicableto  Ga»// and 
GetUiU, 


IKTRODUCTION. 


XXXI 


foreigners  in  general.  But  two  distinct  nations  of  the  Gaill 
are  here  undoubtedly  described  They  are  elsewhere 
distinguished  as  white  or  fair-haired,  and  black  or  dark- 
haired  foreigners,  the  Danes  being  the  dark,^  and  the  Nor- 
wegians,  induding,  perhaps,  Swedes,  the  white  race.  The 
term  Lochlann  seems  used  to  denote  the  countiy  of  the 
white  foreigners,  although  not  perhaps  with  entire  uni- 
formity.»  The  word  is  supposed  to  signify  Lake-land,»  a 
name  which,  if  we  understand  the  term  Lake  to  include 
jwrds  or  arms  of  the  sea/  would  well  describe  the  ooast  of 
Norway.  The  two  nations  are  represented  as  hostile  to  each 
otber,  and  battles^  between  them  not  unfrequently  took 
place.  But  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  our  author  does  not 
always  yery  dearly  distinguish  between  them  in  his 
descriptions  of  their  devastations  in  Ireland.  We  cannot 
even  be  mire  that  the  name  DaTie  is  not  sometimes  given 
to  the  Norwegians.  The  word  Dane  in  later  times  was 
certainly  used  to  signify  pirate,  robber,  a  cruel  and  fero- 
cious  barbarian,  without  distinction  of  nation. 

The  date  of  the  Scandinavian  invasions  is  defined  at  the  Date  of 
beginning  of  the  following  work  by  the  reigns  of  the^ţ^m" 
Kings  of  Ireland  and  Munster ;  and  an  inteipolator  adds  invaiions. 
a  complete  list  of  all  the  kings®  who  were  "  in  Cashel"  and 
"  in  Tara,"  during  the  whole  period  from  the  first  arrival 
of  the  strangers  to  the  Battie  of  Clontarf    The  pirates, 
we  are  told,  appeared  when  Airtri,  son  of  Cathal,  was 


1  Dark,  Thos  the  Danes  are  caUed 
*^  Black  Gentile  Danan,**  and  the  other 
raoe  "White  Gentiles,"  p.  19.  Seealao 
p.27. 

^Umfcrmitp,  The  name  Lochlannen 
ie  naed  as  distinguished  from  Danes,  in 
the  MS.  L.  (App.  A.,  p.  221),  and  see 
al0O  Froffmentâ  of  Atmaii,  p.  115,  tq. 

^Lak^hmd,  So  Dr.  O'firien  sajrs 
in  his  dictionaiy :  but  he  woold  apply 
tfae  word  to  the  black  as  well  as  to  the 
white  foreîgnen.  The  Irish  translator 
of  Kennins  seems  to  nse  the  word 
liochland  to  denote  Germany.  Iriâk 
^ermiusy  p.  84.   Mr.  OKahony,  in  his 


translation  of  Keating,  p.  4d8  m.,  en- 
deavours  to  prove  Lochlannach  to  be 
eqoivalent  to  Laplander ;  bnt  his  rea* 
sons,  althongh  ingenions,  are  not  satia- 
factory. 

*  Arm»  of  the  mo.  The  word  has 
freqnently  this  signification  in  li«buiid, 
e.^..  Loch  Foyle,  Loch  Swilly,  Belfaat 
Longh,  Loch  Caiman  (Wezlord),  Loch 
Lnrgan  (Galway),  &c — ^all  anns  of  the 


^Battht,  See  p.27,  and  Fragmenta 
of  Annals,  p.  117. 

*  Theiringg,  See p.  8-5,  and  note >, 
p.  4. 


XXXII 


TNTRODUCnON. 


King  of  Munster,   and  Aedh    Oîmidhe,  was    King  of 

Ireland.  This  latter  sov ereign  began  his  reign,  according  to 

OTlaherty's*  chronology,  in  the  year  797,  and  Airtri,  of 

Munster,  died  at  the  beginning  of  the  ninth  centuiy. 

Testîmony      The  Annals  of  Ulster,  however,  mention  the  firet  in- 

and  Wdflh  road  of  the  Northmen  at  their  year  794,  which  coincidea* 

-^*^°*^      with  A.D.  795,  or  two  yeara  before  the  reign  of  Aedh 

Oimidhe.    Their  words  are : — 


794.  The  buming  of  Rechni  by 
GentUea,  and  ita  shrines  were  broken 
and  plundered. 


794.  Lojxxro  tlei|vainne  6  ţetiti- 
OCUţ»  TH)  loTnţia'D. 

The  Four  Maatera  repeat  the  same  statement  under 
their  year  790,  which  Dr.  O'Donovan'  corrects  to  795. 
And  80  also  the  Welsh  Chronide,*  known  by  the  name  of 
Brut  y  Tywyaogion,  or  "  Chronicle  of  the  Chieftains," 
has  a  corresponding  record,  under  the  year  790,  equiva 
lent  also  to  AD.  795  : — 


Deg  mlyned  a  pednar  ngein  a  seith 
cant  oed  oet  Crist  pandenth  y  pagan- 
yeit  gyntaf  y  Iwerdon. 


Ten  yean  with  fotmcore  and  leven 
hondred  was  the  age  of  Christ  when 
the  pagans  firat  went  to  Ireland. 


Three  MSS.  add,  "ac  y  distrywyd  Rechrenn,"  "and 
destroyed  Rechrenn*." 


1  CfFlahfri^t  Chronology^  Ogyg.,  p. 
438.  Some  remarks  on  the  reigns  of 
theeekings  willbefoand  in  Appendiz  B. 

s  Coindda.  The  UUter  Annab  date 
from  the  era  of  the  Incaniation)  not 
from  the  Nativity,  m>  that  their  yean 
are  all  one  lees  than  A.D.  or  the  era 
of  the  Birth  of  onr  Lord. 

*  Vr.  C^DoHOvan.  Fonr  Mast,  toL 
I.,  p.  897. 

^O^rumek.  AttributedtoCaradocof 
LJancanran,  MomanaUaffitior,  Briita»- 
ma,  p.  848.  (Reprint  for  the  Maşter 
of  the  Rolla,  by  the  Rev.  J.  WiUiams 
ab  Ithel,  p.  9). 

sjiedb^iM.  This  name  haa  been 
giTen  to  more  than  one  of  the  smaller 
ialands  near  the  ooast  of  Ireland.  There 
was  a  Bechm  in  Dalriada,  now 
Raghery  or  Rathlinn  ialand,  off  the 


ooast  of  Antrim, which  Colgan(7V.  TA., 
p.  509,  610)  thought  was  the  Rechni 
here  intended.  He  is  followed  in  this 
by  Archdall,  MonatU  Sib.,  p.  12. 
Dr.  O'Conor  was  of  the  same  opinion. 
Bat  Dr.  Reeves,  Adamman.,  p.  164  n., 
gives  aome  reasons  for  thinking  that 
Rechni  of  Bregia,  now  Lambay  (i.e., 
Lamb-ey,  or  Lamb  island),  is  intended. 
This  ialand  is  sitnated  on  the  coast  of 
the  connty  of  Dublin,  in  the  antfent 
district  of  Magh  Bregh  or  Bregia. 
Rechni  is  the  correct  name,  as  we  leam 
from  Adamnan  (Vt<.  Cohmb,  i.  6), 
RechrasMi  being  the  genitive  and  also 
the  accnsatÎTe  case.  For  an  aooount  of 
the  Rechni  of  Dalriada,  see  Reeves 
(Ecdes.  Antiq.  of  Down  and  Connor,  p. 
288  sq.),  who  notices  other  islanda 
called  Rechni,  tft.,  {i.  292. 


INTRODUCTION. 


#•• 


±Kxm 


•  Another  form  of  the  Brut  y  Tyvyyaogion,  called  the 
Owentian  Chronicle,'  of  Caradoc  of  Llancarvan,  haa  ihe 
following  record  of  the  same  event,  at  the  same  year, 
795:— 


T  daeth  y  poganiaid  daon  gyntaf 
î  ynys  Piydain  o  wUd  Denmarc,  ac  a 
wnaethant  ddiygau  mawr  yn  LIoegr, 
wedi  hynny  daethant  i  Forganirgf  ac 
jno  Uadd  a  Uosgi  Ilawer,  ond  o*r  di- 
wedd  gof a*r  Cynuy  arnynt  au  gynu 
iV  mor  gwedi  lladd  Uawer  iawn  o  ho- 
nynt,  ac  yna  myned  iV  Wexddon  lle 
y  diffeithiaaaiit  Rechreyn  a  Ueoeddd 

CRUU. 


The  black  pagans  flrst  came  to  the 
ialand  of  Britain  from  Denmark,  and 
made  great  ravages  in  England;  after- 
wards  they  entered  GlamorgaU)  and 
there  kiUed  and  bumt  mnch;  but, 
at  laat,  the  Cjrmry  conqnered  them, 
driving  them  into  the  sea,  and  kiUing 
Tery  many  of  them ;  from  thence  they 
went  to  Ireland  and  devastated  Bech- 
reyn  and  other  plăcea. 


Here,  under  the  same  date,  we  have  the  same  fact, 
with  the  additional  Information  (not  found  in  the  other 
Welfih  chronicles)  that  the  party  of  ''  black  pagans/'  who 
were  the  first  of  their  nation  to  land  in  Ireland,  had 
previously  been  defeated  in  Glamorgaoshire,  and  aiter 
their  defeat  there  by  the  Cjonry,  had  sought  the  coasta 
of  Ireland  and  devastated  Bechru. 

We  may,  therefore,  safely^  adopt  the  year  795,  on  the 


1  GwaUian  ChnmicU.  Pablished  in 
Welah  in  the  Myvyrian  Archaologyy 
and  recently  with  a  traulation  by  Mr. 
Aneorin  Owen,  by  the  Cambrian  Ar- 
cbieological  Aaaociation. 

•  Sa/el».  It  ia  sUted  (p.  67  infra,) 
that  CorCfSon  of  Gas,  son  of  Ailioll  Olum, 
waa  **the  man  who  first  routed  the 
foreignefB.**  If  this  were  so,  the  Scan- 
dinavians  must  have  been  in  Ireland 
at  the  end  of  the  third  or  beginning 
of  the  fourth  oentuiy.  But  this  is  an 
cmmeoas  reading,  as  is  shown  in  the 
note  on  the  passage;  the  person  in- 
tended  was  Corc,  son  of  Anluan,  who 
moat  have  lived  about  A.D.  800  (see 
Append.  B^  GeneaL  Table  III.,  Na 
18>  Dr.  0*Gonor  was  of  opinion  that 
the  first  appearance  of  the  Norsemen 
in  Ireland  was  AD.  747,  in  which 
year,  aocording  to  bis  miatranslation 
of  a  passage  in  the  Annals  of  Ulster, 
Armaimr'h^    abbot   of   Muc-inia,    was 


*^  drowned  by  the  foreigners."  In  bis 
version  of  the  Annals  of  Ulster,  Rer. 
ffib.  ScriptU  iv.,  p.  92,  he  translates 
^'Dimersio  Arascachi  abbatis  insubs 
porcorum  ab  alienigenis,"  and  in  his 
Ann.  quat.  Magistror.  (Jb,  iii.,  p.  268), 
he  renders  the  same  words  '^Arasgachus 
abbas  Mucinensis  ab  alienigenis  demer- 
soA."  Mr.  Moore,  Hist.  of  Ireland, 
Yol.  IV.,  p.  2,  improves  npon  this,  and 
by  a  most  Indicrous  blunder,  assum- 
ing  the  island  spoken  of  to  be  the 
Rechru  mentioned  aboTe,  translates 
Dr.  O'Conor's  Latin  thns,  *'The  Annals 
of  Ulster  refer  to  AD.  747,  the  date 
of  this  attack  npon  Bechrann  by  the 
Danes,  and  record,  as  the  first  achieve- 
ment  of  these  marauders,  the  drown- 
ing  of  the  Abbot  of  Bechrann's  pigs." 
But  the  Annals  of  Ulster  at  747  make 
no  mention  of  Rechrann  or  of  Danes ; 
and  instead  of  the  abbot*s  pigs,  record 
the  drowning  of  the  abbot  himself. 


XXXIV 


INTRODUCnON. 


uniied  authority  of  the  Irish  and  Welsh  Annals,  as  ihe 
real  date  of  the  first  appearance  of  Scandinavian  pirates 
in  the  Irish  seas.  It  is  tnie  that  they  had  landed  some 
years  before^  in  England,  as  we  leam  fix)m  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  Chronicle;  and  our  author  makes  their  arrival  in 
Ireland  somewhat  later.  There  is  not,  however,  any  in- 
eonsistency.  The  year  795  is  given  in  the  Annals  as  the 
yeax  in  which  the  foreigners  plundered  the  island  of 
Bechru,  an  event  of  which  the  present  work  makes  no 
special  mention.  Our  author  evidently  speaks  of  their 
landing  on  the  mainland  of  Ireland,  when  he  dates  the 
beginning  of  their  invasions  fix)m  the  reigns  of  Aedh 
Oimidhe,  King  of  Ireland,  and  of  Airtri,  Eing  of  Mnnster. 
They  seem  to  have  attacked  at  first  the  islands  in  wl^ch 
were  Monasteries,  possessing  some  wealth ;  and  when  they 
found  that  the  spoils  of  these  establishments  were  obtained 


See  Dr.  0'Doaovân*8  note  on  thU  poa- 
sage,  Foor  liUsten,  A.D.  743,  p.  845. 
The  real  name  of  thiB  uland  (which  is  in 
Loch  Derg)  was  Jfucinis  Riagail  or 
Meffoil,  **  Hog  island  of  Riagal,"  or  St 
Ri^l^iu.  Dr.  O'Conor  divided  Riagail 
or  Re-gailţ  into  two  words,  and  not  re- 
collecting  that  the  Irish  name  for  the 
foreigners  was  Gaill,  with  a  double  ^ 
noiffml^  he  translated  "  ab  alienigenis," 
aesoming  riOf  or  re,  to  be  a  preposition. 
The  paasage  in  the  Annals  of  Ulster 
recordfl  only  the  fact,  that  the  abbot 
of  Mnc-iniS'Rioffail  was  drowned, 
without  any  mention  of  Danes  or  fo- 
reigners. 

^  Teors  ftţ/bre.  SeetheAnglo-Saxon 
Chronicle,  A.D.  787,  where  the  arrival 
of  three  shipe  on  the  coast  of  Dorset- 
shire  is  reoorded  as  the  flrst  landing  of 
the  Northmen  in  England.  They  are 
sald  to  have  come  from  **H»retha- 
lande,**  which  Mr.  Thorpe,  in  the 
Translation  acoompanying  the  reprint 
of  this  Chronicle  for  the  Maşter  of  the 
Bolls,  says  was  in  Norway.  Sirotha,  or 
IrruaUh^  is  the  Irish  name  for  Norway. 


They  are  immediately  afterwards  called 
Danish  ships,  **  Scipu  Daaniscra  man- 
na.'*  In  798  we  have  a  record  of  the 
destmction  of  "  God's  church  at  Lin- 
disfame,"  by  heathen  men;  and  in 
the  following  year  the  devastation  of 
Northumberland  by  the  heathen,  and 
the  plunder  of  Ecgferth's  monastery 
at  Donemuth,  now  Wearmooth.  Ai 
the  same  year  the  Annals  of  Ulster 
(793=794)  have  the  record  *<  vastatio 
omnium  insolanun  Britannis»  a  gen- 
tilibus.*"  In  795  they  plunderod  Hy, 
(now  corropUy  lona),  according  to  the 
Bodleian  Annals  of  Inisfallen,  where 
the  date  given  is  781 ;  but  as  tlus  is 
said  to  have  been  two  years  bef ore  the 
death  of  Donchadh,  King  of  Irelan^ 
the  trae  date  must  have  been  795.  In 
the  same  year,  according  to  the  same 
authority,  the  foreigners  bnmed  the 
islands  of  Inia  Muiredhaigh  (Inish- 
Muny,  co.  of  Sligo,)  and  Inis-bofinn, 
(oo.  of  Mayo).  But  these  ontrages 
ought,  perhaps,  to  be  dated  807,  at 
which  year  the  buming  of  Inish-Murry 
is  recorded  in  the  Aonals  of  Ulster. 


INTRODUCTION. 


with  little  or  no  resistanoe,  they  retumed  again  in  greater 
force,  and  attacked  the  mainland.  In  798  there  wsa  an 
invasion  of  the  Me  of  Man  by  the  ''Gentiles/'  who  bumed 
Inispatrick,  now  Hohn  Peel,  or  Peel  kland^  and  plun- 
dered  the  countiy.  On  their  retum  they  took  "  spoils 
of  the  sea,"  (which  probably  means  the  spoils  of  the 
Hebrides  and  other  islanda)  ''  between  Erinn  and  Alba/' 
These  events  are  descnbed  in  the  Armalfl  of  Ulster/  in 
the  following  words : — 


Combtii'Tno  mnfe  Poqfiaicc  6 
ţennci^  ocu|»  boţvime  na  qfii6  "oo 
bfveit,  ocoŢ  |xrp.iTi  "paâonna  tk) 
bţviY'ecpo  TKxnb,  ocay*  in'0|vewx 
infiq[ucTKxaboeneieiat\6xunfi  ocaţ* 
OCUMnn. 


The  bnmbig  of  InÎB-patrick  by  the 
Gentflee,  and  catUe  plander  of  the 
covntiy  was  borne  off,  and  the  shiine 
of  Dachonna  waa  broken  by  them,  and 
the  spoila  of  the  aea  [taken]  by  them 
alflo,  between  Erinn  and  Alba. 

Oor  Annals  make  no  mention  of  inroads  upon  the  main- 
land of  Ireland  until  the  year  807,  which  was  the  tenth 
year  of  ELing  Aedh  Oimidhe,  and  is  probably  the  dftte 
intended  by  our  author  m  the  oommencement  of  the 
Scandinavian  wars. 

On  the  whole  O'Flaherty's^  arrangement  of  these  events  OTlaher- 
may  be  accepted  as  most  consistent  with  the  records  pre-  *^j'  ®^"^ 
served  in  the  Irish  Annals,  and  in  the  present  work.  The  of  these 
piiates  b^an  their  devastations  on  the  islands  off  the  ^^^ 
coaste  of  Scotland  and  Ireland,  in  the  year  795,  which  was 
the  25th  year  of  Donnchadh,  son  of  Domhnall,  King  of 
Ireland.    Three  years  afterwards,  A.D.  798,  in  the  first 
year  of  Aedh  Omidhe,  they  plundered  Inis-patrick  of  Mau, 
and  the  Hebrides;  in  802  they  bumed  I-Columcille,  and 
again  in  806  plundered  the  same  island ;  but,  perhaps»  not 
then  without  resistance,  for  sixty-eight  of  the  monastic 
society  of  the  island  were  slain.*  The  next  year,  807,  they 


^Atmalt  of  UUtear,  At  A.D.  797 
(=798>  Foi*rl/.,A.D.793(=798). 
Dr.  O'DonoYan  undentood  the  Inis- 
patrick  here  meqtioned,  of  the  ialand 
80  called,  on  the  coast  of  Dublin.  But 
the  mention  of  the  shrine  of  Dach- 
onna, who  waa  bishop  of  Man,  proves 
that  Peel,  on  the  west  of  the  isle  of 


Man,  fonnerly  called  Insnla  Patridî, 
iB  intended.  See  Colgan,  iicft.  A9.  (ad 
18  Jan.),  p.  59.  Chronicle  of  Man,  by 
P.A.Munch,p.28,arif<iaiua.  1860. 

•  O'/ToAerty'â.    Ogyg.,  p.  488. 

'  Slain.  Annalfl  of  Ulster,  801, 805. 
"  Familia  I»  occiaa  est  a  gentilibus,  id 
est  IxTÎii.**    See  alao  Fonr  Masten. 


ixxvi 


INTRODTTCTÎON. 


entered  for  the  first  time  the  mainland  of  the  west  and 
Bouth  of  Ireland,  and  having  bumed  the  island  of  Inis- 
muiredhaigh,  or  Inishmurry,  off  the  coast  of  Sligo,  they 
advanced  inland  as  fietr  as  Roscommon.^  In  812  and  813 
we  find  them  in  Connaght  and  Munster,  and  they  suffer 
more  than  one  defeat  from  the  native  chiefbains ;  iinally 
in  815,  aocording  to  the  chronology  of  0*Flaherty  (or  more 
probably,  as  we  shall  see,  about  830),  Turgesius,  a  Norwe- 
gian,  established  himself  as  sovereign  of  the  foreigners,  and 
made  Armagh  the  capital  of  his  kingdom. 
The  pre-  Th©  present  work,  however,  takes  cognizance  chiefly 
sent  work  of  the  depredations  of  the  Korsemen  in  the  southem 
chiefly  of  half  of  Ireland.  Camas  6  Fothaidh  Tire,  was  the  first 
the  South,  place  at  which  they  landed.  Immediately  after,  Inis 
Labhrainn'  and  Dair-inis  were  bnmed  by  them,  and  they 
were  defeated  with  great  slaughter  by  the  Eoghanacht  of 
Loch  Lein,  now  the  Lake  of  Killamey.  There  is  a  Dair- 
inis  in  the  bay  of  Wexford,  caUed  Dair-inis  Caemhain, 
which  was  plimdered  by  the  Danes,'  A.D.  820.  But  Dair- 
inis,  or  ''  Oak  Island,"  was  a  name  given  to  more  than  one^ 


1  Roscommon.    Ann.  Uit.,  800. 

s/f»M  Labhrainn,  This  was  an  is- 
land probably  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
andently  called  Labraitmej  which,  as 
Dr.  0*DonoYan  conjecturi»  (Fonr 
Blast,  at  A.BI.  8751  note)  was  the 
same  as  that  now  called  Casan  Ciar- 
raighe,  or  Cashen  river,  counţy  of 
Keny.  The  Eoghanacht  of  Loch 
Lein  were  a  tribe  seated  on  the  east 
of  the  Lake  of  Killamey,  barony 
of  Magnnihy,  connty  of  Keny. 
O'Flaherty,  Offjfff^  p.  828.  See 
Four  Masters,  807;  Ann.  Uit,  811, 
tme  date  812.  They  had  their  name 
ftrom  their  ancestor  Eoghan  m6r,  son 
of  Oilioll  Olom,  but  were  the  imme- 
diate  descendants  of  Conall  Corc  (4th 
in  descent  from  Eoghan  m6r).  See 
Append.  B.,  Table  IV.,  No.  6.  Camas 
6  FotKaidh  Tire  was  probably  m  the 
territoiy  of  Corca-Lnighe,  S.W.  of  the 
preeent  connty  of  Cork.    See  Mitcd- 


lany  of  Celtic  Society,  p.  43,  50^9; 
and  Faur  Jf.,  818,  849,  with  Dr. 
0'Donovan*s  notes.  Comat  signifiee  a 
bendinariver.  KeatingcallsitCaoimh 
Inis  6  bFothaidh,  or,  according  to  other 
copies,  Caoimh  Inis  Uibh  Rathaigh ; 
i.e.,  **  Fair,  or  beantifnl  island,  of 
OTothaidh,"  oi  *'of  Ui  Rathaigh." 
If  we  adopt  the  latter  reading  this 
island  woold  seem  to  have  been  off 
the  coast  of  Iveragh,  andently  Ui  or 
Uibh  Rathaigh,  connty  of  Kexry. 
These  yarious  readings  prove  that  the 
exact  situation  of  the  place  has  been 
for  many  years  oncertain  or  unknown. 

^DaneM.  See  Fonr  Mast,  A.D.  819, 
and  0*DonoYan*s  note. 

*  Mare  than  ane.  See  Archdall's 
Monasticon,  p.  695;  Four  Mast.,  A.D. 
742 ;  and  O'Donoyan,  note  <*.  See 
also  the  Index  of  Places  to  the  Mar- 
tyrology  of  Donegal,  pnblished  by  the 
IrishArchKological  and  Celtic  Society. ' 


INTRODUCnON, 


XXXVII 


island  in  various  parts  of  Ireland ;  and  it  is  evident  that 
tbe  Dairinis  bere  mentioned  must  have  been  in  or  near 
the  territoiy  of  the  Eoghanacht  of  Loch  Lein.  None  of 
these  plăcea  are  now  known  with  any  certainty.  They 
were  probably  ecclesiastical  establisbments  of  no  great 
wealtb  or  importance ;  and  having  been  totally  demolisbed 
by  the  Scandinavian  pirates  on  this  occasion,  their  very 
names  may  have  soon  after  perished. 

This  first  group  of  invasions,   terminated  with  the  First  gnmp 
victory  by  the  Eoghanacht  of  Loch  Lein,  which  îb  dated  Jf  p^^JS" 
in  the  year  after  the  death  of  Diman^  of  Aradh,  and  ten  to  8Î2. 
years  after  the  death  of  Airtri,  Eing  of  Munster.     The 
year  A.D.  812  seems  thus  determined. 

The  next  series  of  inroads  is  said  to  have  begun  in  the  Seoond 
second  year  of  Fedhlimidh,  son  of  Crimhthann,  King  of  g^^P^'^' 
Munster,  or  about  822.     The  places  plundered  by  this 
party  of  marauders  are  all,  with  two  exceptions,*  still  well 


^  IHman.  The  text  says  that  he 
kUUd,  or  murdered.  The  Ann. 
ITlt  (followed  hj  the  Fonr  Maştera) 
apeak  of  his  death  onlj;  an  event 
which  18  dated  hy  them  811,  (for  810 
of  the  Ann.  Uit  and  806  of  the  Fonr 
Maştera  coincide  with  A.D.  811).  In 
the  former  anthoritj  we  read  "  Dim- 
man  Aradh-Mnminensis  anchorita  vi- 
tam  fdiciter  finivit**  Diman  was, 
therefore,  an  anchorite  in  Aradh  of 
Honster,  now  the  barony  of  Aradh  or 
Dnharra,  connty  of  Tipperary.  The 
death  of  Airtri,  son  of  Cathal,  is  not 
dated  in  the  Annals,  but  is  ascertained 
here,  as  the  death  of  Diman  is  known. 
A  difference  of  reading,  howeVer, 
canaes  some  difficulty.  The  text  (p.  5) 
makes  the  year  after  Diman*8  death 
or  812  to  be  the  tenth  afUr  (aţXTi  ec, 
for  lOjiTi  ec)  the  death  of  AirtrL 
Therefore  Airtii  died  802.  The  MS. 
L.  (p.  222)  reads  the  tenth  year  hefore 
(fven  ec)  the  death  of  Airtri.  There- 
fore Airtii  died  822.  The  discrepancy 
was  probably  cansed  by  the  insertion 


of  the  reign  of  Tnathal,  son  of  Airtri 
(tecundum  quotdam,  as  the  Book  of 
Leinster  qaalifies  it),  between  bis 
father  Cathal  and  Fedhlimidh,  son  of 
Crimhthann.  The  legitimacy  of  this 
reign  was  dispnted;  and  the  tran- 
scribers  of  onr  author  wrote  afterj  or 
be/ore,  according  to  their  opinion  on 
this  question,  giving  the  earlier  date 
to  the  death  of  Ejng  Airtri,  in  order 
to  make  room  for  the  reign  of  bis  son. 
But  the  later  date  is  more  probable, 
for  we  find  Feidhlimidh  in  occnpation 
of  the  throne  in  823  (Ann.  UlL  822). 
Perhaps  802  may  be  the  date  of 
Tuathal's  usurpation,  and  822  the  date 
of  Airtri's  death.    8ee  Append.  B. 

s  Tvo  exceptiotu.  Inis  Temhni  and 
Rosmaelain  are  the  exoeptions.  Inis 
Temhni,  or  Inis  Doimhli,  called  also 
Inis  Uladh,  *'  because  the  Ulstermen 
inhabited  it*"  (Mart  Donegal,  1  Dec, 
p.  825),  is  probably  the  island  in  the 
expansion  of  the  Suir,  near  Waterf ord, 
now  called  ''LitUe  Island."  See  Dr 
0'DonoYan*8  Four  Masters,  A.D.  960, 


XXXVIII 


INTKODUCTION. 


known,  namely,  Cork,  Inis  Temhni,  Begere,  orBegery  Island 
in  Wexford  harbour,  Cloyne,  and  Ros-maelain.  The  barren 
rock  called  Scelig  Michil,  or  St.  Michaers  Rock,  the  abode 
of  a  solitary  named  Etgall  or  Edgall,  was  invaded  by  them, 
and  as  they  probably  found  nothing  else  to  take,  they 
carried  off  its  only  inhabitant,  who  appears  to  have  died 
soon  after  in  captivity.  The  death  of  Etgall  of  the  Scel- 
lig  is  dated  by  the  Annals  of  Ulster  823  or  824.  Eeat- 
ing  says  that  the  invaders  on  this  occasion  were  White 
Lochlann,  or  Norwegiana  Their  devastations  seem  to 
have  been  made  along  the  coast  from  Cork  to  Wexford 
Bay.  It  was  probably  on  their  way  back  that  they 
entered  Skellig-Michael*  (now  the  Great  Skellîg,  off  the 
coast  of  Kerry),  and  carried  away  the  hermit,  EtgalL  _ 
Inva^on  of  The  next  invasion  mentioned  was  in  the  north  of  Ire- 
of  be^  land.  Bangor,  the  celebrated  monastery  of  St.  Comhgall,* 
A.D.  823  was  bnmed,  the  shrine  of  the  saint  broken,  the  bishop  of 
the  monastery  slain,  with  its  leamed  men  and  clergy,  and 
the  Magh  or  plain  laid  waste :  but  according  to  another 
reading,'  Magh-lSle,  or  Movilla»  in  the  county  of  Down, 
was  laid  wasle.  This  act  of  sacrilege  is  dated  ''  four  years 
after  the  death  of  Aedh,  son  of  Niall,  at  Ath-da^Fert" 
This  must  be  Aedh  Oimidhe,  son  of  Niall  Frassach,  King 


p.  6SI11.  The  MaTt3rroIogy  of  Donegal 
[4  Jolj,  p.  187]  describes  the  situa- 
âon  of  Inia  Doimhle  as  "  hetween  Ui 
CeinnBelAigh  [cotmty  of  Wexford]  and 
the  Deisi  [Waterfoid].**  This  agrees 
veiy  well  with  the  situation  of  Little 
Islanâ,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Snir.  Ros- 
maelain  is  called  in  L.  Roaniallain, 
and  by  Keating  Roamaolaidhe ;  it  is 
called  also  Ro^allain,  and  Roskel- 
lan,  and  is  now  perhaps  Rostellan,  a 
parish  in  the  barony  of  Imokilly, 
county  of  Cork. 

^  SkeUig^ichael,  or  St  Michaers 
Rock.  It  was  common,  from  the  fif th 
centnry,  to  dedicate  snch  rocks  to  St 
Michael  the  ArchangeL  The  word 
Skellig  or  Skcrr>'  is  of  Scandinavian 


origîn.  iSler îs** Scopolusmaris.**  The 
text  says  that  Etgall  escaped,  bat 
af  terwards  died  of  starvation  toith  them 
(p.  7).  A  possible  explanation  of  this 
contradiction  is  suggested,  p.  228,  n.  K 

^  St.  ComhgalL  He  was  the  patron 
saint  of  Dalaradia;  bom  A.D.  517. 
The  Fonr  Mast,  at  822,  and  Uit  823, 
attribute  to  him  a  prophecy  in  which 
he  foretells  the  destmction  of  his 
shrine  on  this  occasion.  Fleming, 
CoUect,  Sacra,  has  pnblished  his  life, 
p.  303.  See  also  Reeves*s  EccL  AHHq,y 
p.  269. 

^Reaâing,  See  p.  6,  n.  «.  **The 
bnming  of  Maghbile  with  its  oratories 
by  the  Gentiles"  b  recorded  by  the 
Aim,  VlL  at  824. 


INTRODUCnON. 


XXXIX 


of  Ireland,  who  died,  axsoording  io  the  Annals  of  Ulster,' 
at  a  place  called  Ath-da-ferta  ["Vadum  duarum  virtu- 
tum," — the  Ford  of  the  two  miracles],  in  Magh  Conaille,* 
or  ConaiUe  Muirtheimhne,  a  district  nearly  co-extetiaive 
with  the  county  of  Louth.  The  fourth  year  afber  the 
death  of  Aedh  Oimidhe  coincidea  with  A.D.  823  or  824. 

Our  author  then  returns  to  Munster,  and  records  an  invarions 
invasion  of  Ui  Ceinnaelaigh,  the  territory  inhabited  by  ^^J^' 
the  desoendants  of  Enna  Cennselach,  who  was  King  of 
Leinster  in  the  middle  of  the  fourth  century.  This  district 
ooincides  nearly  with  the  present  dioceses  of  Leighlin  and 
Fems,  în  the  counties  of  Wexford  and  Carlow.'  By  this 
fleet  were  plnndered  Tech  Munnu  (St.  Munna's  house), 
now  Taghmon,  in  the  county  of  Wexford ;  Tech  Moling 
(St.  Moling^s  house),  now  St.  MuUins/  on  the  river 
Barrow,  county  of  Carlow ;  Inis  Teoc,  now  Inistioge,*  a 
small  town  on  the  river  Nore,  county  of  Kilkenny;  and 
the  whole  district  of  Ossory,  where  they  were  met  by  a 
spirited  resistance,  and  lost  170  men.  They  demolished 
Dundermuighe  [Fort  of  the  oak  plain],  n8w  Dunderrow, 
or  Dundarro,  near  Einsale ;  Inis  Eoghanain,  now  Inis- 
shannon,  on  the  river  Bandon ;  Disert  Tipraite,  a  place  not 
now  known ;  and  lismore.  Cili  Molaisi,  or  the  Church 
of  St.  Molaise,  now  Eilmolash,  five  miles  S.E.  of  Lismore ; 


^UUter.  A.D.818(=819).  Keat- 
mg,for"at  Ath  daFert,''  readsiCaCh 
da  Foia,  **iii  the  battle  of  Da  Ferta." 
No  Bscb  iMittle  or  place  is  known ;  and 
it  is  cnrions  that  Keating  makes  both 
Aedh  Uariodnach  and  Aedh  Oimidhe 
to  bave  been  killed  in  the  battle  of 
Da  Ferta ;  (yMakoMft  tnmslation,  pp. 
468^  498.  This  looks  suspicious,  and 
prores  that  there  has  been  some  mis- 
take  or  confnsion. 

*  Magh  ConailU,  The  words  of  the 
Amm.  Uit  are  *'Mors  Aedha  mic  Neill 
jtixta  Vadnm  duamm  virtutum,  .1.  og 
CCth  na  peţicQi,  in  Campo  Conaille." 
For  the  sitnation  of  Campus  ConaiUe, 
Magh  ConaiUe,  or  Plain  of  Conal1« 


see  O^Donovan,  Book  of  Rightt,  pp. 
10,  11,  n.  21,  166. 

*  Carlow.  See  Book  of  BigkU,  p. 
208,91. 

<  St.  MuUifu,  St.  Moling  Lnachia 
erected  a  monastery  there  A.D.  632. 
ArchdaU,  Motuut.  p.  39.  The  Four 
Mast,  at  888,  speak  of  "  the  foreign- 
ers  of  Teach  MoUng,"  from  which  it 
appears  that  a  permanent  settlement 
of  "foreigners"  had  been  made  there 
before  the  end  of  the  ninth  centmy. 

^Imstioge.  See  Archdall,  Momut. 
p.  359.  This  place  is  in  Ossoiy,  and 
was  perhapfl  the  firat  ecclesiastical  es- 
tablifihment  which  was  attacked  in  the 
district. 


n 


xl 


INTRODUCTION. 


Plnnder 
of  the 
Chuiches 
in  the 
interior. 


Cluain-ard  Mobeoc,*  and  Lann  Leri,*  were  bumed  An»- 
other  party  of  the  pirates  plimdered  Cenn  Slebhi  [read 
Cill-Shleibhe],  now  Killevy,  or  Killslevy,  near  Newiy ; 
and  another,  or  the  same  party,  plimdered  Sord  of  Colum- 
cille,  now  Swords,  near  Dublin.  Daimhliag  Cianain  ["the 
stone  church  of  St.  Cianan"],  now  Duleek,'  county  of 
Meath ;  Slane,  în  the  same  county ;  Cell-uasaille*  ["  Church 
of  St.  Auxilius"],  now  Killossy,  or  Eillashee,  near  Naas, 
county  of  Baldare ;  Glen-da-loch,  in  the  county  of  Wicklow ; 
Cluain  Uamha,  now  Cloyne,  county  of  Cork ;  and  Mun- 
gairit,  now  Mungret,  county  of  Limerick,  were  all  plunr 
dered. 

From  the  wide  range  of  these  devastations,  it  is  pro- 
bable  that  they  were  conmiitted  by  more  than  one  body 
of  invaders,  landing  simultaneously  in  different  parts  of 
Ireland.  The  majority  of  the  places  named  are  in  Munster, 
but  some  are  near  Dublin,  or  in  the  counties  of  Meath, 
Eildare,  Louth,  and  Wicklow.  Our  author  gives  no  date 
to  these  depredations,  and  they  are  for  the  most  part 
unnoticed*  by  «the  Annals ;  but  they  probably  took  place 


*  Chudn~ard  Mcheog^  or  Mdbecog, 
The  high  Uwn  of  St.  Mobeoc,  or  Mo- 
beooc,  i.e.,  in  the  simpler  form  of  the 
name  St.  Becan.  See  note  ^o,  p.  7. 
This  place  îs  now  Ejlpeaoon,  county 
of  Limerick. 

^Loam  Lerif  now  Dunleer,  in  the 
county  of  Louth;  Laam  [church], 
having  been  changed  to  Dun  [for- 
tress],  at  an  eariy  period.  Dr.  Reeves 
haa  identified  this  place  wîth  the  mo- 
dem Dunleer  by  irresiBtible  evidence, 
from  the  Primatial  Registen  of  Ar- 
magh,  and  oiher  authorities.  Archdall 
(^Montut^  p.  722),  and  O'Donoyan 
(Four  Haat.,  A.D.  740  »,  and  A.D. 
826),  as  well  as  Colgan,  supposed  it  to 
.be  the  place  now  called  Lynn,  in 
Westmeath ;  and  for  this  there  is  the 
authority  of  the  Scholia  on  the  Felire 
of  Aengus,  at  18  June.    But  the  Re> 


gisters  of  Primates  Fleming  [1415] 
and  Octayian  [1497]  speak  of  the 
church  of  SS.  Brethan  and  Frethan  at 
Dunleer,  in  the  diocese  of  Armagh, 
and  these  were  manifestlv  SS.  Bao- 
than  and  Furadhran,  the  patron  saints 
of  Lann  Leri  [MarL  Doneg.,  18  JuneJ. 
Ljnm,  in  Westmeath,  couid  nerer  have 
been  in  the  diocese  of  Armagh. 

B  Duieek.  See  Atm  Uit.,  A.D.  831 ; 
Four  M.,  880;  Archdall,lfon<u<.,  p.  683 

«  Cell-nasaiae.  The  reading  Orlla- 
taUe  in  the  text  (p.  7)  is  an  evident 
mistake  of  the  MS. 

•  UfuioUced,  The  Atm,  UU,  record 
"  an  inroad  upon  Ossory  by  the  6en- 
tUes,**  A.D.  824;  and  the  Four  Mast, 
notice  a  plundering  of  Lismore,  831 ; 
of  Duieek,  S30(mL  831);  Glendaloch, 
833  [really  834] ;  and  Mungret,  834 
[835]. 


INTRODUCnON. 


xU 


between  the  years  824  and  835.  It  îs  evident  that  the 
pirates  had  now  found  their  way  to  the  eccleHiastical  estab- 
lishments  at  considerable  distances  from  the  sea  coast  in 
the  interior  of  the  country.  The  monasteries  and  churches 
werethe  reputed  depositories  of  wealth,  the  centres  of  civili- 
zation,  and  of  resistanoe.  They  were,  therefore,  the  great 
aim  of  the  plimderers.  On  this  occasion,  as  our  author 
tells  us,  "  the  greater  part  of  the  churches  of  Erinn^"  were 
attacked. 

Lnimnech,  by  which  name  was  then  known  the  great  Occnpa- 
branch  of  the  Shannon  fix)m  the  present  city  of  Luimnech,  Ltel^Lk. 
or  lâmerick,'  to  the  sea,  was  next  occupied  by  the 
pirates,  who  plundered  the  neighbouring  country,  namely, 
Corcobhaiscinn,^  Tradraighe/  and  the  lands^  inhabited 
by  the  Ui  Conaill  Gabhra,  or  descendants  of  Conall 
Cîabhra.  This  tribe,  iinder  the  command  of  their  chiefbain, 
Donnchadh  (or  Donadhach),®  who  was  also  head  of  the 
ni-Fidhghente,assisted  byNiall,^  son  of  Cennfaeladh,gave 
battie  to  the  foreigners,  and  defeated  tbem  at  a  place 
called  Senati,  Seannad,  or  Shanid,^  in  the  barony  of 
Lower  Connello^  connty  of  limerick. 


See  chap.  tu.,  pp.  8,  9. 

>  lĂmerich,  The  city  seems  to  haye 
been  fovnded  by  the  Danes.  See 
O'Don0Tan*8  drcuU  of  Muirckertach 
MaeNeiU,  line  180,  n. 

s  CbrcoMoiicMOT.  A  district  repre- 
sented  bj  the  baronies  of  Moyarta, 
Clondenlaw,  and  Ibrickan,  connty  of 
Clare.     See  Book  of  Rights,  p.  48,  i». 

«  Tradraigke,  A  teiritoiy  east  of  the 
fÎTer  Fergns,  in  the  same  oonnty,  whoee 
name  snrviyes  in  that  of  the  pariah  and 
rnraldeaneryofTndiy.  0'Donovan*8 
Fonr  KastezB,  A.D.  1054,  p.  867,  n. 

<  Lamdt,  Now  the  baronies  of 
Upper  and  Lower  ConneDo,  connty  of 
lomerick. 

<  Ikmadkadt,  So  he  ia  called  by 
the  Fonr  Maet.  (883  and  884)  and  by 
the  Ann.  UlL,  884  (=885),  which 


was  the  year  of  his  death.  See  Gen. 
Table,  Y.,  No.  20,  and  Pedigree  of 
O'Donovan,  Fow  Matt,^  pp.  2485-6. 

fNialL  ChiefUin  of  Ui  Cairbre 
Aebhda.  Thia  NiaU  sncceeded  Don- 
adhach  as  chief  of  Ui  Fidhghenti  in 
885,  and  died  846,  Atm.  UU,^  846. 
The  descent  of  all  the  tribes  here  men- 
tioned  will  be  found  in  Gen.  Table,  Y., 
p.  249. 

^  Shamd,  A  def eat  of  the  f oreignera 
by  the  Ui  Conaill  Gabhra,  nnder  the 
oommandof  Donnchadh  or  Dnnadhach, 
is  recorded  by  the  Annals  of  Ulster, 
the  Fonr  Maştera,  and  the  Chronicon 
Scotonim,  nnder  the  date  834;  bnt 
Senati  or  Shanid  is  not  mentioned  by 
them.  The  exact  place  ao  called  was 
probably  a  little  south  of  the  preaent 
town  of  Shanagolden,  where,  în  Uter 

d 


xlii 


INTBODUCTION. 


logy. 


invaaioii  " After  thîs,"  ouT  author  says,  came  "a  great  royal 
Tni^tuu  fl^t  into  the  North  of  Ireland/'  oommanded  by  Tuigeis, 
or,  Turgesius»  ''who  assumed  the  sovereignty  of  the 
foi*eigners  of  Ireland/'  and  occupîed  the  whole  of  Leth 
Chuinn,  or  the  northem  half  of  Ireland.  In  addition  to 
the  party  under  the  immediate  command  of  Turgesius, 
three  "  fleetB,**  probably  in  connexion  with  him,  appeared 
simultaneously.  One  of  these  took  possession  of  Lough 
Neagh,  another  of  Louth,  anchoring  in  what  ia  now  the 
bay  of  Dundalk,  and  the  third  having,  as  it  woiild  seem, 
approached  Ireland  from  the  west,  occupied  Lough  Bee.^ 
J^*>«>no-  The  chronology  of  this  invasion  is  fixed  by  means  of 
the  particulara  recorded.  Armagh  was  plundered  three 
times  in  the  same  montL  This,  the  annalists  all  say,  was 
the  first  plundering'  of  Armagh  by  the  gentUes,  and  is 
assigned  to  the  year  832. 

Afterwards,  but  it  is  not  said  immediately  afberwards, 
Turgeis  "  usurped  the  abbacy  of  Armagh,''  and  Forannan, 
the  real  abbot,  or  bishop,  and  chief  comharba'  of  Patrick, 
was  driven  out ;  he  fled  to  Munster,  carrying  with  him 
the  shrine  of  St.  Patrick,  and  continued  in  ezile  four 
years,  *^  whilst  Turgeis  was  in  Armagh,  and  in  the 
sovereignty  of  the  North  of  Ireland."  We  afberwards 
find^  that,  when  in  Munster,  and  probably  in  the  territoiy 
of  the  Martini^  of  Munster,  Forannan  was  taken  prisoner 


Torgeâiu 

OBiiips 

Annîigh. 


timet,  a  castle  was  built  by  a  branch 
of  the  Fitcgeralds  of  Desmond,  whoM 
famflyciy  was  Shanida  6oo(8eann<rD 
a  biiai'6)ţ  or  ^*Shaiiid  bi  yictory,"  Le., 
▼anquished,  to  celebrate  the  sdsare  of 
the  andent  district  by  its  Aiiglo-Nor- 
man  proţirietOTS.  This  castle,  them- 
fora,  most  probably  occupied  the  site 
of  the  ancient  SenatL 

1  Louffh  iBas.  An  expansion  of  the 
Shannoii  between  Athlone  and  Lanes- 
borongh. 

^Pbmdermg.  Jim.I7tt.,831(=A.D. 
882).  The  Four  Masters  make  the 
same  stalement  at  their  year  880, 


that  Armagh  had  neyer  been  plun- 
dered by  strangerB  before. 

*  Ckirf  Comkarba.  As  there  wers 
coarbs  or  sucoessors  of  Patrick  in  other 
churehes,  his  succeesor  at  Armagh  was 
distinguished  as  «'Chief  C!oarb." 

«  Fmd.    See  c.  ziii.,  p.  15. 

^MarimL  Seep.16.  Thispeople 
were  a  tribe  of  the  Belg»  or  Fîrbolgs, 
of  whose  territoiy,  Emly,  in  the  ca  of 
Tipperary,  was  the  capitaL  B,  qfLU- 
mortj  fol.  172,  buu  (quoted  by  O^Cuny, 
Battle  of  Magh  Lata,  p.  78,  n.). 
Their  name  is  written  also  Uairtine 
and  Muirtine.    The  plaoe  Clnain  Co- 


INTRODUCrrON.  xliii 

by  ihe  Norsemen  of  Limeiick,  who  carried  bim  off  to  their 
ships,  having  broken  tbe  Bhrine  of  Patrick.  In  ihe  same 
yearTuTgesiua  was  made  captive  by  Maelseachlaiim,  tben 
king  of  Meath,  and  drowned  in  Loch  Uair,  now  Lough 
Owel,  near  MuUingar,  oonnty  of  Westmeath. 

This  event^  our  anthor  takes  care  to  date  aocurately.  i>Ate  of 
It  oocurred,  be  says^  "tbe  year  before  tbe  drowning  of 
Niall  Cailie»"  king  of  LreUind,  and  ''tbe  second  year  before 
tbe  deatb  of  Feidblimidb,  son  of  Crimbthaun,"  king  of 
Munster.     Tbese  criteria  indicate^  tbe  year  A.D.  845. 

Tbe  two  facts  bere  made  known  to  us — for  wbicb  tbe  Dn^tion 
present  work  is  tbe  only  autbority, — ^tbat  tbe  duration  of  dynwtv. 
Forannan's  exile  was  four  years  only,  and  tbat  be 
retumed  to  Armagb  immediately  upon  tbe  deatb  of 
Tuigesius — enable  us  to  ascertain  tbe  duration  of  tbis 
dynasty  witb  tolerable  oertainty.  Turgesius  was  recc^- 
nised  by  all  tbe  foreigners  tben  in  Ireland  as  tbeir 
sovereign.  Having  fixed  bis  bead-quarters  in  tbe  Nortb, 
be  attacked  Armagb,  wbere  it  is  evident  tbat  be  must  bave 
met  witb  some  resistanoe.  Tbe  sacking  of  tbe  town  tbrice 
in  one  montb  seems  to  prove  tbat  be  did  not  obtain  pos- 
aession  of  it  until  aiter  a  second  and  a  tbird  assault.  And, 
as  be  probably  lost  no  time  in  seeking  to  become  manter 
of  a  place  so  important,  we  may  fidrly  infer  tbat  tbe  date 
of  tbis  event  is  tbe  date  also,  or  very  nearly  so,  of  bis 
ajrival  in  tbe  Nortb  of  Ireland  For  nine  years  afber- 
wards,  be  seems  to  bave  remained  content  witb  bis  secular 
possession  of  tbe  country,  or  unable  to  overtbrow  tbe 
power  of  tbe  ecdesiastical  autboritiea  It  was  not  until 
tbe  year  84<1  tbat  be  sucoeeded  in  banisbing  tbe  bisbop 
and  clergy,  and  "  usurped  tbe  abbacy,"  tbat  is  to 
say,  ihe  AÎll  autbority  and  jurisdiction  in  Ai-magb  and 
in  tbe  Nortb  of  Ireland    From  tbese  considerations  we 


malrdi,  from  which  Foruman  was 
csnftad  crS  to  limaick,  althoogh  now 
foigotlflD,  was  probably  ia  thii  terri- 
toffy. 


1  Tnth'cate.  Niall  Caille  was  drowned 
In  the  river  Caille  or  Callen,  A.D. 
846 ;  and  Feidhlimidh  dled  847.  See 
Aim,  UU.,  844,  846. 

rf2 


xliv 


INTRODUCTION. 


infer  that  the  entîre  duration  of  the  tyranny  of  Turgesîus- 

caniiot  have  been  more  than  about  thirfceen*  years,  from 

831  or  832  to  his  death^  in  845. 

Disaennoiu     Th©  timesimmediately  precedingthearrivalof  Turgesîus 

chieftainB    a^d  his  foilowers  were  remarkable  for  internai  dissension 

în  the  9th  amongst  the  Irish  chiefbains.     An  old  feud  had  existed  for 

more  than  a  centnry  between  the  north  and  south  of 

Ireland,  owing  to  the  pretensîons  of  the  kings  of  Cashel  or 

Munster  to  be  kings  of  all  Ireland ;  and  Feidhlimîdh,  son  of 

Crimhthann,  the  Munster  chieftain,  at  the  period  of  which 

we  speak,  had  prosecuted  this  claim  with  great  pertinacîty. 

About  A.D.  840,  he  seems  to  have  obtained  a  temporary 

submission  from  Niall  Caille,  the  sovereign  of  the  O'Neill 


1  Thirtem.  Not  thirtyj  as  Giraldus 
CambrenaÎB  makes  it  (^Topogr,  Bib. 
DÎBt.  iii.,  c.  42),  whose  snthority  has 
been  f oilowed  by  Keating  (CMohony's 
transUtion,  p.  505)  and  by  O'flaherty 
(Ogyff'i  p.  483).  These  aathon  snp- 
pose  TnigesioB  to  have  been  in  Ireland 
seventeen  yeara  before  the  plundering 
of  Armagh;  and,  therefore,  to  haye 
arrived  in  815.  The  aathentic  Irish 
annals  make  scarcely  any  mention  of 
Targesias,  iintil  they  record  liis  death. 
The  Ckromcon  Scotarum^  which  has 
probably  preserved  part  of  the  lost  por- 
tion  of  Tighemach,  fiist  noticeshim  at 
the  year  S45,  where  mention  is  made  of 
his  having  erected  a  fort  (/>im)  at 
Loch  Ree,  from  whence  he  plundered 
Connaught  and  Meath,  and  his  beug 
drowned  the  same  year  in  Loch  Uair. 
The  present  work  contains  more  full 
notices  of  him  than  any  other  Irish 
aathority.  The  thirty  years  assigned 
to  him  have,  therefore,  no  other  f oonda- 
tion  than  the  testimony  of  Cambrensis; 
and  O'Flaherty's  date  is  only  a  conjec- 
ture,  in  order  to  reconcile  that  testi- 
mony with  the  Irish  annals. 

In  p.  9,  the  arriyal  of  Tuigesiusis  said 
to  haye  been  after  the  def  eat  of  the 
foreigners  by  the  Ui  Conaill  Gabhra, 


at  Shanid.  If  so,  the  batUe  of  Shanid 
must  have  been  before  A.D.  832,  whicb 
all  the  annals  agree  in  g^ving  as  the 
date  of  the  first  plnnder  of  Annagh. 
Perhaps  the  battle  mentioned  in  the 
annals,  at  834,  may  have  been  a 
second  battle  under  Donnchadh,  chîef- 
tain  of  the  Ui  Conaill ;  and  it  is  worth 
noting  that  the  daose  of  the  presezk 
work  in  which  Donnchadh  is  mentioned 
seems  to  have  been  an  interpolation,  as 
it  is  added  in  the  margin,  and  not  in 
the  text  of  the  older  MS.  See  note, 
p.  8,  and  App.  A.,  p.  224. 

Ussher  makes  Forannan  to  haye 
been  ezpelled  from  Annagh  the  same 
year  in  which  Turgesius  was  drowned, 
and  giyes  848  as  the  date  in  his  Index 
Ckron.  Lanigan  has  adopted  this  mis- 
take,  iii,  p.  276,  s;.  But  neither  of 
these  authors  had  accesa  to  the  present 
work. 

>  Deaih,  The  romantic  story  of  his 
death,  told  by  Cambrensis,  {Ţopogr. 
Hib.y  Dist.  liL,  cap.  40),  is  not  found 
in  any  old  Irish  authority,  althou^ 
Keating  repeats  it.  See  note  ^  p. 
li.  It  is  evidently  an  imitation  of 
the  story  of  Hengist's  treacherona 
banquet  to  Yortigem,  as  recorded  by 
Nennius,  c.  47. 


INTRODUCTION. 


xlv 


race,  and  to  have  been  recognised  as  King  of  all  Ireland.* 
Although  he  was  himself  an  eodetdastic,  abbot  and  bishop, 
aa  well  a«  king  of  Cashel,  he  did  not  hesitate,  in  the  prose- 
cution  of  his  political  designs,  to  plunder  the  most  sacred 
places  of  the  northem  half  of  Ireland,  and  to  put  to  the 
swoid  their  monks  and  deigy.  In  826,  and  again  in  833,  he 
had  spoiled  the  Termon  landa  or  sanetnary  of  Clonmacnois ; 
on  which  last  occasion  he  slew  many  of  the  religious,  and 
bumed  the  Termon  up  to*  the  veiy  doors  of  the  principal 
chiurch.  He  had  treated  in  the  same  way  the  celebrated 
Columban  monasteiy  of  Durrow.  In  836  he  took  the  Ora- 
toiy  of  Eildare  by  foroe  of  arms  from  Forannan  of  Armagh, 
who  seems  to  have  fonnd  refuge  there  with  his  clergy, 
and  exacted  &om  him  a  forced  submission.^  In  840, 
Armagh  was  bumed  **  with  its  oratories  and  its  eathe- 
dial ;"  the  Four  Maştera  say  "  by  the  foreigners,"  which 
may  have  been  so,  for  it  was  in  84<1,  as  we  have  seen, 
that  Turgesius  ^'usurped  the  abbacy;"  but  the  Annals 
of  Ulster  make  no  mention  of  the  Norsemen,  and  seem 
to  leave  it  doubtful^  whether  this  outrage  was  not  com- 


1  AU  Treland.  See  Dublin  Ann.  of 
Inisfalleii,  at  840.  Hence  Giraldus 
CambrenÂs  is  not  wrong  when  he  calls 
Feidhliniidh  King  of  Ireland,  Topogr, 
Jlib.  DisL,  iii,  c.  36,  44.  The  submia- 
BÎon  of  Niall,  is  reoorded  by  the  Bodleian 
^jM-Zimn/alfe».  A.D.  824,826  [but  we 
mustaddlSyearetothesedates].  See 
0'Donovan*8  Book  of  Rigkts,  Introd., 
pp.  XT.,  xvL  Dr.  0*Donovan  doea  not 
seem  to  have  observed  that  the  AnnalB 
of  TTlster  and  the  Foor  Mast  support 
tbe  ttatement  of  the  Ann.  of  Inisfallen. 
At  839  (which  is  840)  both  say  that 
Feîdhlimidh,  after  plundering  Meath 
and  Bregia,  resied  at  Tara,  comT)- 
TWiţnt)  (Uit.)  or  coTi'oei'p'o,  aeUled, 
coiuedU,  AsTaxahadlongbeforeceased 
to  be  a  Foyal  residence,  this  can  only 
mean  that  Feidhlimidh  had  cansed 
himielf  to  be  lecognîsed  as  King  of 
Tara,  Lft,  King  of  IreUnd. 


'  Submitnon,  It  is  probable  that 
after  this  submiasion  of  Forannan  and 
his  clergy,  Feidhlimidh  went  to  Ar- 
magh, where,  as  we  are  told  by  an  au- 
thority  qnoted  by  Dr.  O'Donovan  {Book 
o/Righitj  Introd.,  p.  xvL, ».) — "he r^ 
mained  a  whole  year,  daring  which  he 
preached  to  the  people  every  Sonday.'* 
In  other  words,  he  usurped  the  au- 
thority  of  the  rightful  bishop,  and  set 
an  example  which  the  Norsemen  wera 
not  slow  to  foUow. 

'  DoubtfuL  The  words  of  the  An- 
nals of  Ulster  at  889,  are  "  The  bnm- 
ing  of  Ard-machs  with  its  oratories 
and  stone  chnrch  [xMXiTntiacc].  Feidh- 
limidh, king  of  Monster,  plondered 
Meath  and  Bregia,  so  that  he  rested 
at  Tara."  For  the  meaning  of  the 
word  DamUace,  see  Petrie,  Round 
Towers,  Transact  R.  Irish  Acad.,  voL 
p.  141,  sq.    The  Chron.  Scoto- 


xlvi 


INTBODUCrriON. 


mitted  by  Feidblimidh,  who  (as  tbey  teii  us  in  the  same 

sentence)  plondered  Meatb  and  Bregia,  and  took  posses- 

sion  of  the  royal  seat  of  Tara,  in  otber  words,  of  the  throne 

of  Ireland.     Be  this,  bowever,  as  it  may,  Feidhlimidh,  in 

846,  plondered  once  more  the  Termon  of  ClonmacnoiB, 

and  the  next  year'  died  of  a  disease  which  was  supposed 

to  have  been  miraculously  inflicted,  in  pnnishment  of  bis 

sacrilege,  by  Saint  Eieran  of  Clonmacnois  himself. 

Contesta         About  the  same  period,  that  is  to  say,  during  the  first 

S^,    *  half  of  the  ninth  century,  there  were  also  disputee  and 

contests    amongst    the    dergy  tbemselves,  at  Armagh 

especially.    The  sucoession  of  abbots  or  bishope  there, 

was  interrupted  by  these  feuds;  the  Annals  difier  aa  to 

the  order  and  time  of  each  prelate's  incumben(y.     Eoghan 

Mainistrech,'  and  Airtri,  son  of  Conchobhair,  the  imme- 

diate  predeoessors  of  Forannan,  were  in  continua!  war- 

fare.    Airtri  was  in  aUiance  with  Feidhlimidh,'  of  Casbel, 

and  had  the  support  of  Cumasgacb,  son  of  Cathal,  lord  of 

the  OirghiaUa^  who  was  bis  half  brother ;  Eoghan,  on  the 


mm,  althongh  it  mentioiui  «t  840  the 
plander  of  Meath  ondBregia  byFeidh- 
limidh,  and  hîB  '«resting  at  Tara,*"  tokes 
no  notice  of  the  buming  of  Armagh. 

1  Next  year.  It  will  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  Annals  of  Ulster  are 
always  one  ycar,  and  the  Four  M., 
in  this  place  two  years  earlier  than 
the  true  datee,  as  given  above.  The 
plander  of  Clonmacnois  in  846,  îs 
recorded  by  the  Four  M.  at  844 ;  bnt 
18  omitted  by  the  Jfwi.  UU,  The 
sacrilegions  life  of  this  plnndering 
bishop-king  did  not  hinder  his  being 
regaided  as  a  saint  after  his  death. 
His  festival  was  obsenred  on  the  28th 
Aog.  See  M(xri,  of  Dtmegaly  p.  129 ; 
Colgan,  Triad,  Thatm,  p.  186,  fi.  54. 
The  Aftn.  Uit,  in  reoording  his  death, 
caii  him  *'  opUmos  scriba  et  anchorita.** 
If  the  latter  years  of  his  life  were  spent 
in  retirement  and  penitence,  there  must 


be  some  mistalce  in  the  date  assigned  to 
his  death :  it  is  probable  that  he  may 
haye  retired  from  public  life,  stmdc 
by  oonscientions  scraples,  and  devoted 
his  declining  years  to  relîgion.  If  so, 
the  date  usually  assigned  to  his  death 
may  have  been  really  the  date  of  his 
monastic  prof ession. 

s  Eoghan  Mainulrtch,  ^  Engenius 
de  Monasterio,**  i.e.,  of  Monaster-boice. 
He  had  been  **  Lector**  or  yerfa^JUiM 
of  that  monastery.  For  the  story  of 
the  contests  between  him  and  his 
rival,  see  Fonr  M.,  826,  Ann.  Uit., 
826,  830. 

*  /WdUMd».  In  822  [828],  we 
are  told  **  the  law  of  Patrick  was  pro- 
molgated  in  Hnnster  by  Feidhlimidh, 
son  of  Crimhthann,  and  Airtri,  son  of 
Conoobha{r,bi8hop  of  Armagh.**  Ann. 
Uit,  tnd  Fonr  M.,  A.D.  822. 


INTRODUCTION. 


xlvii 


oiher  hand,  appears  to  have  been  oountenanoed  by  Niall 
Caille,  afterwards  Eang  of  Ireland,  whose  confessor  or 
"  spiritual  adviser^'  he  had  been.  In  826  or  827,  Cumas* 
gach  drove  Eoghan  fombly  from  Annagh,  and  put  Airtri 
into  his  place.  The  same  year  Cumasgach  was  defeated 
and  slain,  at  the  battle  of  Leith-cam,  by  Niall  Caille ;  and 
Eoghan  recovered  his  bishopric,  in  which  he  continued 
for  nine  years  afterwards,  upheld,  as  the  Four  Masters 
teii  ns,  **  by  the  power  of  Niall  Caille,"  who,  as  they  ob- 
serve, although  he  had  not  yet  succeeded  to  the  throne 
of  Ireland,  was  "  powerful  in  Ulster/'  In  829  or  830 
the  abbacy'  of  Armagh  seems  to  have  been  usurped  by 
Suibhne,  son  of  Faimech,^  who  died  after  being  in  posses- 
sion  for  two  montha  The  following  year  Eoghan  was 
plundered,  and  his  cattle  carried  off  or  killed,  by  Concho- 
bhair,  son  of  Donnehadh,  king  of  Ireland,  who  appears 
at  that  time  to  have  been  in  allianoe'  with  Feidhiimidh  of 
CasheL  Similar  contentions  existed  between  Foramum, 
the  prelate  whose  place  was  usurped  by  Turgesius,  and 
Biarmait,  who  is  usually  accounted  his  suocessor.  Their 
contest  must  have  lasted  during  their  whole  lives,  for 
they  both  died  in  the  same  year/ 

It  was  not  wonderful  that  these  dissensions  should  Apparait 
havesuggestedto  Turgesiusthe  expulsionof  thecontending  ^{1^^^ 
parties,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  power  into  his  own  Turgeniu. 
hands.     He  seems  to  have  had  in  view  a  higher  object 
than  the  mere  plunder  which  influenced  former  depreda- 


^  Ahbaef.  The  abbot  of  Armmgh,  in 
the  phimaeology  of  the  Anntb,  fre- 
qoently  gignifies  the  bisbop ;  the  two 
offices  being,  at  thia  time,  aeualljrf  al- 
though not  alwaya,  oombined,  and  the 
abbacy  being  regarded  as  the  higher 
ia  pointof  jnriidiction. 

t/WnecA.  '' Aliaa  MacForumain," 
Ana.  Uit.,  839 ;  Four  M^  829. 

*  Attitmee.  The  same  year  Feidhii- 
midh W10  sided  by  Conchobhair  in  the 


plunder  of  Magh  Biegh  and  Magh 
Liftf.  Afm.  UU,^  8da  Five years  be- 
fore,  they  had  held  a  conlerenoe  at  Birr, 
in  which  they  appearto have  madesome 
lort  of  alliance.    Fonr  Maat.,  825. 

^  Same  ytar,  **Duo  heredes  Pa- 
tricii, Le.,  Forannan  scriba  et  epiaoo- 
poe  et  anchorita ;  et  Diarmait,  sapien- 
tiesimos  omninm  doctomm  Enrope, 
quieveront.*'  Ann.  VU.^  851,  Four 
i/oefere,  851. 


xlviii 


INTRODUCTION. 


tors  of  his  nation.  He  aimed  at  the  establishment  of  a 
regular  govemment  or  monarchy  over  his  oountiymon  in 
Ireland,  the  foundation  of  a  permanent  oolony,  and  the 
subjugation  or  extermination  of  the  native  chieftains. 
For  this  pnrpose  the  foroes  under  his  oommand,  or  in  con- 
nexion  with  him,  were  skilfuUy  posted  on  Loch  Bee, 
at  Limerick,  Dundalk  Bay,  Carlingford,  Lough  Neagh, 
and  Dublin.  He  appears  also  to  have  attempted  the 
establishment  of  the  naţional  heathenism  of  his  own 
oountry,  in  the  place  of  the  Christianity  which  he  found 
in  Ireland.  This  may  be  the  significance  of  his  usurpation 
of  the  *'  abbacy"  of  Armagh.  This  may  also  be  the  mean- 
ing  of  the  pretended  prophecies/  quoted  by  our  author, 
and  attributed  to  the  celebrated  saints  and  prophets» 
Berchan,  Columcille,  Ciaran  (or  Eieran),  and  Bec-mac-De.^ 
These  prophecies  are,  no  doubt,  palpable  foigeries.  But 
the  fact  that  they  were  foi^ed  indicates  the  popular 
belief  in  a  special  contest  between  the  Christian  institu- 
tions  of  the  countiy  and  the  heathenism  of  the  new  oomers. 
llie  common  topic  of  them  all  is  a  complaint  of  the  out- 
rages  committed  by  the  invaders  upon  the  churches  and 
monasteries  of  Ireland. 
Tuigeau»  TuTgesius  was  not  satisfied  with  the  fiill  supremacy  he 
the  Bubja-  ^^  acquired  in  the  north  of  Ireland.  He  aimed  at  the 
gjtion  of  extension  of  his  power  by  the  cpnquest  of  Meath  and  Con- 
'  naught,  as  a  step  to  the  subjugation  of  the  whole  country ; 
for  this  purpose  he  appears  to  have  gone  to  Loch  Bee,'  to 
take  the  command  in  person  of  the  "fleet/'  which  had  been 
stationed  there.  From  this  central  position  he  plundered, 
as  our  author  tells  us,  the  principal  ecdesiastical  establish- 
ments  of  Connaught  and  Meath,  namely,  Clonmacnois  in 
Meath;  Clonfert  of  St.  Brendan,  in  Connaught;  Lothra^ 
now  Lorrha,  a  famous  monasteiy  founded  by  St.  Ruadhan, 


1  PropkecUa.  See  chaps.  ix.,  x., 
pp.  S-18. 

*  Bec-fnac-Dey  or  Mac  Degadh.  A 
edebrated  prophet,  whose  name  ocean 
in  the  Irish  Calendan  at  Oct.  12. 


MartyroL  of  Donegal,  p.   278.    He 
is  iaid  to  have  flonriahed  in  the  6th 
centory.    See  O^Ctmy's  LectnreBi  p. 
899,  sq. 
*  Loch  Ree,    See  chap.  xi.,  p^  18. 


^^ 


INTRODUCnON. 


xlix 


or  Bodan,  în  the  county  of  Tippemiy  ;  Tîr-da-glas,*  now 
Terryglaâs,  in  the  same  county ;  Inis-Celtra,  an  island  on 
which  were  seven  churches,  and  all  the  other  churches  of 
Loch  Dearg  in  like  manner.  This  seems  to  prove  that 
his  object  was  the  suppression  of  the  ecclesiastical  as  well 
as  civil  authorities  of  the  countiy,  and  the  destruction  of 
the  Chiistian  church.  With  this  view  he  placed  his  wife, 
Ota^  at  Clomnacnois,  at  that  time  second  only  to  Annagh 
in  ecclesiastical  inxportance,  who  gave  her  audiences,  or, 
according  to  another  reading,^  her  oracular  answers,  £rom 
the  high  altar  of  the  principal  church  of  the  monastery. 

In  Connaught  his  arms  appear  to  have  had  a  full  His  «ua»». 
trimnph,  for  our  Annals,^  at  the  year  835,  which  is  pro-  naught. 
bably  A.D.  838,  mention  a  most  cruel  oppression  of  all 
the  districts  of  Connaught,  and  soon  after  this,  speak  of 
the  battle  recorded  by  our  author,^  in  which  Maelduin, 
son  of  Muiighes,  heir  apparent  of  the  throne  of  Connaught, 
was  slain.  This,  however,  seems  to  have  been  just  before 
the  usurpation  of  the  abbacy  of  Armagh,  and  the  war  in 
Connaught  was,  therefore,  most  probably  conducted  by 
his  officers,  not  by  Turgesius  in  person. 

There  had  arrived  almost  annually  during  this  period  Reinforoe- 
great  reinforcements  to  aid  the  troops  of  Turgesius,  and  ^^e  at 
the  number  of  the  foreigners  now  in  the  island  must  have  Dubiîiu 
been  considerable.    A  fleet  of  three  score  and  five  ships 
landed  at  "  Dubhlinn  of  Ath^liath,"«  about  837  or  838, 


i  Tir-da^hs.  AâAmiiaii  tranulateg 
tli0  nime  '^Monasterium  daonun  ri- 
▼omm."  Vit  CobumbOf  Lib.  iL,  c  86. 
£d.  Beereai  p.  163,  i».  The  Identifi- 
cation of  this  place  with  the  modem 
TenyglaM  is  dne  to  Dr.  Beeres. 

*  Readkig.  SeenoteS, p.  13.  The 
Scandinavian  name  of  this  ladj  was 
probably  Audr  or  Audt»,  She  is  not 
mentioned,  so  far  as  the  editor  knows, 
in  any  of  the  Sagas. 

s  Amiah,  "  Vastatio  cmdeUssimA 
«  geatnîbiu  omnium  finiom  Gonnach- 


torum."*  Amu  UU^  335,  Fam'  M^ 
835. 

A  Our  aiahor»  Chap.  zi.,  p.  13. 
This  battle  is  dated  by  the  Fonr  M., 
838,  and  by  the  Annals  of  Ulster,  837. 
The  tme  date  was  840. 

iJhUMmno/Aih'aiath.  «*Black- 
pool  of  the  ford  of  hurdles,**  th^  an* 
dent  name  of  Dublin.  This  is  proba- 
bly the  same  invasion  which  the  Fonr 
M.  and  Ann.  of  Ulster  mention  at  833, 
althongh  they  speak  of  two  fleets  of 
Northmeo,  oi  60  ships  each,  one  4m 


1 


INTRODUCTION. 


BatUein 
Seotland. 


and  plundered  Leinster  and  Magh  Bregh,  or  Bregia,  the 
plain  to  the  norih  of  Dublin.  The  copy  of  this  work  in 
the  book  of  Leinster^  adda,  that  after  the  plunder  of 
Leinster  and  Bregia,  the  Dabriadans,  headed  apparently 
by  their  king,  Eoghanan,  son  of  Aengus»  went  north- 
wards  from  Dublin,  and  gave  the  Norsemen  battle ; 
but,  as  it  would  seem,  with  doubtful  sucoess,  for 
Eoghanan  himself  was  slain.'  Whether  this  battle  was 
fought  in  the  Irish  Dairiada  (now  the  Route,  county  of 
Antrim),  or  in  the  Scottish  Dairiada,  now  Argyle,  is  lefb 
uncertain  by  our  author.  But  it  is  most  probable  that  the 
Scotch  district  is  intended.  For,  since  the  establishment 
of  the  independence'  of  the  Scotch  and  Irish  branches  of 
the  tribe,  the  Irish  Annals  employ  the  name  Dairiada, 
almost  uniformly,  to  signify  the  Scottish  colony.  Moreover, 
Eoghanan  was  Kîng  of  the  Albanian  Dairiada,  and  the 
Four  Masters  teii  us  that  Ooffraddh,^  son  of  Fergus,  chief 
of  Oriei,  "  went  over  to  Alba^  in  836  (A.D.  837  or  838), 
to  strengthen  the  DaJriada^  at  the  request  of  Cinaedh  (or 
Kenneth)  MacAlpinn."  This  may  have  been  on  the  occa- 
sion  of  the  invasion  here  mentioned,  when  Eoghanan  lost 
his  life ;  for  the  Annals  of  Ulster  speak  of  the  battle,  at 


the  Boyne  ând  the  other  on  the  rhrer 
Liffey;  *'thete  two  fleets,**  the>r  add, 
**  plundered  and  spoiled  Magh  Liphe 
and  Magh  Bregh."  See  Dr.  0*I>ono- 
▼an*B  note,  FowrMoMt,^  p.  454.  The 
Four  Masten,  foUowing  the  Chronicon 
Scotonun,  teii  na  that  this  was  **  the 
Urat  taking  of  Ath-diath  bj  the  Gen- 
tile».** 

1  Bw}k  of  lAkuUr.  See  Append. 
A.,  p.  226.  Magh  Bngfa  was  the 
plabi  extendlng  from  the  sea  into  the 
co.  of  Meath,  between  the  riven  Liffey 
and  the  Boyne.  Its  aiident  limita, 
Ml  the  aide  of  Meath,  an  not  vecy 
acctuately  knoini. 

•MSm,    See p.  18,  nule u. 

s /mi^Mmfaioe.    Vis.,  at  the  Synod 


or  oonyention  of  Dmmeheati,  A.D. 
69a  "  From  this  time  forward,"  says 
Dr.  Reeves,  *^  the  Irish  Annals  make 
occasional  mention  of  the  lordsor  chiefs 
of  Dairiada,  by  whom  they  intend  the 
Alhanian  prinoes;  while  the  Irish 
territoiy  is  oompantively  mmoticed, 
inasmach  as  it  was  a  men  snb-terri« 
tory,  of  the  kingdom  of  Ircland.** 
Eedt»,  Antiq.  qflknm  amd  Comnor^  p. 
822. 

« Gojfraidk.  This  must  be  the 
Scandinavian  name  Gothofied,  and  ia 
a  rery  mrly  instance  of  the  adoption 
of  Sttch  names  bj  the  Irish,  faidicating 
the  intennairiagee  which  afterwarda 
became  rery  usual  between  the  two 
people,  notwithstanding  their  hostility. 


INTRODCCTION. 


li 


the  year  838  (=A.D.  830),  as  having  been  fought  in 
Fortrenn,*  or  Pictland,  a  name  sometimes  used  loosely  to 
signify  Scotland  in  general 

At  this  period  onr  auihor  says  the  sea  seemed  to  vomit  Beînforce- 
forth  floods  of  invaders,  so  that  "  there  was  not  a  point  Munst^. 
of  Ireland  without  a  fleet."  Nevertheless  this  statement 
probably  refers,  at  least  in  the  first  instance,  to  Munster. 
For  the  plaoes  said  to  have  been  plundered  by  the  new- 
comers  are  Bri-Gobhann,^  in  the  county  of  Cork;  CSll 
Ita  and  Cnil  Emhni,  by  a  fleet  which  landed  in  Ciarraighe 
Luachra»  now  Eerry' ;  and  the  Martini^  of  Munster,  atribe 
seated  near  Emly,  by  the  fleet  of  Limerick.  On  this  occa- 
sion,  as  we  have  aheady^  seen,  Forannan,  the  exiled  bishop 
of  Armagh,  was  made  priekonerby  the  pirates  of  Limerick, 
and  the  shrine  of  Patrick  was  broken  by  them. 

This  was  in  845 ;  and  in  the  same  year  Tui^gesius  was  Tmgeriiu 
afrested  in  his  victorious  course,  and  drowned*  in  Loch  ^~^^«*- 


^  Fartretm,  *'Bellam  re  ^enntibh 
for  fim  Fortrann,  in  qno  oecidenmt 
Eognnan  mac  Aengiua,  et  Aed  mac 
Boanta;  etaliipeDeinniunerabUeaoc- 
cidenint"  Aim.  UU,  See  Reeves' 
ilc&MNMM,  p.  890.  Kemieth  mac 
Alpinn  racceeded  his  father,  A.D.  838, 
and  vnited  the  Picta  to  his  kingdom, 
A.D.  842,  thna  becoming  king  of  Alba 
or  Scotland.  See  Uasher, /fufeâs  C&roi»., 
and  O'Flaherty,  Ogyg»y  p.  481,  where 
858  ia  an  error  of  the  presa  for  838. 

^Bn^GMmm.  '*HU1  of  theSmith,** 
now  Brigown,  an  old  Chorch,  which 
bad  fonnerly  a  ronnd  tower,  near 
Mitchelstown,  co.  of  Cork.  Cili  Ite 
or  Chmneh  of  St  Ita,  now  KiUeedy,  is 
in  the  00.  of  Limerick.  Cnil  Knhni, 
Is  imknown,  boi  was  probably  iu  the 
same  district. 

■JTenry.  Called  CSorra^Ae,  from 
the  descendantsof  Ciar,  son  of  Feigoa, 
king  of  Ulster,  in  the  first  oentory,  and 
Lmuckra  [of  Lnchair],  from  the  monn- 
tain  Sliabh  Lnachra,  to  distingnish  it 


from  other  districts  inhabited  bj  the 
Ciarraighe. 

A  Martim,  See  abore  note  ff,  p. 
zlU. 

'^Already.    See  p.  3dli.iii. 

0  Drovmed.  The  stoiy  of  his  death, 
as  told  by  Cambrensis,  is  refnted  by 
Lynch,  Cambremit  Ettraui,  toL  iii., 
p.  287  (KeUy's  edit)  and  was  dis- 
beliered  by  Colgan,  Act.  SS.,  p.  609, 
n.  4.  Bnt  the  legend  was  too  tempt- 
ing  to  be  omitted  by  Keating.  It 
is  briefly  this:  Tnrgesiaa  being  en- 
amonred  of  the  danghter  of  King 
Uaelsechlainn,  it  was  arranged  that 
she  shonld  rsceive  him  at  a  banqnet, 
in  an  idand  in  Loch  Usir,  where  she 
appeared,  snrronnded  by  fifteen  beard* 
less  yonths  in  f emale  attiie.  They  car- 
ried  arms,  howerer,  conoealed  nnder 
their  garments;  and  whem  Tnrgeshia, 
who  had  also  fifteen  attendanta,  ad« 
vanoed  to  embrace  them,  they  aod- 
denly  drew  their  daggen  and  ilew 
him  with  his  followars. 


Ui 


INTRODUCTION. 


IsTnrge. 
siiis  to  be 
f  onnd  in 
Scandina- 
vian  hîs- 
toiy? 

Hiareal 


Uair,  by  MaeLsechlaiim,  then  king  of  Meath,  who  soon 
afterwaxds  fiuoceeded  to  the  throne  of  Ireland. 

Thifl  may  be  the  proper  place  for  some  observations  on 
the  attempts  that  have  been  made  to  identify  the  Tuige- 
sius  of  Ireland  with  some  of  the  heroes  of  Scandinavian 
histoiy. 

The  name  Turgesius  or  Tuigeis,  is  evidently  the  Latin 
îtoiwîiaor  ^^  Celtic  form  of  Thorgils  or  Thorkilfl,  which  oocurs  so 
Thorkiifl.  frequently  in  the  northem  Sagas;  and  the  celebrated 
historian  Snorro  Sturleson*  certainly  regarded  them  as 
the  same,  for  he  tells  us  that  Thorgils,  the  son  of  Harold 
Harfagr,  was  sent  by  his  father  with  his  brother,  Frode, 
on  an  expedition  to  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Bretland,  or 
Britain.  They  were  the  first  of  the  Northmen,  he  adds^ 
who  took  Dublin.  Frode  was  poisoned  there;  and  Thor- 
gils, afber  a  longer  reign  **  fell  into  a  snare  of  the  Irish, 
and  waskilled"  This  proves  that  the  historian  intended, 
beyond  all  doubt,  the  Turgesius  of  Ireland.  The  allusion  is 
evidently  to  the  story  of  the  youths,  disguised  as  girls ;  and 
it  is  remarkable  that  Qiraldus  speaks  of  it,  in  the  same 
language  used  by  Snorro,  as  "  a  snare"  laid  for  him,  by 
which  he  lost  his  life.^  From  this  it  seems  almost  oertain 
that  Snorro  had  Cambrensis  before  him,  and  that  he  meant 
to  identify  his  Thorgils  with  the  Turgesius  of  Irish  history. 
Not  the  Bon  It  is  evident,  however,  that  Turgesius  could  not  have  been 
the  son  of  Harold  Harfagr,  and  that  Snorro  has  erred  by 
placing  him  nearly  a  century  too  late.*  The  very  men- 
tion  of  Dublin  in  Snorro's  narrative  is  additional  evidence 
of  the  anachronism ;  for,  according  to  the  unanimous  testi- 


Fair-hair. 


>  Snom  Sturleton,  Heunakringla 
Saga,  iii.,  eh.  87  (Laing'B  tianaL,  i, 
p.80i). 

^Life.  Topogr.  Hibernis,  Diat., 
ilL,  cap.  87. 

s  Too  laie,  This  conduaion  has 
been  draim  from  the  same  reasonixig, 
by  P.  A.  Munch,  Det  Nortke  FoOei 
Mitiorie  (Ghriatiama,  1852),  voi  L,  p. 
440;  and  by  Mamer,  Die  Bekeknmg 


dei  Norwegi9ekmstamme8  turn  Ckriaim- 
thume  (Mtinchen,  1855),  Bând.  i.,  p^ 
78.  See  alao  Langebek  L,  p.  518,  n. 
(a.)  The  reign  of  Harold  Harfagr  is 
osnally  dated  861  to  981.  If  he  had 
had  a  son  old  enongh  to  command  an 
expedition  to  IreUnd  in  831,  he  mnst 
have  been  oonsiderably  more  than  100 
years  of  age  when  he  died,  in  931. 


INTEODUCTTOK. 


Uu 


mony  of  the  Irish  Annals,*  it  was  în  837  or  838  that 
Dublin  was  first  taken  by  the  foreîgners,  who  erected  a  for- 
tress  there  in  841  or  84?2.  This  was  too  soon  for  any  son  of 
Harold  Harfagr;  but  it  was  within  the  period  of  the 
domination  of  Turgesius,  who,  aecording  to  every  account, 
must  have  been  slain,  whilst  Maelseachlain  was  still  king 
of  Meath,  and,  therefore,  before  the  year  846,  when  that 
chiefbain  became  king  of  Ireland. 

It  has  been  suggested*  also  that  Turgesius  may  have  been 
the  king  of  Denmark  and  Norway,  who  is  usually  known 
by  the  name  of  Bagnar  Lodbrok,  or  Hairybreeks.  The 
bistory  of  this  personage  is  fîill  of  fabulous  and  even  con- 
iradictory  adventures,  insomuch  that  some  have  main- 
tained  that  there  were  two  of  the  name,  and  others  solve 
the  difficulty  by  denying  the  existenoe  of  Bagnar  Lod- 
brok altogether,  except  in  the  legends  of  romantic  history. 
This  latter  hypothesis,  however,  is  scarcely  consistent 
with  the  place  he  holds  in  Scandinavian  genealogy,  and 
be  ÎB  not  the  only  chiefbain  of  his  age  and  nation  whose 
story  has  been  interwoven  with  fable.  His  date'  agrees 
suffidently  well  with  the  chronology  of  the  reign  of  Tur- 
gesius, and  there  are  some  other  very  curious  coincidences. 
Saxo  Grammaticus,^  for  example,  teUs  us  that  Ragnar, 
with  his  sons,  afker  having  spent  a  year  in  England,  in- 


The 

oocnpation 
of  Dublin. 


Snggestion 

that 

Tnigesîiis 

was  the 

same  as 

Ragnar 

Lodbrok. 


^AmaU.  Chron.  Scotorum,  837. 
Foor  MastezB,  886. 

*  StiggesUd.  This  snggestion  is  due 
to  Charles  Haliday,  esq.,  of  Dublin, 
who  kindly  commnnicated  to  the  editor 
the  materials  of  aleamed  and  valuable 
paperon  the  Irish  Norsemen,  which,  it 
is  hoped,  may  soon  be  pnblished.  In 
this  able  paper  Bir.  Haliday  supports 
the  identity  of  Turgesius  with  Ragnar 
Lodbrok,  by  some  Tery  acute  and  in- 
genious  aignments.  Dr.  0*Donoyan 
(Fngments  of  Annals,  p.  124,  n.)  has 
soggested  the  same  identity,  but  the 
editor  happens  to  know  that  he  bor- 
Towed  the  opinion  bom  Mr.  Haliday. 

*Dale.      The  limits  of  Ragnar*s 


reign  are  variously  assigned.  Torfsus 
dates  the  bţginning  of  his  reign  f  rom 
809  to  815,  and  bis  death  from  841  to 
865.  Ser,  Râff.  Dan,,  p.  9S9.  Hefais- 
feld  makes  him  reign  from  818  to  865. 
Lyschander,  812  to  841.  Svaning, 
815  to  841.  See  Langebek,  i2er.  Z>an. 
ScriptoreBy  I.,  p.  268.  The  Annales 
Islandid,  have  812  to  845;  pladng 
his  death  in  this  latter  year. 

*  Saxo  Grammaiieu».  Histor.  Dan. 
lib.  iz.,  p.  459,  ed.  MUller,  Hc^fn., 
1889.  ''Cumque  ibidem  [scil.  at 
Norwich,  after  having  yanquished 
Hella]  annum  victor  explesset,  oon- 
sequenter,  exdtis  in  opem  filiis,  Hy1>er- 
niam  petit,  ocdsoque  ejus  rege  Mei- 


Ragnar 

invaded 

Ireland 

aooording 

toSaxo. 


liv 


INTBODUCnON. 


DUBcaltieB 
in  identi- 
fyjng  him 
with 
Tnrgeâna. 


Northern 
tradition 
that 
Bagnar 
was  slain 
in  Ireland. 


vaded  Ireland,  "killed  its  king,  Melbricus,  and  took 
Dublin,  a  cîty  then  full  of  barbarian  wealth."  Now,  it 
is  curious,  that  the  Irish  Annals  at  a  date  which  answers 
to  831,  mention  an  inroad  of  "  Gentileâ*'  upon  the  district 
of  Louth,  when  Maelbrighte,  king  of  the  Conaille,  and 
his  brother,  Cananann,  were  taken  prisoners  by  them, 
and  carried  to  their  ship&^  It  seems  highly  probable  that 
the  Melbricus  of  Saxo  was  the  Maelbrighte  of  the  Irish 
bistorians,  and,  if  so,  that  Bagnar  Lodbrok  waA  the 
leader  of  this  party.  The  year  831  was,  therefore,  the  date 
of  his  appearance  in  Ireland ;  but  832,  as  we  have  seen, 
was  the  year  in  which  Tuj^esius  invaded  the  north  of 
Ireland,  and  plundered  Armagh  three  times  in  one  month. 
Here  then  is  a  coincidence,  which,  as  far  as  it  goes,  would 
seem  to  identify  the  tyrant,  Turgesius,  with  Kagnar  Lod- 
brok. It  is  true  there  are  discrepancies  in  the  narrative, 
which  shake  the  certainty  of  this  conclusion.  There  is  no 
mention  of  Dublin  in  the  Irish  accounts,  and  the  first  oocu- 
pation  of  Dublin  was  some  six  or  seven  years  later.  Saxo 
says  that  Melbricus  was  killed,  whereas  the  Annals  speak 
only  of  his  having  been  made  prisoner.  But  he  may 
have  been  made  prisoner,  and  afberwards  been  put  to  death. 
There  is,  therefore,  no  real  contradiction ;  and  so  also  Tur- 
gesius, although  he  did  not  take  Dublin  in  831,  did  oer- 
tainly  oocupy  it  aa  a  gamson  a  few  years  aftemards. 

The  serious  difficulty,  however,  is,  that  Bagnar  Lodbrok, 
according  to  Saxo's  account,  is  said  to  have  remained  in 
Ireland  for  one  year  only ;  nor  waa  he  slain  in  Ireland,  as 
Turgesius  was,  but  retumed  to  his  native  land  to  prose- 
cute  further  conquests.  These  may  indeed  be  aU  fabulous 
variations  of  the  history.  A  tradition  that  Lodbrok 
was  slain  in  Ireland  certainly  prevailed  in  the  north.     It 


bricOf  Dnflioam,  barbaria  opibns  refer- 
tissimam  obaedit,  oppugnavit,  accepit ; 
ibiqne  annao  ttativis  habitia,  mediter- 
ranemn  f  ratam  pemavigana,  ad  Helles- 
ponticnm  penetravit,  &c.** 

i  Skip§,    See  Ann.  Uit,  880,  Fonr 
M.,   829.      The  Conaille  ware  the 


inhabitants  of  the  district  of  Muir- 
theimhne,  oompriaing  that  portion  of 
the  00.  of  Louth  between  Oiudlgne 
(now  the  Cooley  monntains)  and  the 
river  Boyne.  See  the  £ditor*8  Si. 
PtUriek,  ApoMtU  ofirelandj  p.  406. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Iv 


is  preserved  in  the  chronicle  of  Eing  Eric* ;  and  another 
Scandinavian  authority  asserts  that  he  was  put  to  death 
**  by  Hella,  an  Irish  regolus,"^  in  ihe  year  854  or  864. 

Add  to  this  that  the  text  of  the  loelandic  Annala  gives 
the  year  845  as  the  date  of  Ragnar's  death,  thas  coinciding 
remarkably  with  the  date  assigned  in  Irish  hiâtoiy  to  the 
death  of  Turgesiua  It  must  be  admitted,  however,  that 
the  argument  from  thia  coinddenoe  is  impaired  by  the 
various  readings»  in  other  MSS.  of  those  Annals. 

It  is  not  explained  how  Ragnar  could  have  come  to  be 
known  in  Ireland  under  the  name  of  Thorgils,  unless  we 
suppose  him  to  have  assumed  that  title  as  descriptive  of 
his  zeal  for  the  god  Thor,  or  possibly  of  his  offîce,  as  high 
priest  of  Thor,  when  he  usurped  the  '*  abbacy"  of  Armagh, 
and  endeavoured  to  convert  the  Christian  capital  of  Ire- 
land into  the  head  quarters  of  Scandinavian  idolatry. 
But  in  the  Sagas  the  name  Thorgils  seems  to  be  in  eveiy 
instance  employed  as  a  man's  ordinary  name ;  we  have  no 
evidence  of  ijks  having  been  used  as  a  title  of  offîce,  or  to 
signify  a  high  prîest.  And  Tuigesius  may  have  equally 
represented  the  Scandinavian  name  Trygve, 


Date  of 

Ragnarn 

death,  ia 

the 

Icelandic 

Annals. 


Thechanf^e 
of  name 
from 

Ragnar to 
ThorgUa 
not  ex- 
plained. 


^  Kmff  Erie.  Apnd  Langebek, 
JSer.  DoH,  Seriptt  tom.  I.,  p.  15S. 
'*  Tandem  in  Hibernia  occiaoa  est,  et 
illii  ejns  fere  orones  in  diveisia  locia 
sont  oociai."  The  Lodbrokar  Qnida 
(^Sircph.  16),  repreeent»  Ragnar  aa 
hATing  slain  MamUin,  '*a  klng  of 
Ireland,"  atVedraflord  (Waterford). 
The  hiatorical  anthority  of  tfaJs  poem 
ia  not  great;  bat  thia  paaaage  seeois 
evidenee  of  the  ex&rtence  of  a  tradition 
thMi  Ragnar  bad  been  in  Ireland. 

^Beguku.  See  ComeL  Bemtfori^ 
SerUâ  rtgmm;  ap.  Langebek  I.,  p.  8& 
'*  Qni  Regneros  ab  Hella  Hybemomm 
ivgnlo  captns,  gravi  sappUcio  affidtnr, 
necatna  in  carcere  anno  854,  Foeeiiu 
l&abet  865."  Thia  feems  a  venion 
of  the  story,  that  Ragnar,  being 
taken  captÎTe  by  Ella,  king  of  Deira, 


or  Northomberland,  was  cast  into  a 
duigeon  and  stnng  to  death  by  vene- 
mous  snakes.  lakmâMkir  Aimai,,  p.  5. 
Tnmer'Biifi^iS!iutoM(2nd.  edit.),  i., 
228.  Lappenberg  (Thorpe*8  transl.), 
ii.,p.dO.  Ella  or  Hella,  may  have  been 
considered  an  Irish  regnlna,  becanse 
in  the  ninth  and  tenth  oentnries  the 
Scandinavian  kings  of  Dablin  were 
alao  kingt  of  Northnmbria;  and  the 
$nakei  may  have  been  a  bardic  descrip- 
tion  of  the  poi^narda  of  King  Siael- 
sechlainn^s  danghter  and  ber  f oUo  weia ; 
bnt  there  is  anachronism  as  wtll  as 
confusion  in  the  story. 

•  Variaui  readmffâ,  Other  MSS. 
of  the  loelandic  Annala,  give  the  dates 
888, 860,  and  885.  JtImdMt  Amahr, 
ed.  WerlaQir(£r([|/i».,  1847),  p.  7. 


Ivi 


INTRODUCnON. 


Th6  kîngs       it  îs  certain,  however,  that  the  chieftains  who  carried 

umberUnd  o^  the  war  in  Noiihumberland  from  the  middle  of  the 

and  Dnbiin  ninth  centuiy,  and  who  subsequently  became  maştere  or 

defloeDd-     ''  kings"  of  Dublin,  were  sons^  and  desoendants  of  Ragnar 

^  o'       Lodbrok.    The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronide  menţiona  Ingvar 

or  Ivar,  and  Ubba,  as  the  leadere  of  the  heathen  army 

which  was  quartered  at  Thetford,  and  there  gained  a 

victory  over  king  Eadmund,  A.D.  870,  in  which  ''the 

king  was  slain,  all  that  land  subdued,  and  all  the  monas- 

teries  which  they  came  to  destroyed."    This  seems  to 

have  been  the  same  army^   which  had  settled  in  East 

Anglia  in  866.    The  Ivar  or  Ingvar  here  mentioned,  as  we 

leam  from  the  Icelandic  Annals,'  was  Ivar,sumamed  Bein- 

laus,  or  the  Bone-less,  son  of  Ragnar  Lodbrok,  by  his  third 

wife,  Aslauga,*  or  Asloga,  daughter  of  Sigurd  Fofhisban. 

Ubba  or  Ubbo,  was  aJso  a  son  of  Lodbrok,  but,  as  it  would 

seem,  illegitimate.^     His  name  does  not  oocur  in  the  Irish 

Annals ;  but  Ivar  is  mentioned  in  the  Annals  of  the  Four 


1  Sons.  See  Lappenberg  Hist  of 
England  (Thorpe^s  transl.),  ii.,  p.  80. 

*  Army,  See  Anglo-Saxon  Chron. 
at  the  date  mentioned  above.  Ethei- 
weard,  Chron.  lib.  iv.,  c.  2,  A.D. 
866. 

*  Icekmdîe  Annais.  Hafnis,  1847, 
p.  5.  The  story  is  thns  told.  When 
the  news  of  Ragnar's  havlng  been  pat 
to  death  reachedhis  sons,  who  were  then 
celebrating  some  pnblic  gamee,  War 
went  to  England.  His  brothers  fol- 
lowed  him  soon  after  with  gieat  forcea, 
dew  Ella,  and  Ivar  became  king  of 
England,  Leu,  of  Northombria.  Saxo 
GrammaticaB  has  the  same  ttoiy,  bnt 
he  makea  the  sonfl  of  Ragnar  to  have 
been  in  Ireland  when  the  news  of  their 
bther's  death  reached  them;  lib.  iz., 
p.  461. 

*  AiUtuga.  Landnamabok,  p.  385. 
Their  sons  were  Signrd  Ormi^i-auga 
(or  Serpent-eye) ;  Hnitaerk,  K.  of 
Reidgothia  and  Finland ;  Biom  lam- 
sida  (Ironside);  and  Ivar  Beinlaus  (the 


boneleas).     They  had  one  daughter, 
RagnhiUda. 

'  nUgitimaU,  Saxo,  tells  the  story 
of  his  birth,  HisL  Dan,,  lib.  ix.,  p.  451. 
There  is  a  passage  in  Assers  Gesta 
^Ifridi,  or  rather  in  some  copies  of  it, 
at  the  year  878,  wliich  proves  it  to  have 
been  the  popular  belief  that  Hangar  or 
Ivar,  and  Ubba  were  the  sons  of  Bag- 
nar  Lodbrok ;  speaking  of  their  banner 
called  Beafan  [the  Baven]  "illad 
vexillom  qaod  Beafan  nominant," — he 
says,  ^''dicunt  enim  qaod  ties  sorores 
Hungari  et  Habbn,  fiii»  videlioet 
Lodbroki,  iUad  vexillom  texaeront, 
et  totum  paraveront  illad  ano  meri> 
diano  tempore ;  dicunt  etiam  qaod  in 
omnibello  ubipnecederetidem  signum^ 
si  vîctoriam  adepturi  essent,  appareret 
in  medio  signi  quasi  oorbus  vivens 
volitans :  sin  vero  vincendi  in  futuro 
fuissent,  penderet  directe  nihil  movens: 
et  hoc  saepe  probatum  est."  Momh- 
menta  Hiat,  BrUann.  (ed  Fetrie),  p. 
481,  Cf.  Angh-Sax.  Chron,,  A1D.S78. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ivii 


Masters  as  being  in  alliance  with  CearbhaU,  or  Carroll, 
king  of  Ossoiy,  and  the  Gaillgaedhil,  or  apostate  Irish, 
when  they  defeated  the  Cinei  Fiachach,^  in  856  or  857,  in 
the  county  of  Tipperary.  In  the  same  year,  according  to 
the  Annals  of  Ulster,  Ivar  and  Amlaf,  or  Olaf,  gained  a 
victory  over  Caittil  Find^  and  the  Gaillgaedhil  in  the 
tenitories  of  Munster.  If  these  dates  are  correct,  Ivar 
Beinlaus  was  in  Ireland  ten  years  before  his  first  appear- 
ance  in  England;  and  it  was  from  Ireland  he  conquered 
the  kingdom  of  Northumbria. 

The  Earl  Onphile  is  mentioned'  as  a  leader  of  the  party  Battle  of 
of  foreigners  who  were  defeated,  and  Onphile  killed,  at  Roscrea, 
Roscrea,^  the  Irish  having  been  assembled  in  great  num- 
bers  at  the  fair  which  was  held  there  on  the  festival  of 
Paul  and  Peter  (29th  June),  the  same  year  in  which  Tui'- 
gesius  was  drowned,  A.D.  845. 

Our  author  then  gives  a  list  of  a  great  number  of  inva-  ^^w 

Invftsioiu. 


1  Cinei  fîouAachy  or  Kinelea,  the 
inhabitants  of  the  present  barony  of 
Moyctthd,  in  Westmeath. 

*C€iUiilFmd,  This  seems  to  be  the 
Sctndîiuiyîan  name  KetUl,  with  the 
Irish  addîtion  of  Finn,  white.  He 
is  prohably  the  same  whose  destnic» 
tion  with  that  of  his  whole  garrison 
18  mentioned,  eh.  xziii.,  p.  23,  of  the 
preaent  work.     See  p.  Ixxi,  note  *, 

^JfentionscL  See  chap.  xv.y  p.  15, 
and  p.  227.  The  name  of  this  chief> 
tain,  which,  in  some  MSS.,  ia  written 
Oflfin,  or  Oilfinn  (perhape  the  Scan- 
dinavian  Halfdane),  does  not  occur  in 
the  Iriah  Annals,  and  the  preeent  work 
fleema  the  only  ancient  authority  in 
which  the  battle  of  Roecrea  is  recorded. 

*  Rotarea,  Keating  (O'Mahony's 
tnmsL,  p.  646,)  quotes  a  tiact  by 
Fingm  or  Florence  MacCarthy,  as  his 
aothority  for  the  account  he  gives  of 
this  battle.  This  tract  is  a  letter,  the 
original  of  which  is  in  the  Library  of 
Trin.  ColL,  Dttblin,  £.  3, 1&    It  is  in 


English,  addressed  to  some  noblemaa 
who  is  called  "your  Lordship,**  but 
whose  name  does  not  appear.  The 
passage  referred  to  by  Keating  is  as 
follows. — Speaking  of  the  existence 
of  markets  and  fairs  as  a  proof  of  the 
ancient  commerce  of  Ireland,  MacCar- 
thy  says,  "  Such  as  when  in  the  times 
when  the  Danes  invaded  that  coontry, 
Counte  Olfyn  ledd  3,000  or  4,000 
Danes  from  Limericke  to  ruffle  or 
spoyle  the  fayre  that  was  on  St  Peter 
and  Paule*s  day  at  Rosscrea  in  Elie** 
[i.e.,  Ely  O'CarroU,  King's  co.,  and 
part  of  Tipperary.— see  B,  of  Âiffhti, 
p.  73,  fi.] :  ^*  the  number  of  bnyers 
and  sellers  that  were  here  came  in 
armes  against  him,  and  overthrew  and 
killed  him  and  his  forces."  The  letter 
is  subscribed  "your  Lordship's  most 
humble  aud  f aithfoll  to  be  commanded 
FlortrUhu  MtKortyeJ"  It  is  not  im- 
probable  that  the  present  work  may 
have  been  MacCarthy's  anthority  for 
this  notice  of  the  battle  of  Roscrea. 

e 


1      ••• 

Ivui 


INTRODUCnON. 


sions  to  which  he  assigns  no  exact  dateH.  The  first  of 
these  was  by  a  fleet  of  sixty  ships,  which  appeared  at  tfae 
mouth  of  the  Boyne,  and  plimdered  Bregia  and  Meath. 
The  arrival  of  thia  fleet  îs  dated  by  our  Annals  in  the 
same  year  in  which  a  fleet  of  sixty  ships  landed  at 
Dublin/  and  plundered  the  plains  of  Liffey  and  Bregia. 
But  if  oiir  author  intended  the  order  of  his  narratiye  to 
be  chronological,  the  sixty  ships  on  the  Boyne  must  have 
arrived  in  or  after  the  year  845. 

It  seems  scarcely  necessary  to  do  more  than  mention 

here  the  parts  of  the  coast  at  which  the  several  ''  fleets" 

are  said  to  have  landed,  with  the  places  notioed  by 

our  author  as  having  been  plundered  by  each  party  of 

invaders.     Tliey  are  as  follow : — 

Fleets  at         A  fleet  settled  on  Loch  Echach  or  Loch  n-Echach  [now 

N^S  and  ^"^e^  Neagh]  and  plundered  all  before  them  to  Armagh. 

Dublin.      Another  on  the  Lifley,  and  plundered  Magh  Breagh,  "  both 

country  and  churches."'    Then  came  "  a  very  great  fleet" 

(eh.  xvii.)  to  the  south  of  Athcliath,  or  Dublin,  which 

plundered  the  greater  part  of  Ireland. 

Monasteries      Our  author  gives  the  names  of  the  principal  ecclesiaa- 

b/?hr^    tical  establishments  that  suffered  6om  this  invasion,  but 

fleet  of       he  evidently  does  not  eniunerate  them  in  the  order  in 

which  they  were  plundered.    Hi  Coluim-cille  was  probably 

attacked  by  the  pirates  on  their  way  to  Ireland.     Inis- 

Muiredhaigh,'  an  island  off  the  north  coast  of  Sligo,  waa 


^DubHn,  See  chap..  xii,  and  the 
note  ^i  p.  xliz,  tupra. 

fi  Churcheâ,  It  ia  possible  tbat  this 
may  be  a  duplicate  entiy  of  the  ar> 
rival  of  the  fleet  mentioned,  cha]^  xiL 
If  not,  we  have  three  fleets  spoken  of 
as  having  landed  at  the  same  place, 
which  plundered  nearly  the  same  dis- 
trict about  the  same  time,  viz.:  1.  The 
fleet  of  sizty-five  ships  which  landed 
at  Dublin,  and  plundered  Leinster  and 
Bregia  (chap  xii.)  2.  The  fleet  of  sixty 
ships  which  landed  at  the  Boyne  and 
plundered  Bregia  and  Meath  (chap. 


xyL)  :  this  fleet  our  author  saya  cama 
after  the  battle  of  Boscrea,  Le.,  after 
845.  3.  A  third  fleet,  which  settled  on 
the  Liffey  (meaning,  perhaps,  the  plain 
80  called,  not  the  river),  and  plun- 
dered Bregia  (chap.  xvi.) 

*  IwU-Mwredkaigh.  **  Island  of  St. 
Muiredhach,"  first  bishop  of  ^»^>*la, 
now  called  Inishmurray. — ArchdaUf 
McnoMt.,  p.  685.  If  the  pirates  had 
come  from  Hi  Coluimkilleto  Inishmur* 
ray,  it  is  not  likely  that  they  wonld 
have  gone  ronnd  all  the  way  to  DnUin 
without  landing;  poanbly,  therefore, 


TNTRODUCTION. 


lix 


not  in  theîr  course  fi'om  the  Northern  seas  to  Dublin,  but 
it  may  have  been  plundered  on  theîr  way  home.  It  will 
be  seen  from  the  places'  mentioned  that  this  party  of 
marauders  had  penetrated  into  the  very  heart  of  the 
country. 

We  have  next  (cL  xviîî.)  a  lîst  of  the  several  ecclesi-  Monaateries 
astical  cells  and  monasteries  plundered  by  a  fleet  which  b^^^^i^f 
came  to  the  south  of  Ireland*.    The  pirates  are  saîd  to  from  the 
have  killed  "Rudgaile,  son  of  Trebtade,  and  Cormac, '^**^* 


the  Ath  aiath  (Hvrâleford)  wbere 
thej  are  eaid  to  have  landed,  was  not 
JhMkmAthaCSaik,  as  it  is  called, chap. 
zii,  p.  12,  but  Ath  CHaih  Medraighe, 
DOW  Clariobridge,  at  the  eastern  end  of 
the  bty  of  Galway .  The  Eiskir,  or  ridge 
of  gnvel  hills  which  divided  the  north- 
ern  from  the  southeni  half  of  IreUmd, 
("  Leth  Cnhm"  from  "  Legh  Mogha,") 
is  terminated  at  its  eastom  extremîty 
by  Ath  Cliath  Dublinne,  and  at  ÎU 
western  by  Ath  Cliath  Medraighe 
The  udent  district,  called  Medraighe, 
waa  identical  in  extent  with  the  pre- 
KQt  pariah  of  Ballynaconrty — (See 
Cmit  of  Muirchertachf  p.  47,  note, 
and  OFlakerUfs  West  Cormaught  hy 
Hardiman,  p.  41).  Howcvcr,  wţen 
Ath  Cliath  is  spoken  of  simply,  with- 
oat  tnjthing  to  distînguiah  it  from 
other  places  of  the  name,  Dublin  is 
gnenlly  faitended.  The  present  town 
of  BallTmote,  in  the  barony  of  Cor- 
nn,  connty  of  Sligo,  was  anciently 
Ath  CHaih  an  Chorann ;  but  as  this  is 
u  inland  town  it  could  not  have 
been  the  Ath  Cliath  here  intended. 
Therewere  many  other  places  called 
Ath  CHaih  in  Ireland.— (/Donoron't 
B]fFladmich,p.  171,  ii.,  262,  n, 

'  Theplaeet.  These  are  Daimhmii, 
DOW  Deyeniah  island,  in  Loch  Erne, 
coonty  of  Fennanagh;  GUnialocK,  in 
the  eounty  of  Wicklow;  aU  Lântter^ 
u  ftt  as  to  JcAdd^Hir,  (now  Fresh- 


f ord,  oounty  of  Kilkenny :  see  Petrie, 
Round  Towers,  p.  282,  sq.);  and  to 
Achadh-bOf  (now  Aghaboe,  Qaeen's 
eounty:  Archdall,  p.  588);  and  to 
Liath  Moeaemhoc,  (now  Leigh,  in  the 
east  of  the  parish  of  Two-mile  Bor- 
ris,  in  the  barony  of  Eli-Fogarty  or 
Eliogarty,  eounty  of  Tlpperary) ;  and 
to  Datre-fNor,  which  the  Martyrol.  of 
Donegal  says  was  only  a  mile  from 
Liath,  (May  20,  p.  186,)  The  Life 
of  St.  Mochaomhoc,  (qaoted  Four 
Mast.  1014,  p.  781,  fi.,)  states  that 
Daire-mor  was  **in  regione  Muminen- 
sium;*'  and  Dr.  O^Donovan  identifiesit 
with  Kilculman  in  the  present  King*s 
eounty,  which  was  indeed  a  part  of 
the  antient  Munster,  (J3.  of  Rights,  p. 
79,  ii).  But  Kilcolman  must  have  been 
more  than  a  mile  from  Liath.  The 
othtf  places  mentioned  are  Clonfert- 
Molua,  now  Kyle,  near  Borris-in- 
Ossory ,  Queen*B  eounty ;  Rotcrt,  now 
Boscrea,  eounty  of  Tipperary;  CUm- 
macnoig,  King's  eounty ;  Saighir^  now 
Seirkierân,  near  Birr,  King*s  eounty ; 
and  DwmhagK,  now  Durrow,  the  ce- 
lebrated  abbey  of  St.  Columkille, 
barony  of  Ballycowan,  King's  eounty. 
It  will  be  observed  that  every  one  of 
these  places  was  the  site  of  a  remark- 
able  ecclesiastical  establishment. 

s  South  ^f  Treland,  The  copy  of 
this  work  preserved  in  the  Book  of 
Leinster  says,  to  Limerick. 

e2 


Ix 


INTRODUCTION. 


son  of  Selbach,  an  anchorite,"  of  whom  no  mention  bas 
been  found  elsewhere.  ^    But  they  met  with  a  very  dedded 
opposition.     They  were  "  slaughtered"  at  Ard-Feradaigh 
by  the  Mumha  Medhonach,  or  men  of  Middle  Munster ; 
and  they  were  opposed  by  "  the  south  of  Ireland,"  that 
is  to  say,  by  the  Eoghanacht  Ua  nEochaidh,^  who  were 
under  the  command  of  their  chieftain,  Donnchadh,  son 
of  Amhalgaidh,  and  of  Clochna,  (or  as  the  Four  Maş- 
tera caii  him,   Clothnia,)   Lord   of  Corca-Laighe.     The 
latter  of  these  warriora,  and  probably  both,  were  slain  on 
thîs  occasion,  for  the  Fonr  Masters  record  the  deaths  of 
both  in  the  same  year,  844  (really  845),  without  saying 
that  they  were  killed  in  battle,  although  our  author  ex- 
pressly  tells  us  that  Gochna  was  slain  by  the  foreigners, 
and  the  MS.  L.  adds,  after  the  mention  of  Donnchadh, 
the  parenthesis,*  "  it  was  at  Cork  he  was  killed."     The 
battle  of  Ard  Feradaigh,  or  Cam  Feradaigh,  as  it  is  also 
called,  a  monntain  in  the  south*  of  the  county  limerick, 
îs  dated  by  the  Four  Masters  836  (=838).     This,  with 
the  date  they  have  given  to  the  deaths  of  the  chieftains 
who  commanded  the  troops  of  South  Munster,  sufficiently 
fixes  the  chronology*  of  this  invasion.   It  will  be  observed 


1  Eltewhere.  The  editor  haa  not 
sacceeded  in  didcovering  elsewherc  the 
legend  that  Cormac,  son  of  Selbach, 
was  thrice  set  free  by  an  angel,  and 
thrice  bonnd  ai:ain.     See  p.  19. 

8  Eoghanacht  îm  nEochaidh,  The 
descendants  of  Eochaidh,  son  of  Cas, 
son  of  Conall  Corc — See  Append.  B, 
Table  IV.,  No.  8,  p.  248,  and  note  », 
p.  18.  Their  territory  was  originally 
the  barony  of  Cinel-mBece,  now  Kin- 
elmeaky,  county  of  Cork,  but  they 
afterwards  encroached  on  the  neigh- 
bouring  districts.— See  Book  of  Rights, 
p.  256,  «.  Corca-Laighe,  the  country 
of  the  Ui  Edirsceoil  or  O'Driscolls, 
was  nearly  coextensive  with  the  pre- 
nent  diocese  of  Ross. — See  Miscell.  of 
Celtic  Soc.,  App,  E^  p.  87. 


*  PcarenthesU.    See  p.  19,  n.  ^. 

*  South,  In  the  territory  of  CUu 
Maif.  /\wrJfa»r.Â.D.  822,  p.  245,1». 
O'Donoyan  suggests  that  it  may  have 
been  the  ancient  name  of  Seefin, 
barony  of  Coshlea,  county  of  Lime- 
rick,  Four  Mast,  A.M.  3656. 

*  Chronology,  If,  however,  we  give 
any  weight,  as  marks  of  chronology, 
to  the  words  of  our  author,  **there 
came  after  thisy^  which  he  repeats  at 
every  record  of  a  new  mvasion,  there 
is  some  discrepancy  between  his  chron- 
ology and  that  of  the  Four  Mast. :  for 
this  latter  authority  dates  the  slaughter 
of  the  pirates  at  Cam  Feradaigh  836, 
=838.  These  must,  therefore,  have 
been  in  Ireland  before  the  death  of 
Turgesius,  which  took  place  in  845, 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixi 


that  all  the  places  attacked  or  plunJered  are  in  the  south,* 
and  in  Munster. 

Then  follows  (chap.  xix.)  a  list  of  places  plundered  by  Additional 
"  tbe  fleet  of  Atb-Cliath,"  or  DiibHn.   This  was  apparently  Jjjj^^ 
the  fleet  mentioned  in  chapter  xvii.,  wbicb  our  author  says  plundered 
landed  at  the  south  of  Ath-cliath  and  plundered  the  greater  ^^^  ^j 
part  of  Ireland.    He  had  intennipted  his  list  of  their  depre-  Dublin, 
dations  in  the  interior  of  Ireland  to  speak  of  the  other 
fleet  which  had  appeared  în  the  south  of  Munster  about 
the  same  time,  and  he  now  continues  his  account  of  the 
monasteries^  plundered  by  the   former  party.     In  the 
course  of  his  narrative  he  particularly  mentions  the  death 
of  Aodh,  son  of  Dubh-da-Crich,  who  was  comarb  or  suc- 
cessor  of  Colum  Mac  Crimhthainn,  that  is,  abbot  of  Tir- 
daglass,'  and  also  successor  of  St.  Fintan,  in  other  words 
abbot  also  of  Cluain  Eidneach,  or  Clonenagh.    This  event 
is  placed  by  the  Annals  of  Ulster  and  by  the   Four 
Masters  in  the  same  year  in  which  Turgesius  was  slain. 
The  Ulster  Annals  agree  with  the  statement  of  our  author 
that  the  abbot  Aodh  was  slain  in  the  attack  upon  Dun- 
Mase ;  but  the  Four  Masters^  teii  us  that  he  was  taken 


whereas  our  author  makes  them  the 
third  fleet  of  inyaden  that  anived 
afUr  that  event.  Compare  chaps. 
XT\^  xvii.,  xviii. 

^Soitth.  Theae  are  SctUg  Michil, 
the  island  of  which  we  have  already 
^ken  (see  p.  xxxviii).  Inis  Flainn^ 
or  more  correctly  Inis  Faithlenn,  now 
InirfaJlen,  an  ialaud  in  the  Lower  Lake 
of  Kilamey;  Ditert  Domhaifij  now 
nnknown;  Cluain  m^r,  now  Cloyne; 
Bot  AiUtkri,  now  Boss,  county  of  Cork ; 
and  Cmn-mara  (head  of  the  sea),  now 
Kenmare,  county  of  Kerry. 

*Mona$ierie8.  These  are  CiUdarn^ 
or  Kildare.;  Chtain  Eidhnech,  now 
Clonenagh,  the  celebrated  monastery 
of  St.  Fintan,  in  the  Queen*s  county ; 
Cam-Eiigh^  now  Rinnetty,  King's 
county;  OU  Ached  now  KJlleigh, 
King's  county ;  Dan  Matc^  [fortress  of 


Mase,  an  ancient  chieftain,]  then 
most  probably  ecclesiastical,  now  the 
rock  of  Dunamase,  ncar  Maryborough, 
Queen*8  county — (see  Dr.  0*Donovan'8 
note,  Fow  Maât.^  848);  CennanmiUi 
now  Kells,  county  of  Meath;  MainUter 
Buite,  the  raonaster>'  of  St.  Buite  or 
Boetius,  now  Monaaterboice,  county 
of  Louth;  Daimhliac  Cianaifi,  now 
Duleek  (of  St.  Cianan) ;  SordqfColvm 
Cîtte^  now  Swords,  near  Dublin;  and 
FinnghUua-  Camnigh^  now  Finglaa,  near 
Dublin,  where  there  was  a  famous 
monastery,  founded  by  St.  Cainnech, 
or  Canice,  of  Achadhbo,  and  of  Kil- 
kenny,  in  the  6th  century. 

"  TirâaglcM.    See  above,  p.  x,  n  *. 

^  Four  Masters.  The  record  of  this 
event  in  the  Annals  of  Ulster  18  this : 
^'  Plunder  of  DunMasc  by  the  Gentileo, 
where  was  slain  Aedh,  or  Aodh,  son  of 


Ixiî 


INTRODUCTION. 


Arrival  of 
the  Dubh- 
gaill,  or 
Danes. 


They  take 
Dablin. 


Battle  of 
Carling- 
ford. 


prîsoner  and  carried  off  to  Munster,  where  "  he  suffered 
martyrdom  for  the  sake  of  God." 

So  far  our  author  has  chronicled  the  depredations  of  the 
White  or  azure  Gentiles,  that  is  to  say  the  Norwegians, 
down  to  the  end  of  the  dynasty  of  Turgesius,  for  none  of 
the  invasions  hitherto  mentioned,  so  far  as  we  can  ascer- 
tain  their  actual  dates,  seem  to  have  been  much  later  than 
the  death  of  that  chieftain.  He  now  proceeds  (chap.  xx.) 
to  record  the  arrival  of  the  Dubhgaill,  Black  Gentiles, 
Danars,  or  Danes,  who  contested  possession  of  the  country 
with  the  Finngall  or  White  Gentiles. 

The  Annals  of  Ulster  and  of  the  Four  Masters  teii  us 
that  thîs  Danish  fleet  first  came  to  Dublin  in  852,  where 
they  plundered,  after  great  slaughter,  the  fortress  erected 
by  the  Finngall  or  Norwegians,  and  that  there  was  soon 
aflerwards  a  great  battle  between  the  two  parties  at  Lînn- 
Duachaill,*  in  which  the  Danes  were  victorious.  The 
Norwegians  or  White  foreigners  then  mustered  a  fleet  of 
eight  score  ships  and  gave  battle  to  the  Danes  at  Snamh 


Dubb-da  Crich,  abbot  of  Tir-da-glass 
and  of  Cloain  Eidhneach,  and  where 
were  slainCeithemac,  son  of  Cudinaisc, 
sub-abbot  of  Kildare,  and  many  othen.** 
Arm.  UU.y  444.  The  Four  Masters 
(848)  have  the  following  entry:  **  An 
army  bj  the  foreigners  of  Ath  Cliath 
at  the  Cloana  an  Dobhair,"  [the  plains 
ronnd  Killeigh,  King's  countj,]  "and 
the  buming  of  the  fort  of  Cill-achaidh** 
[Dr.  O^DonoTan  has  "  the  fold,"  an 
error  of  the  press  for  forty  of  Cill- 
achaidh,  or  Killeigh,]  "  and  Nuadhat, 
son  of  Seighen,  was  martyred  by  them. 
The  pltmder  of  Diînmasc  by  the  fo- 
reigners, where  Aedh,  son  of  Dubh- 
dacrich,  abbot  of  Tir-da-glaa,  and  of 
Clnain-eidhnech,  was  taken  prisoner ; 
and  they  carried  him  into  Munster, 
where  he  su£Fered  martyrdom  for  the 
sake  of  God;  and  Ceithemac,  son  of 
Cudinaisg,  prior  of  CiUdara,  with  many 
others  besides,  was  killed  by  them, 
during  the  same  plunder." 


^Linn  DuachaiU:  not  Magheralin, 
county  of  Down,  as  0*Donovan  once 
thought;  Circuit  of  Irelandy  note  o» 
line  35.  He  af terwards  conecta  the 
error,  Fra^ments  of  AnnaU,  p.  120. 
Four  M.,  1045,  p.  848,  n.  Linn-Doa- 
chaill  was  in  the  county  of  Louth,  S.E. 
of  Castle-BelUngham.  It  was  on  the 
banks  of  therirer  called  Casan  Linn^, 
Mart.  Doneg.  (March  30,  p.  91,  comp* 
Colffan,  Actt.  SS.,  pp.  792,  793).  This 
river  is  mentioned  in  the  circuit  of 
Ireland  (loc,  ciu)  as  a  station  south  of 
Glen  Righe,  or  the  vale  of  Newry,  and 
between  it  and  Ath  Gabhla  on  the 
Boyne.  This  does  not  describe  the 
posltion  of  Magheralin,  which  ia  con- 
siderably  to  the  north,  and  inland. 
Part  of  the  name  Casan  Linn^  is  pre- 
served  in  the  name  Annagassan  [Aon- 
ach  g-Ccutdnf  **  Fair  of  Casan,"]  a  vil- 
lage  at  the  tidal  opening  of  the  june- 
tion  of  the  rivers  Glyde  and  Dee;  a 
much  more  likely  place  for  a  Danish 


INTBODUCTION. 


Ixiii 


Aidhnech'  or  Carlingford.  The  contest  lasted  three  days 
and  three  nighta  The  Danes  gained  the  victory,  and  the 
Norwegians  abandoned  their  shipa  The  Annals  of  ULster 
mention  the  names  of  the  two  Norwegian  leaders  in  this 
conflict,  Stăm,  (or  perhaps  we  should  read  Stain,)  who 
escaped  by  flight,  and  Iercne  who  was  beheaded.^ 

The  "Fragmenta  of  Annals/**  copied  by  Duald  or  Dudley  Account  of 
Usc  Firbis,  fiom  a  MS.  belonging  to  GiUa-na-na^mh  Max;  *^^^'**" 
Egan,  add  the  foUowing  very  curious  particulars  to  this  Mac  Firbis 
narrative : — 

The  Lochlanns  or  Norwegians  (we  are  not  told  where 
they  were  at  the  time,  perhaps  at  Dublin,)  perceive  the 
approach  of  a  fleet.  Being  uncertain  whether  it  was 
fiiendly  or  hostile,  they  send  out  a  swift  ship  to  ascertain 
the  fact  The  strangers  prove  to  be  Danes;  and  the 
Norwegian  ship  is  received  with  a  shower  of  arrows  firom 
the  nearest  vessel  of  the  enemy.  A  battle  at  sea  ensues 
between  the  two  hostile  ships,  in  which  the  Danes  are 
victorious,  and  the  crew  of  the  Norwegian  ship  are  all 


piratical  flettlement  than  Magheralin. 
There  is  a  townland  called  Limu,  in 
the  parish  of  Gemonstown,  which  nins 
down  along  the  sea  to  Annagassan 
Bridge.  The  Casan  Linn^  was  pro- 
bttbly  the  river  now  called  the  Glyde, 
aad  Linn-Diiachaill  must  have  been- 
al  the  nnited  mouth  of  the  Glyde  and 
Dee:  For  this  inf  ormation  the  editor 
îs  indebted  to  Dr.  Reeves. 

^Smamh  Aidhneeh.  This  was  the 
andent  name  of  the  present  Carling- 
ford bay,  which,  however,  Is  taotology ; 
for  the  Scandinavian  termination^^ionf 
aignifies  '"baj."  The  Four  M.  have 
the  simple  name  CairUnn  frequently. 
Karimfcrdia  occors  in  Giraldns  Cam- 
brensis»  Snamh  in  Irish  topogniphical 
names  is  a  swimming  place,  a  ford, 
narrow  enoogh  to  be  crossed  by  swim- 
ming, but  too  deep  to  be  passed  on 
foot.  Snamh  Aighneac  is  the  reading 
of  the  Brossels  Fnigments  of  Annals 
pu  121 ;  of  the  Four  Mast;  Ann.  Uit; 
and  L. ;  but  the  apparent  differences 


Eidhneach,  Aidhneach,  and  Aignech 
are  only  yariations  of  spelling.  See 
note  ^,  p.  19.  The  place  is  called 
Sttamh  Ech  in  the  Mart.  of  Donegal, 
(2nd  April,  p.  93),  which  signifies  **  the 
horse  swimming  ford."  Dr.  Reeves 
has  shown  that  the  Danish  settlement 
at  Snamh-aighnech  was  near  Caol- 
uisce  or  Narrow-water,  at  the  head  of 
Carlingford  Lough.  See  his  note  on 
CiUanabha  (Itinerary  of  Fatiier  Cana.) 
UUter  Journal  <if  ArchaoU,  voL  ii, 
p.  45. 

iBeheaded.  '*Stam  [recuf  Stain]  fu- 
gitiyus  evasit  et  Iercne  decollatus 
jacait"  ^11».  UlL  A.D.  851=852. 
The  Scandinarian  names  of  these 
cbief taina  were  probably  Stwij  or 
SteinaTt  and  Eirekr, 

•Aimals.  EditedbyDr.O^Donovan 
from  a  MS.  (not,  however,  the  auto- 
graph  of  MacFirbis,)  in  the  Burgun- 
dian  Library  at  Brusseb.  (Printed 
for  the  Irish  Archcological  and  Celtic 
Society— 1860.) 


Ixiv 


INTRODUCTION. 


slain.  The  Danes  bring  up  their  fleet  to  the  shore,  and 
in  another  battle  kill  thrice  their  own  number,  and  deca- 
pitate every  one  of  the  slain.  They  take  the  ships  of  the 
Lochlanns  with  them  to  a  port  (probably  Dublin,  which 
the  Annals  represent  as  the  scene  of  this  first  battle,)  and 
cany  off  **  the  women,  the  gold,  and  all  the  property  of  the 
Lochlanns  with  them."  "  And  thus,"  says  the  historian, 
"  the  Lord  took  away  from  tliem  [i.e.  from  the  Norwegians] 
all  the  wealth  which  they  had  taken  from  the  churches, 
and  sonctuaries,  and  shrines  of  the  saints  of  Erinn." 

The  vanquished  coUect  great  forces,  and  with  seventy 
ships,*  under  their  leaders  Zain  (Stain)  and  largna,  make 
their  appearance  at  Snamh  Aîghnech  or  Carlingford,  where 
the  Danes  had  stationed  their  fleet.  The  Norwegians  or 
White  Qentiles*  are  victorious,^  ajid  the  Danes  abandon 
their  ships.     The  Danish  general,  Horm,  harangues  his 


1  Seomhf  thips .  The  Fonr  M.,  A.  D. 
860  [862],  and  Ann.  Uit.  851,  say 
160.  The  chieftains  here  called  Zain 
and  lai^gna  are  evidently  the  same 
who  are  called  Stain  and'Iercne  in  the 
Annals  of  Ulster. 

'  Victoriow.    This  seems  at  variance 
with  the  account  given  by  the  Ulster 
Annals  and  by  the  Fonr  M.    Bnt  the 
discrepancy  is  perhaps  only  apparent 
For  the  Danes  were  nltimately  victo- 
rions:  and  the  only  real  difference  is 
that  the  Annals  have  omitted  the  story 
of  their  having  been  at  first  defeated, 
and  afterwards  gaining  the  victory  by 
the  intercession  of  St.  Patrick.     This 
story  was  probably  invented  to  blacken 
the  Norwegians,  whose  depredattons 
were  especially  directed  against  the 
charches  and  religious  houses  of  Ire- 
land,  and  who  are,  therefore,  repre- 
sented  as  having  been  punished  by  an 
intervention  of  Heaven.     The  Danes 
may  have  been  vanquished  in  the  first 
engagement,  or  else  were  made  to  have 
been  vanquished  to  gîve  greater  eclat 
to  their  sab^^equent   victory   against 
superior  numbers,  "  by  the  tutelage  of 
St.  Patrick,"  although  they  had  not  at 


the  time  received  Christianity.    They 
are  represented  as  still  barbarons  and 
brutal;   supporting,  on  the  bodies  of 
the  slain,  the  spits  on  which  their  meat 
was  roasting.     Nevertheless,  the  story 
of  their  vow  to  St  Patrick  is  not,  in 
itself,  incredible.  The  doctrine  of  tute- 
lary  saints,  whose  patronage  was  espe- 
cially granted  to  certain   territfiries, 
was  so  closely  allied  to  the  pagan  notion 
of  tutelary  gods,  that  it  readily  com- 
mended  itself  to  the  heathen,  who  knew 
the  Christianity  of  that  age  only  by 
this  prominent  featore  of  it ;  and  we 
can  easily  understand  whyeccle<«iastic8, 
living  at  the  time  of  the  Reformation, 
would  naturally  suppress  the  story  of 
theDaneshavingpurchased  thepatron- 
age  of  St.  Patrick,  by  sharing  with 
lum  the  spoils  gained  by  their  victory. 
Their  general,  Horm,  Gonn,  or  Gormo, 
may  have  been  possibly  the  same  who 
was  sumamed  Enshe  or  Angheus^  he- 
caiise  he  was  bom  in  England.     This 
Gormo  was  nltimately  convcrted  to 
Christianity,  which  renders  it  the  more 
probable  that  he  may  have  suggested 
on  this  occasion  the  invocation  of  St. 
Patrick. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixv 


men  ;  representing  to  them  that  they  had  everything  to 
lose,  and  advising  them  to  put  themselves  iinder  the  pro- 
tection  of  St.  Patrick,by  promisiDg  to  the  saint  "honourable 
ahns  for  gaîning  vîctory  and  triumph"  over  enemies  who 
had  plundered  his  churches  and  outraged  all  the  saints  of 
Ireland.  This  advice  was  foUowed ;  and  in  the  next 
enga^ment,  although  with  veiy  inferior  numbers,  the 
Danes  gain  the  victory  "on  account  of  the  tutelage  of 
St.  Patrick."  The  "  treasnres  of  gold  and  silver"  in  the 
câmp  of  the  Norwegians  became  the  prize  of  the  victors, 
together  with  *'  the  other  property,  as  well  of  their  women' 
and  ehips."  Five  thousand*  "goodly  bom  men,"  with 
"  many  soldiers,  and  people  of  every  grade  in  addition  to 
this  number,"  were  slain*  in  the  engagement. 

The  arrival  of  another  fleet  în  Ciarraighe'  is  then  re-  The  county 
corded  (eh.  xx).     They  plundered  "  to  Limerick  and  Cili  ^J^7 
Ita."*     If  this  be  understood  as  including  Limerick,  this 
"  fleet"  was  probably  Danish,  for  we  know  that  Limerick 
was  aJready  in  the  possession  of  the  first  comers,  and  was 
probably  founded  by  them. 


1  Five  tkouaand,  This  seems  an  in- 
credible  number.  The  Roman  nume- 
nls  ii.  and  u,  might  easily  have  been 
confonnded. 

^Slain.  "  Fragmente  of  Annals,*"  pp. 
1  U.123.  The  historian  adds,  p.  125, 
that  the  Danes  falfilled  their  vow,  and 
after  the  victory  filled  **  a  good  wide 
trench  with  gold  and  silver  to  give  to 
Patrick ;"  for  he  adds,  the  Danes  were 
**  a  people  who  had  a  kind  of  piety, 
Le.,  they  gave  ap  meat  and  women 
a  while  for  piety.*' 

*  Ciarraiffhs.  The  tribe  name  of  the 
posterity  of  Ciar,  son  of  Fergus,  king  of 
Ulster,  by  Meadhbh  or  Mand,  queen  of 
Connanght.  There  were  several  dis- 
tricte in  Ireland,  called  Ciarraighe, 
where  branches  of  this  family  had 
settled  (see  O'Flaherty,  Offyg.,  p.  276 ,, 
but  the  principal  of  these  tribes  was 
the  Ciarraighe  Luachra,  or  Ciarraighe  | 


of  Moont  Laachair,  in  the  territory  of 
O'Conor  Kerry.  This  district  is  pro- 
bably here  intended,  not  only  becaiue 
the  name  occurs  without  any  other 
designation,  but  also  becanse  the  plăcea 
mentioned  as  having  been  plundered, 
were  all  easily  reached  from  the 
county  of  Kerry. 

*  Cili  Ita:  now  KilUfedy,  four  Irish 
miles  from  Newcastle,  co.  of  Limerick, 
the  site  of  a  once  faraous  monastery, 
dedicated  to  St.  Ita,  in  the  spot  called 
Cloain  Creadhail,  Mart,  Doncg,,  16 
Jau.,  p.  17.  The  other  plăcea  men- 
tioned are  Imleach  Ibhair,  now  £mly ; 
Caisil  of  the  Kings,  now  Cashel;  the 
eastem  Cechtraighe ;  and  Liath  Mo- 
coemhoc,  of  which  we  have  already 
spoken;  (see  p.  lix.  note  i).  Ceth- 
traighe  (Cechtraighe,  L.)  is  the  name 
of  a  tribe  now  un  know  n.  Perhaps  we 
should  read  Ciarraighe, 


Ixvi 


INTRODUCTION. 


inTaden. 


Chronoiogy  OuT  author  adds,  "  It  was  in  the  time*  of  Feidhlimidh, 
even^  son  6f  Crimthann,  that  all  these  ravages  were  perpeta^teA" 
This  remark,  although  it  occurs  in  the  ancient  fragment 
of  the  present  work  preserved  in  the  Book  of  Leinster, 
is  probably  misplaced.  The  Annals  date  the  death  of 
Feidhlimidh  847 ;  and  the  arrival  of  the  Danes,  or  the 
battie  of  Carlingford,  852,  five  years  afberwards.  There- 
fore  we  must  infer  either  that  the  above  chronological 
note  ought  to  have  been  placed  before  the  coming  of  the 
Danish  ships,  or  else  that  the  date  assigned  by  the  Annals 
to  Feidhlimidh's  death  is  erroneons.^ 
Victones  of  Having  hitherto  spoken  of  the  ravages  committed  by 
over  the  ^^^  invaders,  our  author  (chapş.  xxi.  xxii.)  next  gives  a 
list  of  the  defeats  they  had  sustşdned  from  the  native 
Irish  :  and  here  it  is  evident  that  he  makes  no  distinction 
between  the  Danes  and  other  foreigners ;  neither  can  we 
regard  his  narrative  as  containing  a  complete  enumera^ 
tion  of  these  defeats,  for  many,  of  which  he  takes  no 
notice,  are  recorded  in  the  Irish  Annals.  At  Eas-Ruaidh,' 
now  Assaroe,  near  Ballyshannon,  county  of  Donegal,  they 
were  defeated  by  the  Cinel-Conaill,  the  descendants  of 
Conall  Gulban  (son  of  Niall,  of  the  Nine  Hostages),  the 
original  possessors  of  the  district  now  called,  from  them, 
Tirconnell.  This  victory  is  dated*  838.  In  Munster  they 
were  defeated  at  Loch  Derg  Dheirc,  now  Lough  Dei^,  by 
the  Dai  Cais.*  The  Ui  Neill,  that  is,  the  southem  CNeOl, 
defeated  them  at  Ard  Brecain,  now  Ardbraccan,  county  of 
Meath.  Earl  Saxulf  ®  was  slain  by  the  O^Colgain ;  but 
the  Four  Masters  and  Annals  of  Ulster  caii  him  "  Chief- 


1  Time,  The  word  ţvetiii|*  in  the  text, 
p.  20,  has  been  trânalated  ^^reign;*" 
but  its  more  literal  signification  is 
time^  period. 

'  Errcneoiu»  See  above,  p.  xlvi., 
note  \  where  it  is  suggested,  on  other 
gToands,  that  the  date  assigned  to 
Feidhtimidh^s  death  by  our  Annals  is 
really  the  date  of  his  monastic  pro* 
fession. 

^JSas  Buiddk;  properly  Eas  Aedha 


Ruaidh,  the  watetfall  of  Aedh  the  red. 
See  Faur  MatU,  A.M.  4518. 

^Dated,  Four  Mast.  886,  =A.D. 
838. 

«  Dai  Cais,  pron.  Dai  Cask,  the  de- 
scendants of  Cas  Mac  TaiL  See  Geit, 
Table  IIL,  No.  8,  p,  247,  and  O'FUh. 
Ogyg-,  p.  386.  This  victory  is  not 
recorded  in  the  Annals. 

^Earl  Saxuff,  The  ancient  MS. 
Ureads^EarlRalph.** 


INTRODUCTIOX. 


Ixvii 


iiin  of  the  Gaill,"  and  teii  us  that  he  was  slain  by  the 
Cianachta,  meaning  the  Cianachta  Bregh,  a  tribe'  de- 
scended  from  Cian,  son  of  OilioU  Olum,  king  of  Munster, 
and  seated  in  Bregia,  north  of  Dublin,  where  they  occu- 
pied  a  district  extending  from  the  baronies  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Duleek  to  the  Liffey.  The  death  of  Saxulf  is  dated 
by  the  Annalists'*  in  the  iifth  year  of  Niall  Oailne,  or  838. 

The  next  defeat  nientioned  is  the  battle  of  Sciath  Battie  of 
Nechtain,  after  an  interval  of  ten  years^  from  the  death  Sciath 
of  Saxulf  The  leaders  of  the  Irish  forces  were  Olchobhar, 
king  of  Munster,  and  Lorcan,  son  of  Cellach,  king  of 
Leinster.  In  this  battle  1,200  of  the  Lochlainn  chieftains 
or  nobles  were  slain,  together^with  the  heir  apparent  or 
tanisty  that  is  (secoiid,  or  next  in  succession  to  the  throne,) 
of  the  king  of  Lochlainn.  The  Four  Masters  teii  us  that 
thLs    ehieftain's    name   was    Tomrair,*   which    in    other 


1  A  irîbe.  Soe  O'Flaherty,  Ogtfff,  p. 
332.  TheUiColgan,orO'Colgan,aeem 
to  have  been  a  branch  of  the  Cianachta 
Bcated  on  the  banlu  of  the  Liffey. 
There  i^  therefore,  no  contradiction. 

*AHnaliMts.  Ann.  Uit.  and  Four 
M.  836,  ==838.  The  Dublin  AnnaU 
of  Inisfallen  record  the  erent  thud: 
''837.  Six  score  men  of  the  Loch- 
lanns  were  killed  by  the  men  of  Bregia, 
and  their  chief,  Saxulf,  was  slain  by 
Cinaodh,  son  of  Conali,  and  by  the 
Connaughtmen.'*  This  should  be  Cin- 
aodh,son  of  Conamgj  who  was  chief  tain 
of  the  Cianachta  Breagh  at  the  time. 
The  mention  of  Connaughtmen  seems  a 
mistake  of  the  compilers  of  thesc  Annals. 
For  Coaachta  we  should  read  Cianachta, 

s  Ten  y€ar§.  In  the  second  year  of 
Haelscachlainn  I.  Fwr  Af.  846;  Uit. 
847,  =848.  Sciath  Nechtain  (^Scutvm 
NtAtani)  was  a  place  near  Castle- 
dermot,  connty  of  Kildare. 

*  Tomrair,  The  name  Tomrair  is, 
perhaps,  the  Scandinavian  Thormodr 
[Thor^s  man,]  which  was  a  common 
oame  in  Iceland.  The  Tomrair  or 
Tomar  here  mentioned  is  spoken  of 
as  a  Norwegian.     But  a  Danish  chief- 


tain  of  the  same  name  afterwards  be- 
came  celebrated  at  Dublin,  and  indeed 
Tomar  or  Thormodr  seeins  to  have 
becorae  a  sort  of  common  title  given  by 
the  Irish  to  all  the  kings  of  Dublin, 
who  are  called  "  chieftains  of  Tomar," 
Book  of  Jiif/kts,,  p.  40;  the  king  of 
Dublin  is  called  "Torc  Tomar,"  Le. 
*'Princ^  Tomar,"  ib.  p.  207.  In  Dr. 
O'Donovan's  Jntrod.  to  J5.  ofJHffhta^  p. 
XXX  vi.  teq.y  and  Four  J/.,  A.D.  846,  p. 
475,  n.,  we  read  of  the  ring  of  Tomar 
aiul  the  sword  of  Carlus  [son  of  Amlaff, 
Four  M.  866,]  which  were  carried  off 
from  Dublin  by  King  Malachy  II.,  in 
994  (Four  M.)  The  ring  was,  no 
doubt,  one  of  those  deemed  sacred  by 
the  Northmen,  and  upon  which  oaths 
were  sworn — Anglo  Sax.  Chron.^  A.D. 
876.  It  is  possible  (as  Mr.  Haliday 
has  suggested)  that  the  splendid  gold 
ring,  with  a  smaller  one  running 
upon  it,  now  in  the  Museum  of  the 
Royal  Irish  Academy,  is  the  identical 
ring  of  Tomar — the  '*holy  ring"  of  the 
Scandinavian  kings  of  Dublin.  There 
was  a  wood,  called  Toraar's  wood,  bc- 
tween  Clontarf  and  Dublin.  Sec  pp. 
I  197,  199,  of  the  pn'sc<nt  volume. 

•e3 


Ixviii 


TNTRODUCTION. 


Minor 
yictories. 


authorities  is  also  written  Tomlirar,  Tomhar,  or  Ternar. 
King  OlelioLhar  soon  aftenvards  demolished  Tulach-na- 
ricflina/  which  seems  to  have  beeii  a  fortress  or  settlement 
of  tlie  enemy,  and  tliey  wero  all  ultimately  cut  off  by  the 
men  of  Letli  Moo:ha,  or  of  ^I  mister. 

The  otlier  victorios  recorded  inay  be  more  briefly  noticed. 
Tliey  are,  the  battle  of  Ciiislen-^^diimi  or  Caisglinne,*  under 
Maelsechlaiiin,  king  of  Irehuid,  in  whicli  700  were  slain. 
The  battle  of  Daire-Disiurt-Dacliunna,^  by  Tigheniach,  lord 
of  Loch  Gabhair,*  when  500  of  the  enemy  fell.  The  battle 
of  Dun-Maeltuli,  in  which  their  loss  was  twelve  score, 
under  Olchobhar,  king  of  Minister,  and  the  Eoghanachts* 
of  Cashel.  Tliree  hundred  and  sixty-eight  of  the  Danes, 
it  is  not  said  where,  were  slain  by  the  White  Gentiles  or 
Norwegians.^  Perlia})s  this  inay  have  been  the  resnlt  of 
the  conflict  between  the  seven  score  sliips  of  the  Danes 
that  arrived  about   tliis   time,   *'  to  contend  with   the 


1  Tulach-na-Riglina.  Tulacli-na- 
reena,  "hill  of  the  Queens;"  a  placo 
not  now  known,  uiiless  it  be  the  hill 
now  called  Knocknarce,  near  Castle- 
dermot. 

«  Caisgîinne,  So  read  the  MS.  B., 
and  Keating.  Compare  also  Battle 
of  Magli-rath^  p.  349.  Caislen-glinne 
signifies  Glen-Castle ;  there  are  sevcral 
places  of  the  nanie :  this  one  was  prob- 
ably  somewhcrc  in  Meath,  within  the 
tcrritory  of  the  Clann  Colmain.  Per- 
haps  this  is  the  same  battle  which  the 
Four  M.,  846,  and  Ann.  Uit.,  847, 
mention  as  having  been  fought  at 
Forach,  (now  Farragh,  near  Skrecn, 
county  of  Meath,)  in  which  700  «cere 
tilain.  Sec  O'Donovan's  note,  Fcnir 
M.,  L  c» 

■  Daire-Disiurt-DacJionna.  The 
oak  wood  of  Disiurt-Dachonna,  the 
wilderness  of  St  Dachonna,  or  St. 
Conna.  This  place  was  in  Ulstcr 
(Jdart  Doneg,,  12  April,  p.  101),  but 
Dr.  O'Donovan  had  not  identified  it. 
Four  M.,  846,  note. 


^Loch  Gabhaîr.  Now  Lough  Gower 
or  Logore,  near  Dunshaughlin,  county 
of  Meath.  The  Four  M.  say  that 
twelve  score  fcU  in  this  battle,  which 
is  also  the  rejidiiig  of  B.  The  Ann. 
Uit.  read  1200.  The  numbers  of 
slain  in  thiâ  and  the  next  battle  have 
eviilently  bceu  transposed.  See  the 
various  readings,  p.  21,  notes. 

*  Eofjhanachts.  Sec  Table  IV.,  p. 
248,  Duu  Maeltuli,  "the  fort  of  Mad- 
tiili"  is  ])robably  in  the  county  of 
Tii)perary,  but  ita  exact  site  is  now 
un  known. 

^  Noricegians,  B.  reads  "  by  the 
Ui  Fidbghente,"  a  tribe  settled  in  the 
county  of  Liraerick;  (see  Gen.  Table 
V.,  p.  248,  Xo.  6,  and  Book  of  Rights, 
p.  G7,  «. )  But  this  readmg  is  not  pro- 
bablc,  although  Keating  foUows  it. 
Ui-vi'^Senre  and  pn-o  ^ence  might 
easily  be  confounded.  There  are  also 
couiiiderable  variations  in  the  MSS.  as 
to  the  numbcr  of  the  slain.  See  du 
xxii.,  p.  21,  n.  14. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixix 


foreigners  that  were  in  Ireland  before  them,"  and  as  the 
Four  Masters  and  Ulster  Annals  teii  us  "  disturbed  Ire- 
land between  them."*  At  Inis-Finmic,  now  Inch,  near 
Balrothery,  county  of  Dublin,  200  were  slain  by  the 
Cianachta,  meaning  evidently  the  Cianachta  Breagh,  in 
whose  territory  Inch  was  sîtuated.  The  same  tribe,  în 
a  month  afierwards,  gained  another  victory,  in  which 
they  slew  300  of  the  enemy  at  Rath-Alton,  or  Rath- 
Aldaîn,  now  Rathallan,  near  Duleek,  in  the  same  territory.^ 
This  catalogue  of  victories  is  concluded  by  the  battle  of 
Rathcommair^  gained  by  King  Maelseachlinn,  and 
another  gained  by  the  Ciarriaghe  Luachra,  or  people  of 
Kerry,  the  exact  site  of  which  is  not  recorded. 

The  coming  of  Amlaibh,  (Amlaff  or  Olaf,)  "  son  of  the  ArriTai  of 
king  of  Lochlainn/*  is  the  next  event  chronicled  by  our  oui^^  ^' 
author.     The  arrival  of  this  chieftain  is  dated  ten  years 
before*  the  death  of  Maelseachlainn  or  Malachy  I.,  king 
of  Ireland,  and  therefore  in  the  year  853. 

This  was,  beyond  all  doubt,  the  Amlaff,  or  Olaf  Huita 


1  Bettoeen  them,  Foar  M.,  847. 
Ann.  Uit,  848,  reaUy  849. 

«  Tem'tory.  The  Four  Maştera 
make  no  mention  of  Inis-finmic,  bat 
record  a  sUoghter  of  the  foreignera  in 
the  East  of  Breagh,  and  in  the  same 
month,  the  battle  of  Rath-Aldain,  at 
850 [=852].  OftheCianachtaBreagh 
we  have  already  spoken,  see  p.  Ixvii. 

•  Baikcommair.  The  word  Corn- 
mar  or  Cumar  signifies  the  meeting  of 
two  or  more  rivers ;  and  the  Rathcom- 
mair  here  mentioned  was  probably  a 
Fort  at  the  conânence  of  the  Boyne 
with  aome  four  or  five  small  rivers  at 
Claain-Iraird,  now  Clonard,  county  of 
Meath.  There  is  a  Cumar-tri-nuitct 
(meeting  of  three  waters)  near  Water- 
ford  (Four  M.,  at  856) ;  but  it  is  more 
likdy  that  the  battle  gained  by  Mael- 
sechlainn  was  in  hls  own  territory. 

^  Befort,   In  the  text  (chap.  xxiii.) 
we  have  translated  *^  ten  years  after^^ 


the  death  of  Malachy :  but  the  annals» 
Keating,  and  other  authorities  all  seem 
to  have  read,  or  at  least  to  have  un- 
dentood,  as  in  the  MS.  L.,  |ie  nec» 
htfcrt  the  death  of  Malachy,  Instead  of 
ain  nec,  the  readiug  of  B.  after  hia 
death.  It  is  probable  that  aţi,  in  our 
author's  dialect  of  Irish  really  did 
signify  6e/ore.  If  so,  the  Editor  In 
translating  it  afier  (assuming  afi  to 
have  be^n  put  for  lati),  was  under  a 
mistake.  See  note  ^,  p.  22.  The 
Four  Mast  date  King  Malachy's  death 
860,  but  as  they  teii  us  that  he  died 
on  Tuesdajfy  Nov.  80,  the  Sunday  letter 
of  the  year  must  have  been  C,  which 
shows  that  the  true  year  was  868. 

If  we  adhere  to  the  tranalation 
after,  Olaf  did  not  arrive  until  873, 
and  his  exploits  are  dated  in  our 
annals  twenty  years  too  soon.  This 
no  doubt  would  diminjub  sume  chrono- 
logical  difficultiea. 


Ixx 


INTRODUCTION. 


His 

exploita. 


(the  white),  of  Scandinavian  history,  who  was  usually 
styled  king  of  Dublin/  and  was  the  leader  of  the  North- 
men  in  Ireland  for  many  years.  His  exploits  on  his  first 
arrival  in  Ireland  are  thus  described  :*  The  drowning  of 
Conchobhar,'  son  of  Donnchadh.  The  overthrow  of  the 
Deisi  at  Cluain-Daimh,*  where  all  the  chiefbains  of  the 
Deisi  were  slain.      The  slaughter  of  the  son  of  Cenn- 


1  Dublin.  The  Landnamabok  (p. 
106),  gives  the  following  accouut  of 
this  chiefUîn:  "Olaf  the  White 
[Oleîfr  hmn  Hvite]  waa  the  Piratfe- 
King  [Herkongr]  who  was  the  son  of 
Khig  Ingialld,  son  of  Helga,  son  of 
Olaf,  son  of  Gudraud,  son  of  Halfdian 
Whitefoot  [Hvitbein],  King  of  L> 
land.  Olaf  the  White  went  as  a 
pirate  westwards,  and  seized  Dublin 
in  Ireland,  and  the  Dnblin-shire  [oc 
vann  Dyflina  â  Irlandi  oc  Dyflinnar- 
akiri]  where  he  was  made  King/*  The 
name  is  written  Atnhlaibh^  Anlaffl 
Onia/f  Olaf  or  Olave,  Awky^  Aulif. 
Thora,  grandmother  of  Olaf  the 
White,  was  the  daughter  of  Sigord 
Orm  i  augr  [seqKînt  eye],  son  of  Reg- 
nar  Lodbrok.  The  polygamy  of  the 
pagan  Scandinavians,  their  very  early 
Diarriages,  and  the  early  age  at  which 
they  went  forth  to  seek  their  fortunes 
in  piratical  advcntures,  may  have 
reduced  the  length  of  a  gcncration. 
Bat  the  reduction  should  be  consider- 
able  to  render  it  possible,  assuming 
Lodbrok  to  have  been  slain  in  845, 
for  his  8on*s  great-grandson  to  be  the 
leader  of  a  piratical  invasion  of  Ire- 
land in  853.  Supposing  the  average 
generation  to  be  20  years,  Regnar  Lod- 
brok wonld  have  been  80  years  of  age 
at  the  birth  of  Olaf  the  White. 

*  Described.    Chap.  xxiii.,  p.  23. 

*  Condiobhair.  He  is  called  in  the 
text  "  heir  apparent  of  Tara,"  mean- 
ing  not  heir  apparent  to  the  throne  of 
Ireland,  bnt  only  to  the  chieftainship 
of  the  Clann   Colmain,   or  of   East 


Meath.  The  Fonr  Hast.  (862=864) 
caii  him  ''the  second  lord  that  was 
over  Meath;'*  and  the  Annals  of 
Ulster  (863=864)  "half  King  of 
Meath."  This  aUndes  to  the  parti- 
tion  of  Meath  into  two  kingdoms  by 
Aedh  Oimidhe  in  802  (797  of  the  Four 
M.),  to  which  Conchobhar,  son  of 
Donnchadh  (afterwards  King  of  Ire- 
land) and  his  brother  Ailill  were 
appointed.  KingAedh's  object  evi- 
dently  was  to  strengthen  himself  by 
weakening  the  power  of  the  Clann 
Colmain  in  Meath.  At  the  time  bere 
spoken  of.  Lorcan,  son  of  Cathal,  was 
lord  of  one  half  of  Meath,  and  Con- 
chobhar of  the  other.  Lorcan  was 
blinded  by  Aedh  Finnliath,  still  jealoua 
of  the  Meath  chieftains,  and  Con- 
chobhar was  drowned,  as  the  Four 
M.  teii  ns,  at  Cluain-Iraird  (now 
Clonard)  by  Amlaff,  lord  of  the  GailL 
This  Conchobhar  was  probably  a 
grandson  of  King  Conchobhar.  He 
is  caUed  **  snn  of  Donnchadh  *'  in  the 
text,  and  also  by  the  Four  M.,  the 
Ann.  of  Uit.,  and  the  Brusseirs  Frag- 
ments  (p.  157),  as  well  as  by  Keating 
(reign  of  Aedh  Finnliath).  We  must, 
therefure,  reject  the  reading  of 
O'Clery's  MS.  of  the  present  work 
where  he  is  called  "Son  of  Cineadh.** 
See  Gen.  Table  II.,  p.  246. 

^  Cluain-Dcumh.  This  place  is  now 
unknown.  The  word  signîfies  "  Plain 
or  Lawn  of  the  Deer  or  Oxen."  The 
Deisi  Bregh,  whose  territory  is  Kpie- 
sented  by  the  two  baronies  of  Deece, 
county  of  Meath,  are  probably  tntended . 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxi 


fae]adh,^  kîng  of  Muscraighe  Breoghain,  and  the  smother- 
ing  of  Muchdaigliren,  son  of  Bechtabrat,  in  a  cave.  The 
destruction  of  Caitill  Find,*  (KetiU  the  Whîte)  and  his: 
whole  garrison.  Thîs-  latter  chieftaîn,  judgîng  by  hîs 
name,  was  prpbably  a  Norseman ;  but  some  authorities  caii 
him  Cathal ;  and  we  leam  from  the  Ânnals  of  Ulster  that 
his  followers  were  the  Gaill-Gaedhil,  or  apostate  Irish.  We 
are  told  also  that  the  battle  was  in  the  districts  of  Miinster ; 
but  no  other  clue  is  given  to  the  position  of  the  fortress 
of  Qaill-Gaedhil  to  which  this  garrison  belonged,  which  is 
not  noticed  in  the  Four  Masters.  His  "  destruction"  in 
the  Ulster  Annals  is  dated  856,  equivalent  to  857. 

The  death  of  Maelgualai,  son  of  Dungaile,  king  ofDeathof 
Hunster,  his  back  being  broken  by  a  stone,  is  the  next  MaciguaUi, 
exploit  of  the  Danes  recorded  by  our  author.     Its  date'  Munater. 
is  859.    The  next  clause  is  obscuje — "  they  were  all  killed 
by  the  men  of  Munster :"  this  seems  to  mean  that  the 
men  of  Munster,  in  other  words  the  army  of  the  king 
of  Munster,  notwithstanding  the  loss  of  its  sovereign, 
gained  a  complete  victory  over  the  enemy ;  but  are  Ona, 
Scolph,  and  Tomar  (see  p.  23),  the  chieftains  whose  troops 
were  cut  off  ?  Or  are  they  Scandinavian  leaders  fighting  on 


A  CeMifadaSh,  This  paasage  is  io 
corrupt  that  it  is  difficult  to  gnes»  at 
the  original  reading,  especiaUy  as  the 
Annals  make  no  mention  of  these 
events.  The  son  of  Cennfaeladh  is 
not  named.  See  the  various  readîngs, 
note  ^,  p.  22.  For  an  account  of  the 
districts  called  Mosc-raighe  or  Mus- 
keny,  see  O'Donovan,  Book  ofRighis^ 
p.  42,  fi.  (TFlaherty,  Ogyg.,  p.  322. 
Muscraighe  Breoghain  was  a  part  of 
the  present  barony  of  Clanwilliam, 
coonty  of  Tipperary. 

>  CaitiU  FintL  Ware  calls  him 
Cathaldas  albuş;  Antiq.  p.  128,  Ed, 
2da.,  and  Catlial  Finn  is  the  reading 
of  B.  That  name  would  be  Irish; 
or  an  Irish  spelling  of  the  Norse  name 
KeiilL    The  Dnblin  Ann.  of  Inisfallen 


(857)  caii.  him  Carton,  or  Carthan 
Finn^  a  name  which  looks  like  the 
Scandinavian  Kiartan.  Dr.  O'Conor 
(iăiifi.  Uit),  althongh  his  text  reads 
CaitHlJmd,  translates  **de  Cathaldo 
albo."  In  his  edition  of  the  Dublin 
Ann.  Inisf.  he  omits  the  years  856, 
857,  859,  and  part  of  860.  Mr. 
Robertson  has  snggested  that  the 
Caitill  Finn  here  mentioned  may 
hare  been  the  KetiU  Flatnef  (Flat- 
nose),  of  Scandinavian  history.  Scoţ- 
iană under  her  earlg  King»^  p.  44.  But 
Caitill  Finn  is  said  by  our  author  to 
have  been  JciUed  on  this  occasion,  857, 
a  f  act  that  cannot  be  reconciled  with 
the  history  of  Ketill  Flatnose. 

»  Date,    Four  M.,  857.     Uit,  858 
really,  859. 


Ixxii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Arriyal  of 
Oisill  or 
OiflU. 


His  defeat 
and  death. 


the  side  of  the  Munster  army,  and  therefore  sharers  in 
the  victory*  ?  The  fragment  of  this  work  in  the  Book  of 
Leinster  adds  the  name  of  Turgesîus  to  the  other  three — 
which,  if  it  be  not  a  mistake,  must  intend  a  different 
Turgesius  from  the  celebrated  usurper  of  the  See  of  Ar- 
magh.  The  whole  of  this  passage,  however,  is  evidently 
comipt.» 

We  read  next  of  the  arrival  of  a  chieftaîn*  whose  name 
in  MSS.  of  the  present  work  is  written  Ossill,  and  Oisli, 
the  true  Scandinavian  name  having  perhaps  been  Osaur, 
or  possibly  Flo»i,  as  other  spellings  of  the  name  such  as 
Uailsi  or  Vailsi,  lead  us  to  conjeeture.  He  is  styled  by 
our  author  "  son  of  the  king  of  Lochlann/*  but  he  can 
scarcely  be  the  same  as  the  chieftain  whose  exploits, 
under  the  name  of  Auisli  or  Uailsi,  are  narrated  by  the 
Annals  of  Ulster  and  the  Four  Masters.  For  the  Ossill 
of  our  author  is  represented  as  having  fallen  in  a  battle 
with  the  Irish  in  Munster,  ^hereas  the  Uailsi  of  the 
Annals  was  şlain  by  his  own  brethren.* 

Ossill,  we  are  told,  succeeded  in  plundering  "the  greater 
part  of  Ireland."  How  long  a  time  this  occupied  is  not 
recorded  ;  but  his  army  was  cut  off  with  a  loss  of  five  hun- 
dred  men,*^  and  he  himself  slain  "  by  the  men  of  Erinn"  in 
Munster.     Some  MSS.  attribute  this  victoiy  to  the  "men 


1  VicUny.  The  reading  of  L.  (see 
note  *,  p.  28)  favoun  the  former  of 
theae  interpretations. 

*  Corrupt.  B.  omits  the  names  of 
the  Scandinavian  leaders  altogether: 
and  the  words  of  the  text,  ceotia  yc, 
**  one  hundred  and  three,"  are  obscure. 
The  contraction,  7c.,  "et  cetera,"  wa» 
probably  mistaken  for  **et  c.**  i.e. 
*'and  one  hundred,*'  and  ceop,a, 
"  three,**  was  made  Tur^eis. 

*  Chieftain.  Chap.  xxiv.  See  note 
w,  p.  23. 

*  Brtthrem.  "Auisle  tertins  rex 
gentilium  (the  other  two  being  Olaf 


and  Ivar)  dolo  et  parricidio  a  f  ratribus 
suiş  jugulatus  est,'*  UU.  866.  From 
this  hint  the  Brussels  Annals  make 
Amlaff,  Imhar,  and  Oisle  to  be  three 
brothers,  and  give  a  minute  account 
of  the  murder  of  the  last  FragmmU 
of  AnnaU,  p.  171.  In  another  place 
(see  p.  33)  our  author  recorda  the 
mnrder  by  Amlaibh,  of  his  own 
brother,  who  is  there  called  Otill. 
There  appear,  therefore,  to  have  been 
two  of  the  name. 

•  Fiv€  hundred  men.     The  MS.  L. 
omits  the  number  of  slain. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxiîi 


of  Munster/'  înstead  of  to  the  men  of  Erinn,  the  diatinc» 
tion  being  that  the  former  phrase  denotes  the  clansmen 
or  troops  under  the  command  of  the  provincial  king  of 
Mimster,  and  the  latter  the  troops  of  the  ArdrRi,  or  chief 
king  of  Ireland. 

Althongh  our  author  in  this  place  has  given  us  noDestmc- 
means  of  ascertaining  the  exact  date  of  this  event,  which  Ji^JL^Inn 
is  not  noticed  in  the  Annals,  he  assumes  it  to  be  well  at  Kin- 
known.  and  goea  on  to  teU  UB  that  in  the  ^e  year^'^^- 
another  chieftain,  whom  he  calls  Colphinn,^  with  the  fleet 
of  Dun-Medhoin,  was  destroyed  at  Cenn  Curraig.    The 
Irish  p«reued  them,  with  slaughter,»  trom  Cenn  Cuiraig 
to  Lismore,  and  many  of  them  were  killed  by  Rechtabrat»' 
son  of  Bran,  chiefbain  of  the  Deisi,  whose  territoiy  is  repre- 
sented  by  the  districts  now  called  Decies,  in  the  county 
of  Waterford.    A  reference  to  this  victoiy  in  another  place 
(see  eh.  xxix.)  enables  us  to  assign  it  to  the  year  869. 

The  Earl  Baethbarr  or  Badbarr  (probably  Bod/vaT)^  who  Death  of 
escaped  from  this  slaughter  with  many  foUowers,  reached  ^?*? 
Dublin  in  safety,  but  was  there  soon  afterwards  drowned,  andTomar. 
''through  the  mirades  of  Ciaran  and  Aedh  Scannail,"^ 
whose  monasteries  or  religious  houses  he  had  besieged* 
No  notice  of  this  chieftain  occurs  in  the  Annals.    In  the 
same  year^  Earl  Tomar  was  killed,  and  his  death  is  attri- 

nail  is  mentioned  in  the  BCartyroIogy 
of  Donegal,  or  elsewhere  so  far  as  the 
Editor  knows.  The  MS.  B.  reads 
**  Ciaran  and  Aedh  and  SgandalL** 
If  we  f oUow  this  reading  the  chorchea 
intended  are  probably  those  of  St 
Kieran,  of  CIonmacnoiB ;  of  St  Aedh, 
or  Moedhog  [Mogne]  of  Fems;  and 
of  St  Scannall  of  Aghaboe,  who  died 
774  (=780)  Four  M. 

0  Same  year.  It  is  difficnlt  to  gire 
mnch  weight  to  these  chronological 
notes :  for  in  this  case  Tomar  or  Tom- 
rair  is  said  by  the  Fonr  Masten  to 
hare  been  slain  in  the  batUe  of  Sdath 
Nechtain,  A.D.  847.  See  p.  21,  and 
p.  IxviL  aboye. 

/ 


^  CbljpAtim.  Not  mentioned  in  the 
A«Ti*i>-  The  tnie  name  was  probably 
Kotbein.  Dnnmedhon  (Middle-fort) 
is  now  miknown.  Cenn  Curraigi  now 
Kincuny,  is  a  small  village  on  the 
banlcB  of  the  Snir,  not  far  from  Clon- 
mei,  bat  in  the  ooonty  of  Waterford. 

^Sla^Uer.  The  literal  transla- 
tion  b  *^They  were  in  their  being 
slangfatered  from  Cenn  Curraig  to 
Lismore.** 

^RedOabrat,  The  death  of  this 
diieftain  is  reoorded  by  the  Fonr  H. 
ftt  874=876. 

*  ScatmaiL  Ciaran  was,  of  conrse, 
the  celebnited  St  Kiaran  of  Clonmac- 
noia:  bnt  no  saint  named  Aedh  Scan- 


hcxiv 


INTRODUCnON. 


Battle  of 

Loch 

Foyle. 


Baraîd 

with  the 

Dublin 

garrÎBon 

plunden 

{rom 

Leinster 

toKeny. 


Emlyand 

Dedes 

plnndered. 


buted  to  the  vengeanoe  of  St.  Brendan,  whose  chnrdi  at 
Clonfert  he  had  plimdered  three  days  befora 

"In  that  year"  also,  our  author  says,  the  vîctoiy  of 
Aedh  Fitmliath,  king  of  Ireland,  was  gained  over  the 
Danes  at  Lough  Foyle :  but  this  battle  is  dated  by  the 
Four  Maştera  864,  whîch  is  8«7  of  O'Flahert/s  corrected 
Chronology,  and  therefore  not  the  year  to  which  the 
same  Annalists  have  assigned  the  battle  of  Sciath  Nech- 
tain. 

We  next  read  of  a  Scandinavian  chieftain  named  Baraid 
or  Barith,  (possibly  Bdrd/r),  who,  "with  Amlaibh's  son, 
and  the  fleet  of  Ath-Cliath»"  meaning  the  Scandinavian 
garrison  of  Dublin,  plundered  Leinster  and  Munster  until 
they  reached  Ciarraighe,  the  present  oounty  of  Eerry.' 
"  And  they  left  not,"  says  our  author,  ''  a  cave  under  ground 
that  they  did  not  explore ;  and  they  left  nothing  from 
Limerick  to  Cork  that  they  did  not  ravage."  The  Annals* 
speak  of  a  plundering  of  the  caves.in  the  territory^  of 
Flann,  son  of  Conang,  king  of  Bregia  in  Meath,  under 
"  the  three  chieftains  of  the  foreignera,"  Amlaibh,  Imhar, 
and  Uisli,  with  Lorcan,  son  of  Cathal,  king  of  Meath. 
But  our  author  here  speaks  of  the  plunder  of  the  sepul- 
chral  caves  by  the  army  under  the  oommand  of  Baraid  and 
Amlaibh's  son,^  in  their  expedition  from  Leinster  to  Eerry 
and  fix>m  Limerick  to  Cork ;  we  may  therefore  infer  that 
these  caves  contained  treasures  of  gold  and  silver  buried 
with  the  dead,  of  which  the  Northmen  had  discovered 
the  intrinsic  value,  and  therefore  made  it  a  practice  to 
plunder  such  monuments  wherever  they  found  them. 

On  this  expedition  the  ecclesiastical  establishment  of 
Imleach  Ibhair  (now  Emly)  was  bumed,  and  the  southem 
Deisi,  now  Decies  in  the  county  of  Waterford,  ravaged. 


1  Kerrp,  Ch.  zxv.,ţk.  25.  So  the 
MS.  B.  interpreta,  by  readlng  dar- 
raiffhe  Luachra,    See  abOTe,  p.  Ixr.,  n, 

*Afmak.   Uit,  862.   Fovr  Bf.,  861. 

s  TmrUary,  See  Dr.  O'Donoran's 
note,  Fonr  Miat  861,  p.  496b 


<  AmktSth'i  fon.  He  is  not  mmed. 
Perhaps  he  may  have  been  Thotsteia 
the  Bed,  aon  of  Olaf  the  White.  The 
death  of  Carhia,  who  ia  caUed  aon  of 
Amlaibh.  ia  noorded  by  the  Fonr  M. 
at  866=668. 


INTBODUCTION. 


Ixxv 


Two  years  before,'  the  same  party  had  plundered  Meath 
and  Coniiaught,  as  fiur  as  Corcumraadh,  (now  Corcomroe, 
oomity  of  Clare,)  and  Leim  Concollain,'  or  Loophead :  but 
they  were  nltimately  killed  by  "  the  men  of  Erinn." 

The  foreigners,  nnder  the  command  of  Ragnall's  son,^ 
were  slaughtered  by  Aedh  Finnliath,  king  of  Ireland,  at  a 
bttnquet  given  to  tbeir  chieftaki  at  Dublin.  This  seems  to 
imply  that  treachery  was  employed:  but,  on  this  occasion, 
Bagnall's  son  escaped,  for  he  was  slain,  as  our  author  tells 
us  (p.  27),  in  a  battle  which  took  plaoe  soon  alterwards 
between  the  Fair  Qentiles  and  the  Black  OentUes,  the 
fonner  being  apparently  under  tl^  command  of  Barith, 
who  was  wounded  in  ti»  engagement^  and  is  probably  the 
same  who  was  called  Baraid  just  before.  The  MS.  L.  adds 
that  Barith  was  lame  ever  after  from  this  wound,  and 
that  the  Black  QentUes  ''  after  this/'  meaning  apparently 
in  oonsequence  of  Barith's  victory,  were  driven  out  of 
Ireland,  and  went  to  Alba,  or  Scotland,  where  they  gained 
a  battle  over  the  men  of  Alba,  in  which  Constantine,  son 
of  Cinaedh,  or  Kenneth,  was  slain,  and  many  others  with 
him.    This  eyent  must  be  dated^  A.D.  877.    The  editor 


The 

foreigners 
flUnghtered 
by  Aedh 
Finnliath. 


The  Black 
Geotiles 
take  ref  aga 
in  Scot- 
land,  A.D. 
877. 


1  Bifare,  TUs  citronological  note 
is  omitted  in  tlie  Book  of  LeinAter. 

•  X>eM  ConaftvOoM.  "TheLeapof 
Codnillaii.''  The  modem  nune  Ldop- 
AMd;  is  ft  eorraption  of /;«4»-A«idL  It 
is  callsd  JotâMnp,  **  mare's  Isap,*'  in 
thtt  I^aânamabok,  pb  5. 

•BagMUFsaotk  Signrd-Serpent-eye 
m  csUed  Bagnirald,  or  Begnsld,  on  the 
•nilMn^  of  Begn.  2j)dbr,  Soffo,  Lan- 
gebek  II.,  p.  272,  n.  >;  and  hy  Sazo 
6i«Diaiatieiis  (fib.  ix.,  p.  460),  who 
wmDl&ODă  Segmald,  Witatn  [or  Hyit- 
■erk]  and  Brio,  se  the  ihzee  sont  of 
BegBsr  Lodhrok  by  Snanloag  [same 
M  Asioga]  dr.  of  Sigvrd  Fofnisban. 
Langebok,  hamfmt  Qoc  eU,)y  seems 
to  hK9€  been  ol  opinion  that  Regnald 
k  to  be  distingvishod  from  Sigud, 
«iio,  besayi,  wns  thsflfth  andyonng- 


est  of  Ragnar  Lodbrok's  sons  by  As- 
ioga— **  Itaqne  Sigordus  Angaioculas 
qnintos  foit  fiUns,  et  ceteris  fratribus 
junior."  See  p.  IyI,  âtgmu,  n.  <• 

^DaUd»  Ann.Ult876;0'Flaherty, 
Ogs/g^t  p.  485.  Bobertson's  ScoUand 
iMiîerAerear^jrin^t,!.  p.48)4i.  The 
Amn.  UU.  haTO  the  foUowing  record 
of  this  battle  nnder  their  year  874, 
**  Congressio  Plctonim  fii  Dvhgdtta 
et  strsges  magna  Pictorom  facta  est 
Oistin  mac  Amlalph  regis  Norddman- 
nomm  ab  Albann  per  dolom  ocdsus 
est*'  *'  A  battle  of  the  Picts  with  the 
Uadk  foreigneri,  anda  great  slanghter 
was  made  of  the  Pksts.  Oistin  [Eys- 
tân  or  Thorstein],  son  of  Amlaf,  king 
of  the  Northmen,  was  treacherondy 
kiUed  by  the  men  of  Alba.**  In  the 
next  year  we  lead  ^^Constantinns  mac 

/2 


Ixxvi 


INTRODUCTION. 


drciter.) 


has  not  found  elsewhere  any  notice  of  the  miraculous 

bursting  open  of  the  earth  iinder  the  men  of  Alba,  which 

is  said  to  have  occurred  on  this  occasion. 

The  forty        A  period  of  "  rest  to  the  meu  of  Erinn,**  we  are  told,* 

(A.D.  a75  followed  this  expulsion  of  the  invaders,  and  their  vîctory 

to  916,       îjx  Scotland.     For  upwards  of  forty  years,  counted  back 

from  the  year  before  the  death  of  Flaim  Sionna,^  I^g  of 

Ireland,  and  the  accession  of  his  successor,  Kiall  Glundubh, 

the  country  is  said  to  have  remained  « without  ravage  from 

the  foreîgners ;"  and  the  annals  undoubtedly  support  this 

assertion.    During  this  period  of  forty  years  we  read  of  no 

new  airi  vals  of  the  Scandinavian  invaders.  The  settlements 

already  made  in  Ireland  at  Dublin,  Limerick,  Lough  Foyle, 

and  elsewhere,  continued ;  churches  were  oocasionally^ 


Cinaedha,  rex  Pictoram  [moritnr]  i" 
which  seenu  as  if  the  Annalist  did 
not  snppose  him  to  hare  f allen  in  the 
battle.  The  Chron.  Pictoram  (Pink- 
ertwCs  Enquiry^  I.  p.  495,)  makes 
Constantine  the  victor,  and  says  that 
Amlaibh  (read  son  of  Amlaibh?)  was 
slain.  The  Landnamabok,  p.  107, 
tells  va  distinctly  that  Olaf  the  White 
was  slain  in  Ireland ;  but  the  date  of 
his  death  is  not  recorded  in  the  Annals. 

»  Told,    See  eh.  xxvl,  p.  27. 

*FUmn  Sianna,  The  Annals  have 
recorded  that  Flann  Sionna  died  on 
Satnrdar,  the  8th  of  the  Kalends  of 
Jnne,'A!D.  916.  Calcnhituig,  there- 
f ore,  forty  years  from  the  year  before, 
we  have  A.D.  875  as  the  commence- 
ment  of  the  forty  ycar's  rest 

•  Oceatianally.  A  f ew  instances  may 
be  mentioned,  from  the  Four  Mast. 
In  883  [886]  Kfldare  was  plundered  by 
the  f oreigners,  who  carried  off  to  their 
ships  foorteen  score  men  with  the  prior 
Suibhne  and  valoable  property.  In 
885  [888]  the  abbot  and  prior  of 
Clnain-Uamha  (Cloyne)  were  sUun  by 
the  Northmen.  In  the  same  year 
King  Flann  was  defeated  by  the  Gaill 


of  Dubim,  and  the  bishop  of  Kfldare 
with  others  slain.  In  886  [889]  Ard- 
Breccan,  Domnach-Patraic,  Toilea, 
and  Glendaloch  were  plundered  by  the 
GaiU.  In  887  [890]  Kfldai«  and 
Clonard  were  plundered,  and  there  waa 
a  slanghter  of  the  foreîgners  by  the 
Hi  Amhalgaidh  (the  men  of  Tirawley), 
in  which  Elair  [Hilary],  son  of  Baraid, 
was  slain.  In  888  [891]  a  battle  waa 
gained  by  Rlagan,  son  of  Dongfaal, 
over  the  Gaill  of  Port  Lairge  (Water- 
ford).  Loch  Carman  (Wexford),  and 
Teach  Bf  oling,  in  which  200  f  oreign< 
wereshun.  In  890  [898]  Armagh 
plundered  by  the  Gaill  of  Dublin,  nnder 
the  command  of  Gluniarain  (compw 
Ann.  Uit.  893).  In  the  foUowing 
year  Flannagan,  lord  of  Breagh,  was 
slain  by  the  Northmen,  and  a  battle 
gahied  by  the  Conailli,  in  which  wen 
slain  Amlaph,  grandson  of  Ivar,  and 
Gluntradhna,  son  of  Gloniaiain,  with 
800  of  their  men.  These  examplea 
win  suffice  to  show  that  the  forty 
years*  rui  recorded  by  onr  anthor  was 
a  rest  from  fresh  invasions  only,  and 
is  not  to  be  undentood  as  impljring 
an    entire    cessation   of    hostUitim. 


INTRODUCnON. 


Ixxvii 


plundered,  and  there  were  conflicts  now  and  then  between 
the  foreigners  and  the  native  chieftains.  But  dnring  the 
whole  reign  of  Flann  Sionna,  son  of  Maelseachlainn,  there 
appears  to  have  been  no  new  arrival  of  a  foreign  âeet,  no 
invasion  properly  so  called ;  and  the  outragesrecorded  are 
all  of  the  natnre  of  those  minor  feuds  which  were  con- 
tinnally  going  on  between  the  native  tribes  and  chiefbams 
themselvea.  It  was  not  until  91 3  (916),  and  again  in  915  New  fleets 
(918),  the  year  before  the  accessdon  of  Niall  Glnndubh,  forf^AÎi)" 
that  the  arrival  of  new  fleets  în  Loch-da-Caech,  the  har-  916. 
bour  of  Waterford,  is  mentioned,'  after  which  numerous 
reinforcements  oontinued  to  pour  in.  There  had  been  a 
settlement  at  Waterford  before,  for  which  reason  that 
harhour  appears  to  have  been  chosen  as  the  head-quarters 
of  the  new  comers.  Haconn,  or  Hakon,  and  Cossa-Narra 
are  said  to  have  been  the  leaders  of  the  expedition  that 
amved  just  before  the  death  of  Flann  Sionna.  The  names 
of  these  chieftains  are  not  mentioned  in  the  Annals,  nor 
in  any  other  authority  known  to  the  editor.  They  appear 
to  have  conunenced  at  once  the  subjugation  of  Munster, 
but  were  defeated  in  three  or  four  battles  in  Keny '  and 
in  Tipperaiy.  The  Northmen  of  Limerick  seem  to  have 
oome  to  their  assistance,  but  were  defeated  by  the  men  of 
Comiaught,  and  again  by  the  men  of  Kerry  and  Corcobhais- 
ciim  at  the  river  Lemain,  now  the  Laune  near  Eallamey. 
Next  came  a  ''prodigious  royal  fleet"  of  the  Clann  The  ciann 

Ivar. 


Keatîng  speaks  of  s  state  of  peace 
and  prosperity,  which  he  attrihntes  to 
the  wiae  rnle  of  the  celebrated  Connac 
Mac  Cnineiiam,  Idng  of  Munster  and 
biihop  of  Cashel  (p.  519,  ffMahonjft 
TrtmtL)  But  as  Gormac  reigned  for 
leren  yeacs  only,  his  reign  can  only  be 
takea  u  a  very  snudl  part  of  the  forty 
yean'  rest,  and  other  catuea  must 
haye  been  at  work  to  extend  "the 
R8i**  for  80  long  a  period  to  the  whole 
of  Ireland. 
^Mentumed,    Ann.  Uit.  912,  918. 


Four  M.  910,  912,  913  (really  913, 
915,  916).  See  also  FragmmU  of 
AtmaU,  p.  245. 

>  Kerry.  The  battle  in  Kerry  \b  re- 
corded  by  the  Four  M.  at  their  year 
915=A.D.  916,  the  firet  year  of  Niall 
Glnndubh.  The  namea  of  Thomaa  of 
Cinn  Crede,  Boit  Budarill,  or  Roit  and 
Pudrai],  and  Muraîll  or  Smnrall,  men- 
tioned în  the  text,  do  not  oceur  eW- 
where,  and  are  probably  cormpt.  See 
the  notea  pp.  27,  28. 


Ixxviii 


INTBODUCnON. 


Imhar,  or  children  of  Ivar,  to  Dublin  (chap.  xxvîL),  and 
plundered  the  greater  part  of  Ireland.  But  what  followB 
ir  the  text  gives  birth  to  oonsiderable  duronological  diffi- 
culties,  and  in  inconsistent  with  the  limits  already 
aasigned  by  our  author  to  the  forty  yeiurs'  resi  It  is 
evident  that  the  remainder  of  this  chapter  is  misplaoed  and 
belongs  to  an  earlier  period.  The  defeat  of  Flaîm  Sionna 
by  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  in  the  battle  wherein  fell  Aedb, 
son  of  Conchobhair,  king  of  Connaught,  Lergus,  son  of 
Cronecan,  bishop  of  Eoldare,  and  Donnchadh,  son  of  Mael- 
duin,  abbot  of  Delga  or  Kildalky,  is  dated  by  the  Four 
Masters,  885  (=  888)  ;  and  the  other  events  mentioned 
are  all  grouped  round'  that  year.  They  are,  in  £ftct,  the 
exploits  of  an  earlier  party  of  the  dann  Ivar,  who  had 
settled  in  Dublin  and  were  in  allianoe  with  Cearbball, 
son  of  Dunghal,  chieftain  of  Ossory,  and  king  ci  Dublin. 
HiBtory  of  To  make  this  doar  it  will  be  necessary  to  caii  to  mind 
of  Du^.  some  particulars  of  the  history  of  the  Danes  of  Dublin. 
That  fortress  seems  to  have  been  originally  founded'  as  a 
trading  and  military  station  by  the  '*  White  Oentiles," 
who  had  established  themselves  in  Ireland  b^ore  the 
coming  of  the  "  Black  Qentiles,"  or  Danes.  The  amval 
of  these  latter  invaders  is  dated  851.  Their  ohieftain 
Olaf  [the  White]  came,  we  are  told,  to  levy  renta  and 
tributes,'   but  fijading   opposition   from  the  Scandina- 


1  Grouped  rowtd.  It  has  already 
been  soggested  that  there  must  be 
aome  cormption  in  the  words  ^the 
year  in  which  Ma<el«f>ch1ainn  waa 
killed,"  and  that  the  year  in  which 
MaeUebhid],  danghter  of  Maelaech- 
Uinn,  died  (Fonr  M.  884=887)  may 
have  been  intended  (see  note,  p.  288). 
The  plnnderof  Cloain  Uamha  [Clojme] 
and  the  death  of  ite  biahop^bbot 
Fergal,  son  of  Finachta,  and  its  prior 
Uanan  or  Uamanan,  is  dated  886=: 
888  (Fonr  Bl.)  The  death  of  Donn- 
chadh,  son  of  Dnbhdaboirenn,  king  of 
Munster,  is  also  placed  by  the  Four 


M.  in  the  same  year  (they  do  not  say 
that  hewas  killed);  bnt  they  make 
no  mention  of  the  death  of  Sitiici  or 
the  baming  of  Liamore  by  the  son  of 
Imhar. 

SFowMbdL  SeepulsS.  TlieFoar 
Hasters  record  the  first  taUng  of  Dub- 
lin or  Athdiath  at  836  (888);  and  the 
erectkm  of  the  fortress  (ton^pofic) 
there  840  (842> 

•  TributM,  Fragmente  ol  Annala^ 
p.  125,  127.  The  Fonr  Maatos  bmh- 
tion  the  fliwt  coming  of  the  Dnbhgall 
to  Dublin,  at  849  (851);  and  the  flisi 
coming  of  Olaf,  861  (r^868> 


INTRODUCnON. 


Ixxix 


vians  already  in  possession  of  the  country,  he  lefb  sud- 
denly,  probably  to  seek  reinforcements.  In  856  he  re- 
tumed  to  Ireland,  and  received  the  submission  of  all  the 
foreign  tribes.*  At  thîs  time  he  probably  obtained  pos- 
session of  Dublin,  and  is  said  to  have  been  joined  by  "his 
younger  brother,  Ivar,"  who  seems  to  have  foUowed  hini 
on  this  occasion,  or  to  have  accompanied'  him  at  his  first 
coming  to  Ireland. 

There  was  however  another  Ivar,  the  leader  of  a  more  Arrival  of 
considerable  party,  who,  about  four  years  later,  invaded  ^T"»  ^^^ 
East  Anglia,  where  he  was  met  by  Amlaff,  from  Seotland.  umbria. 
This  was  most  probably  Ivar  Beinlaus,'  son  of  Regnar 
Lodbrok,  who  is  called  by  the  Ulster  Annals*  "RexNord- 
mannorum  totius  Hibemise  et  Britannifle."     He  was  the 
same  Ivar  who  beeame  king  of  Northumbria,  and  was 
the  founder*  of  the  Scandinavian  dynasty  in  that  country, 
which  was  afterwards   so   elosely  connected   with    the 
Danish  kings  of  Dublin.     He  appears  to  have  arrived  at 
the  time  when  Amlaf,  or  Olaf  the  White,  with  Auisle  [or 
Flosius]  was  in  Pictland,  with  all  the  GaiU  of  Ireland  and 
Seotland,  where  they  "  plimdered  all  Pictland,  and  took 
Hostages."*     In  thisyear  (866),  says  Ethelwerd,^  the  only 


1  Tribes,  Fragmenta  of  Annals, 
A.D.  856,  p.  135. 

*  AccompameeL  See  Fragmenta  of 
Annala,  p.  127.  The  Sagas,  however, 
do  not  seem  to  have  recorded  any 
Ivar,  brother  of  Olaf  the  White.  It  is 
poasible  that  what  is  here  aaid  of  hia 
younger  brother  Ivar  is  a  miatake,  and 
that  Ivar  Beinlaua  ia  intended.  He  is 
not  called  the  brother  of  Olaf  by  the 
Ann.  Uit.  or  by  the  Fonr  M.  There  ia 
conf  oston  between  the  namea  Inguar, 
Igwar,  Imar,  Ivar,  Ifar,  in  the  Engliah 
aa  well  aa  in  the  Iriah  Chroniclea. 

*  Banltnu.     Or  the  Boneleaa. 

*  AfmaU.  Uit.  872  (=873)  which 
waa  tha  year  of  hia  death.  Annal. 
Island,  p.  5. 

*  Founder.  In  Olaf^i  Tryggvatonar» 


Saga(c,  64,  p.  117^  fKaupTncmna.  1825, 
(Fdmmanna  Sogw,  voL  1.),  we  are  tpld 
that  Ivar  Beinlaus  had  no  children, 
and  was  incapable  of  having  any. 
But  this,  perhapa,  signitiea  only  that 
he  had  gone  to  Kngland,  and  having 
never  retumed,  there  was  no  record 
of  his  children  in  the  Scandinavian 
Chroniclea.  Thorkelin,  Fragmenta  of 
Kngl.  and  Irish  Ilist  (^Nordymra,  p. 
26),  menţiona  Inguar  and  Huata,  two 
aons  of  Ivar  by  a  concubine.  In  the 
Engliah  and  Iriah  recorda  he  ia  evi- 
dcntly  the  ancestor  of  the  Clanna  Ivar 
or  Hy  Ivar,  who  were  the  kinga  of 
Northumbria  and  Dublin. 

«  Hoiiages.    Ann.  Uit.  865  (=866). 

7  Ethelwerd.  MonumentaHi8t.Brit., 
p.  512,  E.     Angl.  Sax.  Chron.  867. 

•/3 


Ixxx 


INTRODUCnON. 


English  hîstorian  by  whom  the  leader  of  the  expedîtîon  is 
named,  the  fleets  of  King  Ivar  arrived,  "advectse  sunt 
classes  tyranni  Igwares."  The  two  chieftains  Tinitmg 
their  forces  crossed  the  Huinber  to  York,  and  slew  the 
kings  Osbright  and  EUa*;  they  remained  a  year  at  York,* 
and  the  next  year  (870  or  871)  retumed  to  Dublin  from 
Scotland  with  booty'  and  captives.  Ivar  died*  în  872  or 
873,  four  or  five  years  before  the  commencement  of  the 
forty  years'  rest  ehronicled  by  our  author.  In  875  Oistin 
or  Eystein,  (probably  the  same  as  Thorstein  the  Ked),  son 
of  Amlaff,  was  slain  per  dolum,  as  the  Ulster  Annals  say, 
în  Scotland*;  and  in  the  same  year,  or  the  year  before, 
Cearbhall  (pron,  CarroU),  son  of  Dimghall,  chieftain  of 
Ossory,  succeeded  Ivar  Beinlaus  as  king  of  Dublin,^  and 


i  Ella.  Ann.  Uit.  866;  Anglo-Sax. 
Chron.  867;  Lappenberg  (Thorpe^s 
tniul.)  ii.,  33,  34. 

«  Torh    Anglo-Sax.  Chroii.  868-9. 

«Boory.  Ann.  Uit  870  [871]. 
Âmlaf  8  fortreas  (lonspofic)  at  Clon- 
dălkin  had  been  bcumed  by  the  Iriah 
(865=868,  Four  MasU),  who  gibbeted 
iOO  heads  of  tbe  slain ;  the  next  year 
bis  son  Carlus  fell  in  battle.  These 
ontrages  probably  excited  bis  thirst 
for  rengeance;  and  on  bis  retum  in 
870,  be  plandered  and  bumed  Annagb 
(^Four  MatU  867  =  870).  The  Â.  S. 
Chron.  expressly  menţiona  Ingnar  (or 
Ivar)  and  Ubba  as  the  chieftains  who 
slew  King  Eadmund  in  870.  See 
above,  p.  IvL 

^DUd,  Ann.Ult872;  AjuLlnisf. 
(Dubi.)  873. 

8  Scotland,  Ann.  Uit  874;  Robert- 
son*8  Scotland  nnder  ber  early  King^s, 
I.  p.  47. 

^  J)Mn,  See  the  GeneaJogy  of 
Cearbhall,  O^DotwvmCi  Trtbes  and 
Territories  ofAndent  Omot^  [enlarged 
from  Tran&  Kilkenny  ArchsBoL  Soc. 
IhibUn,  1851],  pp.  11-13.  This 
chieftain  had  formed  an  alliance  with 
tbe  Danes  ol  Dublin  aoon  af ter  their 


arriral;  and  indeed  Thorstein,  Olafs 
son,  was  married  to  Thurida,  Cear- 
bbairs  grand-danghter,  by  bis  danr. 
Rafertach,  who  had  married  the  cele- 
brated  Eyvind  Austmann,  so  called 
because  be  had  come  to  the  Hebrides 
from  Sweden.  In  856  (Four  M.)  really 
857  or  858,  we  find  Cearbhall  in 
alliance  with  Ivar  (probably  the 
same  who  is  called  Olafs  brother), 
and  they  vanqnished  the  Cinei  Fia- 
chach  (who  seem  to  have  had  the 
Gaill  Gaedhil  of  Leth  Cuinn,  or  the 
northem  half  of  Ireland,  on  their 
side,)  in  a  battle  fought  in  Axadh- 
tire,  now  the  barony  of  Arra  or  Du* 
barra,  connty  of  Tipperary.  Cearbhall 
tben  attacked  Leinster,  probably  with 
a  view  to  the  possession  of  Dublin, 
and  took  bostages,  amongst  whom 
was  Cairbre,  son  of  Dunlang,  heir  ap- 
parent  to  tbe  soyereignty  of  Leinster. 
The  next  year  be  attacked  Meath,  in 
alliance  with  Amlaff  and  Imhar  (Four 
M.);  but  the  Synod  of  Rath-aedba- 
mac  Bric,  now  Rath-hugh,  in  West- 
meath,  under  the  bifihop  of  Armagh 
and  the  abbot  of  Clonard,  made  a  tem- 
porazy  peace  between  the  contending 
partiea.    It  was  in  865,  according  to 


MP 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxxi 


continued  to  be  recognised  as  such  until  his  death  in  888. 
It  is  evident  ihat  during  his  reign  the  Scandinavian  leaders 
had  abandoned  to  him  and  their  other  followers  the  care 
of  their  colony  at  Dublin.  His  death  seems  to  have 
created  in  the  native  chieftains  the  hope  of  obtaining 
possession  of  the  fortress  by  the  expulsion  of  the  Danes ; 
for  in  that  very  year  Flann,*  king  of  Ireland,  joining  his 
foTces  to  those  of  the  king  of  Connaught,  and  aided  by  the 
eoclesiastical  authorities  of  Leinstqr,  attempted  the  over- 
throw  of  the  Danish  dynasty  of  Dublin,  but  was  defeated, 
aa  we  have  seen,  with  the  loss  of  almost  all  his  allies. 

"Four  years  after  this,"  adds  our  author,   (meaning  Tbe  Danes 
apparently  four  years  after  the  death  of  Donnchadh,  king  j*'  l^nbiin 
of  Munster,  or  A.D.  888,  and  the  other  contemporary  events  und  for 
recorded  in  this  chapter,)  "  the  foreigners  left  Ireland  8<»*^^ 
and  went  to  Alba  with  Sitriuc,  son  of  Ivar/'*   This  dause, 


the  Aim.  TJlt.,  that  Amiaff  and  Amale 

went  to  Scotland,  and  plimdered  aU 

Pictland.    It  is  donbtfnl  whether  this 

erent  or  the  death  of  Ivar  in  873 

•hoold  be  regarded  as  the  occasion 

which   enabled   Cearbhall   to    make 

himaelf  king  of  Dablin.    His  reign  is 

not  recognised  by  the  Irish  AnnaJs, 

possîbly  becanse  of  its  connexion  with 

the  Daxush  nsnrpation.      It  is  a  re- 

markable  proof  of  the  importance  of 

Dublin  as  a  Danish  settlement  that 

Cearbhall,  king  of  Dublin,  (Kiarvah* 

ar  Djrfilini  s  Irlandi)  is  ennmerated 

amongst  the  principal  sovereigns  of 

Europe  at  the  period  of  the  occui»ation 
of  lodand.    Lamânama.  p.  4. 

To  the  Knglish  historians  Dublin 

was  wholly  unknown ;  it  is  mentioned 

but  once  in  the  A.  S.  Chron.,  and 

then  only  incidentally,  as  the  place  to 

irtiich  the  defeated  Korthmen  retired 

after  the  battle  of  Bmnanbnrg(937-8> 

€earbhall*s  death  is  recorded  bv  the 

fmr  MotL  885  (=888) ;  by  the^lfan. 

Cmbrutj  887;  and  by  the  Brut  y 

^mtoffUm  in  the  same  year. 


^Flann.  This  prince  was  the  son 
of  Lann  (or  Flanna,  as  she  is  called, 
Frofftnmts  qfAimaUj  p.  179},dattghter 
of  Dunghall  or  Dunlaing,  lord  of  Os- 
soiy,  (and  therefore  siater  of  Cear- 
bhall,) by  Maelseachlainn,  king  of 
Ireland;  after  whose  death,  in  868,  she 
married  Aedh  Flnnliath,  king  of  Ire- 
land, the  immediate  predeceBsor  of  her 
son  Flann — Fraffmenit  of  Atmalty  pp. 
129, 189,  157.  She  appears  also  to 
have  had  a  son  Cennedigh  (or  Ken- 
nedy)  by  Gaithin,  lord  of  Leix,  whe- 
ther legitimately  or  not  is  not  recorded. 
Ihid,  pp.  157,  ies,  173,  179.  Aedh 
Finnliath  had  also  married  Maelmuri, 
(daughter  of  Cinaedh,  or  Kenneth  mac 
Alpin),  who  was  the  mother  of  Niall 
Glundubh,  and  therefore  probably 
Aedh*B  first  wife — (Keating). 

^SUrittc,  ton  of  Ivar.  Two  chief- 
tains, named  Sitric,  are  mentioned  in 
this  chapter.  One  (styled  **  king  of  tbe 
foreigners,**  or  as  the  MS.  B.  reads, 
*'  eon  of  the  king  of  the  foreigners,") 
is  said  to  have  been  killed  with  Don- 
chadh  mac  Dubhdabhoirenn,  khig  of 


Ixxxii 


INTRODUCTTON. 


however,  does  not  appear  in  the  MS.  L,  nor  is  the  informa- 
tion  it  oontains  to  be  found  in  the  Irish  Annals.  But  it  is 
remarkable  that  the  Annals  of  XJlster,  at  theîr  year  892  or 
893,  which  is  the  fourth  year  after  888,  menţiona  victoiy  by 
the  Saxons  over  the  Black  Qentiles  with  great  slanghter, 
which  was  foUowed*  by  "a  great  internai  dissension  among 
the  foreigners  of  Dublin,  who  divided  themselves  into 
£a<^ons,  one  part  siding  with  the  son  of  Imhar,  and  the 
other  with  Sichfrith  the  EarL"  This  dissension  no  doubt 
weakened  the  Dublin  Danes,  and  the  year  noted  by  the 
Annals  of  Ulster^  although  not  the  exact  date  of  their 
leaving  Ireland,  was  perhaps  the  beginning  of  their  loss 
of  power.  The  exact  year  of  their  expulsion  is  given  by 
the  Four  Masters  897,  really  900,  and  by  the  Annals  of 
TJlster,^  901  or  902.  It  appears  that  in  that  year  a  new 
attack  was  organized  agahist  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  headed 
by  Maelfinnia,  king  of  Bregia^  and  by  Cearbhall,  son  of 
Muiregan,  king.of  Leinster ;  the  confederates  succeeded  in 
displacing  the  foreign  ganison,  who  ''  esoaped  half  dead 
across  the  sea,"  leaving  behind  them  a  great  many  of  their 


Ma]i8t«r,  in  888 ;  but  thare  seeniB  aome 
Gonfoflioii  about  him.  L.  calls  hiin 
"Siuffradt  mm  of  Imar,  king  of  tlie 
forelgnezB,**  p.  288 ;  and  the  Ann.  Uit 
at  887 = 888,  bare  ''JSiefrith  mac  Imar 
rex  Nordmannomm  a  fratre  sno  oc^ 
ciflUB  «st"  Siograd,  if  tiie  k  be  pro- 
nonnced  9,  does  not  differ  eBsentially 
irom  Sicfrith ;  the  name  ia  freqnent^ 
naed  as  identical  with  Sitric  and  Si- 
gura, e^en  by  Seandinavian  writen. 
The  other  Sitriac  ie  spoken  of  as  the 
leader  of  the  forelgnere  who  left  IrO' 
land,  and  went  to  Sootland,  in  902. 
A  third  Sitrinc  (if  he  be  not  the  same 
as  the  fliat)  ie  mentioned  by  the  Ann. 
Uit  896  (896):  «'Sitrincc  mac  Imair 
ab  aliis  Nordmannis  oodyras  est**  Of 
him,  mort  piobably,  at  893  (894),  the 
Bame  Annals  say  *'Mac  Ivar"  (bot 
withont  naming  him)  "  came  again  to 


Ireland.**  TDac  1fh<nft  icefuiin  vq 
cntn  nOţienti* 

^  Folhîotd,  It  ie  not,  however,  aaid 
ezpreaaly  that  the  one  wae  the  conse- 
qnenoe  of  the  other,  althongh  the  two 
erents  are  reoordedin  immediate  juzta- 
poâtion. 

>  UUter.  The  erent  is  thos  i^ 
corded  by  the  Ulster  Annals:  **The 
banishment  of  the  Gentîles  f  rom  Ire- 
land, Le.,  from  the  fortress  of  Dublin, 
by  Maeiflnnia,  son  of  Flannagan,  with 
the  men  of  Bregh,  and  by  Cerbhall, 
son  of  Mnrigan,  with  tiie  mea  of 
Leinster,  so  that  they  left  gxeat  nom- 
bers  of  their  shipsbeliind  them,  and  ee- 
caped  half  dead  across  the  sea  wonnded 
and  broken.**  Comp.  Bobertson,  8eoi- 
iand  yndtr  ker  «or^  -Cv^s,  toL  i.,  p^ 
66,  âq. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxxiii 


ahips.  The  Four  Maştera  add  tibat  they  were  afterwards 
beseiged,  and  reduced  to  great  straite,  at  Inis  mac  Nesain, 
now  Ireland*s  Eye,*  where  they  appear  to  have  taken 
Tef^Mge  on  their  way  to  Sootland.  The  AnnaJs  make  no 
mention  of  their  leader  on  this  occasion ;  the  present  work 
is  ihe  only  authority  which  tells  us  that  he  was  Sitrinc,  son 
of  Imhair,  apparently  not  the  same  as  "Sichfirith  the 
EarV  who  is  distingoished  in  the  Annals  of  Ulster  from 
'*ihe  son  of  Imhair"  as  having  been  the  leader  of  the 
party  opposed  to  him. 

It  iţpears  then  that  the  forty  years'  "  rest,"  înterpreted  Tho  forty 
as  a  rest  from  fresh  invasions,  although  it  is  not  expressly  ^^en?^ 
mentioned  in  the  Annals,  is  perfectly  consistent  with  the  «Uy  «>n- 
events  recorded  by  them;  and  that  there  was  such  a  period 
of  rest  is  incidentally  confîrmad  by  the  circumstance  men- 
tioned in  the  Annals  of  Ulster,  that  in  877  (878),  about 
three  years  after  the  commencement  of  the  forty  years' 
rest^  the  Scrinium,  or  shrine  of  St.  Columcille,  with  his 
minna  or  precions  things,'  were  removed  to  Ireland  "  to  » 

protect  them  fix>m  the  foreigners ;"  and  the  year  before 
"Le.,  876  (877),  as  the  same  Annals^  inform  us,  Ruaidhri, 
Bon  of  Morminn  [Mervyn],  king  of  Britain  or  Wales,  fled 
to  Ireland  to  escape  the  Dnbhgaill  or  Danes. 

Ireland  wastherefore  then  regarded  as  aplaoeof  compara-  its  prob- 
tive  safety  ;  and  the  absence  of  fresh  inroads  during  the  *****  "'"^ 
long  period  of  forty  years,  may  possibly  be  accounted  for 
by  the  hope  of  more  valuable  booty  held  out  to  the  North- 
men  of  Ireland,  by  the  extensive  depredations^  of  their 


1  IrtkmtTâ  Eye,  antienUy  Inis  Faith- 
lena,  Iforf.  Jkmag,  (16  Marth).  A 
OMlIiiluidiiorthofHowth.  i^here 
jg  the  ScMidhiaviân  Eg^  insula,  n<»tthe 
ll»Jf^^^  Ejf^  ocolofl.  loÎB  mac  Nech- 
tain,  in  the  printed  text  of  the  Fonr 
My  is  a  nere  error  of  tianacription. 

•5Se4/ril4  lAe  EaH,  Then  was  a 
fiigfcied.  Sari  of  Ozkney.at  this  time. 

*  PrtcAomâ  ikingt.  See  ReereB's 
AH«tnan^  p.  815,  SQ. ;  Aun.  uit  877 ; 
Fonr  M.  875  (=878). 


«  AtmaU  Uit  876 ;  Fonr  M.  874. 
See  also  Keating  (reign  of  Aedh  Finn- 
lUth). 

<  DqfredaUom.  See  Depping,  BitL 
de$  expedilhiu  de»  Normandt  ei  hmr 
^idUitB&neni  en  i^rones— (Livre  III.) 
Porif,  1848.  Biom  Irondde,  son  of 
Regnar  Lodbrok,  is  said  to  hare  been 
the  leader  in  some  of  the  earlier  de- 
predations  of  the  Northmen  on  the 
Continent  of  Europe.    Ihid^  p.  186. 


Ixxxiv 


INTRODUCTION. 


coimtrymen  at  that  period  on  the  Rhine,  in  France, 
Britanny,  Italy,  and  other  parts  of  the  Continent  of 
Europe,  as  well  as  in  Great  Britain. 
Arrivai  of  The  reinforcements  which  came  to  the  Danes  of  Water- 
Waterford.  ford^  are  next  mentioned,  chap.  xxviiî.  They  are  de- 
scribed  aâ  "innumerable  hordes,"  under  the  command  of 
Ragnall,  grandson  of  Ivar,  and  of  the  Earl  Ottir.  This 
latter  chiefbain  is  not  mentioned  in  the  Annals,  although 
they  record  at  A.D.  916  (first  yearof  Niall  Glundubh)  the 
arrivai  of  Raghnall,^  grandson  of  Ivar,  to  reinforce  the 
foreîgners  ah-eady  established  at  Waterford.  In  chap. 
*  XXXV.  we  have  mention  of  an  earl  called  Ottir  Dubh,  or  the 
black,  who  came  with  100  ships  to  Waterford,  and  put  all 
Munster  under  tribute.  We  read  also  in  the  Annals  of 
Ulster,  A.D.  91 3,  of  a  Barid,  son  of  Ottir,  who  was  killed 
in  battle  at  the  Isle  of  Man,  by  Raghnall,  on  his  way  to 
Waterford.'  Ottir,  or  Ottar>  the  father  of  this  Barid,  can 
scarcely  have  been  the  same  Ottar  the  Earl,  who  accom- 
panied  Ragnall  three  years  afterwards  as  his  ally  and 
joint  commander  of  reinforcements  to  the  Danes  of 
Waterford. 
After  some  exploits*  of  minor  importance,  this  party  of 


Mimster 
plnndered. 


1  Waterford.  Called  in  the  text 
Loch  Dacaech :  the  estuary  or  bay  of 
Dacaech,  for  so  the  word  Loch  here 
signifies.  See  above,  p.  xxxi.,  n. 
Dacaech  (according  to  the  Drimsean- 
chus)  is  the  name  of  a  woman.  The 
Fonr  M.  first  mention  the  settlement 
of  Danes  in  Waterford  at  A.D.  912— 
Amu.  DlL  918. 

*liaghnalL  He  is  called  king  of 
the  black  foreigners,  or  Danes,  by  the 
Fonr  Masten,  915 ;  Uit  916.  At  918 
(Uit),  and  912  (Four  M.),  we  have 
mention  of  ^*a  great  new  fieet  of  gen- 
tiles  at  Loch  Dacaoch."  We  ought, 
perhaps,  to  infer  from  this  that  the 
reinforcements  recorded  in  the  text 
arrived  between  the  years  918  and  916. 

'  Waterford.    The  words  are  "  Bel- 


lum  navale  oc  [i.e.  apud]  Manaînn 
eciţt  [tnter]  Barid  Mac  nOitir,  et 
Kagnall  na  Imair,  ubi  Barid  pene  cum 
omni  exercita  suo  deletus  est"  Ann. 
UlU  913.  Dr.  0*Conor  (^Rer.  Hib, 
Scriptt  iv.  p.  247,)  reads  Bond  mac 
Noctirj  a  mistake  for  Mac  n-Oitir. 
Mr.  Robertson  (Scotland  under  her 
early  Kings,  i.  p.  57,)  has  it  *'  Barid 
mac  Kocti."  The  Dublin  MS.  of  the 
Ulster  Annals  has  Mac  n-OUir,  *^  son 
of  Oitur,'*  which  is  evidently  the  true 
reading. 

*  Exphiis,  These  were,  the  mnzder 
of  Domhnall  or  Donnell,  son  of  Donn- 
chadh,  heir  apparent  of  Cashel,  yrho 
was  probably  son  of  Donnchadh  mac 
Dubhdabhoirenn,  king  of  Munster  (see 
App.  B.,  p.  238);  the  plunder  of  Mosc- 


INTKODUCTION. 


Ixxxv 


invaders  divided  themselves  into  three  companîes,  one  of 
which  took  up  their  station  at  Corcach,^  the  other  at 
Inîs-na-hEidhnighi,  in  Keny,  and  the  third  at  Qlas-Limi, 
From  these  garrisons  they  plundered  the  whole  of  Munster, 
so  that  there  was  not  a  house  lefi  standing  from  the 
river,*  meaning,  perhaps,  the  Shannon,  southward  to  the 
sea;  and  it  ia  partictdarly  mentioned  that  Qebennach,  son 
of  Aedh,  king  of  the  Ui  Conaifl  Qabhra,^  was  beheaded 
by  them.  A  chronological  note  is  added  that  this  con- 
quest  of  Munster  took  place  in  the  year  hefort  the  death 
of  Flann  Sionna  This  ought  perhaps  to  have  been  the 
year  after,^  or  A.D.  917. 

A  paragraph  which  stands  in  the  text  at  the  end  of  Ragnaii 
the  next  chapter,*   is  obviously  misplaced,   and  ought^^JÎ*' 
to  come  in  here  ;   all  that   intervenes  belongs  to  an  l^^nd. 
earlier  period,  and  is  evidently  an  interpolation.®    The 
paiagraph  alluded  to  records  the  flight  or  banishment  of 
Ragnall  and  Ottir  into  Scotland,  where  they  were  de- 
feated,  and  both  chieftains  slain  by  Constantine,  son  of 
Aedh.   This  battie,  according  to  some  English  authorities, 
took  place  at  Tynemore,  or  Tynemoor,^  in  the  year  918  ; 


nîghe  [now  MiiAkeny,  co.  of  Cork,] 
and  of  Ui  Cairpre,  or  Ui  Cairpre 
Aebhdha,  in  the  co.  of  Limerick.  (JBook 
o/Riffhts,  p.  77.) 

^  CorctuA^  now  Cork ;  Inis-na-h£idh- 
nighe,  now  Iny,  in  Keny ;  Glas-Linn, 
(probably  on  the  Shannon;  see  Tribes 
ttnd  Customt  ofBy  Many,  p.  130,  n.) 

^Rivtr,  The  original  word  iB  tni, 
a  stream,  flood,  or  river,  written  also 
Li,  tia ;  (Webh,  lAif,  the  sea) ;  prob- 
ably  cognate  with  f-lu-men,  and  with 
the  Iiish  ti-noTD,  to  filL  It  is  also 
the  name  of  the  river  Lee,  which  is 
generally  written  taoi«  OTlaherty^ 
Ogyg.^  p.  164.  In  this  sense  it  has 
been  taken  in  the  translation,  p.  81, 
and  p.  234.  But  the  district  from  the 
Lee  to  the  sea  sonthwards  woold  be  a 
very  email  portion  of  the  conntry. 

>  Ui  ConaiU  GuJbhra.    See  note,  p. 


31,  and  comp.  Booh  ofJiightt,  p.  76,  n. 
The  descent  of  this  tribe  is  given  App. 
B.,  GeneeUog.  Table  V,  For  the  other 
chieftains  slain,  see  p.  31,  and  note  '. 

*  After.  We  have  already  had  oc- 
casion  to  notice  the  arobiguity  of  the 
phrase  ţie  nec,  which  may  signify  be- 
/ore  or  c/ter  the  death,  perhaps  accord- 
ing to  the  pronunciation  of  ţve.  See  p. 
bdiL,».  FlannSionnadiedSKaL  Jun. 
916.  C7^^.,p.484.  This  chroDological 
claose  does  not  occur  in  the  ancient 
MS.  of  the  present  work,  and  is  there- 
fore  probably  an  interpolation. 

^Next  chapter,    See  p.  35. 

^  InierpolaHan.  See  p.  34,  and  n.  *, 
p.  234-5. 

\Tynemoor.  Innes,  Criticai  Eesa^^ 
App.  3.  Simeon  Dunelm.  says,  at  Cor- 
bridge-on-Tyne,  ii.,  c.  16. 


Ixxxvi 


INTRODUCTION. 


Battie  of 
Tjmerooor. 


and  the  Annals  of  ULster,  at  that  date,  give  a  more  cir- 
cumstanţial account  of  it  than  is  customaiy  with  them; 
but  without  saying  where  the  battie  was  fought  They 
teii  us  that  Ragnall  was  accompanied  by  two  earls,  Ottir 
and  Oragaban,^  with  some  others  whom  the  annalist  calls 
og-tigherTuiy  "young  chieftains."  The  North  Saxons  also 
were  in  allianoe  with  *'  the  men  of  Alba ;"  which  drcum- 
stance  seems  to  prove  that  Ragnall's  object  was  to  secure 
his  right  to  the  sovereignty  of  Northumbria»  and  eonse- 
quently  he  was  lesisted.  He  divided  his  forces  into  four 
battalions — one  led  by  his  brother  OodMth,  grandson  of 
Ivar ;  one  by  the  two  earls ;  one  by  "the  young  chiefbains  ;"* 
and  the  fourth  kept  in  concealment  or  ambuscade  by  him- 
self.  The  united  forces  of  Constantine  and  his  Saxon 
allies  soon  routed  the  first  three  battalions,  and  "there 
was  a  great  slaughter  of  the  Qentiles  round  Ottir  and 
Oragaban."  Then  Ragnall  attacked  the  victors  in  the  reor, 
and  rendered  the  result  of  the  battie  doubtfîil ;  "  for 
neither  king  nor  mormaer  [great  steward  or  earl]"  was 
slain  by  the  Danes,  and  "  night  alone  put  an  end  to  the 
conflict/'  In  other  words  the  battie  was  a  drawn  one.* 
It  is  not  said  in  the  XJlster  Annals  that  Ragnall  or  Ottir» 
or  any  other  of  the  leaders,  was  slain ;  but  we  infer  that 
at  least  Ragnall,  grandson  of  Ivar,  whom  they  caii  "  king 
of  the  Fingall  and  Dubhgall,'*  survived  ;  for  they  record 
his  death  three  years  after  the  battie,^  A.D.  921. 


1  Gragaban,  Ifn  ^fiaggabonn, 
**with  OnggabuL**  It  is  evident 
that  thifl  is  the  name  or  snnuine  of  a 
man.  He  ia  not  mentioned  in  the 
other  Annals ;  but  Simeon  Dunelm.  in 
hÎB  shorter  Chron.  (Jiomm,  Bist,  Brit, 
p.  686,  B.)  at  the  year  812,  menţiona 
this  chieftain  nnder  the  name  of  Otvui 
Cracaham^  in  these  wordB,  **Rehigwold 
Rex,  et  Oter  Comes,  et  Osvnl  Craca- 
ham  irmperont  et  rastaverent  Dnn- 
bline**  [Dunblain].  In  Lappenberg^s 
Hiat  of  England  (Thorpe*8  ed.  îi.  p. 
94)  Cracabam  ia  miatiJcen   for  the 


name  of  a  place.  Bnt  it  ia  a  weD 
known  name  or  anniame,  and  ia  anp- 
poaed  to  aignify  erouhfoot,  indicsting 
akill  in  anguiy.  See  Langebek,  fi.  p. 
158,11. 

^  A  drawn  one.  Ann.  Uit  917  (918). 
Dr.  Reerea  haa  given  thia  paaaage  in 
the  original,  and  with  a  trandation, 
Adamnanj  p.  882,  a.  See  a  good  ac- 
count of  thia  battie  in  Robertion*^ 
ScoUand  under  her  earfy  Kingif  L  p. 
67,  $q. 

^SattU.    Ann.  Uit  930,  ol.  981. 


nrrRODUcnoN. 


Ixxxvii 


\ 


The  other  events  recorded  în  this  chapter  (xxix.),  which,  ffl*nghter 

as  we  have  said,  are  not  in  iheir  chionological  oider,  Q^iu  at 

fiJl  within  the  period  which  onr  author  calls  "  the  rest,"  ^"^  ^ain 

ihat  is  to  say ,  the  forty  years  dnring  which  there  were  no 

frefih  invasions  of  Ireland   Theee  weie  "  an  ertraordinary 

and  indescribable   slaughter  of  the  foreigners  at  Dun 

Main,^  in  the  west  of  Ireland/'  or,  aocording  to  another 

reading,  in  the  weat  of  Munster.    The  Dun  itself  was  de- 

molished,  and  was  therefore  probably  a  fortreas  of  the 

enemy ;  for  the  iTictors  were  the  principal  tribes  of  the 

Bouth-weat  of  Ireland,  namely,  the  Eoghanacht  of  Loch 

Lem,  or  Killamey,  nnder  the  command  of  their  chieftain, 

Gonligan,'  son  of  Maelcron ;  the  Ui  Conaill  Qabhra,  of 

Limerick,  under  Flannabrat,  or  Flanneiy,  grandson  of 

Dunadach,'  their  king ;  and  the  Ciarraighe,  or  men  of 

Eeny,  under  theîr  chieftain,  Congalach,^  son  of  Lachtna. 

Our  author  fixes  the  date  of  this  great  victory  by  telling  Contem- 
Qs  that  in  the  same  year  the  following  events  took  place  :  ^^ 
— 1.  Colphinn*  was  slain  at  Cenn  Curraigh,  and  Baeth- 
borr  was  slain  at  Dublin.  2.  Amlaff  plundered  Lismore. 
3.  Foenteran,  son  of  Drognean,  chieftain  of  the  Fir 
Muighi  (now  Fermoy),  bumed  AmlafiTs  câmp  on  the  same 
lught^  in  revenge  for  the  plunder  of  Lismore.  4.  After 
which  Amlaff  murdered^  his  own  brother,  Osill,  or  Oisld 
These  calamities  were  brought  upon  the  Danish  chieftains 
V  the  miraculous  vengeance  of  St.  Mochuda,^  patron  of 
lâsmore,  for  their  sacrilegious  plundering  of  that  sBcred 


//>Miiir<iMi. 


This  place  b  not  men- 
in  the  Aanabi   There  is  a  Dan- 
in  the  wcet  of  Keny.    Dun- 
is  nentioiied,  p.  86,  which 
aaother   spelling  of   the 


This  chieftain  is  not 
in  the  Annals,  aHhoagh  the 
K  record  tlte  death  of  his  father, 
at  their  year  887. 

Hedied888(=885), 
M.     See  Afip.  B^  Genealog. 


Tahle  Y.,  No.  20.    Flannabrat  was 
Uned,  A.D.  876  («878).    F\mr  M. 

*  CtmgaUuk,  He  is  not  mentioned 
in  tlM  Annals. 

*  Colpkkm.  See  chap.  xziv.,  p.  28, 
and  p.  Izziii  ahore. 

^Mwdered»  8ee  Fragmenta  of  An. 
nals,  p.  171,  and  p.  IxziL,  snpra. 

fMoekda.  Called  also  Carthach, 
from  the  name  of  his  maşter,  St. 
Gatliach.  See  Mart  Donegal,  14  May, 
p.  127.    His  original  name  was  Cada. 


l 


IxxxviS 


INTRODUCTION. 


Theirdate       Unfortunately,    however,    none  of  these   events  are 

mined.       mentioned  in  the   Irish  Annals^  and  therefore  we  are 

ignorant  of  their  precise  dates.     But  the  next  paragraph 

in  our  author's  narrative  enables  us  to  supply  this  defect. 

He  there  tells  us  that  this  was  the  same  year  in  which 

Aedh  Finnliath,  king  of  Ireland,  with  Conchobhair,'  or 

Conor,  king  of  Connaught,  gaîned  the  battle  of  Cili  Ua 

nDaighre'    over    "the  Fair   Gentiles,"  six    years  after 

the  death  of  Eing  Maelseachlainn,  and  therefore  A.D. 

869. 

The  batUe      It  appears  &om  the  curious  account  of  this  battle  given 

nDalghre*  ^^  ^®  Brussels  "  Fragments  of  Annals,"  that  it  originated 

or  Kaii-     in  some  insult  offered  to  King  Aedh  Finnliath,  by  his 

nephew  Flann,'  king  of  the  Cianachta  Bregh,  who  called 

to  his  assistance  the  crews  of  a  fleet  of  Norsemen,  at  that 

time  anchored  at  the  mouth  of  the  Boyne.    He  had  also 

as  his  allies  the  men  of  Leinster^  and  thus  was  considerably 

superior  in  point  of  numbers  to  the  king  of  Ireland. 

Nevertheless  he  was  defeated  with  great  tiaughter,  and 

beheaded.    The  chronide*  represents  the  victorjr  as  due 


neer. 


>  ConchMair,  See  Dr.  O'Dono- 
▼an*8  note  ^  Fowr  M.  866,  p.  504. 

*  CUI  Ua  n-Daighre :  now  Killmeer, 
near  Drogheda.    (See  Fragments  of 
Anttohy  p.  183,  n.) 

^Flann,  The  Annals  of  UUter  (867) 
give  the  followmg  account  of  thia 
battle — "  Bellam  [battle  gained]  hy 
Aedh  Mac  Kefll,  at  CUl-oa-nDaigri, 
over  the  By  Niall  of  Bregia  and  the 
Leinstennen,  and  oyer  the  great  Bimy 
of  the  Gaill,  i.e.  800,  or  900,  or  more. 
In  which  fell  Flann,  son  of  Gonang, 
king  of  all  Bregia,  and  Diarmait,  son 
of  Edirsceir  [Driscoll], ''  king  of  Loch 
Gabhor^  [Loch  Gower  or  Lagore,  near 
DnnshaaghUn,  co.  of  Meath]  "et 
in  isto  bello  plurimi  Gentiliiun  tmci- 
datl  snnt.  And  Fachtna,  son  of  Mael- 
duin,  righdomhna  [heir  apparent]  of 
the  North,  fell  in  the  heat  of  the 


battle,  et  alii  mulţi."  Flann  was  the 
son  of  Conang,  or  Conall,  king  of  the 
Cianachta  (or  posterity  of  Cian)  of 
Bregia,  by  a  daughter  of  NiaU  Gaille, 
whose  name  is  not  preseryed,  and  sister 
of  Aedh  Finnliath.  To  her  the  poem 
quoted  in  the  text  is  ascribed ;  and  see 
the  other  poems  quoted  by  the  Four 
H.,  A.D.  866  (=:869),  on  the  battle  of 
Cill-na>nDaighri,  showlng  that  the 
victory  was  oonsideied  at  the  Urne 
one  of  great  triumph  and  importancei. 
'  Chnmicle.  Fragmenta  of  Annals, 
p.  181,  $q.  Before  the  battle,  Aedh 
is  represented  as  reminding  his  armj 
that  "it  is  not  by  foroe  of  soldiers 
that  a  battle  is  gained,  but  by  the  aid 
of  Qoă  and  the  righteousness  of  the 
prince.  Pride*^  (he  adds)  **  and  snper- 
fluous  forces  are  not  pleasing  to  God, 
but  humility  of  mind  and  firmness  of 


INTBODUCTION. 


Ixxxix 


to  the  piety  and  Chriatianity  of  King  Aedh,  who  spared 
the  men  of  Leinster  after  the  battle,  as  being  Christiaiis, 
BSki  tumed  hia  troops  aliogeiher  against  the  Pagaii 
Nors^nen. 

The  events  recorded  in  the  next  chapter  (xxx.)  are  dated  Battie  of 
în  the  year  "  in  which  Niall^Qlun-dubh  became  monarch   **" 
of  Ireland,"  or  A.D.  916.    At  this  epoch  Sitiîc,  grandson 
of  Ivar,  and  brother  of  Ragnall  of  Waterford,  of  whom  we  ' 
have  just  spoken,  came  with  another  fleet  and  settled  at 
Cenn  Fuait.^     From  this  plaoe  they  plundered  Leinster, 
and  soon  afberwards  gained  a  great  battie  over  the  king 
of  Leinster.    Our  author  does  not  say  where ;  but  the 
Annals  of  Ulster  and  the  Four  Masters  teii  us  expressly 
iiiat  the  battie  was  at  Cenn  Fuait,  which  was  probably 
somewhere  near  the  coast  of  the  counties  of  Kilkenny  or 
Wexford.    After  their  victory*  they  went  northwarda 


liesit.^  Flann,  cm  the  other  hand, 
«row»  to  hifl  foUowen  that  his  sole 
cbject  is  ambition,  **to  gain  the  throne 
of  Irdand  or  be  killed.**  Again  King 
Aedh  ezhoits  his  Boldien  ''Think  not 
of  flight,  hnt  troflt  hi  the  Lord,  who 
ghrea  vietoiy  to  the  ChristianB  ;**  and 
«fter  the  battie,  **  Beloved  people 
apare  the  Christiana,  and  flght  against 
the  idolaten,  who  are  now  roated  be- 
fore  jroo."  It  appears,  therefore,  that 
the  rdigioa»  element  had  begnn  to 
make  iteeif  f elt  m  the  contest  between 
IhepartieB. 

iCbMi/'«atC:"Fttat*8Head.^  Thu 
plaoe,  Dr.  O'Donovan  con jectoreB  (Four 
M,  915,  notei,  p.  589,  560),  is  now 
Conf ey,  in  the  county  of  Kildare,  near 
Lrisdip,  (the  Danish  Lax-ltp^  Salmon 
Leap^)  in  the  barony  of  SaXt  (Saltus 
Salmonis).  But  the  Annals  of  Ulster, 
ai  916  (Fonr  M.  915),  teii  na  that 
Cenn  Fnait  was  i  iiai|iiti|%  Loipn, 
«^in  the  East,  or  anterior  pait  of  Ldn* 
sttf  ;**  and  it  mnst  have  been  near  the 
as  SUric,  '*with  his  fleet,*'  settled 


there.  ^  poem,  qnoted  by  the  Foar 
M.,  seeji  to  speak  of  the  battie  (if  it 
be  the  same)  as  having  taken  place  in 
**  a  vallciy  orer  Hgh  Moling,**  which 
may  signify  either  Timolin,  in  the 
south  of  the  county  of  Kildare,  or  St. 
Mttllins  on  the  Barrow,  in  the  south  of 
the  county  of  Carlow.  'Diis  latter  place 
may  have  been  approached  by  water, 
from  Waterford,  and  as  it  is  situated 
at  the  foot  of  Brandon  Hill,  the  battie 
may  have  been  in  some  "  valley  over 
Tigh  Molmg,"  and  the  Danish  fortress 
called  Cenn  Fnait,  on  some  kead  in  the 
mountain,  accessible  to  light  ships  by 
the  Barrow. 

*  Vidory,  In  the  battie  we  are  told 
were  slain  600,  with  fifty  kings.  The 
foUowing  are  named: — 1.  Ugaire,  son 
of  Ailill,  king  of  Leinster,  whose  father 
was  also  slain  by  the  Norsemen  in 
871  (Four  11  869);  2.  Maolmordha, 
son  of  Muiregean,  king  of  western  (or 
more  probably  eastem)  Liffey.  See 
note  S  p.  84.  That  part  of  the 
county  of  Kildare  which  lies  between 


XC 


INTBODUCnON. 


TheClanna 
lyar  land 
forciUy  at 
Dublio. 


Battle  of 
Kilma- 
■hogne  and 
death  of 
KlaUGlnn- 
dubh,  919. 


and  plundered  Eildare,  and  "the  greater  part  of  the 
chuTches  of  Erinn." 

We  next  read  of  the  amval  of  another  party  of  the 
Clanna  Imhar,  or  children  of  Ivar,  as  the  Irish  caii  them. 
They  came  în  "  an  iminense  royal  fleet/'  under  the  com- 
mand  of  Sîtrîc,  grandson  of  Ivar,  to  Dublin,  where  they 
"  forcibly*  landed,"  and  encamped.  Whether  this  was  the 
same  Sitric,  grandson  of  Ivar,  who  was  the  leader  of  the 
Qentiles  of  Cenn  Fuait  three  years  before,  is  not  certain. 
He  is  here  called  Sitric  Caech,  "  the  Blind,"  and  by  the 
Pour  Masters  (at  917)  Sitric  Oale,  a  word  which,  if  it  be 
Irish,  may  signify  "  the  champion"  or  "  hero." 

Be  this  however  as  it  may,  King  Niall  Glundubh  lost 
no  time  in  mustering  his  clansmen  and  kindred  fix)m  the 
north  of  Ireland.  He  attacked  the  invaders,  and  a  great 
battle  ensued  in  the  mountains  south  of  Dublin,  where  he 
himself  was  sladn  ;  twelve  kings  fell  in«the  battle,  with  a 
great  part  of  the  nobles  of  the  northem  half  of  Ireland, 


the  riyer  Uîh  or  Liffey  and  the  sea, 
and  ia  indnded  in  ita  hone-shoe 
winding,  waa  eastem  or  Airthei  Lif  ^ ; 
the  rest  of  the  connty  was  western 
or  larthair  Lifâ  (See  Four  M.  628, 
note  *,  p.  250).  3.  Mughron,  son 
of  Cenneidigh,  king  of  Laighis  (now 
Leîz)  and  the  three  Comanns,  (septs 
aitoated  fai  the  north  of  the  counţy  of 
Kilkenny.  See  Fonr  M.  871,  note ', 
p.  616).  His  father,  Cenneidigh,  or 
Kennedy,  waa  the  son  of  Gaithin,  by 
Lann,  aister  of  Gearbhaill  of  Ossoiy. 
Seeabore,  p. Izxzi,  note  K  4.  Cînaodh, 
son  of  Tnathal,  king  of  the  Ut  Enech- 
glaia,  a  tribe  seated  in  the  barony  of 
Arklow,  connty  of  Wicklow.  They 
were  descended  from  Bresail,  snmamed 
Enechglais,  or  of  the  green  face,  son 
of  Cathair  M6r,  king  of  Ireland  in  the 
second  centary  (Four  M.  915,  p.  590). 
5.  liaelmoedhog,  son  of  l!)iannaid, 
abbot  of  Glenn  Uissen,  now  Killeshin, 
Queen*8  connty,  in  tlie  territor)'  of  Ui 


Bairche.  He  waa  probably  abbat- 
bishop;  and  is  called  by  onr  anthor 
Archbishop  of  Leinster,  i.e.  Ard- 
(chief  or  eminent)  bishop,  becanse  of 
his  eminence  in  leaming,  for  the  Fonr 
Hast  teii  ns  that  he  was  "  a  distin- 
gnished  scribe,  anchorite,  and  leamed 
sage,  in  Latinity  and  in  the  Scoţie 
speech."  The  Ann.  Uit  caii  him  '*  a 
sage,  and  bishop  of  Leinster."  He  i» 
not  mentioned  by  Ware  or  Harris,  nor 
does  his  name  occnr  in  connexioo  with 
any  of  the  known  episcopal  sees. 
There  were  no  Archbishops,  in  the 
modem  sense  of  the  word,  at  that  ttme 
in  Ireknd;  see  Si.  Pairieh,  Apottk 
qfiniamdt  p.  14,  §q. 

^  ForcMy.  We  have  seen  that  the 
f oreigners  were  expelled  from  Dablln 
m  902  by  the  Iriah  chieftains,  who 
probably  sUU  held  possesiion  of  tbe 
place,  and  resisted  the  landing  of  the 
new  invaderSi  This  ezplains  ihe 
phrase  oji  etcatit  *'  by  force." 


1 


nrTBODtJCTION. 


xci 


aad  a  "  cotintless  army  besides."  The  Annals  have  re- 
eorded  chronological  crîteria  which  place  it  beyond  a 
doubt  that  Wednesday,  September  15th,  919,  was  tlie  pre- 
cise date  of  thÎB  engagement,  and  the  Four  Masters  teU  us 
that  the  battle  was  fought  at  Cili  Mosamhog,*  now 
Kilmashogae,  in  the  mountains  near  Rathfamham,  about 
six  miles  from  Dublin. 

The  Qăjnes  of  the  twelve*  kings  or  chieftains  who  were  ivâre 
slam  in  the  battle  are  then  given  in  detail ;  and  it  is  evident  ^°^*  *^^^ 


^aU  Moiomhog.  The  churcb  ot 
Hofiamhog.  The  name  of  this  saint 
voold  be  Samhţ  or  perhapa  Sabh, 
^*^ing  away  the  devotional  prefix  mo, 
^f  ud  the  termination  og,  little  or 
^onog.    3q^  qq  g^f.]^  name  has  been 

'•ond  ia  the  Iriah  Calendar».    Sabia 

«■  Sabina,  wae  the  mother  or  grand- 

'^^ef  of  St  Cuthbert.    The  remains 

*'  a  rery  large  cromlech  are  stîll  to  be 

*^  OQ  Kilmashogae  mountain,  in  the 

f^^'^da  ol  Glen  SouthweU,  near  St 

^«^mba'a  College.    Thia,  in  all  pro- 

iiity^  marks  the  grave  of  the  chief- 

j^^^*nd  klng«  «laih  in  the  battle. 

^^Jr^^^^^^iig^  or  the  church  of  St. 

1,^  .  ***■%    now  KUrnacnd,  ia  in  the 

jV^^^^tiona  of  the  MSS.  and  other 
^jj^**t^B  ut  the  liat  of  the  kinga  are 
»Id^*^'  The  Dnblin  IliS.,  from 
^jjj^  *1^«  text  is  taken,  is  the  only 
|.  /*^*^  which  adheres  to  the  num- 
jj  ^^lv"e.  Thenatoesareth^e  given 
""^■1,  Conchobhair,  son  of  Mael- 


*^»i-hood. 
't^e.    See  note,  p.  36,  where 


^  ^*»^  chieftainiy  of  the  Clann  Col- 
2  ^  (SeeGeneaL Table II., p.  246). 
j!T^^*^lng,  son  of  Flann  Slofina,  heir 
j^^^t.ofIreLind(t6.)  3.  Flaîthbher- 
^^  ^»  of  Domhnall,  another  hdr 
^*^tit  of  Ireland.  4.  Aedh,  son  of 
ţ^^^ah  [Eochagan,  Four  M.  917,] 
^^^*  Uladh.  Reevea'sJE:cc/.iln%, 
^  ^»»S.  5.Maelmithigh,aonofFl«n. 


nagan,  king  of  Bregia;  a  district  m- 
cludihg  the  cotiflties  of  Meaih,  West- 
raeath.  Dublin  (north  of  the  Liffey), 
and  part  of  Loath  {Book  ofRighUy  p. 

11,  n.)  6.  Eremhon,  son  of  Cennedigh, 
chief  of  Cenel  Mani,  a  tribe  in  Teffia, 
Westmeath.  (7«4  p.  180,  n.)  7.  Con- 
galach,  son  of  Cele,  king  of  Ua  liac 
Uais,  now  the  barony  of  Moygobh,  in 
Westmeatb.  8.  Congalach,  soh  of 
Dreman,  k.  of  Crimhthainn,  now  th(S 
barony  of  Lower  Slane,  in  Meath.  9. 
Maelmaire,  son  of  Ainbith,  k.  of  Mng- 
omn  or  Mugdhom,  now  Cremorne  [the 
angUcked  form  of  Crioch  Mnghhoni], 
coonty  of  Monaghan.  10.  Deochan, 
son  of  Domhnall,  king  of  Cianachta, 
a  district  of  Bregia,  in  Heath.  11. 
Donan,  or  Diman,  son  of  Cerballan. 

12.  Brenan,  son  of  Fergns.  Thâse  two 
last  named  are  not  elsewhere  men- 
tioned.  The  Ma  B.  adds  the  three 
foUowing  names — (see  p.  86,  n.  4) : — 
1.  Maeldubh,  kmg  of  Oirghiall  (Lonth 
and  Monaghan),  [who  is  called  Mafel- 
croibhe  Ua  Dubfasionaigh,  lord  of 
Oirghiall,  by  the  Leabhor  Gahhaîa  and 
Four  Mast.j  andMaelcraibi  Mac  Dnbh- 
sionaigh,  king  of  the  Airghiallu,  by 
the  Ann,  Uh.']  2.  Maelcraibi,  son  ai 
Doilgen,  whom  the  Four  M.  caii  king 
of  TorUn,  or  of  the  tTi  Tortain  [a  tribe 
of  the  Oirghialla  seated  near  Ardbrac- 
can  in  the  co.  of  Meath] ;  and  3.  Cel- 
lach,  son  of  Fogartach,  king  of  South 
Bregia. 

*y2 


xcu 


INTRODUCTION. 


Godfrey, 
grandsonof 
Ivar,  plun- 
den  Ar- 
xnagh,  jLD. 
921. 


Battle  of 
Tigh  Mic 
Deicthig. 


that  those  who  obeyed  the  summons  of  King  Niall  were 
the  families  immediately  interested  in  the  succession  to  the 
monarchy,  namely,  the  tribes  of  Meath  and  those  of 
Tyrone  and  Down.  The  possession  of  Dublin  was  of 
peculiar  importance  to  the  Clann  Cohnain,  from  the  dis- 
position  shown  by  the  neîghbouring  chieftains  of  Ossory 
and  Leinster  to  make  alliances  with  the  învaders. 

In  the  next  ehapter  (xxxii.)  we  read  that  Gothrin, 
Gofraigh,  or  Godfrey,*  "  son  of  Imar,"  plnndered  "  the 
north  of  Eriîin,"  and  spoiled  Armagh.  He  must  have  been 
not  son  but  grandaoii  of  Imar,  as  he  is  rightly  styled  in 
the  Bnissels  Annala,  and  by  the  Four  Masters.  The 
attack  upon  Armagh  is  dated  in  the  Annals,^  Saturday, 
the  day  before  the  feast  of  St.  Martin  (Nov.  11),  which 
indicates  the  year  921 ;  and  it  is  evident  that  the  para- 
graph  in  which  this  event  is  recorded  is  out  of  its  place, 
and  ought  to  be  at  the  end  instead  of  the  beginning  of  this 
ehapter.  For  our  author's  next  words  (p.  37),  "  notwith- 
standing  that  this  battle  was  gained  over  them,"  that  is, 
over  the  Irish,  evidently  refer  to  the  Battle  of  Kil- 
mashogue,  not  to  the  battle  (if  there  was  one)  in  which 
Armagh  was  spoiled ;  but  the  words  above  quoted  ought 
to  have  been  rendered  "that  battle,  however,  was  avenged 
on  them  in  fall  measure'  before  the  end  of  a  year,"  mean- 
ing,  no  doubt,  a  year  after  the  battle  of  Kilmashogue  ;  for 
Donnchadh,  grandson^  of  Maelseachlainn,  gained  a  battle 
over  the  Danes  at  Tîgh  Mic  Deicthig  in  which  an  im- 


1  Godfrey,  The  Annalsof  Ulster(92l) 
record  the  deathof  Ragnall,  "grandson 
of  Ivar,  king  of  theFinngall  andDubh- 
gali ;  and  immediately  af  terwards 
"Goithbrith,  grandson  of  Ivar,  in  Ath- 
cliath;"  in  othcrwordaGotfrith,  imme- 
diately after  the  death  of  his  brother 
Ragnall,  came  from  Armagh  to  claim 
the  Bovereign  power  in  Dublin,  and  to 
take  advantage  of  the  victory  gained 
at  Kilmashogue  by  his  brother  Sitric. 
See  Appendix  D,  Geneal.  Table,  VII. 

*AnnaU,  Uit  920  or  921.  Fonr 
M.  919.    See  p.  37,  n.  ». 


•  Measure.  The  word  comaip  sîg- 
nifies  measnre.  In  the  text,  p.  36 
(as  Mr.  Henneasy  has  pointed  out),  it 
was  mistaken  for  a  proper  name. 

^Grandton,  The  text  has  «on,  which 
is  a  veiy  common  mistake,  and  in  this 
case  a  palpable  error  of  the  scribe. 
See  p.  37,  n.  u,  and  Geneal.  Table,  1 1.,  p. 
246.  There  is  obscurity  in  our  author*8 
phraseology,  **  notwithstanding,  how- 
ever," (he  says)  "that  this  battle  was 
gained  over  them,*'  meaning  the  Irish, 
"  Donnchadh  gained  a  battle  over 
I  them,"  meaning  the  Danes. 


INTBODUCTION. 


XClll 


mense  uumber  of  the  enemy  was  slain,  and  there 
escaped  "not  more  than  enough  to  teii  what  had  hap- 
pened ;"  and  ''in  this  battle/'  say  the  Four  Masters/ 
"  revenge  was  had  of  them  for  the  battle  of  Ath-cliath'' 
(meaning  the  battle  of  Rilmashogue), ''  for  there  fell  of  the 
nobles  of  the  Norsemen  here,  as  many  as  had  fallen  of 
the  nobles  and  plebeians  of  the  Qaedhil  in  the  battle  of 
Ath-cliath." 

The  arrival  of  Tamar,  or  Tomar,  "  son  of  Elgi/'  is  next  Anivai  of 
recorded  (chap.  xxxiii.).  He  is  said  to  have  come  "  afler  î?^"  ^^^ 
that/'  that  is  either  after  the  battle  of  Kilmashogue, 
which  is  most  probably  the  meaning,  or  after  the  battle 
of  Tigh-mic-Deicthig.  He  landed  at  Inis-Sibhtonn,  now 
King's  Island,  at  Limerick,  with  "an  inmiense  fleet/' 
and  plundered  "  the  chief  part  of  Munster,  both  churches 
and.  chieftainriea"  Our  author  adds  that  Lorcan,'  son 
of  Conligan,  was  king  of  Cashel  at  that  time.  Tomar  was 
the  name  given  by  the  Irish  to  the  Scandinavian  chief- 
iaţn  Qormo  Ckvnde  (the  aged),  called  Mac  Elgi,  that  is  son 
(but  perhaps  grandson)  of  Oormo  Enaki  (the  Erigliah),^ 
the  Outhrum  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicles,  sumamed 
Enski^  because  he  was  bom  in  England. 

The  next  chapter  (xxxiv.)  speaks  of  a  fleet  on  Loch  A  fl«et  on 


^FimrMatten.  The  battle  of  Tigh 
mic  DeScthîg  \b  placed  hy  the  Ann. 
Uit  in  919  or  SÂO,  and  by  the  Four 
JHl  in  the  firsi  year  of  King  Donn- 
chad,  which  began  September  919 ;  a 
year  or  two  therefore  &^/bre  thespoiling 
of  Annagfa  by  Godfrey,  and  a  year 
after  the  battle  of  Kilmaahogne.  Tlgh- 
mic-Deicthig,  is  varionsly  written. 
Ti^  mic  nEathach  (Four  M,\  and 
Hgfa  meîc  Nechtai^  (B.):  the  worda 
mean,  Houfle  of  the  son  of  Deicthach, 
or  Kochadh,  or  sons  of  Nechtach.  The 
place  is  now  onknown ;  bat  the  Four 
Mastcrs  (A.D.  918,  p.  599)  teii  ns  that 
itwasin  the  district  of  Cianachta  Bregh, 
io  the  oounties  of  Meath  and  Dublin. 

*Lorcam,  He  began  his  rdgn  920 
(  a  922),  Four  M,    He  was  of  the  race 


of  Failbhe  Flann,  (son  of  Aedh  Dubh),  ^^* 
ancestor  of  the  Hi  Failbhe.  See 
Geneal.  Table,  IV.,  No^  11,  p.  24a 
His  geuealogy  up  to  Aedh  Dabh  ia 
gfyen  in  the  Book  of  Leinster  thus: 
Lorcan,8onof  Conligan  [sL  898 =901, 
Four  if.],  8.  of  Corcrain,  s.  of  Corc, 
8.  of  Artgall,  s.  of  Domhnall,  ^  of 
Conall,  s.  of  Snedgna,  s.  of  Natfraich, 
s.  of  Colga,  a.  of  Failbhe  Flann,  king 
of  Manster,  whodied688  (Fonr  M.688). 
3  EngUtik.  The  Dafiish  word  EiUH 
(English)  was  oormpted  by  the  Irish 
faito  Elgi^  Aiicks,  or  AUg^  It  is  not 
so  easy  to  see  how  Gorroo  became 
Tomar.  Seep.  lxyii«ii.  Thegenealogy 
of  this  Gormo,  and  of  his  snccessor 
Gormo  Gamle  (jfnmdeams),  is  very 
obscure  and  conf  used. 


XCIV 


INTRODUCTION. 


Appareni 
conclttsion 
of  a  section 
ofthework* 


xhB OppPQB ' 
liOIKXt 

Mimster; 
OttarDnbh 
at  Water- 
loid. 


Derg-derc,  the  celebrated  expansion  of  the  Shannon  now 
known  as  Lough  Derg.  This  fleet  seems  io  have  been  seni 
out  from  the  Danes  of  Limerick  ;  for  the  historian  adds, 
that  after  having  plundered  several  of  the  ecclesiastical 
islands  of  the  Lough,  and  committed  other  outrages,^ 
they  "  arrived  agaîn  in  safety  at  Limerick  without  battl© 
or  conflict." 

These,  our  authorsays,  were  the  "  mighty  deeds"  of  the 
Clanna  Elgi,  or  sons  of  Gormo  Enski,  and  of  the  ships  of 
Dublin,  in  the  northem  dîvîsion  of  Ireland  (called  Leth 
Cuinn  or  Conn's  Half)  and  in  Leinster.  These  words 
seem  to  mark  the  conclusion  of  a  division  or  section  of 
the  wDrk,  in  which  the  northem  half  of  Ireland  was 
principally  concemed ;  but  as  the  sons  of  Elgi  are  par- 
tîciilarly  fnentioned,  perhaps  the  "  mighty  deeds"  spoken 
of  are  only  ihos6  described  in  chapters  xxxiii.  and  xxxiv. 
The  remaindef  of  the  work  is  devoted  to  the  history  of 
the  conflicts  betteeen  the  men  of  Munster  and  the  sons  of 
Ivar,  ot  Danes,  propfefly  so  called,  of  Dublin,  Limerick, 
and  Waterford. 

The  oppression  of  Munster  b^gan  by  the  arrival  of  a 
fleet  of  one  hundred  fehips,  under  the  command  of  Oiter 
Dubh,*  or  Ottar  the  black,  at  Port  Laitge,  or  WaterfonL 


1  OtUragtt*  They  plimdered  Inis 
Celtra,  and  *'  ârowned,**  ie.  caat  into 
the  Utke,  ita  shrines,  reUcs,  and  books. 
They  plundered  also  Mnc-inis-Biagail, 
(Hog-island  of  Si  Riagal  or  Reguluă, 
see  above,  p^  xxxiii,  n.  2),  and  other 
chnrcheB  on  the  idand^  of  the  lâke. 
On  the  mainland  they  pliindered  Tir- 
daglas  rTenyglAĂs,  id  Tipperary), 
Lothrâ  (aee  abovft,  p.  xlix),  Clonfert, 
.  nd  Clonmacnoifl.  Sailing  «p  the 
Slannon  to  another  expanrion  of  the 
river,  called  Loch  Ribh  or  Ltoch  Re^ 
they  plnndered  its  islândi  alao,  on 
which  there  were  celebrated  religions 
honses;  especlally  Inia  Clothrann  (now 
Inchderann)  and  Inia-bo-finne  (Inch- 
bofin,  the  white  cow's  island).    They 


then  attâckM  the  #e8t  of  Heath,  and 
sonth  of  Connatight,  (ihepresent  King'a 
coiiniy  ănd  ebnth  of  Gălway,)  Where 
they  deir  Chiâch,  khig  of  Aidhnei  Le. 
of  Ui  Flâchrach  Aidhne,  in  th«  aonth 
of  Galwa;^,  a  territory  repreeented  by 
the  preMnt  diocese  of  Klhnaftdnâgfa. 
Se^  note  *,  p.  89. 

^Oiiet  Dttbh.  Chai>.  txzr.  The 
fiiglish  Clinniicleft,  at  datea  which 
vary  from  dl2  to  916,  mention  *  fleet 
of  **  Pagan  f^teâ"  irho,  harlng  left 
Britaih  fof  Ganl  nineteen  yMrt  before, 
now  retnmed  from  Llydwicca  [./Lrmo- 
rica]  nnder  the  command  of  Ohier 
and  Rhoald ;  they  entered  the  mouth 
of  the  Sevenif  but  being  driren  off» 
took  refuge  in  South  Walca,  and  thea 


INTBODUCriON. 


xcv 


Tkis  chieftain  plundered  the  eastem  coast  of  Munster, 
compelling  the  inhabitaiits  to  pay  tribute,  or  personal 
service.  In  his  wake  foilowed  innnmerable  hosts,  so  that, 
in  ihe  language  of  our  author  (p.  41 ),  "  there  was  not  a  har- 
bour,  nor  a  landing-port,  nor  a  Dân,  nor  a  fortress,  nor  a  fast- 
neaSy  in  all  Munster  without  fleets  of  Danea  and  pirates." 
The  leaders  of  several  of  these  fleets  are  named/  and  a 
pathetic  description  is  given  of  the  ravages  and  outrages  Outrage»' 
committed  by  them,  which  exceeded,  we  are  told,  all  that  «>«n™itt»i 
the  countiy  had  hitherto  endured.  Particular  mention  iriah. 
is  made  of  the  captives  of  both  sexes,  who  were  carried 
off,  '*  over  the  broad  green  sea»"  into  oppression  and  bond- 
age ;  and  our  author  exclaims,  ''Alajs!  many  and  finequent 
were  the  bright  and  brilliant  eyes  that  were  suffused  with 
tears,  and  dimmed  through  grief  and  despair,  at  the 
separation  of  son  from  fia,ther,  and  daughter  from  mother, 
and  brother  from  brother,  and  relatives  from  their  race 
and  from  their  tiibe.'' 

In  the  next  three  or  four  chapters'  we  have  a  record  of  Victoriwof 
Bome  battles  in  which  the  Danes  of  Dublin  and  other  '^l^fS* 

of  DaUiii. 


iftiled  to  Irdand.  "H  tamen  cUde 
oppraiiri,  guandam  insnUiii,  qo»  Beoric 
[Flatholme]  nominatar,  petienmt,  abi 
tamdia  ooosidenmt,  qaonsque  pluns 
eomm  eM«nt  t§mB  oonsiimpti;  unde 
neoearitate  compnUi,  priiu  ad  Deomo- 
dom  [Sathwalliain],  deinde  aatumnali 
lenoipon  ad  Hibeiniam  navigarunt.** 
So  «ajB  fîor.  Wiffom^  A.D.  915  (I/o- 
hm». Hi$L  Brikm.  p.  570).  Comp. 
Ai^thSax.  Cknm,  A.D.  912  (Ihid,  p. 
375)  aiidX<9yMfi6ery  (Thorpe*0  TraoaL) 
ii.,  p.  94  «gr.  The  Ohter  and  Bhoald 
of  tlie  FiBgliah  Cbranidet  are  veiy 
pfobably  the  Oiter  or  Ottir  and  Rag- 
nald  of  the  Iriah  (aeedi.  xztuL,  p.  81» 
and  note  ',  p^  39).  Thii  ia  rendeied 
the  moie  likely,  becaaae  Waterfoid 
Harbonr,  where  they  landed,  ia  eaaily 
reached  1^  aaiiing  due  weat  from 
South  Walea.    The  date  alao  agreea 


auffidently.  We  have  aeen  alao  that 
our  anthor'fl  atatement  (eh.  zxiz.,  p. 
85)  that  Otter  and  Baghnall  were 
both  killed  in  Scotiand,  ia  not  con- 
firmed  bj  other  recorda.    See  p.  Ixxii. 

1  Named,  These  are  Oibert,  Odninn, 
[Attdunn?]  Grifin,  Snuatgar,  Lag- 
mann,  Erolf,  Sitriuc,  Boidnin,  Bim- 
din,  LiagriaUch,  ToirlMrducli,  Eoan 
Bamn,  [John  the  Baron?]  Milid  Bun, 
[the  Knight  Bun?]  Soimin,  Snainin, 
and  the  Inffhm  Ruaidhy  which  ia  Ixiah, 
and  aigniiiea  the  red  or  red-liaired 
viigin.  Ezamplea  of  female  adven- 
turera,  taking  the  command  of  a  fleet, 
are  not  nncommon  in  Scandinayian 
hiatoiy.  The  Editor  haa  not  identiHed 
the  abore  named  chieftaina  with  any 
of  thoae  mentioned  in  the  Sagaa. 

^ChapUn.  Seep.48,chapa.xxxvii« 
xl. 


XCVl 


INTKODUCTÎON^. 


Battle  of 

Mnine 

Broccaiii. 


parties  of  the  enemy  were  victorious  over  the  native 
chieftains. 

The  first  of  these  was  the  victory  gained  by  the  fleet  of 
Ath  Cliath,  or  Dnblin,  and  the  sons  of  Imar,  în  the  battle 
of  Muine  Broccam,  a  place  now  unknown,  bat  probably 
in  the  coxrnty  of  Meath.*  In  this  battle  were  killed 
Buaidhri  {pron,  Rory)  O'Cannannain,  king  of  Tir  Connell 
(county  of  Donegal),  who  was  by  some  deemed  king 
of  Ireland,'  and  aroxind  him  fell  many  of  his  kinsmen, 
"  the  Nobles  of  the  North.**    This  event  is  carefttUy  dated 


^Meaih,  We  nuij  infer  thÎB  from 
the  fact,  recorded  by  the  Four  M. 
(A.D.  992),  that  the  foreignen  of 
AUi  Cliath  plnndered  Arâbr&ocan, 
Domhnach  Patrick,  and  Moine  Broc- 
cain.  Therefore,  as  the  two  fonner 
are  known  to  be  in  Meath,  Muine 
Broccain  was  probablj  in  the  aame 
oeigfabonrhood.  Comp.  4  M,  948  (p. 
668). 

*  King  ofIrdaindL  Rory  O'Cannan- 
nain  was  of  the  race  of  Conall  Gnlban, 
son  of  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hoatages. 
His  ancestor  Cannannan,  from  whom 
the  tribe  name,  was  the  son  of  Flaith- 
bertacb,  king  of  Ireland  (727-784.) 
See  the  Genealogica!  Table  in  0*Do- 
novan's  Bott/s  of  Magh  Bath,  p.  888. 
Roaîdhri  appears  to  have  anerted  his 
claim  to  the  throne  of  Ireland  in  947 
(946,  4  If.)  when  he  ^ined  a  battle 
oYer  the  legitimate  king,  Coilgalach, 
son  of  Maelmithigh,  who  was  sup- 
ported  by  Amlaf,  or  Olaf  Cnaran,  the 
Danish  king  of  Dublin.  This  was 
near  Slane,  in  Meath.  Two  yean 
afterwards  the  Danes  bnmt  the  belfry 
or  ronnd  tower  of  Slane,  in  which  pe- 
rished  Caenechar,  hoctor  (Ftrhighinn) 
of  Slane,  who  had  taken  refnge  there, 
with  the  crosier  of  his  patron  St.  Ere, 
a  sacred  beli,  and  many  relics.  0*Can- 
nannain  the  same  year  (949)  gained 
another  victory  0T«r  Ckmgalach,  whom 


he  redaced  to  great  stndtsţ  entering 
Br^a,  which  he  plundered.  JSe  en- 
camped  at  Mnine  Broccain  [Brogan^s 
Brake  or  shmbbery],  and  there  as- 
somed  the  name  and  authority  of  king 
of  Ireland  $  "  the  dues  of  the  king  ol 
Ireland,**  as  the  Four  Masters  teii  ns, 
"were  sent  him  from  eveiy  qnarter:*' 
his  own  people  gave  him  the  name  of 
king;  but  the  Annals  style  him  only 
Righ-domhna,  or  heir  appaient,  Le. 
eligible  to  the  throiie.  After  remain- 
ing  encamped  at  Muine  Broccain  for 
six  months,  he  appeais  to  have  been 
attacked  by  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  and 
was  slain,  after  a  bloody  battle,  in 
which  the  Danes  lost  Ivar,  tanist  or 
heir  apparent  of  their  chieftain,  as  the 
Four  Masters  eall  him.  Another  of 
their  chieftains,  Godfrey,  son  of  Sitrio, 
escaped  by  flight  The  Four  Masters 
make  the  victory  to  hare  been  on  the 
aide  of  Ruaidhri,  notwithstanding  his 
having  fallen  in  the  battle,  and  teii  ns 
that  6,000  of  the  fbreigners  were  slain. 
The  Ann.  VU,  nj  «*  2,000  vel  plus." 
0*Cannannain*s  pretensions  to  the 
throne  were  probably  founded  on  the 
fact  that  Congalach,  the  actual  king, 
was  of  the  Southern  Hy  Ndll,  and 
had  therefore  suoceeded  iriBgularly, 
his  predeceesor,  Donnchadh,  son  of 
Flann  Sionna,  having  been  also  of  th« 
same  race.    See  Append.  B.,  p.  248. 


INTRODUCnON. 


XCVll 


by  our  author :  it  was  thirty  years  after  Nial  Glundubh 
was  slain,  two  years  afber  Lachtin,  son  of  Goffraith,  was 
alain,  and  four  years  after  the  death  of  Muirchertach/ 
son  of  Niall  Glundubh,  the  hero  of  the  Leather  cloaks. 
It  was  the  year  in  which  the  foreigners  plundered  Cenn- 
annus*  of  Colum  Gille,  now  Kells,  eounty  of  Meath,  and 
also  the  year  in  which  Ceinnedigh,^  or  Kennedy,  son  of 
Lorcan,  king  of  North  Munster,  or  Thomond,  was  slain. 
These  eriteria  seem  to  indicate  the  year  949  or  950  as  the^ 
date  of  the  battle  of  Muine  Broccain. 

In  the  next  chapter  (xxxviii.)  is  recorded  the  death  of  Death  of 
CongaJach/   son  of  Maebnithigh,  king  of  Ireland.     He  Kingof 
was  slain  whilst  engaged  in  an  inroad  upon  Leinster,  ird*»^, 
with  the  nobles  of  Meath,  in  an  ambuscade  laid  for  him, 
by  the  Dublin  Danes,'^  under  the  command  of  Amlaff,  or 
Olaf  Cuaran,  son  of  Sitric,  king  of  Dublin.    This  was  seven 


1  Muirchtrtach,  Perha;»  we  should 
retd  «ix  înstead  of  four  years,  for  he 
was  alain  by  the  Danes  in  943.  See 
Circmi  of  IrtUtndy  p.  9,  aq,  The  nn- 
merals  iu  and  ni  might  be  easily  con- 
foonded.  It  is  curioos  that  our  author 
has  made  no  other  mention  of  this 
cdebrated  chieftaîn,  and  has  passed 
over  without  notice  his  manj  combats 
with  the  foreigners.  This  silence  was 
probably  the  result  of  partisanship. 
Mnircheartach  was  an  G'Neill,  and  a 
hereditaiyenemy  of  the  Munster  tribes. 
Lachtin,  son  of  Godfreyt  is  not  else- 
where  mentioned. 

s  CmmoHmu.  See  the  Four  M.  at 
their  year  949,  and  Ann.  Uit.  950  or 
d51. 

t  Cminei^A.  This  chief tain,  <  *  heir 
apparent  of  Cashel,**  i.e.  of  the  sove- 
reignty  of  Munster,  was  the  father  of 
the  celebrated  Biian  Borumha,  but  the 
date  of  his  death  ia  not  giyen  in  the 
authentic  Annals.  The  Dublin  Annals 
of  InisfaUen,  as  they  are  called,  men- 
tion his  death  at  961,  the  same  year 


as  the  plunder  of  Cennannus  or  Kells, 
and  the  other  churches  of  Meath,  re- 
corded by  the  Four  M.  under  their 
year  949  (=951). 

<  C<mg<Uach,  He  is  described  as 
**  king  of  Temhair  and  of  all  Erinn  ;** 
that  is,  king  of  Tara,  or  chieftain  of 
the  Clan  Colmain,  of  Meath,  and  also 
king  of  all  Ireland.  See  App.  B., 
Geneal.  Table  II.,  p.  246. 

fi  Dviblin  Danes.  The  Ann.  Uit.  say 
that  he  was  slain  by  the  foreigners  of 
Dublin  and  the  Leinstermen,  A.D.  965 
or  956,  at  Taig-giurann  iUaignib  [Le. 
in  Leinster].  The  Four  M.  (954)  speli 
thename  of  this  place  Ttgh-GighrttutHf 
[House  of  Gighran,]  and  in  the  B.  of 
Leinster  (folio  16,  6.  a)  it  is  written 
Ailen  Tighi  Gwrand  [island  of  Tech 
Giurand]:  this  explains  the  genitiTe 
form  Tigh^  in  the  other  spellings  of 
the  name,  which  is  otherwise  anomal- 
ous.  Mr.  Hennessy  snggests  that  the 
place  may  be  Inchicore  (formerly  writ- 
ten Inchi-gore,  for  InU'tigh-Gort),  a 
few  miles  from  Dublin,  near  the  Liffey. 

V3 


xcviii 


INTEODUCTION. 


yeara  afber  the  death  of  Buadhri  CCaimaDnain,  mentioned 
in  the  preceding  chapter,  and  therefore  in  the  year  956. 
Battie  of  The  battle  of  Cill-Mona  [church  of  St.  Munna],  now 
Cffl-Mona.  gjlmoon,  near  Dunshaughlin,  county  of  Meath,  is  next 
mentioned.  It  took  place,  our  author  says,  "  seventeen 
years"  after  the  death  of  Congalach,  which  would  give  its 
date,  973.  But  the  Annals*  do  not  agrea  in  this  Chron- 
ology.  They  give  us,  however,  the  additional  informa- 
tion,  that  Domhnall,  son  of  the  late  King  Congalach,  in 
alliance  with  Amlaff,  or  Olaf,  and  the  Danea  of  Dublin, 
had  in  this  battle  defeated  the  actual  sovereign,  Domhnall 
O'Neill,  his  father*8  successor.  It  appears,  therefore,  that 
he  had  been  tempted  by  an  alliance  with  the  Dublin 
Danes,  notwithstanding  their  slaughter.of  his  father,  to 
dispute  the  succession  of  the  Northern  Hy  Neill,  in  the 
hope  of  obtaining  the  sovereignty  for  himself.  But  his 
victory  on  this  occasion  did  not  secure  his  object,  for 
Domhnall,  son  of  Muirchertach  Leather-cloaks,  continued 
to  be  recognised  as  king  of  Ireland  imtil  his  death  in  980. 
The  chiefbains  slain  in  the  battle  of  Cill-Mona  are 
enumerated^  by  our  author,  as  well  as  in  the  Annals ; 


Chieftains 
flUin. 


1  AmnaU  The  Four  Mast.  C976)  say 
the  tvent7.8econdyearof  King  Domh- 
lUiU  [0*Neill]  or  22  yeara  after  the 
death  of  GoDgalacli,  i.e.  978 ;  but  the 
AnnaU  of  Ulster  record  it  under  the 
year  969  or  970,  which  would  be  only 
13  or  li  yean  after  the  death  of  Con- 
galach. 

*  EmtmdrateeU.  Theseare — l.Ardnl, 
son  d  Madacan,  (called  Ardgal,  or 
Ardgar,;8.  of  Kadadain,  Amu  UlL  969, 
fimr  M,  976),  king  of  Uladh;  who  is 
ţ)ie42ndkinginDr.Reeyes^8li8t.  Ecd, 
AniHq,j  p.  355.  2.  Donncuan,  8.  of  Mael- 
mnire  (called  Donnagan,  or  Donnacan, 
iUtheAnnaU),  The  Four  M.  give  him 
no  title.  The  Ann.  Uit.  caii  him  simply 
'^  Airchiiinech;"  and  our  author,  who  is 
foUowed  by  Keattng,  styles  him  "  King 
ol  AirgluaU,  or  OirghiaU,"  in  Louthand 


Monaghim,  called  Uriel  or  Oriei  by  the 
Engliah.  Its  boundaries  are  described 
by  Dr.  O'Donovan,  B.  ofjRiffhts,  p.  21, 
n.  ■.  3.  Cinaedh,  son  of  the  son  of 
Cronghaiile,  called  son  of  Cronghaille 
[Cronnelly]  by  the  Four  M.  and  Ann. 
Uit.  This  personage  ia  called  ELing  or 
Lord  of  Conaille  by  the  Annals,  and 
the  death  of  a  Cronghaiile,  Lord  of  the 
Conaille  Muirtheimhne,  the  inhabit- 
ants  of  the  leyel  plain  of  Oirghiall,  co. 
of  Louth,  is  mentioned  by  the  Four  M, 
at  935  (=937).  See  B,  qf  Bights,  loc. 
dt,  and  p.  166,  n.  i.  4.  Maelbrighde, 
son  of  Gairbith,  King  of  Ui  nEchdach, 
now  lyeagh,  co.  of  Down.  See  p. 
44,  ».  12,  and  Ueeyea^a  Eccles.  Antiq,^ 
p.  348.  This  ohieftahi  is  not  men- 
tioned in  the  Annals,  and  has  alao  been 
overlooked  by  Dr.  Keeves,  foc.   cit. 


INTRODUCTION. 


XCIX 


and  we  are  told  tbat  eight  yeare  after  this  battle,  the  two 
heirs  of  Ireland,  namely ,  the  heirs  of  the  Northern  and 
Sonihem  daimants  of  the  throne,  were  slain  ''  by  thexn  " 
ihat  is  to  say,  by  the  Danes  of  Dublin.  The  first  of  these 
waâ  Mnircheartach,  son  of  Domhnall  O'Neill,  heir  presump- 
tive  to  the  throne  of  Ireland,  in  the  line  of  the  Northern 
Hy  NialL*  The  second  was  Congalach,  son  of  Domhnall, 
Mid  grandson  of  the  King  Congalach  whose  death  in  an 
ambnscade  laid  by  the  Danes  haâ  jnst  been  recorded.* 
Thus  the  two  rivid  claimants  being  removed,  the  throne, 
on  the  death  of  Domhnall  O'Neill,  reverted  to  the  southem 
line  in  the  person  of  Maelseaehlainn,  or  Malachy  IL,  son 
of  Domhnall,  the  hst  of  his  race  who  ever  held  the 
undispnted  sovereignty  of  Ireland. 

A  battle  fought  in  Munster,  at  Cathair  Cuan,  by  Brian,  Battie  of 
is  assigned  to  the  same  year,  that  is  to  say,  the  same  year  q^^!^ 
in  which  the  two  heirs  of  Ireland  were  slain.  This  is 
the  battle  reoorded  by  the  Fonr  Masters,  under  the  same 
year  as  the  battle  of  Cill-Mona  (976=978).  They  do 
not,  indeed,  mention  Cathair  Cuan,'  but  they  describe 
a  batile  wherein  Donnabhain,  son  of  Cathal,  lord  of  Hy 


5.  FttguFiAl,  kingof  Godlaigfae,  or  of 
GifII|pB«|  wtaldk  is  pvobftbly  th«  tnie 
rMdbkg^,  â  district  in  the  co.  of  Louth, 
(bov  Cooi^y  Bee  nota  18,  p.  45, 
•Bdfiflerw  tM,  p.  809,  ilote  b.  This 
hm  life*  bctti  ilso  puted  over  witb- 
ort  aotiee  la  th«  Annals.  It  wfll  be 
obHTTvd  thât  «11  the  chieftaina  here 
anitfoiied  were  in  the  interest  of  the 
Nertheni  Hf  NielL 

iJVdrfAem  B9  NeUL  See  Qeneal. 
Tahle  I.,  t>.  S46  ta/hk 

*BiBo>tML  See  GeneeL  Table  U., 
^M6a;^  The Foar Maetei* give 
Iheteliicrf  tfac  two  heife  In  the  year 
ftf/bre  the  battle  of  Cfll-H <»a,  or  in 
«hdr  year  975  [«978],  and  teii  os 
that  thty  were  daSa  by  Amlaf,  eon  of 
8Hrie,  that  le  to  lay,  by  Olaf  Cnaxan. 
the  Amu  UU,  hare  the  mom  entry 


at  their  year  976  or  977  [•>978],  bnt 
place  the  battle  of  Cill-mona  e^fyean 
before.  Tighemach  datee  the  death 
of  the  two  heirs  977. 

*  CoMotr  Cnan.  This  piaee  haa  not 
been  identifiedt  the  name  signiilee 
**Fort  of  Cnan,**  perhapa  ffsm  Cnan, 
son  of  Conall,  chieftain  of  Hy  Fidh- 
gente,  who  was  slain  in  the  battle  of 
Cam  GonaiU  A.D.  649,  (71^  645, 
Fowr  M.^  Cathair  Cnan  is  mentloned 
eh.  Izir.,  p.  106,  wheaoe  we  iofer  that 
it  was  in  Hy  FIdhgente,  ea.  of  Li»e- 
rick,  B.  f>f  JlHgktit  p.  67,  a.  9,  and 
that  it  was  a  fttftrs»  of  DofBBabhan, 
or  DonoTan,  ^eftaln  of  the  Hy 
Cairbhre  Aebhda,  as  also  Imd  of  the 
Hy  Fidhgente  (see  Om^eaL  TcMe,  V., 
p.  949  ta/m).  Comp.  also  Fonr  M.  and 
Tigheraach  97a 


iNTRODUcrrioîr. 


Fidhgente,  in  alliance  with  the  Danes  of  Limerick,  waa 
defeated  by  Brian ;  and  we  leam,  from  a  subsequent  men- 
tion  of  it  in  this  work  (see  p.  103),  that  Donnabhain  was 
slain  at  Cathair  Cuan. 
Vîctoriasof  The  next  chapter  (xxxix.)  records  several  batilos  in 
^«  ■""•  which  the  Danes  of  Dublin  were  victorious  over  the 
native  chieftains.  The  first  of  these  was  a  victory  over 
Ugaire,  son  of  Tuathal,  king  of  Leinster,  at  Bithlann/  now 
Belan,  in  the  south  of  the  county  of  Kildare.  Another 
battle,  in  the  same  year  (where,*  we  are  not  told),  was 
gained  by  them'  over  the  Cinei  Conaill,  of  Tirconnell, 
county  of  Donegall ;  in  which  Niall,  grandson  of  Cannan- 
nan,  king  of  the  Cinei  Conaill,  and  other  chieftains^  fell. 

Two  years  after  this,  a  more  important  battle  waa 
fought  at  Temhair,  or  Tara,  against  Maelsechlainn,  or 
Malachy,  son  of  Domhnall,  who  this  same  year  (980) 
became  king  of  Ireland.  Our  author  admits  that  the 
victory  gained  by  the  Irish  chieftain  was  dearly  purchased. 
"  It  was  woe,"  he  says,  "  to  both  parties,  but  it  was  worse 
for  the  foreigners."  They  lost  in  the  battle  Ragnall,  son 
of  Amlaibh,  or  Olaf  Cuaran,  king  of  Dublin*  and  Conmael, 
son  of  Gille,  whom  our  author  calls  "  another^  high  king 


Battle  of 
Tara,  980. 


iBUhkmn.  This  battle  Ib  dated  977 
or  978»  Amu  UU,,  and  976  [»978] 
/Vwr  M,  In  it  fell  Ugaira,  king  of 
Leinitcr;  Mniredach,  son  of  Bian  (or 
Brian,  aa  Tighemach  calla  him),  king 
of  the  Ui  Ceinnaelaigli  (see  Bock  qf 
JUgkitj  p.  206,  fi.);  and  Googalach, 
son  of  Flann,  king  of  Lege  [now  Lea, 
Qneen*8  oo.]  and  of  Bechet,  [or  BCagh- 
Rechet,  now  Morett,  near  Maiybo- 
rongh,  same  oo.] 

^When,  Tlie  Four  ÎL,  976  (978), 
say  that  this  was  a  naTal  battle  on 
Loch  Eine,  gained  by  the  AiigfaiaUa, 
or  Oighialla,  over  the  Cinei  Conaill. 
So  also  Ann.  Uit.  977  (978).  Bnt 
they  were  probably  aided  by  the 
Danes. 

•jy  tkm:  Le.,  by  the  Danes  of 
Dublin.    Bat  see  p.  46,  note  <. 


«  Otker  €3ttefUttm.  Niall,  grandson 
of  Cannanann,  is  not  mentioned  in  the 
Annsls;  but  the  Foor  M.  record  the 
dcath  of  his  son,  A.D.  996  (=998). 
See  also  Dr.  O^Donovan's  ffy  Mim§, 
p.  885.  **  The  son  of  the  son  of  Con- 
gakch," onght  to  be  "son  of  Cooga- 
lach,"  aa  in  the  Ha  B.,  for  the  death 
of  the  grandson  of  Ccngalach,  in  the 
battleof  Cill-Mona,  was  reoorded,  chap. 
xzxriii.  In  like  manner,  **aoiLof  the 
son  of  Mnrehad  Glon-fri-lar"  ought  to 
be  **son  of  Mnrehad  Glon-frirlar,"  aa 
in  B.  and  the  Four  M.  He  wms  of 
the  race  of  the  Northern  CNeiU,  aad 
Heir  of  Ailech." 

*  AmoAtr,  The  name  Ccomael,  or 
Conamael,  son  of  Gilli,  is  decidedly 
Celtic,  and  the  MS.  B.  calls  him  simply 
Conmael,  omitting  the  worda  "  son  of 


INTRODUCTION. 


CI 


of  the  fordgners,"  together  with  "  all  the  nobles  of  the 
foreigners"  of  Dublin. 

One  of  ihe  most  important  consequences  of  this  battle  Coiue- 
was  that  Amlaibh  Cuaxan,  king  of  Dublin,  leaving  bis  ^J'S^ 
auihority  to  bis  son  Sitric,  quitted  Ireland  and  went  on  battle. 
a  pilgrimage  to  Hi  Coluim-Cille,  the  celebrated  monastic 
ialand,  now   corruptly   called    lona,    where    he    died.' 
Another  result  of  the  battle  was  that  the  Danes  were 
compelled  to  liberate  all  the  hostages  in  their  custody, 
ftnd  eepeciaUy  Domhnall  Claon,  king  of  Leinster,  whom 
they  hâd  taken  prisoner  more  than  a  year  before.    The 
aimalist  Tighemach,  and  after  him  the  Four  Masters, 
repreaent  the  liberation  of  this  chieftain  as  the  result  of  a 
second  attack  on  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  in  which  Malachy, 
in  conjunction  with  Eochaidh,  son  of  Ardgall,  king  of 
Uladh,'  besieged  Dublin  for  three  days  and  three  nights. 


OiOi,  another  high  king  of  the  foreign- 
cnL**  From  the  yarions  speUings  of 
this  name  in  the  Annals,  thera  ia  reason 
to  thmk  that  the  trne  raading  is  pre- 
mnă  in  the  Ann.  Uit  *^  Conamhal 
mac  Airrigan,**  which  may  mean  either 
"tonof  Aingalf^or  "aonof  anOirri[or 
nib-king]  of  foraignen.**  SeenotelS, 
pw  46^  mfra,  He  waa  in  aU  probabi. 
Htf  a  cfaiaftain  of  the  Gall-gaedhil  of 
the  ialct,  paying  tribute  to  the  Daniah 
Ung  of  Doblxn;  for  the  Ann.  Uit  and 
Foor  M.  tdl  UB  that  thifl  battle  was 
gtfattd  by  King  Malachj  "  against  the 
foRîgnen  of  Dublin  and  of  the  ialee,** 
le.  of  the  Sndreya,  Ide  of  Man,  &c. 
Hi  may  have  been  aon  (^  a  Gille,  for 
that  name  occnra  among  the  chieftains 
of  the  Sndreya.  (See  Bomt  Kial,  ii. 
p.  822,  and  Tndex).  Hghemach  calls 
him  Conmael  Mac  Qille  airre,  **son  of 
GOle  the  anl^-king.'* 

^DiedL  The  Fonr  M.  reooid  his 
"gtring  acroM  the  eea**  here,  and  his 
death  in  HI,  "after  penance  and  a 
good  Hfei**  the  year  foUowîng.  See 
rt^unw^  9S0.    This  Olaf  is  called 


Cuaran,  or  Olaf  of  the  iandalf  by  the 
Irish  Annalists;  Kiiaran,  Knoran,  or 
Quaran,bytheSagas.  SeeLemtbumay 
p.  42;  Fommaima  Sogur.  I.,  p.  149; 
NiaTs  Sagoy  p.  268  (cap.  cir.)  Lat. 
transL,  p.  590;  Laing's  Km^i  ofNor- 
toajf,  I.,  p.  899.  Dr.  Daseat  tranaiates 
the  name  "Olaf  ratOe,'*  Bumi  NiaU, 
11,  828;  bat  Cwtram  is  an  Irish  word, 
signifying  a  aock,  a  sandal,  a  shoe 
fastened  with  thongs.  Gyda,  rister 
of  Olaf  Cnaran,  was  married  to  Olaf 
Tryggrasson,  who  met  her  in  England, 
and  afterwaids  took  her  to  Ireland, 
liTing  "sometimes  in  England,  some- 
times  in  Ireland.*'— Laing,  M  m^to, 
p.  400, 417. 

s  Uladk.  See  Reeves,  Eeel  Aniiq,, 
p.  852-6.  Dr.  0*Conor,  in  his  tnms- 
lation  of  the  Annals  of  Tigemach  in 
this  place^  rsndera  "ifor  shtaiffed^ 
as  if  it  had  been  wrltten  Mon 
Luaiged,  and  translates  ^  Mors  Lngadii 
ocdsi  a  ICadsechlanno.**  The  tnie 
version  of  the  passage  is  this — "A  great 
bost  led  by  Ifaelsechlainn  the  Great, 
I  son  of  Domhnall,  king  of  Temhair,  and 


cil 


INTEODUCTION. 


Arrivalof 
the  sons  of 
Irar  in 
Limerick. 


Thisevent 
ont  of  ita 
place. 


Leaders  of 
thisfleet 


and  having  reduced  the  garrîson  to  submisaion,  recovered 
the  hostages,  indudiDg  Domhiiall  Claon.'  They  compelled 
the  enemy  aJso  to  pay  a  fine  of  2,000  oxen,  and  to  release 
the  Ui  Neill  from  a  tiibute,  which  it  aeems  had  been 
imposed  upon  all  their  territory  between  the  Shannon 
and  the  Bea.' 

The  next  chapter  (xl.)  records  the  arrival  of  the  sona  of 
Ivar  in  Limerick.  They  are  described  aâ  coming  in  corn- 
mand  of  *'  an  immensely  great  fleet^  more  wonderful  than 
all  the  other  fleets,  for  ite  equal  or  its  likeneas  never 
before  came  to  Ireland." 

Ohronologically,  however,  this  event  is  certainly  out 
of  its  plaee  in  the  narratiye.  The  phrase  "  there  came 
after  that/'  with  which  this  chapter  begins,  would  natur- 
ally  mean  after  the  events  recorded  in  the  preceding 
chapter ;  that  is  to  say,  after  the  battle  of  Tara,  A.D.  980. 
But  Ivar  and  his  sons  were  settled  at  Limerick  long 
before  that  year,  and  it  is  remarkable  that  no  mention 
either  of  the  exact  date  of  their  arrival,  or  of  the  immense 
and  wonderfiil  fleet  which  they  are  said  to  have  brought 
with  them,  is  found  in  the  Irish  Annals. 

The  leaders  of  this  fleet,  we  are  told,  were  "  Ivar,^ 
grandson  of  Ivar,  chief  king  of  the  Qaill,  and  his  three 
sons,  Dubhcenn  (or  Black-head),  Cu-allaidh  (or  WildDog), 


by  EodMidb,  aon  of  Jki^g^  king  of 
UiadWagtinAt  the  Gaill  of  Ath  Cliath, 
«nd  Shty  •hwirgad  tbsm  tbrae  da^s 
•ad.ihne  nights,  and  took  the  hos- 
tagee  of  Brinn  from  them,  together 
vUhDonhnall  G1m% Ung  of  Laighen, 
aad.iiith  theOMitugos  of  the  Ui  NeUl 
Ukflfmte  faind  they  exaoied  anhmis- 
•tioit frapa  the foveigaen^ie.  an  hondred 
.acun  os0Br  with  jeweb  and  gooda,  and 
tlia.fre«lam  of  the  Ui  NeiU  from  tri- 
bale ajeoţ  fromjfcheSiaQainn  [Shannon] 
.  to  4he  «ea.**  Tighmnachj  tA,  D .  980. 
^DoadmaUCIam,  Onranthorepeaka 
of  the  "  tFeachenma  conduct**  of  Am- 


laibh  towarde  thia  chieftam;  .what 
that  was  the  editor  ia  onable  to  explaiD. 

*  And  the  Stai  ie.,  from  the  Shan- 
non, acroas  the  preeent  ooimtieaof  Westi 
meath  and  Meath,  to  ibe  eaatera  lea. 

s/fNir.  TheO*Clei70rBiiipieU4lfS. 
(B),  reada  '*Amlaibh  mor  na  Imhalr,'* 
Amlaff  or  Olaf  the  Great,  gnmdion 
of  lyar ;  bat  thia  is  evidentjy  a  deiicăl 
mifltake,  and  the  lame  MS.,  in  another 
place,  speaking  of  the  death  of  this 
chieftain  calls  him  Ivar,  not  AnUaff. 
Ch.  Ixiv.,  p.  108.  .  See  also  p.  71. 
There  are  otber  ânatenoei  of  these 
names  being  inierchanged. 


iNTRObucrnoN. 


cm 


and  Aialt  (or  Haiold.)"^  They  entrenched  themaelves  on 
Inia  Sibhtond,  now  SLing^s  Island,  in  ihe  Shannon,  upon 
which  a  part  of  the  present  dty  of  Limerick  is  biult. 
From  this  position  they  plundered  all  Mimster,  "  both  Thdr 
churches  and  chieftainries,  ezacting  hostages,  and  levying  ^^P''"*'^^* 
black  mail,  under  a  well-oiganized  şystem  of  tax-gatherera, 
who  were  distributed  oyer  the  country  and  billeted  in  the 
hcuseB  of  the  inhabitants,  "  kings  and  ohiefi,  stewards 
and  baili£EB,  in  every  territory  and  in  every  chieftainiy/'' 
Of  the  excess  of  this  oppression  our  author  gives  a 
pathetic  and  somewhat  bombastic  accoimt,  in  ,which  the 
most  important  particular  notioed  is  the  impositionof  a 
nose  tax,'  in  addition  to  the  royal  tribute,  consisting  of 
an  ounce  of  silver  or  white  bronze^  **  for  every  noee ;"  and 
whoever  was  unable  to  pay  was  sold  as  a  slave. 
It  may  be  doubted  whether  this  glowing  description 


1  AraU  {or  BaroW)  The  Celtic 
names  Dabhoean  and  Cu-allaidh, 
were  donbtlefls  giyen  by  the  Irish  in 
acoorânnce  wîth  their  usual  practice, 
âs  deeciiptiTe  of  the  soppoeed  pecnli- 
aritiea  of  theae  chleftains.  The  annala 
mention  Dnbhcenn  and  Aralt,  bat 
tnbatitute  Amlaibh  for  Cu-aDaidh 
(Four  ÎL  975,  Tigem,  977);  which 
seema  to  indicate  that  AmlaflT  or  Olaf 
was  the  Scandinavian  nanie  of  thia 
latter  warrior.  Perhapa  he  was  the 
aame  aa  Oiaf  Cenncairech  (acabby 
hcad),  of  Limerick,  who  galned  the 
battk  of  Dnbhthir,  near  Athlone,  in 
981  Cd88),  over  the  Hj  Many.  He 
aflanrarda  aeltled  in  Loch  Ribh,  from 
wbcaoe  he  was  carried  oif  prisoner  by 
Olaf  aon  of  Godfrey,  of  Dnblm,  in  985 
(987>  FamrM. 
»  OkUfîamry.  See  p.  49,  $q, 
*  JVofe  fox.  An  oonce  of  rilver 
**for  every  nose**  is  probably  only 
another  way  of  saying  **for  every 
man.**  8o  in  the  poetical  acconnt  ef 
the  Gaffl  of  Dnblin,  attribnted  to  St 
Bcnen  or  Benignns,  of  Armagh,  we 


read  that  the  GailI  gave  tribnte  to  St 
PatriciL  "a  screapall  for  each  man,  an 
ounce  of  gold — an  onnoe  for  each  nose 
there — and  a  screapall  of  gold  for  each 
man."  R  o/Bî^u,  p.  229.  So  also 
TngHnffa  Sa^a,  c.  8  (iTeîmafo*.,  p.  18, 
Havn.,  1777>  "Um  alU  Svethiod 
gulldu  menn  odni  skattpenning  fyrir 
nef  hvert,**  which  Mr.  Laing  translates 
**so  mnch  on  each  head,**  althongh  it 
is  literaOy  "every  nose.  The  MS.  B. 
adds  that  he  who  conid  not  pay  had 
the  alternative  of  bdng  sold  as  a  slave, 
or  loeing  his  noee  (see  pw  60,  n.  18). 
Keating  improves  upon  this  by  tdling 
ns  that  the  noee  was  immediately  cat 
oflF,  withont  any  alternative ;  but  there 
is  no  anthority  for  this.  See  Lexieon 
Poet,  Lmg.  Sqftmt  Svemlfirm  EgOt- 
«on.  ffafn.,  1860,  voc.  NrfgOUL 

*  8Uoer  or  HfkiU  brotue.  Tfab  is 
the  readlng  of  B.  The  teM  -nada 
*' silver  Fhidrani "  (p.  51),  In  fvhieh 
phimse  (which  ocenra  agafn,  p.'95), 
the  word  Fmârum»  seemi  to  be  «»d 
BB  an  adjective  for  well  polUied,  ema- 
mented  (dndne  sîgniflei  embroidered); 


CIV 


INTRODUCTION. 


WM  originally  intended  to  apply  solely  to  the  jKdicy 
pursued  by  tiie  sons  of  Ivar  of  limerick.  If  ibeir  arrîval, 
aa  we  have  good  reason  to  suspect,  is  an  interpolation  in 
ibis  place,  there  will  be  notbing  to  limit  tbe  oppiession 
spoken  of  to  tbe  Danes  of  Limerick;^  and  indeed,  altbougb 
tbe  plunder  of  Munster  is  particularly  mentioned,  yet  it 
is  distînctly  stated  tbat  tbe  organization  of  a  steward  or 
bailiff,  billeted  on  the  principal  cbieftains  and  fiaimers  of 
tbe  country,  extended  to  all  Ireland,^ 

Tbe  foreigners  of  limerick,  by  wbom  tbe  Primate 
Forannan  was  carried  off  to  tbeir  ships  from  Cluain  Com- 
ardba,'  were  Norwegians,  or  Wbite  Oentiles,  not  Danes. 


bnt  utnilly  fimlrwM  is  a  sabctan- 
tive,  and  denotes  a  metal  of  some  kind. 
In  p.  115|  it  te  mentioned  among  gold, 
silTer,  precious  stoneSţ  taken  aa  spoil 
from  the  Danea.  It  is  the  metal  of 
which  "leg  armonr'*  was  made  (^Battk 
o/Magh  Lena,  p.  113),  and  the  rim 
(conibit)  of  a  shield,  Sickbed  of 
CWcAiilatim(AtIantis,Ko.8,p.lld).  ''A 
bed  of  Findrnine,**  xxA^  piiTiiviiine, 
Le.  a  bedstead,  or  box  made  of  this 
metal  npon  which  a  bed  might  be 
laid,  is  mentioned  in  the  L^gend  of 
Goitmlaidhe,  Muodl  Cekic  Soc,  p.  77, 
79.  The  word  is  also  written  ţMnn- 
litiitti  (Petrie  <m  Tara,  p.  198),  pînn- 
bfiQitne,  and  pnnt^ume,  in  which 
latter  f  onn  it  occnxs  in  the  Irish  V er- 
aion  of  the  Bible  to  denote  copper  or 
bimsB,  Ezra  viiL,  27;  Rey.  ii.,  18.  The 
Crotier  of  St  Aodh  mac  Bric  was 
made  of  Finnbmine,  which  is  glossed 
.1.  pţiof  "i*^  brasB."  Martjfr,  Doneg,, 
Introd.,  p.  xlL 

^  lÂmirick,  See  above,  eh.  xxxvL 
Keating  who  qnotes  this  passage  (with 
soma  abridgement),  nnderstands  it  to 
refer  to  all  Iraland,  and  places  it  in 
the  times  of  Tnrgesins,  to  whom  he 
attrOmtes  this  organixation  of  a  sol- 
diar  In  erery  hoose,  &c«  (yMakoi^s 
TVtMfL,  p.  507.  In  this  he  is  fol- 
lowed   by    Lynch,    liacGeoghegan, 


0*Halloran,  Warner,  Moore,  and  aH 
onr  modem  Mstorians. 

*  Irtkmd,  The  words  "moreoTer 
he  ordained,**  p.  49,  line  18,  are  abmpt, 
and  strongly  indicate  the  loss  of  some- 
thing  in  the  text ;  for  the  sentences 
preceding  are  in  the  plural  ^^tkey 
plnndered,*"  ^^iheg  took  hoetagea,** 
"â^  bronght  nnder  iadescribable  op- 
preasion  ;^'  theneomes  a  sudden  cbangr 
to  the  singular,  without  its  being  said 
who  he  was  who  ordained  kings  and 
chiefs,  stewards  and  bailiifs,  in  eveiy 
territoiy.  The  same  thing  is  told  of 
Turgesins.  But  it  is  remarkable  that 
the  prophecies  applied  by  oor  autfaor 
to  that  chiefUin  (see  p.  8-12),  speak 
of  "Black  Gentiles  of  Dnblin,*'  and 
partîes  of  "Danars  of  black  ships.**' 
Therefore  we  may  reasonably  con- 
clude that  the  oppreasions  intended  by 
thoae  supposed  predictions  belong  t» 
a  later  period  than  the  times  of  Tur- 
gesins, when  the  Dansn  or  Danea  bad 
establlshed  their  power  in  Dublin  and 
Limerick. 

*  CUiain  Comardha,  "Lawn  of  the 
Sign  or  Token."  Dr.  Reeves  haa  le- 
oently  identified  this  place  with  Gol- 
man's  well,  a  Tillage  in  the  barony  oC 
Upper  Connello,  in  the  southem  boitlcr 
of  the  connty  of  Limerick. 


j 


INTRODUCTION. 


CV 


They  were  in  possession  in  the  times  of  Turgesiufl,  that  is 

to  say,  prior  to  the  year  845.    But  Ivar,  grandson  of  Ivar, 

seems  to  have  been  of  the  Black  Qentiles,  or  Danes ;  and 

although  the  exact  date  of  his  arrival  is  not  recorded  in  our 

annals,  he  is  spoken  of  as  being  chiefiain  of  the  QailI  of 

limerick,  in  930,  so  that  he  must  have  landed  with  his  sons 

before  that  year.  ^  Therefore  the  paragtaph  at  the  beginning 

of  chap.  xl.,  which  records  his  arrival  at  limerick,  has  been 

misplaced.   It  ought  perhaps  to  have  heen  inserted  in  con- 

nexion  with  the  arrival  of  the  "  imtnense  fleet"  which 

came  with  Tamar  Mac  Elgi,  as  we  have  seen,^  about  the 

year  922.    Indeed  it  is  probable  that  Tamar's  fleet  acted 

in  conjunction  with  the  fleet  of  Ivar  and  his  sons,  for 

both  occupied  Inis  Sibhtbnn,  and  We  read  of  no  conflict  or 

jealousy  between  them  on  the  arrival  of  the  latter  party. 

Tamar  or  Tomar  mac  Elgi,  howevâr,  seems  to  have  been 

chiefiain  of  the  limerick  Danes  for  two  or  three  years' 

only,  and  was  succeeded  apparently  by  the  dynasty  of  Ivar 

and  his  sons»  in  or  about  the  year  930. 


>  nai  Year,    The  Foar  11,  at  928, 

929  (=A.D.  930,  981),  teU  iu  that 

tbe  gnndaon  of  Ivar  was  encamped  in 

eommiBd  of  the  f  orelgnenof  Limerick, 

at  Magh  Rolgfane,  a  plaîn  in  Ossory, 

wliitber  Godfrej  of  Dublin  went  in 

the  latt  mentioned  year  to  diaplace 

ium.     In  963  (967)  Mathgamhain, 

or  Mahonn,  brother  of  the  celebrated 

Brian  Bonimha,  găina  a  rictory  over 

the  QaîD  of  Limerick,  acnd  pAimdets 

tbeir  itronghold,   Inie  Sibhtonn;  in 

969  (971)  he  ârires  them  from  Inia 

SfUitonn,  altogether.  They  then  took 

nfoge  nu   the  pther  islanda  of  the 

Shannon,  making  their  stronghold  in 

Inis  Cathaigh  (now  Scattery  Ishind, 

at  the  moath  of  the  Shannon),  where, 

potwithstanding  the  sanctity  of  the 

pbee,  Irar  and  his  sons,  Ohsf  and 

Dnbhoenn,  were  attacked  by  Brian 

in  977  (4  Jfoft  and  Tigern,),  or  by 

his  alKee  the  O'DonnelIs  of  Corca- 


bhaisdnn  (pb  108).  The  death  of  Ivar 
and  his  sons  is  recorded  by  onr  author 
(chap.  Iziv.),  at  a  date  whidi  corre> 
sponds  to  A.D.  977,  978.  So  that 
Ivar^s  career  waa  qoite  run  ont  before 
the  battle  of  Tara. 

*  We  ha/oe  eeen,  See  chap.  xzxiii« 
pb  39f  and  p*  xdii.,  tupra, 

*  Two  or  throe  yeare.  In  922  the 
fleet  of  Limerick,  commanded  by  Mac 
Ailgi,  was  on  Loch  Ri,  and  plnndered 
Clonmacnois  and  the  islanda  of  the 
Lake.  In  923  or  924  Godfiey,  grand- 
son of  Ivar,  came  from  DnbHn  to  attack 
the  Limerick  foreignen,  and  a  great 
number  of  his  people  wera  slain  by 
Mac  Ailgi.  In  927  or  928  Mac  Ailgi 
had  hia  fleet  on  Loch  Keagh  when  he 
plmidensdthe  islandsand  the  sniionnd- 
ing  countiy.  These  notices  occor  in 
the  Ann.  of  Ulster.  Dr.  O'Donovan 
(Book  of  Righta,  /nlr.,  p.  zlL)  quotes 
from  the  Annals  of  Clonmacnois,  under 


CVI 


INTRODUCTIOK. 


The  gnat  It  is  remarkable  that  our  author,  notwithstanding.  ihe 
^ţhe°"'^  bittemess  of  his  lamentation  over  the  succeas  of  the 
Dones.  victors,  aad  the  iron  rigour  of  their  rule,  gives  them, 
witbout  reserve,  the  praise  of  valour ;  he  admită  that  Ihe 
Irish  kings  and  chieflaiiis,  with  all  their  heroism,  were 
unable  to  cope  with  the  stnmgers,  the  superiority  of 
whose  arma,  defensive  and  offensive,  together  with  "  the 
greatneas  of  their  achievements  and  deeds,  their  bravery, 
their  valour,  their  strength.  their  venom.  aad  their 
ferocity/'^  rendered  them  invincible  to  the  feebler  powers 
and  inferior  nnmbers  of  the  Irish  ;  espedally,  he  adds,  as 
they  were  animated  by  an  "  excess  of  thirst  and  hunger" 
for  the  bays,  rivere,  cataracts,  the  fruitful  smooth  plains, 
and  sweet  grassy  land  of  Ireland 
J^f'^»^*  But  this  distinct  admission  of  the  invincible  prowess  of 
or  Dai  the  enemy,  and  the  superiority  of  their  annour  and  dis- 
cipline, seems  only  intended  to  enhance  the  author's 
panegyric  upon  his  own  tribe  and  its  chieftains,  by  whose 
valour  and  perseverance  the  power  of  the  enemy  was 
ultimately  undermined.  These  were  the  Clanna  Luigh- 
dech^  or  desoendants  of  Lughaidh  Menn,'  son  of  Aongus 
Tirech,  of  the  race  of  OiliolI  Olum,  the  eelebrated  king  of 
Munster  in  the  third  oentuiy.  They  weie  otherwise 
called  Dai  Cais  Boromha,  or  race  of  Cas  mac  Tail, 
grandson  of  Lughaidh,  called  Borumha^'  some  say  from 
the  name  of  a  village  near  Eillaloe.  They  were  one 
of  the  two  pillars  of  nobility,  one  of  two  honses — (the 


Cili. 


the  Tear  922,  the  f ollowing  notice  of 
his  death :  "Tonumir  mec  Ailchi,  king 
of  Denmark,  ie  reported  to  hsve  gone 
to  hell  with  hii  paixu,  as  he  desenred." 
The  date,  however,  ia  prohably  wiong, 
being  the  date  of  hîi  airival  in  Inland, 
not  that  of  hîa  death.  He  ia  not  men- 
Uoned  in  the  annals  after  928,  and  it 
ia  remarkable  that  in  930,  Ivar,  grand- 
son of  Ivar,  is  first  named  as  leader  of 
the  GaiU  of  Limerick;  so  that  Ivar 
appea»  to  have  arrlTed  immediately 
after,  or  just  before  the  death  of  Mac 


▲ilgi,  and  to  haTe  aneoeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  Limerick  gaxriaon. 

^i^eroct^   Seep.fi3. 

*  lAigkaidh  Âfemn,  See  p.  51^  and 
note  14;  also  GeneaU  Table  III^  No. 
5,  p.  247. 

^Borumka.  BealBonmihn'*Pa«of 
Borumb,**  or  Ath  na  Bonmiha,  **Foid 
of  the  Bonunh."  See  Dr.  O^Bricn's 
IriahDictfinvoc.  Othen  dariTe  the 
name  Boromh  from  the  oelebnted 
Bommean  or  eow  tribnte  of  Leinatcr, 
re^ored  b^r  Brian.   Faur  M.  A.  D.  106, 


INTRODUCnON. 


CVll 


Eoghanachts  of  Cashel*  being  the  other) — ^by  whom  wşre 
sustained  "  the  mie  and  sovereignty  of  Ireland."  But  the  Theîr  pre- 
Clazma  Lnîghdech,  ve  are  told,  excelled  all  other  tribes  ®""'^**- 
in  Ireland ;  "  as  a  bright  watch  tower  shining  above  all 
other  lights  of  the  earth  ;  as  a  clear  fountain,  or  a  spark- 
ling  fire,  excels  the  lustre  of  the  most  brilliant  gems ;  as 
the  bright  sun  outshines  the  noblest  stars  of  the  sky  and 
firmament.'** 

The  privileges  and  prerograti ves  of  thîs  iUustrious  tribe  '^^  P^»- 
arethen  described.    They  were  exempt  from  all  taxes, 
hostages,  rents,  and  fees  to  the  kîng  of  Cashel,  or  any 
oiher  chieftain^   "so  long  as  Erinn'  was    not  theirs." 
They  were  bound  in  honour  to  defend  the  king  of  Cashel 
«gabflt  aggreaaion,  ahd  to  support  his  rights  against  the 
daîms  of  I^eth  Cuinn,  the  Northern  half  of  Ireland,  that 
is  to  say,  against  the  chief  kings  of  Ireland,  or  of  Tara, 
who  were  of  the  O'NeiU  race,  and  whose  sovereignty 
over  Munster  was  disputed  by  the  descendants  of  OilioU 
Olum.    The  Dai  Cais  were  privileged  to  take  the  place 
of  honour  in  war,  that  is  to  say,  to  occupy  the  van  in 
entering  an  enem/B  countiy.  and  to  guard  tlie  rere  in  a 
reiareat.^  They  had  "  an  alternate  right  to  Cashel,"  that  is,  Their 
the  kings  of  Cashel  were  to  be  chosen  in  alternate  suc-  ^^^^ 
ceanon  from  the  descendants  of  Eoghan  M6r  and  Connac  Cashel. 
GaSy  of  which  last  race  the  Dai  Cais  of  Thomond  were  the 


pi  lOQi  and  A.D.  690,  note  p.  298-9, 
The  name  ol  Dai  Caia  ia  commonly 
deriTed  from  their  more  remote  fm- 
oator  Connac  Caa,  aon  of  Olioll  Olum 
(see  Geneai  Table  III.,  No.  2).  But 
if  ao  the  njune  wonld  have  helonged 
to  many  tribea  bendes  the  race  of 
Logbaidh.  Caa  mac  Tail  (aee  GeneaL 
Table  UI.,  Ha  8,  p.  247)  iacaUedby 
CFlahar^  "Dalcaaaionun  stirpe,**  or 
aooestor  of  the  Dai  Caia  of  Thomond. 

^  Eos^kmatkUofCa$h£l  SeeGeneal. 
Table  IV.,  p.  248.  Thia  trîbe  waa 
deaoendad  and  had  ita  name  from 
Eoghan  M 6r,  aon  of  OOIoll  Olum. 


s  Fimameni.    See  p.  55. 

s  Erwm,  Ferh*pa  we  shonld  read 
"so  long  aa  CatM  waa  not  theira," 
i.e.  when  the  kmg  of  Cashel  was  of 
the  Engenîan  and  not  of  the  Dai  Caa- 
sian  race.  But  onr  anthor  probably 
intended  to  inainnata  that  the  king  of 
Cashel  wu  tkjvre  king  of  Ireland,  and 
that  to  be  king  of  Cashel  waa  virtuali/ 
to  be  king  of  Ireland. 

^  BeiretU,  See  theae  privilegea  in 
the  Book  of  Bights,  tub.  :  ezemption 
from  tribttte  to  Caahel,  pp.  68-67 ;  the 
place  of  honor  at  feasts  and  in  war, 
pp.  69,  71,  81. 

h2 


•  •  • 

CVUI 


INTBODUCnON. 


most  celebratecL  Thifl  was  în  aocordonce  with  the  will  of 
OilioU  Olum,*  the  fitther  of  Eoghan  and  Cormac  Gas,  who 
is  said  to  have  imposed  thîs  rule  uponhis  poBterity,  a  role 
which  proved  a  perpetuid  sonrce  of  discord,*  and  was  veiy 
irregularly  obeerved.  Two  bardic  poems  in  support  of 
these  privileges  of  the  Dal-Cais  are  then  quoted,  one 
attributed  to  the  femous  Cormac,  son  of  Cuilennan,^  king 
and  bishop  of  Cashel,  who  was  slain  at  the  b^inning  of 
the  tenth  century;  and  the  other  to  Cuan  O'Lochain,* 


iQUioaOhm,  SeeBookqfRighU, 
p.  72,  ifc  O-jBtoWiy  C%«^M  P- 826.  In 
y  allAncey*»  CkfUectanea  de  rtbtu  Btbar- 
meii,  voL  I.,  Nob.  8  and  4,  the  reader 
will  find  an  able  dissertation  on  the 
Ulw  of  TaniBtiy,  or  alternate  succes- 
sion,  which  in  part  4  is  iUnstreted  bj 
the  case  of  the  alternate  snocession  to 
the  throne  of  Munster,  in  the  Eoghan- 
acht  and  Dai  Cassian  desoendants  of 
OilioU  Olum.    8eep.286,fi. 

^JHtcord,  Thediacordisoontinned 
in  the  pens  of  the  historians;  the 
anthon  of  the  Eoghanacht  race  ignore 
all  the  kings  of  the  Dal-Cais }  and  the 
Dal-CasBÎan  chieftains,  from  the  su- 
perior power  of  theur  rivals,  seem  to 
have,  in  fact,  enjojed  very  little  more 
than  their  own  hereditary  territory, 
with  the  empty  dium  to  thesovereignty 
of  Munster,  under  the  will  of  OilioU 
Olum.  See  Dr.  0*Brien*s  remarks  on 
thissubject.  Yallaneey's  CoUect,  î&u/., 
p.  441,  sg.  469-476.  Veryfewkmgsof 
Munster,  of  the  Dal-Cassian  race  are  on 
record,  and  even  of  these,  it  is  probable 
that  some  were  in  fact  only  lords  of 
Thomond,  and  are  styled  Ungs  of 
Munster  bywriten  of  their  own  dann 
only.  8eeO*Cun7*si:.«ceiiref,p.218. 
KăOmg  {reign  of  Flmm  Sumna), 
aUaJum^»  TramL,  p.  62a 

*  Cormac  son  qfCmlmman.  Hewas 
of  the  Eoghanacht  or  Eugenian  race, 
desoended  from  Aongus,  son  of  Kat- 


fraich  (see  Table  IV.,  No.  7,  p:  248.) 
His  deacent,  aa  given  by  the  books  of 
Leinster  and  Lecan,  is  asfoUows:  s.  of 
CuUennan,  s.  of  Selbach,  s.  of  Algenan, 
s.  of  Eodiadh^  s.  of  Cohnan,  s.  of 
Donnchadh,  s.  of  Dubhinrecht,  s.  of 
Furudhran,  s.  of  Eochadh,  s.  of  Bresailf 
s.  of  Aongus.    He  was  slain  in  908 
(Four  M.),  920(Ann.Ult),  at  the  battle 
of  Belach  Mughna,  in  Magh  AUbbe 
(ttow  Ballaghmoon^bridge,  in  the  S.  of 
the  co.  Kildaie,abont  halfway  between 
Castledermot  and  Carlow).    Keating 
relates  a  curious  anecdote  to  the  eff ect 
that  when  his  own  tiibe,  the  Eoghan- 
acht of  Cashel,  refused  him  food  and 
treasure  for  the  celebration  of  Easter, 
Cormac  was  UberaUy  suppUed  by  the 
Dal-Cais,  both  being  equally  fxte  from 
any  legal  obUgation  to  pay  him  tribute. 
O'lfoAony's  TVtHwZ.,  p.  520.  Thismay 
account  for  his  f avourable  reoognition 
of  the  rightsof  theDal-CaiSfiutheTerae» 
quoted  by  our  author,  if  indeed  they 
are  really  his,  which  may  be  doubted. 
*  OLodunn.    See  above,  p.  zxt., 
n.  2.    He  was  murdered,  A.D.  1024, 
in  Tebhtha,  or  Teffia,  an  ezteusiYe 
district  in  the  K.W.  of  the  ancirat 
province  of  Meath.    See  A  of  SSgkU^ 
p.   11,  n.,  180,  «.     The  family  of 
Oliochain  were  chieftains  of  Gailenga» 
a  part  of  Teflia,  now  reprasented  by 
the  baronies  of   MorgaUion,  co.  of 
Meath,  and  Clankee,  in  the  oo.  off 


INTBODUCrnON. 


CIX 


*"  chief  poet  of  Eriim  and  Alba"  (Ireland  and  Scotland),  in 
the  times  of  Brian  Borumha. 

We  have  next  (eh.  xlv.)  the  genealogy  *  of  Brian  and  his 
elder  brother  Mathgamhain,  who  are  described  in  bom- 
bastic language  as  the  two  fieroe,  magnificent  heroes,  the 
two  stont,  able,  valiant  pillars,  who  then  govemed  the 
Dalcassian  tribe ;  Mathgainhain,  in  virtue  of  his  seniority, 
being  the  actual  chieftain,  and  Brian  his  destined  successor 
or  heir  apparent.  These  great  heroes  r^lved  to  submit  no 
longer  to  the  oppression  and  tyranny  of  the  foreign  in- 
yaders  ;  they  transported  their  people  and  chattels  across 
the  Shannon,  westwards,  where  they  dispersed  themselves 
in  the  forests  and  woods  of  the  country.' 

A  haraRsing  war  of  skînnishing  in  the  woods  of  Tho- 
mond'  WBS  then  carried  on  for  some  time  with  the  for- 
eignera,  in  which  no  quarter  was  gîven  on  either  side, 
for  "  there  was  no  termonn  or  protection  fix)m  the  foreign- 
ers,  and  it  waâ  woe  to  either  party  to  meet  the  other.**^ 


Geneilogy 
of  Brian. 


Mathgamh- 
ain, after 

hHTfffflrfffg 

war&n, 
makeaa 
trace. 


CsTan*  He  was  therefoie  murdered 
bj  bÎ8  own  kinsmeii,  which  made  the 
deed  more  heinons.  See4if.  The  Ui 
Lochain  were  deBoended  from  Connac 
GaOeng,  aon  of  Tadhg,80ii  of  Cian,  son 
of  OilioU  Olum,  and  tlierefora  were  of 
the  «une  great  Mnnater  family  as  the 
Dal-Cais.  QwCvaerfnJBataeo/Magh 
Lema,  p.  175. 

^Gmeaiogg.  See  Table  III.,  p.  247. 
Mathgamhafai,  as  has  been  alreadj 
lemarked,  ie  prononnced  MaKoon, 

*QfAeeomUry.  Onr anthor saye, p^ 
£9  **in  the  wooda  of  the  three  tribes 
(mociii),  that  were  there,'*  or  perhape 
we  thonld  tranaUte  ''the  three  Haic&es 
that  were  there.**  These  were  the  de- 
acoidanis  of  Gonmac,  aon  of  Fergna 
Rogina  and  Mand,  queen  of  Connacht. 
Tbiee  tribes  of  the  Conmaicne  were 
settled  west  of  the  Shannon,  ▼iz. :  Con- 
maicne-Ciiile-tola,  now  the  bftronj  of 
Kihnalne,  co.  ef  BCayo;  Connaiene 


Dvnmor,  N.  of  the  oo.  of  Galway,  and 
Coomafcne  mara  (the  Conmaicne  of 
the  sea),  now  Conemara.  A  fourth 
tribe  of  the  same  race  was  settled  in 
the  COS.  of  Longford  and  Leitrim. 
CFUAeiiy,  Ogyg^  p.  276.  The  Bnia- 
sds  MS.  B.  reads  '*the  three  UattUne,'^ 
instead  of  Maeni,  But  the  districte 
called  Uaithne,  were  S.  of  the  Shan- 
non. They  are  now  the  baroniee  of 
Uaithne  or  Owncy-beg,  in  Limerick, 
and  Owney  and  Arra  in  Tipperaiy. 
B,qfJiiff^p.AB,n,  There  are  only 
two  districte  called  UaUhne^  and  '*the 
three  MmcnCâ^  ia  oertainlj  the  trae 
reading. 

•  Thomtmd.  The  district  of  Thomond 
(which  is  theanglidzed  pronnndation 
of  TuaOHmmkain  "NorthMunster,") 
is  represented  nearly  by  the  presant 
oonnty  of  Clare.  See  0*DonoTan*s 
note,  Book  qfBighti,  p.  260. 

«  Tk€  atker,    See  p.  59. 


cx 


INTEODUCriON. 


Brian 

coDtinnes 

thewar. 


At  length  tired  out  with  this  kînd  of  warfistre,  Mathgamh- 
ain  made  a  temporaiy  tmoe  with  the  enemy. 

Brian,  however,  refîised  to  join  in  this  trace.  He 
retumed  to  the  forests  of  Thomond,  and  continued  to 
carry  on  the  same  sort  ofguerilla  warfaxe  fo,m  the  deserts 
and  caves  of  Ui-mBloit.*  He  laid  waste  the  cjountry 
fiom  Loch  Derg  Dheirc  to  the  river  Fergos,  and  from 
SHabh-mEchti*  to  Tratraighe  or  Tradry.'  This  latter 
place  was  fixed  upon  by  the  foreigners  of  Thomond,  or 
North  Mnnster,  as  Htie  head  quarters  of  their  troops ;  they 
fortified  Tratraighe  with  earthworks,  and  filled  it  with  a 
strong  garrison,  in  order  to  conquer  from  thence  Tho- 
mond, or  the  present  coimty  of  Clare,  and  Ui  Conaill,*  or 
Connello,  south  of  the  Shannon,  in  the  comity  of  limerick. 
Between  this  garrison  and  Brian's  followers  perpetuai 
skirmishes  and  mutual  annoyances  were  kept  up,  until 
Brian  was  driven  to  the  greatest  extremities,  and  at 
length  he  found  his  army  reduced  to  fifteen  men.^ 


1  Vi-mBJofU.  The  regîon  inluibited 
bj  the  Ui-mBloit,  the  decendants  of 
Bloit,  Blait,  or  Blod,  son  of  Cas  mac 
TaO,  ancestor  of  the  Dai -Cais  of  Tho- 
mond (see  Tahle  UI.,  Ko.  9,  p.  247). 
This  district  is  in  the  co.  of  Clare, 
N.E.  of  the  diocese  of  Klllaloe,  and 
the  name  is  preserved  in  that  of  the 
mral  deanery  of  Omelode  or  OmnUed. 
lÂber,  Seg.  Vintat,  1619.  Four  3f., 
A.D.  1598,  p.  2088,  note  b. 

miahhr^mEehil  KowSliereBanghta, 
or  the  Bonghta  momitains  in  the  co.  of 
Galway,  on  the  borders  of  Clare.  For- 
gns,  now  "Fergns,  is  a  river  whîch  rises 
in  the  K.  of  the  baronyof  Inchiqtun,  co. 
of  Clare,  flowing  by  the  town  of  Ennis, 
and  falls  into  the  Shannon  below  the 
▼illage  of  Clare. 

«  Tradiy,  See  p,  xlî.,  n.  <•  Tra- 
traighe was  originally  the  district 
ronnd  the  town  and  Castle  of  Bun- 
ratty.  It  is  cnrions  that  the  English 
adventnrer,  Thomas  de  Clare,  in  1277, 


selected  this  place  as  his  military  head 
quarters,  and  biiilt  the  Castle  of  Bnn- 
ratty,  with  the  same  object  in  view 
which  the  Danes  had  when  they  for- 
tified themselves  in  the  same  spot, 
namely,  the  conqnest  of  Thomond. 

<  Ui  ConaiîL  The  country  inha- 
bited  by  the  Ui  Conaill  Gabhra,  or 
desoendants  of  Conall  Gabhra.  (Tab. 
V.,  No.  10,  p.  249.)  It  îs  now  re- 
presented  by  the  baronies  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Connello,  together  with 
the  present  baronies  of  Shanid  and 
Glenqoin.  See  R  qfRigkU^  p.  76,  m. 
Comp.  p.  Ixxzy.  and  note,  p.  81. 
See  also  p.  xli  gupra, 

<  FyUm  mm.  Ova  anthor  qnalifies 
this  statement  by  "historians  aay," 
or,  according  to  the  reading  ol  B., 
**  there  are  historians  who  say.**  This 
does  not  imply  that  Autorums,  in  the 
more  dignified  sense  of  the  word,  had 
already  b^gnn  to  preserve  a  formal 
record  of  these  erents.     The  Iriah 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXI 


Hearing  of  his  brother's  disasters,  Mat.hgaTnha.iTi  sent  to  Poeticai 
hîm  to  request  an  înterview.    When  they  met,  Brian  re-  Jî^?^! 
proached  Mathgamhain  for  having  made  a  tnice  with  the  am*f 
eooemy.     An  interpolation  in   the  O'Clery  or  Brussels  ^^^^^ 
MS.  gives  a  poeticai  dialogue  between  the  two  brothers, 
in  which  Mathgamhain^  asks  the  canse  of  Brian's  coming 
almost  alone,  and  where  he  liad  left  his  foUowers.    Brian 
answers  that  he  had  left  them  on  the  field  of  battle,  cut 
down  by  the  foreigners ;  that  they  had  followed  hîm  in 
hardship  over  every  plain, — "not,"  he  adds,  "like  thy 
people/'  who  had  remained  inactive  at  home.    He  then 
gives  a  short  accoiint  of  his  exploits,  and  concludes  by 
the  reproach  that  neither  Cennedigh,  their  £Either,  nor 
Lorcan,  their  grandfather,  for  the  saJee  of  weoUthy  would 
have  been  so  quiescent  towards  the  foreigners.      This 
seems  to  intimate  that  Mathgamhain's  "  qniescenoe"  had 
arisen  trom  some  interested  motive,  an  interpretation 
which  is  confirmed  by  Mathgamhain's  answer — 

**  This  is  pride,  O  brave  Brian, 
Thy  mind  does  not  consider  consequences ; 
Thj  care  and  thonghts  are  not  on  wedUh^ 
And  yet  methinks  thon  ari  alone." 

In  other  words,  "  pride  has  made  thee  despise  all  prudent 
oonsiderations,  and  what  hast  thou  gained  by  it,  since 
here  thou  art  now  without  followers,  and  alone  î"^ 


Sm&oatdk^  or  Shanadiy ,  which,  for  wtnt 
of  a  hetter  word,  we  tnmdato  historian, 
waa  an  offic«r  attached  to  great  famî- 
liea.  He  itinerated  among  the  clan, 
nlathig  the  deeds  of  his  chieftain,  and 
aometimeft,  bot  not  alwayB,  committing 
them  to  writing.  We  are  not,  there- 
fon,  to  inier  that  any  great  length  of 
time  was  necenary  between  the  events 
themaelTes  and  their  befaig  reoorded 
by  aach  "Mstoriana.** 

1  MaOigtmhidii.  This  poeticai  ao- 
eoost  of  the  oonTenatlon  is  attribnted 
to  Ifathgaiahafai  himaeH 

•  JXmm.    See  eh.  zlvl,  pp.  S2>S5. 


One  or  two  remarks  are  neoeasaiy 
upon  this  poem.  In  ver.  1.  Brian  is 
caUed  **  Brian  o/ Banda,"  Le.  of  Ir»- 
land,  Banba  bdng  one  of  the  poeti- 
cai names  of  IieLmd;  see  Keating, 
O^Mahong's  Tnmtl,  Book  L,  eh.  i., 
p.  79,  «y^  Craig  lAaA  (Grey-stone), 
now  Craig-lea,  or  Cairick-lee,  is  a  r&- 
nuurkaUe  rock  near  Killaloe,  celebrated 
in  Irish  faiiy  lore  as  the  dwelling 
place  of  Ambkiim  (incorrectly  Aoibh- 
111),  the  Banshee  or  family  sprite  of  the 
Dal-Oais,  espedally  of  the  O^Briens; 
see  Feit  TXgke  Chmam,  edited  by  Mr. 
Nicholas  O'Keamey  (Ostianic  Soc.), 


1 


cxu 


INTBODUCTIOK. 


Prose 
aoooiint  of 
the  iame. 


Then  follows  (eh.  xlvii.)  a  prose  account  of  the  same 
interview  between  the  brothers,  which,  although  in  some 
places  probably  interpolated,  is  doubtless  the  uarrative  of 
the  original  author,and  the  source  fix)m  which  the  poetical 
dialogue  was  taken.  Brian  reproaches  Mathgamhain  for 
having  made  peace  with  the  foreigners.  He  asserts  that 
theîr  conunon  grandfather,  Lorcan,  son  of  Lachtna,  would 
never  have  made  Buch  a  truce,  seeing  that  he  had  denied 
it^  to  his  own  countrymen,  Maelseachlainn,  son  of  Mael- 
manaidh,  king  of  Ireland,  and  to  the  five  provinces'  of 


1855,  p.  188,  A,  and  oomp.  the  editor's 
Introd.,  p.  98,  tq,  Perhaps  Brianta 
answer,  '*I  have  left  them  on  Craig 
Liath,**  may  signify  "I  have  left 
them  în  the  other  world — the  world 
of  faiiies  and  spirite."  The  names  of 
several  Daniah  chieftains  slain  hj 
Brian  are  mentioned:  Bima  (Biom); 
Edoium^  or  Eodmm  (Andnnn);  EUut 
(poasibly  Eylifr);  and  Elgvn  (per- 
hape  Helgi);  we  do  not,  however, 
meet  these  names  elsewhere  in  the 
present  work.  Brâintir  is  a  district  în 
ţhe  co.  of  Clare,  near  Slîeve  Callan,  or 
Cnllane,  about  flvemiles  E.  of  Killtown 
Malbay.  It  is  called  Breintir  mbwdn^ 
durable,  oreverlasting,  from  its  moun- 
tainoiis  and  ropkv  character. 

>  Denied  it.  The  words  txtdic;!!! 
and  THXCttl)  translated  **  sabmisdon 
and  tribnte,**  p.  66,  onghţ,  perhaps^ 
to  have  been  rendered  "protecţion 
and  delay,"  meaning  a  delay  of  hos^- 
lities,  and  protection  doring  the  trace. 
'01'DiTi,  or  'Di'Dean,  signlfi^s  protec- 
tion, shelter ;  and  'oacilt,  <^  written 
•Dditi  ÎB  delay,  respite.  The  general 
meaning  of  the  passage  certainly  is, 
that  he  who  refnsed  all  tmce  or  com- 
promise with  his  own  countryfnen, 
when  they  invaded  liis  territoiy,  wopld 
never  have  made  peao$  with  a  foreign 
enemy,  who  had  taken  f orcîble  posse»- 
/don  of  the  oomitry. 

*  Fwe  jfTovinoet*    It  will  be  recol- 


lected  that  the  andent  Meath 
originally  one  of  the  provinces  of  Irs 
land;  0*Flaherty,  Ogygia,  pp.  24,  25, 
804.  Onr  author^s  chronology  is  here 
greatly  at  fault,  if,  indeed,  as  is  most 
probable,  the  mistakes  are  not  rather 
to  be  attribnted  to  his  transcribers 
and  interpolators.  Lorcan,  son  of 
Lachtna,  grandfather  of  Brian,  could 
not  possîbly  have  been  a  contempo- 
rary  of  Maelseachliunn,  son  of  Mael- 
manaidh,  or  Maiachy  I.,  who  died  in 
868.  Brian  was  bom,  acoording  to 
the  Four  M.,  in  925,  or,  according  to 
the  more  probable  date  of  the  Annals 
of  Ulster,  în  941.  AUowing  80  yean 
to  a  generation,  this  would  give  865 
as  the  year  of  Lorcan*s  birth,  or,  if 
we  adopt  the  later  date  of  Brian*s 
birth,  881.  In  neither  caae  ooiild 
liorcan  have  had  any  warfare  with 
Maiachy  I.;  and  it  is  equally  im- 
possible  thaţ  Maiachy  II.  can  be  in- 
tended,  for  he  b^gan  his  rdgn  în  980, 
at  which  tiipe,  Lorcan*  if  living, 
would  have  been  at  least  100  jears 
old,  Perhaps  we  should  read  (p.  67), 
**  He  who  gave  not  snbmlssion  or  tri- 
bute  to  [the  son  of]  Maelaeachlaion, 
son  of  Maelmanaidh,"  meaning  Flann 
Sionna,  who  reigned  from  879  to  9l6w 
Keating  represents  Lorcan  as  contem- 
porary  with  Cormac  mac  Cuîlennain, 
who  was  dain  in  908,  or,  according 
po  the  Annals  of  Ulster,  in  920.    Ac- 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXIU 


Ireland,  and  would  not  grant  them  a  truoe,  not  even  for 
as  mach  time  "as  would  have  suffioed  to  play  a  game  of 
chesB  on  the  green  of  Magii  Adhair;"*  neither  would  he 
aUow  the  seven  great  batialions  four  days  and  four 
nightB  to  bum  Ath  TJ  Doghair.     He  appeals  also  to  bis 


eording  to  Keatingt  Connac,  fore- 
Mong  his  death,  doiîgiiated  Lorcan 
mac  liafhtn»  hU  sucoenor,  on  the 
gioand  that  the  Dal-Cais  had  never 
had  their  lawfvl  toma  of  aorereigntyf 
aooordîiig  to  the  will  of  OilioU  Olum. 
OMohom^»  TVcBif.,  p.  823.  Lorcan, 
it  la  needleas  to  say,  was  **  king^  of 
Thomond  onty,  and  nerer  sacoeeded 
to  the  throne  of  Mnnster ;  but  another 
Lorcan,  aon  of  Conligan,  of  an  allied 
tribe  (the  Hi  Faflbbe)  of  the  Eogha- 
nacht  branch,  became  king  of  Mmuter 
in  920  (=922),  aocoiding  to  the 
Foor  M.  (See  above,  p.  xciii.,  and 
note  *.)  He  ia  not  indiided,  however, 
In  0*l>ubhagain*a  poetîcal  liat  of  the 
kmgs  of  Muuter,  aitbough  that  îs 
an  Keghanarht  aooonnt.  The  chion- 
olqgy  and  oider  of  fnocemon  of  the 
Mmstflr  chieftaîns  at  thia  period  ia 
▼eiy  cqnfnaed  and  imperfect  See 
App.  B^  p.  24L 

^MaghAdkait,  Thia  w»8  the  oelo* 
biBtad  pUin  in  wliich  ia  itill  to  be  aeen 
the  monnd  where  the  chief  taina  of  the 
Dai  Caia  iran  inangorated  nnder  an 
ancient  tvee  (bile)-  Thia  tfee  waa 
iqvooted  by  King  Maelaeachlahm,  or 
ICalndij  IL,  in  982  (Jigk),  ia  con- 
tampi  of  the  Dai  Cala.  MaghAilhaÎT 
«an  fiiat  idntified  by  Dr.  O'Donoran; 
it  ia  aitoated  aboat  four  mika  W.  f 
Tnlla,  Ui  the  co.  of  Claie.  See  arcuit 
rf  MmrckamiaA,  p.  47,  iVwr  M,,  981, 
n.  S  p.  714.  Dr.  CConor,  in  J^hâr- 
<  (loc.  dt.),  apella  thia  name  Jfo^A- 
and  tţmnalatea  it  Camput 
In  hia  Foor  M.  (loc- cit ) 
ha  apaUa  it  cociactly,  Magk  Adkair^ 
bnt   retain»  hia  former  iranalation. 


The  Iriah  traditiona  derive  the  name 
from  Adhar,  aon  of  Umor,  a  chieftain 
of  the  Fir  Bolga,  who  had  settled  in 
the  present  coontiea  of  Clare  and  Gal- 
way  bef oie  the  arrival  of  the  MUeaiana 
in  Ireland.  See  0*Donovan'a  note  ', 
Fovr  M^  1699,  p.  2104. 

The  singular  mode  of  deecribing  • 
shoit  time  aa  ^*  the  time  neoeaaary  for 
playing  one  game  of  chess  on  the  green 
of  Magh  Adhair,*'  ia  probably  an  allu- 
aion  to  an  invasion  of  the  Dai  Caaaiaa 
territory  by  Flann  Sionna,  monarch 
of  Ireland,  dnring  the  reign  of  Lorcan, 
son  of  Lachtna,  king  of  Thomond. 
Flann  haring  encamped  on  the  plaia 
of  Magh  Adhair,  osteatationaly  oom- 
menoed  a  game  of   chesa  with  hia 
coarUers  to  show^hia  securiţy,  and  aa 
a  mark  of  contempt  for  the  cbieftaina 
of  the  comitry.    But  he  was  aoen  sar- 
prised  and  ignominionaly  defeated  io 
an  action  which  lasted  for  three  days. 
Thia  atoiy  ia  told  by  Dr.  O^Biien,  from 
what  he  calls  the  Book  of  Mnnater, 
Fo/Amccy'*  CoUect,  toI.  i.,  pw  450.    Ii 
ia  probahle  that  the  allnaion  to  Ath  U 
Doghair  leUtea  to  the  same  tranaao- 
tion.  FUnn  Sionna  waa  kept  too  hotly 
engaged  for  the  three  or  foor  daya  of 
the  battle— (the  Ma  B.  haa  thiae  daya 
and  foor  nighta)— to  have  time  to 
bnm  Ath  U  Doghair — ^tha  name  aig- 
nifies  F«id  of  U,  or  Ui,  Doghair;  somo 
now  obacnie  and  foigotten  faodly  oC 
the  district    The  place  haa  not  been 
identified.  The  aeven  great  familiea  of 
Connaoght,  herecalled  ^^theaerengreai 
battaliona,"  are  ennmerated  by  0*Fla- 
herty,  (^K^.»  p.  175;  and  see  Wui 
Cfmmmghi^  by  Hardiman,  p.  125,  jţ. 


CXIV 


DîTRODUCnOK. 


more  remote  ancestors,  Lugaidh  Mezm  and  Corc.  The 
former  of  these  had  never  yielded  "  eren  the  leveret  of  a 
hare"  to  the  tribe  of  TIaman  Tuathbil,^  and  treated  wiih 
oontempt  the  three  batialions'  of  Conoaaght,  until  he 
had  gained  seven  batUes  over  them,  killed  seven  of  their 
kingSy'and  driven  them  firom  Cam  Feiadaich  to  Ath  Lucait, 
that  is  to  say,  from  the  present  coimties  of  limerick  and 
Clare.^  Corc  is  described  as  the  first  man,*  that  is  the  first 


1  Tlaman  Tuaihbil  O'Dabhagam, 
in  liiB  Topographical  Poem,  mentions 
the  MuinUr  Tlcmaif^,  or  Cinei  Tlamain, 
as  a  tribe  seated  somewhere  in  West- 
meath;  but  the  exact  seat  of  their 
territoiy  ia  unknown.  In  one  place 
Mag-Aedha  (or  Hagee)  ia  mentioned 
as  their  chieftain,  and  his  brandi  of 
the  territoiy  seems  to  have  been  a 
part  of  Teffia;  (Topogr.  Poemt,  pp. 
3,  11.)  In  another  place  (tbid^  p.  18), 
O^Mmreadhaigfa,  or  Mniray,  Is  tpoken 
of  as  their  chieftain,  and  lus  territory 
as  part  of  Corca-Adhamli,  now  in- 
clnded  in  the  baronii  liagherademon, 
00.  of  Westmeath.  Thia  tribe  was 
descended  from  Tlaman,  whose  pedi- 
gree Is  giyen  in  fifteen  generations  from 
Nlall  of  the  Nine  Hostages ;  Book  pf 
Leotm^  fol.  69,  b.  b. ;  HPFirbU  Om^ 
ofe^MS,  p.  176.  The  Hnintir  Tlamain 
were  aUied  to  the  tribes  of  Gomura^t ; 
bnt  it  is  not  easy  to  explain  iirfay  they 
are  called  ToathbiL  llie  word  is  pro- 
bably  inaocarately  wiitten,  and  may 
have  been  meant  to  signify  nortkerfy 
or  northwardt;  if  so,  the  Hnintir 
TIaman  may  hsv^  been  divided  into 
northandsQoth.  Ur.  W.  ÎL  Hennessy 
aoggests  that  the  meaning  of  the  pas- 
aage  may  be  this:  '^Lngaidh  Menn 
gnarded  Us  tertitory  so  wdl  that  he 
nevw  aUofped  ao  mndi  as  the  levent 
of  a  han  to  go  northwards  (eacctbit) 
to  the  Sil  Tlaman."  But  the  text  Is 
certainlyoorrapt  Imgadh  Menn'Uwi 
abont  A.D.  800. 


*  7%ree  hattaUons.  Alluding  to  the' 
tripartite  divisionof  Connanght  by  ita 
flrst  inhabitants,  the  Damnonii,  a  tribe 
of  the  Fir  Bolg,  or  Belgiana.  See 
O'Flaherty,  Ogysf-j  P- 175,  269;  Keat- 
ing  ((TMakot^s  Tnuul),  p.  89,  265. 

*  Kings.  This  story  of  seven  batties 
and  seren  kings  looks  rery  milike 
anthentic  Mstoiy ;  bnt  it  is  giren  by 
Dr.  O'Brien  from  his  ^  Book  of  Mnn- 
ster."  (Valbme^,  CoUecL  l,  p.  481.) 
The  HS.  B.  haa  "ao  that  he  kiUed 
their  king,**  whîch  seems  more  pio- 
bable.    See  p.  66,  n.  *. 

<  Clare,  Cam  Feradaich,  aooording 
to  Dr.  0*Donovan,  is  a  Cam  on  the 
monntain  of  Seefin,  S.W.  of  Kilmal- 
locic,  on  the  conlines  of  the  oomities  of 
Limerick  and  Cork ;  but  Dr.  0*Bile& 
says  that  Cam  Feradaich  ia  Knock- 
Abie,  in  Limeriok;  FUIaiMMy,  CoUtei, 
i.,  p.  482.  Ath  Lncait  (now  Loehid 
Bridge)  îs  în  the  north  of  the  berony 
of  Inchiqnin,  parish  of  Kilkeedy,  eo. 
of  daie.  Thomond  itms  origîittBy 
part  of  Connanu^t,  althongh  aottih  of 
the  line  from  Galway  to  Dnblin  whidi 
separated  Leth  Hogha  from  luth 
Cainn.  As  befaig  hi  Leth  Hogha,  H  Vas 
daîmed  by  the  Dal<<!!ai8,  andfordbly 
taken  from  the  Coonanght  tribes  by 
LngiddhMeim.  SeeO^Flaherty.C^. 
(iîL,  82),  p.  886. 

«  Tke  fim  'mm  lliis  shows  that 
Corc,  «m  of  Anluan,  gieât  grand&rther 
of  Cenncideiţ^  or  Kennedy,  the  fsther 
of  Brian,  must  have  been  ifjttended,  for 


INTEODUCTION. 


CXV 


of  ihe  Dal-Caifi,  who  routed  the  foreigners;  ''the  mau 
alfio  who  fought  eight  battles  in  defence  of  Munster,  and 
of  L%h  Mogha  (ihe  souihem  half  of  Ireland)  in  general." 
Thifi  wafi  not  the  man  io  bnx^  an  insult,  or  make  an 
inglorionâ  tnioe  with  the  enemy,  as  Mathgamhain  had 
dona 

MathgaTnha.in's  answer  was  remarkable  for  its  moder-  Mftthgun- 
ation.    He  admitted  the  truth  of  what  Brian  had  said ;  ^^^^'* 
but  added,  not  without  some  spice  of  satire,  that  seeing 
ihe  superiority  of  the  enemy,  in  nnmbers  and  in  anns,  he 
saw  no  advantage  in  leading  his  followers  to  certain  des- 
truction,  as  Brian  had  done. 

Brian  replied  that  he  had  followed  the  example  of  his  BrUm'» 
anoestors  in  sacrificing  eveiything;  risking  his  life  and  the  ^^' 
extermination  of  his  dan,  rather  than  submit  to  insult  or 
contempt  from  an  enemy.  But  his  ancestors  had  never 
set  him  the  example,  which  Mathgamhain's  Qonduct  had 
sanctioned,  of  abandoning  their  inheritance,  without  a 
contest^  to  "  dark  foreigners  and  black  grim  Qentiles." 

The  immediate  result  of  this  conferenoe  was  that  Math-  The  trflw 
gamhain  assembled  the  tribe,  and  having  stated  the  case,  "^^^^  ^' 
pat  it  to  ihem  whether  they  would  have  peace  or  war.  The 
unanimous  voice  was  for  war ;  and  they  marched  at  once 
(eh.  xlix.)  into  the  country  of  the  Eoghanacht,  the  present 
oounty  of  Keny,  then  occupied  by  the  enemy.  The 
Eoghaiiachi,  or  native  tribes  of  the  countiy,  as  well  as  the 
Mnscraighe,^  joined  the  Dalcassian  standard,  from  Dim- 


war. 


he  Ihred  at  tha  tima  when  the  Scandi- 
naTJan  fleeta  flnt  made  their  appear- 
anee  on  the  coaaU  of  Ireland.  See 
note»  p.  66f  and  p.  zxxiiL,  n.  *. 
The  wozde  "Coic,  son  of  Cas,  eon  of 
AjUoQ  Oluiiii,*'  in  the  text  aie  there- 
ion  cormpt.  They  do  not  occur  in 
the  MS.  B.,  and  are  probably  the 
maiginal  note  of  some  ill-informed 
reader  or  tranacriber,  afterwaxda  copied 
into  the  text  The  Annala  pnaerve 
no  reeord  of  the  mgM  hattlee  here 


epokin  ol.    The  nomber  niay  or  may 
not  becorrect. 

1  Mnâoraigke,  Thk  tribeirere  the 
deaoendants  of  Cairbre  Hnec,  king  of 
Ireland  in  the  third  ccBitiny.  Their 
territoiy  ia  repretented  by  tiie  piMont 
baronies  of  Bait  and  Weet  Modccny, 
00.  of  Cork;  and  by  thoee  of  Clan- 
william  and  Upper  and  LowarOmond, 
00.  of  'npfierary.  See  p.  Uzi.,  n.  K 
And  there  ireie  abo  otber  dktlfcta 
caUed  HuMsaighe. 


CXVl 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Danes 


na-Sciath'  to  Belach  Accailli.  Mathgamhain  [pron, 
Mahoun]  succeeded  in  obtaîning  possession  of  Cafihel, 
and  encamped  at  Dun  Cuirc'  the  year  afber  the  death  of 
Donnchadh,  son  of  Cellachan,  king  of  CasheL 

In  this  expedition  the  settlements  of  the  enemy  in  every 
part  of  Munster  were  plundered  with  great  slaughter. 

This  aroused  the  limerick  Dane&     Ivar  resolved  to 

DmîSJ**  ^^^^-^^T  ^®  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^^^  Dalcassian  country,  and  to  exter- 
minate that  tribe,  as  the  only  means  of  recovering  his 
power.  There  were  still  native  chieflains  and  clans  who 
adhered  to  the  Danish  dynasty,  and  were  ready  to  foUow 
the  standard  of  Ivar  rather  than  submit  to  the  mie  of 
the  Dal-Cais.  "The  great  mnster  and  hosting  of  the 
men  of  Munster,  both  Qaill  and  Gaedhil/'  followed  the 
summons  given  them  by  the  Limerick  Viking,  and  they 
came  together  to  the  appointed  place  anxions  to  depopulate 
Dal-Cais  "  so  that  there  should  not  be  of  them  a  mau  to 
guide  a  horse's  head  over  a  channel,  or  an  abbat  or  vene- 
rable  ecclesiasticin  all  Munster,  who  was  not  made  subject 
to  the  foi^igners  within  the  four  points  of  Munster." 


i  Jhm-^ta-Seiaih.  **Fort  of  the 
Sbielda,**  a  fort  which  gare  its  name  to 
the  preşent  townland  of  Donaakeagh, 
in  the  parish  of  Bathlynin,  barony  of 
Clanwilliam,  co.  of  Tipperary.  Bdach 
A^ocaUli  (load  of  Aocaill)  ia  prohably 
a  cormpt  apeUing.  Dr.  CDonovan 
coigectnredthat  it  ong^tto  be  Belach 
Eochaille,  the  andent  name  of  the 
road  f rom  lismore  to  Eochaill,  now 
TooghaL    Fmir  Jf.,  2S7. 

*J)m  Cmre.  **The  fortresa  of 
Gorc,"  a  fort  at  Caahel  (and  indeed 
a  name  of  Caahel  itaelf),  from  Gonafll 
Gorc,  king  of  Mmuter,  ion  of  Olioll 
Flanbeg,  who  fint  adected  Caahel  aa 
the  njâl  f ortreea  of  Monater.  0'F]»> 
h«rty,  0^.,  p>  382.  Thia  Mwna  to 
imply  that  Mathgamhain  on  this  oo- 


caaion  became  kmg  of  Cfluhel;  the 
anthor  of  the  Lîat  of  Kinga  (eh.  ii.) 
having  aiready  aet  down  Donncfaadhf 
son  of  GeUachan,  aa  hia  «"*"*^»ntT 
predeceaaor.  Thia  wonld  gxre  964  aa 
the  dato  of  Mathgamhain*a  acoaaaioB ; 
for  Donnchadh  died  in  968  (961,  Fcmr 
If.)  If  it  be  a  mistake  that  Donn- 
chadh was  king  of  Munster,  aa  we 
have  endeaTonred  to  show  (Api».  B., 
pp.  289,  240),  there  mnst  have  been  a 
short  interregnnm  aftor  tlie  mnrder  of 
Fergraidh  (wiio  waa  slain  bj  hin  own 
people),  961  to  968.  Probably  dur- 
ing  that  time  Donnchad  and  Hsth- 
gamhainhad  both  dalmed  the  tfarona, 
each  being  conrfdered  king  by  hia 
own  foDowers. 


INTRODUCnON. 


CXVll 


Some  of  the  chieftains  who  resisted  this  inovement,  and  chiiftAins 
dedared  tbemselTes  în  &vour  of  the  Dal-CaiS)  were  put  to  ^^JJJ^Sj 
death^  by  Ivar  and  his  followers  (chap.  L) ;  but  Maolmuadb  Dai-Cais 
[pron.  MoUoy],  son  of  Bran,  king  of  Desmond,  and  Donn-  §^^ 
abhan    [pron.  Donovan],  son   of  Cathal,  king  of   Ui 
Cairbhri»'  were  amongst  the  moet  zealous  enemies  of  Math- 
gamhain,  and  united  their  foroes  to  those  of  Ivar.    They 
were  actuated,  our  author  adds,  not  so  much  by  any 
fikvour  to  the  cause  of  the  foreigneiB  as  by  hatred  and 
jealousy  towards  the  Dal-Cais. 

Matbgamhadn  and  Brian»  hearing  of  this  confedenicy,  The  Dai- 
Bummoned  their  followers  to  a  council  of  war  at  CaaheL  S^wwf " 
It  was  resolved  to  march  to  Cnamhchoill,*  a  place  near  the 
piesent  town  of  Tippeiary,  where  it  seems  the  enemy 
were  encamped.  At  this  criticai  moment  an  important 
aoziliaiy  arrived,  Cathal^  son  of  Feradach,  chieftain  of 
the  Delbhnar-m6r/  '*  the  king-soldier  and  champion  of 
Erinn,"  with  an  hundred  well  armed  men.    The  Delbhnas, 


^I\aioJkatk,  The chieftainamuned 
Fadan,  ktog  of  the  Deici- 
Hamluui,  or  Deciee  of  Mtmtter.  The 
Foor  ÎL  give  964  (=966)  as  the 
yaar  ol  hia  deatb,  whieh  ăgreea  with 
our  antbor'B  chnmology.  2.  Flathri, 
aon  off  ADmoraii,  king  of  Heaaad. 
&  Sideehad,  or  Sididum,  aon  of  Segni, 
king  of  TitiD  [TiocO],  B.]  The  two 
laStar  *'fc<<'<^*î««  aie  not  mentioned  in 
the  Annala;  nor  hare  the  diatricts 
calledRcaadand  Tltfll  been  identifled. 

•  Ui  Omrbkri.  For  the  dewoit  of 
Maftiiri'*'"'  and  Donnabhan,  aee  App. 
B.,  GeneaL  Tables  IV.  and  V.  The 
tmtiUary  of  the  Ui  Cairbri,  deioend- 
aota  of  Calibre  Aebhda  (Tab.  V.,  Ko. 
8),  oompriaed  the  barony  of  Coahma, 
and  aloog  the  weat  lide  of  the  rirer 
Maigu^  from  Bmree  to  the  Shannon, 
co.  of  Limerick. 

B  Cmmikckoa,  i.e.  •«Haale,  orKnt- 
wood,**  now  Cleehoin,  or  CMghfle,  fai 


the  barony  of  Qaniriniam,  pariah  of 
Kilahane,  ea  of  Tipperary,  aboat  a 
mile  and  a-half  east  of  the  town  of 
Tipperary;  (fDtmowmf  Sttppkm,  to 
OrHmO^  in  TOC  Ord.  Surv^  Map, 
Simt  67.  Cnamhchoill  ii  mentioned 
by  Keating,  CtMakm^'»  TrmiL,  p.  92. 
Haliday,in  his  TVoiMt,  p.  189,  angU- 
cises  the  word  JtfMNoAOl.  Bat  he 
intflnded  this  merdy  to  give  the  pro- 
nonciation,  not  as  the  modera  name 
of  the  plaoe. 

^  DMma-mSr,  The  name  of 
Delbhna,  or  D0M11  is  given  to  MTiral 
districU  inhaUted  by  tribes  dssosnded 
from  Lngaidh  Delbh-n-Aodh  (pron. 
Dely-nae),  son  of  Gas  mac  TaiL  The 
DelTÎns  wore,  therefoie,  doeely  allied 
totheDalCals.  SeeGenealogiealTable 
III.,  p.  247.  Some  enumerate  flve(see 
p.  76),  and  othen  aeven  Delvins,  or 
Delbhnas.  (/FUAmn9,0g^,;^Zi^\H$ 
iToRf,  p.  88;  B.^RigkU^  p^  107,  n.  P. 


CXVm  DîTBODUCnON. 

« 

or  Del vins,  were  near  relativeB  of  the  Dai  Oais,  and  came  to 
support  iheir  kinsmen.  The  occasion  waa  of  such  import- 
anoe  that  the  absent  individualfi  of  the  clan,  even  thongh 
they  may  have  been  in  the  service  of  Ifaelseachlainn  of  the 
Southern  O'Neill,  and  Aedh  of  the  Northern  O'Neill,  aU 
flocked  in  to  answer  the  summons  of  their  chieftain,  and 
to  support  their  dan  in  this  emergency  (p.  75).  When  they 
hadall  airivedasecond  coiincilof  warwas  held,  and  it  was 
detennined  unanimously  to  risk  a  general  engagement  at 
Sulcoit,'  near  the  town  of  Tipperary.  This  place,  as  its 
name  appiies,  waa  at  that  time  probably  a  hrge  wood  of 
sallow  tree&  It  was  about  five  miles  westward  o( 
Cnamhohoill  where  the  enemy  had  encamped,  and  its  trees 
afforded  the  shelter  so  necessary  for  the  aggressive  war- 
fare  of  the  period. 
GoDftitn-  It  appears  incidentally  finom  this  narrative  that  the 
h^^UmL  ^^^^®  body  of  the  clan  were  summoned  to  decide  upon 
the  question  of  war  or  peace.  Every  petty  chieftain  of 
eveiy  minor  tribe,  if  not  eveiy  individual  clansman,  had 
a  voice,  not  only  in  this  primary  question,  but  also  when 
war  was  declared,  in  the  questions  arising  upon  subse- 
quent  military  operations.  This  conatitution  of  the  dans 
was  one  of  the  evils  of  ancient  Ireland.  It  weakened 
the  power  of  the  kings  or  supreme  chieftains.  The  kings 
or  chieftains  were  themselves  chosen  by  the  dan,  although 
the  choiceof  the  danwaslijnited  tothosewho  poasessed  a 
sort  of  hereditary  right,  often  va^e  and  open  to  dispute, 
and  complicated  by  a  comparison  of  the  personal  merita 
of  rival  daimants.  It  is  not  wondeiful  that  such  elec- 
tions  ahould  have  led  frequently  to  abiding  animosities 
and  faction  flghts,  ending  in  savage  bloodshed.'    To  this 


^Meait,  or  Salooit,  p.  7&  This 
wordiignifiesa  Sallow-wood,  SaUcetwn. 
Coit  (WdBh,  Coed)  ifl  a  wood.  The 
fite  M  this  wood  is  stOl  marked  hy 
the  two  pariahefl  d  SoUoghod-beg 
and  SoUoghod-more,  în  the  harony  of 
OUnwflliam,  oo.  of  Tipperary,  aboat 
2|  mfles  N.  and  N.W.  of  the  town 


of  Tipperaiy.  See  CDonoran,  Aqh 
plem,  to  O'ReiUff^  «n  ooe.;  and  Ccrmac 
Glossarn  (ed.  Stokes),  p.  41,  in  Tooe 
8al<Auait 

*  Bhodthei,  See  O'FIaherty*!  ao- 
count  of  the  poUtical  eonititntioii  of 
the  ancient  Iriah  dans ;  Cj^^y.,  p.  57, 
•9' 


imtboductiqn: 


essenfial  weakness  of  the  govemment,  even  in  iimes 
of  peaoe»  must  be  added  the  relation  of  the  supreme 
chidtaiii  to  his  army  in  tke  case  of  war.  The  anuy 
waâ,  in  fkct,  a  rope  of  sand.  It  oonsisted  of  a  nnm- 
ber  of  minor  clans,  each  commanded  by  its  own  petty 
chieftain,  reoeiving  no  pay,  and  bonnd  by  no  oath,  or  any 
other  oUigation  of  ailegianoe  to  the  ''  king/'  or  chief  com- 
mander.  Each  dan,  no  doubt^  adhered  ¥dth  undiaken 
loyalty  to  its  immediate  chiefttdn ;  bnt  the  chieftain,  on 
the  smallest  offence>  conld  dismiss  his  followers  to  their 
homes»  even  at  the  veiy  eve  of  a  decisive  battle.  He  was 
ready  at  every  personal  insult,  or  supposed  insult,  to  aban* 
don  the  naţional  cause,  and  for  the  sake  of  a  selfish  revenge, 
diflguised  under  the  name  of  honor,  to  expose  the  whole 
naţional  army  to  inevitable  defeat.  Nor  did  his  defection, 
however  capridoua  or  unreasonable,  expose  him  to  any  loss 
of  caste  or  of  reputation,  for  all  were  conscious  that  under 
similar  circumustanoes  they  would  have  done  the  sama^ 
These  ÎBixAa  must  be  borne  in  mind  if  we  would  rightly 


1  The  MMe.  This  state  of  tiiings  is 
ir«D  dscribed  by  Dr.  Charles  0*Co;ior, 
famMmtoino/Ckm'k$iyComfr,EMq., 
of  Beteuţ^M.-— ''The  Baborâiaato 
dikft  were  io  nnmeioiu,  thftt  their 
opentioiis  lesembled  neerly  the  tumul- 
taooi  opecmtione  of  the  people:  roiued 
ionristaoee  anlybjwhatimmediately 
alhetod  their  respective  districte, 
whftt  thqr  leit  only  wes  what  they 

for;   remote  conse- 


^piehoisioiia,  and  poasibOi* 
toofeebly  .  •  .  they 
■ahmittad  to  many  oppreeshre  acts, 
net  esdy  aa  iadhridiiala,  bat  aa  a 
aatîeB,  bslofa  eren  a  parţial  oonled»- 
nqr  eoald  ba  procured.  Evecydaa 
pri—  iad^  with  peenUar  atteiitio&,  the 
gcnealqgy  ol  ita  kader,  which  was  the 
K<^A.4^ş  kMnrled(|e  of  thoie  times; 
and  that,  v«y  miieh  to  the  piejudioe 
of  tha  natioii  at  large,  io  many  famtty 
codes  were  formed  as  made  the  dis- 


tinction  and  seporation  of  each  clan  a 
barrier  against  naţional  nnion,  which 
waa  insarmoontable  to  alL  The  smaU 
prindpalitieB  hito  wUch  the  nalhni 
waa  thns  nnf ortnnately  divlded,  exer- 
cised  perpetuai  rapine  and  yiolenca 
against  each  other.  Being  divlded  by 
fietoa  family  cantentions,  they  were 
more  intent  on  tha  means  of  umtual 
injniy  than  on  the  expediente  for 
oommon,  or  even  for  private  def ence ; 
and,  while  they  fon^t  against  the 
English  invader,  they  fonght  with 
eqnal  animosity  against  themaelves. 
x^am  jtMj^wi  pufftttHUy  tMiMW  st  aM" 
OMnfar."  Memoin^  Aa,  by  tha  Ber. 
CharieeO*Gonor,  D.D.,  DeiieaL,  p.udL 
The  above  worda  were  written  in  ra* 
ferenoe  to  the  English  invasion  vnder 
Heniy  II. ;  bat  they  aie  eqoally  appiio* 
abia  to  the  wara  of  the  Daaes^  and, 
indaed,  to  all  the  internai  wan  of  Ir»- 
land. 


cxx 


INTBODUCnOK. 


inbmiit     understaad  the  inheient  weakness  of  war&re  in  andent 

^^^jjgh  Irel«^di  *>id  ^®  ©a^  ^^  which  the  Iriah  were  ahrajrs 
in  warfare.  subjugated  by  a  handful  of  disciplined  men.  In  the  case 
before  us,  Ivar,  of  limerick,  well  knowing  the  souroe  of 
this  weakness,  resolved  to  concentrate  his  whole  force 
npon  the  destruction  of  the  Dal-Cais.  He  knew  that  the 
petty  jealonsies  of  the  suirounding  tribes  would  secure  to 
bim  their  public  or  secret  aid  in  an  enteiprise,  which,  if 
succeasful,  would  rid  them  of  powerfîil  and  dangerous 
neighbours,  and  probably  give  them  possession  of  the 
conquered  territory.  It  would  never  occur  to  them  to 
consider  that  the  feuds,  certain  to  arise  on  the  attempt  to 
divide  that  territory  among  themselves,  would  expose  them 
to  a  similar  extermination ;  whereas  by  an  union  of  their 
forces  they  might  have  reoovered  limerick,  and  delivered 
themselves  and  the  whole  province  firom  an  intolerable 
oppression. 

The  battle  that  followed  at  Sulchoit  appears  to  have 
commenced  by  the  ad  vance  of  the  Danes.  It  continued  from 
sunrise  to  mid-day  (see  chap.  Iii,  p.  77),  and  ended  in  a  com- 
plete ronţ  of  the  foreigners,  who  fled  ''to  the  ditches  and  to 
the  vallies,  and  to  the  solitudes  of  the  great  sweet  flowery- 
plain ;"  but  they  were  followed  by  the  conquerors^  and 
massacred  without  mercy  or  quarter.  A  poem,  attributed 
to  Mathgamhain,  is  here  interpolated  in  O'Clery's  MS. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue,  in  which  Mathgamhain 
requires  firom  Brian  an  aooount  of  the  battle.  It  contains, 
however,  no  information  of  any  great  consequenca  The 
victory  at  Sulchoit  put  the  important  station  of  Limerick 
into  the  hands  of  the  Dal-Cassian  leaders.  ^    The  survivors 


Battlaof 
Solchoit. 


^Lmdm^»  ItiiaomethinginfaTOiir 
ol  tlw  antiqnity  of  this  poem  tiuit  it 
Mtt  down  the  nnmber  of  elain  in  the 
battle  of  Snlchoit,  as  '*Iittle  less  than 
oue  himdred  lieada,"  instead  of  the 
7,000  of  Keat2ng(a'JfaiUMiy*a  TransU., 
p.  648),  and  the  8,000  of  the  ''Book 
of  Mnnster"  lFal&Meiy,CoUeeti,479> 
The  poem  giTos  tlie  whole  hononr  of 
the  Tictory  to  Biian,  and  rqtresente 


Mathgamhain  asking  from  Biian  an 
accoont  of  the  battle  as  if  he  had  not 
himself  been  piesent  Bot  the  praes 
nanatire  gives  no  giound  for  this, 
and  makes  no  mention  of  the  leate 
of  the  Dal-Cais  on  this  occasion.  In 
the  poem  the  Danish  fone  isdeseribed 
as  *'a  battalion  of  h( 
ooialets,**  p.  77. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Vi 


^  the  fort  they  had  erected  there,  but  were  pursued 


•^' 


slaughtered  in  the  streets  and  in  the  houses.    The 

.^  ^  of  several  Danish  chieftains  slain  on  this  occasion 

jjg^^^'^en/  and  we  have  also  a  particular  account  of  the 

Tjpi   ^Poils  of  the  city  which  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 

j^jt^^^    In  a  woid,  the  fort  and  the  good  town  were 

^^  «nd  bumt.     The  prisoners  were  collected  on  the 

of  Saingel,'  where  "  every  one  that  was  fit  for 

^^  "^ras  put  to  death,  and  every  one  that  was  fit  for 

a  slave  was  enslaved"     Tbis  decisive  bottle  is  dated^ 

LD.  968. 

Another  poetical  account  of  the  battie,  also  in  a  dia-  Poeticid 
logue between Brian  and  hîs brother,  is  here interpolated^  uJabSuT' 
in  the  O'Cleiy  MS.  (B).  In  this  poem,  the  author  of 
which  is  not  named,  but  simply  called  "  the  poet/'  the 
praiaes  of  Brian  are  celebrated  in  the  dialogue  by  Mahoun, 
and  those  of  Mahoun  by  Brian.  The  bard  condudes  by 
putting  into  Brian's  moutb  a  caii  uppn  Mahoun  to  give 
gold  to  those  who  had  so  well  merited  reward,  by  estab- 


1  Gipm,  Theie  names  are  also  re- 
pctted  ia  the  poem  (eh.  liv.),  with 
•ome  TuiatioDS,  which  are  pobted  out 
— p.  78,  n.  •. 

*Viaon.  Amongstthespoils**bean- 
tifal  ind  foreign  saddles"  arepartica- 
larţr  mentioned;  besides  jewele,  g^ld, 
aadsQrer ;  **beaatifal1y  woven  doth  of 
iIlGoloan;"  latinB  and  silka,  Bcarlet 
and  graen;  **aoft,  youthful,  biight, 
ţiiris;*'  '^blooming  nlk-dad  women ;" 
"  actire,  well-formed  boys"— p.  79. 

•SaingâL  Kow  Singland,  or  St. 
Patrick's,  a  pariah  on  theeonth  bank  of 
the  Shaonon,  forming  part  of  the  city 
of  Lhnerick.  The  Tripartite  Life  of 
8t  Patrick  (Ui.,  c.  44)  telli  na  that 
here  Carthenn  Finn,  son  of  Blodb, 
•00  of  Caa  Mac  TaO,  the  fint  Chriatian 
chieftahi  of  the  Daicaia,  waa  baptized 
by  St.  Patrick,  and  that  the  name 


Saîngel  waa  cormpted  from  Sam 
Amgeal  [**  a  dilTerent  angd^'J,  becanae 
an  angel  had  appeared  to  St.  Patrick 
there,  who  was  not  Vidor^  the  angel 
who  generally  attended  him,  bat  a 
diiferent  angd.  Trias  Thtmm^  p.  158. 
See  GeneaL  Table  III.,  Kos.  9,  10, 
p.  247. 

^IkUtd.  SoDnbLAnnalaoflnisfaL 
The  Four  M.  at  965  (=967)  have  the 
foUowing  record  of  thisbattle,  with- 
ont  mentioning  Solchoit: — **Math- 
gamhain,  son  of  Cenneidigh,  king  of 
Caahel,  plnndered  Limerick,  and 
bnmed  it."  If  thia  d|ite  be  oorreet, 
we  have  another  proof  that  the  men- 
tion  of  the  arrîral  of  Irar  of  Limerick 
and  hifl  sons  after  the  battle  of  Tara 
(980)  is  misplaced.  See  aboTe,  p. 
di. 

•  IfiUrpolaied.    See  eh.  liv.,  p.  81. 


GXXU 


INTBODUCTION. 


lishing  in  tkis  victory  his  undoubied  right  io  ihe  throne 
of  Munster : — 

'*  King  of  Munster  thoa  art,  I  deem, 
High  king  of  bf  ty  Caahel  ;^ 
Give  gold  to  those  who  merit, 
Thej  are  manj,  O  Mathgamhain." 

The  prose  acooimt  (cL  Iv.)  tells  us  that  Malioun  did 

not  neglect  Uns  great  duty  of  a  chieftain  ailer  such  a 

victoiy.   He  ordered  to  eveiy  one  hifi  proper  an4  befitting 

ahare,  as  he  deserved,  "acoording  to  his  braveiy  and 

valour." 

BaeM,  or        After  this  (p.  83)  follows  a  singular  record,  which  the 

^^B^^f  ^^^^  confesses  himself  unable  to  explain  satisfiBustorily.' 

Fendtch.   "  Then/'  says  our  author,  "  they  celebrated  the  raoes  [or 


^Lqfly  CatheL  Ccafil  na  ocet- 
meiiT),  Ut.j  "Cashel  of  the  stepB,^* 
which  has  beea  taken  flgnratîvely  in 
the  tranalation  (p.  81)  to  ngnify  cele- 
brated,  lenowned.  See  alflo  p.  89,  n. '. 
But  perhaps  the  meaning  may  be 
more  Uteral,  "high,"  "lofty,"  in  allu- 
aion  to  the  great  Bock  of  Cashel. 

>  Satisfactoriljf,  It  ia  not  clear  that 
the  curious  ceremony  here  described 
had  anjrthing  to  do  with  racing  or 
horse  racing,  althongh  the  tranala- 
tion, p.  83,  givea  that  idea.  The 
women  knelt  aronnd  in  the  postare 
described,  but  it  ia  not  ezpressly  said 
that  they  were  in  motion,  much  lesa 
ranning  a  race,  nnleas  motion  be  im- 
plied  in  the  word  tranalated  marehal- 
ied,  The  foreign  women  alone  were 
engaged  in  the  ceremony,  and  the 
fiUie$  (not  necesaaiily  korte  boys)  of 
the  army,  whether  of  the  Irish  or 
Daniah  army  ia  not  said,  martkalled 
them  (whaterer  that  may  mean)  from 
behind.  The  mention  of  the  son  of 
Feradach  ia  probably  an  interpolation, 
for  it  does  not  occor  in  the  MS.  B. 


The  whole  waa,  no  doubt,  a  heathen 
performance,  intended,  in  aome  w»y, 
to  beneftt  the  eonla  of  thoae  who  hâd 
fallenin  the  baUle.  Mr.  W.  ÎL  Hen- 
neaşy  has  pointed  ont  a  curiona  paa- 
aage  in  the  Book  of  Fenagli,  in  which 
the  Dniida  of  Fergna,  eon  of  Feigoa, 
king  of  Brefn^,  performed  a  aimilar 
ceremony  in  resistance  to  St.  CaiBin 
and  hia  clergy.  The  position  of  the 
Druida,  with  their  handa  on  the 
ground,  ia  deacribed  in  somewhat 
coarse  langoage  (Book  qf  Ftnagk^ 
Brit.  Kua.  Cott.  Veap.  E.  2),  bat  ia 
exactly  the  aame  aa  the  position  of  the 
women  apoken  of  in  the  text.  See  alao 
Dr.  0*Donovan'a  copy  of  the  Book  of 
Fenagh  {K  Iriak  Acad,),  fol.  13,  b.  b., 
where  the  poetica!  acooimt  of  this 
tranaaction  deacribes  the  act  of  the 
Druida  thoa,  6|i^ic  na  'Dfvaoche  oo 
tuap  Iţ"  ciJiY\i'o  a  cona  pi<xp. 
Theae  Dniida  were  afterwarda  tnmed 
into  atone  by  the  prayera  of  the 
aaint,  aa  a  puniahment  for  their  pro- 
fanity.  See  Mart,  ^  Lonegal,  (Nor. 
13),  p.  307. 


INTBODUCnON. 


CXXUl 


games]  of  ihe  son  of  Feradach,  viz.,  a  great  line  of  the 
women  of  the  foreigners,  on  the  hills  [or  hillocks^]  of 
Saingel,  in  a  circle,  and  they  were  stooped,  and  their 
hands  on  the  ground,  and  the  gillies  of  the  army  mar- 
shalled  them  [or  drove  them  on]  from  behind,  for  the  good 
of  the  Bouls  of  the  foreigners  who  were  slain  in  the  battle."' 

The  next  chapter  (Ivi.)  gives  a  short  summary  of  the  Expioits  of 
exploits  of  Mahoim.   He  spoiled  the  Ui  Enna*  of  Aine,  now  Mâhoun. 
Knock-any,  in  the  connty  of  limerick.    Here  Cathal,  son 
of  Feradach,  chieftain  of  Delbhna-m6r,  **  the  king  soldier 


iJTiObdki.  The  original  is  the 
fimfamtive  Citocâ». 

•  T%e  teMfa.  The  son  of  Fendach 
hat  mentUmed  (if  indeed  the  reading 
be  cocrect,  for  the  words  "  of  the  son 
of  Fendftch"  ere  omitted  in  B.)  wae, 
doabtleat,  Cathal,  son  of  Feradach, 
diieftain  of  the  DelTin,  or  Delbhna- 
mâr,  inentionad,ch.  ÎL  (see  p.  czvii.  n.), 
irhose  death  ia  record^  eh.  Ivi  But 
whj  the  ceremony  described  ahould 
%e  ealled  ^  the  raoea  (gT^crpoiDg)  of 
the  son  of  Feradach"  does  not  appear. 
The  word  gţicqpoing  is  tranalated 
iu0ef  <Hi  Dr.  0*DonoTan'a  anthority, 
vho  has  inserted  it  in  hia  SuppUwt. 
(9  (/RaUg^  but  qnotes  aa  his  only 
siUhoritp^  the  paasage  before  os.  Two 
appuently  cognate  words,  gpaipne 
ttd  sjvoDţneagorâi  occnr  in  the  dic- 
tionaries  of  0*Brien  and  O'ReOly,  in- 
terpceted,  ^  a  riduig,  alsoborsemanahip, 
also  an  alaim."  O'ReiUy  haa  also 
the  woid  Sfiorpun^  whîch  he  ez- 
pUas  "gmnting  (as  awioe)."  Mr. 
O^mytruislates  gţva^ns'^gamea," 
ss  it  oecnrs  in  a  poem  by  Cinaed  0*Har- 
tigan  on  Aicill,  or  Aoaill  (daughter  of 
Gaiiivs  Nîafer,  son  of  Boe  Bnadh, 
Ung  of  Lehiflter  in  the  second  centoxy), 
who  died  of  griel  on  hearîng  that  her 
laother  Bre  had  been  slain  by  Conall 
Ceanach.  The  worda  of  the  poem 
'"They  performed  bright,  pure 


games  (sp^i^anig  51I  stccifi)  for 
Acaill  hard  by  Teamalr  (or  Tara).** 
(TCwrr^g  Leeiureiy  p.  514.  Here  It 
wiU  be  observed  that  these  gamei 
were  performed  for  AcaiU  after  her 
deathf  as  the  ''races**  mentioned  in 
the  text  were  performed  fir  the  slain 
Koraemen.  In  the  poem  dted  by  Mr. 
O'Cmry,  however,  thereis  nomention 
of  horses.  But  the  same  word,  in  a 
plnral  form,  givoippie,  occnrs  In 
another  poem,  preserved  in  the  Book 
of  Leinster,  (fol.  160,  b.  b.),  pointed 
out  to  the  editor  by  Mr.  Hennessy, 
where  it  evidently  signifiea  horte 
games  or  horse  răcea.    The  words  are 

'*  The  steeds  of  the  Fiana  ('tis  known), 
And  the  steeds  of  Mnnster,  in  the 

great  conflict, 
Performed    three    bright    graijfht 
[games  or  racee] 

On  the  Green  of  the  son  of  Maired.** 

^UiEmta,  The  name  is  now  Heney 
orO'Heney.  Thcywereof  theBoglian- 
acht  Aine,  or  Eoghanacht  of  Any, 
settled  in  the  territoiy  round  Knock* 
any,  barony  of  Smali  Coonty,  in  the 
county  of  Limerick.  See  (^'iTtadftrm, 
Topogr,  Poem^  p.  119.  Delbhna-m6r 
ii  now  Delvin,  a  barony  in  the  north  of 
the  oonnţy  of  Westmeath  See  note  *, 
p.  cxviU 

i2 


CXXIV 


INTRODUCrriON. 


of  Erînn/'  was  slain.  This  was  immedîately  afler  the 
taking  of  Limerick ;  but  the  other  vîctories  recOrded  in 
this  chapter  seem  to  have  occurred  at  some  time  sub- 
sequent  To  secure  hîmself  on  his  throne  Mahoun  took 
hostages  from  all  the  chiefbains  of  Munster,  espedally 
firom  Maelmuadh^  (or  MoUoy),  lord  of  Desmond,  son  of 
Bran,  whom  he  had  moreover  taken  prisoner;  he  took 
hostages  also  from  Donnabhann'  (or  Donovan),  chief  of  the 
Hy  Fidhgente.  He  killed  or  enslaved  the  billeted  soldiers 
of  the  enemy  in  every  territory.  He  gained  seven  victories 
over  the  foreigners.  Only  four  are  mentioned  by  name/ 
but  the  author  may  have  intended  to  include  the  battie 
of  Sulchoit,  which  he  probably  counted  as  two,  and  this, 
with  a  second  buming  of  Limerick,  incidentally  mentioned, 
will  make  up  the  seven.  It  would  seem  that  afber  the  first 
buming  of  Limerick,  Ivar,  of  Limerick,  and  Amlaff,  son  of 
AmlaS,^  escaped  to  "the  East,"  meaning  Britain,  i.e.  Wales, 
where,  inafiruitless  attempt  to  get  footing  in  the  country, 
Amlaff  was  slain,*  and  Ivar,  afber  an  absence  of  a  year, 
retumed  with  a  great  fleet  and  entered  the  western  har- 
bour  of  Limerick,  where  he  slew  Beolan  littill^  with  his 


^  Maelmuaidh,    The  MS.  D.    saya 

that  this  chieftain  was  himself  cap- 
tured  flnt,  which,  if  true,  must  have 
increased  his  enmity  to  Mathgamhain. 
See  his  Genealogy,  App.  B.,  Tab.  IV., 
p.24d. 

^Dormabkann.  See  GeneaL  Table 
V.,  No.  28,  p.  249. 

>  By  nome.  These  are — 1 .  The  bat- 
tie of  Sengualainn  ['^  the  old  shoulder," 
from  the  shape  of  the  hill],  now  Sha- 
nagolden,  in  the  barony  of  Lower  Con- 
nello,  co.  of  Limerick.  2.  The  battie 
of  Laegh ;  this  place  is  unknown  to  the 
editor.  It  is  said  by  our  author  to  be 
in  Tratraighe,  now  Tradry.  8.  The 
battie  of  Machaire  m6r,  or  the  Great 
Plain,  fought  wben  the  united  forces 
of  the  Gaill  of  Limerick  and  Water- 
ford  attacked  the  king  of  Munster, 


and  encamped  at  Imlech  (now  Emiy) 
for  two  days.  See  note  i<,  p.  83.  The 
Machaire  m6r  here  mentioned  is  pro- 
bably the  Machaire-na-Mumhan,  or 
plain  of  Munster,  which  seems  to  have 
extended  to  Emly,  See  Four  3f.,  1088, 
p.  984. 

*  Amlajfl  ton  of  Amlaff.  See  p.  86. 
There  is  perhaps  an  error  here,  for 
amongst  the  Scaodinavian  nations  the 
son  eeldom  had  the  father*s  name; 
instances  however  occur.  Perhaps  we 
should  read  grandson,  or  more  probably 
"  Amlaff,  son  of  Ivar.** 

^  Slain.  There  seems  no  notioe  of 
this  event  elsewhere. 

*  Tkolan  LiUilL  The  Scandinavian 
name  may  be  Biolan.  He  was  per- 
haps the  ancestor  of  the  0*Beolain, 
erenachs  of    Dmmdiffe^    coanty   of 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXXV 


son,  who  seems  from  the  epithet  Littill  to  have  been  a 
Scandinavian.  Aiter  this  Ivar  intrenched*  himself  in  the 
western  harbour,  taking  possession  of  the  larger  islanda 
of  the  Shannon,  and  fixing  his  head-quarters  on  Inis- 
Cathaigh,  now  Scattery  Island. 

Mahoun  had  now  firmly  established  himself  on  his  His  esub- 
throne.      He  had  broken  the  power  of  the  Danes  of  S??h?onr 
limerick,  and  relieved  his  territory  from  their  vexatious  o'  Munster. 
oppiession.     He  had  taken  hostages  from  the  rival  chief- 
tains  of  his  own  race,  and  his  sovereignty  in  Munster  had 
been  acknowledged  without  dispute  for  about  six  years. 
Then,  however,  at  the  înstigation  of  Ivar,  of  Limeriek,  and 
Ivar's  son,  Dubhcenn,'  a  conspiracy  was'  formed  against  A  oonspii^ 
him.    The  two  great  Eoghanacht  clans  of  Munster,  who  î^ulut^** 
had  80  recently  submitted,  now  withdrew  their  allegiance.  ^^ 
They  not  only  allied  themselves  with  the  Danish  usurp- 
ers,  but  they  consented  to  become  principals  in  the  base 
assassination  of  their  own  acknowledged  sovereign  and 
kinsman.^     The  motives  which  led  these  high  chieftains  Motivw  of 
thus  to  sully  their  fair  fame  and  hand  down  their  names  ^^^ 
with  infamy  to  posterity,  are  clearly  enough  explained  by 
cur  author  (eh.  Ivii).    Donovan  and  Molloy  were  both  de- 
scended  from  Eoghan-m6r,  son  of  Oilioll  Olum.    Mahoun 
was  descended  from  Cormac  Cas,  another  son  of  Oilioll 
Olum.    The  Eoghanacht,  or  descendants  of  Eoghan-m6r, 


Sligo,  setUed  aho  at  Appiectosa  in 
Scotland.  The  second  buxmiig  of 
Limeriek  hy  Mathgmmhain  is  pro- 
bably  the  same  which  the  Fowr 
M.  apeak  of  aa  the  expulsion  of  the 
foreignera  from  Inia  Sibhtonn,  A.D. 
969  (=971).  Thej  had  recorded  the 
fiitt  boming  wider  965  («968). 

^DMcmn.    See  eh.  IviiL  p.  87. 

^Kiiuman.  The  relationahip  be- 
tween  the  rival  tribea  will  be  nnder- 
■tood  from  Tables  III.,  IV.,  and  V., 
Append.  B.  To  modem  ideas  thia 
rdationship  appears  aomewhat  diatant, 


being  no  more  than»  a  desoent  from 
a  commoA  ancestor  (Oilioll  Olam) 
in  some  twentjtwo  or  twenty-thxve 
generatiotts,  aftcr  a  period  of  np- 
warda  of  700  yeara;  and  in  the  caae 
of  Molloy  and  Denovan,  from  a  corn- 
mon  ancestor,  Oilioll  Flanbeg  (great 
grandson  of  Oilioll  Olum)  in  nineteen 
or  twenty  generations ;  yet  to  Celtic 
ideas,  and  in  a  country  where  dan- 
ship  waa  everything,  this  relationship 
waa  close  enough  to  influence  effect- 
ively,  for  good  or  for  evil,  the  oon- 
tending  parties. 


CXXVl 


INTRODUCTION. 


having  in  course  of  time  dîvided  into  two  powerful  septa^ 
appear  to  have  succeeded  in  excluding  the  tribe  of  ihe 
DeJ  Cais  from  their  tair  share  of  the  alternate  suooeaaion 
to  the  throne  of  Munster,  which  both  tribes  daimed  nnder 
the  will  of  their  common  ancestor,  Oilioll  Olum.  The 
two  Eoghanacht  fiunilies  (which  were  confessedly  the 
senior  branch)  were  at  this  time  represented  by  Donna- 
bhann,  or  Donovan,  and  Molloy.  Donovan^  was  the  chief- 
tain  of  the  Hy  Figheinte  and  Hy  Cairbre,  in  the  sonth  of 
the  county  of  Limerick.  Maelmuaidh,  or  Molloy,  was 
chieftain  of  the  Clann  Cuirc,^  or  descendants  of  ConaU 
Ciorc,  and  lord  of  the  Ui  Eachach,  or  of  Desmond.  Alarmed 
at  the  progress  of  the  Clann  Lughdach,'  or  Dai  Cais,  and 
jealous  of  their  supremacy/  theee  tribes  and  chieftains  re- 


i/XmoMii.  See  Table  Y.,  p.  249,  { 
No.  23.  This  chieftain  was  the  j 
ancestor  of  the  great  family  of 
O^Donovan.  Hisdaoghterhadmarried 
Ivar,  Ung  of  the  Danes  of  Waterford, 
whose  aon,  Donnabhann,  was  the  an- 
cestor of  another  branch  of  the  same 
tribe.  See  O'Donovan,  Four  Jf.,  vi., 
p.2436. 

*Ckam  Ctdre.  See  Geneal.  Table 
lY^  Nos.  6  and  24.  Clann  Cnirc 
•ignifies  the  Children  of  Corc,  CtUrc 
being  the  genitive  case  of  Corc.  The 
Ui  Eathach,  or  Ui  nEachach,  were 
the  deeoendanti  of  Kachaidh,  grandson 
ol  ConaU  Corc,  Table  lY.,  No.  a 
The  family  of  O'Mahonj  (Ua  MaHh- 
gamkm)  is  desoended  from  Hath- 
gamh'ain,  grandson  of  the  traitonma 
Maelmnaidh.    TaUe  lY.,  No.  26. 

*  Clatm  Lugkdaek,  Descendants  of 
Logaidh  Henn;  see  Table  III.,  No. 
a  This  ■ometimes  nsed  as  another 
name  for  the  Dai  Cais. 

'iS^p^efllacy■  In  this  place  isinserted 
a  prophecy  attribnted  to  St.  Colman, 
son  of  Lenin,  first  bishop  of  Cloyne 
(ob.  604).  in  which  is  foietold  the 


snpramacy  of  the  Dalcaasian  raoe  to 
the  end  of  the  world.  This  pretcnded 
prophecy,  it  is  needless  to  say,  is  a 
wretched  forgery,  of  which  St.  Col- 
man was  as  gniltless  as  the  avthor  of 
the  preeent  work ;  for  the  passage  is  a 
manifest  interpolation,  interrupting 
the  narrative,  and  of  a  date  evidently 
nrach  later  than  the  reign  of  Brian. 
''To  the  Clann  of  Coimac  Cais,"  ii 
saya,  that  is,  to  the  Dal-Cais,  ''shall 
belong  the  sovereignty,  except  tkree, 
nntil  Flann  comes."  Flann  is  ez- 
plained  to  be  Flann  Cithach,  from 
Dnrlos  (Le.  Thnrles),  the  fabled  per- 
sonage  who  is  to  be  the  king  of  Ira- 
land  in  the  tlmes  of  Antichrist,  and 
conseqoently,  the  last  king  of  Ireland 
before  the  Day  of  Judgment.  See  a 
foii  account  of  this  clase  of  sporiona 
prophecies,  and  espeeially  thoae  re- 
lating  to  Flann  Cithacfa,  in  O^Cuny'a 
Lectores,  pp.  898-426,  and  App.,  p. 
682.  The  word  Citach  is  of  nncertain 
meaning.  CUh  is  a  shower,  and 
CUhaeh,  showeiy;  bnt  this  ghrea  no 
meaning.  Chtaeh  is  left-handad, 
awkward,  unlncky.     Soma   anthor- 


INTKODUCnON. 


cxxvu 


solved  npon  the  traitorous  murder  of  the  Dalcassian  chief- 
tain,  wbom  they  were  unable  to  meet  fairly  in  open  war- 
fare.  The  Hy  Cairbre  especially,  we  are  told,  were  further 
instigated  to  this  unworthy  deed  by  the  consciousness 
that  the  territory  they  then  inhabited  really  belonged  to 
the  Dai  Cais,  of  whom  Mahoun  was  the  representative. 
They  imagined  that  by  putting  him  out  of  the  way,  their 
title  to  the  land^  would  be  secured ;  forgetting  that  they 
only  thereby  provided  themselves  with  a  still  more  for- 
midable  claimant  in  the  person  of  his  brother  Brian. 

A  poem  attributed  to  Maehnnaidh  or  MoUoy  on  this  Mollo7!s 
occasion,  is  inserted  in  chap.  Iviii.    It  is  an  exhortationto  Satira  " 
the  Danes  to  take  the  lead,  and  to  assemble  the  men  of  to  the 

Danei. 


iUes  caii  Flaim  ^nach  or  ^onach, 
Toracioiu,  wbich  Mr.  O'Curry  thinks 
mon  Ukdy  to  be  the  trne  reading. 
The  woids  *'exoept  three"  in  the  pre- 
teaded  prophecy  seem  to  indicate  that 
H  was  written  at  a  time  when  there 
had  already  been  thne  exceptione  to 
the  predicted  Dalcassian  sovereignty 
oTcr  Hnnster.  The  Book  of  Mnnster 
giTce  the  f oOowing  Hst  of  the  kings  of 
Mnnster  who  sncoeeded  Mahonn: — 
1.  Jfogfamaufll,  or  MoUoy,  mnrderer  of 
•pffahnmi-  2.  Brian  Bommfaa.  8. 
Donnchadh,  or  Donogh,  son  of  Brian 
Beramha.  4.  Torrdelbhach,  or  Tor- 
logh,  son  of  Tadhg,  son  of  Brian. 
6.  Mnirchertach,  or  Mnrtagh  ni6r, 
son  of  Tnrlogh.  6.  Diannaid,  son  ol 
Tttilogh-  7.  Tadg,  son  of  Muiredh 
UacCarthy.  8.  Conchobhar,  or  Con- 
Bor,  son  of  Diarmaid  (No.  6.)  9. 
Cormae,  son  of  Huiredh  MacCarthy. 
10.  Toriogh,  son  of  Diarmaid.  (Ko. 
6.)  11.  Mnrtagh,  son  of  Connor 
(No.  8.)  12.  Domhnall  m6r  (son 
of  Diaimaid,  son  of  Tnrlogh,  son 
ol  Tkdhg,  son  of  Brian),  last  lung  of 
Mnnster,  1168.  Here  it  triD  be  seen 
that  aU  these  prinoes  are  the  direct 


descendants  of  Brian,  and  therefore 
Dai  Cassian,  except  three,  whose  names 
are  printed  in  italios,  and  who  were  ol 
the  £ugeman  race.  So  that  this 
prophecy  was  forged  moet  probably 
abont  1150,  or,  at  least,  noi  later  than 
the  timoB  oi  Tnrlogh,  son  of  Diarmaidt 
who  began  his  reign  1142.  The 
editor  is  indebted  to  the  research  of 
his  friend,  ICr.  W.  M.  Hennessy,  for 
this  referenoe  to  the  Book  of  Mnnster. 
1  Land,  This  territorjr  is  described 
as  Caille  Cormaic,  or  Cormac's  Wood, 
extending  from  Oclan,  or  Hoclan  (in 
the  S.  of  the  co.  of  Limerick,  now 
nnknown),  to  the  Lnimneadi  or  Lower 
Shannon,  and  from  Cnam-cdll,  near 
the  town  of  Tippenuy,  to  the  monn- 
tainous  districtof  Luachair  Deaghaidh, 
in  the  coonty  of  Kerrj.  CaUU  Cormaie 
is  nnknown  to  the  editor,  nnless  it  be  the 
Alh-CaiUe  (Wood-ford)  mentioned  fai 
the'HIIircaîtofMnirchertachmacNeiU,'' 
line  181.  ForCnanihcoi]l,seep.cxTii., 
n.  s ;  Lnachair  is  Lnachair  Deaghaidh, 
a  monntainons  district  near  Castle- 
island,conntyofKeny.  /VwrJf.,  A.M. 
8727,  A.D.  1679  (p.  1721).  A  o/* 
RighU^  p.  77,  n. 


cxxvm 


INTEODUCnON. 


Partica* 
lan  of 
Mahoiiii*8 
mnrder. 


Munster,  together  with  their  own  people,  both  GaiU  and 
Gaedhil,  on  the  "  very  high  hill"  of  Eoghabhail,^  which 
wafi  tx)  be  the  place  of  muster.  This  poem  is  of  no  in- 
terest,  and  is  doubtless  an  interpolation^  in  the  MS.  It 
haâ  not  the  smallest  pretence  to  authentieity. 

The  particularo  of  Mahoun's  murder  are  then  given  in 
detaiL  But  it  is  quite  evident  that  the  narrative  is  not 
in  the  state  in  which  its  author  left  it.  It  bearo  internai 
evidence  both  of  interpolation  and  mutilation.  Sundry 
"  poems"  have  been  inserted  which  are  clearly  of  a  more 
recent  date.  To  make  way  for  these  the  context  both 
before  and  afber  has  been  tampered  witL  Hence  the 
story  is  somewhat  confusedly,  and  irregulaxly  told.  Two 
different  accounts,  not  altogether  consistent  with  each 
other,  are  given.  According  to  the  firot  of  these,  Mahoun 
was  in  the  house  of  Donovan.  How  he  came  ihere 
we  are  not  informed;'  but  that  he  did  not  thus  place 
himself  in  the  hands  of  his  enemy  without  some  pre- 
caution,  is  evident  from  the  faot  that  he  had  secnred 


^EoghabhaîL  ThU  place  was  pro- 
babl7  in  the  neigbboarhood  ot  Knock* 
anj,  in  the  coontj  of  Limerick.  It 
may  have  been  the  "  high  hiir*  now 
called  Knockadoon,  '*  HUI  of  the  Fort- 
reM,"  near  Longh  Gor.  It  ia  corioua 
that  the  Dai  Caia  are  called  in  the 
poem  Dai  Căit  of  the  Ckwrchet,  show- 
ing  that  it  was  composed  after  Brian 
waa  rogarded  aa  champion  of  the 
Chnrch,  in  oppoaition  to  the  Paganiam 
of  the  invadară. 

*  Inierpohtion.  Chapa.  Ivii.  and 
Iviii.,  owing  to  the  lo«  of  a  leaf,  are 
•beent  from  the  liS.  D. 

•  Noi  it^ormed.  Dr.  0*)>onovan,  in 
bia  abstract  of  this  story  from  the 
presant  work,  says  that  Donovan  **in- 
vited  Mahonn  to  a  banquet  in  his  own 
boose  ;*'  tbis»  however,  is  without  au- 
thority  from  the  text;  but  Brian*s 
poetical  lament   (p.  89)  says   that 


Mahonn  **  had  tmsted,  inftitndddp^  to 
the  treacherons  word  of  Donovan.** 
The  Dublin  Ann.  of  Innîsfallen  aay, 
at  976,  that  the  object  of  the  biahop 
in  the  part.  he  took  in  these  trmna- 
actions,  was  to  make  peace  betweea 
the  contending  parties,  and  thia  ia, 
no  doubt,  a  natural  conjectore  (ace 
how  Bishop  0*Brien  ezpanda  thia 
hint,  VaUarnce^'t  CoUtcL  I.,  p.  483- 
484);  but  it  is  not  so  sUted  in  the 
original  authority,  and  does  not  explaia 
Mahoun*s  motives  in  tmsting  thoaa 
who  he  must  have  koown  were  his 
deadiy  enemies.  The  **  Houae  of  Do- 
novan** was  at  Brugh-righ  [Air^iMa 
regia;  see  0*Donovani  Svpplem*  to 
O'RdUy^  in  voc],  now  Bruree,  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  MaignOi  where  are 
stiU  to  be  seen  several  forta,  eerth- 
works,  and  other  traoes  of  the  ancient 
^h:egal**  residence. 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXXIX 


the  safe  conduct  or  protection  of  the  bishop  and  clergy/ 
to  the  effect ''  that  he  was  not  to  be  killed  or  blinded." 
However,  in  violation  of  all  the  rights  of  hospitality,  and 
in  contempt  of  the  clergy,  Donovan  delivered  up  his 
victim  to  MoUoy  and  his  Danish  aasociates.^ 

Molloy,  we  are  told,  had  sent  forward  his  men  to  meet  Treaeherj 
Mahoun  at  Cnoc-an-Rebhraidh,  on  Sliabh  Caein,*  and  to  ^  °  ^' 
lull  Buspicion  induced  the  bishop  to  send  also  some  of  his 
own  people  in  company  with  them,  whilşt  Molloy  himself, 
with  the  bishop,  remained  at  Raithin-mdr.  in  Fermoy. 
MoUoy  had  given  his  followers  private  instructions  to 
put  Mahoun  to  death  as  soon  as  they  had  got  him  into 
iheir  power.  The  ecclesiastics  who  accompanied  them 
as  representatives  of  the  bishop,  of  course  knew  nothing 
of  these  instructions,  and  were  powerless  to  prevent  the 
murder. 

This  account  of  the  transaction  is  at  least  intelligible.  A  second 
It  contains  nothing  of  the  marvellous,  nothing  that  may  **^'^'- 
not  have  really  occurred  in  those  ferocious  timea     But 
the  second  account.  of  the  same  murder,  given  in  a  subse- 
quent  chxpter  (Ix.,  p.  91),  bears  evident  marks  of  having 
been  tampered  with.    From  the  abruptness  with  which  it 


1  Tke  derfff.  See  p.  89.  Colvmb, 
•on  of  CiAngaiif  ia  mentioned  as  th« 
Coraharb,  ue.,  snccesscr,  of  St  Bani 
(Baim),  or  Finnbar,  foitnder  of  the 
Me  of  Cork.  The  Ann.  Uit.  and  Four 
If .  eall  him  Airchiftnechj  or  erenach  of 
Coik,  and  date  his  death  987  (==990). 

*  Aiâoeiatei.  This  fact  ia  twice 
•tated  in  the  beginning  of  cbap.  lix., 
m»  if  two  difFerent  narratives  of  the 
erent  had  been  mixed  together ;  per- 
hapa  the  fint  sentence  of  this  chapter 
and  the  whole  of  chap.  Iviii.  should  be 
omittad ;  the  story  woold  then  ron  on 
after  eh.  Ivii. : — ^  Thia  was  the  counsel 
that  was  acted  npon,  &c,"  p.  89,  line  2. 

*SSabh  Cadn,  This  is  a  mountain, 
now  caUed  Sliabh  Riach,  on  the  bor- 


ders  of  the  connties  of  Limerick  and 
Cork.  The  editor  bas  not  been  abia 
to  discover  the  exact  position  or 
modem  name  of  Cnoo-an-Rebhraidh. 
According  to  tbis  stoiy  Mahoon  was 
sent  from  Bruree  (the  residence  of 
DonoTan)  to  Sliabh  Caein,  a  con- 
siderable  distance,  whiist  MoUoy  and 
the  bishop  remained  at  Raithin  mor, 
which  is  expressly  said  to  have  been 
in  Fermoy.  Tbere  is  a  parish,  now 
Rahan,  2|  miles  east  of  Mallow,  on  the 
road  to  Fermoy.  Molloy  and  Dono« 
van  seem  to  have  been  both  at  con- 
siderable  distances  fiom  the  scene  of 
the  murder,  which,  according  to  thia 
account,  was  committed  at  Cnoo-aiH 
Bebhraidh,  on  Sliabh  Caein. 


cxxx 


INTRODUCTION. 


Discre- 
pancy  of 
the  two 
aoooimti. 


begins,  it  Beems  to  want  some  introductoiy  sentences. 
"  The  naked  sword,"  and  "the  Gogpel  of  Bani,"  the  cleric, 
who  was  with  Molloy,  the  hills  too  on  which  the  crime 
was  committed,  are  spoken  of  in  a'maoner  which  lead«  a 
reader  to  think  that  they  had  been,  or  ought  to  have  been, 
mentioned  before.  The  executioners  of  Mahoun,  and  the 
ecclesiafitics  sent  by  the  bii^op  of  Cork,  are  assumed  to 
have  been  sitting  on  oppocdte  hills,'  "  the  fiill  flight  of  an 
arrow  asunder/'  a  fietct  which  is  given  on  tiie  authority  of 
those  "  who  were  aoquainted  with  the  place"  (which,  how- 
ever,  îb  not  named),  implying  that  the  writer  did  not 
profess  to  be  acquainted  with  the  place  himself. 

In  the  former  narrative  it  was  only  aaid  that  Mahonn 
had  the  protection  of  Columb,  son  of  Ciaragân,  comharb 
of  Barri,  or  Bairre,  that  is  bi^op  of  Cork.  In  the  second 
account  we  are  told  that  he  wore  on  his  breast  the  Grospel 
of  Barri^  **  to  protect  him."  When  he  perceived,  however, 
that  yeneration  for  this  sacred  eopy  of  the  Oospels  was 
not  likely  to  have  weight  with  his  murderers,  he  threw 
it  from  him,  lest  it  shonld  be  stained  with  his  blood,  and 


1  OppotUe  hills.  TUb  seems  to  de- 
■eribe  the  paas  of  Beamft  Dhcaig  [**nd 
or  bloody  gap"]*  ^  ^®  moiantam 
of  SlUbh  Gaein,  which  ia  tiAâitionally 
beliered  to  be  the  pUee  where  Mahoua 
was  murdered.  It  ia  a  gap^  throii^ 
which  the  road  from  EJlmallock  to 
Cork  paaMa,  one  mile  aonth  of  the 
pariah  chnreh  of  Kilflui.  Dr.  O'Don- 
OYmn  atâtea  that  thia  gap  liea  betwees 
the  hilla  of  Kilcrnaig  and  Redchair, 
the  fonner  on  ita  eaat,  the  Utter  on 
ita  weat.  (Stuppi,  to  CtRtSOy,  in  toc. 
Bwma  dh»arg).  The  DablJn  Annala 
of  IniafaUen  «(at  976)  mention  alao 
another  traditlon,  via^  that  Ifahoun 
waa  murdered  at  Mniiire-na-nionadh- 
mâire,  aupposed  to  hare  been  the 
Moahera  Moimtain,  near  HaUow,  co. 
of  Cork,  where  it  ia  stated  that  there 
ia  a  heap  of  stones  called  Lmchi  Matk* 


^nmAfiOr^tomb  of  Mahonn."  See/bvr 
M.  (A.D.  974),  p.  701,  note,  and 
Vaikmeey,  ColUcL  I.,  p.  485. 

*  Gotpd  of  Barru  Almost  eveiy 
andent  Iriah  aee  pieaerved  the  Gospel 
or  Paalter  of  ita  fonnder  or  aome  eailj 
ecdeaiaaUc,  generally  kept  in  a  rilrer 
or  higlilj-  omamented  box  or  ahrine. 
Some  of  theae  MSS.  are  atill  extant» 
aa  the  Book  of  Aimagh ;  the  Book  of 
Dnrrow  (formerly  bdonging  to  the  aee 
of  MeAth) ;  the  Book  of  St.  Moling, 
of  Fema;  the  Book  of  Dimma,  the 
goapela  of  Roacrea  or  Killaloe;  the 
Domhnach  Airgid,  of  Clogher;  the 
Cathach  (a  Paalter),  of  Tliconnell. 
AU  theae  are  in  the  LIfaraiy  of  Trin. 
CoUege,  Dublin,  ezcept  the  last  two, 
which  are  in  the  Royal  Iriah  Academj. 
The  Goapel  of  Bairi  mentioned  in  the 
text  ia  not  now  Imown  to  exiat 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXXXl 


it  fell  into  the  breast  of  a  priest  of  the  bishop's  people,  who 
vas  distant,  we  are  told,  "  the  full  flight  of  an  arrow."^ 

MoUoy  was  at  a  still  greater  distance  from  the  scene  of 
the  murder;  he  was  distant  *' as  far  as  the  eye  could 
see ;"  nevertheless  he  saw  the  flashing  of  the  sword,^  and 
knew  that  the  &tal  blow  had  been  given.  He  imme- 
diately  moimted  the  horse  that  had  been  kept  ready 
for  hhn,  and  fled.  "The  cleric''  asked  what  he  was  to 
do;  and  MoUoy  answered  in  irony,  **  Cure  yonder  man" 
(meaning,  of  oourse,  Mahonn)  ''if  he  should  come  to 
thee."  Here  it  is  evident  that  there  has  been  some 
omission;  for  there  is  nothing  to  teii  us  who  this  cleric 
was,  The  only  cleric  mentioned  before  was  the  cleric 
into  whose  breast  the  Gospel  of  St.  Barri  had  been  thrown. 
Bnt  he  was  distant  with  Mahoun  ''  as  fiu*  as  the  eye  conld 
Bee,"  and  could  not  therefore  have  been  the  same  clerk  who 
was  within  speech  of  Molloy,  and  witnessed  bis  flight. 

The  scribes  have  interpolated'   between    these    twoElegyby 
aceoimts  of  the  bloody  deed,  an  elegy  on  the  death  of  J^^^ 

death. 


^  Am  arrma.  Uaking  «U  dne  allow- 
looe  for  addttiontl  strength,  generated 
bj  the  excitement  of  rach  a  moment, 
it  iras  whoUy  impoasible  that  a  book, 
fiiiJitfag  oonaiderable  reslata&ce  to 
the  air,  althoagfa  probaUy  in  a  silver 
or  omamented  casoi  conld  have  been 
cast,  withoift  a  mirade,  **the  fnll 
iîgfat  of  an  arrow.** 

^Swrd,  The  Irish  sworda  of  this 
period  wera  short,  and  of  bronze.  The 
Dtnîah  sworda  were  long,  and  of 
steeL  We  may  therefore  infer  (if,  in- 
deed,  ve  can  infer  anything  from  such 
a  nanmtîre)  that  the  actnal  ezecn- 
tMBcn  of  the  nnfortonate  chieftain 
were  MoUoy'a  foreign  acoomplices, 
who  were  boimd  by  no  obligations, 
sad  had  no  reverence  for  the  sacred 
Gospelsof  St  FinnboT)  or  for  the  pledge 
given  to  their  victim  by  the  deorgy. 

^Mtrpolaitd,  Immediately  foUow- 


ing  the  poem  ia  a  paragraph  (eh.  Iz., 
p.  91)  in  which  tbe  date  of  the  murder 
is  flxed  by  sereral  chronological  criteria. 
It  was  nine  years  after  the  battle  of 
Solchoit ;  the  thirteenth  year  after  the 
death  of  Dnnchadh,  king  of  Cashel; 
sixty-eight  years  after  the  death  of 
Cormac,  son  of  Caillenan;  twenty 
after  the  death  of  Congalacfa,  king  of 
Ireland;  and  fornr  before  the  battle  of 
Tara.  AII  these  dates  coincide  snffl- 
ciently  with  the  year  A.D.  976.  The 
battle  of  Sulchbit  is  dated  968 ;  the 
death  of  Dnnchadh,  962;  Cormac'a 
death,  908 ;  the  death  of  Congalach, 
966;  and  the  battle  of  Tara,  980. 
If  the  poem  be  an  interpoUtion,  as 
seems  pretty  clear,  this  chronological 
paragraph  mnst  hare  f oUowed  imme- 
diately  the  former  narratire  of  Ma- 
honn*i  mnrder. 


cxxxu 


INTBODUCTION. 


Mahoun,  attributed  to  his  brother  Brion.  It  is  not 
without  some  spirit,  although  to  the  English  reader  it 
has,  doubtless,  lost  much  of  its  poetical  merit  by  the 
baldness  of  a  literal  translation.  It  begins  with  a  lament 
that  Mahoun  had  been  alain  by  the  hand  of  an  ignoble 
assassin,  and  not  by  the  sword  of  some  high  king.  It 
would  have  been  some  alleviation  of  the  misfortune,  if  he 
had  fallen  on  the  battle-field  imder  cover  of  his  shield, 
and  not  by  a  base  act  of  treachery.  His  exploits'  are 
then  briefly  enumerated,  and  the  poem  concludes  by 
Brian's  strong  expression  of  his  deteimination  to  take 
ample  vengeance  upon  his  brother's  murderer  :^- 

**  Mj  heart  will  barat,  I  feel, 
If  I  avenge  not  the  high  king.** 

Ineonsist-  It  is  obvious  to  remark  upon  the  second  narrative,  that 
Mornid^nw!  ^^  description  of  the  position  of  the  parties  concemed  ia 
imtiTe.  quite  different  from  that  of  the  former  account  There 
Donovan,  having  received  Mahoun  in  his  own  house,  sent 
him  on  to  meet  MoUoy's  people  at  Slieve  Riach,  several 
miles  distant  ;^  whilst  Molloy  and  the  bishop  were  still 
further  distant  at  Rathin-m6r,  in  Fermoy.  If  this  vrere 
80,  and  the  murder  was  committed  on  Slieve  Riach, 
Molloy  could  not  possibly  have  seen  the  flashing  of  the 
sword,  or  distinguished  the  precise  moment  when  his 
victim  felL  Neither  does  this  second  narrative  say  any- 
thing  of  the  presence  of  the  bishop.  It  mentions  tipvo 
derics  only  as  witnesses  of  the  transaction ;  one,  the  priest 
to  whom  Mahoun  threw  St.  Barri's  Oospels  at  the 
moment  of  his  being  murdered ;  the  other,  the  cleric  -who 
was  with  Molloy  when  he  fled,  and  of  whom  we  have  just 
spoken.     This  clerk,  we  are  told  (p.  93),  "recognized 


^  EaploiiM*  These  are  the  seven 
battloB  mentioned  before,  chap.  lyi.; 
aee  p.  cxxir.  and  note  >.  Machaire 
Buidhe  (jellow  plain)  is  the  name  of 
maDj  plaoes  in  Ireland.  Here  it  pro- 


bably  denotes  Salchoit.    "The 
of  the  two  brave  men  **  seems  to  aig^- 
nify  the  ann j  of  Irar  of  Limerick  aad 
hia  son,  Dabhcenn. 
*JH$i€mL   Seep.czxiac,n.  >, 


INTRODUCmON. 


CXXXIU 


M0II07  at  the  moment  of  his  departure."    The  word  must 

mean'  that  the  derk  perceived  from  Molloy's  ironiftd 

speech  and  sudden  âight  the  real  nature  of  the  bloody 

deed,  and  MoUoy's  participation  in  the  crime.    Fired  with 

iadignation,  in  the  spirit  of  prophecy,  he  cursed  the  treach- 

erous  chieftain.     The  anathema  was  uttered  in  verse, 

in  which  form  it  was  believed  to  be  more  efficadous.     It 

predicted  by  name  the  man  who  was  to  avenge  the 

murder.     Molloy  was  to  be  slain  by  Aedh,  or  Aedhan, 

'*  a  man  from  the  border  of  Aifi."'    He  was  to  be  slain 

"on  the  north  of  the  sun,  with  the  harshness  of  the 

wmd."    That  is,  as  our  author  explains  it,  his  grave  was 

to  lie  on  the  north  side  of  the  hill,  where  the  sun  could 

never  shine  on  his  tomb.     He  should  derive  no  advantage 

from  his  crime,  for  his  posterity*  should  pass  away,  his 

hisiory  be  forgotten,  his  tribe  be  in  bondage. 

After  the  departure  of  Molloy  the  two  priests,  having  The  priests 
joined  each  other,  went  at  onee  to  the  bishop,  told  him  "Jî^er  to 
the  sad  story,  and  placed  the  Gospel,  which  was  sprinkled  theîr 
with  the  blood  of  the  murdered  man,  in  the  holy  prelate's      *^^' 
breast    Then  the  priest  who  had  brought  the  Gospel 
bade,  wept  bitterly,  and  "  uttered  a  poem,***  the  object  of 


^  i(ut  metm.  Tbe  words  are  literalty, 
"the  derk  took  knowledge  on  him." 
Thetlerk  can  scarcdy  be  mipposed 
>ot  to  htTe  known  Molloy 's  pencîn. 

Mţ/t  Tbe  ''border of  Aifl'*  was 
Pi^btbly  lome  pUce  near  Knockany, 
oa  of  Umerick.  Aedh,  called  also 
^«dhan,  or  Littie  Aedh,  a  temi  of 
ttdeanaent  (introdaced,  most  pro> 
My  for  the  eake  of  the  metre)  ia 
•iid  (eh.  Ixi.)  to  have  been  aon  of 
Gebenntcfa,  of  the  Deai  Beg ;  he  ia  not 
neatioDed  in  the  Annala.  The  Deai 
^  occnpied  a  territory  comprised  in 
^  proMot  barony  of  Small  Connty, 
^theeo.  of  Limcrick. 

*Po§leril^  Thia  part  of  the  pre- 
^ictioD  waa  not  f  nlfllled ;  for  tbe  poa- 


terity  of  MaelmnAldh  ia  nnmerova  to 
thia  day  in  the  familiea  of  0*Mahony, 
0*Molloy,  -Ac.  May  we  not  infer  that 
the  poetical  anathema  waa  compoaed 
before  theae  familiea  had  been  f onnded, 
and  therefore  probably  witbin  two  or 
thfee  generationa  after  the  murder  of 
Mahoun?  *'Thy  hiatory  ahall  be  for- 
gotten,"  ia  alao  a  prediction  that  haa 
not  been  accomplished. 

^  UUertd  a  poem,  "  He  compoaed 
there  a  prophetic  prediction,  and 
uttered  thia  poem,**  p.  93.  Aa  the 
poem,  the  text  of  which  aeema  very 
corrupt,  doea  not  profesa  to  be  a 
propbecy,  we  rauat  conclude  that  the 
''prophetic  prediction**  haa  not  been 
preaerved. 


CXXXIV 


mTRODUCTTON. 


which  was  to  lay  claun  io  the  legal  finea  or  pecuniary 
p«ialties  for  ihe  murder.  Then  foUows  a  stanza^  attributed 
to  Mac  Liag,  on  the  four  batUes  gained  by  Mahoun  over 
the  foreigners  of  Gleiin  Datha,^  in  the  hills  on  the  north 
of  Thomond.  Then  a  long  el^y  ''by  Mathgamham's 
blind  bard."  These  poems  are,  no  doubt,  interpolations 
of  the  scribes.  The  elegy  (eh.  IxiL  p.  97)  occurs  only  in 
the  O'Clery  or  Bnissek  MS. ;  but  it  is  doubtless  ancient ; 
it  notices  some  cireumstancea^  of  which  no  other  record 
remains  to  us ;  and  an  allusion  to  Briim's  taking  "  tihe 
aovereignty  of  the  five  provinces"  (p.  99)  proves  that  it 
was  composed  after  Brian  had  been  reoognized  as  supreme 
king  of  Ireland. 


1  Gkim  Datha.  This  nune  u  now 
obsolete.  For  Mac  Liag,  see  abere, 
p.  XX.,  $q. 

•  Circumitances,    It  may  be  well  to 
explain  aome  names  of  penona  and 
plac«s  in  this  elegy.    **  The  land  of 
the  Ui  Torrdhelbhaigh''  or  descend- 
ants  of  Turlogh,  was  nearly  co-ex- 
tensive  with   the  preaent  diocese  of 
Killaloe.  The  Ui  Torrdhelbhaigh  were 
named  from  Torrdealbhach,  or  Tur- 
logh, an  ancestor  of  Mahoun,  who,  al- 
thongh  chieftain  of  his  race,  renounced 
the  world,  and  became  a  monk  in  the 
monaatery  of  Liamore.    (See  OeneaL 
Table  III.,  No.  15,  p.  247>    MagA 
Foii  (plain  of  destiny),  p.  97,  is  a 
poetical  name  of  Ireland.    We  know 
nothing  of  **the  black  steed,*'  or  of  its 
owner,  Tadhg,  son  of  MaelcheUaigh, 
except  that  the  Four  M.,  at  955,  re- 
cord the  death  of  MaelcheUaigh,  son 
of  Aedh«  abbot  or  bishop  of  Emly,  who 
wasprobablyfather  of  this  Tadhg.  St 
Ailbe,  of  Imleach  (now  Emly),  is  said 
to  have  been  in  Ireland  before  St. 
Patrick,  and  was  patron  of  Emly ;  8t 
PtUrieit,  ApoitU  ^Irekmd,  p.  203,  «g. 
Neasan  or  Nessan,  the  deacon,  was 
natron  saint  of  Mungret,  county  of 
lâmerick,  and  a  disciple  of  SL  Pat- 
rick.  Mari.  of  D<m$gai  (25  Jnly),  p. 


203.  Dnn-6aifi  was  probably  the 
name  of  one  of  the  forts  at  Donoran^ 
honse  at  Bniree.  It  appeaza  from 
these  lines  that  some  litde  jealousy 
had  sprong  np  between  Mahonn  and 
Brian.  Mahoan  had  gooe  to  Dono- 
▼an*8  honse  without  consnitîng  Brian, 
if  not  contrary  to  his  advice,  and 
some  "injustice"  had  been  done  **  by 
the  senior  brother  to  the  junior,**  pi. 
99.  Tbere  is  a  cnrions  allnaion  to  tiie 
bard's  friendship  (the  original  uaes  a 
stronger  word,  dUe,  **love*')  for  Dabh- 
cenn,  son  of  Irar  of  Limerick,  in  ocm- 
sideration  of  which  he  says,  "I  wiU 
not  revile  the  foreigners**  (p.  99). 
Jiagk  Morffom  is  now  unknown,  bnt 
was  certainly  near  Seangnalaiim,  or 
Shanagolden  (p.  99).  Possibly  It  ia 
the  parish  called  Morgans,  on  the 
Shannon,  N.  E.  of  Shanagolden.  The 
other  places  mentioned  are  either  un- 
known  to  the  editor,  or  have  already 
been  explained.  See  note,  p.  9a  TIm 
cohclndingstanza(p.  101)  oontaina  an 
allusion  to  a  curions  custmn  which  the 
editor  does  not  remember  to  have  aecn 
elsewhere  noticed,  vm^  that  calvea, 
and  probably  other  cattle,  were  made 
to  fatt  when  the  tribe  waa  in  grief 
for  the  loss  of  thehr  chieftain. 
Jonah,  iiL,  7. 


INTBODUCTION. 


CXXXV 


The  next  chapter  (bdiL)  is  a  short  introduction  to  the  Bruui, 
histoiy  which  foUows  of  Brian's  reign.  The  miirderers  MoLter. 
gained  nothing  by  their  assasemation  of  Mahoun;  for 
Briaa,  who  suoceeded  him»  wba  noi  ''  a  stone  in  place  of 
an  eggy  nor  a  wisp  of  hay  in  place  of  a  club,"  but  a  hero, 
whose  valour  surpaased  that  of  his  brother.  He  amply 
ftvenged  that  brother's  cruel  murder.  The  early  part  of 
his  reign  was  spent  in  wars  and  oonflicts  of  every  sort ; 
but  before  its  close  he  had  time  to  cultivate  the  arts  of 
civilization  and  peace. 

There  is  reason  to  think  that  the  be&mniiu;  of  the  next  The 
ehapter  has  been  cormpted  by  errors  of  transcription.*  ^J  cor»- 
But  the  means  of  probable  correction  are  at  hand.     The  bhaîsdxm 
true  reading,  a  reading,  at  least»  which  gives  a  good  tsense,  ^^d^^ 
aeems  to  be  that  of  the  Brussels  MS.     "  Ivar,  and  Dubh-  of  the 
cenn,  and  Cuallaid  were  killed  by  Ua  Domhnaill,^  of 
Corcabhaiscinn,  in  Inis  Cathaigh  [Scattery  Island],  a  year 
afler  the  slajdng  of  Mathgamhain.     Find-inis,'  and  Inis- 
mor,  and  Inis-da-Dromand,  were  plundered  by  them,  and 
the  ialands  of  the  whole  harbour  likewise,  namely,  all 
thoae  in  which  were  the  wives,  and  children,  and  seraglios 
of  the  foreigners."^     From  this  it  appears  that  the  Danes 


1  TVofwerqvfKMk  The  erron  ocovr 
in  the  Dublin  MS.  D.,  which  has  been 
foUowed  in  the  text,  p.  103.  Bat 
the  0*Clery  MS.  B.  rapplies  readings 
whidi  give  a  consistent  senae.  See 
note,  p.  102. 

*  Ua  Vomhnaitt.  This  was  the  tribe 
of  ODonnell,  of  the  co.  of  Clare, 
ieateă  in  the  west  of  Corcabhaisdnn, 
OB  the  banka  of  the  Shannoni  now  the 
barony  of  Clonderalaw. 

*  Fmd-mu.  This  name  seems  to 
hare  become  obsolete.  It  is  not  men-' 
tioned  in  D.  Perfaaps  it  may  be 
what  is  now  called  Feenish  TslancL 
Inis-m6r  is  now  Canon  Ishind,  the 
largest  of  the  groap  of  small  islands  in 
tibat  ezpansion  of  the  Shannon  whieh 
receives  the  riyer  Fergns,  where  is  also 


Inis-da-Dromand  (island  of  two  backsi 
or  ronnd  hiUs),  now  Inishdadrouni. 

*  Foreignen.  The  Fonr  M.  (976) 
and  Tigemach  (957)  attribute  to 
Brianthe  '*  riolation  **  of  Inis  Cath- 
aigh on  this  occasion,  and  the  slaying 
of  Ivar  and  his  sons,  Amlaff  and 
Dnbhcenn,  withoot  any  mention  of 
the  O^DonneU.  Here  it  seems  that 
Cu-alaidh  or  Cnallaid  (as  already  re- 
marked,  see  p.  ciii.,  ».)  is  called 
Amlaff.  Inis  Cathaigh,  or  Scatteiy 
Island,  was  the  seat  of  a  celebrated 
religioos  honse  founded  by  St  Senan ; 
and  hence  the  annalist  speaks  of  the 
holy  place  being  **yiolated"  by  the 
slanghter  of  the  Danes  there,  howerer 
jostifiableand  necessary  that  slaught& 
may  hare  been. 


CXXXVl 


INTRODUCTION. 


Donovan 
attacked 
and  elaln. 


Hission  to 

MoUoy, 

Poetical 

initructions 

by  Brian 

Co  hifl 

measenger. 


of  Lîinerick,  afber  their  great  defeat  by  Mahoun,  had  in- 
trenched  themselves  in  Scattery  Island  as  their  head- 
quarters,  concealing  their  women  and  children  in  the 
smaller  and  more  remote  islanda/  until  they  could  get 
reinforcements  from  their  countrymen.  There  the  O'Don- 
nells,  who  were  probably  acting  under  Brian,  attacked 
them  and  slew  their  leaders.  A  great  spoil  of  gold,  silver, 
and  wealth  of  various  kinds,  was  found  in  these  islanda. 

Harold,  the  only  surviving  eon  of  Ivar,  was  now  recog- 
nized  as  king  of  ihe  foreigners  of  Munster  (p.  103) ;  and 
Donovan,  knowing  what  he  had  to  fear  from  the  vengeanoe 
of  Brian,  sought  the  alliance  of  the  Danes,  and  invited 
Harold  to  his  house.  But  Brian  invaded  Donovan'a 
territory  of  Hy  Fidhgente,  drove  off  his  cattle,  took  the 
fortress  of  Cathair  Cuan,  and  slew  Donovan  and  his 
Danish  ally,  Harold,  after  prodigious  slaughter  of  the 
foreigners.  This  was  the  second  year'  after  the  assassin- 
ation  of  Mahoun. 

The  punishment  of  Molloy  was  Brian's  next  object ; 
and  here  we  have  a  long  interpolation  (which  does  not 
occur  in  the  older  MS.),  in  the  shape  of  a  bardic  poem, 
attributed  to  Brian  himself  This  poem,  a  state  paper  in 
verse,  contains  the  instructions  given  to  Cogarăn,  "  the 
confidenţial  officer  of  Brian,"  to  claim  reparation  for  the 
murder  of  Mahoun,  and  to  declare  war  in  form,  against 
Molloy.  Cogarăn  is  directed  to  demand  of  the  sons  of 
Bran  (Molloy's  father)  and  of  the  whole  tribe  of  the  Ui 
Eachach,  of  which  Molloy  was  chieftain,  why  they  killed 
Mahoun.  He  was  instructed  to  denounce  woe  upon  them 
for  killing  an  imarmed  man,  and  for  preferring  to  bd  on 
Ivar*s  side,  rather  than  on  the  side  of  their  own  countiy- 
men  and  kinsmen.  Brian  added  that  even  though  he 
himself  were  willing  to  forgive  this  murder  of  his  brother, 
the  brave  Dai  Cais  would  not  forgive — ^the  heads  of  femi- 


^  1  lilandi,    See  p.  ev.,  ». 

•  Steond  pear.    See  Four  M.,  976  = 
978.    Cathair  Cnan  may  have  been 


one  of  the  forts  at  Bruree.  Thli 
battle  was  mentioned  before,  p.  45. 
See  above,  p.  xdx.,  n. 


INTRODUCriON. 


cxxxvu 


lies  amongst  them  (whom  he  names)^  would  not  forgive 
— therefore  the  Dai  Cais,  or  Clan  Cormaic,  would  submit 
to  be  difipersed  abroad  in  all  quarters,  even  to  the  country 
of  the  O'Neill,*  the  most  remote  part  of  Ireland,  rather 
than  yield  up  to  MoUoy,  that  which  he  was  contending 
for,  and  which  was  the  object  of  his  crime,  namely, 
the  sovereignty  of  Munster,  or  of  the  south  of  Ireland. 
Accordingly  Cogar&n  was  commanded  to  announce  to  the 
tribe  of  the  Ui  Eachach,  that  no  cv/mhal  or  fine  would 
be  received,  in  the  shape  of  hostages,  or  horses,  gold  or 
silver,  cattle  or  land,  and  that  MoUoy  must  himself  be 
given  up. 

A  fiill  fortnight  was  aUowed  afler  the  delîvery  of  this  Chaileng* 
message,  at  which  time  Molloy  was  challenged  to  battle  ^  °^' 
at  Belach-Lechta^  or  else,  it  was  threatened,  the  Dai  Cais, 
led  by  their  chiefbain  Brian,  would  attack  him  in  his 
own  house  (p.  107).  Together  with  this  general  decla- 
ration  of  war,  the  messenger  was  charged  to  deliver  to 
MoUoy  a  particular  challenge  to  single  combat  from 
Murchadh'  (or  Murrogh)  the  great,  the  son  of  Brian,  who 
was  afberwards  alain  with  his  &ther  at  Clontarf 

Then,  we  are  briefly  told,  Kîan  fought  the  battle  of  Battle  of 
Belach-Lechta,^   or   Belach-Leghtha,   in  which  MoUoy,  ^^J^ 


^  WJiomhenames.  Seep.105.  Tbese 

wcre  all  of  Mahonn's  immediate  family . 

Conamg,  alain  at  Clontarf,  1014 ;  Cein- 

seide,  anoeator  of  O'Kennedy;   and 

Longergan  (wbQM  grandson  ia  men- 

tioned,  Fonr  M.,  ^045),  were  nephews 

of  Hahoan,  the  sona  of  bis  brother, 

Bonscnan,  loid  of  Ormond  (sL  948). 

At  the   time   of  AUhpun^s  mnrder, 

therefore,  theee  hia  nephews  were  all 

of  age,  and  able  to  take  .rengeance  on 

his  murderer.      Ogan    (ancestor   ol 

O'Hogan)  was  the  son  of  £cl\tighem, 

vho  was  the  son  of  Cosgrach,  son  of 

Lorcan,  and  brother  of  Ceinneide,  the 

lather  of  Mahonn  and  Brian.    There 

was  another  Echtighem,  lord  of  Tho- 


)  mond,  Mahonn's  elder  brother.    But 
he  was  slaia  in  948  (=949)  Fonr  M. 

^O'NeUl  This  seems  to  be  the 
meaning  of  the  ol^cqre  stanza,  **  The 
Clann  Cormaic  from  af ar,"  &c.,  p.  105. 
The  text  ia  evidently  corrupt. 

^Murchadh.  See  p.  105.  In  this 
stanza  Marchadh  is  called  **  heir  of 
the  chirfHng  of  Erinn,"  which  leads  to 
the  snspicion  that  this  poem  mnst  not 
have  been  written  nntil  after  the  year 
1002,  when  Brian  became  **  chief  king 
of  Ireland.** 

*  Belach-Lechta,  This  is  a  chasm  in 
the  moontain  called  Cenn-Abrath  or 
Cenn-Febrath.  A.ccording  to  a  legend 
told  in  the  Tripartite  Life  of  St.  Pat» 

k 


CXXXVUl 


INTRODUCÎTION. 


Manner  of 

Mo11o7*8 

death. 


"  king  of  Munster,"*  fell,  with  1,200  of  his  troops,  both 
foreigners  and  Irish,  and  the  victor  took  hoetages  of 
South  Munster,  or  Desmond. 

In  this  short  account  of  the  battie  no  mention  is  made 
of  the  person  by  whom  MoUoy  was  slain.*   The  nairative 


rickţ  this  motintain  lies  between  Loch 
Longa  (N.W.  of  Glenworth,  în  Fer- 
moy,  00.  of  Cork),  and  Ardpatrick,  in 
the  barony  of  Coshlea,  co.  of  Limerick. 
St  Patrick  wiahing  to  erect  a  church 
in  thk  latter  place,  the  chieftain  of 
the  conntry  opposed  him,  but  said  that 
if  Patrick  could  remove  the  great 
monntain,  Cenn-Febrath,  so  as  to  give 
him  from  the  place  where  he  stood  a 
view  of  Loch  Longa,  he  would  be- 
come  a  Christlan.  Patrick  having 
prayed  in  faith  of  the  Lord^s  promise, 
(Matt.  XYÎL  20),  the  monntain  began 
to  bend  from  its  top  nntil  a  great 
piece  of  it  lay  level  with  the  plain, 
fonning  the  chasm  or  pass  called 
Selaeh-LeghthCj  *'  Road  of  Melting,** 
or  disBolying.  **  Est  antem  in  pr»- 
dicto  monte,  in  loco  nbi  montis  dimi- 
nutio  Tisa  est  incipere,  via  patens, 
qiuB  nomine  înde  recepto  perpetuam 
facit  miraculi  memoriam.  Vocatur 
enim  vulgo  Bdach-Leghthoj  .i.  via 
liquefactionis  vel  resolntionis,  quia 
ibi  mons  videbatnr  prius  resolutionem 
etâiminutionem  patL**  Vit,  TWp.,  iii., 
c.  48.  (Colgan,  Trias  Thmm.,  p.  158). 
See  0*Donovan,  Suppl.  to  O'JieiUy,  in 
vocCeoim-o^ArafA.  Belach-Lechta,  as 
the  name  is  written  in  the  preaent  woric, 
and  by  the  Fonr  M.,  signifies  "the 
road  of  the  Tomb  or  Monument,** 
and  is  so  translated  by  Dr.  O'Conor, 
Cenn-Febrath  is  now  Belach-Febrath, 
vulgo  BtUlahovora, 

^King  of  Muntter,  Here  MoUoy 
is  ezprasly  called  "  King  of  Munster,** 
and  his  right  to  succeed  Mathgamhain 
admitted,  although  in  the  list  of 
Jfunster  kings  (chap.  ii.)  his  name  is 


omitted.  But  we  have  shown  that 
this  list  is  the  interpolation  of  a  tru- 
scriber,  and  did  not  proceed  from  the 
original  author.    See  p.  xvii. 

s  Wat  slam.    The  Dublin  Âniials 
of  Inisfallen  say  that  Molloy  was  sUin 
in  the  battie  by  Murchadh,son  of  Brian. 
For  this  the  only  authority  seems  to 
be  the  poetical  challenge  to  a  dngle 
combat,  sent  on  the  part  of  Murchadh 
to  Molloy  by  the  messenger  Cogirin. 
See  p.  105.   The  account  of  the  battie 
given  in  these  Annals  nnder  A.D.  978 
(which  is  the  true  year)  is  as  followi: 
— **The  battie  of  Belach-LeachU  [wu 
gained]  by  Brian,  son  of  Ceinneide, 
and  by  Murchadh,  Brian^s  son,  and  bf 
the  Dai  Cais,  over  Maolmuaidh,  son  of 
Brun,  wiUi  the  race  of  Eoghan  mâr 
and  the  Lochlanns  of    Munster,  in 
which  Maolmuaidh  was  slain  by  the 
hand  of  Murchadh,  son  of  Brian,  and 
twelve  hundred  of  the  Gaill,  with  a 
great  multitude  of  the  GaedhiL  Some 
hiaturians,  and  our  author"  [Le.  the 
author  of  the  original  Annals  of  Inis- 
fallen] "  in  particular,  say  that  it  was 
at  Berna  Derg,  on  Sliabh  Caoin,  this 
battie  was  fought,  or  at  Sliabh  Fera- 
muighe-Feine  [Fermoy  monntain].  I 
find  in  other  old  writers  that  it  wason 
Cnoc  Ramhia,  on  thesouth  aideof  MaOa 
[Mallow],  on  the  road  to  Corcach 
[Cork],  that  this  victory  was  gained 
[/iV.,  this  defeat  was  ffiven]  by  Brian; 
and  I  find  in  other  writers  that  tbe 
battie  of  Belach-Leachta  was  fonght 
beside  Macromtha  [Macroom],  dose  to 
Muisire«na-mona-m6r."  Ann.  Innisf. 
(Dubi),  A.D.  978.    It  seems  evident 
that  there  is  some  confosion  in  thii 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXXXIX 


evidentiy  implies  tbat  he  was  slain  in  the  battie  in  fair 
%ht,  and  not  under  any  peculiar  circumstances ;  but  the 
former  account  of  bis  death  (chap.  Ixi.)  tells  us  tbat  Aedh 
Gebennach,  of  the  Deisi-beg,  "  found  bim  in  an  alder  but/* 
at  the  ford  of  Belach-Lechta,  and  slew  bim  tbere  after  he 
had  been  "  deprived  of  bis  eyes  tbrough  the  curse  of  the 
clerk."  Tbis  represents  bim  as  baving  been  slain,  not  in 
the  battie  itself,  but  inunediately  after  the  battie.  It 
may  have  been  tbat  he  lost  bis  eyes  in  the  battie,  wbich 
misfortune  was  believed  to  be  the  consequence  of  the 
derk's  cuise  (see  p.  93) ;  and  tbat  baving  concealed  bim- 
seif  in  the  alder  but  near  the  ford,  Aedh  Qebennach  dis- 
coYered  bis  retreat,  and  slew  bim  witbout  mercy.  This 
sapposition  seems  the  only  mode  of  reconcilijig  the  two 
acoounts,  if  indeed  it  does  reconcile  them. 

Brian  baving  tbus  subdued  bis  enemies  and  taken  bost-  Brian  k!ng 
ages,  became,  by  the  death  of  Molloy,  undisputed  king  of  °'^'*°***'- 
Hunster ;  and  the  remainder  of  the  present  work  is  de- 
voted  to  his  bistory  and  achievements.  He  commenced 
by  the  reduction  of  the  Deisi,  or  Decies  of  Waterford, 
who  were  in  dose  alliance^  with  the  Danes  of  Waterford 
and  Limerick.  After  a  victory  at  Fan-Conracb,*  or,  as  it 
is  also  called,  D^  Fain-Conracb,  he  "  ravaged  and  plun- 
dered"  the  whole  country  to  Port  Lairge,  the  harbour  of 


•ccoimt  between  the  place  wh«re  Ma- 
hoan  was  mnidered  and  the  place 
where  Molloy  was  slain. 

^^fltoiiee.  Donovan,  the  marderar 
€f  Mahona,  is  said  to  have  married  a 
dsnghter  of  the  Danish  king  of  Water- 
ford, and  his  danghter  was  married 
to  Imhar  or  iTar  of  Waterford.  See 
GeoeaL  TaUe  V.,  p.  249. 

*  FwnrOmrack,  The  Dublin  Ann. 
ef  Inisfallen,  and  Mnlconry^s  MS. 
copy  of  Keating,  caii  this  place  Fan 
Bic  Coniach.  Fmi  may  mean  ehnnrek 
{Pom  ipw) ;  and  there  is  a  Cmimther 
[or  Presbyter]  CommuA  in  the  Irlsh 
Cakndar,  at  Feb.  28.  See  MwrL  of 
Domgai   Bnt  Ftm  is  also  a  decHoit^, 


a  âloping  grcumd^  which  is,  donbtless, 
the  meaning  here ;  and  we  may  infer 
from  the  name  DSm  Fain-Conrach  (fort 
of  Fan-Gonrach)  that  there  was  an 
antient  fortreas  at  the  place.  It  was 
probably  in  the  neighboorhood  of  the 
town  of  Waterford.  A  friend  has  sug- 
geated  that  Ccnraeh  may  have  been 
oormpted  into  Comeragh,  and  haye 
giren  name  to  the  Comeragh  monn- 
tains,  co.  of  Waterford.  He  states 
also  that  there  are  considerable  re- 
msins  of  earthworks  on  the  sideof  the 
monntain  facing  the  dty  of  Waterford, 
and  that  traditions  exist  among  the 
people  of  a  battie  fbnght  there  by 
Brian. 

£2 


cxl 


nn'RODucrrioN. 


Waterford.  He  banîshed  Domhnall,^  son  of  Faelan,  kîng 
of  the  Deisi  of  Waterford,  who,  we  are  told,  had  "  forced 
the  war  upon  him,"  altliough  no  mentîon  is  made  of  this 
chiefbain  in  the  former  part  of  our  author's  narrative. 

£bying  gained  these  advantages,  Brian  took  hostages 

from  Mumhain  or  Munster,  the  only  mode  at  that  time  of 

eecuring  the  loyalty  of  any  tribe ;  in  other  words,  he  was 

recognized  as  king  of  Munster ;  and  it  is  mentioned  that 

he  also  took  hostages  of  the  churckes,  "  lest  they  should 

receive  rebek  or  thieves  to  sanctuary."* 

Hî8  con-        Ossory  was  next  subdiied.     Gillapatrick,'  son  of  Donn- 

o^ţ^^^chadh,  its  "king"  or  chieftain,  was  taken  prisoner,  and 

Leinster.     forced  to  give  hostages.    Brian  then  marched  to  Leinster, 

to  the  great  plain  of  Magh  Ailbhe,^  where  he  reeeived  the 


1  DomhnalL  The  Ann.  Inisf .  say  tbut 
Domhnall  was  slain  on  this  occasion  ; 
but  thU  is  contrary  to  our  aathor's 
testimony,  and  to  the  Four  M.,  who 
teii  ns  that  he  died  in  995  =  A.D. 
997.  He  was  the  son  of  that  Faelan, 
flon  of  Cormac,  king  of  the  Deisi, 
who  was  murdered  by  Ivar  of  Lime- 
rick,  in  consequence  of  bis  adherence 
to  the  cause  of  the  Dal-Cais.  (See 
eh.  L,  p.  73,  and  p.  oxvii.  «tţpra, 
n.  ^).  And  yet  we  now  find  the  son 
on  the  opponte  side,  in  alliance  with 
the  Danisb  enemy.  A  similar  instance 
of  the  facility  with  which  the  clans 
changed  sides  in  tbose  turbulent  times, 
is  found  in  the  fact  that  Cian,  son  of 
Molloy,  immediately  after  the  death  of 
his  father,  made  peace  with  Brian, 
married  Sadhbb,  or  Sabia,  Brian*8 
danghter,  fought  with  him  on  the 
occasion  mentioned  in  the  text  against 
the  Deisi,  and  afterwards  at  Clon- 
tarf. 

'Sanduary.    See  eh.  IxvL,  p.  107. 

•  Gillapatrick,  Tliis  chieftain  was 
ion  of  Donnchadh,  son  of  Cellach, 
son  of  the  celebrated  CearbhaU, 
.tf  vCarroU,  king  of    Dublin,  whose 


alliance -with  the  Norsemen  of  Ice> 
land  and  Dublin  is  so  remarkable 
a  fact  in  Irish  histocy.  -Gillapatrick 
in  997  (Four  M.,  995)  was  slain  by 
Donovan,  son  of  Ivar  of  Waterford 
(see  GeneaL  Table  IV.,  No.  25),  and 
by  Domhnall,  son  of  FaeUuo,  of  whom 
we  have  just  spoken.  Gillapatrick 
was  the  ancestorof  the  iamily  of  Mae 
Gillaphadruig,  of  Ossoiy,  who  hsYtt 
now  taken  the  name  of  f  itzpatrick. 

*  Magh  AUbhe,  There  is  a  townland 
and  Tillage  now  ealled  Jfcyno/ry,  in 
-the  parish  of  Kilmore,  barony  of  Upper 
Deece,  county  of  Meath^  but  this  was 
not  in  Leinster.  Dinn-^ogh  (now 
Ballyknockan  Moat),  one  of  the  resî- 
dences  or  palaces  of  »the  kings  of 
Leioster,  was  in  a  plain,  also  called 
Magh  Ailbhe,  on  the  bank»of  the  Bar- 
row,  a  little  to  the  south  of  Leighlin 
bridge,  ia  the  townlmd  ol  Bally- 
knockan, county  of  Carlow;  {Booik 
ofUigktt,  pp.  14, «.  o,  16,  n,  *.)  In  tha 
Magh  Ailbhe  of  Meath  ma»  a  stone, 
called  Lia  Ailbhe  [Stone  of  Ailbhe], 
which  fell  A.D.  1000,  and  was  mads 
into  four  millstones  by  King  Ifalachy 
U.;   Foitr   M.  (998=1000).     Tfe» 


INTBODUCTION. 


cxli 


homage^  of  the  two  kings  of  Leinster,  Domhnall  Claen, 
king  of  the  eastem,  and  Tuathal,  king  of  the  western 
plain  of  Liph^,  or  Liffey.  This  was  eight  years  after  the 
murder  of  Mahonn,  or  A.D.  984 ;  and  thus  Brian  in  that 
year  became  the  acknowledged  king,  not  of  Munster  only, 
but  of  all  Leth-Mogha,  the  southem  half  of  Ireland. 

And  now  he  began  to  aim  at  becoming  supreme  king  His  naval 
of  aJl  Ireland.  He  assembled  "  a  great  marine  fleet"  on  ^^'*' 
Loch  Deiig-Dheirc.  He  went  himself  in  command  of 
300  boats'  up  the  Shannon  to  Loch  Ree.  From  this  posi- 
tion  he  plundered  Meath  as  far  as  Uisnech,^  and  Brefnâ 
(a  district  comprising  the  counties  of  Leitrim  and  Cavan), 
"beyond  Ath-liag  and  upwards."^  He  sent  also  620, 
whether  boats  or  men  is  not  said,  into  Connaught,  where 
"great  evik"  were  perpetrated,  and  Muirghius  (or  Morris), 
son  of  Conchobhair,  the  chieftain  next  in  succession  as 
eligible  to  the  throne  of  Connaught,  was  slain.*   It  appears 


iliM.  UU,  (99S-9)  caii  thb  stone  prim 
dmdgnai  maighi  Bregh,  *'  the  prin- 
cipal monument  of  Mag%  Bregk,** 

^  Homage.  **They  came  into  his 
honae**  (p.  107) ;  i.e.,  they  submitted 
to  Mm,  and  paid  him  homage.  See 
alao  p.  118,  and  p.  Ixxxix.,  supra^  n.  >. 

*  Boata,  The  word  used  is  iMtar  or 
ItOMtary  which  signifies  a  bowl,  a  drink- 
ing  cup,  any  kind  of  vessel,  a  small 
bcnL  See  O'Donovan,  Suppt  to 
aS/nOţ,  The  MS.  B  nses  the  word 
eotor,  which  ia  probably  a  small  river 
boat.  Cormac's  glossary  derives  it 
from  €thur  (inter)  betweea :  .1.  ethaid 
0  wr  eo  or;  **becaiMe  it  goes  from 
ahiore  to  ahore."  Siohu^  ed.j  p.  18, 
TOC  Etkur, 

*  Uimech,  Kow  Usghnah  hill,  or 
Knbck-Ushnagh,  midway  between 
Ifnllingar  and  Ballymore,  co.  of 
Westileath. 

*  Upwardg.  i.e.,  northof  Ath-liag, 
a  ford  of  the  Shannon,  on  the  borders 
of  fioacommon  and  Longford,  where 


the  town  of  Lanesborongh  now  stands. 
This  town  is  called  in  Irish  Bel-Atha- 
Liag,  mouth  of  Ath-liag,  or  of  the 
stone-ford.  In  934  (4  M.)  Olaf 
Coaran  and  his  *  Gaill  came  from 
Loch  £me  acrou  Brefne  to  Loch 
Ree,  passing  through  the  connty  of 
Longford,  which  was  the  ancient 
Tebhtha,  or  Teffia. 

fi  Slain.  Two  others  are  mentioned 
as  having  been  slain  by  Brian,  but 
they  are  not  said  to  have  been  slain  on 
this  occasion.  Theseare — 1.  Ruaidhri 
(or  Rory),  son  of  Cosgrach,  "  King  of 
the  Ui  Briuin,"orde8cendantsof  Brian, 
brother  of  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages. 
(^ee  O'Flaherty,  West  Connaugkt,  p. 
126,  âq.)  The  Four  M.  teii  us  that 
this  chieftain  was  slain  in  992  (=994), 
not  by  Brian  or  his  troops,  but  by 
Conchobhair,  son  of  Maelseachlainn, 
and  by  GioUa-Cheallaigh  (or  KU- 
kelly),  son  of  Comhaltan  0*Clery,  lord 
of  HyFiachrachAidhne.  (CDonovan, 
By  Eiadirach^  p.  892).    2.  Muirghiusi 


cxlii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Malacby 
alarmed. 


from  the  Four  Masters  (A.D.  987=989),  that  the  foreigners 
of  Waterford  were  amongst  Brîan's  forces  on  this  oocasion. 
These  exploits  seem  to  have  alarmed  Maelseachlainn, 
or  Malachy  II.,  king  of  Ireland,  who  had  been  eighteen 
years  on  his  throne,  and  had  strengthened  himself  by 
many  victories  over  the  Danes  and  native  chieftains.' 
He  now  took  steps  to  come  to  an  understanding  with 
Brian."  The  two  chieftains  met  at  Pleîn-Pattoigi*  (p.  109), 
where  Brian  had  bronght  his  fleet,  and  "  a  mutual  peace" 
condnded.  y^BQ  concluded.  It  was  agreed  that  all  hostages  in  the 
custody  of  Malachy  were  to  be  surrendered  to  Brian ; 
whether  they  were  of  the  Munster  foreigners,  or  of  the 
Leinster  tribes,  of  the  Hy  Fiachrach- Aidhne  (in  the  county 
of  Galway),  or  of  the  Hy  Many  (West  Connaught).     On 


A  peace 


son  of  Rnaidhri  or  Roiy,  who,  our 
anthoriays,  **wa8  slain  afterwardfi." 
The  Four  M.  record  his  death  at  995 
(=997),  thus;  "a  battle  was  gained 
over  the  Munster-men  by  Cathal  and 
HuirghiuB,  the  two  sons  of  Roaidhrî, 
Bon  of  Cosgrach,  apd  by  Ui  Cellaigb 
[O'KelIy],  wherein  many  fell,  and 
Moirghius,  son  of  Ruaidhri,  fell  in  the 
heat  of  the  conflict." 

1  Chieftains.  In  983,  Malachy,  then 
in  alliance  with  his  half  brother,  Glon- 
iarain,  son  of  his  mother  Donnflaith 
by  Olaf  Coaran,  defeated,  in  a  bloody 
battle,  Domhnall  Claen,  k.  of  Leinster, 
and  Ivar,  of  Waterford,  after  which 
he  pltindered  Leinster.  In  985  he 
plondered  Connaught,  and  sleW  its 
chieftains.  In  989  he  defeated  the 
Danes,  and  besieged  them  in  the  Ddn 
of  Dublin  for  tweuty  nights,  until  they 
capitulated  for  want  of  water,  and 
promised  a  tribute  to  be  paid  every 
Christmas  for  ever.  In  990  Malachy 
gained  a  victory  in  Thomond,  Brian's 
own  conntiy.  In  992  he  invaded 
Connaught  and  repulsed  Brian,  who 
had  advanced  into  Meath  as  far  as 


Loch  Annîn,  now  Lough  EnnelL  In 
996,  two  years  before  the  peaoe  of 
Blean-Phuttoge,  Malachy  had  plun- 
dercd  Kenagh,  in  Tipperaxy,  and  de- 
feated  Brian ;  he  then  again  attacked 
Dublin,  and  carried  off  the  Ring  of 
Tomar  and  the  sword  of  Carlus,  relics 
which  were  held  in  honpur  by  the 
Dublin  Danes.  /burlT.,  d94(=99a) 
But  our  author  does  not  mention  these 
triumphs  of  Malachy.  They  explain, 
however,  how  he  came  to  have  in  hia 
custody  the  koaiaget  alluded  to  in  the 
treaty;  and  also  why  Brian  so  readily 
came  to  terms. 

'  Brian,  This  treaty  is  passed  over 
without  notice  by  all  our  annalists^ 
except  the  Dubi.  Inisfall.,  where  it  ia 
mentioned  at  997. 

*  Plein  Pattoigi.  This  place  is  now 
BUan-PlaUtogtj  a  townland  in  the 
barony  of  Kilkenny  West,  county  of 
Westmeath,  on  the  shore  of  Lough 
Ree.  Ord.  Ăfap,  Sheet  15.  Th^  word 
Bkin  or  Blean,  signifies  a  harbour. 
For  this  Identification  the  editor  is 
indebted  to  the  reaearch  of  Mr.  W.  M. 
Hennessy. 


INTRODUCTION. 


cxliii 


these 


condiţiona  Malachy  was  to  be  reoognized  as  sole 


^^  ^ereign  of  Leth  Cuinn  (the  northem  haîf  of  Ireload), 
^îthout  war  or  trespass  of  Brian."    This  was  A.D.  998, 
^  years  before  the  battle  of  Glen-mama. 
^   ^  After  the  death  of  Domhnall  Claen,"  the  provinee  of  Revolt  of 
*^mster  revolted,*  and  made  an  alliance  with  the  Danes  ^-«»^*«^- 
^  ^^blin  (eh.  Ixvii),  menacing  Brian  with  war.     He 
^J'efore  mustered  his  forces,    and    marched    towards 
^hUn,  intending  to  blodcade  the  city.    He  appears  to 
^6  ialted  on  his  way  in  a  place  called  Glen-mama,  or 
^  ^^  of  the  Gap,  near  Dunlavin,  the  antient  fortress  of  the 
^^^^  of  I^einster,  in  the  county  of  Wicklow.  Here  Malachy 
f'^  to  have  joined  him,  and  here  he  was  opposed  by  the 
^^^Daiiiah  and  Leinster  armies,  who  had  previously 
aent  away  their  families  and  cattle  for  safety  into  an 
angk^  lieaj-  Glen-mama. 

-^^^^'^^ed  at  finding  that  Brian  was  moving  there,  they  BatUe  of 
went  foirward   "  beyond  their   families"  to  meet  him.  2|^- 
Thete    exigued   a  bloody  battle,  in   which,  afler  great 


mama. 


\  ^^Us0oL     There  îs  some  difficulty 

-^efe  '^  ^W   chronology.     Domhnall 

0l^s^eathuiâated985.   Thetreaty 

^1^  lialachy  is  dated  99S.    There- 

{of^  ^  "^^  imdeTstand  onr  anthor  to 

^y  that  Wntter  re  volted  immediately 

^ter  ilie  death  of  Domhnall  Claen, 

^)sat  revolt  mnst  have  taken  place  12 

^  13  years  before  the  treaty  of  peace. 

^t  k  nora  probable,  however,  that  the 

^fioâ»  "after  the  death  of  Domhnall 

0t0O^^  were  not  intended  to  imply 

^gtmediateljf  after  his  death;  or  else 

ţfift  the  revolt  had  continned  for  some 

^jme  before  Brian  felt  himself  strong 

^mnigh  to  march  npon  Dnblin. 

*  An  angk.  Called  by  our  anthor 
j^oaUl  CfuU,  the  "  angle  of  the  f  oraign- 
ţi^**  AxUla  GaUorum,  See  note  p.  110. 
ijliere  is  still  near  Dnnlavin  a  cnrious 
^njnilar  plece  of  land,  which,  althongh 
^gjfoanded  by  the  counties  of  Wicklow 


and  Kildare,  was  formerly  a  part  of  the 
county  of  Dublin.  It  is  now  in  the 
barony  of  South  Kaas,  oo.  of  Kildare. 
This  was  possibly  the  angle.  to  which 
the  Leinstennen  sent  their  cattle  and 
families.  But  they  are  saidtohaveused 
for  the  same  purjjose  the  districts  of  Ui 
Briuin  Chualann,  Ui  Gabhra  [reoJUi 
Gabhla],  and  Ui  Donnchadha  (page 
111.)  The  Ui  Briuin  Chualainn  were 
the  descendants  of  Brian,  brother  of 
Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages,  who  settled 
in  the  district  ronnd  Sliabh  Cualann, 
now  Suffor-loqf  mountain,  in  the  ter- 
ritory  of  Cualann,  south  of  the  co.  of 
Dublin,  and  north  of  Wicklow.  The  Ui 
Gabhla  were  eeated  in  the  S.  of  the  co. 
of  KUdare.  See  Four  M.,  A.D.  497 
(p.  160,  n.  ».)  The  territory  of  the  Ui 
Donnchadha  (or  O'Donoghue)  is  de- 
scribed  as  that  throngh  which  the  river 
Dodder  flows,  in  the  oo.  of  Dublin. 


cxliv 


INTRODUCTION. 


slaughter  on  both  sides,  Brian^  was  victorious.  Aralt/  or 
Harold,  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  tlie  heir  apparent  of  the 
foreigners  of  Ireland,  Cuilean,  son  of  Echtighem,'  and 
4,000  of  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  were  slain.*  The  victorious 


1  Brian,  Cur  author  makes  no 
mentionol  MaelseachlaiimorMalachy 
in  this  engagement,  although  f rom  the 
ac6onnt  given  of  the  battle  by  Tighern- 
adi  and  the  Foor  M.  there  ia  good 
reaaon  to  think  that  Malachy  was 
preaent.  The  Annals  of  Ulster,  how- 
ever^  make  xio  mention  of  him. 

•  Sort  ofEchtighem,  The  Fonr  M., 
Hghernach,  and  the  Ano.  Uit.  caii 
this  chieftain  "  Cuilen,  son  of  Eitigen,** 
and  epeak  of  him  as  one  of  the  "  chiefs 
of  Athcliath"  (Dublin);  his  name 
■eema  Celtic,  bat  from  this  we  can 
draw  no  inference.  Cuilen  was  the 
name  of  a  son  of  Cearbhall,  son  of 
Dungal,  lord  of  Ossory,  and  king  of 
Dublin.    Fowr  M,,  884. 

*  Slain,  The  f ollowing  interesting 
account  of  the  site  of  this  famous 
batUe  has  been  communicated  to  the 
editor  by  the  Rev.  John  Francis 
Sheannan,  formerly  R.C.  Curate  in 
that  neighbonrhood,  now  of  Howth. 
^Glenmama  is  said  by  all  our  his- 
torians  to  have  been  in  the  neighbour- 
hood  of  Dunlavin  (Dun-Liamhna); 
the  name  is  ancient,  and  is  mentioned 
in  the  CWcuit  of  Irekmd  hy  Muirckear- 
taeh  MacNâU,  edited  by  Dr.  0*Dond- 
▼an,  line  61.  The  name,  however,  is 
now  unknown  in  the  neighbourhood, 
and  «tterty  f orgotten,  nnless  it  be  sup- 
poaed  to  exist  still  in  a  cormpted 
foim  in  the  name  of  the  townland  of 
itfathwar,  popnlarly  Man  ofwar^  in  the 
parish  of  Tubber.  A  wide-spread  tra- 
dition  of  a  great  battle  against  the 
Danes  exista  among  the  people,  and 
men  of  the  last  generation  could  point 
out  the  place  where  the  bodiet  of  the 


alain  lay  heaped  together  in  promis^ 
cuous  sepultnre.    The  road  by  which 
Brian  pursued  the  retreating  Danes  is 
still  well  known.    An  elevated  table- 
land  rises  aboiit  2  miles  below  Bally- 
more  Eustace,   and  runs  north  and 
south  for  nearly  8  miles  to  Rathsal- 
lagh,  forming   a    sub-range  to  the 
Wicklow  mountains.    Aboiit  midway 
a  ralley  divides  this  ridge  east  and 
west,  on  the  southem  slope  of  which, 
facîng  the  west,  ihe  modem  town  of 
Dunlavin  stands.     The  anclent  for- 
tress  of  Dunlarin  lay  more  to  the 
south,  and  higher  up  on  the  hill  âde. 
The  moat  of    Toumant  marks  the 
place,  where  is  also  an  old  cemetery, 
with  remains  of  a  still  earlier  time, 
pagan  tumuli,  and  fragments  of  stone 
circles,  known  in  this  part  of  the  conn- 
try   as    the   *Piper*s  stones.*     This 
yalley,  I  beliere,  is  the  ancient  Glen- 
mama ;  and  although  there  is  now  no 
i^oad  or  pathway  through  it,  a  road  ia 
said  to  have  mn  through  this  glen 
froitt  the  earliest  period,  leading  to 
liiamhain,   Maistin,   and   the   other 
primiâve  fortresses  of  mid-Ldnster, 
aAd  thence  eastwards  to  the  port  ol 
Wicklow  by  Glendalough  and  Holy- 
wood,  whence  an  old  road  ran  acroşa 
the  mountains,  which  still  retains  in 
some  places  its  ancient  parement,  not 
nnlike  the  old  Roman  roads.    It  ia 
locally  called  SL  Kevin's  road,  thia 
saint  having  made  his  fiist  retreat  at 
HoljTwood,  where  his  care  is  still  to 
be  seen,  with  many  other  remînJscenoea 
of  his  retirement    The  precise  spot  in 
this  valley  where  tradition  says  the 
«fight  begas,'  is  sitoated  between  the 


INTRODUCnON. 


cxlv 


anny  seems  to  have  met  with  no  opposition  on  their  way 
to  Dublin,  where  they  immediately  made    themselves 


towiUands  of  Friar-hill,  in  the  parish  of 
Tabber,  ud  BUck-hill  and  Brewer's- 
luHf  in  the  pariah  of  Dnnlavin  (Ord. 
M^P)  S^eet  15),  at  a  point  somewhat 
to  the  weet  of  the  place  in  which  the 
^•JiAes  of  Dnnlavin,    Tnbber,   and 
CfT^elpe,  or  Crehelpt  meet  in  the  slate 
qnarries.    At  this  spot  the  yalley  nar- 
robiri,  mth  steep  banks  on  the  sonth  or 
BlAck-hiU  side.    Towarda  the  east  it 
«gain  ivideDS,  and  on  the  S.  aide  is  an 
cngle  caHed  Gauleenlana  (i.e.,  'gabat- 
an-glenna,  the  fork  of  the  glen), 
oppoaite  to  which  a  glen  nins  north- 
ward  ap  to  the  townland  of  Maintear, 
This  is  now  called  Tnbber  glen,  but  its 
older  name  waa  *■  Glenvigeha^  C5^"~ 
yf^ein,  Glen  of  fighting).  From  Gan^ 
leenlana  the  glen  opens  to  the  south, 
onder  BrewerVhill,  and  ia  here  called 
PhzticA  (perhaps  Bleiace,  the  stony 
pla<%} ;  a  pool  bere  is  called  Tuhber- 
villaTf  a  well  on  the  hill  side  Tkienveg^ 
and  a  amall  moraas  in  the  debris  of 
the  slate  qnarries  is  called  Poulmona, 
while  the  mearing  between  this  and 
MergatutotPtt  is  known  as  the  Lorg- 
ditch.     The  modem  road  from  Dun- 
lavin  to  Cryhelpe  crosses  the  valley 
at  the  alate  qnarries.    Abont  60  years 
ago  it  was  a  mere  bridle  path,  while 
the  land  on  either  side  was  nnbroken 
by  drain  or  fence,  and  covered  with 
goTse  and  heather.    Glen-mama  may 
be  aaid  to  terminate  at  the  slate  quar- 
riea,  between  which  place  and  Glenvi- 
geha,  or  Tubber  glen,  a  gentle  slope 
liaes  to  Ciyhelpe,  from  the  summit  of 
which  the  land  again  slopes  to  the 
east.  The  old  pass  crossed  about  here, 
and  this  may  be  the  place  called  Claen 
Conghair  (A,  Four  M.,  A.D.  999  and 
740,  n.  *)t  Le.,  the  slope  of  the  path. 
A  portion  of  this  road  may  be  traced 
acroM  the  lower  part  of  Cryhelpe.    It 


passes  near  a  llttle  disused  cemetery 
called  the  Rtligwn^  which  is  now  nearly 
obliterated  by  the  annual  encroach- 
ments  of  the  plough.    Nothing  re- 
mains  bnt  a  few  graniţe  boulders,  with 
ronnd  cavities  în  them,  used  perhaps 
for  bruising  corn.    Many  such  are  to 
be  seen  in  the  old  cemeteries  of  this 
neighbonrhood.     Near  this  are  also 
the  remains  of  an  old  town,  said  to  be 
the  ancient  village  of  Cryhelpe.    This 
road  crosses  the  bog  of  Cryhelpe,  and 
passes  by  a  very  curious  and  well- 
preserved  stone  ci  rele,  which  is,  as  here 
usnal,    caHed    the    *Piper's    stones,* 
adjoining  the  Bealach  Dunbolg  at  the 
ford  of  Athgreany,  under  Dunboyke. 
"It  would  appear  that  the  Danes 
expected  to  reach  Dunlavin,  and  per- 
haps to  encamp  there  to  meet  the 
forces  of  Meath  and  Munster;  but 
Brian  seems  to  have  anticipated  their 
movements,  and  to  have  met  them 
in  the  narrow  deâle  of  Glen-mama, 
thus  cntting  off  their  retreat     Here 
there  was  no  room  for  a  regular  en. 
counter,   and  the  flight  must    have 
been  iramediate.    The  main  body  of 
the  Danish  army  flew  across  the  slop- 
ing  land  through  Kinsellastown,  to  the 
ford  of  Lemmonstown,  where  a  rally 
seems  to  have  been  made  by  them, 
and  where  it  is  said  thousands  fell  in 
the  conflict     To  this  day  their  bones 
are  tumed  np  m  the  fields  about  the 
fofd,  and  some  mounds  on  the  banks 
of  the  stream  are  so  filled  np  with 
bones  that  the  people  leave  them  un- 
tilled  as  being  sacred  repositories  of 
the  dead.    The  remnant  of  the  def eated 
army  fled  to  Holywood,  about  a  mile 
to  the  east  of  the  ford,  and  thence  to 
the  ford  of  the  Horsepass,  on  the  Lif- 
fey,  above  Ponl-a-phouca,  where  they 
were  utterly  routed.      Towards  the 


cxlvi 


INTRODUCTION. 


Dublin 
taken. 


maştera  of  the  fortress.'  Here  spoils  of  great  value  were 
found ;  great  quantities  of  gold,  silveif,  bronze,  and  precious 
stones ;  carbiincle  gems,  bufialo  homs,  and  beauti^  gob- 


close  of  the  last  centniy  the  wild  landa 
of  Upper  Cryhelpe  were  reclaimed,  and 
raany  relics  of  this  retreat  were  brought 
to  light,  chiefly  in  a  line  from  Tubber 
glen  to  Lemmonstown  ford,  the  work- 
men,  coming  npon  the  pits  where  the 
bodies  of  the  slain  were  boried,  left 
them  intact,  cloelng  them  up  agaÎD. 
In  the  defile  of  Glen-mama,  doring 
the  first  week  of  Maj,  1864,  one  of 
theee  pits  waa  accideutally  opened; 
bones  were  tnmed  np,  and  also  the 
fragmenta  of  a  Daniah  sword  (now  in 
the  posseaaion  of  Dean  Graves,  Prea. 
R.I.A.);  the  ciay  was  found  black 
and  nnctnoua,  aa  if  thoroughly  satn- 
rated  with  human  remaina.  Tradition 
stătea  that  in  this  retreat  *  the  son  of 
the  King  of  the  Danee'  fell  among  the 
elain,  and  that  hia  body  waa  interred  in 
the  old  cemetery  of  Crj'helpe,  which  ia 
now  obliterated,  and  almoat  unknown. 
Within  ita  circuit  nothing  remaina  but 
a  rude  graniţe  shaft,  5  feet  3  inchea 
above  the  aoil,  with  an  oblong  aper- 
ture  cut  through  it  to  admit  the  inaer- 
tion  of  a  wooden  or  atone  arm  to  form 
acroas.  Itiacalled^CVuu^'andnow 
aervea  aa  a  acratching  poat  for  cattle. 
Under  thia  rude  memorial,  aa  the  aams 
tradition  avera,  aleepa  in  hia  gory  grave 
Harold,  the  aon  of  Amlaff,  Hhe  crown 
prince  of  the  foreignera  of  Erinn.* 

^*  Another  but  amaller  body  of  caTalry 
fled  through  Glanvigeha  to  reach  (per- 
hapa)  the  ford  of  the  Liffey  at  Bally- 
more  Eustace;  and,  while  croaaing 
a  quagmire  called  *  Moinavantriy*  at 
*  Jfainaoodh^*  in  Tubber,  aome  of  them 
were  engulphed  in  the  moraaa,  and 
there  periahed.  In  the  year  1849  thia 
moraaa  waa  drained,  and  while  being 
filled  np  with  atones  and  rubbiah,  a 
quantity  of  bonea,  apparantly  thoae  of 


the  horse  and  the  cow,  together  writli 
the  antlers  of  an  elk,  *boiled  up'  to 
the  surface. 

**  A  third  party  fled  from  the  vaBej- 
eastward  by  the  *  BdigeeaC  to  the  Beai- 
ach  Dunbolg  to  gain  the  ahelter  of  the 
wild  recesaea  of  Hollywood  and  Sitele 
Gadoe  (Slievegad  or  Church  Moun- 
tain),  paaaing  near  where  Aedh  Mac 
Ainmire  was  slain  in  598.  Tradition 
aaya  that  Brian  Borumha  pursued  them 
alongthe  Bealach  to  HoUywood,  where 
are  to  this  day  ancient  and  majestic 
yew  treea  around  the  church  of  St. 
Kevin,  in  whose  apreading  branches 
the  king  of  Leinster  may  have  Inrked 
nntil  hia  place  of  concealment  was  dia- 
coTored  by  Murchadh,  aon  of  Brian. 
The  flight  continued  to  the  Horsepasa 
on  the  Liffey,  where  the  Danes  made 
another  fruitleaa  rally.  Their  defeat 
left  the  road  to  Dublin  free  and  unim- 
peded  for  the  victorious  l^;iona  of 
Brian  and  Maelsechlainu." 

^  The  Fortreu.  Two  bardic  poema» 
one  of  them  imperfect,  are  here  in- 
aerted  in  the  MS.  B,  in  celebration  of 
thia  victory.  They  contain  no  mfor- 
mation  of  any  consequence;  bat  in 
the  second  of  them  (p.  115),  the  num- 
ber  of  the  Danes  slain  at  Glen-mama, 
is  said  to  have  been  1,200,  inatead  fA 
4,000,  as  in  the  proae  narratlTe  (p. 
111).  It  is  also  said  that  netther  the 
famonsbattleof  MaghEath(8eep.  111.) 
nor  the  gn^eat  battle  of  Magh  Ealta  [or 
Clontarf],  was  to  be  compared  **in 
proaperous  results"  to  the  battle  of 
Glenmama  (p.  115).  This  poem  was 
evidently  written  after,  but  probably 
not  long  after  the  battle  of  Clontarf ; 
before  that  battle  had  come  to  be 
repnsented  as  decisive.  It  is  doabt- 
less,  an  interpolation. 


INTRODUCnON. 


cxlvii 


^^^  a«    also  "vestures  of  all  colours."*     Brian  and  his 
^y>  ^v^e  are  told,  made  slaves  and  captives  of  "  many 
^^en,  boys,  and  girls,"  and  this  ia  defended  as  being  a 
i^^^^^tvaliation  upon  the  foreigners,  who  were  the  first 
Jr^^aors,  havîng  come  from  their  home  to  contest  with 
^  ^^'i^ih.  the  possession  of  their  own  countiy  and  lawful 
j^t^^ce»  (p.  117). 
D^j^Tţ^o:!  is  said  in  one  place  (p.  113)  to  have  remained  in  Brian's 
Chjj^^^   from  great  Christmas  to  little  Christmas,  i.e.,  from  ^^ubiln" 
Il7>^?^^^^cia8  to  the  Circumcision  f  but  in  another  place  (p. 
^^^^  is  said  to  have  remained  from  Christmas  to  the 

^f  St.  Brigit  (Feb.  Ist).  Be  this  as  it  may,  he 
^^^^Siî^  to  have  made  Dublin  his  head-quarters  until  he 
^^^Teduced  the  greater  part  of  Leinster  to  subjection, 
axid  taken  hostages ;  he  also  bumed  and  destroyed  the 
wood  called  Coill  Comair/  making  clearances,  and.  dis- 
mantling  fortresses,  doubtless  with  a  view  to  his  intended 
military  operations. 


1  Mmn,  Here  follows  a  paragrsph, 

which  is  moBt  probably  an  interpola- 

tkm,  în  irhich  ia  explained  how  the 

Danes  came  by  their  great  wealth: 

namel^i  by  the  plimder  of  fortreeses, 

chnrches,  and   snbterraneaui  caves. 

Their  magica!  poweiB  enabled  them 

to  disoover  ererything  that  had  been 

ooDcealed  under  gronnd,  or  hidden  in 

the  aoBtndes  of  the  Fians  and  fairies. 

This  ifl  an  inatance  of  the  lingering  be- 

lief  (among  Chriatians)  in  the  magical 

poireTB  of  the  pagan  îdolatrous  ritee. 

The  Fiana  were  the  ancient  Irish  Mili- 

th^  whose  leader  waa  the  celebrated 

Finn  Mac  Comhaill,  dain  A.D.  284. 

Legenda  of  the  prowees  and  exploits 

of  the  Fiana  were  fayonrite  subjects 

with  the  Iriah  bards.    This  claas  of 

ţoetry  ttill  exists  în  the  Highlands  of 

Sootland,  but  elsewhere  is  prindpally 

hnown  by  Macpherson's  imitation  of 

the  Osaianic  tales-    In  Ireland  this 

fiteratnre  is  abnndant.    See  the  **  Boy- 

iah  Exploits  of  Finn  Mac  CumhaiU,** 


edited  by  Dr.  O'Donovan,  1859,  and 
other  publications  of  the  Dublin  Ossi- 
anic  Society.  Comp.  Keating^s  curious 
acconnt  of  the  qnalifications  necea- 
saiy  for  admission  to  the  Order  of 
the  Fianna,  or  Fenians;  (TMahow^^% 
TVofMt,/).  343,  8q, 

^  Inherit€mce.  Aparagraphisherein* 
serted  landatory  of  Brian,  setting  forth 
his  senrioes  against  the  Danes,  and  the 
25  battles  gained  by  hîm  over  them ; 
this  lias  also  the  air  of  an  interpola- 
tion,  althongh  it  occnrs  in  both  MSS. 

>  Circmncision.  The  Fonr  M. 
rightly  understood  by  "  Lîttle  Christ- 
mas "  the  OctaTe  of  Christmas.  Tigem-^ 
ach  (A.D.  999),  says  that  Brian  re- 
mained ^'  a  foii  month"  at  Dnblin ;  co 
raibhe  an  nU  nbm:  which  Dr.  O^Conor 
erroneoQsly  reads  an  mm  lan^  and  trans- 
lates  **remanet  ad  libitom  ibi*' 

<  CoiU  Comair,  "Wood  of  the 
conflnence"  [of  two  or  more  ri^ers], 
a  place  now  nnknown  to  the  editor. 
It  WBS,  howeyer,  in  Leinster. 


cxlviii 


INTRODUCTION. 


SubmUaion  Meantime  "  the  kinor  of  the  foreimers"  (called  Amlaibh 
son  of  oiaf  ^  ^^^  ^^^  (P-  H^)  i  ^ut  we  should  evidently  read  "  son 
Cuaran.  of  Amlaibh,")  namely,  Sitric,  son  of  Amlaibh,  or  Olaf 
Cuaran,  fled  after  the  battle  of  Glen-mama  to  seek  pro- 
tection  from  the  northem  chieftains,  Aedh,*  king  of 
Ailech,  or  North  Uladh,  aud  Eochaidh,*  king  of  East 
XJladh.  But  they  both  refused  to  protect  him,  and  appear 
to  have  deKvered  him  up  to  the  officers  sent  by  Brian  to 
pursue  him.  Accordingly  three  months  after  his  defeat 
at  Glen-mama,  "he  came  into  Brian's  house,"  in  other 
words,  "submitted  to  Brian's  own  terms,"  and  was  restored 
to  his  former  command  in  the  Dtin,  or  Castle  of  Dublin. 

The  truth  is  that  Sitric  was  now  necessary  for  the 
accomplishment  of  Brian's  ambitious  plâns.  An  alliance 
was  accordingly  made  with  him.  It  was  probably  on 
this  occasion  that  Brian  gave  his  daughter  to  Sitric  in 
marriage,  and  possibly  formed  his  own  connexion  with 
Sitric's  mother,  Gormflaith,^  of  whom  we  shall  hear  mere 
in  the  sequel. 


^  Aedh,  He  was  son  of  Domhnall 
O'Neill,  king  of  Ireland  (A.D.  956), 
grandaon  of  the  celebrated  Mutrcher- 
tach  of  the  leather  cloaks.  He  was 
dain  in  the  battle  of  Craebh  Tukha, 
1003.  (^FourAf.)  See  Table  I.  p.  245. 

'  Eacftaidh.  He  was  son  of  the  Ardul, 
Ardgal,  or  Ardgair,  who  was  slain  at 
the  battle  of  Cili-  mona.  (See  p.  45,  and 
p.  xcviil.,  supra.)  Madugan  (father 
of  Ardgal)  si.  948,  was  son  of  the 
Aedh,  son  of  Eocbagan,  who  was  slain 
in  the  battle  of  Kilmashogue  in  919. 
(See  p.  xci.,  n.)  The  royal  palace  of 
eastera  Uladh  at  this  time  was  at 
Dundalethglas,  now  Downpatrick ;  as 
the  palace  of  Northem  Uladh  was  at 
Ailech.  Uladh,  with  the  Danish  ad- 
dition  of  ştir  (province),  has  now  be- 
come  Uladk-8tir=\J\8ter. 

•  OarmJIaUfu  She  was  the  sister  of 
Haelmordha,  king  of  Leinster,  daugh- 
ter of  Murchadh,  and  giund-daughter 


of  Finn,  Lord  of  OfFalj,  who  was  alain 
928.  She  was  married  firat  to  Olaf 
Cuaran,  by  whom  she  had  the  Sitric 
mentioned  above ;  then  to  Malachy  II., 
by  whom  she  was  divorced  or  repn- 
diated  (after  she  had  borne  to  him  a 
son,  Conchobhalr  or  Connor);  and 
thirdly  to  Brian,  by  whom  she  waa 
also  put  away.  The  Njal  Saga  calls 
her  Kormlada,  and  describes  her  as 
"the  fairest  of  all  women,  and  best 
gif  ted  in  every  thing  that  was  not  in 
her  own  power/*  i.e.,  in  all  physicai 
and  natural  endowments ;  but  "she  did 
all  things  ill  over  which  she  had  anj* 
power,"  i.e.,  in  her  moral  conduct. 
(jBumt  Njalf  ii.,  323.)  It  is  lemark» 
able,  as  showing  the  dose  alliances 
by  marriage  between  the  Irish  chief— 
taina  and  the  Danes  at  this  period, 
that  Donnflaith,  daughter,  or  grand<^ 
daughter  (see  p.  dii.,  n.  3)  of  Moir- 
chertacb  oi  the  Leather  doakBj 


INTBODtJCTIOK. 


cxlîx 


Maelmordhay  King  of  Leinster,  brother  of  this  Gorm-  And  of 
flaith,  was  also  now  taken   into  Brian's  favour.    TbiSj^*^ 
prince  had  allied  himself  with  the  Danes  of  Dublin  in  kîng  of 
the  hope  of  secnring'  for  himself  the  crown  of  Leinster, 
and  had  fought  with  them  against  Brian  at  Glen-mama. 
Afler  the  ^ictory  he  concealed  himself  in  the  foliage  of  a 
yew  tree,  where  he  was  discovered  and  taken  prisoner  by 
Murchadh,  or  Murrough,  Brian's  son.     But  when  Brian 
made  alliance  with  Sitric  of  Dublin,  the  same  policy  in- 
duoed  him  to  take  Maelmordha  also  into  his  friendship ; 
and  Donnchadh,  son  of  Domhnall  Claen,  the  actual  king 
of  Leinster,  was  deposed,  that  Maelmordha  might  be  put 
into  his  place.* 

Having  formed  this  confederacy  with  those  who  were  Brian 
80  lately  his  bitterest  enemies,  Brian  now  retumed  home,  jj^JJ" 
that  is  to  say,  to  Cenn-coradh,^  or  Kinncora,  his  tisual 
residence,  near  Killaloe,  after  having  enriched  his  fol- 
lowers  with  the  spoils  of  Dublin  and  of  Leinster.     Here, 
in  defiance  of  his  recent  treaty,*  and  in  violation  of  good 


con. 


(after  the  death  of  her  first  hasband, 
Domhnall,  son  of  Donnchadh,  King  of 
Ireland),  "  mamed  "  Olaf  Coaran,  and 
had  by  him  Glnniarain,  King  of  Dub- 
lin. Malachy  TI.  aftervrarda  married 
Gormflaith,  Olaf  Cuaran^swidow,  and 
finally  married  Haelmaire,  a  sister  of 
Sitric,  who  was  the  same  Gormflaith's 
flon  by  Olaf  Caaran.  From  her  name 
Haelmaire  ("servant  of  Mary  ")  thia 
daughter  of  King  Olaf  Cuaran  seems 
to  have  been  a  Christian. 

1  Secminff.  In  999,  about  a  year 
before  the  battle  of  Glen-mama,  in 
alliance  with  Sitric,  he  had  captared 
Donnchadh,  son  of  Domhnall  Claen, 
Ung  of  Leinster,  and  declared  himself 
king  in  his  place.  See  Atm.  Uit  998 
or  9.    FourJf.,  998  (=1000). 

•  Ptaccn    Sec  chap.  Ixxi.,  p.  119. 

■  CemKoradh,  "Head  of  the  weir." 
This  word  hasgreatly  pnzzled  theScan» 
dinavian  editorsof  the  Njals  Saga,  who 


have  written  it  Kantaraborg,  conf onnd- 
ing  it  with  Canterbury,  or  snpposîng 
a  place  in  Ireland  with  that  name; 
others  write  KtmniaUahorff,  and  ren- 
der  it  quasi  KumutkHr-borff^  **  the  capi- 
tal of  Connaught.**  (See  the  Latin 
version  of  Njal  Saga,  p.  591,  and 
Bumt  Njal,  li.,  p.  323).  Bnt  the 
change  of  t  into  c  or  i&  gives  Kankara~ 
borg  a  snfficiently  close  representation 
of  Kinncora.  Bwmt  Njal,  Introd,,  p. 
cxciii.,  note. 

<  Treai^.  Dr.  O'Brien,  in  his  Laio 
of  Tanisiry  (Vallancy,  CoUeet,  i.,  p. 
520),  endeavours  to  throw  the  blame 
of  violating  the  treaty  npon  Malachy, 
who  had  made  "a  great  plnndering** 
in  Leinster,  which  Dr.  0*B.  says,  was 
"Brian's  kingdom."  The  Ann  Uit. 
record  this  plunder  in  their  year  998~ 
9,  the  year  of  the  battle  of  Glen-mama, 
but  before  they  mention  that  battte. 
It  is  true  the  ănnalist  Tighemach  re- 

•*3 


ci 


INTRODUCTION. 


His  inva- 
sion  of 
Meath. 


faith  and  honour,  he  organized  a  formidable  conspiracy 
for  the  purpose  of  deposing  Malachy,  and  placîng  himself 
on  the  throne.  Our  author*s  account  of  this  transaction 
(chap.  IxxiL)  is,  that  Brian  having  mustered  allthe  forces 
of  Legh  Mogha,  the  southem  half  of  Ireland,  both  for- 
eigners  and  Irish,  invaded  Meath,  and  marched  as  far  as 
Tai*a,  from  whence  he  sent  ambassadors  to  Malachy  de- 
manding  hostages  or  battle.  Malachy  requested  a  truce 
for  a  month  to  enable  him  to  consult  his  tribe ;  and  this 
was  conceded.  Brian  pledged^  himself  that  no  plunder, 
ravage,  trespass,  or  burning  (p.  119)  should  be  attempted 


cords  it  afler  the  battle  (at  999),  but 
does  not  say  that  this  was  any  viola- 
tion  of  the  treaty;  and  at  the  very  next 
year  speaks  of  Brian*8  invasion  of 
Meath  as  hufirat  treacherous  rebellUm 
agamst  Malachy,  cet  impod  tre  mebail; 
which  plainly  iinplies  that  Brian  was 
the  ârst  to  break  faith.  The  fact 
aeems  to  be,  that,  whilst  Brian  was  at 
Dablin,  Malachy  plundered  Leinster 
80  as  to  complete  the  snbjectiou  of  that 
district,  whilât  Brian  was  dealing 
with  the  Dablin  Danes.  The  state- 
ment  of  Dr.  O'Brien,  that  *'  In  the 
year  1000  Brian  was  eamestly  soli- 
dted  by  the  princes  and  states  of  Con- 
naught  to  dethrone  Malachy,"  &c., 
îs  whoUy  without  authority  from  any 
ancient  source,  although  it  is  found  in 
Keating.  Even  our  author,  with  all 
his  Dalcassian  zeal,  makes  no  mention 
of  it 

1  Pltdged  hinuelf.  This  story  of  a 
truce  for  a  month  secms  in  itself 
highly  improbable,  and  was  probably 
invented  by  the  Dalcassian  authors 
to  give  some  colour  of  generosity  to 
Brian*s  conduct.  No  mention  of  it 
occura  in  the  Aimals.  The  story,  as 
told  in  the  Annals,  is  this: — Brian, 
with  an  army  consisting  of  his  own 
troops,  and  his  recently  conqnered  vas- 
sals  of  South  Connaught,  Oasoiy,  and 


the  Munster  foreigners,   marched   to 
Tara.     His  Danish  cavairy  of  Dublin, 
however,  had  set  out  before  kini,  and 
were  completely  def  eated  by  Malachy  in 
person.   Brian  then  advanced  to  F'erta- 
nimhe  (now  unknown)  in  Maţ^h  Bregh 
but  retumed  **  without  battle,  wîthont 
plunder,  without  burning."     (^otir  M. 
and   Tighemach,   999  =  1001).     The 
Ann,  UU.  say  nothing  of  Brian *8  march 
to  Tara,  and  represent  Malachy^a  vic- 
tory  over  the  Danish  and  Leinater 
cavairy  as  having  taken  place  af  ter 
Brian^s   expedition    to  Ferta-nimAe ; 
adding  that  his  cavairy  having  been 
completely  routed  (jHFtte  omnea  occui), 
Brian  retired,  "cogente  Domino,"  with- 
out battle  or  plunder.    Antu  UU,  999 
(=1000).     Tara,  it  should  beremem- 
bered,  had  been  deserted  by  the  kings 
of  Ireland  since  the  middle  of  the  sixth 
century,  although  Mr.  Moore  speaks 
of  "a  palace,"  "a  stately  stnicture** 
there,  burnt  by  Brian  on  thia  occasion. 
Bist  lrel,y  ii.,  p.  95.   Malachy  at  this 
time  resided  at  Dun-na-sgiath  [fort  of 
the  shields],  on  the  banks  of  Lough 
Knnell,  co.  of  Westmeath,  probably  in 
the  parish  of  Moylisker,  where  there 
are  still  many  ancient  raths.     There 
was  another  Dun>na-8giath  in  Hppe- 
rary,  which  has  been  aiready  noticed. 
See  p.  cxvL,  n.  ^. 


INTEODUCTION. 


cli 


during  that  time,  but  he  himself  in  person  remained  at 
Tara,  pending  Malachy's  answer. 

Malachy  employed  this  interval  of  truce  in  endeavoming  Maiachy 
to  obtain  assistance  from  his  relatives*  in  the  north  of  f®*^**^^ 

irom  the 

Ireland,  and  from  Cathal,  son  of  Conchobhair,  king  of  Con-  northem 
naught ;  resolved,  if  these  chieftains  should  fail  him,  to  ^^  ^^' 
submit  to  Brian's  demands,  and  give  him  hostages.  Our 
author  adds  that  this  resolution  to  give  up  "  the  freedom 
of  Tara"  (i.e.,  his  rights  as  supreme  king  of  Ireland)  was 
not  mere  disgraceful  to  Malachy  than  it  was  to  his  nor- 
them kinsmen  of  the  Clanna  Neill,  and  the  other  clans 
of  Leth-Cuinn,  the  northem  half  of  Ireland  (p.  ]  21). 

The  messenger  sent  to  Aedh  O'Neîll  by  Malachy  on  Poetîcal 
this   occasion  was  Giolla-Comgaill   O'Slebhin,  the  chief^J^^J^' 
bard  of  XJlster,  whose  poetical  account  of  his  mission  is  mîarion  to 
înserted^  into  our  author's  narrative.     Thîs  poem  is  anQÎ^^jL 
eamest  exhortation  to  the  three  chieftains,  Aedh  O'Neill, 
Eochaidh,  of  East  Ulster,  and  Cathal,  of  Connaught,  to 
rescue  Tara  (meaning  the  monarchy  of  Ireland)  from  the 
grasp  of  Brian.    Aedh  is  exhorted  by  the  glories  of  his 
race,  by  the  dishonour  that  would  attach  to  him  if  he 
allowed  the  throne  of  Ireland  to  pas3  from  the  Hy  NeiU, 
and  by  the  hint  that  Maeleeechlainn  was  ready  to  abdi- 
cate' in  his  favour,  if  by  his  aid  the  present  danger  should 


^RelaHvei,  These were Aedh 0*Nei]I, 
King  of  Ailech,  and  Eochaidh,  aon  of 
AnSgal,  king  of  Uladh,  p.  121.  Of 
these  we  haye  already  spoken.  See 
p.  cxlviiLi  n.  1, 2.  Cathal,  son  of  Con- 
chobhair,  king  of  Connaughtf  was  .the 
father  of  Tadhg,  Icader  of  the  forces  of 
Connaught  at  the  battîe  of  Clontaif, 
where  he  waa  slain  in  1014.  See 
(TFltOartfi  We§t  Connaught,  p.  133, 
Ko.  48.  This  Cathal  was  ancestor  of 
all  the  0*Conon  of 'Connaaght. 

^Ituerted,  Chap.  Ixxiii.,  p.  121. 
This  poem  ocean  in  the  older  MS.  D, 
andnotînO'Clery'sMS.  AsO'Slebhin 
lived  to  1081,  he  may  have  acted  as 
Halachy's  meMeoger  in  1002  Qr  3, 


and  there  is  noreason,  except  its  hav- 
ing  been  exclnded  by  O'Clery,  for 
suppoeing  the  poem  to  be  an  inteipo- 
lation.  It  was  quite  consistent  with 
the  manners  of  the  times  that  the 
message  should  be  deliyered  in  poetry, 
especially  when  the  ambassador  was 
:$i  professional  bard.  The  family  of 
O'Slebhin,  now  Slevin,  was  of  the 
elann  Fergnsa,  deseendedfrom  Fefgos, 
king  of  Ireland  in  the  sixth  oentnry, 
and,  therefora,  of  the  Cinei  Eoghain, 
the  same  tribe  of  which  Aodh  was  the 
head.    See  GeneaL  Table  I.,  p.  245. 

•  Abdicate.    See  the  first  stanca  of 
the  poem  at  the  begianfaig  of  p.  125. 


clii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Befusal  of 
Aedh. 


be  averted.  Eochaidh  is  exhorted  to  bring  the  Ulaidh^ 
or  men  of  eastem  Ulster,  of  whom  he  was  chiefbam,  and 
Cathal  to  bring  "  the  illustrious  men  of  Obiegmacht,"*  or 
Connaught ;  thus  the  whole  of  the  race  of  Herimon  wonld 
be  assembled  (Aedh  leading  the  northem  Hy  Neill,  and 
Malachy  the  southem  Hy  Neill)^  against  the  usurpation 
of  the  house  of  Heber,  of  which  Brian  was  the  represent- 
ative.  The  reader,  it  is  hoped,  with  the  explanations 
ah*eady  given,  will  have  no  difficulty  in  understanding 
the  historical  allusions  of  this  poem.^ 

Aedh  O'Neill  however  (eh.  Ixxiv.)  refused  to  comply 
with  the  poet*s  requeşt,  on  the  groimd  that  when  the 


1  Olnegmacht  This  was  the  name 
of  a  tribe  of  the  Daumonii,  the  abori- 
ginal  settlers  in  Connaught, f  rom  whom 
the  name  of  Obiegmacht  was  poetically 
given  to  the  whole  province.  It  is 
probably  from  this  tribe  that  Ptolemy 
gave  the  name  of  Nagnăta  to  a  district 
in  Connaught. 

*Hy  Neill.  See  the  last  three 
stanzas  of  the  poem  on  p.  123. 

'  This  poem.  It  may  be  well,  how- 
ever, to  remînd  the  reader  that  Lis 
Luigheachj  in  stama  1,  is  Fort  of  Lugh- 
aidh  Menn,  ancestor  of  the  Dai  Cais. 
See  Geneal.  Table  III.,  p-  247.  **  The 
House  of  Tal,"  or  of  Cas  Mac  Tail,  is 
also  another  name  for  the  Dai  Cais; 
and  Temhair  of  Fal,  or  FaU,  is  Tara  of 
Fal,  80  called  from  the  ancient  stone 
called  Lia  Fail;  comp.  stanzas  15  and 
19.  See  Petrii  <m  Tara  (Transact. 
R.I.A.,  xviiî.,  p.  159,  «y.)  Magh- 
Bregh  or  Bregia  (st  3)  has  already 
been  explained;  and  Tara  is  called 
Tara  of  Bregh  (st.  5),  because  it  is 
aîtuated  in  the  plain  of  Bregia.  In 
sL  5  (p,  123)  the  poet  supposes  Donn- 
flaith  (mother  of  King  Malachy  II.)  to 
have  been  Aedh*8  sister,  and,  theref  ore, 
daugkUr  to  King  Domhnall  O'Neill, 
aon  of  Muirchertach  of  the  leather 


cloaks ;  but  the  received  opioion  (fol- 
lowîng  Keating,  Reign  ofAfaeUechlttmk 
11.^  makes  her  not  sister,  bat  aont  to 
Aedh,  daughter  of  Muirchertach  Lea- 
ther cloaks  an4  sister  to  Aedh^s  father. 
If  this  be  so,  Aedh  and  Malachy  were 
first  cousins ;  on  the  f  ormer  snpposition 
Aedh  was  Malachy*8  uncie.  For  CorcV 
Brugk(8t.  14,  p.  125)  see  note  «,  p.  124. 
The  Corc  intended  was  Conall  Corc, 
king  of  Munster ;  (see  Gen.  Table  IV., 
No.  6,  p.  248).  In  the  same  stanza 
*'Lugaidh*s  land'*  îs  the  territory  of 
the  Dai  Cais,  so  called  from.  Lugaidh 
Menn.  Table  III.,  No.  6.  In  st.  16, 
Lurc  or  Lorc  signifies  Leinster,  from 
Laeghaire  Lorc,  alluded  to  again  st  24, 
who  was  the  common  ancestor  of  the 
Hy  Neill,  and  of  the  kings  of  Leinster; 
hence  the  poet*s  argument,  that  hia  de- 
scendants  ought  to  make  common  cause 
against  CasheL  In  si.  17  "  Muirehei^ 
tach  of  the  red  proweas**  is  Muircher- 
tach of  the  leather  cloaks.  In  st.  20, 
*'  Cormac,  grandson  of  just  Conn,"  is 
Cormac,  grandson  of  Conn  of  the 
Hundred  Battles,  and  son  of  Art 
Aenfir,  ancestor  of  the  Hy  Neill,  north 
and  south,  and  therefore  **  to  his  race 
belongs  this  western  hill;"  Le.,  Tara, 
or  the  thcone  of  Ireland.    Henoe»  Tarn 


TNTRODUCTION. 


diii 


cbieftains  of  the  Cinei  Eoghain*  were  kings  of  Tara,  they 
were  able  to  defend  their  own  rights  without  applying 
for  any  externai  aid,  and  that  he  would  not  risk  his  life, 
or  the  blood  of  his  clan,  for  the  sake  of  securing  the 
Rovereîgnty  of  Ireland  for  any  other  man.  Malachy, 
on  receiving  thia  cold  refusal,  resolved  to  go  in  person 
to  Aedh,  to  ofl^r  him  hostages,  and  to  abdicate  the 
throne  in  his  favour.  Aedh  was  himself  anxious  to  give 
to  this  proposal  a  favourable  answer  (p.  129) ;  but  it  was 
necessary  to  obtain  the  consent  of  the  elan  to  the  aid  in 
war,  which  was  the  condition  of  ii  He  therefore  assem- 
bled  the  Cinei  Eoghain,  and  laid  the  question  before 
them.  They  all  voted  against  engaging  in  warfare  with 
the  powerfiil  sept  of  the  Dai  Cais.  Aedh  then  advised  a 
more  solemn  consideration  of  the  subject ;  and  the  tribe, 
having  "  retired  to  secret  councU,"  decided  that  as  neither 
side  could  expect  to  vanquish  the  other,  they  would  refuse 
Malachy's  request,  unless  he  would  consent  to  cede  to 
them  "one-half  of  the  men  of  Meath  and  of  the  territory  of 
Tara," — (in  other  words,  half  of  the  hereditary  jurisdiction 
and  possessions  of  his  tribe,  the  Clan  Colmain)— to  become 
from  thenceforth  the  property  of  the  Cinei  Eoghain. 

On  receiving  this  unfavourable,  and  indeed  insulting  The  cUm 
answer,  Malachy  retired  in  great  wrath,  and  having  sum-  ^1^  ^ 
moned  his  tribe,  the  Clan  Colmain,  reported  to  them  the  «bmit  to 
state  of  the  case.  They  agreed,  as  a  matter  of  necessity,  to    "*"* 
submit  to  Brian.    Accordingly  Malachy  set  out,  with  a 
guard  of  honour  of  twelve  score  horsemen  only,  and,  "with- 
out guarantee  or  protection,  beyond  the  honour  of  Brian 
himself  and  that  of  the  Dai  Cais,"  made  submission,  and 
ofiered  to  give  hostages.    Brian  answered  that  as  Malachy 


îs  called  Connac*8  Hai,  «1. 16.  In  at 
22  (p.  127)  Câthal,.Kingof  Comuinght, 
is  called  ^Mescendant  of  the  three 
Cathals,"  Inacath  "of  the  battle''  a 
play  npon  hîs  naine],  becanse  he  had 
three  predeoesaorB  Kings  of  Connanght 
called  Cathal,  Tis.,  Noe.  43, 86,  and  22, 


in  Mr.  Hardiman*8  liet  of  the  Kings  of 
Connanght.  Hardiman^s  ed.  of  (XFla^ 
hertj^s  West  Comutught,  p.  132,  sq, 

'  Cinei  Eoghain^  or  Northern  H7 
Keill.  The  Tribe  of  which  Aedh  was 
himself  the  Chief  tain.  SeeGenealogical 
Table  L,  p.  245. 

l 


cliv 


IKTRODtJCTION. 


had  trufited  to  his  honour,  he  would  take  no  hostages, 
but  would  grant  him  a  truce  for  a  year,^  without  pledge 
or  hostage,  adding,  tbat  he  was  ready  to  declare  war 
against  Aedh  aud  Eochaidh,  provided  Malachy  would 
promise  not  to  join  them  against  him.  Malachy  readily 
made  this  promise,  but  strongly  advised  Brian  to  retum 
home  satisfied  with  the  result  of  his  expedition,  ''as 
having  received  submission  fi:x>m  himself '*  (p.  133),  and  80, 
having  attained  the  great  object  of  his  ambition.  Brian's 
followers,  being  now  "at  the  last  of  their  provisions," 
readily  consented  to  adopt  this  advioe ;  and  Brian,  befofe 
he  set  out  for  his  home,  gave  twelve  seore  steeds  to  be 
divided  among  Malachy's  twelve  score  mounted  foUowâ:^. 
But  not  one  of  Malachy's  men  '*  would  deign  to  carry  a 
led  horse  with  him,"  showing  their  reluctance  to  aocept 
any  gifl  which  implied  vassalage  to  Brian.  Acoordingly, 
Malachy  bestowed  the  twelve  score  steeds  upon  Murchadh, 
Brian's  son,  who  had  that  vety  day  given  ''  his  hand  into 
Malachy's  hand,"  in  token  of  alliance  and  Mendship  (p. 
1 33),  and  who,  by  taking  back  his  father'a  horses,  did  not 
in  any  way  compromise  himself 

Nevertheless,  this  transaction,  notwithstanding  its 
palpable  hollowness>  seems  to  have  been  deemed  sufi- 
cient to  transfer  the  throne  to  Brian,  and  to  reduce  Mal- 
»c?o?oS^^  aohy  to  the  condition  of  a  vassal,*  under  the  title  of  Eang 
of  Meath.  He  appears  to  have  submitted,  however  re- 
luctantly,  without  a  struggle ;  nor  is  the  exact  date  of  the 
change  expressly  marked  by  our  annalists,  with  the  ex- 
ception  of  Tighemach,  who  adds,  in  Latin,  at  the  end  of  his 
year  1001  (=1000  of  the  Four  Maaters),  ''Brian  BaruTna 


Theerown 
paasesto 
Brian 
without 


fion. 


1  A  ywr.  Ko  mention  of  tliis  trnce 
for  a  year  occun  in  the  Annala. 

•  VauaiL  Ii  is  remarkable  that 
henceforth  in  the  Annala,  whenerer 
Ma«achy  and  Brian  are  mentioned  as 
acting  together,  Brian's  name  is  pat 
first,  althongh  bef  ore  this  thne  it  was 
therereiBe.  TheFoiirlL,atA.D.997, 


have  **  an  army  was  led  by  Haebeeii- 
lainn  and  Brian,"  &c  <<Haebech- 
lainn  with  the  men  of  Meath,  and 
Brian  with  the  men  of  Munster,"  &c ; 
see  also  A.D.  998,  p.  739,  741.  But  at 
A.D.  1001,  p.  747,  and  A.D.  10O3,  p. 
749,  we  have  "Brian  and  Maelsech- 
laihn." 


INTRODUCTION.  clv 

^ii^?^<W."    The  Four  Masters,  on  the  other  hand,  describe 

A^;^^  i^'ear  1001  as  the  twenty-third  year  of  Malachy,  and 

i^^   '  1 O02  as  the  first  year  of  Brian.    But  Malachy  began 

^îgn  în  980,  so  that  the  year  1001   of  the  Four 

1^^  which  they  say  is  the  twenty-third  of  Malachy,  is 

^V^^  A.D.  1003-4.     If  so  it  follows  that  Malachy  con- 

w       M.  king  during  the  year  1002-3,  although  the  com- 

^^^^ment  of  Brian's  reign*  was  counted  fix>m  1002. 

The  newBOTereign  begaa  his  rule  by  «agreat  naval BrUn«d« 
expedition"  to  Athluain,  now  Athlone,  and  by  an  invasion  ^^JIJ^coii- 
of  Connaught  by  land.   Hostages  were  brought  him  with-  naaghtand 
out  demnr  to  his  head-quarters  at  Athlone,  by  the  Con-      ^' 
nanght  chieftains,  as  well  as  by  Malachy.^     In  the  same 
year^  an  expedition  was  made  '*  by  Brian^  to  Dun  Dealgan 
(now  Dundalk),  to  demand  hostages  fix>m  Aedh  and  Eoch- 
aidh,  the  two  chieftains  of  Ulster,"  who  have  been  already 
so  often  mentioned.   But  Brian's  policy  seems  to  have  been 
at  this  time  peaoe.    Aedh  and  Eochaidh  met  him  at 
Dundalk,  and  a  truce  for  a  year  was  agreed  to,  on  the 
oondition  that  the  jiorthem  chieftains  "  were  not  to  attack 
Malachy  or  Brian's  Connaught  allies,  during  that  year,  but 
to  contume  as  fiiends."^ 

When  the  year  was  out,  Brian  mustered  his  forces  (eh.  Imraâoii  of 
Ixxvii),  and  invaded  the  Ultonian  chieftains.   He  appears  ^'■*"* 
at  tins  time  to  have  received  the  submission  of  all  Ireland 
afi  far  northwards  as  the  county  of  Armagh.     Our  author 
says  that  he  was  followed  by  ''  all  the  men  of  Erinn,  both 


r«  reiffih  Seo  Dr.  0*Conor*8 
note  on  Tighmiaek,  A.D.  1001  (Rer, 
Hib.  Seriftt,  u.,  p.  270),  tnd  O'FIn- 
l^^rty,  Og^^  p.  435. 

•  Maiachy.    Chnp.  Ixxri,  p.  138. 
Foor  M.  1001. 

'  Same  year.  Car  nnthor  says  (p. 
133)  tfaat  the  expedition  to  Athlone 
was  "  at  the  end  of  a  year  after  this,** 
and  also  that  the  expedition  to  Dun- 
dalk was  **  at  the  end  of  a  year."  The 
meaning  apparently  is,  at  the  end  ol 


the  year  of  trace  granted  to  Malachy, 
so  that  the  same  year  is  intended. 
This  may  acoonnt  for  the  first  year  of 
Brian  being  also  considered  ^e  last 
year  of  Malachy;  and  thus  the  story 
of  the  trace  for  a  year  is  incidentally 
confimied. 

*  J9y  Brian,  Car  author  menţiona 
Brian  only.  The  Four  Masten,  Ann. 
of  Ulster,  and  Tighemach,  say,  by 
Brian  and  Malachy. 

^FHâiUU.    Seep.  135. 

12 


clvi 


INTRODUCnON. 


Weaknen 
of  the 
northem 
chleftains. 


Brianiiu 
vadeB  the 
North. 


Leaveiui 
offering  of 
gold  at 
Armagh, 
and  takeB 
hostages. 


Gaill  and  Gaedhil,  of  all  who  were  from  Sliabh  Fuaid* 
southwards/'  tbat  is  to  say,  soutb  of  the  district  which 
owned  Eochaidh  as  its  lord.  This  was  by  far  the  greater 
part  of  Ireland ;  and  resistance  to  such  an  army  by  the 
provincial  troops  of  the  North  was  hopeless. 

Aedh  O'NeiU  having  failed  to  give  him  battle,  Brian 
Beized  hostages  îrora  all  Ulster.  This  seems  to  show  some 
weakness  in  the  condition  of  the  northem  chieftains, 
which  two  years'  afberwards  manifested  itself  in  open 
warfare  between  the  Cinei  Eoghain,  under  their  youthftd 
chieftain,  Aedh  O'Neill,  and  the  eastem  XJlstermen,  under 
Eochaidh ;  it  ended  in  the  battle  of  Craebh-Tulcha,  in 
which  Aedh  and  Eochaidh  were  both  slain,  Aedh  being 
at  the  time  only  twenty-nine  years  of  age. 

Brian  lost  no  time  in  taking  advantage  of  this  disoord. 
He  proceeded  immediately  to  invade  the  Cinei  Eogham 
and  Uladh.  Marching  his  troops  through  Meath,  and 
remaining  a  nîght  at  Tailltin,'  he  advanced  to  Armagh, 
where  he  laid  an  offering  of  twenty  ounces  of  gold  upon 
the  altar^  of  the  cathedraL  He  carried  off  hostages  from 
Uladh,  Dalaradia,  and  all  the  North,  except  the  countiy  of 
the  Cinei  Conaill,the  present  county  of  Donegal  (eh.  Ixxvii). 

Brian  now  (cL  Ixxyiii)  felt  himself  strong  enough  to 


^SUabhFvaid.  «'MoanUinsofFiiad*' 
(a  man's  name);  in  the  sooth  of  the 
coonty  of  Armagh ,  now  called  the  Fews 
rnountains,  from  the  barony  of  Fiadha, 
or  FiodK,  in  which  they  are  sitoated. 

>  Tvfo  Teari,  The  Ann.  Uit.  say 
that  the  battle  of  Craebh  Tolcha  took 
place  on  Thnrsday,  the  18  kaL  Oct., 
which  would  indicate  the  year  1004. 
The  Foar  M.  date  this  battle  1008, 
but  in  that  year  the  18  kal.  Oct., 
(which  is  always  H0I7  Cross  day)  fell 
on  Tneflday.  Dr.  O'Donovan  Bnpposee 
Craebh  Ti^cha  [^'spreading  tree  of  the 
hill  **]  to  be  the  place  now  called  Crew, 
near  Qlenavy,  barony  of  Upper  Mane- 
reene,  connty  of  Antrim.  Bat  see 
Bcfivei'B  Eecla.  AnUq^  p.  842,  n. . 


s  Tailltm^  now  Teltown,  a  parish  in 
the  barony  of  Upper  Kella,  co.  ol  Meath. 

<  Altar,  It  was  probably  on  this 
occasion  that  the  cnrious  entry  was 
made  in  the  Book  of  Armagh,  in  prs- 
sence  of  Brian,  by  his  conf  essor  or  chap- 
lain,  in  which  Brian,  as  chief  King  of 
the  Irish  *^Imperator  Scotonim,"  n- 
cognised  the  supremacy  of  the  see  ol 
Armagh,  and  pat  on  record  an  antho- 
ritative  declaration  on  the  snbject-^ 
''finituit'*  (read>MOt<}  "proomnibu 
regibtts  Maoeric  ;**  Le.  of  Caahel — viE, 
for  himself  and  his  saocessors.  See 
0*Carry*s  Lectores,  p.  658.  By  this 
politic  measore,  Brian  evide&tly  hoped 
to  secare  the  favonr  and  fupport  of 
I  the  northem  dei^gy. 


i 


INTRODUCTION. 


clvii 


execute  a  project  whîch,  ajs  we  leam  from  the  Four  Masters,  Hu  circuit 
he  had  twice  before*  attempted,  but  which  the  power  of '*'^'*^^ 
ihe  Northern  Hy  Neill  had  prevented  him  from  carrying 
oui  This  was  to  make  a  circuit*  of  all  Ireland,  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  otf  hostages,  to  secure  the  submis- 
âon  of  the  tribes  who  had  not  as  yet  tendered  their 
allegiance.' 


1  Twice  hefore.  The  first  attempt 
WI8  imxnedÎAtely  al ter  he  had  receîved 
the  sahminion  of  Malachy,  A.D.  1001 ; 
whea  "Brian  and  Maelaechlaiiin,  ac- 
companied  by  the  men  of  Ireland, 
Heathmen,  Connaughtmen,  Mnnster- 
men,  Leinatermen,  and  foreigners,** 
went  to  Dondalk,  where  the  northem 
ehieftuns  met  them,  but  "did  not 
permit  them  to  advance  further/' 
Again,  in  1003,  the  Four  M.  teii  na 
**Brian  and  Maelaechlainn "  led  an 
army  into  North  Connanght  as  far  as 
Traiji^  Eochaile  (near  Ballysadare,  co. 
of  Sligo),  to  proceed  around  Ireland, 
**bnt  they  were  prarented  by  the  Ui 
KeiU  of  the  North." 

*CirciiU,  In  imitation,  probably, 
af  the  circuit  of  Muirchertach  of  the 
leather  cloaks.  See  ''  The  Circuit  of 
Ireland,  by  Muirchertach  Hac  NeiU," 
edited  by  Dr.  O'Donovan  for  the  Irish 
Irch.  Society,  1841. 

*  AUegiamee,  His  route  is  minutely 
described  by  our  author  (eh.  Ixxviii.) 
HaTÎng  started  apparently  from  KiUa^ 
loe,  he  travelled  northwards  through 
the  midst  of  Connanght,  into  Magh- 
n-Ai,  othenrise  called  Machairt  Con- 
mda  [the  plain  of  Connanght],  a 
great  plain  in  the  co.  of  Roacommon, 
Ttfnd^g  from  the  town  of  Boscom- 
moB  to  Elphin,  and  from  Castlerea  to 
Strokestown ;  over  Coirr-Sliabh  (now 
the  Curlew  mountains,  near  Boyle), 
mto  Tir-Ailella  (now  the  barony  of 
Tir-errill,  co.  of  Sligo),  into  the  dis- 
trict of  Cairpre  (now  the  barony  of 
Carbury,  same  co.),  orer  the  Sligech, 
or  rirer  Sligo»  **  ke<^ing  his  left  hand 


to  the  sea,  and  his  right  hand  to  the 
land,'*  by  Benn-Gulban  (now  Binbul- 
bin,  a  remarlcablemountain  near  Sligo), 
over  the  Dubh  or  Black  river  (now  the 
Duff,  on  the  borders  of  Sligo  and  Lei- 
trim),  and  over  the  Drobhais,  (now  the 
Drowis,  which  rises  in  Loch  Melvin, 
and  falls  into  the  sea  at  Bun^drowes, 
near  the  town  of  Donegal) ;  into  Magh 
nEine  (now  Moy,  a  plain  in  Donegal); 
then  over  Ath  Senaigh  (or  Bel-atha- 
Seanaigh  [mouth  of  the  ford  of  Sean- 
ach],  now  Ballyshannon ;  at  Easruadh 
or  Eas  Aedha  ruadh  (Assaroe)  [cata- 
ract  of  Aedh  Ruadh],  now  the  salmon- 
leap,  on  the  rirer  Eme,  Ballyshan'- 
non);  into  Tir-aedha  (now  the  barony 
of  Tirhugh,  co.  of  Donegal),  and  acroşa 
Beamas  M6r  (now  Bamesmore  Gap,  on 
the  road  from  Donegal  to  Stranorlar); 
over  Fearsad  into  TirEoghain  (Ţyrone), 
thence  to  Dal-riada  and  Dal-araidhe,  to 
Uladh,  and  thence  to  Belach-Diiin, 
where  he  arrived  abont  Lammas.  Dal- 
riada  is  now  ihe  RouU  in  the  northem 
half  of  the  co.  of  Antrim.  It  is  not 
to  be  confounded  with  Dal-araidhe  or 
Dal-aradia,  in  the  sonthem  part  of  the 
co.  of  Antrim,  and  north  of  co.  of 
Down.  ZTZod&wasoriginallythename 
of  the  whole  province  of  Ulster,  but 
after  the  conquest  of  the  ancient  Ultn 
by  tlie  Oriels  under  the  Collas,  the 
name  became  res^cted  to  the  district 
which  induded  the  sonthem  half  of 
Antrim  and  all  the  co.  of  Down,  but 
afterwards  was  conflned  to  the  sonthem 
portion  of  Down.  In  this  last  sense 
it  is  here  used.  See  OTlaherty,  Ogyg.^ 
p.  372.     Dr.  0*Donovan  suggests  that 


clviii 


INTRODTJCnON 


Having  effected  this  purpose^  as  far  as  was  possible, 
Brian  dismissed  his  troops,*  being  probably  short  of  pro- 
visions.  The  men  of  Leinster  crossed  Bregia,  marching 
southwards  to  their  homes  ;  the  foreigners  went  off  by  sea 
to  Dublin,  Waterford,  and  Limerîck ;  and  the  Connaught- 
men  passed  through  Meath  westwards  to  their  province 
(p.  137).  No  mention  is  made  of  the  Munstermen,  iivho 
remained,  we  niay  fairly  conclude,  with  their  chiefbain. 
Having  stopped  at  Craebh  Tulcha,*  or  retumed  thither, 
the  Ulaid  or  Ulstermen  suppiied  him  with  provisions,  for 
which  Brian  paid  liberally  in  horses,  clothing,  gold,  and 
silver  (p.  137). 
KatiI  Then  foUows  a  paragraph,  which  is  most  probably 

to  pi^tf  an  interpolation.*  It  pretends  that  Brian,  afler  his  cir- 
cuit of  Ireland,  organized  a  naval  expedition,  consist- 
ing  of  the  foreigners  of  Dublin  and  Waterford,  the  Ui 
Ceinnselaigh,  from  the  county  of  Wexford,  and  the  Ui 
Eathach  of  Munster.^  These  were  all  maritime  tribes, 
and  were  sent  to  "  levy  royal  tribute ;"  in  other  words, 
to  plunder,  firom  the  Sa^ons  and  Britons,  from  the  Lenoth- 
naigh®  in  Scotland,  and  from  the  Airer  Gaedhel,  or  inhabi- 


Great 
Britain. 


Belach-Dâin  may  have  been  Belach- 
Duna-Dealgan,  **ihe  pasa  of  Dnndalk." 
Fwtr  M,y  p  756,  n.  \  Bat  Dr.  Reeves 
(ildomnao,  p.  xlv.),  identifies  Belach- 
Dâin  with  Caatlekeeran,  l>aron7  of 
Upper  KeUfl»  co.  of  Meath,  on  the 
BUu^water,  three  miles  N.  W.  of  Kella. 
Fertad  is  mentioned  as  if  it  was  a  place 
between  Bearnas  M6r  and  the  entrance 
into  Tyrone.  The  Fowr  M,  caii  it 
FtartoB  Camta.  The  Ann.  Uit  caii  it 
FtariaiiM  Canua  m  UUn  m  amach 
Conaitt  ["  Feartaîs  Camsa  in  Uladh,  in 
Conall*B  fairgreen^],  if  so,  it  onght  to 
have  heen  mentioned  af  ter  Tir  Eoghain; 
but  it  is  perhaps  more  prohable,  that 
the  words  ocM  »^  7^  JS^Aatfi  are  an  in- 
terpolation.  Feartas  Camsa,  ^'passage, 
or  ford,  of  CamoB,**  was  on  the  river 
Bann,  which  separţktes  the  counties 
of  Deny  and  Antrim,  near  the  old 
chorch  of  lliacosqnin  or  Camns-juxt^ 


Bann.  FourM.j  p.  745;  Reevea,  JSceL 
AnL,  p.  842 ;  and  Adamnam^  p.  96-7. 

■  Purpote,  The  Fonr  M.  aay  '*  that 
he  did  not  get  hostages  of  the  Cinei 
ConaiU  or  Cinei  Eoghain,**  p.  7^7. 

^Hia  troopt,  Thej  are  called  in 
the  text  **the  men  of  Eriimj"  becanse 
thej  had  foUowed  Brian  in  his  capa- 
c\iy  of  Ard-righ,  or  High  King,  of 
Erinn,  and  not  as  chieftain  of  anj 
particular  dan  or  proTÎnoe. 

*  CraM  Ttikha,    See  p.  clvi.,  n.  •. 
^  Tnierpokakm,  See  notes,  pp.  1S6-7. 

•  £7»  Eatiuuh  of  Mtauter.  Seated 
on  the  S.W.  shore  of  the  co.  of  Cork, 
round  Bandon  and  Kinsale.  See  p. 
cxzvL, ».  >;  and  B.  of  Bighta,  p^  256,  a» 

^LemkHoigh,  The  LeamktiacktM^  or 
men  of  Lennox,  are  so  called  from  the 
Leamhain,  a  river  flowing  from  Lioch 
Lomond.  Lennox  is  perhapa  Lean^ 
AoMi-itMce,  Leamhain,  or  Lerinwater. 


INTRODUCTION. 


clix 


tantB  of  Argyle.  Thia  expedition  ia  not  mentioned  in 
ihe  Irish  Ânnals,  nor,  so  far  as  the  editor  knows,  in  any 
oiher  authority.^  The  plunder  thus  obtained  was  divided 
into  three  parts:  one-third  was  given  to  the  Dublin 
DaneB ;  one  to  the  warriors  of  Leinster  and  of  the  Ui 
Eathach ;  aiid  one  "  to  the  professors  of  sciences  and  arts, 
and  to  those  who  were  most  în  need/'  this  latter  portion 
having  been  probably  devoted  to  useful  and  charitable 
pnrposes,  as  a  set  off  against  the  questionable  morality  of 
the  means  by  which  it  was  acquired. 

Then  foUows  (chap.  Ixxix.)  an  accoimt  of  the  peace  and  Peac*  and 
prosperity»  which  flourished  in  Ireland  during  Brian's  ^^^ 
administration.   He  banished  and  enalaved  the  foreigners,  leigiu 
aud  rescued  the  countiy  from  their  oppression.     "A  lone 
woman  might  have  walked  in  safety  from  Torach,"  now 
Toiy  Island,  off  the  north  coast  of  the  county  of  Donegal, 
to  Cliodhna,  or  Carraic  Cliodhna,  a  rock  in  the  harbonr 
of  Glandore'  (i.e,,  through  the  whole  length  of  Ireland), 
"carrying  a  ring  of  gold  on  a  horse-rod"  (chap.  Ixxx.) 
He  erected  or  restored  churches,  among  which  are  par- 
ticularly  mentioned  the  church  of  Cell-Dalua,  or  Eillaloe; 
the  church  of  Inis-Cealtra,  an  island  in  Loch  Derg;  and  the 
CHoichtech  (belfiy),  or  Bound  Tower,  of  Tuaim-Qreine.* 
He  encouraged  literature  and  leaming.    He  made  bridges,* 
causeways,  and  roadă    He  strengthened  the  principal 


*  Authoritjf.  The  ttory,  however, 
•hhongh  probabty  ezaggerated,  maj 
ha,Yt  had  some  fonndation  in  fact. 
Potic3r  m&Ţ  have  led  Brian  to  tnm  into 
a  foreign  channel  that  restless  spirit 
of  hifl  pirate  subjects  which  might 
othenriae  have  f onndvent  neaier  home. 

*  Frotperity.  The  Annala  do  not 
confirm  thÎB  glowing  picture  of  a 
/>eacţ/tf{  reîgn. 

I  Gîandore^  andently  Cwmdor  [Gol- 
den  harbonr^t  abeantifol  bay  between 
thebaroniea  ol  £.  and  W.  Carbnry, 
8.  of  the  co.  of  Cork.  In  this  bay 
ÎB  the  rock  called  Cliodhna*s  rock, 
npon  whSch  bcats  a  wave  called  Tonn- 
Chtiodhna,    Tun-cUtna,    (Ciiodhna's 


wave),  said  to  otter  a  plaintive  sotind 
when  a  monarch  of  the  south  of  Ireland 
dies.  Cliodhna  was  the  name  of  a  fairy 
princess  in  an  ancient  Irish  legend.  See 
the  Feit  Tighe  Chonain  (Ossianic  Soc.), 
pp.  97,  162. 

•  *  Tuaim'Greine.  Now  Tomgraney, 
a  parish  in  the  N.  E.  of  the  co.  of  Clare. 
<^  Bridget,  Maelsechlainn  is  said 
by  the  Fonr  M.  to  have  made  canse- 
ways  or  bridges  at  Athlone  and  at 
Athliag  (now  Lanesborongh),  with 
the  assistance  of  Cathal  Ua  Con- 
chobhair,  King  of  Connanght,  "each 
carrying  bis  portion  of  the  work  to  the 
middle  of  the  Shannon."  A.D.  1000, 
and  CBonovan'B  note  ^  p.  744. 


clx 


INTRODUCTION. 


Mael- 

aniTes  at 
Kincofti. 


royal  forts^  and  fortified  islands  of  Munster.  -He  dis- 
pensed  a  royal  hospitality ;  administered  a  rigid  and 
imparţial  jxistice ;  and  bo  continued,  in  unbroken  pros- 
perity,  for  the  remainder  of  his  reign,  having  been  at  his 
death  thirty-eight  years  king  of  Munster,  and  fifteen 
years  sovereign  of  all  Ireland.^ 

Our  author  proceeds  (eh.  Ixxxi)  to  mention  some 
curious  circumBtanoes  which  disturbed  this  prosperity, 
and  led,  indirectly  at  least,  to  tlie  celebrated  battle  of 
Clontarf    We  bave  aiready  spoken  of  Maelmordba»  King 


^  RoyaifoHt,  It  will  be  remarked 
that  islcmidM  are  included  in  the  enu- 
meration  of  the  different  kinda  of  f or- 
tieflses:  **duns,fa9tnea8es,M&irMis,&c.ţ** 
p.l41.  Thesewere  the  artificial  idands 
or  cnmnoffi  (so  called  became  they 
wera  made  of  cfonn,  ttees); — ihsPfbhl- 
btmten  of  the  Swîss  antiquaries.  A  list 
of  the  fortifications  built  or  strength- 
sned  by  Brian  ia  giVen: — They  are — 
1.  Cairily  or  Cashel,  a  word  which  sig- 
nifies  a  waUy  and  ia  translated  maceria 
in  the  Book  of  Armagh  ţ  see  p^  clvi, 
fi.  ^  2.  Cenn-abrtU,  or  Cenn  Febrath, 
near  Kilflnan  (as  Dr»  O^DonoVan  con- 
jectnred),  S.R  of  the  co.  of  Limerick 
(aee  p.  cxxxyiii.,  1».)^  where  there  are 
still  some  fine  earthen  mounda.  8. 
The  ialand  of  Loch  Cend,  a  lake  near 
Knock-any,  co.  of  Limericki  now  dry. 
4.  The  ialand  of  Zog&  Gair^  now  Longh 
Gur,  near  Bruff,  oo.  of  Limerick. 
Conaiderable  remaina  of  thia  crannog 
exist)  which  are  now  the  more  viaible, 
as  modem  drainage  haa  very  mnch 
rednced  the  depth  of  the  lake.  Th^ 
ialand  ia  oi  unosnal  size,  and  con- 
taina  the  itdna  of  a  stone  fortification. 
The  neighbonrhood  ia  fnll  of  mega^ 
lithic  cirdea  amă  cromlechs.  In  the 
lake  bave  been  foa&d  the  finest  extant 
epecimena  of  the  Cennia  Hîbemiciia, 
<er  gigantic  deer  of  Ireland.  5.  Dun^ 
Eochair  Maige  (or  **fort  of  the  bank 
Df  the  [river]  Maigne,"  co.  of  Lime- 
rick),   probably    now    Bniree.      6. 


Dân-Cliathj  or  Dun  CUaek,  a  fort  on 
the  hill  of  Knock-any,  territory  of 
Cliachi  co.  of  Limerick.  7.  Dit^ 
Crot,  or  JDHn-ffCrot,  a  ford  at  the  foot 
of  Sliahh  gCrotj  now  Siiabh  Grad,  one 
of  the  Galtees,  in  the  glen  of  Aherlagh, 
ca  of  Tipperary.  8.  The  iaUnd  of 
Loch  Saiffkndj  nnknown.  9.  The 
island  called  Init  an  GoiU-dubh  (ialand 
of  the  black  foreigner),  nnknown; 
aee  p.  zz.,  tupr,  Fonr  M.,  lOlS,  p. 
770)  n.  10.  Motachj  called  RoBOch-na- 
fiogh  in  the  MS.  B,  now  perhapa 
Rostagh^  near  Donoaile,  co.  of  Cork, 
B.  ofLismore,  foL  148,  a.  11.  Cam- 
ooradhf  or  Kincora,  Brian'a  own  reai- 
denoe  near  Killaloe.  12.  Bonmka,  or 
Bel-Bommha,  a  remarkable  fort,  abont 
a  inile  noHh  of  Killaloe.  It  ia  said 
that  Brian  there  protected  the  cattle 
apoil  which  he  levied  from  Leinater, 
nnder  the  name  of  Bonimh|  or  fioro- 
mean  tribnte. 

*  Ireland,  See  p.  141.  The  more 
correct  date  aaaigna  but  12  years  to 
Brianta  reign  aa  King  of  Ireland, 
aasnming  A.D.  1002  to  have  been  his 
first  yeaxv  Onr  author  quotea  the 
bard  Giolla-Modnda  O'Caaaidy  aa  hia 
authority  for  the  ffii&ea  years,  bot 
Keating,  qnoting  the  veiy  aame  atanaa, 
althoogh  without  naming  the  poet, 
reada  twelve  yeara.  GioUa-Moduda 
died  about  114a  OTlaherty,  6^., 
p.  [2].  The  metre  ia  not  alteied  by 
either  reading. 


INTRODUCTION. 


clxi 


of  Leinster,  and  of  his  sister  Qormflaith,  who  was  at  this 
time  Trith  Brian  at  Eincora.  She  is  called  by  our  author 
"  firian's  wife,"  and  "  the  mother^  of  Donnchadh,  son  of 
Brian." 

Maelmordha  arrived  at  Brian's  residence,  bringing  with  He  bnngs 
him  three  large  pine  trees  to  make  masts  for  shippîng.  Jh^e  pSe 
These  were  probably  the  oflFering  or  tribute  paid  bymastafor 
Maelmordha  as  Brian's  vassal.    The  trees  had  been  cut "  ^' 
in  the  great  forest  of  Leinster,  called  Fidh-Gaibhli,  now 


^  Mbtker.     The  three  '^  mairiages^* 

trf  GormUuth  are  described  ih  some 

▼enes  qootod  by  the  Foar  M.  (1030), 

•I  three  **  leape"  or  "  jumps,  which  a 

woman  ahDuld  never   jtimp.**     This 

•eems  to  hint  that  the  three*  leaps  were 

BOt  legitimate  tnarfiages.    They  were 

"a  leap  at  Ath  Cliath,  or  Dublin,'* 

when  she  married  Olaf  Cuaran ;  '*  a 

leap  al  Tafa"  whda  Shi6  married  Mala- 

chy  II. ;"  and  ''a  leap  at  Cashel"  when 

■be  married  Brian.    The  Four  M.,  at 

1009,  record  the  death  of  Dubhcobh- 

laîgh,  a  wile  of  Brian  [danghter  of 

Cathal  0*Conchobhair  or  O'Connor, 

King  of  Connanght].    This  creates 

eome  difficulty ;  for  if  Brian's  marriage 

with  Gormflaith  took  place  in  or  af  ter 

tfaatyear,  her  son  Donnchadh  conld  not 

have  been  old  enongh  to  have  taken  a 

command  at  the  battie  of   Clontarf. 

Ut  «1  the  other  hand,  that  marriage 

took  place  as  a  part  of  Brian's  policj 

to  coaciUate  the  Dublin  Danes,  after 

Gleamama^  A»D.  1000  (see  p.  cadviil), 

Donnchadh  could  not  have  beai  more 

than  13  years  of  age  at  Clontarf. 

This,  it  may  be  said,  was  probably 

not  too  yaung,  aocording  to  the  cus. 

toms  of  the  period;  the  dan  woold 

fellow  the  son  of  their  chieftain  as  a 

Righdomhna  orposn&2e  heir ;  butwhy 

did  they  f  ollow  a  boy  when  they  might 

haye  chosen  one  of  their  late  chief~ 

tun's  elder  sons?     That  there  was 

somethiiig  wrong  is  evident  from  the 

faet,  that  a  prophecy,  as  we  shall  see, 


was  put  in  Brian's  mouth,  designating 
Donnchadh  as  his  heir.  See  p.  201. 
A  greater  difficulty  is  that  we  find 
Gormflaith  at  Kincora,  and  she  is 
called  by  our  author  "  Brian's  wife,'* 
at  the  time  of  her  brother's  unfortun*- 
ate  visit  there  with  his  pine  masts. 
This  must  have  been  after  1008,  and) 
therefore,  after  Gormflaith  had  been 
repudiated,  and  after  the  death  of  the 
wife  Brian  had  married  in  her  place» 
Possibly  after  this  lady's  death  6orm<> 
fiaith  may  have  visited  Kincora  in 
the  hope  of  recovering  her  position; 
but  finding  herself  coldly  received,  she 
beoame  "grim**  against  Brian,  as  the 
Saga  sayS)  and  resolved  upon  a  deadly 
revenge. 

The  only  other  ezplanation  of  the 
difficulty  is  probably  the  true  one,  that 
Donnchadh  was  illegitimate,  and  so 
may  have  been  as  old,  or  nearly  as 
old,  as  Murchadh.  We  know  that 
very  lax  notions  prevaîled  in  that  age 
amongst  the  Irish  about  concabinage 
and  bigamy.  The  Njal-Saga  says 
that  Gormflaith  was  not  the  mother  of 
Brian's  sons  (meaning,  perhaps,  that 
she  was  not  the  mother  of  the  sons 
whom  it  names),  and  also,  according  to 
Dr.  Dasent's  version  (BunU  Njal,  ii.,  p. 
823),  that  ''Brian  was  the  name  of 
the  king  that  ftrH  had  her  to  wife." 
But  for  the  word  firtt  there  does  not 
seem  to  be  any  authority  dther  in  the 
original  Icelandic,  or  in  the  Latin  trans- 
lation,  of  the  Saga. 


dxii 


INTRUDUCTION. 


Figili.'  This  forest  extended  into  the  temtories  of  three 
tribes^  (the  Ui  Failghe,  the  Ui  Faelain,  and  the  Ui 
Muiredhaigh),  at  the  point  where  the  present  coiinty  of 
Kildare  unites  with  the  King's  and  Queen's  countiea 
Each  tiibe'  fumished  one  of  the  three  masi»,  and  each 
tribe  sent  a  party  of  its  men  to  cany  their  respective 
trees.  When  ascending  a  boggy  mountain  a  dispute 
oocurred  among  the  men,  probably  upon  the  precedency 
of  their  tribes,  which  Maehnordha  decided  by  assisting 
in  person  to  carry  the  tree  of  the  Ui  Faelain.  He  had 
on  a  tunic  of  silk,  which  Brian*  had  given  him,  with  "a 
border  of  gold  around  it,  and  silver  buttons."  By  the 
exertion  he  made  in  lifting  the  tree,  one  of  the  buttons 
came  off;  and  on  his  arrival  at  Eoncora^  he  applied 
to  his  sister  Qormâaith  to  replaoe  it.  She  took  the  tunic 
and  cast  it  into  the  fire,  reproaching  him,  in  bitter  and 
insulting  language,  for  his  meanness  in  submitting  to  be 
a  servant  or  vassalto  any  man,  and  adding  that  neither 


l/V*/*'.  OrFeegile.  Tbenamere- 
maiiiB  in  the  parish  of  Clonsast,  King> 
00.,  a  few  mfles  K.  of  Portarlingtoo. 

'Tkrteirihes.  The  district  inhabit- 
ed  by  the  Ui  Faelain  occupîes  aboat 
the  northem  half  of  the  coonty  of  Kil- 
darO}  indnding  the  baronies  of  Clane 
and  Salt,  Ikeathy  and  Ooghterany. 
B.  of  RighU,  p.  206,  n,  The  Ui 
Mniredhaigh  (called  by  the  English, 
Omurethiy  OToole*8  original  country) 
were  aeated  in  the  sonthem  portion  of 
the  co.  of  Kildare,  viz.,  in  the  baronies 
of  Kilkea  and  Moone,  £.  and  W.  Nar- 
ragh,  with  Bebaa,  and  parts  of  ConnelL 
Jbid,,  p.  210.  The  territory  of  Ui 
Failghe  consisted  of  the  baronies  of 
£.  and  W.  Offaly,  connty  of  Kildare, 
those  of  Portnahinch  and  Tinnahinch, 
in  the  Qneen's  county,  and  that  por- 
tion oi  King's  eounty  which  is  in  the 
dioceses  of  Kildare  and  Leighlin.  Jbid,, 
p.  216,  M. 

s  Ecu^  tnbe.     The  MS.  D,  adds  to 


the  three  tribes  the  Laighis  or  Leix, 
and  the  three  Commains.  O'Cleiy 
seems  to  have  rejected  this  raading, 
and  it  is  probably  an  interpoUiian. 
If  it  were  tme  there  onght  to  hare 
been  more  than  three  masta.  The 
district  of  Leix,  in  the  Qneen^s  co.,  ad- 
joins  the  site  of  the  ancient  wood  of 
Fidh  GaibhlL  The  three  Gonunaina 
were  septs  in  the  N.  of  the  present  co. 
of  Kilkenny,  and  3.  of  the  Qneen^s  co., 
on  the  borders  of  the  ancient  Oanighe 
or  Osaory.  They  were,  therefore^  at 
a  considerable  distance  from  the  wood 
of  Fidh-GaibhIL  For  an  aceoant  of 
Leix  see  B,  qflUffht»,  p.  214,  d.  p. 

*  Brian.  It  is  worthy  of  note  tiiat 
one  of  the  righU  to  which  the  Kmg  of 
Naa8(Le.|  of  Leinster),  was  entitled 
from  the  King  of  Ireland  waa  <'  fine 
textnred  clothes  at  Tara,"  and,  there- 
fore,  after  Tara  was  abaadoned, 
whereyer  the  King  held  his  ooart.  R, 
of  RighU,  p.  251. 


INTRODUCTION. 


clxiii 


his  father  or  grandfather^  would  ever  have  yielded  io 
Buch  indignity. 

Her  ^ords  naturally  irritated  Maelmordha,  and  pre-  He  takes 
pared  him  to  resent  every  insult.  An  occadon  soon  pre-  ^^^^ 
sented  itself.  Brian's  eldest  son,^  MxLrcbadh,  or  Mur- 
rogh,  was  playing  a  game  of  chess  with  his  cousin 
Conaing,'  when  Maelmordha,  looking  on,  suggested  a 
move,  by  which  Murchadh  lost  the  game.  Angered  at 
this  he  said  to  Maelmordha,  **  That  was  like  the  advice 
you  gave  to  the  Danes,  which  lost  them  Glenmama." 
The  other  answered,  "  I  will  give  them  advice  now,  and 
they  shall  not  be  again  defeated."  Murchadh  replied, 
"Ihen  you  had  better  remind  them  to  prepare  a  yew 
tree*  for  your  reception." 

This  insult  set  fire  to  the  fîiel,  and  early  the  nextQnifs 
moming  Maelmordha  quitted  the  house  in  wrath,  "with-  j^"*o'f 
out  permission,  and  without  takîng  leave"  (p.  145).  anger. 

Brian  hearing  this  sent  a  messenger  to  entreat  of  him 
to  retum  and  listen  to  an  explanation.  Cogar&n,  the 
messenger  (see  p.  cxxxvi),  overtook  him  at  the  bridge 
of  Eillaloe  as  he  was  mounting  his  horse.    But  the  King 


^Gnmdfaiker.  Her  gimndfather 
VI8  Fina,  cfaieftain  of  the  Ui  Failghe 
(cir  Offaly),  al.  928,  who  waa  the  son 
ol  MfthnflTfMia,  mii  of  Conchobhar, 
eh.  ol  Offftly  (obu  921>  Finn  had  a 
•00,  M ufchadh  (si.  970),  who  waa  the 
lather  of  Maefanorâha,  King  of  Lein- 
■icr  (iL  at  ClonUrf,  1014),  and  of 
Oonttflaith.  Finn  had  aleo  a  son,  Con- 
cfaobhair  (ob.  977),  who  was  the  father 
of  Coogalacfa  (ob.  1017),  father  of  Con- 
chobhar  (anceetor  of  0*Concobhair 
Failghe,  or  0*Connor  Faly),  father  of 
Bngarbhan  (sL  at  Clootarf,  1014> 
GormfUith  died  1020.  Maetmordha, 
King  of  Leimter,  Oormioith*»  brother, 
had  a  son,  Bnus,  who  was  the  anceetor 
of  the  Ui  Brain,  or  O'Byme,  of  Lein- 
ster.  He  was  biinded  bj  his  cousin, 
Sitric,  Khig  of  Dublin  (his  father*s 
gieat  ally),  m  1018  (1017  Fonr  M.). 


He  died  at  Cologne,.  1052.  See  Atm. 
UU. 

'Eldesiion.  Brian's  flrst  wife  was 
Mur,  daughter  of  Eidliin,  anoestor  of 
the  OhEidhin  (now  O'Heyne),  of  the 
race  of  Gnaire  Aidhne,  King  of  Con- 
naoght.  See  O'Donovan's  ffy  Fiach- 
rac&(p.398).  By  her  Brian  had  three 
Bona — 1. Murchadh;  2.  Conchobhar;  8. 
FlannţallslainatClontarf.  TheNjaU 
Saga  erroneously  states  that  Brian's 
son,  Donnchadb,  was  the  eldest,  misled 
probably  becanse,  owing  toMuit'hadh*s 
death,  he  suooeeded  his  father  as  King 
of  Mnnster.    BumU  Njal^  ii.,  p.  828. 

•  CoMmg,  Son  of  Brian's  brother, 
Donncuan.  Conaing  was  afterwards 
slain  at  Clontarf.  Others  snppose  that 
Conaing  O'CarroU,  erenach  of  Glenda- 
lough,  was  intended.  See  note  \  p.  144» 
*  Fev  lr«s.    See  above,  p.  czliz. 


clxiv 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ezcites  the  of  Leinster's  irritation  had  not  yet  subsided ;  he  struck 
trilwfto  ^^®  ill-fated  Cogarân  a  violent  blow  on  the  skull  with  a 
m^oiu  stick,  and  "  broke  all  the  bones  of  his  head."  Maelmordha 
then  retumed*  in  haste  to  his  own  territory,  and  lost  no 
time  in  making  known  to  his  tribe  the  great  insult  he 
had  reoeived,  nsing  all  his  influence  to  excite  them  to 
avenge  his  wrongs.  They  resolved  upon  a  revolt,  and 
messengers  were  sent  to  Flaithbhertach  (or  Flaherty),  son 
of  Muirchertach^  O'Neill,  to  FergaP  O'Rourke,  King  of 
Brefii^,  and  to  Ualgarg  O'Ciardha,*  King  of  Cairbre 
O'Ciardha  (now  the  barony  of  Carbury,  in  the  N.W.  of 


^  Itetwned,  A  minute  account  of  the 
route  Maelmordha  took  on  his  way  to 
Leinster  ia  gtven.  Learing  RiUaloe 
he  spent  the  firat  night  at  Sen  Leaa 
Abăinn  [old  fort  of  St  Abban],  in  the 
district  of  the  Ui  mBuidhi^  which  was 
in  the  Qneen^s  coonty  (baronies  of 
Balljradams  and  Slievemargy),  on  the 
river  now  called  Douglaa,  a  tributaiy 
of  the  Barrow.  Here  he  remained  for 
the  night  at  the  honse  of  Mac  Berdai 
(now  Berry)j  chieftain  of  the  Ui 
mBnidhL  The  distance  from  Killaloe 
to  this  place  cannot  have  been  less 
than  sixty  statute  milee,  a  good  day's 
joumey.  The  next  moming  he  stopped 
at  Qarbh'-thamhnach  [rough  fleld]ţ 
otherwise  Garbh  -  thonnach  [rough 
mound  or  rampart],  an  ancient  seat  of 
the  kings  of  Leinster,  in  the  territory 
of  the  Ui  Muiredhaigh  (see  p.  clxii., 
n*),  between  Naas  and  Maynooth.  The 
exact  site  has  not  been  ascertamed. 
The  house  seems  to  have  been  then 
oocu|»ed  by  Dnnlaing,  son  of  Tuathal, 
King  of  Western  Lif^,  ancestor  of  the 
Ui  Tnaihail,  or  OToole  s  of  Lein- 
iter.  See  Four  M.,  1013,  and  O'Do- 
novan*B  note  '.  At  this  place  Mael- 
mordha summoned  the  tribes  to  meet 
him,  and  organized  the  revolt  These 
parttcnlars  of  Maelmordha's  jonmey 
are  so  accnrately  consistent  with  the 


geography  of  the  country  that  they 
should  be  regarded  as  undesigned  eri- 
dences  of  the  authenticity  of  the  nai^ 
rative. 

B  Ăfuircheriach.  This  Muirchcr- 
tach  was  son  of  Domhnall,  King  of 
Ireland,  and  brother  of  Aedh  O'Neill, 
late  chieftain  of  Ailech,  of  whom  we 
have  already  spoken.  See  Gen.  Table 
I.,  p.  245.  His  son  Flaithbhertadi, 
who  succeeded  Aedh,  was  caUed  am 
trottainf  **  Flaherty  of  the  pilgrim*s 
staffţ"  because  he  went  on  a  pUgrimage 
to  Rome  in  1030.  See  Circmt  qflrt- 
land,  p.  68. 

>  FergaL,  This  ought  to  be  Aedb, 
son  of  Feiţal  Ua  Ruairc,  or  O^RourlEe, 
if  indeed  it  be  not  entirely  wlthont 
foundation.  Fergal  himaelf  waa  alain 
in  964  (Four  M.)  ^965  (^im.  I7ft.) 
Aedh,  son  of  Fergal,  is  hen  called 
King  of  Brefn^  a  district  compriamg 
the  present  counties  of  Leitrim  and 
Cavan,  but  formeriy  a  part  of  Con- 
naught  His  f ather,  Fergal,  was  King 
ofConnanght.  /burif.,964.  Tcpogr, 
Poemă^  xxxvi  (262). 

«  aCiardha.  This  famUy  is  now 
reduced  to  poverty,  and  the  name, 
angliciaed  Keaiy  and  Carey,  is  to  be 
found  principally  among  the  peaaantry 
of  Kildare  and  Meath.  See  O^Dono- 
van,  By  Fiachrach,  p.  266,  «ote. 


INTRODUCnON. 


clxv 


ilie  county  of  Eildare),  and  these  all  promised  their  aid 
against  Brian  (p.  147). 

They  kept    their  word.      Flaherty   0*Neill  ravaged  The  înva- 
Meath,  and  slew  Osii  [or  Flosi]  son  of  Dubhcenn,*  son^"^^ 
of  Ivar  of  Limerick,  one  of  Brian's  confidenţial  stewards, 
whom  he  seems  to  have  appointed  to  uphold  his  interests 
in  MeailL     Ualgarg  0*Ciardha  and  Ferghal  [or  Aedh] 
O'Sourke  attacked  Malachy ;  they  plundered  the  Oail- 
enga,*  in  Meath,  and  slew  Malach^s  grandson,  DomhnaU, 
eon  of  Donnchadb,  who  would  have  been  heir  of  Tara 
if  the  ordinary  rule  of  the  succession  had  been  observed 
Hany  other  chiefbaîns'  also  were  slain  on  this  occasion.  Defeated 
But  Malachy  overtook  the  assailants,  and  defeated  them  ^^***" 
in  a  bloody  battle,  in  which  Ualgarg  O'Ciardha,  King  of 
Cau>brd,  and  Tadhg  0*Ceamachan,  sub-Eing  of  Brefn^, 
with  many  others,  felL     This  event  the  Fonr  Masters 
have  assigned  to  the  year  1013. 

Encouraged  by  this  success,  Malachy  pursued  his  vie-  Who  plnn- 
toiy,  and  dividing  his  forces  into  "three  plundering  ^^J^^^" 
parties"  (p.   149),  ravaged  the  country  as  far  as  BenaaHowth. 
Edair,  now  Howth,  attacking  prindpaUy  the  foreigners. 


^  Dubkceim.  See  above,  pp.  ciL, 
& 

*  CdUngOj  now  the  barony  of  Mor- 
gilBon,  co.  of  Meath,  tvhich  ia  the 
lagBdzed  pronimciation  of  M6r-Gai- 
Inga,  the  great  Gailenga.  Of  this  dis- 
trict O'Leocham  was  the  chieftain. 
Anotherdistrict  called  Gailenga-beaga, 
or  tittle  Gaile&ga,  nearer  Dublin,  in^ 
eladed  the  monastery  of  Glas-Noeidh- 
b,  now  GlasneTin.  The  chieftain  of 
this  district  was  O  hAenghusa  (now 
Hcnaeii^).  There  was  another  set- 
tiement  of  the  Gailenga,  in  the  co.  of 
HsŢo^  in  Connanght.  The  tribe  were 
desoended  from  Cormac  Gailenga,  son 
of  Tadhg,  son  of  Cian,  son  of  Oilioll 
Olum,  King  of  Munster.  This  Cormac 
vas  samamed  Gailenga,  becanse  he 
had  di^laced  an  ancient  tribe  of  the 


Firbolg  called  CUmnaGaileom^  or  Gai- 
lenga.    Jrith  Nemniui^  p.  49. 

'  Other  cki^taini.  Cemach,  son  of 
Flann,  King  of  Lini  (Loighne,  Ftmr 
M.)y  and  Senan  Ua  Lenchan  (Ua  Leo* 
chain,  Fowr  if.),  King  of  Gailenga,  ara 
mentioned.  The  Lini  or  Luighne  de* 
rived  their  name  from  Lnigh,  son  of 
Cormac  Gailenga  (see  laat  note),  and 
were,-  in  fact,  a  branch  of  the  Gailenga. 
Their  territory  in  Connanght  waa 
identical  witb  the  diocese  of  Achadh 
Conaire  (now  Achonry),  but  they  were 
also  settled  in  East  Meath,  and  there 
their  name  is  prsserrod  in  that  of  the 
barony  of  Xwia,  which,  however,  re* 
presents  only  a  small  part  of  their 
original  poasessions.  Cemach,  son  of 
Flum,  was  King  of  the  Meath  Lnighoe. 
A  o/BiffhtMt  p.  186,  9. 


clxvi 


INTBODUCriON. 


The  DaneB 
and  Lein- 
stermen 
plunder 
Meaih. 


BrUn 
enten 
Leinster. 


But  Maelmordha,  with  hîs  nephew  Sitric,  Bon  of  Olaf 
Cuaran,  gathered  the  Danish  and  Leinster  forces»  encoun- 
tered  Malachy,  and  cut  off  the  whole  of  one  of  hîa  three 
plundering  parties.  In  this  action  were  slain  Flann, 
sumamed  Albanacli,'  Qoa  of  Malachy,  Lorcan,  eon  of 
Echtighem,  King  of  the  Cinei  Mechair,^  and  "  two  him- 
dred  others  along  with  them." 

The  foreigners,  with  their  Leinster  allies,  then  oiganized 
an  expedition  to  Meath  (ck  Ixxxv.),  into  the  very  heart 
of  MaJachy's  kingdom,*  which  they  plundered  as  &r  aa 
Fobhar  of  Fechin/  and  caixied  ofi  captives  and  cattle 
innumerable,  not  respecting  even  the  very  Teimon  or 
sanctuary  of  St.  Fechin. 

Afber  having  endured  these  outrages,  Malachy  sent 
mesaengerB  to  Brian  to  demand  the  protection^  to  which 
as  a  vassal  he  waa  entitled. 

The  war  had  now  commenced.  Brian,  with  hia  own 
Munster  troops  and  his  allies  &om  Connaught,  entered 
Leinster,  and  ravaged  Ossory  (eh.  Ixxxvi.)  His  son 
Murchadh,  in  command  of  another  army,  devastated 
Leinster  as  fitr  as  the  monastery  of  St  Caemhgen,  or 
St.  Kevin,  at  Glendaloch,  in  the  county  of  Wicklow.    He 


1  Aîbanaeh,  Le.,  the  Scotch.  See 
Hote  ",  p.  1*9.  According  to  the 
Fonr  M.  thk  battle  was  fonght  in 
1012,  at  Draighnen,  now  Drinan,  near 
Kinaaley,  countj  of  Dublin.  Flann 
Albanach,  son  of  Malachy,  was  the 
ancestor  of  Diarmaid,  commonly  called 
MacMairongh,  at  whoee  inviUtion  the 
Nonnan  knights  of  Henry  II.  invaded 
Leinster. 

s  CkUl  MttJuur.  This  f amily  îs 
now  MeofflUr,  or  Maher,  Their  tribe 
Bame  was  Ui  Caiito,  whence  the  barony 
of  Ikerrin,  county  of  Tipperary. 

»  Kmgdom.  This  chapter  (Ixxxv.) 
does  not  occur  in  the  O'Clery  or  Bros^ 
nVs  MS.  The  Fonr  M.  take  no  notioe 
of  this  plundering  of  Meath  as  far  as 
Fobhar;  bnt  it  is  mtentigned  in  the 


Dublin  il»Mi.  ImrfaU.  at  1018,  doubtlMS 
on  the  authority  of  the  present  work. 

*  Fobhar  of  Feckm.  Now  Far9, 
a  famous  monastery  in  the  K.E.  of 
Westmeath,  foonded  by  St.  Fechin  in 
the  7th  centniy. 

<^  ProUction,  The  words  are»  **  pray- 
ing  him  not  to  permit  the  Brefn^  [co. 
of  Cavan],  or  the  Cairbre  [oo.  of  Kil- 
dare],  or  the  Cind  Eoghain  [the 
0*NeiIls  of  Tyrone],  to  come  aii  toge- 
ther  against  him,"  p.  149.  îs  ii 
likely  that  Malachy,  smarting  nnder 
the  great  losses  here  described,  woold 
80  soon  af terwards  treacheronsly  join 
the  party  of  his  bitterest  enemies 
against  his  own  tme  interests,  as  the 
Dalcassian  authon  wonld  pecanade  na 
hedid? 


/ 


INTRODTJCTION. 


cbcviî 


▼ian  allies. 


bnrnt  and  ravaged  the  whole  country,  canyii^  off  cap- 
tives  and  cattle,  iintil  he  anived  at  Cili  Maîgbnenn,^ 
and  tlie  Qreen  of  DubUn,  which  was  probably  the  plain 
between  ELilmainham  and  the  city. 

Here  Biian  joined  him;  and^they  blockaded  Dublin,  DubUn 
remaining  encamped  before  it  from  the  festival  of  Si  ^^**^**^*^* 
Ciaran'  in  Harvest  to  Christmas  Day.     But  the  Danish 
garrison  of  Dublin  kept  closely  within  their  walls,  and  at 
Christmaâ,  for  want  of  provisions,  Brian  was  forced  to 
nise  the  siege  and  retum  home. 

Things  remained  quiet  during  the  following  winter.  Sitric  and 
But  in  spring,  about  the  festival  of  St.  Patrick  (17th  of  ^^f*^**" 
Maxch),   Brian  began  to    organize  another  expedition  Scandina- 
against  Dublin  and  the  King  of  Leinster  (eh.  Ixxxvii,  p.  ^      "' 
151),  and  he  had  now  no  time  to  lose.    Sitric,  of  Dublin, 
and  his  mother,   Gformflaith,  with  King  Maelmordha, 
were  actively  engaged  in  coUecting  forces  for  the  final 
sfcruggle.     Our  author  says,   ''They  sent  ambassadors 
everywhere  around  them  to  gather  troops  unto  them,  to 
meet  Brian  in  battle."    Brodar,  the  earl,  and  Amlaibh, 
son  of  the  King  of  Lochlann,  **  the  'two  earls  of  Cair' 
and  of  aU  the  north  of  Saxon  land,"  are  particularly  men- 
tioned    They  are  described  as  pia«.  «"Lving  no  vene- 
ration,  respect,  or  mercy  for  God  or  man,  for  church  or 
sauctuary  (p.  153).     They  came  at  the  head  of  2,000 
men,  who  are    represented  as    hard-hearted,  ferocious 
mercenaries ;  '*  and  there  was  not  one  villain  of  that 
2,000  who  had  not  polished,  strong,  triple-plated  armour 
of  refined  iron  or  of  cool  uncorroding  brass,  encasiog 
their  sides  and  bodies  from  head  to  fooi" 


^  cm  ifm^nenny  now  Ealmainham, 
Dubim. 

*  8i.  Ciaran,  The  festival  of  St. 
Cîamn,  in  harvest,  {.e.,  of  St.  Ciaran 
of  Clonmacnoifl,  was  Sept.  9th.  The 
festiyal  of  the  older  Ciaran  of  Saighir, 
or  Seb-kiaran,  tras  March  5th. 
'  *  Cair.  Thls  is  eridently  cormpted. 
See  p.  151,  note  ^.     Cair  ia  probably 


meant  for  Ccdr-EbroCf  or  York  (see  p. 
165) ;  but  in  B.  Brodar  ia  called  Earl 
of  Cair  Ascadal,  and  instead  of  Am- 
laibh,  we  find  *^  Aacadal  of  Cair  Asca- 
dai""  assodated  irlth  Brodar.  Tha 
Danes  of  Dublin  were  alvays  in  dose 
connexion  with  their  countrymen  in 
Tork  and  Northumberland;  but  the 
NJal-Saga  makes  no  mentlon  of  Tork. 


clxviii 


INTRODUCnON. 


Additionai      Then  ouT  author  gives  a  list'  of  the  Scandinavian  and 

Soppiiedby  other  auxiliaries,  who,  he  expresdy  says,  were  " invited" 

the  Njai-    by  the  Dublin  Danes  to  join  them  în  resisting  Brian. 

**^*        The  Njal-Saga  supplies  some  particulars  of  this  invi- 

taiion,  which  throw   consîderable  light  on  the  secret 

springs  of  the  conspiracy.     Oormflaith  had  sent  her  son 

Sitric  to  Sigurd,  earl  of  the  Orkneys,  who  oonsented  to 

join  the  oonfederacy  on  the  conditions  that,  in  the  event 

of  its  success,  he  was  to  be  King  of  Ireland,  and  to  have 

the  hand  of  Gormflaith.     Sitric  did    not  hesitate   to 

promise  him  this.    On  his  retum  he  informed  his  mother 

of  the  arrangement  he  had  made,  and  she  expressed  her- 

self  well  pleased,  but  sent  him  forth  again  to  collect 

greater  forcea     She  directed  him  to  the   Isle  of  Man, 

where  there  lay  on  the  west  coast  two  Yikings,  with 

thirty  ships,  and  she  oommanded  him  to  engage  their 

services  "  whatever  price  they  might  ask." 

Ospak  and      Sitric  soon  found  them-     They  were  brothers ;  one  waa 

®"^^'       named  Ospak ;  the  other  was  Brodir,  who  refused  to  give 

his  aid  except  on  the  conditions,  which  Earl  Sigurd  had 

also  required,  namely,  the    kingdom  and  Gormflaith'a 


iJUit  Sm  p.  15a  TheMare:— 
1.  Singrad,  loii  of  Lotar  (Hloâver,  or 
Ludoviciu),  oaUed  Sigurd  în  the  Njal- 
Saga,  Earl  of  Jnsi  Orc,  or  the  Orkne^ 
lalandi.  See  his  genealogy,  Burnt 
NJal  ii.,  p.  11,  eh.  84.  2.  Ha  waa 
followed  hy  the  foreigners  from  the 
Orkneys,  and  from  Inşi  Cat,  possibly 
the  Shetland  idands.  8.  There  came 
also  the  foreigners  of  Manann  (Isle  of 
Man) ;  of  Sci,  now  Skye;  of  Leodhns, 
now  Lewis ;  of  Cind-Tiri  (Cantire) ; 
and  of  AireroGaeidhil,  now  Argyle.  4. 
There  were  also  two  Barona  of  Corn 
Bretan  or  Cornwall;  and  Com-da- 
bliteoc,  of  the  Britons  of  Cili  Mnni 
(now  St-  David's,  in  Pembrokeshire). 
In  another  reading  of  this  last  danse, 
which  showB  that  it  was  obscure  to 
the  andent  timacnben»  Combliteoc 


is  spoken  of  as  the  name  of  a  conntiy. 
See  note  ^\  p.  168.  Com-da-bliteoc, 
or  Comablltheoc,  ia  mentioned  hcra 
and  in  a  subseqnent  part  of  the  narra- 
tive  as  the  name  of  a  chieftain.  See 
pp.  178,  188.  5.  Carlns  and  Ebric, 
or  Elbrîc,  **  two  sons  of  the  King  of 
France,"  The  King  of  France  was  at 
that  time  Robert  IL,  son  of  Hogh 
Capet ;  but  these  maj  have  been  the 
sons  of  some  inferior  dynast  of  France. 
In  another  place  (see  p.  165),  Elbric 
is  described  as  "son  of  the  King  of 
Loohlann.**  6.  Plat  or  Plait,  ^a 
strong  knight  of  Lochlann,**  called 
"  son  of  the  King  of  Lochlann,  brava 
Champion  of  the  foreigners,**  7.  The 
hero  Conmael,  or  as  B.  reads,  **Maol.** 
He  is  called  Brodar'a  mother*»  lOQ,  p. 
16^ 


iNTRODUcrrioN.  cbdx 

hand  Sitric  made  no  scruple  to  comply,  stipulating  only 
that  the  agreement  was  to  be  kept  secret,  and  tliat  EarI 
Sîgurd  especially  was  to  know  nothing  about  it.  Accord- 
ingly,  Brodir  gave  his  word  to  be  at  Dublin  on  Palm 
Sunday,  the  day  that  had  been  previously  fixed  with 
Sigurd*  and  the  other  conspirators. 

"  Brodir,"  according  to  the  Saga,  "  had  been  a  Christian  Description 
man,  and  a  mass-deacon  by  conseeration,  but  he^had®^^"**^* 
thrown  off  his  faith  and  become  God's  dastard,  and  now 
worsbipped  heathen  fiends,  and  he  was  of  all  men  most 
skilled  in  sorcery.  He  had  that  coat  of  mail  on  which 
no  steel  would  bite.  He  was  both  tall  and  strong,  and 
had  such  long  locks  that  he  tucked  them  under  his  belt. 
His  hair  was  black."  Such  is  the  Scandinavian  descrip- 
tion*  of  the  man  who  was  destined,  after  the  battle  that 
followed,  to  slaughter  in  cold  blood  the  great  King  Brian, 
and  to  be  himself  slain  at  the  same  moment. 

Ospak,  however,  refused  to  fight  against  "the  goodospak 
King  Brian ;"  and  certain  prodigies,  which  the  Saga  de-  }^^?^^ 
scribes,  detennined  him  to  separate  himself  from  his 
brother.  He  "  vowed  to  take  the  true  faith,  and  to  go 
to  King  Brian,  and  follow  him  till  his  death  day."  So  he 
escaped  with  ten  ships,  leaving  Brodir  twenty,  and  sailing 
westwards  to  Ireland,  "  he  came  to  Connaught,"  to  Brian^s 
house,  that  is  to  say,  to  Ceim-coradh,  or  Kincora,  on  the 
Shannon.  **  Then  Ospak  told  King  Brian  all  that  he  had 
leamt,  and  took  baptism,  and  gave  himself  over  into  the 
king's  hand"^ 

In  comiiequence  of  Sitric's  es^ertions  "a  very  great  The 


1  Sijfurd.  BuTDt  Njal,  u.,  pp.  327, 
328. 

•Jkacriptian.  Ibid,  p.  829.  It 
has  been  suggested  that  Brodir's  real 
name  ia  loat.  He  was  Ospak's  brother, 
and  Brodir  was  mistaken  for  a  proper 
name.  If  ao,  the  mistake  waa  made 
by  the  Scandinavian  authorities  aa 
well  aa  by  the  Iriah.  Bfaurer  (quoted 
by  Daaent,  Bumi  Sjal,  u,  p.  clxxxix., 


fiole),  conjectares  that  he  may  have 
been  the  Daniah  aea-king,  Gutring, 
who  was  an  apostate  deacon. 

»  ne  king'»  hand,  Bumt  Njal,  ii., 
p.  332.  The  Irtsh  accounta  of  the 
battle  make  no  mention  of  Ospak, 
or  of  his  conversion  to  Chriatlanity ; 
in  other  respecta  they  are  not  incon- 
sistent with  the  story  aa  told  in  the 
Saga. 


MuHtpr  at 
Dublin. 


clxx 


IKTRODUC?nOK. 


fleef  assembled  from  various  quarters  at  Dublin. 
Within  the  city  itself  Maelmordha  had  mustered  a  con- 
siderable  force,  which  he  divided  into  three  great  bat- 
talions,  consisting  of  the  "  muster  of  Laighin,"  or  men  of 
Leinster,  who  were  under  his  own  immediate  command, 
with  the  Ui  Cennselaigh,  or  Hy-Kinshela,  whose  country 
was  the  eounty  of  Wexford. 

Brian  Biîan  meanwhile  had  advanced  towards  Dublin  (eh. 

J^^tj^^  Ixxxviii)  with  "  all  that  obeyed  him  of  the  men  of  Ire- 
land,"  namely,  the  provincial  troops  of  Munster  and  Con- 
naught,  with  the  men  of  Meath.  But  these  laei,  although 
they  came  to  his  standard,  were  suspected  of  disaffection. 


1  Fleet  See  p.  153.  The  unpub- 
lished  Annals  of  Loch  C6  give  the  fol- 
lowing  acconnt  of  Sitric's  auxiliaries: 
— "  There  had  arrived  there  [viz-,  ** 
Dublin]  the  chosen  braves  and  chief- 
taina  of  the  island  of  Britain  from 
Caer  Eabhrog,  and  from  Caer  Eighist, 
and  from  Caer  Goniath.  There  had 
arrived  there  also  most  of  the  kings 
and  chieftains,  knights  and  warriors, 
and  heroes  of  valour,  and  brave  men 
of  the  north  of  the  world :  both  Black 
Lochlanns,  and  White  Lochlanna,  in 
companionship  and  in  alliance  with 
the  Gaill ;  bo  that  they  were  in  Ath- 
cliath  with  the  son  of  Amlafif,  to  ofiFer 
warfare  and  battle  to  the  Gaedhil. 
There  arrived  there  Siograd  Finn 
[the  white]  and  Siograd  Donn  [the 
hroum],  two  sons  of  Lothair,  earl  of 
the  Orkney  irlanda,  with  the  armies  of 
the  Orkney  islanda  along  with  them. 
There  arrived  there  moreover  an  im- 
mense  army  from  the  Inşi  GaU  [the 
Hebrides],  and  from  Man,  and  from 
the  Renna  or  Srenna  [a  district  of  Gal- 
loway?],  and  from  the  British  [i.e., 
Welsh],  and  from  thePlemenna  [Flem- 
ings?].  There  arrived  there  also 
Brodar,  earl  of  Caer  Eabhrog,  with 
numeroushosts ;  and  Uithir,  the  black, 
».6.,  the  soldier  of  Eighist;  and  Griaine, 
the  Flemiab  pngilist ;  and  Greiaiam,  of 


the  Normans.  There  arrived  there  a 
thoosand  heroes  of  the  black  Danars, 
bold,  brave,  valiant,  with  ahields,  and 
with  targets,  and  with  many  coraLetii 
from  Thafinn  [?],  who  were  with  them. 
There  were  there  also  immenae  armies, 
and  the  warlike  victorions  banda  of 
Fine  GaU  [FingaR]^  and  the  merchanta 
who  came  from  the  lands  of  France,  and 
from  the  Saxona,  and  from  the  Britons 
and  Romana.  There  had  arrived  there, 
too,  Maolmordba,  aon  of  Hnrdiadh, 
Bon  of  Finn,  chief  kingof  the  provinoe 
of  Leinster,  with  the  kinga,  and  chief- 
tains,  and  stont  heroes  of  Leinster, 
and  with  the  youths  and  championa 
along  with  him,  in  the  same  Following. 
Great  indeed  was  the  Following  and 
the  Muster  that  came  there.  Warlike 
and  haughty  waa  the  upriaing  that 
they  made  there,  namely,  the  war- 
riors and  championa  of  the  Gaill  and 
the  Gaedhil  of  Leinster,  againat  the 
battalions  of  the  Munster-men,  and  to 
ward  off  from  them  the  oppression  ol 
Brian  Borumha ;  and  six  great  bat- 
talions was  the  full  foroe  of  the  Danes, 
Ce.,  a  battalion  to  guard  the  fortress 
[of  Dublin]  within,  and  five  batta- 
lions to  contend  against  the  GaedfaiL" 
AtmaU  of  Loch  Cf  (MS.  Trin.  ColL, 
Dublin),  A.D.  1014. 


INTEODUCTION. 


clxxi 


for  Brian  knew,  adds  our  author,  "  that  they  would  desert 
hîm'  at  the  approach  of  the  battle," — a  piece  of  treacheiy 
of  which  they  were  not  guilty.  On  his  way  to  Dublin 
Brian  plundered  the  districte  of  Ui  Oabhla,  or  Ui  Gabhra, 
and  Ui  Dunchadha.*  He  advanced  into  Fine-gall  or 
Fîngall,'  and  bumed  Cill-Maighnenn,  now  Kilmainham/ 
Brian  then  sent  his  son  Donnchadh,  or  Donogh,  with  ''  the 
new  levies"*  of  the  Dai  Cais,  and  the  third  battaUon  of 
Munster,  to  plunder  Leinster,  whose  people  and  soldiery, 
its  natural  protectors,  were  now  engaged  in  the  garrison 
of  Dublin.  He  himself  remained  to  watch  Dublin,  and 
to  plunder  the  Danish  country  around  it. 

The  blaze  of  the  buruing  in  Fingall,  which  included  the  The  enemy 
neighbouring  district  of  Edar,  now  Howth,  soon  attracted  ^^'from 
the  attention  of  the  enemy's  troops  within  the  cîty,  and  Dublin. 
they  at  once  saUied  forth  in  battle  array  to  attack  Brian 
in  the  plain  of  Magh-nEalta,^  "raising  on  high   their 
standarde  of  battle." 


^  Detert  kim.  This  accusation  was, 
no  doubt,  the  resnlt  of  the  party  spirit, 
wfaich  songht  to  blacken  as  much  as 
poasible  the  character  of  Malach^  and 
hia  Meath-men,  in  order  to  justify 
Brianta  nanipation  of  the  kingdom. 
See  a  paper  by  the  editor  of  the 
present  work,  in  which  reasons  are 
ghren  to  dear  Malachy  of  this  char^ ; 
ProceedktffM,  Royal  Irtsk  Acad.,  voi 
TiL,  p.  498,  sq.  It  may  be  added 
that  the  accusation  was  evidently  dis- 
belîeved  by  the  Four  M.,  who  malie  no 
mentlon  of  it.  See  also  Moore*s  Hitt, 
ofireltmd,  ii.,  108. 

s  Ui  Oabkra,  and  Ui  Dtmekadha, 
See  above,  p.  czliii,  note  ^. 

*  Fingail,  80  called  from  Ftne-ffoUj 
"district  or  territory  of  fhe  foreign- 
era,"  who  had  settled^there.  See  Four 
Jf.,  1052;  Beeves'  Adamnan,  p.  108,  n. 
Comp.  3t.  Patrids,  Apoşi,  of  Jreland, 
295,  n.  *.  This  waa  a  district  in  the 
county  of  DubUn,  extending  along  the 
eoast  from  the  eity  to  the  river  Ailbhine 


(now  the  Delyin},  the  northem  limit 
of  the  county.  Ui  Dnnchadha  waa 
probably  that  part  of  the  county  of 
Dublin  which  lies  south  of  the  LiÎFey. 

^Kilmainham.  The  MS.  B  adda 
"and  Clondalkin."  These  famoua 
monasteries  were  now  in  the  hands  of 
the  pagan  enemy,  and  therefore  their 
sanctity  was  no  longer  respected  even 
by  Brian. 

«  Neuf  letfies.  Lit  "  Gray  Levies,'* 
See  note  10,  p.  154. 

«  Magh-nEaUa,  "Plain  of  the 
Flocks.*"  This  was  the  ancient  name  of 
thegrcat  plain  lying  betwecn  the  Hill 
of  Howth  and  the  HUI  of  Tamhlacht 
(now  Tallaght),  co.  of  Dublin.  That 
part  of  it  which  afterwards  got  the 
name  of  Clontarf,  was  anciently  called 
Sen  Magh-nEalta  Edair,  "Old  plain 
of  the  flocks  of  Edair."  Four  Jf., 
A.M.  2550.  Edar  waa  a  chieftain, 
who  is  said  to  have  flourished  a  few 
years  bef ore  the  Christian  era.  O'Fkt- 
herty,  Ogyg,,  p.  271. 

m2 


clxxii 


nnUODUCTTON. 


Brian  bolds 
a  council 
of  war. 


Prop08al  of 
the  pirates 
to  Brian. 


Pmbable 
origin  of 
tbe  stoiy. 


Brian  was  then  encamped  on  the  Plain,  or  Green,  of 
Dublin  (p.  155).  There  he  held  a  council  of  war  with 
the  principal  chieftains*  of  his  anny.  We  are  not  told 
the  subject  of  their  deliberations ;  but  the  result  seems  to 
have  been  a  determination  to  risk  a  general  engagement 
on  the  following  moming. 

The  pirates,  according  to  some  accounts,  had  on  that 
night  spent  their  pay  (chap.  xc,  p.  157),  and  had  resolved 
to  retum  to  their  homes.  They  had  gone  as  far  as  Benn- 
Edair,  or  Howth,  where  they  had  left  their  ships.  Dreading 
the  valour  of  the  Dai  Cais,  and  of  Murchadh  especially,  they 
had  promised  Brian  that  if  he  would  delay  "  the  buming," 
that  is  to  say,  the  buming  and  plunder  of  Fingall,  until 
the  morrow's  sunrise,  they  would  set  sail  and  never  come 
to  Ireland  again ;  but  now,  when  they  saw  that  the  devas- 
tation  of  the  country  had  begun,  they  resolved  to  have 
their  share  of  the  plunder,  and  prepared  to  conunence  the 
fight  in  the  moming.' 

This  story  seems  in  itself  very  improbable  ;  but  it  may 


^  Chi^/tamt.  The  members  present 
at  this  council  are  enumerated  thus :  1 . 
The  nobles  of  Dal-Caia.  2.  Maelseach- 
lainn,  late  King  of  Ireland,  now  King 
of  Meath.  3.  Murchadh,  Brian*s  eldest 
son.  4.  Cotiaing,  son  of  Bnan*s 
brother  Donncuan,  lord  of  Ormond. 
6.  Tadhg  an  eicb-gill  [Teige  of  tbe 
wbite  horse],  son  of  Catbal,  son  of 
Conchobhair,  king  of  Connaught;  with 
the  nobles  of  Connaught.  6.  The 
men  of  Munster,  meaning,  of  course, 
thechieftains.  7.  The  men  of  Meath. 
'*But  it  happened,"  adda  our  author, 
**  that  Maelsepblainn  and  the  men  of 
Meath  were  nut  of  one  mind  with  the 
rest."*  What  the  dlfference  of  opinion 
was  is  not  said;  but  this  clause  is 
doubtless  oonnected  with  the  Munster 
calumny  against  Malachy  and  his 
clansmen. 

*  Moming,  The  next  chap.  (Ixxxix. 
p.  155-7)  is  a  manifest  interpolation, 
and  does  not  occur  in  the  0*Clery  or 


BrussePs  MS.  B.  It  tells  how  Brian, 
looking  behind  him,  beheld  the  "bat- 
tle  phalanx**  of  Feigal  Ua  Ruairc 
(0*Rourke),  with  three  acore  and  ten 
banners  of  various  colours,  and  espe- 
cially the  victorious  "  gold-spangled  *' 
banner  of  O'Rourke  himself,  King  of 
the  territory  of  West  Breifn^  [Leitrim] 
and  of  Conmaicne,  t.6.,  of  Conmaicne 
Muighe-Rein,  a  district  nearly  co- 
extensive  with  the  dîocese  of  Ardagh. 
Besides  Fergal  himself,  tbese  troops 
had  for  their  leader  Dombnall,  son 
of  Ragallach  [Reilly],  ancestor  of 
thefamUy  of  O^ReUly  of  East  Breiini 
(county  of  Cavan),  and  Gilla-na- 
naemh,  son  of  Domhnall,  and  grandaon 
of  Fergal,  ancestor  of  the  family  of 
OTerghail,  now  O'FarreU.  Neither 
of  tbese  chieftains  is  mentioned  in 
tbe  annals,  and  indeed  the  whole  stoiy 
bears  internai  evidenoe  of  fabrication, 
for  Fergal  O^Ruairc  was  slain  XJ), 
I  966  [964,  Four  M.]^  and  our  anthor 


INTRODUCTION. 


clxxiii 


have  been  founded  on  the  fact,  vaguely  reported,  and  not 
veiy  clearly  understood,  that  the  pagan  leaders  were 
azudous  to  delay  the  commeneement  of  the  battle  until 
Qood  Friday ;  for  the  Viking  Brodir,  as  we  read  in  the 
Njal-Saga^  had  found  by  his  sorcery  "  that  if  the  fight 
were  on  Qood  Friday,  Klng  Brian  would  fall,  but  win  the 
day ;  bnt  if  they  fought  before,  they  would  all  fall  who 
were  against  him."  *  The  pretended  flight  of  a  body  of  the 
Norsemen,  and  their  promise  to  Brian  to  quit  Ireland  for 
ever  if  he  delayed  the  combat,  was  a  not  unlikely  strata- 
gem  to  induce  him  to  postpone  the  battle  to  the  fated 
Friday  moming. 

Our  author  next  proceeds  (eh.  xciv.,  p.  163)  to  give  an  Dîflpodtion 
account  of  the  manner  in  which  the  "  battalions"  of  the  i)^j^ 
enemy  were  disposed.    The  foreign  Danes,  and  auxiliaries,  totem. 
were  placed  in  the  fix)nt  of  the  army,  under  the  command 
of  Brodir'  or  (Brodar,  as  the  Irish  authorities  speli  the 


hâd  aiready  set  him  down  amongst 
Brian*B  enemies.    See  p.  147,  and  p. 
dxiv,  n.  •.    The  story,  however  (p. 
257),  goes  on  to  say  that  Fergal  (who 
waa  alflo  King  of  Connaiight),  with  hia 
atteadant  nobles,  was  received  with 
g;reat  respect  and  state  by  Brian  as  well 
as  by  hia  son,  Mnrchadh,  **  who  rose  np 
to  him,  and  seated  him  in  his  own  place" 
in  the  tent    Fergal  then,  in  reply  to 
Brian*s  question,  *'What  news?"  m. 
fonned  him  that  Aedh,  son  of  Ualgarg 
Ua  Ciardha,  King  of  Cairbr^  (now  the 
barony  of  Carbury,  connty  of  Kil- 
dare),  had  ref  osed  to  come  to  the  bat- 
tle. His  father,  it  will  be  remembered, 
had  been  slain  by  Halachy  the  year 
before.    See  p.  149.    Brian  thereupon 
corsed  the  Ui  Ciardha  and  the  Ui  Cair- 
br^  and  blessed  Fergal  and  the  men 
of  Brefn^.     All  this  is  evidently  the 
dnmsy  attempt  of  a  dansman  to  ob- 
tain  for  his  chieftain  the  glory  of 
having  been  on  the  victorions  side  in 
**the  battle  of  Brian." 
The  bombastic  narrative  that  fol- 


lows  (eh.  xcL  and  xcii.)  is  also  a  pal- 
pable  forgery,  and  does  not  occur  in 
the  MS.  B.  It  contains  an  account  of 
the  «rms  and  armonr,  first  of  the 
Danes,  and  then  of  the  Dal-Cais ;  bnt 
the  description  is  evidently  unauthen- 
tic  It  makes  no  mention  of  the  na- 
ţional battle-axe  in  speaking  of  the 
offensive  armonr  of  the  Danes,  bat 
attribntes  to  the  Dal-Cais  the  posses- 
sion  of  **  glaring,  bright,  broad,  well- 
set  Lo(Akmn  axeâJ* 

1  Agaimt  him,    Bnmt  NJall,  yoI.  ii., 
p.  833. 

*  Broâir,  He  b  here  x^lfed  Earl 
of  Gair  Ebroc,  or  Tork,  and  **  chief - 
tain  of  the  Danars."^  His  mother*s 
son,  Ck>nmael,  cannot  have  been  the 
same  as  Ospak,  mentioned  in  the 
Saga  as  Brodir*s  brother,  because 
Ospak  had  gone  over  to  Brian^s  side 
from  the  beginning.  Conmael,  when 
mentioned  before  (see  p.  163),  was 
simply  called  "  the  faero."  The  name 
is  Celtic ;  but  no  notice  of  him  occors 
in  the  Iriah  Annali. 


dxxiT 


nffTBODUCnON. 


name),  with  Conmael,  "his  mother's  son,"  Sigurd,  earl 
of  the  Orkneys,  and  other  chieftains  of  inferior  note.*  A 
second  battalion  was  fonned  as  a  kind  of  rear-guard  in 
support  of  the  foreign  Danes.  This  was  composed  of 
the  Danes  of  Dublin,  under  the  command  of  Dubhgall, 
son  of  Amlaf  ;^  Gilla-Ciarain,  son  of  Glun-iarainn,  son  of 
Amlaf,  or  Olaf  Cuaran  ;  Donchadh,  grandson  of  Erulbh ;' 
and  Amlaf  or  Olaf  Lagmnnd,  son  of  GoffiuitL  There 
were  also  in  conunand  of  subdivisions  of  this  second 
battalion  Ottir  Dubh  (or  the  black),  Grisin  (or  Grifin), 
Lummin,  and  Snadgair,  four  petty  kings  of  the  foreigners, 
and  chieftains  of  ships;  with  "  the  nobles  of  the  foreigners 
of  Ireland"  The  third  battalion,  formed  of  the  Leinster 
men  and  Ui  Cennselaîgh,  was  stationed  behind  the  Dublin 
Danes.  They  were  commanded  by  Maelmordha,  Eing  of 
Leinster,  and  other  chieftains  of  that  province.* 


^  Infaiornote,  P.165.  Theseare— 
1.  Plaît,  *Hbe  bravestknight  of  allthe 
foreigners.'^  See  p.  153.  2.  Anrath, 
or  Anrad,  son  of  Elbric.  Elbric  is 
bere  called  "  son  of  tbe  King  of  Loch- 
lann;"  altbougb  wben  be  was  men- 
tioned  before,  p.  153,  be  is  said  to 
have  been  one  of  tbe  sons  of  tbe  King 
of  France.  3.  Carlos  was  also  (p. 
153}  said  to  bave  been  a  son  of  tbe 
King  of  France.  Here  bis  name  only 
occurs.  Tbese  discrepancies  sbow 
tbat  we  can  put  no  great  confidence  in 
tbese  lists  of  cbieftains.  4.  Torbenn, 
tbe  black,  5.  Sanin.  6.  Suanin. 
7.  **Tbe  nobles  of  tbe  foreigners  of 
western  Europe,  from  Locblann  west- 
wards," 

*  Amlaf,  Tbis  Amlaf  or  Olaf  was 
tbe  son  of  Sitric,  King  of  Dublin. 
He  was  slain  in  an  incursion  of  the 
foreigners  into  Muniter,  in  wbicb  Cork 
was  bumed  (^Four  Jf.,  A.D.  1012). 
Dubbgall  was,  tberefore,  Sitric's  grand- 
son. 

9Donokadhf  ^randâon  of  Erulbh, 


Tbese  cbieftains  are  called  în  the  text 
(p.  166)  tbe  four  "gtoior  primeet  of 
the  foreigners.**  Tbewordr^^kfomibia, 
translated  '*crown  prince,"  aignifiea 
not  neoessarily  the  next  heu:  to  a  throne 
or  chiefuincy,  but  one  who  wmBeUgtbte^ 
and  might  legally  be  elected.  Th« 
famUy  of  Ob-Eruabb  (Heriolfr)  waa 
of  Danish  origin,  and  was  seated  in 
the  neigbbourhood  of  Kildare.  Amlaf, 
or  OUif,  Lagmund  was  the  son  of 
Goffraith  (King  of  the  Hebrides  and 
Isle  of  Man,  son  of  Harold,  son  of 
Sitric  of  Limerick).  TMs  Goffraith 
was  slain  in  Dalaradia,  A.D.  989. 
Tighemach;  An»,  VU,;  Bruty  Tyw^, 
970,  981;  iififi.  Cambr,,  982,  987. 

*  Pronince,  Tbe  cbieftains  named 
are — 1.  Boetan,  son  of  Dunlang,  King 
of  Western  Leinster.  2.  Dunlang,  son 
of  Tuatbal,  King  of  UBey.  His  f  ather, 
Tuatbal,  was  the  son  of  the  Ugaire 
who  was  slain  by  the  Danes  at  tbe 
battle  of  Cenn  Fnait,  in  916,  (see  p. 
35,  and  p.  Ixzxiz.,  note  '),  and  who 
wAfl  thtsoa  of  AiliU  (aUiB  M9),  ton  of 


INTBODUCrnON. 


clxxv 


Then  follows  (chap.  xcv.)  a  description  of  the  disposition  DwpoMtion 
of  Brian's  army.*     In  the  van,  and  immediately  opposed  l^my^* 
to  the  foreign  auxiliaries  of  the  enemy,  were  the  brave 
Dal-Caîs  and  the  Clann  Luighdech,^  iinder  the  command 
of  Murchadh,  Brian's  eldest  son,  on  whom  a  bombastic 


Diioboig(8Um867}.  Tnathalwasthe 
aooestor  of  the  familia  of  O'Tuathail 
or  OToole;  of  Ui  MniieadhAigh ;  Ui 
ICaîI ;  and  Feara  CaalainxL  8.  Bro- 
garbhan,  King  of  Ui  Failghe  or  Offaley. 
Soop.  clziii,  n.  1.  4.  Domhxiall,  son  of 
Fergal.  He  waa  dueftain  of  the  For- 
tnatha  Laighen,  and  descended  from 
Finnchadh,  son  of  Garchn,  chieftain 
of  the  Hi  GaiTchon,  who  resisted  St. 
Patridc  For  the  situation  of  the 
Fortnatha  Laighen  ("  foreign  tribes  of 
Leinsteî^)  in  the  county  of  WickloWi 
see  B.  ofJtigktt,  p.  207,  noU. 

1  Arm^,  There  ia  oongiderable  dis- 
crei>anc}r  between  this  acconnt  and 
that  of  the  Njal  Saga,  which  makes 
no  mention  of  Murchadh.  We  are 
there  told  that  Brodir,  and  Sitrygg  of 
Dnblm,  oommanded  the  wings,  and 
Earl  Signrd  the  centre  of  the  Danish 
ariny.  In  the  Irish  anny  Ulf  Hroda, 
tianalated  in  Bnmt  Njal,  *' Wolf  the 
qnarrelflome,**  oommanded  the  wing 
oppoeed  to  Brodir,  Ospak  the  other 
wing  opposed  to  Sitrygg,  and  Ker- 
thialfad  the  centre.  Brodir  felled  all 
befoie  him,  bnt  althongh  *'  no  steel 
woold  bite  on  his  mail,*'  Ulf  Hroda 
thrast  at  him  so  hard  that  Brodir  fell 
befoie  him,  and  having  reco^ered  his 
feet  with  great  dSfficulty,  fled  into  the 
neighboniingirood,  where  he  watched 
bis  opportnnity,  and  issued  forth  to 
slay  Brian.  Kerthialfad  fonght  his 
way  to  EaxI  Signrd  in  the  enemy*s 
centre,  and  dew  the  man  who  bore 
the  EarVs  charmed  banner;  another 
standaid-bearer  took  his  place,  and  he 
too  waa  slain ;  Signrd  caUed  to  others 
ţt  take  the  basner,  bat  all  ref osed, 


feariog  the  prophecy,  that  irhoever 
bore  it  shonld  fall.  Then  Earl  Signrd 
tore  the  magic  banner  from  the  staff, 
and  put  it  nnder  his  cloak.  This  broke 
the  speli,  and  '^  the  Earl  was  pierced 
throughwith  a  spear.**  Ospak,  on  the 
other  wing  of  Brian*s  army,  met  with 
a  stern  resistance,  and  lest  his  two 
Bons ;  but  at  length  Sitrygg  fled  be- 
fore  him.     BwrrU  Njalf  ii,  p.  334,  sq. 

According  to  the  Irish  account, 
Sitrygg  took  no  part  in  the  battle,  but 
remained  to  keep  the  f  ortress  of  Dublin. 
No  mention  is  made  of  Ospak,  and  it 
is  not  easy  to  indentify  either  Ulf 
Hroda,  or  Kerthialfad,  with  any  of 
the  chieftains  on  Brian*s  side,  known 
in  Irish  history.  The  Njal  Saga  says 
that  Ulf  Hroda  was  Brian's  brother, 
and  that  Kerthialfad  was  Brian's  f oster 
child: — **  He  was  the  son  of  King  Kylfi, 
who  had  many  wars  with  King  Brian, 
and  fled  away  out  of  the  laud  before 
him,  and  became  a  hermit;  but  when 
ELing  Brian  went  south  on  a  pil- 
grimage,  then  he  met  King  Kylfl, 
and  then  they  were  atoned,  and  King 
Brian  took  his  son  Kerthialfad  to  him, 
and  loyed  him  more  tban  his  own  son. 
He  was  then  fuU  grown  when  these 
things  happened,  and  was  the  boldest 
of  all  men."  Bumt  Njal^  ii.,  p.  323. 
It  has  been  suggested  that  King  Kylfi 
may  have  been  the  O'Kelly  who  led 
the  forces  of  Hy  Many  in  Brian's 
army;  but  the  Irish  records  contain 
nothing  to  support  this  conjecture. 

B  Clann  Luiffhdech.  Race  of  Lugh- 
aidh  Menn,  King  of  Thomond;  a 
branch  of  the  Dai  Caia.  3u  Otntal, 
Tabk  III.,  No.  6,  p.  247. 


clxxvi 


INTRODtJCTiON. 


panegyric  is  pronounced  (p.  J  67).  In  the  inferior  com- 
mands  of  this  battalion,  were  Torrdelbhach,  son  of  Mur- 
chadh  (who  was  at  this  time  but  fifteen  years  of  age),  and 
several  other  chieftains;*  with  "the  men  of  bravery  and 
valour  of  the  Dal-Cais." 

A  second  battalion,  formed  of  the  troops  of  Munster, 
was  stationed  in  the  rear  of  the  Dal-Cais,  under  the  com- 
mand  of  Mothla,  son  of  Domhnall,  son  of  Faelan,'  King 
of  the  Deise,  or  Decies,  of  the  county  of  Waterford,  with 
Magnus,  son  of  Anmchadh,  King  of  Ui  Liathain.' 

A  third  battalion  was  composed  of  the  men  of  Con- 
naught  (eh.  xcvi,  p.  169),  under  the  command  of  Mael- 
ruanaidh*  Ua-h-Eidhin,  and  other  inferior  chieftains,^ 
"with  the  nobles  of  all  Connaught" 


1  Ckieftaint.  Those  named  are — 
1.  Conaing,  son  of  Brian*s  brotber, 
Donncnan,  lord  of  Ormond  (slain  948, 
Four  M.)  Conaing  is  styled  "  one  of 
the  three  xnen  most  valued  by  Brian 
thatwerethen  in  Ireland/'  tbe  other 
two  being  apparently  Murchadh  and 
Torrdelbadi.  2.  Niall  Ui  Ciiinn  or 
O'Quin.  Aongus  Cennatinn  (son  of 
Cas  Mac  Tail),  was  ancestor  of  the 
Ui  Cuinn  or  O'Quin  of  the  Mninntir 
I£Femain,  originally  seated  at  Inchi- 
quin  and  Corofin  (Coradh-Fine),  in 
Thomond,  the  present  county  of  Clare. 
— See  Topogr,  Poema,  p.  Ixxix.  (711); 
F<mr  M.y  p.  774,  n.  \  3.  Eochaidh, 
son  of  Dunadach,  chief  of  the  Clann- 
Scannlain  (Fotir  Jf.)  in  Ui  Fidhgente 
(county  of  Liraerick).  4.  Cuduiligh, 
son  of  Cennetigh,  (probably  Gennetigb 
son  of  Brian's  brotber  Donncuan). 
These  three  are  said  to  have  been 
"the  three  life  guards"  or  '^rear 
guards,''  of  Brian.  5.  Domhnall,  son 
of  Diannaid,  King  of  Corcabbaiscinn, 
in  the  county  of  Clare,  ancestor  of  the 
Muinntir  Domhnaill  or  O'DonnelIs  of 
Clare/  (07/«wttrifi,  Topogr,  PoenHy 
p.  111.) 


*  Fadaau  This  Faelan  was  son  of 
Cormac,  and  died  964.  The  family 
of  CFaelaiUf  descended  from  him,  are 
now  Phelan,  and  some  of  them  Whelan. 

'  Ui  Liathain,  Now  the  barony  of 
Banymore,  county  of  Cork. 

*  Maelruanaidk,  pronounced  Mul- 
rooney.  This  chief  tain  was  the  fint  who 
could  have  borne  the  patronymic  of  Ua 
h-£idhin  (now  O'Heyne),  as  he  was  tbe 
son  of  Flann,  and  grandson  of  Eidhin, 
from  whom  came  the  tribe  name.  His 
father  8  siitter,  Mor,  was  Brian^s  fint 
wife.  Ue  is  called  by  the  Four  M., 
Maeiruanaidh  na  Paidrt,  "  Hulroonej 
of  the  Pater  noster/*  from  which  we 
may  infer  that  he  had  a  character  for 
piety.  See  his  genealogy  in  Dr. 
O'Donovan's  Tribes  and  CntUmu  of 
Ily  Fiadirachy  p.  398.  He  was  at 
this  tbne  chieftain  of  the  Hy-Fiach- 
rach  Aidhne,  in  the  S.  of  the  county 
of  Galway. 

^Chiefiamt,  These  were— 1.  Tadhg 
Ua  CclUigh  or  O'Kelly, "  King"  of  Hy 
Many.  (See O^Donovan,  Tribe$,4C'tOf 
Hy  Many,  p.  99,  Four  Âf.,  1013,  n., 
p.  774.)  2.  Maeiruanaidh,  son  of 
Muirghins,   **  King  '*  of  the  Muinnter 


iNTKoDucrrioîf. 


clxxvil 


The  two  paragraphs  which  follow  in  chap.  xcvi.  are  not  interpoia- 
found  in  the  O'Clery  MS.  The  first  contains  a  statement  pXtaMS* 
that  Brian's  ten  stewards  (Mor-maer)  were  drawn  up  with 
the  foreign  auxiliaries  (probably  the  Danes  of  Munster)  on 
one  side  of  the  army,  and  that  Fergal  O'Buaire,  with  the  Ui 
Briuin,^  and  the  Conmaiene^  were  ordered  to  the  left  wing 
of  the  army.  The  other  informa  us  that  Malachy,  King 
of  Tara,  with  the  men  of  Meath,  refused  to  taie  the 
station  assigned  him  in  consequence  of  his  traitorous 
understanding  with. the  enemy.  We  have  ab-eady  seen 
that  there  is  good  reason  to  suspect  the  truth  of  these 
statements  about  the  treachery  of  Malachy  and  the  pre- 
sence  of  Fergal  O'Bnairc  in  the  battle. 

The  Dal-Cais,  it  wiU  be  remembered,  were  placed  in  Posîtion  of 

Hurchadh. 


Madrnânaidli.  The  title  of  king  is  not 
given  to  him  in  the  MS.  B,  and  he  is  not 
mentioned  at  all  by  the  Fonr  M.  8. 
Domhnall  O'Concennainn  (now  0*Con- 
cannon)f  chief  of  the  Ui  Diarmada  or 
Coica-Mogha,  whose  territoiy  is  now 
the  panah  of  Kilkerrin,  barony  of  Tia- 
quin,  co.  of  Galway.  He  is  omitted  in 
B,  and  hy  the  Four  M.  4.  Ualgarg 
Mac  Cerin  (which  namewould  be  now 
Ulrick  Mac  Kerrin),  chieftain  of  the 
Cianmidhe  Locha-na-nairnf^dh,  barony 
of  Costello,  coonty  of  Ma^ro.  In  the 
Annals  of  Loch  C^  we  read :  *^  Brian, 
however,  had  not  assembled  anyarmy 
or  mnltitude  against  this  immense 
host  of  the  western  world  and  GaiU, 
except  the  men  of  Munster  only,  and 
Malachy  with  the  men  of  Meath,  for 
there  came  not  to  him  the  province  of 
Uladh,  nor  the  Airgialla,  nor  the 
Cinel-Eogliain,  nor  the  Cinei  Conaill, 
nor  the  Conachta  (ezcept  the  Hy 
Mâine,  and  the  Hy  Fiachrach,  and  the 
Cinei  Aedha).  For  there  waa  not  a 
good  understanding  then  between 
Brian  and  Tadhg-an>eich-giil,  son  of 
Cathal,  son  of  Conchobhar,  King  of 
Connanght ;  ao  that  on  thia  acconnt 


Tadhg  refused  to  go  with  Brian  to 
thisbattleof  Cluain-Tarbh.**  Neyer- 
theless,  according  to  our  author  (see 
chap.  Ixxxviii.,  p.  155}  Tadhg-an- 
eich-gillf  King  of  Connaught,  is  men- 
tioned as  one  of  those  who  sat  in 
council  with  Brian  on  the  night  before 
the  battle.  (See  p.  155.)  Wedonot, 
however,  find  any  place  assigned  to 
King  Tadhg  among  the  chieftains  in 
command  of  the  batulion  of  Con- 
naught  enumera ted, chap  xcvi.,  p.  169. 
Possibly  the  misunderstanding  may 
have  arisen  at  this  very  council,  and 
Tadhg  of  the  Whîte  Steed,  with  his  fol- 
lowers,  may  have  retumed  to  his  home 
in  disgust,  the  night  before  the  battle. 

1  Iljf  Brium.  These  were  the  de- 
scendants  of  Brian,  son  of  Nial  of  the 
Nine  Hostages ;  they  were  called  Hy 
Briuin  Breif  ni,  or  Hy  Briuin  of  Breif  nă, 
to  distinguish  them  from  other  tribes 
of  the  same  name  and  descent.  They 
were  settled  at  this  time  in  the  coun- 
ties  of  Leitrim  and  Ca  van. 

*  Coimaicne.  These  were  the  Con- 
maicne  of  Moy  Rein,  seated  in  the 
present  county  of  Longford,  and  south 
of  Leitrim. 


dzxviii 


IKTBODUCnON. 


the  van  of  the  army,  under  the  command  of  Murchadh, 
Brian'seldestson.  AnotheraccountofMurchadh'spositioii 
is  given  (eh.  xcviL)  on  the  authority^  of  "some  of  the  histo- 
rians  of  Munster,"  who  said  that  his  troops  were  ''mixed 
with  the  battalion  of  Desmuinha,"  or  Desmond,  together 
with  his  company  or  body-guard,  composed  of  «eeven 
score  sons  of  kings,'  that  were  in  attendance  on  him." 
The  obscure  story  that  follows  is  hardly  worth  notice ;  it 
speaks  of  a  rash  attempt  on  the  part  of  Murchadh,  to 
attack  the  foreigners  opposed  to  him,  with  the  help  of 
the  troops  of  Desmond  only.  The  story  runs,  that  Brian, 
observing  thiş  movement,  sent  Domhnall,  son  of  Emhin,' 
to  remonstrate  against  it,  and  a  somewhat  angry  con- 
versation  took  place,  which  possibly  may  indicate  the 
existence  of  jealousy^  or  disunion  among  the  leaders  of 
Brian's  army.  The  result,  however,  was  that  ''the  nobles 
of  all  Desmond*  were  killed  there,  because  they  endea- 


1  AuUhority,  The  MS.  B  has  merdy 

"Othen  say  that  Muchadh  was 

placed  before  the  battalion  of  Des- 
mond," withont  mentioning  historians, 
OT  Stnchaidhe. 

>  Bona  ofKinga,  These  are  called 
aînraâţ  a  urord  which  has  been  trans- 
lated  "volunteera"  (p.  169).  They 
aie  represented  as  having  placed  them- 
Belyes  under  Morchadh,  as  heir  ap- 
paient  of  the  throne,  after  [«.«.,  after 
thedeathof]AedhO*Neill.  Theword 
signifies  totditry,  from  omaţ"}  a  sol- 
dierj  which,  as  Dr.  O'Brien  in  his  Irish 
Dict.  suggests,  was  probably  cognate 
withamiac/iM;  (See  Du  Cange,  in  voc) 

s  DomhnaU,  son  of  Emkin.  He  was 
Jlor-fiMor,  Thane,  Steward,  or  Chief- 
tain  of  the  Eoghanachts  of  Magh-Grerr- 
ginn,  or  Marr,  in  Scotland.  He  was 
descended  from  Mâine  Leamhna,  son  of 
Conall  Corc,  of  the  race  of  OilioU 
Olum  (see  OeiieaL  Table$,  IY.,p.  248), 
who  was  also  Brian's  ancestor.  See  a 
cnriovs  accoimt  of  thia  family  fiom 


which  the  English  royal  family  of 
Stewart  or  Stuart  was  descended,  in 
OTUherty,  0^^.,  p.  882,  sq.  Mâine 
Leamhna  had  that  name  from  the 
river  Leamhain,  and  his  family  were 
thence  called  Leamhnacha  or  Lennox. 
See  note  0,  p.  dviii,  tupra, 

<  Jeahuay.    See  p.  171,  note  u. 

<  Of  all  Desmond,  This  most  be 
taken  with  some  qualification,  for  wo 
shall  see  (chap.  cxx.,  p.  213)  that  after 
the  battle  the  snryiving  chi^tains  of 
Desmond  were  strong  enoogh  to  revolt 
against  the  DaUCais,  and  threaten  a 
battle,  from  which  their  own  dissen- 
sions  alone  withheld  them.  Herv  they 
are  represented  as  zealons  followers  of 
Mnrchadh.  Chap.  xcviii.  has  been 
omitted  by  O'Clery,  and  is  an  evident 
interi>olation.  It  describes  the  arrival 
of  Donlang  O'Hartigan,  who  aooonnts 
for  his  late  coming  by  telling  Mnr- 
chadh of  his  having  been  entioed  hy 
fairies,  with  promises  of  lîfe  witho«it 
dMlh,  &c  («e  p.  173>  and  tiuit  al- 


IKTBODUCnON. 


ctxxix 


vonied  io  follow  Murchadh  io  Bnrround  the  foreigners 
and  Danes." 

On  the  eve  of  the  battle  a  challenge  to  single  combat 
had  passed  between  Plait, ''  son  of  the  King  of  Lochlainn, 
brave  champion  of  the  foreigners/*  and  Domhnall,  son  of 
Emhin,  Mor-maer  Mair  (high  steward  of  Mar.)  On  the 
following  moming,  when  the  combat  began  (chap.  c,  p. 
175),  Plait,  who  was  one  of  the  chosen  men  in  armonr, 
came  foith  between  the  hosts,  calling  aloud  for  DomhnaU. 
Domhnall  soon  appeared;  a  terrible  fight  ensued;  both 
fell  dead  at  the  same  moment;  ^'the  sword  of  each  throogh 
the  heart  of  the  other,  and  the  hair  of  each  in  the  clenched 
hand  of  the  other."  "And  the  combat  of  these  two"  (âajrs 
oTir  author)  "was  the  first  combat  of  the  battle"  (p.  177). 

The  next  chapter  (ci)  is  a  palpable  interpolation/  and 
has  been  omitted  in  O'Clery's  MS.  It  was  intended  to 
celebrate  the  prowess  of  Fergal  O'Buairc,  and  the  chief- 
tains  of  Breifii^,  in  defence  of  Brian ;  but  we  have  seen 
that  Fergal  could  not  have  been  in  this  battle,  and  that 


Sln^e 
combat 
between 
Plait  and 
Domhnall. 


The  praise 
of  Fergal 
0*Ruairc 
an  interpo- 
latlon. 


thoagh  he  had  leamed  from  the  f airies 
that  it  was  fated  for  hîm  to  die  on 
the  same  day  with  Mnrchadh,  and 
that  both  he  and  his  father  Brian, 
and  his  son  Turlogh,  were  destined  that 
day  to  fall,  nevertheless  he  (O'Har- 
tigan)  was  resolved  to  keep  his  word, 
and  came  to  the  battle  and  to  certain 
death;  it  was  then  arranged  that 
0*Hartigan  should  undertake  to  com- 
bat Brodar  the  Viking,  and  Coma- 
bliteoc,  and  Maelmordha,  and  the 
Leînstermen.  For  further  informa- 
tion  on  the  Legend  of  Dunlang  0*Har- 
ţigan,  see  Mr.  O'Kearney's  Introd.  to 
the  Feit  Tight  Chonain  (Ossianic  Soc), 
p.  98,  9q>  The  cnrious  account  of  the 
battle  of  Clontarf,  there  quoted  by 
Mr.  O'Keamey,  speaks  of  Dnnlang 
O'Hartigan  as  being  himself  a  fairy 
(dogmdke).  Ibid.,  p.lOl.  SeeO'FU- 
her^,  Ogjfg*j  p.  200. 


1  IrUerpohiion,  This  chapter  givea 
an  account  of  the  supposed  combat 
between  Dunnall  or  Dnnlang,  son  of 
Toathal,  King  of  Liph^  or  Lif^,  with 
1,000  foUowers,  and  Fergal  O'Ruairc, 
or  O'Rourke,  Domhnall  Mac  Raghal- 
lach  (or  Reilly),  and  Gilla-na-naomh, 
son  of  Domhnall  OTerghaa,  with  the 
nobles  of  the  Ui  Brinin  and  Conmaicnei 
The  King  of  Liphe  and  his  troops  were 
on  the  side  of  the  Danes,  the  other  three 
heroes  were  on  the  side  of  Brian.  Both 
parties  suffered  severely,  only  one  hun. 
dred  of  the  Ui  Briuin  and  Conmaicne, 
with  theîr  chieftain,  survived  the  bat- 
tle, and  Dunlang  Mac  Tuathail  was 
beheaded  by  Mac  an  Trin,  captain  of 
Fergal  0*Ruairc's  household,  who  is 
not  elsewhere  mentioned.  But  this  ia 
all  liction,  and  evidently  a  compara- 
tiyely  modem  addition  to  the  original 
narratiTe. 


clxxx 


iKTftODUCTION. 


Conflict  of 
the  Dal- 
Cais. 


Kîng 


if  he  was,  he  would  have  been,  most  probably,  on  the  cthei* 
side.* 

Then  we  have  an  extravagant  and  bombastic  description 
of  the  conflict  between  the  Dal-Ca|s  and  the  Danes  (chap. 
cil.,  p.  179),  which  contains  no  fact  of  interest,  except  that 
the  battie  was  visible  firom  the  fortifîcations  of  Dublin, 
and  was  watched  with  interest  from  the  battlements  by 
the  garrison  and  their  women  (p.  181). 

There  follows  a  description  of  the  same  battie  attributed 

description  ^  King  Malachy  (eh.  dii.),  as  it  was  seen  by  him  from  a 

of  the        distance.    He  is  represented  as  having  been  requested  by 

his  tribe,  the  Clan  Colmain,  to  give  them  an  account  of 

what  he  had  seen.     The  narrative  is  of  course  highly 

favourable  to  the  valonr  and  prowess  of  the  Dal-Cais, 

bnt  is  full  of  intolerable  bombast,  and  was  evidently  in- 

tended  to  insinuate  that  both  Malachy  and  his  followers 

had  kept  themselves  aloof  from  the  battie,^  in  consequence 

of  their  supposed  treacherous  understanding  with  the 

enemy. 

Combat  of      The  combat  of  Dunlang  O'Hartigan  with  Comabliteoc 

^^^°8    is  the  next  remarkable  event  recorded  (chap.  civ.)     The 

biiteoc       foreign  chiefbain  is  represented  as  having  led  one  hundred 

and  fifty  of  his  followers  to  attack  Dunlang,  who  by  his 

single  arm  vanquished  them  all,  at  least,  all  of  them,  to 

use  the  language  of  the  text  (p.  185),  "who  waited  to  be 

wounded  and  beaten;"  in  other  words,  all  who  did  not 

run  away.     Comabliteoc  is  said  to  have  been  transfixed 

by  Dunlang's  spear,  the  rough  point  of  which  "  passed 

throiigh  him,  both  body  and  body  armour,"  but  it  is  not 

said  that  he  was  slain.     Âll  this,  however,  has  been 

omitted  in   0*Clery*s    manuscript;    and  bears  internai 

evidence  of  fiction,  especially  if  it  should  turn  out  that 


1  Oihtr  tide.  See  chap.  Izxziy., 
p.  147,  and  p.  dxiy.,  tupra, 

>  BatUe,  Thb  pretended  narratiTe 
of  the  ex-king  of  Ireland,  taken  avow- 
edly  from  the  preaent  work,  has  been 


adopted  by  Keating  in  his  history. 
The  copy  of  it  given  in  Ma  D,  ex- 
hibits  8ome  varioas  readmga,  and  will 
be  foand  in  Appendix  C,  with  a  tnuia- 
lation. 


INTRODUCTION. 


clxxxi 


Comabliteoc  is  not  the  name  of  a  chieftain,  but  of  a 
district  of  ComwalL 

But  both  MSS.  record  the  single  combat  of  Conaing,  ComUt  of 
Brian's  nephew,  who  is  here  called  King  of  Desmumha,  and  aSwl- 
or  Desmond,  with  Maelmordha,  King  of  Leinster  (chap.  mordluL 
ev.,  p.  185).    Afber  a  great  number  of  chieftaîns  of  in- 
ferior rank  had  fallen  before  they  themselves  met,  they 
both  (as  our  text  says)  "  fell  by  each  other."* 

Then  the  foreigners  of  Ath-cliath,  or  Dublin,  and  the  Conflict  of 
men  of  Connaught  attacked  each  other,  with  considerable  ^gnes  and 
loss  on  both  sides.     Of  the  Connaughtmen,  one  hundred  ™®^  o' 
only  escaped ;  of  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  but  twenty.    The  naught. 
Danes  were  pursued  to  Dubhgall's  bridge,^  in  Dublin, 
and  wei*e  there  cut  to  pieces.    The  last  on  the  side  of  the 
Danes  who  was  there  slain  was  "  Arnaill  Scot;"^  he  was 


1  Fell  hy  each  other.  The  annala  of 
Loch  C^  teii  U8  that  Conaing  was  in 
the  tent  with  Brian  when  the  furions 
Brodar,  flTÎng  from  the  battle,  entered, 
and  beheaded  fint  Brian  and  then 
Conaing. 

^DubhgaWs  bridge.  Itis called  "the 
bridge  of  Ath-cliath,  ».e.,  Dubhgall's 
bridge,"  in  the  HS.  6  (see  p.  251). 
It  was,  therefore,  at  that  time  the  only 
bridge  acroes  the  river  at  Dublin,  and 
wasprobably  called  Drocheat  DuhhgoâU^ 
or  Dnbhgall's  bridge,  either  (as  some 
think)  because  it  connected  the  Danish 
qnarter,  now  Oxmantown,  with  their 
fortress  and  posaessions  sontli  of  the 
riyer,  or  more  probably  becanse  it 
was  built  by  some  Dubhgall  or  Dane, 
whose  name  has  not  been  preserved. 
The  exact  site  of  this  bridge  is  nn- 
certain.  It  may  have  crossed  the 
river  at  the  old  ford,  called  Ath  Cro, 
or  bloody  ford,  or  perhaps  it  occu- 
pied  the  site  of  what  was  long  called 
the  Old  Bridge,  at  the  end  of  the 
present  Bridgefoot-street  This  much, 
however,  is  certain,  that  the  Irish  name 
here  giyen  it  favoius  the  opinion  that 


it  was  the  bridge  of  some  individual 

Dane,  or  person  called  Dubhgall,  not 

**  Bridge  of  the  Danes,**  which  would 

be  Droicheat  na  nDuhhgoUy    as  Hr. 

Gilbert  has  well  observed. — Bistory 

of  Dubliny  i.,  p.  820.    In  later  times, 

however,  this   bridge  was  certainlj 

called  pons  Ostmatmorum,  which  waa, 

no  doubt,  intended  as  a  translation  of 

Dubhgall*s  bridge.    See  the  valuable 

paper  by  Chas.  Haliday,  eeq.,  '*  On  the 

ancient  name  of    Dublin,*'  p.   446. 

Transaci.JiogalIrithAcad.,  voi.  xxii., 

part  ii    Dubhgall  is  the  source  of  the 

family  names  still  common — ^Dowell, 

MacDowell,  MacDougall,  Doyle,  Du- 

gald,    &c.    There  was   a  Dubhgall, 

grandson  of  Sitric,  King  of  Dublin; 

see  pp.  166,   207,  and  p.  clxxxv., 

note*. 

•  Arnaill  ScoL  This  cnrions  par- 
ticular is  here  mentioned  in  the  Dublin 
MS.  only,  but  his  death  is  recorded 
in  B,  under  the  name  of  Emal  Scot, 
eh.  cxvii.,  p.  207.  Nothing  is  known 
of  him,  unless  he  was  the  same  as 
Amljot,  EarlSigurd'sScottish  steward. 
Bumt  Nj'alj  ii ,  p.  13. 


dxyriî 


INTRODTTCfrtON. 


Panctcvric 
<»n  Mur- 


kîlled  by  *'  the  honsehold  troopB"  of  Tadhg  Ua  Oellaigh, 
or  O'Kelly,  King  of  fly  Many. 

There  follows  (chap.  cvL,  p.  187)  a  very  inflated 
panegyric  upon  Murchadh,  Brian's  eldest  son,  who  îs  de- 
scribed  as  .wielding  at  the  same  time  two  swords,  one  în 
his  right,  and  the  other  in  his  left  hand.  He  îs  com- 
pared  to  Hector,  son  of  Priam,  to  Samson  in  Jewîsh 
history,  and  to  Hercules,  as  well  as  to  Lugh  or  Lughaidh 
Lamhfada,^  [i.6.,  Lugh  of  the  Long  hand],  King  of  the 
Tuatha  de  Danann,  a  famous  hero  in  Irish  legends. 
Nevertheless  the  great  degeneracy  of  the  human  race  since 
Hector's  time  îs  fully  admitted,'  and  accoimted  for  by 
the  consideration  that  the  worid  was  in  its  infancy,  unfit 
for  action,  before  Hector,  and  was  "  a  palsied  drivelling 
dotard"  after  Murchadh ;  therefore  there  could  be  no 
illustrious  championship  before  Hector,  nor  ever  shall  be 
after  Murchadh. 


i  Lugk  or  Luffhaidh  Latnhfada.  He 
flonrished,  according  to  O'Flaherty's 
chronology,  A.M.  2764,  Ogyg.j  iii.,  c. 
18,  p.  177.  His  valour  and  exploit» 
are  a  favouritc  subject  with  the  Iriah 

barda. 

«  Admitted.  A  curious  acale  or  mea- 
sure  of  thîa  degeneracy  is  given  on  the 
authorityof  the  "Senchaidhi,"orHM«)- 
rians,  of  the  GaedhU,  p.  1 87.  Hector  was 
a  match  for  seven  like  Lugh  Lamfhada, 
who  was  equal  to  seven  like  Conall  Cer- 
nach,  who  was  equal  to  seven  like  Lugh 
Lagha,  who  was  equal  to  seven  like 
Mac  Samhain,  who  was  equal  to  seven 
like  Murchadh ;  so  that  Hector  was  a 
match  for  16,807  such  heroes  as  Mur- 
chadh with  all  his  valour.  Conall 
Cemach  was  chiefteîn  of  the  heroes  of 
the  Red  Branch,  and  is  f  abled  to  have 
been  present  in  Jerusalem  at  our 
Lord*8  crucifixion.  See  his  pedigree, 
Batae  of  Magh  Raih,  note  «,  p.  328; 
OTlaherty,  Offyg.,  iii.,  c  48,  p.  283. 
Lugh  or  Lughaidh  Lagha,  brother  of 
Oilioll  Olum,  King  of  Munster  in  the 


third  century,  is  much  celebrated  in 
Irish  romantic  history  for  his  valour. 
Mac  Samhain  was  a  famous  Fenian 
Champion,  in  the  service  of  Finn  Mac 
Cnmhaill,  the  Fingal  of  Macpherson. 
It  may  be  here  mentioned  that  the 
ancierU  order  of  Fenians  were  a  body 
of  miliţia,  whose  object  was  the  snp* 
port  of  the  monarchy  and  the  main- 
tenance  of  law  and  order.  See  a 
fuU  account  of  them  in  Keating 
(Reign  of  Cormac  Ulf ada),  CMcJum^'s 
Trânti,  p.  343.  Their  history  ia 
largely  interpolated  with  fiction  and 
the  marvellous.  There  is  a  oopioua 
literature  in  tlie  Irish  language,  con« 
sisting  principally  of  romantic  tales, 
recordiog  the  deeds  of  Fenian  heroee, 
some  of  which  have  beeu  publiahed  by 
the  Ossianic  Society  of  Dublin.  See 
Trana.  of  that  Society  for  1855,  con- 
taining  *^the  Pursuit  of  Diannaid 
and  Graine,"  with  Mr.  Standiah  H. 
0*Grady*8  introduction,  where  a  valu- 
able  account  of  the  extant  Fenian  lite- 
rature ia  givea. 


IM'KUDUCTION. 


dyTTUl 


The  narrabive  now  describes  the  exploite  of  this  great  ms 
chieftam  (chap.  cvii.)  Murchadh  perceived  that  the  mail-  ^^^batu^ 
dad  phalanx  of  the  foreigners  was  gaining  upon  the  Dal- 
Cais.  He  waa  seized  with  a  terrible  fury;  ''a  bird  of 
valour*  and  championship  arose  within  him,  and  fluttered 
over  his  head,  and  on  his  breath."  He  rushed  npon  the 
Danish  battalion,  and  foroed  his  way  through  them  (p. 
189).  It  wafi  admitted  by  his  enemies?  that  he  cut  down 
fifty  men  with  each  hand,  and  never  repeated  a  blow  ;  a 
single  cut  from  one  of  his  swords  snfdced  to  slay  his  ad- 
versary, — neither  shield  nor  coat  of  mail  was  able  to  resist 
ihese  blows,  or  protect  the  body,  skuU,  or  bones  of  the 
foe  who  received  them.  Thrice  he  passed  thus  through 
the  thick  of  the  Danes,  followed  by  the  Clann  Luighdech, 
or  sons  of  Lughaidh'  (i.e.,  the  troops  of  Desmond),  and  the 
seven  score  sons  of  kings^  that  were  in  his  household. 

The  battle,  as  seen  from  the  walls  of  Dublin,  was  corn-  The  battle 
pared^  to  a  party  of  reapers  eutting  a  field  of  oata    It  was  STwaSS'of 
observed  by  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  from  the  battle-  l>nbiiiu 
ments,  but  he  attributed  the  slaughter  to  the  prowess  of  his 
allies.     "  Well  do  the  foreigners  reap  the  field,"  said  he  to 
his  wife,  who,  it  wiU  be  remembered,  was  Brian's  daugh- 


>  A  Hrd  qfvalour,  This  seema  like 
a  descriptîon  of  the  Scandinavian 
Beneckr,  A  parallel  pasaage  ocean 
in  the  BattU  of  Magh  Raih,  edited  for 
the  Iiish  Archsol.  Society  hy  Dr. 
O'Donofvan,  Dablin,  1842,  p.  33. 
Congal  Claen,  the  hero  of  the  tale, 
**  stood  up,  aasumea  his  bravery,  his 
heroic  fury  rose,  and  Am  bird  ofvaUmr 
flattered  orer  him,  and  he  distingnished 
DOt  friend  from  foe  at  that  time,  &c." 
See  the  account  of  the  raven  banner 
of  Ingnar  and  Ubba,  qnoted  above, 
jv  !▼!.,  n.  *.  Earl  Sigurd  had  also 
a  rayen  banner  in  the  battle  of  Clon^ 
tarf,  woven  for  him  by  his  mother 
with  magical  skiU.  Bumt  Njal,  yoL 
L,  IfUirod.j  p.  cxc,  note. 

^Snemies,  Namely,  **  the  historiaos 


of  the  foreigners  and  of  the  Laighin," 
or  men  of  Leinster,  as  our  author  says 
(p.  189).  He  hâda  little  before(p. 
187)  spoken  of  "the  historians  of  the 
GaedhiL*'  There  were  therefore  al- 
ready  historians  of  the  battle  on  both 
sides.  But  we  have  seen  that  we 
cannot  infer  from  this  the  lapse  of  any 
very  great  length  of  time  since  the 
battle.     See  above,  p.  cx.,  note  *. 

^Luffhaidh,  See  Geneal.  Table  IV., 
No.  6. 

^  8ona  qf  kingt.  See  chap.  xcviL, 
p.  169. 

<  Compared.  This  compariton  is 
attributed  to  '*the  old  men  of  Ath- 
cliath,''inO'Cleiy*sMS.  SeeAppend. 
C,  p.  255. 


clxxxîv 


INTRODUCTION. 


Total  rottt 
of  the 
Danes. 


Death  of 


ter;  "many  a  sheaf  do  they  cast  from  them."  "The 
result  will  be  seen,"  said  she,  "  at  the  end  of  the  day." 

And  so  it  proved.  At  the  end  of  the  day  the  Danes 
and  their  allies  of  Leinster  were  routed  with  a  terrible 
slaughter  (chap.  cviiL)  They  were  unable  to  take  shelter 
in  Dublin,  for  their  retreat  was  cut  off  *  between  the  field 
of  battle  and  Dubhgairs  bridge,  and  they  were  forced 
into  the  sea.  There  they  found  that  the  reeeding  tide' 
had  carried  their  ships  out  of  theu*  reach,  aod  many 
perished  by  drowning. 

But  the  loss  was  great  on  both  sides.  Torrdelbhach  (or 
Turiough.  Turlough),  Murchadh's  young  son,  followed  the  enemy 
into  the  sea  (chap.  cix.) ;  there  a  "  rushing  tide  wave" 
struck  him,  and  he  fell  with  great  force  against  the  weir* 
of  Clontarf,  where  he  perished  along  with  two,  or  accord- 
ing  to  another  reading,  three,  of  the  foreigners,  whom  he 
held  in  his  grasp  until  they  were  drowned. 

The  flight  of  the  Danes  to  their  ships  was  seen  by 
Sitric  and  his  wife  from  the  battlements  of  Dublin,  and 
another  conversation  between  them  is  recorded.  "  It 
seems  to  me,"  said  Brian's  daughter,  in  bitter  irony,  "  that 
the  foreigners  have  gained  their  patrimony."  "What 
meanest  thou,  woman  ?"  said  her  husband.  "  Are  they 
not  rushing  into  the  sea,"  she  replied,  "  which  is  their 
natural  inheritance  ?  I  wonder  are  they  in  heat  like 
cattle  ;  if  so,  they  tarry  not  to  be  milked  V  Sitric,  losing 
temper  at  this  coarse  insult,  gave  her  a  blow,  which,  says 
the  O'Clery  MS.,  knocked  out  one  of  her  teeth  (p.  193). 
Such  (according  to  our  author)  was  the  refinement  of 
Danish  court  manners  at  that  time  in  Dublin. 


Dialogae 
between 
Sitric  and 
his  wife. 


1  Cut  off,  Oiir  author  does  not  say 
how  their  retreat  was  cut  ofiF;  it  is 
probable  that  Malachy  and  his  Meath 
men  were  posted  here,  for  it  was  here 
he  met  the  remnant  of  the  army  of 
Leinster  after  the  battle,  and  opposed 
their  retreat,  with  great  slaughter, 
from  the  river  Tolka  to  Dublin.  See 
Four  M. 


'  Tide,  See  above,  pp.  xxvi., 
xxvii 

s  The  foeir,  Hence  this  battle  is 
commonlycalled  Caih  Coradh  Cbuma- 
tarbh,  "The  battle  of  the  Welr  of 
Clontarf.**  This  ancient  salmon  weir 
is  supposed  to  have  been  at  the  present 
Ballybough  bridge,  on  the  road  from 
Dublin  to  Clontarf, 


INTRODUCnON. 


clxxxv 


Meanwhile  Murchadh  having  passed  through  and  Murchadh 
broken  the  raaks  of  the  enemy,  perceived  Sigurd,*  son  of  gj^^'"* 
Hlodver,  Earl  of  Orkney,  in  the  midst  of  the  Dal-Cais, 
dealing  out  wounds  and  slaughter  on  all  sides ;  "  no  edged 
weapon  harmed  him ;'  there  was  no  strength  that  yielded 
not,  no  thickness  that  became  not  thin"  before  him  (p. 
195).  Murchadh  rushed  upon  him,  and  with  a  blow  of 
his  right  hand  sword,  cut  the  £siâtenings  of  the  earl's 
hebnet,  which  fell  back,  and  thus  exposing  his  neck, 
Murchadh  with  his  lefb  hand  sword  dealt  him  a  second 
well-aimed  blow,  and  Sigurd  fell  dead  upon  the  field. 

Next  follows  the  aocount  of  a  single  combat  (chap.  Singie 
cxiL)  between  Murchadh  and  the  son  of  Ebric,  or  Elbric,*  between 
here  called  "son  of  the  King  of  Lochlann,"  who  had Murchadh^ 
rushed  into  the  centre  of  the  Dal-Cais,  making  a  breach,  son. 
which  was  "  opened  for  him  wherever  he  went."     Mur- 
chadh seeing  this,  turned  upon  the  mail-clad  battalion, 
and  killing  fifbeen  on  his  right  and  fifbeen  on  his  leit,  cut 
his  way  to  the  son  of  Elbric.     A  bombastic  description  of 
the  fight  then  follows,  in  which  we  are  told  that  Mur- 
chadh's  sword  having  become  red  hot,  the  hilt  or  handle* 
inlaid  with  silver  melted,  and  so  wounded  his  hand  that  he 


^SigmnL  Hia  mother  waa  JSdna^ 
danghter  of  GearbhaU,  or  Canoll,  aon 
of  Dnngal,  lord  of  Oaaory,  and  king 
of  Dublin.  SoripU.  HkU  Island,  iîL 
Tab.  1.  He  had  been  a  Christian,  for 
Olaf  Tryggreson  **  allowed  him  to 
ranaom  hia  life  by  letting  htmself  be 
baptized,  adopting  the  tme  faith,  be- 
ooming  hia  man,  and  introdudng 
Chriatianity  into  the  Orkney  ialanda." 
After  Olaf s  death,  however,  Sigord 
abandoned  his  fealty,  and,  probably, 
alao  hia  Chriatianity.  Laing,  Kmg»  of 
NorwMjft  ii.,  p.  131. 

*  Barmed  him.  The  text  attributeB 
tlua  inTulnerability  to  Murchadh ;  bat 
it  ooght  rather  be  Vinderatood  as  be- 
loQging  to  Sigurd,  as  in  O'Clery^a 
MS.  See  App.  C,  p.  258.  It  ia  a 
manifot   alluaion   to  the   effect   of 


Sigurd's  channed  banner,  aa  described 
in  the  Njal-Saga. 

*  ERnic  See  note  *,  p.  195,  whero 
it  ia  suggested  that  thia  hero'a  name 
may  have  been  AnroUL  It  ia  so  under- 
stood  by  the  compilers  of  the  Dublin 
Annab  of  Iniafallen.  Ebric  or  El- 
bric is  probably  intended  for  the  Scan- 
dinavian  name  Eric  In  B,  it  ia 
written  Elbric  and  Ebrie. 

*  HancUe.  This  improbable  story 
is  thus  amplified  by  one  of  the  latest 
historians  of  Ireland :  **  Sometimes  aa 
their  right  banda  swelled  with  the 
aword-hilts,  well  known  warriors  might 
be  seen  falling  back  to  bathe  them  in  a 
neighbouringspring,  and  then  rushing 
again  into  the  melee.'*  Popular  Ilist. 
of  Ireland,  by  Thos.  DA.  M*Gee  (New 
York,  1864),  voi.  L,  p.  99. 

n 


olxxxvi 


INTBODXJCmON. 


Brian*8 
devotions 
inhis  tent. 


wafi  forced  to  cast  the  sword  away ;  ihen  seizing  the  fbr- 
eigner  by  the  helmet,  he  drew  his  coat  of  chain  armour 
off  him,  and  dragged  him  to  the  groiind«  MuTchadh  being 
uppermost  possessed  himself  of  the  foreign  chieftain's 
Bword,  and  stabbed  him  through  the  breast  three  times ;  but 
notwithstanding  this,  the  son  of  Elbric  had  time  to  draw 
his  knife,  with  which  he  gave  Murchadh  a  deadly  wound, 
80  that  "  the  whole  of  his  entrails  were  cut  out,  and  fell 
to  the  ground  before  him."  The  Irish  hero,  however,  had 
strength  enough  left  to  ctit  off  his  enem^s  head ;  nor  did 
he  die  until  sunrise  the  following  moming,  when  he  re- 
ceived  '*  absolution,  and  communion,  and  penanoe/'  and 
lived  "  nntil  he  had  received  the  Body  of  Christ,  and  had 
made  his  wiU'*  (p.  197). 

Meanwhile  Brian,  who  had  not  himself  entered  the 
battle  as  a  combatant,^  was  engaged  in  prayer^  and  de- 
Yotional  exercises,  at  some  distance  from  the  contending 
armies.  He  had  recited  fifty  psalms,  fifby  prayers,  or 
collects,  and  fîfty  pater-nosters,  when  he  desired  his 
attendant,  Latean,  or  Laidin,'  to  look  out  and  teii  him  the 


1  CombaUmt,  The  Dnblin  Annala 
of  Inisfallen  represent  Brian  as  having 
commenced  the  battle  in  peraoiiţ  af ter 
having  gone  through  the  army, 
crncifiz  in  hand,  exhorting  his  men, 
and  setting  before  them  the  great  in- 
terests  that  vrere  at  stake.  This 
chronide,  however,  is  of  no  authority. 
It  was  compiled  (from  ancient  sources, 
no  doubt)f  by  John  Conry  and  Dr. 
0*Brien,  titular  bishop  of  Cloyne,  and  its 
compilers  were  eminent  Irish  scholars. 
Its  value  is  dlminished  by  the  fact 
that  they  both  belonged  to  a  school 
which  f  requently  permitted  themselyes 
to  be  carried  away  from  their  author- 
ities  by  zeal  for  some  favourite  hypo- 
thesis.  Nevertheless  these  Annals  are 
valuable  as  showing  the  interpretation 
put  upon  difficnlt  passages  of  the 
authentic  chronides  by  such  eminent 
Irish  Bcholart  as  Conry  and  0*Brien. 


'  Prajfer.  This  agreea  with  wfaai 
is  said  in  the  Njal-Saga,  that  '*  Brian 
wouid  not  fight  on  a  fast  day,  and  so 
a  shield-bnrg  [«.0.,  a  ring  of  men  hold* 
ing  their  shields  locked  together]  waa 
thrown  round*him,  and  his  host  waa 
drawn  away  in  front  of  It.**  BmiU 
Njal,  u.,  p.  334.  When  the  roiita 
began,  some  of  these  men  were  tcmpted 
to  join  in  the  pnrsuit ;  the  shield>bni]g 
was  weakened ;  Brodir  perceivhig  thiti 
easily  broke  through  and  alew  tha 
king.    /^p.d87. 

•  Latean^  cr  Laidm,  The  O'Clery 
MS.  B,  calls  him  Brian*s  horw'itoff^ 
(SiUaaâicpeifi).  Thefamilyisnow 
dispersed,  and  have  generally  taken 
the  name  of  Ladden.  But  the  aUn- 
sion  to  the  family  in  the  text  ia  an 
evident  interpolation.  See  above,  pp. 
zziv.,  xxT.  The  Njal-Sags  makea 
no  mention  of  Lateao,  bat  taUs  va 


IKTRODUCriON. 


cizxzvii 


general   n^pearanoe  of  ihe  battle,  and   especially  the 
position  of  Murchadh's  standard     Latean  reported  that  Reporta 
the  strife  was  close  and  vigorous,  with  a  cociused  noise,  bjm  oUha 
as  if  seven  battalions  were  cutting  down  Tomar's  wood/  b*ttle. 
but  tliat  Si urchadh's  standard  was  floating  aloft,  and  many 
of  the  banners  of  the  Dal-Cais  around  it,  and  many  heads 
fidling  wherever  it  went. 

Then  Brian  said  fifby  more  psahns,  and  made  the  same 
inquiries.  This  time  the  answer  was  that  all  was  con- 
fusion ;  multitudes  on  both  sides  had  fidlen ;  no  man 
coold  teii  on  which  side  the  advantage  lay  ;  all  were  so 
besmeared  with  blood  and  dust  that  no  father  could  know 
his  own  son.  But  Murchadh's  standard  still  stood  and 
moved  through  the  battalions  westward,  that  is  to  say, 
towards  Dublin.  **  As  long  as  that  standard  remains 
erect,"  said  Brian,  "it  shall  go  weU  with  the  men  of 
Erinn." 

When  he  had  repeated  the  last  fifty  psalms  of  the  MnrchAdh's 
psalter,  and  said  his  fifty  collects  and  his  fifty  pater- 
nosters,  he  asked  the  attendant  to  look  oat  once  more. 
Latean  replied, ''  They  appear  as  if  Tomar's  wood  was  on 


falL 


that  «*Uie  Iad  Takt*'  [U,,  Tadhg, 
Brian's  Mm]  was  with  him  when 
Biodir  nishfid  npon  the  aged  king. 
Takt  tbiew  np  his  aim  to  defend 
hii  father,  and  the  stroke  of  Brodir'B 
Bwoid  or  hattle-axe  cut  off  Takt*8 
arm  and  the  king'e  head;  **but  ihe 
king^aUood**  (adda  the  8a«a)  "came 
on  the  lad's  stiunp,  and  the  stump  was 
healed  hj  it  on  the  spot'*  Ama 
Njaiy  iL,  p.  887.  The  Annals  of  Loch 
C^  teii  os  that  Ck>naing,  Brian's 
nephew,  was  with  him  in  the  tent,  and 
was  beheaded  along  with  him.  This 
is  eridenoe  that  the  name  of  Latean 
was  not  in  the  original  narratiye. 
Ksither  the  Fonr  M.  nor  the  Ann. 
of  Ulster  mention  the  tont  or  the 


particolan   here   given    of    Brian*s 
mnrder. 

i  romor's  Wood,  This  was  a  wood 
which  seems  to  liave  extended  from 
the  pUun  of  Clontaif  along  the  north 
side  of  the  river  Li£fey  to  near  Dublin. 
Whether  it  extended  to  the  south  side 
of  the  rirer  at  this  time  is  nncertain. 
But  ancientlj  the  ronnd  hill,  or  Drom, 
on  which  the  Castle  of  Dublin  and 
Christ  Church  Gathedrsl  are  built, 
was  called  Drom-ckoU-ooiU,  "  Hill  of 
the  hazel  wood ;"  and  recent  excava* 
tions  in  the  streets  of  the  neighbour- 
hood  haye  shown  nndoubted  eridence 
of  the  existence  of  an  ancient  hazel 
wood  on  the  hilL  See  Haliday,  Om 
(As  ÂneimU  Name  qfDuUmt  p.  441. 

n2 


clzxxviii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Brian 
raf  oaes  to 


fire,  its  underwood^  and  brushwood  destroyed,  and  its 
stately  trees  only  remaining.  So  in  the  contending  armies 
the  private  soldiers  are  cut  down ;  a  few  of  the  chieftains 
and  gallant  heroes  only  are  left;  Murchadh's  standard 
has  fallen."  "  Alas  !"  said  Brian,  "  Erinn  has  now  fallen 
with  it ;  why  shonld  I  wish  to  survive  such  losses,  even 
though  I  shonld  obtain  the  sovereignty  of  the  world  î"  The 
attendant  now  reeommended  an  immediate  fiight  to  the 
security  of  the  câmp;  but  Brian  refiised  to  move.  "Re- 
treat,"  he  said,  "becomes  us  not.  And  wherever  I  go,  I 
know  that  I  shaU  not  escape  death,  for  Aibhill,  of  Craig 
liath,^  appeared  to  me  last  night,  and  revealed  to  me  that 
I  shonld  be  killed  this  day,  and  that  the  first  of  my  sons' 
I  shonld  see  this  day  (and  that  was  Donnchadh)  shonld 
Hiigifts  to  succeed  me  in  the  sovereignty."  Then  Brian  gave  direc- 
the  dergj.  tions  about  his  will  and  his  Aineral ;  he  left  240  cows  to 
the  successor  of  Patriek,  or  abbot  of  Armagh;  to  his  own 
cathedral  of  Eillaloe,  and  the  other  chnrches  of  Munster, 
their  "proper  dues,"  adding,  Donnchaxih  knows  that  I 
have  not  wealth  of  gold  or  silver,  therefore  let  him  pay 
them  as  an  adequate  retum  ''for  my  blessing"^  (meaning 


1  Iti  underwood,  From  this  place 
(p.  199}  to  the  end  of  the  work  the 
MS.  D  ie  defectlTe,  and  the  oon- 
doaioii  of  the  namtive  u  snpplied 
from  0*CleT7*8  oopy  B. 

*  AibhiU  of  Crcig  LUOk,  more  cor- 
lectly  Aibiim.  This  was  the  banshee 
\hen-tidhe]  or  boding  female  spirit  of 
the  Dal-Cais,  who  appeared  before  the 
chieftaiii*8  death  to  wam  him  of  his 
approaching  fate.  See  aboye,  p.  cxL, 
note  '.  If  Brian  was  not  a  believer  in 
this  sapeistition,  the  historian  who 
has  recoxded  the  stoiy  oertainlj  was. 

*  FirH  ofmff  ton».  The  annals  of 
Loch  C^  teii  ns  that  when  Brian  re- 
odred  the  prediction  he  sent  for  Mor- 
chadh,  his  eldest  son.  Morchadh 
waited  to  pat  on  his  dreas ;  meantime 


Donnchadh,  without  widting  to  dresa, 
went  at  once  to  his  father's  odl,  and 
thus  the  prophecy  was  fnlfiUed  in  him 
to  Brian*8  great  discontent,  who  re- 
ceived  both  his  sons  in  wnth,  and 
dismissed  them  his  presence.  The 
narratÎTe  in  the  text  is  eridentlj 
written  or  tampered  with  hj  a  parti- 
zan of  Donnchadh.  This  is  at  least 
evidence  of  its  antiqnity,  for  it  was 
probablj  so  interpolated  when  Donn- 
chadh's  daim  was  donbtfnl,  and  cer- 
tahilj  before  1064,  when  Donnchadh 
died. 

*  My  bloumg,  The  original  is  mo 
bhonnaekttan  ocut  mo  ckomarbuâ — liC 
"  for  my  blessing  and  mj  saccession,'* 
Le.,  their  blessing  of  me,  and  for 
Donnchadh's  snocessioii  to  me. 


INTBODUCTION. 


dxxxix 


fo7  their  blessmg  upon  me)  "and  for  his  own  coming  to  the 
ihrone  in  succes&don  to  me."  He  even  prescribed  the  route  Directions 
to  be  observed  hy  the  procesaon  in  his  fimeral ;  first  to  J^^** 
Sord  or  Swords,  near  Dublin;  then  to  Daimhliag  of  Ciaran, 
now  Duleek,  in  thâ  county  of  Meath;  then  to  Lughmagh 
or  Louth,  where  he  requested  the  "  successor  of  Patrick/'^ 
with  the  Socîety  or  Clergy  of  Armagh,  to  meet  his  remains.' 

Latean,  during  this  conversation,  perceived  a  party  of  Brodar 
foreigners  approaching.  It  proved  to  be  Brodar,  with  two  b^JJJ^ 
other  waniors.  Latean  described  them  to  his  maşter  as 
"blue  stark-naked  people."  By  this  description  the  aged 
chieftain'  recognized  them  at  once  as  the  foreigners  who 
were  in  coats  of  maiL  He  immediately  stood  up  £rom 
the  cushion  on  which  he  had  been  praying,  and  un- 
sheathed  his  sword.  Brodar  would  have  passed  him 
without  notice  had  not  one  of  his  companions,  who  had 
once  been  in  Brian's  service,  cried  out  that  this  was  the 
king.  "No,"  said  Brodar,  perceiving  that  Brian  had 
been  at  prayer,  "that  is  a  priest."  "Not  so/'  said  the 
other;  ''this  is  the  great  King  Brian."  Brodar  then 
tumed  roiind,  having  "  a  bright  gleaming  battle-axe  in 
his  hand."  Brian  made  a  blow  with  his  sword  which 
"cut  off  Brodar's  left  leg  at  the  knee,  and  his  right  leg 
at  the  foot."  The  savage  Viking,  however,  had  time, 
before  he  fell,  to   deave  Brian's  head  with  his  axe, 


^  Pairiek.  The  eomharba  or  **  sac- 
eenor  of  Patrick"  at  this  time  was 
Maehmiire,  sonof  Eochaidh,  of  the  Race 
of  Colla  da  Crioch,  and  of  the  tribe  of 
Ua  Sionaigh,  from  which  were  taken 
the  bishop-abbots  of  Armagh  for  many 
generations  in  hereditarj  sncoession. 
He  dîed  on  the  Friday  before  Whitaun- 
Thj,  8  Jone,  1020,  and  was  sncceeded 
b3r  his  son  Amhalgaidh,  1020-1050, 
and  then  hy  another  son  Dubhdaleithe, 
1050.1065.  This  Amhalgaidh  was 
the  fiist  prelate  of  Armagh  who  exer- 
ciaed  Jnrisdiction  oyer  Mnnster,  acting 


most  probably  on  the  anthority  of  the 
entry  made  hy  Brian's  chaplain  in  the 
Book  of  Aimagh  dnring  his  father's 
incumbency. 

•  JZ«naifM.    See  pp.  202,  203. 

'  Aged  ehi^ftain,  Aocording  to 
the  Four  M.,  Brian  was  bom  in  925, 
and  was,  therefore,  at  this  time  89 
years  of  age.  The  Ulster  annals  fix 
the  more  probable  date  of  941  as  the 
year  of  his  birth,  which  wonld  make 
himonljTSinlOU.  See  Dr.  0*Dono- 
van'i  note  ^  Four  M.,  p.  772. 


ctc 


JKTBODUCnON. 


Pftnegyric 

npon 

Brian* 


«ad  Brian  to  cat  down  oue  of  the  companions^  of 

Then  follows  (chap.  cxv.)  a  panegyric  upon  Brian,  iu  the 

style  to  which  the  reader  of  this  work  hsa,  hy  thifi  time, 

become  accustomed.    No  such  deed  'had  been  done  in 

Irelaud  since  the  beheading  of  Cormac  Mac  Cuilennain.' 

Brian  was  one  of  the  three  bom  in  Ireland  who  had  moat 

successfully  promoted  the  prosperity*  of  the  country,  for 

he  had  delivered  Ireland  fix>ni  the  bondage  and  iniquity 

of  the  foreigners,  and  had  defeated  them  in  twenty- 

seven  battlea.    He  is  compared  to  Angustus,  to  Alexander 

the  Great,  to  Solomon,  to  David,  and  to  Moses  (p.  205). 

ProphedM      Having  cited  some  prophedes  attributed  to  St.  Berchan 

PM^tiM*^  and  to  Bec  Mac  De,  predicting  evils  that  should  foUow 

firom         on  Brian's  death,  which  (it  need  scarcely  be  said)  are 

dw£'      childiâh  forgeries,  our  author  proceeds  to  enumerate  the 

principal  chiefbains  Blşin  on  both  sides,  whose  names^  are 

given  in  detail 

Afier  the  battle  the  Munster  clans,  having  ooUected 


Betamof 
Hnrchadh 


1  Companioni,  AU  this  looks  very 
like  românce,  and  îb  far  lesa  piobable 
than  the  aooonnt  of  Brian's  deatii 
given  in  the  NJal-Saga.  There  firodir 
or  Brodai  is  represented  as  knowing 
who  Brian  was,  and  where  he  was. 
Be  broke  through  the  guards,  and 
"hewed  at  the  King.**  He  then  cried 
ont  aloud : — **  Kow  let  man  teii  man 
that  Bxodir  felled  Brian."  Brodirwas 
•nrrounded  and  taken  alive ;  bat,  what 
followB  seems  somewhat  apociyphal, 
"  Wolf  the  quarrelsome  cnt  open  his 
belly  and  led  him  round  and  round  the 
tronk  ol  a  tree,  and  so  wonnd  all  his 
entiails  ont  of  him,  and  he  did  not  die 
bef ore  they  were  all  drawn  ont  of  him. 
Bn>dir*8  men  were  all  slain  to  a  man.** 
BunU  Njal,  ii.,  837. 
'  >  Cormac  mac  CuUamain,  He  was 
King  of  Mnnster  and  Bishopof  CasheL 
Slain  903.  See  the  history  of  hb  reign 
în  Keating  (J/Mahonj/'t  TVchwA,  p. 


519),  Moore*8  Hist.  qflrdand^  roL  ii, 
p.  45,  sq, 

8  Proqterity,  The  other  two  were 
Lngh  or  Lngaidh  Tiamhfada,  and  Fin& 
Mac  Comhaill.  The  former  of  these 
heroes  (see  p.  dxxzii.)  lived  before  the 
Cliristian  era,  and  was  the  repnted 
fonnder  of  the  Tailten  (or  Telltown) 
games.  The  other  was  the  original 
leader  of  the  Fenian  miliţia,  the  Fingal 
of  Macpherson's  Ossian,  whoee  fol- 
lowen  are  there  called  Fingaliana. 

«  Whoienamet.  Seep.  207.  Onthe 
sideoftheDaneBtherefell — 1.  Brodar, 
son  of  OsU  [Flosi  ?]  eail  of  Oaer  Ebroc 
or  Tork,  "with  a  thoosand  plnndering 
Danars,  both  Saxona  and  Lochlanns." 
Tlus  is  a  cmions  ezampU  of  the  nse 
of  the  term  i>aiMiri,  to  signiljr  rob- 
bers,  roffians,  or  desperados.  The 
thoosand  Norsonen  of  the  ooats  of 
mail  are  evidently  intended.  2.  Si- 
trino  Imd  Sigwd},  omI  of  tlw  IbmI 


INTRODUCnON. 


CZCl 


iogeiher  iheir  surviving  cbieftaiBs  and  men,  encamped  on 
iho  Qreen  of  Dublin  (p.  211),  where  they  remained  for 


Orc  or  Orkney  Islanda.  3.  Of  the 
f  ordgnerB  ol  Dublin  were  slain  2,000, 
amongst  whom  are  mentioned  Dnbh- 
gali,  wm  of  Amlaff,  son  of  Sitric,  King 
of  Dablin ;  Gfllaciarain,  son  of  Glun- 
iaraan,  son  of  Olaf  Cnaran  (see  p.  165); 
Dnnchadh  Ua  h-Emlf  (grandson  of 
Heriolfr,  lee  note,  p.  dxziy.) ;  Amlaff 
the  Lagman,  son  of  Godf rej  (see  p. 
165,  and  p.  dzziv.,  n.  *,),  King  of  the 
Inşi  Gali,  or  Hebrides ;  and  Emal  Scot 
(see  p,  dxzzL,  n.  *).  4.  Of  the  other 
foieigners  are  mentibned  Oitir  the 
black,  Grisin  [?  Grifin],  Luiminin, 
aud  Siogradh,  four  leaders  of  the 
lonigners  and  chief  tains  of  ships.  5. 
Cailns  and  Ciarlns,  two  sons  of  the 
King  of  Lochlann.  6.  Goistilin  Gali, 
and  Amn"^,  son  of  Dnbhginn  [or 
Dnthoenn],  two  Kings  of  Port  Lairge 
or  Waterf  ord.  7.  Simond,  son  of  Tnr- 
gtts.  8.  Sefraid  or  GeofFrej,  son  of 
Sninin.  9.  Bemard,  son  of  Snamin. 
10.  Eoln  Banm  (John  the  Baron?), 
and  Bicard,  the  two  sons  of  the  Inghen 
Buaidh  [red  maiden,  see  p.  41].  11. 
OiaQl  and  Baghnall,  the  two  sons  of 
iTar  Olvar.  These  were  eridently 
the  Danes  of  Waterf  ord;  therefore 
onr  anthor  adds,  p.  207,  that  it  waa 
xight  they  shoold  fall  with  Brian,  be- 
canse  it  was  hy  Brian  and  his  brother 
Mahonn  the  &ther8  of  aii  these  had 

Then  foUows  a  list  of  the  Irish 
chieftains  who  fell  on  the  Danish  side. 
lliese  were— 1.  Maelmordha,  King  of 
Unster.  2.  Brogarbhan,  son  of  Con- 
cfaobhair,  King  of  Ui  Failge  or  Offaly 
(see  pu  dxiii,  n.  l).  8.  Domhnalî,  son 
of  Fergal,  King  of  Fortuatlia  Laighen. 
(See  p.  clxzT.,  n.).  4.  Dnnlang  (son 
of  Toathal),  King  of  Lif^  or  UBey. 
Ilee  p.  35,  and  note  ',  p.  Ixxxi». 
WithiheMiell  2,000  of  the  Leinstar 
meOf  aad  1|100  of  the  IH  Coinnselaighţ 


the  total  loss  of  the  enemy  being 
66,000,  which  is  no  doubt  exagger- 
ated.  Brian  lost  his  bou  Mnrdiadh 
and  his  grandson  Torrdelbach,  with 
Conaing,  his'  nephew,  son  of  his 
brother  Donncnan.  Next  to  these  are 
ennmerated  Eochaidh,  son  of  Dimadh- 
ach,  chtef  of  the  O'Scanlainn;  Ca- 
duiligh,  son  of  Cenneidigh  or  Kennedj; 
aud  Niail  O^Quin,  the  three  "rear 
guards**  or  bodj  guards  of  Brian  (see 
p.  clzxTL,  n.  1).  Domhnalî,  son  of 
Diarmaid,  Eong  of  Corcabhaisdnn 
(Ibid.  and  Four  M.,  p,  776,  n.  »); 
Mothla,  son  of  Faelan  or  Phelan, 
King  of  theDeisi  (Ibid.  and  FourM., 
p.  773,  n.  *),  with  Magnus,  son  of  Anm- 
chadh,  King  of  the  Ui  Liathain  (see 
p.  cIxxYi,  n.  *) ;  Gebennach,  son  of 
Dubhagan,  King  of  Fera-Muighe 
[Fermoy],  {F<mr  If.,  p.  774,  fi,  o); 
Dubhdabhoirenn,  son  of  Domhnalî, 
(Le.,  of  the  Domhnalî  mentioned,  p. 
213) ;  and  Loingsech,  son  of  Dunlang 
(i.e.,  of  Dunlang,  k,  of  Leinster,  No. 
4,  supra.) ;  Scannlan,  son  of  Cathal, 
King  of  the  Eoghanacht  Locha  Lein 
(or  Killamey),  Four  Jf.,  p.  775,  n,  »; 
Baedan,  son  of  Muirchertach,  King  ol 
Ciarriaghe  Luachra  (the  co.  of  Kerry). 
The  Four  M.  and  Ann.  Uit.  caii  this 
chieftain  MacBeatha,  son  of  Muireadh'' 
ach  ClaeHj  whom  Dr.  CDonoran  iden- 
tifies  with  the  ancestor  of  the  O'Connor 
Kerry.  Fowr  if.,  p.  774,  n.  p.  The 
Ann.  of  Loch  C^  have  copied  yerbatim 
the  list  of  the  Ann*  Uit.  Maeiruanaidh 
Ua  hEidhin  (or  O'Heyne),  King  of 
Aidne  (see  p.  dxxvi.,  n.  ^).  Four  if., 
p.  775,  n.  ^  Tadhg  Ua  Cellaigh 
[O'Kelly],  K.  of  Hy  Many  (p.  cbcxvL, 
n.  •,  Four  if.,  p.  774,  t».  »),  and 
Domhnalî,  son  of  Kimhin  (son  of 
Cainneach,  Mormaor  or  Steward  of 
BCar  in  Scotland,  Four  M,)  See  p« 
clxxTiii.,  n. ',  and  Fowr  M^  p.  775,  m  «, 


CXCll 


INTRODUCrriON. 


the  next  two  days*  awaiting  the  retum  of  Donnchadh, 
son  of  Brian,  who,  it  will  be  remembered,  had  been  seni 
to  plunder  Leinster  (see  p.  135).  He  retumed  "at  the 
hour  of  vespers  on  Easter  Sunday,"  with  eight  and 
twenty  oxen,  which  were  immediately  slaughtered  on  the 
Qreen  of  Dublin.  Hearing  this,  Sitric,  Kong  of  Dublin, 
sent  a  message  to  Donnchadh,  demanding  a  share  in  the 
oxen,  and  threatening,  unless  his  demand  was  complied 
with,  to  attack  the  shattered  troops  of  the  Dal-Cais  with 
his  fresh  soldiers  from  the  gamson  of  Dublin.  Donnchadh, 
however,  sent  back  a  haughty  refusal,  and  Sitric,  we  are 
told,  "declined  the  battle,  for  fear  of  Donnchadh  and  of 
the  Dal-Cais"  (p.  211). 
Care  of  the  The  next  day  (Easter  Monday)  was  spent  in  visiting 
woui^  the  field  of  battle,  for  the  purpose  of  burying  the  dead 
(p.  211)  and  succouring  the  wounded.  The  bodies  of 
thirty  chieftains  were  sent  off  to  their  territorial  churches 
to  be  interred  in  their  family  biuial  grounds  ;  and  those 
who  were  still  living,  among  the  wounded,  were  carried 
on  biers  and  litters  to  the  câmp. 
pţgMuioii  Oii  ^^^  v®^  iiîgtt,  however,  dissension  broke  out 
anumg  the  among  the  surviving  leaders  of  Brian's  army.  Observing 
Brian's  the  broken  condition  of  the  Dal-Cais,  the  chieftains  of 
Desmond  resolved  to  put  forward  their  claim  to  the  sove- 
reignty  of  Munster,  on  the  ground  of  the  alternate  right 
founded  on  the  wiU  of  Oilioll  Olum.  Cian,  son  of  the 
Maelmuaidh  or  Molloy,  who  had  taken  so  active  a  part  in 
the  murder  of  Brian's  brother  Mahoun  (see  p.  85,  sq.), 
resolved  to  contest  the  matter  before  the  Dal-Cais  had 
reached  their  home,  or  had  had  time  to  repair  their  losses. 
They  had  marched  with  the  Dal-Cais,  although  in 
separate  camps,  as  far  as  Bath  Maisten  f  there  the  two 
tribes  separated,  and   Cian  sent  messengers,  to  Donn- 


army. 


^  7V0O  dayt,  Oar  anthor  notes  (p. 
211)  that  Brian*8  foneral,  with  thatof 
bu  eon  Marchadh,  was  celebrated  in 
the  manner  he  had  dixected,  and  that 
Donnchadh  paid  in  fnll  all  tieqneets, 


as  his  f  ather  had  willed. 

*Jiath  Maisten,  Masten's  f ort  Kow 
Mullagh-Mast,  or  Mnllamast,  an 
earthen  fort,  abont  dz  mOes  east  of 
Athy,  co.  of  Kildare, 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXCIU 


chadh,  to  demand  hostages,  in  other  words,  to  claim 
ihe  sovereignty  of  Munster.  The  men  of  Desmond  he 
said,  having  submitted  to  Brian,  and  to  Brian's  brother, 
Mathgamhain,  it  was  now  the  turn  of  their  chieftain  to 
be  received  as  sovereign.  Donnchadh  replied  that  they 
had  submitted  to  his  unde  and  to  his  faâier  from  neces- 
sity,  not  in  recognition  of  any  alternate  right  to  the 
throne.  Brian  had  wrested  Munster  from  the  foreigners 
at  a  time  when  the  chiefbains  of  Desmond  had  tamely  sub- 
mitted to  their  tyranny.  Donnchadh  therefore  refused 
to  give  hostages  in  recognition  of  Cian's  daim,  and  an- 
noimced  his  intention  of  holding  the  sovereignty  by  the 
same  force  of  arms  which  had  given  it  to  his  father. 

When  this  answer  was  received,  Cian  and  his  foUowers  ciAn 
at  once  advanced  under  arms  to  give  battle  to  the  Dai-  prepar»  for 
Cais.    Donnchadh  ordered  the  sick  and  wounded  to  be 
put  into  the  fort  of  Bath  Maisten  for  protection ;  but  the 
sick  and  wounded  refused.    They  "  stuffed  their  wounds 
with  moss/*  took  up  thei^  arms,  and  insisted  upon  being 
led  into  battle.    This  example  of  determination  alarmed 
ihe  troops  of  Desmond,  and  "  they  hesitated  to  give 
batUe"  (p.  215).     But  this  was  not  aii.    Domhnall,  son  of 
Dubhdabhoirenn,  was  now  chieftain  of  the  Ui  nEochach 
of  Munster/  and  joint  leader  with  Cian,  of  the  army  of 
Desmond    A  dispute  arose  between  them.    DomhnalFs  hîs  fend 
father,  Dubhdabhou-enn  (or  Duvdavoren)  had  been  King  ^^^ 
of  Mimster.    He  therefore  claimed  his  share  of  the  terri-  Mm 
tory  which  Cian  proposed  to  wrest  from  the  son  of  Brian.  ^^^^ 
This  was  stemly  refused,  and  Domhnall  separated  his 
troops  from  those  of  Cian,  refused^  to  fight  against  the 


^  Mumgter,  See  abore,  p.  Ix.,  ».  '. 
The  Ui  Eochach  or  Ui  nEochdach  were 
the  desoenâanU  oft  Eochadh,  son  of 
Caa.  See  the  descent  of  DomhnaU,  s. 
of  Dnbhdabhoiieim ;  Oeneal  Table  IV., 
p.  248.  Donnchadh,  s.  of  this  Domh- 
nall,  waa  ancestor  of  the  Ui  Donn- 
chadha,  or  O'Dono^ne  of  Muuter. 


*  JUftued»  Domhnall  demanded 
that  Monster  should  be  eqnally  diyided 
between  himself  and  Cian.  This  hetng 
declined,  he  refused  to  snpport  Gian's 
claim.  His  words,  as  ţ^ven  by  onr 
author,  were : — "  I  shall  not  go  with 
thee  against  the  Dal-Cais,  becaose  I 
am  not  better  pleaied  to  be  nnder  thm 


CXCiV 


DITBOBXTCnON. 


Dal-Caifl  in  Cian's  quarrel,  and  firom  thiB  time  "  tihey  met 
noi*'  (says  our  author)  "  in  one  câmp  till  they  reached 
their  homes.''  Before  the  end  of  the  year,  as  we  leam 
from  the  Annals  of  Ulster,^  the  feud  had  reached  its 
climax.  The  two  chieftains  fought  a  battle,  with  great 
slaughter,  in  which  Cian,  with  his  brothera  Cathal  lUid 
Ragallach,  was  slain.  The  following  year'  Domhnall,  son 
of  Dubhdabhoii*enn,  was  himself  slain  in  a  battle  at 
limerick,  by  Donnchadh  and  Tadhg,  the  sons  of  Brian. 

The  wounded  Dalcassians  were  greatly  exhausted  after 
their  recent  excitement  in  the  prospect  of  a  bloody  fight ; 
themfsnof  but  at  Ath-I,^  on  the  Bearbha  (now  the  Barrow)  they 
^^'  washed  their  wounds  in  the  river,  and  were  refreshed 
(p.  215).  They  had  still,  however,  to  cross  the  hostîle 
territory  of  Ossory  in  order  to  reach  their  homes.  There 
Donnchadh,  son  of  Gillapatrick,  Eing  of  Ossoiy,  with  his 
allies  the  Laighsi/  were  up  in  arms,  and  encamped  in 
battle  array  on  the  plain  called  Magh  Chloinne  Ceallaigh* 
to  oppose  the  progress  of  the  Dal-Cais.  Besides  the  here- 
ditary  enmity  of  the  two  clans,  Donnchadh  had  a  private 


Oppositîon 
inadeby 


than  under  the  son  of  BrUn,  unleas 
for  the  profit  of  land  and  territory  for 
myself  "  (p.  21 5).  Neverthelesa,  Mr. 
MooT«  represents  him  as  **calmly  ex- 
postulating  with  his  brother  chieftain, 
and  sacceeding  in  withdrawing  both 
him  and  the  whole  of  their  force 
qnietly  from  the  câmp ;"  ii.,  118.  The 
Dublin  Ann.  of  InisfaUeo,  which  Mr. 
Moore  continnally  quotea  as  if  they 
were  an  ancient  authority,  would  have 
corrected  this  error.  Donnell  Mac 
DuTdavoren  had  no  nobler  motive 
than  the  aggrandizement  of  his  dan 
and  the  increase  of  hb  own  territory. 
1  Vhter.  Ann-  Uit,  1014.  The 
Fonr  Mast  have  misplaced  the  entry 
of  this  event  at  the  beginning  instead 
of  at  the  end  of  the  year,  so  that  a 
reader  might  inadvertently  snppose 
that  Cian  had  been  dain  before  the 
batâe  of  CloBtuf . 


s  Following  year.  Foor  M.,  lOU 
(=1016),  pu  783.    Ann.  Uit.,  1016. 

*Aih-L  Properly  BaHe-atha-ai, 
**Town  of  the  ford  of  the  dirtrict," 
now  Athy,  a  considerable  town  on  the 
river  Barrow,  S.  of  the  co.  of  Kildara. 
Ai  is  a  region,  district,  patrimony. 

^Laiffhti,  TheinhabitanIsofLeix, 
a  district  in  the  Queen*s  ooonty.  Thia 
tribe  was  descended  from  LaeigBedi 
Ceann  m6r,  son  of  Conall  Cemach,  a 
celebrated  hero,  who  flonrished  in  the 
first  centniy.  Ifee  Book  of  Rigittj  p. 
214,  n.  (TFlaherhfy  Og^^  iii.,  cap.  61, 
pu  293. 

*  Magh  ChhiimB  CtaBmffh.  •*  Plain 
of  the  children  of  Otellach,**  or  Kelly  i 
called  also  Magh  Dmetain,  a  district 
•inhabited  by  a  bnmeh  of  the  0*KeUy'S| 
in  the  temitory  of  Leix.    See  Fom 

if.,A.D.  1394,  note  ^.  Ttmogr^Pomm. 
p.BI.(4S«).  ^ 


INTRODUCnON. 


ezcT 


feud  wiih  the  sona  of  Brian,  because  his  &th6r,  Oilla- 
patrick,  who  had  sided  wiih  the  murderers  of  their  unde, 
Mathgamhain,  had  been  taken  prisoner'  by  Bnan,  and 
kept  in  fetters  for  a  year  (p.  217).  Knowing  this,  the 
son  of  Brian  had  his  shattered  forces  drawn  up  "in 
marţial  array"  at  Athy,  expecting  opposition ;  and  when 
the  King  of  Ossory  sent  ambassadors  to  demand  hos- 
tages,  in  other  words,  to  lay  claim  to  the  sovereignty 
of  Munster,  the  answer  given  was  that  whatever  pre- 
tence  the  chieflains  of  Desmond  may  have  had,  seeing 
they  were  of  the  Eoghanachts,  descendants  of  OiliolI 
Olum,  and  directly  conoemed  in  the  rule  of  alternate 
sovereignty,  the  8on»of  QiUapatrick,  of  Ossory,  had  none ; 
for  he  was  of  a  different  race,^  and  had  no  natural  right 
to  the  throne  of  Munster. 

The  woimded  men  hearing  this,  again  insisted  on  being  Heroie 
led  to  the  battle  with  the  rest  of  the  army ;  they  caused^J^^j^ 
themselyes  to  be  supported  by  stakes  driven  into  the  nan 
ground,  against  which  they  cotdd  lean  their  backs,  and 
in  this  condition  they  prepared  for  action.^    The  men  of 


woiindAd. 


1  Prisoner,  Seechap.  Ixvi.,  p.  107. 
QQUpatrick,  iaOier  of  this  Donn-* 
chadh,  was  son  of  another  Donnchadh, 
son  of  Ceallach,  son  of  Cearbhall,  or 
CaiToU,  the  great  allj  of  the  Danes, 
and  hîmself  Danish  King  of  Dublin. 
See  Tribci  cmd  Territaries  of  Ostory, 
by  Br.  G'Donovan  (reprinted  from 
Vrantaei.  Kiikmnp  ArduBol  80c,  for 
1860) ;  DMm,  1851,  p.  12. 

'  A  different  race.  He  was  of  the 
race  of  Heremon  of  ^inster,  whereas 
the  Dal-Cais  were  of  the  race  of  Heber. 
See  CtFIakeriy,  Ogyg.,  p.  118;  (Tlhno- 
mm,  THbe$  ofOnory^  p.  11. 

'J'orociion.  This  enthiisiastic  con- 
duct of  the  wonnded  is  made  the  sub- 
ject  of  Moore*8  well-known  words  :— 

^*  Forget  not  our  wonnded  companions 
whostood 
In  thio  dajr  of  distrefla  by  ow  aido. 


While  the  moss  of  the  yalley  grew 
red  with  their  blood,  / 
They  stirred  not,  but  conquei'd 
and  died. 
The  sun,  that  now  blesses  our  arma 
with  his  Ught, 
Saw  them   f all   npon   Osaory'a 
plain: — 
Oh!  let  him  not  blush,  when  he 
leayes  us  to-night, 
To  find  that  they  f  ell  there  in 
vain." 

Hers  the  poet  assumes  that  the  heroea 
whose  yalour  he  celebrates  leii  in 
battle  in  a  naţional  cause;  but  the 
original  story,  as  recorded  in  the  pre- 
sent  work,  is  that  their  oithusiasm 
was  called  forth,  not  in  the  cause  of 
their  conntry,  but  in  the  cause  of  their 
clan.  **Country"  was  at  that  time 
in  IreUndan  untarown  aantiimwt  \  a>4 


CXCVl  INTRODUCTION. 

Ossory,  however,  întimidated  by  thîs  wonderful  energy 
of  the  Dal-Cais,  declined  the  contest,  and  the  wounded 
men,  when  the  danger  was  past,  relapsed  into  intenAe 
weakness.  One  hundred  and  fifby  of  them  fainted  away, 
and  expîred.  They  were  buried  on  the  spot,  with  the 
exception  of  the  more  noble  among  them,  who  were 
carried  to  their  native  places,  to  be  interred  with  their 
ancestors  in  their  family  bnrial-grounds. 

"  And  thus  far*  the  war  of  the  Gaill  with  the  Gaedhil, 
and  the  battle  of  Clontarf" 
Complete-  Upon  the  death  of  Brian,  as  we  have  seen,the  troops  under 
yietory  ^^  command  dispersed,  each  clan  to  its  own  proper  ter- 
^^^^  ritory,  leaving  Makchy  to  his  own  resources.  His  energy 
in  the  emergency  refiites  triumphantly  the  base  calumny' 
that  he  was  secretly  in  the  interest  or  pay  of  the  enemy. 
To  him,  in  fact,  if  we  may  credit  the  Four  Maştera,  was 
due  the  completeness  of  the  victoiy .  The  remains  of  the 
enemy's  army,  and  particularly  of  the  men  of  Leinster, 
who  had  lost  their  sovereign,  were  met  by  him,  on  the 
evening  of  the  battle,  in  their  flight  to  Dublin.  "  He 
routed  them,"  say  the  annalists,  "by  dint  of  battling, 
bravery,  and  striking,  from  the  Tidcain'  to  Dublin."  The 
nextyear,  1015,  Malachy,  with  his  allies  of  the  Northern 
O'Neill,  led  an  army  to  Dublin  itself  against  the  Danish 
garrison.  They  "  bumed  the  fortress,  and  all  the  houses 
outside  the  fortress."  They  afterwards  invaded  the  ter- 
ritory  of  Ui  Cennselagh  (county  of  Wexford),  plundered 
the  whole  oountry,  "  carrying  off  many  thousand  capti  ves 


eren  the  anthor  of  theee  romantic  fie- 
tioiu  aboat  the  heroic  womided  of  the 
DaLCflds  conld  conceire  nothing  more 
gloriouB  than  that  they  should  duplay 
their  heroiam  in  the  caiue  of  their 
clan* 

^  Thu»/ar,  Thia  is  the  wdl  known 
f  onn  in  which  an  Iriah  hiatorical  tale 
generally  ends. 

•  Cabmm^.    See  Hr.  Moore's  EUt.  \ 


of  Trtland,  chaj^  22,  voL  ii,  p.  137, 
«g.,  where  thia  calomny  is  conclosively 
refuted.     See  ako  p.  dxxL,  n  \ 

»  TuUmn,  Four  M.,  1018,  p.  777. 
Kow  the  Tolka.  A  small  riyer  mn- 
ning  through  the  vOlage  of  Finglae, 
near  Dublin.  These  facts  are  sup- 
pressed  by  all  the  Munater  hiâ- 
toriana,  aa  well  aa  by  our  anthor. 


INTRODUCmON. 


CXCVU 


and  cattle/'^  and  thus  effectually  weakened  the  power  of 
the  Dublin  Danes  and  their  allies  of  Leinster. 

The  immediate  result*  of  the  battle  of  Clontarf  and  the  MaUchy 
death  of  Brian  wbs  to  replace  Malachy  upon  his  former  u^^hnm^ 
throne.     His  right  was  tadtly  recognised ;  he  seems  to 
have  resumed  the  govenunent  as  a  matter  of  course,^  as  if 
his  administration  had  never  been  intemipted  ;  and  it  is 
remarkable  that  the  annalist,   Tighemaxsh,  who  wrote 
within  the  same  century,  in  recording  his  death  and  the 
length  of  his  reign,  ignoi*es  altogether  the  twelve  years  of 
Brian's  usurpation,  including  them  in  the  total  which  he 
assigns  to  the  reign  of  Malachy.     Nothing,  as  Mr.  Moore 
has  remarked,  can  more  clearly  show  "  the  feeling  enter- 
tained  on  the  subject  in  times  bordering  on  those  of 
Brian."* 
But  although  the  name  of  king  was  thus  tamely  Cmutita- 
•  yielded  to  its  rightful  owner,  the  consequences  of  Brian's  chang» 
revolution  were  severely  felt.  The  old  constituţional  rule  remiting 
under  which  the  Ard-righ,  or  chief  King  of  Ireland,  had  Brian's 
been  elected  exclusively  from  the  descendants  of  Niall  of  "▼«*"*"». 
the  nine  hostages,  was  no  longer  acqidesced  in,  although  it 


1  CaUU  Fonr  M^  lOU,  p.  783 ; 
and  Ajin.  of  Clomnacnoisef  quoted  by 
Dr.  0*D<moTaii,  ibid» 

*  JBemft.  It  woald  be  out  of  place 
bere  to  attempt  any  lengthened  ac- 
coant  of  the  coneequencesţ  immediate 
orremote,  of  the  battle  of  Clontarf. 
A  good  anmmary  of  them,  and  of  the 
whole  of  thÎB  mdancholy  period  of 
Irish  hiatory,  will  be  iound  in  a  work 
already  referred  to.  M*Gee*8  Popular 
Eiaiory  of  Ireland— {New  Tor*), 
1864.    (VoL  it,  p.  101,  jg.) 

1  Of  coune.  Warner  talka  of  his 
having  been  "restored  with  the  general 
oonsent  of  the  rtaiea  qf  the  Kmgdomy** 
whatever  that  may  mean;  and  hia 
follower,  Kr.  M^Dermot,  gives  na  an 
acoount  of  a  formal  **  agşembfy  of  the 
itatei  of  the  KingdoMj  aasembled  to 


elect  a  sncceeaor,**  in  which  **they  all 
ooncnrred  in  reatoring"  Malachy. 
Warner,  EUt.  of  Jrtil,,  ii,  p.  228. 
M*Dermot,  New  and  Imparţial  HitL 
qf  IreL^  ii,  274.  For  snch  a  state- 
ment  there  is  not  the  smallest  antho- 
rity. 

*  Brian.  Moore,  ii,  p.  138.  Th« 
Annals  of  Ulster  and  the  Foor  M. 
have  foUowed  the  older  chronicle;  the 
latter  annalists  expressly  qnote  **  the 
Book  of  Clonmacnoiae,"  by  which  they 
mean  what  we  now  caii  the  Annals  of 
Tighemach.  See  0*Flaherty,  Ogffg,^ 
p.  438.  Mr.  Moore  says  that  Tigher- 
nach  "wrote  in  the  following  cen- 
tury.** By  this  error  he  impairs  hla 
own  argument,  for  Tighemach  died  in 
1088,  before  the  end  of  the  same  cen- 
tury. 


cxcvin 


INTRODUCnON. 


had  a  prescriptive  right  of  five  hundred  years.  The  Eings 
of  Connaught  and  Leinster  now  asserted  their  claims  to  the 
Buccession,  mauitaimng  that  they  Iiad  as  good  a  titJe  as 
Brian  had  to  become  chief-king  in  their  tnms ;  and  thus, 
from  the  death  of  Malachy  to  the  days  of  Strongbow,  the 
history  of  Ireland  is  little  more  than  a  history  of  the 
struggles  for  ascendancy  between  the  great  clans  or 
families  of  O'Neill,*  O'Connor,  O'Brien,  and  the  chieftaîns 
of  Leinster. 

The  Norsemen  of  Ireland  were  not  serîonsly  affected 
in  their  position  by  the  victory  of  Clontarf  They  re- 
of  Ireland,  tained  their  hold  of  the  great  seaports,  and  the  Irîsh 
ousiy^  annals,  for  some  years,  continue  to  record  the  usnal 
mfifected.  amount  of  conflict  between  them  and  the  native  tribes. 
We  read,  however,  of  but  few  new  invasions,  and  the 
design  of  forming  in  Ireland  a  Scandinavian  kingdom, 
whiâi  seems  to  have  influenced  such  tnen  as  Sigurd,  of 
Orkney,  and  the  viking  Brodar,  was  certainly  abandoned. 
The  naţional  distinction  between  the  Irish  and  the  Danes, 


Thepoâ- 
tion  of  the 
Norsemen 


1  (yNeill  In  tluB  clan  are  included 
the  deacendants  of  Malachy  II.,  who 
waa  of  the  Southern  Hj  NeilL  The 
celebrated  Dearbhforgaill,  or  Dervor- 
gall,  "  the  Helen  of  Ireland,**  was  the 
daughter  of  Murchadh  Cob.  1153),  son 
of  Domhnall  (ob.  1094),  son  of  Fknn 
(si.  1018),  son  of  Malachy.  She  waa 
the  wife  of  Tîgheman  0*RonTke,  of 
Brefn^  She  eloped  withV  or  waa  car- 
ried  ofif  by  Diarmaid,  called  Mac  Mnr- 
chadha,  în  1152,  and  was  the  cause  of 
his  calling  to  bis  aid  the  Nonnan 
Knîghts  of  Henry  II.  In  1153  she 
retumed  to  her  hosband ;  was  a  great 
benefactor  to  the  Church,  and  died  in 
the  abbey  of  Mellifont,  1193,  aged  85. 
Diarmaid  (see  pp.  iz.,  xL),  was  de- 
scended  from  Enna  Cvnnsalech  (K.  of 
Leinster  in  the  foorth  centniy),  and 
was  the  ancestor  of  theMacMnrchadha 
or  Mac  Mmroughs  of  Leinster,  whilst 


his  sons,  Domhnall,  snmamed  Caemh- 
anach  [Kayanagh],  and  Enna,  sor- 
named  from  his  great  ancestor  Cenn- 
salach  [Kinnsela],  were  the  anoestors 
respectively  of  the  families  of  Kava- 
nagh  and  Kinnsela.  The  0*B3rme8 
were  desoended  from  Bran,  son  of 
Maelmordha,  the  King  of  Leinster, 
who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf. 
These  are  the  principal  families  of 
Leinster  allnded  to  above.  The  Hac 
Lochlainn,  or  0*Lochlainn,  were  of 
the  Northern  0*Neill,  descended  from 
Domhnall,  brother  of  Niall  Glondnbh. 
Two  of  this  family,  Domhnall  Mac 
Lochlainn  (ob.  1121),  and  Mnircher- 
tach,  or  Morrogh  (1156.1 166),  daimed 
to  be  Kings  of  Ireland  in  the  oonfnsed 
times  of  the  12th  centniy,  which 
preceded  the  coming  of  the  Anglo- 
Normans.  0*Flaherty,  Cj^.,  pp.  439, 
440. 


INTRODXrCfnOK* 


cxcbt 


however,  continued  iintil  after  the  Anglo-Norman  inva- 
don;  the  Danes  tben  in  several  places  sided  with  the 
native  chieftains ;  but  in  many  înstances  they  appear  to 
have  recognised  in  the  new  comers  a  kindred  origin.  In 
the  seaport  towns  especiially  a  common  interest  produced 
alliances  by  which  the  peculiarities  of  the  two  races  were 
gradually  softened  down,  and  both  were  at  length  con- 
fonnded  by  the  Irish  under  the  same  generic  name  of 
Qaill,  or  foreigners. 

The  battle  of  Clontarf  seems  to^  have    shaken  the  Paganiam 
fonndation  of  paganism  among  the  Scandinavians  of  Ire-  J^JJ^mt  the 
land.    About   the  same  time,  indeed,  Christianity,  soinsh 
called,  or,  at  least,  a  profession  of  Christianity,  was  making  '<*"*^*^ 
considerable  progresa  in  the  north;  and  paganism  in 
Ireland  was  no  longer  strengthened  by  any  new  arrivals. 
It  may  have  been,  as  a  leamed  writer'  holds,  that  on  the 
field  of  Clontarf  the^spells  of  heathendom  were  deemed 
to  have  been  vanquished  for  ever  by  the  superior  power 
of  the  faith,  so  that  it  was  considered  hopeless  to  continue 
the  contest ;  and  it  is  certain  that  the  next  generation  saw 
Christianity  the  recognised  religion  of  the  country ;  and 
Bishoprics  were  founded  in  the  Danish  cities  of  Dublin, 
Waterford,  and  Limerick,  at  the  instance  of  the  Danish 
inhabitants  themselves.^     Most  true,  nevertheless,  it  ia 
**  that  the  pure  doctrines  of  Christianity  were  then  the 
possession  of  a  few,  while  the  creed  of  the  common  herd 
was  little  more  than  a  garbled  blending  of  the  most 
jarring  tenets  and  wildest  superstitions  of  both  fÎBdths.''' 


1  Wriim',  Dasent,  BitnU  NJal, 
l]|trod.f  p.  clxzxix.,  aq. 

■  î%imMhe$.  See  Ware's  BUkopi, 
bk  loc.  Ussher,  Befigicn  of  the  Ant. 
Jriâh;  (^Wori$  by  Elrington,  iv.,  p. 
326).  S^Uoge  EpUU,  Bib.  (i&.,  p. 
564). 

•  FaUki,  SeeAinUJVjaIpp.  cxcviil. 
One  or  two  inatancea  will  auiBce  to 
ahow  bow  King  Olaf  the  Saint  pro- 


pagated  Chriatianity.  In  the  Uplanda 
he  "  inqnired  particulari^  how  it  stood 
with  their  Chriatianity ;  iftherewera 
any  there  who  would  not  renounce  hea- 
then  wajra ;"  he  **  drove  aome  ont  of 
the  oonntiyi  mutilated  othen  of  handa 
or  f eet,  or  stnng  their  eyes  ont ;  hung 
up  Bome,  eut  down  some  with  the 
aword;  but  let  none  go  unpuniahed 
who  woold  not   serve   God.*'     See 


A 


CC 


INTRODUCnON. 


CONCLUSION. 

TheEditor*8  The  Editor  must  now  apologise  for  the  great  length  io 
thu  in^  which  these  remarks  have  extendeA  His  object  was,  88 
dnction.  fer  as  possible,  to  identify  every  place  mentioned  in  the 
present  work  by  pointing  out  its  modem  name  and  geo- 
graphical  position,  that  the  reader  might  be  enabled  to 
trace  on  the  map  of  Ireland  the  ancient  staţiona  andfort- 
resses  of  the  Norsemen,  and  the  sites  of  their  principal 
battles. 

He  has  also  endeavoured  to  give,  as  accurately  as  he 
could,  the  genealogies  of  the  Irish  chiefbains  as  well  as  of 
the  Danish  or  other  Scandinavian  leaders  who  are  men- 
tioned in  the  work.  The  corruption  of  the  names  of  the 
latter,  as  they  are  represented  by  Irish  transcribers,  waâ  a 
serious  obstacle  to  accuracy  in  this  attempt,  and  to  it  was 
added  the  further  difficulty  caused  by  the  Editor  s  im- 
perfect acquaintance  with  the  language  of  the  Sagas.  It 
is  hoped  that  his  mistakes  will  be  viewed  with  indulgence, 
when  it  is  remembered  that  this  is  the  first  attempt  ever 
made  to  harmonize  the  genealogies  of  the  north  with  Irish 
historical  records. 

It  appears  to  the  Editor  to  be  an  object  well  worth 
the  time  and  labour  he  has  expended  upon  it,  if  he  has 
succeeded  in  proving  that  the  minute  history  of  the  two 
countries  can  be  made  to  dovetail  satisfactorily  into  each 
other.    This  will  be  an  unanswerable  evidence  of  the 


Laing,  Sea  Kingt  of  Norvoay^  ii.,  p. 
79.  Again,  at  Heligoland,  *' he  threat- 
ened  eveiy  man  with  loaa  of  life,  and 
limbS)  and  property,  who  would  not 
Bubject  himself  to  Christian  law." 
IHd.,  p.  147.  In  the  Drontheim 
conntry  he  sarprised  the  people  at  a 
heathen  sacrifice ;  OWer,  in  whose 
farm  called  Egge  the  feast  was  heid, 
he  commanded  to  be  pat  to  death, 
with  "many  other  men  besides.** 
»«'The  King  also  let  all  the  bonders 


he  thoaght  had  the  greatest  part  in 
the  business  be  plundered  by  his  men 
at  arms;"  and  of  the  men  he  judged 
most  guilty,  some  he  ordered  to  be 
execnted,  some  he  maimed,  some  he 
drove  oat  of  the  coontiy,  and  took 
fines  from  others."*  lUd.^  p.  152. 
After  this  fashion  Christianity  was 
established  in  Norway  by  King  Clare 
the  Saint,  and  sach  were  the  miasîon- 
ary  serrices  to  the  Chnrch  that  won 
him  that  title. 


INTRODUCTION. 


CCI 


authenticîty  of  both ;  for  it  would  be  dearly  impossible 
that  the  author  of  a  mere  fiction,  or  of  a  dishonest  forgery, 
ahould  be  able  to  make  the  genealogy  of  his  heroes,  aa 
well  afi  the  geography  of  his  nairative,  tally  with  the 
facts  of  the  history  at  the  precise  period  to  which  his 
story  belongs.  In  the  present  instance  it  will  be  found 
thaty  except  in  the  case  of  some .  mere  errors  of  trans- 
cription,  or  of  some  palpable  interpolations,  this  work  will 
fully  stand  the  test. 

Nevertheless,  the  Editor  cannot  but  regret  that  this  l>efectt  of 
tract,  so  full  of  the  feelings  of  clanship,  and  of  the  conse-  work?**"* 
quent  partisanship  of  the  time,  disfigured  also  by  consi- 
derable  interpolations,  and  by  a  bombastic  style  in  the 
worst  taste,  shoidd  have  been  selected  as  the  first  specimen 
of  an  Irish  Chronicle  presented  to  the  public  under  the 
sanction  of  the  Maşter  of  the  Rolls.    His  own  wiah.  and  imporunce 
recommendation  to   His   Honor  was,  that  the  purely  °' P^^^" 
historical  chronicles,  such  as  the  Annals  of  Tighemach,  the  irish  An- 
Annals  of  Ulster,  or  the  Annals  of  Loch  C^,  should  have  5?b^^jj 
been  first  undertaken.    The  t wo  former  compilations,  it  is  and  uiiter. 
true,  had  been  already  printed,'  by  Dr.  O'Conor,  although 
with  bad  translations  and  wretchedly  erroneous  topogra- 
phy;  and  a  rule  which  at  that  time  existed  prohibited  the 
Maşter  of  the  Rolls  from  publishing  any  work  which  had, 
even  in  part,  been  printed  before.    This  rule  has  since  been 
judiciously  rescinded  ;*  and  it  is  hoped  that  His  Lord- 
ship  will  soon  be  induced  to  sanction  a  series  of  the 
Chronicles  of  Ireland,  especially  the  two  just  alluded 
to,  which,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say,  are  to  the  history  of 
Ireland  and  of  Scotland  what  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle 
is  to  that  of  England.    The  Annals  of  Loch  C^'  belong  to 


1  PrmietL  The  Ado.  of  Ulster  are 
sKreD  ooly  to  the  jear  1181.  The 
Dablin  MS.  extendf  to  1503.  The 
Ckrmieon  Sootonm  ia  not  here  men- 
tiooed,  becanae  it  ia  alreadj  on  the  list 
of  the  MMter  of  the  Bolia,  edited  by 
Mr.  W.  H.  Henneasy. 

*  JUaemdetL  New  editiona  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  the  Annales 
Cambria,  ud  the  Brut  y  Ţy  w^sogion, 
have  already  appeared  in  the  leriea. 


•Loch  Ce,  Or  *'AnnalaofInisMao 
nErinn  in  Loch  Cd,"  (jnrm,  Lough 
Kd.)  Theie  Annala  (of  which  oniy 
a  Btngle  MS.  existe)  were  formerly 
called  TVemocAt  eoiUinMaiio,  and  for 
a  short  time  the  Annaii  qf  KUroman. 
Bot  Mr.  O'Curry  (Lâeturei,  p.  93,  gq.^ 
has  satisfactorily  shown  tliat  they  are 
the  Annals  of  Loch  C^  mentioned  b^ 
Abp.  Nicholson  in  Appendix,  No.  lY^ 
to  his  Irish  Historical  Libnuy. 

O 


CCU  INTRODUCrnON. 

a  later  period.  They  begîn  with  the  battle  of  Clontarf, 
1014,  and  continue  the  history,  with  some  few  gaps,  to 
1590. 

Until  these  and  other  original  sources  of  history  are 
made  accessible,  it  ia  vain  to  expect  any  sober  or  trusi- 
worthy  history  of  Ireland ;  the  old  romantic  notions  of  a 
golden  age,  so  attractive  to  some  minds,  must  continue 
io  prevail ;  and  there  will  still  be  firm  believers  in  "the 
glories  of  Brian  the  brave/'  the  lady  who  walked  through 
Ireland  unmolested  in  her  gold  and  jewels,  and  the  chival- 
rous  feats  of  Finn  Mac  Cumhaill  and  his  Fenians. 
Authora  of      The  authors  of  our  existing  popular  histories  were 
Sistorieso? »'Vowedly  ignorant,  with  scarcely  an  exception,  of  the 
iieUnd      ancient  language  of  Ireland,  the  language  in  whidi  the 
I^OTmnt'of  ^^^  sources  of  Irish  history  are  written.     It  was  as  if  the 
tbe  iriah    authoTs  of  our  histories  of  Rome  had  been  all  ignorant  of 
**«r»^g6,    j^yjj^  ^^^  ^Yie  wiiters  of  our  histories  of  Greece  unaUe 
to  read  Greek.    Even  this,  however,  would  not  fully  re- 
present  the  real  state  of  the  case  as  regards  Ireland.    Livy 
and  Tacitus,  Herodotus,  and  Thucy  dides,  are  printed  books, 
and  good  translations  of  them  exist.    But  the  authorities 
of  Irish  history  are  stiU,  for  the  most  pait,  in  manuscript, 
tmpublished,  untranslated,  and  scattered  în  the  public 
libraries  of  Dublin,  Oxford,  and  London,  as  well  as  on  the 
Continent  of  Europe.    Hence  our  popular  histories  leave 
us  completely  in  the  dark,  and  often  contain  erroneous  In- 
formation.   Wherever  the  Irish  names  of  persons  or  places 
are  concemed,  they  are  at  fault ;  they  are  entirely  sUent 
on  the  genealogies,  relationships,  and  laws  of  the  dans 
and  their  chieftains,  a  subject  so  essenlial  to  the  right 
understanding  of  Irish  history ;  and  we  are  not  corredJy 
informed  either  who  the  actors  are,  or  where  the  soenea 
of  the  narrative  are  laid.     All  interest  in  the  story  is 
therefore  lost. 
Anti-  Along  with  this  total  neglect  of  the  original  Irish 

qnarian  recoids,  the  autiquariau  scholars  of  the  last  centuiy  had 
the  Ust  perplexed  themselves  with  untenable  theories  as  to  the 
^^***^»  ancient  history  of  the  country.  The  old  Celtic  language 
iraiaud.  was  a  dialect  of  the  Punic  or  Carthaginian.  The  aboriginal 
inhabitants  of  Ireland  were  a  colony  from  Ţjrre  or  from 


INTBODUCTION. 


CCIU 


hiBtories. 


Carthage.  Their  religion  was  the  worship  of  Baal  or 
Astarte.  The  Bound  Towers  were  temples  for  the  adora- 
tion  of  fire.  The  cromlechâ,  stone  circles,  and  other 
megalithic  monuments,  were  altars  or  theatres  for  the 
public  uxunolatioB  of  human  victima.  To  these  theories, 
'for  whidi  not  the  sUghtest  evidence  exists,  but  which 
have  not  yet  lost  their  hold  on  the  public  mind,  the  whole 
histoiy  of  Ireland  waa  maae  to  benA  Antiqmty  was 
ranâacked  for  argumenta  to  support  them;  and  argu- 
menta were  piled  together  from  the  remains  of  pagan 
Greece  and  Borne,  from  Persia,  from  Scandinavia,  from 
India — ^from  every  quarter  of  the  globe  except  Ireland. 

But  a  decided  change  for  the  better  has  now  begun;  Improve- 
and  our  more  recent  histories,  even  though  they  continue  m^î^t 
to  exhibit  a  strong  party  bios,  contrast  most  favourably  pppaUr 
wiih  the  similar  publications  of  the  last  century.  The 
beginning  of  this  change  ia  mainly  due  to  the  noble 
design  of  publishing  historical  Memoirs  of  the  countiea 
and  towns  of  Ireland,  planned,  and  in  a  measure  carried 
out,  by  the  enlightened  officers^  then  at  the  head  of 
the  Ordnance  Survey  of  Ireland.  The  new  feature  in 
this  work  waa,  that  it  was  resolved  from  the  beginning 
to  make  use  of  all  the  accessible  records  extant  in  the 
Irish  language.  The  original  orthography  of  the  names 
of  towns  and  townlands,  with  their  true  etymologies, 
was  carefrilly  studied,  and  the  anglicized  spelling  cor- 
rected,  according  to  the  laws  which  appeared  to  regulate 
the  passage  of  the  old  Irish  names,^  |^nto  their  present 
modem  representatives.  A  body  of  Irish  scholars  was  en- 
gaged  for  this  work,  and  for  the  coUection  of  materials  for 
the  "  Memoirs ;"  and  at  their  head  was  placed  the  late  ever  to 


1  OJpcen,  Althongh  we  speak  here 
in  the  plural  number,  it  is  well  known 
thAt  the  real  deaigner  and  organiser  of 
the  Memoirs  was  one,  whose  appoint- 
ment  to  his  preaent  office  bas  been  of 
sach  great  and  permanent  benefit  to 
Ireland.  It  is  lamentable  to  think 
that  snch  a  work,  after  the  publica- 


tion  of  a  single  Tolnme  of  the  highest 
merit,  shonld  have  been  abandoned. 

*  N<tme$,  See  a  paper  **  On  the 
changes  and  cormptions  of  Irish  topo- 
graphical  names,'*  by  Patrick  W. 
Joyce,  eaq.,  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Royal  IHsh  Academy  (read  May  22, 
1865). 


CCIV 


INTRODUCnOK. 


be  lamented  Geobge  Petrie.  A  more  judicious  selection 
could  not  have  been  made.  He  was  a  man  singalarly 
devoid  of  all  party  prejudîoe;  an  accomplished  anti- 
quary,  of  rare  judgment  and  of  ripe  scholaiiship;  charao- 
terized  in  a  remarkable  manner  by  the  Iove  of  historical 
truth.  Among  the  staff  iinder  bis  direction  were  John 
O'Donovan*  and  Eugene  O'Curry,  men  of  veiy  different 
genius  and  cbaracter,  but  who  both  became,  under  the 
advantages  thufi  aSbrded  them,  scholars  of  the  highest 
eminence. 

To  Petrie,  and  to  the  two  distingui»hed  men  just  named 
araistance  — ^jj  three  now  alas  lost  to  us — ^the  Editor  is  deeply  in- 
Editor  of  debted  for  invaluable  assistance  in  tranalating  and  editing 
the  present  work.  By  Mr.  O'Curry  the  original  MSS. 
were  transcribed  for  collation,  and  a  rough  translation  of 
the  text  prepared.  From  these  transcripts  the  Editor  care- 
fully  coUected  the  various  readings,  which  will  be  found  in 


The 


this  work 
by  bis 

V 

friends. 


1  (yDonowau  One  good  result  of 
tbe  preparations  made  for  tbe  Ord- 
nance  Surrey  Memoirs  was  the  publi- 
cation  of  tbe  Annals  of  tbe  Foar 
Hasters,  a  magnificent  work,  wbicb 
we  owe  to  the  spirit  and  patriotism  of 
our  great  Dublin  publisher,  Mr.  Greorge 
Smith.  In  tbe  copious  notes  witb 
which  Dr.  CDonovan  bas  enricbed 
Us  translation  of  these  Annals,  a  large 
portion  of  tbe  matter  coUected  bj.bim 
wben  engaged  on  the  Surve^r  bas  been 
presenred.  He  bas  also  ^blished  a 
great  mass  of  valnable  information,  of 
tbe  same  kind,  in  tbe  works  so  ably 
edited  by  bim  for  the  Irish  ArchsBO- 
logical  and  Celtic  Societies.  To  these 
publications  the  improved  tone  of  our 
modem  Irish  historians,  abore  no- 
ticed,  is  mainly  due.  Tbe  new  trans* 
lation  of  Keating*s  History  of  Ireland, 
lately  published  at  New  Tork  (Ha- 
▼erty,  1857)  by  Mr.  John  0*Mahony, 
is  largely  indebted  to  0*Donovan*s 
notes  upon  the  Four  Masteis.  Not- 
withstanding  the  extravagant  andvery 


miscbieYOus  political  opinions  avowod 
by  Mr.  0*Mahouy,  bis  translation  of 
Keating  is  a  great  improvement  upon 
tbe  ignorant  and  dishonest  one  pub> 
iisbed  by  Mr.  Dermod  O^Connor  more 
than  a  century  ago  ( FTatMiMfar, 
1726,  Fo/.},  which  bas  so  nnjustly 
lowered,  in  public  estimation,  the 
character  of  Keating  as  an  bistorian  ; 
but  0*Mahony*s  translation  bas  beea 
taken  from  a  yery  imperfect  text, 
and  has  evidently  been  ezecuted, 
as  be  bimself  conf  esses,  in  great  haste ; 
ithas,therefore,byno  meanssnpeneded 
a  new  and  scholarlike  translation  of 
Keating,  which  is  greaUy  wanted. 
Keating*s  autborittes  are  still  almost 
all  acoessible  to  us,  and  should  be  cd- 
lated  for  the  correction  of  bis  text; 
and  two  excellent  MS.  copies  of  the 
original  Irish,  by  John  Toma  0*Mul- 
conry,  a  contemporary  of  Keating,  are 
now  in  the  Libraxy  of  Trinity  College, 
Dubim.  The  work,  bowever,  is  not 
suited  for  Lord  Romilly^s  teries  of 
chronicles. 


urrBODucnoK. 


ccv 


the  notes  under  the  text ;  and  oorrected  the  translation  to 
the  best  of  his  judgment,  having  in  every  instance  the 
opinion  and  advice  of  Dr.  O'Donovan  and  Mr.  O'Cnrry 
upon  all  difficulties.  The  whole  text  of  the  work,  to  p. 
217,  with  the  translation,  was  in  this  way  gone  over  and 
printed  before  those  great  masters  of  the  andent  lan- 
guage  and  history  of  Ireland  were  called  to  their  ever- 
lastingrest. 

From  Dr.  O'Donovan  especially  the  Editor  receîved  a 
large  amount  of  information,  communicated  in  the  shape 
of  notes  upon  the  nairative.  From  these  notes  invalu- 
able  aid  was  derived  in  the  Identification  of  the  topo- 
graphical  names,  and  in  the  Irish  genealogical  researches. 

To  Dr.  Beeves  the  Editor  owes  his  most  grateful  thanks, 
for  his  kindness  in  reading,  with  his  characteristic  ac- 
curacy  and  care,  the  proof-sheets  of  the  Introduction,  and 
Grenealogical  tables  in  the  Appendix ;  and  particularly  for 
the  free  communication  of  that  extensive  topographical 
and  oiher  information,  of  which  he  is  an  inexhaustible 
fountain. 

He  is  deeply  indebted  also  to  his  exoellent  friend, 
Charles  Haliday,  esq.,  who  kindly  plami  in  his  hands 
the  materials  of  a  work  on  the  connexion  between  the 
Norsemen  of  Ireland  and  Northunxberland,  oontaining 
much  valuable  genealogical  and  historical  Information. 
By  these  papers  the  Editor's  reseaxches  were  directed 
to  the  best  sources  of  Scandinavian  history,  and  he  was 
enabled  to  test  the  accuracy  of  the  results  at  which  he 
had  himself  independently  and  previousiy  arrived. 

His  thanks  are  due  to  Mr.  W.  M.  Hennessy,  for  very 
able  asaistance  in  reading  the  sheets,  and  for  several  cor- 
rections  and  suggestions,  which  he  hopes  he  has  duly 
acknowledged  in  every  instance.'  To  Mr.  Hennessy  also 
the  reader  is  indebted  for  that  most  necessaiy  appendage 
to  every  book  of  this  kind — ^the  Index. 


1  EverymtUmee» — ^The  oorrection  of 
tlM  text  (p.  87)  where  comonp 
^'nwasare,**  wts  mÎBtaken  for  «  proper 


name  (see  p.  xdi,  ».  *),  ia  dne  to  Mr. 
Bmatmy. 


CC  VI 


INTRODUCnON. 


Facaimiles 
of  the 
Blana- 
Mriptfl. 


lithographed  faesimilea  of  the  two  principal  mann- 
Scripts  used  ia  forming  the  Irish  text  of  the  work  will  be 
seen  prefixed  to  the  title  page.    These  MSS.  have  already 
been  described ;'  but  it  should  be  stated  that  the  facsi- 
miles  of  them  have  been  executed  under  considerable 
disadvantages.      The  rules  of  the  libraiy  of  Trinity 
College,  Dublin,  did  not  permit  the  removal  of  the  ori- 
ginala to  London.    Accordingly  photographs  were  taken 
of  the  selected  specimens  by  Mr.  Mercer,  of  Dublin,  and 
sent  to  London  to  be  lithographed  by  Messrs.  Day  and  Co. 
In  the  case  of  the  older  MS.  designated  by  the  letter  L, 
the  difficulty  was  veiy  great,  owing  to  the  darkness  of 
the  porchment,  and  the  almost  entire  obUteration  of  the 
Avriting  on  the  page  selected.     It  was  desirable,  however^ 
to  give  that  page  on  account  of  its  containing  the  corn- 
mencement  of  the  work,  deficient  in  the  othcr  MS.;  and 
for  the  sake  of  the  oroamented  iniţial  letter,  which  is 
characteristic  of  this  class  of  Irish  manuscripis.    To  meet 
the  diflicultied  it  became  necesaary  to  render  the  letters 
more  distinct,  by  carefully  retracing  them,  before  sending 
the  photograph  to  the  lithographer,  and  also  to  omit  alto- 
gether  the  second  column'  of  the  page,  which  was  found 
too  dark  and  obliterated  to  be  restored  by  this  process. 
It  is,  however,  to  be  feared  that  notwithstanding  the 
great  care  and  accuracy  with  which  the  lettei-s  were  re- 
traced,  a  blurred  appearance  has  been  given  to  the  writing, 
which  does  not  do  full  justice  to  the  sharp  definitlon  and 
elegance  of  the  original  character.    The  other  MS.  (marked 
D),  is  mnch  more  accurately  represented 

The  Editor  in  conclusion  has  to  retum  his  thanks  to 
Lord  Bomilly  for  so  kindly  aUowing  him,  without  any 
pressure,  his  foii  time  to  complete  the  work.    He  ia 


1  Ikteribed.    See  pp.  iz.,  xtii. 

i  Cohmm,  It  haa  been  sUted  (p. 
ix.),  that  this  MS.  i8writt«n  io  donble 
oolamna.  The  paaMge  given,  Plate  I, 
oocDpies  abont  a  third  of  the  fint 
colnmn.    It  will  be  found  in  ordinaiy 


type,  with  a  tranalation,  in  Appendix 
A,  p.  221.  The  paasage  selected  from 
the  MS.  D,  Plate  II.,  will  be  found 
at  the  beginning  of  p,  62,  line  2, 
tq.  It  represents  a  fnll  page  of  the 
original. 


•  • 


INTRODUCnON.  CCVU 

ashamed  to  put  ou  record  the  date  at  which  it  was  first 
annouiiced  for  publication.  In  his  own  defence  he  haâ  to 
plead  the  occupation  of  his  time  by  professional  avoca- 
tions,  as  well  as  the  peculiar  difficulties  of  the  work  itself, 
'which  nothing  but  time  eould  overcome.  The  translatîon 
required  the  greatest  consideration,  owing  to  the  immenae 
number  of  Irish  words,  to  whose  true  signification  our 
dictionaries  give  no  clue.  The  labour  of  forming  a 
correct  text  by  a  careful  coUation  of  the  existing  manu- 
scripts  of  the  work  was  necessarily  irksonie  and  tedious. 
The  topographical  and  historical  matter  collected  in  the  In- 
troduetion  and  Appendices,  required  much  time  and  patient 
research,  as  every  one  who  has  ever  been  engaged  in  such 
studies,  will  readily  admit  Each  statement  had  to  be 
well  weighed,  the  authorities  checked,  and  many  para- 
graphs  written  and  rewritten  before  the  matter  was  given 
to  the  printer. 


Tbikitt  College,  Dublin, 
October,  1866. 


ccy5a*oh  ^aeDhet  Re  ^ccllcabh. 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH 

THE  GAILL, 


OR 


THE  INVASIONS  OF  IHELAND  BY  THE  DANES 

AND  NORSEMEN. 


^«w.  .* 


•b 


A./ 


co^ccoti  ^ae'otiel  ne  ^allccibh. 


The  period 
of  tbc 
Danish 
invasions, 
1 70,  or,  88 
Bome  say, 
200  yeara. 


The  kîngs 
of  Munster 
during  that 
time. 


CCI  'Docpaicre  lonsncrB  a'obal  moţi  aţi  Gfiinn 
mie  50  poiţileran,  6  ^enririC  ^oţim^lafa 
jufmapa,  ocuf  6  'oanaţiaiB  Doilge  'oufi- 
cţxoi'oeacha,  p|iî  ]\e  cian,  ocuf  ţie  hainifiţi 
pcroa,  .1.  pjiî  jieiTiief  7)610  mblicroaTi  ocuf 
oct:  picir,  no  va  cev  laţi  -ppoifiinn  .1.  6 
fieinîef  CCiprpi  mic  Ccrcail  mic  pin^^aine, 
co  ţieiinef  b^iiain  mic  CînneiTxi^  ;  ocuf 
o  fiennef  CCo-oa  mic  Meill  PTiapT^^S  ^^^ 
Peţi^aile,  co  TTlaotfecLainn  mac  T)oA- 
nailL. 

II.  Oct:  ţiig  Dec  hi  cCaifiul  pfiiffin  jie  fin.  Ir:  iar 
annfo  an  anmanna,  .1.  CCiţirfii  mac  Ca€ail  mic  ţin- 
^aine  ;  ocuf  pei-olimiT)  mac  Cţiiomrainn  ;  OlcoBaţi  mac 
Cinaeic;  CCil^endn  mac  'Oun^aile;  TTlaol^tiala  mac 
T)un5alai§;  Cennpaela-D  mac  Tnuyichai-D ;  T)onncha^ 
mac  T)tiil5T)a15oi|ienn  ;  T)uBlachT:na  mac  ÎTIael^uala  ; 
Pinpnne  mac  Lae^aiţie  Cenn^e^ain ;  Coţibmac  mac 
Cuilennain  ;  'piairB!eyiT:ac  mac  lonrîiainen  ;  Loyican  mac 
Connli^din  ;  Ceallacan  mac  bua^acain ;  maelparaprais 


1  Gaedhil  That  îs,  "the  War  of 
the  Irishţ"  who  in  their  own  langaage 
caii  themselves  Gaedhil  or  Gael  (in 
Wclah  Gwyddif),  "with  the  GaiU," 
strangers  or  f  oreigners,  a  generic  name 
given  to  all  invaders  of  Ireland.  See 
O'DonoTan^s  TransL  of  Book  ofRights^ 
p.  51,  n.  9.  The  original  terms  are 
here  retained  withoat  translation,  be- 
cause  of  the  alliteration  which  was 
evidently  intended. 


^  Atcfullt/  ffreat  L.  oroits  the  ex- 
pletive  adjectives  and  reads,  btii  "DO- 
cjiaici  TTiofi  pop.  pep,ait)  hG|ienn, 
"  there  was  a  great  oppression  on  the 
men  of  Ireland."     See  Appendix  A- 

3  Gentiles.  L.  reads,  tochlannccnb, 
omittîng  the  adjectives  goiwisLayHi, 

*  Fierce.  L.  reads,  T)i3t5it)  «otiŢi- 
cp.i'oeâaibi  the  ancient  and  more 
grammatically  correct  forms.     The 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  GAEDHIL*  WITH  THE  GAILL 


THERE  was  an  astonishing  and  awfully  great^  op- The  period 
presaion  over  all  Erinn,  throughout  its  breadth,  by  oanish 
powerful  azure   Gentiles,^  and  by  fierce,^  hard-hearted  in^asiona, 
Danars,  during  a  lengthened  period,  and  for  a  long  time,  gome  say, 
namely,  for  the  space  of  eight  score  and  ten  years,  or  two  ^00  yeara. 
hundred,  according  to  some  authorities,  that  is  to  say, 
from  the  time  of  Airtri,  son  of  Cathal,  son  of  Finguine,  to 
the  time  of  Brian,  son  of  Cenneidigh,'^  and  from  the  reign 
of  Aedh,  son  of  Niall  Frassach,^  son  of  Ferghal,  to  Mael- 
sechlainn,^  son  of  Domhnall. 

II.  There  were  eighteen®  kings  in  Caisei  during  that  The  kmgg 
time.     These  are  their  names — viz.,  Airtri,  son  of  Cathal,  durinTtîwt 
son  of  Finguine ;  and  Feidhlimidli,  son  of  Criomhthann ;  time. 
Olchobhar,  son  of  Cinaeth ;  Ailgenan,  son  of  Dungal ; 
Maelguala,  son  of  Dungal ;  Cennfaeladh,  son  of  Murchadh ; 
Donnchadh,  son  of  Dubhdabhoirenn ;  Dubhlachtna,  son  of 
Maelguala ;  Finguine,  son  of  Laeghaire,  awi'named  Cenn- 
gegain  ;   Cormac,  son  of  Cuilennan ;   Flaithbhertach,  son 
of  lonmhainen ;  Lorcan,  son  of  Connligan ;  CeUachan,  son 
of  Buadhachan ;   Maelfathartaigh,  son  of  Bran ;    Dubh- 


reader  irill  observe  the  alliteration 
in  the  adjcctives  6  genticiti  g.  5.  6 
TMinaţicnb  t).  T). 

*  Cenneidigh,  L.  adds,  i  Caj^itil, 
•*  in  Ca«hel." 

^  NiaU  Frauach.  L.  adds,  1  T^etn- 
ţiaigi  "  în  Teamhar  or  Tara."  L,  also 
omits  the  genealogîcal  particnlars, 
giviog  only  the  names  of  the  kings^ 
withontthenames  of  their  grandfathers. 


7  To  Maelsechlainn,  L.  omits  the 
words  * '  to  Maelaechlainn,  son  of  Domh- 
nall." 

8  Eighieen.  L.  reads,  Ţe  TI15  "Deg, 
''  sixteen  kings,"  and  omits  the  llst  of 
names,  which  is  therefore  probably  an 
interpolation.  The  text  gives  nine- 
teen  namea — one  name  bas,  therefore, 
pTobably  been  interpolated.  See  Ap> 
pendix  B. 

♦b2 


coscroti  scxe'otiel  ne  salicei  bîi. 


The  kings 
of  Ireland 
during 
the  same 
period. 


Tbefirst 
invasion 
of  the 
foreigners. 


A.D.  812, 

Another 
invadon, 
A.D.  821- 
828. 


mac  bfiaiti ;  T)tiB'Da15oiţienn  mac  T)OTţînaill;  pGţi5|iaiT)h 
mac  CLefiig;  'Doîincha'o  mac  Cellai^;  TTlac^aTfiain  mac 
CeiîineiTxi§ ;  ocuf  byiian  mac  Ceinneim^. 

III.  T)a  fti§  "Dec  imoft|io,  poţi  'CeApai^,  pţiif  an  ţie  fin, 
.1.  OCo'D  Oiimi-ohe  mac  Meill  Pfiapfai^,  Concobhaţi  mac 
T^onncha-fia,  Miall  mac  CCe'oa,  TTlaelfechlainn  mac 
Tnael|iuanai'5,  OCo'D  pnnliar,  piann  mac  TTlaelvec- 
lamn,  Hiall  ^un-otiB,  T)onnchaT)  mac  pioinn,  Con^alac 
mac  Tnaelmiri§,  T)omnall  6  "Meill,  ITlaelfeclainn  mac 
^OoînnailL,  ocuf  byiian  mac  Cemneixxi^.  Ppi  fieimef 
na  pio§  fin,  ocuf  na  ftuifiec  rpa,  moţx  vo  vuav  ocuf 
•DO  'bocaji,  "DO  rdfi  ocuf  "do  raficaifţ^e,  -Dimne-o  ocuf 
•DeccomnaiiT:  ţio  po-Daimfior  ffuire  faep.a  foibe^aca 
nan^aei-Del,  6  T)anmaficacaiB  allmaţiftaib,  ocuf  6  "oi- 
beţi^aiB  bayiBayi'oaiB. 

IV.  18  ţie  ţieimef  ryia  CCipcpi  mic  Carail,  ocuf 
CCo'Ba  mic  Mei  11,  ţio  cînn^cainfeu  Ţio\\X  in-OfiOD  Bf  enn 
aţi  râf,  Txiil  if  nanaimfiţi  fin  ranjaDaţi  5<^ilL  i 
^Camaf  6  poraiT)  'Ciţie  .i.  p6e  aţi  cev  lon^ ;  ocuf 
ţio  hin'Dţie'5  le6  an  ciţi,  ocuf  ţio  haiţije'fi  ocuf  ţio 
ioifce-fi  le6  Inif  LabţiainT),  ocuf  T)aiţiinif ;  ocuf  ru^fOT) 
Bo^anaci;  LoCa  Lein  cac  "oâib,  ocuf  ţio  maţiBo'o  fe  ţ?iţi 
'oes  aţi  .cccc.  "do  gallaiB  anî),  .i.  an  blia^ain  aţi 
maţiba'5  T)îmain  CCţioD  ţ^n,  .i.  .oc  mblia-Bna  aţinecc 
CCiţirţii  mic  CaraiL 

V.  'Cdinij  lon^ef  ele  laţi  fin  n.  an  -Daţia  blia^ain 
laţinjalSail  ţii^e  -do  pei^lim  mac  Cţiimrainn,  co  ţio 
in'Dţiai^fer;  Coţicaig,  ocuf  Inif  'Ceiîini,  ocuf  ţio  hinT)- 


^Cellach.  Bead  Ce/ZocAo».  SeeAp- 
pendix  B. 

9  Temhair:  i.e.,  in  Tara.  As  the 
kings  of  Manster  are  designated  as 
kings  in  Caiaei,  or  Cashel,  their 
royal  seat  or  fortress — so  the  kings 
of  Ireland  are  called  kings  m  Tara^ 
although  the  royal  palace  there  had 
ceased  to  be  the  actual  residence  of 
the  supreme  king,  for  some  time  before 


the  Danish  invasions.  Here  again  L. 
omits  the  list  of  names. 

3  During  the  Hme.  L.  omits  the 
expletives  in  this  paragraph.  jSee 
Appendix  A. 

*  Airlri,  In  this  passage  B.  pută 
the  king  of  Munster  first,  and  the 
king  of  Ireland  second.  The  order  is 
inverted  in  L.  This  latter  MS.  was 
not  written  in  Munster. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


5 


dabhoirenn,  son  of  Domhnall;  Fergraidh,  son  of  Clerech  ; 
Donnchadh,  son  of  Cellăch^ ;  Mathghamhain,  son  of  Cenn- 
eîdigli ;  and  Brian,  son  of  Cenneidigh. 

III.  But  in  Temhair^  therewere  twelve  kings  during  the  The  kîng» 
same  period — ^namely,  Aedh  Oii'dnidhe,  son  of  Niall  Fras-  during*" 
sach ;  Cf)nchobhar,  son  of  Donnchadh;  NiaU,  son  of  Aedh ;  the  same 
Maelsechlainn,  son  of  Maelruanaidh ;    Aedh  Finnliath  ; 
Flann,  son  of  Maelsechlainn;  Niall  Glundubh ;  Donnchadh, 

son  of  Flann ;  Conghalach,  son  of  Maelmithigh ;  Domh- 
nall, grandson  of  Niall;  Maelsechlainn,  son  of  Domhnall ; 
and  Brian,  son  of  Cenneidigh.  During  the  time"*  of  those 
kings  and  chieftains,  much  hardship  and  oppression,  con- 
tempt  and  indignity,fatigue  and  weakness,  were  submitted 
to  by  the  leamed  and  accomplished  nobles  of  the  Gaedhil, 
trom  pirate  Danmarcachs,  and  barb^rmia  robbers. 

IV.  It  was  in  the  time  of  AirSi^son  of  Cathal,  and  of  The  flrat 
Aedh,  son  of  Niall,  that  the  foreigners  first  began  the  JJ^®'' 
devastation   of  Erinn ;    for  it  was    in  their  time  the  fordgnen. 
foreigners  came  into  Camas  6  Fothaidh  Tire* — viz.,  an 
hundred  and  twenty®  ships,  and  the  country  was  plun- 
dered  and  devastated  by  them,  and  Inis  Labrainn  and 
Dairinis  were  bumed  by  them.     And  the  Eoganachts  of 

Loch  Lein  gave  them  battle,  when  four  hundred  and  six- 
teen  men  of  the  foreigners  were  killed.     This  was  the 
year  after"  that  in  which  Diman  of  Aradh  was  killed,  A.D.  812. 
and  ten  years  after  the  death  of  Airtri,  son  of  CathaL 

V.  There  came  another  fleet  after  that — ^viz.,  in  theAnother 
second  year  after  the  accession  to  the  throne  of  Feidhlim,  aS!  821- 
son  of  Crimhthann,  and  they  plundered  Corcach,  and  Inis  823. 


i.îiti^^ 


»  Cama»  6  Fothaidh  Tire,  CaTnTnti|* 
îl  UI  potm-o  T3ixie  L.  CaoiTnini|^ 
o  bpotaiT)  (Fair  Island  of  Ui  Foth- 
aidh), Keating.  Introd.,  p.  xzxvi. ,  n.  *. 

<  An  hundred  and  tvjtnty,  L.  has 
the  same  number,  but  Keating  reads, 
Xxkt'C  ctii  ţMCic  Z/ong  a  lion,  *'the 
crewsi  of  three  sc'ore  shipâ  was  their 
nuraber." 


f  After,  L.  omits  the  notice  of  Dî- 
man*8  death,  and  reads,  .1 .  m  "DechnicrD 
bt/ioroam  yienecc  CC|ic|ii :  **  î.e.,  the 
tenth  year  hefore  the  death  of  Artri." 
See  App.  A.  and  B.  Another  instance 
of  the  same  difference  will  be  found, 
chap.  xxiii.  (p.  22,  note  8),  where  the 
Foor  M.  understood  after^  although 
here  they  nnderstood  be/bre. 


co-gcroti  sa:eT)tiel  ne  ţocllcctbti. 


Bangor  in 
Ulater 
plunderedţ 
A.D.824,  o. 


Invasion  of 
Hy  Cenn- 
selaijo^h,  and 
plundering 
of  the 
principal 
churchos 
of  M mister. 


fiea'B  leo  beiTocaifi,  ocuf  Cluain  Uarria,  ocup  Rof  TTlae- 
tdin.  Ro  hiiTOfiea-S  leo  8cellecc  TTIichil,  ocuf  iiuccforc 
OD^all  leo  iTnbpoi'D,  coni'5  t)o  mio|ibuilibh  ocfiulla, 
ocuf  mafil5  t)0  ^ofira  ocuf  "Dicai^  aca  he. 

VI.  'Came  lon^eţ^  ele  i  maifcefiTj  e^ieiro  laţifin  ; 
cerfii  bba^na  lapnec  CCe'oa  mic  Meill  ic  CCr  vă  ţleţir, 
ocuţ^  |io  aifi^fer  Oencti|i  Ulcro,  ociiţ^  fio  bţiifiraji  |Xî|iin 
Com^aill,  ocuf  fio  mapbaDafi  a  epyxîop,  ocuf  a  fuiT)î, 
ocuf  a  ffiun ;  "oa  aifi^f ei:  'oim  mo^  poţ^. 

VII.  'Came  lon^ef  ele  înnuib  CeiToţ^elai^,  ocuf 
Xio  aifi^fec  'Ceac  ITlunmj,  ocuf  Ceac  ÎTlolinT),  ocuf 
Imif  'Ceoc.  'CancaT>afi  ia|ifin  înnOfixai^ib,  ocuf  ţio 
hiniicT)  111  rip.  leo.  'Cucpar  On'taip  car  -Doib,  ocuf 
iDîiocap  .clxa:.  "oib  anu  Ro  co^lax)  leo  T)un  "Dep- 
miip,  ocup  Imp  Co^aiian,  ocup  TDii^upr  'Cippain,  ocup 
po  huipe'D  leo  Leap  TTlop,  ocup  po  loipceD  Cell 
TTlolappi,  ocup  Cluam-ap'D  ITlubeoc,  ocup  po  huipe'D 
•ona  Lanx^  Lepî,  ocup  Ceiro  8lebi  la  paipiiro  eli  -oib. 
Ro  haip^OT)  leo,  T)na,  ^op-o  Coluimcilli,  ocup  TDamliccs 
Cianan,  Slam,  ocup  OpUapaili,  ocup  ^eiro  "od  Iaca, 


1  Inis  Temkni.  Inia  Ternii,  L.  Inis 
Doimhle,  Four  M. 

•  Bennckair.  becii ep.e,  L,,  whîch 
18  no  doubt  the  tnie  readlng.  See 
Appendix  A. 

3  RoS'Maelain.    Ros-niallain,  L. 

4  Edgall  The  Dublin  MS.  begins 
here  with  the  last  three  letters  of  this 
name, ....  aXX  pceiltgi  teo  imbp,aic 
conic|veb  mip-buLI  crcp.ulla,  ocup 
Tna|xb  DO  gop-ca  ocup  Dicai-o  acu  : 

" [Edg]all  of  Scellig  with  them 

into  captivity,  so  that  it  was  by  mir- 
acleshe  escaped,  and  he  died  of  hunger 
and  thirst  with  them."  Soe  the  read- 
ing  of  L.,  Appendix  A,  and  note,  p.  233. 
Hitherto  the  Irish  text  hus  becn  taken 
from  B.  In  the  remainder  of  the  work, 
D.,  as  being  the  inore  ancient  MS., 
will  be  adopted  as  the  basis  of  the 


text.     The  Irish  reader  will  observe 
the  change  of  orthography. 

*  Its  bishop.  ^pţxîob  in  batt,  L., 
"thebishop  of  thetown,"i.e.,of  Bangor. 

«  Tfte  plain,  TTlas  fiibili,  L., 
"they  plondered  Magh-Bile,"*  i.e-, 
Movilla,  in  the  county  Down.  This  ia 
probably  the  trae  readiog. 

'  Devasiaied,  Ho  hoijiceD,  B., 
"  was  spoiled  **  or  "robbed." 

*  Oiie  hundred  and  serenty,  The 
reading  of  L.  and  B.  Is  here  adopted, 
as  being  the  more  probable  number. 
D.  has  .x.cenT)bci|i  ocup  cfii  pcic, 
ocup  ctacx.  T)ib  aiTo:  "Three  score 
and  ten  holmeta,  aud  an  hundced  ai>4 
seventy  of  them  there,"  which  seema 
evidcntly  the  combination  of  two  dif- 
ferent  readings :  Keating  reads,  înoiii- 
peipoţx  ap,  peacc  gcex),  "wveii 
hundred  and  seven." 


WAI13  OP  THE  GAEPHIL  WITH  ŢHE  GfAILL.  7 

Temhm';  and  Bennchair,^  and  Cluain  Uamha,  and  Ros- 
Maelain,'  were  plundered  by  them.  Scelleg  Michil  was 
also  plundered  by  them;  and  they  took  Edgall'*  with 
tbem  into  captivity,  and  it  was  by  miracles  he  escaped, 
and  he  died  of  hunger  and  thirst  with  them. 

VI.  There  came,  after  that,  another  fleet  into  the  north  of  Bangor  in 
Erinn,  four  years  after  the  death  of  Aedh,  son  of  Niall,  at  ^îfnd^ 
Ath-dâ-Fert;  and  they  plundered  Bennehur  of  Uladh,  and  a.d.824,5. 
brake  the  shrine  of  Comhghall,  and  killed  its  bishop,'  and 
its  doctors,  and  its  elergy :  they  devastated,  also,  the  plain.^ 

VIL  Another  fleet  came  to  Ui  Cennselaigh,  and  they  invasîon  of 
plundered  Teach  Munnu,  and  Teach  Moling,  and  Inis  Ţeoc.  ^y  Cenn- 
They  afterwards  went  into  Osraighe,  and  the  country  piundering 
was   devastated^   by   them.    The  Osraighe   gave   them  ^^n^ţ   i 
battle;  and  there  were  killed  of  them  there  one  hundrej  cimrches 
and  seventy.«      By  them   were   demolished  Dun   Der-^^^"^*"" 
muighe,®  and  Inis  Eoganain,  and  Disert  Tipraiti;   and 
they  devastated  Leas  Mor,  and  bumed  Cili  Molaiai,  and 
Cluain-ard  Mubeoc*°;  Lann  Leri,^^  also,  and  Cenn  Slebhi 
were  plundered  by  another  party  of  them.     There  were 
plundered^  ^  also  by  them  Sord  Coluim-cilli,  and  Damliag 
Chianain,  Slaini,^'  and  Orlla-saile,^*  and  Qlenn-dâ-Locha, 


9  Dun  Dermuighe,  "Otin  "Oexi?;- 
fîi^ine,  B.     "Dun  Dergmuine." 

wjftiieoc  TTlobeccoc  L.  Tflobe^g, 
B.  TîlobGOT>os,  Keating.  Theread- 
Ing  of  L.  is  mere  correct,  being  the 
devotional  form  of  the  name  of  St. 
Bec  (diminutive  Becoc,  or  Becan), 
•ţrith  the  pronoun  mo,  my,  Mobecoc^ 
"My  Becog."  Cf.  Lanigan^  EccL 
Şist ,  ni,  p-  20.  L.  puts  the  pliinder- 
ing  of  Dun  Dermuighe,  &c.,  after  that 
of  Lismore,  Cili  Molaisi,  and  Cluain- 
Ard-Mobecog. 

11  Lann  Leri,  These  words,  to  the 
next  full  stop,  are  omitted  m  B.  In 
L.  the  dause  is  given  thus:  Ra  gab 
ţvempo  pachuaTDiaixcamco^ndm 
CCignec  co  fio  tîiiII|^i:  tati-o  Leţii 


ocu|»  CeHj^leibi  :  "They  after- 
wards went  northwards  to  Snamh 
Aignech"  [Carlingford  bay],  *'so  that 
they  spolled  Lann  Leri,  and  Cell 
Shleibhi"  [Killeavy].  CeUfleibi  îs 
a  more  correct  reading  than  the  Cetro 
6tebi  of  the  text. 

la  There  were  phmâered,  L.  reads  CC 
caaiT)  aţxip  Tjoib  co  yio  ai^isţ^c: 
"They  returned  again^'  [i.e.,  frora  the 
north  of  Ireland]  "and  plundered." 
"Damhliag  Chianan,"  was  at  first 
written  în  the  MS.  T)tincianan>  I^n 
Chianan,  but  corrected  by  a  later 
hand. 

^^Slaini,     Omitted  in  B. 

1*  Orlla-saiU,  L.,  B.,  and  Keat- 
ing  read,  Cell  uapaile. 


8 


coţcroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  saUccibti. 


Afleet 
enters 
Limerick 
harbour, 
A.D.  834. 


Tnrgeis  in 
the  north 
of  Ireland, 
assumesthe 
soy-ereigntj 
of  the 
foreignen, 
A.D.  839. 


St  Ber- 

can'spro- 

phecy. 


ocuf  Cluain  Uoma,  ocuf  munsaifix;,  ocuf  utitnoţi  ceti 
6|ienT). 

VIII.  'Came  longef  ele  poţi  cuan  Lumnî^,  octif  |vo 
hin|iiT;  Coţico  bonfciriT),  ocuf  Cixcrofiaip,  ocuf  u  Conîll 
^ccbţia  leo.  Cucfaî;  o  Conaill  cerc  'ooib  ic  8encrcib  .i. 
T)oncaT)  mac  Scannlan  fii  ua  Cîonaill,  ocuf  Wtall  mac 
CnTDpaelffD;  ocuf  ni  pef  ca  lin  i'oţiocaiţi  an'opin  T)ib. 

IX.  Came  laţifin  fii^lon^ef  a-obulmoji  la  Ciiţi^e-p, 
1  ctiafceţix;  e^ienn,  ocup  fio  ^ab  fiip  ^all  Oiien-o, 
ocuf  |io  hinţieT)  ruafceţiî;  Oyienn  leo,  ocuf  ţio  pccnl- 
peTj  po  Leic  CuinT).  Ro  gab  cţia  lon^ep  "oib  poţi  Loc 
GaraC ;  ocup  ţio  gab  lon^ep  ele  ic  Lu^buT) ;  octip  fio 
gab  lon^ep  ele  pop  Loc  Raî.  Ocup  pa  hinpeT)  rpa 
CCpT)  TTlaca  po  cpi  ipînmn  mîp  leo  pin,  ocup  po  gat) 
Ctipseip  pein  abb-oam  CCp-oa  TTlaca,  ocup  po  hînnapb 
Papanan  abb  CCp-oa  TTlaca  ocup  api)  comapba  pa- 
'opaic,  eo  TX)pa£r  TTlumain,  ocup  pcpin  paT)paie  leip; 
ocup  buî  ceqni  blia^na  im  TTlumain,  ocup  Cupgeip  înn 
CCpT)  TTlaca,  ocup  ippîji  iniaipcipc  Opent) ;  amail  po 
caipnjip  bepcan,  ppimpai€  mmi  ocup  ralman, — 


^Erinn.  Ut^mofi  ceti  n&fienT) 
tiite,  L>,  "the  greater  part  of  the 
churches  of  all  Ireland.'*  So  also 
Keating. 

8  Tradraighe»  The  reading  of  L., 
B.,  and  Keating,  la  here  adopted.  D. 
readB'oaţxutuxigi.  Instead  of  |vo  hin- 

•DfieD. teOjasinB.  andD.,  L.  haa 

|ux  hinT>îiiT; tiafctipaiT)e. 

*SeiuUL  Sean-DOD,  B.  Seon- 
fiaiT),  Keating.  The  place  of  thia 
hattie  ia  not  mentioned  in  L. 

^  Dotmchadh,  ton  ofScannlan.  Don< 
adhach,  4  M.  The  clause  mention- 
ing  the  names  of  these  chieftains 
omitted  in  the  text  of  L.,  ia  added  in 
the  margin  in  a  later  hand :  but  inatead 
of  Niall,  8on  of  Cennfaeladh,  as  he  ia 
called  here,  and  also  by  the  Four 
Maştera  (A.D.  845),  this  marginal 
addition  in  L.  rearb  *'  Doinhnall,  son 


of  Cennfaeladh,  king  of  the  Hi  Cair- 
bri."'    See  Appendix  A.,  p.  224. 

•  Tkere  slain.  Tx>pjccnîi  ann  T)iob, 
B.,  "was  slam  there.*'  "Ooţiochonfi 
onT),  Ii.,  "fell  there." 

•  Was  plundered.  Ro  iTiT>îvaipioc, 

B.,    ^Hhej   plondered.**     B.   omită 

leo. 
fLeth  Chuum,     The  northem  half 

of    Ireland,    called  Leth  Ckukm  or 

Conn*s  half. 

•  0/  them.  For  «oib,  the  reading 
of  L.  and  D.,  B.  has  ele,  "another 
fleet.** 

9  Lughbudh,  lltagniUT),  L.  Lup- 
TTKXgh,  B.  and  Keating.  Now 
Lowth, 

w  Loch  Sau  Loch  Rt,  L.  loc 
Rit>,  6.  and  Keating. 

11  In  tke  same  monih.  po  tţvi  pinn 
oefi  mîp  leo,  L.    po  tfii  tn  eti  inî 


WABS   OF   THE   GAEDHIL   WITH   THE  GAILL. 


and  Cluain  Uamha,  and  Mungairt,  and  the  greater  part  of 
the  chnrches  of  Erinn.* 

VIII.  Another  fleet  came  into  the  harbour  of  Luim-  a  fleet 
nech ;    and   Corco-Baiscinn,   and    Tradraighe,*   and  Ui  «;t«™. 
Conaill  Qabhra  were  plimdered  by  them.     The  Ui  ConaiU  harbour, 
defeated  them  at  Senati,'  under  Donnchadh,  son  of  Scann-  ^'^'  ^*- 
lan,^  king  of  Ui  Conaill,  and  Niall,  son  of  Cennfaeladh, 

and  it  is  not  known  how  many  of  them  were  there  slain.* 

IX.  There  came  after  that  a  great  royal  fleet  into  the  Turgeîs  în 
north  of  Erinn,  with  Turgeis,  who  assumed  the  sovereignty  ^e  «^orth 
of  the  foreigners  of  Erinn ;  and  the  north  of  Erinn  was  Lsum^the 
plundered^  by  them,  and  they  spread  themselves  over  Leth  aovereîgnty 
Chuinn.^     A  fleet  of  them®  also  entered  Loch  Eathach,  foreîgner», 
and  another  fleet  entered  Lughbudh,^  and  another  fleet  ^'^'  ^^• 
entered  Loch  Kai.^°   Moreover,  Ard  Macha  was  plundered 

three  times  in  the  same  month*^  by  them ;  and  Turgeis 
himself  *^  usurped  the  abbacy  of  Ard  Macha,  and  Faran- 
nan,^^  abbot  of  Ard  Ma<;ha,  and  chief  comharba  of  Patrick, 
was  driven  out,**  and  went  to**  Mumhain,  and  Patrick's 
shrine  with  him;  and  he  was  four  years  in  Mumhain, 
while  Turgeis  was  in  Ard  Macha,*®  and  in  the  sovereignty*^ 
of  the  north  of  Erinn,  as  Bercan*®  prophesied,  chief  pro-  st  Ber- 

can's  pro- 
phecy. 


phet  of  heaven  and  earth,*'-^- 


teO)  B.  These  are  merdy  differences 
of  oithography,  except  that  B.  omits 
Y^n,  reading  **  in  one  month,"  uistead 
of  **  in  the  same  month." 

^  Sinud/.  B.  omits  ţem,  and 
merely  aays  "Turgeis,"  instead  of 
"  Torgeîs  himself.**  The  name  of  tbis 
chîeftainis'CtJiîisei'pinB.  throughout. 
D.  has  Tufvsei'p,  wm.,  'Cutigep^e». 

13  Fararman.  Forannan,  L.  and  B. 
throughout.  Comharba^  is  the  name 
giyen  to  a  successor  in  an  episcopal 
or  abbatial  see. 

1*  Driven  oiU,  Ro  hin-otiecro  octi|» 
Yvo  hin-oai^bcro,  B.,  "was  driven  out 
and  banished."  Ro  iniia|ibcr6  aŢŢ, 
L.,  "  driven  away." 


^^Wentto,  Litreached.  Co|i|iodCt 
L.  "goTi  •oeachcTD,  B.,  "came  to." 

*•  /»  Ard  Macha,  \x\  abx^aine 
CCyi-oa  niaca,  B.,  "  in  the  abbacy  of 
Ard  Macha.** 

^T  Andin  the  sovereiffnty,  L.  reads 
octi|»  netic  cuayx^tic  h^ţienT)  aice, 
"  and  the  power  of  the  north  of  Erinn 
was  with  him." 

1^  Bercan,  L.  introduces  this  pro- 
phecythus:  1|*  anT)pn  |ia  coniat- 
tcTD  pafcini  beyichain  in  pivim 
poroa :  "  It  was  on  this  that  the  pro- 
phecy  of  Berchan,  the  eminent  prophet, 
was  fulfilled." 

^^Andearth,  B.addsocuf'acbeiiT;, 
"  and  he  said." 


10 


cosoroîi  scceT)îiel  ne  saUccibîi. 


The  pro- 
phecyofSt 
Colam 
CiUe. 


The 

prophecies 
of  Ciaran 
the  older, 


and  of  Bec- 
mac-De. 


'Ciqpccc  '^er\z)  Daţi  mu^]\  mall 

TTlefcapair  T;ofi  ţreayiatb  OţxeTiT) 

Oib  ucctib  abb  ap,  cac  cili 

01*0  iictuib  1115  -pofi  CfieîiT). 
Seacj:  blm-ona  "ooib,  nî  penom  -pairo, 

In  nq-i'Dţiisi  11a  hOţieiTo, 

In  nabbcroani  caca  ciUi 

"Ou  Dub^enrib  T)uiblinni. 
OiatT)  abb  ap,  mu  cillpea  De, 

tlî  ctcpa  Don  eţimeifi^e, 

Can  poceţi,  if  can  qxe-oa, 

gan  ^oe-Dilg,  acu  ^aill  bep,la. 

Ho  raiprigip  z\ia  Colum  Cilii  in  nî  cerna  ţx)f,  conebapic, 

In  longep  pin  Laca  Rai 
Rta  "DO  tnopoD  ^all  genn 
biT)  tiatib  abb  ap,  CCp-o  TTlaca 
biT>  poplamuf  anplaca. 

X.  Ro  nncell,  T)na,  pen  Ciapan  Saigpi  m  pcel  cevua 
.1.  TDanaifi  po  rpî  vo  ^abail  Open-o,  .1.  'oaim  -oib  ap 
Colum  Cilii  "Dînnapba,  ocup  'oaim  -oib  in  inaî)  a  pa- 
fiai^ci  piun  1  'Caillnn,  ocup  "oaini  in  inoD  cpapci  nan 
appcal  1  T:empai5.  ConiT)  aippin  po  can  in  pilix)  ocup 
in  pai€  .1.  bec  mac  T)e,  coniT)  apbepc, 


1  So/t  Keatîug  reads,  meann, 
**over  the  glorious  sea." — Curnfs  Copy^ 
p,  690.  Keating  quotes  only  the  lirst 
qaatrain  of  this  prophecy. 

■  The  men,  L.  reads,  pepam),  "  the 
land/' 

«  Over  every  ckurch,  OCbaiT)  pop 
cac  cili,  L.  For  this  and  the  next 
line,  B.  substitut^s  the  last  two  lines 
of  the  qaatrain,  attributed  to  St. 
Colum  Cille:  this  was  probably  an 
error  of  transcription,  arising  from  the 
iniţial  wordsof  thelines  bcingthe  same. 

*  A  king.  Wepc,  L.,  •'  power  over 
Erinn." 

»  Seven  years,  This  quatrain  li 
omitted  in  B. 


^  Black  Gentiles.  L.  reads  tx) 
Sencib  -Duin  T)ublîîii,  "  the  Gen- 
tiles  of  the  fort  of  Dublin." 

'i/y  church.  mo  cillp  «oe,  B. 
Popnicillpe  «De,  L.  In  the  next 
line  B.  reads,  nî  tmteoca  in  lap- 
meipge,  a  more  modem  but  less  cor- 
rect  orthography, 

8  Witkout  Pater:  i  e.,  ignorant  of  the 
Pater  noster  and  Credo — mere  pagans. 

»  Withota  IrUh,  Can  lacin,  L., 
"wîthout  Latin/'  But  the  alliteration 
of  Gaedhilg,  and  Gaill,  in  D.  and  B., 
seems  intenţional. 

^^  Colum  CiUe,  "Item  Colum  CiUe," 
L.  ebapic  is,  perhaps,  fin  error  of  the 
scribe  for  dbaipc. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  GAILL. 


11 


^'  Gkntîles  shall  come  over  the  sofl^  sea; 
Thej  shall  confound  the  men'  of  Erînn ; 
Of  them  there  shall  be  an  abbot  over  every  church"; 
Of  them  there  shall  be  a  king^  over  Ermn. 
Seven  years*  shall  they  be ;  nor  weak  theu:  power, 
In  the  high  sovereignty  of  Erînn. 
In  the  abbacy  of  every  chiirch 
The  black  Gentiles^  of  Dubhlînn. 
There  shall  be  of  them  an  abbot  over  this  my  churcb,^ 
TVlio  will  not  attend  to  matins  ; 
Without  Pater®  and  without  Credo ; 
Withont  Irîsh,^  but  only  foreign  language.'' 

CtoluinCille^^alsoforetoldthe  same  thing,  when  he  said- 
«  This  fleet  of  Loch  Rai,!^ 

By  whom^^  are  magnified  the  Gaill-Gentiles ; 

Of  them  there  shall  be  an  abbot  over^"  Ard  Macha ; 

It  shall  be  the  government^*  of  a  usurper." 


The  pro- 
phecyof  St. 
Colum 
Cille. 


X.  The  old  Ciaran,  of  Saigher,  foretold  aJso  the  same —  The 
viz.,  that  Danars  would  three  times  conquer  Erinn ;  that  oJ^claraT 
is,  a  party  of  them  [in  punishmeut]  for  the  banishment  of  the  oider, 
Cîolum  Cille**;  a  party  of  them,  for  the  insult*®  to  [Ciaran] 
himself  at  Tailltin ;  and  a  party  for  the  fasting  of  the 
Apostles*^  in  Temhair.     And  it  was  of  this  the  poet  and 
prophet  Bec-mac-De  sang,  as  he  said*® —  andofBec- 

mac-De. 


^Loch  Rai.  Lo^a  Hi,  L.  Loca 
Hit>,B. 

i«  By  whom.  For  ifvia»  "by  whom," 
L.  and  B.  read,  maic,  "has  well 
exalted,*^  or  "magnified-"  Keating 
reads,  bccD  maich  tyo  Tnâp-aT) 
^eînnce,  "  the  Gentiles  shall  be  Tvell 
ezalted.** — Curnfi  Copy,  p.  581. 

u  Over.  L.  and  B.  omit  aţ\,  and 
read,  "  an  abbot  of  Ard  Macha." 

"  Government.  Oltamnacc,  I<., 
**the  rule"  or  "sovercjgnty." 

^  Of  Colum  Cille.  CCfi  fon  Colum 
Ciite,  B.,  "  because  of  Colum  Cille's 
banishment."  The  meaning  is,  that 
the  Danes  were  eent  by  Providence  to 


pnnish  the  conntry  for  the  three  na- 
ţional sins  mentioned. 

^*  Insult.  The  word  implies  a  sacrUe- 
ffious  insult.  CC  -pxiiaijti  Ţyam  peiti, 
B.,  "the  sacrilege  offered  even  to  him- 
self," or  "  to  his  very  seif." 

17  The  Apostles:  Le.,  of  the  apostles 
or  twelve  eminent  saints  of  Ireland — 
nctem  hO^yvenn,  L.,  *'of  the  saints 
of  Erinn." 

18^5  he  said.  The  words,  Cotim 
arbefic,  are  omîtted  in  B.  L.  gives 
the  prophecy  of  Bec-mac-D^  imme- 
diately  af ter  that  attributed  to  Colum- 
cille,  and  then  explains  the  allusion  to 
the  three  invasions  said  to  have  beeii 


1 


Turgeis 
enters 
Loch  Ree, 
and  plun- 
ders  the 
monagteries 
of  Meath 
and  Con- 
naoght, 
A.D.  838- 
845. 


Inyasion  of 
Dublin  and 
Leinster. 


12  coţctroti  sae'otiel  Tie  sccllccibti. 

"Oiaţi  ben  clog  i  TkwUriTi  ce, 
Cia|ian  fen  fai-obiţi  ^ai^fie, 
"Oo  gell  [T)OfiiTin]  comina  qfii 
"Oama  X)aTiaţi  'Dublon^f^. 

Ci-n  T]).a  ace  rancorap  na  rţii  cancana  fin,  ocuf  |io 
conioLlir;  na  pa^^ini ;  [aniail  ţio  raifin^ţi  ^ach  naeni 
pipen  poificclije]. 

XI.  'Came  [rţia  Cufi^eif  CCţi'oa  TTlaca,  ocuf  ţio  rocc- 
aib]  lon^ef  aţi  lx)c  Rai,  ocuf  |io  hinfier)  TT1it)i  uqd 
af,  ocuf  Connacra;  ocuf  ţio  InnţieT)  Cluain  mic  lloif 
leif,  ocuf  Cinam  ţleţica  Otienainx),  ocuf  Lorp,a,  ocup 
Cip  Txi  5^af,  ocuf  Inif  Celrţia,  ocuf  cella  T)e|ip)eţic 
aţicena ;  ocuf  if  an*©  'oobeţie'o  Oca  ben  Cup^ep  a 
huţiicli  ap  alTX)ip  Cluana  mic  Woif.  Cuq^ac,  imop- 
po,  Connacca  coc  T)Oib  'ou  in  'opocaip  TTlaelT)Uin  mac 
TTluippppa  pi^Domna  Connacr. 

XII.  Cancacap  lapfin  u.  longa  ocup  cpi  picic,  cop 
^abpac  in^OublinT)  CCza  Clicrc,  ocup  po  hinpet)  La^in 
co  papsi  leo,  ocup  îTla^  mbpe^.  CucpaT),  -ona,  T)ail- 
p6ca  cac  ele  T)oib,  'ou  in-opocaip  Go^an  mac  Oenguppa 
pî  T)alpicai. 


foretold  bj  Ciaran:  see  App.  A.,  p. 
225-6;  it  U  evident,  bowever,  that 
Ciaran  of  Clonmacnois  must  bave  been 
intended:  for  it  was  he,  not  Ciaran, 
sumamed  the  Old,  who  vras  inimlted  hj 
King  Diarroaid  at  Tailltm  or  Teltown. 
Old  Ciaran  (of  Saigher)  is  said  to 
have  lived  before  the  coming  of  St 
Patricic. 

^Stâgher.  The  original  readingmay 
have  been  paig,  "the  sage,"  which  was 
mistaken  bj  copyists  for  paigfxe,  "of 
Saigher." 

•  To  Erinn,  These  words,  neoessary 
to  the  metre,  are  supplied  from  L. 
and  B. 

s  ShoM  6e.  Co  pa  cţii,  L.  Co 
ba  Zfih  B*  These  are  differences  of 
spelltng  onlj. 

*  And  now.     This  paragraph  to  the 


end  of  the  chap.  is  omitted  in  L.  For 
cţxi  caticana  pin,  B.  reads,  otican- 
ca,  "  prophccies,"  The  dause  within 
brackets  is  supplied  from  B.,  but  is 
unnecessarv. 

*  Turffds,  Thewords  within  brack* 
ets  in  the  Irish  are  subatituted  from 
B.  for  thewords  in  D. — ^i  aţipi  n  'Ctiţi- 
geip  co  hCCyvT)  TTlaia,  ocup  |io  co- 
cai6:  "Afterwards  Turgeis  came  to 
Ard  Macha,  and  therecame  a  fleet,  **  &c 
L.  reads,  "Cantc  ia|ipain  "Cufijjeiţ^ 
po|i  Loch  Rt,  "afterwards  Turgeis 
came  upon  Loch  Ri,"  whicb  was,  most 
probably,  the  original  reading. 

'  By  htm,    B.  omits  leip. 

^  Dtrg-dheirc :  i.e.,  the  churches 
on  the  islands  in  Loch  Derg-dheirc, 
now  Loch  Derg.  D.  bas  cell  "oeii- 
ceţir,  for  which  rellu  "DeiijDepc, 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


13 


"  When  the  beli  was  rung  în  warm  Tailltin, 
Ciaran  the  Old,  the  wealthj,  of  Saigher,* 
Promised  [to  Erinn^]  that  tbree  times  there  shonld  be' 
Parties  of  Danars  of  the  black  shîps." 

And  now*  these  three  predictions  came  to  pass,  and 
the  prophecies  were  fulfiUed,  [as  every  righteous  and  true 
saint  had  foretold]. 

XL  There  came  [now  Turgeis,*  of  Ard  Macha,  and 
brought]  a  fleet  upon  Loch  Rai,  and  from  thence  plun- 
dered  Midhe  and  Connacht ;  and  Cluain  Mic  Nois  was 
plundered  by  him,*  and  Cluain  Ferta  of  Brenann,  and 
Lothra,  and  Tir-dâ-glas,  and  Inis  Celtra,  and  all  the 
churches  of  Derg-dheirc/  in  like  manner ;  and  the  place 
where  Ota,*  the  wife  of  Turgeis,  used  to  give  her  audience 
was  upon  the  altar  of  Cluain  Mic  Nois.  The  Connacht- 
men,  however,  gave  them  battle,  in  which  Maelduin,  son 
of  Muirghes,  royal  heir  apparent  of  Connacht,  was  slain. 

XII.  Afber  this*  came  three  score  and  five  ships,  and 
larided^^  at  Dubhlinn  of  Athcliath,  and  Laghin  was  plun- 
dered to  the  sea  by  them,  and  Magh  Bregh.  But  the 
Dai  Riada"  met  them  in  another  battle,  in  which  was 
slain  Eoghan,**  son  of  Oengus,  king  of  Dai  Riada. 


Targeis 
enters 
Loch  Ree, 
and  plun. 
ders  the 
monasteries 
of  Meath 
and  Con- 
naught, 
A.U.  838- 
845. 


loTasion  of 
Dublin  and 
Leiaster. 


the  reading  of  L.  and  B.,  haa  heen 
sabstitated.    B.  omits  aţicena. 

»Ot€L  B.  has  Otur,  and  L.  Otta, 
Fot  a  h-utwcti,  *'  her  audience,"  L. 
and  B.  read,  a  pţiecaiicha,  "the 
place  where  she  used  to  give  her  an< 
Bwers." 

9  Aftâr  ihit.  loţii^iTi,  omitted  in 
B.,  but  the  word  occurs  in  L. 

^^Andlanded.  L.  omits coTigab^cn:, 
and  reads,  co  "Dublitro,  "to  Dub- 
linn,"  &c.  D.  reads,  TTlas  mtiej,  for 
which  the  more  correct  spelUng  of  B. 
has  been  substituted. 

11  ThelDal  Biada.  L.  reads,  Tuc- 
Ţoc  "Oatiiia'Dai  cazh  "ooti  lofigiţ* 
Ţe}r\,  "  the  Dairiadans  gave  battle  to 
this  fleet."    B.  agrees  with  D.,  omit- 


ting  only  the  word  ele,  "another." 
L.  adds  here  the  foUowingnote,  which 
does  not  occur  in  the  other  MSS. : — 
Uaiti  Tva  cucrcafi  lam  cleTii 
h&p'^Ti'D  pa  chnatT)  ap,  mitliu'D 
Laj;en  ocuy»  t)|xe5 :  "  Afterwards 
many  of  the  clergy  of  Erinn  went  to 
the  north  after  the  plunderingof  Laigin 
and  Bregh.'* — See  App.  A.,  p.  226. 

^*  Eoghan.  In  L.  and  B.  he  ia  more 
correctly  called  Eoghanany  son  of 
Oenghns.  He  was  the  31at  king  of 
the  Dairiadans  of  Scotland,  according 
to  OTlaherty.  Ogygia,  p.  481.  L. 
gives  the  tribe  name  in  the  nom, 
"Oaliiiarai,  gen,  'Oaitiiiacat.  B. 
gives  the  nom,  "Oatţxicroa,  and  gen, 
"OaitfiiaDa;    making  the  inflexion 


14 


cosoroti  sae'otiel  ne  socUxcibtl. 


Simnlta- 
neouB  inva* 
sions  in 
various 
places  of 
Monster. 


Farannan, 
of  Armagh, 
carried  ofif, 
A.D.  845. 

Turgeis 
taken  and 
drowned, 
A.D.  845. 


The  battle 
of  Rose  rea, 
A.D.  845. 


XIII.  Tiranic  lapfin  rola  muţibfiucra  Tno|i  T)ti  gai- 
Icnb  înn  C^piiro,  co  nac  fiabi  aifiT)  înnm  can  lon^ef- 
If  leofiT)e  "00  hapseoD  Ofiigoban'D,  ocuf  ţio  maţibcro 
'Cţieffac  mac  TTlealL  Ho  ^ab,  am,  lon^ef  igCiaţi- 
fiai^i  Luacţia,  ocuf  fio  hinţie'o  leo  co  Cili  Ici,  ocuţ* 
co  Cuil  6mni,  ocuf  ţio  hinfioT),  cpa,  |ie  lon^ef  Laimni^ 
TTlaprini  na  îTluman,  ocuf  fiticfor  ţlafiannan  comaţiba 
CCpT)a  TTlaca  o  Cluain  Comaifi'oi  co  Lumnea6,  ocuf  ţio 
bpiffiT)ap  fcpin  paT)ţiaic. 

XIV.  Iifî  fin  blioDain  fio  ^aBcrfe  'Cupjeif  ţie  TTlael- 
feclainn,  ocuf  ţio  baireaT)  lapfin  i  Loc  Uaiţi  .i.  in 
blia-oain  fiembarux)  "Meill  Cai  Ui  fin,  ocuf  m-oafia 
bliaT)ain  pe  nec  'pcDleme'oa  mic  CiTimchainT),  ocuf  if 
pe  ţiemif  na  T)fîiffi  fin  'ooţionair  na  ^nîma  fin  uit. 
Ociif  a\i  mafba-D  'Cuf.T;eif,  imoţifo,  'doIuit)  papannan 
abb  CCfoamaca  afin  mumain  [co  OCfomaca],  ocUf  ţio 
T)ain^niceT>  fcfin  pa-opaic  leif. 

XV.  In  blucDain,  T)na,  po  gabai'B  paţianan  ocuf 
fo  biiife-D  fcpin  pa-opaic,  ocuf  po  hinfe-o  cella 
triurVian,  if  ani)  fin  uancorap  [^aill]  co  Uof  Cpe'oa, 
la  feil  poil  ociif  peT)aip,  ocuf  inc  aenac  înnillcl 
auv ;  ocuf  zucav  cac  "DOib,  ocuf  po  muiT)  pop  ^oHcn^ 
rpia  pcrc  poil  ocup  pe^aip,  ocup  po  mapbaic  co  t)i- 
aipmra  anî) ;   ocup  po  bualoT)  Onpile  lapla  am)  do 


in  "Oat.  The  readings  of  the  text, 
which  are  from  D.,  bcem  migram - 
niatical,  *Dail|ieca,  in  the  nam,,  and 
T)ai|Vicai,  in  the  geru 

^Sea-cast  floods.  Tn«Ttb|i«CT:a, 
lit.  "  sea-belched,"  or  "vomited;"  a 
participle.    'Cola,  floocls. 

*  Into  Erinn,  L.  has  i  TTlmiiain, 
**  into  Munster,"  which  is  probably  the 
true  reading. 

*  Thereof:  i.e.,  of  Monster,  if  the 
reading  of  L .  be  adopted.  B.  reads,  ai  fiT) 
in  Oyiinn,  "not  a  point  in  Erinn." 

*  MechilU  B.  reads,  'CîiepţKich 
mac  TyieiTMnll,  "  Tressach,  aon  of 
Meircill.'**    L.  omits  thia  notice  of  the 


plundering  of  Brigobhann,orBrigown, 
and  the  death  of  Trcssach,  a  personage 
who  is  not  mentioned  in  the  Iriah 
Annals. 

^Martini  TTlaTichitl,  L.  TTlaitl- 
rine,  B. 

^Ard  Macha.  L.  reads,  Comatvba 
portxaic  6  Ctuam  Comaivoa  leo : 
"  The  comharba,"  [or  snccessor]  "  of 
Patrick,  from  Cluain  Comharda,  with 
them."  B.  hasComajibaphcTCfvaicc 
o  Cluain  ComafLca. 

7  This  year:  i.e.,  the  same  year  in 
which  Forannan  waa  captnred,  and 
Patrick's  shrine  broken.  D.  reads  |u> 
gab  'Cuţiseif  ,  which  does  not  make 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDBIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


15 


XIII.  After  this  there  came  great  sea-cast  floods*  of  Simuiţa- 
foreigners   into   Eriim,^  so  that   there  was  not  a  point  J^^^î^^*" 
thereoP  without   a   fleet.      It  was   by  these  that  Bri-  vanous 
Gobhann  was  plundered,  and  Tressach,  son  of  Mechill*  M^ter. 
killed.     A  fleet  came  to  Ciarraighe  Luachra,  and  all  was 
plundered  by  them  to  Cili  Ita  and  Cuil  Emhni ;  and  the 
Martini'  of  Mumhain  were   plundered  by  the  fleet  of 
Luimnech,  who  camed  off  Farannan,  Comharba  of  Ard  Farannan, 
Macha,®  from  Cluain  Comairdi  to  Luimneach,  and  they  elliiS^' 
broke  Patrick*s  shrine.  A.D.  845. 

XIV.  It  was  in  this  year^  TurgeivS  was  takcn  prisoner  Turgeîs 
by  Maelsechlainn  :  and  he  was  afterwards  drowned   in  ^^^^  **?^ 
Loch  Uair,'^  viz.,  the  year  before  the  drowniiig  of  Niall  A,D.  845. 
Cailli,  and  the  second  year  before  the   death  of  Fedh- 
limidh,  son  of  Crimhthann ;  and  it  was  in^  the  time  of 

tliese  two  that  all  these  events*^  took  place.  Now,  when 
Turgeis  was  killed,  Fai-amian,  abbot  of  Ard  Macha,  went 
out  of  Mumhain"  [to  Ard  Macha],  and  the  shrine  of 
Patrick  was  repaired'^  by  liim. 

XV.  Now  the  same  year  in  which  Farannan  was  taken  The  battle 
prisoner,*'  the  shrine  of  Patrick  broken,  and  the  churches  ^n^gl^ 
of  Mumhain   plundered,  [the  foreigners]   came   to   Ros 
Creda**  on  the  festival  of  Paul  and  Peter,  when  the  fair 

had  bcgun ;  and  they  were  given  battle,  and  the  foreign- 
ers were  defeated  through  the  grace  of  Paul  and  Peter, 
and  countless  numbers^^  of  them  were  killed  there ;  and 
Earl  Onphile*®  was  struck  there  with  a  stone  by  which 


sense.  The  reading  of  B.  U  sub- 
BtitutedL 

»  Loch  Uatr,    lUoc  Vuai-p,,  B. 

'  And  it  mas  in.  This  clauâe  îb 
omitted  in  L. 

10  Evenis.  11a  gniOThtia'oa,  B. 

11  Oui  of  Mumhain.  \lo  tuaiT»,  B., 
"  to  the  north."  The  words  "  to  Ard 
Macha"  are  inserted  from  L. 

^^Hepaired.  heŢŢay^en^  L.  "Dcnri- 
gnigeaf»,  B, 

1*  Taken  prisoner.  Mo  gabccD,  B. 
Thlfl  repetition  of  the  events  of  the 


year  does  not  occur  in  L.,  where  we 
read  only  "CansaDati  rma  gaiU  co 
Ho^-pcixe  pil  blia-oam  -peo,  "the 
forei^ers  came  to  Roscrea  thU  year." 

1*  Mos  Creda.  Tlo|yqrie,  L.  Hof- 
cţie,  B.,  and  in  Si.  xvii,,  p.  16.  The 
word  gaitU  ia  added  from  L, 

1*  Countless  nutnbers.  Co  "OiaiTfi- 
micî,  lit.  *'  innumerabiliter,"  Co 
hanbail  la-o,  B.,  "they  were  slain 
prodigiously." 

i«  Ottphik,  Oilpn,  B.  Oiî^piTin, 
Keating  (p.  636). 


16 


coscroti  scce'oîiel  Tie  socllcnbti. 


Northmen 
ou  the 
Boyne, 
in  Bregia, 
Meath,  &c. 


A  great 
ileet  lands 
south  of 
Dublin ; 
their  ra- 
vages  in 
Leinster. 


Invasion  of 
the  south 
of  Ireland. 
Munster 
plundered. 


cloic,  co|i  mapb  -oe  e.  TTlop,  «ona,  'oulc  ocuf  "Dim- 
niUT)  puaţicroaii  ocuf .  pţiir  uccuib,  ifna  blicrfenaiB  fin, 
nac  iîimfce|i  erip. 

XVI.  1301110  laţifin  lonjef  cfii  picic  lon^  vo  Hofi- 
maiToaib  pop.  booiiro,  ocuf  po  inpiTJ  bpe^a  leo,  ocup 
ÎTliT)!.  T^anic  longep  [aile]  cop  gab  pop  toc  Gcach,  ocup 
po  hiiipe-D  leopToe  co  hCCp-o  îhaca.  'Came  lon^ep  ele 
cop  ^abpi'oe  pop  abain-o  ti^i,  ocup  po  hinpex)  ÎTlccs 
mOpe^  leo,  eur^ip  ruaic  ocup  cilL 

XVII.  Came  lappin  lon^ep  ODbul  mop  in  "DeixîiupT; 
CCca  Cliar,  ocup  po  hinpeî)  leo  upmop  BpenT) ;  ocup 
po  hinpeT)  leo  am  1  Coluim  Cilii,  ocupimp  TTluipeoc, 
ocup  T)aminip,  ocup  ^enî)  -oa  iaca,  ocup  Login  uli 
co  hOCcu-Dup,  ocup  co  hOCcu'obo,  ocup  co  Lia€  ITlo- 
caerîioc,  ocup  co  T)aipe  mop,  ocup  co  Cluain  ţepra 
triolua,  ocup  co  Hop  Cpe,  ocup  co  Lorpa,  co  po  bpiperap 
pcpin  RuaDan,  ocup  co  po  millpec  Cluain  TTlic  Moip, 
[ocup  co  8ai§ip],  ocup  co  T)upmai5. 

XVIII.  Came  lappin  lon^ep  in  T)epciupc  Bpent)  co 
hinpiper;  Scelle^  TTlicil,  ocup  Imp  ţllainT),  ocup  T)ipepT: 
T)omain,  ocup  Cluain  TTlop,  cop  mapbpa-oap  TlUTOgaile 
mac  CpebcaDi   ocup    Copmac    mac    Selbaig    ancaip. 


1  KiUed.  L.  infierts  here  the  foUow- 
ing  passage,  which  Is  not  found  in 
the  other  MSS.,  ba  sixema  T)'pGp,aîb 
TTluThain  in  civopcuT)  "oaiionpac  ixa 
Polip  ixapecaiunn  aiT>chetieiTne. 
See  Appendix  A.  This  seems  like  a 
marginal  note  inserted  by  the  trans- 
criber  in  the  text 

«  Not  recorded,  The  text  of  B.  is 
here  adopted.  D.  reads,  ip  na  btiax)- 
nait>,  T)oneoc  nac  mnipceyi  ecifu 
L.  differs  from  both.  See  Appendix 
A. 

"  AJUet.  D.  reada,  tong  cţii  picic 
ton^  an  evident  mistakeof  transcrip* 
tion.  The  reading  of  B.  ia  preferred. 
L.  reads,  tongep  a'obul  moţi,  "a 
very  great  fleet,"  without  mentîonîng 
the  number  of  ships. 


<  Anotker,  OCite  ia  added  from  L. 
ele,  B. 

^Loch'Echmfi.  Loch Eachdhach,  B. 
Loch  Netliach,  L.  B.  omits  coti  gab, 
"  settled."    L.  reada,  co|i  jiogaib. 

o  To  Ard  Macha.  L.  adds,  "  and 
Ard  Macha  itself  waa  bumed  and 
plundered  by  them." 

7  And  iettled,  L.  and  B.  omit  cop, 
gabpi-oe.  B.  reads,  ocup  |vo  hin- 
•oyieT)  leo  mag  mb^vegh  uile  ecip 
ceHa  ocup  cuaca:  "AII  Magh  Bregh 
was  plundered  by  them,  both  churchea 
and  countr>'.'*  L.  reads,  **  Magh  Lai- 
ghen  and  Magh  Bregh  were  plundered 
by  them,  both  country  and  churches." 

WerygrtaL  L.  omits  laţipn,  "after 
that,"  and  a-obul  mofi,  "  very  great," 
and  reada  "the  fieet  that  was  with 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


17 


he  was  killed.*  Much,  îndeed,  of  evil  and  distress  did 
tliey  receive,  and  much  was  received  from  them  in  those 
years,  which  is  not  recorded*  at  all. 

XVI.  There  came  after  that  a  fleet'  of  three  score 
shîps  of  the  Northmen  upon  the  Boinn  ;  and  Bregia  and 
Midhe  were  plundered  by  them.  [Another'*]  fleet  came 
and  settled  on  Loch  Echach,*  and  these  plundered  all 
before  them  to  Ard-Macha.^  Another  fleet  came  and 
settled^  on  the  river  of  Lifle,  and  Magh  Bregh  was  plun- 
dered by  them,  both  country  and  churches. 

XVII.  There  came  after  that  a  very  gi*eat®  fleet  into 
the  south^  of  Ath-Cliath,  and  the  greater  part  of  Erinn  was 
plundered  by  them ;  they  plundered,  aLso,  Hi  of  Colum 
Cille,*°  and  Inis  Muireoc,**  and  Damhinis,  and  Glenn  d& 
Locha^  and  the  whole  of  Laighin,  as  far  as  to  Achadh  Ur, 
and  to  Achadh  Bo,  and  to  Liath  Mocaemhoc,'^  and  to 
Daire-m6r,**  and  to  Cluain  Ferta  Molua,  and  to  Ros  Cre, 
and  to  Lothra,  where  they  broke  the  shrine  of  Ruadhan, 
and  they  spoiled  Cluain  Mic  Nois,  [and  as  far  as  Saighir,**] 
and  on  to  Durmhagh. 

XVIII.  There  came  after  that  a  fleet**  into  the  south  of 
Erinn,  and  they  plundered*®  Scellig  Michil,  and  Inia 
Flainn,*^  and  Disert  Domhain,"  and  Cluain  Mor,  and 
they  killed  Rudgaile,**  son  of  Trebtade,  and   Cormac, 


Northmca 
on  the 
BoTne, 
in  Bregis, 
Meath,  &c. 


A  great 
fleet  lands 
Bouth  of 
Dublin ; 
their  ra- 
ragea  in 
Leinater. 


Invaaion  of 
the  eonth 
of  Ireland. 
Manster 
plundered. 


them  went    at  once.'*     Txxnic  nna 
lonseţ"  ba  tia  on'oa'pai'De. 

*  The  touth.  L.  and  B.  omit  ifi'oeţ^ 
auTic. 

10  m  of  Colum  cuie,  ţii  Colotim 
CiUi,  L.,  B. 

11  Inis  Mwreoc,  A  corrupt  spelling: 
more  correctly  1ni|*  tyiui^i'oais,  L,, 
and  in  modem  spelling,  1niţ«  TTliiiTi- 
ea'oai^i  B. 

^  lAaik  Moeamuhoe*  D.  readSjîTlo- 
tiemoc,  which  ia  evidentiy  a  miatake. 
The  reading  of  L.  and  B.  haa  been 
adopted  in  the  text. 

u  Dairo-m6r.  D.  reads,  co  hOCfiT)- 
moţi:  but  the  reading  of  L.  and  B.  has 


been  substituted,  as  being  evidently 
coirect. 

^^  Saighir,  The  words  ocuţ*  co 
8ai5if\  are  added  from  L.  and  B. 

«  Fleet,  L.  reads  Loi^gei»  o  Luim- 
niuc,  **a  fleet  from  Limerick.** 

i«P/wmfereA  5^ţi  Tnitl|*ecuti 
ocu-pguii,  iTTDtxacatv,  B.,"they  spoiled 
and  they  plundered." 

^f  Inis  Fiamn.  InisFaithlend,L.,B.: 
now  Inisfallen,  in  the  Lower  Lake  of 
Killamey. 

1^  Disert  Domhain,  Disert  Don- 
nain,  L.     Disert  Damhain,  B. 

^9  Rudffaile,  L.  reads,  "Rndgaile, 
son  of  Trebhtaidhe,  and  Cormac,  son 
of  Selbach,  the  anchorite.** 

•c 


18 


co^croti  Bcce'oliel  ne  ţccUxnbtî. 


Battle  of 

Corca 
Laighe. 

The  fleet  of 

Dublin 

plunders 

Kildare, 

Clonenagh, 


The  Black 
Gcntiles 
contend 
with  the 
Fair  Gen- 
tiles,  A.D. 
851. 


ocuf  if  'DOfi'oe  ţio  ofloic  anţeat  po  z^ţii  octif  jiof 
cen^laf  cac  uaiţi.  Ocuf  ţio  tiinfier),  "Dna,  teo  Coţicac, 
ocuţ^  ţio  lofceT)  Rof  CCilirţii,  ocuf  Ceiro  TTlafia,  ocup 
UfiTnojx  muman,  ocuf  [ruccfcn:  Ulurîia  ÎTle-Bonac  coi 
'DoiB]  |io  cuţieT)  a  nap  ic  CC\vo  peaţicroai^.  'Cucfor, 
•ona,  7)61^06111;  Ofieiro  cerc  'ooibfi'OG,  ocuf  T)onc(rD  mac 
CCTYial^oDa  \i^'s  Oo^aiDabc  ua  Meiu,  ocuf  'Ofiocaip  Clocna 
ţiî^  Coficalaigi  leo  airo. 

XIX.  Ho  hinjie-D  leo,  'ona,  Cell  Daţia,  ocuf  CLuain 
GDTieach,  ocuf  CeriT)  On^,  ocuf  Cell  OCceT)  la  lon^ef 
OCra  Cil  ac  pof ;  ocuf  fio  ro^laT)  "Dun  ÎTlafc  .i.  vn  in 
T)fiocaip,  CCe-D  mac  T)uib'Dac|iic,  comaţiba  Coltum  mic 
CfiimcainT)  ocuf  pn-ouam  Cluana  ODnig.  Ocuf  fio 
hinfieT)  leo,  "ona,  Cenannuf,  ocuf  TTlanifnfi  Oun,  ocuf 
T)amliac  Cianan,  ocuf  Soţi-o  Coluim  Cilii,  ocuf  pinD- 
glaf  Cainni^;  ocuf  po  lofce-o  fin  «li  leo  ocuf  po 
hinpiT:. 

XX.  'CancoDap  lapf in  Duib^einci  ^Oanap-oa,  ocup  po 
laepec  -po  ©pin*©,  ocup  "oa  ba^ap  ic  'oiuctip  na  pnT)- 
genci  a  hGpinî),  ocup  cucpac  cac,  ocup  "oo  mapbpac  .u. 
mili  -Dono  pn^ennb  ic  8nam  Op^Da.  'Came  lappin 
lon^ep  ele  po  ^ab  iCiappagi,  ocup  po  hinpe'o  leo  co 
Lumnec,  ocup  Cell  Ici,  ocup  Imleac  Ibaip,  ocup  Cappel 


^The  anchorile.  OCtictiotia,  L., 
CCtigcaiTve  naem,  B.,  "the  holy  an- 
chorite." 

8  Every  time,    ţac  lae,  B.,  "every 

day."  L.  reads,  Ţia  ho-ptcnc  afiget 
ţx)  T)i,  ocup  |vop cert^laicip  na  sailt 
ca6  TIU  ai  ţii:  "The  angel  set  him 
loose  twice,  and  the  foreigners  used  to 
bind  him  every  time." 

»  Thesf  humed,  Loi-pseT)  teo,  B., 
"  waB  bumed  by  them." 

^  Cenn  Afara.   L.  adda,  ocupOCcoCD. 

^  Mumha  Medhonach  .*  i.e.,  the  men 
of  Middle  Mnnster.  The  words  within 
brackets  in  the  text  are  inserted  f  rom 
B. 

*  Ard  Ftradaigh,  B.  reads.  Cam 
Fearadaigh^  which  ia  also  the  reading 


of  the  Foiir  M.  L.  haâ  CCţiT)  Peţvcai 
Ardfert 

Tfnder,  D.  read8,octip'OoiincaT>, 
"  and  Donnchad."  The  reading  of  B. 
is  preferred. 

8  Ua  Neit,  An  error  for  ti  a  M  eic,  or 
Ua  TiOochacb  (see  p.  137).  b-necac, 
L.  Ocup  "U  a  îl Ccbacb,  B.,  "and  of  Ua 
nEchach.^  The  word  and  is  a  mistake. 
The  meaning  îs,  that  Donnchadh,  son  of 
Amhalghaidh  [j^ron.  Awley]  was  king 
of  the  Eoghanacht  Ua  nEochach,  that 
is  of  those  Eoghanachts,  or  descendants 
of  Eoghan  Mor  (son  of  Oilioll  Olum, 
king  of  Munster,)  who  were  alao  de- 
scendants of  Eochaidh,  son  of  Cas, 
8on  of  Corc,  king  of  Mnnater.  See 
Gen.  Table,  IV.,  p.  248,  and  Table  of 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


19 


son  of  Selbach,  the  anchorite,*  and  he  it  waa  whom  the 
angel  set  loose  three  times,  tiiough  he  waa  bound  again 
every  time.'  Moreover,  Corcach  waa  plimdered  by  them, 
and  they  bumed»  Ros  Ailitbri  and  Cenn  Mw»,*  and  tiie 
greater  part  of  Mumhan ;  but  [the  Mumha  Medhonach^ 
gave  them  battie  and]  their  slaughter  waa  completed  at 
Aid  FeradaigL^  The  south  of  Erinn  also  gave  them  battie  Battie  of 
under^  Donnchadh,  son  of  Amhalgaidh,  king  of  the  Eogan-  ^^^ 
acht  Ua  Neit,^  and  Clochna,'  king  of  Corca  Laighe,  waa 
killed  by  them  there. 

XIX.  Cell  Dara,  also,  and  Cluain  Eidhneach,  and  Cenn  The  fleet  of 
Etigh,  and  Cell  Ached  were  plundered  by  them,  that  is,  2^^  * 
by  the  fleet  of  Ath  Cliath ;  and  Dun  Mase  waa  demolished,  Kiiâm, 
where  feU  Aedh,  son  of  Dubh-dar-Crich,  Comharba  of  ^T*™*^ 
Colnm  Mac  Crimhthainn,  and  of  Finntan  of  Cluain  £d- 
neacL    They  also^^  plundered  Cennannas,  and  Mamis- 
ter-Buite,  and  Damhliac-Cianan,  and  Sord-Coluim-Cille 
and  Finnghlas-Cainnigh ;  and  all  these  were  bumed  by 
them  and  plundered. 

XX  There  came  afber  this  Black-gentile  Danars,  and  The  Bkck 
they  spread^  *  themselves  over  Erinn,  and  they  endeavoured  ^^^J 
to  diive  the  Fair-gentiles  out  of  Erinn ;  and  they  enga^d^'  with  the 
in  battie,  and  they  killed  fiye  thousand  of  the  Fair-gentiles  ^  ^' 
at  Snamh  Ergda*'.    Afber  that  another  fleet  came  and  851. 
landed  in  Ciarraighe,^^  and  all  was  plundered  by  them  to 
Luimnech,  and  Cill-Ita;  and  Imleach-Ibhair,  and  Caisei 


the  DeMendânts  of  OflioIlOliim,  BatOe 
o/Ma^  JUuk,  p.  841.  L.  adda,  .i. 
acCoTUxng  tvo  fnai^bcro:  **Tis.,  it 
mm  At  Corcach  he  wbs  kUled.** 

*Chd^ma.  L.  omite  aU  notioe  of 
the  deeth  of  Clochna. 

^Abo.  For  the  expletive  î>na,  B. 
nade,  deno,  "in  like  maimer."  L. 
omite  the  mention  of  Fimitan  of  Cluain 
Edneach,  and  aU  that  foUows,  asfar  as 
the  wofd  C«ncmnii|^,  andinateadreada, 
HacfccD  leo  imTnnincafi  ocup  fia- 
piCL ocioi)fi|ucit>  ftiaf*lxnâci 


penri  octif  iff®^  ""*  puoiTi.    Ra 

ia  tongeţ*  ofta  ctio*  ocaj* 

niaini|nYV  bttT:i,  etc.  Some  worda 
are  illegible.    See  Appendix  A. 

"  Spread.    Ro  leoDtacoTi,  B. 

^^Enffoged,  'Cnocfoc  pein  ca6  î>a 
ceite,  B.,  *'the7  engaged  in  hattle 
with  each  other.** 

1*  Snamh  Ergda,  Snamh  Oengnia, 
B.  Snamh  Eidhneach,  Fonr  H.  (A.D. 
850).  Snamh  Aidhneach,  Ann.  Uit 
(A.D.  851).    .Snom  OCisned,  L. 

^«(Sarra^Ae.  B.  readi  Txnnic  larv- 

c2 


20 


coscToti  scce-otiel  ne  saUccibti. 


VarioQfl 
defeats 
flustaiiied 
bj  the 
foreignen. 


Battleof 
Sdath 
NechUin, 
A.D.  847. 


Sev«nl 
otherde- 
featf  tiu- 
tainedbj 

UlttDa 


Tia  fiig,  octif  aifiepro  CeCqunsi,  octif  Lia6  TTlocaetnoc. 
1  fiemif  peDlemeDa  mic  Ctiitn€aiiTO  "oo  ţionoiu  ub  na 
haţigni  fin. 

XXI.  TTla|i,  'DTia,  vo  'Bucro  [octif  "oo  'oo^afi]  ptiafurDoii 
Pfifin  fiemif  fin.  Ho  bţiifeDaţi  am  Cenel  Conaill  ccri5 
fOffCo  ic  CCef  Rtioiu  *0a  bfifetxiţi  T)ail  Caiff  cofi 
ele  ţofijm  poţi  Lo€  TJeifcoeifc.  T)a  bţiifetnif  Ua  I4eill 
ca€  ele  ic  CCfO  byiecan.  Ro  mafbfcrcaţi,  «ona,  U  Chol- 
gan  Saxtilb  laţila.  T)o  ţwxin  Olcubuţi  mac  CineDa  ţiîg 
Coffil,  octif  Lofcan  mac  Cellaij  fî  La^en  ca€  8cei6 
Mefoain  poţifti,  vu  i  T)îiocai|i  ranaiffi  fi  LpclanT),  ocuf 
•Da  cex;  "oec  vo  mai€ib  LoclanT)  umi.  Ho  C05U115,  vna, 
Olcubtif  c6ma  1  73111015  na  Hijna  foprhu,  'oti  1  vjuy- 
caif  fofiai'Di ;  ocuf  fo  mafb  te€  Tnoga  tili  iac 

XXII.  Ho  bfif  rfa  Tnaelfeclainn  fî  'CemfaS  ca6 
Caflen  ^înni  fOffCti,  'oti  1  T)focfaDaf  .un.  cer.  Ho 
bfif,  "Dna,  X^igefnag  ca€  [fopfa]  ic  T)ai|ii  Thfiofc 
*Oaconna,  "ou  1  'Ofocfacaf  .u.  cec  Ho  bf if,  -ona,  Otcti- 
btif  cema,  ocuf  Gojanacr;  Caffil  ca€  fofcu  ic  *Otin 
Tnaelruli'  T)ti  1  "OfocfaDaţi  -oa  pcex:  '06c.  "Ofocţuroaf, 
•Dna,  z\t\  cez  .tx.tiiii.   ta  pn'D5ent:i.     ^OfocfODOf  -oa 


fin  tongef  ele  suji  gaS  bi  cCiccţv- 
ficnţe:  "After  that  came  another 
fleet,  and  landed  in  Giamughe.** 

1  Moeoemkoc  IDonaemoc,  D.  The 
Teading  of  L.  and  B.  la  prefened.  See 
p.  17,  note  12. 

*  In  the  rtign.  B.  nadi,  ocuf  if 
tie  tveimif  f  ei'otimi'o  mic  Ci^iorh- 
tayxvo  TK)  ţumca  uite  na  ţogla  fin : 
**  And  it  was  in  the  reign  of  Fddhli- 
midh,  8on  of  Criomhthann,  that  all 
these  inioadB  irere  made."  L.  has,  in 
cnnifi|\f eiT)timiT)  micCtiimchoinn 
THX  fiononT;  na  huile  fin  :  '*  In  the 
time  of  Feidhlimidh,  son  of  Crimh- 
thann,  these  evlls  weie  committed." 

•  Aitd  damags.  The  woids  ociif  tk) 
•Dodop.  are  inserted  from  B.,  wMch  MS. 
leadB  also  jmocţvocaţi  pţi  Cyionn 


ţttif  an  fie  fin,  '*did  the  men  of 
Irdand  suffer  dnring  that  time."  The 
text,  on  the  oontruy,  statee  that  the 
foreignen  soffered  toii  and  damage; 
and  proceeds  to  describe  the  defeats 
sostalned  by  them. 

<  Earl  SaxtUb,  Raalb  lOfila,  L., 
'«EarlBalph.** 

^Seir.  In  the  original  conoiţ^ 
or  ToMtL  The  Fonr  M.  name  him 
Tomrar^  or  Tomkrair  (A.D.  846). 
Domrair,  Ann.  Uit  (A.D.  847). 
B.  omits  TKX  C0C  «oec  w)  maitib 
Loilonn,  *'twelve  hnndred  of  the 
nobles  of  Lochlann ;"  bnt  these  irorda 
occnr  in  the  Fonr  M.  In  the  next  lina 
B.  reads  incOlcoborv  cecna,  irhich 
seems  more  oorrect,  altiiongh  the  mean- 
ing  is  the  same. 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


21 


of  ihe  Eings,  and  the  eaateni  Cethtraighi;  and  Idath 
Moooemhoa^  It  was  in  the  reign^  of  Feidlimidh,  son  of 
Crunhthann,  that  all  these  ravages  were  perpetrated 

XXI.  Much  of  toii   [and  damage^]   did  they  suffer  Yariona 
during  that  period.    The  Cenel  Conaill  defeated  them  in  ^|^|^^ 
a  batUe  at  Eas  Bnaidh.    The  Dai  Cais  defeated  them  by  the 
in  another  battle  on  Loch  Deircdeirc.     The  Ui  Neill '®"'*^°"^ 
defeated  them  in  another  battle  at  Ard  Brecain.    The  Ui 
Colgan  killed  Earl  Saxulb.^     Oldiobhar,  son  of  Cinaedh, 

king  of  Caisei,  and  Lorcan,  son  of  CeUach,  king  of  Laighen, 
defeated  them  in  the  battle  of  Sciath  Nechtain,  where  the  Battle  of 
heir^  of  the  king  of  Lochlainn  fell,  and  twelve  hundred  Kechtafai, 
of  the  nobles  of  Lochlainn  along  with  him.    The  same  A.D.  847. 
Olchobhar  demolished  Tulach-na-£igna^  against  them, 
where  numbers  of  them  were  killed ;  and  Leth  Mogha^ 
killed  all  of  them. 

XXII.  Maelseehlainn,  also,  king  of  Temhar,  defeated  Seveni 
them  in  the  battle  of  Caislen-GHinni,®  where  seven  hundred  J^îu  ^ 
were  killed.    Tighemagh,  too,  defeated  [them]  in  a  battle  tained  by 
at  Daire-Disiiut-Dachonna,^  where  five  hundred*®  felL    *"*" 
The  aforesaid  Olchobhar/*  and  the  Eoghanachts  of  Caisei, 
defeated  them  in  a  battle  at  Dun-Maeltuli,**  where  twelve 
soore*'  felL    There  fell,  also,  three  hundred  and  sixty- 
eight**  by  the  Fair-gentiles.    Two  hundred  of  them  fell 


Tulach-na-Bigiui:**  but  B.  omite  i, 
**iii,**  and  nada,  'OaXjo.t  na  Ri^Oi 
mon  oofnctly. 

f  Leik  Mogha :  Le.,  the  people  of 
LeCh  Moţba.  B.  reada  ţio  map^bcrD 
lUetch  TTIogha  uite  iotd,  **  they  were 
Idlled  in  Leth  Mogha  an  of  them." 

*  Caidm-gUimL  Ccaţ^sLinne,  B. 
ţlaiftiTine,  Keating,  p.  691;  but, 
p.  002,  he  menţiona  alao  a  battle  of 
CaitgKme.  B.  aaya  that  710  were 
aiain  in  thia  battle,  •ou  i  ccop^oiţv 
f*ecc  oo6ro  .X.  Keating  giyea  the 
•ame  nomber;  the  text  ia  aapported 
bjL. 

•  J)ain'I)uimir-J)adioma,  Diaiiirt 
Daooima,  B.    The  woid  within  paien- 


thesea  in  the  text  ia  inaerted  from  B. 
andL. 

u  Fk/e  hmdrtd.  "Oa  poec  .x.  B. 
Keating,  and  Fonr  M.  (A.D.  846), 
^^twelye  acoieb"  "Da  txt  me^  Ann. 
Uit  (A.D.  847)i  ''  twelve  hnndred.** 

uo/cAoMor.  an  c-Ol6o6aTi  oec- 
no,  B. 

^DmMaMIL  Thia  name  ia  omit- 
tedinB.    DunHael,  L. 

u  Twtht  tooftt,  Cmcc  C90,  B.  L. 
i<  five  hondred ;"  and  the  aame  number 
ia  giVen,  Fonr  M.,  A.D.  846,  Ann. 
Uit,  A.D.  847. 

M  TWree  hmdred  tmd  tiz^f^ht: 
oodxxttiii,  L.  CeatTUXTi  otp.  c^ii 
ptob  ofv  cpit  oeTMnl)  la  hu  p^ 


22 


cosccDî)  ţcce'Dtiet  ne  socttocibti. 


cer)  "oib  fie  Cianacc  ic  Inif  pumic;  octif  iDţioquroafi, 

t)Tia,  x?[i^  cez  'oib  pof  ţie  Ciatiacca  i  cin'o  mîf  lopfiti  ic 

RdiC  CClran.    Ro  bţiif,  "ona,  ÎTlaelfeclainn  cofi  ele 

poţiiii  IC  RaiC  Comniaiţi.    Ro  bţiifi'oafi,  -ona,  Cioţipoigi 

ttiacfia  ca€  ele  pofiCti. 

Arrivţiof      XXIII.  T!ximc  laţi  fin  OCmloib  [mac]  fii  LofilanT> 

wS^'pro-  ^^r  toîJSGf  crobul  moji  leif  .1.  -oec  tn-blicrona  ofinec 

digions      fnoilfeclainn,  goţi  gab  ţiigi  5<i^^  Gţienx),  octif  if  lei|* 

858/      '  fio  bcrEeD  Concubaţi  tnac  ^Oon^croa  ţiigT>ofniia  'CemîMXc- 

1f  leofi'oe  fio  fioncro  cccfi  Claana  'ooim  poţif  na  'Oefi, 

•DO  1  T)ţu)caiîiT)aîi  mafei  na  *Oefi  ali.    1f  leo  funnapr 

baD  mac  Cin'DpaetaD  ÎI15  THufcţiaigi  bfieogain,  ocuf 

fio  maCoD  THucDaisfien  mac  Reaficabjiaţ;  in  nuoim. 

1f  leo  fio  mafiboD  Caecil  pnT)  lin  a  longpuifu;.    1|* 

leo  fio  maţiboD  ÎTlaelsuala  mac  ^Oungoile  îiîsCofpU 

.1.  a  •Dţitiim  "Da  bţiifeD  im  cloi6.    Cit)  cpa  afc  i'oţioJEpa- 

•oaţi  fin  uiU  pof  ic  ţefiaib  TUtiman  .1.  Ona  ocaf  8colph, 

ocuf  T!x)maîi,  reofia  ocaf  ce^. 

Aiiivai  of       XXIV,  xianic  laţifin  Ofpll  mac  fiig  Loclan'o,  longep 

uTdWeat  ®^®'  ^^r  î^  hinţiet)  uţimoji  GţienT)  leo.    *Oiiocfun>afi 


SeiTinci,  B.,  Le.,  ''  864  by  the  Ui  Fidh- 
geinnti." 

1  Init  FUmic  iniţ»  PinT>niocic,  L. 
Inif  V^'otnec,  B. 

^jRaih  AUtM,  Hont  OC^doiti,  L. 
Tloe  GCllon,  B. 

*  Ten  yeara  after.  Sin  "oecmcro 
bticroatn  ţvenec  TTIaetjpeâUnnn,  L., 
**  in  the  tenth  yeu  hefore  the  death 
of  Madaechlaimi,"  [Le.,  before  863.] 
(TFkJL  Ogyg,  p.  484.  This  seemB  the 
cornet  reading,  and  îs  f ollowed  by  the 
Foiir  ÎL,  851,  and  by  the  Ann.  Uit 
862  (=858).  Theae  Annals  agree 
alao  with  L.  in  caUing  this  chieftain 
mac  t^ig  Lochlcmn,  "aon  of  the  Idng 
of  Lochlainn  ;**not  **ldng  of  Lodiiainn," 
aainB.andD.  SeeAppendizA.,and 
chap.  XXX.,  ii^ra,  whore  the  MSS.  B. 
and  D.  thenuelTes,  caU  thia  Amiaibh, 
"aonof  thekingof  LochlaimL"    llie 


word  tnoc  bas,  therefore,  beea  ineerted 
within  brackete  in  the  text.  Keatin^ 
says  that  Amhlaibh  arriyed  **abont  the 
time  fdien  Oloobhar,  king  of  Mimster, 
died  ;**  an  event  which  the  Fonr  U.  date 
849  (=862). 

^SmofDcmHckad,  TnacCina&DOC» 
B.  nriac  "00111160(60  te^fu  ITli-oe, 
Ann.  Uit  868 ;  Fonr  M.  862. 

*  Cbutm-DaSmk,  ^f  letfin  loA^ef 
fonn  tio  fnemoi'D  oach  olaana 
•Doam,  L.,  *Mt  was  bj  thia  fleet  wae 
gained  the  battle  of  Clnain-daimh,  &c.** 
Ocaf  if  leif  TU)  frunner)  oercb,  7c., 
B. :  **  And  it  was  by  them  was  woa  the 
battle,  &c"  D.  reads  cat  dtimMmi, 
but  for  thÎB,  cat  cUioma  Txnfn  hae 
been  snbstitnted  in  the  text,  ou  the 
authoriţy  of  L.  and  B. 

*  Was  mffocaUd.  For  ţio  miiiocD» 
"was  snffocated,**  (the  reading  of  L. 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


23 


hy  the  Cianachta  at  Inis-Fininic' ;  and  there  fell,  too, 
three  himdred  more  of  them  by  the  Cianachta  in  a  month 
after  that^  at  Bath-Altaa^  Maelsechlainn  gained  another 
victory  over  them  at  Bath-Commair.  The  Cianaighi  Lu- 
achia  also  gained  another  victoiy  over  them. 

XXIII.  After  that  came  Amlaibh,  [son  of]  the  king  of 
Lochlainn,  with  a  prodigions  fleet,  ie.,  ten  years  after^  the 
death  of  Maelflechlainn,  and  he  asaumed  tiie  sovereignty 
of  the  Qaill  of  Erinn ;  and  it  was  by  him  that  Conchobhar, 
son  of  Donnchad,^  heir  apparent  of  Temhair,  waâ  drowned. 
It  was  by  them  the  Deşi  were  overthrown  in  the  battle 
of  duain-Daimh,^  where  all  the  nobles  of  the  Deşi  felL 
It  was  by  them  the  son  of  Cennfaeladh,  king  of  Muscraighe- 
Breoghain,  was  killed,  and  Muchdaighren,  son  of  Beachta- 
brat>  was  suffocated®  in  a  cave.  It  was  by  them  Caetil 
Find^  was  killed,  with  his  whole  garrison.  It  was  by 
^em  Maelguala^  son  of  Dungalle»  king  of  Caisei,  was  killed: 
ie,  his  back  was  broken  by  a  stone.  However,  they  were 
all  killed  by  the  men  of  Mumhain,^  ie.,  Ona,  and  Scolph, 
and  Tomar,  an  hundred  and  three.^ 

XXIV.  There  came  after  that  Ossill,^®  son  of  the 
king  of  Lochlainn,  with  another  fleet,  and  the  greater 
part  of  Erinn  was  plundered  by  them.    These,  too,  feU  by 


ArrivBl  of 
AmUibh 
with  apro- 
digions 
fleet,  A.D. 
S58. 


Aitiral  of 
OaiilfSnd 
hisdefeat 


and  D.)  B.  nada,  oatŢ  fie  ÎTluti- 
dicroh  mac  TTlii6tns9T^n  mic  Hea- 
€xa!6f\ia.  i  Tnathom:  meanixig  that 
Onnfaeladh  was  kflled  by  the  Loch* 
laimu,  **aiid  bj  Murchadh,  eon  of 
Mnchtîi^ienil^  son  of  Beachtabra,  in 
Mnniter.'*  Over  the  woida  i  mu- 
fhCDfi,  ^in  Mmuter,"  a  later  hand  haa 
written  «el  m  «cofh,  **  or  in  a  cave.** 
The  text  ia  nndoubtedlf  the  tnieiead* 
ing.  L.  has  tM(  mticcro  TT)  ud^igeTin 
[mac]  RedcabfutD  in  «aim.  See 
AxfptooSoL  Am 

^CaM  Fmd,  Coftat  PitiT),  B. 
Conti  Pmi),  L. 

^Mm  of  Mumkam.      Ra   PT^ii 


hCtienn,  ocnţ»  na  coefiig  |w>,  L. : 
**  Bjr  the  men  of  Erinn,  and  also  their 
leaden,"  [i.e.,  their  leaders  also  were 
dflstroyed  hy  the  men  of  Erinn]. 

*  An  hundred  and  three.  Thenames 
of  the  leaden  are  omitted  by  B.  L. 
readfl  .gcotph,  octi|»  Ono,  ocuf  txwn- 
Tioiţv,  OCHI"  XJuxiexfj  7c.  It  aeems 
probable  that  7c.,  "et  oetera,"  and7.c., 
^^  and  one  hnndred,"  were  in  aome  way 
confonnded,  and  the  name  of  one  of  the 
chieftains  miataken  for  ceofux,  **  three.** 

^OstiU.  Oifti,  L.  GCniflcAmL 
Uit  A.D.  862, 866.  Uailp,  FonrM. 
A.D.861.  Perhapa  the  name  ia  FoiU; 
Faidui,  OI  Flomu, 


24 


cosoroîi  scce^otiel  ne  sccUxnbti. 


Ck>lpliin 
and  the 
fleetof  Don 
Medhoin 
deBtroyed. 

Earl 

Baethbarr 

drowned. 


BatUe  of 
LochFoyle, 
A.D.  86e. 

Ldnster 
and  Mim- 
Bter  plan- 
deredby 
Baraidand 
AjDhdTs 
son,  with 
the  Dublin 
fleet 


fin  pof  la  peţuxib  ejienu  T>ţu)€aifi,  om,  inx^Ofil 
ocuf  .a.  cer)  leif  ic  pe|iaib  Gţien'o  i  THumoin  in  oen 
Io.  1f  ifin  blicroain  i  "Ofiocaiţi  Col^n  ocuf  lonjef 
*Oani  THeDOin  i  Cini)  CtniTung.  Ro  baf  ica  inafibcn)  o 
Cin-D  Cufiţiois  co  Lif  THoţi,  ocuf  do  T)fiocfi(n)aîi  focaiDi 
•oib  .1.  la  Recrabţicrc  mac  bţioin.  *0a  cuaiD,  Dna, 
baetbafiţi  laţila  ocaf  fofiaiDi  Don  lufo  moDnia  leif  co 
CC€  Cliac.  laţifin  fio  boteD  ic  CC€  Clia€  qfie  mîfibâiliD 
Ciaţian  ocuf  CCe^a  8cannail  ipofi  a  ţiabaoaţi  ic  pofi- 
baifp.  Iif  îfin  blioDain  i  Dfiocaiîi  Txwntiţi  laţila  la 
bţienainD,  i  cinD  rjii  la  afinafisain  Cluana  ţeţuca  Da 
1f  ifin  bliaoain  yio  bţiif  (DCeD  pnDliafi  mac  Neill 
ca6  pofiCu  IC  Loc  pebail,  du  i  DfoSaiîiDaţi  Da  cei;  Deg 
cenD  in  oen  mat)  Dibj  ocuf  ţitic  a  nuili  înmaif  ocuf 
a  feoDU. 

XXV.  Ro  hinfiit;,  Dna,  lâ  bafUotiD  octif  la  mac  OCm- 
laib  tapn  ocuf  pifi  TU  uman  la  longef  CCta  Cliac 
coţuiua&aDaji  Ciafiaisi,  gunaţi  paqpau  uaim  ţx)  €almain 
anD  gan  Tjacailt;,  ocuf  niji  pacfoc  nî  o  LumneiS  co 
Coţicaig  can  înţieD,  ocuf  fio  loîxjfet;  Imlec  Ibaifi,  ocuf 
ţio  hintMfec  na  T)efi  Deifciu|it;.  Ro  înţiiDaţi,  Dna,  in 
Iuct;  ce'cna  va  bliaDain  fiemifin  ÎTIidi  ocuf  Conna€ixi, 
co  fiancaDaţi  CoţicumfiuaD  ocuf  Leim  ConfiulainD.  "Diu)- 


1  Tkit  OstiU.  B.  leadB,  ocuf  cotv- 
doiţv  in  zO\Ţ\\Z  le  ţ:et\Gcib  TTlii- 
ihonn,  octij*  cmcc  (»d  teij»  i  tiaen 
Io:  *'And  thiBOamUfell  bythemen 
of  Mnnater,  and  600  with  him  in  one 
day.**  L.  leads  alao,  te  ţeţunb  TTIti- 
tfioiTit  ^^by  the  men  of  Mnnster/*  bat 
omită  *^  and  600  hondied  with  him  in 
one  day." 

*Colpkm.  Perhaps  CMJln,  This 
name  does  not  occor  in  the  Annala. 

•  WoB  caUimed.  LiteraUy,  *'they 
were  in  their  being  killed,  from  Cenn 
Comigh  to  Lia-mor.** 

^Earl  Baelhbarr.  B.  calls  him 
bcrobaTiţi,  '^Badbair,"  omitting  the 
titie  of  loTila,  or  Ead. 


'  Was  droumăd.  B.  reada,  ocof  fu> 
boi'DeorD  locc  ooc  0C6  Clia6t  qr^ 
miofibailibh  Ciaiiciin  oca|«  CCeM 
octtf  dooamxnt:  "And  thay  were 
drowned  at  Ath  Cliath,  by  the  miiadei 
of  Ciann  and  Aedh  and  SgandalL** 

0  Twehe  kmdred  heada.  Da  cer» 
■Deg  ifi  aen  lonoro,  B.,  "twelv« 
hondied  in  one  epot"  "Oa  pcic,  L., 
"  two  Booie,**  bat  the  'worda  foilowing 
are  illegible  m  this  MS.  Keating 
haa,  50  ucn^  oeatţmÂcro  ceann 
i^aoifiţ  T>iob  letţN  loqri  moqfUxro  tkx 
£eT>  aţi  mite  to6tonna6  oite  tm: 
"  Forty  heada  of  their  chieftains  were 
borne  off  by  him,  after  he  had'killed 
1,200  otherLochlahins.**  TheFoarM. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


25 


ihe  men  of  Eriim ;  aud  this  Ossill/  with  five  himdred 
meu  along  -with  him,  fell  by  ihe  men  of  Erînn  in  Mmnhain 
in  one  day.  It  was  in  that  yeax  that  Colphin,*  and  the 
fleet  of  Ihm  Medhoin,  were  destroyed  at  Cenn  Curraig. 
And  the  slaiighter  of  ihem  was  oontinued'  from  Cenn 
Cunaig  to  lis-Mor,  and  nimibers  of  them  were  killed  by 
Rechtabiat,  son  of  Bran.  The  Earl  Baethbarr/  however, 
escaped  with  many  of  the  defeated  party  to  Ath  CIiath« 
Aflerwards  he  was  drowned^  at  Ath  Cliath,  through  the 
miiades  of  Ciaran,  aud  Aedh  Scamuul,  whom  they  were 
besieging.  Itwas  in  that  year  that  Earl  Tomar  was  killed 
by  St  Brendan,  three  days  afîber  he  had  plmidered  Cluain 
Ferta.  It  was  in  that  year  that  Aedh  Finnliath,  son  of 
Niall,  gained  a  battle  over  them  at  Lodi  Febhail,  where 
ihere  fell  twelve  hundred  heads^  of  them  in  one  spot;  and 
aJl  their  wealth  and  all  their  jewels  were  taken. 

XXV.  ThenLaighen  and  the  men  of  Mmnhain  were  plim- 
dered  by  Bamid/  and  Amlaibh's  son,  with  the  fleet  of  Ath 
Cliath,^  mitil  they  reached  Ciamaighe^ ;  and  they  lefb  not 
a  cave  there  imder  groimd  that  they  did  not  explore^^ ;  and 
they  left  nothing  fix>m  Ltumnech  to  Corcach  that  they  did 
not  ravage.  And  they  bmned^^  Imleach  Ibhair,  and  they 
ravaged  the  southem  Deşi.  The  same  party,  two  years 
before/^  had  ravaged  Midhe  and  Connacht,  imtil  they  came 


Colphln 
and  the 
fleet  of  Don 
Medhoîn 
destroyed. 

Eari 

BaethbaiT 

drowned. 


BatUe  of 
LochFoyle, 
A.D.  866. 

Leinster 
andMon- 
Bter  plan- 
dered  by 
Baraid  and 
AmlafTs 
Bon,  with 
the  Dublin 
fleet 


aay  '*twelye  soore  heada,"  A.D.  864. 
Ann.  Uit  865. 

^  BaraUL  boTiich,  L.  t)aitiTiic, 
B.  batiit,  Ann.  Uit  (A.D.  880). 
baţunt;,  Fonr  ÎL  (A.D.  878). 

•  WWi  tkeJieeL  Uo  lonsefi  D., 
a  mutake  of  timnacription,  for  which 
ta  tonseţ*,  the  reading  of  B.  and  L., 
has  been  eabetitated.  L.  haa  rimply, 
'*Laigbin  and  the  men  of  Mnmhain 
were  plondeied  by  the  fleet  of  Mac 
Amhlaibh:"  inatead  of  ''the  fleet  of 
Ath  Cliath,"  and  withont  any  mention 
of  Bănit  in  this  plaoe. 

^darraigke,  Cictp.ficn5etiia6TiaB. 

^£a^phn.  Lit  ''withoutezphning 


it**  Corn  celac,  L./*  withont  ezplor- 
"^g'"  ţctn  lOYiţuTD  ocd-p  gem  co- 
chonlc,  B.,  "without  «^iitwţiîng  «nd 
withont  exploiing." 

u  Th^  bmited,  B.  nads,  gon  m- 
îJT^eo  ocnf  Bcm  toyxxxro;  ocaf  jio 
hotŢocpcfc  Imleaâ  lubcnfi,  ocnf 
TM)  onţvocpoc  na  'Oeip  i>6i'p»fvc : 
''  They  left  nothing  from  Limerick  to 
Goik  that  they  did  not  lETage  and 
bum :  and  they  bnmed  Imleach  Ibhair, 
and  spoiled  the  sonthem  DeisL**  Ha 
•oep  T)ept|u;  -oe  nnnji,  L.,  "the 
southem  Deisi  from  the  sea.** 

^  Two  ywr$  hrfort.  Omitted  in  L. 
D.  zeads,  Xxit  for  ta6c 


26 


coscrot)  ţcce'otiel  ne  saUccibti. 


A  oeoatioii 
ofinTuioiis 
for  forty 
yean, 
ending 
A.D.  91& 


Haoonand 

G068UlAni 

takeWcr 
terfordi 

Defeated 

bythe 

CiamJgfae. 


cat|VDq[i  fin  pof  la  ţefiaib  ©fieriT).  Ro  ctifieD  lOfitini  dfi 
cqfi  tnac  Rasnaill  ociif  aţi  ^attcnb,  la  h-OCet)  tnac  Hei  11 
IC  in  pleiT)  vo  jvoncco  t)0  mac  Hognaill  CC€a  Cliafe  Ro 
ctiinfeT;  pein  cab  eTxxţifio  .1.  pn-ogeinm  ocaf  *0tib5eint;i, 
.1.  OoţiiC  ocaf  mac  Ra^aill  •ou  1  •opocaifi  mac  Rag- 
noill  ocaf  fi[)6aiT)i  ami,  ocaf  ţio  ţonax»  hajtit  on-o. 
Ocaf  fo  fOfifac  cafi  ţoţi  pepaib  OClban,  'oa  i'opoconţi 
Confcannn  mac  CinoDa  aifiT)iii  OClban  ocaf  focaiT)i 
ami.  1f  ariT)  fin  "oa  muig  in  rxxlam  po  ţeţuiib  GClbon. 
XXVI.  bai,  imoţifo,  aţiali  camfana  T)efiaib  Oţienri 
fţii  ţie  .xU  bliaî>an  can  infeD  gali  .1.  o  ţiemif  tnael- 
fe6lainn  mic  fnailţiaanai'D  cafin  mblioiKnn  ţie  nec 
piainT)  mic  ÎTlailfeclainT),  ocaf  co  ţabail  figi  do  Hiall 
Jltin'oab.  1f  onT)  fin  ţio  hacUnax)  Gţiia  vo  longpb 
galU  1f  anD  T)na  Txmic  longef  la  h  acont)  ocaf  la 
CoţTpa  Maţia  coţigabfac  aţi  I06  *Oacaech  ocaf  coţi 
hinţieT)  THumain  leo.  Ro  bţiifeDaţi,  Dna,  Ciaiţip  ca€ 
pof^,  DO  iDţiocaiţi  'Comaf  CinD  Cţiei».  Ro  bţiifeDoţi, 
Dna,  Ha  pafiaig  ocaf  O  Oenjafa  ca€  ele  poţifia.  Ro 
bţiifiDaţi  Connatea  Dna,  poţi  longep  tamniţ  ca6  ele- 


^  Tl^ese  wte  ako,  "Da  ţiodiurDaţi 
pom  mie  beop ,  I*,  "  all  these  were 
kffled  together." 

s  Wtrt  Mhuffhiered.  Ut  **s  daiigfater 
WBs  put  npon  RagmJl's  son,  &c.** 
CCfi  moTi,  B.,  "a  great  dangbter." 
L.  adds  oc  CCchclicccti,  "  at  Ath 
Cliath,"  L&,  Dublin. 

•AedhyionofNialL  L.naâB,'*Aed 
Finnliath  Mao  Neill:**  but  B.  haa  la 
htte*  ua  MeiU,  "  by  Aedh  CNeill," 
which  ÎB  dearly  wrong. 

«  Qf  Ath  CSaA.  in  GCchclioch, 
L., 'UtAthCliath." 

*  BarUh,  The  same  persan  who  is 
eaUed  Baraid^  at  the  beginning  of  this 
chapter,  and  idio  appean  to  have  been 
the  Cknnmander  of  the  Fair  Gentiles, 
as  Bagnall^a  son  was  of  the  Black 
Geatfles. 

•  Wamded.      L.  adds,   ocof  ba 


bocad  p.iaifi  lappain  he,  **and  ha 
was  lame  ever  after  that."  gn|\  ba 
bacad  lofiarfi  "oa  eife,  B.,  "  so  that 
he  was  lame  ever  after." 

^A  btttOe,  L.  reads  ''The  black 
Gentiles  after  this  were  driven  ont  of 
Erinn,  and  went  to  Alba  (Scodand) 
where  they  gained  a  battie  over  the 
Vien  of  Alba,  in  which  wece  slain  Con- 
stantine, son  of  Cinaedh,  cfaief  king  of 
Alba,  and  a  great  many  with  him.** 
See  the  original,  App.  A*  B.  omits 
the  clause,  "in  idiîch  fell  Constantine, 
&c,  and  many  with  him.** 

«  Under  tke  meu.  po  toroib  i»|i 
fiOClboin,  B.,  "under  the  leetof  the 
men  of  Alba." 

'  Fartjf  ffear».  Then  is  probably  m 
mistake  în  this  nnmber.  See  IntnH 
dnctlon. 

^Uocom.   ThisisthexwdingofL. 


>.>^ 


WAB8  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


27 


to  Corcaiiimadii  and  Leim-ConchulamiL  These  were  aJso^ 
kiUed  by  the  men  of  EriTiTi.  Afber  this  Bagnall's  son 
and  the  foreigneiB  were  slaughtered^  by  Aedh,  son  of  Niall,^ 
at  the  banquet  that  was  made  for  Bagnall's  son  of  Ath 
Cliath.^  A  batUe  vas  fought  between  themselves,  viz., 
between  the  Fair  Qentiles  and  the  Bladc  Gentiles,  that  is 
to  say,  between  Barith^  and  Bagnall's  son,  in  which  fell 
Bagnall's  son  and  many  with  him;  but  Barith  was 
wounded^  there.  And  they  gained  a  battle^  over  the 
men  of  Alba,  wherein  fell  Constantine,  son  of  Cinaeth, 
chief  king  of  Alba»  and  many  with  him.  It  was  on  that 
oocasion  that  the  earth  burst  open  imder  the  men®  of  Alba. 
XXVL  Now,  however,  there  was  some  rest  to  the  men 
of  Erinn  for  a  period  of  forty  years,^  without  ravage  of 
the  foreigners:  viz.,  from  the  reign  of  Maelseachlainn,  son 
of  Maelruanaidh,  to  the  year  before  the  death  of  Flann, 
son  of  Maelseachlainn^  and  the  acoession  to  the  throne  of 
loiali  GlundubL  It  was  then  that  Erinn  became  again 
filled  with  the  fleets  of  the  foreigners.  It  was  then  came 
a  fleet  under  Haoonn^^  and  under  Cossa-Nara,^'  and  seized 
on  Loch  da  Caech,  and  Mnmhain  was  plimdered  by  them. 
The  Cianraighe  then  defeated  them  in  a  battle,  where  fell 
Thomas  Cinn  Crete."  The  Ui  Fathaigh,"  also,  and  the 
Ui  Oenghnsa  defeated  them  in  another  battle.  The  men 
of  Connacht  also  gained  another  battle  over  the  fleet  of 


A  ccMitfon 
ofinTaaiom 
for  forty 
yeuB, 
ending 
A.D.  91& 


Haoonand 
CoaBaiuura 
takeWa- 
terford. 

Defetted 
bj  the 
Cianaighe. 


aud  B.  which  bas  been  adopted,  inatead 
of  Omd,  the  reading  of  D. 

u  GMfo-JVoro.  CofomoriT^}  B. 
Tha  Annab,  althoogh  they  notioe  this 
inyaaloii  of  Loch  da  Chaech,  «r  Water- 
lo(d  haibotur,  do  not  give  the  names 
of  the  leadnn. 

^ThomMdimCnU.  Dr.  0*Dono- 
Tan  soggesta,  that  Gemi  Crede  may  be 
the  place  caDed  OndKm  headt  barony 
of  Gidtier,  east  of  oounty  Watecf ord, 
where  the  Danes  had  a  settlement; 
and  that  Thomas  of  Cenn  Crete  was 
a  Dana  d  that  plaoe,  who  aeenis  firam 


his  name  to  haye  been  a  Ohristian.  B. 
omits  the  whole  passage^  Ro  bfii|*e- 
T)ap.  tma  Cictiţigi  [bo  in  D.»  bat  nad 
Ciccp.funse]  ca6  \xffttu^  71^,  to  O 
Oenpifa  cat  ele  ţofitu,  îndnsiTe; 
snbetitatiDg  only  "Oa  ^ifeccofi 
tia6(r6  cat  ţoţvîux,  which  is  evidently 
wrong. 

u  Ui  FaOtmgh.  The  hihabitants  of 
I£Ea  and  Oflfa,  connty  Tippenuy.  The 
Ui  Oenghnsa  were  the  descendente  of 
Oenghns  Mac  Nadinddh,  Ung  of  Mnn- 
ster,  who  was  kîlled  A.D.  469  (Fonr 
H,  where  see  Dr.  0*Donoyan*s  note). 


28 


coţoroti  scce'otiel  ne  saUxnbti. 


The  fleet  of 
Dublin 
under  the 
childnn  of 
Ivor. 


SyachrDn- 
ionaof  the 


war. 


Thefo- 
reîgnen 
inTade 
Sootknd. 


Ro  bfiifeDaii  vna  Cmţicngt  ocuf  Coţvctitiaiţxîin  ca6  ele 
pop-titi  IC  Lemain,  'du  i^oţioficnţi  HoIt;  puTHiţiilU  octir 
rţii  cec  ami,  ocof  TUtiţiailL 

XXVII.  'Came  laţifin  ţiig  lonjef  crobul  tnoji  clainni 
Imaifi  înnCCi  CLia€ ;  ocuf  yio  hinfie^  Ujitnoji  ©iieiro  uLi 
leo,  ocuf  fio  locet)  leo  am  CCp.'OTnaSa ;  ocuf  yio  bţiifiTKiţi 
ca€  po|i  IplanT)  mac  tnailfeclainn  'oti  i  'Dţiofiaiîi  CCe^ 
mac  Concubaifi,  octif  tetigur  mac  Cfiofiecan  epţxx)p 
Cilii  *Oafia,  ocuf  ^OoticoD  mac  TTlail'Dtiin  abb  ^Oelga; 
1.  in  blioDain  ţio  maţiboo  TYlailfeclainn  if  i  blicroaiti ; 
ocof  fio  hanigeT)  ocuf  ţio  lofceD  taef  TTloii  la  mac 
Imaiţi,  ocHf  fio  haifi^ex)  Cluain  Uama;  ocuf  ţio  maţi- 
boD  peţigal  mac  ţSnacra  epţxîop  ocof  abb  Cluana, 
ocuf  Uanan  mac  Ceţiin  in  fecnop.  1f  fî  fin  pof 
blioDain  ap  mapbax)  "DonnEaD  mac  TDuibDaBopenT)  pî 
Capfil,  ocup  8icpiuc  pî  gali,  ocup  -oa  ponpac  ipjala 
imT)a  ele  pe  laignib  ipin  blia^ain.  Ceipi  blioona 
lappin  po  pacpax;  gaill  Opinai  ocup  loccap  in  OClbain 
im  Sirpiuc  mac  Imap 


^  Corcdbhaucmnj  now  CarJsovoBein. 
A  people  în  Thomond,  aouth-west  of 
theoounty  ClAie.  Lembain  [pron. 
Xeoon]  or  Lanne,  is  a  river  falling  into 
theLowerLakeof  Killainey.  B.reaâB, 
Ho  bpij^txati  Contiacca  ca6  ţoţi 
toitîgeţy  LuiniTiig,  ocuj*  -00  bpi- 
feccopr  Cia^xţunţe  ocup  Cotvca- 
UiapatîT)  cocfc  ele  ţx)TV|vae  05  Le- 
tnoin :  ^*The  Connanght  men  gained 
a  battle  over  the  fleet  of  Limeridc,  and 
the  Kerrj  men  and  Coroobhaîadnn 
another  battle  over  them  at  the 
Lemain."  L.  makee  the  victors  in  this 
battle  to  be  the  Eoţ^ianadits  [of  Kil- 
lamey],  and  the  Coicoduibhne  [now 
Coi^agoinny,  in  Kerry],  instead  of  the 
Ciairaighe  and  Coroobhaifldnn 

*BoU  PudarUL  Theee  namea,  aa 
giren  in  D.,  aeem  intended  to  denote 
a  flingle  chieftain.  B.  and  L.  apeak 
evidently  of  more  than  one.  B.  gives 
their  namee  Bot,  Padiall,  and  SmuiaU : 


■DU  1  ctofvcoiti  Tloc  pi]T>ţiatl  octip 
^mtipoll,  ocoŢ  cţvi  c&D  omcnlle 
|?Tiiii :  '*In  wbich  fell  Bot  PadsaU  and 
Şmundl,  and  800  along  with  them.** 
L.  haa  Aacalt,  Pntiall,  and  SmnrolL 
See  Appendix  A.  Theae  namee  do  noi 
occur  in  the  Annals. 

•  PiihffecL  B.  reada  po  lotp^oecro» 
^^waabuxned.** 

^ SonofCnmectm.  LoignsMacCro- 
negain,  B.  Leigna  Mac  Cnmdmaelf 
L.  Leigna  Hac  Crainden,  Foor  M. 
(A.D.  885).  Leigoa  Mac  Cninneiny 
Ann.  Uit  (A.D.  887). 

^ifoe  J/be&JHM.  Donnchadh  Mael, 
L.  Donnchadh  Mac  Madedain,  B. 
and  Four  li.,  with  the  inflection  or  ge- 
nitive, in  both  parts  of  the  oompoand 
name.  He  ia  caUed  Abbot  of  Dmi 
Dt^  (abb  "011111  "Delooa),  in  B.,  aad 
of  CiU  Delffa^  in  Fonr  M.  and  Uit 
The  place  intended  ia  now  KîlMalkey, 
GoimtyMeath.  Alterthewoid'Oalooa, 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


29 


Luimneach.  Moreover;»  the  Ciarraighe  and  the  Corcobh- 
aiscîim^  gained  another  battle  over  them  at  Lemain;  in 
which  fell  Boit  Pudarill,^  and  three  hundred  with  him, 
and  MurailL 

XXVII.  Afler  this  came  the  prodigious  royal  fleet  of  Thefleetof 
ihe  children  of  Imhar  to  Ath  Cliath ;  and  the  greater  part  ^^'Jjje 
of  all  Erinn  was  plundered  bythem;  Ard  Macha,  alao,  waa  chîidren  o£ 
piUaged'  by  them ;  and  they  gained  a  battle  over  Fknn,  ^^'' 
son  of  Maelaechlainn^  in  which  fell  Aedh,  son  of  Con- 
chobhar,  and  Lergus,  son  of  Cronecan,^  biahop  of  Cili  Dara, 
and  Donchadh,  son  of  Maelduin,^  abbot  of  Delga ;  viz.,  the  Syndiron- 
year  in  which  Maelsechlainn^  was  kiUed  was  the  year ;  *"""  **' 
and  lis-mor  was  plundered  and  bumed  by  the  son  of 
Imhar,  and  Quain  Uamha  plundered,  and  Feigal,  son  of 
Finachta,  bishop  and  abbot  of  Cluain^  killed,  as  well  as 
XJanan,  son  of  Cerin,  the  prior.^    This  was  also  the  year  in 
which  were  killed  Donnchadh,  son  of  Duibhdabhorenn, 
king  of  Cassel,  and  Sitriuc,  king  of  the  foreigners^ ;  and 
they  fought  many  other  battles  against  the  Laighen  this 
year.^^    Four  years  afber  this^^  the  foreigners  lefb  Erinn,  The  fo- 
and  went  to  j&Iba  under  Sitriuc,  son  of  Imhar.  Cl^T 

Scotknd. 


war. 


B.  b^giiu  a  new  psngraph.  In 
bltocDoin  t\o  motp.ba'D  TT)aeljpe6- 
Uan i-pn  pn  iii  btiorâonn,  Ac:  "The 
year  ICaelBechlainn  wu  kUIed  was  the 
■ame  jrear  in  which  lisinore,"  &c 

^ MaeUechlainn.  Hreads,  "the year 
in  which  <Aw  HaeLMcUain  waa  kiUed.** 
Thera  is  eridentfy  some  exTor  which 
has  caiued  a  ocmfoslon  in  the  Chrano- 
logy—for  M»i»lMrhlM^imi  died  [and  waa 
not  killed]  <m  Tnesday,  the  80th  No- 
▼emher,  A.D.  863  (860  of  the  Fonr  M. 
COTip.  O'Flaherţy,  Ogffff^  p.  484),  up- 
waids  of  twenty  yean  bef ore  the  events 
hera  recorded.    See  App.  A^  and  note. 

7  Of  CImam,  B.  omite  Ctnono. 
The  Fonr  M.  (A.D.  885),  caii  him 
abbot  [not  abbot  and  biahop]  of  Clmin 
Uamha.  L.  reads  also  Cinema  uosna, 
CloyDe,  not  CloDSiacnoiB. 


8  Prior,  .gecnop  [^ecnotp»  B. 
Secnabb,  L.],  Ut  "sub-abbot*'  The 
Fonr  ÎL  caii  him  p|ii6i|i,"  prior,"  (A.D. 
886.)  His  name  ie  vaiionaly  given 
Uanan  Mac  Cemin,  B.  Uanan  Cerin, 
L.    Uaman&n  Hac  Ceren,  Four  ÎL 

•SUrmCy  King  <jf  the  fonignen. 
Stqfiinoc  mac  t^iS  B^^  ^m  "son  of 
the  king  of  the  foreignerB."  Siiigp.crD 
mac  Imaifi  t^i  gaU»  L.  "Siugrad, 
eon  of  Imar,  king  of  the  foirignen.** 
The  Annak  of  Ulster  (A.D.  887), 
have  "  Sichf rith  Mac  Imair,  lex  Konl- 
mannomm  a  fratre  sno  per  doltim 
ocdsaeeet" 

^Thiijfear.  I'pn  btiorDOin  ceono, 
B.,  "in  the  same  year." 

^^^ftertkii.  B.omitsicni\|^T),  "after 
this."  L.  omits  iltogether  this  danse, 
recording  the  invasioo  of  Scotland. 


30 


cosccDt)  scce'otiel  Tie  sccUxnbti. 


Bâgnall 

andOttir 

lăudat 

W«tecf<nd 

Bay^th 

blehordes. 


XXVIII.  Taxtwc,  imoţifu),  lapfiti  toUc  moji  •Diofimi*! 
fie  Hagnall  haa  nltnaiTi,  ocof  fie  hOuciţi  latiUi  coji 
Sabfcrc  ccji  lofi  TDafiaeich,  ocuf  fio  tnafibcro  leo  'Oom- 
nall  mac  ^Otmchcroa  fii^DOinna  Cafpl,  ocuf  îio  hinfiiT; 
mufctunsi  octir  tli  Caţipîii,  ocuf  ţio  fioînreT;  ecoft^o 
\vi6  laţifin  .1.  a  rţiian  i  Copcaig,  ocuf  a  tTfiion  i  nlnir 
na  he^nisi,  ocuf  a  T;iwan  ic  Jloif  biro,  ocuf  fio  hitifieo 
mtiTnain  uli  leo  fiti,  gu  na  fiabi  TOog  na  reni  o  Im 
ţODef.  In  blioDain  fienec  piainT)  mic  tnailfeclainn 
fin.  If  leif  in  longifin,  «ona,  ţio  maţiboD  ^ebennafi 
mac  CCgtki  fiis  ti  a  Conaill,  ocuf  tiucfoc  a  cent)  leo  aţi 
na  mqfiboD,  coniT)  "oe  afbeţw;  in  piliT) — 

TYÎoţi  in  fcel  a  *0â  -oo  mm, 
CC  beiu  10  tntiinrtfi  tx)maifi, 
pegaiT)  tiaib  cenT>  ţiij  ţabpxx 
TYÎinT)  amp«  iţvcai|i  T)omain. 

A.D.916.  18  leo  fin  ţio  maţiboD  OCnle  mac  CaCoil  fii  tia£ni 
p-obaig,  ocuf  lonsfeaS  mac  Secna  t^i  Uofini  TCifii. 


For  ţocroc  hen,  and  in  many  other 
plaoes,  (see  p.  24,  lines  18,  19,)  D. 
readfl  acfoc,  omitting  the  qniescent 
iniţial  ţ.  SoalBO'oetvocibfor'oţetunb 
(p.  26,  line  7.) 

1  JlagnaO.  The  arrival  of  a  graat 
fieet  of  foreignera  at  Loch  da  Caech 
[Waterfoid],  is  recorded  by  the  Fonr 
M.,  A.D.  912  (Ann.  Uit  918) ;  and 
they  are  eaUed  '^the  foraignen  of 
Loch  da  Caech,**  Ann.  Uit  914,  916. 
The  Four  11  (A.D.  915),  and  Ann. 
Uit  (A.D.  916),  speak  of  the  fleet 
nnder  Bagnall,  as  having  come  to 
reinfoice  a  previondy  establiahed  eet- 
tlementat  Loch  di  Caech.  Butneither 
of  theae  anthorities  mention  the  Eail 
Ottir,  who  iB  called  Oyir  in  B:  le 
TlagnaU  6  nlothoiTi  ocuf  lebOipt^ 
lOfvloc.  D.  spells  the  name  hrci|i, 
omittîng  o,  probably  by  an  error  of 
the  Kiibe.    The  Saxon  Chron.  men- 


ţiona an  Earl  **  Oftler,**  dain  A.D.  910. 
For  cola  Tn6fi  'oictp.mice  (pAxx  m6fi 
x>icntiihe,  B.)  "innnmerable  hordea," 
L.  reada  fn6fi  oobla6,  ''a  great  fleet** 

*  JD(mihMttf  ton  iif  IktmdUidk.  B. 
omită  thîa  name. 

^AfUfnoarâM.  GC  cpi  10R>,  B., ''they 
aeparated  înto  three."  Tla  fconlfec 
lOTifonn,  I^,  "thcy  aeparated  after- 
warda.** 

^InMWkhEMghi  IfiifnabCi^ 
titţi,B.  Inif  nabCroens!,  L*  Thla 
place  ia  in  the  county  Keny,  now  called 
Iny. 

^FromLiâ,  Olaoi,B.  Oliit,L. 
and  D.,  meaning,  no  doabt,  the  liver 


<  7%e  jfeor.  B.  reads  in  bluTDCCiTi 
fie  ndocflotnn  mic  Tn<xoile(lamn : 
"There  waa  not  a  honae  or  a  hearth 
from  the  Lee  aoathwaida,  in  the  year 
befoTD  the  daath  of  Flann,  aon  of 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAJLL. 


SI 


XXVIII.  Aflerwards  came  innumerable  hordes  under  Ragnall 
Bagnall,'  giandson  of  Imar,  and  the  £arl  Ottir,  and  they  J^^lf^ 
landed  at  Loch  dâ  Caech ;  and  DoTnhnall,  son  of  Donn-  WaterfoM 
chadh,^  heir  apparent  of  Caisei,  was  kiUed  by  ihem :  and  laZ^II!^. 
they  plimdered  Muscraighe  and  Ui  Cairpre ;  and  they  We  hoitks. 
aflerwards'  separated  into  three  parties ;  one-third  settled 
in  Corcach,  and  one-third  in  Inis  na  hEdnighi/  and  one- 
third  in  Qlafi-Linn;  and  the  whole  of  Munster  was  ravaged 
by  them,  so  that  there  was  not  a  house  or  a  hearth  firom 
Lni'  southward.    This  was  the  year^  before  the  death  of 
Flann,  son  of  Maelsechlainn.    It  was  also  by  that  fleet 
that  Oebennach,  son  of  Aedh,  king  of  Ui  Conaill,^  was 
killed,  and  they  carried  away  his  head  afier  killing  him. 
Wherefore  the  poet'  said — 

Great  is  the  pity»  O  6od  of  heaven, 
That  the  people  of  Tomar  should  hav  e  it ! 
Behold  the  head  of  Gabhra's  king  is  taken  from  you ! 
mastrious  gem  of  the  west  of  the  world  I 

It  was  by  them  were  killed  Anie,®  son  of  Cathal,  king  of  A.D.  9ie. 
Uaithne-Fidhbhaigh,  and  Loingsech,  son  of  Setna»  king  of 
Uaithne-ThirL 


Haeliecfalaiim."  TbiBclaiueiBomitted 
inL. 

''Kmff  of  Ui  ConmU:  i.e.,  of  the 
Ui  Conain  Gabhn,  or  bflrony  of 
Condloei,  weit  of  oounty  Limerick. 
The  Fonr  M.  caii  him  king  of  the  Ui 
Fidhgeinte  (A.D.  914),  which  is  not 
m  leal  dUlerance.  For  the  relation 
between  the  Ui  Conaill  Gabhia  and 
the  Ui  Fidhgeinte,  see  Dr.  G'Donovan^s 
notei,  Leabhat  na  gCwi%  pp.  67,  76. 

*  TkepotL  B.  omitB,  in  ţMtn».  In 
lise  2  of  the  qnatrain,  B.  reada  OC  bich 
a5;aiidL.0Cbei6ocTniomcnti*  line 
8  in  L.  ia  iHegiUe,  hat  in  B.  ia  thna 

ţUnti,  ''behdd  the  head  of  bright 
Gabhia'a  king  ia  taken  from  jou." 
ţaprbo^  D^  for  which  ţabţia  ia  sab- 


atitated  firom  B.  **  Hninter  Tomair  f 
the  people  or  family  of  Tomar,  a  name 
given  to  the  Danes  of  Dublin.  See 
the  Poem  quoted  by  the  Fonr  M.,  A.D. 
942 ;  and  Dr.  0*DonoTan*B  Pref  .  to  the 
Book  ofJHs^  p.  xzxTi,  tq.  line  4, 
i<xţv6ai|i,  B.,  which  ia  more  conect. 

*Ank.  B.  readfl,  GCm'ole  morc 
Cotait  ţvl  vontne  ciţie»  omitting 
the  notioe  of  Loingaech,  by  an  eiror 
of  transcription.  Uaithne-Fidhbaigh, 
called  alao  Uaithne-Cliach  (now  Owney 
b^),  ia  a  barony  north-eaat  of  the 
oonnty  Limerick.  Uaithne-Onn  (now 
Owney),  ia  an  adjoining  banmy,  coonty 
llpperaiy.  Anle,  ia  called  aon  of 
"CdKAoii,  not  Cathaif  in  L.;  Fonr  BL 
(A.D.  914),  and  Ann.  Uit  (A.D.  915- 
16). 


32 


cosaroti  scce-otiel  ne  sccUccibt». 


An  oxtni- 
oidixuuy 
davghter 
of  thefo- 
ragnen,  at 
Dnnnudii, 
A.D.  869. 


Battle  of 
CellUa 
nDaigbre, 
A.D.  869. 


XXIX.  Ro  Tx>5l<n)  'ona,  *Ouii  niccin  iTnafiStiti  Cţien'o, 
ocuf  yio  cufiOT)  aţi  'oeţimaiii  T)iafnefi  ţoji  5«^^<wt  ^^'^ 
la  Coinligan  mac  TDailcţioiTi,  ocuf  la  bdoganacc  La£a 
Lein,  ocof  ţie  plairoabţioc  ti  a  n*0tmaT)ai5,  ţii  Ha  Coii- 
naill,  ocuf  ţie  Congalac  mac  Laficna  ţii  Ciaţiaip,  octif 
la  laţixniţi  ©ţieriT)  aţi  cena.  If  fi  ţ^n  bliaî>ain  i'oţiocoiţi 
Col^in  1  CiTiT)  Ctiţiţiaig,  ocuf  ţio  bafieT)  baeiboţiţi.  If 
fi  fifi  blicroain  ţio  aiţig  CCmlaib  mac  ţiig  Loclcmn  Laef 
TTloţi;  ocuf  ţio  loiţxî  poenreţuin  mac  T^ţiognean,  Ojctif 
Pţi  TTltip  leif,  lon^ţîoţiT;  CCmlaib  ţie  naiT)ci  mw,  octif 
ţio  maiţib  a  bţiafiaiţi  pein  laţiţ^n  .i.  Ofili,  octif  ba 
miţibuli  7)0  TTlticu'oa  fin.  If  ţ^  fin  blia^ain,  imoţiţu), 
fo  bţiif  ConCubaţi  mac  'Cai'oj  fi  Conace,  ocuf  OCeD 
PnT)lia:6  mac  "NeillCailli  ca6  ele  foţicti  .i.  cac  Cilii 
ua  n*0ai5fi,  •ou  i'Ofocaiţi  .a.  cec  "oo  na  pn-ogenrib,  "ou 
inT)ţiocaiţi  mac  Connainj  ţii  bfemage  aţioen  fiu,  ocuf 
*Oiafmaic  mac  Creffceoil  fi  tacă  ^abaif  .i.  fe  blioB- 
na  lafnec  TTlailfeclain'D  mic  THailftianaii).  If  aţi 
fin  vo  figni  ingen  Weill  .i.  ţ^uf  OCeDa  ocuf  maSaiţi 
piainT), 

8tif ţxxn,  "DUf fon,  7)65^061,  T)ţiocfcel 
TTlai'Dm  cafea  ftiait)  ţiemoiţ, 
8tif fon  f  1^  TK)  f ipii  ţXtlllT) 
•Onţifon  ţii  ţx>ffaţi  maig. 


1  J)emoHahied.  B.Teada,  Ro  roţtorâ 
teo  "Dun  TDoiTie,  "  Dumnaine  was 
demolished  by  them  ;^  and  for  "  vrest  of 
Iieland,"  a  marginal  note  Boggats  om 
iai\C€tţ\  Tnaihoan,  **west  of  Mnns- 
ter." 

*  Ind€9cribabk,  B.  omits  T>iafneţn, 
and  reada,  dţ!.  ni6ţv  'Dejvmoati,  *^a 
great,  enoimonB  daoţ^ter.*^ 

•Dmadhaeh.  D.readB,^*UaDiinar- 
daigh:**  an  eiror  which  has  been  cor- 
rected  from  B.  Comp.  Fonr  M.,  A.D. 
888^884;  Ann.  Uit  884. 

«  WUh  hkn,  B.  reada,  ftţi  mitici 
fnctitli  |iif.  Thia  defeat  of  Amlaff 
and  Oiaill,  at  Lismore,  seems  to  be  the 


same  that  was  mentioned  aboTe,  chap. 
zxiy. ;  wheie  mention  ia  also  made  of 
the  death  of  Colphin,  and  the  drown- 
ing  of  Baethbarr. 

'^  Own  brotker:  Le.,  Amhlaîbh's  own 
brother. 

^Moekuda,  St  Mochnda;  the  patron 
Mdnt  of  Liamore.  The  -victoxy  is  a»- 
cribed  to  bis  miraciiloiia  aid. 

7  ConnackL  B.  reada,  Cionnachco, 
^^ch  ia  evidently  wrong.  See  the 
Fonr  M.  (A.D.  866),  and  Dr.  ODono- 
van^snotee. 

^  Five  hmdred,  B.  reada^  .ix-c,  "  nine 
hnndrad.^  Itappeara  from  the  aooount 
given  by  the  Fonr  H,  that  thia  waa 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


33 


XXIX,  Dun  Maîn,  in  the  west  of  Eriim,  was  demolished,  *  An  ext»- 
and  an  extraordinary  and  indescribable^  slaughter  of  the  dgQ^tor 
foreigners  was  effected  there  by  Conligan,  son  of  Maelcron,  of  the  fo- 
and  the  Eoganachts  of  Loch  Lein,  and  by  Flannabrat,  grand-  ih^^^ 
son  of  Dimadadi,'  king  of  Ui  Conaill ;  and  by  Cîongalach,  ^i>-  ^69. 
son  of  Lachtna,  king  of  Ciarraighe ;  ai^d  by  the  whole 
west  of  Erinn.    This  was  the  year  in  which  Colphinn  fell 
at  Cenn  Cuiraîgh,  and  Baethbarr  was  drowned.    This  was 
the  year  ijx  which  Amlaibh,  son  of  the  king  of  Lochlainn 
plundered  Leas  Mor ;  and  Foenteran,  son  of  Drognean, 
and  the  Fir  Muighi  with  him/  bumed  Amlaibh's  câmp 
before  night  in  revenge,  and  he  killed  his  own  brother'^ 
after  that,  viz.,  Osill;  and  these  were  the  miracles  of 
Mochuda.®    This  was  the  year,  also,  in  which  Conchobhar,  Battie  of 
son  of  Tadhg,  king  of  Connacht,^  and  Aedh  Finnliath,  son  ^ii^^e, 
of  Niall  Caille,  gained  another  battie  over  them,  viz.,  the  A.D.  869. 
battie  of  Cell  ua  nDaighre,  in  which  fell  five  hnndred^  of 
the  hir  Gentiles ;  where  fell  the  son  of  Conang,  king  of 
Bregh-Magh,  along  with  them,  and  Diarmait,  son  of 
Eidirscel,  king  of  Lpch  Gabhair,  six  years  after  the  death 
of  Maelsechlabin,  son  of  Maelruanaidh.     It  was  upon  it^ 
that  Niall's  daughter,^®  le.,  the  sister  of   Aedh,   and 
mother  of  Flann,  composed  these  linea  : —  / 

Joy!  woel  goodnews!  badnews! 
The  defeat  of  a  bloody  battie  by  him, 
Joy  to  the  king  who  won,  let  him  rejoice ! 
SoRow  to  the  king  who  was  defeated  I 


raaUy  a  battie  between  Aedh  Fiim- 
lUth,  Ung  of  Ireland,  and  Flann,  son 
of  Conang,  kiog  or  lord  of  Bregia ;  the 
Finngaill,  or  FaSr  Gentiles,  acting  as 
audliaiiee  to  the  latter. 

*  Upon  U:  Le.,  npon  the  battie. 

^  NiaXt$  damghUr.  The  mother  of 
Flann,  king  of  Bregh-magfa,  or  Bregia, 
who  fell  în  the  battie,  was  the  sister  of 
Aedh  Finnliath,  king  of  Ireland,  and 
danc^ter  of  Niall  Caille;  so  that  Flann 
ma  figfating  agamst  his  unde  on  the 


sîde  of  the  Konemen.  The  verses  here 
quoted,  as  the  composition  of  Flann's 
mother,  are  giyen  in  the  Leabhar  Gabh- 
ala  of  the  O'Clerys  (p.  204),  and  also 
in  the  Fonr  M.  From  these  copies  we 
gather  the  f oUowing  yarious  readings : 
lĂne  2,  Tletnaiţ)  RoimfD,  B.  Rae- 
non^  Fonr  M.  and  L.  Gabh.  Lmt  8, 
■00  T^igni  ţaitiT))  'oia  n-Deaţv^a  ţa- 
oiLii),  Fonr  M.  and  L.  Gabh.  Une  4, 
poîvţHip,  tnong)  T^OTVţ*  ftoemi'D,  B., 
Fonr  ÎL  and  L.  Gabh. 

D 


Si 


cosccDîi  sae'oîiel  ne  satlccibîi 


Raghiull 
andOttir 
slainm 
ScoUand, 
A.D.  916. 

Arrival  of 
Sitriuc, 
gpnnâflon 
of  IxDAr. 

Battleof 
CennFiiait, 
A.D.  916. 


KaâAie 
plnndeied. 

Sitrinc,  the 
blmdftakeB 
Dublin. 


Thebatde 
of  I>abliii, 
A.D.  919. 


Ro  înnafiboir  laţifin  ryia  Ofiti  THumain,  octif  'oacua- 
rofi  in  nOClbatn,  ocuf  rucroc  ca€  [v6]  ConfcaTran  mac 
CCexHi  .1.  "00  fiig  OClbatî,  ocuf  fio  maţibaiT;  apoen  ccn'o,  -i. 
Rosnall  ocof  On|i,  ocuf  dţi  a  mturajii  leo. 

XXX.  In  blicrBoin  ţio  gaB  'NiaU^ltiî^tiB  ţiige  nGiienT) 
fin,  rame,  'oncţ,  longef  ele  la  ^icţiiac  ua  nlmaţi  cop 
jabfac  1  Cin-o  paaiT;,«ocUf  ţio  hinţiic  iagin  leo,  ocuf  po 
ţxainfeT;  ca€  po^i  tlgaifii  mac  OCillella  .i.  pofi  ţii  Logen, 
•oti  inT)ţio6aifi  bai-oein  ocuf  TTlaelmofi'Da  mac  TTluţiei- 
gean  t^i  laţiCifi  Li^e,  ocUf  TTlurfiiâin  mac  Cemneiixi^ 
fii  taigfe,  ocof  na  cpi  Comann,  ocuf  Cionae€  mac 
T^aotail  îii§  O  nOneclaif,  ocaf  TTlaelmae^oc  mac  "Oiaţi- 
maca  ab  Jl-înne  tlifen,  ocuf  aiţi'oefpug  taigen,  ocuf 
Ţcn  eccna  na  n^aoi-feel,  ocuf  fe  ^ec  aţiaen  ţiiu,  im 
caeccac  |ii§.  Tio  hcnţicceD  Cell  *Oaţia  leo  aţi  fin,  actif 
U|iiîiO|i  cell  nCjionn. 

XXXI.  'Cainic  laţifin  fiitloinsef  a^bal  moji  la  8ic- 
fiaicc,  ocuf  la  cloinn  liîiaifi,  .i.  la  ^ix^p-iucc  cae6  «a 
nloiîiaifi,  guţi  gabfac  aţi  eiccin  i  nTDtiiBlinn  CCCa  Clia€, 
ocuf  T)0  ţionfac  poţibaifi  ann.  *Oo  ţiona*  "ona  moiţi- 
€ion6l  tei^e  Ctiinn  la  "Niall  JLtin'oulS  mac  OCofta],  co 
cuc  ca€  "ooib  ic  CCC  Cliafi  t)«  inT)ţiocaiţi  "Niall  baifiT)e 


1  Bamthed.  For  |U>  ifinocfiboc;  ictp.- 
Ţm  c|va  afin  ÎTItuncon,  B.  letiâa, 
X)0  mcqfvbcco  cţva  fin  title  ipn  TTlii- 
ifiain,  '*they  were  all  kUled  then  in 
Mamhain,"  which  is  inconaistent  witli 
what  f olloira,  that  the^  went  into  Soot- 
land. 

>  TrUo  Albam.  L.  msAis  the  wbole 
of  tbis  cbapter  ezcept  tbe  condnding 
paragrapb  beginning  with  these  words. 
See  Appendix  A.  And  it  is  evident 
tbat  thia  paragiapb  ia  ont  of  its  place 
in  the  text,  and  ongbt  to  be  read  in 
continnation  of  the  pieoeding  cbapter, 
for  it  was  the  fleet  of  Loch  da  Caech 
(Wateiford  bay),  there  mentioned, 
tiiat  went  into  Scotland  nnder  the 
command  of  Baghnall  and  Ottirf  and 
were  defeated  by  Constantine  III.,  in 


or  abont  A.D.  916.  See  Four  ÎL,  m 
amnoy  and  Keatxng,  p.  628.  B.  trana- 
poees  the  worda,  1f)  blicroain  tu>  ^b 
KiaU/  'glnnut}  [read,  ^nnxMiG] 
tvi^  fi&fienT)  fin,  giving  them  after 
•Sicfutic  na  nlmaţv.  The  meaning 
ÎB  the  same. 

^AhatUe.  The  Ann.  Uit,  Four  M., 
and  Keating,  state  distinetly  that  thia 
battle  was  f ongbt  at  Cenn  Fnait :  bnt 
Keating  makes  Imar  (not  the  grand- 
son  of  Imar),  the  leader  of  the  foreign- 
en  on  the  oocasion. 

^WestemlAfi.  D.  and  Keating  read, 
lOtitoitiLiţî©,  "western  Uifey."  But 
the  Ann.  Uit,  Leah.  Gabh.,  Four  M^ 
and  B.,  read  oiţv^ti,  "eastem,"  which 
is  piobably  correct 

<  MMffhvn,    The  remainder  of  thia 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE   GAILL. 


35 


They  were  aiterwards  banîshed*  from  Mumhain,  and  went  Raghnaii 
înto  Albain*;  and  they  gave  battle  to  Constantine,  son  of  gj^^^j  *^^ 
Aedh,  king  of  Albain,  inwhich  both  were  killed,  viz.,  Eagh-  Scotland, 
nall  and  Otir,  and  their  people  slaughtered  with  them. 

XXX    The  same  year  in  which  Niall  Glundubh  beeame  Amval  of 
monarch  of  Erinn  there  came  another  fleet  with  Sitriuc,  ^J^nJ^n 
grandson  of  Imar,  and  they  settled  at  Cenn  Fuait ;  and  of  Imar. 
Laighin  was  plundered  by  them,  and  they  gained  a  battle^  Battie  of 
over  Ugaire,  son  of  Ailill,  king  of  Laighin,  in  which  he  ^^d"  916  ^ 
himself  was  killed,  and  Maelmordha,  son  of  Mnireigean, 
king  of  western  Lif^,*  and  Mugh[roin,*  son  of  Cenneidigh, 
king  of  Laighis  and  of  the  three  Comanns,  and  Cionaeth, 
son  of  Tuathal,  king  of  O  nEnechlais,  and  Maelmaedhog, 
son  of  Diarmaid,  abbot  of  Glenn  Uisen  and  archbishop  of 
Laighin,  a  leamed  sage  of  the  Gaedhil,  and  six  hundred 
with  them,  together  with  fifty  kings.     Cell  Dara  was  then  Kiidaro 
plimdered  by  them,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  churches  pio^^iered. 
of  Erinn. 

XXXI.  There  came  after  that  an  îmmense  royal  fleet  sitrînc,  the 
with  Sitriuc  and  the  children  of  Lnar,  i.e.,  Sitriuc,  the  ţlj^^^î  ^^ 
blind,®  grandson  of  Imar ;  and  they  forcibly  landed^  at 
Dubhlinn  of  Ath  Cliath,  and  made  an  encampment  there. 
The  great  muster  of  Leth  Cuinn*  was  made  by  Niall  Glun- 
dubh, son  of  Aedh,]  and  he  gave  them  battle  at  Ath  Cliath,^  The  battle 
where  Niall  fell,  who  was*°  the  monarch  of  Erinn,  andf  ^"^*^"» 

chapter,  (after  the  fint  syUable  of  thia 
word,)  and  the  fint  five  lines  of  the 
next,  aa  marked  by  brackets  in  the 
text,  are  wanting  in  D.,  owing  to  the 
losa  of  a  portion  of  a  leaf  in  the  MS. 
The  defidency  is  supplied  from  B. 

«  Sitriuc,  the  blincL  CaUed  Sitriuc 
Giîle  (sdle)  in  the  L.  Gabh.  (p.  210), 
and  by  the  Four  M.  (A.D.  817).  He 
is  expressly  called  grandson  oi  Imar, 
and  therefore  was  probably  the  aame 
aa  the  Sitriuc,  grandBon  of  Imar,  who 
settled  at  Cenn  Faait,  as  mentioned 
in  the  foregoing  chapter. 

7  Forcibly  landed,  The  Four  M.give 
88^  as  the  date  of  the  âr^  occnpation 


of  Dublin  by  the  foreigners.  In  the 
interval  the  Iriah  may  have  recovered 
possession. 

8  Leth  Ctdnn.    See  p.  8,  note  7. 

^At  Ath  Cliath.  The  Ann.  Uit. 
(A.D.  918-19),  and  Four  M.  (917), 
teii  us  that  this  battle  was  fought  on 
Wednesday,  17  KaL  Oct.  [not  17  Oct., 
as  Dr.  O'Donovan  has  printed  it], 
and  that  Easter  fell  that  year  on  the 
7  Kal.  of  May>  These  criteria,  as 
0*Flaherty  remarks  (^Ogyg.  p.  434), 
determine  the  year  to  be  919. 

^^  Wlto  w<u.  bu-oeipn  aiţvoTii 
C^ţienn,  B.  a  differcnce  of  spelling 
otfly, 

•d2 


36 


coscroîi  sae'oîiel  ue  ţaUccibti. 


NiallGlim- 
dabh,  aad 
twelve 
other  kings 
alain. 


Gothrin 
plundera 
Armaghţ 
A.D.  921. 

Defeat  of 
the  f oreign- 
era  at  Tigh' 
Mic-Deic- 
thig. 


ap.'opi  GţienT),  ocuf  'oa  |ii  voc  vo  tii^oib  ©pent)  utni  .1. 
Wiall  baT)en,  ocuf  Concubayi  mac  TTlailfeclainT),  1115- 
'Domna  'Cemţiac,  ocuf  Conain^  mac  ţ?lainT)  |iiT)omna 
©jienT),  ocuf  piairbefirac  mac  T)oninaill  |ii['Domna] 
eile  GfienT),  ocuf  (Xev  mac  BocoDa  ţii  UIot),  ocuf 
TTlailmiris  mac  ţ?lannu5an  |ii  bţieg,  ocuf  ©jiimon  mac 
CeiToneing  plaii  Ceneil  fnani,  ocuf  Conjalac  mac 
Celi  |ii  Ua  TTlaciiaif,  ocu]^  Con^alac  mac  T)pemain  pi 
Cpimfame,  Tnaelmu|ii  mac  ttnbira  pi  TTlti^opnT),  ocup 
T)eocan  mac  *Oomnaill  pi  Cianacra,  ocup  T)unan  mac 
Cepballan,  ocup  bpenan  mac  ţep^upa,  ocup  upmop 
maui  Le€i  CuinT)  apoen  piu  pin,  ocup  pluaj;  T)iaipmiri 
ele. 

XXXII.  Ro  hinpeT),  'ona,  cuapcepc  Gpenx)  pe  ^^t^^" 
pin  mac  Imap  lappin,  ocup  po  haip^e^)  Kp-omaca.  Cit) 
rpa  ace  capip  poppro  pon  in  ca€  pin,  pomam  Tomaip 
pe  cenT)  mblia'ona ;  va^•^  po  bpip  T)onca:D  mac  ITlail- 
peclainT)  cat  popio  pom  lappin  ic  'Ci5TTlicT)eic€i5,  ocup 


^Hinuelf,  PoDein,  B.  Theking» 
who  fell  with  NUU  in  this  battle  are 
difFerently  enumerated  in  the  authori- 
ties ;  and,  except  in  D.,  the  nnmber 
twelve  ia  not  retained.  Conchobhar, 
son  of  MaelBechnailI  (as  in  B.,  D.,  and 
Keat.)  is  termed  grandaon  of  Mael- 
sechnaiU,  by  the  Ann.  Uit.,  L.  Gabh., 
and  Four  M.  Aedh,  son  of  Eochadh, 
is  called  son  of  Eochagan,  by  L.  Gabh., 
Four  M.,  and  Keat  Eremhon,  son  of 
Cennedigh,  is  called  Cromman,  son  of 
Cennedigh,  in  L.  Gabh.  and  Four  M. ; 
but  his  name,  with  all  that  follow,  is 
omitted  in  Ann.  Uit.  L.  Gabh.  and 
Four  M.  mention  him,  but  omit  all  that 
follow  him.  B.,  although  retaining 
the  statement  that  tuidvt  kings  were 
8lain,names^feai,  (see  noteS)agree- 
ing  in  other  respects  with  the  text, 
except  that  Dunan,  son  of  Cerbhallan, 
is  called  Diman;  Conain^iSonof  Flann, 
îs  called  Conchobhair;  Congalach,  son 
of  Dreman^  is  called  son  of  Vrenman, 


'  Hâr  appareat  B.  adds  ele, 
"  another.** 

'  Erum,  Om.,  B.  D.  reads,  ^i  eite, 
"  another  king,"instead  of  ţii^rxmina 
eile,  B.,  **  another  heir  apparent." 

^  King  of  Brtgh,  After  this  name 
B.  înserta,  ocup  TTlael'Dtib  tii  CCt|i- 
giaU»,  TTlaelcTiaibi  mac  "Doilgeifi, 
ocup  CeaHach  mac  Pagaixcaig  ţii 
T)eifceiţ\c  bţxej:  "And  Maeldubb, 
king  of  Airgiall"  [Maelcroibhe  Ua 
Dubhsionaigh,  lord  of  Oirghiall,^Leab. 
Gabh.f  Four  M.,  and  Keat.  Mael- 
craibi  Mac  Dubhsionaigh  king  of 
Airghiallf  Ann.  Uit]  "  Maelcrabi,  son 
of  Doilgen"  [L.  Gabh.  and  Four  M. 
add,  ţ\i  'Cojicon,  king  of  Tortan], 
"andCeallach,  son  of  Faghartach,  king 
of  south  Bregia.""  [Tigeatina  -oeip- 
ceiţxc  bfveg,  "lord  of  south  B regia,** 
L.  Gabh.,  and  Four  M.].  Tliis  inter- 
polation  increases  the  list  of  slain  kin^ 
to  fifteen  instead  of  twelve.  It  was 
probably  taken  by  the  tronscriber  from 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


37 


twelve  kings  of  the  kings  of  Eriim  along  wîth  him,  viz., 
Niall  himaelf  ^ ;  and  Conchobhar,  son  of  Maelsechiainn, 
heir  apparent  of  Temhaîr ;  and  Conaing,  son  of  Flann, 
heir  apparent^  of  Erinn ;  and  Flaithbhertach,  son  of  Domh- 
nall,  another  heir  apparent  of  Erinn^ ;  and  Aedh,  son  of 
Eochaidh,  king  of  Uladh ;  and  Ma^lmithigh,  son  of  Ran- 
nagan,  king  of  Bregh^ ;  and  Eremhon,  son  of  Cennedigh, 
chief  ^  of  Cenel  Mani ;  and  Congalach,  son  of  Cele,  king 
of  Ua  Macuais*^ ;  and  Congalach,  son  of  Dreman,  king 
of  Crimhthainn ;  Maelmuire,  son  of  Ainbith,  king  of 
Mngomn;^  and  Deochan,  son  of  Domhnall,  king  of  Cian- 
achta ;  and  Dunan,  son  of  Cerbhallan ;  and  Brenan,  son 
of  Fergus ;  and  the  grealer  part  of  the  nobles®  of  Leth 
Cuinn  with  them,  and  a  conntless  army  besides. 

XXXII.  The  north  of  Erinn,  also,  was  plundered  by 
Qothrin,'  son  of  Imar  afber  that,  and  Ard  Macha  was 
spoiled  Notwithstanding,  however,  that  this  battle  was 
gained  over  them,  Tomais*®  submitted  before  the  end  of 
a  year ;  for  Donnchadh,  son  of  Maelsechlainn,^'  gained  a 
battle  over  them  at  Tigh-Mic-Deicthig,**  and  it  was  im- 


NiallGlim- 
dubh,  and 
twelve 
other  kings 

ftli|î-n. 


the  Leabhar  Gabhala,  and  uuerted 
withont  regard  to  the  nnmber. 

'Otief.  D.  readA,  7  ţloit,  "and 
the  chici,'*  but  the  7,  "and,"  is  probably 
a  mintake  of  the  scribe  for  .1.  "Le." 

<  Kmg  of  Ua  Macuait.  \Xoat  o 
mb  mac  Cueny»,  B.,  "prince  of  [or 
from]  the  tribe  of  Kac  CiiaÎB." 

7  Mftgomn.  îTIti^DOiiii,  B.,  which 
îs  more  correct. 

B  Nobkt,  B.  omită  mati,  and  râads, 
ii|iTfioţi  Leite  CtJiTiTi  tiil>e  ayi  aen 
|\iy*,  octiy»  i^uaij  •oiTiirtie  ajicena: 
"  The  greater  part  of  all  Leth  Cninn 
along  with  him,  and  an  innnmerable 
army  Ukewise." 

»  Gotkrin.  B.  reads,  ţopTicnJ  «a 
ni  mcqfv, "  Grofraigh,  grandson  of  Imar," 
which  îs  confirmed  by  tiie  Four  M., 
who  caii  him  Goffndth,  grandson  of 
Imar,  and  date  the  spoîling  of  Armagh 
919,  "on  Saturday,  the  day  before  St 


Martin*8  festival"  [not  "the  Saturday 
before,"  as  Colgan  and  Dr.  CDonovan 
translate  it].  It  follows  that  921  must 
have  been  the  true  year. 

10  Tomais,  So  in  both  MSS. ;  but  it 
seons  evident  that  Tamar  or  Tomar, 
the  chieftain  mentioned  in  the  nezt 
chapter,  was  intended. 

u  Son  of  Maelsechhmiu  Bo  in  both 
MSS.;  but  it  Oiighl  to  be  grandaoi^ 
for  Donnchadh,  king  of  Irdand,  who 
Bucceeded  Niall  Glundubli,  was  son  of 
Flann  Sionna,  ahd  grandson  of  Mael- 
sechlaitan.  The  L.  Gabh.  and  Four  M. 
say,  that  the  battle  here  described  took 
place  in  the  fiist  year  of  Donnchadh's 
reign.  If  so,  it  must  have  been  in  919, 
two  yâM  before  the  sacking  of  Armagh 
by  Gothrin  or  Goffrey.  Thereis,there- 
fore,  some  confusion. 

u  Tigh'Mic-Dw:ihig,  "  In  Cianachta 
Brogh,  Le.,  Tigh-Mic-nEathach,"  Four 


Gothrin 
plunders 
Annagh, 
A.D.  921. 


Defeat  of 

theforeign- 

ersatTigh- 

Mic-Deic- 

thig. 


38 


ooscroli  scce-DlieL  ne  ţaUccibli. 


Tamar,  son 
of  Elge, 
atlnis 
Sibhtonn, 
A.D.  922. 


The 

charches  of 
Loch  Deig, 
the  Shan- 
noii,and 
LonghRee 
plundered, 
alflo  wert 
Meathand 
soathCon- 
nacht, 
A.D.  922. 


Hutoiyof 
the  Danes 
in  Mimster. 


po  ţem&D  a  aiţiium  ont)  ccfi  fna|ib(n>  tk)  sallonb.    *Ocns 
ni  mo  na  lin  înninfi  ţxîel  vo  cuoit)  leo  ccy*  vo  gallcnb. 

XXXIII.  T^nic  lOfifin  T^omoţi  mac  ©Igi  |wş  lonţef 
ODbalmoţi;  goţi  gab  a{i  Inip  Sibr^mt)  [ofi  cuan  Luimni^ 
octif  ţw)  hin'oţio*  tiţiifioţi  niuitfian  leo  onr  exuf^  €ealLa 
ocuf  rmafxL  topcan  mac  Conlisoin  ba  fii  Caifil  an 
can  fin. 

XXXIV.  'Cainic  laţifin  coClaS  ofi  \jo6  'OefisoGţic, 
goţi  oiţigeucaţi  Inif  Celufia,  ocuf  ţu)  boi-Sfioc  a  jx^ine, 
ocuf  a  mionna,  ocuf  a  liuCpa,  ocuf  ţu)  oipcq^ioc  "ona 
niuicinif  RiagailU  ocuf  cella  'Oeţiccoefic  ;  ocuf  fio 
aiţiccfioc  T^iţi  TKL  glof,  ocuf  lo£[ia,  ocup  Cluain  peptxxe, 
ocuf  Cltiain  mic  Woif,  ocuf  Inif  CloCponn,  ocHf  Inif 
bo  fînne»  ocuf  cella  tx>£a  Rit  ofiEena;  ocuf  lofvfiaiţi 
ÎTIi-Be,  ocuf  Deifceipc  Conna£r>  ocuf  po  mopbfoc  'Onach 
pi  CCi-fene,  ocuf  foSai-Be  ele,  ocuf  po  fiafcaccap  fldn 
apif  co  Luimne£,  gan  ca6  octif  gan  cliacha5. 

1f  IOD  fin  aipDgnioitfiaprha  cloinne  OI51  ocup  loinsfi 
ceia  Clia6  hi  Lei€  CuinT),  ociif  hi  LaigniT!.  CC  ccpeaca 
imoppo,  ocup  a  niopgala,  ocup  a  cclia6£a,  ni  puilii;  hi 
ccuiifine»  ocup  ni  haipimuep  hi  leabpaiC. 

XXXV.  Imcupa  imoppo  na  Hluitfian  ocup  cloinne 
Ifhaip  inipcep  punn  co  leicc,  'oâig  po  pooaimpioc  a 
naenop  le€  'oocaip  ocup  Docpaice  pe  hepinn  uile. 

Tkinic  "Dna  Oir^p  'outî  lopla,  lu&  .c.  long  co  pope 


K.  TheL.Qabh.8aya,  ^'inCiaoachta 
Br^h,"  withont  mentionlng  Tigh-Mic- 
nEathach.  See  Reeves,  Adamnan,  p. 
110,  note  \  B.  nada,  Dâig  ţio  bp^if 
Donnchcco  mac  TYIaeiledtocinn  cot 
ţofifioe  1  uccnţ  tneic  Heâcong  ocup 
ni  ţu>  cufnonngpioc  on|veih  ccfi  mccfi- 
bor6  no  gaUcnl^  omn :  **For  Donn- 
chad,  aonof  Madaechlaimi,  gaineda  bat- 
tle  over  them  at  Tigh  mdc  nEchtaigh  ** 
[honaeaf  theionof  Eochadh],  "andit 
mg  not  poMible  to  ooiint  the  nnmber 
of  the  fonîgnexB  that  waa  kflled  then." 
^  Landed  ot  For  goţx  gab  aţi 
1fii|*,  B.  nada,  in  Inip.  Inis  Sibh- 
tonn  (now  King'a  Uaad) ,  ia  caUed  bj 


the  Fonr  M.,  îmi  UlMam,  which  ia 
only  another  foim  of  the  name  (AJ>. 
965  and  969),  bat  they  make  no 
mention  of  Tamar^a  iettlemoit  tbera. 
The  Ann.  Uit  (921-2)  mention  the 
fleet  of  Limerick  under  the  aon  of 
Ailche  [AilgL  Foor  K.  920],  aa  hav- 
ing  plnndeied  Clonniacnoia  and  the 
ialanda  of  Loch  Bee.  See  O'Dqdo- 
▼an*B  So6k  of  Bij^  Introd.  p.  zlL 
After  the  moda  Inif  ^bcxmT»,  thera 
oocon  a  cooaiderable  defect  in  D., 
which  haa  beeo  mpplîed  f^on  B.  It 
extendafrom  thia  plaoe  to  the  aerenth 
line  of  chapter  zxzvil,  aa  indicated 
bj  the  bmdrats  in  the  test 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


39 


poesible  to  count  the  number  that  wbb  there  killed  of  tlie 
foreigners.  For  of  the  foreigners  not  more  than  enough 
to  teii  what  had  happened  escapecL 

XXXIII  Afber  that  came  Tamar,  son  of  Elge,  kîng  of 'i'«mw,8oii 
an  immense  fleet,  and  landed  at^  Inis  Sibhtoim,  [in  the  ^t  j^ 
haj*bour  of  Luimnech :  and  the  chief  part  of  Miunhain  Ş^*?™» 

A«D  922« 

waci  ravaged  by  them,  both  churches  and  chieffcainries. 
Lorcan,  son  of  Conligan,  was  king  of  Caisei  at  that  time. 

XXXIV.  There  came  afber  that  a  fleet  on  Loch  Derg-  The 
derc,  and  they  plundered  Inis  Celtra^  and  they  drowned  ^^  ^^^ 
its  shrines,  and  its  relicks,  and  its  books ;  and  they  plun-  the  Shan- 
dered  Muc- Inis  of  BiagaU^  and  the  churches  of  Derg-  L^hRee 
derc ;  and  they  plundered  Tir-da-glas,  and  Lothra,  and  pj«ndered, 
Ouain-Ferta,  and  Cluain-mic-nois,  and  Inis  Clothrann,  Meathand 
and  Inift-bo-fuine,  and  the  churches  of  Loch  Bibh,  in  like  wn^Con- 
manner ;  and  the  west  of  Midhe  and  the  south  of  Con-  A.D.  922. 
nacht ;  and  they  killed  Duach,  king  of  Aidhne,'  and  num- 

bers  of  others;  and  they  airived  safely  again  at  Luimnech, 
without  battle  or  conflict. 

These  were  the  mighty  deeds^  of  the  şons  of  Elge,  and 
of  the  ships  of  Ath  Cliath,  in  Leth  Cuinn  and  in  Laighin. 
But  their  plimders,  and  their  battles,  and  their  oonflicts, 
are  not  fully  in  recoUection,  and  are  not  enumerated  in 
books. 

XXXV.  We  proceed  now  to  reiate  here  the  history  of  HUtoryof 
the  [men  of]  Mumhain  and  of  the  sons  of  Imar,  for  they^  alone  in  Mister, 
sustained  half  the  troubles  and  oppressions  of  all  Erinn. 

The  Early  Oiter  Dubh,®  came  with  an  hundred  ships  to 


•Mue-Imto/Rioffkaa:  Le.,theHog 
laload  of  St  BiaghmU  or  Begnlns. 
For  A  cntioua  series  of  cnon  abont 
thia  island,  ne  Dr.  O'DonoYan^B  valiia- 
hle  note,  Foar  M.,  A.D.  743,  p.  845. 

•  Duadk,  Kuiff  of  Ăidhm,  Thia  \b 
pfobably the  same  penomwho is called 
by  the  Fovr  U.  **lCaol  mic  Duaich, 
lord  of  Aidhne,"  and  who  they  say  waa 
■Uin  by  the  fordgnen  A.D.  920  [922]. 

^  ţie  wight^  deedi.  This  snmmazy 
iBAiks  ihe  termîiiatioa  of  a  fini  part 


or  divieion  of  the  woik,  in  which  the 
anthor  haa  ooUected  whatever  he  ooold 
flnd  recorded  of  the  deeds  of  the  pirates 
in  all  parts  of  Ireland.  The  remainder 
treate  almoet  exdoÂTely  of  their  ra^ 
▼Bgee  in  MonBter. 

<  Far  thejf :  Le.,  the  men  of  Mamluun 
or  Mmmter. 

•  OUer  Dubk,  Oiter  or  Otter,  the 
Black.  We  have  had  mention  in 
chapter  xzviiL,  of  the  axiiral  of  an 
Ead  Otter,  at  Loch  da  Caech  [Water- 


40 


coţccDli  scce^otiel  ne  saltcciMi. 


Names  of 
the  princi- 
pal chief- 
taina  who 
inyaded 
Mnnster. 


Eaiiotter  Laiţige,  ocuf  fio  hnTOţio*  leif  ai|i€eti  THumcm,  octif  a 

arrivosat'    '^©IfCeT^^»   OCUf   jW)   TOIţlBlţl  ţO    COIH,   OCtJf   ţX)   ^eiUflfie 

Waterford.  gali  uile  icTO,  OCUf  ţio  €occai15  tt  ciof  fiio^Da  poţiiux.  "Oo 
lioncrfi  TTlutîia  ml©  -do  €ola  «luroBatl,  ocuf  vo  mtifi- 
byitt^c  'Dicnfneifi  lon^,  ocuf  Icn'beti^,  ocuf  coTinxxS,  cona£ 
ţiaiBe  cuan,  na  caUrb^opc,  no  "oân»  no  XHnngen,  no  Dinsna 
1  TTltjrfiain  uile  jan  loingeap  "Oanmapccach  ocuf  all- 
muţiach* 

XXXVI.  'Cainicc  ann  atîi  loin^ef  Oibeţvo,  ocuf  loinţep 
ODUin-D,  OCUf  loinjef  Sî^ifpn,  ocuf  loingef  ^nucccgaiţie, 
OCUf  loin^ef  LogniuinT),  ocuf  loingef  Ojiuilb,  ocuf 
loingef  Siqfiiufa,  ocuf  loin^ef  buiT)nin,  ocuf  loinjef 
bi|inT)in,  OCUf  loin^ef  LiogfiflaS,  ocuf  loingef  Tx>i|i- 
begţvDoi^,  OCUf  loin^ef  ©oan  baţiun,  ocuf  loingef  ÎTIilit) 
buu,  OCUf  loin^ef  «uimin,  ocuf  loingef  8uainin,  ocuf 
loingef  na  Mnfeine  Ruai-be  fa  •5eoi§.  Cit)  vţia  afic  fu)pa% 
neîhni  olc  'oa  fp uaif  6ife  i  na^fe^a*  uile  na  pe^na  fin. 
Ro  hinTma*  an  TTIutîiu  uile  to  coircionn  leo  fin  an 
mittedby  5CCC  let,  OCUf  fo  haifcceu  Ocuf  fo  fccaoilfioc  pon 
M^ta  1T^yrfi«^">  OCUf  *D0  fonairc  'oCiin,  ocuf  Txnnsne,  ocuf 
caUropuifT;  vo  Ojiinn  uile,  co  na  ţiaiBe  lonoD  in  ©jiinn 
gan  loingef  lionmati  vo  "BaninaţiccacaiB,  ocuf  T)allmuţi- 
choiB  ann ;  co  n-oeţinfac  pefwnn  cjiei^e,  ocuf  cloit)ini,ocuf 
pofsaBala  50  poifleian,  ocuf  50  coir6enn  [t)i]  ;  ocuf  ţio 
aifccfioT;  a  x^uacai  ocuf  a  ccella  cootinf ,  ocuf  a  neiitfie5ai 
OCUf  fo  ţxîcaoilfeT;  a  fcfine,  ocuf  a  mionna,  ocuf  a 
liubfia.  Ro  T)ilaiqiiccfioc  a  Txemplu  caeiîiu  cuA-oaC- 
za,  -0015  ni  ţiaiBe  caouf,  no  onoif,  no  comaipce,  05 
cefmonn,  no  anacal  vo  cili  no  vo  neirfie^,  tk)  *Oia,  no 


Therav- 


ford  haibonr],  who  afterwatâa  went  to 
Sootland  and  waa  killed  in  battle  theie 
hy  Constantine  III.,  A.D.  916  (chap. 
xzix.,  and  note  •,  p.  84).  The  Otter 
Dubh  here  mentioned  eettled  at  Poft 
Laiige,  another  name  for  Waterford, 
and  this  natnially  leada  na  to  soapect 
that  he  ia  the  same  aa  the  Earl  Otter 
of  chap.  xxYÎiL 

^A  Dm,     The  words  her6  nsed, 
Dm^  Domgmt  Dmgnot  all  signify  afort 


orfortreas.  It  is  not  ea87  to  define  the 
precise  diff etenoe  between  them.  Dm, 
ia  in  Scotland  Doom ;  in  Wales,  Dm;  in 
Ganliah,  ^tum;  Latinized,  dmmm^  aa  in 
Lag>^dnniun,  Augusto-donnm,  Ac.;  in 
England,  «on^  towm.  It  aeema  to  aig- 
nify  a  fortlfied  hill  or  monnd.  Dak^fm 
(dnngeon)  ia  a  walled  fort  or  atzoog 
tower;  hence  dmii^ii^un,  I  fortifjr. — 
JDingfM,  ia  apparenUy  only  another  f onn 
of  the  same  word.    Qf,  Zmn^  p.  80  n. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WLTK  THE  GAILL. 


41 


Port  Lairge,  and  the  east  of  Mumhain  was  plundered  by  Eariottcr 
hîm,  and  its  sonth ;  and  he  put  all  under  tribute  and  ser-i^^^^ 
vioe  to  the  foreigners ;  and  he  levied  his  royal  rent  upoiaWaterfonL 
them.    The  whole  of  Mumhain  became  fiUed  with  im- 
mense  floods,  and  oountless  8ea-v<xnitings  of  ships,  and 
boats,  and  fleets,  so  that  there  was  not  a  harbour,  nor  a 
landing-port,  nor  a  Diin,'  nor  a  fortress,  nor  a  faatness,  in 
all  Mmnhain,  without  fleets  of  Danes  and  pirates.^ 

XXXVI.  There  eame  there,  also,  the  fleet  of  Oiberd,  Kamei  of 
and  the  fleet  of  Oduinn,  and  the  fleet  of  Griflin,  and  the  ^^^' 
fleet  of  Snuatgar,  and  the  fleet  of  Lagmann,  and  theţainswho 
fleet  of  Erolf,  and  the  fleet  of  Sitriuc,  and  the^fleet  of  S^^J^, 
Buidnin,  and  the  fleet  of  Bimdin,  and  the  fleet  of  lia- 
grislach,  and  the  fleet  of  Toirberdaeh,  and  the  fleet  of 
Eoan  Banin,  and  the  fleet  of  Milid  Bun,  and  the  fleet  of 
Snimin,  and  the  fleet  of  Suainin,  and  hifitly  the  fleet  of  the 
Inghen  Rnaidh.'    And  assuredly  the  evil  which  Erinn  had 
hitherto  sufiered  waa  bs  nothing  compored  to  the  evU 
inflicted  by  these  parties.    The  entire  of  Miunhain,  with-  The  nv- 
out  distinction,  was  plundered  by  them,  on  all  sides,  and  '«^  «'™- 
devastated.    And  they  spread  themselves  over  Mumhain ;  them  in  ^ 
and  they  built  Dans,  and  fortreeses,  and  landing-ports,  Munrter. 
over  all  Erinn,  so  that  there  was  no  plaoe  in  Erinn  with- 
out numerous  fleets  of  Danes  and  pirates ;  so  that  they 
made  spoil-land,  and  sword-land,  and  conquered-land  of 
her,  throughout  her  breadth,  and  generally ;  and  they  rav- 
aged  her  chieftainries,  and  her  privileged  churches,  and 
her  sanctuaries^ ;  and  they  rent  her  shrines,  and  her  reli- 
quaries,  and  her  books.    They  demolished  her  beautiful  or- 
namented  temples ;  for  neither  veneration,  nor  honour,  nor 
merc^  for  Termonn/  nor  protection  for  church,  or  for  sanc- 


*  Ikmet  and  piraUt.  ThewordBhere 
nsed  are  "Domniaticcach  (Demnar* 
kiane),  and  aU/Tni]|UicTi,  foreignen 
who  come  from  beyond  the  eea,  har- 
hariana,  pintea. 

■  Inffkm  Ruaidh :  Le.,  the  led-haired 
maiden. 

^atmehtmia.    tleimeD,  a  tem^ 


a  sanctoaiy  (nemer»,  gl 
ZeiuB,  p.  11,  old  Bret  nemec,  tUva. 
ih.  p.  102,  ise),  giebe  land.  Ganliah, 
nemeUm,  See  Petrie*B  JEbcfec  ArdtUmsL 
ofJrekmd,  p.  58-64.  • 

*  Tu  momn.  The  Tennonn  landa  tren 
districta  in  connexion  with  the  chnichea 
poflaening  the  rig^t  of  sanctoaiy  and 


42 


cosocDli  scce'oliet  Re  saLlocibtî. 


Victory  of 
the  Danes 
of  Dablin, 
at  the 
battle  of 
Moine 
Broocain, 
A.D.  949. 


T)o  •DUine,  05  an  1)1101115  gloinnrfiiti  Slip'Oig  geînnrli'&e 
cnmaţifnoţitxxig  ainicq[v6a  fin.  Ci-B  qfia  afc  50  ncnţiim- 
fioji  gainetîi  mofia,  no  peţi  poţi  ţxnuce,  no  ţiecctonToa 
niTÎie,  ni  hufa  a  t:ui|iiotîi,  no  a  oifieifi,  no  a  înnifin,  in  ţio 
ţxyfeaimfiot;  5001*611  uile  co  coicfiionn ;  ici^i  p^ti,  ocuf 
mno,  yz\ji  maca  ocuf  ingena,  ocup  lao^a  ocuf  cieifi&iu, 
en|i  faeţui  octif  T)ae|ux,  exciţi  fena  ocuf  6cca,  xx>  6d[i  ocup 
vo  feififiaifpi,  "00  Docaji,  ocuf  'oeccoifinatit:  uai^iC.  Ci-ft 
rţia  a&c  ţio  maţibfoc  p.io§a,  ocuf  raoififc  fiogDarfina, 
ocuf  p.io§pla6a  ©ponn.  Ro  maţibfoc  qfieoin,  ocup  cpei- 
Tj\tt,  ocup  cpen  mile^a,  anpoi'fe,  ocup  ampoig,  ocup  oicc- 
n^eipn,  ocup  popccla  loCgaile  ocup  ţoipcci'b  na  nţaoi'bel 
uile;  ocup  pop  caipbippioT;  po  6din,  ocup  po  ^eiltpine 
iar),  po  T>aepaic.  ocup  po  mo^panoigicc  lacc  TTloţi  T?pa 
7)0  BannqfiaccaiB  blaiie  bî€e,  ocup  'oingenaiB  maop.'âa 
mîne  mac^acrxi,  ocup  7)occninaiB  puapca  paepa  penga 
puljlopa,  ocup  vo  macaomaibh  maep'oa  mop^lona;  ocup 
T)0  goiRanpai'ft  §apca  gnfoifiaca,  puccpac  a  nT)Ocap,  ocup 
1  nT)aipe  rap  paippge  lefexinglaip  leo.  U6dn !  ba  hioin'&a 
ocup  ba  minic  spua^a  slxtna  glegapca  50  pliu6  'oep- 
poBafi  DuCac  'ooiĂenninafi  annpin,  oc  pcap£ain  metc  pe 
ha6aip,  ocup  in§en  le  moCoip,  ocup  bpafiap  pe  ceile, 
ocup  coiBnepca  pe  a  ccenel,  ocup  pe  a  naicmi. 

XXXVII.  18  pe  loingep  CC€a  Cliafe  pop,  ocup  cloinne 
lofhaip  po  ppaoinea*  ca6  ÎTluini  bpoccain,  "ou  iTxopCuiţi 
Ruai'opi  o  Canon^odin  pî  'Cîpe  ConuilU  ocup  pi  eyienn 
lap  ppoipinn  ele,  ocup  maiCe  in  uiaipceipt;  leip  .1.  rp,ioca 
blia^ain  lap  mapba*  "Neill  ^unT)UiB  le6.  "Oi  blior5ain 
lap  mapba*  tacdn  mic  5oppcr5«>  ocup]  a  cetxxip  imoppo 
ap  mapbao  tnuipcepTXwg  mic  KeilL    1p  pi  pin  blioDoin 


other  priyileges.  The  bonndaries  of 
tfaflie  lânds  wen  maiked  hy  crosses  or 
other  ootupicnoiis  objecte,  and  hence, 
no  doaH  ^^  o*™®  Tennonn,  Ter- 
ifiînmr  See  Ussher  **0n  the  original 
#of  Coibee,  Herenachei,  and  Teimon 
Landa."  Wcrk$  by  Ehington,  toL  zL, 
pw  419,  teq» 
1  FiM    ţontoe,  Ut  a  fiur-gnen, 


a  oommon,  or  fidd  for  viOage  aporta. 
See  /riii  N&miu»,  p.  98,  note  «. 
.  •  Waa  gamed.  The  Ann.  Ult^  L. 
Gubh.,  Fonr  M.,  and  Keat,  lepresent 
the  Danea  aa  haying  been  dcfeaied  in 
this  battle;  and  Keating  makee  Congm- 
lach,  king  of  Iidand,  the  leader  of  the 
victoriooa  party.  Aa  Congalach,  mă 
certainly  oppoaed  to  Boaidhri  O^Canan- 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL.  43 

tnary,  for  God,  or  for  man,  was  felt  by  this  furious,  fero- 
cious,  pagan,  ruthless,  wrathful  peoplf .  In  short,  until 
the  sand  of  the  sea,  or  the  grasa  of  the  field,'  or  the  stars 
of  heaven^re  counted,  it  will  not  be  easy  to  recount,  or 
to  enumerate,  or  to  reiate  what  the  Gaedhil  all,  withouţ 
distinction,  suffered  from  them:  whether  men  or  women, 
boys  or  girls,  laies  or  clerics,  freemen  or  serfs,  old  or  young; 
— indignity,  outrage,  injury,  and  oppression.  In  a  word, 
they  killed  the  kings  and  the  chiefbains,  the  heirs  to  the 
crown,  and  the  royal  princes  of  Erînn.  They  killed  the 
brave  and  the  vaHant ;  and  the  stout  knights,  champions, 
and  soldiers,  and  young  lords,  and  the  greater  part  of 
the  heroes  and  warriors  of  the  entire  Gaedhil ;  and  they 
bronght  them  under  tribute  and  servitude  ;  they  reduced 
them  to  bondage  and  slavery.  Many  were  the  blooming, 
lively  women;  and  the  modest,  mild,  comely  maidens; 
and  the  pleasant,  noble,  stately,  blue-eyed  young  women; 
and  the  gentle,  well  brought  up  youths,  and  the  intellî- 
gent,  valiant  champions,  whom  they  carried  off  into  op- 
pression and  bondage  over  the  broad  green  sea.  Alas  1 
many  and  frequent  were  the  bright  and  brilliant  eyea 
that  were  suffused  with  tears,  and  dimmed  with  grief  and 
despair,  at  the  aeparation  of  son  from  father,  and  daughter 
from  mother,  and  brother  from  brother,  and  relatives  from 
their  race  and  from  their  tribe. 

XXXVII.  It  was  by  the  fleet  of  Ath  Cliath,  and  of  Vîctoryof 
the  sons  of  Imar,  that  the  battle  of  Muine  Broceain  was  ^*i^^^ 
gained^;  in  which  were  killed  Buaidri  O'Canannan,  king  at  the 
of  Tir  Conaill,  and  king  of  Erinn,  aecording  to  other  peo-  muL**^ 
ple,  and  the  nobles  of  the  North  along  with  him  ;  thirty  Broceain, 
years  after  Niall  Glundubh  was  killed  by  them.     Two 
years  after  Lachtîn,  son  of  Gtoffraidh,  was  killed];  and  four 
after  Muirchertach,  son  of  Niall,^  was  killed.     This  was 


nan,  and  there  were  probably  Danes 
or  Norsemen  on  both  sides — ^these 
statements  may  not  be  inconsistent 

'  Muirchertaeh,  son  of  Niall.    Sar* 
named  **  of  the  leather  doaks,**  slain 


A.D.945.  See  the  "  Ctrcttt^  o//r«2afuf 
ofMuirchertachMac  JVea2,"edited  with 
a  Translation  and  notes,  by  Dr. 
O'Donovan,  for  the  Irish  Archjeulogi- 
cal  Society, 

•d3 


44 


cosoroti  sae'oîiel  ifie  saLLccibti. 


Death  of 
Gongalach, 
king  of 
Ireland, 
A.D.  956. 

Battle  of 
Kflmoon, 
co.  Meath, 
A.D.  973. 


Battle  of 
Cathair 

CUAIL 


ţio  hcnţisefeT;  ^aiU  Cenannuf  Coluim  Cilii,  ocuf  fiucfccn 
^  cez  7)0  byiair;  oţ.  18  fi  fin  blicroain  ayi  maţibcro 
Cen-neuig  mac  Lopcan  fii  'CuaT)  THuman  ocuf  ţii-oomna 
CaifiL  0 

XXXVIII.  18  leo,  T)na,  aT)|iocai|i  Con^alac  mac 
TTlailmiTnS  |ii  'Cemyiac  ocuf  Ojietro  uit,  ocuf  ma€i  peaţi 
îTli-Di  urni ;  T)i  pabi  ic  poyibai]^  poţi  Lai^nib,  f ecx  blia-ona 
a\i  mafibaD  RuaD^ii ;  .xun.  lafi  Congalac  if  leo  vo 
fiainex)  coc  Cilii  TTlona  foyiT)omTiall  macTUuipceţiixiis 
pofi  |ii5  'Cemyiac,  'ou  i'oţaocaiix  CCiiduI  mac  THaT)Ucan  |ii 
UloD,  ocuf  ^Ooii-Dcuan  ni  ac  inaelmui|ii  ţii  CCi  fideli,  octif 
Cinaic  mac  meic  Cţion^ailli,  ocuf  îTlaelbyii^i  mac 
^ctî^bica  fi  Ua  nOiac,  ocuf  Pef^Uf  pal  fi  CoT)laip, 
ocuf  focaiT)!  mof  ofoen  fiu  fin.  18  leo,  "ona,  fo 
mafbaD  ITluifcefcac  mac  *Oomnaill  fiDomna  'Cempac 
ocuf  Of  enT),  ocuf  mac  T)omnaill  mic  Con^alai^  f  iT)om- 
na  ele  C^ienT)  .i.  oci:  mblicrona  laffin  cac  f emunu  18 
ifin  bliaT)ain  rucar)  cac  Carfac  Cuan  im  TTlumain  fi 
Of  ian. 


^Plundered,     CCp,  aiiiseccaţi,  B. 

^TenhundreeUcez^B.^  "onehundred." 
This  plundering  of  Cenannus,  or  Kells 
of  Meath,  ia  mentioned  by  the  Four  M. , 
at  949,  bat  the  number  of  priâoncrs  is 
perhaps  exaggerated ;  the  Ann.  Uit. 
(A.D.  950,  (U.  951),  ssy  "ubi  capta 
sunt  tria  milia  hominum  vel  plus ;"  and 
the  Four  M.  give  the  same  number. 

»  Cennedigh.  CemneiCTnj  mac  Lofi- 
cccin,  B. 

*  AU  JErimu  Uite  aţvcena,  B., 
"  all  Ireland  together." 

«  Of  Midhe.  ţe'fi  nerveun,  B., 
^'men  of  Ireland.**  The  immediate 
foUowers  of  the  supreme  king  of  Ire- 
land, wben  he  was  of  the  Southern  Hy 
Neill,  were  called  iodifferently  '*  men 
of  Meath,"  and  '*  men  of  Ireland." 

«  A/ier.    lafi,  B.    See  eh.  xxxvîL 

7  Seventeen,     B.  reads,  Ocuf  -xuii., 

laf   cConsaUcch    vo    ffaoine^ 


[jiaineT),  D.]  which  makes  "seven- 
teen  years  after  Congalach*'  to  be  the 
date  of  the  battle  of  Cili  Mona. 

8  cm  Mona.  ÎTItiine  ÎTlona,  B. 
Cili  ÎTIonaiD,  Keat.  Citt  ITlona, 
Four  M.  who  give  970  (  =  978)  as  the 
date  of  thiâ battle:  this  wouldbe  twentv- 
two  years  after  the  death  of  Congalach. 

^  Arduly  son  ofMaducan.  Ardglial, 
son  of  Matudan,  B.  Son  of  Madudan, 
Four  M.     Son  of  Madagân,  Keat. 

10  Son  ofMaelmuire,  Om.,  B.  Don- 
accun  Mac  Maoilmoire,  Four  M.  and 
Keat. 

'^  Son  of  CronghaUU,  Cinecro  tnac 
meic  Rojilti,  B.,  "son  of  the  son  of 
Roghm."  "  Cinaedh,  son  of  Croin- 
ghille,  lord  of  ConaiUe,"  Four  M. 

^^UanEthack,  Uanech-oacColki, 
B.  Now  Iveagb,  county  Down.  See 
Book  ofRighU,  p.  165,  and  Dr.  O'Dono- 
y«]i*s  not«  ^ 


WABS  OF  TSE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


45 


the  year  in  which  the  foreigners  plundered'  Cenannus  of 
Colum  Cille,  and  carried  off  from  thence  ten  himdred' 
capiives.  This  was  the  year  in  which  was  killed  Cenne- 
digh,'  son  of  Lorcan,  king  of  north  Mumhain,  and  heir 
apparent  of  CaiaeL 

XXXVIII.  It  was  by  them,  too,  fell  Congalach,  sonDeathof 
of  Ma^bnithigh.  king  of  Temhair.  and  of  aU  Erinn,*  and  ^«^ 
the  nobles  of  the  men  of  Midhe^  with  him,  while  heinUmd, 
was  making  war  on  the  men  of  Laighin ;  seven  years 
after^  Ruaidri  was  killed.     Seventeen^  years  after  Con- 
galach  the  battie  of  Cili  Mona^  was  gained  by  them  Sattie  of 
over  Domhnall,  son  of  Muirchertach,  king  of  Temhair,  ^*^"*2t 
in  which  fell  Ardid,  son  of  Maducan,^  king  of  Uladh,  A.D.  973. 
and  Donncuan,  son  of  Maelmmre,'^  king  of  Aiighiall, 
and  Cinaeth,  son  of  the  son  of  Cronghaille/'  and  Mael- 
biighde,  son  of  Qairbith,  king  of  Ua  nEthach,^^  and  Fergus 
Fial,  king  of  Codlaighe,^^  and  great  numbers^^  along  with 
thenL     It  was  by  them,  too^  were  killed  Muirchertach, 
son  of  Domhnall,  heir  of  Temhair  and  of  Erinn ;  and  the 
son  of  Domhnall,'*  son  of  Congalach,  another  heir  of 
Erinn,  eight  years  after  the  aforesaid  battie.     It  waâ^^  in  BatUe  of 
this  year  the  battie  of  Cathair  Cuan,  in  Mumhain,  was  qJ|^' 
fought  by  Brian.*^ 


1*  Codimgke.  Cuoilsne,  B.,  which 
is  prohably  the  trae  reading.  Cod- 
kdgke  is  nnknown. 

^  Great  mmben.  <8ocai'6e  ete 
mTTie,  B.,  **Dum7  othenwith  them." 

^'Son  qf  DomknalL  The  Fonr  M. 
record  these  deatha  thua: — «t  the  year 
976  (which  onght  tobe  977  or  978,  as  in 
Aim.Ult.)  "  Hiiirchertach,80ii  of  Domh- 
nall  Ua  Neill,  and  C!ongalach,  son  of 
DomhnaH,  son  of  Congalach,  two  heirs 
of  Irdand  (rta  ţiio^Dorhna  &Tienn), 
were  dain  by  Amlaoibh,  son  of  Sitrioc** 
B.  reads  instead  of  *^and  the  son  of 
Domhnall,  son  of  Congalach,  &&,** 
octi|*  tnac  TTliiiticeţxcaiJ  mic  "Doiti- 
ficnlU  Ociiţ'o6cTnbli(rDnaioc)[ifiT) 


cticccFD  couh  Peifiotnn  :  **and  the 
son  of  Muirchertach,  son  of  DomhnalL 
And  eight  yean  after  this,  the  battie  of 
Femhann  was  fonght**  The  Fonr  M. 
place  the  death  of  the  two  presnmptiye 
heirs  of  the  crown  in  the  year  brfore 
the  battie  of  Kilmoon ;  there  is  there- 
fore  Bome  error.  It  seems  probable 
that  for  ca6  jvemiin'O,  ^  the  aforesidd 
battie,**  in  the  text,  we  should  read 
cat  Perfian,  **  the  battie  of  Femhan." 
The  plain  of  Femhann  is  in  the  oonnty 
Tipperuy.  SeeBooko/JUghtt^p.lS,''. 
Cathair  Cuan  is  mentioned  again,  chap. 
hdT. 

w  It  was.    ^Ţ  in  blioroain  pt»,  B. 

17  By  Bnaa.    Ria  mbriiocn,  B. 


46 


coscroli  scce'otiel  ne  sallccibtî. 


Battle  of 
Bithhum, 
A.D.  97& 


Victoiy 
overtheCe- 
nel  Comullf 
A.D.  978. 


Battle  of 
Tara, 
A.D.  98a 


Liberation 
of  Domh- 
nallClaeiif 
king.of 
Leinster. 


XXXIX.  18  teo,  'ona,  fo  hinţiGD  cctC  ic  btClcnu'O  i 
THuig  txxgen,  poţi  U^oiiie  mac  Tucrcail  pop  ţii  txxgen 
•DU  iTi'oţiocaiii  Uţcnţie  peiii  aproţii  Logen,  ocuf  îniii|teT)a6 
mac  Riain  fw  Ua  Cen^ofelotg,  ocup  Congalac  mac  pioin-D 
|ii  Lege  octif  TleSer.  1f  leo,  'ona,  'oa  ţwneî)  cc[6  ele  poft 
Cetiel  Conaill  ipin  bliODatî)  ceuna»  vn  fopocaiji  Wiall 
Ua  Canannatn  ţit  Ceneil  Conaill,  ocup  mac  metc  Conga- 
loig  mic  tnailmi^s  |iiT)omna  'Cemţiafi,  octip  mac  mic 
THuţicaDa  ^un-pfu-laţi  ţifocmna  &I15.  1p  leo,  rpa, 
va  cufiet)  ca6  'Cempac  fie  tnaelpeclain'o  mac  Tk)miiaill 
fie  îttg  OfienT)  1  c\r\v  va  blioDai)  laţipin.  ba  pae  vo 
ce£uaţi  ve  comţiiaSixnn  anv,  abc  ba  meppa  vo  na 
gallaib;  Dtt  1  'oţiocaiii  Rognall  mac  OCmlaib  ţii  gali 
am),  octtp  Conmael  mac  S^lli,  aţvoţii  ele  gali,  ocup 
ma€i  gali  CC^a  Clia6  ar\v  uli,  ocup  co  nT)ecaiT)  CCmlaib 
mac  Siqfiiuja  apiiţii  gali  1  naili^i  co  tlî  Coluim  Cilii, 
laţipin  ţiob  ecen  do  gallaib  oplucuT)  tk)  *Oomnall  Claen 
•oa  ţiig  Ixigen,  -oa  bi  blia^ain  illaim  accu  aţi  pelloD 
•o'OCmlaib  paiţu 


1  Wa$  gwm,  "Do  pTioniiecr6  cat 
os  bio£lann  1  Hlvigi  Lcognit)»  &, 
a  better  leadiBg. 

s  King  qfLaighm,    Om.,  B. 

^Hinueff,  t)iit>ein  .1.  ţii  Loiţen,  B. 

<  And  jBteftefc  Om.,  B.  The  Aim. 
ITlt  date  this  battle  977  or  978.  The 
Foar  M.  place  it  in  97^  the  same  year 
in  which  they  leoord  the  battle  of  Kil- 
moon. 

^Gamed,  %U> ŢXwmnecebtB.  The 
Fonr  M.  teii  na  (976),  and  Ana.  Uit 
(977, 978),  that  this  battle  waa  gained, 
not  by  the  Konemen  of  Dublin,  but 
by  the  Aixghialla  (Oriei)  over  the 
Cinei  Conaill;  but  it  ia  probable  that 
the  Orieb  had  aecuzed  the  ald  of  the 
Nonenen. 

^Jk  the  tame  ftat,  D.  leada,  ip 
ipin  bticcDcnn  cecno.  The  reading 
of  B.  haa  been  aabetituted. 

^Omgaladu  B.  haa  mac  Con- 
'galcDţ,  **  the  flon  of  Coogalach." 


^SmoflkeKn.  TTIac  ITIiifiâoRMi, 
B.,  "son  of  Muichadh."  The  Four  H. 
haye  the  same  leading. 

^  Murchad  Ghm^fH4air,  '«Muichad 
of  the  Knee  on  the  ground  ;**  gluTiiV- 
tcqfi,  Four  M.,  which  Dr.  0*Conor 
translates  as  if  it  were  ^Ain  ţioUcnţi, 
Gmn  agmksy  **Muicliad  of  the  Eagle 
Knee,**  Jier.  Hib.  ScripL  iii,  p.  607; 
but  tiiia  does  not  seem  yeiy  intelll- 
gible. 

M  jEVmm.  ^CertiiMic,  B.,  "  king  of 
Ta»." 

"îFoe.  Ocup  baţi,  B.  piseril, 
oppoeed  to  po,  good.  poe,  Lat  vae^ 
ia  woe. 

1*  Tk&n  fiJL    1)615  '00  «aic,  B. 

^Kimg.   aiTii>tM,B.,"chl«fking." 

^  CommteL  B.  omite  tDac  ţilU 
afVDţii  ele  ^U. 

i»CfiUe.  GilUAire,  Ttffemadk.  Om- 
aini,  Fimr  M,  Conamlial  Hao  Air- 
rigall,  Axm  Uit    '«Conambal,  son  of 


WARS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


47 


XXXTX.  It  was  by  them,  aJso,  that  a  defeat  în  battle  Battie  of 
waa  given*  at  Bithlann,  in  Magh-Laighen,  to  TJgaire,  JJ^J^y^. 
Bon  of  Tuathal,   kîng  of  Laighin,^  where  fell  Ugaire 
liimself,'  chief  kîng  of  Laighîn,  and  Muiredach,  son  of 
Rian,  kîng  of  the  TTa-Cennselaigh,  and  Congalach,  son 
of  Flann,  kîng  of  Lege  and  Rechet.^    It  was  by  them,  Vîctory 
too,  another  battle  was  gained^  over  the  Cenel  Conaill  în  ^"co^diL 
the  same  year,^  în  which  fell  Nîall,  grandson  of  Canannan,  A.D.  97a 
kîng  of  the  Cenel  Conaîll,  and  the  son  of  the  son  of  Con- 
galach,^  son  of  Maelmîthîgh,  heîr  of  Temhaîr,  and  the  son 
of  the  son^  of  Mnrchad  Glim-firi-lar,^  heîr  of  AîlecL     It  BatUe  of 
was  by  them,  too,  was  fonght  the  battle  of  Temhaîr^J'ggQ^ 
agaînst  Maelsechlainn,  son  of  DomhnaU,  kîng  of  Erinn,^^ 
two  years  affcer  the  above.    It  was  woe^'  to  each  party  to 
meet  there ;  but  ît  was  worse  for  the  foreîgners;  for  there 
fell'*  Ragnall,  son  of  Amlaibh,  kîng**  of  the  foreîgners, 
and  Conmael,'^  son  of  Gîlle,'^  another  hîgh  kîng  of  the 
foreîgners,  and  all'^  the  nobles  of  the  foreîgners  of  Ath 
Clîath ;  and  Amlaîbh,  son  of  Sîtrîuc,  hîgh  king*^  of  the 
foreîgners,  went  on  a  pîlgrîmage  to  Hi  of  Coliun  CîUe.^® 
After  thîs   the  foreîgners   were   compelled  to  liberate  lâbentioa 
DomhnaU  daen,  kîng  of  Laighîn,  who  had  been  a  year  ^cuSm, 
în  theîr  cnstody,  after  Amlaîbh's  treacherous  conduct*^  kîng  of 


towardshîm. 


Leiiuter. 


Axngal,**  or  rather  '*  son  of  the  Air-ri 

[aab-kmg]  of  the  foroignexe.**    Thie 

Utter  leading  ia  probably  oorrect,  and 

was  easfly  conxtpted  into  Arâri  ffoOy 

"  high  kîng  of  fordgnera."   The  names 

Ccmmad  [the  old  GanHsh  Cimomaglo§] 

and  GUle  are  deddedly  Celtic 

M  AU.    B.  omitB  cent)  «ii  octtyv 

^''BtgkhiHff,   B.  omitB  ofi'DYii  S<x^ 

^ToHi  Cot¥m  CfiOe,    B.  reads,  co 

tli  Cotmm  Cilie  lot^fin ;  ocii|*  x>ob 

*oc!ii  no  Sfi^UontS  Tc-s  "To  HI  Co- 

hdm  Cille  after  that;  and  the  foreignen 

wero  compelled,"  &c    In  the  maigin 

of  B.  s  hand  coeral  with  the  MS.  haa 

irritten  "AmUna  peregrinatar  ad  in- 


solam  Hiensem."  Keating  (Rei^m 
of  Madnckhmn)  repfesents  AmlafTs 
letirement  to  Hy  as  the  lesnlt  of  corn- 
pnlsion,  not  of  religions  penitence, 
which  the  word  pilgrimage  (aititfii) 
impUes.  The  Four  BL  ssy,  that  he 
died  at  Hy  *^  after  penanoe  and  a  good 
lîfe ;"  and,  so  alao  saja  Tigemach,  «oo 
■Dut  00  hi  om  oitfiiţe,  "he  went  to 
Hy  in  penance,**  A.D.  980. 

^  TftadyarouM  eombtei,  OCfi  poH, 
B.  The  liberatiott  of  DomhnaU  Cken, 
kîng  of  Leinster,  is  dated  by  the  Fonr 
M.  the  year  after  the  battle  ci  Temhair, 
or  Taxa;  but  Tigemach  plaoesit  hi  th# 
same  year,  98(X 


48 


coscroli  soce'oliel  ae  sallcnbîi. 


The  im- 
moiMfleet 
of  Imar, 
grandionof 
Imar,  and 
hiBBoni. 


They 
encamp 
at  Inia- 
Sibtonn. 


Theextent 
of  their 
oppraaiian. 


XL.  txxnic  laţifin  1115  longef  crobul  moji,  bomufitiici 
na  gac  longei^ ;  uctifi  ni  6anic  a  hînnamail  coţnnaiUiuţ* 
in  ©yiinT)  |iiani,  la  hlmaţi  tia  nlmaifi  op-ofii  gali,  ocuf  la 
rfii  maccaib  .1.  la  T)uBcenT)  ocuf  CCiallaiT)  ocuf  CCpalc 
meic  Imaiţu  Ro  gab  poffOD  ocuf  porlonspoţiT;  leofin 
in  Inif  SibconT)  aţi  c«an  tuuimţ.  Ro  qpteacaD,  ocuf 
fU)  hinfieT)  TYlumu  ţjoţi  gafi  lei  turoa  fin,  eceţi  cella 
ocuf  raiaua,  ocuf  gabaif  biicngci,  octif  er^jii,  'oe  peţuiib 
ni  uman  uli  erjeţi  gali  octif  goe^el,  ocuf  jio  uaiţibiţi  po 
fmacr;  ocuf  po  geitfint  'oîccrnexn  vo  gallaib  ocup  tk) 
anmapcaib  laţifin.  T>o  oyiXHiiC,  imoţipo,  ţiiga  ocup 
raife£u,  maeţiu  ocuf  ţieafcaiţieDii,  >n  cafi  nyi  ocup  in  cac 
€uai6  layifin,  ocup  'oa  iogaib  tn  cif  ţii^Da.  ba  he  po, 
•ona,  rfiuma  canac  ocup  cipa  nogall  poji  ejiinT)  uli  co 
pojile^n  ocup  co  corcenT)  .1.  ţii  poţi  co£  xnp  ua6ib,  ocup 
coepea£  poţi  ca£  uuaiu,  ocup  abb  poţi  cac  cili,  ocup 
maeip  poţi  cac  mbali,  ocup  puapcleafi  ca6  T;\p,  conafi 
ţiabi  confimuip  ic  'ouni  'oeţiaib  OţienT)  ceu  bleţon  a  bo, 
na  comeip  lini.  oen  6iţici  -ou^aib  "oo  "oin,  no  vo  'oigţiaip'oa 
pinpep  no  "Donamcaiţic,  acu  a  map^ain  tx)  maeiţi,  no  "oo 


^  WomderfiiL     ha   muţinise».  B., 


**  more  nameronfl.'* 


*  Ju  KhenesM,  Oifi  ni  tonic  a 
lonnţxnhcDt  no  a  copmcnleţ*,  B. 

*  Imar,  gratuUon  of  Imar,  La  hOCifi- 
laib  moţi  «a  nlomoitv,  B.,  "with 
ÂfflUaibh  the  6reat,gnnd8on  of  Imar." 

<  With  tkree  mmt,  ta  a  qfti  mac- 
caibţ^nt  B.,  "with  his  thne  sona." 

*  DMcaid.  ta  Dm^n'O,  ocay 
Ca-aUxns,  ocnţ»  CCtuitc  B. :  "With 
Dabhginn  [Black  head],  and  Ca-al- 
laigfa  [Wild  dog],  and  Aialt  [Haroid]." 

«  8om  of  Imar     Om.,  B. 

1  Landti.  Ho  ^txro  pof<i6,  B., 
"they  took  rast,"  or  "stopped.**  It 
ia  remarkable  that  thia  gnat  fleet  ia 
not  mentionod  in  the  Aimala. 

B  SiUond,    SipconT),  B. 

9  Mumkam,  In  ciţi  leo»  ocup 
TTltifha  tnle  ori  goi  let,  B. :  "The 
ooontiy  waa  laraged  and  plnndered 


by  t^enii  and  aU  Momhaln  on  everjr 
aide."    Uotmx  ţ*in.    Om.,  B. 

^  LevietU  Ho  gabţiic  eiî>if\e6a 
peţi  TUnifiain  iceţv  gaUa  ocaj*  501- 
'DeatOf  B. :  "  They  took  hoetagea  from 
the  men  of  Monater,  whether  Gaill  or 
Gaedhfl."  Meaning  by  GaOi  the  fb- 
nignera  who  had  pvevionalj  aettled  in 
Mmister,  and  had  come  to  be  regaided 
aa  "men  of  Monater,"  ao  that  the  new 
inTadera  did  not  diHtingniah  between 
them  and  the  natire  Iriah.  The  next 
danaeocaf  fu>  ceciţibi|v ....  1071  pin, 
ia  omitted  in  B.  CCnma|icai1>,  ia  for 
"Danmcqficcnb  (the  aapiiated  hutial 
D  omitted),  Denmarkiana  or  Danea. 

^Heordamed,  B.  adda  amlaoibh, 
"Amiaff  ordained.**  D.  had  made 
no  mention  of  Amkff,  but  of  "  Imar, 
gnmdaon  of  Imar;"  and,  therefom,  in 
the  text,  "he"  mnat  mean  Imar,  the 
leader  of  the  ezpedition. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


49 


XL.  There  came  after  that  an  immensely  great  fleet, 
more  wonderful^  than  all  the  other  fieets,  (for  its  equal  or 
its  likeness'  never  before  came  to  Eriim,)  with  Imar, 
grandson  of  Imar,^  chief  king  of  the  foreigners,  and  with 
three  sons,^  viz.,  Dubhcenn,^  and  Cu-allaidli,  and  Aralt, 
sons  of  Imar.^  Tbese  landed^  and  encamped  in  Inis- 
Sibtond,^  in  the  harbour  of  LuimnecL  Mmnhain®  waa 
plundered  and  ravaged  on  all  sides  by  them,  both  churches 
and  chieftainries,  and  they  levied^^  pledges  and  hostages 
fix>m  all  tiie  men  of  Mumhain,  both  Gaill  and  Gaedhil ; 
and  they  afterwards  brought  them  under  indescribable 
oppreasion  and  servitude  to  the  foreigners  and  the  Danea 
Moreover,  he  ordained'^  kings  and  chiefs,  stewards  and 
bailiffs,  in  every  temtoiy,  and  in  every  chiefbainiy  after 
that^  and  he  levied  the  royal  rent.''  And  such  was^'  the 
oppressiyeness  of  the  tribute  and  rent  of  the  foreigners  over 
all  Erinn  at  large,  and  generally,  that  there  was  a  king 
from  them**  over  eveiy  territory^  and  a  chief  over  eveiy 
chieftainiy,  and  an  abbot  over  eveiy  chiuxîh,  and  a  stew- 
ard  over  eveiy  village,'^  and  a  soldier  in  eveiy  house,  so 
that  none  of  the  men  of  Erinn  had  power*^  to  give  even 
the  milk  of  his  cow,  nor  as  much  as  the  clutch  of  eggs  of 
one  hen  in  suocour  or  in  kindness  tp  an  aged  man,  or  to  a 
friendy  but  wne  forced  to  preserve  them  for  the  foreign 


Theim- 
mensefleet 
of  ImaTi 
granâwmof 
Imar,  and 
hisBona. 


They 
encamp 
atlnis- 
Sibtond. 


Theextent 
of  thdr 
opproHÎon. 


tt  Bojfal  rmL  In  cat  cuait,  oct]|* 
no  toooonb  in  dop  ţvlog^  vno^oa, 
B.,  "the  royal  lent  of  davery." 

V  Stuk  wat.  Ocup  txx  he  fo  uţva 
na  aofa  pn,  B. :  "And  thia  tax  of 
the  foveigiien  waa  orer  all  Inland," 
Ac 

u  From  ikem,  B.  omits  noCit).  But 
the  woM  ia  necessaiy  to  the  aense,  for 
tliia  was  the  grayarnen,  that  a  king,  a 
efaieftain,  an  abbot,  &c,  were  appolnted 
/îrcm  the  raoe  qftheforeîfftten,  to  raper- 
■ede  the  Uwfiil  natÎTe  king,  rhieftain, 
Abbot,  ftc 

u  Over  ecerjf  vOlaffe.  TYIadţi  ca&a 
boobe,  octtf  ţntcncfied,  B. :    "A 


steward  of  ereiy  Tîllage,  and  a  aoldier," 
ftc 

u  Power,  B.  leada  Co  na6  ivonbe 
a  comat*  as  aen  Trame  Tipeiunt) 
dt^enn  c6t>  bleogan  a  b6,  no  coibet|« 
tine  aen  afice  xx)  tii^t>  vo  cab- 
baific  TKX  'oio5fiai|*  no  tnx  anmda- 
TUX1C,  ace  a  moţicain  tiile  non 
maeţi,  no  von  cpiatqfied  CCtlmajfi- 
va,  B. :  "  So  that  not  one  of  the  men 
of  Iieland  had  power  to  giye  eren  the 
milk  of  his  cow,  nor  aa  much  aa  the 
dntch  of  eggs  of  one  hen  from  kind- 
ness orfriendship,  but  [was  compelled] 
to  preserve  all  for  the  steward  or  for 
the  soldier  ol  the  pirates.** 

£ 


50 


cosccDti  scceT)1iel  ne  satLonbli. 


Iieafccnţie,  no  tK)  t\ia\iziea^  goilL  Octif  cit)  oen  somnafi 
no  bei6  ifon  roij,  noSo  lemca  a  ble^on  "oo  năimiţi  oen 
01*061,  no  TK)  T)Uni  salaifi,  ace  a  maţi^oin  "oo  maeiţi  no 
•DO  fiecTXiiîi  no  tk)  fuafiT^leac  gcnlL  Cit)  pccca  no  bei€  in 
ingnaif  in  coigi,  ni  lemţa  aifibejincro  aji  a  cti'Dif  no  aji 
a  iiiTOlmu,  cen  co  bei€  ifccng  a&  oen  bo,  cen  a  mafibcro 
pţii  cuie  na  hen  oi'oci,  mini  posfia  acmoins  a  |ii€olnia 
cena.  Ocup  in  'ouni  ba  hinicrcu  T)on  muinnţi  voi  a  zma- 
fitifctil,  in  la  no  fiagaD  1  coblaS  maţioen  tie  fiigeiina, 
[ocuf ]  a  ţiefcul  lom  vd  amail  no  bei€  ipcaig.  Ocuf  ungi 
•Daţiguc  pinDtiuni  ca6a  ffiona,  ţxxn  cif  tii^oa  lofifin  caca 
blioDctin,  octjf  mu  ica  na6  biT)  acrnainţ  a  ica  e  pein  1 
n'Daiţii  anT). 
Theoppiw-  Cit)  rţia  a£c,  cit)  cec  cenx)  codut;  comqiuai'D  lap.nai'oi  no 
fmdhyihib  ^^^  ^V'  ^^  bfiagic,  ocuf  ceTî  r^enscTO  aig  a£Unn  înntiaji 
iriahinda-  uniaiT)i  nemejisDi  in  -gah  cinT),  ocup  cec  yii  glopctinilada 
glani'Di  nenupcţuroac  o  cac  oen  cengaiT),  ni  caiţiepoD  a 
Cuţiuim,  no  a  apneip,  no  a  apium,  no  a  înnipi  [an]  fio 
ODimpec  jaoDil  uli  co  coccem),  OTueţi  pipu  ocup  ntna,  eceji 
laecu  ocup  cleip^iu,  ecep  penu  ocup  ogu,  eueţi  paipu  ocup 
•oaipu,  T)u  DuaD  ocup  "ou  'oocaiti  ocup  "oo  cmpoţipon  in 
ca6  coig,  on  "opoing  anjbaiT)  anniap£a  aUfnaftoa  glain- 
gencligi  pin.    Ci[i  ba  mop,  rţia,  in  T>o£pa&  ocup  in  can- 


1  And.    Om.  S. 

^Inthe  houae,   Ipci^  fii  t6fti^  B. 

*  Matt  he  k^  CCdc  a  6oifn6cc 
x>on  maeţi  no  T>on  cpicncţveaâ 
ottTnafi.'Da,  ^"6  ţcroa  no  beit  in 
eccmcn-p  a  cije,  B.:  "But  must  be 
kept  for  the  itewaid,  or  the  Boldier  of 
the  piratea,  howerer  long  he  may  have 
been  in  ab«ence  trom  the  houM.** 

<  LetMened.  B.  omită  the  wotds  no 
aţv  a  ţiitotmn,  and  for  the  wordB  fol- 
lowing  has  ^on  go  ntbeit  a|«ci^  (a 
meie  difference  of  speOing). 

s  It  fiMtft  Lit  iritfaoat  its  being 
kiUed.  The  meaning  ia,  that  rather 
than  <^^Twî«î■ll  the  foreigner's  share, 
the  011I7  cow  (even  if  there  were  bat 
one)  muBt  be  kOIed.   B.  omits  cen. 


•  The  meal  OC  ccuro,  B.  **  his 
meaL" 

7  Olhervite  procMted.  IDnna  ţ^pa- 
SaiU6e  oqpcang  a  pfutaitme  ofi- 
cena,  B. 

8  The  mottJtL    bii'6  ini6a,  B. 
*7^dttjf.  InlanotioccrDicoob- 

ta6  ofi  aen  fie  a  dgeimoi  ocmţ  a 
Plieţ^at,  B. 

u>  At  home.    bett  ţein  iŢciţ,  B. 

^FmdrmL  tio  'opionn'op.vine, 
B.  "of  nhrer  or  white  bnmie.**  See 
Batth  ofMagk  Lma^  p.  118,  n, 

^Evtry  «OM.    See  nezt  note. 

^  Inio  ilttverf.  OCcuŢ  on  "omne  og 
noi  bio^  a  aqpoin^  a  beit  ţem  i 
nîxntie,  no  boţiţv  a  ffiSma  vo  bacnn 
VBf  B. :  "And  the  man  who  bad  not 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL.     61 

steward,  or  bailiff,  or  soldier.  And^  though  there  were 
but  one  milk-givîiig  oow  in  the  house,*  she  durst  not  be 
milked  for  an  infant  of  one  night,  nor  for  a  sick  pereon, 
but  must  be  kept*  for  the  steward,  or  bailîff,  or  soldier  of 
the  foreigners.  And,  howeverlonghemightbe  absent  £rom 
the  house,  his  share  or  his  supply  durst  not  be  lessened/ 
although  there  was  in  the  house  but  one  cow,  it  must*  be 
killed  for  the  meal®  of  one  night,  if  the  means  of  a  supply 
could  not  be  otherwise  procured,^  And  the  most  fit* 
person  of  the  family  was  obliged  to  take  wages,  the  day* 
on  which  he  embarked  on  board  ship  with  his  lord,  [and] 
he  must  be  suppiied  with  provision,  as  if  he  was  at  home.^° 
And  an  ounce  of  silver  Findruni^^  for  every  nose,'^  besides 
the  tojbI  tribute  afberwards  eveiy  year;  and  he  who  had 
not  the  means  of  paying  it  had  himself  to  go  into  slaveiy^^ 
for  it. 

In  a  word,  although  there  were  an  hundred  hard^^  steeled  The  oppm- 
îron  heads  on  one  neck,"  and  an  hundred  sharp,  ready,  fc^*^"the 
cool,*^  never-msting,  brazen^^  tongues  in  each  head,  and  an  i^  inde- 
hundred  garrulous,**  loud,  unceasing  voices  from  each"°^     *' 
tongue,  they  could  not  reoount,  or  narrate,  or  enumerate, 
or  teii,  what  aU  the  Oaedhil  suffered  in  eommon,  both 
men  and  women,  laity  and  deigy,  old  and  young,  noble  and 
ignoble,  of  hardship,  and  of  injury,  and  of  oppression,^*  in 
eveiy  house,  from  these  valiant,  wrathful,  foreign,  purely- 
pagan  people.^®    Even*^  though  great  were  this  cruelty, 


tlie  means  of  pftying  it,  he  waa  hinuelf 
conqieUed  to  go  into  daTeiy,  or  elBe 
hÎB  noM  wu  cot  off.** 

^^Hard,  CorDCCccoTnTxtifigenoom- 
dtwon^  B. :  "  Hard,  strong,  stedy.** 

^On<me  nedL  CC\i  gad  aen  bţiâ- 
pDZ,  B.,  ^^on  erery  neck." 

u  Cool  Ifiimofi,  for  fînnţtiaţi, 
"reiy  cold."    1fit>ţraafi,  B. 

^  Braem.    B.  omite  fiefneţvgDi. 

u  Qamloiu.  B.  leade  ^leoţi'oa 
sUnifroe  neimiţidţvcroad  in  gad  aen 
censaro,  ni  ccntvfKXD  a  ctuTiem  no 


a  fjoifnĂiţ»  [copieiţ»,  D.],  no  a 
aiTverh,  no  a  m-oipn  in  ţio  py- 
xxniiiŢioz  [onyivnŢexi^  D.] 

"  Oppreaikm.  T>(VfifOfi\i6a\  ingon- 
ca6,B. 

^  Purefy-pagan  people.  For  alXr- 
morvoa  s^onn  genctii^i  pn,  B.  reade, 
attmofi.'Da  fin-  "  From  theee  foreign 
people.** 

^Effen,  ţeţi  fhdfv  xsfw  cm  t>o6- 
ficare  pn,  ocnţ»  an  canppotifvdn, 
ocnŢ  on  canplaitmp;  getifoc  ile 
loni'oa  ilclanDO,  B. 

£2 


52 


coscToti  saeT)tieL  ue  sccUccibti. 


ţx)|ian  octif  in  ncmploCi  fin  ;  cioţifoc  ailim'oa  a  clanna 
ilbucroaCa  na  heţienT)  ilcenelai^ ;  ciaţifoc  tînmoţi  a 
tiig  ocuf  îii5plati  octif  a  jiisDcmna;  ciaţifoc  im-oa  a 
ufieic  ocuf  qfieml  octif  a  'Ojienmili'o,  a  laic  gaiti,  octif 
gaifciT),  ocuf  gnimaţiia ;  ni  raţvo  ne£  •ooibfin  imanoiţi 
ţVi\iTxicc  no  «ofloisfii  no  hoţiţiana,  no  in  necomneţir  pn 
ţie  focai-oect;  ocuf  |ie  tînmoiţiecc  ocuf  ţie  han5baiT>e£c 
[ocof ]  ţie  hanniaţifiacT;  in  rfluoig  buiţib  ba7>bai'Di  'oicet- 
tiT)  "Docoifc  •DoSomniain'D  o  ţu)  hin^ţier)  in  xxinbofitian  fin, 
fie  f  ebof  a  lti|ie£  lainT)efiT)a  Itaccmaţia  rţie-oualac  cpom 
Snperiority  cpeb^ioiT)  raiimemac ;  ocuf  clai'oium  qiuai'o  comnefu 
Danisii  comCalma ;  octif  a  f leag  femnec  firlebuţi ;  ocuf  na  naţim 
amourand  naig  nafilom  evţuycpc  ecf amait  apcena,  octif  aţi  mec  a 
nanjlonT)  ocuf  an^nimţiaiT)  angaili  ocof  angoifaT),  a 
neiţir,  ocuf  a  nemi,  ocuf  a  mboTxnnlacr,  ţie  ţio  meu  a 
niTXTD  ocuf  a  noncobaiţi  mon  nţi  railc  coţieiB  Txyn'orpeb- 
gloin,  eiffoic,  abnic,  inbeţiaic,  nrioţiglain  maDţieiT)  min- 
fco€aic  e^eriT). 

XLI.  bai,  imoţiţu),  aţiali  ciniUT)  fuaijic  faiţiclann€a 
fofeneoit  fegainT)  in  nOţiinT)  napo  ODcnm  ecomneţic 
na  anţx)ţiţian  no  'oo^ţicrci  ingancaig  o  cinitiT)  ele  if  in 
7)oniun  ţiiam  .1.  clanna  tai'oech  mic  Oengufa  T^iţiic, 
fjiiaţiaceţi  "Dail  Caif  boţiuma,  in  "oaţia  huacni  aiţie- 
£aif,  octif  in  'pccţur  regllac  congbala  ţx)ll<nnnaif  octif 


anns. 


Pnuflesof 
the  de- 
Boendants 
of  Lngh- 
aid. 


^Theirkmgs,  Ciaitfccc  ţiţi  a  ţM§- 
ţîicrta,  ocaf  a  tiiso,  ocof  ţii-ooiii- 
fiopociţ  B. 

«  Heroes.    CC  cqfieâiTi,  B. 

«  Not  cne  of  thtm,  "Mi  z(V(vo  nead 
•oî^fein  ţnficacr  no  puay^ticccro 
na  tionţofiiiâTia  pn,  tio  cm  eocorh- 
naitc  Ţm  le  himcn),  octif  ţie  tîn- 
ftionyiecc,  7c.,  B. 

*  Wrcoh.  Tle  hoiti'oiaitţi'DaâT;  iti 
cţ44i5  twii|tb  borotyoa  batiborvoa 
fin  oţi  tiitnTveoco  an  ranţx>Ttţvân, 
|ve  ţ^ebcfp,  yc,  B. 

•  CcrtliBts.  CC  l^mţieac  loin-oe- 
op.ti'oa,  ccîieat)tvan>,  vcfi&bualAit, 
Txaicneamac,  B. :  "Theîr  polÎAhed, 
tnuty,  treble-plaited,  beautiful  con- 


leta.**  The  Irish  zeader  will  remaik 
the  aUiteration  in  the  adjectivesi  which 
cannotof  couise  be  praserved  in  tnuu- 
lation. 

^ ReaffyjhrUUanL  t4ecciio6c,n6C* 
farfiait,  B. 

»  Vahur.    Wdit,  B. 

^Feroeity.    CC  naim-oetliladc,  B. 

*  Their  thirst  tmd  tkeir  hmiger.  Ocaf 
fie  fn6T>  a  nioca^  ocaf  a  nacoo- 
Ikiim  B. 

^NMy-inhdbUed.  txmnqfvet^tain, 
omitted  in  B.  B.  has  mon  cci|^ 
Txoiloc,  txoitidn^  eafoi^  aibni]g, 
înlîeaţiai^  thâţigloin,  mai^^, 
moin^ifvâi'Dti,  mmţxîortiais  pn  infe 
lae^lome  6tienn :  "For  thiit  hraye, 


•  liW'l] 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


53 


oppression,  and  tyranny;  though  numerous  were  the  oft- 
victorious  dans  of  the  many-familied  Erinn ;  though  nume- 
lous  their  kings,^  and  their  royal  chiefe,  and  their  princes ; 
though  numerouB  their  heroes^  and  champions,  and  their 
brave  soldiers,  their  chiefs  of  valour  and  renown,  and 
deeds  of  arms ;  yet  not  one  of  them'  was  able  to  give 
relief,  alleviation,  or  deliverance  £rom  that  oppression 
and  tyranny,  &om  the  numbers  and  multitudes,  and  the 
cruelty,  and  the  wrath*  of  the  brutal,  ferodous,  furious, 
untamed,  implacable  hordes,  by  whom  that  oppression  was 
inflid^ed,  because  of  the  excellence  of  their  polished,  ample,  Superiority 
treble,  heavy,  trusty,  glittering  corslets* ;  and  their  hard,  ^^^^ 
strong,  valiant  swords ;  and  their  well-rivetted  long  spears ;  armour  and 
and  their  ready,  brilliant*  arms  of  valour^  besides ;  and  *™*' 
because  of  the  greatness  of  their  achievements  and  of  their 
deeds,  their  braveiy  and  their  valour,  their  strength,  and 
^eir  venom,  and  their  ferocity^ ;  and  because  of  the  excess 
of  their  thirst  and  their  hunger^  for  the  brave,  fruitful, 
iiobly-inhabited,^^  fiiU  of  cataracts,  rivers,  bays,  pure, 
smooth-plained,  sweet-grassy  land  of  ErimL 

XLI.  There  was,  however,^^  a  certain  gradous,  noble,  Pniâeso! 
high-bom,  beautifol   tribe  în  Erinn,  who  never   sub-^^j^^i^^ 
mitted^^  to  tyranny  or  oppression,  or  unwonted*'  injuiy,  of  Logh- 
fix)m  any  other  tribe  in  the  world,   namdy,  the  de-" 
scendants  of  Lughaid,^^  son  of  Oengus  Tirech,  who  are 
called  Dai  Cais  Borumha,  one  of  the  two  pillars^^  of  the 
nobiliţy,  and  one  of  the  two  houses^^  that  always  sustained 


iniitfiil,  foii  of  caacades,  riven,  bayi, 
thepuref  aalmon-ftboimdmg,  smooth- 
plainirf,  Bweet-giaaşy  ooontiy  of  the 
bnght  imfaoed  kland  of  EHnn.** 

^Howwer.  B.  omite  iTno|i|U>.  The 
rader  wiU  obserre  that  all  the  fol- 
lowing  pleonastic  epithete  begin  with 
the  letter  j  in  the  original  B.  adda 
aiter  ţ^cnn'D,  "  beautiful,"  |X)cu- 
fncnnn,  jHiefibeţHXC,  "bonntifal,  ac- 
compliahed.** 

UMMÎted:    tio  toDOifh,  eccoTh- 


TidTVC  no  ioTnoiţicYVGnT>}  fict  (inţo|i- 

pATI}  B. 

^Umo&nied,    Inscmcotg.    Om.  B. 

^Lughaid.  Lwţ;oet,  B.  LaiT>ea6, 
D.,  Bee  p.  54,  Une  16.  JMighdăch  ia  the 
gen.ofLii^AaMi^ac8tem.  Ithaaalready 
been  obsenred  that  D.  frequently 
omite  the  aapirated  letten  ţ,  ^  t,  ţ", 
&c.,  as  here  Luitkaeh  for  Imghdeek. 

^ThettDOpiUars,  The  Eoghanachte 
of  Gashel  being  the  other. 

^  Hoîmt.  regllad,  D.  'Cealloâ,  B. 


54 


cosoroTî  saeT)heL  ae  satLonbh. 


pUrBemnaif  eţieiro  îiiain ;  in  zoi[i  xKxi'oleach  TxronemnaS 

Of   coinbb   T^gaiT)!  in   qfiomţalman,  ocuf  in   ix>buţi 

aeb'oa  in  ueni  lonsSeccC  of  legaib  lain'oep.'oa  logmdp, 

ocuf   in  st^ian  slanţiuiinefi  of  oiţi'oţienna^aib  aeoip, 

ocuf  pţimaminxn  in  ciniUT)  fin  of  cac  ciniUT)  in  Gf-inT). 

Thrfrpre-      CiniUT)  fin  'Donac  'olegoţi  cif  no  cam  no  TX)ba£,  no 

M^piSî-  S®^^'^  ^^  e'Difi,  no  ifţuroaf,  "oeneoc  ifin  'oomun  ţiiccifi, 

i«g«-        in  q[ia€  na6  bioD  Of  iu  accupein,  afo  occinu  noma,  ocuf 

cofc  ţosla,  ocuf  focfaiT)i  f lucng  fl^i  cofnum  foif-oafica 

Caif îl  ff  1  Lei6  CuinT).    tîofeafi  accu  "out  i  nţi  namoc 

ocuf  "DefeD  10  zocc  "oaf  aif,  octif  com-oufitif  cifc  Cofil 

ca£   afpecu  'ooibfin   loffin,  .i.  cafi   fe  fi  i  CofiuU 

In  can  naC  vemxxi  cofDUf  twib  timi  fin,  ni  T)ti5  fig 

Ceiebnted  Coifil  nac  ni  T>ib.    ComoTo  aiffin  fo  £an  in  fig  ţthv» 

by  (^nnac,  ^^^  ^^  ^  fonfioif  .1.  Cofmac  tnac  Cutenndn : 

"Oleşaf  T)o  fl65  8îl  LtiiT)e,a6 
Retninif  caca  fluog  TTItinineaâ, 
Ocuf  beit  illuf  5  ţoDeâiT) 
Ic  naccoin  a  nf  ane6il. 

Wi  hecef  tif  "ole^af  -oe, 
CC6c  Cafel  -do  foif i-oe 
"Ml  df,  ni  cdin,  mof  ac  dof, 
Hi  haVcfinm^  ni  hioffottiif. 

Andby         XLII.  1f  ma  TKila  foifoaficain  ciniT)  fin  pof  focon 
oilochaiL  ^^  P^^*^  ^"r  lîi^ccfo  ollam  Gf enT)  octif  OClban  .1.  Cuan 
O  toCan : 


1  The  MmHff^  B.  otnits  the  pasMige 
beginning  in  rcoffi  cai'oleach,  line  1, 
and  ending  atiinx)  pn,  line  5.  AIbo 
the  worda  no  geitli  no  ediţii,  no 
itiT^roaf  ,  Unea  6,  7. 

*So  hng  ag.  CCcoţ  cm  CTia6,  B. 
The  mftfining  ia,  that  they  were  botmd 
aa  eqiiala,  not  aa  «abjecta,  io  noogniae 
the  right  of  the  exintlng  flovereign,  and 
todefendhimfromaggreealon.  CCciuiti 
ia  noognitUm ;  the  modem  Iriah  eqniya- 
lent  woold  be  ororhont. 

'  Not  tkmr$:  Le.,  when  the  supreme  I 


Ung  of  Iidand  waa  not  of  their  fiamily. 
B.  teada  CCcuf  an  cţidt  nad  XAn 
Ciţve  oca  ţ6in,  scm  nota  a£c  oofoc 
ţo^la,  ocuf  fo^Tunce  fl6is,  7c> 

oif  ,  B. 

^AUenaUfis^  ComTMtcQf  oeitic 
Conpt  ga£  tve  ţeadu  T)0ib  loqfipn  6 
tvig Coifil^;  ocaf  cm  ccm  na6  t>^- 
taifi»  7c,  B. 

^  ItwMqfihU.  Gonit)  coţie fin,  B. 
'^ Sagtkktanaiik   CCnvfOOtiSfecm- 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


55 


the  rule  and  Bovereignty  of  Eriim ;  the  shining^  splendid 
tower  above  the  choioe  lights  of  the  ponderous  earth ;  and 
the  dear  foimtain,  the  sparkling  fire,  above  the  most 
brilliant  precious  gems;  and  the  bright  radiating  sun, 
above  the  noble  stars  of  the  sky  and  the  firmament,  waâ 
ihis  tribe  above  all  other  tribes  in  Erinn. 

This  is  a  tribe  from  whom  it  was  never  lawfiil  to  levy  Theîr  p«. 
rent  or  tribute,  or  pledge,  or  hostage,  or  fostership  fee,  |[^*^^, 
hy  any  one  in  the  world  ever,  so  long  as'  Erinn  was  not  leges. 
theirs* ;  but  they  were  bound  to  gîve  recognition  only,  and 
to  check  aggression,  and  supply  numerous  foroes  to  main- 
tain  the  freedom  of  Caisei  against  Leth  Cuinn.    To  them 
belonged  the  lead  in  entering  an  enemy's  countiy,  and  the 
rere  on  retuming^ ;  and  besides  this  they  had  an  equal 
alternate  right^  to  Caisei,  viz.,  an  alternate  king  in  CaiseL 
Whenever  these  conditions  were  not  jiistly  observed  to 
them  the  king  of  Caisei  had  no  legal  daim  to  anything 
horn  them.    And  it  was  of  this^  the  royal  poet  and  sage  Cdebimted 
historian^  Cormac,  son  of  Culennan,  said :  ^  Cotimc, 

It  ÎS  the  privilege  of  the  host  of  Lughaid's  race,  enMn. 

To  lead^  the  battalions  of  the  hosts  of  Mumhain, 

And  afierwards  to  be'  in  the  rere 

In  coming^^  from  a  hostile  lancL 
It  is  not  fealty^^  that  is  required  of  them, 

But  to  preserve  the  freedom^'  of  Caisei ; 

It  is  not^'  rent,  it  is  not  tribute,  as  hath  been  heard ; 

It  is  not  fosterage  nor  fostership  fees. 

XLII.  It  was  on^^  the  noble  career  of  that  tribe  also  And  hy 
that  the  poet  and  chief  sage  of  Erinn  and  Alba,  Cuan  oî^shan. 
O'Lochan,  said : 


duTKi,  B.  The  fixat  quAtntn  of  the 
f oUowÎDg  yecBes  is  qtioted  by  Keating, 
(p.  60S,  OwTy*«  JfA),  but  they  axe 
Bot  by  Um  attributed  to  Cormac 

*Tolmd,  Keating  reads  ţ^ot- 
nuţoTD  cat,  ^*  to  anay  the  battle." 

*  Jad  to  ie.    OcttŢ  a  6eit,  B. 

^  Jm  eommg.    €Cc  cofcedc  a  cat^ 


Gafiedil,B.  OCcTtlodonbomaoofiediU 

UFea%.    Lit  Hostageship. 

"  Freedom,    "Oo  fx)6Tiaicue,  B. 

"/«Miioe.  M6  dp  îid  cdin,  B. ; 
and  in  the  next  yene  also  B.  has  r\6 
forni,  "of'for^^nor.»' 

1^  On,    Tot  ma  B.  nada  im« 


56 


cosaroti  scceDtiel  ne  sallccibti. 


CC  "Ooil  Caif  if  calfna  fin 
UobTiaif  Ocmba  comblan) 
"OtiiifccnT)  tiab  T>ip.  Iaca  lî|i 
Ic  becca  ţ?iţi  ifoiţi  ţxnl. 

Poca  caiu  iccedcoo  cai6, 
In  lec  feccaiţi  ni  boc  ţiei'o, 
Gctif  nî  ^enaifi  ţo  ^fvâin, 
Wac  seboaff  geill  ace  bon^eiH. 

CiT)  in  qftot  naţv  tonic  ţ:laic 
Uaib  aţv  6|iinT)  aiib^iiteich 
CCcc  na  an-o  ceim  T)aîi  ceiţvc 
M060  coemnacbaiţi  neţu;  neich. 

CiT)  T)na  ace,  nî  ba  mioD  menman,  octif  niţi  boDOf 
aicniT)  lof  in'oajinfinai'D  'oein  "oitilains  T)iţieq[ia  fin,  ocuf 
loTin  5aman|iaiT)  seţioca  jafca  galai^  sninfioig  joifig- 
beoDa  fin,  memnoig  mofi  cnjenr^nS  fin,  noţi  oDoim 
anpoţijian  no  ecomnep-r;  6  ţiij  tk)  ţiigaib  Ofen^D,  ocuf 
ni  noma  on  a&  nî  foccoaim  pallUf  no  eDiţieafo  poD- 
macTxiin  'ooefi  ^Docaip  6  'oanafioib,  Ocuf  6  'oibetijaib 
•Dolgi  'DUţicţii'oecraib  afi  anneâin  ni  poDaimfec 

XLIII.  Oa7>a|i,  "ona,  ic  fciuţuro  ocuf  ic  ţotlomnaf 

in  ciniT)  fin,  "oa  ruiţi  cfODa  comnefiini  comcalma,  -oa 

TOM  0?*°*  ^®^  lonna  lerafţiaCa  hi^vuiajui,  va  comloiT)  ca£a,  -oa 

Cennedigb.  clei6  u^f a,  va  T)0f  T)iT>in-,  "Da  ţiinx)  aga  octif  tifilaimi, 

enig  ocuf  egnuma  bfo^a  ocuf  bfigi  bagi,  ocuf  beo- 


Genealogy 
of  Math- 
gamhain 


^nbukioui,  Lît  "irith  fame.*" 
Cona  bloi*»,  B.  '*  Banba*^  waa  oue  of 
the  poetical  names  of  IieUnd. 

•i%.  thiîifin  nabDOfi  leoca 
tin,B. 

*  Tour  pmmee.  In  bcqfi  ppoilţ  B. 
First  written  pţcatj  bat  altered  hj  a 
ncsnt  hand  to  ţxnU 

^LoHghaoeÂejfhem.  foTDacâro, 
B. 

ţ>a  ji;|ieiTi,  B. 

0  Women  hottageâ.  t1a6  ge^Dcnf 
g^U/  a6c  bati  xi'^XX,  B.  *^  Kxoepi 
70iir  hofetages.**    This  reading  gives  a 


better  seiiM.  ThÎB  second  qnatrain, 
in  the  third  penon,  appean  to  ider  to 
the  H7  NiaU:  the  "distant  district" 
(leUC)  is  Leth  Cmnn,  the  northemhalf 
of  Iieland.  The  remaining  f  onr  Unes 
are  omitted  in  B. 

7  Therrfon,  For  TMia  B.  reads 
cţuz.  The  rest  (tf  the  sentenoe  in  B. 
is  given  thns,  in  a  different  spelIiDg, 
whicfa  is  instructive :  tilţi  bo  tnicro 
menmann  noaignecro  leif  ccn  wxm- 
ţioi'D  11*06111  n'Difnitonfis  fiT>iţ|vooqfUi 
fin.  Whereitwillbeobsenredthattba 
ItS.,  D,  from  which  the  text  is  taken, 
omită  the  aspirated  p,  in  the  wordsT>iii- 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


67 


O  Dai  CaÎ8 1    This  îs  biave ! 

Tou  have  boond  Banba  the  illustrious^ ! 

Pitj*  that  yonr  lakes  are  noi  seas! 

Other  men  are  small  in  your  presence.' 
Long  have  thej  been^  subjugating  all  others,  . 

The  distant  district,  which  is  not  smooth, 

For  there  are  none  bom  under  the  sun,' 

Whose  hostages  they  would  not  take,  except  women  hostages.^ 
And  even  when  there  is  not  a  king 

Ont  of  70U  oyer  Erinn  of  hosts, 

Onlj  that  70U  would  not  infi:inge  on  right 

No  human  power  could  prevail  over  you. 

It  was  not,  therefore/  honouiable  to  the  mind  or  to 
the  couiage,  or  to  the  natura  of  these  vehement,  insup- 
portable,  irresistible  nobles,  and  of  those  sharp,^  crafby, 
brave,  active,  fieroe  champions  (those  animated,  high- 
minded  ones,  who  never  brooked^  injustice  or  tyranny  from 
any  king  of  the  kings  of  Erinn,  and  not  only  that,  but 
who  never  gave  them  pledges  or  hostages  in  token  of 
obedience), — ^to  submit  of  their  own  accord  to  cruel  slavery 
from  Danars  and  from  fieroe,  hard-hearted  Pirates. 

XLIII.  There  were  then  goveming  and  ruling  this  Geneaiogy 
tribe  two  stout,  able,  valiant  pillars,^^  two  fierce,  lacerat-  ^i^Jj^^ 
ing,  magnifioent  heroes,  two  gates  of  battle,  two  poles  of  and  Brun, 
combat,  two  spreading  trees  of  shelter,  two  spears  of  vie-  omiedigh. 
tory  and  readiness,  of  hospitality  and  munificence,  of  heart 
and  strength,  of  friendship  and  liveliness,  the  most  emi- 


tooTigi  T>itieqia,  mora  oorrectly  written 
in  B.  mnţaicongi  fi'Diţp«cqia,  with 
the  tniwported  fi.  ThereaderwiUalso 
notiioe  the  alUteratiQo,  which  is  cha- 
ncteriatic  of  the  Iriih  hardic  st7le,T>6iTi, 
«omUnn^  «ifiequXt  all  beginningirlth 
d^andagieeuigirithT>a|imii(m>;  and 
again  the  adjectiTes  oonnected  with 
Scnnan|iai'6,  all  bcigin  wlth  g,  (the 
tranaported  n  ocean  in  B.) 
^âkarp,  B.Teadafi5l(Dnt**hright** 
^Brooted,  Theie  are  here  conaider- 
ahle  diiferenoeB  between  the  two  MSS. 
Immediately  after  the  woida  9^1^- 


be<yoa  Ţm,  to  the  end  of  thia  chapter, 
B.  leadfl,  na  |io  ţtiloing  cmţoţitvân 
no  eccomna|ic  6  neod  p,i(xiti,  ocuţ 
xiS  mo  i\o  ţaeniYKic  Txxeiţie  na  •oo- 
6ap.  6  TMxnop^t)  'Duţia  'ooil^ge  'oaţv- 
6Tun^ea6a  tmx  noin'oeâin  :  ^  Who 
never  wonld  endnre  oppresuon  or  ty- 
lanny  from  any  one ;  and  who  no  more 
submitted  to  dareiy  or  oppreanon  from 
hard,  fieroe,  hard-heaited  Danars, 
against  their  wilL"  It  is  eiâdent  that 
this  is  corrapt,  and  that  the  reading  of 
the  text  is  more  ooirect 
^Fillan.    "Oa  6ufi  6fi6Da  6ofn- 


68  cosccDti  saeT)1iel  ne  sccltccibti. 

•oaSca  lajvccnţi  eofipa  .1.  Tncrchgamain  ocuf  btiian,  tki 
meic  CeTiT)eTn§,  mic  loţican,  mic  Laficna,  mic  Cuiţic,  mic 
CCnluain,  mic  Tîlochsomna,  mic  'CaiţiDelbcng,  mic  Că- 
lăii, mic  OCeT)a,  mic  Cotiaill,  mic  66a6  bailteifig,  mic 
Ccnţitinx)  Pttd,  mic  blaiC,  mic  Caif,  mic  Conoill  6a6- 
luai6,  mic  tuiDeac  TUitid,  mic  Oeîigtifa  'Ciţiig,  mic  Pp- 
coţib,  mic  tnoga  Coţib,  mic  Caif,  mic  CCilella  Oloim, 
mic  TYlosa  WucrDor,  |io  ţioiTiT)  B\i\x\v  jie  Ck)Ti'D  cgt;  ccrchaS. 
In  "oaiiTia  rellac  cotigbala  pollamnoif  ocuf  plai€iufa 
efienT)  fin,  o  ţie  Bfemon  mic  VTiyi&o  ocuf  ebiyi  a  bţuicafi, 
ocuf  o  rtif  T)omain. 
Theircon-  XLIV.  Oc  concocaf,  'Dna,  in  'DOif-fini  octif  in  can- 
a^^the  poffan,  ocuf  in  nanplociuf  "do  himfCD  poţi  Tîlumoin, 

fonâgnen.    oCUf   fOţl   fefaib    OfCnT)   CO   COICCCnT),    1f1    COmaţlll    TKI 

fonfOD  a  hingabail,  ocuf  can  a  hoDmacrain  înţi.  Ruc- 

fac  laf fin  a  muinr;eţia,  ocuf  a  fofcala  uli  -oaf  8inainT) 

fiaţi,  OCUf  fo  fcailfex;  po  porţiib,  ocuf  ţo  feT)aib  na 

cpi  macni  icac    Ho  gabfoc  ic  fojail,  ocuf  te  popsuin 

fof  salUnb  foceTX)if  laffin.    Wi  fo  €eţimunT)  na  hana- 

cul  "DOibfitim,  'ona,  o  gallaib,  ace  ba  pae  "Docefica  ve 

a  comţiiafeain,  ocuf  a  comoDcef,  'oo  cf eScnb,  ocuf  con- 

galoib,  OCUf  T)o  ca€aib,  ocuf  vo  clia6caib  tk)  poglaib, 

OCUf  vo  ifgalaib  ţia  cloemclofer;  eruţiu  pţii  ţiemif  cian, 

Mâth-       OCţi  roiffegUT),  Dna,  cecraţinai  Diaţiaile,  "oafonfac  fi€ 

m^^eiT     ^^^r  comfOfUD  e7X)ţio  fjii  heT)  .1.  machţamoin  mac 

tnice  wîth  CenDCT^s  ţxig  7}ailcaiff,  ocuf  maci  gali  TYl  uman  aţiceno. 

the  f oreign- 

datma,  doimnearica,  octif  -oa  lae6 
loTi'oa,  TC,  B.  This  MS.  also  readB 
OCUf  va  iorhla  cota,  ocuf  "ba  thmt 
ustifiae,  OCUf  "od  -DOf  •oîccin,  ocof 
«a  ţMtm  dga,  7c. 

^Anhtan,  JUl  the  remainder  of  this 
genealogy  after  AnlnBn  \b  omitted  in  B. 

s  Qf  ejie  fvo.  See  note  15,  p.  58. 
Ifin  'DaTta,  B. 

*  Sowrâ^tttjf.  B.ieadBoctff  1:1(117- 
©itmoif  CTfventi  6  fvâ  ©tvemoin  mic 
TTIileiTD,  octif  6iTliit>'  a  bţwrtop,; 
omitting  ocuf  o  oif  ^xmiain. 

*  When  tkat  saw.     Cm  ctux  aic 


ot;  ootinoacoTV  om  inocf  pn  ocn 
T>a6i|\i,  B.,  **  idien  these  two  uw/'  &c. 

^MmqfErbm.  0Ctif!ea|unbT1flii- 
fhon  OCUf  dţieriTi,  B.  ^<0n  themen 
of  Monster  and  of  Erinn.** 

^And  not  mbmit  Ocof  socn  a 
ţ^orhoTD,  B. 

f  Thâr  ehaUdt.    Om.  B. 

>  Wegtaardt,    -Soiţi,  B. 

*  TW&et.  14a  cqfii  nucntrie  icr>, 
OCUf  |\o  gabfoc,  B.  "  Of  the  thzee 
Uaitlme  that  iran  th«re,  and  tliqr 
began,*'ftc. 

^Afi&rUuiL    OdlB. 


WAItS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QĂILL. 


69 


e 


nent  of  the  west  of  Europe,  viz.,  Mathgamham  and  Brian, 
the  two  BonB  of  Ceimedigh,  son  of  Lorcan,  son  of  Lachtna, 
son  of  CorCy  son  of  Anluan/  son  of  Matbgamhain,  son  of 
Toidhelbhach,  son  of  Cathal,  son  of  Aedh,  son  of  Conall, 
son  of  Eochaidii  Ball-derg,  son  of  Cairtliinn  Finn,  son  of 
Blaih,  son  of  Cas,  son  of  Conall  Eachluaith,  son  of  Lughaidh 
Menn,  son  of  Oengus  Tirech,  son  of  Fercorb,  son  of  Mogh 
Corb,  son  of  Cas,  son  of  Ailell  Oloim,  son  of  Mogh  Nuadhat 
who  divided  Erinn  with  Conn  of  the  hundred  battles. 
This  was  one  of  the  two^  houses  that  sustained  the  rule 
and  soYeTeignty*  of  Erinn,  &om  the  time  of  Eremon,  son 
of  Miledh,  and  Ebher,  his  brother,  and  from  the  beginning 
of  the  world. 

XLTY.  Now,  when  these  saw^  the  bondage,  and  the  op-  TbOr  eon- 
pression,  and  the  misrule,  that  waa  inflicted  on  Mumhain,  J^^^ 
and  on  the  men  of  Erinn^  in  general,  the  «dvice  they  foieignen. 
acted  on  was  to  avoid  it,  and  not  snbmit^  to  it  at  aU. 
They  therefore  carried  off  their  people,  and  all  their  chat- 
tels/  over  the  Sinann  westwards^ ;  and  they  dispersed 
themselyes  among  the  forests  and  woods  of  the  three 
tribes^  that  were  there.     They  began  to  plunder  and  kill 
the  foreignersimmediatelyafber  that  ^°  Neitherhadthey^' 
anj  tennonn  or  protection'^  from  the  foreigners ;  but  it 
was  woe  to  either  party^'  to  meet  the  other,  or  come  to- 
gether,  owing  to  the  plunders,  and  conâicts,  and  battles, 
and  skirmiahes,  and  trespasses,  and  combats,  that  were  in- 
terchanged  between  them  during  a  long  period.     When  Math- 
at  length,^*  each  party  of  them  became  tired  of  the  other,  SSSîa 
they  made  peaoe  and  truce  between  them  for  some  time,  ^"«e  with 
viz.,  Mathgamhain,  son  of  Cennedigh,  king  of  the  Dai  ^  <'''*^* 
Cfus,^'  and  the  chieftains  of  the  foreigners  of  Mumhain  in 
general 


^NmAtr  kad  thejf.  Hitw)  for  nifi 
bo. 

tt  Proitaum.  Ocflf  ntti  bo  teţi- 
monfi,  ocoŢ  niti  bo  homacat  «odib- 
ţtuni  6  piUjaa15  mafi  on  cetona,  B., 
omittiiig  th»  next  thne  lines  ol  the 
text  to  pp^t  tiemif  ciomi  indvfliye. 


"  Either  parlff,  "Docetox  D.,  for 
'ooceicccfv. 

"  Wlim  at  Imgtk.  CCti  cooiTiTifiu- 
occr6  cedcop.  r»  TMiţioile,  B. 

^DaLCait.  Alter  this  woid  B.  in- 
Mrt0  ocaf  tnoite  'Dalocotp  ^  and 
the  chieftaiai  of  tho  Dai  Căit.** 


/ 


60 


cosaroli  scce-otiel  «.e  sccll>ccib1i. 


Brian  xe- 

fusesall 

truoe  or 

peacewith 

theforeign- 

en. 


Hb  slaugh- 
terof  the 
foraignen* 


XLV.  Imrtifa,  imoţiTio,  bţiicnri  mtc  Ceti'oe'Dis  niţi  boit 
lein^'oe  Ţ)i  ţie  gallaib,  oţi  51  bec  pogla  vo  n^pcrp  ve 
|ia  jallaib,  ba  peţifi  leif  tia  fi€ ;  cit)  cac  no  bei€  na  rofc 
T]i  he  no  biOD.  "Da  Iuid,  imoţipo,  laţifin  bfiian  ocuf  slof- 
lai€  "Dailcaif  leif  1  pocnii B,  ocuf  1  peDaib  ocuf  1  ţxifaipb 
'CaaT)niunian  "Daiiahaif.  Ro  gab  ic  pogail,  ocuf  ic  ţoţi- 
ţtiin,  ocuf  IC  ppitifiecr  poţi  jalloib  po  cecoiţi.  In  la  nac 
•oenoD  olc  ţie  gallaib  "do  niOD  panaiT)chi  boD  nepu,  ocup 
in  naT)aich  nac  'oi^od  -oo  niT)  in  la  aţinamCaţiac.  *Do 
gnimp  imopţio  panbo€a  polacixi  ţx)plon^tiiţiT;  acei 
in-oaiţiib,  ocup  in  niamţiaib,  ocup  1  n'oirţiumaib,  ocup  1 
n'Dicelraib  Ua  blair.  Ro  papaiger)  leip  o  "Deiţic  co 
Poţigup,  ocup  o  Bem  co  T^ţioqiaigi.  Ho  Cimaiţispec,  -ona, 
jaill  T3uaT)Tnunian  uli  im  T^ţiacţiaigi,  ocup  vo  jionaD 
'DuncloD  nmcill  T^ţiacţiaip  acu,  ocup  ţio  6fiiall|xrc  [en 
•ofinaţiup  "DO  Denam]  "do  'Cpaqfiaip  uli,  ocup  TJuaDmu- 
main  ocup  Ui  Ck)naill  "oo  gabail  aŢ\ve,  ocup  t)o  bei€ 
pţiia  poDnum.  Cit)  rpa  ace  cit)  no  ţexxx,  ni  bao  mo 
vo  aiţiium,  ni  hoţipa  a  Cupium  ina  înnipin,  aţi  maţib 
bpian  T)0  jallaib  "oonopbapin  .1.  ina  'oâppib,  ocup  ina 
T^ţiiaţiaib,  ocup  ina  cuiceţiaib,  ocup  ina  pCznb,  ocup  ma 
coDaib,  ocup  an  ţiocuip  vo  conjalaib,  ocup  vo  galaib 
mina  menici  pţiiu.  TYloţ^  am,  "oo  "ouaD  ocup  vo  T)ocaiţi 
ocup  "DO  Dţiocuir;  oclip  "DO  'oţio^lebaiT),  xmc  popum  •Doţx)m, 


^But.    B.  oxnita  imofiiio. 

^Not  mOmg.  t^iţi  Mii  lep,  B. 
Lit  **Peace  with  the  foreigners  was 
not  pleasing  to  bim." 

^Hotower  tmâXL  OCcc  pbe  "oţog- 
tcnt)  DO  tiqpccD  t>e  do  'o^omocrh  a^i 
gatlonb  DO  bfrecqfiti  l©ip  'î'»  piD. 
ţiD  i€ro  cd6  i\o  bicro  ina  copc  no6 
cm  6  bţiiaii  no  bicro,  K 

^  Howeoer,    B.  omîts  irnoitfU>< 


(( 


oon- 


^BetaMaU.    P|iitt3eţic,  ^: 
tmdict" 

^  And  whm.    B.  omits  from  ocup 
tn  nccDoich  to  la  ativicmribafia6. 
'f  Mor0O€er  tkeff,   B.  omits  imoţifU), 


and  for  acei,  reads  în.  modem  «tho- 
graphy,  aca. 

^  SoUiudet  and  dueris.  IfiDiam- 
ţiait)  octip  iiiDic|vebhaib,  B. 

•UiBlaiL    O  mbloiD,  B. 

^Fram  Dere,  O  "Oeiţis  "Oefic,  B., 
\}.  e.,  horn  Loch  Deig]. 

u  Echtu  e(xjs^  B. ;  now  Sliabh 
Echlghe,  or  Baoghty,  a  moimtainoiis 
district  ou  the  borden  of  the  oomitiies 
of  Galwaj  and  Clare. 

"  One  fforriâon.  dn  afiiip  DO 
'Cyiocfiaisi,  D.  On  D^dţmp  do 
Denam  T^iaqfiai]^,  B.  From  thia 
latter  MS.  the  words  in  biBcheta  bat« 
beoQ  huerted. 


WARS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  OAILL. 


61 


XLV.  But'  as  regards  Brian,  son  of  Cennedigh,  he  was  noi  Brian  re- 
wiUing'  to  make  peaoe  with  the  foreigners,  because  however  ^JJ^  *y 
small'  the  injuiy  he  might  be  able  to  do  to  the  foreigners,  peace  with 
he  preferred  it  to  peace ;  and  though  all  others  were  silent  ^  ^^^'^^s^' 
on  that  head  he  woidd  notbeso.  Brian, however,^  afterthat, 
and  with  him  the  young  champions  of  the  Dai  Cais,  went 
back  again  into  the  forests  and  woods  and  deserts  of  north 
Miimhaîn.   He  began  then  immediately  to  plunder  and  kill, 
and  ]:etaliate^  on  the  foreigners.   When  he  infiicted  not  evil 
on  the  foreigners  in  the  day  time,  he  was  sure  to  do  so  in 
the  next  night ;  and  when^  he  did  it  not  in  the  night  he  was 
sure  to  do  it  on  the  foUowing  day.     Moreover  they,^  with 
him,  used  to  set  up  rude  huts  instead  of  encampments,  in 
the  woods  and  soUtudes  and  deserts^  and  caves  of  Ui 
Blait.*     The  country  was  wasted  by  him  from  Derc*®  to 
the  Forgus,  and  from  Echti"  to  Tratraighe.    Then  the 
foreigners  of  all  north  Mumhain  assembled  around  Tra- 
traighe, and  they  raised  a  fortifying  bank  all  round  Tra- 
traighe ;  and  they  proposed  to  render  all  Tratraighe  one  gar- 
rison,**  and  from  it  to  oonquer  the  whole  of  north  Mum- 
hain and  Ui  Conaill,  and  make  them  subject  to  them.^' 
But  although  it  is  possible  to  count'*  a  greater  number,  HiBaUngh- 
it  is  not  easy  to  enumerate,  or  teii,  all  that  Brian  killed  of  ^  ?*  ^^ 
the  foreigners  of  that  garrison**  in  twos,'®  and  in  threes,  ^*^*^*^ 
and  in  fives,  and  in  scores,  and  in  hundreds ;  or  the  number 
of  conflicts  and  combats'^  that  he  frequently  and  constantly 
gave  them.     Oreat,  on  the  other  hand,  were  the  hardship 


u  Sitbfeei  to  them.  *Do  gabonl 
ojp,  ocnţ*  ombeit'occţognaiTfi  voi^ 
B. 

i<  To  eomt  B.  has  Ci'D  cţia  aâc 
SB  ţu>  teta  a  matibcro,  ni  htttiiifa 
a  fiioih  nac  a  Gnfieotrti  nac  a  înni- 
pn,  7C> :  '^  although  it  was  poflsible  to 
UU,  it  18  not  euy  to  reckon  or  oonnt, 
or  teii,**  &C. 

"  Gorriion.  Otvbaj»  for  poţibaj». 
"Don  ţoţiboif  Ţîx\,  B,,  more  oorrecUy. 


Poţibap  ia»  properly,  a  aeige ;  a  gar- 
liaon  for  the  pnipoee  of  a  seige. 

w/n  twoi.  Itia  mbtii'oiiib,  ocuţ 
ina  ccorfiib,  octi|»  ma  fi£cit>,  ocnp 
ina  ccârDoitî)  ocii|«  ma  oceitervnaiti, 
ocup  afi  cep.  cniŢL,  7c»,  B.  "  In  com- 
paniea,  and  in  troops,  and  in  scorea, 
and  in  hundreda,  and  in  quatemiona." 

17  Combat».  For  galonb  mina 
memci  pT^itiv  B.  reads  <^iacuai6 
miona  mionca  tviti. 


62 


cosoroti  scce-otiel  ne  scclLccibti. 


1  pianbo€aib  pdfaig  poficfiucnT)  pfieniaTiaib  coţiţiaca 
pliucca,  a  Tnţii  T)ti€ai5i  ţxyoeiîi,  aţi  maţiboD  a  muinTîiţii, 
ocuf  aeffa  sticroa,  ocuf  a  comolra,  co  "otib,  •DomerimTiaC, 
Hia  f oiiow- ^ticcg,  nemelafi,  cofife^.  "Dcng  orbeiuiiŢ;  na  fen^oiTM 
^mm!  5^  ^  T)i*ai5reT;  gailt  a  muirrati  ctingC  jiabi  ţxyoeoiT)  na 
lenmain  afc  .u.  "otini  'oec. 

XLVI,  Or;  cuala  cpa  Tîlochsamain  abei6  omloi'D 
fin,  pafDif  cecua  a|i  a  cenx),  «oiţi  ba  heccait  lef  a  €o&m 
Pfii  galloib  in  uaci  fltraig  ocuf  foqfiai'oi.    O  fuincauaţi, 
withBrUa.  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  hji\ar\  ocuf  ÎTlachţaiţiain,  [acbeţvc  Tîla€- 

TOifiain  og  acaine  ţie  0|iian  an  v^z  pia\\i  muinnciti 
Otiiain,  ocuf  ODubaifir  an  laiT)h  : 


Hath- 
gamhain 
aends  to 
condole 


Hlspoedctl 
lamflot  on 
theocca- 
don. 


tlach(i6  fin  a  bţwain  bonba, 
"Oo  âtunnfcdăo  ni  hăccalma, 
"Mî  Uonihaţt  rdngaif  "oaţi  cij, 
Cdic  af,  faccbaif  t)o  mutnnciţi. 

"Oo  faccbuf  iQD  og  gaUaib 
1a|i  na  flai^e  a  TTlGCCgaihain, 
Cfitiai*  iiomlenfoc  cap.  506  leafi, 
Wî  hiononn  if  vo  thtiinncif,. 

CaiT)ec  na  coihfiariia  a  ^p», 
(I5  aţi  fdccbaif  t)0  rhuinnaţi, 
baţi  ngled  mafa  calma  amuig, 
W  h6iccen  coib^im  oţiaib. 

Ro  fdccbuf  laD  icCţriaic  Lăit, 
1  mbeţinai*  naţi  fcoilac  fceit, 
biţin-o,  geţi  TXMlig  ctxyt  an  fiţi, 
"Oo  tuit  aţiaen  ţie  a  ihmnnrtţi. 

CCţi  ccţief  ifin  mbţiăinciţi  mbuain 
Tlobcr6  cţieaf  calma  corhdţmaiT), 


^Bad  food.  Mon  conectiy  in  B. 
'DY106  ^niT). 

^Ii^KeUd  o»  km.  For  cnc  foţmfn 
T>Ofom  1  ponbotoib,  B.  readfl,  unoc- 
foccccjfvfofh  T)o  btiion)  hi  j^piombo- 
taitt:  **Didtfae700casionto  Bifam  in 
t]Mwadhnta»"&c* 

^Comiiy.  OC  cifie  "D^itie  ţem,  B. 

^  Dupiriud,     ^  vul^at  'oefkat 


T)oiTfienTnma£  coiţitifeaâ  qfuiag 
nefheilea6,  B. 

^Hiitoriami,  t)oig  acdo  ţwi- 
chai'oe  5a  Tut6a  s^Ti  'Ditaigecc(in> 
SotU/  a  rhmnxnti  oonoâ  ţMxibe  tfia 
lenfnoin  ţ?(yDe6is  ob6c  câioc  p|\ 
•oecc,  B. :  **Bnt  there  are  hktorians 
that  say,"  && 

^Ofhk  Umg,    btiian  t>o  beicli 


WABS  OP  THE  GAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  QAILL. 


63 


and  the  ruin,  the  bad  food^  and  bad  bedding  which  they 
inflicted  on  him'  in  the  wild  huts  of  the  desert,  on  the 
hard  knotty  wet  roots  of  his  own  native  country' ;  whilst 
they  killed  his  people  and  his  trusty  officers  and  his  com- 
rades;  sorrowful,  dispirited/  wretched,  unpitied,  weary. 
For  historians*  say  that  the  foreigners  cut  off  his  people,  ^J|^f ^J" 
so  that  he  had  at  last  no  more  than  fifteen  followers.  to  fifteen. 

XLVI.  But  when  Mathgamhain  heard  of  his  being^  in  Math- 
ihis condition,  he sent  a  messenger  to him,  for  he dreaded^  l^dsto" 
his  fall  by  the  foreigners  for  want  of  troops  and  forces.  condoie 
When  Brian  and  Mathgamhain  met  in  one  place,^  [Math- 
gamhain condoled  with  Brian  on  the  destruction  which 
had  befallen  Brian's  followers,  and  he  spake  this  poem: — 


[M.]  Alene  ari  thou,  O  Brian  of  Banba! 

Thy  warfare  was  net  without  valour. 

Net  numerous  hast  thou  come  to  our  house, 

Where  hast  thou  left  thy  followers  ? 
[B.]  I  have  left  them  witb  the  foreigners 

After  having  been  cut  down,  O  Mathgamhaîn ! 

In  hardship  they  foUowed  me  over  every  plain, 

Not  the  same  as  thy  people. 
[M.]  In  what  battles,  O  man, 

Hast  thou  left  thy  people  ? 

If  your  fightîng  was  brave  on  the  plain, 

No  reproach  shall  be  cast  upon  you  I 
[B.]  I  have  left  them  on  Craîg  Liath, 

In  that  breach  where  shields  were  clefi;^ 

Binm,  (it  was  difficult  to  cut  off  the  man), — 

Fell  there  with  his  people. 
Our  combat  in  the  everlastîng  Br^intîr 

Was  a  brave  and  exceedingly  bard  combat. 


Hispoetical 
Ument  on 
the  ooca- 
sion. 


Ţ\n,  B^  ^*of  Brian  being  in  thÎB  want 
of  troopa  and  of  foioes.*' 

7  ff€  drtaded,    Rov  eocont  laiţ*,  B. 

*Incne  place.  D.  reads  O  txonca- 
cofi  fţtocng0cca|if  B.]  'ona  oon  inccO) 
fo)  lioen  iti(n>,  B.]  bTticm  ocuj» 
Tnat^Gofioan,  ţu)  bi  Oixlon  ica  cati- 


|xn>)  T&f  "when  Brian  and  Math- 
gamhain met  together,  Brian  reproach'- 
ed  Mathgamhain,"  &c.  (as  in  c.  zlviL), 
omitting  the  whole  paaaage  whichiaput 
within  biackets  in  the  text,  indnding 
thepoem.  ItwiUbeseen  that  the  poem 
ia  a  dialogne  between  Mathgamhain 
(pron.  Mahonn)  and  Brian;  aadtoa»- 


64 


coţoroti  ţcce-otiel  tie  sccUccibli. 


Brianie- 

proaches 

Mathgun- 

hain  for 

hispeaoe 

with  the 

foreignen. 


Tnap.bfam  Ooootit), — gaţib  a  gal. 

Con  a  ceqfiaccTD  rfieti-peţi, 
CC|i  ngleâ  ^tin  ţ:poţi5Uf  ntfi  maet, 

Tx)i|i|ifeac  fin  jye  let  aţi  lec, 

CC|i  n^leâ  fa  qfief  niţi  qfief  log. 

'Cfiioca  im  Olitif  T)o  ctjicfioc, 
Cet)  im  Ol^im — ^nî  fiârl  56  î 

Jafib  in  qfief — ^ifin  aen  16, 

CC  fncccgatham,  af  p|i  Txxm, 

"Moca  mîn  aţi  niomfcaficp6. 
Puafiamocfi  m6fi  ^ulc  aţi  fin, 

"Oo  5|iefaib  vo  gfiectaichib, 

CC|i  f6D  nocap.  f^D  fa*ail. 

1f  m6fi  ccâD  fie  a  ccotfidifiiîh. 
Ro  lonnap-baf,  nî  byiăcc  fo, 

501II  6  *Oei|icc-'Oei|ic  50  poţigo, 

*Oo  cuijifiom  cm  lucc  de, 

O  Occge  50  'Cf^ocqp.aige. 
CCf  laDfin  ap.  fccela,  a  fip, 

CC  meic  Ceinneim§  cnifgil, 

TTÎeinic  ctjccfom  finn  co  bece 
•  Oail  af  nayi  -Doig  Imn  imtecr. 

"Moca  bîcrb  Ceinneicci§  afi  c\\j6cb, 

Woca  bîoD  Loţicdn  l(onma|i, 

CCfi  ^aUaib  na  ixocr  maţifoin, 

ni  aţi  aua6ifi  a  HlGC^^amain. 
CCf  o^la  fin  a  Opiain  bpegh, 

Woca  nioţimajirac  caipiea*, 

"Ml  ftiil  tai-oh  nd  chinne  hi  cqvrt, 

"Oaplinne  ge  raol  50  htiotoD. 

ucrcticroli.] 

XLVII.  Ho  bl  bfiian  ica  caţifOD  înaTcgamna  co  ni6fi, 
ocuf  afbeţir  ppif  coba  înrlaf  menman,  ocuf  copba 
laicei  efraţi  ciniu'oa  "do  fi€  na  comfOffOT)  vo  'oam^oin 
•DO  gallaib,  ocuf  ficrc  poţi  a  peţiunT),  ocuf  poţi  a  teifc 


şist  the  reader,  the  Editor,  in  the  tnm*- 
lation,  hB0  prefixed  the  letters  M.  and 
B.  to  the  worda  intended  to  he  spoken 
by  Mahonn  and  Brian,  reipectiTely. 
^  Alom,    It  ia  a  cnatom  of  Iriah 


scrihes  to  zepeat  the  first  mtd  of  a 
poem  at  the  end,  as  a  mode  of  maridng 
ita  oondnaion;  and  it  waa  a  mie  to 
make  the  poem  b^gin  and  cnd  with 
the  same  word  or  ş^llable^ 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.     65 

We  killed  Edonn, — fîerce  hîs  valour, 

With  his  forty  heroes. 
Our  fight  at  the  Forgus  was  not  soft ; 

Weary  of  it  were  we  on  both  sides ; 

Our  fight  in  the  combat  was  no  weak  combat ; 

Thirty,  with  Elius  fell. 
An  hnndred  with  Elgim, — ^no  falsehood ! 

Fierce  was  the  combat, — ^in  one  daj. 

O I  Mathgamhain,  I  speak  but  tnith, 

Not  mild  was  our  partîng  with  them. 
We  suffered  much  of  evil  after  that, 

From  the  attacks  of  fierce  champions, 

Our  path  was  not  a  path  of  ease. 

Manj  were  their  hundreds  when  counted. 
I  banished — ^this  is  no  falsehood — 

The  foreîgners  firom  Deirg-Deirc  to  the  Forgus ; 

We  drove  the  other  party 

From  Echtge  to  Tradraighe. 
These  are  our  adventures,  O  man, 

O  son  of  Cennedigh,  the  fair-skinned ; 

Often  did  we  deliver  onrselves  with  success, 

From  positîons  in  which  we  despaired  of  escape. 
Cennedigh  for  wealth  would  not  have  been, 

Nor  would  Lorcan,  the  fruitful,  have  been, 

So  quiescent  towards  the  foreigners, 

As  thou  art,  O  Mathgamhaîn ! 
[M.]  This  is  pride,  O  brave  Brian ; 

Thj  mind  is  not  considerate, 

Thj  care  and  thy  thoughts  are  not  on  wealth, 

Methinks,  even  though  thou  art  alone ! 

Alone.*] 

XLVII.   Brian  reproached^  Mathgamhain  greatly,  and  Briân  re- 
he  said  that  it  was  from  cowardice'  of  mind,  and  fit)m  JJ^^^. 
the  weaknesB  of  a  stranger  tribe,^  that  he  conceded^  peace  luun  for 
or  truce  to  the  foreigners  while  they  occupied  his  terri-  ţ^t^*^ 

fordgners. 


*  Bqnvaehed.  GCg  cuţvţxichorD,  B. 
Ut  waa  repToadung. 

>  That  U  wae  cowar^ce.  ţofl  bo 
ctdţ»  ocuj»  guţi  bo  loncce  -od,  Ţyb 
fio  coîtioţycroh,  7c,  B. 


*  Stranger  iribe:    i.e.,  that  had  no 
fatherland  to  defend. 

*  Conoeded.    "Odma^cain,  B. 


66 


coscroti  ţcce-otiel  ne  saHonbti. 


lama  "ouiais  a  acafi,  ocuf  a  fenacaţi;  ocuf  acbeţic  pţiif 
Contrasta    ni  boT)  6  a  fenarjaifi,  .1.  toţican  mac  Lafcna  t>o  genao 

the conduct  ^  ,         ^  ,  ^    i.  ti    ^^ 

ofhîs  comfOfOD  am  UT);  înn  nac  njc  'dodiuiii  na  'oaciLl  do 
ancestore.  îTlaelfeclainT)  mac  T11ail|iuaTiai'D  .1.  tk)  ţii^  OţienT), 
ocuf  7)0  .u.  cuigeDaib  ejien'o,  &o  ţiifanimţier)  oen  cLuci 
"00  piDcill  poţi  pagchi  TTlaigi  CC^afi;  ocuf  înn  naţi 
leic  TK)  na  feci;  cacaib  com6|vaib  CCii  U  Dogaiţi  do 
lofcuD,  ppi  ceuni  la  ocuţ^  pjii  ceqii  aiDCib.  CCcbeţic, 
Dna,  ni  baD  6  tu^aiD  TTlinD,  mac  Oenguffa  'Cifiis,  a 
f enacai|i  ele,  do  genoD  înnifin  pof ;  înn  6n  naţi  leic 
efpin  mii  maigi  do  81I  TXaman  'Ctiorbil,  cţie  raţi- 
cafin  DO  qp.1  cafiaib  comţia  Conafea  nocofi  b|iifGf?:xiiţi 
f  eci;  cerca  poyicu,  ocuf  coyi  mayib  .un.  |ii^  Dib,  ocuf  cop 
ffiaen  maDma  o  CayinD  peţiaDaiS  co  hCC€  Lucaic,  ocuf 
ni  bai  popanD  no  fo£|iaiDi  acx:  sillanDfiaD,  ocuf  mac- 
fiaiD,  ocuf  aef  Dimain  ayicena.  CCfbefiu  ni  mo  boD  6 
Co|ic  înn  fio  capainD  gullu  aţiDup  .1.  Cofic  mac  Caip 
mic  CCilella  Oluim,  na  ODomaD  cafi  na  leiexnpin,  înn 
on  ţiocuifi  oct;  ca€a  ic  cornum  paiţii  TTluman,  ocup  a 
crcayiDa  aţicena,  ocup  left  moţa  co  coT;cenD. 
M»th-  CCrbeţii:  TTlachţamain  ba  pip  "fto  pin  uli,  ocup  cîap 

^J^*'  ba  pip  mp  bai  aicipeom  acmaing  ppepcail  gali,  map 
po  gab  meu  a  .po£paiT:i,  ocup  imaD  a  ploig,  ocup  pa 
mĂu  a  miloD,  ocup  pebap  allupeaS,  ocup  a  claiDium, 


1  Would  never.    Wd|\  W,  B. 

s  Have  mode  a  truee,  "Do  "DenoTD 
coîhoppa'o  amlai'D  .1.  cm  ci  nod 
cticc  '0^01511x111  na  T>fîaicill,  B. 

>  Moffh  Adhair.  peDb  |iip  a  ni- 
TneiieccD  6ti  dtuitce  pi6atli  pop, 
-paitde  TTI1J15G  hCC-oap,  B. 

^Four  datfB,  P|ii  jvĂ  t;|Ii  Io»  7 
ceiteoţia  oi'oh^e,  B.,  "for  three  days 
and  four  nighta.** 

<  He  said,  aho.  7  acbejic  naţi  bo 
he  LujaTO  mac  CCengupa  Dii^is,  B. 

«  Have  ever,  "Oo  'oena^  in  |*in  .1. 
an  ci  na|\  leicc  âip  anginit^onncns 
•00  3I0I  (xfelamdin  T^uaitbit,  B. 

7  GreoL    Cofhmâfia,  B. 

*  Seven  battlet,    Uo  gujv  bfiip  cot 


poţifia,  B.,  "until  he  gained  a  battle 
over  them.'* 

^  Seven  qf  their  kmgt,  7  gnţi 
mayit)  a  ţvig,  ocii|»  cti|i  dtiiţv  a  fiaen 
ma'oma  iat>t  B.,  "and  killed  thdr 
king/'&c 

^^Hehad.  7 nac  ţvcnbe  ni  txi ni6 
•oe  pocfiaicce  na  giollonTiaro,  B. 

^^Heecdd:  Le.,  Brianaaid-'OCcbeTic 
ni  hai)  6  Coţic  mac  an(n|i  \w  coţxMiT» 
501II  ap.  cup,  .1.  Copc  Caipl,  po 
'oâmoTD  cap,  na  teiteicce  pin,  6i|i 
TM)  cuip,  occ  ccoto  05  copnam  na 
m  UThan,  7C.,  B. :  "  He  said  that  Goic, 
the  son  of  the  man  who  first  roated  the 
foreigners,  Le.,  Coic  of  Caisei,  woold 
mot  have  endured  sacb  an  insult,  for  he 


WAKS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


67 


toiy  and  his  rightfîil  inheritance,  the  patrimony  of  his 
&ther  and  of  his  grandfather ;  and  he  said  to  him  that  his  Contrasta 
grandfather  Lorcan,  son  of  Lachtna,  would  never*  have  ^f *i^^"^* 
made  a  truoe'  such  as  that ;  he  who  gave  not  submis-  anceston. 
sion  or  tribute  to  Maelsechlainn,  son  of  Maehnanaidh, 
king  of  Erinn,  or  to  the  fiye  provinces  of  Erinn,  for  as 
much  time  as  that  in  which  he  oonid  have  played  one 
game  of  chess,  on  the  green  of  Magh  Adhair';  and  he 
who  would  not  permit  the  seven  great  battaUons  to  bum 
Ath  U  JDoghair  for  fotu:  days^  and  four  night&  He  said, 
also,^  that  neither  would  Lughaidh  Menn,  son  of  Aenghus 
Tirech,  another  of  his  ancestors,  have  ever^  done  such  a 
thing.  The  man  who  never  yielded  even  the  leveret  of  a 
haxe  to  the  tribe  of  Tlaman  Tuathbil  through  contempt 
of  the  three  great^  battalions  of  Connaeht,  until  he  had 
gained  seyen  battles^  over  them,  and  killed  seven  of  their 
kingş,*  and  untîl  he  had  pursued  them  in  their  retreat  from 
Camn  Feradaich  to  Ath  Lucait;  and  he  had^^  no  troops 
or  followers,  but  oniy  suttlers,  and  boys,  and  idlers.  He 
said,'*  no  more  would  Corc,  the  man  who  first  routed  the 
fopeigners,  viz.,  Corc,  son  of  Cas>  son  of  Ailioll  Oluim,  have 
been  the  man  to  brook  such  an  insult;  the  man,  also,  who 
fought  eight  battles  in  defence  of  the  freedom  of  Mumhain 
and  of  his  patrimony,  and  of  Leth  Mogha  in  general 

Mathgamhain  said,'^  that  all  this*'  was  true,  and  that  Math- 
although**  it  was  true,  he  had  not  the  power  to  n^eet  f^^^**'* 
the  foreigners,  because  of  the  greatness  of  their  foUowers, 
and  the  niunber  of  their  army,  and  the  greatness  of  their 
champioBs,  and  the  exoeUence  of  their  corslets,  and  of  their 


bad  fooght  eight  battles  in  defence  of 
Mumhain,  &c.**  Corc,  Mm  of  Anluan, 
grandfiither  of  Lorcan,  ia  evidentljr  in- 
tended.  See  chap.  xlilL,  p.  59;  and 
^aon"  in  the  text  may,  periiapa,  be 
nsed  in  the  senae  of  "deacendant" 

"  SokL  Octi|*  acbefic,  B.,  "and 
Mathgamhain  aaid." 

^ÂntkU,    "Oo  jwm  fin,  B. 


aqxnns  gali  -do  f?|ieţ*cal  cncce  |ve- 
meD  o  mibecro  octij»  ţv©  ţeabap  70^ 
B. :  "  Although  it  waa  trae  that  he  had 
no  power  to  meet  the  f onignexa,  be- 
cause of  tiie  nnmber  of  their  champions 
and  the  ezceUence  of  their  corslets, 
and  of  their  awordi,'*  &o. ;  omitting  all 
that  intervenea  in  the  text 

F  2 


68 


cosoroti  ţae'otiel  tie  ţccllcabti. 


Brianta 
repl7. 


Math- 

gamhain 

anembles 

theDal 

CaiB. 

They 
decide  on 
war; 


andto 
expdthe 


octif  anajim  aţicena,  ocuf  afbefiu  TiTia  niţibail  teif 
Dailcaif  T)acbail  ina  lufig,  amail  fio  aqfxrni  uţimoţi  a 
muiTraţii. 

CCrbeţiu,  imoţifio,  bţiian  niţi  bo  coiţi  'DOfom  in  nî  fin 
[t)0  yia'fea],  uaiyi  ba  'ouiaig  'ooec,  ocuf  ba  'DUTO15  "do 
T)ailcair  uli,  uaiţi  maţxb  anacîii,  ocuf  a  fena^rvi,  ocuf 
baf  aţiacenT)  "DOib  pein  'odgbaiţ ;  ocuf  niţibo  T>tiaU 
inioyi]io,  ocuf  nifibo  'ouiaig  "ooib  cdţi  narxiţicaifin  tk) 
gabail,  uai|i  niţi  ţabfcrc  anocţit  no  fenai€pi  fin  o  neoc 
aţi  ralmain.  CCfbeyic,  "ona,  ntyi  ba  miar)  menmqn  "ooib 
in  peyian'a  jio  cofatnfer  anarţii,  ocuf  fenocfi  qfie  caib 
ocuf  uţie  cliacatb  fie  n\arib  ^OG'oel,  a  lectin  can  ca€ 
can  cliofiaig  "00  ^allatb  ţlafa,  ocuf  tk)  ţen^nb  goţima 
ţufniafia. 

XJUVIU.  Ho  înmaifigi^  laţifin  an  T)ailcaif  uli, 
inoiu  oenucroach  oenbali  co  TDachţamain,  ocuf  po 
himcomaiic  cia  comaţili  bcro  aii  "ooib  vo  "oenaib  .1.  in 
fi€  no  coccoD  ffit  ^allaib  ocuf  pţii  "oanaiiaib.  CCfbeţi- 
coDayi  uli  inio|ifo,  ereţi  fen  ocuf  oc,  ba  p eaţxfi  leo  baf, 
ocuf  ec  ocuf  ae'DGT)  if  imcim  vo  ogbail,  iccofnum  faijit 
cmacaîi'oa,  ocuf  aceneoil,  na  fODmaciîain  foţifiana,  ocuf 
foţimaic  allmaţiac  no  c|ii£  no  a  peţian'O  tk)  'Dilfegu'o 
•Doib,  ocuf  ba  "guz  cez  ayi  bel  oenpiji  fin. 

CCfbeyiT;  tnachganîain,  infio|i|io,  ba  hi  comaţili  ba  coiţi 


1  He  aaid.  Ocuf  crcbeyic,  omitting 
■oua,  B. 

8  To  leave.    "Do  taccboit,  B. 

^Hadkft  Ro  taccfOffi,  B.  The 
f requent  omission  of  the  aspinted  ţ  in- 
D.ţ  has  often  been  noticed. 

4  Brian  taicL  Thu  speech  ia  giyen 
somewhat  differently  in  B.,  thns: — 
ocuf  ocbeţic  btiian  nifi  bo  o6i|i 
TkSfotti  an  ni  fin  -oo  tvcroa,  uaiţ\  -oo 
âcepac  an  mtfue  ocuf  a  fenait|ie, 
octif  ba  •Duchoig  •061b  pein  ecc 
T)o  ţxisbail,  oijt  ni|i  gabfacaii  a 
noitfie,  ocuf  a  fencnt|ve  6  neac 
twam  afi  catitioin  «oorhan  6cco : 
^'  And  Brian  said,  that  it  waa  not  right 
in  him  to  say  that  thing,  for  their 


fathers  and  their  gianâfathers  had  died, 
and  it  was  hereditaiy  alao  to  themadvet 
to  Buffer  deatli,  for  their  fathen  and 
their  giandf  athers  never  submitted  to  it 
[insult]  from  anj  person  in  the  wide 
world." 

'  Se  said,  B.  reada,  ocmp  CR;beţic 
na|i.  It  may  be  obaerved  bere,  to 
avoid  lepetition,  that  for  apbeţir>  *^be 
aaid,"  aa  it  ia  written  in  D.,  the  MS.  B. 
alwaya  leada  ocbefic. 

«  To  (Utandon.    CC  lego^  B. 

"^  I>efmde(L    Copioccaţif  B. 

B  Battles.  For  doib,  which  ia  wroag, 
B.  reada,  âotoiU. 

^Aflertkis,   «Tifin  "Oal  cCaif ,  B 

^^  Befort Mathpamkam.    Indic  na- 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


69 


swords,  and  their  other  arms  in  general  And  he  said^ 
also  that  he  would  not  like  to  leave^  the  Dai  Cais  dead 
in  following  hîm,  as  he  [Brian]  had  left*  the  most  of  his 
people. 

Brian  said^  that  that  was  not  a  right  thing  for  him  Brian's 
[Mathgamhain]  to  aay,  because  it  was  hereditary  for  him  ^^  ^' 
to  die,  and  hereditary  for  all  the  Dai  Cais,  for  their  fathers 
and  grandfathers  had  died,  aud  deatli  wafi  oertain  to  come 
upon  themselves  ;  but  it  was  not  natural  or  hereditary  to 
them  to  submit  to  insult  or  contempt,  because  their  fathers 
or  their  grandfathers  submitted  not  to  it  from  any  one 
on  earth.  He  said^  also  that  it  was  no  honour  to  their 
courage  to  abandon,^  without  battle  or  conflicts,  to  dark 
foreigners,  and  black  grim  Gentiles,  the  inheritance  which 
their  fathers  and  grandfathers  had  defended^  in  battles^ 
and  conflicts  against  the  chiefs  of  the  GaedhiL 

XLVIII.  Afber  this*  all  the  Dai  Cais  were  assembled  to  M»th- 
one  appointed  place  before  Mathgamhain,^®  and  he  asked  S^^i^g 
them  what  decision  they  wished  to  come   to,  namely,  the  Dai 
whether  they  would  have  peace  or  war  with  the  foreigners,    "** 
and  with  the  Danars.   Then*^  they  all  answered,  both  old  They 
and  young,  that  they  preferred**  meeting  death  and  de-^^.***" 
struction  and  annihilation  and  violence  in  defending  the 
freedom*'  of  their  patrimony,  and  of  their  race,  rather 
than  submit  to  the  tyranny  and  oppression^*  of  the  pirates, 
or  abandon*®  their  country  and  their  lands  to  them.    And 
this  was  the  voice  of  hundreds,*^  as  the  voice  of  one  man.'^ 

Mathgamhain  then  said,  that  this  was*^  the  decision  ^<ito 

expdthe 


enccroaiS  ndenlktile  co  Tricrt^a-  1 
Thonn,  octi|*  oo  bţiiati,  ocuy*  |U)  lom- 
doTnai|ic  TTlcrtgaThaiTi-,  oaiŢ  byiiaTi 
T>it>  aa  coTnaifile  tm)  'oen'oaot'p,  cm 
l^t,  no  an  cocccro  ţv©  gatlait),  [omîl- 
tmg  octi|»  p|ii  •Danayvaib,]  B. :  "  To 
one  appointed  place,  before  Mathgam- 
hain and  before  Brian,  and  Mathgam- 
hain and  Brian  asked  them,  what  d^ 
ciaion  they  wonld  make,  peace  or  war 
with  the  foreigners.** 
^  Thm.    B.  omits  imojxţio. 


^Preferred.  Tloba-o  ipe|i|i  le^  âcc 
octi-p  oi'oecTD  t)pa5b<iil,  B. 

"  Freedom,    8aot|iY»î,  B* 

w  TyranMf  and  oppreisian,  Poţl- 
|idin  ocu-p  poi|ineiTvc,  B. 

1*  To  abandon,  *  Ina  cqfild,  octSŢ 
ina  pperionn  pĂin,  ocu|»  a  cqvloch 

•DO  'OltptJCCCPO  "Odlt),  B. 

^^Htmdredt:  .c  za\ij  B. 

"  One  tnan,    CCoinfîitt  aca,  B. 

"  This  iboj.  For  imoţiTVO  ba  hi,  B, 
reads,  ip. 


70 


coscxroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  satLcnbti. 


Dones  f rom 
the  Eogh- 
anacht 
conntiy, 
And  f rom 
CacheL 


Invtsion 
of  the 
Eogban-  ' 
acht  coui- 
tiyand 
Caahel, 
tfaeninthe 
power  of 
the  DaneSf 


Imar,  of 
Limerick, 
maştera  his 


■Doib  tK) T)en(nb  .1.  ceacc  1  Cafiut  na  (115  ocuf  înneosanaCT; 
aţicena,  uaiţi  ba  he  fin  piumpoţix;  TTltinian,  ocuf  pţiim- 
ieglac  clainni  OCelelLa ;  -oe^bni  on  aţi  ba  he  CCeleac 
muman,  ocuf  'Cemaiyi  Left  TTlosa.  ba  he  "ona  a  miin- 
a7)Uf  octif  a  fenT)ticuf  bcroem.  OCfbeţiT:  ba  peopfi  a 
pîfi  ca:6a  ocuf  comlainT)  fin  înnan'ouCaife  ocuf  imma 
leifclama  btinaiT)  înnaf  im  an  pefian'O  pofigabala  ociif 
claiDim,  ocuf  cit)  vncco  no  'Docaiţi  fogabDaif  ic  cof- 
num  faijii  pfiînnceţllais  TU  uman,  ocuf  im  tki  uaoii 
congbala  foLtamnaif  ocuf  plccfiamnaif  epent) ;  ife  ba 
cofiti  faififi  TK)  cofntim  ocuf  laţiţiam  anx). 

XLIX  Ro  veUjr^  "ona,  foţifin  comaţiti  fin  acea 
ocuf  ai-^beţicaDayi  uli  ba  comaţili  coif,  ba  hafiiufc  pag- 
bala,  [octif ]  ba  btiaiT)  aif tabfa.  Do  loxxxji  laffin  înn- 
eosanacu,  octif  fo  linfac  eoganafir,  ocflf  THufcpaisi 
acco  o  *Oân  na  8ciach  co  belu£  OCccailli.  "Oa  liiii), 
imoffo,  TDatîhsamain  laffin  1  Cafelnafig,  ocuf  fo 
gaboD  fOffOD,  ocuf  lonţpofc  acei  1  n*Oân  Cuiţic  tn 
bticroain  laf  n6c  "Doncaoa  mic  Cella£an  fi  CcnfiL  "Oo 
fonaT),  imoffo,  cfe^a  mofa  ocuf  aifgni,  octif  if^la 
tia6ib  af  ca€  leî  fo  TTlumain  "ou  1  faboDOf  ţoill 
octif  a  mtiînrefa. 

O  fo  ctiala,  imoffo,  Imaf  ua  himaif  aprofi  gali 
mtiman  ocuf  goe^oel  in  ixtn  fin,  in  meifneac  mofi 


^Forthatwoi.  C>iţvbaYie,B.  The 
meaning  is  the  aame.  "  For  that  [viz., 
Caahel]  wasthechief  [rq^al]  reâdence 
of  Mnmhain,  [or  Mniuter],  and  the 
Eoghanacht,  [vie,  the  couitry  around 
KiUamey]  was  the  principal  seat  of 
the  deecendanta  of  AilioU,  [or  Oilioll 
Ginim.]**  Forpţvimtestoi,  B.reada, 
pp,iThceaUxi6aiTieachonf)  **  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  the  snpremacy  of  the  de- 
loendants  of  OilioU." 

^Foriivfos,  'OâiţtKxhe^B.  The 
meaning  ia»  that  Cashel  was  to  Mnn- 
ster,  vhat  Ailech  [the  old  royal  seat 
of  the  O'Neills]  was  to  the  north  of 
Ireland;  and  to  Legh  Mogfaa  or  the 


Bonthem  half  of  Ireland,  what  Tara 
[the  royal  seat  of  the  chîef  king]  was 
to  the  wfaole  kingdom. 

>  Tkeir  origm.  B.  omits  a  fnvnct- 
fynŢ  [which  in  oorrect  orthognphy 
onght  to  be  a  mbnnoroni'],  and  năds, 
ocuf  ba  he  a  feti  niratcaf  biiiD6in. 

^  And  oomhaL  B.  omits  ocQf  ocrni* 
taiiTD  fin. 

<  For  tkeir  mherilimee^  B.  nads, 
imo  TMichaiţ  7  tna  qfiich  tmnarâi 
indf  ma  ţ:eţumn :  **  For  thcir  inh»- 
litance  and  for  their  native  ooontiy, 
tlian  for  land  acqnired,**  &c 

*  Freedom,    B.  omits  |xiiTif. 

7  nUars.    OCn  tKi|\a  httcnrne,  B. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  71 

that  it  was  right  for  tliem  to  come  to,  to  go  to  Caisei  of  the  Danc^  from 
kings,  and  to  the  Eoghanacht  alao,  for  that  was*  the  chief  ^^*^^' 
residence  of  Miimhain,  and  the  principal  seat  of  the  de-  country, 
soendants  of  Ailioll ;  very  properly  too,  for  it  was*  the  SlîiS™ 
Ailech  of  Mumhain  and  the  Temhair  of  Leth  Mogha.     It 
was  also  the  place  of  their  origin'  and  their  ancient  birth- 
right.     He  said  that  it  was  better  and  more  righteous  to 
do  battle  and  combat^  for  their  inheritance,^  and  for  their 
native  right,  than  for  land  acquired  by  conquest  and  the 
sword;  and  that  though  they  must  necessarily  sustain 
labour  or  loss  in  defence  of  the  freedom®  of  the  chief  seat 
of  Mumhain,   and  the  two    sustaining   pillars^   of  the 
govemment*  and  sovereignty  of  Erinn,  it  was  for  that^ 
they  ought  to  contend  and  seek. 

XLIX.  Accordingly  this  advice*^  was  adopted;  and  they  invasion 
all  said  that  it  was  prudent  advice,  and  that  it  was  gifted*  *  R)Sian- 
counsel,  and  a  victory  of  eloquence.     They  marched  then  achtcoan- 
into  the  country  of  the  Eoghanacht,  and  the  Eoghan- ^Jshd, 
acht  and  the  people  of  Muscraighe  gathered  unto  them*^  then  în  the 
from  Dân  na  Sciath*^  to  Belach  Aocailli.     Mathgamhain  ^rDaneis 
went**  after  this  to  Caisei  of  the  kings  ;  and  he  halted  •^^-  ^^• 
and  encamped*^  at  Dân  Cuirc,  the  year  after  the  death 
of  Donnchadh,  son  of  Cellachan,  king  of  Caisei.     Oreat 
plunders*^  and  ravages  and  conâicts  were  effected  by  them 
on  all  sides  throughout  Mumhain,  wherever  the  foreigners 
and  their  people  were  settled. 

But  when  Imar,  grandson  of  Imar,  chief  king  of  the  imar,  of 
foreigners  of  Mumhain,  and  of  the  Gaedhil  at  that  time,  muBterahis 

— vassalfl. 


8  Govmrtmait  B.  omits  poUam- 
noif. 

•  It  woi/or  ihoL  CC|*  fe  ba  c^a 
TK)  6o|Tiaiii  Tve  ■oanarvcnb,  B.,  "this 
was  what  they  ought  to  delend  from 
the  Danars." 

^  TkU  advice,  B.  gives  this  passage 
thna:  Ho  aencoigfioc  tiile  an  co- 
ibaitvli  fiti,  octrp  acbeTvcacaiv  ba 
c6itv  î,  ocu-p  ba  haiteyxîc  po^balo, 
oco'p  ba  btiai'6  nuTilabTuc  fio  can. 


"Do  lorap.  mie  in  ^ogcma^c  ia|i- 
Ţ\r\. 

^^Gified.  CCieefCC,  B.  CCtyvŢ^ 
YXXgbalo,  "  a  message  commnnicated 
or  inspired  by  God  or  the  Saints." 

"  Unto  them,    acco^om.  B. 

^J)un  na  Sciath,  so  B.  Diin  nas- 
lath,  D. 

1^  Mathffamhain  venL  T)o  tniT) 
TTlaiî^aihaiTi  co  Caipol  na  ^vlofe  B. 

i>  Encamped,    B.  omits  acc\,  • 

^^  Great  plunders,  B.  omits  imoţifio» 


72 


cosoroti  sae'otiel  ne  ţccUccibli. 


Amiuterof 
Danes  and 
Irish  to 
ravageDal 
Cais. 


Three 
Munster 
chieftaÎDB 
refuae  to 
join  Imar, 
and  are 
muidered. 


Othera  join 
theforeign- 
ers  troTH 
enmity  to 
theDal 
Cais. 


crobul,  octif  in  meirnianţioD  fniţibtil'Da  "Dafionfacaţi 
meic  Cen'oeT^is  ocuf  "Doilcaif  ajicena,  ba  |iecc  actiiD 
leo  fin,  ba  peyig  p|i  peocaiţi,  ocuf  ba  gal  cjiiT)!,  aţi 
uabaifiT;  layium  na  TU  uman  'oofom  tili  po  cam,  ocuf  ţo 
geillfim  -gaXX ;  if  amayi  baf  bic  a  mm.  T)o  tionneţraţi 
cocoD,  ocuf  cenT)abac  "oo  "oenam  a  cuil  bic  Don  ÎTlumain 
ţiif  layifin.  T)o5ni€e|i,  "ona,  mofifeinol  ocuf  mofif lâageD 
peyi  TU  uman  uli  cucei,  eciţi  gali  ocuf  goe'OGl,  co  haic 
oenra^ac  oenbali,  'oinyie'o  ocuf  vo  'oelaţipiT)  T)ailcaif, 
cuna£  beii  ţe\i  con^bala  cinî)  capaill  "oaii  ţeh,  TKib 
na  "oapoţiatmec,  ţo  cefeaţi  aiţiT)  na  TDuman  can  maţi- 
boD  ocuf  can  afa^UT),  no  'oaiabaifiT;  ţo  cam,  ocuf  ţo 
geilfini  TK)  gallaib  amail  cac. 

L.  bacaţi  imoţiţio  fin  TDumam  flari  fifienaCa,  octif 
ţ\iuh  fofenelaca  T)ayi  naţibail  m  fluagex)  fin.  Lucr; 
lacfi'oe  na^fiabi  "oaneon  po  mamuf  ^all,  ocuf  •oonqfi- 
far  bai'obaib  bunaiT)  "Dailcaif  .1.  paelan  mac  Cofimaic 
ţii  nanT)efi,  ocuf  piaqii  mac  CCllamafan  ţii  TleffOT), 
ocuf  81'DecaD  mac  Se^m  fi  'CicilL  Ocuf  fomafbair; 
qfia  in  rfiaf  ţ*in  la  h-1maf  Lumnig  ocuf  fe  gallaib 
apcena,  uaif  "Dabacaf  ic  uaifmefc  m  fluagaiT) ;  ocuf 
fio  pef  ofcu  co  baT)  peaff  leo  beir  ac  THarh^amam 
ol'oaf  bei€  ic  ^allaib  ocuf  ic  mac  bf  am.  baDaf  "ona 
T)fon5  ele  ifin  THumam,  ocuf  cen  cob  af  tkii^  gali,  ba 


1  Tremendout.    CC'obat  fin,  B. 

■  To  him.  ba  |vecc  enccnecro  teo- 
fortî  fin»  octif  ba  pefux;  pî|ipe<3- 
iaiţi,  B. 

>  Biâ  havmg  mode,  OCţi  xxaboific 
TTliiThan  uite  -po  cdin,  ocuf  -po 
geiltfine  gatl,  cocca'o  ocuf  com- 
ţMjaâa'o  t)0  "D^uTh  hi  ccuit  t>icc  tkmi 
TTlhiiThainpţxiff,  B.  Thetranscriber 
most  probably  omitted  a  line. 

*  Spiie.  CC  mm,  "his  venom,**  or 
"  poison.**  The  words  i|*  amaţi  baf 
bic  a  num  axe  omitted  in  B. 

»  Muster,  "Oo  gnlteii  m6\i  ptn- 
oiţeo^  ocuf  ni6|i  tionâ^,  B. 

^  Toone  qppokUed  place.  Co  hâic 
nâenboite,  B. 


7  Dqtopuiate.    "Oiitoitiiiuccaiâ,  B. 

*  Shouid  not  be.  Cona  bei*  ţ»|v 
oongriiala  cin*©  capaill  coji  peich 
po  ceitfie  hai|iT)ib  na  TOnThon  mUs 
gon  niap.ba75  ocuf  gan  bâfuccors 
no  a  ixabaiţxc  p6  c<Sin,  oc«f  po 
ţeiUfine  gaU,  B. :  "  That  there 
shouid  not  be  a  man  to  goide  a  hone*s 
head  over  a  channel,  within  the  fonr 
points  of  Monster,  who  shouid  not 
be  killed  and  put  to  death,  or  made 
to  gîve  tribute  and  hoetages  to  the 
foreigners."  The  words  *^a  man  to 
goide  a  hone*8  head  over  a  channel,** 
were  probably  proverbiaL 

•  Righteouâ.    Pi|\beaf;6aca,  B. 
^Dîdtiotaj^nrove.    IJt,  *^to  whom 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.     73 

heard  of  the  great,  tremendous*  courage,  and  the  marvel- 

lous  determination  which  the  sons  of  Cennedigh  displayed, 

and  the  Dai  Cais  aJso,  it  was  to  hîm^  frenzy  of  mind,  and 

raging  fury,  and  aching  of  heart,  after  his  having  made' 

all  Mumhain  to  be  tributary  and  bonnd  to  give  hostages  to 

the  foreigners.    His  spiţe*  was  little  short  of  death  to  him. 

He  then  determined  on  making  a  small  angle  of  Mumhain 

the  seat  of  war  and  conflict ;  and  the  great  muster^  and  Amtuterof 

great. hosting  of  all  the  men  of  Mumhain  was  accordingly  i^^f^ 

made  unto  him,  both  of  GaiU,  and  Gaedhil,  to  one  appointed  mvage  Dai 

plaoe,^  to  ravage  and  depopulate^  Dai  Cais,  so  that  there 

should  not  be^  left  of  them  a  man  to  guide  a  horse's  head 

over  a  channel,  an  abbot,  or  venerable  person,  within  the 

four  points  of  Mumhain,  who  should  not  be  murdered  or 

put  to  death,  or  brought  under  tribute  and  subjection  to 

the  foreigners  like  all  others. 

L.  But  there  were    in   Mumhain   righteous^  princes,  Thpee 
and  noble  chiefs,  who  did  not  approve^*^  of  this  hosting.  JJ^"^iî„ 
These  were  people  who  were  not  in  voluntary  subjection  «fuae  to 
to  the  foreigners,  and  who  were  not  the  natural  foes  of  the  ^^ J  ^^' 
Dai  Cais,  viz.,  Faelan,  son  of  Cormac,  king  of  the  Deşi,  murdered. 
and  Flathri,  son  of  Allamaran,^'  l^i^g  of  Ressad,  and 
Sidechad,'^  son  of  Segni,  king  of  Titill.     And  these  three 
were  killed^*  by  Imar  of  Luimnech  and  the  foreigners  who 
were  with  him,  because'*  they  were  endeavouring  to  hinder 
the  expedition;  and  it  was  known  of  them^^  that  they  pre- 
ferred  being  allied  to  Mathgamhain  rather  than  to  the 
foreigners  and  the  son  of  Bran.     There  were  others  also  in  othen  join 
Mumhain,  and,  although  it  was  not  for  the  sake*®  of  the  ^J^*^' 
foreigners,  they  were  ready  to  go  and  plunder  Dai  Cais,  enmiţy  to  * 

this  expedition  was  not  pleasing/* 
'Ocmoţi  bdjt  cm  f luatsecco  fin  -do 
■oenaifi  .1.  tti6c  icropt»  nac  ţvcobe 
■oa  n-oedin  po  pnaâc  galt,  octi|* 
Qanatibta6b(r6a  i-Diţv  -odl  cCcnf ,  B. 

u  AUamaroH.  Son  of  Allmoran, 
king  of  Resad,  B. 

1*  Sidechad.  Sidichan,  son  of  Segin, 
king  of  TlcciU,  or  Tigill,  B. 

u  Were  kUkd.    B.  omits  qfva. 


the  Dai 


"  Beomue.    Le  gallaib  aţv6ena  6  Cais. 
ţiotknxaii  ace  coiixTneyxx:  an  zţCm- 
ai^'61  B. 

"  Of  them.  Ocii-p  OTîlo  |io  pej* 
-potiTiu  Ewp.  bo  ţreiiti  lefi  beich 
ag  tnatgaTtiaiTi  ina  bei-o  ag  mac 
bjvam,  ocuy»  05  gaUaib,  B. 

M  Not  for  the  sake.  OaiŢ  510TI  guti 
aţi  -oaig  gaU,  B.,  a  di£Ference  of 
speUing  ovUţ, 


74 


coBoroti  sad-otiel  ne  scclXaibli. 


A  council 
of  warof 
thechiefis 


hefcaiT)  leo  refe  'Din|iiti'o  T3atxîaif  .1.  tnoelmticro  mac 
bjiain  ţii  T)efmuTnan,  ocuf  Donnaban  mac  Caroil  ţiiţ 
Ha  Ca|ibfii.  CCţi  maţibaT)  na  ma€i,fin  T)Tia,  amail  ţio 
ţiai'Dfiumap,  'oaltiiT)  1ma|i  Lumnig  co  T^tuag  TU  uman  umt 
eT;e|i  gali  ocuf  goe'oel  "oa  înţxngi  T)ailcaif . 

LI.  Ro  fiacx  in  fcel  fin  co  byiian  ocuf  co  inach- 
gamain,  ocuf  co  ma€ib  T)ailcatf  apcena,  aii;  ifipaboDaţi 
of  the  Dai  1  Cafol  na  fiig.  Ro  'DOcuiţiiT;  imoţifio  T)ailcaif  uli  cucu 
mcMtt^L™"  ^^  r^^CE^^-  1^  imcomajic  TTlachsamain  cit)  tk)  genixiif 
na  cufiaiT).  CCfbeyixxip,  imo|ifio,  na  T;|ieTnl  ocuf  rpen- 
miliT)  ba  comaţili  leo  uocu  co  Cnam^aill  in  na^aiT)  na 
fluaj,  ocuf  na  focţiaiT)!,  co  paigcif  ruf  in  bao  in£a€a 
T)oib  iac,  ocuf  meinboT)  ct)  cocucoaif  amuf  caillea, 
ocuf  poţiaisecua  pofi^o  in  CnamcailL  Ocuf  if  anT>fin 
TK)  iiocu  Ca6al  mac  peţuroai^  "oo  "Delbna  ÎTloiyi,  cec 
peţi  naţimac  imcomlainT),  "oo  neo€  poţifa  jiabi  fcioi  moţi 
mileca  aţi  cli  cac  oen  pip,  i  ţuiicacc  ocuf  i  foţii€iu 
T)ailcaif  cţiia  connailbi,  ocuf  cţii  pal  capDiUf  a^i  ba 
T)o  fil  Lui'oeac  mic  Oenpifa  na  .u.  T)Glbna.  ba  he  tn 
Ca6al  fin,  uţia,  yii  amfac  ocuf  gaifceDafi  eţienT)  ina 
jiemif  in  amfiyi  poDein.  Ca£  "ou  i  jiabi  gaifce^ac  no 
amfac  tk)  T)ailcaif  fo  eţiinT)  enţi  ÎTlaelfedainx)  ocuf 
CCoD  Ua  WeilU  Da  ţioccaji  uli  tk)  fiesfia  na  bagi  fin, 
ocuf  in  nanfO|ijian,  ocuf  vo  rabaifu  a  peTwna  coca 
ocuf  comluinT)  lea  Uaiţi  fiacuaDaţi  fin  uli  oen 
inoD  ifi  comaf.li  "oafonca  leo  refic  in  aT)aig  na  gali 


1  Kmgo/Detmumhain,  Tli  ÎTInifianţ 
B.,  ^*  king  of  Munstor/*  a  mutake. 
Maolmuad,  or  M0II07,  son  of  Btbii,  was 
king  or  lord  of  Denhambain,  (south 
Munster,  now  Deamond). 

s  KilUd,  After  matibcro,  B.  inaerts 
Cfux,  and  omite  "Dna  after  moti  fin. 

^Related.  CCT>tibtvocniocp.fiofhaiiinţ 
B.,  "  as  we  have  said  above.** 

^Armjf.  ţofUia$ai1>|B./*annie8.*' 

•  To  meet    'Oionnfoi'oe,  B. 

*  A$  vtU  as.     B.  omite  Ţin  and 

7  Swnmoned.    Ho  zotm\i\zz,  B. 


•  Brfore  tkem.  "Dat  cCaif  tute 
in  aen  lonoro,  B.,  '*all  the  Dai  Cais 
into  one  place." 

»  Asked,  Here  B.  ezhibite  a  difie- 
rent  text  Ocuf  fio  a6coifiGnfic  TTl  oC- 
goitiain  T)1b  aTih  t>o  'oentMDf  OOc- 
beţvccRxaţv  ţiob  1  a  coorhaiţite  cocc 
50  Cnccrhdoilt  na  naţorâ  i>iif  co 
poicolf  icro,  ociif  inbu'D  ion6ate 
'D6ib  loro  icqfiţvcccnn,  ocaf  nmnbirD 
OT>h  co  ccuocDalf  ccmcqpf  coiItvDh 
ţofipxi  hi  cCnârfidoiU :  ^'  And  Math- 
gamhain  aaked  them  wfaat  thej  would 
do.    They  answered,  tliat  their  advice 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEBHIL  WTTH  THE  aAILL. 


75 


viz.,  Maelmuadli,  son  of  Bran,  king  of  Desmninhain,^  and 
Donnabhan,  son  of  Cathal,  It^îng  of  Ui  CairbrL  Afber 
havîng  killed*  those  nobles,  as  we  have  related,*  Imar  of 
Luimnech  marched,  attended  by  the  army*  of  Mumhain, 
both  Gaill  and  Gaedhil,  to  meet*  the  Dai  Cais. 

LI.  This  news   reached  Brian  and  Mathgamham,  asAcouncîl 
well  as*  the  chiefs  of  the  Dai  Cais,  when  they  were  at  îhe'<Sef8 
Caisei  of  the  kings ;  they  summoned^  immediately  all  the  ^  ^^  ^** 
Dai  Cais  before  them.®     Mathgamhain  aaked*  what  the  moned. 
heroes  wished  to  do.     The  chieftains  and  brave  soldiers 
now  said  that  their  advice  was  to  march  to  Cnamchoill 
against  the  army  and  its  foUowers,  that  they  might  ascer- 
tain  if  they  were  able  to  give  them  battle;  and  if  not,  to 
make  a  wood  and  câmp  assault  on  them  at  CnamchoilL 
And  it  was  at  that  time  came^®  Cathal,  son  of  Feradach" 
of  Delbna-m6r,  with  an  hundred  armed  men  fit  for 
battle,^  ^  (each  man  of  them  having  a  large  warrior's  shield 
at  his  sîde,^^)  to  the  assistance  and  relief*  of  the  Dai  Cais, 
through  afiection  and  generous  friendship,  because  the  five 
Delbhnas'*  are  of  the  race  of  Lugaidh,  son  of  Oengus. 
Now  this  Cathal^*  was  the  king-soldier  and  champion  of 
Erinn  during  his  career,  in  his  own  time.*^  Wherever  there 
was  a  soldier,  or  champion  of  the  Dai  Cais  throughout 
Erinn,  whether  in  the  service  o/Maelsechlainn'®  or  of  Aedh 
O'Neill,  they  all  came  to  answer^^  the  suminona  to  that 
conflict  and  unequal  warfare,and  to  give  them  their  help  in 
battle  and  combat  When  these  all  had  arrived  at  one  place, 


waa  to  go  to  Cnamhchoîll,  to  recon- 
noitre  them,  and,  if  they  were  able,  to 
gire  them  battle  there,  and  if  not  to 
make  an  assault  upon  them  from  the 
wood  in  CnamhchoilL" 

w  Came.    Uo  fiacc,  B. 

^  Son  qf  Feratbch,  TTIacPasap.- 
cai5,  B.,  '*  son  of  Fagartach." 

^  FU  far  battle.  Wion6oTfitaiTili,B. 

^Athisnde.    Po|\  cli,  B. 

^^SeUrf.  tli  pptip.caccj  octiŢ  hi 
ţîpoiTXichiti,  B. 

^Thejivelklbhnai,  See  Introd.,  p. 


cxvii.,  n.  S  Table  UI.,  No.  9,  p.  247. 

16  This  Cath(^  Ocuţ'  ba  Cotai 
pn,  B. 

17  7»  Am  own  time.  ^n  a  fie»  octiţ* 
iTia  aiTnfi|u  Ci-o  cp«  adc  ga^  "oti  hi 
|vaibe,  yc,  B. 

M  Maehechlamn.  TTl  aetjpecUnnn 
ifn6|\,  B. 

^Tocmtwer.  "Oo  fiiadcoccap.  mie 

•00  ^j|vecq[ia  na  bd^a  ţm\,  ochi*  no 

poţifiana,  ocuţ^TK)  taboiţvc  aţ?pe^ 

ma  coca,  ocuf  comlainn  led.  Oţvo 

I  fia^cvoaTifinaileoohaointonafDi 

•f3 


76 


cosaroli  sad-otiel  ne  ţaUccibti. 


BatUe  of 
Sulcoit. 
A.D.  968. 


The  fo- 

reigners 

defeated. 


Poetical 

dialogue 

between 

Mathgam- 

hain  and 

Brian. 


co  SuIcoit;,  ocuf  caz  pica  poţineifir;  peiiomail  t)© 
cabaifiT;  vo  gallaib  ţo  iieiT)  in  muigi.  OTxrbccccati 
•oayiaile. 

LII.  O  "oa  fiaccaca|i  T)na,  T)ailcaif  co  8uIcoit:  'oa 
fiocucrcafi  ^aill  na  conni,  ocuf  na  coniT)ait,  ocuf  |io 
peţiaT)  ca€  pi&oa,  puileac,  poţiT)e|i5,  anmin,  a^aţib,  ant- 
aţimaiicac,  efcap-oemail,  ecopiia  Oacaţi  o  r|iac  eifi^ 
co  nrieT)an  lai  ic  immualao,  ocuf  ic  iniefa|icain  ecoţiţio. 
RomaiT),  imoţiţio,  ţx)|i  ^allaib  ia|ifin,  ocuf  ţ\orcaliT; 
ţo  cla-oaib,  ocuf  ţo  ^lenT^ai^ib,  ocuf  ţo  'oiamfiaib  in 
macaipi  moiţi  mînrcoTOi^  fin  laţifin.  Ho  lenaic,  imoţx- 
fvo,  leovom  co  hair  adlum  immeT)ţiuni  piaţilaiu  in  mai^i 
moiţi ;  fio  majibiT:  ocup  po  T)icennaiT:  o  pin  co  hiapnom. 

[Ocup  T)o  bai  mar^amam  oc  piappai-fie  pcel  vo  bpian, 
ocup  "00  bl  bpian  ace  înnipin  pcel  vo,  ocup  a  "Dubaipc 
in  101*5 : 

Cionnap  pin  a  bpiain  50  Tnblofd, 

CC  itieic  Cemneiccig,  copccpai5? 

CCn  puccfabaip  puacap  renn 

CCp  ţallaib  înnpi  Openn? 
*0o  cuamap  6  Caipiol  cam, 

go  CnaîhcoiU  a  TTlatţaTîiain, 

Co  txapla  nap  ccenn  onn  pin 

Cat  mapcpluaig  co  lâipeacuib. 
Cionnap  ap  pin  bap  pccapai*©, 

CC  bpiain  -gaţ  in  Idini  atlanh  ? 

Căite  bap  pccaptain  na  •âiai'o, 

Inpi  'DiJinn  a  'oeig  bpiain. 


B.  The  words  in  italica  in  the  trans- 
lation  are  added  to  complete  the  sense. 

^  Agaifut,    In  acchaiT),  B. 

*Fierce,  Cat  plocDa,  ţ:uileac, 
peaţiamail,  von''"^®«r'Cc,  anim  in 
ea|x«ai|\T)eaThait  "00  tabaific  ecoţv- 
|\a,  B.,  omitting  all  between.  This  is 
evidently  the  conclosion  of  the  next 
sentence  (line  3  of  eh.  Iii.),  caoght  up 
from  the  similarity  of  the  words. 

*  Mid-day.  TTli'6moT)6n  tdi  occ 
lommbuala'o,  6. 

'  £aGh  otker.    B.  omits  ecoritu). 


'^  Were  routed.  Oca|»yumiut'Oţ»p.p 
na  gaUxiib  laţipn,  B. 

6  Valleys.    ţo  5leanncai6f  B. 

7  Aftenoards.  For  Ţ\n  laţvpn,  B. 
Teadflfiaro. 

«  Great  plai».  CCn  riiaige  tfidifi 
lat),  B. 

»  From  that  time.  Tio  moixtxnc 
ocuy*  |vo  ■Dldennmc  icro  co  ba'obiit 
oc<î  pin  j;o  bmyinona,  B.,  "thcy 
killed  and  beheaded  them  prodigiooaljr 
from  that  time  untll  erening*^ 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


77 


the  counsel  they  foUowed  was  to  go  against^  the  foreigners 
to  Sulcoit,  and  to  give  the  foreigners  a  fierce,*  crushing, 
xnanly  batUe  on  the  open  part  of  the  plain.  And  i/a  thia 
they  agreed  unanimonsly. 

LII.  When  the  Dai  Cais,  however,  arrived  at  Sulcoit,  Battie  of 
the  foreigners  came  against,  and  to  meet  them ;  and  there  A.Dr96S. 
-was  a  fierce,  bloody,  crimsoned,  violent,  rough,  unspar- 
ing,  implacable  battie  fought  between  them.     They  were 
firom  sun-rise  till  mid-day^  striking  and  slaughtering  each 
other.*     However,  the  foreigners  were  at  length  routed,*  The  fo- 
and  they  fled  to  the  ditches,  and  to  the  valleys,^  and  to  3^^^ 
the  solitndes  of  that  great  sweet-flowery  plain  afterwards.^ 
They  were  foUowed,  however,  by  the  others  quickly  and 
xapidly  throughout  the  great  plain,®  who  killed  and  be- 
L^tded  from  that  time^  imtil  evening. 

[And  Mathgamhain^^  asked  Brian  for  an  account  o/poetical 
the  baUle,  and  Brian  related  the  story  to  him ;  and  he  ^^^|^f 
spoke  this  poem : 

pL]  How  is  this,*'  O  Brian,  the  renowned, 

Thou  son  of  Cennedigh,  the  victorious  ? 

Dîd  you  give  a  mighty  rout 

Unto  the  Gaill  of  the  Isle  of  Erinn  ? 
[B.]  We  went  forth  fix>m  Caisei  the  fair 

To  Cnam-choill,  O  Mathgamhain ! 

Until  there  came  against  us  tbere 

A  battalion  of  horsemen  in  corslets. 
pd.]  How  upon  that  did  you  part, 

O  Brian  of  the  ready  hand? 

How  did  you  separate  afterwards  ? 

Teii  us,  O  noble  Brian  I 


Mftthgsm- 
hain  and 
Brian. 


10  Thm  Mathgamhain.  The  passage 
withîn  brackets  from  these  words  to  the 
end  of  the  f olloiring  poem,  is  f ound  onlj 
in  B.,  and  not  in  the  older  MS.  It  is 
eridently  an  interpolation ;  but  its  in- 
sertion  is  a  curions  evidence  of  the  anti- 
quity  of  the  original  work.  For  the 
poem  was  apparently  written  while  the 
feelings  necessarily  generated  bj  the 
lame  of  Mathgamhain  and  his  brother, 


Brian,  were  still  recent;  althongh 
O'Cleiy,  the  transcriber  of  B.,  has 
modemized  the  speUlng,  and  perhaps 
also  the  language. 

^  ffow  iâ  thiâ,  This  poem  is  in  the 
form  of  a  dialogue  between  Math- 
gamhain and  Brian.  The  Editor  has 
taken  the  liberty  of  marking  the  words 
attributed  to  each  speaker  hy  prefixing 
the  initUls  [M.]  and  [B]. 


78 


coscroti  scce^otiel  ne  saLlcnbti. 


Victoiy 
over  the 
foreignen 
st  iJme- 
rick,  A.D. 

96a 


Namefl  of 
the  foreign 
chief  taina 
fllaiii. 

Plnnder  of 
Limerick. 


Inneofor  fcăl  buf  tnait  lib 

CC  îheic  CeiîiTieicci^  cofcqfiai^h, 

bece  Tiaţi  beTifcrniafi  câD  cetiT) 

*Oo  JaUaib  itit)!*!  hOrveîi'O. 
If  tnait  cofnai'6  a  Oţitain  t)0  bâii», 

CC  îtieic  CeinneiT^ciJ  cneafbdin, 

t1i  ţ»af  cm  meat  ciqpct  af, 

"Moca  Ti-peDatnafi  cionT)af. 

CIOMWCCa] 

LIIL  O  'DţvoqKTDaîi  oen  incro  leo  a  hcrcb  cofcoip, 
ocuf  comai'omi  jio  imi^eT;  iiiTicnT)chi  co  mocan.  Ocuf 
fiof  ma|xbfcrc  eaţi  aiT)ci  ocuf  la,  co  n-oe^cocaţi  ifin 
T)âTi.  Ro  lenaiT;  beof  ifin  'duti,  ocuf  fio  maţibaic  cc[i  na 
fjxotaib,  ocuf  ifna  raipb.  T)o  'oţiocfurcaţi  anD  fin,  rţui, 
Cayiţian  Laigneac,  ocuf  Suabball  mac  Sigmaitl,  ocuf 
erlla  Tmerel,  ocuf  RuamanT),  ocuf  Somaţilix),  ocuf 
TDanuf  tumni^,  ocuf  'Colbaţib,  ocuf  Inpuic,  ocuf  pci 
cgt;  leo.  Ro  hinpeD  ocuf  fio  haţiger)  in  T)ân  leo  ia|\pn. 
'Cucfaic  a  feoiu,  ocuf  a  'Degmaini  if  a  -pcroloici  alli 
allmaţi-Da,  a  o|i  if  a  aiigeu,  a  her^aigi  perca  pifialli 
caca  Txifea,  ocuf  ca£a  ceneoil,  afpiciţi  niol  fiT:a  ţxnne- 
mail  fuacniT),  iceţx  ţx^afiloii;  if  uani,  ocuf  cac  he^aic 
ajicena.  'CuccaiT:  anin^ena  mini  macca^roa  ei;po€T;a 
ecfamla,  a  hâcmna  blaci  bîiecfpola,  ocup  a  maccaimi 


^  The  fort:  i.e.ţ  until  tjie  foreignen 
had  entered  tlie  fort  of  Luimnech, 
[Limericlc],  which  tlien  belonged  to 
the  Scandinavians.  B.  gives  thia  paa- 
aage  thus  :  Txtnsarcaiv  latipin  co 
mbtiai'DccopcaiTi,  ocup  ccompai'oţre. 
Ho  iTntigpeox;  ati  oi-oce  co  Tncn-DiTi 
Ţiompa,  ocup  |io  teanpac  na  goilt 
co  Tnamm,  fvo  mafibpoc  euiţi  01*666 
octip  XA  icro,  co  iroeacacaiv  ipin 
•oiiti  Yumipo,  ocup  tvo  leanonr;  pop 
ipin  r)^n  icpo,  ocup  -do  |io  ma|ib<r6 
ap.  na  pîidi'otb  ocup  ip  na  cigib 
laT):  "  They  came  afterwaids  with  the 
victory  of  alaughter  and  exnltation. 
They  marched  onwarda  that  night 
until  moming,  and  thej  pnnuGd  the 


foreignen  nntll  moming;  they  kîDed 
them  both  night  and  day  nntil  they 
entered  the  fort  before  them ;  and  thcj 
purmied  them  alao  into  the  fort,  and 
killed  them  in  the  streets,  and  in  the 
houaee." 

>  Tkae.  B.  reada,  cofu:|iaixaii 
onnpin  maite  na  nsatt.w  "there 
were  slaughtered  there  these  diiefii  of 
the  foreignerB,  vix.** 

'  Carran  Laighnech :  i.e.,  Cairan  of 
Leinster.  Thenamesof  theaechieftaina 
do  not  occur  in  the  Annala.  B.  givea 
them  thus:  "Carran  Lai^mech,  and 
Stabaill,  Bon  of  Sigmall,  and  Eda  Tre- 
teall  [i.e.,  the  hero],  and  Rnadhmond 
[Le.,  Redmond],  and  Somarligh,  and 


WARS  OP  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


79 


[B.]  I  shall  reiate  news  that  will  please  you, 

O  son  of  Ceniieâigh,  the  victorîouB ! 

little  lesa  took  we  than  an  hundred  heads 

From  the  Gaill  of  the  Island  of  Erinn. 
[M.]  Well  haat  thou,  O  Brian,  maintained  thj  battle, 

O  son  of  Cennedigh,  of  the  &ir  skin  ; 

It  is  not  known  if  good  will  come  of  it, 

Nor  do  we  know  how. 

How.] 

LIIL  When  they  came  together  after  vîctory  and  ex-  victoij 
ultation,  they  maxched  that  night  until  moming ;  and  ^^^^^ 
they  killed  them  both  night  and  day,  until  they  hadatiime- 
entered  the  fort»     They  followed  them  also  into  the  fort,  ţ^  ^^' 
and  slaughtered  them  on  the  streets  and  in  the  housea 
These^  were  killed  by  them  there,  viz.,  Carran  Laighnech,'  ^ames  of 
Stabball  son  of  SigmaU,  and  EtUa  Tretel,  and  Ruamand,  ^^liSaST 
and  Somarlid,  and  Manus  of  Luimnech,  and  Tolbarb,  and  aUin. 
Infiiit,  and  twenty  hundred ;  and  the  fort  was  sacked  by 
them  after  that.^     They  carried  ofF  their  jewels  and  their  Piimder  of 
best  property,  and  their  saddles  beautiftd  and  foreign ;  ^'^*"®^* 
their  gold*  and  their  silver;  their  beautifully  woven  doth 
of  all  colours  and  of  all  kinds ;  their  satina  and  silken 
cloth,  pleaaing  and  variegated,  both  scarlet  and  green,  and 
all  sorts  of  cloth  in  like  manner.    They  carried  away  their 
soft,  youthful,  bright,  matchless,  girls ;  their  blooming  silk- 
dad  young  women ;  and  their  active,  large,  and  well- 


Hagniis  of  Luimnech,  and  Tobairin- 
foit**  InthepoemwhicfafollowB  (chap. 
liv.)  the  names  of  the  slain  chieftaJna 
are  giren  thna:  Carrao,  Stabball,  Eda, 
Tretm  Tuaidh  [?  of  the  North] ,  Magnna 
Berna,  Toralbh,  Rnadhmand  of  Lime- 
Tîck.  ThiareadfaiginakeeEdaaiidTrD- 
tin  two  distinct  persona — ^whereas  both 
D.  and  B.  in  thia  place  read £taIla,(or 
Etla),  Tretill,  D.,  and  Eda  Tretill,  B. 

<  4/ier  that  B.  omits  ia|ipii,  and 
reada,  ocuţ  mcfHnc,  without  any  stop. 

^Tkârgold.  B. omit8thewordsi|^a 


fKTDtonci  atti  attfnaYiTKX,  and  reads, 
a  ntffv  ocii|*  a  nontvocec,  oca|*  a  ti6- 
TKciţe  aiU>e  allmocp.'oa  gada  TMxfta 
eciji  |Tfi6L  ocii|*  i^cmct,  ociJ|»  pţvic, 
ocnţ^  finpiât.  ZDugonct:  a  înngecma 
mine  macDacca,  ixnŢ  a  ndgmna 
btonte  banTxXi  octrp  a  macaiTh 
Tneapa  mnitineaca.  The  xeader  will 
observe  that  B.  has  modemixed  the 
spelling  throughout.  But  to  notice 
eveiy  variation  of  orthography  wouid 
swell  these  notes  to  an  inconvenient 
bnlk. 


80  coBoroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  sccLlcnbti. 

meyi  TnoţiElana.     'Cucccro  in  -oâTi,  ocuf  in  •oeţbali  ţo 
•oluim  'Dicro  ocuf  if  'oeţi^ceneT)  laţifin.     Ho€inoit  uti 
in  bţiaiT;  fin  co  cnocanaib  San^ail,  ţu)  majibaic  cac  oen 
fiob  inecua  "oib,  ocuf  fio  "oaiţiaiT:  ca£  oen  ţiob  in'OcnţiCa. 
Poem  in         LIV.  [Octif  T)0  fioine  an  ple  an  lai'B  aga  ipoingell : 
ofthe  ^  Tîiacganiain  if  maic  fin, 

▼ictoiy.  CC  meic  CmneirciJ  Caifil, 

"Cugaif  na  piHa  fa  fvtiaig, 
*Oon  rufiaffa  50  Sulctiai'o. 
*0o  ctii|itf  afi  gali  50  nţoil, 
8an  ecou  wâfifa  a  TTlatgaThain, 
"Mt  fcâl  bfiăige,  adu  if  fcâl  be6c, 
"Oa  c6t)  •oâg,  ann  vo  ttucfoc. 
*Oo  rtiir  CajXfvan  voz  laiih  Itiinn, 
CC  bfiiain  î  a  tmv  a  comluinn  ! 
^  1f  ScabaU  vo  rtuc  a|ifin, 

Le  Catal  mac  pagaţicaig. 
X)o  cuie  67)a  if  T^ieinll  ciiai'6, 
If  îTlagnaf  Oeiina  bo|ibqitiai'6, 
1f  ba  ni6|\  anâf,  aţipn, 
"Cojiolb  if  RuffbmanT)  LuimniJ. 
Ro  hînnfioo  Luimnead  50  lăif,  lear; 
Ruccaif  a  n6fi  fa  naiyicceac, 
Ro  aijxgif  a  n'oân  |ve  hea'6, 
"Ctigaif  â  pa  mtif,  cinecrt. 
*Oo  cofnaif  TTluTîiain  co  mait, 
CC  îTlat^amain  !  a  mdfiplait! 
"Cuccaif  a  ţif,  |\tiaca|i  reanT), 
ţoiU  'Dionnaţiba  a  hCyiinT). 
Rl  ÎTluman  if  cu  'oaf,  leom, 
CCifiT)fii  Caifil  na  cceimen^), 
"CioDlaic  âf,  T>o  lucc  lagai'6, 
Robfoc  m6^  a  TTlacgaTnain. 

CC  maxsccmcciM.] 


1  The  fort.     CCn  •oânai'o,  B. 

>  Afterwardi.  B.  omită  ia|\fiii, 
and  reads,  po  t)ttiii1i  "OicrD,  ocuf 
'oeocYiai'D,  ocnf  •oei|i5?::eiTii'6. 

>  FU  far  var.  ţa6  aon  |iob  lon- 
f1ia|\bta  ann,  B.,  "every  one  that 

fit  for  being  kUled." 
*  The  poet    This  poem  occurs  onl7 


in  B.  It  seems  to  be  a  dialogne  be- 
tween  Brian  and  Matfagamhain ;  and 
the  Editor  has  added  the  lettect  [B.] 
and  [M.]f  in  the  tranalation,  to  maik 
thia. 

*  Fogartack.  See  above,  cfaap.  ÎL, 
wbere  D.  calk  him  son  of  Fendach; 
but  B.  haa  tfaere  aUo  Fogaitach. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  81 

fonned'boys.  The  fort*  and  the  good  town  they  reduoed 
io  a  doud  of  smoke  and  to  red  fire  afterwards.^  The 
whole  of  the  captives  were  coUected  on  the  hilU  of  SaingeL 
Eveiy  one  of  them  that  was  fit  for  war'  was  killed,  and 
eyery  one  that  was  fit  for  a  slave  was  enslaved. 

LIY.  [And  the  poet^  made  this  poem  to  celebrate  the  Poem  in 

event :  odebratlon 

of  the 
[B.]  o  Matbgamhain  I  that  is  well  I  yictoiy. 

O  son  of  Gennedigh  of  Caiâel, 

Thou  hast  put  the  foreîgners  to  rout, 

By  thiâ  march  to  Sulcoit. 
Thou  hast  brought  elaughtcr  on  the  foreigners,  with  valour, 

In  this  great  battie,  O  Mathgamhaîn  I 

Not  false  the  tale !  'tis  a  tale  of  truth ! 

Twelve  hundred !  there  they  fell. 
p^jCarran  fell  by  thy  impetuous  hand, 

O  Brîan  I  thou  chief  în  the  combat ! 

And  Staball  fell  after  that 

By  Cathal,  son  of  Fogartach.^ 
£da  and  Tretill  fell  in  the  north,^ 

And  Magnus  Berna,  fierce  and  hardy, 

And  great  was  the  slaughter  of  them  after  that, 

Torolbh  and  Buadhmand  of  Luînmech. 
Luimnech  was  totally  ravaged  by  thee  ; 

Thou  didst  carry  away  their  gold  and  their  silver ; 

Thou  didst  plunder  their  fort  at  the  time ; 

Thou  didst  surround  it  by  a  wall  of  fire. 
[B.]  For  Mumhain  hast  thou  wdl  contended 

O  Mathgamhaîn !  thou  great  chief! 

Thou  hast  gîven,  O  king,  a  stern  defeat, 

To  banish  the  foreigners  from  Erînn. 
King  of  Mumhain,  methinks  thou  art, 

High  king  of  Caisei,  renowned, 

Bestow  gold  on  those  who  merit,      ' 

They  are  many,  O  Mathgamhaîn  I 

O  Mathgamhaîn  !] 


^Intke  nortk :  Le.,  in  north  Monster, 
or  Thomond,  see  last  line  ol  p.  95.  In  B. 
i«  the  fpUowing  marginal  note  *'  JEda 
TreatecUl,  n^a,"  which  caUs  attention 


to  the  fact  that  in  the  foregoing  chapter 
Eda  or  Etla  T^till  ia  spoken  ol  as  one 
man,  whereaa  here  we  have  two,  Eda 
and  TretelL    TrtkU  or  TreHtt  ngni- 

O 


82 


coţcroti  ţcce'otiel  ne  sallcnbti. 


Dividonof 
thespoiL 


Raoesof 
the  son  of 
Feimâach. 


Math- 
gamludii 
plundera 
MnnBter» 

Cathal, 
son  of 
Fendach, 
kiUed, 
A.D.968. 


Mftth- 
gamha!n*« 
MYen  vio- 
torieB  oTer 
theforaigii- 


LV.  Ro  oţiT)ai§,  'ona,  Tncrchsarfiain  acmz  coiţi  com- 
(Toaif,  afi  T)ainib  if  aţi  T)li5eDaib,  a|i  befaib,  oqfi  caen- 
efcib,  afi  gail,  if  afi  gaifcer),  -oo  gac  •ouni  maţi  'ou- 
•0I15.  1f  anT),  rţia,  th)  ţionra  sţiapains  mic  peţurooif, 
accu  .1.  lini  m6fi  vo  ^ailfecaib  nan^all  1  ctiocanaib 
San^ail  imactiaţii:,  octif  ficrc  cfioma,  ocuf  a  lama 
afilaţi,  ocuf  51II1  na  fluog  5a  maiţief cti-o  man'oeţai'D, 
T)o  ţiaiu  anma  nangall  fio  maţibaiT;  ifin  coC 

LVI.  "Oa  fionaiTJ,  qria,  cţieca  octif  aiţipii  octif  înţieDa 
moţia  po  Tlfluifiam  o  TTlaTjh^arftain.  "Oa  jioneT)  qieic 
moifi  leif  poyi  u  Gnna  OCni,  ocuf  if  T)ifiT)e  ţio  maţiboD 
Cercai  mac  peţia^aiC  ţiig  amfac  e|ienT).  Ro  gab, 
imoţifio,  pallu  ocuf  bfiagci  t)0  peţiaib  TTluifian  coleiţi, 
fio  gab  bfiagci  TTloelmua^  mic  Ofiain  ayi  na  gabail 
pein  aţiT)tif.  Ro  gab  bţiagci  'Oonnubdn  mic  Cocail 
|ii  Ua  pT)§enn.  Ro  maţib  f uaţicleru  ^all  af  cac  nţi, 
ocuf  fio  fiain  .uii.  ma^manx)  aţi  gallaib  'Doneoc  iţi 
cufiOD  'oefi^  dţi  gali  .1.  mai'oim  SengualanT),  ocuf  maiT)im 
in  Laig  1  'Cfiaciungi,  octif  mai'oim  a|i  tnacaiţii  mdp, 
•oinafDeţiiHxc  gaill  puiţir  Laţip,  ocuf  gaill  Lumniţ 
aix;  comT)ail  'oinţiUT)  Tlltirftan,  'oayi  aiţigfet;  Imli^  octif 
T)d  Id  \  ţoflonspuifix;  înn  ;  fio  mafib,  imofifio,  ÎTlach- 


fieB  a*hen>.  See  pp.  52,  line  4,  and 
84,  line  12.  Keating  calls  this  chief- 
tain  T410C1II  Cfiein  tnile^  **Tretill 
the  stoat  champion.** 

1  Ordered.  B.  reads,  a  tiontle  na 
101*66  pn,  tw)  ojiTMng,  7c,  "  in  ao- 
ooTdanoe  with  tbis  poem  Mathgamhain 
ordend,  &c** 

*  PenoM.    B.  omits  oţi  txnnib  if  . 

>  Fair  performtmeeâ.  Ocuţ  aţi 
caerfiaefoib  octif^  cqfv  ooifioifxi^  B. 

^  Son  qf  Feradack,  Le.,  Cathal,  eon 
of  Feradach,  (or  of  Fogartach,  as  he  ia 
called  in  B.,)  chief  of  Delbhna  m6r, 
(now  the  barony  of  Delrin,  co.  West- 
meath,)  who  distingoished  himself  in 
the  batUe  asananziliary  to  Mathgam- 
hain.  See  chap.  ÎL,  p.  75.  B.  leads, 
Bivofxnng  mCifi  aca,  "a  great  lace," 


making  no  mention  of  the  son  of  Feia- 
dach. 

*  Women.  The  woid  goitfeâ  hera 
nsed  signifies  a  f onign  weman,  so  that 
"DO  sail/pe6ait>  na  n^atU  **the  fo- 
reign  women  of  the  foreignen,'*  is  tan- 
tology. 

^  Om  the  gnmnd.  B.  adds,  ocuf*  a 
n'oejvnanna  pata,  "  and  the  palms 
of  their  hands  nnder  them.** 

^Horâe-bojfs.  Ut^giOuâ.  B-ieads, 
octif*  sitteamx  an  cplaoi^  yc, 
leaving  the  sentence  nnfiniahed  and 
omitting  what  f  oUows  in  the  text 

*  Ui  Emui  of  Ane.  B.  reada,  poţi 
ti  nCn'Da  OCi'one:  ^^Ui  Enna  of 
Aidhne,"  but  Aine,  now  Knorkany, 
in  the  oonnty  Limerick,  ia  the  place 
intended. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


83 


LV.  Maihgamhain  then  ordered^  to  every  one  as  heDiyiiionof 
deserved,  hia  proper  and  befitting  shaxe,  according  to  per-  ^^'^  "P*^ 
sons^  and  rights,  according  to  aocomplishments  and  fair 
performances,'  according  to  bravery  and  valonr.     It  was  lUces  of 
then  they  cdebrated  also  the  races  of  the  son  of  Fera-  FoiSacL 
dach/  viz.,  a  great  line  of  the  women^  of  the  foreigners 
waâ  placed  on  the  hills  of  Saingel  in  a  circle,  and  they  were 
stooped  with  their  hands  on  the  groand,^  and  marshalled 
by  the  horseboys^  of  the  army  behind  them,  for  the  good 
ci  the  souls  of  the  foreigners  who  were  killed  in  the  battle. 

LVI.  Great  spoils  and  plunders  and  ravages  were  now  Math- 
committed  by  Mathgamhain  in  Mnmhain.     By  him  great  SJ^S 
spoils  were  taken  from  the  Ui  Enna  of  Ane,^  and  there  Mmuter. 
it  was  that  Cathal,  son  of  Feradach,^  the  king-soldier  of  Catiui, 
Erinn,  was  killed.     He  took  the  pledges  and  liostages  ^  ***. 
of  all  the  men^^  of  Mumhain ;  he  took  the  hostages  of  kîUed, 
Maehnnadh,  son  of  Rram,  having  captured**  himself  first;  ^^'  ^^ 
he  took  the  hostages  of  Donnabhăn,  son  of  Cathal,  king 
of  Ui  Fidhgenti^'» ;  he  killed  the  billetted  soldiers^»  of  the 
foreigners  on  every  territory ;  and  he  gave  seven  defeats  to  Hath- 
the  foreigners,  in  which**  he  made  a  red  slaughter  of  «*°*^^" 
the  foreigners,  viz.,  the  defeat  of  Sen-gualainn,  and  the  de-  toriea  over 
feat  of  the  Laegh  in  Tratraighe,  and  a  defeat  on  Machaire-  ^'<*"^" 
m6r,  when  the  foreigners  of  Port  Lairge^*  and  the  foreign- 
ers of  Luinmech  nnited  in  ravaging  Mumhain,  when  they 
plundered  Imlech  and  encamped  two  days  there ;  but  Math- 


>  Feradach,  B.  caJUs  thia  chieftain 
ererjrwliere  **  the  son  of  Fogaxtach  ;** 
and  he  ia  tîlao  so  called  in  the  Bodleian 
Ânnals  of  Inisfallen,  where  hia  death  is 
recorded,  A.D.  952,  aa  Dr.  O^Conor 
givea  the  date,  but  really  968. 

^^O/aUthemen.  B.readBbTiaig^>e 
peaţiUlnnionii  tiite,  ocu'p'DO  ga^&c. 

11  ffavmg  captured,  B.  omită  ocţi 
na  gabcnt  pein  aii-otiy». 

13  Ui  ndhgmuL  Ua  Pmgenci,  D. 
Ua  Vt^eiTice,  B.  ti  a  pi'ogeitice, 
Fonr  M.,  more  coirectly. 


i>  BOkited  toldkrt,  See  chap.  xL, 
p.  49,  and  chap.  Irii.,  p.  85. 

i^/nw&tcA.   'Oofieodincmfve^B. 

i«  Cf  Port  Lairge.  B.  giyes  thia 
paaaage  thua:  «oia  n'oeoţinţ'ac  goilt 

Knxic  Loitvge  com'oât  iKUŢ  jffnVi 
ifnni^  ocuţ«  "DO  oiţux^ţ'ec  Imled, 

octi|*  "Dâ  Id  a  'pof^Y^SfM^^  înnce 
•ooib:  "when  the  foreignen  of  Port 
Lairge  [Wateif ord]  and  of  Lnimnech 
[Limerick]  made  an  nnion,  and  plan- 
dered  Imleach  [Emly],  and  had  thehr 
câmp  there  two  days." 

a2 


84 


coţcToti  sae'otiel  ne  ţaUcnbti. 


TheDanes  jaiftoin,  octif  |io  muT)ai5  octif  ţio  loi^xî  LumiiGc  po  T)6, 
Limerick™  ^^^f  î^  itinaţib  Imafi  Lumnig  T)aţi  tnuifi  co  ţwibi  biicro- 
attemptthe  (x^ţi  ^a^«    o^tif  OCmloib  mac  CCmlaib;  ocur  no  ^l^1- 

conquest  of     - ,  v '  .,  - 

wJes,  but  allfOT;  jiip  OjieT^an  'oo  cofnum,  ocuf  ţio  TnaiiboD  rţia 
retum,       CCmlaib  la  (115  bţiecan,  ocuf  "oa  poet;  Imafi  ocuf  lonţef 
moţi  leif  T)Ofiifi,  cop  rab  ap  cuan  iap€apac  Lumniţ, 
[ocuf  ]  po  mapbcTD  leo  Oeolan  Lirill  ocup  a  mac.     [Ho 
aiucpeaB  ap  pin  ap  cuan  laprapac  Luimni§,  octip  T)o 
ponra  cpeaca  ocup  ipjala  tia-fea  ap. 
Math-   ^        LVII.  Ro  saB  imoppo  nflafigarfiain  pi^e  îTltiiţian  co 
wverei^ty  pop-^n^ii  pepp^a  pepomail,  octip  po  mapba*  piî;h  ocup 
of  Munster.  x;aoipi§,  rpeiT^ill  ociip  rpenmili'S  na  n^all  uile  ieip- 
Ro  T)aepaic  imoppo  a  maeip  ocup  a  pecraipe^a,  a  puaix;- 
pi§,  ocup  a  naiţipai§;  ocuppo  bai  p6  blia^na  hi  Iditifii^ 
Conspiracy  îTluiftan.    CiT)  rpa  aer;  ot;  conaipc  *OoTiT)aBdn  mac  Că- 
lăii p{  Ua  Pp'fe^Gînnce,  ocup  TTlaetmua'5  mac  bpxnn 
pi  'Oepiţiuiftan  an  popbaipr  ocup  an  pipBipeac  mop 
bai  pop  plairep  TTlcci^arftna,  ocup  T)ailcCaip  apcena, 
po  gatS  pîof,  ocup  popmar:  mop  iot),  ocup  ba  heccal  la 
Cloinn  Cuipc,  ocup  la  hOo^anacr:  apcena  in  plai^ep, 
ocup  in  popldrftup,  ocup  an  pi§i  vo  rocc  co  *OailcCaip, 
ocup  co  Clannaib  Lu|T)cich  atftail  boi  hi  ppîogaip  ocup 
hi  ppaipcine  '56iB.    Ro  iaipnpppioc  lapaih  naeiift  ocup 
pipeoin  goma^  la  cloinn  Copbmaic  Caip  an  plaiiep, 
ocup  in  pollatfinap  co  bpdrh,  arfiail  apbepr  an  cpetal, 
ocup  in  pai'5  ocup  in  pili  .1.  Colman  mac  ieinin : 


formed 
against 
hlm. 


Prophecy 
of  St  Col- 
man, son 
of  Lenin. 


Clann  Copbmaic  Caip,  co  niolap  nglonn 
51-6  leo  an  ţ:laicep  ptal, 
CCcc  qfviap,  co  zi  piann. 


1  Howtoer,    For  intoţiţio,  B.  reada» 

s  TheoL  The  text  of  D.  reqoireB 
thia  word,  bat  B.  snppliea  the  want 
by  reading,  xiopmtiisi'O  goitt  luim- 
ni^ţ  **alew  the  men  of  Limerick.'* 

^  Iniht  eatt:  i.e.,  in  Wales. 

«  They  aitea^Ud.  Thia  passage  is 
thns  giyen  in  B. :  ocup  cpiaUpacaii. 


TM^e  btiecrcoin  tx)  satxnt,  ocup  ■«> 
\itiatz  ^mha:fi  ocup  loitigep  m6|i 
teip  TK)  inTO-p  ooip  juy  gab  a|\ 
cuon  iaţ\caţva6  LtumtiiSt  ocup  tio 
Tnaţ\b(r6  teip  beoHcm  LiciM,  oci]|« 
a  mac :  **  and  they  attempted  to  coo- 
quer  the  kingdom  of  Britain  [Le., 
Walea] ;  and  Imar,  aocompanied  bj  m 
great  fleet,  arrired  agais,  and  entered 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


85 


gamhaiii,^  killed  and  slew  them* ;  and  he  bumed  Luim-  The  Danes 
nech  twice,  and  he  banished  Imar  of  Lnimnech  over  the  ^"ven^m 
sea,  80  that  he  was  a  year  in  the  east,'  and  Amlaibh,  son  attemptthe 
of  Amlaibh  ;  and  they  attempted*  the  conquest  of  the  ^T^'but 
kingdom  of  Britain;  and  Amlaibh,  in  the  meantime,  was  retom, 
killed  by  the  king  of  Britain ;  and  Imar,  accompanied  by  a  ^^'  ^^' 
great  fleet,  arrived  again  in  the  western  harbom*  of  Luim- 
nech,  and  Beolan  Littill  and  his  son  were  killed  by  them. 
[He  then*  fixed  his  residence  on  the  western  harbour  of 
Luimnech,  firom  whenoe  he  made  many  spoils  and  battles. 

LVII.  Mathgamhain  now  assnmed  the  sovereignty  of  ^*ţ^-.  , 
Mumhain  bravely,  valiantly,  and  manfully ;  and  the  king,  w>yereignty 
and  chiefs,  and  champions,  and  brave  soldiers  of  all  the  o^Munster. 
foreîgners  were  slain  by  him.    Their  stewards  and  bailiffs, 
toc,  and  their  billetted  soldiers  and  mercenaries  were  en- 
slaved  by  him ;   and  he  continued  six  years  in  the  full 
sovereignty  of  Mumhain.     When  Donnabhân,  however,  Coii«pi«cy 
son  of  Cathal,  king  of  Ui  Fidhgenti,  and  Maelmuadh,  J^^^. 
son  of  Bran,  king  of  Desmomhain,  saw  the  prosperity  and  ^^^ 
the  great  increase  that  followed  the  reign  of  Mathgamh- 
ain, and  of  the  Dai  Cais  in  like  manner,  great  fiiry  and 
envy  seized  them ;  and  the  Clann  Cuirc,  and  the  Eoghan- 
acht  also  became  alarmed  at  the  snpremacy  and  the  go- 
vemment  and  the  sovereignty  having  passed  to  the  Dai 
Cais,  and  to  the  Clann  Lughdach,  as  was  foretold  and 
prophesied  for  them.    Yerily  saints  and  righteous  men 
had  prophesied,  that  to  the  race  of  Cormac  Cas  should 
belong  the  supremacy  and  the  govemment  for  ever,  as 
was  said  by  the  religious,  the  prophet,  and  poet,  viz.,  Prophecy 
Colman,  son  of  Lenin : 


of  St  Col- 
man, son 
of  Lenln. 


The  Clann  of  Cormac  Cas,  of  many  deeds, 
To  them  shall  belong  the  noble  sovereignty, 
Except  three,  imtil  Elann  oomes. 


the  western  harbour  of  Lnimnedi,  and 
BeoUan  litill  and  his  son  vere  killed 
b7  him." 


'^ffethen,  From  these  words  to  line 
5,  eh.  IzL  p^  92,  Mţ/ro,  a  defect,  ocea- 
sioned  hy  the  loss  of  some  leaves  in 


86 


coţcroti  ţae'otiel  ne  sallccibti. 


Madmii- 
adh*8caU 
tobattle. 


.1.  ptann  Cirach  a  "Otiyilxif,  T:icpa  ţie  byitiinTie  bţicrcha. 
ba  heccal  rţia  la  hua  Caiţipţie  plai€ef  "OalcCaif  ixxţi 
poţibaifiTJ,  aţi  peţiann  cloinne  Coţibmaic  puii  puiriB  .1. 
Caille  Coţibtnaic  6  hOclan  50  Luimneac,  octif  6  Ctiaih- 
foill  50  Ltia^aiţi.  If  aţi  na  pacaiBţ^ti  qia  ţio  ţitii'5|ntiiîi 
fin. 

LVIIL  1)0  ţionţxrc  aon  coBlac  ÎTlaelnitiafi  mac  bjiain, 
ocup  'Oon'oaBdn  mac  CaCail,  ocup  liftaţi  Luimnig,  ocup 
"DuiBsenn,  ocup  ţio  lomţKxi'BpiOTJ  aţi  TTlaisaiţiain;  ocup 
ip  aiţie  pin  'oo  ţiînne  ÎTIaelmua*  an  laoi'bţ^  ace  nom- 
pucca6  an  £oblai§ : 

T^onoilceţi  piţi  TTltiThan  lib, 

CC  laocţiai'6  Uamiiaţi  Ltiimriig, 

Tx)iţia'6  ptmn,  aţi  baţi  no^hai*, 

Co  T)ţitiim  ntiţiaţiT)  nOogabail. 
Tx)ccbaig  cuccainn  late  baţi  zxţieb 

lixiţi  gallaib  ip  5aoi'6ealaib, 

Co  ccuiţiem  *OalcCaip  na  ccell 

CC  hiacaib  dna  Cţienn. 
ConiaţiT)cr&  pobţiaiT)  na  pip, 

Rmmpa  ip  ţie  laocţiai'o  Ltiimnig, 

TI1  ţabaiTX  iiaim  o^ţuro, 

biT)  aicţiec  le6  accoThaţiT)aDh. 
CCp  ni6ţi  an  monaţi  pobţiaiT), 

01*6  aicfiec  le6  an  cţiiaH  ix)ccbairc 

51*6  m6ţi  a  nţţieDon  ip  a  nţldţi, 

te6  bi-D  aiqfiec  a  cctondl. 


^^^«T  LIX  Ocup  ţio  peall  'Don'oaBdn  mac  Ca€ail  (m  tnoC- 
bhâi^^f  gaifiain  ina  m^h  pein,  map  t)0  puţidil  Imap  tuimnig 
CathaL      p^^  ^^^^  ^^  Cionnlaic  -00  Tnaolmua*  mac  bţiain  6, 


D.,  haa  been  sapplied  from  B.  The 
more  modem  orthognphj  wîll  be  ap- 
parent  to  the  Iriih  reader. 

iBeamaethe^:  8c,  the  Ui  Cairpie, 
of  frhom  Donnabhin  or  Doaovan  was 
the  ehieftain. 


*  Tke  mm :  i.e^  the  men  of  the  Dai 
Cais;  Mathgamhain  and  his  foQow- 
en. 

>  Auemblmg,  The  reader  will  ob- 
serve that  this  poem  begins  with  the 
▼erb  uionoitceţi,  and  ends  with  the 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


87 


Le.,  Flann  Cithach  firom  Durlus,  who  will  appear  imme- 
diately  before  the  day  of  judgment.  The  Ui  Cairpre, 
however,  became  alanned  at  the  increase  of  the  sovereignty 
of  the  Dai  Cais,  because  they^  were  in  occupation  of  the 
territory  of  the  race  of  Cormac,  to  wit,  Caille  Cormaic^ 
from  Odan  to  Ltiimnech,  and  from  Cnam-coill  to  Luachair. 
It  was  for  these  causes  therefore  they  felt  so. 

LYIII.  Then  Maelmnadh,  son  of  Bran,  and  Donnabhăn, 
son  of  Cathal,  and  Imar  of  Luinmech,  and  Dnibhgenn, 
tinited  into  one  host,  and  revolted  against  Mathgamhain ; 
and  it  was  on  that  occasion  Maehnuadh  made  this  poem  Maelmu- 
when  collecting  the  host :  t^tS? 

Let  the  men  of  Mamhaîn  be  asaembled  by  jou, 

O  heroes  of  populous  Loimnech ! 

Come  forward  now  right  a  head 

To  the  very  high  hill  of  Eoghabhaîl. 
Raise  around  us  the  people  of  jour  households, 

Both  GaiU  and  Gaedhil, 

IJntîl  we  drive  the  Dai  Cais  of  the  churches 

From  the  noble  lands  of  Erinn. 
The  men^  attempt  coropetition 

With  me  and  with  the  heroes  of  Luimnech, 

They  will  yield  me  no  reverence, 

They  shall  repent  their  competitîon. 
Great  is  the  work  they  attempt ; 

They  shall  repent  the  effort  they  make, 

Though  great  their  uproar  and  their  noise, 

They  shidl  repent  their  assembling'. 

LIX.  And   Donnabh&n,   son  of  Cathal,   in  his   ownT'^chcrjr 
honse,  betrayed  Mathgamhain,  having  been  instigated  bhan^icmo 
to  it  by  Imar  of  Luinmech ;  and  he  delivered  him  to  c»th*L 
Maelmnadh,  son  of  Bran,  and  to  Imar,  in  violation  of  ^ 


nonn  cionoit ;  Uras  fulfiUing  the  law 
of  Iriah  poetiy,  which  reqnires  a  bardic 
Gompoâtioii  of  this  sort  to  begin  and 
end  with  the  same  word  It  is  proba- 
ble  that  the  poems  here  inserted  were 
not  to  be  f  oiind  in  the  older  MS.  D. 


*In  violation  of:  te.,  in  sacrilegions 
opposition  to  the  wishee  and  influence 
of  the  saints  and  dergy.  The  word 
ţxifiagoro  is  ahrays  nsed  in  the  sense 
of  a  mcrileffioui  TÎolation  of  some  sa- 
cred  place,  thîng,  compact,  &c 


88 


coscToti  scce'otiel  ne  sallccibt). 


Marder  of 
Math- 
gamhain, 
at  the  in- 
stigation 
of  Biad- 
muadh, 
A.D.  976. 


Brianta 
lament 


ocuf  7)0  Ithafi,  rayi  faţiucco^  naetfi  ocuf  n^uite  Tnurficni 
uile.  1f  î  cottiaifile  vo  ţioncrfe  ann,  7)0  nonnlaice'b  6 
"OonnaBdn  TTlarsatftain  •ootnhaolTnticrb  mac  bfiain  ocup 
vo  gallaiB,  ocuf  f6  aţi  cotnaiţice  Coluim  mic  Ciaţiosdin 
corhafiba  bai|iţii  afi  nd  mafiBca,  ocuf  aţi  ud  'oallixi  6. 
*Oo  jiuaccocaii  i^wa  mtiiTinui|i  coihaţiba  baiţiţii,  octif 
muinnn|i  Tlflaolmtia'5  in  a|ai'5  Tlfla^arfina  co  Cnoc 
an  îieBţiai'5  aţi  rleiB  [Caein],  octif  ţio  bai  Tllaolmticr5 
ocuf  coTîiaţiba  Oaiţiţii  oc  Rairin  moiţi  hi  ppeaţiaibh 
1Tlui§i.  Ho  a£ain  imoţiţio  Tlflaolmua'5  'oa  ititiinuifi  an 
can  no  ţiogcrb  T1fla£^aiff)ain  na  laiîîi,  a  maţibcrb  po  6ecr 
T;oiţi.  Cxi)  qia  aer;  ţio  maţiboB  Tllacsaîîiain  05  ÎTlael- 
muat,  ocuf  ba  peţiţi  t)6  nd  "oeţina*,  oiţi  ba  gniorh  T)0ccnţi 
mdiţi  7)6  6. 

Octif  ţiainicc  pifţ^  «n  ţxîceoil  fin  co  bţiîan  ocuf  co 
"DalcCkxif,  ocuf  t)0  Bcrcaţi  aga  a  came  co  mdţi.  Ocuf 
a  'Dtibaiţic  t)ţiian  an  maţiBna  Beccţx)  ann  : 

Odf  tnot^amna  af  "ooiliţ  lem, 

CCiţiT)ţii  Caifil  na  cceimenn, 

CC  ctJinm — Of  mâţi  cm  gnlcTh, 

ÎTliina  ccuire*  le  haiţiT)ţii$. 
T^itiog  lem  na6  hi  ccau  no  hi  cdeit 

X)o  ţ:4ccba*  6,  aţi  fccdc  aţx;ceic, 

^tiil  DO  beţia6  caob  •oabai'6 

Le  t)ţio6bţieirfţi  nX)onnabdin. 
*Oo  tia6laic  *Oonnabdn  -conn 

îTlacgaihain  ba  cţitiat'6  cothlann, 

X)o  TTlaolmtiaia  ba  bece  abla6, 

CCiţiDţii  Caifil  T)0  maţtboDh. 
*Oo  înhaolmticrt  nfţi  piîoîh  c6iţi 

CC  thaţibcrt  an  ţiij  ţio  m6iţi, 

CC  mille6  leif  ţio  ba  lainT), 

Hî  ţiaâo*  leif  va  pţreDamn. 


1  Comikmia  of  Bani:  ie.,  bishop 
of  Coric  CaaiĂairba  ngnifles  a  buc- 
ceaior  ia  anj  epiacopal  or  abbatial 


See.  AU  bishops  of  Cork  are  termed 
Comharbij  or  Bucceason  of  Bairi,  the 
foander  of   the  See  of  Cork    (7th 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


89 


the  saints  and  clergy  of  all  Mumhain.     This  was  the 
counael  that  was  acted  on  tkere :   Mathgamhain  was  Mnrder  of 
deUvered  up  by  Donnabhân  to  Ma^lmuadh,  son  of  Bran,  ^^^^^ 
and  to  the  foreigners,  although  he  was  under  the  protec-  aţ  the  in- 
tion  of  Columb,  son  of  Cîaragân,  Comharba  of  Bani/  'f  Mad- 
that  he  shonld  not  be  kiUed  or  blinded     The  people  of  m«*dh, 
the  Comharba  of  Barri,  and  the  people  of  Maeknuadh 
came  to  meet  Mathgamhain  to  Cnoc-an-Rebhraidh  on 
Sliabh  [Caein]  ;  and  Maelmuadh  and  the  Comharba  of 
Barri  were  at  Raithin  m6r,  in  Fir  Muighi.     But  Mael- 
muadh instructed  his  people,  when  Mathgamhain  should 
come  into  their  hands,  to  kill  him  forthwith.     Math- 
gamhain, therefore,  was  killed  by  Maelmuadh ;  and  it 
would  have  been  better  for  him  that  he  had  not  done  so, 
for  it  proved  to  be  a  deed  of  great  ruin  to  him. 

And  the  knowledge  of  this  fact  reached  Brian  and  the 
Dai  Cais,  and  they  greatly  lamented  him  ;  and  Brian  Brian*8 
uttered  this  short  elegy  on  the  oceasion :  lamcnt 

The  death  of  Mathgamhain  to  me  is  grievous, 

The  high  king  of  Caisei  the  renowned^ ; 

His  fall — great  the  deed, — 

Unless  he  had  fallen  bj  a  high  king. 
Woe  is  me  I  that  it  was  not  in  battle  or  combat 

He  was  left  dead^  under  cover  of  his  shield, 

Before  he  had  trusted  în  friendship 

To  the  treacherous  word  of  Donnabhân. 
Donnabhân,  the  brown-haired,  delivered  up 

Mathgamhain  of  brave  combat 

To  Maehnuadh ;  small  was  the  renown, 

The  high  king  of  Caisei  to  murder. 
For  Maelmuadh  it  was  no  rîghteous  deed 

To  murder  the  verj  great  king ; 

To  destroy  him  was  his  delight ; 

He  shall  not  escape  yengeance,  if  I  can. 


cent)     YFare,  Biahopt  (ed.  Hairis)  p. 
£56. 
•  BeiwumecL      Ut    "Caisei  (le., 


Cashel,)  of  the  degrees;"  ceim  (phtr. 
ceimenn,)  is  a  step,  a  degree  of  rank 
or  nobility. 


90 


coţcToti  scce'otiel  ne  sccllccibti. 


Sece  Tncrtma  Tn6ţva  oţi  5«^>^i^ 

T)o  bţvif  50  mait  TTlacgaThaifi, 

tn  01*610  OCine,  cfitiai'd  a  1010*06, 

TTlai'DTn  in  laij  1  T:T4iacqiaige. 
îTlai^m  1TI  îna6ai|ie  bui-be 

CC|i  fltiog  an  "od  "oeag  '6iJine, 

Ro  tiomaiţvcc  ocuf  no  meorb, 

Co  |U)  loifcc  ofi|ia  Oaimneacb. 
îTlebai-b  mo  c|ioit)ep  ac  d'6 

îTltina  "dloglaiifa  an  cai|iT)|iiJ; 

*Oo  S^ljfa  mofoij  ţan  cldf , 

Ho  T)o  gebafon  T)ian  bdf. 

baa 

Date  and        LX.  Do  mafibcT^  Tîlacsaîţiain  mac  Ceinneiixi§  le 

Bta^of   *Oonna15dn  n>ac  Ccrcail,  ocuf  le  TTlaolniuaft  mac  b|vain 

J[^\  ,    aAlai'B  ftn.    fJaoi  mblia^na  va\i  6if  cota  8ulcoiî>e 

nmrder,      fin,  ocuf  an  cfief  blia^ain  .x.  aţi  n6cc  *Oonnchai'5  mic 

A.D.  976.  cellacam  ţiî  Caifil,  octif  in  rx>^x^a^  blia*ain  fefccai; 

afi  mafiba^  Coţibmaic  mic  Cuilenndin,  ocuf  an  pchex:- 

rfioB  blia^ain  afi  maţiba'5  Congalaig  mic  TTlaoilmiii^ 

|iî  'Ceift|iac,  ocuf  an  ce€|iaTha*  blia^ain  fi6  cca€  'Cerfi- 

|iac  fin. 

CCn  zan  cţia  ac  connaiţic  T11a€gaiftain  an  cloi7>eatti 
no&c  £tiicce  'oa  Bualo*,  if  amlai'5  ţi  o  bai,  ocuf  foifcceLa 
Goipcito    baiffi  aigi  cqfia  ticc  oca  comaifce,  t)0  '5iu15faic  uţi^ofi 
thedeigy.  ^^  ^^  ^^^  muinciţie  Coltiim  mic  Ciafiagain,  aţi  -odig  na 

ţiîfe'5  an  f uil  6,  co  iTcaţila  an  foifccel  in  ucz  T^faccoiţw; 
vo  muinnciţi  Coluim  mic  Ciaţiogdin.  poiţicclic  an  Lucc 
af  eola£  ann  co  puii  uţicoţi  foi^^oe  ann  6n  cnoc  co 
ţioile. 

CCc  connaiţic  imoţiţio  ÎTlaolmua^  cai'Ble  an  cloi'oeam 
nocc  ag  buaUrB  tnargaifina,  ocuf  e*  ţur5aiţic  eTX>ţiţia» 
t:icc  ai€ne  paiţi,  ocuf  ţio  eiţiig  aţifin,  octif  ţio  gabcr5  a 

Madmii-    eic  v6  vo  imtecc.   pajipai'bif  an  cl6iţie£  c%  vo  '5âna6 ; 

adhsunnt  ^j^^^^^  Tllaolmua*,  iefaig  an  peţi  urc  -oa  zjA  Sticccn^ 


Math- 

gamhain 

throwsthe 


1  7^  1.0^  .-seep.  88,  line  23.  But 
the  MS.  gives  alio  the  reading,  mcn^m 


Rilcn^  "adefeat  at  Rilach,' 
plaoe  ifl  not  known  to  the  editor. 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAJLL. 


91 


Seren  great  defeats  to  the  Gaîll 

MathgamhaiD  gave  well ; 

The  defeat  at  Aine — hj  tbe  hardness  of  his  lance — 

The  defeat  at  the  Laigh^  in  Tratraighe ; 
The  defeat  of  Machaire  Baidhe 

Over  the  armj  of  the  two  brave  men : 

Thej  assembled  [their  troops]  but  failed, 

For  he  bnmed  Luîmnech  over  them. 
Mj  heart  will  burat,  I  f eel, 

If  I  avenge  not  the  high  king; 

I  shall  receîve  my  death  without  flinching, 

Or  he'  shall  receive  a  sudden  deatlh 

The  Death 

LX.  Mathgamhain,  son  of  Cennedigh,  was  killed  by  ^**«  *»* 
Donnobh&Q,  son  of  Cathal,  and  by  Maelmuadh,  son  ofstancesof 
Bran,  în  this  manner.    This  was  nine  years  after  the  ^J*^V, 
battle  of  Sulcoit,  and  the  thirteenth  year  ailer  the  death  muder, 
of  Donnchadh,  son  of  Ceallachan,  king  of  Caisei,  and  the  ^^'  ^^^ 
sixty-eighth  year  afler  the  killing  of  Cormac,  son  of  Cuil- 
lennân,  and  the  twentieth  year  after  the  killing  of  Conga- 
lach,  son  of  Maelmithigh,  king  of  Temhair,  and  that  was 
the  fonrth  year  before  the  battle  of  Temhair. 

And  now,  when  Mathgamhain  saw  the  naked  sword^ath- 
about  to  strike  him,  having  the  Qospel  of  Barri  on  his  ^ws  the 
breast  to  protect  him,  he  threw  it  towards  the  people  of  ^^*  ^ 
Columb,  son  of  Ciarag&n,  with  the  intent  that  tîe  blood 
should  not  touch  it,  and  the  Gospel  fell  into  the  breast  of 
a  priest  of  the  people  of  Columb,  son  of  Ciarag&n.     It  îs 
declared  by  those  who  are  acqnaînted  with  the  place  that 
the  hiUs  are  the  full  flight  of  an  arrow  asunder. 

Maelmuadh,  however,  saw  the  flashing  of  the  naked 
sword  striking  Mathgamhain,  although  they  were  as  far 
asunder  as  the  eye  could  see ;  and  he  knew  it,  and  arose 
then,  and  his  horses  were  yoked  for  him  to  depart    The  Haelnra- 
derk  asked  him  what  he  was  to  do ;  Maelmuadh  answered,  •^'"  *•""*• 
"  Cure  yonder  man'  if  he  should  come  to  thee." 


*Orke:  i.e.,  Mielmnadh,  cit  MoUoy. 
>  Ttmder  num.    Meaning  Mathgam' 


haixL    This  was, 
irony  and  iiuult 


of  coune,  uid  in 


92 


coscxroti  scce-otiel  ne  ţallccibti. 


^^  b  liTfi^ST  tnccolmua'o  «airiB,  ociif  uicc  an  cleţiec  aiCne 

theciergy,  paip.    "Peţiccai^ceţi  e,  ocuf  eafccaîni'5  ^50  T)io£îia  TTlaol- 

*rohec  ^"^['S-     If  c[î^ilc[i'&   ţ^o   btti   o^   T)enani   na  paifcme, 

utteredof  ocuf  6  acc  Gttyxîcaîne  îTlaolmua^,  conebefir: 

hLs  death. 

1f  CCeT)h  fiore  Tnui|iţ?i,  Ţexi  itniU  CCipt, 
Ra  cnaiT)  na  Sfiâine,  la  qitiai'b  na  ^airhe. 
In  gnîoTh  "00  fionaif  bi'6  vwc  a  m6la, 
In  nî  mo  nT)e|inaif  nî  ru  |iof  mela, 
biTâ  btidn  a  'oocaţi  raerbfoc  vo  maicne, 

gai'dpic  -00  fc^la,  bi-o  "caeiux  caicme, 
ii)  laeg  bo  baiDi  raerhaif  T)0  aenT>ail. 
Ml  ru  fiof  mai-oţre,  ţioD  niaifiţ^  CCeToan. 

18  ae-oti. 


Fuifiiment      LXI.  Ocuf  |io  cotftaille'5  qia  an  paifi^me  fin  amail 

dktion.'^'^î^  €ai|in5iîi  in  cleţiec,  "0015  if  6  CCoh  mac  56^6"^<^i5 
•oon  tDeifi  Bice  fio  iftaţitS  Tflaolmua'D  aj  CCrh  bealai^ 
Lecra,  ap.  na  pagbail  1  mbordn  peţina,  do  aţi  mbţieii 
a  fiii  ua^  rfe  efccaîne  an  cleţiig,  do  §«1*5,  umofiţio] 
in  comDi  comdD  ima^uf  allecra  iman  cnoc.  *0a 
comailleD  in  nifin  pof,  Daig  ifanD  ica  lecr  Tllach- 
^aiftna  allanef  do  cnuc,  ocuf  leSr;  T1flailniu(r&  alla- 
itiaiD,  ocuf  ni  €aicnenD  ^ţiian  paifi  co  bţiafi,  athail  fio 
TheGospci^î^o^  1^  cleţieac,  ocuf  in  cţieDal.  T)o  loxjaţi  in  Da 
reatoŢedto  fccgafii:  laffin  co  Colum,  ocuf  înnifiT;  do,  octif  do 

the  biahop.  .  *  *>         ^  ^  ±.  « 

befiait;  in  fOfcela  ina  ucr.    1f  amlaiD  Dabi  in  fOfcela, 
ocuf  bfiaensal  pola  Tificrchsaiftna  paif,  ocuf  caiif  in 

ThecicrVs  cleţiec  cfieDal  co  Dicfia,  ocuf  DO  fi^ni  in  caipcecal 

thei^     foBacra  anD,  ocuf  afbeţic  in  laiD  f ea  : 

finea  for  the 

marder.        . 


^  One  metting:  Le.,  one  encounter  or 
hostile  rneeting. 

s  Alder  hut:  i  &,  a  hut  boUt  of  the 
alder  tree. 

s  The  Lord.  Here  we  retum  to  the 
text  of  D.,  and,  as  the  reader  will  ob- 
serve,  to  themore  ancientorthographj. 


B.  omits  111  coTnT>i,  **the  Lord,"  and 
readfl,  gomcro  imfoccuf  [imoj^if, 
D.,  omitting  the  aapirated  p,]  a  httz 
mon  ccnoc;  adifferenceof  spdlîngonly. 

^  South  tide.  GCltcmef  [foraUaii- 
•oef ],  D.    Oatcxtof,  B. 

'  The   iwo  priuU»    B.  nada,  tm> 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


93 


Maelmuadh  went  from  them,  aud  the  clerk  recoffnîsed  ^^  ^ 

him.  and  became  angered,  and  fervently  cumd  Ma^lmuaxlh ;  îr^eS 
and  uttered  a  prophecy  thns,  while  he  was  cursiiii;  Mael-  *°^  f 

muadh,  and  said :  uttered  of 

hisdeath. 

It  is  Aedh  that  shall  kill  thee,  a  man  from  the  bordcr  of  Aifi, 
On  the  north  of  the  sun,  with  the  harshness  of  the  wînd; 
The  deed  thou  hast  done  shall  be  to  thee  a  regret, 
That  for  which  thou  hast  done  it,  thou  shalt  not  enjoj. 
Perpetuai  shall  be  îts  misfortune,  thj  posteritj  shall  pass  away, 
Thj  history  shall  be  forgotten,  thj  tribe  shall  be  in  bondage, 
The  calf  of  a  pet  cow  shall  overthrow  thee  at  one  meeting* ; 
Thou  shalt  not  conquer  it — Aedhan  shall  slay  thee. 

Ît  is  Aedh. 


LXI.  And  this  prediction,  bjs  it  was  foretold  by  the  Fuifiiment 
clerk,  was  fulfilled ;  for  ît  was  Aedh,  the  son  of  Gebennach  ^cSm.^"" 
of  the  Deisi-Beg,  that  slew  Maelmuadh  at  the  ford  of  Belach 
Lechta,  having  found  him  in  an  alder  hut,"  afber  being 
deprived  of  his  eyes  through  the  curse  of  the  derk,  who 
had  also  prayed]  the  Lord^  that  his  grave  shculd  be 
near  that  hill.    That  was  likewise  verified ;  for  Mathgam- 
hain's  grave  is  on  the  south  side^  of  the  hill,  and  Mael- 
muadh s  grave  on  the  north  side,  and  the  sun  never  shines 
on  it,  as  the  clerk,  the  religious,  had  foretold    The  two  The  Gospei 
priests*  then  went  to  Columb,  and  they  told  him,  and  they  SfbiAo^ 
placed  the  Gospei  in  his  breast.    And  so  the  Gospei  waâ, 
and  the  blood  of  Mathgamhain  was  sprinkled  on  it;  and 
the  religious®  clerk  wept  bitterly,  and  he  composed  there  The  clerk'* 
a  prophetic  prediction,  and  uttered  this  poem :  the^kgai 

fineeforthe 
murder. 


cuoccam  in)op,fvo  na  ixxocoiţvc  ocţi 
pn  co  Coltim  mac  Ciatiagdhn,  oc!i|* 
mni-pc  jyd  tno^atticnn  T)0  maţi- 
W6 :  **  The  priests  went  al ter  this  to 
Colnmb,  ton  of  Cuuigan,  and  told  him 
that  Mathgamhain  was  killed.** 


•ReKgioua,  Or  "faithful,"  "b«- 
lieriog."*  B.  leada,  ocaţ*  dif  an 
cl6fiec  ac  coiţvccecat  na  ţaiţ*cine, 
coniT)  ann  acbeftc :  '*  and  the  cleric 
wept  whilflt  compodng  the  prophecy, 
and  then  he  eaid.'* 


94 


coscxroti  sae'otieL  ne  ţallccibti. 


beţi'oaii  mv  q[iî  ctimala 

Icip.  bec  [if]  Tn6fi 

Ungi  Daţigui;  pinT>ţiiint 

Oo  ocTif  ungi  T)6ţi. 
Ctiic  1T1  c6c  -piyi  caţimaimi, 

Ungi  'Daţigtic  51I, 

Wticu  ctinig  Tiî  afîTio, 

"Ml  heccail  Da  a  6n. 
Ctiii:  in  "oe^ţ^ip,  canaift, 

"Mticti  bei|i  adc  bo, 

biaiT)  TK)  mec  a  ţ^figi 

T)ti  cuTiig  006. 
Uîip  "Don  6p,  ofilafiiac 

Cuie  in  qfvef  pi|i, 

OefiiT)  anT)  anaba|i, 

•OI151T)  am>  arbeti. 

ben. 

^^rieiL"  gallu  anlafimumain.    Ro  b|iif,  am,  in  lae£  fin  ce€|xi 
ca£a  poţiiu,  coni-o  aţi  fin  fo  £an  TTlac  Liac  : 

Ocuf  na  ceqfxi  caca 
poţi  gaUcnb  ţlînni  *Oaca 
Ro  bfiif  Tllacti^aThain  mec  ngal 
'CtiaiT)  1  calaig  T^tiaT)mtiman. 


1  aii}iJUi&  "  Cunlua^  is  a  Breh6n 
Uw  tenn,  aignitying  a  fine  orforfeit 
of  three  cowb  ;  but  the  word  is  lued 
generally  for  kdj  fine,  without  refer- 
ence  to  the  value.  B.  reads,  beţi'oaii 
na  cţii  cuThaUC}  "let  the  three  cmn- 
hab  be  paid." 

•  GreaL  The  readingof  B.  if  ni6ţi, 
"  and  g^reat,**  which  seemB  necessaiy  to 
the  senae,  haa  been  adopted,  within 
brackets  in  the  text 

^Fmirmi:  eee  abore,  p^  50.  Thli 
word  i«  very  difficnlt,  and  îs  left  nn- 
tranelated.  It  aeems  to  mean  here 
hriffkt^  $humff:  pU  in  the  nextttanza, 
being  eridently  given  as  its  eqnivaleQt 


<  J^(B  demandt.  Ctini]ţ  here  and  in 
the  last  line  of  the  next  qoatrain  is  for 
ci]iiT>ig}  ("asks,*"  '^demandsi")  omit- 
ting,  as  usiial  in  this  MS.,  the  edipaed 
or  assimilated  medial  letter.  B.  reada 
here,  "gin  50  cctunni^  and  in  the 
next  place  (line  12  of  the  poem),  00 
ccninnig  a  "Dâ,  a  mere  diiference  of 
spelling. 

fi  GUUer.  lit,  "  of  the  golden 
flame  ;'*  oiţiloiţ>:i,  B. 

«  Share.  Cuin-oig,  B.,  "  lUbQity :" 
which  is  wrong.  The  last  two  Unea 
are  given  thns  in  B : 

beţirâ  muţi  ţiof  beţi 
'Ol^gi'o  niiiţi  ţiOf  T>ligh. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  OAILL. 


95 


Let  three  cumhals'  be  paid  for  it, 

Both  small  and  great^ ; 

An  oonce  of  silver  Findnmi,' 

A  oow,  and  an  oance  of  gpld. 
The  sliare  of  the  first  man  whom  we  Iove, 

An  oance  of  white  sOver, 

He  demands^  no  more, 

He  need  not  fear  for  its  guilt. 
The  flhare  of  the  seoond  good  man, 

He  shall  take  bat  a  oow, 

Great  will  be  his  anger, 

He  demands  two. 
An  oance  of  gold,  of  golden  glitter', 

îs  the  share^  of  the  third  man ; 

He  takes  what  I  saj, 

He  ifl  entiUed  to  what  he  takes. 

Lbt  bb  faid. 

This  was,  îndeed,  a  great  event^ ;  for  it  was  he  who  Math- 
first  swept  the  foreigners  out  of  lar-Muinhain ;  and  more-  fJ^J^* 
over,  this  hero  had  gained  four  battles  ovar  them,  of  whîch 
Mac  Idacsang: 

And  the  foor  battles 

Over  the  foreigners  of  Glenn  Datha 

Mathgamhain  gaîned — agreat  valoar,— 

On  the  north,  in  the  hills  of  Taadh-Momhain. 


Bot  this  leading  wonld  violate  the  law 
of  Irâh  poetiy  alladed  to  above,  p. 
8^  note  3.    Perfaape  beţi  and  'otigh 
ahonld  be  tranapoeed,  and  then  thes^ 
two  linee  may  be  rendered — 
«Pay  for  him  vhAt  is  lavfU. 
WhAt  is  Ukwitel  is  what  I  sUte:" 
Bot  the  reading  in  the  text  ia  more 
cornet. 

7  EvtHt  B.  giveB  this  danse,  with 
aome  variationa,  thos :  ba  Tn6fi  Cfia 
in  ţa|*cine  Ţxti  ocoţ  ba  m6\i  in 
fH»i)  "ooiţ  iţ*6  an  Tna6sonb<i*^  P^ 
po  jx^ioţ*  soitl  a  TDuifionn  oţv 
v6ţ,  orbaii  ţu>  coin  ITlac  Liog» 


OtnŢ  na  cettţie  oota 
CCtv  galloib  ^înne  "Data: 

"  Great  was  this  prophecjTţ  and  great 
the  event ;  for  it  was  this  Ifiathgamhaln 
who  ifirst  swepl  the  foreigners  ont  of 
Munster,  as  Mac  Liag  sang : 

▲ad  the  JRrar  battlas 

Orer  th«  foraignen  of  Oleiin  Datha," 

omitting  the  other  two  lines  given  in 
the  text;  wliich,  howeyer,  are  neces- 
saiy  to  complete  the  sense.  llie  poem 
which  f oIlowB,  within  brackets,  chap. 
IxiL,  ending  on  page  101,  is  fonnd 
ooljin  B. 


96 


coscroti  ţae'otiel  tie  scclLccibti. 


The  bllnd 

bard*s 

clegy. 


LXII.  [Coni'5   ann  t>o    Tiînne  'oall   Tndrgatîina    in 

CCffo  cmiu  an  Titia|i  ^difipiil  T5fieT)nai§ 

gail  a  ccî|i  O  cX!x)i|i^ealbai§, 
mii),  if  nî  sâifi  ^on  7)0111110 

(X|i  îi-oit  cm  mâil  ÎDacscmina. 
Tîlac^aTham  î  ininT)  mtiige  fdil, 

TTlac  CitineiTXij  triic  Loţicdtn, 

ba  Idti  lafitaft  •ootnain  t)6, 

T)o  |iî  bfiucmaii  Oo|ioin*ie. 
TîlatgaThain !  fniaoac  ar\  ^eiti, 

îTlac  cuftara  CttineiTrrig, 

■Suaiţic  •DOTi  |tî§  'DOTi  ftoipie  an  bet>5, 

501II  "DO  tiocap,  na  n'Doibe*^. 
11  oca  caiimenT)  aţi  T)halccaif 

Laec  ma|i  laec  Cuimnig  lînnglaif, 

Tîltina  petica  yxyfi  an  jiig, 

CC|i  'oaefcaifiecTJ  no  ap,  •Dinibp.15. 
•Oa  Txt35  ^alJaifi  npii|iin  -Don  ^îiaij 

•Oo  Bl  a^  r^oD^  mac  înail6ellai§, 

*Oafi  lint)  ni  110506  o  cU 

gombeit  Oft  CpinT)  'ooân  |ii§. 
Cit)  ţx)  ceţVDinoif  nî  7)4, 

Lârn  7)0  cuţi  fie  ţxnfnne, 

fio  eipij  letfiUTh  |vâ  lâ 

tlgria  5060  horiecco. 
CC  CCilbe  Imlis  din, 

Ocuf  a  7)eocain  Heofâin, 

bi'D  nioit  7)îl  TîlocsaThno  7)6, 

"Do  ctiţi  oţi  bop,  ccomoificce. 
O  7)0  7)echai'6,  |t6ini  co  |vac, 

50  *Oijn  5«ip  ^onţxr&ac, 

Wocoţi  fecmoi-b  bfiion  pe  bdi-d 

T)a  tx)ifc  1  ixec  n*Oonnabdin. 


1  i^NiJ  Uhdoff.  The  metre  of  this 
flnt  line  Ib  wrong.  Perhape  we  ahonld 
fead,  aţvT)  oniti  an  gdiţi  g^eronon J, 
or  CCtvT)  ocnia  ^ditv^uil  stieoncag, 


*^Load  to-dAj  a  damoroiis  dumi  of 
woe;*'  the  other  words  being  mere  ex- 
pletivee,  which  were  perfaaps  origin- 
ally  intended  as  a  gloas.     CCnnuafi 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  QAILL.  97 

LXII.  [And  it  was  on  that  occasion  that  Mathgam-Theblînd 
faain's  blind  bard  made  this  elegy :  elegy. 

Lond  to-day^  the  piercing  wail  of  woe 

Throughoat  the  land  of  Ui  To^dhelbhaigh ; 

It  shall  be — and  it  is  a  wail  not  without  cause, 

For  the  loes  of  the  hero  Mathgamhain. 
Mathgamhain !  the  gem  of  Magh  Făil, 

Son  of  Cennedigh,  son  of  Lorcan, 

The  western  world  was  foii  of  his  fame — 

The  fiery  king  of  Boromha. 
Mathgamhain  I  noble  the  ofispring ! 

Heroic  son  of  Cennedigh! 

Delightful  to  the  king  was  the  shock  he  cansed. 

In  banishing  the  foreigners  for  theîr  misdeeds. 
Never  appeared  amongst  the  Dai  Cais, 

A  hero  like  the  hero  of  Luimnech,  of  the  greea  pool, 

Had  not  the  king  met  treacherj, 

From  baseness  or  from  weakness. 
When  he  carried  oft  a  black  steed  of  the  stud, 

Whieh  belonged  to  Tadhg,  son  of  Maeloellaighy 

We  thought  that  he  would  not  have  left  his  body 

TJntil  he  had  become  sole  king  of  £rinn. 
Whj  shonld  we  cast  awaj  anj  of  it, 

To  raise  oor  hand  against  prophecj ; 

Bj  him  were  gained  in  his  ă&j 

The  battles  of  erery  engagement. 
O  Ailbhe  I  of  noble  Imleach, 

And,  O  thou  deacon  Neasan— 

Good  was  Mathgamhain's  f  ate  in  this 

That  he  was  put  under  your  protection. 
When  he  went  in  his  prosperons  career 

To  Ddn  Gaifi  the  wound-giving, 

It  was  not  in  friendship  he  shunned  Brian, 

Bj  going  to  the  house  of  Donnabhân, 


ifl  probably  for  ccn  p](n|Vt  "  the  shoat,'' 
or  ^*  the  Boand  \"  which  is  expletive  and 
nxmeoeBsaiy ;  but  if  the  word  onnuaTi 


(for  an  pucnţi)  be  retafaied,  the  line 
may  be  literaDy  rendered,  **  Lond  to- 
day,  thesoundof  clamorouswoe-shout.** 

H 


98 


coscroli  sae'otiel  ne  sccUxnbti. 


ÎTIuTia  ccîfcea  a  bhţiiaiti  iile 
ChuccaiTiT)  afi  cent)  comaifile, 
ţeibfi  iiige  ţ:eib  cpocuaf, 
Wa  cciiig  cctiicax)  co  ccomqitiaf. 

CeiTi  |io  bâbaifi  maiUe 
Ho  bo  mait  baţi  mbfiataitife, 
CCcr  ţvo  ţ65b€r6  rolaib  ^al» 
OCtifxyo  6ici  'oon  qfitiiîfeafi. 

hui)  laeg  bo  T>eaccaige  'D6ib, 

Wi  bia  "Oal  cCaif  tia  cqian'o  c6ifi, 
Co  cae6  cm  |tî  mi|i  'Cuai'de, 
1f  |ii  Ulcro  iTiT>ftiai|ie. 

tncrbtn  ÎTItiige  Tîloiiţain  -Don  tnuij 
*Oo  6tiţi  Ofiiccn  if  Tnoc^amain, 
lliţi  beicceom  cennaâ  aţi  ^all 
8îf  ap,  ftige  Seom^tialanî). 

Oca  oct  na  nec  an  oitim, 
If  anî)  fvo  mulg  an  Tndp,  mai^m, 
Hi  tvan^acaţi  ţaill  a  njnă 
Co  hat  raifipted  roţiaiocle. 

CCn  nf  ma  ccanţaDap  iile, 
Ha  ţaiU  ocof  l4wn)|iai§e. 
Ho  t^Ăsfoc  m6fi  fciac  if  ngae 
OCc  GCc  Cliot  na  cooififurrh. 

Hlţi  c6ifi  vo  ^aUaib  ^ofiba 
Tkw'bedc  i  n'odil  TTlatgaThna, 
W  ^on  n&i|ve  vo  âua^aţi  uo^, 
8tinî)  qfief  an  faile  f^bţitia*. 

W  •Dinjnem  râinfinîh  na  n^aU^ 
CC|i  mo  vile  le  'Otiibgenn, 
"Oo  ţuro  in6ix  •oulc  X)6ib  |ie  ţiă 
peţi  jtif  mqxrc  coihaitile. 

Ung  naitib  m6|v  •oo  cdna*, 
Mî  htiţiof  a  ccorhdifieîh, 
Hac  mebal  t>6ib  ţ^n  an  ctiaifiu, 
CCnnfo  âaţiic  aţi  ^ulctiaiî)? 


1  Counlenanoea :  i.e.,  the  marks  of 
fear  continued  on  their  countenonces. 
This  is  a  difficolt  passage;  no  such 
place  as  Ath  Toradcle  U  known.  Dr. 
O'Donoyan  suggeats  that  we  ahoold 


read,  oo  hCCch  corvpced  cofuro  Cte, 
"to  the  fruitfiil  Ath-CIe  of  troope,** 
Ath*CIe  being  another  way  of  spellinif 
Ath  CHath^  or  DubUn,  which  îb  men- 
tioned  in  the  next  fftania  as  the  pUoe 


WABB  OF  TH£  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  99 

Since  he  would  not  come,  O  Brian,  hither 

Unto  us  to  take  coonsel, 

Takc  thoa  the  sovereigntj,  as  was  foretold. 

Of  the  five  provinces  with  high  valour. 
As  long  as  you  were  together 

Good  was  jour  brotherhood, 

But  there  was  lefi — mighty  deed— 

Injustice  to  the  junior  bj  the  senior. 
A  poem  should  be  made  for  them, 

The  Dai  Cais  will  not  be  in  their  true  fate 

TTntil  the  king  the  tower  of  Tuaidhe  falls, 

And  the  king  of  cold  Uladh. 
The  defeat  of  Magh  Morgain,  in  the  plain, 

Was  given  bj  Brian  and  Mathgamhain  ; 

It  was  not  necessary  to  purchase  a  foreigner 

Down  on  the  road  of  Seangualainn. 
From  Ath-na-nech,  of  the  armour, 

'Twas  there  the  great  defeat  was  given ; 

The  foreigners  did  not  recover  their  countenances,^ 

Until  they  had  reached  the  stout  Ath  Toradcle. 
When  thej  had  come  hither, 

The  foreigners  and  the  Tradraighe, 

They  had  lefi  many  shields  and  spears 

At  Ath  Gliath  of  the  victories. 
It  was  not  right  in  the  rough  foreigners 

To  come  against  Mathgamhain ; 

Not  without  shame  did  thej  escape  from  him, 

From  hence  through  the  bitter  salt  water. 
I  shaU  not  revile  the  foreigners, 

Because  of  mj  friendship  with  Dubhgenn ; 

Much  of  evil  did  he  inflict  on  them  in  his  time, 

The  man  to  whom  thej  gave  counsel. 
He  took  from  them  manj  tribates— 

It  is  not  easy  to  reckon  them. 

Did  not  the  march  prove  disgracefuP  to  themselve»^ 

Which  they  make  here  upon  Sulcoit  ? 


whera  th«7  took  refnge.  But  it  U 
poflsible  that  there  may  have  been 
aome  ford  called  Ath  Toradcle,  in  the 
Oal  Cais  coantiy. 


^DUgracefuL  For  metSal,  "dia- 
gracef ui,'*  perhaps  we  should  read  me- 
baţi,  ^*Do  they  not  remember  the 
march?" 

h2 


100 


coscrot)  soce*otiel  Re  ţcclLccibîi. 


Wi[i  c6i|i  T)o  Lee  CtiiTiTi  cam, 

5©  "DO  Tiicro  a  ccoititnai'DitTi, 

'Cu^fam  a  Tnbansyiaij  'oon  Oatiî), 

OCnuaf  'DO  qfion'osail  Cloqfianx). 
CuThaiTi  le  *Odl  cCaif  câD  cell 

T[\a\i  vo  cuaTnafi  a|i  g^eu  Sleonn, 

1f  aţi  fc6ii;  peaţi^ail  orhfux 

T)o  ptuTier»  I6n  TDac^anifia, 
Ho  tidit  niacsaThain  x)on  muig 

0|velci|i  if  coffiailli'6, 

50  ţnjiqpea*  le6c  pfi  ţiof  tnofib 

8an  cî|i  aitti|vei'6  aiT^anti^aţib. 
tloâaţi  'otichoij  •oo  mac  bfiain 

Tîli'olacaf  afi  Tnau^aihaiTi, 

ba  Daca  vd  uacofv  ^lall 

T)o  |iî  *Oall  cCaif  na  ccfitia75fciafc. 
510TI  50  lA^'scea  laoig  50  buaib 

CC5  caoiTiea6  TDat^aihTia  fntiai'6, 

"Do  pejiOD  Tn6fi  dhIc  fi6  16l 

"OoTi  Iticc  puii  hi  bf)ti|ii;  a|iT>a. 

CCR'O.] 

S^BrianUi  ^^m-  Hogab,  imo|i|U),  b|iian  mac  Chene^is  ic 
Munster.  "Oailcaif  acexx)i|i  aţi  majiboro  THochsamna;  octif  x\\ji 
bo  cioc  ininaD  «51  feti,  ocuf  tiiţi  bo  fop  ininoD  lajigi, 
qct;  ba  rţien  ininaT)  q[iein,  ocuf  ba  zenv  laji  reiro- 
•OaţionoD,  imoţiiio,  coccro  faegcech  fecţiec  fiBlaf  fuab- 
peafi  nemlac  neme|ir;nec  lefiT)e,  ocuf  ţio  v&go^sicco  a 
bţioiaiţi  leif.  Robi  in  ţiip  ccrcac  coccach  congalaf 
injiiDafi  aiţigneac  efo^al,  cofeac  na  11151  fin.  Robi, 
imo|i|U),  in  11151  fbeyiafi  f oDal  fomemnafi  fi€email  fona 
|X)maineac  faiDbiţi  ple^ac  puiîii5ech  po€amail  ţoD6oiT> 
a  T)efieD.    Wî  ^a  fcelaib  feic  coleic  ifin  nifui. 


1  Then  Brian,    Here  we  retam  to 
the  text  of  D. 
^UndertooL  Ro  ţvlogorD,  B.  Imop.- 

'Sedresi.    OCcc,  6. 
«  And,    Ocuf)  otn.  B. 

*  ^fi  egg.    Uige  fin,  B. 

*  Bui  he  toas.    (Xtn  mcro  qfvân  aţi 
tţi6oiTii  octif  cţven  in  lonoco  cţiâoi|i, 


B.  The  meaning  ia,  that  the  enemy 
found  themBelves  to  have  gained  no- 
thing  hy  the  murder  of  Mathgamhain. 
Brian  wasaa  great  a  wairior  axid  as  va- 
liant  a  champion  as  his  brother  had  been. 

f  War.  Cocccro  fiublac  feic- 
ţiech  neirfinec  neitiimeiiicneâ  tei- 
ptim,  B. 

B  Hia  rtign,    Thia  paasage  is  giyeiL 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  101 

The  comelj  people  of  Leth  Guinn  ought  not 
(Altlio'  thej  do  so,)  to  boast, 
We  brought  their  fair  studs  from  the  Bann, 
Down  to  tbe  ships  of  Clotbrann. 
The  Dai  Cais,  of  the  htmdred  churches,  remember 
llow  we  over  ran  Gaeth-Glenn, 
'When  iipon  the  illustrious  FergaVa  shiold, 
Mathgamhain's  xneal  was  cooked. 
Mathgamhaîn  uttered  on  the  plaîn 
A  threat  which  was  fulfilled, 

That  he  woold  leave  there  the  tomb  of  a  man  he  killed, 
In  the  uneven  rough-farzed  country. 
It  was  not  natural  for  the  son  of  Bran 
To  act  cowardly  towards  Mathgamhain ; 
It  would  have  been  more  natural  for  him  to  send  hostagea 
To  the  king  of  Dai  Cais,  of  the  bard  shields. 
Although  calves  are  not  suffered  to  go  to  the  cows, 
In  lamentation  for  the  noble  Mathgamhain  : 
There  was  inflîcted  much  evil  in  bis  daj 
By  those  who  are  in  Port- Ardă. 

LouD.] 
LXIII.  Then  Brian,*  son  of  Cennedigh,  undertook*  the  Th«  reîgn 
redress^  of  the  Dai  Cais  forthwith,  after  the  murder  of?[®""*"*° 
Mathgamliaiu ;  and*  he  was  not  a  stone  in  the  place  of  an 
egg* ;  and  he  was  not  a  wisp  in  the  place  of  a  club ; 
but  he  was®  a  hero  in  place  of  a  hero ;  and  he  was  va- 
lour  after  valour.     He  then  made  an  invading,  defying, 
rapid,  subjugating,  ruthless,  untiring  war/  in  which  he 
fuUy  avenged  his  brother.     His  reign,®  at  the  beginning  of 
his  reign,was  one  full  of  battles,  wars,combats,  plundering, 
ravagingjUnquiet.  But  at  itsconclusion,  this  reignatlength 
became  bright,  placid,  happy,peaceful,  prosperous,  wealthy, 
rich,  festive,  giving  of  banquets,  laying  foundations.   Some 
of  his  adventures  are  bere  shortly  related. 


thns  in  B. — Rob  î  Ţ^r^  an  fii je  cocc- 
tach,  conjatac,  ai|i5iiec,io|i^atac, 
eayya'oat»  a  ccoy^ac  tia  )\^ţ,6  pn. 
HoW  imo]ri|\o,  an  x^ije  -ptibac, 
ŢtiT)al,  |N)niuMininac,  poToaiîiail, 
j>on«,  |xiiT>r»i]\,  |X)niaoinear,  yle'h- 


ach,  p]i|vecach  a  'oeip.eio.  HI  "oa 
fcc^taib  mnipcep,  y*unn  co  lelcc. 
This  (leâcription  muflt  be  undentood 
as  rcferring  to  the  reign  of  Brian  in 
Mnn^tcr  only:  not  to  his  reign  as 
knij;  of  Irdand. 

"h3 


102 


cosccDli  scce-otiel  ne  sccllcnbti. 


Plonder  of 
the  islanda 
of  the 
Shamnon, 
A.D.  977. 


Donna- 
bhân  unites 
with  Har- 
oldţ  Danish 
king  of 
MuDster. 

They  are 
both  slain 
by  Brian» 
A.D.  978. 


Brian's 
message 
to  Mael- 
muadh  to 
demand 
£ric. 

His  poetU 
cal  address 
to  the 
xneasenger. 


LXIV.  Romaîibcn),  rţia,  Imaţi  ocur  «  "oa  meic  la 
bpian ;  T)ubcen'D  ocuf  Cuallaix)  la  huib  *Oomnaill  Coji- 
cobafciTiT)  înninif  Tnoi|i,  ocuf  înrnif  "oa  *OjiumanT)> 
ocu]^  infe-oa  uli  in  cuain  lapfin ;  .i.  cac  'ou  iţiabcroaţi 
miia,  ocuf  fnacama  ocuf  batiT^ţiacx^a  na  ngalU  *0a 
ppi€  rţia  oţi,  ocuf  aji^ez  rni'oa  maini,  ocuf  nrîontira 
im'oa  ecfamla  if na  hinT)fib  fin  ocuf  if  na  pop-T^aib. 

Ro  ciiiţiefcai|i,  qaa,  T)onniibdn  CCţialc  mac  Imaip 
cuip  aţi  maţibaT)  a  aT;aţi,  ocuf  ţio  ţii^fac  ^aillTntinian  e. 
Ro  cuaiT)  laţifin  ayi  cţieic  înnuib  pn'ogenn,  ocuf  ţio 
^abfoc  buap  'Diaipnii^i,  ocuf  fio  aiţi^fac  CoCpai^  Cuan, 
ocuf  ţio  mafibfor  a  T)ani,  ocuf  fio  maţabfoc  *Oonnubdn 
mac  Carail,  in  zecv  inbaig,  ţii  Ha  pn'o^enn,  ocuf  ţio 
mai^bi^ar:  CC]ialT:  mac  1maip  |ii  gali,  ocuf  ţio  cuipfex; 
d|i 'Dimoji  aţi^allaib,  ocuf  r;ucfai;  buaţi  T)iaiţimici  leo. 
In  'oaţia  blia^ain  ayi  mafibaT)  TTlaTjh^amna  fîn. 

LXV.  [1f  annfin  ţio  cuifi  bpian  recea  co  TTlaelmuat 
mac  byiain  'Dia|i|iai'5  efica  aBiurcaţi  .i.  îTlacsarfina  mac 
CeinneiTXi§,  .i.  Co^aţian  polla  sţia-oa  vo  bjiian  eifein, 
ocuf  ocbejiT;  bţiian  an  laiT)h  : — 

©11115b  a  Choccaţidin  caif, 

Co  ÎTlaelmucro  an  ftuifcc  fiin-D^taif, 
50  macaib  Oţiain  af  buan  |iac, 
1f  co  macaib  ua  nGacoai. 


iBif  Brian,  B.  omită  the  words 
a  'oa  meic  la  bţiian,  and  conse- 
quently  repr^ients  Imar,  Dabhcenn, 
and  Coalladh,  [litiap,  ocuf  "Duib- 
genT)  octjy*  Ciialla'6,  B.]  as  having 
been  killed  by  the  Hua  Domhnaill  of 
Corcobhaiscinn. 

•  Ini$-tnorj  or  **  Big  island.**  It 
seems  as  if  a  line  had  been  omitted 
bere  in  D. ;  for  B.  reads  ta  îlua 
n'DoTnnaitl  Cbo|ux)baiyxaii'o  in 
inif  Cacbaig  blia-oam  lap,  map,- 
ba'Dfnatgamna.  Hohaiticce-oteo 
Pint)  itiif,  ocuf  inif  moitv,  ocnţ» 
w^Ţ  "oa  'DivoTTiaiiT)  ocviţ  mr\Ţei>a 
fxn  ^aain  vile  aţi^ena.    "By  Hua 


Domhnaill  of  Corcobhaiscinn  in  Inls 
Cathaigh,  the  yearafter  the  mnider 
of  Mathgamhaln.  Finn  Inia  and  Inia 
Mor,  and  Inis  Da  Dromann  were 
plondered  by  them,  and  the  islanda  of 
the  whole  harbour  likewiae.*' 

^Harbour:  vis.,  the  Harbour  of 
Limerick,  or  mouth  of  the  Shannon. 
It  is  evident  from  these  words,  and 
those  that  follow,  that  the  text  is  de- 
fective ;  for  it  is  impossible  that  two 
men  conld  have  beeu  killed  in  more 
islands  than  two.  We  are,  therefore, 
under  the  necessity  of  preferring  the 
text  of  B,  as  given  in  note  *. 

^Sih€r,    B,  reada^  'Oo  pfiich  dţ\ 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


103 


LXIV.  Imax  and  his  two  sons  had  been  killed  by  Piunder  of 
Brian' ;  Dubhcenn  and  Cuallaîd  by  the  Ui  Domhnaill,  ^fW^^ 
of  Corcobliaiscmn  în  Inis-m6r,*  and  în  Inîs-da-Drumand,  Shamioii, 

A.D.  977. 

and  în  the  other  Lslands  of  the  harbour,'  afterwards ; 
namely,  every  place  in  which  the  wîves  and  children  and 
women  of  the  foreigners  were.  There  were  foiind  gold 
and  silver^  în  abundance,  much  of  wealth  and  variouâ 
goods  în  those  îalands  and  in  the  fortresses. 

Then  Donnabhăn  învited  Aralt,  the  son  of  Imar,  unto  Donna- 
him,  afber  his  father  had  been  killed,  and  the  foreigners  ^^q]^ 
of  Mumhain  made  him  king.     He  [Brian*]  went  after-  oid,  Danish 
wards  on  a  foray  into  Ui  Fidhgenti,  and  they  took  cattle  Hmster.    • 
înnumerable ;  and  they  pltindered  Cathaîr  Cuan,^  and 
they  kîlled  its  people ;  and  they  killed  Donnabhân,  son  of  They  are 
Cathal,  the  ripe  culprit,^  the  king  of  Ui  Fidhgenti ;  and  ^y  Bnâ^ 
they  Idlled®  Aralt,  son  of  Imar,  king  of  the  foreigners,  and  -^^-  978. 
they  made  a  prodigious^  slaughter  of  the  foreigners,  and 
they  carried  away  with  them  cattle  înnumerable.     This 
was  the  second  year  after ^^  the  kUling  of  Mathgamhain. 

LXY.  [Then  Brian  sent  a  messenger  to  Maelmnadh,  the  Brian*8 
son  of  Bran,  to  demand  from  him  the  Eric*  ^  of  his  brother,  ^®ţj^, 
Mathgamhain,  son  of  Cennedigh,  viz.,  Cogarân,  who  was  muadh  to 
the  confidenţial  officer  of  Brian.    And  Brian  spake  this  ^^^ 
poem : — 

*  Hi8.poeti- 

Gro,  O  Cogarăn,  the  intelligent,  cal  adâreas 

Unto  Maelmuadh  of  the  piercing  blue  eye,  mewMicer 

To  the  sons  of  Bran  of  enduring  prosperity, 
And  to  the  sons  of  the  Ui  Eachdach. 


ocup  montepx  lom'oa  ete  yf  na 
hînn-pl),  ocoj*  i|*  na  poţicaib  pn : 
**  There  weie  found  gold  and  manj 
other  goods  in  the  idando,  and  in  thoee 
fortresses.'* 

'  He  f  jBtmui].  B  reads,  "Oo  ctiaiT) 
loţvpn  bţMon.  "Brian  went  after- 
wards," which  interpreta  the  text 
of  D. 

•  Cathair  Ctum.  Catfioa^  Ciaon, 
D.    Cotojp.  Cvon,  B. 


7  CvIpriL  B.  omits  the  words,  in 
t;e6c  mboig. 

8  KUkd.  Ro  gabfoc,  B.,  "They 
took." 

^Prodigiaus.  CC^  m6xi,  B.,  "A 
great  slaughter." 

M  Afîer.  lati,  B.  The  folio  wing 
chapter  is  an  interpolation  which  oc- 
curs  only  in  B. 

^Eric.  That  is,  the  fine  payable 
by  the  Brehon  Law  for  the  mnrder  of 
MatbgftTnh  ai  Pt 


104}  coscroîi  sae*oîiel  ue  scclLccibîi. 

Piaţiţxxi'6  T)iob  pjf  na  ţ?dtaib 
01*6  îna|i  mafibfoc  mo  bţicncaiţi, 
CiT)  maţi  ma|ibfacaţi  na  ţ?i|i, 
TTlacsamain  mac  Cemneircig. 

maifig  T>o  ma|ib  lucc  anen)ig ; 
Tîlai|i5  vo  ma|iB  mac  Cemneiccig; 
Tn6|i  an  mîofiac  5titvbţ?eti|i  -oe 
beic  ac  Imafi  ana  ai^e. 

51*  mifi  T)o  maitex>  fin, 
t^fcoD  raib  mic  Ceinneirn^, 
Hi  maitpex)  'OalcCaif  calma, 
'CefcoD  caib  acngeţxna. 

Hi  mairţ:ef6  Longafidn  lân, 
Ma  Bcngeiin,  na  Occdn, 
Ha  Conaing  qfitiai*  na  ccfiec, 
Ha  Ceinneicng  caom  cuimneac, 

lfea6  Deaţiaii;  na  ţ?i|i, 
TDal  cCaif  ţiiii  aţi  uainib, 
50  mbefxac  |itiacaţi  50  ţiac, 
gomba  htiachai*  hui  OacDac. 

Qlanna  Coyibmaic  iccăin, 

Ha  biT)  7)0  cftic  clainne  Heill, 
[1  ccîţi  coiccjiic  bl*]  ^ac  'Ofteam, 
TDanba*  le6  -DeifcefiT:  6|\enn. 

Ia  015  mac  bfiam  mic  Cein 
CuThal  mo  bţiarai|i  'oam  p^in, 
Woca  ^eib  ucco  jeiU  no  sfiaig, 
CCcc  6  p6in  ina  cinai*. 

ţeallaiT)  muricha*  mâfi  mac  bfiiain, 
THaolmtiorD  -do  coţxî  fa  c^t)  ^liait, 
Ocuf  ni  ţxiitibtiij  a  geaH, 
O  a*ba|i  am-DinJ  Ofienn. 

Rdi*  le  mac  Oţiain  nac  baDhor» 
Cetic  caiccijif  6  mai|iea6, 
'Cecc  50  belac  Lecca  lUe 
Lîn  a  t^5  fo  tx)6|iai'oe. 


1  /  hadforgiom.  The  meaning  is, 
**  Althoagh  I  hâd  forgiven  the  mtuder 
of  my  brother,  the  tribe  of  the  Dai 
Cdfl  would  never  foigive  the  slaughter 
oftheirchieftuxi." 


*  Longarâii,  read  Lonargan. 

B  /fi  a  ttrtmger  pnmnct.  The 
wordfl  within  bracketa  are  aappUed 
hy  Mr.  Cuny  from  conjectoxe;  a 
I  blank  ia  leit  în  the  originiL     T^ 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


105 


Ask  them  what  were  the  reasons 

Why  they  killed  my  brother ; 

Why  did  the  men  kiil 

Mathgamhain,  son  of  Cennedigh  ? 
Woe !  to  have  killed  unanned  people — 

"Woe !  to  have  killed  the  son  of  Cennedigh ; 

Great  the  misfortune,  that  thej  thought  it  bctter 

To  be  on  Imar's  side  than  on  his. 
Though  I  had  forgiven^  that^ — 

The  cuţting  open  the  side  of  Gennedigh's  son ; 

The  brave  Dai  Cais  would  not  forgive 

The  cnttqig  open  the  side  of  their  lord. 
Longaran,'  the  opulent,  would  not  forgive, 

Nor  Echtighem,  nor  Ogân, 

Nor  hardy  Conaing  of  the  plunders, 

Nor  Cennedigh  the  comelj,  the  mindfuL 
This  is  what  the  men  now  say — 

The  Dai  Cais — unto  them,  on  fit  occasions, 

That  they  wiU  make  a  victorions  march 

By  which  the  Ui  Eachdach  will  be  reduced  to  a  few. 
The  Clann  Cormaic  afar 

Let  them  not  be  f rom  the  Clann  NeiU  country, 

pn  a  stranger  province'  be]  every  tribe, 

K  theirs  be  not  the  south  of  Erinn. 
Whenever^  the  son  of  Bran,  son  of  Cian,  shall  offer 

The  Cumhal^  of  my  brother  unto  myself, 

I  will  not  accept  from  him  hostages  or  studs. 

But  only  himself  in  atonement  for  his  guilt. 
Murchadh  the  great,  the  son  of  Brian,  promises 

To  check  Maelmuadh  in  the  first  combat, 

And  his  pledge  will  not  be  forfeited 

By  the  heir  of  the  chief  king  of  Erinn. 
Say  unto  the  son  of  Bran  that  he  fail  not, 

After  a  full  fortnight  from  to-morrow, 

To  come  to  Belach  Lechta  hither 

With  the  full  moster  of  his  army  and  his  followers* 


meaning  U,  "  Let  the  Clan  Connaic 
(or  Dai  Caia),  and  all  its  tribea  live 
in  exile,  and  retire  to  the  country  of 
the  O'Neilla  (Le.,  the  North  of  Ire- 
land),  rather  than  yield  to  othen  the 


sovereignty  of  the  Sonth,  Le.,  of  Hnn- 
ster." 

«  YFAeneMT.  Litenlly, ''Thedayon 
which." 

^  (hanhal    See  above,  p.  94,  note  ^ 


106 


coţccDti  ţae'oîiel  ne  sccLLccibîi. 


CCcc  TTitiTia  nren  on-oer 
Co  betac  leafcca  Um^tMT, 
P|iicaile^  aige  5a  tij 
T)al  cCai|"  if  mac  Cemneiing. 

Woca  sebtari  nota  cmn 
Ofi  na  aiţx^ec  no  ţ^ayvanî), 
Ha  ^eiH,  na  in-oili,  a  pfi, 
In-Difi  'DOib  if  ei|ii§. 


eiRlS] 


Battle  of 
BeUch 
Lechta, 
and  death 
of  Maol- 
muadh, 
A.D.  97a 
Battle  of 
Fan  Con- 
rach,  A.D. 
979. 


Brian 
in  vadea 
Oaaoiy, 

andLein- 
ater. 


LXVI.  CCnT)fein  -00  cuiţi  bfiian  ca:6  belaig  Lefca, 
vu  iT)|iocai|i  moelmtiai'D  mac  bţiain  ţiî  îTluman,  ocuf 
T)a  .c.  vec  umi  ez\\i  gali  octjf  5087)61,  ocuf  ţio  gab 
bţiogci  ÎTluman  co  pccp-p. 

OCf  a  ochii  fin  ruc  bţiian  ccxt  pain  Conpac  pop 
^allaib  ;  ocuf  ţio  bţiif  ocuf  ţio  aijigefcaiii  na  'Oefi 
co  poţic  Wp,  octif  TU)  inarib  mei  tm)  faig  in  caccro 
aiţi  .1.  T)omnaill  mac  paeldn  a  ptijiu  Laţigi,  ocuf  po 
^ab  bţiagci  Tntiman  uli  aţi  caţiUT)  a  lama  mafi  fin, 
octjf  fo  ^ab  bfasci  aiîiT)cell  ÎTluman  na  pagbai^f 
metilii,  na  poglaip  crom  fna  cellaib. 

T)a  ţionaD  laţifin  fluage^o  peji  ÎTluman  uli  la 
bţiian  in  nOfţiai^b,  ocuf  fo  cuibfiiseT)  leif  5^lla- 
paDţvaic  mac  Tk)n£aDa,  ocuf  ţio  ^ab  a  giallu  .1.  fii 
Ofjiaip.  "Oa  SuaiT)  latifin  co  mag  nCCillbi  co  can- 
caDafi  "oa  fi  Lagen  na  €eac,  .1.  Tk)mnall  Cloen,  ocuf 
TJuaCal  fi  lafCaif  ti^i,  ocuf  fo  ^ab  a  mbfaigci  icinT> 


1  Brian.  We  have  here  again  the 
text  of  D.  B  reads,  1f  annfin  730 
dtiiTX  briiom  cat  p^w  1x1  îTluTlian  .1. 
ÎTlaotmucro,  octif  (tcbeţuic  afvoile 
|vo  mcxprbcro  tMx  tâfo  'd6cc  ann  «do 
gaUocib  ocuf  gaoi'oealea^  ocuf 
|vo  Tnop-bcro  ÎTlaotimicrD  x^r\: 
"Then  Brian  gave  battle  to  the  king 
of  Munster,  Le.,  Maolmnadh,  and  aome 
nj  there  were  killed  there  1,200  of 
the  foreignen  and  of  the  Irish,  and 
Maolmuadh  himaelf  was  killed.**  And 


then  in  a  new  paragraph,  Ro  ^ba6 
brunJDe  na  ÎTIniiiafi  co  faifigo  of 
a  haitle,  ocuf  cuc  b|\iafi,  Ac: 
**He  took  the  hoetagee  of  Mnmhain 
as  far  as  the  sea  afterwaida,  and  Brian 
gave  hattie,"^  &c. 

^  Fan  ComracL  'O^in  ţdificonn- 
Yxach,  B.,  '*Dtm  Fain  Comuach**  [or 
the  Fort  of  Fan  Connrach,  (ie.,  of  the 
Church  of  Conrad.)]  CC  1>pan  mic 
Connţva'D,  **at  Fan  mic  Coimrad.'* 
^fifk  Imtf.  (^DM)  A.D.  979. 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


107 


Sut  if  he  do  not  come  from  the  Sonth 
To  Bdach  Lechta,  the  evergreen, 
Let  him  answer  at  his  house 
The  Dai  Cais  and  the  son  of  Cennedigh. 

For  him  shall  not  be  accepted  from  them 
Gold,  nor  silver,  nor  land. 
Nor  hostages,  nor  cattle,  O  Man  I 
Teii  them  this  and  go. 


Gc] 


LXVI.  Then  Brian^  fought  the  Battleof  Belach  Lechta,  in  ^^^"^ 
which  fell  Maelmuadh,  son  of  Bran,  king  of  Muinhain,  and  Lechta, 
twelve  hundred  along  with  him,  both  Gaill  and  Gaedhil ;  ^^'2*'* 
and  he  took  the  hostages  of  Mumhain  even  iinto  the  sea.  maadh, 

Afler  that  Brian  gained  battle  of  Fan  Connwîh»  over  ^'^ 
the  foreignera    And  he  ravaged  and  plundered'  the  Deşi  Fan  Con- 
even  to   Port  Lairge,  and  he  banished  him  who  hadj^^^/ 
foroed  the  war  on  him,*  to  wit,  Domhnall,  the  son  of 
Faelăn,  of  Port  Lairge,  and  he  took^  the  hostages  of  all 
Momhain,  as  the  fruit  of  his  arms  then^ ;  and  he  took  the 
hostages  of  the  principal^  chmt^hes  of  Mumhain,  that 
they  should  not  reoeive  rebels  nor  thieves  to  sanctuary  in 
the  churchea 

After  this  there  was  an  expedition  under  Brian  of  all  ?"*? 

.  .  invades 

the  men  of  Mumhain  into  Osraighe ;  and  Gillapatric,  son  Ossoiy, 
of  Donnchadh,  was  put  in  fetters  by  him;  and  he  took 
his  hostages,  i.e.  of  the  king  of  Osraighe.    He  went  after  "^  ^^^'' 
that  to  Magh  Ailbhe,^  where  the  two  kings  of  Laghin 
came  into^  his  house,  viz.,  Domhnall  Cloen,  and  Tuathal, 
king  of  western  Liphi,  and  he  took  their  hostages^® ;  this 


*  Phmdered.  For  |vo  bfiif  octi-p 
fio  ccifisejxaYi,  B.  reada,  ţio  cnţicci 
^*he  plundered.** 

*  On  him.  For  |vo  Ţca^  in  caccro 
onp,  B.  in  more  modem  spelling  reada, 
ţvo  JX115  ţjcnţi  an  cogaiâ. 

^Hetook,    'gabmf,  B. 

*  T%en.  GCnuaifi  f.n,  B.,  "at 
tbat  time." 

'  Principal  B.  reada,  ocuf  fio  gab 


bTvaigDO  ceaUj  ÎTlmfian,  aţi  na 
ţ?accbaT)cn|*innctea'6a  no  tx>ţ1cn'De 
înnnb:  "And  he  took  hostages  of 
the  chnrches  of  Mnnater,  that  they 
should  not  recdre  robbers  or  thieyes 
within  them.** 

^  Magh  Ailbhe.  B.  reada,  7 '«do 
dtiai'D  ayyin  1  mui§  CCitbe. 

»  Into.    Ina  teac,  B. 

^0  Bostaga.    B.  omits  thU  dame. 


108 


coscroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  ţccllcabti. 


Brian, 
king  of  all 
Muaster, 
A.D.  984. 


Muirghifl, 
crown 
prince  of 
Connacht) 
ktUed, 
A.D.  98a 

Brian's 
treaty  with 
Maelsech- 
laîn,  A.D. 
998. 


Revolt  of 
Leinster 
and  of  the 
foreigfnen 
fromBrUn. 


ofe  mbliaT)an  ayi  mafibaT)  Tllcrch^amna.  CCmlai-o  pn 
ba  ţii  Le€i  TTlo^a  Ojiian.  Ro  cinoloD  moţi  coblac 
muiii'oi  leif  lap^in  po|i  ^Oeiţxc  T)ei|ic,  ocuf  ţiuccair  qii 
.c.  lepcap.  leif,  poţi  «inainT)  co  toc  Rai,  ocuf  fio 
hinţiex)  ÎTli-Di  leif  co  hUfnec,  ocup  ţio  cţiecfoc  bţiepni 
uli  Dayi  OC^tiac  fuap.  *Da  cucrcayi,  'ona,  u.  cex:  a|i  pcec 
uauib  1  Conacra  coiroeinifor:  olca  moţia  airo,  ocuf  coji- 
Tnaiibtxic  Tnui|iptif  mac  Concobaifi  fiigDamna  Conacr, 
ocuf  ţio  mayibaT),  am,  pocaiDi  v\h  feom.  Ir  Leip 
iT)fU}cai|i  RuaiT)fii  mac  Copcfiaig  [yii]  Ua  mOjiium 
ocuf  laţiraiţi  Conace.  1f  leip  i'Ofiocaifi  TDuiisiur  mac 
RuaT)ţii  laţifin. 

*0a  îionoD  'oan  moţicoblac  la  bjiian  co  piein  pac- 
rop  co  rame  TTloelfeclainT)  ina  com'oail,  co  iroefinfoc 
fi€  anv  .1.  ifiabi  vo  bfiaigcib  te€i  mo^a  ic  moelpec- 
lainx)  .1.  bfvo^i  gali  ocuf  Logen,  a  T^abaiţic  -oo  bpiaîi, 
ocuf  Ua  pacfiac  (Xvm,  ocuf  Ua  TDani  leif,  ocup 
•Dilfi  Le€i  CuiTiT)  o  Iun  am  ac  cen  coccaD  cen  ţ^ţoil 
6  Ojiian  "DO  maelfeclainT)  .i.  -oa  blioDain  fin  ţie  coi 
^Imni  mama. 

LXVII.  CCfi  nec  imopţio  T)omnaill  Cloen  mac  lop- 
can  ţii  Logen,  bacaţi  Login  ocuf  gaill  co  hamţiiajiac 


1  Eigkt  yeara,  B.  hegins  a  new 
paragrapli  here.  CC  cairo  occ  m- 
btia-oan  inioiV|vo  laţx  maţitSa'D 
TTl  otgocrfino  tio  gab  btiiati  bţioi^SDe 
octif  lan|ii Je  Leite  TTl  oga.  "  Now 
at  the  end  of  eight  yean  after  the 
murder  of  Mathgamhain,  Brian  took 
the  hostagea,  and  the  full  sovereignty 
of  Leth  Mogha,''  Le.,  of  the  sonthem 
half  of  Ireland. 

^By  kim.  Le  btiiati,  B.,  **by 
Brian."    Omitting  mtipn. 

<  Boata.  B.  reads  cţii.  c  eoctoţv 
leif  afi  Sioncnnn,  "Threehundred 
ships  with  him  on  the  Shannon." 

*  HundrttL  B.  reads,  u.  eonbap. 
picec :  "five  acore  ships." 

s  ComtachL  IcConnadcaib,  B., 
"against  the  Connachtmen.** 


«  Greoi  evils.  Ulca  ithrxi,  B., 
"  many  evila." 

'  Tk^  kiOed,  ţaji  tfiorUiacaii 
ITItiiTisef  mac  Conoabonţi  tvi- 
'oaţtina  Cof^nacc,  ociif  |H)£on^ 
ete,  B.,  "So  that  Moirghes,  aon  (tf 
Conchobhair,  crown  prince  of  Con- 
nacht,  and  many  othen,  were  killed." 

« By  him,  }ţ  teo  coivcoiti,  B., 
'^  Bjr  them  was  killed  ]"  and  the  same 
reading  is  repeated  instead  of  iţ^  leif 
it)fU)caip.  in  the  next  line. 

0  King.    Hi  is  added  from  B. 

w  Muirffhuu.    Tnuţxgef,  B. 

u  Aftenoards.  B.  oonnects  this 
woid  with  what  follows,  1a|ifin  crui 
"oo  ţioncro.  "  Afterwarda  was  made 
by  Brian,"  &c 


f 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  QAILL. 


109 


was  eight  years^   after  the  murder  of    Mathgamhain.  Brian, 
Thus  Biiau  was  the  king  of  Leth  Mogha.     Afterwarda  Mister, 
there  was  assembled  by  him' .  a  great  marine  fleet  on  ^^'  ®^- 
Dei-g  Deirc ;  and  he  took  three  hundred  boats^  with  him 
upon  the  Sinann  as  far  as  Loch  Bai ;  and  Midhe  was 
ravaged  by  him  as  far  as  Uisnech  ;  and  they  plundered 
all  Brei&e  beyond  Ath  liag  upwUrds.     There  went  also 
five  hundred*  and  twenty  from  them  into    Connacht* ; 
and  they  perpetrated  great  evils*  there,  and  they  killed^ 
Muirghius,  son  of  Conchobhar,  orown  prinee  of  Connacht,  MnuţrWa, 
and  there  were  killed  also  many  of  themselves.    It  was  ^^  ^j 
by  him*  was  slain  Ruaidhri,  son  of  Coscrach  [king]®  of  Connacht, 
Ui  Briuin,  and  of  western  Connacht.     And  it  was  by  him  a-dT^ss. 
Muirghius/^  the  son  of  Rimidhri,  was  slain  aften^ards.^^ 

Brian  now  made  a  great  naval  expedition  to  Flein  Brian's 
Pattoid/*  where  Maelsechlainn  came  to  meet  him,  andjjj^^î** 
they  concluded  a  mutual  peace  there,  viiz.,  such  hostages  i^in,  A.D. 
of  Leth  Mogha  as  Maelsechlainn  had,  i.e.  hostages^^  of  the 
foreigners  and  of  the  Laghin,  and  likewise  of  the  Ui 
Fiachrach  Aidhne,  and  of  the  Ui  Mâine,  to  be  ceded  to 
Brian;  and  the  sole  sovereignty  of  Leth  Oirinn,  from 
thenceforth,^*  to  belong  to  Maelsechlainn  without  war  or 
trespass  from  Brian.    This  was  two  years  hefore  the  battle 
of  Qlenn  Mama.^^ 

LXVII.  Now,'®  aiter  the  death  of  Domhnall  Cloen,  son  Revolt  of 
of  Lorcan,'^  king  of  Laghin,  the  Laghin  and  the  foreigners  ^l"*?^ 


u  Plem  PaUmcL  bl6in  Pac6ici,  B. 

u  Eostoffet.  B.  readSf  .1.  a  ţuxibe 
T)ol>|icngoib  Leite  TTl  05a,  7  'gallţ 
ocirp  Lat^ecm  05  Tnaeleclainn: 
**  Such  hostages  of  Leth  Mogha,  and 
of  the  foreignen,  and  of  the  Leinster- 
men,  as  Maelsechlamn  had." 

"  Thence/ortk.  Opn  amaâ  gon 
cogcro,  gem  pogait  "oo  bţwan  ati 
TTlaelf'echtainn,  B. 

^  Glmn  Mama,  The  hattle  of  Glen 
Mama  is  dated  998  (the  20th  year  of 
MadBechlainn),  by  the  Four  Masters; 
bat  A.D.  1000,  according  to  0*Fla- 


herty's  Chronology;  and,  therefofe, 
the  alliance  or  treaty  recorded  in  this 
chapter  must  be  dated  996  (4  M.>)  or 
998  (O'FL) 

"  Now.    B.  omits  imof^ivo. 

^7  80H  of  'Lorcan.  These  words  are 
omitted  in  B.  The  death  of  Domh- 
nall Cloea  is  dated  983,  by  the  Four 
M.,  the  5th  year  of  Maelsechlainn, 
whioh  in  O'Flaherty's  Chronology 
would  be  985,  so  that  the  revolt  of 
Leinster  must  have  begnn  twelve  or 
thirteen  years  bef ore  the  treaty  with 
Maelsechlainn. 


foreigners 
from  Brian. 


110 


cosaroti  ţoce'Dliel  ne  salLcnbti. 


Battle  of 
Glen 
Mama, 
A.D.  1000. 


The  Lein- 
ater-men 
and  Danes 
of  Dublin 
defeated. 


•00  bţiian,  ocuf  bcrcaţi  ic  Tcobjiucrax)  coccaiT)  pfii  b|iian, 

ocuf  pfii  ÎTlumnefiaib  aficena.    *0a  Iuit),  imojiiio,  bpian 

ocuf  moţifeinol  peaţi  muman  leif  co  tai^nib,  ocuf  co 
^ullu  .1.  "DO  ^abail  pofi  CCt  Clia€  no  co  ţiiajiaiscif 

^ailU     Ro  cuiţiix;  'oan  ba,  octif  munT^efia  Lc^en  in 

afcaill  gali,  ocuf  i  ntlib  bţiin  CbualanT),  ocuf  i  nUib 

Sabjia,  ocuf  i  nUib  'DoncoDa,  octif  canccrcaţi  Login 

ocuf  gcnll  fe6  na  mtînreţiaib  i  conni  mbfiiain,  ocuf  a 

coniDail  .1.  co  JI'O'T^  THania.    Ro  comiMnsfei;  an-o  fin 

bfiian  co  ÎTlumnefaib,  ocuf  gailL  co  Laigne^aib  leo. 

Ro  pejiaD,  imop-fio,  ca€  pulec,  picDa,  pojvoepc,  peocai[i, 

peajvoa,  peţiamail,  ajaţib,  aniaţiia,  efcaţi-oemail,  erufijiu 

ocuf  1*0611011;  [pifife  ocuf  eolai§  naţi  cuiţieofe  6  cau 

TTltiise  Roca  nuaf  ctji'oaine  ba  ni6  ina  fin.    Tk)ruic- 

feac  ann  fochai'5e  "oo  *Oal  cCaif,   ocuf  vo  tntinîi- 

neachaiB  aţicena;  fio  uiicfeac  ann  fofigla  gali  CCra 

Clia€,  ocuf  gali  Gfienn  uile,  ocuf  rucca^  dji  iai|en; 

CI*  vf^a  a&  îio  muig  îx)îi  na  gallaiB,  octif  pori  na  I015- 

ni§.     Ro  nia|iba'5  qfia  ann  OCfialu   mac    CCrfiloiB  ţii 

•oamna  gali  eyienn,  ocuf  Cuilen  mac  Occigeţin,  ocuf 

.xL    06*0  impo  vo  neoc  ap  peaţiţi  baoi  "oo  gallaiB  a 

nGfienn,  octif  leanai'5  bţiian  iod  co  jiangaDaţi  in  -oiin, 

50  nobţioB — 


1  Agamst  Brian.  PoniV  octif  poţi 
fntiilionn  aţicena,  B.,  "againat  him 
and  againat  Mamhaîn  alao.** 

s  The  La^hm,  Co  SuUa,  octif 
co  Longnm  «do  gal^oit/  ofv  GCtctiot 
no  co  ixiOTi'oaifĂ,  B.,  "agdnst  the 
foreignen  and  againat  the  Laghin," 
[or  men  of  Ldnater,]  ^  to  laj  Biege  to 
Ath  GUath  nntU  it  anbmitted  to  him.*' 

*  The  oatOe.    btiari,  B. 

^Angk.  B.  reada,  inof|f;ailt 
gaU/  in  tlib  biMiJin  Cualann  7 
1  nit)  gabtia:  "Into  the  angle  of 
the  foragnen  in  Ui  Briain  Cuallan, 
and  into  Ui  Gabbra/*  It  ia  possible 
that  Ascall  Gail^  '^the  angle  of  the 
Gaill,**  onght  to  be  regaided  aa  a  pro- 


per  name,  denoting  aome  piaee  po«- 
aeased  by  the  f oreigners.  The  reading 
of  B.  would  aeem  to  make  it  a  place 
in  the  territory  of  Ui  Biiuin  CnaJann, 
a  district  embradng  the  greater  part 
of  the  barony  of  Bathdown,  aod  a 
poition  of  the  north  of  the  co.  Wldc- 
low.  See  Dr.  0*DonoTan*a  note  \ 
Fa»  M.,  738  (p.  340).  AmouR  or 
ĂagaU  (Latin  aaâUd)^  ia  the  ano  pit; 
and  hence  an  angular  pîeoe  of  gnmnd, 
like  the  apace  between  a  man's  ann 
and  hia  body. 

'  Beyond:  i.e.,  in  advance  of  their 
famlliea  (more  to  the  aouth  of  the 
districts  to  which  they  had  aent  their 
wives  and  children),  in  order  to  inter- 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


111 


became  disobedient  to  Brian,  and  were  menacing  war 
against  Brian,  ^  and  against  the  people  of  Mumhain  ako. 
Brian,  therefore,  marched,  with  a  great  muster  of  the  men 
of  Mumhain,  against  the  Laghin'  and  against  the  foreign- 
ers,  intending  to  lay  siege  to  Ath  Cliath  until  the  foreign- 
ers  should  submit  to  him.     But  now  the  cattle^  and  the 
families  of  Tiaghin  were  sent  into  the  angle^  possessed  by 
the  foreigners,  and  into  Ui  Briuin  Chualann ;  and  into 
Ui  Gabhra,  and  to  Ui  Donnchadha.     And  the  Laghin 
and  the  Qaill  came  beyond^  their  families  to  meet  Brian 
and  into  his  presence,  viz.,  to  Glenn  Mama.     They  met  Battle  of 
there ;  Brian  with  the   Mumhnigh,  and  the  foreigners  ^^ 
aooompanied  by  the  Tjaghin  ;  and  there  was  fought  be-  A.D.  lOOO. 
tween  them  a  battle,  bloody,  furious,  red,  valiant,  heroic, 
manly ;  rough,  cruel,  heartless ;  and  [men^  of  intelligence 
and  leaming  say  that  sinoe  the  battle  of  Magh  Bath,^  to 
that  time,  there  had  not  taken  place  a  greater  slaughter. 
There  feU  there  multitudes  of  the  Dai  Cais,  and  of  the 
Muimhnigh  in  general ;   there  fell  there  the  greater  part 
of  the  foreigners  of  Ath  Cliath,  and  of  the  foreigners  of 
all  Erinn ;  and  there  was  also  a  slaughter  of  the  Laghin;  The  Lein- 
for,  in  short,  the  foreigners  and  the  Laghin  were  utterly  '*^~!?"^ 
defeated.      And  there  were  killed  there  Aralt,  the  son  of  Dublin 
of  Amlaibh,  the  crown  prince  of  the  foreigners  of  Erinn,  ^«'f**»^ 
and  Cuilean,  the  son  of  Echtighem,  and  four  thousand 
along  with  them,  of  the  best  of  the  foreigners  of  Erinn. 
And  Brian  foUowed  them  till  they  reached  the  D6n,® 
whereupon  was  said — 


cept  Brian's  march.  B.  reada,  Txxn- 
5(rcaT>.  goiH  ocay*  laijin  |^o6  tia 
tnaiTiceţvail)  i  ccoinne  btviain  50 
glecm-D  TTKhna.  "TheGafflandthe 
Ţjighm  came  in  advance  of  thdr  fam- 
iliee,  against  Brian  at  Glen  Mama." 

0  And  [men.  B.  reada,  Ro  ţea|i(rD 
imofiTio  eacofiţuz  cat  piilead  pic- 
XM,  ŢO\voea\i^  peorvâa,  pearwtihail, 
oiTimln,"  agatit),  ainicnfvoai  oaf" 
ccdtîVTwaTfiml.  CCcuf  a  '©«itxic,  &c. 


The  passage  which  f  oUowa  in  brackets 
from  thîs  place  tothe  laat  line  on  p.  114, 
ia  wanting  in  D.,  and  haa  been  snpplied 
firomB.  The  Izish  leader  will  percdve 
the  change  of  orthography. 

fMagh  Rath,  See  the  historical 
românce  of  the  battle  of  Magh  Bath, 
publiahed  by  the  Iiiah  Aichteological 
Society. 

B  The  Dtm:  Le.,  the  dân  or  fortiesa 
of  Ath  Cliath,  Le.,  of  Doblin. 


112 


coscroîi  saet)îiel  ae  sallccibti. 


Poetical 
celebration 
of  the 
▼Ictoiy, 


Pcroa  cm  fioai^fi  cainic  Ofiian 
O  5^inn  TîlaTna  co  hCCc-Clioc. 


'CtisiHini  ficciyi  af  a  T)ân, 

Ti^u^fam  coilcib,  rucqpam  cluni, 

'Cusfam  eic  maiue  meafia, 

If  mna  blaite  bon^eala. 
"Oo  ctii|ifioc  "Oal  cCaif  anăg 

CCn  Id  Ţixx  va  picec  că-o, 

-Socii  ai'oe  6  im^foc  ba, 

If  'oa  ccn^foc  Id  ţxroa. 

pcrocD 

TheCaatie      LXVIII,  tto  hnTOţia-fe  iTTiopţio  an  vdu  le6,  OCtlf  ţio 

pîiSdei!^   tictinse*'  oc«r  îw>  t«^  bfiian   afi  fin  a  pţx)rlon5pOTVc 

andburaed.  ifiTi  TTibaile  6  noT)laic  tn6p  co  noDlaic  bBcc.    Txinic 

lapfin  ifin  Tnafisa'B,  ocuf  ţio  loifcecrB  cm  'd6ti  tiile  teo, 

ocuf  TUfipa^aiCfiox:  cifce  lucalmain  jan  pagBdil,  atncnL 

ccfbeiix:  an  ple,  ag  inifin  fcel  an*©: — 

Coc  Slinne  TTlania  if  tndfi  mep,, 

Uî  qfitiai'De  cau  T)afi  ctufieTo, 

I3ţi|i  a  ticroa  ni  fvcc6  56, 

CC  dfia  fa  eafbcc6o. 
CC  cp^o-oacc  if  a  cfitiaf, 

CC  laernctuţie  fa  Idnluaf, 

Im-ba  Iii  506  qfidc  T)Ocaît  t», 

Cac  a^  qfiochcro  a  caile. 
CfieagDcre  if  ciofifxro  cneaf, 

8colccr6  cenT)  ccaoiti  coirh'oeaf, 

T^ioijte  comaUa,  ni  ^tiac, 

Ocuf  Idma  50  IdnltJat. 
lYn'ba  mofib  leofan  if  lib, 

■Ofteama  ccarhaib  fa  cainib, 

T)fieani  -Danafi  luam  gem  ffiitia|wn), 

^o  cfiuai^D  cega  ccombualcrD. 


Poem  on 
the  battle 
of  Glenn 
Mwnm 


1  Ath  CUath,  The  lemainder  of  this 
quatrain  la  mîiwing  in  B.,  but  space 
is  left  for  it,  aa  if  the  scribe  had 
been  nnable  to  dedpher  the  antient 


MS.  from  which  he  copied,  bat  hqped 
to  repair  the  defect  from  some  other 
source. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL.         113 

Long  was  that  roate  bj  which  Brian  came.  Poeticei 

From  Glenn  Mama  to  Ath  Cliath."»  celebration 

of  the 


▼ictory* 


We  broaght  silk  out  of  the  fortress ; 

We  bronght  bedding ;  we  broiigbt  feathen ; 

We  brought  steeds  goodlj  and  fleet, 

And  blooming  wbite  fair  women. 
The  Dai  Cais  put  to  death 

On  that  day  two  score  hundred^ ; 

Many  they  deprived  of  oows, 

And  gaye  them  a  long  daj' ! 

LONO. 

LXVIII.  The  fortress  then  was  plundered  by  them  and  TheCastie 
ransacked ;  and  Brian  at  that  time  remained  encamped  in  pţ^^Sl 
the  town  from  great  Christmas  to  little  Christmas.^     He  andbumed. 
came  then  into  the  market,  and  the  whole  fortress  was 
bumed  by    them,  and  they  left  not  a  treasnre  under 
ground  that  they  did  not  discovet.     As  the  poet  said  in 
relating  the  story  of  it — 

The  batUe  of  Glenn  Mama  was  great  and  rapid ;  p^em  on 

No  harder  battle  was  ever  fonght ; —  the  battle 

The  man  who  says  so  makes  no  false  assertion —  Mai^"^ 

For  its  slanghters  and  its  losses ; 
Its  yalonr  and  its  severity ; 

Its  championship  and  its  Aill  impetuosity ; 

Many  on  every  side  were  its  misfortunes, 

Each  party  destroying  the  other. 
Fierdng,  and  hacking  of  bodies, 

Cleaving  of  comely  and  handsome  heads, 

Feet  in  action — it  is  not  false  I — 

And  hands  in  fbll  activity. 
Many  were  the  dead  of  them  and  of  yon ; 

Crowds  in  trances  and  in  swoons ; 

Crowds  of  ready  Danars,  withoot  cessation, 

Brayely  contending  with  them. 


*Two9Corehmdrtd,  ThuseemBto 
mean  «  hnndred  times  two  score :  Le., 
4,000,  «  number  probably  exagge- 
rated. 


*  A  Umg  doji:  Le.,  spared  their  Uves 
for  some  time  longer. 

A  ChriMtmat:  Le,  fromChziitiiiasDay 
to  the  Epiphany. 

I 


IU 


coţaroti  scce-Dliel  tie  ţalUnbli. 


Yalae  of 
the  spoil 
taken. 


How  the 
wealth. 


PcpDa  T)o  baf  tume  fin 

O  maiTMTt  co  •otiî)n6nai$, 

If  ţxroa  vo  hcroficro  "oe, 

Cac  05  fnaţibcro  ac6ile. 
Rti^fccc  meic  tia  fiig  bofiac, 

Tjfi^  cat  na  tigaU  co  cnuchac, 

^ufi  ctii|ifccc  cou  ^all  co  qitiai'6, 

T^iă  coc  na  n^aoi^deal  faifix^aanD. 
*Oo  bp.ife^  an  coc  aţifin 

CC|i  ei^in  aţi  na  gallaib, 

T)a  c^  -oâcc  ni  beg  a  bîxro, 

1nnifcea|i  ann  -do  maţibat». 
Cac  TTltii^e  Tlau  fie  ceafca, 

Ho  coc  ni6fi  ÎTltuge  h6alca, 

"Moca  nînnfamail  im  ţiac, 

If  ba|iatîiail  T)on  aon  cat. 

coxti. 

LXIX.  If  e  fin  aon  lona-fi  af  ni6  a  pfiî€  •d6|i  ocuţ* 
'oaiţiccex:,  ocuf  'DfionnT)|xtiine,  ocuf  vo  leccaiB,  ocuf  tm 
jeamaiB  capitmogail,  ocuf  "do  coţinaiB  buabaill,  ocuţ* 
•DO  blei-oe-fiaiB  blaice.  Ho  non6ilOT  co  haon  lonorB  na 
feoiTx  fin  leo.  TT16|i  "ona  'DeT>ei'5iB  exaAla  ^aca  -oafia 
fţiit  ann  fOf.  *Ni  ţiaiB  imofţio  T)<jn  no  Txiinsean,  no 
no  ceall,  no  co^af,  no   neime^  vo   5aBop5 


fif  an  ngldim  njlipi^is,  njlonnTnaiTi,  nsnuifrî^ip  w 
Bî  05  ceaglaim,  octif  05  ceaccayi  na  hoDala  fin,  6ifi 
ni  yiaiBe  ipolaC  po  ralmain  in  6|iinn  ina  pd  •BiatftjwiilS 
-oifiealTO  as  pianaiB  no  05  fî«ciiiriaiB  nî  na  ptiaţiacati 
na  T)anniaf5ai§  allmaţi'Ba  injanraca  fin,  cţie  semc- 
li-becc,  ocuf  qfie  io'6ala'6fa'&.  Tn6p  'ona  vo  lîinaiB, 
ocuf  vo  macamaiB,  ocuf  T)in5eanaiB  cugoB  po  «ftaiiie, 
ocuf  po  "Bocafi  leo,]  ocup  jW)  'Dligfei;  in  ni  fin  ;  va\'s  if 


1  Dark  noan:  Le.,  midnight. 

>  GailL  The  original  words,  Gaitt, 
forrignen,  and  OaedhU,  QmA.  or  Iriah, 
aie  here  letained  beeavae  of  the  allite- 
ration  oTidently  intended  by  the  poet. 

•  Mă^h  EaUtL  No  anch  battle  is  re- 
oorded  in  the  Ixish  Aaiuda,  unleea  the 


battle  of  Clontarf  be  intended,  in  wfaidi 
af  tenraxds  Brian  felL  Clontaif  was  a 
part  of  the  antient  plain  called  Stăm 
Moigk  Ealta  Eadair,  Fonr  Hast,  A.M. 
2560. 

4  By  them:  Le.,  by  Bzian  and  hfa 
foUowen. 


WARS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  OAILL.         115 

Long  did  thej  contmne  in  this  way, 

From  the  moming  unto  the  dark  noon* ; 

Long  were  the  hoirors  continued, 

Each  partj  killing  the  other. 
The  sons  of  the  kings  made  a  brave  charge 

Throngh  the  ranks  of  the  sorrowing  Gaill' ; 

And  fiercelj  djrove  the  ranks  of  the  Gaill 

Through  the  ranks  of  the  Gaedhil  north-eastwards. 
The  battle  was  thereapon  gained 

By  force  against  the  Gidll ; 

Twelve  hundred — ^not  small  the  glory ! — 

Are  recorded  to  have  there  been  killed. 
The  battle  of  Magh  Bath,  as  it  is  described, 

Or  the  great  battle  of  Magh  Ealta,^ 

Are  not  eqnal  in  prosperous  results, 

Nor  to  be  compared  with  this  one  battle. 

The  Battlb. 

LXIX.  It  was  in  that  one  place  were  found  the  great-  Vaiue  of 
est  quantities  of  gold  and  silver,  and  bronze  [JmTidruviie],  SkeT^^ 
and  predous  stones,  and  carbuncle-gems,  and  buffalo  homSy 
and  beautifîil  goblets.     AII  these  valuables  were  coUected 
by  them*  to  one  place.     Much  also  of  various  vestures 
of  all  colonrs  was  found  there  likewise.     (For  never  was  How  the 
there  a  fortress,  or  a  fastness,  or  a  mound,  or  a  church,  or  ^^  ^^ 
a  sacred  place,  or  a  sanctuary,  when  it  was  taken  by  that  weaith. 
howling,  furious,   loathsome  crew,  which  was  not  plun- 
dered  by  the  collectors  and  accumulators  of  that  weaith. 
Neither  was  there  in  ooncealment  under  ground  in  Erinn, 
nor  in  the  vaxious  soUtudes  belonging  to  Fians  or  to 
fairîes,  any  thing  that  was  not    discovered  by  these 
foreign,  wonderful  Denmarkians,  through  pagaoism'  and 
idol  worship.)    Many  women  also,  and  boys,  and  girls, 
were  brought  to  bondage  and  ruin  by  them^ ;]  and  the 


*  Thrmgk  pagamtm.  The  meaning 
ia,  tbat  notwithttaading  the  potent 
ipel]e  emţdoyed  hy  the  Ffans  and  fai- 
iIm  ol  old  ior  the  coneealment  of 
theâr  hidden  treaeavee,  the  Danei,  by 
their  pagan  magic  and  the  diaboUcal 


power  of  their  idola,  were  enabled  to 
find  themoat 

<  Bjf  them:  i.e.,  by  Brian  and  his 

party.    D.  adds,  aivopn  Aere,  or  oh 

lAa<  ocoanon,  and  then  proeeeds  as  after 

I  the  bracket  in  the  text     The  clauee 

I2 


116 


coscroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  ţallccibh. 


The  com- 
plete inb- 
Jection  of 
the  f oreigii'- 


erii 


BriAn*8 

twenty-Aye 

battles. 

He  rwnEiiui 
«t  Dublin 
fiye  weeks. 


B*Tag«i 
Lelofter. 


ţiiu  T)aj\OTi(n)  iT»T)ocaiTiT),  octif  ificrc  ţio  infaig  iccofnum 
aq[ii£i,  ocuf  cqpofiba  pein  poţifio.  Cit)  -ona  ace  poimpo 
a  fen  ocuf  orolu'o  aTiT)fiTi  ţiif  na  ^allaib,  ocuf  ^ac  olc 
'oaţionfOT;  rajiţuif  oţifio  potnan.  TX)maif.  CCţi  in  miao 
pofiamifeT;  tk)  peaţiib  OjienT)  if  pai  ţio  iniT>eD  'ooib. 

Olc  if6n  'DO  gallaib,  imoţiţio,  ţiogenaifi  in  jilla  pin 
.1.  bţiian  mac  CenT)eT:i5.  *0ai5  ip  leip  ţiomaţibaiT^ 
tvomu'oaisiT:,  yiODilaţiipT:,  ţioDoefioiT:  ip  jvomugpanaipc 
Cona  fiabî  cdrclec  6  beinT)  e^aiţi  co  'Cec  •Ouin'o 
lafin&pinT)  ^an  gali  inT)anxi  pai|i,  ocup  naţiab  bpo  gaii 
gaillpig.  Ck)na|iba  ni  fii  mac  oclai^  no  oc^ipţinT)  vo 
goeDelaib  <n)0|inT)  im  ptiipc  no  im  opaifi  ele  aţi  cal- 
mam, ocup  ni  moba  ni  pe  mna  n<  'oopn'o  im  meii  bpoti, 
no  puni  bappni,  no  mp  a  hăraig,  abc  ţall  no  ^aillpec 
T)anenam. 

[LXX.  Câicc  cafea  picer  in  po  cpe^Dob  a  rcaoiB  po- 
T)ein,  appe^  po  ppaoin  bpian  poppa,  ţup  in  cca6  in  po 
mapba*  ep6in,  jeniţioca  T)eBfea  ap£ena.  Ro  bai  itn- 
moppo  bpian  annpin  o  noDlcnc  m6p  50  p6il  bpi|T)6. 
Ro  hinT)pa5  tai^in  leip  aSc  bece,  ocup  po  gaB  bpai|T)e, 
ocup  po  loipccea-b  Coill  Comaip  leip,  ocup  po  leopofi, 
ocup  po  pei'Bi^e'B  beilge  ocup  "oainsne  leip.    Ro  elo  itn- 


deacribing  bow  the  Danea  came  by  their 
great  wealth  Î4  a  parenthetical  digres- 
rion,  after  which  the  nairatiye  retams 
to  the  spoil  taken  by  the  Tictorioas 
Brian  and  hia  followen. 

^  DeaervetL  B.  reads,  ocup  th) 
■oti^oc  piâm  in  ni  pin  oiyi  ipicpo 
501II  |M)  lonnpcnţ  icro  -oo  6opnaiti 
a  cqfi16e,  ocup  a  ix)tvba  ■oilip 
pein  irfim  :  "  And  they  had  d»- 
■erved  that  treatment,  for  the  foreign- 
ers  had  begmi  the  attack  to  contest 
with  them  their  own  coimtiy  and 
their  beloved  lawfnl  inheritance.**  In 
the  OM  of  <Aiy  and  ikem  both  MSS.  are 
somewhat  confused,  meaning  by  thoee 
prononna  eometimee  the  Iriah,  some- 
timea  the  Danea,  or  other  foreigners. 
To  avoid  this  conAiaion,  a  alight  liberty 
haa  been  takan  in  the 


by  snbetitating  "  tke  forfignerf  for 

*  Tkt  rupecL  Theee  worda,  to  the 
end  of  the  paragraph,  are  omittBd 
in  B. 

'  IU  luck.  B.  reada,  Otc  imoritio 
an  p6n  "do  jgallccib  in  ta  ţio  genatfi 
in  ptle  pin :  '*  Bad  waa  the  Inck  of 
the  foreignera  on  the  day  when  that 
yonth  waa  bom." 

^  Exterminated.  B.  reada,  ocoptU) 
•Diloicixicchic. 

s  WuuKwing  ahset  CoiUed,  B^ 
"  an  old  woman." 

0  Weitem  Erimu  B.  reada,  in  lOfi- 
ta\\.  &Tvent>,  **in  the  west  of  EriuB," 
bat  the  other  reading,  no  lofi  nCium», 
ia  giyen  aa  a  gloia  in  O'Cleiy'a  hand 
orer  theae  worda.  Fkom  Bemi  Edair 
[now  Howth],  to  Tech  Didon  [aa 


WARS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


117 


foTeigners  had  deserved'  that  treatment,  because  by  them 
the  provocation  had  been  given,  and  they  had  been  the 
aggressors  to  contest  with  them  [Le.,  wiih  Brian  and 
his  followera]  their  own  country  and  their  lawfdl  in- 
heritance.  However,  their  good  luck  and  fortune  then 
tumed  against  the  foreigners,  and  all  the  evils  they  had 
hitherto  inflîcted  were  now  fully  avenged  on  them.  For 
the  respect*  which  they  had  measured  to  the  men  of  Erinn, 
was  by  the  samQ  standard  now  measured  to  themselves. 

111  luck'  was  it,  however,  for  the  foreigners  when  that  The  com- 
youth  was  bom,  viz.,  Brian,  the  son  of  Cenneidigh ;  for  it  ^^J^ 
was  by  him  they  were  killed,  destroyed,  exterminated,^  thefwrfgn- 
enslaved,  and  bondaged.     So  that  there  was  not  a  win-  ^^ 
nowîng  sheet^  from  Benn  Edair  to  Tech  Duinn,  in  west- 
ern Erinn,^  that  had  not  a  foreigner  in  bondage  on  it,  nor 
was  there  a  quem  without  a  foreign  woman.'    So  that  no 
son^  of  a  soldier  or  of  an  officer  of  the  Qaedhil  deigned 
to  put  his  hand  to  a  flail,  or  any  other  labour  on  earth ; 
nor  did  a  woman^  deign  to  put  her  hands  to  the  grinding 
of  a  quem,  or  to  knead  a  cake,  or  to  wash  her  dothes,  but 
had  a  foreign  man  or  a  foreign  woman^^  to  work  for  them. 

[LXX.  Five  and  twenty  battles,  in  which  their  own  Bxian's 
sides  were  pierced,  did  Brian  gain  over  them,  induding  JJ[S2!'*^* 
the  battle  in  which  he  himself  was  killed,  besides  sundry 
skirmishes.    Brian  remained  in  that  place  from  great  He  nnudiis 
Christmas"  tiU  the  festival   of  Brigit.     Laighin    wasj^^^^ 
ravaged  by  him,  except  a  small  portion,  and  he  took  hos- 
tages ;  and  Coill  Comair  was  bumed  by  him,  and  hewn  Raragei 
down,  and  passages  and  fortresses  deared  by  him.  But  Am-  ^'«»**«'- 


ialand  ofiF  the  south-westem  point  of 
Keny],  wms  eridently  a  luiud  mode  of 
deecribing  the  soathem  half  of  IreUnd. 

'  Forâgn  woman.  In  the  original, 
ffttUbech.  A  quem  \b  a  stone  hand- 
mill  still  nsed  in  many  parts  of  Ireland. 

>  No  ton.  Conaţi  bo  ni  te  mac 
6octai5  no  oiccci^eittn,  B. 

9  A  vxtman.  tliţ),  bo  ni  ie  mnaoi 
a  lârh  im  mele  bţvdn  no  im  {mine 
baiti^ne,  B, 


^^  Forâgn  iDoman,  Lit,  ^*AgaIlor 
a  gaUlflech.**  ţall  ocuy  gaitljpech 
T>a  •oenaifi,  B.  *Danenam  in  D.  is 
forTianTienam.  Heieanother  portion 
of  the  text  (chaps.  Ixz.  to  flnt  paia- 
graph  of  chap.  IxxiL  im^)  ia  inpplied 
from  B.  in  oonaeqnence  of  an  imper- 
fection  in  D.,  from  the  lofls  of  a  leal 

u  From  great  Chrulmat:  Le.,  from 
December  25  to  Febmary  1,  indoaiye. 
I  See  p.  113,  note  <. 


118 


cosoroti  scce-otiel  tie  salLaibîi. 


Amkffflies 
toUlflter. 


Snbmits  tx> 
Biian. 


Captare 
of  Mad- 
mordha, 
kingof 
Ldnster. 


Brian's 
trittmphant 
retum 
home. 


Brian's 
lebellion 
agalxist 
MaiciLMch- 
laîim,  Ung 
of  Ireland, 
A.D.  1002. 

A  moath*s 

trace 

agraedto. 


tnoţiţio  OCiifilaiB  |ii  ^all  ill6  ati  caca,  ocuf  ţio  fiacc  ay 
gac  lOTioD  T)eif  aceile  co  ţiia&:  co  htlllxni.  *Oo  ciiaf 
itnTno|xţio  o  bţiian  ina  "biai^,  ocuf  ni  puaiţi  ation  ace 
CCoh,  TIO  ace  G^ocai'fe,  50  xxaiTiic  hi  cech  bţiiain  hi  ccinn 
naice  lapatîi,  octif  cuc  abjieic  pein  vo  bţiian,  ocuf  cuce 
Opian  a  Un  T>oîX)rft. 

LXXI.  Ho  gab  imofiţio  bţiian  ÎTlaolTnoix'fea  mac  TTluţx- 
cha5a  all6  an  caca  ţieirfie  in  luBaîicai'fie,  ocuf  ife  THuţi- 
cha5  cuce  af  an  luBaţi  'oa  aim^eâm  h6,  ocuf  bai  hilldiih 
occ  bţiian  5U|i  jaB  bţiai^DO  Lai^en  uile.  Ho  hoff laicce* 
T)e  ajifin,  ocuf  cucca5  b|wii§T>e  Laifeen  t)6,  ocuf  ţu> 
hai6nîoTO'5  *Oonncha5  mac  *Ooiţ»naill  Claoin  neitfte. 

Trainic  iinoTvpo  brvtar,  va  h^h  laririn,  50  T^^c 
foiAenmnac,  ocuf  co  cofccyiach  commai'Bmec  amoit 
ba  minic  laif.  Ife^  înnific  lucc  pepa,  ocup  fenchupa 
conac  ţiaiBe  U|xţiaiT)h  "opepaiB  Ulutţjan  -Don  cpluaiţe^ 
fin  gan  otbaţi  a€i5heT>haif  leif  'd6|i  ocuf  Daipccecx; 
ocup  'oeccafi  T)aca,  ocup  T)a  gac  lonniîiafp  aţiEena ;  coniT) 
T)a  poifigell  fin  t>o  foncrB  an  T)uan. 

LXXII.  *Oo  fona^  mof  fluaiss'B  Leice  ÎTlo^a  uil© 
le  Oţiian  lapfin  ecif  s^llae  ocuf  gaoi'5ela  co  ţiiacu 
'Cemţiaig  na  yiio^,  ocuf  fo  cuiţie^  cecca  uota  co  TTlael- 
ecloinn  mac  *Ooiftnaill  co  \ii  'CeAfaS,  ocuf  po  fiţxic 
bţungDe  paiţi  no  ca€  muna  aencai'fee^  bfai§T>e,  octif 
cucca*  afofea  vo  Hlaoileflainn  'oiBfin.]  Ho  fiţi,  imoţiţu), 
TTloelfeclainT)  cafDi  mîf  'oo  fi  com&noil  Le€i  CuinT), 
ocuf  cugaD  in  cafoi  fin  v6  can  cfeic  can  infOD  can 
aif^ni  5an  fogail  can  poflofcuT),  ocuf  bfian  in  pof- 
longpofc  pfi  fin  fe  fin  i  'Cempaic. 


1  With  Aedh:  Le.,  Amlafi;  the  Dan- 
ioh  king,  waa  noi  reoeived  by  Aedh, 
or  Hngh  O'Neill,  the  chief  of  the 
Ulaidf  or  northem  UUtermen,  nor  by 
Eochaidh,  the  chieftain  of  the  East  of 
Ulster,  to  whom  he  had  fled  for  pro- 
tection. 

s  Bouse:  i.e.  aabmitted  to  Brian.  See 
p.  123,  line  a 

>  Hitforirttt:  Le.,  his  dânor  fortie» 
of  DnbliiL 


*  MunÂadh :  Le.,  Maichadh  or  Mor* 
rogb,  son  of  Brian.  BCaelmordhay  or 
Maelmâra,  eon  of  Murchadh  [jLe., 
of  a  different  and  older  Murchadh], 
waa  the  king  of  Leinster,  and  brother 
of  Gormlath,  Biian's  third  wife. 

0  Tke  poem.  Meaning  apparaitly 
the  poem  given  above  in  chap.  IxviiL 

^  MaeltechkUmn.  Hereweretazntothe 
text  of  D.  B.  reads,  ocup  jio  pip^op- 
coifi  ÎTlaelpeâloifiTi  caifvoe  mîf. 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL.  119 

kibli,  king  of  the  foreigners,  fled  on  the  day  of  the  batiJe,  Amlaff  file» 
and  went  from  one  place  to  anotber,  until  he  came  to  the  ^        ' 
Ulaid.  But  he  wsa  pursued  by  Brian's  orders ;  and  he  found 
not  shelter  with  Aedh,^  nor  with  Eoohaidh;  so  that  he  SabmHsto 
came  into  Brian's  house*  in  a  quarter  of  a  year  after,  and  *'**"' 
submitted  to  Brian*s  own  terms,  and  Brian  restored  his 
fortress'  to  him. 

LXXI.  Brian  captured  also  Maelmordha,  son  of  Mur-  Captan 
chadh,  on  the  day  of  the  aforesaid  battle,  conoealed  în  a  mo^ih«r 
yew  tree ;  and  it  was  Murchadh^  that  fordbly  dra^ed  lâng  of 
him  out  of  the  tree ;  and  he  continued  in  oaptivity  with 
Brian  until  Brian  received  the  hostages  of  all  Tiaighin. 
He  was  then  liberated,  and  the  hostages  of  Tjaîghin  were 
given  to  him,  and  Donnchadh,  son  of  Domhnall  doen, 
WBB  dethroned  for  him. 

Brian  now  retumed  to  his  home  after  this,  cheer- Brianta 
fiilly,  in  good  spirits,  victbriously  and  triumphantly,  as  ^^'*"* 
was  his  wont.     Men  of  leaming  and  historians  say  that  houAi 
there  was  not  a  yeoman  of  the  men  of  Mumhain  on  that 
expedition  who  had  not  received  enough  to  fumish  his 
house  with  gold  and  silver,  and  cloth  of  colour,  and  all 
kinds  of  property  in  like  manner.     And  it  was  to  oom- 
memorate  this  the  poem^  was  made. 

LXXII.  A  great  expeditipn  of  all  LethMogha,  both  QailI  BrUn^s 
and  Gaedhil,  was  afterwards  made  by  Brian,  until  they  î^ainat" 
reached  Temhair  of  the  kings ;  and  messengers  were  sent  Maebedi- 
from  them  to  Maelsechlainn,  son  of  Domhnall,  king  of  oHreU^ 
Temhair,  and  they  demanded  hostages  firom  him,  or  battle,  ^^'  ^<^- 
shoidd  he  refuse  hostages,  and  Maelsechlainn  was  given 
his  choice  of  these.]    Maelsechlainn,®  however,  requested  A  month's 
a  month*s  delay  to  muster  Leth  Chiinn ;  and  that  delay  was  ^^  to. 
given  to  him^,  durîng  which  no  plunder  or  ravage,  no 
destruction  or  trespass,  or  buming,  was  to  be  inâicted 
npon  him.    And  Brian  remained  encamped®  during  that 
tîme  in  Temhair. 

^Tokm,    B.  omit8T)o,"tohim.**     i  Brian  was  ia  Temhair  [i.e.,  Tara], 
^Encamptd.    B.  reada,  octi|^  bfiiom  {  doring  that  time;^*  viz.,  during  the 
1  cT^mţiaig  ifţwţ*  an  p.e  Ţ\n :    "  And  '  tîme  of  the  truce. 


120 


coBCCOli  ^ae-otiel  ne  ţalLcnbîi. 


Mftdaech-       1ţ^  ipn  comaţili  va  fioncro  la  TTloelfeclainT)  airofein 


lAiim*s 


em 


hâmy  to  S^^^oc  Ck)Tn5aill  Ua  8lebin,  oUum  tUcro,  ocuf  in  ruaif- 

^!«^»g»o*ceifw;  apcena  vo  ctifi  aţi  ceiro  CCeDa  U  "Neillţii  CCeliţ, 

Cornuui^t  octif  aţi  ceriT)  eoccroa  tnic  CCţi-osail  fii  Ulcro,  ocuf  ixcca 

ele  aţi  ceiro  Cârceii  mic  Concubccfi  ţii  Conacr,  ocuf  tki 

nfTxiif  Le€  CuiiTO  co  heTimemnaC  leofen  coc  ţeţigac 

ţefiamail  vo  iabaiţi^;  x>o  bţiian,  ocuf  t>o  Lei€  tnoga, 

octif  foifi'oacr;  'Cetnfiac  vo  cofnutn  ţiiti.    TTleTii  cifciţ* 

fin,  imoţiţio,  "DO  cofntini  faiţi'oate  "CeniţiaC,  ba  M   a 

cotnafili  bfiajn  tk)  cabanxc  vo  bfiian,  "oaig  n<  W  aco- 

mains  te€i  TU 05a  vo  ţiefcal  aci  feom  a  enuţi,  oca-p 

niyi  ba  naiyii  DOfom  can  'Cemţioig  va  cofntitn  ol-oaf 

•DO  clannaib  Weill,  ocuf  vo  faeţiclannaib  Le€i  CtiinT) 

cqfifiena. 

Giiu  LXXIII.  Ck)ni'D  ax\v  vo  ţiosni  ^illa  Comgaill  Ua 

O'sfJ^'  Slebin  in  -ouanfa  1  gfiefa&c  CCeDa  Ua  NeilU  ocuf  15a 

pocticai      sîiifcro  vo  Tîabaiţix:  coBa  vo  bţiian — 

«ddresB  to 

CC  DubiiaT)  fiib  vvl  ţxxoeaf , 

Ufilain  leif  ac  ttn^ea^  hf 

"Oo  -oaboiT)  ţie  ce^Hac  Tkcil, 

"Oa  fiiacu  6  'Cemfiaig  ţxil  pf. 
Poroa  ţie  bOfiinT),  CCet, 

CC  cfiaeb  Gebinx)  an-o  ti  tliall, 

Co  cofi^ba  Let  Ctiin-o  aţi  coifi, 

Co  coificea  uuinT)  mbţioin  ayi  bţiion. 
benacca  ţ»fi  nOţienT)  ofic, 

Ha  leic  lonna  lebenT)  leac, 

Hw  iza  6fi  fâil  oii  no6c, 

Ctifi  1  bţion  -DO  bfiepnai^  bale. 


Aedh 
O'NeilL 


1  PoeL  B.  omits  the  docription, 
'*the  poet  of  the  UUid  and  of  aU  the 
north«** 

s  Shovld  came.  B.  nada,  ocuţ  T>a 
rooţ^ai|*  let  CniTifi  tiiie  tei|*  mcqfi 
pn  00  ha6n  lonoro,  ocuf  co  ha6n 
TnenTniia£,  if  cat  no  beţicro  tk) 
btviom,  ocor  th)  leit  Tîlo^a,  ocuj* 
faeţitaic  'Cemţva  "do  6opicci1i  fnaţx 
fin ;  ociif  mutia  ciofcaif  w)  6of- 


ncnti  faoî|ifi  na  t^emţuic.  "And 
if  all  Leth  Cniim  shonld  oome  with 
them  to  one  place  and  with  <me  mind, 
then  to  give  battle  to  Brian  and  to 
Leth  Mogha,  and  to  omtend  for  tha 
freedom  of  Temhair  in  like  manner; 
but  if  they  shonld  not  come  to  defend 
the  freedom  of  Temhair,  &c" 

*JBeoaufe.    B.  reads,  «0615  ni  borf 
aqponng  t>Tiicnn  ocvf  leite  Tnoga 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


121 


The  oounsel  that  MaeLsechlaiim  adopted  on  this  occasion 
was  to  send  GillaComgaill  O'SIebhin,  the  poet*  of  theUlaid, 
and  of  all  the  north,  to  Aedh  O'Neill,  king  of  Ailech,  and 
to  Eochaidh,  son  of  Ardgal,  king  of  the  Ulaid,  and  another 
messenger  to  Cathal,  son  of  Conchobhar,  king  of  Con- 
nacht ;  and  if  the  Leth  Cuinn  should  come'  unanimousiy 
with  these,  then  to  give  a  ftirious  and  manly  battle  to 
Brian  and  the  Leth  Mogha,  and  to  contend  for  the  free- 
dom  of  Temhair  with  them.  But  should  they  not  come 
to  defend  the  freedom  of  Temhair,  the  counsel  he  adopted 
waa  to  give  hostages  to  Brian,  because'  he  had  not  the 
power  by  himself  to  meet  the  Leth  Mogha ;  and  it  was  not 
more  disgraceful  for  him  not  to  contend  for  the  freedom 
of  Temhair  than  it  was  for  the  Clann  Neill,  and  all  the 
other  clanns  of  Leth  Cuinn  as  well 

LXXIIL  And  it  was^  on  that  occasion  that  Qilla  Com- 
gaill  O'Slebhin  made  this  poem,  urging  Aedh  O'Neill, 
and  inciting  him  to  give  battle  to  Brian — 

Ye  have  been  requîred  to  go  southward ; 
Beady  too  at  Lis  Luigheach, 
To  battle  with  the  House  of  Tal ; 
From  Temhair  of  Fal  bas  come  the  message. 

Long  does  it  seem  to  Erinn,  O  Aedh, — 
O  delightftd  tree— head  of  the  (^Neill, 
XJntil  thoa  restorest  Leth  Cuinn  to  its  right — 
Untîl  thon  bring  a  wave  of  woe  npon  Brian. 

The  blessings  of  the  men  of  Erinn  upon  thee ; 
Let  not  a  coward  in  the  field  go  with  thee ; 
On  thee  is  all  oor  hope  to-night — 
Dispel  its  sorrow  from  the  strong  Magh  Breagh. 


Mtelaech- 

laixm'8 

embtfliyto 

thekingBof 

Ulsterand 

Connan^t. 


Offla 

Comgmill 

O'Slebhin's 

poedcal 

addreasto 

Aedh 

O'NeflL 


XX)  6>fcc  aioce  a  aeiioţi,  octif  x\\ 
md  ba  iiâf\  T>oyx>tfi  gom  'Ceifionfi  no 
tfjŢCC  iTid  -DO  âtannaib  tlâilX:  "be- 
caiue  he  had  no  power  by  himself  to 
resitt  Brian  and  the  Leth  Mogha,  and 
it  was  not  more  diagracefol  for  him 
not  to  defend  Tara  than  it  was  to  the 
clann  Neill,  &c" 
<  And  it  woâ,    The  whole  of  this  sec- 


tion,  indnding  the  poem,  is  omitted  in 
B. ;  where  we  read  here  "Do  ţioifie  an 
pil  a  tecT^cnţie^c  amoil  ay*  ţeţif\ 
TU>ţ6cpp.ihGC^h.  GCfbeţvctmoti- 
TU)  GCo^  6  tleiU,  7c :  "The  poet  did 
his  message  as  best  he  oonld  for  the  In- 
formation of  Aedh.  Then  Aedh  0*NeiU 
answered,  &c.,**  as  in  chap.  Ixziv. 


122 


cosoroîi  saet)tiel  ae  salLccibti. 


CCţi  bai5  goe-oel  jeib  vo  fcictc 

Co  fin  oenpefi  ţ^ţigei*  cac, 

Wa  leic  co|i  'Cemţia  i  cech  mOfiiam, 

lc[f]elba  bai  biaiT)  co  bţvou. 
bjiacaţi  T)tiic  ÎDaelfeclaiTiT), 

3eţvc  fiuţi  T)tiic  in  mocaiţi  Dan  mac, 

T)âna  Debaiî)  timpi  a  CCct), 

Com  "oiitais  T)oib  'Cemaiyi  Oţiec  mbatc. 
Wacafbefiac  eacrixainx)  uaib, 

CiT)  T)ecmatn5,  "oânrafi  baţi  fît, 

TTlini  fiucop,  fie  baţi  fie, 

"Ml  'p.ucca'D  ţTfii  ţie  na  cfiic. 
CofnaiT)  'Cemaifx,  q^en  bayi  ţ»iT)m, 

CC  Ţ&o  [^ieg.  peDnaib]  HeiH  neţic  baf\  nDUftifi'Oy 

IJa  jvaecam  a  lef  bayi  ngaiţiim, 

Ml  T)ef  lib  anim  eaccpxmT)  tJijxnT). 
CCfiT)  506  oenrti,  blot^lon  blaic, 

Cam  cac  cliou  byiauafi  moD  btiaiT), 

8ona  fie  cumafc  cac  cuie, 

pofirall  cac  tiilc  ilaţi  fluaig. 
1p  câmpean  if  cofiu  T)tiib, 

Cen  gub  "oain^ean,  •oul  co  Ofiian, 

Ha  legiT)  in  mallma^  -oo  neoc, 

TTlilif  a  T)eod  if  a  bioD. 
beififio  ctjafcefic  Cfien-o  lec, 

CCeD  fiif  a  nefi^enî)  cac  locc, 

beţieD  vo  celi  in  lec  ceaf , 

Ma  lâgiT)  bofi  leaf  vo  lor. 
befiei)  Oocu  utm  cian, 

Ulcu  uli,  afiî)  in  T)am. 

beţiiD  Cacal  cecac  coiţi, 

CtJceT)  feţi  nOilnegmadc  nan. 
Cfiiţ  |ief  na  fluogaib  ftiaf, 

'CyiĂnaig  if  cfiuaDai^  a  fâif, 

ÎDa  T)a  necaif  ţvaâaiT)  cdc, 

bac  ţ^fiDi  co  bţio^  THX  heif . 


1  I%3f  iroCfter :  Le.,  near  relative. 
Maelfechlalnn  was  his  nephew,  hie 
eister's  eon. 

*7^:  Le.,  Maelmirhlainn  and  hta 
mother. 


*It:  TUL,  Temhair  or  Tanu     ' 
temi :"  Le.,  noi  of  Uie  hoose  of  O^NeOL 

^Behoem  $(m:  Le.,  between  thae 
(Aedh)  and  Maelaechlaiim. 

^JHggraoe»    Lit.  '^Diegrace  of  ex- 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


123 


For  the  sake  of  the  Gaedhil  take  thj  shield 

Against  that  one  man  who  injures  all ; 

Let  not  the  hill  of  Temhair  come  into  Brian's  house — 

With  those  who  now  possess  it  let  it  be  for  evor. 
Maelsechlainn  is  thj  brother^ ; 

Thj  beloved  sister  is  the  mother  whose  son  he  is ; 

Make  batile  for  her,  O  Aedh ! 

Thej^  have  equal  right  to  strong  Temhair,  of  Breagh. 
Let  not  extems  earry  it'  awaj  f rom  jou ; 

However  difficult,  let  peace  be  made  between  you^ ; 

If  not  carried  awaj  in  yonr  time 

It  shall  not  be  carried  away  until  the  time  of  the  end. 
Defend  Temhair,  mightj  be  your  exertion  I 

Ye  danns  of  NiaU,  by  the  strength  of  your  hands — 

Let  ns  not  require  to  caii  you ; 

It  is  not  honourable  to  you  that  extems  should  disgraoe^  us. 
Noble  is  every  unîon — glorious,  renowned ; 

Beantiful  every  brother-battle  if  it  be  a  victory ! 

Prosperons  by  combiniug  is  each  part ; 

Powerful  against  all  evil  is  a  numerous  army. 
The  policy  that  is  most  proper  for  yon, 

Although  not  strong,  is  to  go  against  Brian ; 

Sorrender  not  the  soft  plain^  to  any  man — 

Sweet  are  its  drink  and  its  meat 
Bring  thou  the  north  of  Erinn  with  thee, 

O  A.edh,  who  art  foUowed  by  all  parties ; 

Let  thy  comrade'  bring  with  him  the  sonthem  half; 

SufTer  not  your  interests  to  be  destroyed. 
Let  Eochaidh  bring — ^long  the  march — 

All  the  Ulaîd — a  noble  company ; 

Let  Cathal,  the  warlike,  the  just,  bring 

The  province  of  the  illustrious  men  of  Olnegmacht. 
Rise  up  thou  before  the  armies, 

Strengthen  and  harden  their  ranks ; 

If  thou  wilt  go,  all  others  will  go, 

Thou  shalt  be  the  better  of  it  ever  afler. 


terna  [Le.,  of  Brian  andhisparty]  upon 
118  ÎB  not  honourable  [Ut,  handiome, 
pleasant]  to  yovL" 
0  J^ft  pîain.     Meaning  Breagh  or 


Bregia,  the  rich  plain  în  which  Tem- 
hair or  Tara  stood. 

7  Comrade  :    viz.,    MaelsechIauuL 
The  k«t  word  of  this  line  waa  origin- 


124 


coscron  scceDîiel  tie  ţalLcnbli. 


CC  mic  "Oomnaill  tia  Heill  naif, 
PtJil  ţofimlaitiT)  •ooTigiieiTi  ic  SîWf , 
CC|i  CI  "Cemfia  -otaic  ocaîf, 
bete  yii  CfveTiT)  ace  co  fiif. 

HoTnaiTiT)  co  bntcm  bţioga  CtJiyic, 
CCyi  ţ^ţicmT)  Ooga  vo  loc, 
Cfii^  ţvomaiTiT),  efipiin  leac, 
Wa  bac  biD  anim  6|ienT)  oţic. 

CC  CCeD  mic  "Oomnaill  o  Weill, 
Snm  ayi  coţiblaitiT)  'Cemţia  pail, 
beţiiţi  ciţi  CCi|ic  Oetipi-p.  o  b|iian, 
biT)  ^lall  gac  oen-pifi  ic  laim. 

bac  lan  fvi  Cfien-o  aţi  cecc, 
tJa  cleadc  vo  leben-o  "oo  Gu|ic, 
Uaifi  na6  cacaifi  caţilaig  o|ic, 
Ma  leic  cnoc  Caiţimaic  "oo  Cti|ic. 

Cofvaic  in  fluage-o  aţi  fiice 
TTlijfice|icai5  na  ţiuoD^al  ţaţvc, 
CC  lefcfiaib  ţlaine  fioc  necc, 
TTîini  fai^e  faigpeafi  o|ic. 

Wa  ţrjfiicoil  ţ»in  fiţi  im  ceţic, 

bem  in  ^^15  «^^  X^^B  ^^  P'^^» 

biT)  ca6  ţ?fiicolef  -oo  bein, 

If  uaiflm  clann  WeiU  cac  nific. 

"Oa  cifcaif  "00  cltjfa  1  cein, 
TTîafi  -oa  ctiaroaf  a  tia  WeiH  ndif., 
MibaD  -DeboT)  lec  in  naall, 
*Oani  in  fltiag  im  'Cemaifi  pail. 

O  ţi6  Coţimaic  o  cuin-o  Coiţi, 
^f  -Doib  caplaic  in  cofi  ciaţi, 
CCcc  C1C  cac  a  anam  em, 
tli  T>aUxrD  ţi6c  HeiH  op.  HiaU. 


ally  written  T>eaf  in  the  MS.,  and  U 
oorrected  apporently  by  the  original 
acribe  toceaf.* 

1  NoNe.  TheMS.  baa  nonf  (of  Naaa?) 
which  oaght  perhapa  to  be  nonţVi  noble. 
O'Niall  is  ao  called  in  thia  page  (line 
26),  and  dratU  qfIrtUmd,  Une  1.  Bnt 
the  zhymeia  in  iavonr  of  natf . 

*  Bmgk.  Thia  word  eignifies  a  fort, 
or  chieft«in*B  reridenoe.    By  ^' Corcea 


Brngh**  ia  here  meant  Caahel ;  ao  caUad 
from  Corc,  son  of  Lugaidh,  who  waa 
khig  of  Caahei  in  the  time  of  St.  Pa- 
trick,  and  waa  the  flrat  to  make  Caahel 
the  rqyal  reâdenoe. 

^Ofeoenffnam.  In  the  Iiîah  Ooi^. 
There  ia  a  pUy  npon  worda  here  that 
cannotberepresented  inthetrandation. 
The  word  ooi/er,  gen.  oe^,  aigniflea 
literallyoiM  hmm,  taiîciif,  iiMndmaL  Art, 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


125 


O  son  of  Domlmall,  grandaon  of  Niall,  the  noble,' 

The  brîght  sheen  of  the  sun  illamines  thee, 

Since  thoa  art  intent  npon  Temhair  for  thyself 

Thoa  shalt  be  king  of  Erinn  if  thou  wilt  bat  come. 
Lead  us  against  Brian  of  Corc's  Brngh,' 

On  Lngaidh's  land  be  thj  ravaging ; 

Gro  thoa  before  ns — alaughter  attend  thee — 

Let  Dot  the  disgrace  of  Erinn  be  npon  thee. 
O  Aedh,  son  of  Domhnall,  grandson  of  Niall, 

Sit  thou  on  the  glorioos  tower  of  Temhair-Fail, 

Wrest  the  land  of  Art  Oenfer  from  Brian, 

Let  the  hostage  of  every  man'  be  in  thy  hands. 
Thoa  shalt  be  fnll  king  of  Erinn  bj  coming 

Let  not  thy  platform  [i.e.  Tara]  become  accostomed  to  Lorc,^ 

Since  no  reproach  attaches  to  thee, 

Yidd  not  CormacV  Hill  to  Corc.« 
Direct  the  army  in  the  track 

Of  Moirchertach  of  the  red  prowess ; 

In  vesselâ  of  glass  he  ha«  washed  thee^ ; 

Unless  thoa  advance,  thoa  shalt  be  advanced  apon. 
Serve  not  thou  thyself  a  man  of  right ; 

Strike  the  king,  ezcept  the  sapreme  king ; 

Let  all  be  in  vassalage  ander  thy  stroke ; 

Nobler  are  the  race  of  Niall  than  any  might. 
If  thy  renown  shall  spread  afar, 

As  I  haye  said,  O  descendant  of  Niall  the  brave ! 

The  shoat  will  not  be  a  contest  against  thee 

Wbich  is  raised  by  the  hosts  around  Temhair-Fail. 
From  the  time  of  Cormac,  grandson  of  jast  Conn, 

To  bis  race  belongs  this  western  hiU ; 

Bnt  each  man  gave  bis  ready  life ; 

Niall's  fort  was  not  taken  from  Niall. 


kingof  Iieland,  A.D.  220,  son  of  Connof 
the  himâred  battleB,  was  snnuuned  Oen- 
fer, becftnse  he  was  the  only  sumving 
son  of  hîB  father.  The  meaning,  there- 
fore,  is,  ^  Wrest  from  Brian  the  landa  of 
king  Art  Om/erf  [Le.,  the  kingdom  of 
Ireland]  and  let  the  hoetage  of  every 
oaiţ/er  [Le.,  of  every  individual]  be  in 
thy  hand."  beţviţi  in  the  preceding 
line  is  prohably  a  mîstake  for  beţiiT). 


^  Lmx,  or  Lorc :  Le.,  to  Leinster ;  so 
called  from  Loeghaire  Lorc  of  the  Liffey, 
king  of  Ixtdand,  A.M.  8649. 

•  Cormae^s.  Over  the  word  Cai|\- 
mcnc  in  the  MS.  a  coeval  hand  haa 
written  "  vel  Cormaic,"  the  more  nsosl 
spelling. 

0  Corc :  Le.,  to  Mnnster.  See  note  *, 
p.124. 

7  Wa$h€d  (Aee.    This  seems  a  pro- 


126 


coBcroti  scce'otiel  ne  salLccibti. 


Cac  |ii  ţio  5ab  ^ţiint)  oaib, 

Oafi  cticm  coelbiiTo  clainni  HeiU, 

Wi  ciacc  ra|i  beţinait)  neic  "otiib, 

CCf  cac  n|i  i  'Cemfiaic  qfiein. 
tla  leicfitj  ofir  na  bob  cac, 

Hic  peoil  rfioir  -oa  coif  no  Deoc, 

CC  bui  rfii  Cacal  na  coc, 

Ha  leic  cec  ccctap.  tdo  neoc. 
Wi  benpiam  bec  51  bec  moţi, 

If  afi  T)e5blaT)  ceic  vo  Ofticm, 

Ci  bec  menmcm  lint)  a  fifro, 

If  nd|i  n^eng  fen  Vemifiat  fiaţi. 
8anrai5  pu  Ltimneac  na  lonj 

CCfiT)ai5  -feo  conoD  ctimnead  cnro, 

5efeD  |iirfti  Li^  Luific, 

'Cticfti  Cafel  Cuific  va  cinT). 
Ifcif  [vel  iţxic]  mac  "omgbala  "06, 

TU  a  "Din^bala  Ier  fiecla, 
,  ÎTlat)  ru  baf  -oe  "oe  nac  Toait, 

biT)  leu  uli  m  mait  lua. 

a  "oub. 

ThereftiMi     LXXIV.  CCfbetiT:,  imofiţu),  CCeD  Ua  Weill  in  can  boi 

t4^     T:eTnaiii  accofom  .1.  ic  Cenel  eosoin,  fia  coroinrer  a 

fxiiţii,  ocuf  inci  ica  micro  "oa  cofncro   a  faiţii,  ocup 

CCf  beţie  na6  cibţier)  a  anmain  1  cenT)  caua  ţo  lamaib 

*Oalcaif  T)o  cofnccm  ţiigi  -00  neoc  ele.    If  aiţifin  ţio 

Caiţiif  leo. 

BfadBech-       •Qa  fiofic  in  feţi  7)0010  co  TTIailfeclain'D,  ocuf  aqper; 

ÎSSÎT*'  îi«  rce^«  Pîi  -oo.    lîTi  cornaţat  'oa  ţiopii  maelfec- 

petBon»  and  toinT),  VO  luiT)  fei)  CO  T^ttc  OCeî)a  Ua  T^eilU  ocuf  bai 

offen  to 

xesignluB      

CTOwn. 


yerbial  expreasion,  eqnivalent  to  oor 
proverb  of  "  dwelling  in  glaas  houses. " 
But  over  the  word  necc,  "  waahing," 
in  A  coeyal  hand,  are  written  the 
letters  ţic  in  the  MS.,  probably  to 
indicate  another  reading,  Tie|\u, 
"strength,** — "in  Tessela  of  glaas  ia 
thy  Btrength.**  But  qo.  ? 
1  Over  a  pap:  Le.,  not  one  of  you 


obtained  the  sovereîgntj  by  any  bye» 
way  or  treacheiy. 

>Zorc.    See  above,  note  ^,  p.  125. 

"  Whm  tk^.  Ut,  "  When  Tenihair 
belonged  to  them,  viz.,  to  the  Cinei 
Eoghan  f  i.e.,  the  family  of  Eogfaan, 
the  branch  of  the  0*NeUI  of  which 
Aedh  was  the  chieftain.  B.  leads, 
an  con  tio  bon  ^rfionfi  oc  Cenet 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


127 


Of  aU  the  kings  of  jon  that  niled  Erinn, 
Of  the  sweet  mnsical  race  of  the  sons  of  Niall, 
No  one  of  you  came  over  a  gap^ 
Fiom  anj  qaarter  to  strong  Temliair. 

Let  hîm  not  come  upon  you — refuse  not  battle — 
You  are  not  dead  âesh,  in  foot  or  horse ; 
O  descendant  of  the  three  Cathab  of  the  battle, 
Leave  not  the  hoase  of  thy  fathers  to  any  man  ! 

Tis  no  small  yalour,  although  the  small  is  great ; 
Tis  with  high  renown  thou  goest  against  Brian, 
Although  it  is  small  courage  in  ns  to  saj  so, 
Tis  a  shame  to  have  old  Temhaîr  dragged  to  the  West. 

Covet  thou  Luimnech  of  ships 
For  this  purpose — that  thou  majest  be  remembered  there, 
For  thee  will  shout  the  Liphe  of  Lorc,' 
Puii  thou  down  Caisei  of  Gorc 

Thou  art  a  person  worthj  of  it ; 
If  thou  preserve  thj  worthiness  in  thj  daj — 
If  thou  be  active  now  to  the  last, 
To  thee  shall  belong  all  the  good  that  remains. 

Thou  art. 

LXXI  V.  Aedh  O'Neill,  however,  answered— "Whenthey,* 
namely,  the  Cenâ  Eoghain,  had  Temhair,  they  defended 
its  freedom ;  and  whoever  possesses  it,  let  hîm  defeod  ita 
freedom ;"  and  he  said  "  that  he  would  not  risk  his  life  in 
battle  against  the  Dâl  Cais,  in  defenoe  of  sovereignty  for 
any  other  njan."     This  was  the  final  answer/ 

The  man  of  poetîy  retumed  to  Maelsechlainn'  and  re* 
lated  to  him  those  tidings.  The  coimsel  that  Maelsech- 
lainn  acted  on  was  this :  he  went  himself  to  the  honse  of 
Aedh  O'Neill,  and  he  spoke  to  him  and  ofiered  him  host- 


Therefiual 
of  Aedh 
0*NeîlL 


Maelflech- 
Uunnyiflits 
Aedh  in 
penon,  and 
offen  to 
resignhis 
crown. 


6x>)gonn  ţvo  coţmacafi  ofont^,  octij* 
on  CI  aga  mbioro  4  p6in  na  cofnoih 
oona  i^nţij^ :  **  When  Temhair  belong- 
ed  to  the  Cinei  Eoghan  ite  freedom 
waa  defended,  and  whoever  poaseseea  it 
let  it  be  hia  l>iuineM  to  def end  ita 
freedom.** 


<  Afuwer.  Lit.,  **  Thua  he  oon- 
dndedwith  them,**  i.e.,  the  n^gotiation 
waa  concladed  between  Aedh  and  the 
ambaaaador  of  Maelaechlainn. 

<  To  MaeUeckUmm.  B.  reada,  tmx 
inni|*in  ţ\x\  co  TTlaetf^echlaîtin, 
"to  teii  thia  to  Maelaechlainn.** 


128 


cosoroti  ţae'otiel  ne  ţgcLlcnbti. 


icca  ogallaim,  ocuf  raţigiT)  bfiogci  tk),  ocuf  ţw)  fiai'5 
flfiif,  Cofdin  'Certiţvaig  -duit;  pein  aţi  fe,  ocuf  -00  beţifa 
jiallu  t)Uit;,  -oaig  ip  peţxfv  lem  bei€  accoqpo  na  bei€  ic 
Oîiian.  -Oais  ni  pil  a  acmaing  againT)  can  ceafe  1  vea6 
mbţiiain  tnin  cifiu  leam  1  cenT)  ca€a,  ocuf  tna€i  Le€i 
CuinT)  aficena 
Aedha»-  Ho  cinolir,  T)na,  Ceneal  Gogain  laţifin  co  hCCeT)  Ua 
MmUesthe  ^eill,  ocuf  fio  înnif  "Doib  in  ţxîel  fin  .1.  TnaelfeclainT> 
EoghAin.  1  raifigfi  giall  T)o  aţi  "oul  1  cenT)  caia  leif  in  nagit) 
bţiian  ocuf  *Oailcaif.  Ho  ţiai-ofei;  Cenel  eogain  ni  bi 
anT)  fin  [aer]  elafeu,  'oaig  ţio  înţi  nflaelfedainT)  na6 
gebaD  CCeT)  a  pallu,  'oaig  ba  fini  ocuf  ba  huafliu 
ÎTIaelfeclainT)  ina  OCeT),  ocuf  bar)  cuina  leif  1  oqxwn 
7)0  tx>ct:  1  cenT)  caca  leif,  ocuf  co  maţiboD  "oo  T)enani 
•DOib,  ocuf  "Dailcaif . 

CCfbeţic  OCeD  fţiiu  xx)cc  1  comaţili,  ocuf  1  cocuţi,  ocuf 
fţiecţia  tnaii  -oo  rabaiţic  aţi  ÎTIaelfeclainT)  înnaf  na 
horo  vofixmv  plaiemnaif  "ooib  a  Cuţiuf  cucu. 

T)a  cuacapfun  1  ca^uţi,  ocuf  ţio  bacaţi  ica  imţicro 
ca  focţia  horo  comaiC  -ooibfeon  fţii  a  naninam  in  nuaiţi 
•oa  ţiateaif  1  cenT)  caia  fţii  *Oalcaif.  ^Oaig  T)e  etxxcaţi 
nac  T:ei6fiT:if  *Oalcaif  ţiompofom,  ocuf  na£  reiqpicif 
feom  fţii  "Oalcaif ;  ocuf  va  ecacaţi  na  bi  acniaing  a 


Aedhâd- 

▼iMsddi- 

beratlon. 

The  anawer 
of  the  Clan. 


i  Hottagei.  B.  hu  coţiocai'O  '06 
Tjemhcaxi,  "  he  offered  him  Temhair ;'* 
ie.,  he  oifered  to  resign  to  him  the 
BOYerelgnty  of  Ireland. 

TemAotr.  Coţxxin  •omc  ţî^n  1, 
B.,  '*  Defend  it  for  thyseU." 

*8aidU    Omit.,  B. 

«  TThtm,    Ina,  B. 

•  Power,    GCqpoinoc,  B. 
•FaOmg  imio.      Lit,    '*  going  iato 

BriAn*8  house ;"  Le.,  becoming  one  of 
his  Timmlif 

7  Came  noL  TD  tina  cciopoiţifi,  B. 
At  the  head  qf  Ae  baUle:  Le.,  as  com- 
mander-in-chief. 

•  Assembkd.  B.  omite  «ono,  and 
ia|ifiT». 


•  Qffered.    OCcc  t;aiTi5fin,  B. 

^^Cauld  be,  Wa|l  bo  c6iţi  fiti, 
oi|i  |M)  ţM-oiii  Tflaelfechloinn,  B.: 
**That  this  was  not  right,  for  liael- 
Hechlainn  knew,  &&" 

^O&ier;  Le.,  in  pedigree;  olandder 
branch  of  the  family.  B.  reada,  nod 
Sebcro  CCo*  a  bţunţoe,  oiţi  bo  pne. 

»  Cf  Oemâelvea,  '06il>  j^n  ocof 
TK),  B. 

w  AdviteeL  a-oiibaific  CCo*  yuv 
code  hi  ococcoTi,  ocuf  hi  ccoihoiTitei 
TK)  t;abaiţit;  'Deisp|\eoc|ia,  B. 

^  Secret  cmmâL  Casuţv,  the  aame 
word  apelt  cosuT^  three  linee  hcfore^ 
B.  reada  hi  oooocaYi,  another  Tariation 
of  orthogxmphy. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


129 


ages^ ;  and  said  io  him — "  Defend  Temhair^  for  thyself/' 
said  he,^  "  and  I  will  give  thee  hostages  ;  for  I  would 
rather  be  dependent  on  thee  than^  on  Brian.  For  we 
have  not  power^  to  prevent  our  falling  into^  Brian's  hands 
if  thou  come  not'  with  me  at  the  head  of  the  battle,  and 
the  nobles  of  Leth  Cuinn  also." 

The  Cenâ  Eoghain  were  then  aasembled^  to  the  pre-  Aedh  a»- 
sence  of  Aedh  O'Neill,  and  he  related  to  them  the  fact  that  ^^^  ^^ 
Maelsechlainn  had  offered^  hostages  to  him  provided  he  Eogiudn. 
would  go  with  him  at  the  head  of  the  battie  against  Brian 
and  the  Dăl  Cais.    The  Cenâ  Eoghain  said  that  that  conld 
be^^  nothing  but  evasion,  for  Maelsechlainn  knewthat  Aedh 
would  not  accept  of  hostages  from  him,  because  Maelsech- 
lainn was  older^^  and  nobler  than  Aedh  ;  and  he  cares  not, 
provided  they  go  with  him  to  the  head  of  the  battie,  to 
the  mutual  slaughter  of  themselves^^  and  the  Dăl  Cais. 

Aedh  advised^^  them  to  retire  into  secret  coundl  and  Aedh  ad- 
conference,  and  to  give  a  favourable  answer  to  Maelsech-  J^©^" 
lainn,  so  that  his  joiu*ney  to  them  should  not  be  a  rejection 
of  the  sovereignty  on  their  part 

They  retired  to  secret  council,^^  and  they  aâked  them-  The  anawer 
selves  what  benefit  would  aocrue  to  them  compared  with  oftheCiao. 
their  lives,^^  should  they  take  the  lead  in  battie  against 
the  Dăl  Cais.    For  they  knew'®  that  the  Dăl  Cais  would 
not  retreat  before  them  ;  and  that  they  would  not  retreat 
before  the  Dăl  Cais ;  and  they  knew  that  it  would  be 


^Tkeir  Ihes.  "Doib  pţM  a  nan- 
mcmnait),  B. 

^  Thejf  knew.  "DoiJ  tio  fîecccrc- 
ca|i|X)Tn  nac  c©i6picciy»  "Dai  cCaiy» 

nat  bioTD  aqpaing  a  ne^ţicma  atn 
cofnmaYvba'D  a  c^te  'do  'D^atti; 
oca|*  "DO  ţidi-opoc  na|v  bo  puţuiii 
ho6  |X)coqrv  m6\i  na  ocloinn  ca|\  a 
ne\Ţ,  6i|i  fit  bioTD  a  |^il  le  |X)6aYX 
na  te  |X)Tncniie  go  hfiat  ma'o  "oia 
ccuitite  cm  cat;  octi|«  a  'otibruxcaţi 
an  cinet>h  no|v  ceic  ţiio  Lodlanti- 
001^  .1.  on  ane^  oţ  qiODa  Ţon 


'Dorhan,  B. :  ^'  For  they  knew  that  the 
Dai  Cab  would  not  retreat  before  them, 
and  thejr  knew  that  it  wonld  not  be 
poBsible  to  separate  them,  and  that 
they  wonld  mutually  slaughter  each 
other;  and  they  said  that  they  sougfat 
no  great  benefits  for  their  children 
af ter  them,  for  they  could  have  no 
hope  of  benefit  or  of  wealth  for  them- 
selvee  for  ever,  if  the  battie  was  f ought ; 
and  they  said  that  the  tribe  that  re- 
treated  not  before  the  Lochlanns,  who 
were  the  bravest  tribe  in  the  world. 


130 


coţcrot)  sae-otiel  ne  ţaliccibti. 


Thflyde- 
mand  from 
Maelaech- 
lainnhalf 
of  hiBteni- 
toiy. 

KaelBech- 
IflJnn  dft- 
IMUtsin 
WTfttb. 


Hesubmit* 
toBrian 
ando£Fei8 
him  ho»- 

Brianta 


neqfiana  "oa  coTniunţrif  oen  ca6  aer  cac  "oo  comînaţiba'O 
a  cele  "oib.  Ho  |iaiT)feT;  naţi  buţiail  leo  foqia  va  claiiro 
'oaneif,  T)ai5  ne  [leg.  nî]  h6  a  fuil  pein  no  bioD  ţie 
Ţocfwi  va  ctiipt»a  in  cat  "Oaig  fio  ercccaţi  in  Itidc  nap 
€eic  fie  LoSlannacaib  no  fie  "Oanmafisafoib  .1.  fiefin 
ciniUT)  if  cfwyoa  if  [in]  •ooman  nac  reicpraf  fiompafX)ni. 
If  'P»  imofifu),  comafvli  va  fionoT)  leo  .1,  lei  pefi  TUidi 
ocuf  pefianT)  'Cemfiafi  T)oib,  amoil  fio  boD  coniT>atos 
•DOib,  ocuf  "DO  befiTHnf  ca€  malle  pfiif. 

LXXV.  Tio  hînnife^  vo  TflaelfecloinT)  in  fcel  fin, 
ocuf  fio  gab  pefig  mofi  6,  ocuf  fio  im-oi^  po  •oim'oais,  ocuf 
luiT)  lafifin  co  clainT)  Colmain,  ocuf  mnifiT)  vo\h  in  fx^l 
fin,  ocuf  ifi  comafili  "oa  fioni  cete  1  ceac  mbfiiain.  *0a 
tuyv  lafiftn  "oa  pi6er  vec  maficafi  co  Tx^fWLcn  co  pupoU 
mbfiiain,  can  cofi,  can  comafici,  ate  eneac  bfiiain  pem 
ocuf  "Oalcaif,  ocuf  inpifiT)  na  fcela  pfii  "oo,  octif  po 
paiT)  "oa  bagbcro  acmaing  comcro  ca€  vo  befiOT),  ocof  o 
nac  ptiaip  afbepc  comoD  vo  'oenum  a  piapfom  ranic 
ocuf  co  nbfioD  bfiagci  vo. 

Ho  fiegaifi  bfiian  fin,  ocuf  fio  fiaiT) ;  'oaig  if  amloiT) 
canacoifiti  cucainT),  afife,  can  cofi,  can  comafici,  can 
como,  fuxgaiT)  cafi^oi  mbliaT)na  'ouiqf^u,  can  giall  can 
ecipi  'DiofifiaiT)  ofir;  octif  fioBmaicni  'oinfaigi  in  htbca 


^  Jkmmarhiimâ.  Omit,B.  Hehccn- 
TnaTij;acaiB,  D.,  for  ţve  THmmaţiga- 
dont),  acooiding  to  the  uraal  oithogra- 
phy  of  thia  MS.,  omitting  the  edipsed 
or  qufeioeiit  lett«r,  and  bo  in  the  line 
preoeding  ecaca|i  for  ţecocaţv. 

"  Tktr^/hre.  Octif  oţ^  coifionţile,  B. 

>  Tke  mm.  B.  readfl,  lech  TDi'De 
ocuf  ţeatunnn  na'Ceiftiiac  a  ccofh- 
■otitâof  T)6itS  ocof  TX)  betiTxnf  cert 
himonUeniiâ:  *'ThathalfofHidhe 
[Le.,  Meath],  and  of  the  territoijr  of 
Temhair  be  their  own  inheritanoe,  and 
that  then  they  wonld  figfat  the  battie 
along  with  them.** 

4  Woi  ioUL    "Oo  hinfiif*ei&,  B. 

*  Orăot  wratk  B.  nada»  ocuf  tw 
ţal>  peţis  mâţi  TTIaeleâlaiiin,  octif 


TM  imttţ  ţx)  TMTnicro,  ocof  t»o  imtiţ 
af  pn  00  d^nn  Cotmdm:  "And 
gieaţ  wrath  seiaed  Maeleerhlainn,  and 
he  departed  in  diipleaanre,  and  he  re- 
tnmed  then  to  the  Clan  Cohn&in,  âc" 

^ToaubmiL  Lit^  ** to go into Biian'i 
honse;**  Le.,  become  Tnasal  or  trîba- 
tar7toBrian;8eenote€,pil28.  Ocof 
op  oomaiţiti  T)o  fionord  te6,  .1. 
TTIaelechlainn,  'oot>o^  1  cech  bţu- 
onn,  B.:  "And  this  waa  the  adrlc» 
they  gave  him,  viz^  MaiJaerhlainn,  to 
go  into  Biian*8  hoase." 

f  BrianC»  imU.  "Do  Vaffi  loţipn 
TDaetpedlcnnn  no.  ţioec  "oâcc  fnofi- 
cach  go  Triate  ţrapal  bţiiom  oţi 
ţoftâe  no  î>fhYia£,  B.:  "Then 
Maelseehlâinn  went  f orth  witb  twclte 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


131 


impossible  to  separate  them,  Bhould  they  once  join  in 
batile,  and  that  each  wonld  kill  the  other.    They  said 
that  they  sought  not  benefits  for  their  children  afber  them, 
for  they  themaelves  could  have  no  hope  of  any  benefits  if 
the  battle  was  fought.     For  they  knew  that  the  people 
who  retreated  not  before  the  Loohlanns,  nor  before  the 
Danmarkians,^  the  bravest  nation  in  the  world,  would  not 
retreat  before  each  other.    The  resolution,  therefore,"  that  They  dt- 
was  adopted  by  them  wna  this :  "that  half  the  men'  of  Maelaech- 
Midhe  and  of  the  territory  of  Temhair  be  ceded  to  them,  ^ţ™?  ţ*^ 
as  if  it  had  been  their  inheritance,  and  that  then  they  toiy. 
wotdd  fight  the  battle  along  with  him." 

LXXy.  This  fact  was  told^  to  Maelsechlainn,  and  great  Maelaech- 
wrath*  seized  him,  and  he  departed  in  displeasure;  and  J^^^ 
he  retumed  then  to  the  Clann  Colmain,  and  told  them  ^rrath. 
these  tidings ;  and  the  advice  they  gave  him  vras  to  sub- 
mit^  to  Brian.    He,  therefore,  set  out  with  twelve  soore  He  Bubmitt 
horsemen,  until  he  arrived  at  Brian's  tent/  without  gua-  ^f^ 
rantee  or  protection,  beyond  the  honour  of  Brian  himself,^  him  ho», 
and  of  the  Dăl  Cais ;  and  he  related  to  him^  these  facts ;  ^*^^ 
and  he  said'°  that  had  he  been  able  he  would  have  given 
him  battle,  and  as  he  was  not  able,  he  said  that  he  came 
to  make  his  submission  to  him,  and  to  give  him  hostagea 

Brian  answered^  ^  that,  and  said :  "  Since' '  thou  hast  come  Brian's 
mito  us  thns,"  said  he,  "without  gnorantee,  without  protec-  *°'''^' 
tion,  without  treaty,'*  we  give  thee  a  truce'*  for  a  year, 
without  asking  pledge  or  hostage  from  thee;  and  we  will 


aoore  honemen,  imtU  he  anived  at 

Brian's  tent,  on  the  green  of  Tara.** 

«  Hinudf,    B.  omită  ţein. 

•roAwi.  ■Oob|\icm,B.,"to Brian." 

10  Ht  said.    B.  reads,  ocoŢ  a  'ou- 

botjit;  TMX  mhwt  a  aqpoing  onoce 

guţuib  cat  TK)  bâfurD,  ocnj'  6  nac 

fiaibe,  a  "oiibaitic  Stifuib  im  -d^- 

fiotrh  a  Yiia|ia|x>rii  cdnnic,  ocoţ  go 

cuin^YUtobTUXtgoe'Dâ:  "  And  he  said 

that  if  he  had  been  able  lie  would  have 

ghren  battle,  bat  aa  he  waa  not  able,  he 


said  that  he  came  to  make  his  sabmia- 
sion,  and  to  give  him  hoetagee." 

u  Anuwend.  B.  reada,  ocoj^  fio 
ţrieoconţi  btiion :  (fiegcnţi  in  D.  be- 
ing  the  same  word  with  the  iniţial  p 
omitted.) 

^  Sinoe,  B.  omits  1x11^ ;  and  for 
cofiaccni^n,  reads  t;an5or6af|'. 

^Treaty,    Coihon-o,  B. 

"  Truce.  Hachon'D  oai|VDe  blioro- 
x\a  iniic,  5an  gialta  5011  emi|ie 
'oiofiTicnc;  vo\vc,  ocii|«  ţvadctimne 

k2 


132 


coţaroti  ţcce-otiel  tie  ţallcabti. 


BrUn 

preMiits 

twelTe 


fin  imţioDifiu,  co  pînnam  ca  ppe^ţia  -00  beficrc  ţoţiainT), 
.1.  CCei)  ocuf  ©ofiaiT),  ocuf  Tncro  coc  -00  beţicrc  •otiin,  afi  re, 
na  uaipfiu  naţi  na^aiT)  leo.  CCf beţii;  TflaelfeclainT) 
nafi  jiagoD  ereţi,  ocuf  afbeţir  nac  1  comatili  boD  coiţi 
jiobail  |ie  bfiian,  aci;  boD  cofiu  vo  tx)cu  va  Caig  "oaig  ba 
•oe^cuţiuf  -DO  cena  e^fiun  tk)  rece  na  €ec.  Ocuf  ba 
niai€  la  cac  uli  in  comapli  fin,  uaifi  ni  fiabi  aSc  "oeţieT) 
loinT:i  accu ;  ocuf  if  fi  fin  comaţili  'oafţionfoc. 

'Cuccax;  va  pcec  "o^c  ea£  an-ofin  vo,  tnaelfeclain'D 
o  bfian,  ocuf  ni  fiabi  Don  -oana  picer  vec  bai  ajioen 
■oore BteedB  ţxe  Tnaelfeclain'D  nec  fif  ayi  biu  eac  "00  b|iei€  maci 
■echiamn,  ^©^f»  CO  zuc  Tnaelfeclain'D  uli  iac  vo  TTlufCaT)  mac 
whobe-  bniain  cuc  a  Iccm  in  a  laim  in  la  fin.  "Oaiţ  if  e  fin 
upon  Mur-  oen  fijDomna  vo  eţiaib  Of enT)  nac  f ab  1  coţiacuf  ac 

Brian'aaon  ^^^l'î^clain'D  feiTll   fin.     Tlo  fCaffCTC,  imoffo,  laffin 

fo  f i€  ocuf  fo  bennaCcam,  ocuf  cancacaf  'oa  C15. 
Brian  aaiu  LXXVL  T)o  TionaT)  mof  coblac  muf  17)1  [laffin,  accim) 
^^liT  bliODna,  la  bfian  co  hattuain,  ocuf  fludg  af  n'îi  an 
tages  from  py^  Connacc,  gtif  gabacaf  bf ai^De  Connacca  uile  pfi 
ândfrom  haoincfe&main,  ocuf  fo  fifODh  bţxai^De  ua*a  of 
JJ^^'  TTlaole^lainn,  ocuf  fio  inT)laic  TTlaoileclainn  bfaiţ;De 
A.D.  1001.  conuicce  fin  in  aenl6.    rJuccoB  bţiai^e  Connafca,  octif 

TTlaoileClainn  50  hCCcluain.    Impai'Bif  bţiicm  leo  fin 

•Dia  ^igh. 
T)o  fonoB  m6fi  floi§i'5  afif  accin-D  bliaDna  la  bţiion 

co  "Dân  T)elcca,  ocuf  fo  fiţi e7)h  bfiai§De  uoB  aţi  OCoDh 

ocuf  aţi  Gochai-fe,  no  cac  -Df ocqi a  pofifa  muna  cupHiif, 


Biian 
mflets  the 
CNeiUs 
at  Don- 
dalk. 


TMornifcngi^  1T1  todca  fin  imiun^- 
ifi  50  ppîonnom,  yc,  B. 

^Aedh.    OCcrâ  6  tleiU,  B. 

^Saidke,  Omit.,  B.  Ha  contifi 
l66  inotp.  Tioaşhai'O,  B. 

•  8aid.    Ocnf  dcbetic,  B. 

<  Be  taid.  OGcbeţic  na|i  bl  an 
âomcnţiVe  t6\\i  «Dobdii  te  bţiian 
"DO  'Denorh,  ocuf  ba  coţux,  7c.,  B. 

^StAmistum,  Lit/'from  hia  [ICael- 
Bechlainn's]  having  gane  into  hiB 
[Biian*8]  hoiue."  See  above,  note  6, 
p.  128.    "Do  a6ea6cfom  do  t\^  B. 


•  ProMons.    "Oa  I6inat>,  B. 

7  Ttceive  Mcart,  "Don  "oa  fndec 
•oecc  bcn  bi  ppa|V|vaD  îTlaoileâ- 
lainn,  aon  T>iiine  lof  a|\  ftilcrt 
eacb  iH)  bfieit  teif  tna  aice,  B. 

>  AU,    Omit,  B. 

•  For  ke  teaâ.  "Ooig  TK)  h6  pn  en 
ţilg'Danina  T>ţeţiaib  Civinn  nouţ 
fioibe  a|i  coţuxcafi  B.  To  nnder- 
■tand  thia  txanaaction  the  reader  thonld 
know  tfaat  by  accepting  the  twelTe 
■oore  honee,  Maelaecfalaiiiii  ai^now- 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OiILL.  133 

go  to  visit  those  people  whom  thou  hast  mentioned,  that 
we  may  know  what  answer  they  wiU  give  iinto  us,  viz., 
Aedh*  and  Eochaidh,  and  if  they  will  give  us  battle,"  said 
he*  "come  not  thou  with  them  against  ua"  Maelsech- 
lainn  said'  that  he  wouid  not  go  on  any  account;  and 
he  said^  that  Brian  was  not  acting  on  a  right  advioe, 
for  it  would  be  better  for  him  to  retum  to  his  home,  be- 
cause  his  expedition  was  sufficiently  successful  in  having 
received  submission^  &om  himself.  And  that  advice  was 
pleasing  to  all,  because  they  were  at  the  last  of  their 
provisions^ ;  and  this  was  the  advice  they  adopted. 

Twelve  score  steeds  were  then  given  to  Maelsechlainn  Bnan 
by  Brian,  and  there  was  not  one  of  the  twelve  score^  men  P^** 
who  accompanied  Maelsechlainn  who  would  deign  to  carry  score  steeds^ 
a  led  horse  with  him;  so  that  Maelsechlainn  bestowed  JJ^JJÎ^ 
them  all®  upon  Murchad,  son  of  Brian,  who  had  given  his  who  be- 
hand  into  his  hand  on  that  da^.     For  he  was*  the  only  J^  *^*™ 
royal  heir  of  the  men  of  Erinn  who  was  not  in  allianoe  Muicbad, 
with  Maelsechlainn  before  that  time.    They  then*°  parted    """*^ 
in  peace  and  with  benedictions,  and  repaired  to  their 
respective  homes.** 

LXXVI.  A  great  naval  expedition  was  made  [at  the  Brian  saOs 
end**  of  a  year  after  this,  by  Brian  to  Ath  Luain,  and  an  î^'^*^^'*** 
army  by  land  throughout  Connacht,  so  that  he  received  tages  from 
the  hostages  of  all  Connacht  in  one  week ;  and  hostages  ^nd  from** 
were  sought  by  him  from  Maelsechlainn,  and  Maelsechlainn  Maeisech- 
conducted  hostages  to  that  place  on  the  same  day.  The  hos-  a.d?*1001. 
tages  of  Connacht  and  of  Maelsechlainn  having  been  con- 
veyed  to  Athluain,  Brian  retumed  with  them  to  his  house. 

A  great  expedition  was  made  again,  at  the  end  of  a  Brian 
year,  by  Brian  to  Dun  Delga,  and  hostages  were  sought  q,^2iÎ?' 
by  him  from  Aedh,  and  from  Eochaidh ;   or  that  war  at  Dnn- 

-^  dalk. 


ledged  Brian's  soyereignty  (iee  Book 
of  Riffhiij  p.  176).  Haelsechlainns' 
foUowen  refiued  to  lead  them  and 
Maelsechlamn  thereforebestowed  them 
npon  Murchad,  Brian's  son,  in  token 


w  Then,  Ho  p)caji|xnxcqrv  icqfvpt) 
B. 

"  Homet.    "Dio  ccigiti,  B. 

18.  At  the  end,  Here  there  is  another 
defect  in  the  MS.  D.,  owing  to  the  Ion 


of  allianoe  and  friendship.  of  a  leaf. 


134 


cosccot)  sae'otieL  ne  saUccibti. 


A  trace  for 
ayear. 


Brian 

Gonquen 

Ulster, 


co  rcaTi5accafifi'5e  .1.  CCa6  ocuf  Oochai'b  "oa  accallaiiîi 

They  make  go  T)ân  "Dealga,  50  Ti'oeiinfcrc  fî€  ann,  ocuf  offcrb»  ocuf 

cdiţi'oe  Tnblia'Bna  T)6iBfium  tk)  'Benonfi  accomaiţile  an 

cerc  no  an  bţxai^De  th)  beţi-oaif  hi  ccinT)  blicrona,  ocuf 

gem  fai^'6  T)oiCfiuni  afiTflaoilfeCloinn  no  aţi  Connac- 

raiB  pţiif  an  mblia^ain  fin,  act;  a  mbeit  ina  ccduvoiB. 

LXXVII.  T)o  fiona^  moţifltiaisi'fe  "opepoiB  ©ţienn  tiile 

le  b|iian  eciţi  galL  ocuf  gaoi'beU  vo  neoc  bai  6  fliati 

A.D.  i002.  puaiT)  acuai'5,  accionn  blia7)na  lafifin  50  hUlim  ;  guţi 

.         d  ^^^  Siallcc  HUcS  uile  6  tk)  pĂimiT)  CCoh  coch  •06.    Octif 

Eochaidh    accionn  va  tJlio^ain  lafifin  "oo  ţuro  CCo*  ocuf  eochai'5 

S"^bh  ^^  CţiaiBe  'Culcha,  •oii  aţi  mafiBa'B  iod  afiaon,  ocor 

Tnicha,      fio  mafiBo*  TOai^G  Ula-fe  uile  ann. 

iL'Z     "^  T«>n(r6  motirLoisiT.  mx^u  Ut  btiion.  co  TunBe 

qoen  Se'  opohoig  itCaiLluin,  ocuf  go  fiaiCo  feaficrfiam  in  OCfiT)- 

a!d^ioo4  ^*^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  piche  tunge  •d6|i  aţi  alrâiţi  inCCfi'oma- 

chae,  ocuf  co  xxucc  gialla   Ulo^  ocuf  ^Oalnaţioi'Be, 

ocuf  in  cuaifceipc  leif  aţicena,  cenmo^a  CeneL  ConuilL 

Brian's         LXXVIII.  "Do  fioine  bpian  nfi6fifluai§i'5  laţifin  accinn 

JJ^  ^  blia^na  ele  uimcell  ©ţien^),   5U|i  gaB  bftaigDe  peţi 

^^^nd,     TteţienT)  uile.     Ife-b  vo  fidi'Dh  q[i6  Idţi  Connafic,  ocuf 

'hi  TTlag  nCCî  ifin  CoiţiţifliaB,  ocuf  hi  cTJiţi  CCilella, 

ocuf  hi  ccfiich  Caiţvpfie,  octif  caţi  ^licceach,  ocuf  Idih 

£16  le  mtiifi,  ocuf  Idih  "bof  le  nţi,  ocuf  le  beinn  5^1" 

ban,  1X1111)111?,  ocuf  xxip.  T)ţioBaoif,  ocuf  iTflaigh  nOine, 

ocuf  xxx[i  CC€  ^enai§  og  &afrT^uai'5,  ocuf  itCîţi  nCCoDO, 

ocuf  Txqfi  beţinof  THâţi,  octif  ixxţi  peffaiT),  ocuf  itd'ţi 

Goţain,  octif  inT)ail  RiaT>a,  ocuf  in*Oail  CCîiai'Be,  ocuf 

inUlTxiiC  gtiţi  gabafcaifi  fo  LugnofODh  1  mbealac  *Oâin. 

Ro  I61CC  piţiu  eţienn  laţifin   -oia  ucigiB  ţumipa.    TH> 


^MmqfErum,  AcoevalhAndhae 
written  over  theae  wordi  in  the  MS., 
no  peţi  nCivenTi. 

•  Lammai,  Th»  Anm.  UlL  ntA,  oo 
XioacccR>aT%  tnsnocpro  co  bealach 
Ti'O^inf  "  nntil  at  LammM  he  reached 
Belach-diiiii,**  or  "BeUch-mâm,"  m 
in  Dr.  O^Conor^B  edition.  The  Foir 
Jfacfen  nae  the  sime  word,  oo  ccofi- 


jiatzaccofif  or  T)0f<x6ccrDati,  "be 
reached.**  But  the  text  îs  correet; 
gabofcaifi  ift  A  Yerb  deponent»  and  aig^ 
nîfiee  he  took  np  at,  or  took  poewiflii 
oftheplace.  Wehave  an  inatanceof  thii 
eonstmction,  eh.  zzxL  p.  3i,  Mţpf«> 
gnţvsat)fac  aţieiccin  1  fiXhiiblrifin, 
**the7  took  poesenion  by  force  of  Dub- 
lin;** UL,  **took  np  [a  poiitioo]  in 


J 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


185 


should  be  prodaimed  against  them,  if  they  gave  them  noi. 
And  they  came,  viz.,  Aedh  and  Eochaidh,  to  confer  with 
Brian  to  D4n  Dealga,  and  they  made  a  peace  and  trace  They  make 
there;  and  they  were  given  a  year's  time  to  come  to  aJI^^'^' 
dedsion,  whether  it  should  be  battle  or  hostages  they 
would  give  at  the  end  of  the  year ;  and  that  they  were  not 
to  attack  Maelsechlainn,  nor  the  Connacht  men,  during 
that  year,  but  continue  as  âriends. 

LXXVII.  A  great  expedition  of  all  the  men  of  Erinn,'  Bmn 
both  GaU  and  Gaedhil,  of  aU  who  werefrom  SUabhFuaidSr 
soutbward,  was  made  by  Brian  at  the  end  of  a  year  after  A.D.  1002. 
that  against  the  Ulaidh,  and  he  took  the  hostages  of  all 
Ulaidh  since  Aedh  failed  to  give  him  battle.   And  in  two  Aodh  and 
years  after  that  Aedh  and  Eochaidh  fought  the  battle  of  j^n^^ 
Craebh  Tulcha,  in  which  they  were  both  killed  together ;  •*  Crscbh 
and  all  the  nobles  of  Ulaidh  were  killed  there.  A-D.  ibos; 

A  great  expedition  was  made  after  that  by  Bri&n;  and  Brian  con- 
he  was  a  night  in  Tailltin;  and  he  went  from  that  to  Ard  Sf^^*^* 
Macha,  and  he  laid  twenty  ounces  of  gold  on  the  altar  in  A.D.  1004. 
Ard  Macha;  and  he  brought  away  with  him  the  hostages 
of  Ulaidh,  and  of  Dăl  Araidhe,  and  of  all  the  north  like- 
wise,  except  the  Cinei  Conaill 

LXXVIII.  Brian  made  a  great  expedition  afterwaids  at  Brian's 
the  end  of  another  year  all  round  Erinn,  and  took  the  roim?**^ 
hostages  of  all  the  men  of  Erinn.     His  route  was  through  Iniand, 
the  middle  of  Connacht,  and  into  Magh-n-Ai,  over  the 
Coirr  Shliabh,  and  into  Tir  Ailella;  and  into  the  countiy 
of  Cairpre,  and  beyond  Sligech,  and  keeping  his  left  hand 
to  the  sea,  and  his  right  hand  to  the  land  and  to  Beinn 
Oulban,  over  Dubh  and  over  Drobhaois,  and  into  Magh-n- 
Eine,  and  over  Ath  Seanaigh  at  Easruaidh;  and  into  Tir 
Aedha,  and  over  Beamas  M6r,  and  over  Fearsad,  and  into 
Tir  Eoghain,  and  into  DU  Biada,  and  into  Dăl  Araidhe, 
and  into  Ulaidh,  imtil  about  Lammas^  he  halted  at  Belach 
Duin.    He  then  dismissed  the  men  of  Erinn  to  their  homes 


Dablin."    In   the  old   Iriih  of   the 
Book  of  Axmagh  fvogffb  occnn  in 


the  same  sense,  "he  took  ap  at**  (a 
place). 


136 


cosoroti  ^ae-ohel  ne  saUccibti. 


Supplies 
himaelf 
with  provi- 
noiifl  at 
Crsebh 
Tnlduu 


LevieB  tri- 
bnte  upon 
the  Saxona, 
WelBh,the 
men  of 
Lennoxof 
Sootland, 
andArgyle. 


IreUnd 
enjoya 
profoand 
peace. 

Brianen- 
foroeslaw 
and  oidv- 


loucafv  Lai^in  caţi  bţie^a  bwB  '5ef  "oia  txi^B,  ocuf  ^11 
cafi  muifv  50  hCCTClioc,  ocuf  co  poţir  Laiţige,  ocuf 
co  LtiiTnnea^,  ocuf  Connatea  poţi  puD  ini'5e  fiaţi  wa 

1f  ann  bai  bţrfan  hi  cCţiaoiB  'CulCa,  ocUf  Ulai'5  cega 
BicrccrB  ann.  'Cuccpccc  t)6  ann  'od  .c  "oecc  mapr,  va  -c. 
.oc  muc,  ocuf  "oa  cer)  'Bece  molr,  ocuf  fio  iio-felaic  Oţiion 
•DCC  .c.  -oecc  eafi  •oâiBfion,  ţie  txioiB  6iţi,  ocuf  cnjiccic, 
ocuf  6'Dai| ;  vo^%  ni  •oeacai'5  biocaC  aen  Băile  "oioB  6 
bpian  san  each,  no  nî  «DiamaDh  bui-oeac  e  -opafebdiL 

Ho  cui|i  coBlac  muifii'Be  lafifin  ap,  muiţi  .1.  ^oill 
OC€aSlia€,  ocuf  puifii;  Laiţiţe,  ocuf  Ua  cCeinnpeloîfe 
ocuf  Ua  nGocach  THuiftan,  ocuf  utitîioţi  peţi  nSţient) 
T)o  neoc  jiopTxifv  lonmapa  t)îoB  ;  ^p  TX)Bai5pior  an  ciof 
pio^Da  Shaocan  ocup  bpeTxm,  ocup  Lemnai^,  ocup  [leg.  1] 
CClban,  ocup  CCipep  gaoi'Bel  uile,  ocup  a  mbpai^De  ocup 
aneiT)ipe,  maille  le  moip  fiîop.  *Oo  poinn  Opian  an  cîp 
uile  map  "oo  "oli^  .1.  crcpian  "oo  pi§  CCraclia€,  ocup  ocpion 
•DoccaiB  Lai§en,  ocup  ua  nGa€a6  TTlurfian,  ocup  aupicm 
ele  TKiep  "odna,  ocup  eala'&na,  ocup  va  gac  T)Uine  ap 
mo  painicc  a  lep. 

LXXIX.  CiD  upa  a&c  rainicc  bpian  mâpcuaipr;  pi^ 
cimCell  OpenT)  atftlai'B  pin,  ocup  "oo  poccpoDh  piKdin 
Bpenn  leip,  enp  cealla,  ocup  ruaCa,  co  n'oepncro  pi€  in 
6pinn  uile  pe  alin.  Ho  cafo,  ocup  po  cuiBpig  Iute 
mopra  pogla,  ocup  "oibeipse,  ocup  cocccrfe.  Ho  cpoch, 
ocup  po  iftapB,  ocup  po  mu'ohai'B  meipleafia,  ocup  bi€- 
bena£(Oc,  ocup  po^UcSa  6penn.    Ho  pcpiop,  po  pcaoiU 


^Purv^or.  The  BiaiachoTBiadhiack, 
an  officer  whose  dnty  it  was  to  supply 
proTÎmona  to  all  chieftains  and  penons 
of  rank,  travelUng  with  attendants 
tbFOQgh  the  conntiy. 

s  And  Alba.  The  word  in  the  ori- 
ginal being  in  the  genitive  case  (nom. 
AUfOf  gen.  Alban),  it  ie  evident  that 
for  7  OClbon  in  the  text,  *'  the  Lemh- 
naigh  and  Scotland,"  we  should  read 
.1.  OClbon,  "tfae  Lemhnaigh  [or  men 


of  Lennox]  Le.,  of  Scotland.** 
remoyes  the  impropiiety  of  distxn- 
guishing  Scotland  from  Lennox  and 
Algele.  The  Leamnaigh  wera  do- 
scended  from  Mâine  Leamhna  (so 
called  from  the  river  Leamhan),  who 
was  son  of  Corc,  king  of  Monster,  fifth 
in  descent  from  OilioU  Olnm,  and 
of  the  same  race  as  Brian  (O^FIahertj' 
Ogjfff.  p.  884)  ;  the  Aiier-Gaadhil 
["  Finei  GadflUomm**],  or  nm  ol  Ar- 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


137 


în  all  directions.  The  Laighin  went  over  Bregha  south- 
ward  to  their  homes ;  and  the  foreigners  over  the  sea  to 
Ath  Cliath,  and  to  Port  Lairge,  and  to  Luimnech ;  and  the 
Connachl^men  through  Midhe,  westwards  to  their  homea 

Brian  was  then  at  Craebh  Tulcha,  and  the  Ulaidh  with  SnppUes 
him  getting  him  provisions  there.     They  supplied  him  J^^^^. 
there  with  twelve  hundred  beeves;  twelve  hundred  hogs,  rionaat 
and  twelve  hundred  wethers;  and  Brian  bestowed  twelve  xui^^ 
hundred  horses  upon  them,  besides  gold,  and  silver,  and 
dothing.     For  no  purveyor*  of  any  of  their  towns  de- 
parted  from  Brian  wîthout  receiving  a  horse  or  some  other 
gifb  that  deserved  his  thanks. 

He  sent  forth  after  that  a  naval  expedition  upon  the  sea,  Levies  tri- 
VÎ2.,  the  Gaill  of  Ath  Qiath,  and  of  Port  Laiige,  and  of  the  ^"fg^^ 
Ui  Ceinnselaigh,  and  of  the  Ui  Eathach  of  Mumhain,  and  Welsh,  the 
of  ahnost  all  the  men  of  Erinn,  such  of  them  as  were  fit  to  ^^^^  of 
go  to  sea;  and  they  levied  royal  tribute  from  the  Saxons  ScoUmd, 
and  Britons,  and  the  Lemhnaigh  of  Alba,*  and  Airer-Gaed-  "^     ^^ 
hil,  and  their  pledges  and  hostages  along  with  the  chief 
tribute.     Brian  distributed  all  the  tribute  according  to 
rights,  viz.,  a  third  part  of  it  to  the  king  of  Ath  Cliath;  and 
a  third  to  the  warriors  of  Laighin  and  of  the  Ui  Eathach 
of  Mumhain ;  and  another  third  to  the  professors  of  scien- 
ces  and  arts,  and  to  every  one  who  was  most  in  need  of  it. 

LXXIX.  So  Brian  retumed  from  his  great  royal  visi-  ireUmd 
tation  around  all  Erinn  made  in  this  manner:  and  the^^?^  ^ 

prof omd 

peace  of  Erinn  was  proclaimed  by  him,  both  of  churches  peue. 
and  people ;  so  that  peace  throughout  all  Erinn  was  made 
in  his  time.     He  fined  and  imprisoned  the  perpetrators  of  BrUm  en- 
murders,  trespass,  and  robbery,  and  war.     He  hanged,  J^J^i^ 
and  killed,  and  destroyed  the  robbers  and  thieves,  and 
plunderers  of  Erinn.     He  extirpated,  dispersed,  banished, 


gyle,  were  ako  of  Irish  race,  bo  that 
the  object  of  thisparagraph  is  to  daim 
for  Brian  the  sapreme  sovereignty  of 
the  Gaelic  race.  Bnt  it  ie  most  prob- 
ably  an  interpoUtion  inserted  by  some 
sealons  partizan.  The  next  chapter 
oontinaes  the   history   from  Brian*i 


**  great  royal  visitation  roond  IreUnd,** 
without  any  reference  to  this  foreign 
expedition ;  nor  is  there  a  record  of  his 
hayîng  inraded  England,  Wales,  and 
Scotland  in  any  other  historical  an- 
thority. 


138 


coBcroti  sae'otiel  Re  ţallcnbti. 


subjuga - 
tion  of  the 
Danes. 


|io  "Bealaig,  |io  ling,  ţio  lomaiţi,  fio  le^oiti»  fW)  mill,  ocuf 
tio  mu-ohai-b  ^^llu  gaca  nfie,  ocuf  gaca  ruaire  in 
Complet©  Ojienn  uile  50  poifilecan.  Ho  mafiB  arfi  a  ţiiofea,  ocuf 
a  fiuifieacha,  a  ccţieiT^ill  ocuf  a  ccfi6in  tîiiIi'6,  a  lacgaiLe 
ocuf  gaifcci'b.  Ho  T)aeţi,  ocuf  fio  mo^fxxnaig  a  maeifi, 
ocuf  a  fieacraifie'Ba,  ocuf  a  fuairfieacha  a  naiîiaif, 
ocuf  a  macaeîîja  maefiT)a  mofiglana,  ocuf  a  ninseTia 
mine  mac^acrxi ;  coni^h  do  fin  fio  fiai'oe'5  an  Lai'5  .1. 

Ro  bţiaonncrb  Tfil. 
LXXX.  lafi  monnafibo*  imofifio  gali  a  bOfiinn  uile, 
ocuf  a  ccufi  Bfienn   na  fioicdin,    rainicc  aentUen   6 
"Cliofiaig  T;uaifceifiT:  Ofienn,  co  Clio'5na  T)eifceifiT;  efienn, 

toJvebim-  ^^"^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^  eaclulfc  fie  ahaif,  ocuf  ni  ţuaifi  a 
moierted  in  f  loD,  na  a  f  ofiucca*  T)o  'fienaiîi ;  cona^  aifie  ţin  fio  con 
^'^^      an  pile— 

O  T!^ofiai§  co  Clîa6na  caif*, 
If  fxxil  6ifi  aice  fve  a  haif, 
1  fiâ  bfiiain  caoibjil  nafi  cfm, 
*Oo  cimcil  aoinben  6fiinn. 


Alone 
woman, 
bearmga 
ring  of 


Brian  en- 

coniages 

leaming. 


Ho  cum'oaise'b  leif  "ona  cealla  cataif  eţienn,  ocuf 

a  neirfie'ba.    Ho  cuifiiuc  f aoi€e,  ocuf  maigifqfieafa  vo 

ieaccafcc  eccna,  ocuf  eolaif,  ocuf  "oo  cen-oac  leaCafi 

cafi  mtiifi,  ocuf  rafi  mâfifxxififige ;  uaifi  vo  loifxîce* 

ocuf  T)o  bai'De'5  a  fcfiepqfia,  ocuf  a  liuBaifi  in  gaS  cili, 

ocuf  in  gac  neinie'5  ina  fio6ai:;cafi  la  •oibeficcacaiB  6 

rofaC  50  •oeifie'b.    bfiian  imofifio  t)o  beifie'6fi'5e  luafi 

ţx)|lama,  ocuf  luac  leaBafi  t)0  jafi   aon  ţx)lei€   "oa 

Hebuids  ^^©^56*   annfin.     "Do   fiona*   imofifio   luBfia   lom^a, 

and  repaîi»  ocuf  lofaigco  loif.    T)o  fiona*    leif  cempull  Cille 

makes^    T)dlua,  ocuf  rempull  Innfi  Cealrfia,  ocuf  cloic6each 

bridgesand 
roadfl. 


1  Butowedf  fc.  Tbe  poem  bere 
quoted  yns  probably  so  well  known  at 
the  time  that  the  scribe  did  not  think 
it  neoeeiaiy  to  copy  moie  than  ita  fint 
words;  bnt  the  editor  haa  not  been 
able  to  find  it  elsewhere. 

s  BanUhmenL    It  ia  clear  that  there 


waa  no  snch  '*peace'*  and  protperitj 
under  Brian,  as  iaheredeecribed.  The 
annals  exhibit  their  nsual  reoorda  of 
war  and  murder,  nor  were  the  Daaea 
and  other  northmen  erer  "  baniahed** 
from  Ireland,  not  even  after  the  famons 
battle  of  Giontarf,  which  did  no  more 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  6AILL.  139 

k 

cauaed  to  fly,  stripped,  maimed,  ruined,  and  destroyed  the 
foreigners  in  eveiy  district  and  in  every  territoiy  through- 
out  the  breadth  of  aJl  Erinn.     He  killed  aJso  their  kings,  Complete 
and  their  chieftains,  their  heroes,  and  brave  soldiers,  their  Jj*^^°f^ 
men  of  renown  and  valour.     He  enslaved  and  reduoed  to  Danes. 
bondage  their  stewards  and  their  collectors,  and  their 
swordsmen,  their  mercenaries,  and  their  comely,  large, 
deanly  youths;  and  their  smooth  youthfal  girls.     And  it 
was  on  that  occasion  the  poem  was  redted,  viz. : 

There  was  bestowed,  etc' 

LXXX,  Afber  the  banishment'  of  the  foreigners  outAione 
of  all  Erinn,  and  after  Erinn  was  reduoed  to  a  state  of  J^"^ 

'  beanDg  a 

peace,  a  lone  woman  came  &om  Torach,  in  the  north  of  ring  of 
Erinn,  to  diodhna,  in  the  south  of  Erinn,  carrjring  a  ring  ^^  ^. 
of  gold  on  a  horse-rod,  and  she  was  neither  robbed  nor  moiested  în 
insulted ;  whereupon  the  poet  sang —  *°  ' 

From  Torach  to  pleasant  Gliodhna, 
And  carrying  with  her  a  ring  of  gold, 
In  the  time*  of  Brian,  of  the  bright  sîde,  fearless, 
A  lone  woman  made  the  circuit  of  Erinn. 

By  him  were  erected  also  noble  churches  in  Erinn  and  BrUn  en- 
their  sanctuaries.    He  sent  professors  and  maaters  to  teach  ^^^^, 
wisdom  and  knowledge;  and  to  buy  books  beyond  the 
sea,  and  the  great  ocean;  because  their  writings  and  their 
books  in  eveiy  church  and  in  every  sanctuary  where  they 
were,  were  bumed  and  thrown  into  water  by  the  plunder- 
ers,  from  the  beginning  to  the  end^ ;  and  Brian,  himself, 
gave  the  price  of  leaming  and  the  price  of  books  to 
every  one  separately  who  went  on  this  service.     Many  He  bniids 
works,  also,  and  repairs  were  made  by  him,    By  him  were  ^f^***" 
erected  the  church  of  Cell  Dălua,  and  the  church  of  Inis  makes 

bridgesand 

roadA. 


thaa  check  their  prognee  to  complete 
ascendancy. 

*  Time.  Keating,  who  quotes  thifl 
fltanza,  reads,  a  bf?lcnt  bţucniit  "in 
the  reign  of  Bimn."  Taoitî^t  being 
the   gen.    nng.    muc    the   epithets 


t;aoib5il  nctfi  cîm,    "  bright-eîded, 
feulesB,"  must  be  applied  to  Brian. 

^  To  tke  end:  i.e.,  from  the  begin- 
ning to  the  end  of  the  Daniah  sway  in 
Ireland,  the  destmction  of  booka  was 
their  univereal  practice. 


140 


coBcroti  sae-otiel  ne  saLlccibti. 


Strength- 
ens  f  ortified 
places 
throaghout 
the  coiin- 
try. 


Hisproft- 
perity  for 
fifteen 
yean. 


Cdebrated 

byGilU 

Modada. 


T^uama  5reine],  ocuf  lubţxa  im-oa  ele  aficena.  "Oa 
ţionair  leif  "oţiocair,  ocuf  T)Ocai|i,  ocuf  flige'Ba.  Ro 
•DaingniT;  leif,  -Dna,  •oâin  ocup  T)ain5ni,  ocup  mfeiMi, 
ocuf  fiispuiţXT;  aipeT)a  na  TU  uman.  "Da  ţionaT),  'ona, 
cunToaC  Cafil  na  ţxi^,  ocuf  Cin-o  CCbţiac,  ocup  inif  hota 
CenT),  ocuf  inif  Loca  ^^iţi,  ocuf  T)ân  Gofaiţi  TTlonsi. 
"Dân  CLiar,  ocuf  "Dân  Cţioi;,  ocqf  inif  Loca  Saiglefi-o, 
ocuf  inif  in  ^aill  T)uib,  ocuf  tlofac,  ocuf  CenT)  Coţicro, 
ocuf  boţxuma,  ocuf  fiispuifiT;  ÎTIuman  apcena.  Ro  bai 
an  afifen  co  fona,  firamail,  co  ple7)ac,  pufii'oe^,  p|i- 
bfierac,  co  conaic,  ca'oufac  ;  co  n^enmnaDeacr,  ocuf  co 
cjiabuT),  ocuf  cofifiefe,  ocuf  co  jiia^laib  ic  cleţiEib, 
co  n^ail  ocuf  co  nsayxîeT)  con  neneaC,  ocuf  co  nensnum 
1  laeCaib,  ocuf  co  cofiref,  rpen,  railc,  rţiebaţiglan,  .ti- 
blia-ona  vec  in  afvo  ţiip  ne^ienT)  amail  ofbeţiT;  ^ilLa 
TTIU'OU'oa : — 

piacuT)  ţîaîisi,  culi  qfiicc, 

b|iian  bţveo  of  banba  blacbţiic, 
Can  ciabaiţi,  con  biar,  con  bţiat, 
Cuiţ  blioDna  "oec  'pa  "DeJiuic. 

*0a  blia-oain,  imoţijio,  'oefbai'o  -ou  "oa  pcer  in  afi'oţiip 
na  muman. 


1  And  maf^.  Here  we  retum  to  the 
text  of  D.    B.  omits  ajvcena. 

>  Camencayi,    TGodaifi,  B. 

>  Strengthened.  Ro  cum'oaise^ 
lei|»  -Diinice,  ociij*  •Danigne,  ocuf 
ţvioţl>iiiTiC}  ocoŢ  M\f\Ţerba  oiţie^oa, 
B. :  "  By  him  were  fortified  duna  and 
f aatnenes,  and  royal  forts,  and  cde- 
brated  idanda,  &c." 

*  Alto.  "Do  iioncpo  leif,  B.,  "  By 
himwaabnilt'*  Ho  cuiiToai Jtoo  tei|» 
por,  **  By  him  wen  additionally  for- 
tified," Keating. 

<  Ce/M-AhroL  Cen'opebfvonx,  B., 
and  KeaUitff. 

e  Dun  CUaih.  Ocuf  "Oun  Cliac, 
B.,  Keatmg. 

7  /im*  an  GhaiU  Dwbh.  Inif  an 
ţaiH  "Ouiti,  octif  lîiif  Loca  8015- 
tinT),  ociif  HofttC  na  TI105,  B. :  "  lnl« 


an  GhaiU  doibh  [ÎBland  of  the  black 
foreigner,  or  Dane,]  and  the  ialand  ol 
Loch  Saiglenn,  and  Rosach  of  the 
kings."  The  names  of  these  pUeei 
are  thus  given  by  Keating : — "  Ceanu- 
fabhrad,  Inia  Locha  C^  Inia  Locha 
Gair,  Dun  EochairBfhaighe,  Dîin  laag, 
Dân-tri-Iiag,  Dfin-gCrot,  Dun  Cliacb, 
Innai  [theialanda]  an  GhaUl-diiihh,  Iim 
Locha  Saigh]ionn,R<Mna  Riogfa,Cea]iii> 
Coradh,  the  B6raîinhe(an  b6|unifie.7* 

•  /n  Uke  maumer,  Rig^ifii;  TTlit- 
fhan  mie  aţi6eana,  B. 

•  Peoce/W.  Ho  bai  oihloiT)  p« 
co  fiowwhait,  |X)na,  pleatMxc,  puţi- 
ecca6,  piţibţieotac,  ocn^co  conâigh, 
caT>tiţM6 ;  00  ngeanmnatgeâc,  oco|* 
co  cqfuiba^  iccleiţicib  \sâ  a  lim>f 
ocuj*  co  neined,  7c.,  B. 

^^Firm,    B.  omită  cţien. 


m*- 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


UI 


Cealtra,  and  the  beli  tower  of  Tuam  Greine],  and  many' 
other  works  in  like  manner.     By  him  were  made  bridges 
and  causeways,'  and  high  roadă.     By  him  were  strength-  strength- 
ened,*  also,  the  dans,  and  fastnesses,  and  islands,  and  *ţ*f°'*'**** 
celebrated  royal  forts  of  Mumhain.     He  built,  also/  the  throughout 
fortification  of  Caisei  of  the  kings,  and  of  Cenn  Abrat,*  the  J^  «o^- 
ialand  of  Loch  Cend,  and  the  island  of  Loch  Gair,  and 
IHin  Eochair  Maige,  Din  Cliath,®  and  Din  Crot,  and  the 
ialand  of  Loch  Saiglend,  and  Inis  an  Ghaill  Duibh,^  and 
Rosach;  and  Cend  Coradh,  and  Borumha,  and  the  royal 
forts  of  Munster  in  like  Hianner.^     He  continued  in  this  Hispros- 
way  prosperously,  peaceful,®  giving  banquets,  hospitable,  JJ^'^ 
jnst-judging;   wealthily,  venerated;   chastely,  and  withyea». 
devotion,  and  with  law  and  with  rules  among  the  dergy ; 
with  prowess  and  with  valour;  with  honour  and  with 
renown  among  the  laity;  and  fruitful,  powerful,  firm,*^ 
secure;  for  fifteen"  years  in  the  chief  sovereignty  of 
Erinn»^  aa  Gilla  Mududa»^  said—  ^t^ 

A  boîling  sea,  a  rapid  flood —  Modnda. 

Brian  the  flame^^  over  Banbha  of  the  variegated  flowers ; 

Withont  gloom,^^  without  gnile,  without  treachery, 

Fifteen^*  years  in  full  prosperity. 

For  two  soore  years,  wanting  two,  was  he  chief  king  of 
Mumhain.  ^^ 


"  FifUen.  "Oa  bticroam  •065.,  B. 
JTeafM^.  ^^twdveyean." 

"  Erimi,    Wn.  hdTvenTi,  B. 

u  GiOaMududtL  B.  hasple,  '*the 
poetţ"  without  mtming  him,  nor  does 
Keating  give  the  poet's  name,  although 
he  quotes  the  same  stanza,  which  oc- 
ean in  the  poem  attributed  to  GioUa 
Modada  O^Caasidy,  abbot  of  ArdbTec- 
can,  and  preservedinthe  Book  o/Lecanf 
foL  812  a,  and  in  the  LeatHuur  Gabhala 
of  the  0*Cleiy'8  (Ma),  in  the  libreiy 
of  the  Bo^al  Iriah  Academy,  p.  239, 
stanza  51.  This  poem  begins  thiu : — 
0|ie  ogh  inif  na  naoffi,  and  contains 
a  list  of  the  kings  of  Ireland  from  the 
introdnction  of  Christianity  to  the  year 
1022.  O''F\aheitf8Ogy0.Proiog,p.2, 


^*  Torck,  or  flama  D.  reads  beo, 
"  living,"  but  brieo,  the  reading  of  B., 
of  the  Leaihar  GabholOf  and  Book  of 
Lecanj  has  been  adopted,  as  gÎTing  a 
better  sense.  Keating  has  bţieci^ 
"Brian  of  Breagh,''  or  Bregia. 

^  Without  ffloom.  B.,  Keating,  and 
the  Leabhar  Gahhaloj  give  this  line 
thus:— ţon  aaTnai|i  gon  beD  gon 
bţvoc.  The  Book  o/Lecan  reads,  ţan 
ciabai|i  gon  bec  ^wn  bţvoch. 

^^njUm,  B.,inthKeaiing,  Leabhar 
GabhdUi,  and  Book  ofLecan,  reads,  tnx 
Ce.,  "twdve  years"),  anda^liis^forţa. 

^7  Mttmhaku  B.  reads,  T>a  bliorooiTi 
cea|*Da  tmj  -oa  pidec  fio  bai  ifiT^iţe 
TTIiifnan.  "  Four  score  yeaia,  wanting 
two»  was  he  king  of  Hunster.** 


142 


coţcroti  ţae'otiel  tie  saHocibti. 


Haelmor- 
dha,  king 
of  Leinflter, 
brings  a 
tribute  of 
pine  trees 
to  Brian. 


Hearriyos 
at  Kinoonu 

GoTmlaith 
excites  him 
to  throw 
off  Brian*8 
yoke. 


Hisquanel 
with 

Mnrchadh, 
Briaii*88on. 


LXXXI.  T)a  luiT),  iinoţitu),  lafifin  Tnaelmotvoa  tnac 
TfluficoDa  [11  Logen  v  inT)luctiT)  q[ii  feolcţxanT)  giuţniis 
'DibbaiT)  pe'oa  5«^llbi  'oo  bţiian  co  Ceiro  Cojicro  .1.  reol- 
cfiaiTO  o  Uib  palp,  ocuf  f  eolcjianT)  o  Uib  paelon,  octif 
feolcfiaiTD  o  Uib  ÎTluiţieDais  [ocuf  o  Laigif,  octif  o  na 
rpi  CoTnnaib.]  Co  cafila  unaţibaig  ecoţiţio  ac  voiz  in 
nagai'D  flebi  mboccaic,  co  n'oecai'o  in  ţii  pein,  .1.  fnael- 
mop-oa,  po  peolcjianT)  Ua  paelan,  ocup  înnaji  pţiâil  cuc 
Opian  pemi  'oo  ocup  copcaip  [6ip]  ina  nmcell,  ocup 
cnaip  apsaic  anT),  bai  in  rinap  umi,  ocup  tnebaiT)  cnap 
•Da  cnapaib  pepin  pei'oim.  CCp  poceam  'ooib,  imoppo,  co 
CenT)  CopaT),  caii  in  pi  a  inap  "oe  ocup  puccro  T)ocuni  a 
pecap  e  'oo  cup  cnaip  apgaic  inT)  .1.  "oo  cum  ^opmloici 
ingini  ÎTlupcaDa  mna  Opiain,  ocup  pobi  pi'oe  mauoip 
T)oncaDa  mic  bpiain.  Ro  gab  in  pigan  înmnop,  ocup 
ruc  upcup  ipin  reniT)  'oe,  ocup  po  bai  ica  cuppacoD,  ocup 
ica  spepafc  a  bpacap,  "Daig  ba  holc  le  mogpani,  ocup 
•oaippini  ocup  'oocpa  "do  'oenum  -oo  neo£,  ocup  in  nî  nap 
paemacap  a  a€aip  na  pena€aip  'oo  p6maD  7)6,  ocup 
apbepc  co  pippea'o  a  mac  apa  rfiac  in  ni  cetnia. 

LXXXII  'CohpuiT)  ppiinoip  puigill  ecoppo  ocup  ÎTlup- 


^  After  ihis.  Peccuy»  ryo  twb 
TnaotmoTVii'Da,  B.,  "Once  npon  a 
time  Maolmorâha,  &c.** 

«  Convqf,    "OiTi-oiticcm,  B. 

•Pmm.  LiL,  '*sail-tree0  of  ţdne." 
T^i  i^eolcTianx)  ngiupa  •opîcrotkn'o 
pewx  ţcnble  co  btwcm,  B.  ^Itbi 
in  the  text  is  probably  a  mistake  of 
traxLBcription  in  the  MS.  D.  for  'gonbti. 

^  Ui  Faelain.  In  B.  theae  names 
are  In  the  singular,  6  Pont^e,  6 
paoldin,  6  ÎTltUTieToais;  and  the 
WOTds  '*and  from  Laighia,  and  from 
the  three  Commainns,"  are  omitted, 
being  an  evident  interpolation,  for 
otherwÎBe  there  would  have  been  more 
than  three  maats.  This  clause  has, 
theref ore,  been  placed  within  bracketa, 
althou^  it  occun  In  the  text  of 
D. 


•  The  kmg  himteff,  B.  reids,  ţu^ 
Icngean  t^ein,  "  The  king  of  Leinater 
himaelf,**-  onutting,  .i.  TTlaetmofi'Da- 
The  dispute  was  evidentlj  for  prece- 
dency  among  the  three  tribee  who  bad 
suppUed  the  masts;  and  it  bzoke  oct 
at  a  boggy  place,  wfaere  it  became  oe- 
cessary  to  proceed  in  single  file,  and 
the  question  arose  who  shoold  go  fint, 
the  king  himself  dedded  the  queitioii 
by  asaiating  to  cany  the  mast  of  the 
Ui  Faelain. 

>  Buttoru,  B.  reada,  ocup  tnofi 
ŢXvo\l  cuce  bîtian  t>o  iwimbe  pn, 
ocuy»  cojicaifi  6tii  in  a  tntndeaU, 
ocuţ*  cnapit)e  aiîxgîc  cmn :  "Andhe 
had  on  a  sQken  tunic  wliich  Brian  had 
gîven  him  before  that,  wfaich  had  a 
border  of  gold  around  it,  and  sîlrer 
buttonaonit**  Thia  gift  was  the  tokeo 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAJLL. 


143 


LXXXI.  After  this,^  Maelmordha,  son  of  Murchadh,  MAeimor- 
king  of  Laighiu,  set  out  to  convey^  three  rnasts  of  pine»  ^1:^, 
of  the  trees  of  Fidh  Gaibhli  to  Brian  to  Cenn  Coradh,  viz.,  bnng»  a 
a  mast  from  the  Ui  Failghe,  and  a  mast  from  the  Ui^^J^^IJ^ 
Faelain,^  and  a  mast  from  the  Ui  Muireadhaigh  [and  from  to  Briui. 
Laighis,  and  from  the  three  Commainns].     But  a  dispute 
took  place  between  them  when  ascending  a  boggy  moim- 
tain,  whereupon  the  king  himself/  viz.,  Maeknordha,  put 
his  hand  to  the  mast  of  the  Ui  Faelain,  having  a  silken 
tunic  which  Brian  had  previously  given  him,  which  had  a 
border  [of  gold]  round  it,  and  sUver  buttons® ;  the  tunic 
was^  on  hîm,  and  one  of  its  buttons  broke^  with  the  exer-  He  arriTw 
tion.*    Now,  when  they  had  amved  at*®  Cenn  Coradh,  the  **  Kinco». 
king  took  off  his  tunic,  and  it  was  camed  to  his  sister  to 
put  a  silver  button  on  it,  viz.,  to  Gormlaith,^^  daughter  of  Gormiaith 
Murchadh,  Brian's  wife**;  and  she  was  the  mother  of  ?*"^^^ 

f  '  rm  ^  throW 

Donnchadk,  son  of  Brian.     The  queen  took  the  tunic  and  off  Brian's 
cast  it  into  the  fire** ;  and  she  began  to  reproach**  and  ^^^^ 
incite  her  brother,  because  she  thought  it  ill  that  he  should 
yield  service  and  vassalage,  and  suffer  oppression  from  any 
one,  or  yield  that  which  his  father  or  grandfather  never 
yielded;  and  she  said  that  his  [Brian's]  son  would  require 
the  same  thing  from  his  son.*^ 
LXXXII.  Some  peevish  words  followed  between  him  and  His  qnarrei 

with 

MnichAidli, 
^*  ReproacK   B.  omită  ic  a  cti|vţxi-  Brian'»  son. 

ccpo  octiy». 

i<  E%8  son,   This  is  better  ezpressed 

in  B.,  thus:— -ooiK  ba  holc  le  vno^- 

foine  TIO  "DcnTii^e  -00  dup,  -oo  neoâ 

ele  ţxniv,  .1.  an  ni  na|v  ţaom  a 

a6aitv  no  a  ţ^enotaifi  fiiarh,  ocup 

acbeţic  p6p  co  ptipecro  mac  bţiiain 

a|i  a  rhacfan  ina  'oiaig,  ocup  ga6 

"Duine  n^Ţ  apxnle :  "  For  she  thought 

it  ill  that  service  or  vassalage  should  be 

yielded  by  him  to  any  one,  a  thing  that 

his  father  or  his  grandlather  never 

yielded ;  and  she  said  also  that  Brian's 

son  would  hereafter  require  it  £rom  his 

[Maehnordha^s]  son,  and  aU  other  men 

afterwards."* 


of  his  vassalage  to  Brian.  See  above, 
note  >,  p.  182. 

^  Wat.    Ocup  «DO  bi|  B. 

•  Brdhe,    "Oo  Theabai'6,  B. 

^  Exertion.  Re  ni6T>  an  pe'oniat  B. 

^^  Arriotd  aL  CCţi  ccoţiadcoin 
imoTifio  TK»^  B. 

u  OurmloUh.  B.  reads,  catl  on  ţii 
a  lonafi  "oe  'do  cuţi  on  cnaipe  onn 
£uni  ţofimUroa :  '*  The  king  put  his 
tunic  off  to  have  the  button  put  on  by 
Gormlaith." 

M  W\fe.  .1.  bean  bfiioin,  ocup  "oo 
W  pin  motoifiţ  7c,  B. 

"-FVre.  Ocup  T>o  beţie  ujvâaTi  "oe 
ipin  ceine,  B. :  '*She  made  a  cast  of 
it  into  the  fire.** 


144 


coscToti  sae-Dtiel  ne  ţallccibti. 


fioD  aţi  macin  cţie  ţiirimţiefain  pi'ocellaci^a  .1.  TTltipforo 

ocuf  Conaing  baraţi  ic  imiţxi;  pcilli,  bai  maelTnofiTHi 

ac  cegofc  aţi  nfluiiSaT),  ocuf  ţio  nncoifc  beiţic  Diaţibo 

duci  ţx)ţi  TTlupcaT).    Ro  peţigaiceD  ÎTluţicoD,  ocuf  of- 

beţic,  1f  ru  zuc  comaţili  'oo  gallaib  in  can  ţio  meboiT) 

Madmor-   poţifiu.    Ro  jiaiT)  TTlaelino|n)a  -do,  bepoD  comaţili  aţiiţ* 

inanger.    'DOib,  ocuf  ni  meba'D  pofiţu).     CCfbeţit:  TTluţicaD,  biT)  mv 

ibaji  inaiţin  accur  paoein  'ooib.    Ro  peţigai'oeT)  îTlaeV 

Tnofi-Da,  ocuf  'oa  cuaiT)  "oa  €15  lebca  can  ce'oacu'o  can 

celebţiaT). 

BriansendB     LXXXIIL  Ro  hînnifeT)  fen  'oo  btiian,  ocuf  ţio  cuiţi 

Jjij®^^     gilla  na  'Diai'o  "oia  afca*©  coţifio  ajailleaD  b^iian,  ocu|* 

cofiţiucaT)  cţiOD  ocuf  cuaţiafcul  leif.    1f  am)  fin  ţiuc  in 

gilla  paiţi  1  cin*©  claiţi  C1U1  *Odlua  allanaiţi,  ocuf 

feiffiw^  ^c  '^^^  ^T^  ^  ®^  anT).    'Cohţiai'o  pi€nof  eoiţiţiu 

ocuf  in  pila,  ocuf  impoif  pfiifin  gilla,  ocuf  -00  bepi: 


1  Conaing,  "  Conaing,  son  of  Donn- 
chnan,"  Keating^  Le.,  Brianta  nephew 
who  waa  afterwards  killed  at  the  bat- 
tle  of  Clontarf ;  bat  Keating  adda,  tio 
•00  tiĂifi  'Ofitunge  a-p  6  CoTnofiba 
Caoim  jiii  ţhlinne  "oa  toi  -do  bî  05 
imitic |v6  TTluţvcha'D.  "Or  accord- 
ing  to  some  it  was  [Conaing]  socces- 
flor  of  St  Kevin  of  Glendaloch  that 
waa  playing  with  Murchadh,"  mean- 
ing,  no  doubt,  Conaing  O'Carroll,  ere- 
nagh  of  Glendaloch,  whose  death  ia  re- 
oorded  by  the  Four  Maştera  at  1031. 

>  DefeatecL  Keating  adds,  ag  ccc6 
^mnemania,  "at  the  battle  of  Glen- 
mama,"  which  ia  evidently  the  defeat 
alluded  ta 

'  Yewiree.  AllndingtoMaolmordha 
having  concealed  himaelf  in  a  jew  tree 
after  the  battle  of  Glenmama,  see  eh. 
IxxL,  p.  119,  supra.  Keating  softens 
this  insulting  speech  into  a  yUin  ipwn 
pn,  aţi  TTliiT^cro,  "  X  defy  thee  to  do 
it,  said  Murchadh." 

«  Taking  leaoe.  The  whole  duip- 
ter  îs  thna  giyen  in  B.:  01*6  cţui 


adc  canla  pniCtiOfcc  rnitill  nwn 
maticho^  (mac  brudin),  ocor 
Concnng,  ocuf  icro  oc  imitvc  pcalti. 
Do  ceogon'pg  TTlaolmoiiţi'Da  bejvc 
ofi  Tnuţicha'D  T>a  ixuga'D  cimte 
ţ^oîfi.  Ro  ţeaixgaiser»  TTIuţichoc^ 
TYion  beific,  ocuţ»  ţio  ^^  afv  TTI  aol^ 
moţiţi'Da,  ocuf  a^beţic  n^'f :  oy* 
XM  cuce  cm  dorfiaiţile  'Dona  gatlcnb 
an  la  fio  meatSoi'D  pofiţia  Ro 
ivdfo  TTlaotTnotiti'oa  afi  na  înroeit- 
506  co  m6fv:  T)o  befiţxx  corhoiftie 
T>6ib  a|iif  yf  1106a  maispe  oţvţux. 
CCcbeţicîTliJiicha'D,  blo^  anciâbai\ 
ma  difice  ipon  z6\n  xya  cncxxi,  aţi 
Ţe.  'Do  ciioi-D  XVI  Loigen  -oa  ceg 
teabta  ^cm  ceao^s^  P^  ceilea*- 
bţvaD :  "  It  happened  also  that  he  had 
Bome  hasty  words  with  Morchadh,  son 
of  Brian,  and  Conaing,whowere  playing 
chess.  Maolmordha  taoght  a  moTe 
against  Morchadh  by  which  the  game 
went  against  him.  Morchadh  became 
angry  at  this  move,  and  he  looked  at 
Maolmordha  and  said  to  him,  Thon  ari 
he  who  gETest  ad^ioe  to  the  f  orogncis 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


145 


MuTchadh  the  next  moming,  arising  out  of  a  casual  contro- 
versy  at  chess;  for  as  Murchadh  and  Conaing*  were  play- 
ing  chess,  Maelmordha  was  teaching  against  Murchadh, 
and  he  advised  a  move  by  which  a  game  went  against 
Murchadh.  Murchadh  became  angry,  and  said:  "  It  was 
thou  that  gavest  advice  to  the  foreigners  when  they  were 
defeated."^  Maelmordha  said:  ''I  will  give  them  advice  Madmor- 
again,  aud  they  shaU  not  be  defeated"  Murchadh  said :  ^^^J'*' 
"Have  the  yew  tree*  made  ready  for  them  by  yourself." 
Maelmordha  beoame  angered,  and  retired  to  his  bed-room 
without  permission,  without  taking  leave.* 

LXXXIII.  This  was  told  to  Brian,  and  he  sent  a  mes-  Briansendi 
senger*  afber  him  to  detain  him  imtil  Brian  should  con-  ^,JJ*^*^ 
verse  with  him,  and  until  he  should  carry  away  with  him 
cattle  and  pay.  The  messenger  overtook  him  at  the  end 
of  the  plank-bridge  of  Cell  D&lua,  on  the  east  side,  and  he 
waâ  mountinghis  horse  there.  A  dispute  ensued  between 
him  and  the  messenger,  and  he  turned  on  the  messenger 
and  gave  him  a  stroke  of  a  yew  horse-switch  on  his  head, 


on  the  daj  when  they  were  defeated.  | 
Haolmorâha  said  in  great  wrath,  I 
will  give  them  advice  again,  and  they 
ahall  not  be  defeated.  Murchadh  said, 
Let  the  yew  tree  be  ready  for  thee  to 
sit  on,  said  he.  The  king  of  Laighen 
went  to  his  bedchamber,  withont  ask- 
ing  permission,  without  taking  leave." 
On  comparing  this  passage  with  Keat- 
ing's  narrative,  and  with  the  context, 
it  is  evident  that  something  Îs  omitted 
in  both  MSS.,  and  that  we  should  read, 
"  Maolmordha  retired  to  his  bedcham- 
ber, and  next  moming  left  the  Koute, 
withont  asking  permission  or  taking 
leave."  KeatingsaysjOifipfafnuca 
no  Tnco'one,  ocu|*  pogbaiY*  an  bail>e 
5om  ceitiobţvoTD  -00  btiian:  "He 
arose  early  in  the  moming  and  left 
the  place  without  bidding  farewell  to 
Brian." 

^  Afeasenger.  Doctiinsillasiicroa 
-DO  |?^Ti  'DO  ^xyŢcai)  |v1  Laiţen,  .1.  Co- 
Satidn  ainm  an  5iolla,ocuf  beifiiţ» 


an  gtlla  paifi,  ocuţ»  iiai-oir  niif 
cl<y6  co  IV15  e^venT)  cap,  cen-o  cuafi- 
aţxait  6^xi  ocuj*  61^x15^  Impa-p  an 
X^A  x^^Ţ  ocijy»  ţ^  ap.  ec  a  can^o  claiţi 
Citle  TxX  tua,  ocuţ*  C15  beim  xxm 
eatUttŢc  itknp  50  sup  bfiiy*  cnartia 
an  âm-D  tiite,  ocu|*  ly»  inicat\  bai 
-paiii  co  ceoj  1115  0|ienT>,  B, :  "  He 
sent  an  officer  of  his  own  to  stop  the 
king  of  Laighen.    Cogaran  was  the 
name  of  the  servant;  and  the  servant 
gave  him  the  menage,  and  asked  him 
to  retum  to  the  king  of  Ireland  for 
wages  of  gold  and  vestments.     The 
king  [Maelmordha]  turned  upon  him, 
and  he  was  on  horseback  at  the  head 
of  the  plank-bridge  of  Cell  di  lua, 
[Killaloe],   and  struck  him  a  blow 
with  a  horse-switch  of  yew,  so  that  he 
broke  all  the  bones  of  his  head,  and  he 
was  carried  back  to  the  house  of  the 
king  of  Erinn."    The  next  danse  from 
imaficufi  to  dmm  in  gitta,  is  omitted 
inB. 

L 


146 


cosoroti  sacDliel  ne  sallccibti. 


Maelmor- 
dhs  smites 
the  mesaen- 
ger. 


He  raises  tk 
rebellion 
against 
Brian. 


withthe. 
kingsof 
Cmirbra 
and  West 
Brefni 

eunders 
eath. 


beim  v^  eafilaifc  ibaiji  t>o  na  ^erw,  coţi  bţiif  cnama 
in  cirn)  uli.  1nia|icuţi  bai  paiţi  in  pila  co  CenT)  Cojiod. 
Cocaţidn,  'ona,  ainm  in  gilla.  Robail  vo  paiţiinT)  cm'o 
cocc  ina  'Diai'o,  ocuf  can  a  lefuT)  af  cowcro  ţwaţiac. 
CCfbeţic  bţiian  if  ţîoţi  colba  a  €0151  pein  ţu)  fiţipeoi) 
coiji  paiţx,  ocuf  ni  pell  ina  €15  -ţein  "00  jenaD  ţîaip. 

LXXXIV.  Ho  ţ\)ic,  imoţipo,  Tnaelmotvoa  in  ai-ochi 
fin  co  8in  teaf  CCbcnn,  1  nUib  bu'oi  .1.  co  reafi  ÎTlic  beţWKii, 
yiig  Ha  mbu'Di.  Uo  foic  moC  aţinamBaiiac  in  ^aţ^^'^^cf'"" 
nai^,  co  rea£  "Ounlain^  mic  'Cuacail  .1.  ţii  la^xCaiţi  Li^i, 
octif  rimaiţi^cefi  mcrci  Logen  ina  conni  co  ţiici  fin, 
pcuf  ina  coni7)ail ;  ocuf  înnifiT)  "ooib  mif aDUf  •oogbcnl 
•00,  ocuf  aii  bfiecfii  tk)  rabaifc  aiţi  pein,  ocuf  aji  in 
cugOT)  uli.  If  1  comajili  po^i  aţi  7)eUn^  leo  impo  aţi 
br^ian,  ocuf  paiT)iT;  recea  co  piairbeţiTxic  mac  1Tlufice|i- 
raig  Ui  Neill  .1.  co  ţiig  CC1I15,  ocuf  aiCnic  "oo  co^o^  do 
'oenam  pţii  îTlaelfeclainT),  ocuf  ffii  hUlraib,  foiceţi 
foffa  ele  co  peţijal  Ha  Tluai|ic  co  ţii^  bţiefni,  ocuf  co 
hUalsanr  Ua  Cian-oa  ni  Canbni,  ocuf  foemair  fin  uli. 
,mp<yD  aîv  bpion. 

*0.o  foni  piarbeţxrac  cţiec  1  THi'oi,  ocuf  fo  infveTXip 
pofimofi  1TliT)i  leif.  CCf  'oifi'oe  no  maţiboD  Ofli  mac 
IDubcinT)  micimaiţi,  pefi  sţuroa  "do  Oîiian,  ocuf  THoţimaeii 
•oa  maeyiaib  e,  ocuf  fochai'oe  ele.  *Oo  ţxonar)  cţiec  moţi 
ele  fie  hUalgaţi^  Ua  Cia|iT)a  ocuf  fie  pefigal  Ua  Huaific 


1  Purtue.  Hop  6il  'oţoiiiifin  ann 
zotn  an'oeafyjai}  ţii  taigen,  ocaf 
gem  a  leipn  «ff  50  mcco  iviatva6, 
B. :  "Some  were  amdoiia  to  ponne 
the  king  of  Laigen  and  not  to  let  him 
o£F  nntil  he  made  subminion." 

>  J)emamd,    diTipemai'O,  B. 

*  Dreaehenmt,  Ocuf  nipeallmcqfi 
toJ  p6in  T)0  gânom  pâiţi,  B. 

•  ^oâlmordka.  înaotnio|ip,'Da 
mac  îTluţichorDa,  B. 

^  Arriced.    Ramic,  B. 

^SonqfBerdoL  CofeinLtrCCbâifi 
in  tiib  bui-oe  co  ceî'mic  OeiTt'oe, 
B.:  "At  Senlis  Ab&in  [old  Fort  of 


St  Abbaa]  in  Ui-Buidhi,  to  the 
of  the  8on  of  Benne." 

''f  Earlp,  For  fno6  arinotmlxifuic, 
B.  reada  oţvticnnafuxd. 

s  Aââembled.  Oicof  jU)  timoijig- 
fecca|\  mente  an  dtiicci^  mie  ma 
comneocuf  matofti'oâiUB.:  **Aiid 
the  nobles  of  the  whole  provmoe  as- 
sembled  to  meet  hun,  and  in  his  pie- 
sence.** 

*  BâedvetL    B.  omits  ntx^hmt  t>o. 

^^  Ikcuian,  If  1  coihainle  aţi  ayi 
onnea^  oca,  impo^  ayv  Oixion,  B.  *. 
**  This  waa  the  dedaion  that  they  came 
to^  to  tom  against  Brian.** 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.         147 

and  broke  all  the  bones  of  the  h^ad.     It  was  necessaiy  MiMlmor- 
to  carry  the  mesaenger  back  to  Ceim-coradh.    And  Co-  ^^^^, 
car&n  was  the  name  of  the  messenger.    Some  were  anxious  gv 
to  pursue'  him  [Maelmordha]  then,  and  not  allow  him  to 
escape  until   he  made   submission.     But  Brian  said  it 
should  be  at  the  threshold  of  his  own  house  he  would 
demand'  justice  from  him,  and  that  he  would  not  prove 
treacherous^  to  him  in  bis  own  house. 

LXXXIV.  Maehnordha^  arrived^  that  night  at  Sen  Leas  He  nbet  a 
Ab&inn,  in  Ui-Buidhi,  viz.,  at  the  house  of  the  son  of  J^^jiJJ" 
Berdai,®  king  of  Ui-mBuidhi.  He  arrived  early^  the  next  Brian. 
moming  at  the  Garbh  Thamhnach,  at  the  house  of  Dun- 
lang,  son  of  Tuathal,  king  of  larthar  Liphi ;  and  the  nobles 
of  Laighin  assembled^  to  meet  him  at  that  place,  and  in 
convention;  and  he  told  them  that  he  had  received^  dis- 
honour,  and  that  rep^oachfnl  words  were  applied  to  himself 
and  to  all  the  province.  The  decision^^  that  they  came  to 
thereupon  was  to  turn  against  Brian ;  and  they  sent 
messengers  to  Flaithbhertach,  son  of  Muirchertach  O'Neill, 
ie.,  to^^  the  king  of  Ailech,  exhorting^'  him  to  make  war 
upon  Maelsechlainn  and  Uladh;  and  other  messengers 
were  despatched  to  Ferghal  Ua  Ruaux;,  king  of  Brefni ; 
and  to  Ualgarg  O'Ciardha,  king  of  Cairbri;  and  these  all*' 
consented  to  turn  against  Brian. 

Flaithbhertach  made  a  plunder  in  Midhp,  and  the  0*Nem 
greater  part**  of  Midhe  was  ravaged  by  him.     It  was  on  Si,gg  of 
this  occasion  was  slain  Osii,'*  son  of  Dubhcenn,  son  of  ^"^ţE? 
Imar,  an  officer  of  Brian,  and  one  of  his  high  stewards,  Bi^efni 
and  many  more.    Another  great  plunder  was  made  by*®  piundei» 

u  To,    B.  omits,  .1.  co>  I  bfscketo  ia  a  mere  rapetition  by  a  ele* 

^  EadiOTimg,    OC  aitne  tm)  cobora     rical  eiror  of  the  scribe. 


■DO  «enaili  oţi  fDcwteclcmi'o»  tort- 
ceti  ţeaţHX  ele  co  htlalgcqitg  hva 
CicqftT^'Da  co  f.i  ConfipTie,  ocu-p  co 
Pefigal  6  tluaific  co  fii  bţieipne 
[pcvtŢ  a  cncne  tjo  cogoro  -oo  'oeitcnh 
afi  TTIaetedtaiTi'D  ocof  a|\  ţ:eaTvaib 


u  Tkete  dO,  This  cUiua  îs  omitted 
inB. 

1*  Grmkr  part  Uţifnop.  Tni-De 
tnte  tei|»,  octip  i|*  -oi  pti,  B, 

i<  Otii,  Or  Fosli;  the  Flosa  or  Flo- 
dus,  of  the  Sagas. 


tfli-oe,  ocuy»  impor»  a^i  bp.ian],  B. :        ^^By.Le  b tlalgafig  «a  CiofifVDai 


Bat  it  îs  evident  that  the  daiue  within 


ociir  le.    B. 

l2 


148 


coscroti  ţae'otiel  tie  ţallccibti. 


Ifadaech- 
Uunn  de- 
feats  them, 
A.D.  1012. 


He  plan- 
den  the 
foreignen 
aafaru 
Howth. 

Hiflsonand 

200otliers 

sUin. 


Thefo- 

teignen 

and  Lein- 

atermen 

plunder 

Heath. 

HaelMch- 
lainn  corn- 
plainsto 
Brian. 


poţi  ÎTlaelfeclainT),  coji  aiţisfec  ^^l'^ii^ct»  coţi  maţibfoc 
T)OTnnall  mac  ^OoncaiT)  ti  a  ÎTlaelfeclainT),  |ii§T)oiniia 
'Cemţiac,  ocuf  Ceţinac  mac  piauro,  ţii  Lini,  ocuf  ^enaii 
Ua  Leucan,  ţii  ^^^len^,  ocuf  fochai'oe  ele.  CCfcaţirois 
TTlaelfeclain'Diafifin  oţiio,  corucTllaelfeclain'oracu|i, 
ocuf  coţi  maţibai)  leif  Ual^aţig  Ua  CiapT)a  ţii  Capbpi, 
ocuf  Tkcoz  Ua  Ce^inacan,  aiţiţii  b|iepni,  ocuf  fochai-oe 
ele  am). 

*0a  ivonaD  c|iec  ne  ÎTlaelfeclainT)  lafifin  poţi  ^allaib, 
ocuf  fio  infiz:  co  OeinT)  €Dai|i ;  ocuf  fo  a|\ţiaiT)  Ofuco 
ÎTţaelmofT)a  mac  ÎTluţicaoa,  ocuf  8iqfiiuc  mac  OCmlaib, 
ocuf  gaill  ocuf  La^in,  ocuf  fo  maţibfcrc  in  T:f ef  qieac 
va  cţiecaib  uli.  lT)fX)caiţi  anT)  in  rCClbanafi  mac 
ÎTlaelfeclainT),  ocuf  lx)|ican  mac  eacnsejinx)  [fi] 
Ceneil  ÎTlecaif,  octif  va  cer  afoen  fiti. 

LXXXV.  T)a  fonaT)  mofflua^w  laffin  la  5allaib, 
octif  fe  tagnib,  ocuf  fo  hinfe*  ÎTli'Bi  leo  co  pabuf 
PeSin,  ocuf  f ucfac  bf air  mof  ocuf  buaf  T)iai|imici  leo 
a  'CefmuinD  "Pabaif.  X>a  locan  cea&a  laffin  o 
ÎTlaelfeclainT)  va  acaini  fin  fe  Of  ian  .1.  a  €if  ca 
hinf eT),  ocuf  a  macti  ca  mafbar),  ocuf  nafODdim  cocod 
gali  ocuf  Lajen  ocuf  bfepni  ocuf  Caf bf  1  ocuf  Cenel 
©ogain  in  oen  abull  paif. 


^Upon,    CCţi,  B.,  "agminst." 

>  ^f^  heir,  B.  omită  ivigDorhna 
T^Tn|va6,  and  reads  ocuf  gnp.  m  a|ib- 
foc  Ceatvna6  mac  Vloimi.  The 
Four  Masters  and  Ann.  Uit.  caii  him 
Ceamachatt, 

•  Lini.  So  in  both  MS.  But  we 
ahould  read  Luighne.  See  Fovr  MtuL 
and  Aim,  UlL  1012. 

«  Senan.  B6iia6  6  l6cân  |ii  ţonl- 
ens;  50  tvtiBfcrc  pixti  ÎTli-oe,  ocof 
TTlaelfeâlainn  tX)Tiîia,  ocuf  ctig- 
|Hro  cacaivoa  66ite,  pip.  maîibpcrc 
om-o  Ual^atvcc  na  CtapTi'oa  p.ig 
CaippTie,  octif  Tkrog  6  Ceyvnaddn 
oifiîxis  bp-eipne,  ocuf  -Daine  im-oa 
eile,  B. :  **  Senach  O'LOchăn,  king  of 


Qaileng ;  nntil  the  men  of  Meath  and 
Maelsechlainn  overtook  them,  and  they 
had  a  skirmish  together,  in  whlch  were 
slain  Ualgarg  Ua  Ciarrdha,  king  of 
Caiipre,  and  Tadhg  O'Cernacban,  sab- 
king  of  Brefne,  and  many  other  men." 
The  Fonr  Mastexa  read  "  Sen&n  Ua 
Leochan,  Lord  of  Gaileng." 

•  Overtook,  Over  afcaficois  in  D. 
the  original  scribe  has  written  no  ar- 
capi^D :  Le.,  ^^  or ofraţiits"  a  diiTereot 
f  onn  of  the  same  word. 

^AJltr  thit,  B.  omits  laţifin,  and 
reads  ap  galloib  ocuf  ţvo  hin^po^ 

7  BuL  B.  reads  ocaf  fitic  oppa. 
GCppoi'D  in  the  text  is  for  capp- 
ton'D. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WTTH  THE  GAILL. 


149 


TJaJgarg  XJa  Ciardha,  and  by  Ferghal  Ua  Ruairc  upon* 
Maelsechlaiim;  aud  theyplundered  the  Gailenga,  and  they 
killed  Domhnall,  son  of  Donnchadh,  grandson  of  MaeLsech- 
lainn,  royal  heir^  of  Temhair,  and  Cemach,  son  of  Flann, 
king  of  Lin^,^  and  Senan^  Ua  Leuchan,  king  of  Gaileng,  and 
many  others.  After  this,  Maelsechiainn  overtook'  them ; 
and  Maelsechiainn  gave  them  battle,  in  which  Ualgarg  Ua 
Ciardha,  king  of  Cairbri,  and  Tadhg  Ua  Ceamachan,  sub- 
king  of  Brefni,  and  many  others  were  killed  by  him. 

A  plundering  expedition  was  made  after  this^  by  Mael- 
sechiainn against  the  foreigners,  and  he  ravaged  as  far  as 
Benn  Edair;  but^  Maelmordha,  son  of  Murchadh,  and 
Sitriuc,  son  of  Amhlaibh,  and  the  foreigners,  and  the 
Laighin*  overtook  them,  and  killed  the  whole^  of  one  of 
their  three  plimdering  parties.  There  fell  there  the 
Albanach,^^  son  of  Maelsechiainn,  and  Lorcan,  son  of 
Echtigem  [king]"  of  Cinei  Mechair,  and  two  hundred 
along  with  them. 

LXXXV.  A  great  expedition**  was  afterwards  imder- 
taken  by  the  foreigners  and  the  Laighin,  and  Midhe  was 
plundered  by  them  as  far  as  Fabhar  of  Fechin ;  and  many 
captives  and  cattle  innumerable  were  carried  off  by  them 
from  the  Termon  of  Fabhar.  After  which  messengers  went 
trom  Maelsechiainn  to  Brian,  to  complain  of  this,  namely, 
that  his  territoiy  was  plimdered  and  his  sons  killed,  and 
praying  him  not  to  permit  the  foreigners  and  the  Laighin, 
and  the  Brefni,  and  the  Cairbri,  and  the  Cinel-Eoghain, 
to  come  all  together'^  against  him. 


Maelsech- 
Uinn  de- 
feats  them, 
A.D.  1012. 


He  plvn- 
dex8  the 
foreignen 
as  far  u 
Howth. 


His  son  and 

200othen 

alain. 


The  fo- 
reigners 
and  Lein- 
stermen 
plunder 
Meath. 


Maelsech- 
iainn com- 
plaint  to 
Brian. 


*And  tke  Laiffkm.  B.  has  ocu|^ 
SatltLai^en  "and  the  foreigners  of 
Laighen."    ţti  map-tifccc,  B. 

•  J%e  fohole.  B.  omits  nil.  The 
Fonr  M.  (1012)  read,  qfi«i6  -oia  cqve- 
aân1>,  "  one  of  his  plnndeiing  parties.'* 

u  The  AUfonack,  L&,  the  Scotchman. 
Ann.  InisfL  (Dubi.)  and  Four  Masten 
read,  "FUnn,  son  of  Maelsechiainn.** 
Fori-DTioccnmB.  reads,  ocQ'pcoTUxnţi. 


^  Kktff,  This  word  is  inserted  from 
B.  The  Four  Masters  say  that  it  was 
the  son  of  Lorcan,  not  Lorcan  hinuelf, 
who  was  slaîn  on  this  occanon ;  and 
they  add,  ''  This  was  the  defieat  of 
Drainen,**  now  Drinan,  oonnty  Dnblin. 

u  ExpedUion.  This  chapter  occurs 
only  in  D. 

^Together.  OCtraU  is  for  pcroball, 
**  at  the  same  time;**  timniL 


150 


cosoroti  scce^otiel  ne  sallocibti. 


Brian 
plnnden 
Oflfloryand 
Leinster. 

Murcliad 
devasUtes 
the  country 
from  GUn- 
daloch  to 
Kilmain- 
ham. 

Theyblock. 
adeDvblixL 


Brian  ad- 
vanoes 
agaiaat 
Dublin. 


Theanxili- 
ariei  of  thfl 
forojgnon» 


LXXXVI.  *0a  |ioncn)  moţi  fluageT)  ţeji  TTltiTnafi  octij^ 
Conacr;  la  bţiian  laţifin  in  nOfţiosib  ocut^  ilLognib, 
ocuf  |U)  iTiţiic  Ofjicftsi  leo.  T)a  foni  T11ti|i£crD  mac 
bfimiTi  cfiec  moţi  ilLognib,  ocuf  ţio  cnps  in  ci|\  uli  co 
ţiocc  f amuT)  Caimpn,  ocuf  ţio  înţiefcaiţi  in  ci|i  uli  ocuţ* 
|io  loifc,  ocuf  fiuc  bfiait;  moţi  leif,  ocuf  bua|iT)ia|imiui, 
ocuf  fo  yx)ci;  co  CillTTlaisnGnT),  co  paci  OC€a  Cliccfe.  Ro 
fiuacc  bjiian,  ctm,  octif  in  fltios  ina  com-ooil,  -oo  fonfonc 
pofibafi  ocuf  poţicomet;  ţo^i  0C€  Cli<3cc,  ocuf  pof lon^pofu; 
ani),  bacojfi  am)  fin  6  peil  Ciafian  poţmaiţi  co  nor;laic 
moţi,  ocuf  ni  ţio  ţiiaţiţ^oc  501 11  no  lojin  pţiifin  oen  giall, 
no  oen  car,  no  oen  coma  vo-  O  rapnic  "ooib  alloin  zamc 
bţiian  va  rccig  ţo  noclaij. 

LXXXVII.  T)o  gniCeţi  moţi  piu  ager)  ele  la  bţiian  aţi 
peil  poqioic  eţiţiaig,  "oo  ţabail  ţx)ţi  CC€  Cliai  ocuţ*  aţi 
Lagin.  Or  cualaraţi,  cţia,  jaill  in  rocaţr^ul  fin  cticu, 
ţio  cuţiii;  cefca  ocuf  peffa  aţi  ca€  le€  ua€ib,  vo  €inot 
uoţieac  ocuf  focţiaiT)i  cucu,  vo  ţiefcal  cafea  vo  bţiian. 
1flo  co£uţieD  cucu,  em  bţiODOţi  laţila,  ocuf  CCmlaib  mac 
ţii  loclanT)  .1.  TKL  laţila  Căiţii,  ocuf  ruafciţit;  8axan  uli. 


1  J^/Ur  thit,    B.  omitB  latifin. 
^Otraighe-  Thedaiuewiihiiibrack- 
ets  is  omitted  in  B. 

•  The  ickole.    B.  omite  iile. 

A  CaimJufhen:  i.e.,  tbe  raligiouB  hoiue 
OT  monasteryof  St  Caimbghen,  (St 
Kevin,)  of  Glandaloch.  According  to 
the  reading  of  D.  thia  devastation  was 
hy  Mnrchadh,  son  of  Brian;  bnt  B., 
by  omitUng  the  worda  within  braekets, 
makes  Brian  himeelf  the  devastator. 

*  CbiMlry.  Ocaf  ţu>  hint>ţia'6  cm 
ciŢi  tetf,  ocaf  IV1ICC  bfioiT)  mâţi 
eiţ'co,  ocitf  ţu>  paâc  co  Citi  TTIaig- 
tieonn,  co  ţxntâe  CCta  Oliat  oona 
flvag,  ocuf  "DO  ţumfocc  ţoţibcnf 
ocaf  ţofitoim^cc  toţi  CC6  Ctiat, 
ocof  vo  bcBCOfi  onti  6  ţett  Ciaţutn, 
TţU^,  B. :  **  And  the  coontiy  was  i»- 
Taged  by  him,  and  many  capUvea 
taken  by  him,  ând  he  marched  to 


Cin  Maiţ^enn,  to  the  green  of  Ath 
Cliath,  with  his  anny,  and  they  made 
a  si^ge  and  a  blockade  ronnd  Ath 
Cliath,  and  remained  there  from  the 
Feast  of  Ciaran,  &c" 

*  Tojamhm.  £»(.,  in  hia  praMoce : 
i.e.,  Brian  with  his  anny  came  np  to 
join  Ms  son  Mnrchadh. 

7  GretU  Ckritlmai.  See  abore,  p. 
118  and  p.  117. 

f  Spbndjf,  B.  reada,  ni  ţvo  ţviaţi- 
<"ftr*'^  gaill  iTicro  tcag;hi  «ro  ţrţuf 
cm  fxe  fm  im  pallt  im  cot,  fio  im 
comcn^. 

•iVoramau.    OCUmze^B. 

w  Om.    Itn,  B.,  "abont" 

u  In  tprmv    Om.  B. 

^AUadk.    "00  gabcnt  oţi,  B. 

1*  Whm.  O  tu>  cacitacafi  imofifio 
SmU/  CCtm  Ctiot  ţm  coideţ'cat  fm 
caca  caiţMt;  pefc^  ocaf  z^tca  ofi 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


151 


LXXXVL  After  this^  the  men  of  Mumhan  and  of  Briân 
Connacht,  under  Brian,  made  a  great  expedition  against  qI^^^^ 
the  Osraighe  and  against  the  Laighin,  [aud  Osraighe'  was  Leiiuter. 
ravaged  by  them.     Murchadh,  son  of  Briaa,  made  a  great  Murchad 
plnnder  of  the  Laighin],  and  he  devastated  the  whole*  ^T"^*^ 
coimtiy,  until  he  reached  the  community  of  Caimhghen/  from  GUn- 
and  he  ravaged  and  bumt  the  whole  country* ;  and  many  ^**^^^ 
captives  were  carried  off  by  him,  and  catite  innumerable ;  hJ!""- 
and  he  came  to  Cill-Maighnenn,  to  the  green  of  Ath 
CliatL     Then  Brian  and  the  army  arrived  to  join  hîm.^ 
They  made  a  siege  and  blockade  romid  Ath  Cliath,  and  Theybiock- 
an  encampment  there.    They  were  there  from  the  festival    *       *°' 
of  Ciaran  in  harvest,  to  great  Christmas^;  and  neither 
the  foreigners  nor  the  Tjaighin  yielded  him,  during  that 
time,  one  hostage,  nor  one  battle,  nor  one  subsidy.^    So 
when  their  provisions'  were  exhausted,  Brian  retired  to 
his  home  about  Christmas. 

LXXXVII.  Another  great  expedition  was  made  byBrium^i. 
Brian  on*  ®  the  festival  of  Patriek  in  spring,  *  ^  to  attaek  *  ^  Ath  ▼*»<»• 
Cliath  and  the  T<aighîn.    But  when^'  the  foreigners  heard  ^b^. 
of  Hm  muster  coming  against  them,  they  sent  messengers 
and  ambassadors  every  where  around  them,  to  gather 
tro<^  and  armies  unto  them,  to  meet  Brian  in  battle. 
They  invited  unto  them  Brodor,  the  earl,  aud  Amlaibh,  The  âaxm- 
son  of  the  king  of  Lochlann,  i.e.  the  two  earls  of  Cair,  "«Mo'tii® 
and  of  all  the  north  of  Saxon-land.**    These  two  were  **"*^*^ 


gac  le*  tia6ccib  -do  cm6l  fttiaife 
ocof  ţ^oâcnt»  cuca,  no  -ptiefcat 
cota  no  bfvian,  B.  It  will  be  seen 
that  D.  nade  ţiefcal  lor  ^pfiof'cal, 
omittiiig  the  iniţial  p,  as  uaual  in  that 
MS. 

i<  sLaoii-hHd :  meaning  England. 
B.  leada,  Ho  cocvifiecrD  cuca  omnpn 
bţunxxţi  lOTiloc  Cenţii  hOCfccroal 
mac  |vi  tochlotro,  ocnj*  CCţnceroat 
iaţ\taCaip.i  hCCpccrool,  .1.  |vi  mcny»- 
cejxc  8axaii,  ocii-p  caiţ^  loingp, 
TfiU :  '*  They  invited  to  them  Bfodar, 


the  Eail  of  Cair  Aacadal,  son  of  the 
king  of  Lochlann,  and  Aeradal,  earl 
of  Cair  ÂMsulal,  viz^  king  of  ^the 
north  of  Saxon-land,  and  the  chiefs 
of  shipe,  &c."  Tliere  ia  evident  lome 
conf  usion  in  these  readings.  The  An- 
nals  of  Loch  C^  caii  Brodar  loţila 
Ca6iTve  eabţUM^,  '*£arl  of  Caer 
Ebroc"  [i.e.,  Tork],  but  this  must  be 
a  mistake.  The  ronumtie  tale,  caUed 
'*  The  Batâeof  CUmtarf,"  has  "  Brodar 
and  Aflgal,  two  sons  of  the  lung  of 
Lochlann.** 


152 


coţcroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  ţaUccibli. 


Superiority 
of  the 
Danish 
annonr. 


Sigtird, 
earl  of 
Orkney, 
amveswith 
an  army 
f  rom  the 
Isles. 


Hie  8ons  of 

Uip  klng  of 

France, 

with 

others,  join 

againrt 

Brian. 


"Coifis  lonsfi  octif  inaţibrai^  ocuf  'oanaip.  iaiirai|i 
6oţipa  uli  in  T)iaf  fin,  can  coji  11,  can  aimnn,  can  ficPDUf, 
can  comafici  vo  *Oia  no  va  'ouni,  'oo  cili  no  vo  nemecro, 
ocuf  pice  cer  'oanaţv  t)ian,  T)oli5,  'oibeţvcaf,  'ouficfiai'Deac, 
'DO  CCnnfiapsacaib  allmap-Daib  inganracaib,  aca  cpeic, 
ocuf  ica  paicleaT)  babein,  no  aţ\  ofi  ocuf  aţi  afi^oc  ocuf 
aţi  cac  înmuf  aţicena.  "Ni  bai,  imoţijU),  "oanafi  no 
•oibeţigac  'oon  piCic  cet;  fin,  can  Itiţiig  lain'Deîv5a,  ixiilc, 
T:ţien7)tialai5,  raiT:nemai5,  "do  laţi un*©  airh  airlegfa,  no 
'Duma  înnuaţi  nemefgi'Di,  ima  coebaib,  ocuf  imnia  cne- 
faib  leo  o  cennaib  co  bon'oaib. 

Ro  rocufie-D  cucu,  'ona,  8iuc|iaiT)  mac  Loraifi,  laţila 
înţ^  Ofc  ocUf  na  ninfi  afcena,  ocuf  comcinol  floij 
buiţib,  baţibafDa,T)iceilli'D,'Docifc,  'Doconiain'D,T)o^allaib 
infi  0|ic,  ocuf  infi  Cac ;  a  ÎTlanainT),  ocuf  a  8ci,  ocuf  a 
LeoDUf ;  a  Cin-o  'Ciţii,  ocuf  a  hCCi|ie|i  goeDel,  ocuf  tki 
baţiun  a  Coţiţi  biiernaib,  ocuf  CoţxnTKibbliceoc  a  Opec- 
naib  Cilli  TflUni. 

Ro  co€uf  eT)  cucu,  'ona,  Caţvlur  ocuf  eb^iic,  va  meic 
fiig  Ppanc,  ocuf  plac,  q[ien  tniliT)  LoclanT),  ocuf  Conmael 
T;jieiceU  X>a  ţi occ,  q[ia,  in  longef  fin  af  cac  aipro  co 
hCCc  Clia€.  bai,  'ona,  foqiai'oi  aDbul  moţi  i  nCC€  Clia€ 
boDein  .1.  q[ii  cară  comojia  comnefira.  T)a  |U)cr,  "ona, 
tnoelmofoa  mac  THuţiSaDa  mic  pnT),  ţii  tosen,  ocuf 
focţiai-Di  tagen  ocuf  Ha  Cen'Ofelaig  leif,  co  CCr  Cliar. 
'Cţxi  cată  mofa  'oibfi'oe. 


^Diman.  Thia  word,  though  ori- 
ginally  ngnifying  Danes^  ia  often  lued 
in  the  senae  of  violent,  villanona,  fe- 
roooiia,  persona.  It  probably  haa  thia 
aignification  here,  and  ia  certainly  80 
nsed  again,  lines  4  and  7,  of  thia  page. 
B.  omită  tili,  **  oiL" 

•  VeneraHoH.  ţan  paicill*  gon 
aicciTiiii,  B. 

•  For  flion.  *Oo  "Dia  fio  'oâine, 
tK)  fiaefh,  tio  TK)  îieiniOT),  B. :  "  For 
€k>d  or  man,  for  saint  or  for  Banctnary.** 

«  Tufo  ikfmmmd.  LiL,  *'  twenty 
hnndred."    So  both  MSS. ;  bot  the 


Arm,  UlL,  Four  Matt^  and  Leabkar 
Crobhalaj  read  **  one  thoiuand." 

<  Hard-kemied.  B.  omită  t>iifi- 
qfvai'Deac,  and  roadă,  t>iifVDibeiicxa6 
T>o  'DhomTnaţvocaib,  snppjying  the  in- 
iţial t>,  which,  aa  nanal,  ia  dropped  in  D. 

^SeUmg.  CCfi  na  oqfveiCi  ocof 
atv  na  ccrniTKic  Ofv  6^1,  ocuf  ofv 
lonnmnf  moţuxen  ţiitf,  B. :  **Sd]ing 
and  hiring  themaelyes  for  gdd  and  for 
tieaanre,  along  with  them." 

7  7%ere  «wif  Mot  Hi  yunbe  imoţi- 
fio,  B. 

•  TripU'plalti,   tqfi^'miala]^  B. 


WARS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


153 


the  chiefs  of  ships,  and  outlaws,  and  Danars^  of  all  the 
westof  Eiirope,having  no  reverence,  veneration,»  respect,  or 
mercy  for  God  or  for  man,'  for  church  or  for  sanctuary,  at 
the  head  of  two  thousand^  cruel,  villanous,  ferocious, 
plundering,  hard-hearted,*  foreign,  wonderful  Danmar- 
kians,  Belling®  and  hiring  themselves  for  gold  and  silver, 
and  other  treasure  as  well.  And  there  was  not^  one 
villain  or  robber  of  that  two  thousand  who  had  not 
polished,  strong,  triple-plated,^  glittering  armour  of 
refined  iron,  or  of  cool  uncorroding*  brass,  encasing  their 
sides  and  bodies  &om  head  to  foot. 

They  invited  to  them  also  Siucrad,*^  son  of  Lotar,  earl  of 
the  Ore  islands,  ând  of  other  islands  also ;  with  an  assem- 
bled  anny  of  ignorant,  barbarons,  thoughtiess,  irreclaun- 
able,  unsociable  foreigners  of  the  Orc  islands,  and  of  the 
Cat  islands;  from  Manann,  and  from  Sci,  and  from  Iico- 
dhus;  from  Cenn  Tire,  and  from  Airer-gaedhel ;  and  two 
barons'*  of  the  Corr  Britons,  and  Comdabbliteoc  of  the 
Britons  of  Cili  Muni. 

They  invited  to  them  also  Carlus  and  Ebric,**  two  sons 
of  the  king  of  France,  and  Plat,  a  strong  knight  of  Loch- 
lann,  and  the  hero  ConmaeL*^  This  fleet  then  arrived** 
from  every  quarter  at  Ath  CliatL  There  were  also  in 
Ath  Cliath  itselP*  a  very  great  force,  namely,  three  very 
great  strong  battalions ;  for  Maelmordha,  son  of  Mur- 
chadh,  son  of  Finn,*^  king  of  Laighin,  and  the  muster 
of  Laighin,  and  of  Ui  Cennselaigh,'^  with  him,  came  to 
Ath  Cliath.     These  formed'®  three  great  battalions. 


Saperîoritjr 
of  the 
Danuih 
aimoor. 


Signrd, 
earl  of 
Orkney, 
arriveswith 
an  army 
from  the 
Isles. 


The  801U  of 

the  king  of 

France, 

with 

others,  join 

against 

Brian. 


'  Cool,  vncorroding,  1  nTyţniaiYi  neiTh 
meiTigiţ  im  a  cnea-paib  teo  6  in-ooit) 
co  bonnonb,  B. 

10  Sivcrad.  "  Sitric,  aon  of  Lodar,'* 
B.  "  Sichfrifh,  aon  of  Lodar,"  Four 
Miut  "Siuchradh,  son  of  Lodar," 
Aim.  UU.  ^'Signrd,  Hlodver'fl  son," 
Nidt$  Saff«Lj  cap.  clviii 

u  Ttoo  barons.  B.  reads,  OGuy^  a 
boTitm,  octi|»  a  Coifibivecccncnli, 
octij*  a  Coţinbticeoc,  ocuy*  a  b|vecrc- 
Ticnb  Cille  Tlluitie :  "And  from 
Barru  and  from  the  Corrbritona,  and 


from  Com-bliteoc,  and  from  the  Britons 
of  CiU-Muine  [St  David's]."     ^ 

W-E&ric    eilTMC,B. 

"  Conmael    TTlaol,  B. 

^*  Arrived  "Do  ţuxxaT>af\  Cîia 
cm  loingei*  |*in,  B- 

"  Ittelf.  B.  reads,  ocii|»  -oo  W  ţo- 
cţioi'De  crobab  m  CCt  Cbiat  p6in  .i. 
cfil  caca  commdţui  coimneţicae. 

»•  Son  ofFinn,    Om.,  B. 

17  And  of  Ui  Cemtelaigh.    Om.,  B. 

18  Tkeae/ormed.  \1oţ  octip  cţxl  cată 
cotnTndiia  •ooibţ^iTi,  B. 


154 


coscroti  ţcce^otiel  Re  ţccllccibti. 


Theforces 
of  Brian. 


He  plnn- 
ders  all 
aroond 
Dublin. 


Fingal  and 

Howth 

bomed. 


Brian  holda 
a  coonciL 


Tbe  march 
of  Brian's 
anny. 


LXXXVIII.  Imrufa,  itnoţiţu),  bfiiain  mic  CennerMS 
|ii  Ofienu  Ro  nnolic  finei  fein  no6  t)0  fiecaitv  6  'oo 
peficnb  eţiem)  .1.  'oa  ctiiceT)  îTltiman  ocuf  Conafitxi,  ocuf 
pyi  TlliT)i ;  octif  ni  ba  caiţifi  T)OfUin  piţi  ÎTIidi,  uocifi  "oa 
•pinţi  pein  coqfieicprnf  6  fie  hucr  în  ccrfa  fin,  ce  rati- 
caca|i  if  in  com^nol.  Ocuf  fianccrcaţi,  qfva,  co  liCC€ 
ClicrB.  Ocuf  ţu)  înţiic  Ha  ^obla,  ocuf  Ua  "OoncoDa,  ocof 
Pni  5«l'l'  uli  leo.  Ro  lofceT)  leo  Cell  THaignenT).  Ro 
cuţieT),  'Dna,  T)on£at)  mac  Oţiioin  ocuf  glafloii  T)alcai|*, 
ocuf  rţxef  cab  TU  uman  poţi  ruaCaib  Lccgen,  octif  n^oiaii) 
na  muinreţv,  T)ia  napcain  ocuf  "Oia  in'oţiitiT)  in  nţii.  Oc 
concacaţx  na  gaill  na  poţilofci  1  pm  ocuf  cuaifi^Ocaip, 
ranccrcayi  ina  nagaiT)  1 1TIo^  nBl'oa,  ocuf  |iof  com|\aicf©i; 
ocuf  mcf  ar;  a  ni'ona  cată  6f  aiyiu 

1f  an*©  bai  bţiian  an'Ofen  afi  poci  OCra  Cliac,  ocuf 
ma€i  T)dilcaif  in  aiţiecruf,  im  TflaelfeclainT)  ocuf  im 
THufifiax),  ocuf  im  Conain^,  ocuf  im  'Caog  mac  CoCail, 
ocuf  im  ma€ib  Conace  aţicena,  ocuf  piţi  îfluman,  ocuf 
ţMfi  ÎTli'oi ;  aer  maT)  enni  niţi  ba  yiun  oen  pfi  ic  pefioib 
tni'Di  fie  cafi,  no  ic  TTlaelfeclain'D. 

LXXXIX.  T)a  'oecafcaifi  bfiian  ucroa  "oafiaiff  co 
pacafcafi  ucro   in   cipi   comcfiuinT),  comofi,  cengailn, 


1  Now.    B.  omită  imoţiţu). 

>  King.    aiTVDTii,  B.,  "  chief  kîng.'' 

•  Oheyed,  1  n  neoc  po  pţveccaifi  ^ 
B.    LÂLy  "responded  to  him.** 

<  C9MKhL  B.  readfl,  ocuf  cnige^ 
Connadc,  ocuf  beocdn  w)  cvige^ 
tUcro:  "and  the  province  of  Con- 
nacht,  and  a  small  portion  of  the  pro- 
vince  of  Uladb." 

'^FaiUkfuL  Uob  eTXOîfiifM -od  f*cm 
pfi  Tîli'oe  congocaiv  na  tifi6l|  oifv 
•0615  Tw>  P'oiţ^  co  ccp.eioqpeccaif*  6 
fie  hti6c  an  cota,  B. 

>  iind  Uujf.    B.  omits  thÎB  olaaae. 
"^And  Ui  CMia.  Ho  hinTiţicro  hua 

ţaljîMi,  B.:    "They  plnndered    Ui 
Gabhra,"  &&,  onHting  «ui 

•  AILJL  omite  «ti  leo. 
^jyiAem.    B.  reads,  octif  1X0  loif- 

cet  Cltiam  Dalldin,  ocuf  Cell 


Tfloi^enn  la  bţxian  :  "  And  dnam 
Dftllain  [Clondalkin],  and  Cili  Maigii- 
nenn  [Kilmainham]  were  boint  by 
Brian." 

^New  leviei.  lÂL,  ««green  leries.** 
Co  nslafcroh,  DtAl  Amu.  Inu/., 
which  Dr.  O'Conor  tranalatet  "cum 
coernleiB  militibos  Daloa8sionmi,"  and 
explains  GaUo-^loMi,  or  aoldiers  painted 
a  livid  colour  to  excite  temrf  B&r. 
Hib,  ScfiptL  tom.  ii.  The  lomaBtie 
tale,  **  Battle  of  dontaif,'*  nada,  co 

"  Wen  tmU.    Ro  co^tiiţvecro,  B. 

"  Territoriea.    1  ţofica<k6aiV,  B. 

^*  The  oountnf.  *0a  nifinţuro  ocuf 
XXX  naţigcan,  B.,  "to  plunder  and 
«poiL" 

"  Saw,    Oz  oonnoai;aifi,  B. 

"  Fine.    pmi  ţall  ocuf  occnoit 


WAB8  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


155 


LXXXVIII.  To  retum  now*  to  Brian,  son  of  Cennedigh,  The  forc» 
king^ofErinB.    There  aasembled  around  hîxn  aJl  that »'»'«- 
obeyed*  him  of  the  men  of  EriBn,  naxaely,  the  two  pro- 
vinoee  of  Mumhain  and  Conacht,^  and  the  men  of  Midhe ; 
but  the  men  of  Midhe  were  not  faithful^  to  him,  for  he 
knew  himself  that  they  woidd  desert  him  at  the  approach 
of  that  battle,  although  they  came  to  the  aasembly.    And 
they^  now  reached  Ath  Cliath.     And^  Ui  Gabhla,  and  Ui  He  pion- 
Donnchadha^  and  all^  Fine  Gali  were  plundered  by  them.  ^^"  ^ 
Cili  Maighnenn  was  bumed  by  them.'    Then  Donnchad,  Dublin. 
8(m  of  Brian,  and  tJie  new  levies^^  of  the  Dai  Cais,  and 
the  third  battalion  of  Mumhain  were  sent^^  into  the  ter- 
ritories*'  of  Laighin,  in  the  absence  of  its  people,  to  spoil 
and  plunder  the  country.^'    When  the  foreigners  saw^^Fîngaland 
the  conflagration  in  Fine^*  Gali  and  the  district  of  Edar,  J^^ 
they  came  against  them  in  Magh  n-Elda^*^  and  they  met, 
and  raised  their  standards  of  battle  on  high. 

Brian  was  then  on  the  plain^^  of  Ath  Cliath,  in  council  Brian  hoids 
with  the  nobles  of  the  D61  Cais,**  and  with  Maelsechlainn,  *  ^""^^ 
and  with  Murchadh,  and  with  Conalng,  and  with  Tadhg, 
son  of  Cathal,  and  with  the  nobles  of  Conacht  together, 
and  with  the  men  of  Mumhain  and  the  men  of  Midhe;*' 
but  it  happened  that  the  men  of  Midhe  and  Maelsechlainn 
were  not  of  one  mind  with  the  rest.^" 

LXXXIX.  Brian  looked  out  behind  him  and  beheld  the  The  march 
batde  phaJaox,  compact,  huge.  disciplined.  moving  m'^^'' 


CDcnţi,  B.,  which  leadings  beiog  more 
cornet,  are  adopted  in  the  tranalation. 

^«InMaffhm-Elda.  CoTnagneica 
octrpiu)  cojwn  J'pec  a  maoticroa  certa 
Of  aifiT),  B.:  "To  Magh-n-Elta,  and 
they  imnged  their  itandards  of  battle 
on  high.** 

wPtow.    Pcntce,  B. 

MDa/  Cmt,  OcvtŢ  vncate  petv 
n6Ţienii  a  iicninea6i;a|*  ime  arm, 
rni  TYlotuxTD,  TC,  B. :  "  And  the 
nobles  of  the  men  of  Emin  with  him 
there,  with  Murchadh,^  &c. 


u  Midke.  B.  omită  all  mention  of 
Maelsechlainn  and  the  men  of  Midhe 
or  Meath,  and  reads,  ocuf  im  maitib 
Connadc  ocuţ*  Tîliiitian,  "and  with 
the  nobles  of  Connacht  and  Mnmhain." 

»  The  rut,  B.  reads,  CCcc  cetia, 
nlfi  bo  fiiiti  ainfMţi  05  Tnaet|*ec- 
lainn  |i6  ca6|  diyv  ititii|*ic  feon- 
doiTM  co  cxcnţinic,  7c.  :  "  But  Mael- 
eechlainn  waa  not  tÂ  one  mind  with  the 
rest;  for  historians  reUte,"  fte.,  pn>- 
oeeding  as  in  chi^  xc,  and  omitting 
the  wholc  of  chap.  Ixxxix. 


156  costTDti  Eae-Dtiel  Re  socUxnbti. 

copaifti  ccf€a,  co  cai  cafcac,  co  catfoiT»  coDnac,  co 
hoenrtTDac  oenmemnnac,  ic  flaigi  in  tnaigi  £ucu,  ocuf 
.X.  mepgi  ocur  W  PC'^  oţiţvo,  -do  'oepţ,  oc«r  "oo  bm™. 
ocuf  7>uaTii,  ocur  ^'o  cenel  ca£a  "oafea ;  mon  Tnep^i  fift 
foji  f uaCniT»,  fenca,  |xiinemaiL,  puc  boaiD  [caca]  cttCa 
ocUf  cafia  cLia€a,  ocuf  *^^^^  congaLa,  jiip  ap  bp!]**?) 
.un.  ca€a  conicei  înnuiaD  pn  .1.  mepgi  opEpanemail 
pepsait  Ua  Ruaipc,  aipupi  cua€  bpepni  ocuf  Conmacni, 
ocuj-  pepgaL  pein  am)pin,  ocuf  "Oomnall  mac  Rogalloif, 
ocup  S'^-^o  110  Hoem  mac  "Domnaitl  ua  pepgail,  ocoT 
mai^  cua*  bpoicni  ocui:'  Conmacni  apcena.  Ocup  can- 
cacap  gaipix;  on  lonspopc,  ocuy  xrn  paiTii^caii  an-o,  ocur 
came  pepjal  ocup  na  ma^  map  apabi  bpian  va  a^al- 
laim,  ocup  Tia  ţeapapcap  Opian  patlci  cuiroail  cap- 
■Demoil  pip,  ocup  po  epig  triupcai}  pemi,  ocup  po 
poi-opium  ina  mau  ;  ocup  pobi  bpian  ic  ■papţsngn)  pceL 
■oe,  ocup  mnippium  ■do,  CCen  mac  Ualţaipţ  Ua  CiapTW, 
pi  Capbpi,  TiemeT)  ciacc  Leip  T>ocum  in  foca  pin,  w 
cungnum  pe  Opian ;  ocup  po  maltaij  bpian  anxipin  Ua 
Ciapua  ocup  Capbpt,  ocup  cuc  bennacc  ap  pepgal  ocup 
ap  peapaib  Opepni  apcena. 

XC.  "DaiE  ipoT)  înnipic  paipem)  co  capnic  do  na 
halLmapacaib  a  cuapapcal  in  noDoich  pemi  pin  t» 
cai&um,  ocup  co  pancacap  co  Oein-D  ©ooip,  m  cpat  ac 
concacap  na  poplopci  ocup  in  cip  ica  hiupeo;  uatp 
capcocap  tk)  Opian  m  00015  1^""  capui  'ooib  co  cpnch 
eipgi  opnombapof,  con  no  poplopa  ţ»  -oenuni,  co 
cochainp  no  peolcpain-o,  ocup  ni  impobwiip  -oopip; 
uaip  pib  egoit  leo  gaipceo  fTlupCon),  ocup  "Odlcoip 
opfeno. 


I  Ftrsal  Umteff.    Thii  dupter  oc-  *Jiţfimd.    Tht  US.  hw  vmva, 

aut  in  D.  and  nat  In  B.    No  meation  lor  vţemev,  or  t>oţ«ine«. 

ot  Feigal  U>  Ruurc  and  hii  foUowen,  'Somt.    Seonchoi-âe,  B.,  "  bUo- 

u  pracnt  In  Uw  battle,  ii  to  be  found  riuu." 

in  the  Amuls,  nor  ia  he  mentioned  in  *  Battle.    In  <Tahaig   ţioiin*,  B^ 

tiu  Book  of  Conqacati,  or  1^  Kut-  "  the  niglit  batore." 

ing.  »  Wim  (%  «w.     GCn  nm  <n- 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDMIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


157 


âlence,  mutely,  bravely,  haughtily,  unitedly,  with  one 
mind,  traversing  the  plain  towards  them ;  and  three  score 
and  ten  banners  over  them,  of  red,  and  of  yellow,  and  of 
green,  and  of  all  kinds  of  colours ;  together  with  the  ever- 
lasting,  variegated,  lucky,  fortunate  banner,  that  had 
gained  the  victory  in  every  battle  and  in  every  conflict, 
and  in  every  combat ;  by  which  seven  battles  had  been 
gained  before  that  time,  namely,  the  gold-spangled  banner 
of  Fergal  TJa  Buairc,  chief  king  of  the  territory  of  Brefiii 
and  Conmaicni  ;  and  Fergal  himself  ^  was  there,  and 
Domhnall,  son  of  Eagallach,  and  Gilla-na-naemh,  son  of 
Domhnall,  grandson  of  Feigal,  and  the  nobles  of  the  ter- 
ritory of  Brefhi  and  Conmaicni  in  like  manner.  And  they 
came  near  the  tent,  and  stopped  there;  and  Fergal  and 
the  nobles  advanced  to  where  Brian  was,  to  meet  him,  and 
Brian  gave  them  a  hearty  friendly  welcome ;  and  Mur- 
chadh  rose  up  to  him,  and  seated  him  in  his  place.  And 
Brian  asked  him  the  news,  and  he  told  him  that  Aedh,  son 
of  Uaigairg  Ua  Ciardha,  king  of  Cairbri,  refiised^  to  aocom- 
pany  him  to  that  battle  in  defence  of  Brian.  And  there- 
fore  Brian  cursed  TJa  Ciardha,  and  the  Cairbri,  and  gave 
a  blessing  to  Fergal  and  to  the  men  of  Brefiii  also. 

XC.  Some,^  indeed,  have  said  that  the  pay  of  theAnother 
pirates  was  spent  the  night  before  that  battle,*  and**^"*^ 
that  they  had  gone  homewards  as  far  as  Benn  Edair, 
when  they  saw^  the  conflagration  and  devastation  of  the 
country ;  for  they  had  offered  Brian  the  night  before,^  that 
if  he  would  delay  the  buming  imtil  the  morrow's  sunrise, 
they  would  raise^  their  sail-masts,  and  never  retum  again^ ; 
for  they  dreaded  the  valour  of  Murchadh,  and  of  the  DU 
Cais  in  general 


conncacaji  na  poTvtoi|H*e  i  pine- 
gatt,  octi|*  QTi  clji  ga  htn-DfveT),  B. : 
**  When  they  saw  the  conflagration  in 
Fingall,  and  the  conntry  derartated." 
^  Nigki  btfore.  In  (rDong  ţioiriie 
pn,  B.,  "the  night  before  that." 


'  Thejf  tpoidd  raite.  Octi|*  oo  coc- 
patcip  B. 

8  Again.  Ocii-p  na  hionipo6T)at|* 
■DO  jii-oip,  tiaiti  |iob  ecccni  leo,  yc, 
B.  D.  has  |iib  for  fiob,,  evidently  aa 
error  of  the  scribe. 


158 


coţoroti  ţcce-otiel  Re  sallaibti. 


cnemy. 


AjMembiing  XCI.  CiT),  qfiQ  acTî,  fio  impoDaţi  1T)  loTigeof ,  ocuf  ccm- 
foreel  cocaţi  IU  oen  inoD,  ocup  jaill  OCra  Clia*,  ocuf  Lopn,  co 
ţiabctcafi  .un.  cerca  comofia  comneţica.  Cit>,  "ona,  ace  ba 
tKiiL  glecafi,  jonac,  glipreac,  puteai,  pofi-oeţis,  ogmqi, 
ogajib,  ifiţalac,  in  cofnTxnl  fin  T)âlcaif  ocuf  ţe|i  îTltimon 
ocup  Conacr,  ocup  peţi  bfiepii,  ocup  gali,  ocuf  Logen. 
Description  Oaca|i,  iTno|i|io,  T)UTi  T)afina  leiC  in  ccrBa  fin  jlaim 
**|^*'**"*"  Slonmof,  gtifinaf,  glecac,  galafi,  gnimafi,  safgbecyoa, 
•Duabfiţ,  "Dian,  "Deninierafi,  T)afacca£,  'oiceilliT),  *oocoifc, 
•oodomuint),  becDa,  bofb,  baf baţira,  bocroba,  oft,  o^Uim, 
annicqfiraCa,  ttflam,  ansbciT),  ifgalaS,  nemnec,  niotxt, 
ncmi'oeniail  "oanaiţi;  "oana,  T)UficfaiT)eca,  anniaf.gaichi 
ccnbli,  allmafoa  gaiU,  joţimslafa,  genrli-oi ;  can  fagiU, 
can  ccrouf,  can  crcinn,  can  comafci  vo  *Oia  no  tx)  'ouîii. 
baraf  leo  f en  vo  f efral  cară  ocuf  comloin'o  afa  cinT), 
fcnsci  fesi,  ţeocfacha,  fule«a,  fOf-oeTisa,  ţti^h\ih  ppi*- 
baccana£a,  ^efia,  50ifT:i,  junefa,  osmafia,  a«i,  acbeli, 
niarxt,  nemnefa  aţi  na  pobfe'o,  ocuf  ayi  na  fof uamnoD,  a 
ptilib  T)|iecon,  if  lofcenT),  if  T)obof noftfac,  tiifpţ^ec,  ifcoţip 
if  oncon  if  naftţiac  oitnemneac,  necfcnnail  af£ena,  iw 
cai€iurn  fein  ocuf  va  nibimcaT)  im  naifignib  ai^  ip 
iţigali,  if  ensnoma.  baraţi  leofen  fcngirbtiilc  baoba, 
bofibofoa,  ocuf  bogoroa  bla€i  blabtii-oi;  ocuf  Loipi 
lonna,  le^anglafa,  jefia,  gairiba,  vemmv,  i  lomaib  leT> 
meca,  "oana,  vti\i  tybefsafi  leo.  bacaf  leo,  rpa,  lupe&t 
lain'oeţiTKi,  lu^mafoa,  qfieDoalaSa,  qioma,  qnenrf eb^unt) 
TX)  laţiunt)  air,  cn^legfei,  ocuf  'Dtima  imnuaţi,  nemepjiTw, 
|ie  -Dinn  coţip,  ocuf  cnef,  octif  cenimitillais,  «oib  aji 
aţimaib  a€i,  aigbeli,  ocuf  ctin  ilpaebfaib,  ilib,  agmajia. 


Their 
weapona. 


^  One  place.    OCn  aen  toncro,  B. 
*A  ootffUcL    Cit)  cţui   ace   ba 

COlfl^DOt)  B. 

>  Womding,  Om.,  B.  In  the  next 
]fai«  B.  oaiJts  **  and  the  mm  of  Breloi," 
and  addfl  alter  *^  Laighin"  ţie  ceite, 
**  together,"  or  **  with  each  other." 

*OJAatbatlle.  boccaţv  "ona  TKm 
txtţva  leit  rxm  tat  fm,  B.  We 
have  here  an  extravagant  specimen 


of  the  heaping  together  allitefathre 
epithets,  in  which  the  Iiuh  bardic 
writentookddight  TofindEagliab 
eqniyalents  for  sach  absurd  verbositf 
ianoTtryprofitableoreasytask:  thve 
are  here  something  Uke  twentj-MrcB 
a^ectivee  strang  together  before  we 
come  to  the  sabatanthre  they  aie  fa- 
tended  to  deecribc.  The  corvMpondtDg 
passage  in  B.  ia  aa  follows:  5lântit 


WARS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


159 


XCI.  But  DOW  the  âeet  retumed,  and  came  to  one  place' ;  Assembiing 
both  the  foreigners  of  Ath-Cliath  and  the  Laighin,  and  they  i^^ 
formed  seven  great  strong  battalions.  And  then  ensued 
a  conflict,^  wrestling,  wounding,'  noisy,  bloody,  crimaoned, 
terrible,  fierce,  qnarrelsome:  that  conflict  of  the  Dai  Cais 
and  the  men  of  Munster,  and  of  Conacht,  and  of  the  men 
of  Brefoi,  and  of  the  foreigners,  and  of  the  LaighitL 

Now  on  the  one  side  of  that  battle^  were  the  shouting,  DescriptUm 
hateful,  powerful,  wresiling,  valiant,  active,  fierce-moving,  If  ^^^  ^"** 
dangerous,  nimble,  violent,  furious,  unscrupulous,  untam-  enemy. 
able,   inexoiable,  unsteady,   cruel,    barbarous,   frightfiil, 
sharp,  ready,  huge,  prepared,  cunning,  warlike,  poisonous, 
murderous,  hostile  Danars ;  bold,  hard-hearted  Danmark- 
ians,  snrly,  piratical  foreigners,  blue-green,  pagan;  with- 
out  reverence,  without  veneration,  without  honour,  without 
mercy,  for  Qod  or  for  man.    These  had  for  the  purposes  of  Their 
battle  and  combat,  and  for  their  defence,^  sharp,  swifl,  ^*»p<*'"' 
bloody,  crimsoned,  bounding,  barbed,  keen,  bitter,  wounding, 
terrible,  pierdng,  fatal,  murderous,  poisoned  arrows,  which 
had  been  anointed  and  browned  in  the  blood  of  dragons 
and  toads^  and  water-snakes  of  hell,  and  of  scorpions  and 
otters,  and  wonderful  venomous  snakes  of  all  kinds,  to  be 
cast  and  shot  at  active  and  warlike,  and  valiant  chieftains. 
They  had  with  them  hideous,  barbarous,  quivers;  and 
polished,  yellow-shining  bows;  and  strong,  broad  green, 
sharp,  rough,  dark  spears,  in  the  stout,  bold,  hard  hands 
of  freebooteis.    They  had  also  with  them.  poHshed,  pliable, 
triple-plated,  heavy,  stout,  oorslets  of  double  refined  iron, 
and  of  cool  imcorroding  brass,  for  the  protection  of  their 
bodies,  aud  skin,  and  skulls,  firom  sharp  terrible  arms,  and 
from  all  sorts  of  fearful  weapons.    They  had  also  with 


pitatt  gleooad,  ^loitiac,  gai|vcc- 

^  £aem,  curti'oatea  [clofortie],  ţ^lerh- 
Da,  |4/iopta,fliţ^6alai5eati,5lana, 
ţoTiTngtajM,  tttipie^  tap[ia6,  lain- 
t>efi'DG[,  'DOfct,  'oloTiţOf  "ooijinsealo, 


leoroTurD  octiţ»  p|i1  hcojilead,  ocoţ» 
pţil  hotâuma  cnej*,  ocaţ»  coţiţ»,  ocar 
cen-ofiitiUaig  'Dibtimb.  AU  that 
follows  in  the  text  ia  omitted  in  B. 
to  the  end  of  dup.  xdi. 

^Dtftnce,  LtC,  *«oyerth<ârhflftdB:" 
tia|xal  is  for  ţfi0|<cat ;  the  p  omitted 
as  ueiial  in  D, 


160 


coscroti  ţcce-otiel  Re  ţaLLcnbti. 


bccuayi,  •ona,  leo  clai-omi  calma,  ctifiaca,  qfiotna,  xxrpc- 

bulleca,  rail£i,  T^ţiena,  T^aiţibrefa. 

Description     XCII.   bacaţi,  iTTiofiTio,   T)OTi   lei€  ele  in  ca€a  fin, 

tEwaT'*  *   cutiaiT)  cfiODa,  comcalma ;  gan^iit)»  glan^epona, lu^maţia, 

leumeac,  lancalma,  nieţiT)a,  mofipiimac,  ullac,  aloinT), 

aliata,  byiurac,  bfii^ac,  bofifiptiT)ach,  niam'oa,  nua^eU 

nemejvcnec,  agmaţi,  engac,  ilbuaTMic ;  r|v6iT;  ocuf  raifis 

T^ţienl,  ocuf  qienmili'D  laec  gali,  ocuf  gaifciT),  enig,  ocuf 

engnuma  e^eni)  .1.  In  luaDi  leqfiom  ţio  bţiip  cac  rpen, 

ocuf  ţio  |iain  ca£  jior,  ocuf  fio  lin^  cac  "Docaifi,  ocuf  |U) 

lomaiyi  ca6  T^ţien  fiem)  .1.  Clanna  Lu^Deac  mic  Oengupa 

'Cifiig,  fiif  a  jicrceţi  T)dlcaif  boyiama,  ocuf  gejiacai  glan- 

7;a|T;a  goeDel  aţi  oen  fim. 

Panegyric       CiniUT)  înramlai^ceac  fin  fie  macaib  ÎTlileaT)  afi  fiij- 

on  the  Dâi  'oacr,  ocuf  ttfi  fiolopiT),  aţi  rfieoifi,  ocuf  aţi  aifibefiir,  ocaf 

TheFranka  ^î^  lî^T^^P'O-     PfUIinc  na  pocla  ÎX)nT)aifl'Dl,  aţi 5llCtlf ,  OCUf 

andiaraei-  ap,  glansaifXîeT)  .1.  ÎTleic  aibT)a,  alli,  uafli,  ilbuoTKifa, 
MMid.  Invaeil  nacOfienT)  illocai^,  afi  codi,  ocuf  aţi  cunlacc, 
Theiionsof  «f^  pfiînni,  OCUf  afi  infuicuf.  Lcomain  lonna,  leTxxpiaca, 
the  Gad.  ^emieSa  na  n^oeDel,  afi  gail,  ocuf  afi  gaifcer),  ocuf  aţi 
dw^f"  SnimfiOD.  Oncoin  afei,  acluma  na  banba  buoixnci,  aţi 
ireUnd.  Txxlci  ocuf  afi  ralcaifiefe.  Sebuic  fuafici  faiţi-pen^a  na 
Thehawka  fi&oţiţKX  alli,  a7)uaiţi,  ţiif  naţi  ^aba7>  cofi  no  caqiai  no 

of  Europe.      «  •*  ■■ 

cliacac  no  comlonT)  ţiiam  ţiemifin,  no  anT>fin  pein. 

ba,  T)na,  leo  vo  ţiefxxxl  ca€a  ocuf  comloim),  oţxi  cinD, 
f lega  f uaţici,  femneca,  p^nafaca,  p'ocaimi,  pianconla  piji 
Their  amu  «Hi  pin-D^tiilL  beţia  booba  biţiara,  co  f uaCnemaib  fixxi, 
and  ar-  ţ>ainenfiail,  congţian  rxiiţin^nib,  glana,  gloţi'oa,  glainiT)!, 
•oa  nian  'oibţiucu'o  pţii  haiţiiţEi  baig  ocuf  ifigaili.  bacap 
leo,  "ona,  lenm  lebţia,  lainT)efia,  cuana  coema,  cnefţela, 
cunga,  coţii,  comfioema.  bauaţi  leo,  -ona,  maiţi  alli,  ilUi- 
"oaCa,  cneţxa,  coema,  cum-oaCra,  cerţianTxinaca,  doema, 


moar. 


1  Weiffht    Lucroi.    LU,,  **  lead." 
*NaU$.    The   MS.    D.    haa   here 
congnsfuxn ;  bat  the  |;n  are  a  mani- 
lest  mJstake  which  the  acribe  probably 


forgot  to  erase.  The  coirect  leading 
oongium  haa  been  adopted  in  tbe 
text 


WABS  OP  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  161 

them  valorous,  heroic,  heavy,  hard-striking,  strong,  power- 
ful,  stout  swords. 

XCII.  But  on  the  other  side  of  that  battie  were  Descnption 
brave,  valiant  champions;  soldierly,  active,  nimble,  bold,  ^"*^' 
fîill  of  courage,  quick,  doing  great  deeds,  pompous,  beau- 
tiful,  aggressive,  hot^  stroDg,  swelling,  bright,  fresh,  never- 
weary,  terrible,  valiant,  victorious  beroes  and  ohieftains, 
and  champions,  and  brave  soldiers,  the  men  of  high  deeds, 
and  honour,  and  renown  of  Erinn;  namely,  the  heavy 
weight^  that  broke  down  eveiy  stronghold,  and  oleft 
every  way,  and  sprang  over  every  obstacle,  and  flayed 
eveiy  stout  head,  that  is  to  say,  the  desoendants  of 
Lugaidh,  son  of  Oenghus  Tirech,  wbo  are  called  the  Dai 
Cais  of  Borumha^  and  the  stainless  intelligent  beroes  of 
the  Gaidhil  along  with  them. 

These  were  a  tribe  worthy  of  being  oompared  with  the  PanegTric 
sons  of  Miledh,  for  kingliness  ^.nd  great  renown,  for  energy,  ^^®  ^^ 
and  dîgnity,  and  marţial  prowess.     They  were  the  Franks  xheFranka 
of  ancient  Fodhla,  in  intelligence  and  pure  valour ;  the  f»d  israci- 
oomely,  beautifiil,  noble,  ever- victorious  sons  of  Israel  ireUncL 
of  Erinn,  for  virtue,  for  generosity,  for  dignity,  for  truth, 
and  for  worth  ;  the  strong,  tearing,  brave  lions  of  the  Thelioiuof 
Gaedhil,  for  valour  and  bold  deeds  ;  the  terrible,  nimble,  ***®  ^^^' 
wolf-hounds  of  victorious  Banba,  for  strength  and  for^  '^ 
fimmess  ;    the    graoeful,    symmetrical    hawks    of   mild  ireland. 
Europe,  against  whom  neither  battie,  nor  battle-field,  nor  ^^^^^ 
conflict,  nor  combat  was  ever  before,  nor  then  was,  main« 
tained. 

And  these  had  for  the  purposes  of  battie  and  combat,  Tbeir  anns 
above  their  heads,  spears  glittering,  well  riveted,  em- 
poisoned,  with  well-shaped,  heroic,  beautiful  handles  of 
white  hazle ;  terrible  sharp  darts  with  variegated  silken 
strings;  thick  set  with  bright,  dazzling,  shining  niuls,'' 
to  be  violently^  cast  at  the  heroes  of  valour  and  bravery. 
They  had  on  them  also,  long,  glossy ,  convenient,  handsome, 


and  ar- 
mour. 


•  VioUnihf.     Wiati  î»  for  n-oian, 
aeeorduig  to  the  ustud  orthograpby  ol 


tho  MS.  D.f  omitting  the  letter  eclipaed 
in  pronunciation. 

M 


162 


cosoroti  scce'Dhel  ne  ţalLccibti. 


comraţiafia  vaji  fcti|iT)ib  ţniaţici,  fi€leb|ia  leo-  Oacoji 
leo,  T)na,  Ţce^i  Tnoţia,  milex^a,  euţiocra,  alb,  iltcrcaca,  co 
cofnfiaix)ib  cop,i  cţie^utna,  co  -pLabţuroaib  ţifi  alli  pm)- 
|iUTii,  aţi  flefaib  foepclanî)  foefibeţxic,  f iicnjic,  i^^ain-o, 
|X)conicnn'D,  leo.  bacafi  leo,  T)na,  cctCbcnţip,  ayuica,  ţx>- 
ţioţiTMi,  co  ngemaib  ^lofi-oa,  glani-Dt,  co  legcnb  Icnti'oeitDa, 
lopnaiia,  im  cenTxnb  ţiupeac  if  ţiig  miler).  bocccţ^  leo 
ruaga  qfioma,  T^cn-oleca,  rfiena,  TX)lşx)a,  raiT;neTnaca>  s^pa» 
^luaifi,  5lainiT)i,  leina,  limra  Loclantiaca,  ilUimaib 
rţiiccfi,  ocuf  Tîaif eac,  T^ţier^U  ocuf  qfienmileT),  pfii  floiTu, 
ocuf  pp.1  T^uaţicain  lufieac  luxaţi  'Ofiulinec  "oib.  Ockxx|i, 
•ona,  leo  claiT)Tni  cţiuoroi,  comneţvca,  coUrocc,  coema, 
cuTH'oacca,  -plemna,  flipTxi,  -pliy^la,  ^efia,  planet,  BOfim- 
gUxfa,  lumeca  lafaţiia,  lain'oeii'Da,  •oen^*W|i5i  T)eocb|W5 
emi,  a€i,  crcluma,  inixmib  "Defini,  i)oţinT)5ela,  ţ\ufieac  ocuf 
jiigfnile'o  leo,  pţii  leoo  ocuf  p|ii  lerţiors  pţii  hcnţileac 
ocuf  pţii  horocoma  cnep,  ocuf  cofiţ)»  ocuf  cen-omulac  T)tb. 
XCIII.  ÎTlaifi^  na  |W)  insoib^n  muintiiţi  fin  T)Oiieoc 
nafi  af  jiiafiaisefcaiţi.  THaifig  po  co'otiifc  a  pojxslaini 
7)011000  ica  |iabi  acTnoing  a  fiimţabala.  TTlaiţis  fu> 
nifai5  T)oneoc  nac  itifoilpcif ',  oţi  ba  f nam  in  nogaiT:» 
Ţjvota ;  ba  hefaiigain  'oaţiac  t)u  •oofw'oaib ;  ba  pal  ţie 
mbiiufruT)  fobgţiTXx ;  ba  -gocc  im  ţanem,  no  im  ^lan  ; 
ba  'ooţw'o  1  ngae  n^lfieni,  T:ţiiall  pţiefcail  cofia  no 
comlaiiro  T)Oib ;  thhs  ni  ba  foail  in  ni  ţ\tf  ba  fomalr^a 
gaţib^leo  octif  cfiuaT)  fitin-ofcleo  na  Utefitiai-oi  fin  "do 
roDUfcuu 

Disposition      XCIV.  CiT>,  Tîfia  actî,  |ia  oţiT)ai5iT:,  ocuf  fio  conţunpT; 

mjSfc^  na  cafea  ceccap.'oa  fon  cuma  fein.    "CucaD  cjia  TX)fa£  ic 


Danger  of 
an  enconn- 
ter  with 


Pifyop,iifiH  Sm  aboV6, 
PI>.  50,  94,  llfi. 

•  Who  did  noi  yield.  B.  read«,  ga 
inl>ior6  acpoins  a  ningabata,  "  if  it 
waa  poMÎble  t«  eacape  from  it  i"  omit- 
ting  **woe  to  thoae  who  arouaed  their 
anger." 

^FummeOMg.  B.  reads,  ocuf  ba 
heofoţioccafi* 


«iSMKnţ^.    TTliiTibţUKbc,  B. 

^  Ii  «MW.  ^  And  it  waa,"  ocuf  txi, 
B. 

^Tkejki,  B.readi,ocaf baT>oifiii 
im  gae. 

7  AitempL    B.  omits  ţ^fiefxaiU 

»  For,    X>6ii  ni  faaiU,  B. 

*  Warrion,  B.  adda  (aflar  na 
lae6TUzr6e  fin)  6iţi  ba  Uhh  i  nwo 


WARSOP  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  168 

i^hite,  neat,  well-adjusted,  graceful  ahirta.  They  had  on 
them  also,  beautiful,  many-coloured,  well-fitting,  hand- 
some^  well-shaped,  well-adjusted,  enfolding  tunics,  over 
comfortable  long  vests.  They  had  with  them  also,  great 
warlike,  bright,  beautifîil,  variegated  shields,  with  bosses 
of  brass,  and  elegant  chains  of  bronze,'  at  the  sides  of  their 
noble,  accomplished,  sweet,  courteous,  eloquent  clansmen. 
They  had  on  them  also,  crested  golden  helmets,  set  with 
sparkling  transparent  brîlliant  gems  and  precious  stones, 
on  the  heads  of  chiefs  and  royal  knights.  They  had  with 
them  also,  shining,  powerM,  strong,  gra^^ful,  sha^, 
glaring,  bright,  broad,  well-set  Lochlann  axes,  in  the  hands 
of  chie&  and  leaders,  and  heroes,  and  brave  knights,  for 
cutting  and  maiming  the  cloee  weU-fastened  coats  of  maiL 
They  had  with  them,  steel,  strong,  piercing,  graceful, 
ornamental,,  smooth,  sharp-pointed,  bright-sided,  keen, 
clean,  azure,  glittering,  flashing,  briUiant,  handsome, 
straight,  well-tempered,  qnick,  sharp  swords,  in  the  beauti- 
ful  white  hands  of  chiefs  and  royal  knights,  for  hewing 
and  for  hacking,  for  maiming  and  mutilating  skins,  and 
bodies,  and  skullsi 

XCIII.  Woe  unto  all  who  shunned  not  this  people,  i>«»ger  of 
who  did  not  yield  unto  them.*   Woe  to  those  who  aroused  ter  with 
their  anger,  if  it  was  possible  to  escape  from  it.    Woe  to  *^®"** 
those  who  attacked  them,  if  they  could  have  avoided 
attacking  them;  for  it  was  swimming  against  a  stream; 
it  was  pummelling'  an  oak  with  fists;  it  was  a  hedge 
against  the  swelling^  of  a  spring^tide ;  it  was^  a  string  upon 
sand  or  a  sun-beam ;  it  was  the  fist®  against  a  sun-beam, 
to  attempt^  to  give  them  battie  or  combat;  for*  it  is  not 
easy  to  conceive  any  horror  equal  to  that  of  arousing  the 
fierce  battie  and  hard  oonâict  of  these  warriors.^ 

XCIV.  So  these  battaUons  were  arranged  and  disposed**^  Dbpodtion 
în  the  following   manner.^*      The  foreigners  and    the^y'aforo». 

5tvibi,  ocirp  ba  colt  pataâ  leoifiotn        ^  Disposed.    B.    omits  ocii|«  jvo 

«DO  neoi  u^p-o,  octif*  peţU)cloifiTie  na     coniungic 

tao6tua'6e  pn  vo  isvoviŢcav»  ^  Manner.    ţ?on  fccrficot  pn,  B. 

H2 


164 


co^oroti  sae'Dtiel  ne  ţaLLcnbti. 


Leaden  of 
the  Danes 
of  Dublin. 


Disposition 
of  ţhe  Iriab 
who  were 
on  the 
Daniah 
aide. 

Theîr 
leaden* 


gallaib  ocuf  ic  tai^nib  "Dona  T)aT)aifwb  T)ibe|xcaib  all- 
Tnaţi-oaib  fin,  -oo  bţiorap,  layila  Caip,i  eb[ioc,  cuifeaC 
T)anafi,  im  Conmael,  mac  a  mcrcati,  ocuf  im  Siticai-o  mac 
Loraifi,  layila  infi  Oyic,  ocuf  im  piair,  qieii  milix)  ^all 
uli,  ocuf  CCrM[iat  mac  6lb|iic  mac  ţ\i  tofilanT),  ocuf 
Cayilluf,  ocuf  'Cofibeiro  t)ub,  ocur  8uniTi,  ocu-p  Suamn, 
ocuf  maci  gali  layit^aiyi  6ofipa  o  Lx)claiTi'D  fiaţi,  aţ\  oen 
fiiu  fiTi.  T)a  fionaD,  imopiio,  cipi  oen  ca€a  cţiuim) 
comoţi  vo  ^allaib  CCia  Cliac  uli,  ocuf  rucaD  ina  ne^ai-o 
f en  6  .1. 1  n'Diai)  na  nanmaţigac.  Uo  baraţi  fiompofi'oe, 
T)ub5all  mac  OCmlaib,  ocuf  ^illaciaţian  mac  5^uin- 
laţiainx)  mic  CCmlaib,  octif  *OoncaT)  ua  hGjiuitb,  ocuf 
OCmlaib  tagmainT)  mac  ^o^î^cci'^i  -i-  ce€|ii  fii^Domna 
toIL  baraţi  ţiompo,  T)na,  Omţi  vuh,  ocuf  ^ţiifin  ocuţ^ 
ttimmin  ocuţ^  ^naDgaiţi  .i.  cerţii  iţiţiig  gali,  ocuţ*  cerţii 
ix)ifi5  lon^,  ocup  machi  gali  Oţien-o  aţioen  ţiiu  fen. 
T)o  ţionai)  'oan  oen  ca€  t)0  Lagin,  ocup  "ouib  CenDţ^laij, 
ocup  ruca^  ţie  palaib  pin  6.  bacaţi  ţiompopen  T)na, 
Tfloelmoţi'oa,  mac  ÎTluţiCaDa,  ţiig  Lagen,  ocup  boeran, 
mac  T)unlain5,  ţii  laţiraiţi  tagen,  ocup  "Ounlang,  mac 
'Cuacail,  ţii  Lijii,  ocup  bţiogoţiban,  mac  Concobuiri,  ţii  u 
palp,  ocup  T)omnall,  mac  peţigaile,  ţii  poţiruar^h  Logen, 
ocup  mar^hi  tagen  aţiCena. 


1  Placed  in.  T>iicin)  -OTia,  B.  The 
pDieaiiing  ia,  that  the  foreigneţa  who 
had  establidied  themaelvea  in  Ireland, 
and  who  were  in  allîance  with  the 
Leinstennen,  put  their  Danish  and 
Norwegian  avxiliaries  in  the  front  of 
the  battle. 

*  Murderou».     B.  omits  'Dibeţiconb. 

*  Under  Brodar,  B.  readf,  .1.  bfio- 
'DOtp.  lojilacoipech  'oanaţi;  omitting 
•*  of  Cacr  Ebroc" 

^Smoaid.  A  mistake  in  the  MS. 
D.  for  Siucraid.  See  above,  p.  153, 
note  ^^.    B.  reads  Sitriuc 

^Elbrie,  *'Anrad,  son  of  Mbric,** 
B. 

^Suanm,    Im  Cofitop  ocup  ifn 


TyOţibeti'D  •onli,  ocop  itti  dairftni, 
ocup  im  Sucnnni,  B. :  "  With  Cariua 
and  with  Torbend  the  black,  and  with 
Suimhni  and  with  SuainnL" 

7  Akmg  wUh  tkem,  B.  reada,  mente 
gali  &|venn  ttile  aţi  aon  ţiiu  peiTi, 
**  the  nobles  of  the  foreigneiB  of  all 
Erinn  along  with  them." 

^Sironff,  Cf.uifi'D  oengcnlce  oom- 
m6m  B. 

^  After.  Ina  "Dicniţ  pin  hd,  .1. 
cm'Diaig  na  n'Danrhatioc,  B. 

10  Head.    bocaţi  |iompa  pin,  .1 
B.)  where  the  names  of  the  chieftaint 
are  giyen  thua :   **  DubhgaO,  aon  of 
Amlaf,  and    Donchad,   gnndwn   of 
Erulf ,  and  Amlaf,  aon  of  Lagmam 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL. 


165 


Laighen  placed^   în  the  front  the  murderous*  foreign 
Danars,  under  Brodar,*  earl  of  Caer  Ebroc,  chiefbain  of  the 
Danars;  with  Conmael,  his  motlier*8  son,  and  with  Siu- 
caid,*  son  of  Lotar,  earl  of  the  Orc  Islanda,  and  with  Plait, 
the  bravest  knight  of  all  the  foreigners,  and  with  Anrath, 
son  of  Elbric,'^  son  of  the  king  of  Lochlann,  and  Carlus,  and 
Torbenn  the  black,  and  Sunin,  and  Suanin,^  and  the 
nobles  of  the  foreigners  of  western  Europe,  from  Lochland 
westwards,  along  with  themJ     A  line  of  one  very  great 
strong®  battalion  was  formed  of  all  the  foreigners  of  Ath 
Cliath,  and  it  was  placed  after^  the  above,  that  is  afber 
the  Danmarkians.     At  their  head*^  were  Dubhgall,  sonLeadenof 
of  Amlaf,  and  Gilla  Ciarain  son  of  Glun-iaraind,  son  of  ^f  d^^ 
Amlaf,  and  Donchad,  grandson  of  Erulf,  and  Amlaf  Lag- 
mund,  son  of  Goâraidh,  the  four  crown  princes  of  the 
foreigners.     At  their  head  also,  were  Ottir^^  the  black, 
and  Grisin,   and    Lummin,    and    Snadgair,   four   petty 
kings  of  the  foreigners,  and  four  chiefbains  of  ships,  and 
the  nobles  of  the  foreigners  of  Erinn  along  with  them. 
A  battalion^  ^  was  also  formed  of  the  Laighin  and  of  Dispoation 
the  Ui  Cennselaigh,  and  it  was  placed  behind*^  the  abova  ^^^^^^^ 
And  at  the  head  of  them  were  Maelmordha,  son  of  Mur-  on  the 
chadh,^^  king  of  Laighin,  and  Boetan,  son  of  Dunlang,  ^d^ 
king  of  western  Laighin,^*  and  Dunlang,  son  of  Tuathal,  xheir 
king  of  liphi,  and  Brogorban,  son  of  Conchobhar,  king  of  ^•*<*""' 
Ui  Failghi,  and  Domhnall,  son  of  Fergal,  king  of  the 
Forthuagha  of  Laighin,  and  the  nobles  of  Laighin  like- 


wise. 


16 


•on  of  Gofraidh,  four  crown  princes  of 
the  foraigneiB."  Bat  three  only  are 
mentioned. 

^1  Ottir»  B.  giyes  these  namee  thns : 
''  Oitir  the  black,  and  Grifin,  and  Su- 
ainin,  and  Lnimnin,  and  Sigraidh," 
omitting  the  deecription  which  f ollows, 
and  addmg  only  after  the  last  name, 
ocnţ^aji'D  5aiU/fiah6|venn  ayicena 
aţiaon  jiiti  |*in,  "and  the  chief  fo- 
reigners of  Erinn  also  along  with 
them." 


^A  battaUon.  Cat  intfti,  B.,  "a 
great  battalion.*' 

^Behwd,  Ut,  "at  the  heels  of." 
CCtv  a  i^dlcnb  -pn  6,  B. 

^^Mwrehadh.  B.  adda  mac  Ptivo. 
"Mnrchadh,  son  of  Finn." 

^  Laighm.  B.  reads,  |w  iocTi;6cnTV 
Lipe,  ocuf  bţiogafibân,  yc.,  ondtting 
the  second  Dunlang. 

^*  LikeiBU^.  B.  reads,  uite  Ofiaon 
f\1ii|nii,  "  the  nobles  of  all  Laighin 
along  with  them." 


166 


coţaroti  scce-otiel  ue  scclLcnbli. 


Disposition 
of  Brian's 
ariny. 


TheD&l 
Cais. 
Their 
leaders. 


Theotiier 

troopsof 

Munster. 

Their 
leaden. 


XCV.  'CuccQT)  iTnofi|io,  ix)fac  cerca  bfiicnn,  ocuf  ina€i 
©ţienT)  ajicena  "OU  •oamfiai'o  T)Gin,  T)iulaiTis  ţiemţian, 
T)UTi  5aTnanT)|iaiT)  ^lain,  gafca,  ^etxi,  ^alai^  gniniaig, 
5afi5beoT)a  .1.  t)0  T)dlcaif  cufioca  coTifiumai^  ocu'p  do 
claîincnb  tuig^eac  ajiceTia.  Oai  yiompu  fi^e  in  Tle&oiîi 
in?:aTnlai5T:e£  ilbucroafi  na  hCC-oam  clainni  ilcenealoici 
allorai  .1.  niiifica'D  mac  bfiiain,  eo  Rofv^»  ţiiSDîiai'oi 
efienx) ;  cerw  gaili,  ocuf  gaf cix),  ocuf  snimfiowi,  eni^ 
ocuf  engnuma,  ocuf  aob^acra  peaţi  t^alman,  fie  ţ\e,  ocuţ^ 
fie  fiemif  ;  "oai^  ni  afimiTî  fen£aiT)i  goe^el  comberh 
T)on  aDamclainT)  fie  fie  pein  oen  Duni  no  congboDfciai 
comfiefcail  imbualx^a  do.  barayi,  Dna,  afi  oen  fiif  fin, 
.1.  'CaifiDelbac  a  mac,  in  fii^Domna  a  aifi  [if]  pefifi  bai 
in  nOfiinD,  ocuf  Conaing  mac  T)onctian,  in  rpef  Duni  if 
cocu  fii  bfiian  bai  1  nGfiinD,  ocup  Niall  Ua  CuinD,  ocuf 
©ochu  mac  *0unaDai5,  ocuv  CuDullig  mac  CenDom^, 
T:fii  comeriiDi  bfiiain,  ocup  *Oomnall  mac  T)iafimaT:a,  fii 
CoficubaifcmD,  ocup  popula  lair  gaili,  ocup  gaf^iD 
T)dlcaip  ap  oen  piu  pin.  T)a  ponaD  qaa  oen  car 
comnapx;  comop  do  glepi  pluag  ÎTluman  uli,  ocuptniccaD 
fie  f*alaib  pen  e.  Oacap  pompopiDe  ÎTloila,  mac 
T)omnaill,  mic  paelan,  pi^  na  T)epi,  ocup  TTÎangnup, 
mac  CCnmcooa,  pi  utiaCan,  ocup  rfieiT;  ocup  qfienl  na 
ÎTluman  uli  ap  oen  piu  pen. 


1  The  front  'Cucccro  cofMC  certa 
0|viain  imoftţibi  B. 

^To  the.  "Don  •Dcnhţvai'o,  •oein, 
•olpiiins,  6ctip  "Don  gatfiomţvcn'o 
gloin  5l6pca  gapco,  ^alac,  pilo- 
ihat,  S(nţvccbe<y6a,  .1.  -do  1)01  Ccnp, 
ocup  TX)  Ctan'DaibLTig'Dad  oţicena» 
B. 

•  fferoes,  %an\<m'o\iiX}'0  ;  "  the 
Chmandraidhj'"  were  an  antient  warlike 
people  of  the  Firbolg  race  In  Erris,  in 
Connanght;  but  th«r  name  ia  here 
lued  in  the  general  senae  of  heroee,  or 
warrioTB. 

^Adam.  B.  reads,  baoi  iionipa 
pm,  &ccaif\  mcf^ctftitoijce  na 
iCivetin,  .1.  îTltifichcrâ :  "Therewaa 


leading  them  the  matchleiB  Heetor  of 
Krinn,  yiz.,  Mnrchadh/*  &c. 

'  Tew  ofRoBB,  One  of  the  famons 
old  trees  of  Ireland.  See  (TFlaherf^* 
Ogyg-,  Part  îiL,  c  60,  p.  813. 

•jBhiiwy.  B.  reads,  Cen'Dgaile 
ocuf»  gaipci^  eifiij  ocuf»  enpiarha, 
octif»  aoty6a6ca  an  catmcm  ma  ti#, 
ocuf^inaţieiniep.  "Ooigni  eniimiix 
f«anchai^  co  Tiait)e  |ie  ft^,  ocwf*  tie 
yientief»  pein,  ne6  no  con^bo^  fxnoc 
co  p|iof*cat  imbnalca  "oo :  "  The 
head  of  the  Tilour  of  hnrtxj ;  mimi- 
ficence  and  liberalitj  and  beauty  of 
the  worid  in  hia  time  and  in  his  career ; 
for  historiana  do  not  reiate  that  there 
waa  any  one  in  his  time  and  in  fais 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


1«7 


XCV.  Tbe  front*  of  Brian's  battalion  and  of  the  nobles 
of  Ebrinn  with  him,  was  given  to  the^  aforesaid  impetnous, 
îrresîstible,  troope,  to  the  fine,  intelligent,  vaKant,  brave, 
active,  lively  heroes,'  viz.,  to  the  heroic,  victorious  Dai 
Cais,  and  to  the  Clauan  Luighdeach  Ukewise.  At  the  head 
of  these  was  the  matohiess,  ever  victorious,  Hector,  of  the 
many-nationed  heroic  ohildren  of  Adam,^  namely,  Mur- 
cbadh,  son  of  Brian,  the  yew  of  Ross,^  of  the  prinoes  of 
Erinn ;  the  head  of  the  valour  and  bravery,^  and  chivahy, 
munificence  and  liberality,  and  beauty,  of  the  men  of  the 
worid  in  his  time,  and  in  his  career ;  for  the  historians 
of  the  Gaedhil  do  not  reiate,  that  there  was  any  man  of 
the  sens  of  Adam  in  his  time  who  conld  hold  a  shield  in 
mutual  interohange  of  blows  with  him.  Along  with  him 
were  also,  Tordhdibach,  his  spn,^  the  best  crown  prince  of 
his  time  in  Erinn,  and  Conaing,  son  of  Doncuan,  one  of  the 
three  men®  most  valued  by  Brian,  that  were  then  in 
Erinn;  and  NiaU  Ua  Cuinn,  and  Eochaidh,  son  of  Duna- 
dach,  and  Cudulligh,  son  of  Cennetigh,  the  three  t^ar 
guards^  of  Brian ;  and  Domhnail,  son  of  Diarmaid,  king 
of  Corcabhaiscinn,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  men  of 
bmv^ry  and  valour  of  the  Bal  Cais  along  with  them.*^ 
One  very  skong  and  great*  ^  battalion  was  idso  fcHined  of 
the  ehosen  hosts  of  all^^  Mumhain,  and  was  stationed  in 
the  Pear*  *  of  the  former.  At  the  head*  ^  of  these  was  Mothla, 
son  of  Domhnail,  son  of  Faelan,  king  of  the  Deşii,  *^  and 
MiAgnus,  son  of  Anmchadh,  king  of  Ui  Liathain,  *^  sikI  the 
brave  and  heroic  of  all  Mumhain  along  with  them. 

8  Men.  B.  reads,  wn  Cîiey»  peyi  ay» 
zotu  la  btitan  ţvo  b€c!  in  ©ixinti. 

•  Rear  Guard»,  Cutcomeoroaige,  B. 

10  Wi(k  Ihetn,  B.  omită  ţ\x\  ;  and 
reads  nrxfi  for  cţio,  next  aentence. 

^^StrongcmdgreoL  CoThmdTi  coîh- 
naţiCt  B. 

^^AH    B.  omits  uli. 

^lUar,    Re  a  |HîiaiB  fin  6,  B. 

"  At  tU  head.    Rompopn  .1.,  B. 

^'^DeaU.    UI   na  «"Odifi,  B. 

M  Ui  Liaihain.  TTla]gnuf  mac 
GCnmco^   Til    «a    ttatain   ocu-p 


DiapoaitioB 
of  Brian'i 
aimy. 

TheDăl 
CaU. 

Theîr 
leaden. 


The  other 

troopsof 

Munster. 

Their 
leaden. 


career  that  conld  hold  a  shield  in  mu- 
tual interchange  of  blows  with  him." 

''His  jon.  B.  reada,  a|v  aon  |iif 
.1.  Txn|i|v6eatBa6  an  mac  a  aoift, 
octif  an  ţiToartina  yiop  peap,Ti  |io 
boi  in  ©Tfiinn  :  "Along  with  him  was 
Toirdhealbach  [or  Tnrlogh]  the  son  of 
his  age"  [i.e.,  there  was  no  other  son  of 
his  time  to  be  compared  to  him,]  "  and 
the  hest  crown  prince**  [Le.,  heîr  ap- 
parent  to  the  crown,]  "that  was  in 
Erinn.**  He  was  at  this  time  but  fif- 
teen  yeare  of  age. — Aim,  CUmm, 


168 


coscroti  sae'Dtiel  Re  sccUcnbti. 


and  their 
leadera. 


Biiaii*8 
Danidi 


Thebatta-      XCVI.  T)o  îiaccrD,  «oTia,  cerc  CoTiacT;  im  nflaelfiuanaiT) 
^^f  Con-  y^  ^Qro^t),  ocuf  im  'C<n>5  Ua  Cellai5,  fii  Ua  nflam,  ocuf 
TTloelfitianaiT)  mac  ÎTlufigiUfa,  ţ\i  Tfltimniii  îTlaeltxua- 
UIT),  ocup  im  T)omnall  Ua  ConcemnT),  ţii  Ua  nT)iafimaT)a, 
ocuf  im  Ual^aţi^  mac  Ce|ini,  octif  im  mofeb.  Conacx;  uti 
iiia  "DegaiT)  fem. 
T)a   coifigeaD    T>eic    mofimaip.   bfiiain    cona    nţaU 
aiucuuriea.  focp^^^ib  a|i  1T1  "Daiui  cimaif  T)Oii  ca£.     T)a  copjeaD 
Pefi^al  Ua  Ruaiţic,  ocuf  ti  bţiiuin,  ocuf  Conmacni  umi, 
aţi  in  cimaif  ele  T)on  coc  ceima. 
Thebatta-      Ro    bai,    -Dna,  ÎTlaelfeclaifiT),    mac    T)omiiaill,   pi 
Madsech-  'Ccmţiac,  ocuf  cau  peţi  TiliT)i  umi,  ocuf  ni  po  paimfiT» 
lain  and     comcoţiocux)  \ie  cac  Gciţi,  uaifx  ba  hi  comaţili  gali  in 
JdltS^^^   ai'oaifi  fiemi  t)6,  cIod  [tk)  cufi]  eropţio  ocuf  501 11,  ocuf 
mim  in]^i^p  fiun  ^aill,  ni  infaispicif  ^aill  locpum, 
ocup  if  amlaiT)  fin  "oa  ţionfar,  uaiyi  ţvo  bi  in  -oţiocomajilli 
ew)f|UK 
ThepoBt        XCVII.  CCrbepaix;,  imojifo,  aţiaili  fencaiT)i  TTluman, 
JJ^^^coni-D  T:ţie  coc  T)efmuman  bai  ÎTlufcaD,  mac  bf-iain, 
Bonof        ocUf  a  ie^lac  .1.  fecT;  p£ic  mac  1115  bai  ina  commai- 
ceacc,  uaiţi  ni  ţi abi  f  15  oen  ruafe  in  ©ţiim)  con  a  mac 
no  can  a  b|urfaif  1  T^eslad  TTÎuffai'D,  uaif  jiibe  nţepua 
amfac  OţienT),  ocuf  a  macan  6,  T)af  heif  CCe-oa  Ui  MeilL 
OCx;be|i<iiT;  conix)  aiţiT)  in  oifo  baraţi  in  T)a  caC  .1.  caC 
T)efmuman,  ocuf  cac  'Cuaromuman,  ocuf  if  foUuf  ofţx) 
coniT)  p|i  fein,  uaiji  in  ran  bacaţi  t  coţiucuT)  na  coc, 
va  cuaiT)  TTluţi^aT)  et)  uţicaiţi  ţie  ca6  'oinfongciT)  galL 


Brian. 


C|ve6in  octif  ctiemlUfritimcm  uile, 
B. 

1  UaH^-Etdhin,  O  neroin,  B.,  Le., 
O'Heyne. 

*Kifig,    im  fii,  B. 

*  Maebfianaidk,  B.  reads,  octif 
im  TTlaotţvacmcn'DmacTTltiiTi^ofa, 

ocuf  im  UalgOTiS  ^^'^  Ceifiln, 
ocuf  im  montib  Conna6c  mie  tia 
nDegoi'D  fein. 


«Beftoeen  Ihem.  The  two  part- 
grapha  beginning  tmi  coiţiţecns  ^oe 
7f  and  ending  ecofiţvo,  line  17,  of  thli 
page,  are  omitted  in  B.  The  words 
TM)  6ti|i,  line  14,  are  inserted  u  neccs- 
aary  to  theeense. 

>  HUtoriant.  B.  reads,  CDcbeivoc 
imoiijio  afiaite  jond^  |ie  ccat 
"Defmnttian  tio  bai  Tfluţ^iOT: 
"Othera,  howeyer,  aay  tfaat  it  wu 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


169 


XCVI.  The  battalion  of  Conacht  also,  was  led  byThehatu- 
Maelruanaidh  Ua-n-Eidhin,»  and  by  Tadhg  Ua  CeUaigh,  ^l^^"""" 
king'  of  Ui  Mani,  and  by  Maelruanaidh,'  son  of  Murghius,  and  their 
king  of  Muintir  Maelruanaidh ;  and  by  Domhnall,  grand- 
son  of  Cuceninn,    king  of  Ui  nDiarmada;    and   with 
UaJgarg,  son  of  Cerin,  and  with  the  nobles  of  all  Conacht 
along  with  him. 

The  ten  great  stewards  of  Brian  were  drawn  up,  with  Brian's 
their  foreign  aimliaries,  on  one  aide  of  the  army.   Fergal  JJjJ^^^ 
Ua  Buairc,  and  the  Ui  Briuin,  and  the  Conmaicne,  were 
ordered  to  the  left  wing  of  the  army. 

Maelsechlainn  also,  son  of  Domhnall,  king  of  Temhair,  Ţb*  ^«tt*- 
and  the  battalion  of  the  men  of  Midhe,  with  him,  were  Mi^^ech- 
next ;  but  he  consented  not  to  be  placed  along  with  the  ^"^  *^^ 
rest ;  because  the  counsel  of  the  foreigners  on  the  preceding  Meath. 
night  was  that  he  should  put  a  ditch  between  him  and  the 
foreigners ;  and  that  if  he  would  not  attack  the  foreigners, 
the  foreigners  would  not  attack  him ;  and  so  it  was  done, 
for  the  evil  underatanding  w««  between  them.* 

XCVII.  Some  of  the  historians^  of  Mumhain,  however,  The  poet 
say  that  Murchadh,  son  of  Brian,  was  placed,  mixed  with  Mu^ad^ 
the  battalion  of  Desmumhain,  along  with  his  company,  aon  of 
namely,  seven  score  sons  of  kings  that  were  in  attendance 
upon  him ;  for  there  was  not  a  king  of  any  one  tribe  in 
Erinn,  who  had  not  his  son  or  his  brother®  in  Murchadh's 
household ;  for  he^  was  the  lord  of  the  volunteers  of  Erinn, 
and  of  her  sons,  next  to  Aedh  Ua  Neill.    They  say  that  the 
two  battalions  were  side  by  side,  namely,  the  battalion  of 
Desmumhain,  and  the  battalion  of  Tuadhmumhain,  and  it 
is  clear  that  this  is  true® ;  for  when  they  were  arranging* 
the  battalion,  Murchadh  went  forward  beyond  the  rest  a 


befbre  the  hatUlion  of  Desmuinhaiii 
[Desmond,  or  Sonth  Munster]  that 
Murchadh  waa  placed." 

^Brother,    t4o  a  b|Mrtaiţi,  B. 

Torhe,  Hibe,  for  |iob  â,  I).  Ucnti 


ţvob  6  TniiţichoTD  ciţefina  am^£ 
O^iefiT),  ofi  6^Ţ  GCoT>a  i  t46ill,  B. 

8  True.    CCnn|X)  gUTi  pip.  -pn,  B. 

0  Arrangmg.  OC5  ooţitiococ^  fia 
ccor,  B. 


170 


coţccDti  scce'DheL  ne  salLcnbti. 


Altercation 

between 

Murehadh 

and  Demh- 

nall,8onof 

Kmln. 


Dnnlang 
0*Harta- 
gan  pro- 
phecies  his 
own  and 
Murchadh's 
death. 


Ro  cuip.  imoţiţio  bfiian  "OomnalL  mac  emin,  tki  ţuro 
ţie  ÎTluţiccro  fcibiUT)  aţia  culu  co  mbeic  cnfvo  in  cnji'D 
octif  *Odlcaip.  "Oa  Iuit)  *Ootntiall  tnac  6fniTi,  ocuf  yio 
liaiT)  pfii  THup-ccro  -peni.  CCfbeţit;  ÎTluficcro  ba  •oimc 
mexxi  a  comoţili,  tioiţi  lya  mbeiz;  a  hoenuţi  a\i  laji  peDa 
Jabli,  m  bepoT)  oen  qfuxig  afi  culu  ţie  pepaib  eţietit),  cia 
-DeaiicrD  nec  pfiif  receoD  i  poDnaifi  galL  ocuf  soet)eL 
Ifex),  Dna,  ţxyoefia  mafei  T)effnuTTian  uli  tk)  tnofibuT) 
aiTO,  qfviaLl  lenmnana  TTÎUfifiai'o  "ooib  ic  mincelUn)  na 
gali,  ocuf  na  nOCn^ap-gac.  CCf beţie  "Oomnall  mac 
6min  pfii  ÎTluficaD,  if  olc  vo  gne,  a  ţiig  miliT),  cit>  mofi 
T)o  meifnec.  CCfbeţic  THuţico^  bai  ODlug  tk),  uoiţi 
iţx)cait)i  "00  T)fio6  oclai6aib  no  lecpeo^  a  cuir  ca£a  [t)o] 
paiţi  co  T)e|ieaD  lae.  CCf  beţir  mac  emm  ni  he  pein  no 
lecpeoD ;  ocup  ba  piţi  vo  pom  j^i\  uaiţi  va  comaiLL 

XCVIII.  Ho  cofiai^c  na  caua  aiţit)  in  aiţiT)  laţipin. 
1p  anv  pin  tmi  T)ecapcai|i  ÎTluţicaD  peca  ocup  ir  conncnc 
va  leii  'oeip  cuigi  ina  comaţicipc  in  coen  oclae  moţi 
menmac,  milera,  meaţi-oala^,  painemail,  paţiuacutt), 
piiamail,  -oaca,  •oiţiiuc,  'oegDenmaC,  .1.  T)unlan5  O  hCCţi- 
rugan,  ocup  aicnigip  e,  ocup  ruc  rpi  cmpcemi  in  051*0, 
ocup  twiţibiţiip  poic  T)o,  ocup  peţiaip  pailn  pfiip,  ocup 
CC  51II1,  ap.  pe,  ip  patxt  co  ranacaip  cugainT),  ccfi  pe, 
ocup  ip  moţi  in    gţtoro  mna,  ocup   demna  "ouir  mo 


^HantFscatL  t^uivctiiii  ţve  ccac 
'oionnpoi  JiT)  sall,  B. 

9  Tknt,    B.  omits  imoţlţio. 

^ToieU  "OaţurDatvenivTichQrD 
pdx»  poţ\  ctila,  B. 

^  His  counteL  Donihnall,  it  seema, 
dld  not  t«ll  Blurchadh  that  the  ooonsel 
came  from  his  father.  B.  reads,  "Do 
twb  "DoTtinatl  ocup  i[u>  iidi'o  te 
niii|ich<r6  c16t).  Tio  tioi-o  HltiTi- 
choTD  1V0  ba  'Ditiii:,  meca  a  £0- 
itienjit©,  7c 

<  He  «NU.    B.  nads,  ocup  iu>  tiâi'D 

■Da. 

•  f^âh  GaUhk,  "  The  wood  of 
Gaibhle"  (now  Fiffile),  King^t  oonnty, 


near  Portarlington.  See  aboTe,  cfaap. 
Ixxix.;  from  which  it  appean  that  the 
trees  from  thie  wood  were  in  part  the 
caon  of  the  bnach  betwean  Briaa 
and  Maelmordha,  king  of  Leuuter; 
and  it  ia  probable  that  the  wood  Fidh 
Gaibhle  was  one  of  the  dispvted  bofder 
frontiere.  This  seema  the  real  ezpla- 
nation  of  the  above  reiy  obeciire  pas- 
sage.  B.  reada,  aţi  l<iTit;e^sai^> 
ni  tiiibivcro  aun  cţvoiţ  oţi  ocdla  fve 
ppeţicnb  Ctienn,  ocup  ip  ta^  ţw 
c©i6pe^. 

7  JUatoH,    B.  omits  «ona. 

^AIL    B.  omite  titi. 

^Follow.    lecmoifina,  B. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


171 


hand's  cast'  to  attack  the  foreignera     Then^  Brian  seni  Altercation 
Domhnall,  son  of  Emin,  to  teii*  Murchadh  to  fall  back  until  nSS^h 
he  should  be  on  a  line  witb  the  Dalcais.    Domhnall,  son  and  Domh- 
of  Emin,  went  and  told  this  to  Murchadh.     Murchadh  ^^„^ 
answered  that  his  counsel^  was  timid  and  cowardly ;  for 
if  he  was^  alone  in  the  midst  of  Fidh  Gaibhle/  he  would 
not  retreat  one  step  badiLwards  before  the  men  of  Erinn, 
why  then  should  any  one  ask  him  to  retreat,  in  presenoe 
of  the  Qaill  and  GaedhiL     And  the  reason^  why  the 
nobles  of  all^  Desmumhan  were  killed  there,  was  because 
they  endeavoured  to  follow^  Murchadh  to  surround  the 
foreigners'^  and  Danmarkians.     Domhnall,  son  of  Emin, ' ' 
said  to   Murchadh,   ''thy  countenanoe  is  bad,  O  royal 
champion,  although  thy  courage  is  great."     Murchadh 
answered  that  he  had*^  cause  for  that,  because  many  a 
&lse  hero'*  would  leave  his  share  of  the  battle  to  him  at 
the  end  of  the  day.'^    The  son  of  Emin'^  said  that  he 
would  not  leave  his  share.    And  he  said  truly;  for  he 
fulfilled  his  promise.'^ 

XCVIII.   The  battalions'^  were  placed  side  by  side  Dnniang 
after  that.     Then  Murchadh  looked  to  one  side  and  be-  ^'^*rt^- 

gan  pro- 

held  approaching  him,  on  his  right  side,  alone,  the  hero-  phecies  hu 
ical,  courageous,  championlike,  active,  beautiful,  strong,  S^hadh'i 
bounding,  gracefîil,  erect,  impetuous,  young  hero,  Dun-  dcath. 
lang  O'Hartugan ;   and   he  recognised  him  and  made 
three  springs  to  meet  him,  and  he  kissed  him,  and  wel- 
comed  him;  and  "O  youth,"  said  he,  "it  is  long  until 
thou  camest  unto  us;  and  great  must  be  the  Iove  and 
attachment  of  some  woman  to  thee,  which  has  induced 


1®  FortUgmerg.  Ha  ngolt  octi|*  na 
ii*OanmaYicc,  B.  A  dUtînction  is 
hcre  drawn  between  the  G<dll  and  th« 
Dane*. 

iJ  8<m  of  Emm.  OCcbetic  "Oofti- 
nall  t\e  TTlii|ictia6,  B. 

M  J70  AâdL    Tio  bai,  B. 

^  False  hero.  'Oţioch  laoctioib  fio 
tâiqpea'D,  B.  The  vo  seeioB  super- 
flnon*  hi  D.,  and  ia  therefore  giyen 
trithin  brackcti. 


"  /My.  ţ?ai|i  |ie  noi'66e,  B.,  "  be- 
fore that  night'* 

i»  Son  of  Emin.    •Oorhnatl,  B. 

^^  Hie  promise,  T)©  "OoThîraU  pn, 
ocnţ^  ţio  corfiaitl,  B.  This  narratiTe 
seems  to  show  that  there  was  dissen- 
sion  or  jealousy  amongst  the  leaden  of 
Brian*s  army. 

>7  7^  haUaHons.  The  whole  of  thia 
chapter  ia  omitted  in  B. 


172  coscroti  ţae'oliel  ne  'sccUxobh. 

q^.egti'Dfa,  ocuf  rjie^UT)  bjiiain,  ocuf  Conaing,  ocuf 
^DoncaiT),  ocuf  mori  'Ddlcaif  aficena,  ocuf  ccibni 
Orien-D  cof  amu.  'Cfiuag  fin,  am,  a  ţii,  aţi  ^Ounlang,  if 
rno  inT::aibniUf  7)0  qfieigiuf  oţir,  -oa  pefccqfm  e,  .1.  bera 
can  baf,  can  «a&r,  can  ir^ai-o,  con  accufiuf,  cern  iţiqia, 
afi  TYiaiCiUf  7)0  rnacuifcnb  in  ralman  "Dam  co  bţurf, 
ocuf  nem  aţi  mbfiaft  amac,  ocuf  tnuna  rucoinxjfea 
bfienfi  fiiT^fU,  ni  T:icpainx)  an'Ofo;  ocuf  pof  a  bei€  inTMm 
"oam  baf  "oajbail  in  la  "oa  gebTxif u  baf.  In  baipubfa 
bof  anniu,  am  ?  aţi  TTl  uţiCoD.  T)a  ^eba,  am,  aţi  *Otinlan^, 
ocuf  7)0  ^eba  Oţiian,  ocuf  Conain^,  ocuf  tiţimoţi  mccfei 
OţienT),  ocuf  'Caiţi'oelbac  vo  mac  Wî  ţa\ii  mai€  comfimc 
annofa  ereţi,  aţi  ÎTluţifiaD,  ocuf  'oa  biaD  accain-o  fceLa 
ni'oaţiefaiT;  oţir;  aer  em  cena,  aţi  TTltiţicaT),  if  menic 
raţicaf  "oamţHi  1  firaib,  ocuf  1  firbţiu^aib,  in  bera  ţ^n, 
ocuf  na  comaDa,  ocuf  niţi  r^ţieigiuf  oen  ai-oci  mo  mţi, 
no  mo  T)tictif  oţio.  Cuie  ereţi,  aţi  ^Ounlung,  horo  ţBfi 
ler;fu  do  "oinEbail  7>\v  anniUT).  Ir^air:  an?)  fiur,  aţi 
TTluţicaT),  fG  piţi  T)ec  neoc  if  raiţ^ac  lon^fi,  ocuf  if 
peţi  comlainT)  cer  cac  oen  -Duni  T)ib,  aţi  muiţi  ocuf  aţi 
uiţi,  eenmoua  bţioroţi,  oeuf  Coţinabblireoc,  ocuf  TTlaeL- 
moţi'oa,  oeuf  Lagin  aţicena.  Leic  T)amfa,  am,  aţi  T)un- 
Lan^,  Coţinabbliueoc,  oeuf  va  ţiia  Lem  ni  if  mo,  'oo 
gen  -DO  con^num  Ier  ţoŢ.  If  T)iulain5  in  peiDm  Ţ\n 
am,  aţi  ÎTluţicaD,  a  "Dunlan^,  -oa  peţxafu  e. 
Orderof  XCIX.  Cix),  uţia,  acu,  If  an'Dfin  ţu)  comaţi'oaisir;,  ocuf 
ţio  CoţiaigiT;  na  cerca  cecuaţi'oa  lax)  pon  coţi  fin,  ocuf 
fon  cuma,  co  ţiepe-o  caţibar  cereţiţii'oa  on  Cin-o  coţiaele 
T)on  ca€  ceCuaţi-oa,  ocuf  ţio  ruţime^)  bloD  beim  bailc. 


the  batde. 


^DeUght,  The  word  U  now  spelt 
aoifineaf. 

>  The  kUlt,  Ifiton^  See  ariah. 
Ogyg,,  III.,  c.  22,  p.  200.  This  pas- 
sage  ifl  a  curions  proof  how  long  a  be- 
lief  in  the  Pagan  deities  of  the  IrUh 
lingered  in  the  countiy,  mingled  with 
Chriatianity.  Dunlang  dedarea  that 
he  waa  ofiFered  long  life,  worldly  pros- 
perity,  and  Aeaven  A«req/ler,  if  he  ahan- 
doned  Murchadh ;  but  he  pref erred  cer- 


tain  death  in  battle  to  a  breach  of  hia 
engagement.  Mnrchadh  replica  that 
he,  also,  had  been  ofiFered  in  latiy 
mounds  and  palaces  all  worldly  advan- 
tages,  but  nerer  would  abandon  hia 
country  and  hia  inheritance. 

•  ConuMUtMc  Written  Com-da~ 
hUteoa,  p.  153,  mpra;  and  aee  alao 
chap.  xciz.,  p.  188,  in/r€L 

^  Drawn  t^.      B.  omită  ocof  tu> 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


173 


thee  to  abandon  me;  and  to  abandon  Brîan,  and 
Conaing,  and  Donnchadh ;  and  the  nobles  of  Dai  Cais  in 
like  manner,  and  the  delights  of  Erinn  until  this  day." 
"  Alas,  O  king/'  said  Dunlang,  ''the  delight^  that  I  have 
abandoned  for  thee  is  greater,  if  thou  didst  but  know  it, 
namely,  life  without  death,  witbout  cold,  witbout  thirst, 
without  hunger,  witbout  decay ;  beyond  any  delight  of  the 
delights  of  the  earth  to  me,  until  the  judgment ;  and  heaven 
after  the  judgment;  and  if  I  bad  not  pledged  my  word  to 
thee,  I  would  not  have  oome  bere ;  and  moreover  it  is  fated 
for  me  to  die  on  the  day  thou  sbalt  die."  ''Sball  I  reoeive 
death  this  day,  thenf  said  Murchadh.  "Thou  shalt 
receive  it,indeed/'  said  Dunlang,  ''and  Brian,  and  Conaing, 
shall  receive  it,  and  almost  all  the  nobles  of  !E^rinn,  and 
Toirdhelbhaeh  thy  son."  "  This  is  not  good  encourage- 
ment  to  figbt,"  said  Murchadh,  "and  if  we  ba^  such  news 
we  would  not  have  told  it  to  thee ;  but,  however,"  said 
Murchadh,  "often  was  I  offered,  in  hills'  and  in  fairy 
mansions,  this  world  and  tbese  gifts;  but  I  never  aban- 
doned for  one  night  my  couptry  nor  my  inberitance  for 
them."  "  What  man,''  said  Dunlang,  "  wouldst  thou  choose 
to  be  kept  off  thee  this  day."  "  There  are  yonder,"  said  Mur- 
chadh, "sixteen  men  who  are  captains  of  fleets,  and  every 
one  of  them  is  a  inan  to  combat  a  hundred,  on  sea  and  on 
land ;  besides  Brotor,  and  Comabbliteoc,^  and  Maelmordha, 
and  the  Laighin  also."  "  Leave  to  me,  then,"  said  Dun-  ^ 
lang,  "  Comabbliteoc ;  and  if  I  can  do  more,  thou  shalt  have 
my  further  aid."  "  That  is  a  severe  service,  indeed,"  said 
Murchadh,  "O  Dunlang,  if  thou  didst  but  know  ii" 

XCIX.  The  battalions  were  now  arranged  and  drawn  up^  Order  of 
on  both  sides,  in  such  order  and  in  such  manner,  that  a  four-  *^*  ^^^^ 
horsed  chariot  could  run  from  one  end  to  the  other  of  the 
line,  on  both  sides^ ;  and  the  battalions  then  made  a  stout. 


•  Both  tide$.  ţ?on  cc6^xl  |*in,  octi|* 
jXMi  ccatna,  co  tveitpe^  caţipcn; 
ceitiţi  Ţiicroa  on  cxw'o  co  aţiaile 
non  cat  cetca\v6a  6f  a  ccenT),  aţi 
a  ccotwoiâŢt  ocwf*  ţio  ţtiiYiTne(r6 
bloDb6ifn,  7C,  B.   ^*  In  this  order  and 


in  this  numner;  so  that  afoar-horse 
chariot  oonid  nin  from  one  end  to  the 
other  of  the  lines  on  either  aide,  on 
their  heads"  [Le.  on  the  heads  of  the 
soldiers  standing  in  line],  "aocompaei 
were  they." 


174 


cosaroti  ţcce'oliel  ne  saUccibti. 


Birdsand 
demons 
expecting 
thdrprey. 


The  combat 
of  Domh- 
nBllfSon  of 
Eimin, 
withPlait 


bot>ba,  bayibayi'oa,  T)on  coi  i  cenT)  ayiaele.  UC,  vr\a, 
ba  ho^ci  namcre;  im  ţioe  fen,  ocuf  ni  ba  haţfii  cajiar 
im  cui|im.  Ocuf  jio  cumtiig  ceccaţi'oe  -oib  a  'oisugiia 
î)aîiaile.  Ocuf  fio  in f ai 5  ca6  aţiaile  T)ib.  Octif  ba  ni 
'00  ingnaDaib  bfiora  ruafia|H;bail  in  qfiomglefa  fin  t>o 
înnifin.  Tio  eţii^  em,  bat^b  Difciţi,  T)ian,  'oenmneTXic, 
•oafaScac,  'oufi,  T)uabfec,  T)ercen5rac,  cfiuaiT),  epoDa, 
cofairech,  co  bai  ic  fCfiecaiT)  (qi  Itiamain  of  a  cennaib. 
Ro  eipseraţi  am  bananaig,  ocuf  boccanaig,  octif  ^elim 
Slinni,  ocuf  amari  aD^aill,  octif  fiabfia,  octif  feneoin, 
ocuf  'Demna  ax)m4lT;i  aeoiţi,  ocuf  pifimaminn,  ocuf 
fiabapfliia^  T)ebil  'oemnafi,  co  mbcrcaţi  a  comţţiefadc, 
ocuf  1  commofiax)  aij  ocuf  ifi^aili  leo. 

C.  Ho  comjiaiceT:a|i  afiT)ur  anx)  fin,  *Oomnall  mac 
Gmin,  mofimaeţi  OClban,  o  Opian,  ocuf  piane  mac  pi 
LoClanT),  T:pen  miliT)  "soilt ;  ap  na  jidT)  «do  piair  in  croaic 
jxemi,  ni  ţiabi  1  nOpinT)  pep  baD  incomlaim>  tk),  tx) 
gab,  imoppo,  T)omnall  mac  6min  vo  txiim  e,  pacecoip, 
ocup  ba  cuimnec  cecTxip  7)6,  ap  maiT:in.  Ip  appin  rxinic 
piair  a  ca€  na  lupeaS  amac,  octip  apbepr  ţo  €pi, 
Papap  *Oomnall?  .1.  caic  ira  *Oomnall?  Ro  p.ecaip 
*Oomnall,  ocup  apbepr:,  8unT),  a  pni-oing,  ap  pe.  Ro 
compaicperap  lappun,  ocup  po  gab  ca£  ic  aiţille^ 
apaile   T)ib,   ocup   iqfiocaip  ceccap   ţiepaile,  ocup  ip 


^  £ach  other.    *0a  ceite,  B. 

*  At  afeast  Ud,  "otia,  ba  ticn^ 
fiâfftac  imţute,  octip  ni  ti  tx)  tioigte 
cafiac  im  com'DaiU  Ro  cuitfinig 
cac  "Dlb  cedcaţi'oe  a  'oaig,  ocup  a 
acoip  «oa  -poile,  octip  ba  banna 
•olo^naib  bţvâta,  70.,  B. 

*  To  rtkoe,    He  a  inwpin,  B. 

<  T^ere  arote.  Ho  eiţM^  -ona  bo^b 
t>ian  •DipciTi,  B. 

'  Screammff.  Co  mbai  tKC  tigive- 
pafcc,  B. 

•Aho,    'OnOfB. 

TfMemiaei.  ţeitce  giînne»  ocup 
oiTiTnai'De)  B. 

*  Dutroying.    B.  omits  omnilci* 


'  FirmaiiMnL    Piimînnce,  B. 

1^  Botk  partiet.  B.  reada»  ocup  pia- 
ba|i  ptua§  'DenTniieT>e6  00  fiaba- 
uap.  ooca  tiţp^poâr,  ocup  aga 
ocoTnmai'DeTli  in  ca^'b  dig  ocup 
111501  te. 

"  Firtt  Tio  6oThtunoeraiti  ann- 
pn  cqfi  ciîp,  .1.  DofhnatU  TCn  B. 

^^OnBriim^stide.  B.  omită  obţuan. 

"  NighL  Inoi'Dce  ţieiihenoâ  fuxibe 
in  CTfiinn,  B. 

1^  ImmoâUUtfy,  B.  omits  imofifvo 
and  ţa  6ecof|u 

^  In  ihe  mormmg.  OCfi  a  ^ealUro 
aţi  ma^Mxtn.  CCţv  pin  ccnnic  ptaic, 
7c.,  B. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


175 


furioiis»  barbarous,  smashing  onset  on  each  other.^  But» 
alas !  tbese  were  the  faces  of  foes  in  battle-field,  and  noi  the 
facesoffnendsatafeast.^  Andeachpartyof  themremem- 
bered  their  anoient  animosiiles  towards  each  other,  and 
each  party  of  them  attacked  the  other.  And  it  will  be 
one  of  the  wonders  of  the  day  of  judgment  to  reiate^  the 
description  of  this  tremendous  onset.  And  there  arose^  a  Biids  «ad 
wOd,  impetuons,  precipitate,  furious,  dark,  frîgttful,  ^^^^ 
voracious,  merciless,  combative,  contentious^  vulture,  their  pnj. 
screaming^  and  fluttering  over  their  heada  And  there 
arose  also®  the  satyrs,  and  the  idiota,  and  the  maniaca^  of 
the  valleys,  and  the  witehes,  and  the  goblins,.and  the 
ancient  birds,  and  the  destroying^  demons  of  the  air  and 
of  the  firmament,^  and  the  feeble  demoniac  phantom  host ; 
and  they  were  screaming  aad  compaxing  the  valonr  aad 
combat  of  both  parties.  ^  ^ 

C.  ţ'irst^^  then  were  drawn  up  there,  Domhnall,  son  ThecomUt 
of  Eimin,  high  steward  of  Alban,  on  Brian's^^  aide,  and^^^^^i 
Plait,  aon  of  the  king  of  Lochlainn,  brave  champion  of  the  ^>^, 
foreignera ;  becauae  of  Plait  having  aaid  the  night^'  before, 
that  there  waa  not  a  man  in  Erinn  who  waa  able  to  fight 
him,  Domhnall,  the  aon  of  Eimhin  immediately^^  took 
him  up,and  eaeh  of  them  remembered  thia  in  the  moming.^^ 
Then  Plait  came  forth  from  the  battalion  of  the  men  in 
annour,  and  aaid  three  timea,  "Faraa  Domhnall,''^®  that  ia, 
^^where  ia  Domhnall  f  Domhnall  anawered  and  aaid, 
''Here,  thou  reptile,'*  aaid  he.  They  fonght  then,'^  and 
each  of  them  endeavoured  to  alaughter  the  other;  and 


with  Plait 


^ Forat  DomhndO»  B.  reads,  pueţiiţ^ 
"Oofhnall,  ţ?ii©|MŢ»  "Ooihtialt  ? 
8iina  oTi  "OcMtiftalL  This  word 
Fanu,  or  Fnerisj  eeems  an  attempt  to 
reproaent  the  old  Doniah. 

"  They  Joughi  then.  B.  givea  the 
lemainder  of  thia  paragrapb  thua :  Ho 
cofntiftâicfecaţv  iccriccrh,  ocuţ*  fto 
gaB  ca6  'Di^  ac  ontileod  ocnŢ  oftcu- 
mor  a  deile  ce  cc6t>oi|1.  Cvb  cţia 
a6c   irfvocţvacaTi   comrmrtTn  t^ 


6^te,  octif  iixirtitat-o  |io  ţîţiit  icro 
afi  na  tbâfiad,  ocoţ*  polc  ce^vaiţi 
■oe  1 11*00111)  afunte»  ocuf  a  ooVai- 
•ome  Cfie  ditorâiB  a  66ile:  "They 
fought  then,  and  endeavoured  each  to 
sUnghter  and  mangle  the  other.  And 
they  f  ell  dain  by  each  other,  and  they 
weie  f  ound  in  the  moming  thus — ^the 
hair  of  each  in  the  fist  of  the  other, 
and  the  sword  of  tech  through  the 
heart  of  the  other.*' 


176 


cosccDti  ţae'otiel  ne  ţcclLcnbti. 


amlaiT)  ţ\o  vmx^ez  ocuf  clai'oitifn  cecixifi  "oe  qfie  cin-oi 

afiaile,  ocuf  polr  cecraţi  ve  i  n'oufinx)  a  cele.     Ocuf  |U) 

be  fin  a  cer  coTnlonx)  na  «DOffi  fin. 

ThecomUt      OL    Ife    "oan    bl    aţi    iwell    caca    na  nallmafiac, 

ofSeiS?*^"""^''^  mac  T^uorail,  fii  Li^i,  .gc  ceu  peţi  na|iniac 

feywith     nincomlamT).      'Caţilla  "oo  i  cimaif  cară  bfwain  cucu 

the  Ui  « 

Briuin  and  f®^  ^  comlin  ocuf  a  coma'oaif  ayi  afiium,  ocuf  aţi  imaD, 
Comnaicni.  .1.  pef^al  uRuaific,  ocuf  T)oninaLl  mac  Roţaili^,  ocuf 
Silice  na  noem  mac  T)omnaill  O  peyi^ail,  ocuf  mori 
O  Oţiiuin  ocuf  Conmacni  aţiCena.  CCcr^maD  oen  ni  cena, 
va  cfomacaf  fen  ayia  celi,  ocuf  fo  'oelai^ecaii  on  car 
mof  ama£,  coyiabi  p ex)  cufboif  eTJOfyio  'oon  leit;  artiaiT> 
"Don  moyi  cerc,  ocuf  f  o  ^abacafi  ic  uţieg^ax),  ocuf  ic  rpen 
T^efcaD  aţiaile.  Ho  ba  comaDif,  am,  aifm,  ocuf 
eţifiiUD,  ocuf  ecofc  cecraţi  vq  'oibfen.  *0ai5  ni  cuc 
nec  'oib  fen  vo  uix)  no  va  aiţii  olc  va  neţinax)  1 
Cluain  'Cayib  in  la  fin,  ace  in  nejinacaţi  pein  ecofpo 
•Dulc  ocuf  T)efaincu  f e  cele,  a£c  ifuail  naf  majiboixiţi 

£in  uli  aceli,  ocuf  ni  afimic  fen£aix)i  co  n-oecaiT)!)© 
yiiuin  ocuf  vo  Conmacnib  af,  ace  oen  cec  aţi  oen  ţie 
Peţi^al,  ocuf  ţio  "oilaiţipc  «li  u  Cen'OfeUns  anx),  ocuf 
mebaif  poţiţio  poDeoiT)  co  ca€  na  luţiec.  Uaiţi  ţioba 
gaiţiic  in  cai  11  comaţici  uacib  iac,  ocuf  a  pei'om  caca 
foţiţio,  ocuf  a  n'oţiuim  ţiiu ;  coţi  po  an-ofin  imcafcaiji 
.IX.  buţi  vo  ceglac  peţigail  aţi  T^unlang  mac  'CuacaiU 
ocuf  ţu)  maţibfac  e,  ocuf  ţio  "oicenfcaiţi  TTlac  in  'Cţiin  e, 
caifeac  lo£ca  caip  peţi^ail  efein,  ocuf  cuc  leif  in 
cenx)  cum  peţi^ail  -oa  comuT)ium  ţiif.  Ocuf  cecaic 
laţiţ^n,  in  becan  ţio  bacaţi,  1  cen-o  coEa  bţiiain,  ocuf  1 
n-oeţaiT)  meţigi  ÎTluţicaiT),  ocuf  meţiţi  ţeţigail  accu 
an'Ofem,  ecţiubuaf  aţicocim  a  meţigea-o  uli,  ocuf  aţi 
moţibax)  a  cigeţinaD  .1.  ac  meţigi  ocuf  cţii  ţîifiic. 


Dunlang 
beheaded. 


^Pirates.  The  word  nsed  ia  atU 
maţiac.  The  whole  of  thia  chapter  ia 
omitted  in  B. 

*DunnaiL  Thia  mnat  be  intended 
for  Donlang,  son  of  Tnathal,  king  of 


Ldnater,  who  died  the  same  year  (bat 
not  in  the  battle),  according  to  tbe 
Ann.  of  UUter  and  Foor  Masten.  He 
ia  called  Dunlang  lower  down  in  thia 
chapter. 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  177 

tkey  fell  by  each  other,  and  the  way  ihat  they  fell  was, 
witii  the  sword  of  each  through  the  heart  of  the  other ; 
and  the  hair  of  each  in  the  dinched  hand  of  the  other. 
And  the  combat  of  that  pair  was  the  first  [of  the  battle]. 

CL  The  person  who  was  on  the  flank  of  the  bat-  Theoombat 
talion  of  the  pirates/   was  Dunnall,*  son  of  Tuathal,  ^j  ^SlS? 
king  of  liphe,  with  ten  hundred  men  anned  for  battle.  fey  with 
There  met  him  on  the  âank  of  Brian's  forces,  ag^^u^t  ^^^'^^^ 
these,  their  eqoal  in  numbers  and  in  might,  namely,  ConmAicni. 
Fezghail  Ua  Buairc,  and  DomhnaU,  son  of  Saghallach ; 
and  Oilla-na-Noemh,  son  of  Domhnall  OTeighail,  and 
the  nobles  of  the  Ui  Briuin  and  Conmaicni  also.    But 
now  these  attacked  each  other,  and  they  detached  them- 
selves  firom  the  great  body  of  the  army,  until  there 
was  the  distance  of  a  bow  shot  between  them,  on  the 
north  side  of  the  great  body;  and  they  began  to  ştab 
and  hew  each  other.    But  these  parties  were  equally 
matched  in  arms,  in  vesture,  and  in  appeaxance.    And 
none  of  them  paid  any  attention  to  any  evil  that  was 
done  at  Cluain-Tarbh  on  that  day,  excepting  the  evil 
and  contention  which  they  mutually  occaaioned  against 
each  other.     But  they  veiy  nearly  killed  each  other  alto- 
gether ;  and  historians  do  not  reiate  that  there  survived  of 
the  Ui  Briuin  and  Conmaicni,  more  than  one  hundred, 
with  Ferghal  Ua  Ruairc;  and  the  entire  of  the  Ui  Cendse- 
laigh  were  routed  there ;  and  they  were  afterwards  pursued 
to  the  battalion  of  the  mail-clad  men ;  for  there  was  a 
wood  of  shelter  near  them,  and  they  were  in  order  of 
battle  with  their  backs  towards  them;  and  it  was  then 
that  nine  of  the  household  of  Ferghal  overtook  Dunlang,  Duniang 
the  son  of  TuathaJ,  and  killed  him;  iand  Mac  an  Trin,  who  ^^***^**^ 
was  the  captain  of  Ferghal's  household,  beheaded  him, 
and  he  brought  the  head  to  Ferghal  to  congratulate  him 
on  it.   And  they  went  then,  the  few  of  them  that  were  lefb^ 
into  Brian's  battalion,  and  behind  Murchadh's  standard; 
and  they  had  Ferghal's  standard  floating  there,  afber  the 
fall  of  all  their  other  standards,  and  the  killing  of  their 
chiefs,  namely,  ten  standards  and  three  score. 


178 


coţccoti  ţcce^oliel  ne  ţccUxnbti. 


The  asuult 
of  the 
Dai  Cais 
upon  the 
Danes. 


CIL  Ro  coTnfiaicfGc  layifin  ccrB  'oolig,  'Dibeţi^ac,  •onţi- 
cţiai-Deac,  'ouabfeS,  T)ian,  T)enTnneuac,  "oafaccac,  na 
îiCCnTnafigac,  ocuf  in  'oaTnfiai'o  •otan,  •oîulain'o,  'oiţieqwi, 
ocuf  5aTnan|iai'5  glan,  5an>ct»  sefioca,  ţaţibeaoa,  "golac, 
^nimac,  jiigDa,  fiofimaii,  ţiobLoDafi,  T)alcaif ,  octif  macni 
CCillella  tllaiTn  in  oen  incro.  Octif  fio  -peţicro  ca6 
pi&oa,  puleach,  pp-iiifi,  ţorv^eţig,  ţoţifitiamanTKi,  peo&np, 
peţi-oa,  pGficnnail,  anmin,  a^cqfib,  anniQcp£a>  efcaţvDemenU 
eTnjfipo  -Diblinaib ;  octif  jio  gab  cac  cc|x  leoD  octif  lecfuro 
octif  a|i  cfejDa'D,  ocuf  aţi  refccro,  aţi  oiţileaS,  octif  aţi 
actimma  a  fele  'oib,  octif  ţio  ciţiţibir,  ocuf  ţfio  ţeţiţioic* 
ctiiţip  coema,  ctianna,  cunToacra  foeţiclanT)  fuoinc, 
l^gainT),  focomamD,  foeţibefaC,  anx)fen  eruţiţio.  Oa 
comţiac  "oa  comcţiuaiT),  octif  comactilttini  tmi  con- 
rţiaf-TK!  in  oen  inoo  |^in.  Ocuf  ni  fuail  in  ni  ţiif  ba 
fomalra,  octif  niţi  bec  in  ni  -oaţi  ba  con)6afmaiil  roţi- 
anT)clef  ixiilc,  călcaţi,  T^înnenfac,  octif  cţieCan  zen% 
uţien,  conţibreS,  na  niuinT:iţii  fin  le6  oţi  let  ba  com- 
fiafmail  lium  em  amail  boD  hi  in  niţimominr  ilbţiec, 
illa€a6,  inganx^aC,  no  leiqpeaD  fţioif  qfioim  rai'olenaiţ 
•oaţieaclannaib  ţiurnecaib  "ooţi  TX)nv  gnuifib  in  calman. 
Wo  amail  bcro  6  fţienngeninefi  ţxeniTMi  îHngnen'oa  na 
nell  naţiT)  naeţi'oa,  ica  ctitnafc  octif  ica  combţiuî)  vo 
na  goe^aib  ilib,  ecfamla,  cexw  i  cenu  Mo  omail  ba 
hi  in  mm  im>,  no  in  muiţi  meaţi,  moţurobtiU  ocuf 
Sţie-oan  gaţib  jliprefi  na  cerţii  ngoefi  ngluaifi,  ngloiniDi, 
comcţitiaiT),  coiţi»  cont^ţx^Kx»  ac  ixziumech  a  mimofcltinD 


1  Then.  Ro  oomţicnceonxatv  cmn- 
fin,  B. 

^Danmarhiani.  B.  reada,  nOCUb- 
Thufiad,  ocuf  Txnhfiai^  inan,  "oiini- 
taing,  'oif^fiecqfux. 

•  Championt.  "  Gamhaniaidh.'* — 
(See  alK»Te,  p.  166,  note  *.)    B.  reada, 

5afhcmfiar6  i;lansoTi'^x^  gnloitiaâi, 
5aiticct)e(yDa,  ţiiog^ 

^And.    Gol,  B. 

^Fmiom,  Mmx^.  B.  reada,  Ro 
pecciicro  cot  ptiitifi,  ţ:16i>aiţ»ilead» 


poTVDeţig,  peoÂcnţi,  ţoiiptiamcofraa, 
pecq^fi'Da,  ţeafuntiait^  oitimtn. 

^And.  .OnL,  B. 

^Chave.  GCglecyoocaf  asteofuro 
aţicnle,  og  cite^ixcroi  ocnf  05  ceop- 
cca'6,  ace  onjilead,  ocof  aoc  ocdnma 
a  teile  "oV^»  Ylo  ciixţitxro  caiţip 
faeficl>(infi  foi^efoc  focmnamn 
ecoTijiai  B. 

*  Moving,  B.  reada,  ocuf  tw  ooih- 
pocaU 


WASS  OF  THE  GA£DHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


179 


CIL  Then^  the  feaiftd,  murderous,  hard-hearted,  The  oMauit 
tenific,  vehement,  impetuous,  battalion  of  the  Dan-  ^^  q^^ 
markians,'  and  the  vehement,  irresistible,  unangweiable  «pon  the 
phalanx;  and  the  fine,  intelligent^  acute,  fieroe,  valorons,  ^^ 
mighty,  royal,  gifled,  renowned,  champions'  of  the  Dai 
Cais,  and  all  the  desoendants  of  OilioU  Olum  met  in  one 
place;  and^  there  was  fought  beiween  them  a  battle, 
fiuious,  bloody,*  repulsive,  crimson,  gory,  boisterous, 
mauly,  rough,  fierce,  immerciful,  hoetile,  on  both  sides; 
and®  they  began  to  hew  and  deave,^  and  ştab,  andTnit,  to 
slanghter,  to  mutilate  each  other;  and  they  maimed,  and 
they  cut  comely,  graceful,  mailed  bodies  of  noble,  pleasant» 
comrteous,  affable,  acoomplished  men  on  both  sides  there. 
That  was  the  clashing  of  two  bodies  of  equal  hardness, 
and  of  two  bodies  moving*  in  wntraiy  directions,  in  one 
plaoe.^  And  itisnoteasyto  imagine  whattolikenitto;  but 
to  nothing  small^^  could  be  likened  the  firm,  stern,  sudden^ 
thunder-motion ;  and  the  stout,  valiant,  haughty  billow-roll 
of  these  people  on  both  sides.  I  could  compare  it  only  to  the 
vari^ated,  boundless,  wonderful  firmament,^ '  that  had  cast 
a  heavy  sparkling  shower  of  fiaming  sta»  over  the  sm*- 
faoe^^  of  the  earth ;  or  to  the  startling^^  fire-darting  roar  of 
the  douds  and  the  heavenly  orbs,  confoimdedand  crashed 
by  all  the  winds,  in  contention,  against  each  other.  Or  to 
the  Bummit  of  heaven,**  or  to  the  rapid,  awfuUy  great 
sea,  and  the  fieroe,  contentious  roaring  of  the  four  trans- 
parent, piure,  harsh,  directly  opposing  winds,  in  the  act  of 
breaking  loose**  from  the  orderof  theirrespective  positions. 


Tkux.  6.  omits  fem,  and  adds 
octi|*  niţi  bo  piaiiU 

^oSmaiL  Lit.,  "Small  is  not  the 
thing  to  which  oonld  be  likened."  B. 
reada,  ocuy*  tilţv  bece  cm  ni  f^iŢ  ba 
corhoophait  coţvafindlep  caile, 
călcaţi,  cînnefiiad,  ocuj*  cyveofcan 
cenT)  coiţvţncea^,  yc 

^FirmamaU,  Oa  ooţnhail  leni 
orhoil  bu-D  1  an  fnfVTnaihonc  ilbţw- 
ac  ifigoncai,  iloatai,  no  leiccpeo^ 
VXiaŢ  cţvom  zwtleat,  B. 


^Sur/ace.    'Conngnitiţ^,  B. 

^^SUmUng,  d|ven'n};eininea^ţM»g- 
nen'oa  na  nâll  nuep.'Do,  a;ga  oca- 
m^âyc  ocuy*  apa  ccombvai'Dţiea'D, 
octif  aga  coombfi^ga^  TKma  gao- 
toib  ilib  examlaib  oen^)  i  ccenT},  B. 

1^  Summit  ofheaeen,  Lit, "  beaven's 
head.'*  B.  omits  these  words,  and 
reads,  no  arhoil  \mi>  1  mtiifin  meţv 
ni6ţi  a'obal,  "  or  to  the  noise  of  the 
awfuUy  great  sea." 

^Brţaking  loote.    CCg  Txatmeat 

N2 


180 


cosccDti  ţcce-otiel  ne  socLlcnbti. 


IC  ţxîailiUT).  No  amonl  bcro  he  in  bfia€  boilc  bopt^ 
ţ^U'Da6  tnfcro  «oaţi  cumţx^ticti'D  if  vo  'oiix^ailiiro  comoetitM, 
na  cerxifi  'oula  ctim'oai]^,  vo  bţiu'o,  ocaf  vo  bi6  bţiacixrD 
in  Txmiain  •ouint)  if  TKxqia  aţi  a  cenu  ba  rafnalra 
tem  |ie  cafi  nî  -oib  fin,  bloDbeim  boilc,  boDba,  hajt- 
bafiTm  fciafi  jx^iam-oa,  ţx^elbocoDech,  {iti£iie£,  ţitioD 
ţieclannac,  cloinni  tu'Dea6,  ţo  oiagaib  ralci  corole- 
£aib  na  nanaţi  naţi  n'oibeţicaC,  ica  coma£,  ocar  ica 
combiiUT),  ocuf  sleDen  gluaifi  slainit)!  cloi-oiutn  qfuiaro, 
coljDiţiiiich  *Oalcaif,  ac  cocceuil  cfiuaiî),  comnefvc,  ţ|ii 
luţieSaib  Iti^maţux,  lain'oeţvoa,  rfie^tiala^a,  xxt%\£h  rfieti 
qfiebţioi'o  na  nanmaţiţa^  allmaivoa  iccnam  comac  cofip, 
octif  cen'Dnii]lla£  pfiiti,  coţiabi  a  nuaim  octrp  a  poţoii 
ocuf  a  macalUc  fen  i  nuamaib,  ocof  m  naUxoib, 
octif  1  cailli:ib  comaicfib  'ooib.  Cop  ba  peiinm  crobul- 
fnofi  'Dona  ca£aib  ce£txxţ\'oa  imganoD  a  ţiofg  fiinT)  ţlof, 
octif  a  n^uai)  nţlan  ţafca  ţof  na  cfiT^fib  upoma 
ren'Dt'Di  fo  uapninf  fismili'D  Clanni  taţi>each  a 
hînnib  aiT;hi  aicbeti  na  claiTyitim  ItifneS  lain'oeffoa, 
ac  fpaigteT),  ocuf  ic  fleicgaifi  na  lupefi,  "oponDfitibnefi 
The  tatua  wb.  Ocuf  fo  fofţlefcaţi  na  ^oill  ociif  na  ţoill- 
STtowwB  î®^^^  bacaţi  tia£ib  ac  pei^tim  aji  fcemleoD  CC€a  Clia€ 
of  Dublin.  OD  fioDonfc,  co  faicuif  faiţnoana  cenui^Di  ţon  aefi 

eţurobul  aţi  ca£  le6  tia£ib. 
Aoooimt        CIIL  1f  ni  "oa  ofţ^^^l^l'  r^^  ^^  caafafcbail  aic  Tnael- 
|i][^^^  feclcnnT)  mac  "Oomnaill,  fi  'Cemfa^,  poffin  nefafcoin 
Uimi,  Ung  fin,  in  can  bacaf  Clanna  Colmain  ic  lafţai^  ruaji- 


olTftlB. 


ocQf  og  cţienfxnle^  im  ni,  r\6 
ctfbcnt  bi'6  6  om  \r[uxt  bonlc  bofiţv- 
ţonSoch  tioţHt6  t>o  cafn|^»ocli<r6 
octif  TK)  TMompxnle^  ocof  no 
t>ţii|«e^  ooinaenccr6,  B. 

1  Cnuk,  T)o  btiipeib  ocnf  tk)  bi6 
btie6u<t6  om  Twmom,  B.,  omitting 
the  ranainder  of  the  aentenoe. 

>  Strong.    B.  omits  borolxL 

»3rWye<  ftotfli.  BoeUbot^ad  tun- 
tentwon>,  B. 

<  Ltidsek,  B.  nftds  more  comctlj, 
ClomneltiK^>ead;  "theCUnnLnlgh- 


deeh,"  or  detoendants  of  Lng*id;  tf 
in  line  18  of  this  page.  8ee  Gened. 
Table  IIL,  Appmd.  B. 

^Olaujf.  'Con^lea^afian'Oanaiii 
B. 

^F^wmfuL    Co  qvoon^  B. 

^  /Vee.    ppri  Inifieachaib  lotilMi- 

ţiont>  loDfineţvDoiB  na  fi*Oommorpoc 

nCdtmaix'Doi,  B. 
«  TTfltt  lAen !  Le^  wHh  flMir  iwofdi. 

B.  omite  p|\iii. 

•  So  ikaL  Co  ţunBe  a  vpKDin, 
octff  a  nefotuxxnn,  ocof  a  moBcaUa 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.         181 

Or  to  the  stern  tenific  judgment-day  that  had  come,  to 
confonnd,  and  break  down  the  unity  of  the  four  Rur- 
rounding  elements,  to  crush^  and  finally  shiver  the 
compact  world,  and  to  take  vengeanoe  on  it.  To  all  these 
oould  I  compare  the  smaahing,  powerful,  strong,'  bar- 
barous,  shield-ehining,  taiget-bossed,'  red,  sparkling,  starry 
ODâet  of  the  dann  Ludech,^  nnder  the  stout  bright  azes 
of  the  stern,  murderous  Danars,  mutilating,  and  croshing 
them;  and  the  gleaming,  bright,  glassy,'  hard,  straight 
swords  of  the  Dai  Cais,  in  hard,  powerful^  clashing  against 
ihe  firee,^  sparkling,  thrice-riveted,  stout,  poweiful,  pro- 
tective  armour  of  the  piratical  Danmarkians,  Hnumhîng  with 
ihem'  the  bones  of  their  bodies  and  their  dculls,  so  that®  the 
soTind  of  them,  and  the  uproar  of  them,  and  the  echo  of 
them  were  reverberated  £rom  the  cavems,  and  firom  the 
difis,  and  from  the  woods  in  the  neighbourhood;  and  it 
became  a  work  of  great  difficulty  to  the  battalions^^  on 
both  sides  to  defend  their  clear  sparkling  eyes,  and  their 
flushed  bright  cheeks  from  the  heavy  showers  of  fieiy 
sparks  which  were  sent  forth  l^  the  royal  champions  of 
the  Clann  Lughdech  from  the  sharp  fearfiil  points  of  their 
bright  gleaming  swords,  in  hacking  and  cutting^^  the 
firmly  hooked  mail-coats  off  them;  and  it  was  attested  by  Thetattla 
the  foreigners  and  foreign  women**  who  were  watching  2J|\^^ 
firom  the  battlements  of  Ath  Cliath,  as  they  beheld,  that  of  DnbUn. 
they  used  to  see  fiashes  of  fire  fix>m  them  in  the  expanse 
of  air  on  aU  sides. 

cm.  Another  attestation^'  of  this  is  the  description  Aoooimt 
which  Maelsechiainn,  son  of  Domhnall,  king  of  Temhair,  mIS^- 
gave  of  that  crush,^^  when  the  Clann  Colmain  asked  l^mii  kâng 

^ of  TftIB. 


1  nuccmcnt»,  oci]|^  cmaitlon^  ocii|^  i 
ocoitlcitî  ooThpoicp^  B. 

^BaitaUoni,  "Oo  fiOfcaiB  tim-o- 
glajM  na  ccat  ccedroqfi'oa  înţtcma'O 
na  ţ6U  ocaţ^  fia  ngritfOD  fi];a|xa 
aţ\  na  ac|ii6  uţioma  ueînna'oe  |u> 
conpiratis  yc,  B. 

^^CaUing.  OC5  |*Tiaij|tea^  ocaţ* 
05  eţxiţvooain  na  toiţiea6  n'Dţumi 
nT>Tiiiitine6,  B.  omittiiig  jyi^ 

^Foreignwomm.  D.readsnangatt 


octiţ^  na  ngotltpeac,  which  is  nn- 
grmmmatical.  The  reading  of  B.  has, 
therefore,  been  followed,  where  the 
whole  paasage  îs  as  foUows: — OctiT^ 
|u>  ţoiţvccleDati  na  sailt  ocaţ^  na 
SoiU/ţ^a  boccoTi  aţi  yx^ilitea- 
"oaib  0C6a  Ctiot  00  ţaicx>1|^  eon 
ţuroaiiic  uataib  na  poipiena 
ceinnci'oe  \^  aeţi  aţi  ^at  let. 

u  AUtttttiiUm,    poiţigell,  B. 

M  Crtuh.    CCn  ime|x>ţicccnn,  B, 


182 


coţaroti  ţae-oliel  Re  ţaHocibli 


ofcbala  tti  caCa  'd6.    1f  ont)  ofbetvc,  titicu  nacofa  ca6 
maţi  e  ţiiam,  octif  noco  cuala  a  fio^tnoil,  ocai*  ctT> 
angel  -oe  'oo  beţioD  a  mafiafcbail  if  •oi^ţieicmi  tem  thx 
peDcro.     OCct;  oen  ni  ţoţif  a  rofilla  fnaiţiifeo  cmx),  tn 
can  |io  cotnţunqpeT;  a  cexxMţi  po  ^ab  ca£  ic  cfiesocro 
a  celi  wb.    bcn  jofx;  ocuf  cUro  eqwiiTiTii  ocuv  iac, 
ocuf  in  cfiuoD  5oe€  eţiţicai'Di  caţifcib  cticaitiT),  ocav  ni 
ţxici  na  pecro  |iif  a  fnbligpea  b6,  no  tki  bai,  bamofi  cmv, 
in  can  na6  tnbţieT)  •ouni  -Don  "oa  ca£  acni  aţi  celi,  ciT)e 
a  mac  no  a  bţioiaiţi  bar)  compoguf  do,  mini  ^tx^iro 
ai  cm  aţi  a  5ti€,  no  a  pf  ţiemi  acei  m  cinoD  a  mbioD, 
aţi  naţi  ImaD  eceţi  cern),  octif  agiT),  ocuţ*  ecac,  do 
bţioengail  na  pola  poţiţitiamanDa  la  poţpan  na  joen 
ţlanpuaiţi,  bai  r^aţifcib  SucainT).    Ocwf  51*0  Degensnum 
bcro  aii  'ouin  vo  Deniim,  ni  pocpamcnf ;  Daiţ  ţio  cenţloir, 
octif  ţio  cuibţiigit;  a  ngae  op  a  cennaib  "oa  ţolcaib 
paiDb  ţu)  iapainî)  in  goei  cugainT),  aţi  na  cefccro  vo 
claiî)mib  coljDiţigib,  octif  vo  cuagaib  ixiiDlecaib,  co|i 
ba  leu  montiţi  Duin  beic  ic  ţieDiugiiD  ocuf  ica  (aipneac. 
Ocuf  ba  vo  beccaib  eţieni)  aţi  aţi  mo  Den^am  von 
lucu  ţio  oDaim  m  meţxxţiţain  ţnn  înnaţ*  Duni  ţomna^cain 
a  pegfia  can  zo&c  ţie  gaic  no  aţi  ţ^eanţUD. 
ThaoombAt     CIV.   "Oala  "Ounlaing,  imoţiţio,  came  ma  ca6  na 
O'Hartî^  ^^^^^^T^^  ocuf  ni  Cuc  cacilL  aţi  nec  Dib,  oaiţi  m 
withCor-  ţiabi  caţia  vo  ţctllcnb  acei   eceţu     Octif  ţio  înţ^ij 
"*  Coţinabbliceoc  ocuf   mc   cafi   atufan   anmin    ogojib 

amaţimaţirac  va  £eli  T)ib.  If  cmT)  fin  rancacaţi  cţiitiţi 
vo  mtiînnţi  Coţinabliceoc  aţi  a  belaib,  ocof  ctiqxiu 
cţii  fain  in  oenpefo  aţi  Dunlang.    OC&c  moD  eni  Cena 


^Aaked  Atm.  CC  cciu'd  m\Ţ  na 
'oeghon'D  fin  ag  pocfiţcniM  foâ^'oe, 
B.:  **At  the  end  of  a  monih  after- 
waidi,  askiag  hlm  for  an  aooonnt  of  ît** 

^Heaaid.  Fiom  thu  place  the  dif- 
ferenoes  between  the  two  MSS.  are 
ac  fluent  and  confiderable  that,  in- 
stead  of  loading  the  pagei  with  Tarions 
readings  the  Editor  has  given  the  text 
ofB.atfiillintheAppendixC.  Keat- 
ing,  from  another  Boorcei  has  iiiMrted 


this  narratiTe  in  his  hittoij.  Dr. 
0*Donoyan  giTes  Lynch*8  Latin  tru»- 
lation  of  it,  Fomr  MasL^  p.  776w 

^Amditis.  These  WMda,  to  the  cod 
of  the  chapter,  are  omîtted  in  B. 
Keating  readfli  ba  'D615  Imn  ncqfi  fh6 
"oiitc  'Don  'Dfvoing  booi  fon  ţfxA 
lona  'Dâînne  patong  a  bfrânspone 
Som  aţv  nT>ot  aţv  fxxoînneal»  ocof 
afi  potnartionn-  "Anditiadoubtfol 
to  tu  whether  thooe  engaged  ia  the 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL. 


183 


him*  for  an  aocoTint  of  the  battle.  It  was  then  he  said,' 
"I  never  saw  a  battle  like  it,  nor  have  I  heard  of  its 
equal;  and  even  if  an  angel  of  Qod  attempted  its  descrip- 
tion,  I  doubt  if  he  could  give  it.  But  there  was  one 
ciicumstanoe  that  attracted  my  notice  there,  when  the 
foroes  first  came  into  contact»  each  began  to  pieroe  the 
other.  There  waa  a  field,  and  a  ditch,  between  us  and 
thezn,  and  the  shaip  wind  of  the  spiing  coming  over  theni 
towards  us;  and  it  was  not  longer  than  the  time  that  a 
cow  could  be  milked,  or  two  cows,  that  we  continued 
there,  when  not  one  person  of  the  two  bosts  could  recog- 
nise  another,  though  it  might  be  his  son  or  his  brother 
that  was  nearest  him,  unless  he  should  know  his  voioe, 
and  that  he  previously  knew  the  spot  in  which  he  was; 
we  were  so  covered,  as  well  om*  beads  as  our  fiBMses,  and 
our  dothes,  with  the  drops  of  gory  blood,  oarried  by  the 
force  of  the  sharp  cold  wind  which  passed  over  them  to 
us.  And  even  if  we  attempted  to  perform  any  deed  of 
valour  we  were  unable  to  do  it,  because  our  spears  over 
our  heads  had  become  dogged  and  bound  with  long  locks 
of  hair,  which  the  wind  forced  upon  us,  when  cut  away 
by  weUraimed  swords,  and  gleaming  axes ;  so  that  it  was 
half  occupation  to  us  to  endeavour  to  disentangle,  and 
cast  them  off.  And  it  is'  one  of  the  problems  of  Erinn, 
whether  the  valour  of  tbose  who  sustained  that  orusbing 
assault  was  greater  than  ours  who  bore  the  sight  of  it 
without  runmng  distracted  before  the  winds  or  fainting." 

CIV.  We  must  now  speak  of  Bunlang.^    He  rushed  on  ThecomUt 
the  host  of  the  pirates,  and  spared  not  one  of  them,  because  j|,^"^"*«f 
he  had  no  firiendship  at  aU  for  the  foreigners.    And  he  with^Cor- 
approached  Comabliteoc,  and  each  of  them  made  a  rough,  ^*»^*«>c- 
fierce,  unmerciful  assault  on  the  other.    Then  came  three 
of  the  people  of  Comabliteoe  in  front  of  him,  and  they 
made  three  simulton^us  thrusts  at  Dunlang.    But,  it  was 


battle  Bostained  more  evll  tliao  the 
men  who  endured  the  aight  of  it  with- 
out going  mad  or  diatmcted.** 
^DmUang.    This  evidentlf  meanfl 


Dunlang  O^Hartigan  (aee  chap.  xcriii.) 
The  whole  of  this  chapter  ia  omitted 
in  B.,  aa  ia  alao  eh.  xcviii,  in  which 
Dunlang  waa  fint  mentioncd. 


181  coţcroti  BaeDtiel  ne  ţatlanbti. 

ni  hînnb  ftn  erep  ţio  bi  t)iI  acobai|i  "Otinloinţ,  a&c  i 
Co|inablireoc,  uaifi  ruc  oficufon  atimif),  ogaţibjoenţofux, 
paiţi  'DU  gae,  tio6  va  Cogaib  a  faini),  octif  noc  va 
meraij  a  menma,  octif  no£  vo  lin  a  laaConsrteD,  ţoţi 
gab  ap.ţiin'D  cmmin  T;fieniiT;  eciji  cofip   if  cnefecitro. 
^a  ţxifcin  fei5  th)  mtunnţi  Cojinabltreoc  -oa  tugm- 
raţi  qio  •oangen,  '0ibjiaic€ea6,  'Dti|ic|\cnT)6c,  ina  nmcelU 
ocuf  TJticfocaţi  na  cjii    coecaic  va  box^aii  onnagont) 
in  oen  abtill  ap.  "Otinlans.    CCtc  oenni  cena,  mp  caDWf, 
octif  mp  comapci  va  ngepna  in  rxinacul  pin ;  vaxs 
va  €oit;  pe  "Ounlanţ  ca£  oen  poon  pe  himţain,  ocof 
pe    himbualaD  -oib,   conac  paba    ecepna    ecoppo  co 
inicpacop  pan  pancaca,  octip  btiilloDa  bpoSa  va  cele. 
OCcu  mov  oennî  cena,  ipe  pin  in  rpep  compac  tp  "Dolţi 
bai  1  Cltiain  Tîapb  in  ningnaip  t  n'oepna  THapEaD  vo 
cnam  coma6  cen-o  ocup  colanu    "Ooig  ba  rpenpoocop 
rcnpb  acei  pein,  octip  ba  pticen  pig  milei).    OCfe  enî 
cena,  ipuailnab  com€uinm  "oan  TKxna  caumiliT)  pin,  ace 
ipe  ^Otinlang  vo  'oiCen'o  epium. 
Combat  of      CV.  "Oala  Conaing;  po  mpoij  peic  pi  toţen  .1.  tHael- 
Md^Lw!-  ^^"^^  ^^^  TntipfiaDa,  octip  vo  mapboD  .tii.  pip  vec 
mordha,     '00   mtinuip  ca6  pip  "Dib  ap  belaib  a  ngepnoT),  cop 
j[^gj^     compaicpec  pein,  cop  com€oicpec  pe  cele  .1.  Conoin^ 

pi  T)epmtiman,  octip  TTlaelmop'oa,  pi  Lajen. 
Thebattie      CVL  T)ala  Cona^Tc,  imoppo,  po  inpaiji'oap  pein  ţcnW' 
A*^**°  of  ^^  Clia6,  octip  "00  s<xbaDap  ap  cele,  octip  ipe  pin  iti 
Connanght  btiaUro  TieTienaS  bai  ap  in  muig  pin,  uaip  va  mapbor» 

DalieBof  ^^^  ^*  ^^  ^^  ^^'^  ^^^'  ^^^^  "^  T?anic  beo  ap  -00 
Dublin.  Conafeaib  abc  oen  cec,  octip  nticti  T)e£aiT)  vu  ţollcn^ 
CCta  Clia€  afc  oen  pi6i,  ocup  ic  "opofut;  Dubjaill  fo 
mapbai)  in  pep  maDepeao  v\h  .1.  CCpnaill  Scoc  .1.  ipiac 
po  mapb  e  lufe  caigi  'Cai'os  Ui  CelUng.  *Oala  imopţu) 
comlaint)  in  ca€a  pin  ocup  a  etea  ni  mo  in€t  ic  "Oio 
ica  a  pp,  uaip  ca£  oen  ip  mo  ica  miaD  a  pip  •op«oc- 


1  Combais :  meanlng  single  combată, 
the  other  two  being  ncoided,  chapt. 
c  andcL 

*  Conamg,  He  ia  af terwards  called 
"  King  of  Des-mhomha,**  or  Desmond ; 
but  B.,  in  both  plăcea,  calls  him  "  Co-  | 


nang,  MO  of  Donncnan ;"  abowing  thit 
Conaing,Brian*8  ncphew,  waa  întcodii 
S^Gmialojfieal  TiM$  IIL,  AppendE 
*Twm^,  B.  aajTS,  "but  mne." 
See  Appendix  C. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAKDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  185 

not  on  them  Dunlang^s  deşire  and  attention  were  fixed, 
but  on  Comabliteoc ;  for  he  gave  him*  a  rough,  fierce^ 
rapid  bW  of  a  spear,  by  which  his  ardour  wbs  exdted, 
and  liis  spirit  roused,  and  his  active  mind  occupied;  for 
îts  rough  point  passed  throngh  him,  both  body,  and  body- 
armour.  When  this  was  peroeived  by  Comabliteoc's 
people,  they  formed  a  firm,  compact,  hard-hearted  drde 
aronnd  him ;  and  the  thrioe  fif ty  of  them  that  were  there, 
tumed  themselves  at  the  same  time  against  Dmilang. 
However»  it  is  certain,  that  their  defence  procured  neither 
respect  nor  mercy  for  their  chief,  for  by  Dunlang  fell  every 
one  of  them  who  waited  to  be  wounded  and  beaten,  nntil 
there  remained  no  interposition  between  them ;  and  they 
dealt  ardent  ţhrusts  and  fearfiil  blows  at  each  other.  And 
this  was  one  of  the  three  hardest  oombats^  that  took  place 
at  duain  Tarbh,  besides  what  Murchadh  performed,  of 
bone-breaking  of  heads  and  bodies.  For  his  wm  ihe 
fierce  rushing  of  a  bull,  and  the  scorching  pati)  of  a  royal 
champion.  But  to  retum,  these  brave  champions  nearly 
fell  by  each  other;  Dunlang,  however,  beheaded  him. 

CY.  We  must  next  speak  of  Conaing.'   He  fau^ed  Mael-  Combstof 
mordha,  son  of  Murchadh,  king  of  Laghin,  and  sixteen^?^^ 
men  of  the  people  were  killed,  each  man  of  them,  in  fi-ont  moidiia, 
of  his  lord,  before  they  themselves  met,  and  fell  by  each  ^jjj^ 
other,  viz.,  Cionaing,  king  of  Des-mhumha^  and  Mael- 
mordha,  king  of  Laghin. 

CVL  We  speak  next  of  the  men  of  Conacht.  They  ad-  Thebattie 
vanced  to  the  foreigners  of  Ath  Cliath,  and  they  attacked  ^f][îJLof 
each  other.     And  that  was  the  decisive  defeat  that  took  Connaughi 
place  on  the  plain ;  for  they  were  [almost]  all  killed,  on  both  îJîi^^ 
sides,  there,  for  there  esoaped  aUve  £rom  it  of  the  men  of  Dublin- 
Conacht,  one  hundred  only ;  and  there  escaped  of  the 
foreigners  of  Ath  Cliatii,  but  twenty,'  and  it  was  at 
Dubhgall's  Bridge  the  laat  man  of  these  was  killed,  viz., 
Amaill  Scot,  and  those  who  killed  him  were  the  house- 
hold  troops  of  Tadhg  Ua  Cellaigh.    The  full  events  of 
that  battie,  however,  and  its  deeds,  Qod  alone  knows; 
because  every  one  besides  who  could  have  had  knowledge 
of  it  fell  there  on  either  side ;  and  every  man  had  sufBcient 


186 


coţaroti  sae-otiel  Re  ţallcobti- 


tiocaţi  anT)  le€  aţi  le€,  octif  boi  obaiţi  cafi  oen  wb  a 
Pf  a  ruifiucra  pen  aţi  mei;  a  ecni. 
Pancgyric  CVII.  Imuifa,  imoţifu),  Tlflti|i£aiT)  mic  bţiioin,  in  ţii5- 
chadurâon  ^^^^'^'  ^  Bobfi'oe  a  T>a  cloi'Dium  cfioDa  cofnnefira  -i. 
of  BriăXL  clai'oium  ina  «oeif ,  octif  claiT)itin)  ina  ele,  tiaiţi  if  fe 
fin  T>uni  T>e7)ena£  ţii  ba  coni7)eif  imbaalTxi  'oa  Deif 
ocuf  T>a  cil  bai  in  nOţiinu  Ife  T)tini  x>eT>enaS  iţvpabi 
in  piţi^aifceT)  in  eţiim>  6.  Ife  uuc  a  bţieiiţi  fiţilais 
na6  beţuro  oen  rjiais  rei§&T)  fieifin  cinitiT)  T>oenna  «li, 
aţi  coma  fa  bit,  atc  minboD  cînnci  leif  con  ec  cţie 
bi7;hu.  Ife  Dtini  "oeDenafi  ifţiabi  comlonT)  cec  in 
©finT)  e.  Ife  T)uni  T>eT>enac  fo  maţib  cec  in  oen  Io  e- 
Ife  cofceim  'oeDenac  ţiuc  in  fifBoifceT)  in  eţiinT)  e. 
*OaiE  ifeT>  înnific  fen6an>i  na  n^oe^eU  moţipefiuji 
amail  THuţifcro  comlonD  niac  8hamain,  ocuf  .tiii.  amail 
TU  ac  8hamain  comlonT)  Ltija  Laga,  ocuf  .uii.  amail 
Luj  Laga  comlonT)  Conaill  Cerinaig,  ocuf  .nu.  amail 
Conall  Cefna£  comlonT)  toga  tamaţxrca  mic  Gclenn, 
ocuf  .nu.  amail  Log  Lamapaca  comlonT)  heccoip 
mac  Pfiiaim.  Octif  coniT)  iac  fin  uiT)eDa  ocuf  imce£ca 
in  pţiimgaifciT)  o  xnif  in  T)omain,  ocnf  gonac  bei6 
in  ţ)fiimgaifceT)  ţieim  1le£coft,  uaiţi  naiT)in  e  conici 
fin,  ocuf  nifi  mengnuma  e  fo  hocci,  ocuf  cona  bei€ 
laţi  THuficaT) ;  naiţi  fenoiţi  c|ii£ac  q[iinT)ibliT)i  e  o 
hm  ama£.  Ocuf  cofmailliuf  aifi  T)uneca  comcen- 
aigic  amlaiT)  fin  T)on  goifceT)  octif  T)on  T)omun  aţi 
nincamlngUT)  incliucca.  Ro  be  fin  incGccoiţi  incam- 
laigcech  na  GţienT),  ilbuaDaigi,  aţi  cţieDinm,  octif  cţi 
gail,  ociif  aţi  jaifceT),  aţi  enea£,  ocuf  aţi  engnum. 
Robe  fin  in  8amfon  fuaiţic,  fOcomainT),  fegDainT), 
ÎX)eţibefafi  na  nebţiaiT)i,  im  focaţi  ocnf  im  fcnţii  a 
acaţiT)a  ocuf  a  ceneoil  ţie  ţi6  pen,  ocuf  fie  amfiţi.  Ro 
befin  inc©ţicoil  coca6ca£  canafi  fio  fcţiif,  ocuf  ţio 


^Beamte  U ;  meaning  apţMraitl7  tlie 
world.  **  Before  Hector  the  woild  was 
Initsinfiuicy;  after  Mnrchaâh  it  shall 
be  in  its  old  age  and  dotage.** 

^JUKgion,  OCfi  cţietnani,  "in 
faith."    The  thiee  Unea,  Crom  Uo 


beftn  to  ofi  engniiTn,  tre  omitted 
inD. 

•  Jdaee.  B.  haa  improved  the  aeoM 
by  omltting  the  worda  "for  the  proa- 
periţy  and  freedom  of  his  fatherland 
and  of  hîs  lace." 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL.  187 

to  do  to  know  his  own  adventures,  firom  the  greatnees  of 
his  distresa 

CVIL  To  retum  to  Murchadh,  son  of  Brîan,  the  royal  Panegyrîc 
champion.  He  grasped  hia  two  valiant  strong  swords,  viz.,  cLdCson 
a  sword  in  his  right,  and  a  sword  in  his  left  hand,  for  be  o'  Brian. 
was  the  last  man  in  Erinn  who  had  equal  dexterity  in 
striking  with  his  right  and  with  his  lefb  hand.  He  was 
the  last  man  that  had  true  valour  in  Erinn.  It  was 
he  that  pledged  the  word  of  a  true  champion,  that 
he  would  not  retreat  one  foot  before  the  whole  of  the 
human  race,  for  any  reason  whatsoever  but  this  alone, 
that  he  might  die  of  his  wounds.  He  waâ  the  last  man 
in  Erinn  who  waâ  a  match  for  a  hundred.  He  was  the 
last  man  who  killed  a  hundred  in  one  day.  His  was  the 
last  step  that  true  valour  ever  took  in  Erinn.  For 
this  is  what  the  historians  of  the  Gaedhil  say,  that  seven 
like  Murchadh,  would  be  a  match  for  Mac  Samhain;  and 
seven  like  Mac  Samhain,  a  match  for  Lugh  Lagha;  and 
seven  like  Lugh  Lagha^  a  match  for  Conall  Cemach ; 
and  seven  like  Conall  Cemach,  a  match  for  Lugh 
Lamha-fada,  the  son  of  Eithlenn;  and  seven  like  Lugh 
Lamha-£eula)  a  match  for  Hector,  the  son  of  Priam.  Such 
are  the  degrees  and  vanations  of  illustrious  championship 
from  the  beginning  of  the  world;  and  there  waâ  no  illus- 
trious championship  previous  to  Hector,  because  it^  was 
only  an  infant  till  his  time,  and  was  not  fit  for  action,  nor 
shaJU  there  be  after  Murchadh,  because  it  shall  be  a  palsied 
driveUing  dotard  ever  afber.  And  thus  championship  and 
the  world  are  compared  with  human  life,  according  to 
intellectual  metaphor.  He  was  the  metaphorical  Hector 
of  all-victorious  Erinn,  in  reUgion,^  and  in  valour,  and  in 
championship,  in  generosity,  and  in  munificence.  He  was 
the  pleasant,  affable,  intelligent,  accomplished  Samson  of 
the  Hebrews,  for  promoting  the  prosperity  and  freedom  of 
his  Mherland  and  of  his  race',  during  his  own  career  and 
tima      He  was  the  second  powerful  Hercules,^  who  de- 


^HeraUet.    D.  leada,  inc  &coiL: 
bat  B.  giYes  th«  trae  reading,  ane 


^ţicoil,  which  has,  therafon,  beea 
introdttced  into  the.  text 


188 


coBcron  scce-otiel  ae  Bccllcnbti. 


upon  the 


•oelaţiif  piaftHi  ocuf  TX)ţia6îiu  a  hOiiiiTo,  fio  fiţi  lafa, 
ocuf  Imn,  ociif  uamanna,  na  porla  pon'oaîVDi,  aţi  na6 
pabi  "oun  no  -oigonn  if  in  T)onitin.  Robe  in  Lug  tamoca 
comcofmail,  |io  ling  ca£  Docaiţi,  ocuf  ţio  lomoiţi  cafi 
cfiencenT),  ocuf  |io  fqiif,  ocuf  ţio  inaţib  s^llu  ociif 
allmaţiofiu  a  h6|iinT).  Robe  in  comla  ca£a,  ocuf  in 
clia€  ugpa,  ocuf  in  T)Of  'oiren,  ocuf  in  tx)|i  bfiun  bi'Dbcro, 
a  a€a|iT)a  ocuf  a  ceneoil  ţie  fi6,  ocuf  fie  fiemif. 
Hisiasanit  CVIIL  Oc  connttic  in  fiipniliT)  fiomoţi  fiocatma  fin 
octif  in  cuţi  cfiODtt  comnaţir;  in  mefOfigain,  ocuf  in- 
p[ii€olum  uucpcrc  TDanoifi  octif  CCnmafisoi^  allmctfVDa 
ţ?fii  TDalcoif,  if  amail  baif  no  bit  anim  "oo  fioînnefxaifi 
•DOfXMn  f^in,  comafi'ouT)  5<^ll  ţ?fiiu,  ocuf  fio  gab  pefig 
Diqia  •oimofi  e,  ocuf  bfiu€  bofifipoDa^,  aDbulmofi,  fio 
gab  mev  menman  ocuf  aicniu  OCi^fiacc  en  gaili  octif 
goifciT)  inT),  comba  afi  luamain  of  hinib  ocuf  of  omaiL 
Ocuf  fiuc  wiicim  cfien,  cţiicc,  caifibrec,  nnnefnac,  ţo 
caC  na  nCCnmafigac,  amoil  vom  «Dian,  'oenmnerac, 
•oaf^fcaâ  af  na  •ofiofigabail,  no  omail  leomon  lom), 
leTxifiTxxch,  lurmafi,  lanSalma,  Txyotifcirifi,  ocuf  cfiouifi 
ima  culenaib,  no  mafi  bofibfiuaciif  T>ian  bunni  TnlenT), 
bfiifreaf  ocuf  bţiecaf  ca6  ni  cof  a  fiice,  ocuf  fitic 
beifinT)  cufuro,  ocuf  locaif  mileT),  -oaf  ca€  na  nCCnmafi- 
cac.  pofiglir;  a  efcafiir;  va  heif  .1.  fen£aiT)i  5^11  octif 
Logen,  cofi  Ctiir;  .L  va  T)eif,  ocuf  .L  T>a  cli,  "Don  fitioSufi 
f^n ;  octif  nifi  aiftefioig  beim  fiiam  vo  neoc  afc  oen 
beim,  ocuf  nifi  gab  fcia€  na  ltifiea£  f[ii  beim  T)ib  fin 
fiiam,  con  leao  ctiifip,  ocuf  cen'omullaig,  octif  cnam 
mafioen  "Oib.  C^v  qfia  afc,  fio  fiafic  rfiefin  ca6  fiaji 
co  ba  cfi  mafi  fin.  Ro  tenaic  e,  imonfio,  •oamfuiiT) 
•oian,  T){ulaing,  "Oifiecfio,  -oefimaifi,  Clainni  luigoea£  ocof 


^lkmmarbkm$,  CCfimoTisaiţ  fot 
"DomfnoTi^^  B.  nada,  "DanaiTi 
octif  atimoqfun^  **  Danais  and  pi- 
ntes.** 

s  T€§tyhd.  Oyer  the  word  ţofistic 
in  D.  Is  the  glon  no  înnipc,  '*or  it 
istold.'* 

*  HiaUfrimu.    Fiom  this  it  appetn 


that  thero  wero  Iriah  hatoriana  of  the 
eide  oppoeed  to  Biian,  and  favomable 
to  those  KoTsemen  who  were  alliei  of 
the  king  of  Leinater.  Bat  their  worki 
are  now  nnf ortanatelj  loet  Thef  aze 
here  appealed  to  as  admitting  the  gnai 
prowese  of  Morehadh. 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  189 

stroyed  and  exterminated  serpents  and  monsters  out  of 
Erinn ;  who  Rearched  the  lakes,  and  pools,  and  cavems,  of 
noble-landed  Fodhla^  whom  no  fortress  or  fastness  in  the 
world  could  resist  He  was  the  Lugh  Lamha-fada,  who, 
like  him,  sprang  over  every  obstade,  laid  bare  every  brave 
head,  and  exterminated  and  expelled  the  foreigners  and 
pirates  out  of  Erinn.  He  was  the  gate  of  battle,  and  the 
hnrdle  of  conflict,  and  the  sheltering  tree,  and  tiie  impreg- 
nable  tower,  against  the  enemies  of  his  fatherland  and  of 
his  race  during  his  time  and  during  his  career. 

CVIII.  When  this  veiy  great,  very  valiant^  rojalHisaMavit 
champion,  and  brave  powerfiil  hero  saw  the  crushing  and  e^yî** 
the  repulse  which  the  Danars  and  the  piratical  Dan- 
markians^  gave  to  the  Dai  Cais»  it  operated  on  h\m  like 
death,  or  a  permanent  blemish,  to  see  the  conflict  of  the 
foreigners  witii  them ;  and  he  was  seized  with  a  boiling, 
telrible  anger,  and  an  excessive  elevation,  and  greatness  of 
spirit  and  mind.  A  bird  of  valour  and  championship  arose 
in  him,  and  fluttered  over  his  head,  and  on  his  breath. 
And  he  made  an  active,  brave,  vigorous,  sudden  rush  at 
the  battalion  of  the  Danmarkians,  like  a  violent^  impetuous, 
furious  ox,  thatis  difficult  to  catch ;  or  like  a  fierce,  tearing, 
swift,  aQ-powerfid  lioness,  that  has  been  ronsed  and  robbed 
of  her  whelps ;  or  like  the  fierce  roU  of  an  impetuous,  delug- 
ing  torrent,  which  shatters  and  smashes  every  thing  that 
opposes  it ;  and  he  made  a  hero's  breach,  and  a  soldier's  field, 
throngh  the  battalion  of  the  Danmarkians.  It  is  testified' 
by  his  enemies  afber  him,  viz.,  the  historians'  of  the 
foreigners,  and  of  the  Laighin,  that  there  fell  fifby  by  his 
right  hand,  and  fifby  by  his  left,  in  that  onset;  and  he 
never  repeated  a  blow  to  any  one,  but  only  the  one  blow, 
and  neither  shield  nor  mail-coat  was  proof  to  resist  any  of 
those  blows,  or  prevent  its  cutting  Oie  body,  the  skull,  or 
the  bone  of  every  one  of  them.  Thrice,  now,  passed  he 
through  ihe  battalion  in  that  manner.  He  was  followed, 
too,  by  the  great^  impetuous,  irresistible,  matchlesş, 
phalanx  of  the  dann  Luighdech,  and  thb  fine,  lively. 


190 


coscroîi  sae-oTiel  ne  ţcclLccibti. 


gaman'Oiiai'D   slan^afca,  geţiora,  jalac,  snimafi,  ţcqfi- 

beoDa,  a  ieglac  bcroein  .1.  uii.  pcit;  meic  ţiig  boccq^  iTja 

^e^lac,  ocuf  cjiica  cev  in  pefi  ba  liisti  T)u6uf  T)ib  fin. 

Ro  lenoic  e  co  haic,  ccclum,  imerfium,  co  mbencn)  bon-o 

Pfii  bonT),  octif  cenT)  pfii  cent),  ocuf  cnef  -pfii  cnef ,  tki 

eif  ca6  conaiţi  ma  îiancoccqfi.    Ocuf  pif  7)0  famailpec 

fin   -oaini   CCia  Clicrf,  bcrcoii  pofif  na  fcenolib,  icca 

fe^OD,  conaţi  ba  lia  leo  feţiţi^laigi  ecptinnaf  o  moţi 

meiil  IC  buain  goipr  cojici,  cit)  7)a  cerc  no  rfii  "oo 

Sfieifcea  pai,  ol'oaf  folT;  of  sai€  uauib,  afi  na  lecţuro 

T>o  ruajaib  ryioma  raiT)lecaib,  ocuf  tk)  claiT)bib  lain- 

ne|iT)a  lafanna;  coniT)  aipi  fin  afbepc  mac  CCmlcnb, 

bai  ap  fcemle-D  a  5pianan  ţein  aca  pegar).     1f  mai€ 

benaic  na  ^oiill  in  gopr,  apfe,  if  im-oa  feppclaiţi  lec- 

caiT;  uoBib.    CCp  -oepeT)  tai  if  cecafrxi,  ap  ingen  bpiain, 

.1.  ben  [meic]  OCmlaib. 

DuraUonof     CIX.  Cit)  cpa  acTî,  bacap  ap  in  linipen,  ocuf  ap  in 

ferni^h   ^^^^wo^<^  icrc,  o  rparh  epp  co  lapnoin.    1f  inunT),  on, 

watcrat     ocuf  in  cGn  bif  in  mtiip  IC  z\atv  ocup  ic  ruli  ocup  ic 

hî^water  ^^^^^0.    *0cn5  if  a  lan  mapa  rancarap  amac  na  5<^ll 

at  soiiaet.   «oo  cup  in  ca€a  if  in  macin,  ocup  vo  pocr  in  muip  ina 

hinat)  cema  "oopipi  im  "oepeD  lae,  in  ran'p^  muiT)  apna 

Jallaib,  octip  puc  in  lan  mapa  a  longa  uacib,  50  nac 

pabi  accu  poDeoiT)  lea€  no  reiCpmp,  ace  ip  in  poifip, 

ap  mapbaT)  5<^ill  na  lupeac  uli  vo  *Oalcaip  apEena. 

Total  de-    ^  maiT)  poen  po  maDma  ap  ^allaib  ocup  Laignib,  co 

featofthe  T^igaip  in   oenpefe,   ocup  po  goippecap   a  commaipc 

Danish  and  t< 

Leinster     cintn,  ocup  a  caipmepca  comnnenaip,  cum  ceci-o  ocup 

*"»!»•       cum  rpein  gabala ;  ocup  ipeT)  po  cecperap  ip  in  paipgi, 

•oaiţ  ni  pabi  accu  lec  no  recpetnp  cena,  uaip  po  bop 

eruppu  ocup  cent)  "opofait;  *0ub5aill,   ocup  po  bap 


^  Chompions.  Lit,  "  Gamaiiraiâli." 
8ee  abore,  p.  166,  note  *. 

>  Townkmd,  The  phnae  qfiioia 
COD,  wai  naed  to  signify  a  barony  or 
townland.  So  that  the  meaning  10: 
notone  of  these  foUotren  of  Murchadh 


that  waa  not  the  owner  of  at  leaat  a 
towniand. 

•  Workmg.  D.  reada,  ]^pcea. 
which  is  a  mUtake  d  tba  fteribe^ 
ţfieipcea,  the  reading  of  B.,  haa  beea 
substituted. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


191 


valianţ,  brave,  fierce  champions,^  of  his  own  household, 
namely,  seven  score  sons  of  kings  that  were  in  his 
household;  and  the  man  of  smallest  patrimony  amongst 
them  was  lord  of  a  townland.'  These  foUowed  him 
sharply,  quickly,  and  lighily,  so  that  they  touched  each. 
other  foot  to  foot,  and  head  to  head,  and  body  to  body, 
behind  him  in  every  place  that  they  came  to.  And  it 
appeared  to  the  people  of  Aih.  Cliath,  who  were  watching 
them  from  their  battlements,  that  not  more  numerous 
.would  be  the  sheaves  floating  over  a  great  company  reaping 
a  field  of  oats;  even  though  two  or  three  battalions  were 
working*  at  it,  than  the  hair  flying  with  the  wind  from 
them,  cut  away  by  heavy  gleaming  axes,  and  by  bright 
fl«.mîng  Bworda  Whereupon  the  son  of  Amhlaibh,  who 
was  on  the  battlements  of  his  watch  tower,  watching 
them,  said,  ''  Well  do  the  foreigners  reap  the  field,"  said 
he,  "  many  is  the  sheaf  they  let  go  from  them."  **  It  will 
be  at  the  end  of  the  day  that  wiU  be  seen,"  said  Brian's 
daughter,  namely,  the  wife  of  [the  son  of  ^]  Amhlaibh. 

CIX.  However,  now,  they  continued  in  battle  array,  Dmation  of 
and  fighting  from  sunrise  to  evening.    This  is  the  same  \^  y^ 
length  of   time  as  that  which  the  tide  takes  to  go,  ^«terat 
and  to  flood,  and  to  fiii     For  it  was  at  the  frdl  tide  the  Mghwater 
foreigners  came  out  to  fight  the  battle  in  the  momîng,  and  »*  ««■«*• 
the  tide  had  come  to  the  same  place  again  at  the  close  of 
the  day,  when  the  foreigners  were  defeated;  and  the  tide 
had  carried  away  their  ships  from  them,  so  that  they  had 
not  at  the  last  any  place  to  fly  to,  but  into  the  sea;  after 
the  mail-coated  foreigners  had  been  all  killed  by  the  Dăl 
Cai&    An  awful  rout  was  made  of  the  foreigners,  and  of  the  Total  de- 
Laighin,  so  that  they  fled  simultaneously ;  and  they  shouted  ^^^y^  ^^ 
their  cries  for  mercy,  and  whoops  of  rout,  and  retreat,  and  Leinster 
running ;  but  they  could  only  fly  to  the  sea^  because  they  *"***^ 
had  no  other  place  to  retreat  to,  seeing  they  were  cut  off 
between  it  and  the  head  of  Dubhgall's  Bridge;  and  they 


*  Am  of.  D.  readflţ  ben  GCmlcnb, 
**  Amlaff'fl  wife  ;*'  but  this  i«  an  evident 
miatake ;  and  therefore  the  reading  of 


B.,  ben  meic  GCmlaib,  has  been 
adopted.  Sitric,  eon  of  Amlabh,  or  Am- 
laff,  was  nuuried  to  Brian's  daughter» 


192  coţcroti  ^ae-otiel  ne  sccllcnbti. 

euiţiiio  octif  cailt  'dotj   lei€  ele.     Cit)  rţia  a£c,  fio 

fiecŢecaji  ifin  pafiţi,  amonl  elca  bo  aţi  aibell,  ţie  ţio 

€ef ba6,  ociif  fie  cpeib,  ocuf  fie  culib  ocuf  yio  lenaic  co 

hoic,  aSlutn,  imeqfiufn,  ocuf  ţio  boftir  co  T)in)oţi  mei  na 

Jcnll»  co  mbinf  na  caţinoib  ocuf  na  ceTxnb  comco- 

mafcCi  afi  na  fca|i€ain  fie  ciallaib  ocuf  fie  ceqpcDaib 

coţipa|i7)aib,  yiefin  ruaţicain  ze\rw  xxxiţiifmic,  ocuf  ţiefin 

coCucuT)  contUxn,  c|iuaT)cţian>ech,  tki  ţionacaţi  TDalcoir 

fiiti,  ocuf  Conacra,  ocuf  i  ţiabi  anv  aţicena  tk)  marib 

pefi  e^ienu 

Toideibach,     CX.  1f  an'Ofein  va  cuaiT)  'Caiţi'oelbaf,  mac  THuţi- 

^"*d«iiL    ^^'^'  ^^^  bfiiain,  1  n-DegaiT)  na  njall  if  in  pajigi,  co  r;uc 

drowned  at  in  bunni  ţiobaţiT^a  bulli  ţaifi  im  caţiţiiT)  Cluana  Txifib» 

Sontarf.*^  octif  if  amloiT)  |io  bofieD  e,  ocuf  5^11  pae,  ociif  ^aLt 

ina  T)eif,  ocuf  5^11  macle,  ocuf  cualli  na  caficro  cfiix;. 

"Ml  ţiabi  ina  aif  pen  -ouni  hcco  peţifi  enea£  no  en^naTn 

in  G|iinT),  ocuf  ni  ţiabi  ODbuţi  fiig  boD  pefiţi.    "Ocng 

enţnum  a  acafi  am>,  ocuf  îiiT)a£t;  a  fenacaţi,  octif  nifi 

flan  ace  .u.  bliaDna  t)6c  tk)  anT)fin.    Ife  pof  in  T;îieţ* 

T)uni  if  mo  |io  maţib  inia  fen  e. 

Aitereation     If  ^^'^  î^"  î^  V^*^  ingen  bfiiain  ben  [meic]  CCmlaib, 

SeloTof   ^^  '^^5  lemfa,  aţifi,  |io  benfoc  na  5«^ll  yie  nT)Ucti|*. 

Amiaff  and  CiT)  fon,  a  ingen,  ccţi  mac  OCmloib.    Ua  ^aill  ic  tjoEj; 

hUwife.     ^^  ^^  paţigi,  air  if  -otial  iHiib,  aţifi,  nu6a  netxqi  ifi 

aibell  pail  oţiio,  ace  ni  anaie  ţie  mblegtin  maper).    Ro 

peti^aiceD  mac  OCmloib  ţiia,  octif  euc  "ooţinT)  t)i. 

Expioîtsof      CXI.  Imruf,    imoţiţio,  THuţi^aiT)    mic    bţiiain.     CCţi 

Murjadh,  |iQ£ţ;(3nii  «oo  eţii  cac  na  n^all  ocuf  t>o  jarţicnt)  TDalcoiţ* 

Brian.       a|i  oen  pţiif ,  €cmail  ţio  ţiemţiai-ofem,  uaiţi  tki  baeofi  T>ţienn 

vo  cafimile^nnb  na  nJctH  ţiiam,  can  zeycero  ifin  ţxiţiţi, 

eeeţi  no6  ca  ţiabi  ciall  if  cumni  'oib,  a£e  ţio  boţxi  leo 


^Intheiea.    Lit,  >' in  tt  ^  bat  a 

readfl,  ^Ţ^r\  ppairis^  "^  *^«  ■•*•'* 

^Underkim.  B.  omits  the  *'foreigner 
under  him;"  making  two  fonignen 
0DI7  to  have  peiiahed  with  him. 

•  AmklaibVâ  «ni.  Here  again  fhe 
reading  of  B.  has  been  followed.  See 
note,  p.  191.    He  is  called  Amh]afl>h*8 


son  in  the  nezt  line,  which  proTee  that 
the  omÎBBion  of  the  word  tnac,  in  D. 
ifl  a  mere  clerical  error,  althongli  it 
ocean  in  two  differant  plaoei^ 

^  Bhw.  B.  adds,  w  ^^  ben  pa- 
cont  ofa  ce€mn,  "which  knocked  a 
tooth  ont  of  her  bead*** 


WABS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.         193 

were  cut  off  between  it  and  the  wood  on  the  other  aide. 
They  retreated  iherefore  to  the  sea^  like  a  herd  of  oows  in 
heat^  from  sun,  and  from  gadfliess  and  from  insecta;  and 
they  were  pursued  dosely,  rapidly,  and  lightly ;  and  the 
foreigners  were  drowned  in  great  numbers  in  the  sea,^  and 
they  lay  in  heaps  and  in  hundreds,  confonnded,  after 
parting  with  their  bodily  senses  and  understandings,  under 
the  powerful,  stout,  belabouring;  and  under  the  tremen- 
dous,  hard-hearted  pressure,  with  which  the  Dai  Cais,  and 
the  men  of  Conacht,  and  as  many  aa  were  alao  there  of 
the  noblea  of  Erinn,  pursued  them. 

CX.  It  waa  then  that  Tordhelbhach,  the  aon  of  Mu]>-  TordeiUch, 
chadh,  son  of  Brian,  went  after  the  foreigners  into  the  sea^  Smâdim 
when  the  rushing  tide  wave  atruck  him  a  blow  againat  drowned  at 
the  weir  of  duain-Tarbh,  and  ao  waa  he  drowned,  with  a  aJJJS.^ 
foreigner  under  him,'  and  a  foreigner  in  hia  right  hand, 
and  a  foreigner  in  hia  left,  and  a  atake  of  the  weir 
through  him.      There  waa  not  of  hia  age  a  peraon  of 
greater  generoaity  or  munificence  than  he  in  Erinn;  and 
there  waa  not  a  more  promising  heir  of  the  kingdom. 
For  he  inherited  the  munificence  of  hia  father,  and  the 
royal  dignity  of  hia  grand&ther;  and  he  had  not  com- 
pleted  more  than  fifteen  yeara  at  that  time.    He  waa  alao 
one  of  the  three  men  who  had  killed  moat  on  that  day. 

Then  it  was  that  Brian'a  daughter,  namely,  the  wife  Aitercation 
of  Amhlaibh'a  aon*  said,  "  It  appears  to  me,**  aaid  ahe^  STl^of 
"  that  the  foreignera  have   gained   their   inheritance."  Amiaff  and 
"  What  meanest  thou,  O  womanî"  aaid  Amhlaibh'a  aon.  ^  ^^^ 
''  The  foreignera  are  going  into  the  aea^  their  natural  inhe- 
ritanoe/'  aaid  ahe ;  "I  wonder  ia  it  heat  that  ia  upon  them ; 
but  they  tany  not  to  be  milked,  if  it  ia."    Tlie  aon  of 
Amhlaibh  became  angered,  and  he  gave  her  a  blow.^ 

CXI.  To  retum,  however,  to  Murchadh,  aon  of  Brian.  Expioîtsof 
When  he  had  paaaed  through  the  battalions  of  the  foreign-  JJ^*^' 
era,  accompanied  by  the  championa  of  the  Dăl  Caia,  aa  Brian. 
we  have  aaid  before,  there  was  a  party  of  aoldiera  of  the 
foreigners  atill  before  him,  who  had  not  ruahed  into  the 
sea  as  yet,  who  retained  their  senses  and  their  memoriea, 
and  who  preferred  enduring  any  amount  of  suffering  rather 


194 


coscroîi  scce'oîiel  ne  sccUccibti. 


Orkney, 


ând  slAya 
him. 


Heattoekfl  cac  eTJualang  a|iT)omon  •otilan^  inop  a  mbcrcau  1f  atiT) 
eSÎ^  r®"  ^^  conmpc  ÎTluiicaT)  8iuc|iaiT),  mac  Loraiţi,  lajila 
Inri  Ofic,  aţi  laţi  coca  *Oal  Caif,  ica  naiţileac  ocuv 
ica  narcuma,  ocup  bd  lunni  locpaiiro  "Daţi  maig  leif 
eruppu,  ocuf  ni  jeibrif  ţienna  no  ilpaibaifi  e,  ocuf  ni 
biT)  zerw  nac  TrţiaisenT),  ocuf  ni  hw  iJiug  nac  ixincncenT). 
1f  anT)  fin  ţiucafcaiţi  ÎDufica'D  ţiucrcaţi  ţio  cţien  'oain- 
f aigiT),  octif  fxo  mnlaic  bulli  boţib,  rţien,  bţitii;  bfiifcer, 
na  lama  leii;mici  luacecuaici  "oefi  -Deg  rapaiD,  t)iii- 
fai^iT)  coel  in  cuiyip,  ocup  cengal  in  carbaiţi|i  gallra 
Sfianemail  bai  po  cen-D,  cop  jeppapcaip  na  cnaip,  ocup 
cengal,  ocup  lara,  ocup  na  copaigci  bacap  ic  conţbail 
in  ca€baipp,  ocup  rnicapcaip  claiDium  na  lama  aiUi 
ain'oeipi  va  aiplec,  ocup  va  arcuma,  ap  roinm  a  cac- 
baipp  ap  a  cui  ve,  cop  geppapcap  coel  in  cuipp  cop 
rpapcaip  in  rpen  miliT)  pin  "do  Da  beim  comrentia 
comT)eppa  map  pen. 

CXII.  1p  an-opin  uanic  in  cacrniliD  cupaua,  angbaiT), 
®J^^°fif  alUrca,  CCnpaiT)  mac  Obpic,  mac  pig  LoclanD  i  cpiplaf, 
lann,  at-  ocup  1  cepx:meT)on  T)al  Caip,  ocup  ba  Urcip  milet),  ocup 
ba  bepnT)  cupai)  no  leicrea  vo  cac  conaip  ma  cegeD, 
ocup  TH)  pini  pînnmaig  do  Ier  cinD  in  ca€a  imacuaipu 
DO  bemennaib  bopba  bapbapDa,  ocup  do  bulleDoib 
Murchadh  agmaţia  aniapmapraca.  RoDpecip  fflupcoD  in  ni  piu, 
meeUi^  ocup  ba  gal  cpaiDi  leip,  ocup  ţio  impo  papCappna  ţo 
cac  na  lupeac  cop  mapb  .u.  jallu  Dec  Da  Deip,  ocup  i 
cuie  Dec  Da  cli  Donneoc  ima  pabi  lupeac  co  piafo  [mac] 
Glbpic  mac  pi  LoclanD..  Uaip  pobepin  cenD  ţaili,  ocup 
gaipaD  pluaig  LoclanD,  ocup  gali  uli  apcena,  ocup  po 
cuipepcaip  comlonD  peig  peocaip  pulea£  popDepg,  ocup 
ţleicgapb  glipDeofi  co  hanmin  agapb  epcapDemaiL   1p 


Ebric,  son 


tacks  the 
Dai  Caia. 


^Siueraid,    *' Sitraic,"  B. 

•  Neck,  Ltt,  "  the  narrow  part  of 
the  body."  This  bombastical  deecrip- 
tion  is  omitted  in  B. 

*  Wturior.  It  ia  posaible  that  an- 
ţurOi  the  vordhere  rcndered  "wairior,** 
ma/  be  intended  as  the  pxoper  name 
of  this  Champion,  and  that  we  should 


lead  **  Anrad,  son  of  Ebric,**  fte.  The 
romantic  tale  caUed  the  BatUe  ofCkm- 
tarf  so  undexBtands  it  Bnt  there  is 
eridentl^r  some  conf usion ;  for  the  herp 
here  caUed  '*8onof  Ebric,"  is  a  little 
lower  down  called  "Elbric,"  iriiich 
ought  to  be  "  [son  of]  Elbric*'  R 
calls  him  here,  when  he  is  fast  med- 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  195 

than  be  drowneA     It  was  then  that  Murchadh  perceîved  Heatuck» 
Siucraid,*  son  of  Lotar,  Earl  of  Inşi  Orc,  in  the  midst  o{^^^ 
the  battalion  of  the  D£l  Cais,  slaughtering  and  mutilating  Orknejr, 
them ;  and  bis  fmy  among  them  was  tbat  of  a  robber 
upon  a  plain  ;  and  neither  pointed  nor  any  kind  of  edged 
weapon  could  harm  him ;  and  tbere  was  no  strength  that 
yielded  not,  nor  thickness  that  became  not  thin.    Then 
Murchadh  made  a  violent  rush  at  him,  and  dealt  him  a 
fieroe,  powerful,  crushing  blow  from  the  valiant,  death- 
dealing,  active  right  hand,  in  the  direction  of  bis  neck,* 
and  the  fastenings  of  the  foreign  hateful  hehnet  that  was 
on  his  head,  so  that  he  cut  the  buttons,  and  the  fastenings, 
and  the  clasps,  and  the  buckles  tbat  were  fastening  the 
belmet ;  and  he  brought  the  sword  of  the  graceful  left  and  alaji 
bând  to  hew  and  maim  him  afb^r  the  belmet  had  fallen  ^"^ 
backwards  from  him ;  and  he  cut  his  neck,  and  felled  that 
brave  hero  with  two  tremendous,  well-aimed  blows,  in 
tbat  manner. 

CXII.  Then  came  the  beroic,  valiant,  noble,  renowned  Ebrfc,  aon 
warrior,*  the  son  of  Ebric,  son  of  the  king  of  Lochlann,  °{ S^JÎ°* 
into  the  bosom  and  centre  of  the  Dăl  Cais,  and  it  was  the  i^^i  «t- 
clear  stage  of  a  warrior,  and  the  breach  of  a  hero  was  p^  oaif. 
opened  for  him  wberever  he  went ;  aud  he  trampled  to  a 
litter  one  end  of  the  battalion,  dealing  in  all  directions 
fierce,  barbarous  strokes,  and  victorious  irresistible  blows. 
Murchadh  perceived  this,  and  it  was  a  beart-ache  to  him,  Murchadh 
and  be  turned  obliquely  upon  the  battalions  of  the  mailed-  moeThto. 
men,  and  killed  fifteen  foreigners  on  his  right,  and  fifteen 
on  bis  left,  who  were  mail-clad,  until  he  reached  [the  son 
of]  Elbric,  the  son  of  the  king  of  Lochlainn,  for  he  was 
the  head  of  valour  and  bravery  of  the  army  of  Loch- 
lainn, and  of  all  the  foreigners  also.    And  they  fought  a 
stout,  furious,  bloody,  crimson  combat,  and  a  fierce,  vehe- 
ment, rough,  boisterous,  implacable  battle.    And  the  sword 


tioned,  **  Elbric,  ton  of  the  king  of 
Lochlann,"*  and  in  the  second  place 
'*  Ebric,  son  of  the  king  of  Lochlann," 
transposing  the  names  giren  him  in 
D.,  but  in  neither  place  speaking  of 


"the  son  of  Ebric"  or  Elbric.  The 
same  person  is  eridently  meant  in 
both  plăcea,  and  the  name  intended 
Fas  probably  Eohrie  or  Eric;  or 
perhaps  Eifric 

02 


196 


coţcToti  ţcce'oTiel  tie  sccllccibti. 


Both 

mortali^ 

woundfid. 


Elricbe- 
headed. 

Murchadh 
livQstothe 
foUowing 
da7. 

The  adven- 
tureB  of 
BrUiifkixig 
of  IraUnd. 

Hekneds 
in  pnyer, 
dfiârmghis 
Beirant  to 
watch  the 
battle. 


Hein- 
qnires  of 
tiie  senrant 
the  pro- 
gniiof  the 
fight 


amlaiT)  bai  clai'Ditim  ÎTlufiSoiT)  airofin  aţi  na  mfma, 
ocuf  elca  vec  bocaji  aicci  ţio  le^foc  |ie  fio  cefba6 
imualt^a,  ocuf  "oo  "oluig  in  cUn'oiani  ve  alaim  ilUroani 
a  mugaiiinT)  cofcelL  8ellaif  in  ni  rin,  ocuf  fio  lae  in 
clai'Dium  uaD,  ocuf  fio  gab  cenT>niullac  in  soill,  ocuf 
fio  huifc  a  lufii6  "oap  a  cenT)  foifi,  ocuf  fio  cuififec 
gleic  rnifiafcala  lafifin.  Ro  cuifi  lilufi6aT>  pai  in  igall 
a  niţiT;  lamfigi,  ocuf  fio  ^ăb  claiDium  in  gaiLl  ţein 
laţifin,  ocuf  fio  fai€  i  clei€  ocr;a  in  gaill  e  co  fiiacc 
ralmain  cţiir  ţoz\i\.  "CafiaiT)  T)an,  in  gali  a  fXîin  pein, 
ocuf  cuc  zavali  «oo  îTlufiSoD  co  fio  rxAX  a  înni  iili  af, 
ocuf  cofi  ruirpec  aţi  lafi  ina  pia^naf^.  Ro  feiiqpec 
cfieia,  ocuf  rama  lafifin  pofi  TTluţifiaD,  ocup  ni  fio  pec 
^mx:ecc,  ocup  fio  comniinc  afioen  an-of^n,  in  gali  ocup 
mapcar),  afc  oen  ni  cef^a  po  ben  ÎTlupScro  a  cem>  Dun 
gali,  ocup  ni  po  mapb  THupcaD  in  oDaich  pin  infi,  co 
cfurf  eipgi  apnabafia£  co  xxificn'o  cfiei^fia,  octip  comna^ 
ocup  acpigi,  ocup  cofi  6aiC  copp  Cpipc,  ocup  co  n'oepna 
aipici,  ocup  a  €inina 

CXIII.  Imrup  imoppo  bpiain  mic  Cennecig,  ppipin  fie 
pin,  ap  compiafxxxin  "Dona  ca£aib  fio  pcaiLei)  a  pelL  pae, 
ocup  fio  oplaic  a  palcaifi,  ocup  fio  gab  i  clapecut  allam, 
ocup  IC  aipnagi  T)ap  eip  na  cat,  ocup  ni  fiabi  ne£  na 
apuT)  ace  a  giLla  pein  .1.  Lacean  a  ainm,  [o  raic  O  Ixrcean 
pop  ip in  niumain.]  OCpbepr;  bpian  ppip  in  gilla,  pog  na 
ca£a,  ocup  na  comlonna,  co  ngabupa  na  palmu.  Ho  gab 
.L  palm,  ocup  .U  opian,  ocup  .U  pauefi,  ocup  po  imcomapc 
•oon  giUa  lapf^n  cînnap  baixxp  na  ca£a.  Ho  fiecaip  in 
gilla,  ocup  apbepr  accumacf^,  ocup  a?xumpc€acomT)lun 
na  ca£a,  ocup  po  f^aCc  ca6  im  glocan  a  cele  T)ib.  Ocup 
ni  fio  lia  lempa  rpo^rbeim  1  caill  Txwnaifi,  ocup  .un. 
caCa  ica  repcao  înna  ufiopcbeim  1  cenxKnb,  ocup  1 


1  CfuMm.  Pell,  KL  a  akin,  Le.  a 
earpet,  rog,  or  cnshion  made  of  for,  or 
•kin. 

^From  whom,  The  clanţe  withm 
bracketa  ocean  in  both  MSS.,  bat  ii 
inconaistent  with  the  early  date  of  thia 


work;  it  ia  eridentty  the  inteipolatiMi 
of  aome  tranacriber. 

•iVayen.  lit,  Orate^s:  meaninţ 
probabljr  litaniee,  or  prayen  cootbt- 
ing  of  >  the  wordt  ora,  or,  orala  pro 
nobii. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDUIL  WTTH  THE  OAILL.  197 

of  Murchadh  at  that  time  was  inlaid  with  ornament,  and 
the  inlajâng  that  was  in  it  melted  with  the  excessive  heat 
of  the  striking,  and  the  buming  sword  defb  his  hand,  tear-     ' 
ing  the  fork  of  his  fist.    He  perceived  that,  and  cast  the 
sword  from  him,  and  he  laid  hold  of  the  top  of  the 
foreigner's  head,  and  pulled  his  ooat  of  nudl  over  his  head 
forward,  and  they  then  fought  a  wrestling  combat.    Then 
Murchadh  put  the  foreigner  down  under  him,  by  ihe 
force  of  wrestling,  and  then  he  caught  the  foreigner's  own 
sword  and  thrust  it  into  the  ribs  of  the  foreigner's  breast, 
imtil  it  reached  the  ground  through  him,  three  timea 
The  foreigner  then  drew  his  knife,  and  with  it  gave  Mur-  Both 
chadh  such  a  cut,  that  the  whole  of  his  entrails  were  cut  ^^^ 
out,  and  thej  fell  to  the  ground  before  him.    Then  did 
shiverings  and  faintings  descend  on  Murchadh,  and  he 
faad  not  power  to  move,  so  that  they  fell  by  each  other 
ihere,  the  foreigner  and  Murchadh.    But  at  the  same  time  Eiric  be- 
Murchadh  cut  oflF*  the  foreimer's  head.    And  Murchadh  ^^*^^ 
did  not  die  that  night,  nor  until  sunrise  the  next  day;i|ye8toth6 
until  he  had  received  absolution,  and  communion,  andţ>^^^g 
penanoe,  and  until  he  had  taken  the  Body  of  Chiist,  and 
until  he  had  made  his  oonfession  and  his  wilL 

CXIII.  Let  us  speak  now  of  the  adventures  of  Brian,  Theadren- 
8on  of  Cenneidigh,  during this time.    When the forces  met BriSL^kiiur 
in  combat,  his  cushion^  was  spreadunder  him,  and  he  opened  of  lieUnd. 
his  psalter ;  and  he  began  to  clasp  his  hands  and  to  pray  He  kneels 
after  the  battle  had  commenced ;  and  there  was  no  one  ^^^*5j, 
with  him  but  his  own  attendant,  whose  name  was  Latean  senrant  to 
[from  whom*  are  the  O'Lateans,  still  in  Mumhain].  Brian  J^^^*'** 
said  to  the  attendant,  watch  thou  the  battles  and  the  com- 
bats,  whilst  I  sing  the  psalms.    He  sang  fifty  psalms,  and  g^  i^. 
fifty  prayerS)'  and  fifty  patemosters»  and  he  asked  the  quirwof 
attendant  after  that  what  the  condition  of  the  battalions  ^he  pm^ 
wa&    The  attendant  answered  and  said,   ''Mixed  and  ip^«»  of  tbt 
dosely  confounded  are  the  battalions,  and  each  of  them  ^ 
has  come  within  the  grasp  of  the  other ;  and  not  louder  in 
my  ears  would  be  the  echoes  of  blows  from  Tomar's  Wood, 
îf  seven  battalions  were  cuttiug  it  down,  than  are  the  re- 


198  cosccDti  ţoce-otiel  ae  satLccibti. 

cnonioib,  ocuf  i  ceiromulloisib  ecopîW).  Ocuf  fio  lofiţccis 
cînnar  bi  mepsi  TnupcaiT),  ocuf  afbefir;  in  gilla,  ica  na 
l^effum,  ocuf  mofian  tk)  meţigeDaib  T)al  Caif  iimi,  ocuţ* 
ini'oa  cern)  ca  7)ib|iU5UT>  cuci,  ocuf  ila£  cofcaip,  octip 
comaiDmi  leif  vo  cennaib  na  njalL  1f  moifi  in  fceL 
fin,  om,  a|i  bpian. 

Ro  hocoifise  a  pell  paei,  ocuf  ţio  gab  na  fcnlm, 
ociif  na  hofiran,  ociif  na  părţii  pon  cop  cecna,  octiţ* 
po  lappaig  "oon  pila  cînnap  bocap  na  ca£a,  ocup  po 
pecaip  in  gilla,  ocup  acbepr;: — Wi  puii  beo  apralum 
nec  7)0  bepao  aifini  ap  nec  pec  a  cele  wb.  Daig 
iT;pocaip  popula  in  caca  cefcap-oa,  ocup  înnoc  ip  beb  po 
linaic  T)o  bpaenjail  na  pola  popucinnaiDi  ecep  cenî>» 
ocup  copp,  ocup  ea  UT)  înnap  nafi  obpe'o  a  aixxip  aicni  op 
a  mac  uap  ne£  Dib,  ocup  bacap  mepc  ap  mepc.  bi  ica 
lappaigiT)  cînnap  bai  mepgi  Hlup^aiu  CCpbepcin  gilla 
pi  baca  ua*a  e ;  ocup  po  pocc  cpep  na  ccrcaib  pap, 
ocup  bai  ina  heppum  pop.  CCpbepc  bpian  ip  niai€  becic 
pip  epenT),  appe,  cen  biap  in  niepgi  pin  na  heppum,  tkxis 
biaiT)  a  mepnefi  pein,  ocup  a  nensnum  in  jafi  T)uni  Dib 
1  cen  icicepoc  in  nriepţi  pin. 

Ro  hocipsex)  a  pell  po  bpian,  ocup  po  jab  .L  palm, 
ocup  .L  opîan,  ocup  .1.  pacep,  ocup  po  bap  icun  imuaUro 
pop  pipin.  Ro  lappaig  lappin,  "Don  jilla  cînnap  bocap 
na  cafea.  OCpbepc  in  pila.  1p  amail  pin  amail  po  bi 
coill  'Comaip  ap  lopcaD  a  minbaig,  ocup  a  hoc  cpunx), 
ocup  na  pecc  cafea  coecaip  ap  mip  ica  s^ppoT),  [ocup  a 
pailje  po  ih6pa,  ocup  a  •oaipge  '5ioif)opa  ina  peppaiîi- 
1p  arîilai'5  pin  acdi)  na  cafea  ceiferxxp'Ba  ap  ccuicim  a 
ppoplSa  uile,  a£c  uafea^  "oa  TxpăinpeipaiB,  ocup  tmi 
ccpeinrfiilea^aiC  na  pepparfi.  1p  aifilai'b  caxro  na  cafea 
cefcap'oa  p6p  ap  na  ccolla*,  ocup  ap  na  ccpea^Doft, 
ocup  op  na  pccaoileT),  ocup  acar)  50  hanop'Daigfee 
imaccuaipc,  ocup  bleich  muilinn  ruaifepil  oppa,  ocuţ» 

*  From  htm,  i.e.  from  Marchadh.  Ţecc  ceata  ocncci^ip  of,  mip  a^ 

«  Undenpood,     Here  the  MS.  D.  contefh,  ocup  a  T^ail^  \vo  fh6pa, 

endi  impeifectly.    The  concluaioii  ha»  yc.,  as  in  the  text. 

been  sopplied  from  B.  «  Wrong  way.    LiL,**  tuiung  north- 

^A  moH^      B.  xeadA,  ocup  na  wards,"  or  to  the  left-hand. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.    199 

sounding  blows  upon  heads,  and  bones,  and  skulls,  on  both 
sides."  Then  he  asked  what  was  the  condition  of  Mur- 
chadh's  standard ;  and  the  attendant  said — '*  It  is  standing, 
and  many  of  the  banners  of  the  Dai  Cais  are  around  it ; 
and  many  heads  are  falling  around  it,  and  a  multitude  of 
trophies,  and  spoils,  with  heads  of  the  foreigners  are  along 
with  it."    That  is  good  news,  indeed,  said  Brian. 

His  cushion  was  readjusted  under  him,  and  he  sang  the 
psakns,  and  the  prayers,  and  the  paters,  in  the  same  man- 
ner  as  before.  And  he  asked  of  the  attendant,  again,  what 
the  condition  of  the  battalions  was ;  and  the  attendant 
answered  and  said — "There  is  not  living  on  earth  one 
who  could  distinguish  one  of  them  from  the  other.  For, 
the  greater  part  of  the  hosts  at  either  side  are  fallen,  and 
those  who  are  alive  are  so  covered  with  spatterings  of  the 
crimson  blood,  head,  body,  and  vestnre,  that  afather  could 
not  know  his  son  from  any  other  of  them,  so  confounded 
are  they."  He  then  asked  what  was  the  condition  of 
Murchadh's  standard.  The  attendant  said  that  it  was  far 
from  him/  and  that  it  passed  through  the  battalions,  west- 
wards,  and  was  still  standing.  Brian  said,  **  The  men  of 
Erinn  shall  be  well  while  that  standard  remains  stand- 
ing, because  their  courage  and  valour  shall  remain  in  them 
all,  as  long  as  they  can  see  that  standard." 

His  cushion  was  readjusted  under  Brian,  and  he  sang 
fifty  psahns,  and  fifty  prayers,  and  fifty  paters ;  and  the 
fighting  continued  all  that  time.  He  asked  then  of  the« 
attendant,  in  what  state  were  the  forces  ?  The  attendant 
answered — "  They  appear  to  me  the  same  as  if  Tomar's 
Wood  was  on  fire,  and  the  seven  battalions  had  been 
cutting  away  its  underwood*  [and  it«  young  shoots,  for 
a  month,'  leaving  its  stately  trees  and  its  immense  oaks 
standing.  In  such  manner  are  the  armies  on  either  side, 
afber  the  greater  part  of  them  have  fellen,  leaving  a  few 
brave  men  and  gallant  heroes  only  standing.  Their 
further  condition  is,  they  are  wounded,  and  pierced 
through,  and  (J^membered ;  and  they  are  disorganized  all 
round  like  the  grindings  of  a  mill  tuming  the  wrong 
way,^  and  the  foreigners  are  now  defeated,  and  Murchadh's 


200  coscroti  scce-otiel  ne  scclLccibti 

^n'8      fiomui'fe  anofa  aji  na  sallcciC,  ocup  î)o  ^uic  meifiţe 
Uononthe  Tl^uficha'5.    'CfiUd^  an  fccel  fin,  aţi  bţiian  ;  va\i  mo 
Miâadh.  ^^î^^'^î^  apr®>  "oo  zmx:  eineac,  ocuf  engnani  ejienn  an 
can  "00  tmv  an  meiţxge  fin,  ocuf  "oo  €tiii;  epe  "oe  50 
p'f,  octif  noca  mcpa  rapaeif  co  bţidC  aon  laoc  a  lonn- 
farfiail  na  cofmaileif  an  laoic  fin.  Ocof  ca  bu'B  peifiT)e 
•oaififa  ci'5  af  fo  -do  'Beacainn,  ocuf  s^ma^  6  ficche 
an  'DOîhain  vo  gebainn  T^aţi  eif  îTluţichaB,  ocuf  Conainj, 
ocuf  maiie  T)al  cCaif  aţi  cena.    OCleb  aţi  an  ^olta,  va 
nT)ei|inT;a  oţi mfa  "00  fa|€a  aţi  €each,  ocuf  "oo  ţiachmaoif 
•oon  lonspoţir,  ocuf  "oo  beimif  iriţi  na  51U1B,  octif  jac 
aon  Tncfaf  af  fo  af  cuccainn  6iucpaf.  Ocuf  ap  umamn 
larypaiT)  uile,  'ooigh  acdi-o  na  ca€a  mefcc  aţi  tnefcc  aţi 
na  mbtiai'ftţieaB,  ocuf  Dna  "oo  6ini§eT>aţ\  'Dţieam  vo  ncp 
gallail!)  reiche-B  ifin  ffaiţiţige,  ocuf  nî  feiT)aniaţi  cia 
ncpa  cuccainn  arfiail  acdm.    CC  -Oia  a  «oig,  aţi  Oţiian, 
nî  maiţ^  an  reicheD,  ocuf  fo  peiTxaţifa  pein  nac  ţiac 
af  fo  be6,  ocuf  ga  raţiBa  "oani  ge  vo  •Beachamn,  «aiţi 
t;dinicc  CCiBell  Cţiaicce  Lei€e  cuccam   aţictiţi,  aţi  fe, 
ocuf  ţio  înnif  'oarfi  50  muiţipi'Be  me  aniii,  ocuf  oroiibaiţiu 
ţiiom  an  cev  mac  'oom  cloinn  'oo  chipnn  aniii  ţomo^  e 
•00  geBa'B  ţiige  r;aţi  ni6if,  ocuf  bî'5  6  TDonncha'B  eifein; 
ocuf  im^ig  a  LaiDeain,  aţi  fe,  ocuf  beiţi  na  heich  fin 
leac,  ocuf  beiţi  mo  Beinnacc,  ocuf  Dena  mo  €iomna 
Brian'fl      caţi  rfieif  .1.  mo  6oţip,  ociif  manmoin  do  *Oia,  ociif  vo 
^"^^         naoifi  pacţiaicc,  ocUf  mo  bţiei€  co  hCCţi'omaca,  ocuf  mo 
*  Ceannao:  t>o  TDonnchoB  aţi  mo  ceinnoin  dic  caţi  meif 
.1.  T>a  pcw  T)ecc  bo,  ocuf  fin  v6  iabaiţit?  vo  fiomoţiba 
pacţiaicc,  ocuf  "OO  muinTnţi  CCţi^amaca,  ocof  a  •Biitiiacc 
pein  vo  Chill  va  Lua,  ocuf  vo  6ellai1!)  TTIuman,  ocuf 
ţio  piDiţifein  gan  lonnmctf  acccnmţ^  v6\i,  no  T>aiţiccei7 
a&:  eifium  va  Ic  caţi  ceinn  mo  Beinnafcan,  ocuf  mo 
forfiaţibaif .    Imri^  anocc  co  8oţiT),  ocuf  abaiţi  piu  zof:c 
amapaC  mo6  rpdc  in  acchai-ft  mo  ccuippfi,  ocuf  a 


1  AibhtlL  Moţe  coirectly  Ăibhitm, 
B8  in  the  annals  of  Loch  Ce,  or  Kilro- 
jum.  This  waa  the  family  spirit,  or 
iniardian  batmthee^  of  the  royâl  hoiue 
of  Munster,  according  to  a  well-known 


«QpenUtiofi  of  the  Celtic  tribes  of  Irs- 
Und  and  Scoţian^ 

*  Succeedmg  me.  THo  dorhafibaif . 
Lit,  ^^mj  comharbiu,**  or  heinhip^ 
The    wacd    ccmar^ay  which    usnallf 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  201 

standard  bas  fallen."    "  That  is  sad  news,"  said  Brian ;  Brian'a 
"  on  my  word,"  said  he,  "  the  honour  and  valour  of  ^^^^^^ 
Erinn  fell  when  that  standard  fell ;  and  Erinn  has  fallen  faii  of 
now,  indeed ;  and  never  shall  tbere  appear  henceforth  a 
champion  oomparable  to  or  like  to  tbat  cbampion.    And 
what  avails  it  me  to  snrvive  tbis,  or  tbat  I  sbonld  obtain  A 
ibe  sovereignty  of  tbe  world,  afber  tbe  fEtll  of  Murcbadb, 
and  Conaîng,  and  tbe  otber  nobles  of  tbe  Dăl  Cais,  in  like 
manner."     "Woe  is  me,"  said  tbe  attendant,  "if  tbou 
wouldst  take  my  advice,  tbou  wouldst  mount  tby  borse, 
and  we  would  go  to  tbe  câmp,  and  remain  tbere  amongst 
tbe  servants ;  and  every  one  wbo  escapes  tbis  battle  wiU 
come  unto  us,  and  around  us  will  tbey  all  rally.    Besides, 
tbe  battalions  are  now  mixed  togetber  in  confusion ;  and 
a  party  of  tbe  foreigners  bave  rejected  tbe  idea  of  retreat- 
ing  to  tbe  sea ;  and  we  know  not  wbo  may  approacb  us 
wbere  we  now  are."    "  Ob  God !  tbou  boy,"  said  Brian, 
"  retreat  becomes  us  not,  and  I  myself  know  tbat  I  sball 
not  leave  tbis  place  alive ;  and  wbat  would  it  profit  me 
if  I  did.     For,  Aibbell,'  of  Craig  Idatb,  came  to  me  last 
nigbt,"  said  be,  '*  and  sbe  told  me  tbat  I  sbould  be  killed 
tbis  day ;  and  sbe  said  to  me  tbat  tbe  first  of  my  sons  I 
sbould  see  tbis  day  would  be  be  wbo  sbould  succeed  me 
in  tbe  sovereignty ;  and  tbat  is  Donncbadb ;  and  go  tbou, 
Laidean,"  said  be,  "  and  take  tbese  steeds  witb  tbee,  and 
reoeive  my  blessing ;  and  carry  out  my  will  after  me,  vîz.,  Brias't 
my  body  and  my  soul  to  God'  and  to  Saint  Patrick,  and  ^^ 
that  I  am  to  be  carried  to  Ard-macha ;  and  my  blessing 
to  Donncbadb,  for  discharging  my  last  bequests  after  me, 
viz.,  twelve  score  cows  to  be  given  to  tbe  Combarba  of 
Patrick,  and  tbe  Society  of  Ard-macha ;  and  its  own  pro- 
per  dues  to  Cili  da  Lua,  and  the  cburches  of  Mumbain ; 
and  be  knows  tbat  I  bave  not  wealtb  of  gold  or  silver,  but 
he  is  to  pay  tbem  in  retum  for  my  blessing,  and  for  bis 
suoceeding  me.*    Go  tbis  night  to  Sord,  and  deşire  tbem 

means  an  etislesiastical  racoenor,  had  |  rignifled  aii  hdr  or  inheritor  of  land  or 
narer  that  meaniiig  exolusîTely,  but  I  office,  whether  civil  or  ecclesiaitlcaL 


202 


coBCTOti  Bcce'otiel  ae  BccLlccibti. 


Panegyiio 
on  Brum. 


lonlaca-B  ucccaiBfeiTi  co  T)atîiliacc  Cmnoin,  octif  noiiT>- 
laiceit;  fin  me  50  tugiîias,  ocuf  dccei'5  niaotrfiui|ie 
mac  eocha'5a  coîftayiba  pocpaic,  ocuf  muinuijx  CCjivor 
maca  im  ai^i-B  50  tu^Accg. 

CXIV.  CCn  zar\  boctxayi  poyifan  ccoAţid-B  fin  occonaific 
an  gioLLa  bui'5ein  "Dona  galLaiB  cuca.  Ife  tk)  bî  ann 
fin  bfio-oaifi  layiLa,  ocuf  T)iaf  6ccLac  amaille  ff^tff- 
*Oaoine  cuccainn  annfo  Cayi  an  gioLla.  Cionaf  TKioine 
laT)  ale,  afi  bjiian.  *Oaeine  ^lafa  lomnocca,  aţi  in 
Stolla.  'Cyiuag  fin,  aji  byiian,  501LL  na  lui|ieac  fin,  ocuf 
ni  DO  'oenarfi  •00  leiffafa  ^eijaic  CCf  cuma  ţio  bai 
aga  ţia5a,  ocuf  fo  eijiig,  ocuf  jiucc  coifceim  TX)n  ^11 
amac,  ocuf  t)o  nocr  a cloi'5etfi.  "Ceiuc  bfioDajx  fea£a,  ocuf 
ni  ztic  va  ui'oh  6.  CCf  beţie  an  rţieaf  peaţi  bai  ina  ţxiiiiurB, 
ocuf  fo6  6ccLac  vo  byiian  fein  e,  Cing,  cinţ,  aji  fe,  af 
e  fo  an  fî.  N6,  n6,  ace  pfîfc,  pţiîfc,  ajfi  bpoDaf,  ni 
hea-S,  ajfi  fe,  ace  f agcqfie  uafaL  CCc  1*0111,  ajfi  ane  âglac,  an 
ţiî  m6f  bfian,  aea  an-o.  fU)  impo  bfopajfi  ajfi  fin,  ocuf 
if  aTftlai'5  fo  bai,  ocuf  eua^eai'&leach  eaieneiiftafi  qiof- 
ednac  ina  laim,  ocuf  lonnfma  na  fameaigee  ina  me^n. 
Oe  connaipc  bfiian  6,  fo  bai  aga  pegcrfi,  ocuf  tnicc  beim 
€101*51  rfi  7)6  EUfi  eeifc  an  cof  cL6  he  aga  gUin,  ocuf 
an  £of  "oeif  aga  Cfaigi'5.  T)o  befc  an  gali  buille  -00 
bjiian  guf  "oluigh  an  cenv  co  leif,  ocuf  po  maţiB  bfian 
an  "oafui  feţi  bon  ipfaiyurB  bpo'oaip,  ocuf  fo  euieseeap 
an  T)iaf  fin  comiuieim- 

CXV.  Nocha  'oeyincrfi  layi  ccfieiijeiift  in  ©finn  a& 
oiplec  chinn  Cofibmaic  mic  Cuilennam,  aongnioifi  bu^  m6 
ina  fin.  Rob  e  fin,  layiaift,  an  eţieaf  gem  af  peţiţi  |iuga$ 
an  eiiinn  fiarfi,  ocuf  an  epeaf  peţi  focaiţi  6fi6nn  .1. 
tug  LampaDa,  ocuf  pon-o  mac  Cuifiaill,  ocuf  bţiion 
mac  Ceinn6ieeig.  *06ig  if©  po  puaflaic  pip  eperni, 
ocup  a  mnd  6  Tnieipe,  ocup  6  T)o£ap  gali  ocup  allifiapaf. 


i  Tkree.  This  seemB  to  indvde  Bro- 
dar,  who,  with  his  two  f ollow-era,  made 
three.  One  of  them  had  been  in 
Brian*8  aerviee,  and  called  out  in  the 
language  ol  the  Nonemen,  **  Cing, 


Cing**— i.e.,  king;  for  tbe  Jriah  C  if 
always  prononnced  as  the  hard  K. 
Brodar*8  answer,  "No,  no, — ^prUt,piH* 
Le.  priest,  is  «lao  an  attempi  to  nfn" 
•ent  the  langoage  of  the  "  lorcjgnapt." 


WABS  OF  THE  OAKDHIL  WITH  THE  QjLILL. 


203 


to  come  to-morrow,  early,  for  my  body,  and  to  convey 
it  from  thence  to  Damhliag,  of  Cianan ;  and  then  let  them 
cairy  it  to  Lugbmhagh ;  and  let  Maelmuire  Mac  Eochadha, 
the  Comharba  of  Patrick,  and  the  Sodety  of  Ard-macha 
oome  to  meet  me  at  Lughmhagb." 

CXI  V.  While  they  were  engaged  in  thia  conversation  the 
attendant  peroeived  a  party  of  the  foreigners  approach- 
ing  them.  The  Earl  Brodar  was  there,  and  two  warriors 
aJong  with  him.  "  There  are  people  coming  towards  us 
bere,**  said  the  attendant.  ''  Woe  is  me,  what  manner  of 
people  are  they?"  said  Brian.  ''A  blue  stark  naked 
people/'  said  the  attendant.  '*  Alas ! "  said  Brian,  "  they 
are  the  foreigners  of  the  armour,  and  it  is  not  to  do  good 
to  thee  they  come."  While  he  was  saying  this,  he  arose 
and  stepped  off  the  cushion,  and  imsheathed  bis  sword. 
Brodar  passed  him  by  and  noticed  him  not.  One  of  the 
three^  who  were  there^  and  who  bad  been  in  Brian's  service, 
said — "  Cing,  Cing,"  said  he,  "  this  is  the  king."  "  No,  no, 
but  Priest,  Priest,"  said  Brodar,  "it  is  not  he,"  says  he,  "but 
a  noble  priest."  "  By  no  means,"  said  the  soldier,  "  that 
is  the  great  king,  Brian."  Brodar  then  tumed  round,  and 
appeared  with  a  bright,  gleaming,  trusty  battle>axe  in  bis 
bând,  with  the  handle  set  in  the  middle^  of  it.  When  Brian 
saw  him  he  gazed  at  him,  and  gave  him  a  stroke  with  bis 
sword,  and  cut  off  bis  left  leg  at  the  knee,  and  bis  right  leg 
at  the  foot.  The  foreigner  dealt  Brian  a  stroke  whicb  deft 
bis  bead  utterly ;  and  Brian  killed  the  second  man  that  was 
with  Brodar,  and  they  fell  both  mutually  by  each  otber. 

CXV.  There  was  not  done  in  Erinn,  since  Cbristianity,  Panegyric 
excepting  the  beheading.  of  Cormac  Mac  Cuilennain,  ^^  ®"*°- 
any  greater  deed  tban  this.  In  fact  he  was  one  of 
the  tbree  best  that  ever  were  bom  in  Erinn;  and  one 
of  the  tbree  men  who  most  caused  Erinn  to  prosper, 
namely,  Lugb  Lamba-fada,  and  Finn  Mac  Cumhaill,  and 
Brian  Mac  CeinneidigL  For  it  was  he  that  released  the 
men  of  Erinn,  and  its  women,  from  the  bondage  and 


*  TJU  wdddb,    TIm  meaning  wems 
Io  be  that  the  axe  was  a  doiihle  one, 


the  handle  being  fized  in  the  niddla 
betwevn  the  bUdes. 


204 


coţcroti  ţae'otiel  ae  sccUcnbti. 


1f  6  yio  bpif  ctiicc  ca€a  pcez  poţi  gatlait),  octiţ*  fvof 
mayiB,  ocuf  pof  m-Bajib  atnail  po  pai'Ofemccfi  poihcnnn. 
Compared  Rob  efin  an  rOcrauin  aoBt)a  ilbucrfeafi  imfocap,  ocuf 
c»^^^  iTnfaop'feacr  a  (rfayiyi'oa  ocuf  a  ^neoil,  fiob  6  an  cCClax- 
toAicxan-  «î^'^cci^  railc,  ralcaip  ranaifce  aţi  rţieoifi,  ocuf  aţi 
der;  oifibeţir,  ocuf  aţi  iTnifaighi*  aţi  farhaiB,  ocuf  oji  cofcc- 

toSoiomonî  ţiaiB,  ocuf  ţiob  6  an  Solarfi  fona,  fcn-oBiţi,  ŢnoDomoiU 
to  David;   na  n^aoi'oel,  ţiob  e  an  T)aiiit;  "oil  'oiocţui  T)ei^einnfinac 
•oeil  gnîomac  na  hGţienn  aţi  piţimne,  ocuf  aji  mnţuicaf, 
to  Moses.    ocuf  aţi  coiiîieirc  plaireiiftnaf .  Rob  6  an  TTlaoiŢ*i  tndţvBa 

minerqfiocr;  aţi  cun'ola,  ocuf  aţi  cai^e  cţiaibn^e. 

Brian'a  age     CXVI.  CiT)  rţia  acc  TX)ţicaţi  an  ţii  oiţiDoaţic  itbu<rDha£ 

oThiare^  fin  ţie  gallaiB  ifin  oconaD  blicrfiam  ocrniogoc  a  aip, 

ocuf  ifin  ocrmac  blia^am  vft\cac  a  pLarauţxi  a  THuifiain, 

ocuf  ifin  'oaţia  bliaDam  "oei^  ina  aiţiT)ţiicche  «a  hepenn. 

Prophecîes  C\^  rţia  acc  ţio  ruir  eţie  -Don  bdf  fin  bţitain,  ocuf  can- 

of  the  f aU  n      « «  t» 

oiiraiand.  scrooţ^  î^ct  nţicanra,  ocuf  ţio  coTnaillix:  na  pcni^inew 
T)6ţienn  vo  păiţi  na  naemh,  ocuf  na  ppiji^n,  aifiotl 
af  beţie  beţichan — 

*Oo  paot  an  rfaoi  ifin  ţ)a<>i 

bonn  fţii  bonn. 

goiH  if  ţaoitil  mtilc  r>e; 

01*6  fOftT>eţicc  a  ccomţiaicce. 
Oi'D  olc  biaf  6fte  î)e, 

Onft  ţx)ţiT)eţi5  a  ccomţiaicre; 

O  fin  co  laite  an  bţiata, 

nieifa  ţaca  haenrţiata. 
Hi  bia  ceH  na  cocfraiţv  001*6, 

Hi  bia  "Diinad  na  ţifţţi6it, 

pfotţlaf  na  mag  na  moiteif , 

^on  'Dul  mie  a  nonţloiteif. 

Bffecta  of       Ro  fceinT)  'oa  rqfiian  eini^  ociif  enpioma  o  laofoiC 
SIma!'      ^^  heţienn  te  cloifcecx:  an  fceoilfin.    Ro  ţx;ein*o  va 


1  Oetavm,  Meaning,  no  doabt,  An- 
gttstus  Cnsar,  whoM  original  name 
was  Octavianus. 


B  Eîgk^-^hA.  Upon  thia  antho- 
ritgr  the  Fonr  Haiten  record  Brian*! 
birth  at  A.D.  926;  bat  tiw  Ann.  Uit 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL.         205 

iniquity  of  the  foreigners,  and  tbe  pirates.   It  was  he  that 
gained  five-and-twenty  batUes  over  the  foreigners,  and 
i^ho  killed  and  banished  them  as  we  have  already  said. 
He  was  the  beautiful,  ever-victorious  Octavin/  for  the  Compand 
prosperity  and  freedom  of  his  coimtry  and  his  race.     He  ci^JJ*?^"* 
was  the  strong,  irresistible,  second  Alexander,  for  energy,  to  Aiexaa- 
and  for  dignity,  and  for  attaeks,  and  for  battles,  and  for  .^f 
triumphs.    And  he  was  the  happy,  weaithy,  peaoeable 
Solomon  of  the  Gaedhil.     He  was  the  faithful,  fervent,  toSolomon; 
honourable,  gallant  David  of  Erinn,  for  truthfuhiess,  and  to  Darid; 
for  worthiness,  and  for  the  maintainanoe  of  sovereignty. 
He  was  the  magnificent»  brilliant  Moses,  for  chastity,  and  to  Moşea, 
unostentatious  devotion. 

CXVI.  However,  that  illustrious,  all-victorious  king,  fell  Brianta  aga 
by  the  foreigners,  in  the  eighty-eighth*  year  of  his  age,  and  Jj^Ji  wS». 
in  the  thirty-eighth  year  of  his  reign,  in  Mumhain ;  and  in 
his  twelfth  year  in  the  chief  sovereignty  of  Erinn.  In  short, 
Erinn  fell  by  the  death  of  Brian ;  and  the  predictions  Prophed«a 
came  to  pass,  and  the  prophecies  were  fulfilled  to  Erinn,  ^J  îJ^^ 
acoording  to  the  saints  and  the  righteous  ones,  as  Berchan 
said — 

The  noble  and  the  plebeian  fell 

Foot  to  foot. 

The  Gaill  and  the  Gaedhil  wîll  be  the  worse  of  it ; 

Blood-red  shall  be  their  conâicts. 
Evirshall  be  to  Erinn  from  it. 

Blood-red  shall  be  tbeir  conflicts ; 

Thence  to  the  judgment  daj ; 

Worse  shall  tbej  be  everj  daj. 
There  shall  not  be  a  pure  drnrdi  or  cit j ; 

There  shall  not  be  a  fortress  or  rojal  Rath ; 

A  green  wood,  nor  plain,  nor  good, 

Bat  all  shall  degenerate  into  lawlesisness. 

Two-thirds  of  the  dignity  and  valour  of  the  champions  Effecta  of 
of  Erinn  fled  on  hearing  this  news.    Two-thirds  of  the  J^^** 


teii  na  that  he  waa  boni  A.D.  941,  1  waa  alain.    Thia  le  a  v«ry  mnch  mon 
which  wonld  make  him  73  wheo  he     piobable  data. 


206 


cosoroti  scce'otiel  ne  saUxnbti. 


«aemj. 


Txţiian  connla,  ocuf  cpabhcrB  o  cleiţiciB  &penn  TK)fi 
IpceL  fin.  T)o  cuai-o  a  ndiţie,  ocuf  a  n^eiTimnaiţecc 
6  tnnoiB  Oyienn  'oon  fcel  ce-ona,  amail  afbeţix:  beg  mac 
T)e:— 

Oiai-D  bttafv  an  •oomliain  ţon  'd6i|v. 
Waifie  T)eafbai'6  aţ^  6phnaib, 
Oiai-o  gac  rî|i  gem  qfveabhaib  qfieH. 
Wi  ptuge  fvf  enectonn. 

"Do  cuai'6  "oa  TX|iian  laci^a  o  ceiryiaiB  pop  "Don  fcel  fin. 
Tiiechief-  CXVII.  CCcr  oca  n^  cena  rofcfaixiyi  ifin  ccac  fin 
oxi^eside  î^l^S^^  largaile  gali,  ocuf  ^oo^'&eL  layicaiyi  ©ofpa  uile 
of  the  ayi  aon  lcrca1l^  'Cofcaif  ann  bpaoaf  mac  Oifli,  lafta 
Caipi  hObpoc,  ocuf  ropcaiji  .x.c.  "Danaji  'oibeifgac  8ac- 
fanac  ocuf  tochlannaS  aji  aon  yiiufin.  'Coficaif  ann 
8ir|iiuc  mac  LaDaif  laţila  In'Ofi  hOpc.  'Coficaiji  ann 
.axr.c.  "00  gallaiB  CCza  CLioc,  im  "DuB^alL  mac  CCmtaiB, 
ocuf  im  5^lLa  Ciajiain  mac  ^uimaţiann,  ocuf  im  "Ocn- 
cha^  Ha  nGf  uilB,  ocuf  im  CCmlaiB  mac  Lagmain,  ocof 
im  e^finail  Scou. 

Tx)jicf(nxaji  ann  T)na  Oiuiyi  "duB,  ocuf  Sî^ifin,  ocuf 
tuiminin,  ocuf  Siojfa^,  ceirţie  bufţicrfia  gali,  octif 
cei£fe  caips  loingfi  ;  'Coficaiji  ann  'ona  Capluf,  ocuf 
CiaţiLuf  "oa  mac  |ii5  Loclann,  ocuf  ^oifciLin  '^aXX,  ocuf 
CCmonT)  macT)uibpnn,  "oa  f  15  puijix:  Laiţicce;ocur  Simon-o 
mac  'Cuifgeif,  ocuf  8epîiai'5  mac  8uinin,  ocuf  bejinafit) 
mac  8uainin,  ocuf  6on  bajiun,  ocuf  HicajiT),  'oa  ihac 
na  hlnjene  Ruai-Se,  ocuf  Oifill,  ocuf  Rognalt,  "oa 
ifteic  Irftaif  ua  Irfiaif.  Roba*  •0UT:ha*  vo  bpian  a 
TXUiT^im  fin  leif,  oiţi  if  le  THafiJaiftain,  ocuf  le  bpian 
T)0  mapba*  uile  a  nai€f  ef a  05  cof narfi  appeif  ainn  'OUwnS 
ppiu. 

Nî  €ainic  mac  OCmlaiB  pein  .1.  fi  OCca  Clicrc  ifin  ca6 
an  la  fin,  ocuf  ife  fin  po  "oefa  gan  a  lîiayi ba*,  uoip  ni 


i  TribuU.  Oneclonn,  "  honor- 
priee,**  the  tax  paid  to  a  dueftain  for 
hia  protectloa. 


>  GrUm.     We  ought,  perhapi,  to 
read  Gr\fin. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


207 


purity  and  devotion  of  the  clerics  of  Erinn  vanished  at 
that  news.  Their  modesty  and  chastity  departed  firom  the 
women  of  Erinn  at  the  same  news,  as  Bec  Mac  De  said : 

The  C0W8  of  the  world  shall  he  without  the  hiiU, 
Modestj  Ahall  he  wanting  to  young  women ; 
Every  territorj  shall  he  without  mansions,  for  a  time. 
No  kitig  shall  receîve  his  trihut^^ 

Two-thirds  of  their  milk  also  departed  from  quadmpeds 
at  that  news. 

CXVII.  Moreover,  there  were  killed  in  that  battle  The  chief- 
together  the  greater  part  of  the  men  of  valour  of  the  Jjj"^^  ^^^ 
Gaill  and  the  Gaedhil,  of  all  the  west  of  Europe.    There  <rf  the 
was  killed  there,  Brodar,  son  of  Osii,  Earl  of  Caer  Ebroc,  ^^^^' 
and  along  with  him  were  killed  a  thousand  plundering 
Danars,  both  Saxons  and  Lochlanns.     There  was  killed 
there  Sitriuc,  the  son  of  Ladar,  Earl  of  Innsi  Orc.    There 
were  killed  there  two  thousand  of  the  foreigners  of  Ath 
Cliath,  with  Dubhghall,  son  of  Âmhlaibh,  and  with  Qilla 
Ciarain,   son  of  Gluniarann,   and  with   Donnchadh    O' 
hEruilbh,  and  with  Âmhlaibh,  son  of  Laghman,  and  with 

Emal  Scot. 

There  were  killed  there,  too,  Oitir  the  black,  and  Grisin,* 
and  Luiminin.  and  Siogradh.  the  four  leaders  of  the 
foreigners,  and  the  four  commanders  of  fleets.  There  feU 
there,  too,  Carlus,  and  Ciarlus,  the  two  sons  of  the  king  of 
Lochlainn,  and  Goistilin  Gali,  and  Amond,  son  of  Duibh- 
ghin,  the  two  kings  of  Port  Lairge,  and  Simond,  son  of 
Turgeis,  and  Sefraid,  son  of  Suinin,  and  Bemard,  son  of 
Suainin ;  and  Eoin,  the  Baron,  and  Rickard,  the  two  sons 
of  the  Inghen  Buaidh ;  and  Oisill,  and  Raghnall,  the  two 
sons  of  Imhar,  grandson  Of  Imhar.'  It  was  the  natural 
right  of  Brian  that  these  should  fall  with  him,  for  it  was 
by  Madigamhain,  and  by  Brian,  in  defence  of  their  country 
and  inheritance,  that  all  the  fathers  of  these  were  slain. 

The  son  of  Âmhlaibh  himself,  king  of  Ath  Cliath,  went 
not  into  the  battle  on  that  day,  and  that  was  the  reason 


*  Grtmdsen  of  Imhar,    Perhaptf  we 
Bhould  read  bere  "oa  meic  Ifliaifi  m 


1  ffioifi,  '*  two  soiifl  of  Imhar,  grandsoiu 
of  Imhar.'» 


mac  'CuccCail  ţiî  tipe,  a)niT)h  "oe  pob<r5  maţiB,  ocuţ* .: 
t)o  Lai^neacoiG  amaille  pjfiiu,  ocuf  en  .c  T)ecc  'oîţl  Ce 


208  coţcroti  Bae-otieL  ne  Ballccibti. 

^eachaift  gali  Tnaînech  ap  beo  "oa  rcaintc  ann  ;  octif  ţu) 
ţiogcai  aţi  CCth  CLiac  p6f  an  la  fin  muna  bei€  mac 
Th«  iriah  CCrfiLaiB,  ocuf  an  lucc  bai  maille  pp-tf-  T!x)ţicai|i  ann 
gUin^ir  T)na  maolmopfta  mac  ÎTlupcha^a,  pi  laigen,  ocup  bpo- 
theDaniih  gapban  mac  ConcoBap,  pi  Ua  pailge,  ocup  *Ooîîinatt  mac 
"**^  PeipgaiL  pi  popi^uac  taigen ;  ocup  po  loirei*  T)unlain5 

.XX.C 

Ceinn- 

TotAiio«  pelai|.  CCcc  aon  n<,  pe  .c.  ocup  T;pi  picic  .c  eapbai* 
enemy.       ocn  'oapa  lei^e  «Don  cac  mappin. 

Thechîef-  CXVIIL  'Copcaip  ann  t)on  tei€  ele  t)on  cafc  Oţitcm 
teiM  ţdUed  bopoirfio,  mac  Cînneimg,  meic  topeam,  aipiypi  ©jienn 
•ide.  ocup  CClban,  ocup  8aacan  ocup  bperan,  ocup  lapuaip 

Ooppa,  arfiail  apbepc  an  pili : — 

ba  p,l  ap,  8axaib  na  p^D, 
ni  ac  Ceinneiixiţ  na  txpoim^ăD, 
ba  hoip-oenc  ipin  'Domain  ixwp, 
Imaipcop  bp,iain  hi  pponţcoib. 

'Copcaip  ann  ÎTlupchaD  mac  bpiain,  ocup  'Coiţiţvoel- 
bach  a  tfiac  "Copcaip  ann  Conaing,  mac  *Ouinncuan, 
mic  CemneiTTng,  mac  «oepbpaiap  bpiain,  pig  «anoipce 
TX)€acTxxc  na  hOpenn.  Copcaip  ann  ©ocha  mac  T)una- 
•ohon-b,  ocup  Cut)UiIi§  mac  Ceinneiuci^  ocup  Wiall  O 
Cuinn,  rpi  ciilcoimeiccifee  bpiain,  ocup  popccla  T)al  cCaip 
apaon  piu.  Copcaip  ann  "Dorfinall  mac  Thctpmoca, 
pî  CopcoBaipcin'o,  ocup  TTloCla  mac  paolain,pi  na  nT)etpi, 
ocup  mac  CCnmcha^a,  pî  Ha  tia£ain,  ocup  ^ebennaS 
mac  T)uba5ain,  pi  pepmui^e,  ocup  T)uBt>aboppenn  mac 
T)oiftnaill,  ocup  Loingpec  mac  T)unlain5,  ocup  8ccannlan 
mac  Caiail,  pî  eo§ana£ca  Loca  t6in,  ocup  baoDan  mac 
TYluipcepxxxi^  pi  Ciappai^e  tuacpa,  ocup  TYlaolpuanai'5 
Ua  hei-bin,  pi  OCibne,  ocup  Ca^s  Ua  Ceallai^  fii  Ua 


iNiaU  aCmtm,  or  0*Qtiin.  See 
Geneal.  Table  in  0*Donoviui'8  BatUe 
qfMoffh  Bath,  p.  841. 

*  R&tr-guardâ.   Coimte,  Ann.  VlL  ; 


tham^  and  a  later  hand  haa  written 
orer  the  word  "Ttl  UaiduM."  Bat 
both  are  wrong.  The  tnie  nadiag 
ia    ''king  of    Ua  Liatham,"*  whkh 


coeiihti^  /bir  M<uL,  *''  oompanions.**     haa  acoordingly  been  adopted  in  tha 
•  Ua  LUUkam.   The  MS.  reade  Ua-     text. 


^yABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILI^         209 

whj  he  was  not  killed,  for  no  foreigner  of  any  rank  ap- 

peared  in  it  who  lefi  it  alive;  and  Ath  Cliath  wouM 

have  been  attacked  on  that  day  also,  were  it  not  for  the 

8on  of  Amhlaibh  and  the  party  he  had  with  him.     There 

fell  there  also  Maelmordha,  son  of  Murchadh,  king  ofTheirbh 

Laighin,  and  Brogarban,  son  of  Conchobhar,  king  of  Ui-  ^„^n*" 

Failghe  and  Domhnall,  son  of  Ferglial,  king  of  Fortuaith  the  Duuah 

Laighen ;  and  Dunlaing,  son  of  Tuathal,  king  of  Lif^,  ^^ 

received  a  wound  of  which  he  died,  and  two  thousand  of 

the  Lagenians  along  with  them,  and  eleven  hundred  of 

the  ITi-Ceinnselaigh.     In  a  word,  six  hundred  and  three  Total  Iom 

score  hundreds  was  the  total  loss  of  the  enemy's  side  in  ^^ţ. 

this  battle. 

CXVIII.  On  the  other  side  of  the  battle  there  fell  Brian  The  chief- 
Boroimhe,  son  of  Cenneidigh,  son  of  Lorcan,  high  sove-  Jl^Jj^T* 
reign  of  Erinn,  and  Albain^   and  of  the  Saxons,  and  side 
Britons,  and  of  the  west  of  Europe,  as  the  poet  said  : — 

He  was  king  over  the  Sazons,  the  wealthy, 
The  son  of  Cenneidigh  of  the  heavy  hundreds. 
Illustrions  in  the  eastem  world 
Was  the  conduct  of  Brian  among  the  Francs. 

There  fell  there  Murchadh,  son  of  Brian,  and  Toirrdhel- 
bhach,  his  son.  There  fell  there  Conaing,  son  of  Donn- 
chuan,  son  of  Cenneidigh,  the  son  of  Brian's  brother,  the 
wealthiest  royal  heir  of  Erinn.  There  fell  there  Eochaidh, 
son  of  Dunadhach,  and  Cuduiligh,  son  of  Cenneidigh, 
and  Niall  O'Cuinn,'  the  three  rear-guards*  of  Brian,  and 
the  greater  part  of  the  Dai  Cais  along  with  them.  There 
fell  there  Domhnall,  son  of  Diarmaid,  king  of  Corco- 
Bhaisdnn ;  and  Mothla,  son  of  Faelan,  king  of  the  Deşii ; 
and  the  son  of  Anmchaidh,  king  of  I7a  Liathain';  and 
Gebennaeh,  son  of  Dubhagan,  king  of  Fera-Muighe ;  and 
Dubhdabhorrenn,  son  of  Domhnall,  and  Loingsech,  son  of 
Dtmlaing,  and  Scannlan,  son  of  Cathal,  king  of  the 
Eoghanacht  of  Loch  Lein ;  and  Baedan,  son  of  Muir- 
chertach,  king  of  Ciarraighe  Luachra ;  and  Maelruanaidh 
Ua  hEidhin,  king  of  Aidhne ;  and  Tadhg  Ua  Cellaigh, 

P 


210  cosccDti  ^ae-otiel  ne  ţatlcnbli. 

THaine,  ocuf  TDorfinall  mac  Giifiin,  octif  fi  c6r  tocc 

The  amy  '^  rfiairiB  Gţienii  aji  aon  ţiîu.     OCji  tnaţiCa-B  na  maire 

of  MuMter  ^^  ^^Iq  qj^  jq^^^  lech,  ocuf  aţi  tnai-Bm  poţi  ^allaiS 

the  Green  ţio  €ioTnfai^eDa|i  pji  THurfian  uile  50  haoin  lonaT);  ocup 

of  Dublin.  ^  gaba^  fofa^,  ocup  lonspoţir:  leo  aţi  pai€ce  CCfa 

ClioE,  ocup  ţu)  bai  cac  t)Îo15  ace  iappa6  a  caţurc,  ocup 

a  coiBnepca,  ocup  po  BoDan  vă  Id  co  na  noi-BciB  ace 

pupnai'Se  T)onnchai-5  mic  Opiain ;  ocup  vo  piacrpi*e 

cona  cpeich  moip  teip  im  eaţ^Kiprain  oi^bce  "oomnaig 

caţ^c,  "Dois  ap  "oia  haoine  cdpcca  ţio  cuiţiea^  an  cor, 

.1.  a  naoi  calainT)  THan,  ocup  mmcaipcc  hi  ţxxîftpoB  an 

Blia^am  pin. 

Foncrai  of      'Cangap  a  nagaift  bpiain  moţi  vo  oţi'oaig,  ocup  pugo* 

Muîdu^  50  hOCpT)maca  6,  ocup  ITluţicha^  amaille  pţitp,  ocup 

•00  îc  'Oonncha'b  50  mair  a  ccen'oaice,  ocup  ţio  coifiaill 

a  €iomna  ^oa  6ip  map  vo  op'oai^  bpian  pein. 

suvghtor       CXIX.  Occ  njabala  picec  rucc  "Oonncha*  leip,  ocup 

of  the  ^      ţio  mapB  ap  paiife  (X€a  CU  ac  uile  laD,  ocup  ţio  pob- 

cattie  ou    paTKxp  na  goill  VQ  bî  in  0C€  CLiofi  vece  amac  tk)  €abaipc 

SduwS^  ca6a  t)0  T)onncha'6,  ocup  'oa  paiBe  beo  onn  t)0  T)dL 

cCaip,  uaip  ba  ni€  mdp  leo  a  mbuap  -oo  mapBoft  ina 

pia^naipi ;  ocup  ranjap  amac  o  mac  CCtîilaiB  "oa  pa-Ba 

piu  mape  jaca  picec  "oo  bpei£  led,  ocup  na  ba  uile 

T)ţxicc15dil  acu  pin.     CCpbepc  T)onnchaft,  nî  ap  ruaţiap- 

cal  T^eic  Imaip  gup  amu  acamaiT)ne,  ocup  nî  mo  betniT) 

o  punn  amac,  01  p  -oap  Imn  ap  rţioma  a  cac  ap  ppolra 

pe  fiele,  ocup  an  cuit)  t)0  Bî  beo  'oona  buaib  tk)  mapBot 

annf^n  iar)  hi  ţ^pia^naipi  gali  CCra  Cliac,  ocup  po  eim- 

ge^ap  na  goill  an  ca€  ap  eccla  T)onnchai'B  ocup  Xkil 

cCaip. 

Bnrid  of        *Oo  ţioccaDap  ap  na  mapafi  gup  in  aprfiac,  ocup  po 

^^«^<>"  ablaicpioc  gafi  aon  po  aiCnigeDap  'oa  muinncip  onn, 

hftttie.       ocup  TK)  ţionpac  puai-o,  ocup  cţiocaip  'oon  lucc  po  boi 


^LUUe  EoiUr:  Le.,  Low  Snndaj. 
The  chronological  data  here  mentioned 
prove  that  the  battle  was  fonght  A.D. 
1014,  not  lOlS,  «3  in  the  Four  M. 


^OxoL  The  word  ii  i^tKita,  iHiidi 
■igmiiee,  liteiully,  spoil  or  bool/;  tbe 
context  shows  that  oxen  are  meaot, 
and  the  word  is  therefore  inserted. 


WABS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  QAILL.         211 


• 


king  of  Ui  Mâine ;  and  Domlinall,  son  of  Eimhin,  and 
sixteen  hundred  of  the  nobles  of  Erinn  along  with  tbem. 
When  all  these  nobles  were  killed  on  botb  sides,  and  after  The  axmj 
the  foreiirners  were  defeated,  all  tbe  men  of  Mumbain  col-  ^^™*?î[ 

o  '  encampaon 

lecied  to  one  place ;  and  tbey  stationed  tbemselves  and  the  Green 
encamped  on  the  Green  of  Ath  Cliatb.  And  each  sougbt  *^^^"^ 
for  his  firiends  and  bis  acqnaintances ;  and  tbey  remained 
two  days  and  nights  awaiting  the  retum  of  Donncbadb, 
son  of  Brian;  and  he  arrived  with  a  great  prey  at  the 
bour  of  vespers  on  the  nigbt  of  Easter  Sunday ;  for  it  was 
on  tbe  Friday  before  Easter  tbe  battle  was  fougbt,  viz., 
the  nintb  of  tbe  kalends  of  May ;  and  little  Easter*  was 
in  the  summer  of  that  year. 

Brian  was  met,  as  he  bad  directed ;  and  he  was  taken  to  Fnnerai  of 
Ard-Macha,  and  Murcbadb  along  with  bim  ;  and  Donn-  ^îlîdiadh 
cbadb  paid  in  fîill  tbeir  bequests,  and  fulfilled  Brian's  will 
after  bim  as  he  bad  bimself  directed. 

CXIX.  Donnchadb  brougbt  with  bim  a  spoil  of  eigbt-  Shinghter 
and-twenty  aten,^  and  tbey  were  all  slaugbtered  on  tbe  enem/a 
Green  of  Ath  Cliatb ;  and  tbe  foreigners  wbo  were  in  cattie  on 
Ath  Cliatb  tbreatened  to  come  out  to  give  battle  to  Donn-  of  Dubi^ 
cbadb  and  to  sucb  of  the  Dai  Cais  as  were  alive  tbere, 
because  it  was  great  pain  to  tbem  to  bave  tbeir  cows 
killed  in  tbeir  presence.     And  a  message  came  out  from 
tbe  son  of  Amblaibb  telling  tbem  to  take  an  ox  for  every 
twenty,  and  to  leave  all  tbe  oxen  bebind  except  tbat 
number.     Donnchadb  said,  "  We  bave  not  been  bitberto 
in  tbe  pay  of  tbe  son  of  Imar,  nor  shall  we  be  so  in  future ; 
for  it  appears  to  us  tbat  our  bostility  to  each  other  is  now 
greater  than  ever ;"  and  sucb  of  tbe  oxen  as  were  yet' 
alive  were  tben  slaugbtered  in  tbe  sigbt  of  tbe  foreigners 
of  Ath  Cliatb ;  but  tbe  foreigners  declined  tbe  battle  from 
fear  of  Donnchadb  and  tbe  Dai  Cais. 

On  the  next  day  tbey  went  to  the  field  of  battle  and  Burîai  of 
buried  every  one  of  tbeir  people  that  tbey  were  able  to  the  fleîdo? 
recognise,  tbere ;  and  tbey  made  sledges  and  biers  for  ^^^ 
tbose  of  tbem  wbo  were  alive  altbougb  wounded ;  and 
tbey  carried  tbirty  of  the  nobles  wbo  were  killed  tbei'e 

p2 


212 


coţcroti  sae-Dtiel  ne  salLccibti. 


mond,  or 

South 

Monater. 


be6§0Tir;a  -oî!),  ocuf  fiucccrfi  •oeicenCaţi  ap  piCic  wna 
tnaitiB  po  maîiBa'5  ann  ^oa  cceaLLaiC  vdicuŢa  ţ6in  gach 
7)6  hi  fiaBcccaţi  aţx  puT)  6|ienn. 
Rtvoit  of  CXX.  CCcc  if  lons^oţxr:  aţx  tei€  ţio  bai  05  "Deţnntiiiîi- 
„fP^^  T^eacaiB  in  oi-BSe  fin,  ocuf  long^pc  ayi  lei€  05  'Oonn- 
cha^,  ocuf  ace  *OdL  cCaif.  Ocup  if  iod  tm)  poitie  an 
fotfiaiple  fin  în  oghai'b  T)at  cCaif  .1.  Cian  mac  ITÎaol- 
muai^,  ocuf  T)oîîinatt  mac  *0iiiBT)a1!)0ipenn.  Txinsacap 
pompa  af  fin  co  TTlag  THaifcen,  ocuf  po  pcapfoc  pe 
ceile,  ocup  po  ceip  menma  "Oepmtiitfinec  ap  *Oal  cCoif 
apa  ntiaice  ocup  ap  lomau  a  naepa  gonea,  ocup  tk)  bî 
cac  aga  pd-Sa .  pe  6eile  "oioC.  biai'5  menma  meic 
bpiain  opaiB  ace  lappai-B  ngepnaip,  ocup  neipc  oiîiail 
po  sat)  a  acaip,  ocup  -oa  pia  a  ceaS,  ba*  "Doille  a 
ppeccpa  ina  anopa.  CCpi  corfiaiple  vo  ponpcrc  *Oer- 
Auirfinig  re&ca  7)0  cup  50  *Oonnch(r6  mac  bpiain,  ocuf 
bpai^e  'Diappai'S  paip,  ocup  a  T)uBp(n)ap  vo  BoDapfon 
aga  a€aippium,  ocup  as  bpa6aip  a  arap,  ocup  nijibo 
pupai  L  te6fan  a  beirpium  acaporfi  gac  pe  ppecc,  uaiji 
ba  com-oiiiais  'o6i15  an  pi^e.  CCpbepr  T)onncha*  tnac 
bpiain  na£  "oa  n'oeâin  po  barappoift  ag  a  a6aip  ina  05 
bpoCaip  a  a€ap  afo  TTlutfia  uile  -oo  bpei€  tk)  bpiano 
feallaiB  map  nap  ^ualaing  *Oepmuirfinig  a  cofnaiîi, 
ocup  cccbepx:  nac  muBpa*  pein  geilt  no  ei-oipe^a  v6)l 
co  bpd€,  ocup  XHimcrB  c6iiftlîon  6pein  pifipan  lei^  ap 
lei€  nach  pa&oaip  ua5  goma*  piapa£  v6  iac,  ocup  on 
uaip  'DO  Bia5  Lîon  ba  lia  50  ccuiifineocai*  tmSiB  oîî 
xnjpofeaLL  pin. 

Hainic  an  pip  fin  50  T)efmuiTţineachaiB.    Ro  eiţi^e- 
'oap,  ocup  7)0  feaBaDop  a  napma  -oo  £up  ca€a  pe  Xldl 
cCaip,  ocup  cangaoap  va  nionnpaigi'fe.    Ocuf  afbeţw 
M  Caii.    îî^ccc  bpiain,  Cuipi-S  ap  pe  na  piopa  gonra,  ocup  ocjunf 
uile  hi  H&yi  ITlaifcen  annfCiT),  ocuf  bîoft  bap  rxpian 


TheDes- 
mond 
troops 
advance 


iFa<4er.  The  MS.  reads  btvaftaiti- 
Ţitim,  "hiB  brcther:"  but  the  Editor 
has  taken  the  liberty  of  sabstitnting 
atoniiriiJiTi}  "hU  father,"  which  the 
eeode  absolutei^  requirea.    They  bad 


been  sobject  to  Brian,  Donncfaad't  ft- 
ther,  and  to  Mathgamham,  BiUn's 
brother,  but  now  they  thonght  it  wu 
DoDQchad^s  turn  to  be  mibject  to  then. 
Cian,  lord  of  Dennond,  who  hetded 


WARS  OF  THE  QAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL. 


213 


to  their  territorial  churches»  wherever  they  were  situated 
all  over  Eriim. 

CXX.  But  on  that  night  the  men  of  Deas-Mumham,  Revolt  of 
and  Donchadh  with  the  Dai  Cais,  had  separate  camps  ^^i^^ 
And  there  came  together  to  take  counsel  against  the  Dai  mond,  or 
Cais,  Cian,  son  of  Maelmuaidh,  and  Domhnall,  son  of  i^^ter. 
Dnbhdabhoirenn.  They  marched  forward  from  that  to 
Magh  Maisten,  and  they  separated  there ;  and  the  atten- 
tion  of  the  men  of  Deas-Mumhain  was  fixed  on  the  Dai 
Cais — ^their  small  number  and  the  great  number  of  their 
wounded ;  and  they  said  one  to  the  other — "The  atten- 
tion  of  Brian's  son  will  be  on  you  to  seek  for  lordship  and 
power  such  as  his  father  had,  and  should  he  reach  his 
home  it  will  be  more  difficult  to  meet  him  than  now." 
The  advioe  that  the  men  of  Deas-Mumhain  then  adopted 
was,  to  send  a  message  to  Donnchadh,  son  of  Brian,  and 
to  demand  hostages  from  him.  And  they  said  that  they 
themselves  had  been  subject  to  his  father,^  and  to  his 
father's  brother,  and  that  they  insisted  on  his  being  sub- 
ject to  them  in  turn ;  for  that  the  alternate  sovereignty  was 
their  natural  right.  Donnchadh,  son  of  Brian,  said,  that  it 
was  not  voluntarily  they  had  been  subject  to  his  father, 
nor  to  his  father's  brother ;  for  the  whole  of  Mumhain  had 
been  wrested  by  Brian  from  the  foreigners,  when  the  men 
of  Deas-Mumhain  were  unable  to  contest  it  with  them ; 
and  he  said  that  he  himself  would  nev^r  give  pledge  or 
hostage  to  them ;  and  that  if  he  had  had  equal  numbers 
with  them  on  his  side,  they  should  never  have  left  him 
until  they  had  submitted  to  him ;  and  that  when  his 
troops  became  more  numerous  he  would  remember  to 
them  this  insolence. 

This  intelligence  reached  the  men  of  Deas-Mumhain  The  De^ 
They  arose  and  took  their  arms  to  give  battle  to  the^^ 
Dai  Cais,  and  they  advanced  towards  them.     And  the  advmnce 
son  of  Brian  said — "Put  the  wounded  and  sick  men,"^^caifc* 


this  movement,  was  the  aon  of  MaoI- 
mnadh,  or  Molloy,  by  whom  Math- 


gamhain  was  mnrdered.    See  above, 
chap.  Lf  sq. 


214  coscroti  ţae'otiel  Re  sccllccibti. 

The  Dai-  ga  ccoirfiecTD,  ocuf  ţfieicceţimaoi'onG  an  vă  cqfiian  eU 
2Sr!ind  ^"  ^^^  ^'^>  ocuf  7)0  fiona-S  faiftlai-B.  Oc  cuaUroaţi 
wojmded    na  poţia  gonra,  ocuf  an  Iuct;  orpaip  an  fcc6l  pn,  ţw 

inaiflt  ou  •.  %,  ».  n»      * 

flghting.     eifigeDaţv,  ocuf  ţio  cuiţiexMiti  caonnac  tna  cqiectxno 
ocuf  T)o  ^aBa'oajfi  a  ccLoi'orfiG,  ocuf  a  naţimu  afiSena, 
ocuf  ţio  W  a  ccorfiaijiLe  an  caC  vo  chuţi  a  cceT)6ijt 
Ot:  conncaDaţi  *0efrfitiitfini5  an  menmanţia'b  -00  ţionfcrc 
DisBension  itrtţx  fldn  ocuf  Gafldn,  IU)  oţiLaic  ofifia  an  coc  t» 
îSw^onî*  iabaiţic;  ocuf  ţio  piaţipai*  mac  TJuib-DaBoiiienn  vo 
chieftains.  mac  niaotiftuai'5,  cionnaf  vo  beţianr  an  ca6  fo  no  ca 
fofaţi  (xca  -Duinne  7)6.     ţa  Ţof^^X^  laţiţiae  *e,  aţi  mac 
niaoiLiîitjai'5,  afe  neiţir  T)al  cCaiţ"  1)0  Cuţi  •oîc    CCn 
TXiâBtiaifft  coiîifioinn   Lei€e  THuiftan  'ocnftfa  T)oneoch 
geBmai'o  aţfiaon  7)1.    Wi  uiBeyi  iciţi  6n,  aţi  mac  TTlaoil- 
îţitiai'5.    TU  una  ruccae  atft  ayi  T)otftnall  mac  DuiBw- 
Boijienn,  ap  bjiiaccqfi  'oatîifa  nach  fiach  lecfa  hi  ccetin 
ccrBa  in   aghai*  T)al  cCdif,  '0615  ni  peţifi  lem  beii 
accacfa  inaf  bei€  ace  mac  byiiain  boţioiiţiG,  munba* 
T:aţi  cenn  focaiţx  cţiiche,  ocuf  t®T^<i^"^  "^«^  ^^'^  ^^' 
bi'fe  eiccen  'oi}\x:  zece  od  €15  lemfa,  aji  mac  Hlaol- 
muai'5,  gion  50  Txticca  ca€  anoffa  lem.    CCncroh  jxif 
an  eiccen  fin  th)  §enam  aţi  mac  *Otjibt)aBoi|ienn.    Do 
jiala  erof^Tia  mayi  fin,  octif  nifi  coifiţiaicerofi  aen  loiiţ- 
poyic  co  f  angcroaji  va  txi^iB. 
ThcDai         CXXI.  Imrufa  *Oal  cCaif,  -oo  cenglcrfe  vo  ţiitifi  a 
move'Swr  ^^^  gont^a  ocu^  o€faif ,  ocuf  fo  Suit;  cţie^o»  ocuf  xxciha 
wounded    oţiţia  tap  nwl  a  ffeitige  7)115,  accaf  afi  ffeim*ea6  an 
iS^^CT^''  âoca.    Ro  câjBaDaţi  a  Lucc  gonea  ţiompa  co  tiCCth-i 
Bttow.     poîi  befBa,  ocuf  fo  rujinaiT;  annfin   a  naof  11*01^ 
ocuf  tio  iBpox;  uifcce  an  d€a,  ocuf  fio  glana^  a  ccpecco. 
1f  annfin  do  Bi  *Oonnca*  TTlac  ţiolla^ufiaic  ţiî  Orţwn^ 
ocuf  tai§fi  ina  ccumang  cerca  a  Tllui§  Cloinne  Ceallai^ 
ajia  ccinn,  ocuf  foţicoiifter  ucrBa  oţifia,  Dtif  cia  lieolor 
^  no  feeCDoif  af  "oaig  co  ccucca-ft  racofi  D6ib  ucnji  j^ 

eafcafaic  bunaiD  -oa  ceile  icro,  61^  af  la  bffan  w 


WABS  OF  THE  OAEDHIL  WITH  THE  OAILL.  216 

saîd  he  "  all  înto  Rath  Maisten  yonder,  and  let  a  third  of  The  Dai- 
you  guard  them,  and  we,  the  other  two-thirds,  will  meet  ^STiSd 
these  people."    And  it  waa  done  so.    When  the  wounded  wounded 
men  and  the  sick  heard  this,  they  arose  and  stnffed  their  flghtâng. 
wounds  with  moss,  and  they  took  their  swords  and  other 
arms,  and  they  advised  that  the  battle  be  immediately 
fought.     When  the  men  of  Deas-Mnmhain  saw  the  spirit 
shown  both  by  the  unwounded  and  the  maimed,  they 
hesitated  to  give  battle ;  and  the  son  of  Dubhdabhoirenn 
asked  the  son  of  Maelmuadh — "  Why  should  we  fight  this  Disacnrion 
battle,  or  what  profit  havewe  of  itr     "  What  profit  dost  ^5^^" 
thou  seek  from  it,"  said  the  son  of  Maelmuadh,  "  but  to  chiefumB. 
cast  off  the  power  of  the  Dai  Cais  V    "  Wilt  thou  then 
give  me  an  equal  division  of  half  Mumhain,  as  much  of  it 
as  we  may  both  conquerf     "That  will  I  not  give,  in- 
deed,"  said  the  son  of  Maelmuadh.     "  K  thou  give  it  not^ 
then,"  said  Domhnall,  son  of  Dubhdabhoirenn,  ''on  my 
word  I  shall  not  go  with  thee  against  the  Dai  Cais,  because 
I  am  not  better  pleased  to  be  under  thee  than  under  the 
son  of  Brian  Boroimhe,  unless  for  the  profit  of  land  and 
territory  for  myself "     "  Thou  shalt  be  compelled  to  come 
from  thy  home  with  me,"  said  the  son  of  Maelmuadh, 
"though  thou  join  me  not  now  in  battle."     ''We  shall 
wait  for  that  compulsion,"  said  the  son  of  Dubhdabhoirenn. 
Thus  did  the  contention  between  them  remain,  and  they 
met  not  in  the  one  câmp  till  they  reached  their  homes. 

CXXI.  To  retum  to  the  Dai  Cais ;  their  wounded  and  The  Dai 
sick  men  were  again  boimd,  but  tremour  and  faintness  feU  „jove  thdr 
upon  them  when  their  excitement  passed  away,  and  the  ^*^?^*^ 
battle  was  not  fought.     They  took  their  woimded  with  the  rfver 
them  to  Ath-I,  on  the  Berbha ;  and  their  sick  were  laid  B"™^« 
down  there,  and  they  drank  of  the  water  of  the  ford, 
and  their  wounds  were  cleansed.    At  that  time  Donnchadh 
Mac  QiUapatraic,  king  of  Osraighe,  and  the  Laighsi  were 
în  battle  array  in  Magh  Chloinne  Ceallaigh  in  wait  for 
them,  and  they  had  scouts  out  to  inform  them  of  the  path 
they  should  take  that  they  might  give  them  battle,  for 
they  were  natural  enemies  to  each  other :  for  it  was  by 


216  coţcroTi  ţcce'Dliel  ae  scclLcnbti, 

The  meu    cuiCtiile-B  a  oCaifi,  ocuf  bai  bticrbain  aicce  hillaiiR- 

LdLeîx    Ocuf  colilie  mac  b|iiain,  ocup  *Oal  cCaif  ina  nDipin» 

demand      T)ei§fluai§  fiompa  co  hCCth'\  pofi  beaţiBo,  aiftail  po 

iromDoiin- pc[i'6®"^ap  fioiftainn,  ocuf  "00  conncoDaji  Ofj\ai|e  p"' 

<**^       ocuf  ţio  cmji\'cc  re£ca  •Dia|i|iai'5    bţiai^Dex)   oji  mac 

bţiiain,  no  'oiafipoi'B  ca6a  tnuna  ppagDaif  bfun ^De.  Octir 

ţian^ocaţi  na  ve^za  50  mac  byiiain,  ocuf  ţio  poftxrB 

fc^la  Dibh,  ocuf  fio  mnire^^aţi  na  TX)fcca  mo  nxinţcroaju 

1f  annfin  ocbep-r  mac  bţiiain  conâfi  BiongnaDh  mac 

Tnaoitiftuai'5,  ocuf  ^Oefiriurtia  T)iafiţiai'5  bfiai^eB,  octif 

a  fealai§eacca  aţi  *OaL  cCaip»  6ifi  ba  hionanti  puii 

T)6it[  ocuf  T)0  *OaL  cCaif,  ocuf  ţiob  lonsno*  leoîTlac 

5ioLlapaq[vaicc  'oiafiţiai'B  na  foaLaigeaCra  nap  •BuchJar 

T)6  'opdgbdiL  .  Ocuf  atftail  ţio  Cuatcroap  an  raof  jonwi 

The  fin  fio  ţdf  a  mbpil;,  ocuf  a  mbopppa-B  gtip  BioncaCai^e 

fa^^^    gafi  goin  peap  T)ib.    Ocuf  "oo  pai-BoDap  fie  mac  bjimin, 

being  led    ocuf  pe  *Oal  cCaif  T)ol  pon  ccoilL  pa  nepa  "061 B,  ocop 

to  battie.    ţiţiţ^i^^ge  j^  ţaCaipx;  leo  combeiDip  a  n'opomanna  pia 

SS,^T'  itia  peparfi  an  pe*  vo  bei«  an  cau  aga  cup.  aAail 
S^r^*^  ^  cuala  TTlac  Siolla^aqiaic  ocup  Opfuxi^e  an  Aeipneî 
contest  rf»6p  pin  ag  *Oat  cCaip  ei:ip  pldn,  ocap  efT^ldn,  vo 
loca^ap  Txibaipc  an  ca£a  ocup  po  tongaiBpioc  "001 
cCaip.  bcup  ap  loca^  an  £a€a  •oOfTfiaigib  vo  cucccoţi 
rpi  caecair  Don  lucc  gonea  "Decc,  ap  maoloro  a  ppeipţe 
6  na£  ppuaparxcp  caC.  Jup  ha^laice'5  ann  pin  iod, 
an  m6iT)  naC  pucca^  va  nuaipLiB  "oa  nT)UiCciB  tkx  ncrS- 
nacal  ina  cceallaiB  T>6ttaip  50  bon6fia£,  ocup  pangoDcqi 
fiompd  50  Ceni)  Copaft.  Coni-ft  cocea*  gali  fie  ^01*560- 
laiB,  ocup  cach  Cluana  'CapB  conuicce  pin.] 


PIMIS. 


WARS  OF  THE  GAEDHIL  WITH  THE  GAILL.  217 

Brian  his  father  had  been  put  in  fetters  and  kept  a  year 
in  custody.    And  now  Brian's  son  and  the  Dai  Cais  came  xhe  men 
în  close  marţial  array  to  Ath-I,  on  the  Berbha,  as  we  have  ^  9Ţ^r^ 
said  before ;  and  when  the  Osndghe  saw  that,  they  sent  demand 
messengers  to  demand  hostages  from  Brian's  son,  or  to  ^*^^ 
demand  battle  should  they  not  receive  hostages.    And  the  ehadh. 
messengers  reached  the  son  of  Brian;  and  they  were  ques- 
tioned  as  to  their  errand ;  and  they  related  the  business 
on  which  they  came.    And  then  the  son  of  Brian  said  that 
it  was  no  wonder  that  the  son  of  Maelmuaidh  and  the 
Deas-Mumhain  should  ask  for  hostages  and  alternate  sove- 
reignty  from  the  Dai  Cais,  because  their  blood  was  the 
same  as  that  of  the  Dai  Cais ;  but  they  did  wonder  that 
Mac  Gillapatraic  should  seek  for  a  sovereignty  to  which  he 
had  no  natural  right.    And  when  the  wounded  men  heard 
this  their  strength  and  fury  grew  so,  that  every  man  of 
them  was  able  for  battle.    And  they  said  to  the  son  of  The 
Brian  and  to  the  Dai  Cais  to  go  into  the  nearest  wood  to  7<>?nded 

^  insist  on 

them,  and  to  bring  out  with  them  stakes  to  which  they  being  led 
could  put  their  backs,  standing  during  the  battle.    When  ^  ^^^ 
Mac  Gillapatraic  and  the  Osraighe  heard  of  that  great  0^0^^^ 
courage  in  the  Dai  Cais,  both  whole  and  wounded,  they  timi^^ted 
declined  the  battle,  and  avoided  the  Dai  Cais.     And  when  contest 
the  Osraighe  failed  to  give  battle,  thrice  fifby  of  the 
wounded  men  died  when  their  excitement  oeased  as  they 
did  not  receive  battle ;  and  they  were  buried  there,  except 
such  of  their  nobles  as  were  brought  to  their  native  places 
to  be  buried  in  their  hereditary  churches  with  honour ; 
and  they  thus  arrived  at  Cenn  Coradh.    And  that  is  the 
war  of  the  Gaill  with  the  Gaedhil  and  the  battle  of  Cluain- 
Tarbh  so  far] 


riNis. 


APPENDIX. 


APPENDIX. 


The  FragmeTvt  of  thia  Work  preaerved  in  tive 

Book  of  Leinster. 

The  fragment  of  tliis  work  oontained  in  the  remains  of  The  Tng- 
the  Book  of  Leinster,'  a  MS.  of  the  12th  oentuiy,  in  the  H^** 
Libraiy  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  is  evidently  a  much  Leinster. 
older  text,  and  in  a  more  andent  orthography  than  that 
which  is  found  in  the  Brussels  MS.     It  has,  therefore, 
been  given  here  with  a  translation,  in  parallel  oolunm& 
This,  it  will  be  remembered,  is  the  MS.  which  is  for 
shortness  referred  to  by  the  letter  L.  in  the  notes,  pp.  1-31. 
There  are  unfortunately  several  illegible  words  and  pas- 
sages  in  this  MS.  which  has  snffered  greatly  from  age  and 
damp ;  these  defects  are  marked  by  dots,  thus    .... 
in  the  followîng  transcript : — 

btii  T>o^a«:i  vn6\i  fop,  ţ?e-        There  was  great  oppression'  Chap.  r. 
naib  tiOţienri  co  ţx)ţilercm,  o     on  the  men  of  Erin,  through- 

out  its  breadth,  from  Lochknns, 
and  from  fierce,  hardhearted 
Danars,  during  a  lengthened 
period  and  a  long  time,  yiz.,  tor 
eight  score  and  ten  years.  Or, 
two  hundred  jears,  according  to 
Bome,  i.e.  from  Airtri  to  Brian 
son  of  Kennedy,  in  Cashel ;  [and] 
from  the  time  of  Aedh,  son  of 
Niall  Frossach,  in  Tara,  that  is,  ciup.  II. 
sixteen  kings  during  that  time 
in  Cashel,  but  twelve  kings  in 
Tara  during  the  same  time. 


tochlcmnâoib  ocui*  o  *Oan- 
ofiaib  -Dtilgib  T)tifvqfiiT)e6aib 
ţ?p.i  fie  cian  octif  ţ?p,i  aimpţi 
ţx)ca  .1.  ţ?fii  T>ei6  îTiblicrona 
oaji*  occ  pcic.  Wo  -oa  ceu 
îhblicroain  ia|i  ţxwjvin'o,  .1. 
6  CCţitTfii  co  Ojvîan  mac  Cen- 
TieDiţ  1  Caffiut ;  6  jieimef 
GCeoa  mic  WeiH  fTfioffai^  1 
T^mţiai^,  .1.  ye  IV15  "Deg  tiij* 
in  fie  fam  1  Caffiul,  -oa  fii^ 
•005  imofifio  1  X^mfiaig  fiif 
in  fie  cecna. 


1  Book  of  Leintter.  Claas  H.,  Tih, 
2,  Ko.  18,  fol.  217.  For  an  acconnt  of 
this  MS.  see  Introduction. 

'  Greoi  oppression.  It  will  be  ob« 
aerved  that  the  text  as  given  above 
(p.  2)  from  B.,  haa  "wonderful  and 


awfully  great  oppresrion,*'  with  other 
considerable  interpolationa,  which 
prove  it  to  have  been  much  more 
modem  than  the  Book  of  Leinster. 
For  expletives  of  this  kind  are  the 
most  common  of  all  interpolatlons. 


222 


APPENDIX  A. 


The  Frag-        TTlofl   "DeDOD    OCHI*  'DITOTie^ 
mentmthe^Q^jţq^    ocui*    "oechaiicafftil 

Lcinster.     f.0  pulfigeraţi  p\i  [eţieriTi]  fii 

^^,  — :jy  ftetnef  na  fvîg  fain  o  loch- 
^         lonnaib  ocuf  o  T)aTiaTiaib. 

Ch«p.  IV.  IjVfieînef  CCeDa  mic  "MâiH 
fiî^  hOfieiTD,  ocuf  CCfiqfii 
mic  Cacail  fvîg  Caffit,  ţia 
chiiiT)fcanfac  ^aiH  in-ofiitiT) 
hOfien-D  a|v  uuf,  a  Catnimif 
h.  pocăit)  'Ciţxe  .1.  pchi  ap, 
tec  long,  ocuf  fia  in-ofiecaţi 
in  uiţi  trili.  Ra  aiţiget)  octrf 
fia  lofcaD  leo  Inif  Lab- 
fiaint),  octir  *OaniT)if .  t^uqpac 
^o^onacc  Loca  L^in  coch  "odib, 
octif  fio  mafiboD  fe  pfi  -oec 
afi  .cccc.  "01  na  ^aUaib,  .1. 
in  'oechniaD  bliaoain  fienâc 
CCfirp,i. 

Chap.  V.  X^nic  -ona  longef  aili  afi- 
fain  co  fio  mnfiecafi  Coficaig, 
ocaf  Inif  'Cemli  octrf  bech- 
efiinn,  ocuf  Cltrainuama,  ocuf 
Rof  niallain,  octjf  Scellic 
TIlîcil,  ocuf  fiucfac  Crgal  in 


Great  hardship  and  fatigae, 
contempt  and  indîgnitj,  did  the 
men  of  Ireland  sustain  during 
the  time  of  these  kings  {rom. 
Locblanns  and  from  Danan. 

It  was  in  the  time  of  Aedh, 
son  of  Nially  king  of  Ireland, 
and  of  Artri,  son  of  Catbal,  king 
of  Cashel,  tliat  foreigners  fiist 
began  the  devastation  of  Ire- 
land, at  Cammus  Hui  Fathaîdh 
Tire,  i.e.  120  ships,  and  th» 
whole  country  was  plnndered. 
Inis  Labhrainn  and  Darinis 
were  plnndered  by  them.  The 
Eoghanachts  of  Loch  Lein 
gave  them  battle,  and  416  men 
of  the  foreigners  were  killed,  in 
the  tenth  year  before  the  death 
of  Artri*^ 

There  came  another  fleet 
after  that,  and  Cork  was  plnn- 
dered, and  Inis  Temhli,'  and 
Becherinn,'  and  Cluain  Uamha, 
and  Ros-niallain,^  and  Skeilig 
Michael ;  and  £tgal  of  the  Skel- 


^  Death  of  Artri,  The  foUowing 
note  referred  to  from  this  word  ocean 
in  the  margin  of  the  MS.  "  .  .  .  . 
bboroonn  ftn  op.  tnocţib  cn>  'Dimon 
afUTDy  ocuf  in  T>aţv[a]  bliocoain 
fiigi  peDi^miT>  mic  CiUTnchanTD," 
which  is  no  doubt  the  remark  received 
by  the  later  MS.  into  the  text,  if  in 
btiocoom  fin  ayi  Tnctribcro  "Oimcm 
OCfioro,  "this  was  the  year  after  that 
in  which  Diman  of  Aradh  was  killed," 
with  the  addition  of  the  words  "  and 
the  second  y^ar  of  the  reign  of  Fed- 
limidh  Mac  Crinthamn.**  It  is  doubt- 
ful  whether  the  date  thus  described  is 
not  the  date  of  the  plundering  of  Cork, 
mentioned  in  the  next  chapter. 


9  Inii  TemhlL  In  the  maigin  at 
this  word  is  the  note,  in  TKiţia  btia- 
•DOin  n-igi  pe^iLim  mic  Ctwm- 
rhoinn,  "the  second  jear  of  the 
reign  of  Fedhlim  Mac  Crîmhthaiin." 
This  note  has  also  been  traoscribed 
into  the  text  in  B. 

^Bechtrmn,  Written  bechefi  î>^  ^* 
MS.,withaIineoverYv.  B.readsben^ 
cenţi,  i.e.  Bangor,  which  is  so  fiur  saspi- 
cious  that  all  the  other  plaoes  mentioned 
are  in  the  sonth  of  Ireland,  and  the  plun- 
dering of  Bangor  is  recorded  in  the  next 
section.  Beg-eire  or  Begery  Island,  in 
Wexford  harboor,  is  evidently  the  plaoe 
intended.— See  4  Masi.  A.D.  819. 

<J?o«-«îaflbm.  B.readsJ2os-il/i(K/am. 


APPENDIX  A. 


223 


8ceti5  teo  i  Tnbţiaiu,  amiv 
rjfve  miţvbail  aqfiuUa  uâDib, 
ocnf  ba  rnaţib  -oe  ^oţirai  ocuj' 
'Dîccai'o  occo  hă. 

Txxnic  lofigef  aili  i  maif- 
citifir  fih6|ienTi,  .1.  in  cech- 
Ţvamcro  blicroain  aţv  nec  OCeoa 
lif^beinen'o;  octif  fia  aţi^feT?- 
foi-oe  Oen'Dcbtiiţv  tHa-o,  ocui* 
fia  bfiiffeuajv  fqiin  Chotn- 
ţaiU.  Ra  inap.bfac  epfcop 
m  bali,  octif  a  ecnai-oi,  ocni* 
a  ffitichi.  Ra  aifigfer:  TTla^ 
itiOili. 

'Ccmic  -ona  lonţef  aili  in 
btiib  Cen-Dixilaiţ,  ocuj'  fia 
aifi^fer:  T^ch  TTliinnii  ocuf 
T^  TTlollinţ,  octif  Inif  T!^oc. 
Txm^ocafi  afifxxin  in  Ofţx^ifi- 
51b,  ocuf  fia  binT)fieD  in  cift 
leo;  ocuf  ctjqpac  Offoifiţe 
cau  T)6ib,  octif  roficaifi  .clxx. 
•Dina  ^aHaib.  Ra  aifiţfec 
octif  fia  loifcfeu  Leffmofi, 
ocnf  CeU/  TTlolaffi,  octif 
Cinam  CCifi-D  TTlobeccâc.  Ra 
coglaD  leo  vdn  *0efiinai5i 
octif    Inif    Ooţondin,    ocuf 


lig  wad  canied  off  by  them  into  The  Frag^ 
captivity,  so   that  it  was  by  î?®^*  »''/^* 

^'      1     ^  j  i.  .1.         Book  of 

miracle  ne  escaped  tcom  them,  Leinster. 

and  he    dîed  of  hanger  and      — 

thîrst  with  them.^ 

There  came  another  fleet  into  Ghap.  Y I. 
the  north  of  Ireland,  i.e.  in  the 
fourth  jear  after  the  death  of 
Aedh,  kîng  of  Ireland ;  and  they 
plondered  Bangor  of  Uladh, 
and  thej  broke  the  shrine  of 
Comhgall.  They  killed  the 
biâhop  of  the  place,^  and  his 
wiae  men,  and  his  clergj.  Thej 
plundered  Magh  Bile. 

There  came  another  âeet  into  Clup.  VII. 
Hj  Cennsalaigh,  and  plundered 
Tech  Munnuy  and  Tech  Mol- 
ling,  and  Inis  Teoc.  Thej 
afterwardB*  went  into  Oseorj, 
and  the  country  was  plundered 
bj  them ;  and  the  men  of  Os- 
sory^  gave  them  battle,  and  1 70 
of  the  foreigners  were  slain. 
They  plundered  and  bumed 
Lismore,  and  Cillmolash,  and 
Cluain-aird-Mobecog.  Bythem 
were  demolisfaed  Dun-Derrow, 
and  Inishannon,  and  Disert  Ti- 


1  Whila  with  them,  Thia  seenu  to 
oontradict  the  statement  that  he  ee- 
caped  bjr  miracle.  The  meanîng  pos- 
sibly  ia,  that  althoagh  he  minca- 
loualy  eacaped,  he  neverthelesa  died 
from  the  effecta  of  the  hanger  and 
thint  to  which  he  was  ezposed  whiUt 
in  their  power.  But  it  is  mere  pro- 
hable  that  two  different  acconnts  are 
here  combined,  and  that  "  aocoiding  to 
otheiB,"  or  worda  to  that  eflFect  hmre 
dropped  out  in  tranacription,  bel  ore  the 
woida  '*  he  died  of  hanger,  Ac"  The 
annala  of  Ulster,  A.D.  823,  make  no 
mentton  of    the  miracalons  escape; 


"Eitgail  Sceiligg  a  gentilibus  raptos 
est,  et  cito  mortuos  est  fame  et  siti." 

*The  place,  LitenOly  "of  the 
town**  in  bali.  But  this  word  ia 
often  aaed  to  8ignif7  a  monasteiy  or 
religioas  house. 

^.^ftenoards.  CCifiŢam  for  lofif^n. 
We  ma.y  observe  several  peculiarities 
of  spelling  in  this  fragment,  as  ţux  for 
fU)  î  icqfVfMiTi  for  lotif^n ;  f^cati  for 
pn ;  leiff  for  lef ;  also  e  for  1  in 
teffmoti,  CeU  TTlolcap,  Ac, 

*  The  men  of  Oseorjf.  Of^oitige, 
is  in  the  other  MSS.  Of^ţunge,  which 
is  the  more  usoal  f orm. 


224 


APPENDIX  A. 


The  Frag-  *Oiptip.T;  T/ipfvain.      Ra  gab 

J^^^***®îveTnpo  fa  chuai-o  laţicam  co 

Leiiuter.     Snăm  OCi^ec,  co  |io  millfeu 

LaiTD   Lqii    octif  Cellfleibi. 

CCcuaiT)    aţvîfi    'ooib    co    fio 

aiţV5fec     Sofi-o     ColuimciUe 

octif  T)aTnliac  Cionaiti,  octif 

-Slcmi,  ocuf  CeH  aufaiUi,  ocuf 

^IcT^n  "oa  loca,  ocui*  Cinam 

uatna,  ocuţ*  ITlunsaţiii:,  ocuf 

ii|vm6|i  cell  hOpen-o  mie. 

Chap.yilT.      Tkmic  lofigef  aile  i  ciian 

UJfTITII^,      OCUf      ţia      1l1T1'D|l1U 

Cofico  bafciiTO  ttarhufai'oe, 
ocui*  T^ioDiiaiji,  ocui*  .ti. 
Conaill  gabfva.  CCcccucfoc.h. 
CoDaiU  coch  T)6ib,  [la  'Oon'o- 
chaoh  ţvi  .h.  ConaiU  in  xxa\ 
fa,  octif  *OotYiTiall  mac  Citit)- 
faelaiT)  p.i  .h.  Caiţipfii],  ocuf 
ni  fef  ca  lin  "oo  ţiochaiţv  ani). 

Chap.  IX.  'Cancacap.  oţxfain  ţiiglon- 
gef  oobul  Tn6fi  la  Duifi^eif  i 
mafcitiţiT:  nhCţiem).  Ha  gab 
in  I^mţvgef  IV151  gallh^em). 
Ra  hin'D|ie'D  cuafce|w;  nhOp.- 
en-D  leo,  ocuf  |^  fcailfec  po 
Lech  CuinT).  Ra  gab  longef 
T)ib  foţi  Loc  ^chac.  Ra  ţab 
longef  aile  illtipnaT).  Lon- 
^ef  aili  fop,  Loch  Rf . 


Ra  binT)ţveT> -ona  GCţi'oniaâa 
ŢO  cjfii  f  inn6en  mif  leo,  octif 
|vo  5ab  'Cuf.geif  fâin  aboaine 
CCifiT)  TTlacha,  octif  ţva  înnaţvb 
aff  ţoţvanncm  abcaj)  CCiţiT> 
TIla6a  cofiţvocc  m  tunam,  ocuf 


praitî.  They  afterwards  went 
Dorthwards  to  Snamh  Aignech, 
80  that  thej  spoiled  Lazm  Leri 
and  Killeavy.  They  retunied 
again  and  plundered  SwordB  of 
Columcille,  and  Duleek  of  Ci- 
anan,  and  Slane,  and  Eillosey, 
and  Glendaloch,  and  Cloyne, 
and  Mungret,  and  the  greater 
part  of  the  monastic  churches  of 
all  Ireland. 

Another  âeet  came  intolime- 
rîck  harboiu*,  and  bj  them  weie 
plimdered  Corca  Bhaiscin,  and 
Tradraighe,  and  H7  Conaill 
Gabhra.  But  the  Ui  Conaill 
gave  them  battle  [under  Don- 
chadh^  king  of  the  Ui  Conaill, 
at  that  time,  and  Domhnal,  son 
of  Cennfaeladh,  king  of  Ui  Car- 
bre],  and  it  is  not  known  what 
number  fell  there. 

There  came  af  ter  that  a  great 
royal  fleet  into  the  north  of  Ire- 
land with  Turges.  ThisTurge» 
assumed  the  sovereigntj  of  the 
foreigners  of  Ireland.  The  north 
of  Ireland  was  plimdered  by 
them,  and  they  diitpersed  them- 
selves  over  Leth  Cuinn.  A  fleet 
of  them  took  poseesdon  of  Lodi 
Neagh.  Another  fleet  took  pos- 
session  of  Louth.  Another  âeet 
on  Loch  Ree. 

Moreover,  Armagh  was  plim- 
dered hj  them  three  times  in 
the  same  month,  and  Tnrgefl 
himself  took  the  Abbacj  of  Ar- 
magh; and  Forannan,  Abbot 
of  Armagh,  was  driven  awaj 


^  Under  Donchadh,  The  cUase  with- 
in  bneketa  in  added  by  a  contempo- 


raiy  hand  in  tbe  margin  of  the  MS. 
See  the  Text,  p.  8  mpnu  and  note  4. 


APPENDIX  A. 


225 


fqfiin  poqfvaic  leiff ;  ocui'bai 
ţoficmiiom  ceuhfii  blicrona  i 
TTltifnaiTi,  octif  'Ctiţigeif  in 
CCfi-o  Tîlaca,  octii*  neţic  uaaf- 
ci|vc  tiCfienT)  aice. 

1f    cm'Ofiti    fux    comaUcro 
ţ«|niii    Oefichain    in    pţiim 
foroa  .1. — 
"Cicponc  ţenci  TMXfi  muiţi  mall 

bro  uoroib  aboaT>  ţ:oţi  cac  citt 


dedc  Thbticrona  "ooib,  ni    pei'om 

ŢXSTi'O 

1fi  aYiî>Yiip  na  hCtient) 
Innabocam  oaia  citii, 
"Do  genctb  'otnn  "Dubllni. 
Iharo  ab  ţ:onni6iU>f^  'oe 
Hi  taoefva  'Dioţimenso 
Cocn  fKxcifv  con  cno'oa 
Con  tocin,  ace  galt  befvta. 


Icem  Colum  cill&-^ 
In  toAgof  |Hnn  to6a  Ri 
THoit  TK)  moţioT)  gatt  'Senei, 
biT)  uoDib  ab  CCiţiT)  TYlada, 
biT>  otlamnaie  anţtacha. 

Irem  bec  mac  -Qe- 
T)ct)fi  ben  6loc  i  'Calciti  ce, 
Ciajvan  Ţexi  |»aiT)bin  j^aigrie» 
Ha  seU/  '6ti6ÎiinT>  co  pa  cjii 
Dama  "DanaTi  "oiiblonsfi. 

.1.  voan  in  inoro  înnofvba 
CoLum  ciUi  1)011  nfinifi,  octif 
Dccm  in  inoTD  faţioi^  Ciaţiain 


and  went  to  Mtmster,  and  the  The  Fng- 

Shrine  of  Patrick  witli  1^™;  5^*^^**^* 

and  Forannan  was  four  years  Leinster. 

in  Munfiter,  and  Turges  in  Ard-       — 

macha,  and  the  power  of  the 

north  of  Erinn  was  with  him. 

It  was  then  that  the  pro- 

phecy  of  Berchan  the  chief  pro- 

phet^  was  fulfilled,  viz. : — 

Gentfles  shall  come  over  the  noble  sea, 
They  shall  spread  over  the  land  of 

Erinn. 
Of  them  flhall  be  an  abbot  over  eyery 

chiirch, 
Of  them  tkall  be  potweafl  over  Erinn. 
Seven  yean  ehall  they  be — ^not  weak 

their  power. 
In  the  Bovereignty  of  Erinn, 
In  the  abbacy  of  eyeiy  church 
The  Gentiles  of  the  f ort^  of  Dnblin. 
There  ahall  be  an  abbot  of  them  orar 

tliifl  my  chnrch, 
He  shall  not  attend  to  matina, 
Withont  Pater,  without  Credo, 
Withont  Ijatin,^  and  only  [knowlng] 

a  fordgn  langoage. 

Also  Columcîlle — 

This  fleet  of  Loch  Ri 
Has  well  exalted  the  foreign  Gentiles, 
Of  them  shall  be  an  abbot  of  Ardmacha, 
It  shall  be  the  rule  of  an  Usurper. 

Also  Bec  mac  De — 

When  the  beli  was  rung  in  warmTailtin, 
The  aged  wealthy  Ciaian  of  Saighre, 
Promised  to  Erinn,  three  times, 
Parties  of  Danes  of  the  black  ships. 

i.e.  a  party  in  consequence 
of  Columcille  being  banished 
beyond  the  sea ;  and  a  partj  in 


Chap.  X. 


1  The  chief  prophet  This  is  am- 
pUfied  in  B.  and  D.  into  **  chief  prophet 
of  heaven  and  earth." 

*  Power.  A  second  hand  has  writ- 
tan  nnder  the  word  nefic  poneer^  no 
fii  **  or  ţii"  a  kmgf,  which  is  the  reading 
of  D.  and  B. 


*  The  fort,  For-Dnin  "the /ort  of 
Dnblin,"  B.  and  D.  lead  «off b,  "  black 
Gentiles  of  Dublin."   See  aboye,  p.  IO. 

^LaiuL  For  Laim,  B.  and  D. 
nad  goeDilg  or  goi'oeilcCi  "  withoat 
Irith ;"  Le.  nnable  to  speak  Irish. 


226 


APPENDIX  A. 


TheFrtg'  ţ»iTi  1  T^xlcin,  octif  'occm  iti 
^*^j^*incrDq[ioifcchi  Tiaem  he|ienTi 
Leinater.     1  ^tn|iai5  oţi  "OiaţVTnofo  tnac 
CejibaiU. 


Chap.  XI.  Conic  ia|ifain  Cuii^ef  ţx)ţi 
Loch  Ri,  ocflf  fia  in-DiieT) 
TriiTM  ttcroaff  ocnf  Connacca, 
ocuf  fux  hiiTDţieT)  leiff  Citiain 
mic  noif  ocuf  Cluain  ţ^fica 
OţienainT),  octif  Locjfva,  ocuf 
Ciţi  'oa  siaj*,  octij'  Inif  Cel- 
cfia,  octif  cella  *0e|i5  "oeiivc 
afi6ena.  Cuc  Cltioin  mic  tioif 
T>a  mnai.  ly*  otit)  ţia  betieo 
a  ţTfiecaficha  -oalcoifi  in  x^etn- 
poil  ni6ifi.  Orca  amm  mnaa 
Cup^^eif .  Ciiqpac  Conna6cac 
coch  "06, 1  ro|icaifi  TÎIaelDtiiT) 
TnacTTltifijitifaţxigDonnTia  Con- 
"    nacr. 

Chap.  XII.  Concocaji  igţifain  coic 
lofiga  OCHI*  cjfii  ptiz  co  "Dub- 
liTîT)  CCcha  Cliach,  octif  ţwi 
tiiTiDfiic  Login  co  tnafi^i  leo, 
ocuf  TTlag  iftbiieţ.  Ciiqpac 
"Oalţiiocai  cach  'dotî  lofigif 
Ţe\r\;  uaiţi  pa  cuacap,  lom 
ele  |w  hC^in-D  ţxrchtiai'D  ap 
miUiQ'o  Logen  ocaf  bpe^. 
Ha  mopboD  ifin  tot  fin  Oo- 
^onon  mac  Oenpifa  pî  "Oail- 
p,iauai. 

Cliai>.XIIL     Cainic    r6la    mtipbpti6ca 


conseqnence  of  Ciaian  himsel/ 
being  sacrilegiously  wronged 
in  Taltîn ;  and  a  party  in  cod- 
sequence  of  the  &sting  of  the 
samts  of  Erinn,  in  Tara,  against 
Diarmaid  Mac  CerbhailL 

After  this  came  Turges  upon 
Loch  Ri,  and  from  thenoe  were 
plunderedMeath  andConnacht; 
and  Cloainmicnois  and  CIod^ 
of  Brennan,  and  Lotbia,  and 
Tir-da-glas,  and  Inis  Celtra, 
were  plundered  bj  him,  and  the 
diurches  of  Loch  Derg  in  H^ 
manner.  Cluainmicnois  was 
takenbjhiswife.  Itwasonthe 
altarof  the  greatchurchsheused 
to  give  her  answers.  Otta  vas 
the  name  of  the  wîfe  of  Tnrg^ 
The  Connanght-men  gave  hiin  > 
battle,  in  which  was  slain  Hael- 
duin,  8on  of  Min^ghins,  heirap- 
parent  of  Connaught. 

There  came  after  tbat  three 
score  and  five  ships  to  Dublino 
of  Ath  Cliath,  and  Laigin  vas 
plundered  by  them  to  the  sea, 
and  Magh  Bregh.     The  Pai- 
riadans  gave  battle  to  this iieet; 
for  they  went,  with  the  W^ 
hand^  to  Erinn,   northwards; 
after  the  plnnderîng  of  Laîg^ 
and  Bregia.     Eoghanan,  ^ 
of  Oengus,  king  of  DalriadBi, 
was  kiUed  in  that  battle. 

There  came  great  aea-belched 


^Totke  sed.  M r.  W.  M.  HenneBşy 
niggesto  that  moipp  may  here  mean 
SUevemaiyy;  but  în  the  text  (p.  12, 
above)  the  reading  ia  co  ţoipge,  *'  to 
the  sea;"  and  the  readtng  here  may, 
perhaps,  be  meant  for  oo  mY^cnp^. 


iL^hmtd,  ThÎB  paasage  htt  bec» 
wTongly  tranalated,  p.  13, «.  Ut  o^"^ 
to  a  miareadingof  the  text,  which  wtf 
pointed  ont  to  me  by  Mr.  W.  M.  Hen- 
neosy. 


ÂPPENDIX  A. 


tnoip,  vo  ţaUcnb  i  TntiinaiT), 
cona  pabi  aiţit)  înn  con  lofţ- 
5if .  Ra  Mb  lofigef  -oib  i 
Cafijiai^  Laaqfio,  ocuf  tia 
hinT)fiecaîi  co  Cili  In,  ocuf  co 
CiH  CiniTii.  Ha  hnToţiecaii 
Tma  lon^ef  LtiTnniţ  TîlaiichiTi 
TTîtiTnain,  octif  ţinqpoc  po- 
ţumTion  comajiba  Pacfuxic  o 
Cluonti  Comaji'oa  leo  co  Lum- 
Tiec,  octif  |\a  bţiiffifec  |x:|iin 
poqfvaic. 

1f  bl  feo  blioroam  ţia  ^abcro 
Tîtiiyvţeif  la  Tîlaelfe^laiTiTi. 
Ro  bofocD  ofifaiTi  bâ  lUoc 
tlaifi  .1.  in  bliODoiTi  fierfiboDin) 
WeiH  CaiUe  fain,  ocuf  in 
TMxţia  blioDain  ţienâc  pei-oil- 
rniT)  mic  CjiimubaiTi'D.  CCţi 
TnaţiboD  'Cwivgeif  •doUuit)  po- 
ficmnan  affi^  TTltimaiTi  co 
CCţi-D  îîlaca,  octjf  fia  lef- 
fai^ex)  fC|iin  paqfiaic. 

Tonnacop,  "ona  ^aiU  co 
Roffqfve  fin  bliooain  feo, 
laa  feili  poil  ocnf  pemiji, 
octif  înroenac  mnillci  an-o, 
octif  mcaD  cac  T)oib,  ocuf 
fiomai'D  fofif  na  ^allaib  rfie 
|vac  Poil  octif  peraiji,  octif 
|va  mcqfiboD  co  T)iaţiniiT>i,  ocuf 
|ia  bualoro  Onpbile  lofila  cnro 
•oe  cloic,  co  |U)  maţib  â  De. 
ba  sfiema  -ofeiuxib  mutnain 
in  qfvofcti'o  Da  fionfoc  ţia  pol 
if  |ia  pecafi  înnaiDcbe  jieime. 
1f  mo|i  Dtitc  octif  DimneD  ffiit 
tiacbt]  octif  fdaţun;af.ftiTn  o 
dac  Doneoc  nac  fcţiibcbaji 
ftinD. 


shoals  of  foreigners  into  Mu-  The  Frag- 

mhain,  so  that  there  was  not  a  î?«"^  "i^« 

1  /.      .  ,  y.         Book  of 

point  thereof  without  a  fleet.  Ldiuter. 

A  fleet  of  them  came  to  Ciar-       — 

rîaghi  Luaobra,  and  tbey  plun- 

dered  as  far  as  Cill-Ita  and  Cili- 

Eimni.    And  the  fleet  of  Luim- 

neach  plundered  the  Martini  of 

Mnmhain,  and  carried  off  with 

them    Forannan,  successor  of 

Patrick  from  Cluain  Comharda 

to  Luimnech,  and  thej  broke 

the  shrine  of  Patrick. 

It  was  in  this  year  Turges  was  Chip.  XIV. 
taken  prisoner  hj  Maelsech- 
lainn.  He  was  drowned  af^r- 
wards  in  Loch  Uair,  Le.  in  the 
year  before  the  drowuing  of 
NiaU  Caille,  and  the  second 
year  before  the  death  of  Feidh- 
limidh^  son  of  Crimhthainn. 
Ailer  Turges  was  killed,  Fo- 
rannan went  fix>m  Mumhain  to 
Ardmacha,  and  the  shrine  of 
Patrick  was  repaired. 

The  foreigners  came  to  Ros-  Ch«p.  XV. 
crea  in  this  year,  on  the  feast 
of  Paul  and  Peter,  and  the  fair 
had  then  begon,  and  they  were 
given  battle,  and  the  foreigners 
were  defeated  through  the  grace 
of  Paul  and  Peter,  and  immense 
numbers  were  slain ;  and  Earl 
Onphile  was  struck  with  a  stone 
there,  so  that  he  was  killed 
thereby.  Some  of  the  men  of 
Mumhain  were  fasting  to  propi- 
tiate  Paul  and  Peter  the  night 
before.  Much  evil  and  distress 
was  received  from  them  and 
received  by  them  all,  which  is 
not  written  here. 

Q  2 


228 


APPENDIX  ▲. 


TheFng-       ICancocap.  tctp.fain  lofi^ef 
bS^  rf*^  crobul  moîi  ve  WorvchinanTiaib 

Ldnster.      fOfl     boiTIT).         Ra     hlTl'Op.eT) 

lofigef  aile  cofifiagaib  ţx)ţi 
Lot  ii6cha£.  Ha  1iiTii>fieT> 
leofaiT>e  co  GCţi'OTnacha,  octif 
fux  lofqpec  CCţi-omacha  ţ»iTi, 
ocuf  fux  haifi^eo.  T^xinic  îma 
lon^ef  aile  co  OCchcliach  ocnf 
na  tiiTi'oţveT)  leofai'oe  TTla^ 
Laiţen  octif  TTlag  mbfie^,  ectţi 
rhuoca  ocuf  cella. 

tkcnic  T)na  lofigef  ba  liti 
om'Dafcn'De  co  0Cchclia6  băof . 
Ra  hin-DiieT)  leofaiT)e  iifiino|\ 
Cjien-o  Ulii.  Ra  hiiroţveT)  leo 
Dna  îli  ColuimciUi.  Ra  hin- 
'Dfieo  leo  iTiif  îîluţvi'oaiţjoctif 
T)afnini|',  ocuf  ţlenn  va  hota, 
ocuŢ  Lapri  mii  co  OCdoDtifv, 
ocuf  co  hOCchoDfhbo,  octif  co 
Lnocb  ÎTIo^aeinoc,  ocuf  co 
"Oaifie  Tno|i,  ocuf  co  Cluam 
[pe|ica]  TTloltia,  ocuf  co  Roff 
cfve,  ocuf  co  Lochţva,  co  ţio 
bfiiffifec  fqiiTi  RtioDain,  ocui* 
co  (XuaiTi  mic  noij*,  ocuf  co 
^cn^iji,  octif  co  X)i|vnia5. 


Chap. 
XVII. 


Chap. 
XVUI. 


Txmic  lofi^ef  o  l>aifniiiiic 
1  ti-oefcepr  f)h€>j[iefiT>,  cop,  in- 
pifeu  Bcele^  TTlichil,  octii*  Inif 
padilifiT),  OCHI*  T)ifiti|vc  "Ooti- 
noin,  octif  Cluaifi  moţi;  co 
fio  maţibfoc  RuD^aile  mac 
l^ţiebtat'bi,  ocuf  Cofimac  mac 
delbai^  ancboţxa.  If  'oeffi'oe 
ţia  hofloic  an^el  ţx)  •oi,  ocuf 
ivofcefi^loirtf   na  ^H  cat 


There  caine  afierwardfla  veij 
great  âeet  of  Northmen  on  tbe 
Boind.  Bregia  and  Midhe  wen 
plundered.  Thencameanotha' 
âeet  and  settled  on  LochnEocfa- 
ach.  AU  was  plundered  bjthem 
83  &r  aa  Ardmacba,  and  Ard- 
macha  itaelf  was  burned  and 
plundered.  There  came  theo 
another  âeet  to  Ath-diath,  and 
by  them  were  plundered  Ma^* 
Laighen,  and  Magh  mBregh, 
both  country  and  churches. 

There  came^  alao  a  âeet  stfll 
more  numeroua  than  ihose  to 
Ath  Cliath.    The  greater  part 
of  all  Erinn  was  plundered  by 
them.    Moreover,  Hi  of  Caluo- 
dlle  was  plundered  by  tlem. 
There  were  plundered  by  'ihem 
Inis-Muridhaigh,  and  Daixnhi- 
nis,  and  Glenn  da  loch,  aa4i  all 
Laghin  to  Achadhur,  aa^  ^ 
Aghamhbo,  and  to  Lîath    Uo- 
chaemog,  and  to  Daire  M6r^  ^ 
to  Clonfert  Molua,  and  to  E2oo- 
cre,  and  to  Lothni^  where   'thej 
broke  the  shrine  of  Ruadan^  *d<^ 
to  Clnainmicnois,  and  to     S^' 
ghir,  and  to  Dirmhagh. 

There  came  a  âeet 
Luimnech  in  the  aouth  of  E^HoDt 
they  plundered  Soelig  MîcXimI» 
and  Inis&llen,  and  Diaert  jOv* 
nain,  and  Cluain  M6r.  ..^ 
they  killed  Budgailey  aoc»  ^ 
Trebhthaidhey  and  Coimac  ^ 
of  Selbach,  the  anchorite.  ^^ 
was  he  whom  the  angel  set  I^XM^ 
tmce,  and  the  âjreignen  b9<^ 


1  Tkm^  came.    1  un  indebted  «bo 
to  Mr.  HexmmKy  for  oometing  the 


tfronoons  yonioo  of  thU  ptMifi  ^^ 

aboTO,  p.  ie, ».  e. 


I 


APPENDIX  A. 


229 


Tiuoijii.    Tla  timtifieD  leo  -ona 

Coficaiţ  octir 

octif  CiTi-omoiia 

octif  OCâoTD 


him  each  time.   M oreover,  Cor-  The  Fng- 
caigh  was  plondered  by  them.  ?•"*  ^  ***• 

j  j  i-i.        Book  of 

ana    .     .    •    •     •    and  Cinn-  Leintter. 

mara  and  Achad    .    .     ,    •  — 


The  remainder  of  this  fragment  is  so  much  defaoed  that 
only  a  few  words  and  sentenoes  bere  and  there  can  be 
read.  AII  various  readings  of  any  consequenoe  whidi 
have  been  detected  in  what  is  legible,  have  been  men- 
tioned  in  the  notes  under  the  text. 

The  following  coincides  with  chapters  xx  and  xxi  of 
the  text,  p.  18-21,  8upra. 


Tkmccccaji    lOfVfain    "Otib- 

5enT:i  "Dcmoyvoa 

fou  po  h6|veii'D,  OCHI*  ţiabocrccfi 
OC  TMCOfl  Tia  piTi-DgetiT:!  .  .  . 
.  .  .  .  fio  mayibţxxc  coic 
mili  T)0Tia  piTi-ogenT:!  oc  Snam 
CCipiefi.  'Comic  t)na  lofiţef 
oile  coţux  gaib  i  Ciap.tiai5i, 
octif  tia  biTi-ofiex)  leo  co  Ltim- 
r\et.     Ha  hinDfieD  leo  Cell 

Ira Caffel 

na  ţiig,  octir  aiţieD  Ce6r- 
fioige,  octif  Liac-mo-âaeTnoc. 
In  aiTnfifipei'olimi'DTnicC|iim- 
uhainn  "oa  fionair  na  hmlc 
fin. 


oc  Offjfiuait). 

Ra  bfiiffeca|v  Dna  "Dalcaiff 
coc  fOfif.o  foţi  *0e|i5T)eific. 
Ha  bfiiffecaţi  -ona  htii  HeiU 
cat  aile  foţiţio  oc  CCfiT)  Oftec- 
cain.  Ra  mayibfoc  T>na  hi- 
Cholgan  Haalb  laţila.    'Cuc 

•ona CafTil  6fi 

foţifio,  octif  Loficon  |vt  Gogen 
cat  T)Oib  oc  Sciaic  tledcam, 
•DU  hi  cofvcaip,  conaift    .    .    . 


After  that  came  Black  Gen-  Chap.  XX. 
tile  Danars,  [and  spread  them- 
selves]  over  Erinn,  and  they 
aimed  at  driving  out  the  White 

GentOes they 

killed  five  thonsand  of  the  White 
Gentiles  at  Snamh  Aighnech 
Another  âeet  then  came  and 
landed  in  Ciarriaghe,  and  all 
was  plondered  bj  them  as  £bu*  as 
Luinmeach.  And  there  were 
plundered  by  them  CiU  Ita  .  . 
.  .  and  Cashel  of  the  Kings, 
and  the  eastem  district  of  Cech- 
traighe  and  Liath-mo-Chaemoc. 
It  was  in  the  time  of  Feîdh- 
limidh,  son  of  Crimhthann  that 
these  evils  were  done. 

atEssmaîdh. 

The  Dalcais  gained  a  battle 
over  them  at  Dergdeirc.  The 
Ui  Neill  gained  another  battte 
overthem  at Ard-breccain.  The 
Ui  Colgaa  kiUed  £arl  Banlbh 
.  .  .  .  of  Cashel,  made  a 
slaughter  of  them ;  and  Lorcan, 
king  of  Lagbin  [defeated]  them 
in  battle  at  Sdath  Nechtain, 
where  was  killed  the  Tanist  • . . 


Chap. 


230 


APPENDIX  A. 


The  Frag-       Of  chapter  xxii  only  the  f oUowing  fiturment  remains  :— 

ment  in  the 

Book  of  y^  bjxiff  -ona gaîned  a  batde 

over  them  in  which  were  slain 


Leixuter. 


VOfifio,  "OU  1  uoţicaiji  fecc  cec. 

Ra ţx)ţifvo  oc 

"Daiiie  T)ipfir  -oa  conna     .     . 

fia  bp,iff  -ona 

Olchobaţi  octi|'  Cogcmacc  coc 
ţ?o|ifvo  ac  *Otin  TTlael,  vm  i 
coţicaiţi  c6ic  cec,  -oa  ţxoqvocaţi 
T>na  .ccclxxum.  la  hui  pt)- 
5iT)ci.  "Oa  fiocţiacaţi  "ona  .ce. 
•Dib  la  Ciannacca,  oc  Inif  pmt) 
TTlaic.  T)a  jxocfvacaţi  rma 
.CCC.  la  Ci€mna6ca  beof  icin-o 

mif PfiemoTiT), 

oc  Ttaic  CCl'oain.  Ra  bfiiff 
•0110111  aelfechlamn  catpofijio 
oc  Rait  Chonimaiţi.  Ra  bjxif- 
fecofi  Ciajiiiai^e  Laaâţux  coc 

tX)|l|U). 


seven  hundred  .  •  .  over 
them  at  Daire-Disert-da-cfaon- 
na.  Olchobhar  and  the  Eogh»- 
nacht  gained  a  battle  over  them 
at  Dnn-Mael,  where  were  slain 
five  hundred,  and  three  hundred 
and  aeventj-eight  were  alain 
hy  the  Hui  FidhgentL  More- 
over,  two  hundred  of  them  were 
slain  by  th,e  Cîannachta  at  Inis 
Finn-Maie.  There  were  slain 
also  by  the  Cîannachta  three 
hundred,  ai  the  end  of  a  month 
•  .  .  Fremond,atRathAldain. 
And  Maelaechlainn  gained  a 
battle  over  them  at  Rath  Cbom- 
mair.  The  Ciarraighe  Loachra 
gained  a  battle  over  them. 


Chap. 
XXUL 


The  foUowing  passage  which  gives  an  important  ooiree- 
tion  of  the  text,  in  chapter  xxiii  (see  note  3,  p.  22,  aupra), 
is  legible : — 


'Cainic  afifain  OCmlaib  mac 
fiig  Lochlann  ocuf  lofigef  lan 
mofi  leif  .1.  fin  •oecmoD  blia- 
Dain  fve  necHlaelfeclainn,  co 
|io  gaib  fii^  5all  hOpen-o, 
ocuf  if  leiff  fia  bo^oD  Con- 
chobaţi  mac  'Oon'ochaDa  fiig- 
•Domna  'CemfuiL  1f  lefin 
lofigef  fam  fia  memaiT)  cach 
Cluana  Daim  fofifna  T)eifib, 
•DU  1  cofitoifi  miocchi  na  «"Oefi 
uili.  1f  leo  fia  mcqibo^  mac 
Cinfaelao  fii  THtifCfiai^i  bfie- 
561T1,  ocuf  fia  mucaT)  TTliiiti- 
gefiti    [mac]    HeccabfioD    m 


Afterwards  came  Amhlaibfa» 
son  of  the  king  of  Locfalamif 
and  a  great  full  âeet  with  him, 
viz.,  in  the  tenth  year  before  the 
death  of  Maelaeachlaînn,  and 
he  took  the  eovereignty  of  the  fin 
reigners  of  £rinn,  and  it  was  by 
him  waa  drowned  Conchobhar, 
son  of  Donchadh,  heir  apparent 
of  Tara.  It  was  by  this  flcet 
that  the  battle  of  Cluan-daimb 
was  gained  over  the  Deşii,  io 
which  were  slain  all  the  chieft  of 
the  Deşii.  It  was  by  them  w« 
shiin  [the  son  of]  CenSid»^ 


APPKNDIX  A. 


231 


uaim.  1f  leo  |io  maţiboT) 
Coufi  piTiT)  lin  a  lon5po|iu. 
1f  leo  fva  mafiboD  TTlael^ala 
mac  'Ooin'Dgaile  ţii  Caifil  .1. 
a  T>fii]iTn  'DO  bfiiffeD  imchloic. 
Dopx^fiacapr  cţia  cofvqvacaii 
na  focai-oe  fin  fva  pţiti 
hCjvenn,  ocuf  na  coefig  feo 
^colpb,  ocof  Ona,  ocof  t^m- 
tiaifi,  octif  T^ufigeif ,  7c. 


"Canic  layifam  Oifli  mac 
1115  Lochlann  .1.  longef  lan 
mofi  aili,  octif  |ia  miUfec- 
foiDe  ufimofi  hCfienT).  "Oa 
cojvqunxxfi  foin  'ona  la  pţiti 
h6|ien'D.  "Oa  fiochaiţi  em 
Oifii  .  .  .  .  .  feţiaib 
TYlwniain.  1f  fi  fein  bliaTMxin 
1  copcaifi  Colphin  octif  longef 
Xhjin  îneooin  ...  a  Cinn 
Cwiifiic. 


king  of  Muscraîghe  Bregoin,  The  Fng- 
and  that  Muchtigheni,  8on  of  g^'^*^* 
Rechtabrad,  was  smothered  in  Leinster. 
a  cave.    It  was  bj  them  was      — 
kiUed  Caur  Finn  with  his  garri- 
son.    It  was  hj  them  was  killed 
Maelguala,  son  of  Dongaile,  king 
of  Cashel,  yiz.,  by  breaking  his 
back  with  a  stone.    But  that 
armj  was  whollj  destroyed  by 
the  men  of  Erinn,  and  also  their 
leaders,  viz.,  Scolf,  and  Ona,  and 
Tomrar,  and  Tnrges,  &c. 

Afterwards  came  Oisli,  son 
of  the  king  of  Lochlann,  viz., 
another  great  full  fleet,  and  they 
plundered  the  greater  part  of 
Erinn.  But  they  were  destroyed 
by  the  men  of  Erinn.   This  Oisli 

fell men  of 

Mumhain.  It  was  in  this  year 
that  Colphin  was  destroyed  and 
the  fleet  of  Don  Medoin  .  .  . 
at  Cenn  Cnrraigh. 


Chap. 
XXIV. 


Here  the  MS.  again  becomes  illegible,  but  afler  a  few 
lines  obliterated  we  can  decipher  what  followB : — 

Aedh  Finnliath,  son  of  Niall, 


tva  bfiiff  CCeD  pinT>liac  mac 
WeiH  cac  fojijio  [Gloss.  .1.  oc 
Loc  pebail]  "oti  1  roţxcaiyi  T)a 

ficex: ocuf 

fine  CCcD  ontili  in'omaf  ocuf 
machiuf. 


gained  a  battle  over  them  [a 
glass  adds  at  Loch  Febhail],  in 
which  fell  two  score  .... 
and  Aedh  took  aU  their  wealth 
and  goods. 


Then  follows  what  oorresponds  with  chapters  xxv  and 
xxvi  of  the  text. 


Tla Dna 

Login  ocuf  pţi  TTltiniain  la 
lon^ef  mic  GCmlaib  laţicoin, 
cofvfvocbracafi  Ciaţiiiaig  con- 


There 

Leinster  and  the  men  of  Munster 
by  the  fleet  of  Mac  Amhlaibh, 
afterwardS)  until  they  reached 


Cbap. 


t 


232 


APPEKDIX  A. 


The  Frag-  T»a  ţxrgfoc  uaifn 


ment  in  the 

Bookof 

Leixuter. 


Chap. 
XXVI. 


con  r^elac,  ocof  ni  ţxxţiqxxc  m 

con  iTi'D|veT), 

octif  fia  lofccro  Imlech  Ibaiţi, 
octif  fia  iTi'D|ieDfec  na  "Oefi 
•oefcific  -oe  fntii|i.  Ra  in-ofie- 
caji  in  lucc  ceoia  TYÎit)i,  octif 
Connacc  copxincacayi  Cofv- 
comţitiaT),  ocuf  Leim  Concu- 
lainx).  *0a  fiocţiocaji  |\xin 
tiile  beof  la  peţiaib  h6|venT). 
Tla  ctufieT)  anaji  -ona  oc  CCch- 
cliach  la  CCco  pinT)liac  mac 
Weill,  ac  in  ţieiv  va  ţiin^neî) 
la  CCe-D  T)a  mac  Ropiaill  in 
CCchcliou.  Ra  ctiiţifeu  pein 
•ona  cac  ecuiyifiti  .1.  pin-Dgenn 
octif  •Qtibgenci  .1.  baţiich  octif 
TYlac  Ragnaill,  -oti  1  copx;aixi 
TTlac  RagnaiU  octif  focaiT)e 
imme.  Ra  gonaD  baţiich  an-o, 
ocnf  ba  bacac  jiiarn  laţifain 
he.  Ra  hin-oaţibatc  -ona  "Otib- 
5enT:i  a  hCfiin'o  laţifain  octif 
T)o  chuacafi  in  Odbatn,  octif 
|io  bţiififf eu  cauh  fO|i  peţiaib 
CClbain,  T)ti  1  coficaiţi  Con- 
fcanxjtn  mac  CtnaeDa  afiT>yii 
CClbon,  ocuf  foâaite  mo|i 
maUe  fiiff.  1f  on-o  fain 
ţva  maiT)  in  calam  fo  feţiaib 
CClban. 


btii  immofiţio  ofunle  cum- 
fonoD  T>feţiaib  hOyien'o  ffii 
.xl.  mbli(n>onfi  can  inT>|ieT) 
Jall  .1.  o  |ie  niaelfeclainn 
mic  TTlaeliitianaiT)  co  fin  bli- 
oDain  fve  neţ  piain-o  mic 
TTlaelfeclainn  ocuf  co  ^abail 


Ciarraigh,  so that  tliey  left  nota 

cave witiioiit 

exploring  ît,  and  they  left  not  a 

thing w^tliout 

plundering  it,  and  thej  bamed 
Imlech  of  Ibar,  and  theyrava^^ 
the  southem  Deşii  from  the  8e& 
The  same  partyplundered  ]l£idlu 
and  Connacht,  nntil  they  reach- 
ed  Corcomruadh,  and  Leim^Con- 
culainn.  AII  these  were  like^ 
wise  killed  bj  the  men  of  Elrinn* 
Andagaintheywereslaughtered 

by  Aedh  FimUiath,  son  of  NîaH 
at  the  banquet  that  was  nuuie  by 
Aedh  for  Ragnall's  son  at  Ati^- 
Cliath.   Thentherewasab»ttl€ 

fought  between  themsdTes, 
the  white  Gentiles  and  the 
Gendles,  i.e.  Barith  and 
nall's  son,in  which  fell  Ragn^^'^ 
son,  and  a  mnltitude  with  liinx^ 
Barith  was  wounded  there,  and 
he  was  lame  ever  after.     Tli^ 
black  Gentiles  afler  this  ^^n 
driven  oat  of  Erinn  and 
to  Alba,  where  they 
battle  over  the  men  of  Albcs  ^ 
which  were  slaîn  Constantin^ 
son  of  Ginaeth,  chief  kîng   ^^ 
Alba,  and  a  great  mnltita*^^ 
with  him.     It  was  thea   ^® 
earth  biu*8t  open  under  the  ra€^ 
of  Alba. 

There  was,  howerer,  som*  ^^^ 
to  the  men  of  Erinn,  dnrin^  forty 
years,  wîthoat  ravage  fio*'*  ^*\ 
foreigners,  Le.  fiom  the  ti^**® 
Maelseachlaion,  son  of  îto^'*'^ 
naid,  to  the  year  befor^  " 
death  of  Flann,  son  of  3^^' 


APPENDIX  A. 


233 


TI151  -oti  WiaH  gltm-otib  .  .  . 
ocuf  ©ojcma^u,  octjf  Coţico- 
•Duitmi  cctcf)  txjfifio,  oc  .  .  . 
.  .  .  vti  1  uoficaiţi  CCfcalc 
Puqfvalt,  ocuf  .cec.  imnii,  octif 
SmufitiH. 


sechlainn,    and     ontdl     Nîall  The  Fng- 
Glunndubh  became  king  .   .   .  ™«**  ^  tk« 
and  the  Eogbanacht  and  Corco-  Leixuter. 
duibhni  [gaîned]  a  battle  over      — 

them,  and in 

which  fell  Ascalt  Putrall,  and 
300  witb  bim,  and  SmnrulL 


We  can  then  read  veiy  distincily  chapters  xxvii  and 
xzviii 


Xkaiic  loţifam  lofijef  cro- 
ball  moţi  6I01TIT11  Imaifi  iti 
OCfrcliac,  octif  ţwx  hm-ofieo 
otijifnoţi  bOfienT)  leo.  Ra 
vmVj&o  em  leo  CCţi'OTnaca,  ocuf 
fva  b|ii|Yecayi  cccc  ţx)ţi  ţMonT) 
mac  ÎTlaelfeclamT),  vn  1  coţi- 
caifi  CCeo  mac  C<mcbobai|i 
ocuf  Lejiguf  mac  CfitiTiT)mael 
epfcop  Cilii  •oaţva,  octif 'Ooh'd- 
coo  TTIael  aba*  "Oelgga.  In 
bliaDam  yia  po  ma|ib  ÎTlael- 
feclaiTTD  fain,  ţia  baiyigex) 
■ona  ocnf  fia  loijxîe'o  LefTp  mofv 
leo;  fin  blia^ain  cema  fia 
baiţigcT)  Cluain  uama,  octif 
|va  maţibaD  peji^al  mac  pin- 
Tiacca  epfcob  ocuf  abaD  Clu- 
cma  ucnna,  ocuf  Uanati  Ceţiin 
in  fecnabb.  Sin  bliaDaiT)  fain 
ţio  majibaT)  "Don-DcbaD  mac 
'OuibDabaiţienT)  yii  Caffil, 
octjf  ^tigţwro  mac  Imaiyi  fii 
^aU.     TTIofi    cfia    -ostile   -oa 


There  came  afler  this  a  pro-  q^^^^^ 
digions  great  fleet  of  the  sons  XXVII, 
of  Imar  to  Ath-Cliatb,  and  the 
greater  part  of  Erînn  was  plun- 
dered  bj  them.  Ard-macha 
was  spoiled  by  them,  and  thej 
gaîned  a  battle  over  Flann  son 
of  Maelsechlaînn,  in  which  fell 
Aedh  son  of  Conchobhar  and 
LerguBson  of  Grundmael,  bishop 
of  Cilldara,  and  Donnchadh 
Mael,  abbot  of  Delgga.  In  this 
jear  this  Maelsechlainn^  died, 
Lismor  was  plundered  and 
bumed  bj  them ;  in  that  same 
year  Cluain-uamha  [Cloyne] 
was  plnndered,  and  Fergal  Mac 
Finnachta,  bishop  and  abbot  of 
Cloain-namha  was  slain,  also 
Uanan  Cerin  the  sub-abbot.  In 
this  year  were  killed  Donnchadh 
son  of  Dubhdaboîrenn,  king  of 
Cashel,  and  Singrad,  son  of 
Imar,  king  of  the  foreigners. 


^  McuUechknnn,  The  MS.  contracta 
fhlB  word  TU  aelf .  The  sentence  heie 
Beems  evidently  to  want  Bomething; 
the  confusioii  appean  to  have  arisen 
trom  the  contracted  names  TTlaelp. 
for  Maelfebhail  [the  daughter  of  Mael- 


■echlaiim],  and  TTlaelfi  for  Mael- 
Bcchlaînn.  There  cannot  be  a  donbt 
that  the  original  was  In  bliorocan 
fia  po  mcqfvb  Tîlaelpebcnl  mgen 
Tîlaelfeclainn.    See  note  •,  p.  29, 


2S4 


APPENDIX  A. 


The  Frag-  fiOTîfoc  '^aiU  im  h6|venii  if 
Bwk^f ^*  in  blicroaiTi  fin. 

Leiluter. 

^^  'Ccmic  moţi  coblac  la  Tlccg- 

XXVIII.  nall  mac  Imaiyi  octif  la  hOc- 
nţi  laţila  cofiţiajbaifeu  ţx)ţi 
Coch  "oa  Caec.  Ra  maţibaD 
leo  "OomnaH  mac  "Otmchcroa 
yiijDomna  Cafil,  octif  fia 
ţiaiTTOfec,  ocuf  fia  huroţiifeu 
htia  Caţipţii  octif  Tntifc|iai5i 
ectififia.  Rafcailfeuiaţifain; 
a  rfiian  i  Coţicaiţ,  octif  a 
cfiian  1TÎ  Inif  na  hOmaigi, 
ocuf  a  qiian  foţi  ţ^f^^Ti'o. 
Ra  hm-ofiex)  imoţifio,  .  .  . 
laffin  lon^ef  fin,  cona  fiaba 
cene  o  Lui  fODeff .  If  leiffin 
longif  fin  jia  maţiboD  ţeben- 
na6  mac  GCeoa  ţii  na  ConaiU 
5ab|ia,  ocuf  fiucfac  a  cen-o 
leo,  tin'De 


TTloTi "De  t>o  mm 

CC  bei(  oc  t^bomonţi 

Pe 

TTIin'o  am^ia  iap.caiTi  'oemain. 

GCnle  mac 

Carhain  ţii  Uachni  .... 
octif  Longfei  mac  8[euna] 


Great  evilB  did  the  foreigne» 

perpetrate  -în  Erinn   in    thu 

year. 

There  came  a  great  fleet  with 

RaghnaIl,son  of  Imar,^  and  with 

Ottir  the  Earl,  and  theylanded 

at  Loch  da  Caech  [Waterford]. 

Domhnall,  son  of  Dimchadh, 

heir  apparent  of  Caahel,  was 

killed  b j  them,  and  thej  divided 

and  ravaged  Carbre  and  Mus- 

craîghibetweenthenL  Thejse- 

parated  afterwards ;  one-third  of 

them  in  Corcach,  and  a  third  in 

Inis  na  hEidhaighi,  and  a  third 

in  Glaslinn.     [AU    Mnnster] 

was  plundered  bj  that  fleet, 

so  that    there  was  not  a  fire 

fW>m  the  Lee'  southwards.    It 

was  bj  this  fleet  that  Greben- 

nach,  son  of  Aedh,  king  of  Ua 

Conaill  Gabhra,  was  slain,  and 

thej  carried  his  head  with  them. 

whence, 

Great    ....    O  God  of  heavcn 
That  Tommr  should  have  it 

Behold 

Illtifltiious  gem  of  the  west  of  the  iroiid. 

Anle,  son 

of  Cathan,  king  of  Uathne  •  . 
•  .  •  and  Longsech,  son  of 
Setna 


The  two  MSS.  B.  and  D.  which  have  been  foilowed  in 
the  text,  interpolate  bere  (see  chapter  xxix,  eupra,  p.  33) 
a  long  passage  containing  severa!  cbronological  criteria 
which  have  caused  great  confusion,  as  they  do  not  at  all 
square  with  the  exploits  of  Rnghnall  and  Otter.     In  L., 


1 8(m  of  Imar.    Called  "gnndson  1      *  The  Lee,    See  above,  p.  81. 
of  Imar,**  p.  31  «tipra.  |  word  Lui  aignifies  a  rÎTer. 


The 


APPEKDIX  B.  235 

however,  aJl  this  is  omitted,  and  chapter  xxix  consista  The  Fng- 
only  of  the  following  passage : —  ^!^  ^^^^ 

Ra  cucccaii  m  Cdboin  laţi-        Thej  went  after  that  înto  ^'°'^' 
T^iTî,  ocuf  racfoc  piyi  CClbcm     Alba,  and  the  men  of  Alba 
coc   'Doib,  ocuf  |ia  TnaţibcrD     gave  them  battle  and  they  were 
oTiT),  .1.  Ro^aU  ocuf  Oiruifi.      killed  there,  viz.,  Raghnall  and 

Otter. 

BaghnaU  and  Otter  must  have  landed  at  Waterford 
about  A.D.  916,  and  were  slain  in  Scotland  the  year  fol- 
lowing. But  the  interpolated  passage  in  the  text  speaks 
of  events  which  must  be  dated  about  866  to  869.  This 
is  a  remarkable  proof  of  the  ahtiquity  and  value  of  the 
MS.  Îl,  and  renders  it  matter  of  great  regret  that  the 
fragment  here  published  is  all  that  now  remains  of  it. 


B. 

Chronology  and  Genecdogy  of  the  Kinga  of  Munater  arid 
of  Irelandf  during  the  period  of  the  Scandiriavicm 
invaaions. 

The  list  of  Elings  of  Munster,  given  în  chap.  ii.  of  the  fore-  Kings  of 
goîng  work,  as  also  the  list  of  the  Kings  of  Ireland,  gîven  chap.  ^^^^fi, 
iii.,  are  no  part  of  the  original  Chronicle,  bat  were  subseqnentlj  DanuL 
interpolated  hy  some  early  transcriber.     This  is  evident  fromWan. 
the  fact,  that  the  older  form  of  the  text,  in  the  fragment  of  the 
Book  of  Leinster  (Append.  A.)  mentions  only  the  first  and  last 
of  the  series  of  Munster  Kings,  ^  and  the  first  only  of  the  Sove- 
reigns  of  Ireland,  omitting  all  the  intermediate  names. 

Oiiioll^  Olnm  was  the  first  of  the  family  of  Heber,  son  of  Mi- 
lesius,  who  found  himself  in  undisputed  possession  of  the  throne  of 
Munster  (a.d.  237),  and  by  his  will  he  ordained  that  hîs  king- 
dom  should  descend  in  alternate  succession,  to  the  posterity  of 
bis  sons,  Eoghan  (or  Owen)  and  Cormac  Gas* ;  provided  only 


^Kingt.    See  p.  221.  Part  III.,  c.  65,  p.  82S.    Vallancey** 

s  OUiott.    Hifl  name  is  often  written  Collect  Voi.  I,  p.  426,  **  On  the  Law 

AiUa  (u  p.  59),  or  AUm,  and  AUioL  of  TanJstiy.'* 

^  Cormae  Cat.    0*Flaherty*8  Ogygia^ 


236 


APPENDIX  B. 


Kings  of 
Moiuter 
during  the 
Danish 
Wtn. 


that  the  elder  and  more  capable  of  governing,  «hoald  alwajs  be 
elected  out  of  each  race. 

Thîs  rule  was  observed  for  some  generatioos  with  toleraUe 
regularity,  and  it  is  alladed  to  in  the  acconnt  given  of  the  valcnr 
and  privileges  of  the  Dai  Cais,  chap.  zii.  of  the  foregoing  worL 
Tbe  rale,  however,  it  should  be  observed,  did  not  impoae  an 
absolute  law  of  hereditary  succession ;  the  chieftain  waa  elected^ 
in  everj  case  bj  the  tribe  or  clansmen :  but  thej  oould  legallj 
elect  onlj  from  among  those  who  were  entitled  to  the  throne  bj 
hereditary  descent. 

It  is  easy  to  see  that  such  a  law  of  succession  contained  within 
it  abundant  elements  of  dissension :  and  it  was  not  long  untîl  the 
sons  of  Eoghan  and  the  sons  pf  Cormac  Gas  regarded  each  other 
as  nvals,  and  separated  into  hostile  parties.' 

Hence  it  happens  that  the  lists  of  Munster  ISngs  that  have 
come  down  to  us  dîfier  considerablj'  ;  the  Chronicler,  accordisg 
as  he  was  of  the  Dalcassian  or  Eugenian  race,  necessarflj  re- 
garded some  of  the  opposite  succession  as  usurpers,  and  there- 
fore  omitted  them  from  bis  Ust.  The  chronology  of  theîr  reigiu 
was  also,  in  like  manner,  handed  down  with  much  unoertainţjr, 


^Elected,  See  Ogyyia,  p.  67,  and 
Cnny's  preface  to  Uie  BaUU  ofMagh 
LenOf  pnbliahed  by  the  Celtic  Societj 
(1856). 

OUioU  Olam. 


•  PartiâB.  Tbe  f ollowing  Table  mftj 
aesist  tbe  reader  to  vndentand  tbe 
politice  of  these  liTal  dans  :— 


Eogbân  m6r. 

SL  A.D.  250; 

anceetor  of  the 

Eogbanachta. 


Cormac  Cas. 

SI.  A.D.  260; 

ancestor  of  the 

Dal-Caifl. 


[ 

Cian. 

SL  A.D.  250; 

ancestor  of  tbe 

Cianacbta. 


See  OgygiOf  p.  828,  and  the  Genealo- 
gica! Tablee  m  Mr.  Cnny's  Batde  qf 
Magh  Lena:  bnt  eepedally  the  yalu- 
able  Genealogical  Table  of  the  Mnnster 
famUies  descended  from  Oilioll  Olnm, 
p.  841,  of  Dr.  0'Donoyan*s  BaUU  qf 
Magh  Rath^  pnbliahed  \xj  the  Irieh 
ArcheologicalSocietyinl842.  Oilioll 
Olnm  ia  said  to  have  had  eeven  tone 
by  hia  wife  Sadbh,  danghter  of  Con 
of  the  hundred  flghts,  and  twelve  bj 
oiher  women. 


•  Cofwuienx6^.  See  eomeezcelknt 
remarks  on  this  snbject  in  tbe  artiele 
alreadj  referred  to,  on  the  Law  of 
Tanietry,  hi  Yallancey's  CoDect,  Voi. 
L,  p.  469  sq.  Thia  valnable  peper 
was  written  bj  Dr.  J.  O'Brio,  titilar 
or  R.  C.  Bishop  of  CloTne,  aotbor  of 
the  well-known  Iriflh  Dtctionary.  Bat 
it  is  pnblished  bj  Vallancef  ^  ^ 
own,  withont  any  mention  of  tbe  reel 
anthor. 


APPEKDIX  B. 


237 


from  Bimîlar  eauses.    The  dates  were  usually  ascertaîned  bj  Kings  of 
adding  together  the  reîgns  of  the  kings  who  lived  within  a  given  ^^^^^^j^^ 
epoch ;  bat  two  sach  kings,  each  regarding  the  other  as  an  Daniah 
nsQxper,  f requently  reigned  over  their  respective  partizans  con-  ^"^ 
temporaneooslj :  and  the  lengths  of  their  reîgns  were  verj  dif- 
ferently  computed  according  to  the  party  to  which  the  historian 
or  bard  who  recorded  their  exploits  belonged. 

And  these  sources  of  conâision  are  unfortunatelj  of  great  anti- 
quity.  In  the  Book  of  Leinster,  a  MS.  of  the  12th  century,  there 
is  a  list  of  the  Kings  of  Monster,  the  most  antient  (I  believe)  that 
is  now  known  to  exist,  having  been  written  probably  at  the  close 
of  the  1  Ith  centiuy.  Nevertheless  we  find  that  even  in  thaţ  age 
the  sucoession  and  chronologj  of  the  Munster  Kings  was  obscure. 
The  compiler  of  this  list  firequentlj  inserts  names,  with  the  note 
<<  secnndum  quosdam ;"  and  often  omits  the  lengths  of  the  reigns, 
probabljr  becanse  he  was  unable  to  ascertain  them  with  accuracj. 

It  maj  be  instructive,  as  illnstrating  what  has  been  said,  if  wo 
compare  the  list  of  Manster  Kings,  given  above  (eh.  ii)  with  the 
corresponding  portion  of  this  antient  list  of  them : — 


Book  ofLehutârA 

1.  e.  Airtri,  son  of  Cathal. 

2.  Tnathal,  son  of  Airtri.    xiiii.    Se- 

emdum  quoidam, 
8.  e.  FeidbHxniâli,  son  of  CriomUuum. 
xzTii. 

4.  e.  Oloobhar,  son  of  Cinaedh.    iii. 

5.  o.  Algenain,  son  of  Dongal.     iii. 

6.  m.  MaelgnaU,  son  of  DongtL  viii. 

A  Northmannis  occisns  est  Mael- 
gnala. 

7.  ••  ICaelfathATtaigii.     x. 


Ikmiah  Wart,  c,  ii. 

1.  Airtri,  son  of  Cathal,  son  of  Fin- 

ghoine. 

2.  Fddhlimidh,*  son  <^  Criomthann 

[aocepitregniun'819=820L  Uit] 

8.  Olcobhar,  son  of  Cinaeth.  [Ob. 
849.    4M.] 

4.  Ajlgenain,  son  of  DongaL  [Ob. 

851==85d.'  4M.] 

5.  Maelgoala,  son  of  DongaL     [SL 

A.D.  857==:859.    4  M.] 


^  Book  qf  Leuuter,  In  this  List  the 
RoBum  nomerals  at  the  end  of  the 
names  denote  the  number  of  jears  of 
each  prince*s  rdgn.  It  is  to  be  ob- 
served  also  that  the  letters  e  or  m  axe 
pveflzed  to  each  name,  according  as  the 
individual  in  question  died  a  natnral 
death  (6c)  or  was  killed  (maţiba6) ; 
ia  some  caies,  when  the  manner  of  his 


death  was  onknown,  neither  letter  ia 
prefixed;  and  there  are  some  in  which 
the  letter  seems  to  have  been  f  orgotten. 
The  nnmbers  prefixed  to  each  nama 
are  added  bj  tiie  Editor  for  the  con- 
venience  of  ref erence. 

^FtidhHmidh,  He  reigned  27  ycan, 
and  died  A.D.  847.  See  chap.  ziv,  p. 
16,  n^mi. 


238 


APPENDIX  B. 


Kingsof 
Maoster 
(Inring  the 
DaniBh 
Wan. 


B00&  <2f  jLetMter. 

8.  e.Ceimfaeladb,Bonof  Mochtighem. 

xiii.  Ri  TU  aman,  7  abb  Im- 
leca  Iboitie— ["  King  of  Mun- 
ster,  and  abbot  of  Imleach  of  Ibar** 
(i.e.  Emly)]. 

9.  e.  Dunchad.    zvi. 

10.  Dubhlachtna,  son  of  Maelgoala. 

11.  Fingoine,  son  of  Dubhlachtna.' 
i.e.  Cendgegain.  yi.  Ocdtu^  per 
dohtm.    Anno  Dni  DecccvUL 

12.  Connac,  son  of  Cnlennan.    vii. 

ta  Ceţvbail)  mac  Tnaiţvegein, 
^15  Loiţen  "DO  fiocha^  Ck>ţvmac 
1  cac  tnaige  OClba.  Pach 
OClbe  tw)^  maţiba-o.  "Cormac 
fell  in  the  battle  of  liagh  Alba, 
nnder  Cerbhail,  son  of  Muir^gein, 
Ung  of  Leinster.  Fiach  Albe 
kiOed  hhn." 
18.  Flaithbhertach,  son  of  Inmainen. 

14.  e.  Lorcan.    ix. 

15.  Ceallachan  Caisil.     z. 

16.  Maelfaethartaigh,  son  of   Donn- 

chadh.    iii. 

17.  m.  Dubhdabairend.    iL 

18.  m.  Fergraidh,  aonof  ASIgenan.*  t. 


19.  m.  Mathgamhain,  son  of  Cennâ- 

digh.    ziiii. 

20.  m.  Maelmuadh,  son  of  Bran.    iL 

21.  Biian,  son  of  Cenneidigh.  zzziiL 

OC  moţiboT)  1  ooc  cofuro  Clnan 
caţib  la  Losen  7  ţaHa: 
'*  KiUed  in  the  battle  of  the  weir 
of  Clnan-tarbh  hj  the  Leinster- 
men,  and  the  foreignen." 


Damth  Wartf  c  ii. 
6.  Cennfaeladh,  son  of  Uarcfaadh^i 
[Ob.  870=872.     4  M.] 


7.  Donnchadh,sonofDnbhdabhoiraiiL 

8.  Dnbhlachtna,  son  of  MidgoiU. 

9.  Fingnine,  son  of  La^gfasire,  nir- 

named    Cenngegain,    [or  goose 
head.] 
10.  Cormac,  son  of  Cmlenotn. 


1 1 .  Flaithbhertach,  son  of  lonmhtiniD. 

12.  Lorcan,  son  of  Connligan. 

18.  Ceallachan,  son  of  Boadhschia. 

14.  Maelfathartaigh,  son  of  Bnn. 

15.  DabhdabhoireannfSonofDomIuialL 

16.  Fergnudh,  son  of  Clerech. 

17.  Donnchadh,  aon  of  CeOach.  [M 
Cellachan]. 

18.  Mathgfaamhaîn,son  of  CenmMigb. 


19.  Brian,  son  of  Cenneidigh. 


^Murehadh.  He  is  called  son  of 
Maelgnala,  son  of  Mochtighem,  in  the 
Dnblin  Ann.  of  Innisfallen,  872.  The 
4  M(  caii  him  Ua  Mmctighern,  Le. 
grandson  of  Mochtighem.  Keating 
and  the  Book  of  Leinster  make  him 
son  of  Mochtighem. 

'DuMIodlIna.  In  the  margin,  in  a 
later  hand,  Vf\^  Lae$aiTie,  **son  of 
Laeghaire.** 

*  Oecimu,     The  words  printed  in 


italics  are  added  hy  a  more  ncat 
hand  in  the  MS. 

*'  Ailffman,  In  the  list  giYai,cbip. 
ii.,  above,  he  is  caUed  "son  of  Clincb." 
To  discuss  or  ezplain  dlffereoM  of 
this  kind  would  be  inconsistent  with 
the  mles  laid  down  for  editon  of  tbii 
series  of  Chronides.  Bot  the  nider 
mnst  not  condnde  that  snch  ducR- 
pandes  cannot  be  ezplained. 


APPEKDIX  B.  239 

On  compariog  these  lists  it  will  be  observed  that  the  Book  of  Kingt  of 
Leinster  gives  three  kings  (Nos.  2,  7,  and  20)  who  are  not  recog-  Mniist«r 
nised  in  the  list,  chap.  ii.  supra  :  and  this  latter  list  on.the  other  Danish 
hand,  has  one  king  (No.  17)  not  found  in  the  Book  of  Leinster.  Wan. 
Of  these  Tnathal,  son  of  Artri  (B.  of  Leinster  No.  2)  is  marked 
as  doubtfol, ''  secundam  quosdam,"  and  No*  20,  Maelmuadh  or 
Molloy,  as  baving  been  the  murderer  of  Mathgamhain,  or  Mahon, 
is  not  recognised  hj  the  Dalcassian  author.    Nevertheless  there 
îs  no  doubt  that  Maebnuadh  was  the  legal  snocessor  to  Math- 
gambain's  throne,  notwithstanding  bis  complicitjr  in  the  crime 
which  rendered  that  throne  vacant^ :  and  accordinglj  oor  author 
himself  in  one  place  (eh.  Ixvi.  p.  107)  gives  him  the  title  oi«King 
of  Munster — althoogb  the  compiler  of  the  list  of  kings,  in  eh.  ii., 
has  omitted  bis  name.    He  was  of  the  Eagenian  line,  as  Math- 
gamhain was  of  the  Dalcais,  and  therefore  according  to  the  law 
of  succession  established  by  the  will  of  Oilioll  Olum,  had  a  claim 
to  the  throne  of  bis  victim.     He  enjoyed  it  bot  two  jears,* 
baving  been  slain  by  Brian  in  the  battle  of  Belach  Lachta,  a.d. 
978.     Accordingljr  a  reign  of  two  years  is  rightly  assigned  to 
him  in  the  antient  list  of  the  Book  of  Leinster. 

Maelfathartaigh  (No.  7  in  the  same  list)  is  not  mentioned  in 
chap.  ii :  he  is  also  omitted  by  O'Dugan,'  in  his  poetical  list  of 
the  Kings  of  Munster.  The  chronology  of  the  Four  Masters 
gives  A.D.  867  as  the  year  in  which  his  predecessor  Maelguala 
was  stoned  to  death  by  the  Northmen :  and  870  as  the  year  of 
his  successor  Cennfaoladh's  death.  This,  if  we  give  Cennfaoladh  a 
reign  of  13  years,  as  the  Book  of  Leinster  itseif  allows,  leaves  no 
room  for  the  ten  years  assigned  to  Mael£stthartaîgh.  This  king's 
name  is  therefore  most  probably  an  interpolation. 

The  only  remaining  difTerence  between  the  two  lists  is  the  in- 
sertion  of  the  name  of  Donnchadh,  son  of  CeUach,  (which  ought 
to  be  Donnchadh,  son  of  Cellachan,)  in  chap.  ii.  He  was  the 
son  of  Cellachan  of  Cashel,  and  is  set  down  as  the  immediate 
predecessor  of  the  murdered  Mahon.  But  he  never  was  King 
of  Munster,  and  is  rightly  omitted  in  the  older  MS.  His  name 
has  evidently  found  its  way  into  the  list,  by  a  misinterprelition 


1  VaeaaL    See  above,  eh.  lix.  aq. 

•  Two  year»,  Mathgamhaiii  or 
Mahon  was  slain,  976.  See  Tigher- 
nach,  and  pp.  91  and  107  nqira. 


>  (/IhigaiL  John  ODnbhagain,  or 
0*Dugan,  was  chief  bard  to  the 
OJKeUys,  of  By  Many,  and  died  A.D. 
1872. 


240 


APPENDIX  B. 


KingBof 
Mmister 
dnring  the 
Dania 
Wan. 


of  an  entry  in  the  Annals  of  Ulster.  Hîb  death  is  there  reoorded 
at  A.D.  962  (=963),  in  these  words : — 

Mac  Cellachain  ri  Caisil  moritur.  TIm  ion  of  Cellachan  king  of  Cadiel, 

dies. 

where  the  words  ^'  King  of  Gashel"  evidently  applj  to  Cellachan, 
and  noi  to  his  son ;  and  we  may  make  the  same  observation  in 
reference  to  the  record  of  the  same  event  bj  the  Foor  Maştera. 
Their  words  at  their  year  961,  are, 

T)onnch(TD  mac  CeHacham  ţii 
Coipl}  vo  ^in    6   na   bfidtoiţi 


Donnchad,  son  of  Cellachan  king  of 
Caahel,  was  mortallj  woonded  by  hia 
own  brethren. 


It  is  therefore  clear  that  this  name  is  a  mistake^  of  the  inter- 
polator ;  and  it  is  moreover  inconsistent  with  the  text,  for  the  list 
of  kings  is  prefaced  bjr  the  statement  that  there  were  '^  eighteen 
kings  in  Gashel"  dnring  the  period  referred  to :  and  yet  nineteen 
are  enumerated ;  the  omission  of  this  sporions  name  is  therefore 
necessary  to  correct  the  discrepancy.' 

Bat  we  are  mainlj  ooncemed  with  the  date  of  Aîrtri,  son  of 
Cathal,  which  fixes,  according  to  our  aathor's  testimonj,  the  era 
of  the  Scandinavian  invasions. 

He  was  tenth  in  descent'  from  Aongos,  son  of  Nathfriach,  the 
first  Christian  King  of  Mnnster.  His  father,  Cathal,  son  of 
Finguine,  who  was  also  King  of  Mnnster,  died,^  according  to 
Keating,  dnring  the  reign  of  Aodh  OUan,  King  of  Ireland,  and 
therefore  before  the  jear  743.     Two  kings  are  said  to  have 


1  Mittahe.  The  Bodldan  Annala  of 
Tnlşfanan,  pabliahed  by  Dr.  O'Conor, 
Rtr,  Hih.  ScripU,  tom.  ii.,  give  the 
■une  record  at  A.D.  948.  **Mon 
Dnnehada  mac  CelUchaiii  ri  Caiail.** 
Bat  the  year  onght  to  be  950,  in  con- 
aeqnence  of  a  typographical  error  in 
all  Dr.  0*Conor*s  dates  to  these  annals 
from  A.D.  908  (p.  37  j^.)  ;  and  by  a 
further  enor  in  the  chronology  of  the 
anth^^  of  the  annak,  (pointed  ont  by 
Dr.  0*Conor  himaelf,  noU,  p.  48),  the 
year  960  of  thJa  annaliat  corresponds 
to  A.D.  968  or  964,  which  is  no  donbt 
the  tme  date.  The  Dnblin  Annals  of 
Inisfallen  (compUed  by  Dr.  O'Brien 
and  John  Coniy )  eseape  the  ambiguity 


by  calUng  this  chieftain  ^'Donnchadh, 
son  of  Ceallachan  of  Cashel,'*  and  rs- 
cord  his  death  A.D.  961  or  962. 

'  jDtfcre|NMcy .  The  copy  of  this 
worlc  in  the  Book  of  Leinster,  sayt 
"sizteen  kings.**  See  p.  221.  lliis 
is,  perhaps,  aome  accidental  error  of 
transcription,  nnless  it  may  mean  16^ 
between  Airtri  and  Brian,  excInsiTe. 

^Ducmt.  Seehisgeneslogyinthe 
Geneal.  Table  already  referred  to  in 
Dr.  0*Donovan'8  Battle  of  Kagb  Bstfa. 

^Dkd,  The  4  M.  record  his  dsath 
A.D.  787.  The  Bodleian  Annals  of 
Inisfallen,  at  780,  which  is  really  748, 
and  the  Dnblin  Annals  of  IniiÂdko, 
at  742. 


APPENDIX  R  24<1 

intervened  between  Gathal  and  his  son  Airtri,  to  the  sum  ofKlngsof 
whose  reigns  O'Dugan  assigns  a  period  of  29  jears.    If  thia  be  Munstcr 
ao,  and  if  Airtri  reigned  20  years,  as  all  the  authorities  assert,  Daniah 
afisuming  that  his  father,  Cathal,  died  in  743,  the  year  792  is  the  ^^^ 
latest  that  we  can  possîbly  assign  to  Airtri's  death. 

But  this  calcalation  is  far  from  satisfactory.  The  historj  of 
these  pettj  sovereigns  at  this  period  is  fiiU  of  confasion,  and  the 
nnmber  of  years  assigned  to  their  reigns  cannot  be  depended 
upon.    O'Dagan  gives  the  series,  thus : — 

Cathal,  8on  o'  Fingaine,  81  yean. 
Cathaaach,  aon  of  EdinceoU  [DriflcoU],  18  year». 
Maoldnln,  aon  of  Aodh  B«niiaiii,  18  years. 
Airtri,  aon  of  Cathal,  20  yean. 
Tnnathal,  son  of  Dungal,  14  years. 
Feidhlimidh,  son  of  Criomhthann,  7  years. 

But  the  antient  list  in  the  Book  of  Leinster,  alreadj  so  often 
referred  to,  puts  Cathasach  before  Cathal,  son  of  Finguine,  and 
gives  the  series,  thns : — 

Cathasach,  aon  of  Edirsceoil,  27  years. 

Cathal,  son  of  Finguine,  29  years  [adding  thi»  note,  "Some  say  that  Maol. 
duin,  son  of  Aodh  Bennain,  was  king  of  Monster."] 
Airtri,  son  of  Cathal,  20  years. 
Tnathal,  son  of  Airtri  [sec*,  qnosdam]  14  years. 
Feidhlimidh,  son  of  Criomhthann,  27  years. 

It  is  evident  that  from  authorities  exhibiting  such  discrepancies 
as  these,  both  in  the  order  of  succession  of  the  kings  and  in  their 
regnal  years,  no  safe  condusions  can  be  drawn.  But  it  for- 
tunately  happens  that  there  is  a  date  preserved  in  oar  authentic 
annals,  whîch  leads  to  a  surer  result.  At  the  year  819,  which  is 
A.D.  820,  the  Annals  of  Ulster'  record  the  accession  of  Feidh- 
limidh, the  last  of  the  above-named  chîeftains,  in  these  words : — 

Feidhlimidh.  mac  Cremhthainn  accepit  regnum  CaisiL 


^  Ultkr.  The  same  event  in  the 
«aroe  words  is  reeorded  in  the  Bodleian 
Annals  of  Inisfallen,  at  their  year  807, 
which,  in  conseqnence  of  the  error  of 
18  years  in  these  annals,  already  no- 
ticed,  is  equiralent  to  A.D.  820.  But 
it  is  curions  that  at  the  very  next 
year  808s=821,  we  have  a  record  of 
the  death  of  Airtri.  This,  of  course, 
is  misplaced ;  perhaps  the  entry  really 
belongs  to  the    precedtng   year:   in 


which  case  it  wonld  signify  that  there 
was  no  intervening  reign  between  the 
death  of  Airtri  and  the  accession  of 
Feidhlimidh.  Dr.  O'Conor's  edition 
of  these  annals  is  so  full  of  ca^less 
blnnders  that  it  is  dangerona,  without 
reference  to  the  original,  to  quote  it 
as  anthority,  and  no  inference  in  any 
dispnted  case  can  be  drawn  from  ies 
readings. 


R 


242 


APPENDIX  B. 


Kings  of 
Munater 
during  the 
Daniab 
Wars. 


Kings  of 
IreUad. 


This  jear  a.d.  820  maj  therefore  be  taken  as  Uie  year  of 
Airtri's  death,  and  800  as  the  date  of  hîs  accession  to  the  throDc, 
unless  it  be  trae  that  a  reign  of  14  jeare  intervened ;  in  whîch 
case  his  death  must  be  phiced  in  806,  and  his  aooession  to  the 
throne  of  Monster  în  786.  It  shoold  be  remembered,  howeyo-, 
that  the  older  list  of  kings  marks  this  intervening  reign  as 
doubtfuL  The  truth  may  be  that  the  reign  of  Tnathal  was  an 
usurpation  during  the  lif  etime  of  his  father,  Airtrî.  If  so,  Airtri 
began  hîs  reign  in  786  and  died  820. 

These  latter  dates  agree  very  well  with  the  expresa  statemeot 
of  our  author,  that  the  flrst  devastation  of  Ireland  by  the  None- 
men  took  place  in  Airtri's  reign ;  and  in  this  resnlt  we  miut 
acquiesce,  as  the  nearest  approach  to  accuracy  whîch  can  be 
ezpected  in  the  present  neglected  state  of  our  Irish  lecords. 

It  will  not  be  necessary  to  make  any  lengthened  remarks  on  the 
list  of  Kings  of  Ireland  gîven  by  our  author,'  or  rather  by  hU 
interpolator,  in  chap.  iii.  Their  genealogy  and  the  chronology  of 
their  reigns,  have  been  treated  of  by  Keating,  and  oonected 
with  great  learning  by  O'Flaherty.  But  it  may  be  conTeaient 
to  the  reader,  to  have  here  a  list  of  these  kings,  with  the  dates 
(acoording  to  O'Flaherty's  Chronology)  at  whîch  they  began  to 
reign.  And  we  shall  commence  the  liat  somewhat  eaiiier  than 
the  first  kîng  mentioned  by  our  author,  for  a  reason  that  will 
hereafler  be  apparent : — 

A.D.    768.  NiaUFrauach* 

T70.  Donnchod  mac  Domhnall. 

797.  Aodk  Oirmdhe. 

819.  Conchobhar. 

883.  NiaUCaUne. 

846.  MadMachlainn  mac  Maelruanoidh. 

868.  Aodh  FkmluUh. 

879.  Flann  Siomuu 

916.  NiaUGbmdnbJL 

919.  Donncfaadh,  «on  of  Flann  Sionna. 

944.  Congalach,  son  of  Maoilmithigh. 

956.  DomkmtU  (/Neiaj 


^  Our  mUhor»  See  eh.  iii.  p.  5,  aiipro. 

*  NiaU  Frauach.  This  king  waa 
9ih  in  desoent  from  the  celebrated 
NiaU  of  the  Kine  Hostagea,  who  was 
king  of  Ireland  A.D.  379-405.  See 
Table  I,  p.  245. 


•Bomknaa  aNeOL  It  was  thif 
Domhnall  who  fint  aaanmed,  as  a  nr^ 
name,  the  tiUe  of  0*Neai  [i.e.  gnadsi» 
of  Niall,]  fram  his  grandfather  NisU 
Glundubh,  or  NiaU  of  the  biack  knM, 
(not  from  his  remote  anoestor  NiaO  ^ 


APPENDIX  B. 


24.3 


A.D.  960.  MaelaeâchUinn,  son  of  DomhnalL  Kings  of 

1002.  Briam.  Ireland 

lOU.  MaclMachlmmn,  (restored  to  the  throne :)  died  1022.  ^uring  the 

Daniflii 

The  names  printed  in  italics  in  this  list  are  of  the  Northern  ^»n. 
Hjr  NeiD,  descended  from  Eoghan,  eon  of  Niall  of  the  Nine 
Hostages.  The  others  are  of  the  Southern*  Hj  Neill,  descended 
from  Conall  Crimhthann,  also  one  of  the  sons  of  Niall  of  the  Nine 
Hostages.  One  king  onlj,  whose  name  is  printed  in  capitala,  the 
celehrated  Brian  Bonimha,  was  of  the  race  of  Heber,  son  of  Mi- 
lesius,  and  of  the  Munster  family  of  the  Dai  Cais.  His  descent 
is  given  in  the  genealogical  Table  UI. 

It  will  be  seen,  from  the  foregoing  list,  that  the  rule  of  alter- 
nate snccession  between  the  two  rojal  fiunîlies  of  the  Hj  Neill 
was  observed  with  tolerable  regnlaritj  during  the  period  of  the 
Danish  wars.  The  only  exception  occurs  in  the  case  of  Conga- 
lach,  son  of  Maoilmithigh,  who  with  his  predecessor  Donnchadh, 
son  of  Flann  Sionna,  was  of  the  Southern  Hj  Neill. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  this  interruption  in  the  order  of  alter- 
nate succession  majr  have  been  owing  to  the  ambitious  intrigues 
of  Muircheartach*  of  the  leatber  cloaks,  who,  in  942,  made  a  cir- 
cuit of  Ireland  for  the  purpose  of  taking  hostages  from  the  pro- 
vincial chieftains,  in  order  to  secure  his  right  to  the  throne.  As 
the  then  reigning  sovereign,  Donnchadh,  son  of  Flann  Sionna, 
was  of  the  Southern  Hy  Neill,  Muircheartach,  according  to  the 
law  of  alternate  succession,  was  the  natural  heir  apparent.  But 
when  he  was  slain  by  the  Danes,  in  943,  the  hostages  he  hud 
taken  by  violence  were  liberated,  and  the  alteniate  right  seems 
to  have  been  set  aside. 


the  Nine  Hostageii).  In  the  next 
centniy  the  family  of  Brian  Bonunha 
aunmed  the  name  t>f  0*Brien;  and 
])atronymic8  of  the  same  kind  became 
nsnal  as  snmames  from  that  tune  to 
the  present  day. 

^Soutkem,  The  descendants  of  Niail 
of  the  Nine  Hostages  were  divided 
into  the  Southern  Hy  Neill,  who 
wttled  in  the  county  of  Meath,  and 
the  Northern  Hy  NeiU,  who  settled  in 
Ilerxy  and  Tyrone.  The  kings  of  the 
Soathem  Hy  Neill  were  Laogaire  (son 
of  Niall)  and  his  son  Lugaid,  with  17 


kings  of  the  race  of  Conall  Crimh- 
thann.  The  kings  of  the  Northern 
Hy  Neill  were  ten  of  the  Cmei  ConaiU, 
descendants  of  Conall  Gnlban,  son  of 
Niallţ  and  sixteen  of  the  Cind  Eogkavi, 
descended  from  Eoghan,  son  of  Niall, 
with  one  Idng  descended  from  Cairbre, 
son  of  Niall.  See  (?en«a^  7Vi6^I.&  II. 
s  Muircheartach,  See  the  '*  Circuit 
of  Ireland,"  edited  for  the  Irish  Aichae- 
ological  Society  by  Dr.  O'Donovan. 
Tracta  relating  to  Irdandy  Voi.  I., 
Dublin,  1841.  Comp.  chap.  xxxvii, 
p.  43,  supra. 

r2 


244  APPENDp;:  b. 

Kings  of  The  f oUowing  genealogical  tables  maj  be  naeful,  in  enabling 
Ireland  ^^  reader  io  understand  the  foregoing  narrative.  Thej  are 
Daniah  intended  to  exhibit  the  descent  of  the  different  clans,  and  the 
Wan.  relationship  of  the  chieftains  whose  jealousies  and  HMşflAa^tAna 
are  chronicled  in  the  present  work. 

In  Table  I.  is  shown  the  genealogical  descent  of  the  KÎDg» 
belonging  to  the  Northern  Hj  Neill,  of  the  Cinei  Eoghain  laee. 
The  other  dynastj,  the  Cinei  Conaill,  having  become  extinct 
before  the  period  to  which  this  work  relates,  are  not  given. 

Table  II.  ezhibits  the  descent  of  the  Kings  of  the  Southern 
Hj  Neill,  and  their  relationship  with  the  Northern  Hy  NeiU,  as 
the  of&pring  of  a  common  ancestor,  Niall  of  the  Nine  Hostages. 
The  names  of  the  Kings  in  Table  I.  and  IL  are  printed  in  small 
capitals ;  the  dates  annezed  are  the  jears  in  which  each  Kiog 
began  his  reign,  according  to  OTlaherty's  Chronology. 

It  wiU  be  seen  from  these  tables  (compared  with  TaUe  IIL), 
that  the  revolution  which  placed  Brian  on  the  thronCy  was  a 
violation  of  the  hereditary  rights  of  the  Hj  Neill,  oonfirmed  to 
them  hj  a  long  prescription;  and  that  the  annalist  Tighemach* 
was  fuUy  jostified  in  calling  it  a  rebeilioHy  although  perhaps  he 
did  not  mean  to  express,  b  j  that  word,  the  guilt  which  the  modem 
use  of  it  implies. 

Brîan's  descent  from  the  great  Munster  chîeftain  Oîlioll  Olum» 
King  of  Munster  in  the  third  centurj,  has  been  traced  by  Dr. 
O'Donovan  in  the  valuable  genealogical  table  of  the  Munster 
familiesy  which  has  been  âheady  referred  to.^  But  for  the  oon- 
venience  of  the  reader,  we  have  here  extracted  in  Tables  III., 
rV.,  and  V.,  the  principal  lines  of  descent,  showing  the  relation- 
ship of  the  chieftains  whose  names  are  mentioned  in  the  fore- 
going history. 


i  Ti^emadL    Ajmil.  A.D.  lOOf. 
Rer.  Hib.  Scr^y  tom.  iL,  p.  269. 
s  Rtferred  ta.    See  p.  236,  note ;  ând 


see  alflo  Cnrry's  BaUk  vf  Mogk 
p.  174. 


J 


APPENDIXB. 


S45 


KlKGS  OF  IBELAND  DESCENDED  FROM  THE  NOETHEBN  HY  NEILL 

(CiNEL  EOGHAIN  BrANCH). 


Geaealog- 
ic«l  table». 


"Nllll  of  THE  lams  hostages  (879). 

I 
Eoghan,irom  whom  the  tribe  was  called  Cinei  EoghAÎxi, 

I  or  Race  of  Eoghan,  and  thdr  coontry 

Moiiedach.  Tir-Eogliaui}  now  Tyrone. 


I 
Feradach. 

Fiachna. 
(616> 


MUIBCHJEBTACH  BCAO  EbOA  (513). 

I 


EOCHAIDH 

(666). 


DOMHNALL  (565).  FkBOUS  (565).  BOBTAH  (566). 

AODH  UabIODNACH  (605).  Ck>LMAH  RXMHB 

ICaolnthiic. 

Maeldoin. 

I 

Fbrgal  (711). 


AODH  Ollan  (734).  KiALL  Frassach  (763). 

AODH  OlBHIDHE  (797). 

KiALL  Cailne  (833). 

I 

AoDH  FraNUATH  (863). 


I 


KxAix  Glusdubh  (916). 


Domhnall,  ancestor  of 
the  HacLochlaum. 


Mnirchertach  of  the  Leather-doaks.  SL  943. 


Donnjlaith,  mother  of 
Maelsechloimi  II. 
(Introd.  p.  cliL  n.'.) 


Domhnall  0^eill(956). 


Aodh  O'Neill,  chieftain  of  AUech. 
SL  1003,  (pp.  121,  135). 


Mnirchertach,  heir 
of  Tara,  (p.  45 
iupra.)  SL983. 


1  Taih  I.  Thia  and  the  following  Table  exhibit  the  descent  of  the  kings  and  chieftains 
who  flourished  doring  the  period  of  the  Danish  wars,  as  enumerated  in  the  foregoîng  list. 
The  names  of  the  kings  of  Ireland  are  printed  in  capitala,  and  the  yearfl  on  which  each 
ragn  began,  withm  brackets.  **S1«"  aignifies  abdn;  **ob."  or  '*o.''  obiit.  The  names  of 
f  emales  are  iu  Italica. 

•r3 


246 


.  APPENDIX  b. 


G«nealog- 
ical  Tables. 


TABLE  II. 

KlNGS  OF  IrELAND  DESCENDED   FROM  THE  SoUTHERN  Hy  NeIU 
(THE    ClANN    CoLMAIN    OF    MeATH,    AND   THE    ClANN   AODfll 

Slaine). 


NlALL  OF  THE  HINE  H0STAOE8  (379). 


Conall  Crimhthaim. 
Fergus  Cearrbheoil. 

I 

DlABMAIT  (644). 

I 


1 

Eoghui  (See  TaNe  I.) 


Colman  in6r,  aiicestor  of  the  CUnn 
I  Colmain  (pp.  131, 181> 


AoDU  8LAi2rB(599). 


Sttibhne. 


I 

Blathmag 

(658). 


Conall  Guthbinn.  |  | 

I  CENirFAOLADU       SeCHVASAGH 

ArmedachCaech.  (671).  (665> 

Dîannait. 

Mnrchadh. 

DOMHNALL  (733). 


— I — 

DiABXAIT 

(658). 


Cernach 
Sotail. 

I 
Niall. 

FOOARTACR 

(722). 


Goncalach. 
Conaing. 

I 


— f 

Doonchid. 

I 

Fi053rAcim 

Flepacr 

(675). 


( 


Congalach.         Ixgtladi 


PONNCHADH  (770). 


Muiredach,  K.  of  Meath. 
o.  801. 


Maolrîianaidh.  Ck>NCHOBHAiR  (819). 

Haoubachlainn  I.  (846)  =s  Flann,  şist.  of  Cearbhall. 


I 
Amalgaidh. 

Conaing. 

CongaUch. 

Cellach. 

Flannagan. 

Maohnithigh. 


I 

CiXARH 

(724> 


Flann  Siohka  (879).        Conchobhair. 
I  SL  919  (p.  37). 


1 


Conaing. 
SI.  919. 
(p.37). 


DoNHCHADH  (919).         GormJUtitk, 

o.  948. 

Domhnall  =  Dom^laUh  (Table  I.). 

MAOLaEACHLAINK  II.  (980). 

Ob.  1022. 


CoNOAUkCH  (944).    DuMiL 
SI.  956       o.  942. 
(p.45> 
DomhnalL 

Congalach,  beir  of  Tan> 
SI.  978  (p.  45). 


APPENDIX  B. 


247 


TABLE  IIL 
Qenealogy*  of  THE  Dal-Cais. 


Genealog- 
ica! Tables. 


( 

22.  DonncuAD. 

SL948. 


23.  Conaing.  SI. 
at  Clontorf 
(pp.  185,209). 


1.  OUioU  Olum,  K.M.  (234). 

2.  Connac  Gas,  K.M.    SI  260. 
8.  Mogh  Gorb,  K.M. 

4.  Fercorb,  K.T. 

5.  Aongiis  Tirech,  K.T. 

6.  Lugaid  Menn,  K.T.,  ancestor  of  Dai  Gaia  Borumha 

I       (p.  53),  and  Glann  Luigdech  (pp.  181,  189). 

7.  Gonall  Echluaitb,  K.M.  (366). 

8.  Gas,'  called  Mac  Tail,  K.T. 


9.  Blod,  a  quo  Sil-mBlodli.        9.  Lagaid  Dealbh-nAodh 

10.  Garthenn  Finn.     First  i^°  n^^^K?"  "*  S! 

I    GbriBtian  chieftain.  ^^^^"^^^^  ^ 

11.  Eociaidh  BaiUderg.  ^J^  ^  J^^'  P' 

12.  Gonall  Glaon,  [or  Gaemh]. 

13.  Aodh  Gaemh,  K.M. 

14.  Gathal,  K.M.    Ob.  620. 

15.  Torrdelbach,  a  quo  Ui  Torrdelbaigh  (p.  97). 

16.  MatDgamhain. 

I 

17.  Anlnan. 

18.  Gorc. 

19.  Lachtna. 

20.  Lorcan. 

21.  Ginneide,  K.T. 

22.  Mathgamhain,  K.M. 

Murdered  by  O'Do- 
novan  976  (p.  91). 


22.  Brxan  (1002>  SL 
at  Glontarf 
1014. 


23.  Tadhg. 

I  SI.  102a 

24.  Torrdelbach. 

I  o.  1089. 


T 


1 


25.  Tadg. 


25.  Muirchertacb* 
o.  1119. 


23.  Donnchad     23.  Murchadh. 
o.  1064.  SI.  at  Glon- 

tarf. 

-;  24.  Torrdelbach. 

SI.  at  Glontarf. 


1  Gtnealogy.  See  p.  59  aupra,  The  letters  K.M.  denote  King  of  Munster; 
K.T.  King  of  Thomond.  The  nnmben  prefized  to  the  namee  ahow  the  gene- 
rationa  from  Oilioll  Olum. 

•e4 


248 


ÂPPENDDCa 


GenMloţ. 
ical  Tableo. 


TABLE  IV. 
SHowiNa  THE  Descent  of  Maelmuadh,  or  Molloy,  Lord  of 

DeSMOND,  and  HIS  RELATIONSmP  TO  BrIAN  AND  MATHOAMHAIN. 


1.  OilioU  Olnm,  K.M. 


2.  Eoghan  m6r,  from  whom  the  Eoghan-        2.  Gornuic  Caa,  t  qaa 

Lacht  of  Ciuhel  (pp.  68  n.  71).  Dai   Caii.    See 

MuiUeathan,  K.M.  260.  Table  IIL 

4.  OilioU  Flannbeg,  K.H. 

5.  Lugaid. 

6.  ConaJl  Corc,  K.M.,  ancestor  of  the  Eoghanachi  of  Locb  Lob 
I  (Killamey),  and  of  Moghagerrgin,  in  Mar  (SocCland). 


7.  Natfraich,  K.M.     7.  Gas. 

8.  Eochaidh,  from  whom  the  Ui  nEochadh  of  Monster  (p.  137). 

9.  Criomhthaim. 


8.  Aongns,  K.M. 

9.  Fedhlimidh. 

10.  Criomhtbann. 

11.  Aodh  Dubh. 

12.  Fingîn,  E.M., 
a  guo  Cinei  Fin- 
gine,  orEoghan- 
acht  of  CasheL 

13.  Sechnasach. 

14.  Colman. 

15.  Dubhdacrioch. 

16.  Criomhtbann. 

17.  Fedhlimidh, 
E.M.    o.  846. 
(p.16). 


10.  Aodh  Uargarbh. 

11.  Tighernach. 

12.  Fedllumidh,  K.M.,  577. 

13.  Fergus. 

14.  Bece.  a  quo  Cinei  mBece. 

15.  Ferdaleithe. 

16.  Conaicce. 

17. 

18. 

19. 

20. 


I 


OilioIL 
Cucongeilt. 
Concobhar. 
Cathladh. 

Spellăn. 


OiUolL 

Bran. 
I 


21.  Donnchadh, 
ancestor  of 
O'Donogbne. 


21. 

22. 

23. 

24.  Maeîmuadh,  SI.  978  (pp.  65,  sq,  108,  «g.) 

25. 

26. 


10.  Laoghaire. 

11.  Aodh  aer«ch. 

12.  Cairbre  RUstrim. 

I 

13.  Clairenach. 

14.  Selbach. 

15.  Ealaithe. 

16.  Dnnlang. 

17.  Anblelthe. 

18.  Flaitbnia. 

19.AoW 

20.  Dabhdaboirenn,  K.1L 
1      SI.  967. 

21.  Domhnall.    Commandadfb« 


forces  of  Desmond  at  Cloii- 
tarf.    BL  1016.  (p.  218). 


Cian.    (See  p.  213). 

Mathgamhaini  ancestor  of  Ui  Mathgamhna,  or  O^HUbaof» 


APPENDIX  B. 


249 


TABLE  V. 

ShOWING  THE  DESCENT'  OF  THE  FaMILY  OF  O'DONNABHAINN,  OR 

O'DONOVAN. 


Genealog- 
icalTables. 


S.  Daire. 
9.  Fintait. 

10.  Conall,  a  quo  Hy  Conaill 

I    Gabhia  (p.  81  tupra), 

11.  Aida. 

12.  Biennan. 

13.  Cenofada. 

14.  Nechtan. 

15.  Aengus. 

16.  Donennach. 

17.  Ere. 

ia  Flann.     Ob.  755. 

19.  Scaimlan.     Ob.  781. 

20.  Dunadhach,  C.H.F.     20. 

anâC.H.G.a.  Ob. 
885.     [See  p.  9]. 


1.  OmoU  Olum,  K.M. 

2.  Eoffban  in6r. 

3.  Fiacha  MnOleathan. 

4.  Oilioll  Flannbeg. 


I 


5.  Daiie  Cairbe.  5.  Lugaidh.    (See 

6.  Fîadia  Fîdhgente,  a  quo        "^^^^^  ^'^  ^^'  ^)- 

I  Hy  Fîdhgente. 

7.  Brian,  K.D. 


I 

8.  Cairbre  Aebhda,  a  qno  Hy  Cairbre  (pp.  75, 

9.  E«|.  ^9,  87). 

10.  Cennfaeladh,  C.H.C.    First  Chriatiaii  chieftain. 

11.  Oilioll  Cennfada  [Le.  long-head]. 

12.  Lalpe. 

13.  Aongos. 

14.  Aedh. 

15.  CmzmmaeL 

16.  Eoghan,  C.H.F.    SI.  A.D.  667. 

17.  Aodh  Boîn. 

18.  Dabhdabhoirenn,  G.H.F.    Ob.  A.D.  750. 

19.  Oennfaeladh,  G.H.F.    Ob.  A.D.  767. 


Niall,  C.H.C. 
Ob.  846.    [See 
p.9]. 


20.  Cathal,  C.H.C. 

21.  Uainighe,  C.H.G. 

22.  Cathal,  C.H.F. 

23.  Donnabhaiim,  C.H.C.)  t  quo 
O'Donoyan.  81.977(pp. 
75,  85  9q.) 


24.  Ingen  (a  daughter.) 

25.  Donnabhaiim.    Son  of  Imar, 

Ung  of  the  Danes  of  Water- 
ford.    SI.  995. 


24.  Cathal.    Fought 
atClontarfl014. 


>  DeseenL    The  letten  C.H.F.  denote  Chief  of  Hy  Fidhgente.    O.H.G.G.  Cfaief  of  Hy 
Conaill  Gabhrs.    C.H.C.  Chief  of  Hy  Cairbie:  aee  p.  87.    K.D.  King  of  Desmond. 


250 


APPENDIX  C. 


C. 

Maeiwuuch-  Moelseachlainu' 8  description  of  the  Battle  of  Clontarf 

from  the  Bruaaels  M8. 

Tl}e  followîng  is  the  passage  from  the  BnisseLs  MS. 
alluded  to,  page  182,  note  ',  supra,  which  is  given  here 
for  the  reason  there  assigned.  The  corresponding  portion 
of  the  text  extends  from  p.  182,  line  1,  td  p.  1 98,  line  28 : 


lainn^s  des- 
cription of 
the  battle. 


Ifecr6  afbeafic  Tîlaelfeac- 
laiTiT) ; — ^Woca  npacafa  cat 
maţi  â,  ociif  noca  cuala  a 
Tnacafaifila,  ocuf  c\v  aiti^el 
T)ă  vo  T)iTh  vo  befuro  a  ctiaţv- 
«fcbdil  af  •oicp<eiT)iTh  letn  mă 
T)o  be|i<r6;  aer  aoT)  nî  aţva 
TTJOftla  înaiftiffi  ca\r\ ;  cm  ran 
fio  coTn|iaicercaft  tia  caca  a 
cceD6ip,  |io  ^ab  cac  05  qfieo^- 
vcco  a  caile  po  ce7)6ip,  T)îb, 
octif  -DO  bî  ţofic  T)eaîi5  qfiebca 
ecqiaitiT)  ocuf  fioD,  ocuf  om 
CfitiaT>gaot  ei|vchi'6e  cai|ifib 
cticcaiiin,octif  T)i  poi-oe  na-pea* 
f.if  a  mbleâgca  b6  t)6  T)â  ba 
bamoţi  an  con  nac  rxiubţio* 
vume  von  vă  cat  aitfie  ţx)|i 
a  c^le  51*6  â  a  mac  tio  a  bţid- 
taiţi  bti'D  corhţXKîctif  v6,  ace 
mtitia  TXticca^  aţi  a  ^iit,  ti6  a 
piof  aige  an  ciona^  1  mbiai'6, 
ap,  na  Ifona^  tiile  enţv  agai'6 
ocuf  cenT)  ocuf  â-oac,  "oo  bţuion- 
jâil  na  ţx)la  ţX)îi|vtianrianT)a 
la  pogluafacc  na  ^aice  glan- 
ţtiai|ie  bdt  caippb  cu^aînn. 
Octif  51*  engnarh  bn-d  dil 
TDâinn  "DO  "benamb  nf  peDţa- 
niatf ,  T)6ig  ţvo  cen|glai€,  ocuf 
fio  cmbfii^c  a|i  n^ae  6f  ap 


CnL  Thns  said  Maelseacli- 
laim),  "Never  did  laee  a  battle 
hke  ity  nor  have  I  heard  of  its 
eqtial;  and  even  if  an  angel  of 
6od  from  heaven  attempted  its 
description,  it  seems  doubtfnl  to 
me  that  he  coold  give  it  But 
there  was  one  thing  attracted 
mj  notice  there;  when  the  bat^ 
talions  first  met  in  conflict,  eacfa 
began  to  pierce  the  other,  and 
there  was  a  red  ploughed  field 
between  us  and  them,  and  the 
sharp  wind  of  the  spring  from 
them  towards  ns ;  and  we  were 
not  longer  there  than  it  woold 
take  to  milk  a  cow  or  two 
cows,  when  no  man  in  either 
host  could  recognise  anotber, 
even  though  it  were  his  son 
or  his  brother  who  was  next 
him,  unless  he  heard  his  voice, 
or  knew  the  place  where  he  was, 
so  covered  were  all,  both  faoes, 
heads,  and  garments,  with  drof» 
of  gory  blood,  borne  bj  the  dear 
cold  wind  that  came  from  tbem 
to  us.  And  even  if  we  wished 
to  perform  any  valorons  deed, 
we  could  not  do  it,  for  cur 
spears  over  onr  heads  had  be- 


APPENDIX  C. 


251 


ccen-oaib,  •opolcaib  na  bpeaft, 
fio  fh-o  ocuf  |io  capaitiT)  ifi 
^aot  cii^aitin  aţi  na  txefccob 
•DO  clai'bfhib  coilgTrffigib,  ociif 
'DO  ruogaib  caitieacaib,  ^ţi 
bo  Vet  tnoTiaiti  •o^inn  ţ6ir\ 
beiu  05  fiei'6iiÎ5a7)b  ocuf  05 
raiâneâ  aţi  cqiom'o^aile  6 
c6ile. 

Imtâfa  Conainţ  mic  "Otitnn- 
ction;  vo  lonfatg  Tîlaol- 
Tnop,'6a  mac  IHtiiicbata  ţiî 
Lai§en,  octif  "do  maţibo^  moţi- 
an  va  rxaey  gţitoa  let  aţi  let 
aţi  a  mbălaib,  octif  "do  ^otiof» 
1  ccac  na  lâiţieac  Conaiti|g  an 
ran  b6i  ag  an  ccomţiac.  Ocof 
Şăţi  beo,  cticc  cumaţx:  octjf  ţil 

î^iS®^  S^P*  t^ice^«P'  comcţii- 
nm  ţie  6ăile  j>o  claocl6T)  a 
ceţic  btiille  .1.  Conain^  mac 
"Oumnctian,  ocuf  THaolmoţi'ba 
mac  nitiţichata  ţiî  Laijen. 


Imtufa  Connaci;;  -do  gaba- 
caţi  ţ:âin,  octif  501II  CCta  Cliac 
aţi  coThmaţibcr6  a  c^le,  ocuf 
ba  ţmaiU  naţi  b6  comaiiT:im 
T)6ib  uile  let  aţi  leat,  octif  if 
ă  pn  imbuaUro  T>ei'oenac  b6i 
aţi  Cluain  'Caţib.  Octif  nî 
T)eachai'6  "Don  "oana  cat  "do 
caocaţi  501II  CCta  Cliat  ann 
aţi  aen  ţiian  aer;  nonbaţi 
amâin,  octif  ţio  lenfoc  lucc 
ciţe  rxiits  I  Ceallaiţ  laD  igtiţi 
moţibfoc  a  ccinn  -oţioichiT: 
CCta  Citat  IOD  .1.  Tyţioicecc 
X)tibjjaill. 


came  clogged  and  bound  with  Maelmach- 

the  human  hair,  whichthe  wind  '■!""*•  ^^ 
,  -  j    i»        j  •     X  cnpnon  of 

Dlew   and   forced  against   ua,  the  battle, 

being  cat  awaj  by  well-aimed  ^°>  the 

swords  and  gleaming  axes,  so  ^g^ 

that  it  was  half  occnpation  io       — 

ourselves  to  be  disentangling 

and  extricating  oor  spear  shafis 

from  one  another." 

CV.  The  feats  of  Conaing, 
son  of  Dunncnan. — Heattacked 
Maolmordhay  son  of  Murchadh, 
King  of  Laighin,  and  a  great 
number  of  the  men  of  rank  on 
both  sîdes  were  slain  in  the 
£ront  of  them ;  and  Conaing  was 
woonded  în  the  battleof  the  men 
in  armour,  while  fighting  them. 
In  a  short  time  he  encountered 
the  King  of  Laighin,  so  that  they 
fell  together,  annihilated  by  the 
vehemenceof  eachother's  blows, 
t\e.,  Conaing,  son  of  Dunncuan, 
and  Maoknordha,  son  of  Mur- 
chadh, King  of  Laighin. 

CVI.  The  feats  of  the  men  of 
Connaught ; — They  and  the  f  0- 
reigners  of  Ath  Cliath  took  to 
mutually  killing  each  other,  and 
there  were  few  of  them  all  that 
did  not  &11  on  either  side.  And 
this  was  the  decisive  defeat  in- 
flicted  at  Cluain  Tarbh ;  for  of 
all  the  foreigners  of  Ath  Cliath, 
who  went  to  that  bold  battle, 
there  escaped  not  by  any  route 
but  nine  persons  only;  and  the 
followers  of  Tadhg  O'Cellaigh 
pnrsued  them  nntil  they  slew 
them  at  the  head  of  the  bridge 
of  Ath  Cliath,  t«e.,  the  bridge 
of  Dubhgall. 


252 


APPENDIX  C. 


MaeUeach- 
lainn's  des- 
cription  of 
the  batUci 
from  the 
BnuselB 


X)ala  iTno|i|ia  comlainT) 
ocuf  ecca  cm  cota  fit),  ni  fn6 
na  05  *Oia  acâ  a  pif ,  6ifi  ^ac 
aon  if  nfi6  aga  mbia*  a  pŢ 
lX)|^q^acap,  fie  caile. 

Imctjfa  iîno|ifto  THaftcai'b 
tnic  bfwain;  ţio  gab  in  f.15 
iTiîleaT>  -oa  claiTMifi  ctiicce  .1. 
clai'oeih  gaca  taifia  7)6,  uaip. 
ifâ  fin  "otiine  7)61561106  fio  ba 
coitn'oef  ryă  -oeif  ocuf  va  clî 
in  Cfiinn,  ocuf  if6  'DUine  "0615- 
enac  ac  ififiaibe  an  f?îfi  ^aif- 
ceccb  in  Gftinn  ă.  If  â  cuce  a 
bfieitifi  ţ?îft  laîch  nac  b6fiaf> 
aen  qfioi§  ceichix)  fie  fan 
cinei6  n'Daenna  tiile  afi  corha 
afi  bit  ace  afi  aen  coiha  .1. 
5onia6  cînnre  leif  gon  âg  cfiâ 
bite.  If  â  •Dtiine  "Deigenac  ifi- 
fiaibe  coinlann  c6d  in  Cfiinn 
e.  If  â  "otiine  "oeigeanac  fio 
mofib  c6d  in  6n  16  in  Gfiinn 
â.  If  â  coifc^m  -oeigeanac 
fiacc  an  fîfiJaifceD  a  coif- 
câim.  *06i5  înnific  fenchaiT)e 
na  nţaoi'bel  gtifiab  ni6ifife- 
ifefi  amail  THuficbob  coih- 
lann  mic  ^aihaîn,  octif  moifi- 
feifefi  mafi  mac  8amdin  com- 
lanT)  L6§a  Ldga,  octif  moifi- 
feifefi  mafi  Lâ§  Lâga  com- 
lanT)  ConaiU  Cefinaiţ,  octif 
m6ififeifefi  mofi  Conall  Cefi- 
nac  comlann  Luţa  Cdmfxroa, 
ocnf  m6ififeifefi  mafi  L^^ 
Lâmţxroa  comlam)  ^ccaifi 
mic  Pfiiaim,  ocuf  50  ma6 
laDfin  ni'deatia  an  gaifci'd  6 
râf  •Domain,  octrf  cona  beit 
an  pfiimgaifce*  fioim  Occaifi. 
Hob  6  pn  an  cOcraifi  înrfam- 


But  the  fall  eyents  and  ex- 
ploits  of  that  battle  are  known 
to  God  alone;  for  every  ODe 
else  who  was  acqu^ted  with 
them  fell  there  together. 

CVI.  The  feats  of  Mnrchadh, 
son  of  Brian ; — ^The  rojal  war- 
rior  had  with  him  two  sworda, 
t.e.9  a  sword  in  each  hand ;  for 
he  was  the  last  man  in  Erinn 
who  was  equallj  expert  in  the 
ase  of  the  right  hand  and  of  the 
leftţ  and  he  was  the  last  man  in 
Erinn  that  had  tnie  valour. 
He  pledged  the  word  of  a  tnie 
hero,  that  he  would  not  retreat 
one  foot  be&re  the  race  of  all 
mankind,  for  any  reason  in 
the  world,  except  this  reason 
alone,  that  he  could  not  help 
dying  of  his  wounds.  He  was 
the  last  man  in  Erinn  who  was 
a  match  for  a  hundred.  He 
was  the  last  man  who  killed  a 
hundred  in  one  day  in  Erinn. 
His  step  was  the  last  step  which 
true  yalour  took.  For  the  his- 
torians  of  the  Gaedhîl  reiate 
that  seven  like  Morchadh  were 
equal  toMac  Sambain^iund  seven 
like  Mac  Samhain  were  equal 
to  Lugh  Lagha ;  and  seven  like 
Lugha  Lagha  were  equal  to 
Conall  Ceamach ;  and  seven 
like  Conall  Ceamach  were 
equal  to  Lugha  Lamhfada ;  and 
seven  like  Lugha  Lamh&da 
were  equal  to  Hector,  the  scm 
of  Priam ;  and  that  these  were 
the  degrees  of  championship 
since  the  beginning  of  the 
world,  and  that  before  Hector 


APPENDIX  C. 


253 


lai$6ec  na  bGp^nn  ap,  ^ail, 
ap,  ţaifcef),  ap.  eitiec,  ap  eti- 
^(Xfh.    Hob  6  an  8amhtx)n 
foaipxî,  fegainn,  focumainn, 
faep,băpac  na  nObpai'oe  pe  a 
p^ă  ţ:6in,  octjf  p^e  a  aimpip. 
Rob  6  pin  an  cCp^oil  rotac- 
cac  canaifce  p.o  pqiiop  octif 
px)  TMldicpiJ  piafca  ocup  co- 
p.acaip.  na  hCp^enn,  \\jo  fîp. 
loca  ocup  lînnce  ocup  uarha 
na  poola  pon'oaip'oe  ap,  na 
p,aibe,'oîn  no  T)i5enn  ipin  'oo- 
man.    Rob  â  an  Wg  LdrhpaDa 
coriicopiiiail  p.o  linţ  ţac  vo- 
caip,  ocup  po  lomaipgef»  qp.6n 
eipioTh  le   lompxro    ocup   le 
pcpiop   5all  ocup  allmap,ac 
a  b^înn.     Rob  â  an  coihla 
coca  ocup  an  -oop  "oi-oin,  ocup 
cm  c6p,T)  bp6ice   bfo^bar»  a 
odap'da,  ocup-  a  cineoil  eip- 
piuîh  pe  a  p6. 


O  TK)  connaipx:  'ona,  an  pig- 
tiiile*  piO  calma  piOrhâp,  pin, 
ocup  an  cup,  cpeccac  cpa6a 
comnepmiap  in  imepopcain, 
ocup  an  ppitolaih  cocpac 
■Oanaip.  ocup  aamapxxig  pop, 
T)6l  cCaip.  CCp  map,  bdp,  no 
map.  bitainirh  vo  p,onapcaip, 
•Dopoîfi  pin  .1.  comop-Dcro  gaU 
ppm.  Ocap  p,o  gab  pepcc 
•Dîocpxi  T)^ni6p  â,  ocup  po  ţab 
mâD  menman  ocup  ai^enra, 
ocup  acpacc  a  6n  gatle  ocup 
^aipaî),  ocup  rucc  puatap 
rpic  raippcec   nnnepnac  \x> 


there  was  oo  illustrious  cham-  Maelseach^ 
pionship.   He  [Murchadh]  was  ^^p^''/^ 
the    metaphorical    Hector    ofthebattie, 
Erînn  in  valour,  in  champîon-  5[^™  *^® 
shipy  m  generoffltj,  in  munifi-  ms. 
cence.    He  was  the  pleasant,      — 
intelligent,  affable,  accomplished 
Samson  of  the  Hebrews,  in  his 
own  career  and  in  his  time.   He 
was  the  second  powerful  Her- 
cules who  destrojed  and  exter- 
mina ted  the  serpents  and  mon- 
sters  of  Erinn,  which  infested 
the  lakes,  and  pools,  and  cayerns 
of  Fodhla,  whom  no  fortsor  fast- 
nesses  in  the  world  could  resist. 
He  was  the  Lugh  Lamhfada, 
who  like  him  sprang  over  every 
obstade,  and  by  his  prowess 
cut  away  and  exterminated  the 
foreigners  and  pirates  out  of 
Erinn.    He  was  the  gate  of  ba.t- 
tle  and  the  sheltering  tree,  the 
croshing  sledge'hammer  of  the 
enemies  of  his  fatherland,  and 
of  his  race  during  his  career. 

CVn.  When  this  very  va- 
liant,  yery  great,  rojal  cham* 
pion,  and  plundering,  brave, 
powerful  hero,  saw  the  crushing 
and  the  repulse  that  the  Danars 
and  pirates  gave  to  the  Dai 
Cais,  it  operated  upon  him  like 
death  or  a  permanent  blemish, 
namelj,  the  conflict  of  the  fo- 
reigners with  them,  and  he  was 
seized  with  boiling  terrible 
anger ;  and  greatness  of  spirit 
and  mind  seized  him ;  and  his 
bird  of  valour  and  championship 
arose;  and  he  made  a  brave, 


254 


APPENDIX  C. 


Maeteeach-  cat  na  nallmaţvac,  arhail  'oaih 

^ption^^  TMon  T)eiT!înT)eDaâ  T)afacrac  aţi 

thebattle,  na  ţabdil,  no  ontiail  leornan 

^j;™^     lonn  leaDaţitac  lucrnati  Idn 

MS.  calma  cjiaiceţi  mă  cuil^nnaib, 

—      no  maţv  boţibfiuacaţv  btJînne 

•Dilenn  bţiifef  ocuf  bfiui^ef 

gai  nî  stifa  ţiic.     Ocuf  fiti^ 

beţin  cufio*  ocuf  locaţv  inilix) 

qfi6  coc  na  nallîhtifvac,  ocuf 

ţx>ifV5lir  a  eafcafiaiTX  vă  âifi 

.1.  fenchai'6e  na  njall  ocuf 

Lai^en,  ţuţi  tuic  caoca    "od 

■beif  ocuf  caoca  vă  tU  T)on 

fvtiatafi  fin,  octif  ni  015  beitn 

"DO  neoc  ace  aen  beim,  ocuf 

nifv  gab  fciac  no  luifiec  no 

cacbaţifi   ţ\i\   beini  T)îb  gan 

le6t>  cop,p,  ocuf  cen-omullad 

•  inafiaen  "olb.     Cit)  qfia  aer  -oo 

cuai-d  qfiăf  an  ccac  fiaţi  ţx) 

rjxî  ariilai'6  pn. 


Ho  lenfor  ă  annpn  T)arii- 
nai'6  "Dion  -Diftilain^  cloinne 
Lu^Dac  TTÎinT),  ocuf  jaitian- 
fiai-D  glon  gafca  găjiţiara, 
5ala6,  gnîotiiaâ  jaiţiccbeaDa 
.1.  a  tejlaâ  htrb  •oein  .1.  fecr 
pcic  meic  p.ig  Wccap,  ina 
ceţlaâ,  ocuf  ţeoţi  cţiioca  c6d 
an  |»fi  fa  I6ja  •otichaij  iMb. 
Ro  lenforap.  6  50  hait,  otlarh , 
imecqfiom,  ^o  nibenai6  bonn 
ffiî  niei'6e  octif  mei^fti  fţil  bonn, 


vigorous,  sudden  rush  at  a  bat- 
talioD  of  tbe  pîrates,  like  a  vio- 
lent, impetuous,  forions  oz  that 
is  about  being  caught;  or  like  a 
fierce,  tearîng,  swift,  all  power- 
ful  lioness  deprived  of  her  cuba ; 
or  like  the  roii  of  adelaging  tor- 
rent  that  shatters  and  smashes 
every  thing  that  resists  it ;  and 
he  made  a  hero*8  breach  and  a 
soldicr's  field  through  the  bat- 
talion  of  the  pirates ;  and  his 
enemies  testified  after  him, 
namely,  the  historiana  of  the 
foreigners  and  Laîghin,  that 
there  fell  fiftj  bj  bis  right  hand 
and  fiftj  bjhifl  left  in  that  onset 
Nor  did  he  adniinister  more 
than  one  blow  to  anj  of  them ; 
and  neîther  shield,  nor  coralet, 
nor  helmet  resisted  any  of  these 
blows,  which  clâve  bodies  and 
skolls  alike.  Thos,  three  times, 
he  forced  his  waj  backwards 
through  the  battalion  in  that 
manner. 

There  followed  him  then  the 
great  impetuoos  phalanz  of  the 
Clann  Lngdach  Menn,*  and  the 
purely  brave,  livelj,  valiant, 
active,  fieroe  championa,^  viz., 
of  hia  own  hoosehold ;  that  is, 
seven  acore  sons  of  kîngs  who 
were  in  hia  own  household,  and 
the  man  of  amallest  patrimony 
among  them  was  a  man  of  a 
baronj.'  They  followed  him 
aharply,  quicklj,    lightlj,   so 


^  Clan  ÎAtgdaeh  Menn, 
Table  III,  No.  6. 


See  Geneal. 


>  Champiom,    Ut,  **  Gamandraid.'' 
See  note,  p.  166,  tupra. 
s  BcaroMf.     See  note,  p.  190. 


APPENDIX  C. 


255 


ocuf  cenv  pţii  ceriT),  ocnf  cnef 
Vîii  cîief  "oa  Tiâif  gac  conaiţ^ 
iTia  ccâi^  -oif ,  ocuf  Qf  ţ^^lf 
ţio  famlooxaYi  fein,  octif  fen- 
TMioine  OOca  Clioî;  bdrDafi  cep, 
na  fceiîhliB  aga  tT^^*»  cotidîi 
bo  lia  le6  feţvţxcai  6  liieictl 
m6fi  oDbail  eDaţvbuaf  ag 
buain  ^ifvc  qiîoD  abait,  cit) 
■Dd  câD  TIO  qfii  taro  ţvo  5p,ei- 
fcea  ţxii  T)iabtiain,  ma  ţx)lc  of 
gaoit  eTXifibtiaf  uacaib,  aţi  na 
leox)  ocuf  afi  na  leDiuro  -do 
tuogaib  cpoma  cai'dleaca, 
ociif  T)o  clai'Dinib  lamneţita 
lafcmila. 


Coni*  aiîie  afbejicmac  CCrh- 
laib  bat  a^  rceithlib  a  tV^^om- 
am  Tp6in  octif  6,  ţd  fipegot, 
af  lîiait  benair  na  goiH  an 
gorvc,  afi  fâ,  ag  ţr^ga*  aţv 
ingin  Oţvioin  .i.  ben  rheic  CCm- 
laib,  oifv  af  ioni'6a  feţxţicalac 
emifibtiaf  tiaifcib. 


Ci^  qfia  ace  baraţi  aţi  in 
nnefoţigain  fin,  ocuf  aţi  in 
lombtialat)  6  tfidt  eifiţe  co 
biaţindin  .i.  an  cc6in  bîof  mtiip. 
ace    caile    ocuf    ace  rp^dţa. 


that  they  touched  foot  to  neck,  MaeLseich- 
and  neck  to  foot,  and  head  to  ^^  ^*V 

cnpiion  of 

head,  and  bodj  to  body,  everj  the  bftttle, 
step  they  went;  and  hence  it  ie  ^™  ^^ 
that  this  was  compared  by  the  hs. 
old  men  of  Ath  Cliath,*   who      — 
were  watching  from  their  bat- 
tlements,  to  a  Jield  of  reapers, 
in  which  not  more  numeroud 
would  be  the  sheaves  whirled 
alofb  over   a    great   company 
reaping  a  dry  ripe  field,  even 
though  two  hundred  or  three 
hundred  were  workîng  at  the 
reaping  of  it,  than  their  haii* 
whirled  aloft  from  them  by  the 
wind,  after  having  been  hacked 
and  cut  away  by  heayy  gleam- 
ing  battle-axes  and  by  bright 
âaming  swords. 

Whereupon  the  son  of  Amh- 
laibh  said,  when  he  waâ  on  the 
battlements  of  his  watch  tower, 
and  was  watching  them, '' Well 
do  the  foreigners  reap  the  field/' 
said  he,  looking  at  Brian's 
daughter,  who  was  the  wife  of 
the  son  of  Amhlaibh,*^formany 
is  the  sheaf  whirled  aloft  over 
them." 

CVnL  However  now,  the 
armies  contioued  in  that  strife 
and  fighting  from  simrise  to 
eyening,  t.e.,  while  the  tide  was 
flowing  and  ebbing.    It  was  at 


^Ath  Cliath*  This  sentence  is  veiy 
much  involved  and  the  text  probably 
corrnpt.  The  word  cc^Uf  ia  perhaps 
a  mistake  ol  transcrlption,  and  fein 
is  for  fin,  as  in  p.  190,  above :  fam- 
toceaţi  fein  is  in  the  passive  instead 
of  the  active,  as  p.  190.     "  This  was 


resembled  by  the  old  raen  of  Dublin," 
i.e.  it  seemed  to  them  to  be  represented 
by  the  similitade  which  follows;  to 
make  this  intelligîble,  the  liberty  has 
been  taken  of  inserting  in  the  transla- 
tion  the  words  in  Italics. 


256 


APPENDIX  C. 


MâeUeach-  X)6i5  if  ap.  Idn  maţia  ron- 

laiiiii*8  des-  «« 

cription  of  solari  fia  501II  amac  «oo  cufi 
the  bftttie,  on  coca  ifin  maiT)!!!,  octif  t)0 
B^Bda  ţiocc  an  tntuţi  ma  hiona6  ţein 
MS.  "00  ţii-difi  a  n-oeifvea*  lai  an 

ran  ţio  mâi-o  ap  na  ^aUxnb, 
ocuf  pucc  an  Idn  mapa  a 
longa  tiaraib,  cona  paibe  aca 
ţxx  "DeâiT)  conaip  px)  reiâp-oip 
aer  ifin  ppoippge.  CCp  map- 
ba*  itnoppo,  ^all  na  Itiipeac 
mie  ocof  na  ngaU  mait  ele, 
no  nitii'6  ap  igaUaib  ocuf  ap 
Caignib,  co  •oîogojp»  a  ndin- 
ţ»acr,  octif  po  ^aipeDop  a 
ccoiiiaipx:  cînnre,  ocuf  a  caif - 
niep.ca  T:innenaif  ocuf  reiciT), 
octif  iffe6  po  ceicfe-oap.  ifin 
fţxwppge,  T)6i5  ni  paibe  aca 
lec  ele  po  teicbpecraif  cena, 
«aip,  po  baf  ecoppa  octjf  cenn 
"opoichirc  "OtjbgaiU,  ocuf  po 
baf  ecoppa  ocuf  coiH  -Don 
leit  ele.  Ci*  cpa  ace  po 
ceicfiooap  co  "ofo^gaip  ifin 
fpaip.p5e,  arhail  bnaile  b6  ap 
aibeU  p«  cef  ba6,  no  pe  cuilib, 
no  p«  cpeabpaib;  ocuf  p,o 
lena*  co  hatlocrh  imeouponi 
IOD  co  px>  bârâr  ^o  "oioţaip, 
'0iin6p  IOD  ifin  fţxxippge,  co 
mbi-oif  na  ccapnaib  ocuf  na 
cctooaib,  ocuf  na  cceiteop* 
naib  co  ciimafCT>a  ap  na  fcca- 
pxr6  pe  a  cceiU,  ocuf  pe  a 
cctooţxci*  p.if  in  ruapccain 
ocBf  pif  on  ccotuccob,  ocuf 


fiiU  tide  that  the  foreignera 
came  oui  to  fight  the  battle  in 
the  moming,  and  the  tide  bid 
come  to  the  same  place  again 
at  the  dose  of  the  daj  wben  tbe 
foreignera  were  defeated;  aod 
the  ftill  tide  had  carried  off  their 
ships  from  them,  so  that  in  &ct 
thej  had  not  at  the  last  anj 
pUce  whither  they  could  go, 
but  into  the  sea.  Therefore 
after  all  the  foreigners  of  the 
coats  of  mail  and  other  chiefe 
of  the  foreignera  had  been  slain, 
a  rout  took  place  of  the  foreign- 
era and  Laighin,  so  that  thej 
fled  with  one  aocord,  and  tbey 
shouted  their  peculiar  cries  for 
mercy,  and  their  battle  whoops, 
and  fled ;  and  they  could  onlj 
flee  into  the  sea,  for  there  was 
no  other  place  where  thej  ood1<] 
flj  to,  becanse  our  forcet  were 
between  them  and  the  head  of 
Dubhgall's-bridge,  and  were 
also  between  them  and  the  wood 
on  the  other  side.  Therefore 
thej  fled  yiolentl j  into  the  sea, 
like  a  herd  of  cows  in  heat  from 
sultrj  weather,  or  from  gnats, 
or  irom  flies,*  and  thej  were 
pursued  quicklj  and  lightly 
into  the  sea,  where  thej  were 
with  great  violence  drowned, 
so  that  thej  laj  in  heape  âod 
in  hundreds,  and  in  battalioDS 
confounded,  afler  parting  with 


1  FiUi.  The  word  cţveib,  p.  192, 
line  8,  was  truuUted  gad/Kes,  on  Mr. 
Corry^B  anthority.  It  ia  here  in  the 
plural,  |ie  qxeabţvuib.     But  it  does 


not  occnr  in  any  dictionary  or  glo^ 
sary.  qfveim  ia  a  teab;  and  inigbt 
perhape  have  been  written  cpeiU 


APPENBIX  C. 


257 


ţtif  in  ccofnbtialcf6  -do  ftoiif  ac 
X>al  cCaif  ţx>|i|ia,  ocuf  maite 
Oyienn  tnaille  Ţ^im. 


1f  cmtifin  -DO  cuai-D  Toiţiii- 
•dealBac  mac  TTIu|ichai'6 1  troe- 
aioai'o  nangall  ipn  bpaiftţi^e, 
co  cuce  an  bumne  ţiobayira 
cofi  De  im  coftanj  Cluana 
Tktfvbh  5U|ibdi'Dex)h  e,  ocuf 
gali  ina  lanfi  "oeif ,  ocuf  ^all 
ina  laitn  cli,  octif  cuaille 
cmlinn  na  cofia'6  rfiiT).  14î 
p,aibe  drh,  ina  aeif  in  Ojxinn 
aon  T)tiine  btnj  ^tiţi  eineac 
ocuf  enpiaTh  indf .  *06i§  en- 
-gnant  a  acaţv  ann,  ocuf  jiîog- 
•oacc  a  fenaca|i;  ocuf  niţi 
fUm  ace  cuicc  blia6na  'd6cc 
•06  an  can  pn ;  ocuf  ife  an 
Cfteaf  T)t]ine  af  ni6  vo  îTia|ib 
ifin  coc  in  lă  fin  bâ. 


1f  annpn  fio  ţvâno  in^en 
Ofiiain,  ben  theic  CCrhlaib.  CCf 
TDoig  limfa,  a|i  fî,  fto  benf ac 
na  501U.  |vâ  a  nT)ijccaf .  Cif) 
fin,  afi  mac  CCmlaib,  a  ingen, 
n(  fuil  ace  na  501II  ace  cocc 
if  in  faiţifige  fieT)  af  -ouai 
T>6ib.     III  feT)aîif a  an  aoibell 


their  senses  and  their  faculties,  Haelaeach' 
under  the  striking,  and  under  ^^°i  ^^- 
tne  pressure,   and   under   the  the  battie, 
beating  inHicted  on  them  by^™*^® 
the  Dai  Cais  and  the  Chiefs  of  ms. 
Erinn  that  were  with  them.  — 

CX.  It  was  then  that  Toirr- 
delbhach,  the  son  of  Murchadhy 
went  afterthe  foreigners  into  the 
sea,  until  the  wave  of  a  spring- 
tîde  struck  him  a  blow  agaînst 
the  weir  of  Cluain-Tarbh,  so 
that  he  was  drowned,  and  a  fo- 
reigner  in  his  right  hand  and  a 
foreîgnerinhis  lefthand;  andthe 
holly-stake  of  the  weir  through 
him.  There  was  not  of  his  age 
in  Erinn  a  man  superior  to  him 
in  generosîty  and  in  munifi- 
cence.  For  he  had  the  munifi- 
cence  of  his  father,  and  the  royal 
dignity  of  his  grandfather ;  and 
he  had  not  completed  more  than 
fifleen  years  at  that  time ;  and 
he  was  the  third  man  who  had 
killed  most  on  that  day  in  the 
battle. 

Then  it  was  that  Brian's 
daughter,  the  wife  of  Amh- 
laibh's  son,  said,  "It  appear» 
to  me,"  said  she,  "  that  the  fo- 
reigners have  gained  their  in- 
heritance."  "  What  is  that,  O 
girl?*'  said  Amhlabh's  son,  "  the 
foreigners^  are  only  going  into 
the  sea,  as  is  hereditary  to  them. 
1  know  not  whether  it  is  the 


1  T%e  fcrtigntn,  This  latter  Uunt 
ia  put  into  the  moath  of  Brian's 
danghter,  p.  193,  aupra^  but  it  ia  evi- 


dently  intended  here  to  be  a  part  of 
the  reply  of  Amlaff  himself. 


S 


268 


AFPEKBIX  C. 


S-'i  "•'^San  niai^h. 

the  battle, 

BrnL^         Ho  ţ?e|iccaicce6  mac  CCrn- 

MS.  ^1^  Tifvia,  ocuf  mec  nofin  -di 

—      5tiţi  beti  ţ^iacail  a^a  cecmn. 

Imtuf  a  îTluîichai'D  mic  bfii- 
ain ;  aţi  ţioccain  t)o  qie  coc 
na  n^all  ocuf  -doti  ţafţiai-o 
fiTi  ap,  aon  ţiif ,  amail  a  T)tib- 
liamafi  fiorimiti,  t>o  boDoţi 
•ofteam  -00  na  ^aHaib  .1.  -oa 
ccaitmile-oaib  nap,  ceich  |iiaîh 
aga  ftaibe  a  cciaH  octif  a 
ccuimne,  octif  -Dobtifa  leo  gac 
eiccenT)dil  T)pjlan5  in6f  bd- 
ixxo  va  mbfxeic.  If  ann  -pn 
•00  conaific  Tîlti|icba6  mac 
bfiiain,  Sirţitiic  mac  LoT)aip., 
laţila  Innfi  tîoţic,  ap,  Idp, 
caca  "Odl  cCaif  5a  nai|ilea6 
ocuf  5a  nacctima,  ocuf  ni  ^ab- 
•ooif  a  naiftmfim  na  a  niol- 
faobaiţi  nî  "od.  Ocuf  fiu  ce 
Tlfltiftcat)  fiuacafi  va  lonnfai- 
giT),  ocuf  cticc  bâim  anaenpecr 
v6  af  a  'Dîldim  ţup.  jeţip,  a 
cenn,  ocuf  a  cofa  an  aeinţ:ecu 
t^  ofi  in  Iduaifi  fin. 


heat  that  is  on  them,  bat  ne- 
yertheless  thej  tarrj  not  to  be 
milked." 

The  son  of  Amhlabh  became 
angered  with  her,  and  he  gave 
her  a  blow,  which  knocked  a 
tooth  out  of  her  head. 

CXI.  To  retum  to  Mm* 
chadh,  son  of  Brian ; — when  he 
had  passed  through  the  bfttUd- 
îons  of  the  foreigners,  and  tbose 
champîons^  with  him,  as  we 
have  said  before,  there  was  a 
party  of  the  f oreigners,  that  is, 
of  thcîr  6oldiers,who  had  notfled 
before  him,^  who  had  retaîned 
their  senses  and  their  memory, 
and  it  seemed  easier^  to  them 
to  suffer  every  extremitj  rather 
than  be  doomed  to  be  drowoed. 
It  was  then  that  Murchadh,  son 
of  Brian,  saw  Sitruic,  son  of 
Lodar,  *Earl  of  Innsi  On;,  in  the 
midst  of  the  battalion  of  the  Dai 
Cais,  slanghtering  and  mutilat- 
îng  them ;  but  neither  their  arms 
nor  their  keen-edged  weapons 
Gould  do  any  harm  to  him* ;  and 
Murchadh  nished  to  attack  him, 
and  dealt  him  a  blow  at  once, 
which  cut  off  nîs  head  and  his 
legs  at  once  on  the  Tery  spot 


^Thoie  ehampums,  The  MS.  D. 
readfl  **  the  champions  of  the  Dai  Cais 
with  htin.**    See  p.  193,  aupn», 

*  FUd  before  him.  D.  explains  this, 
"  who  had  not  roshed  into  the  sea  aa 
jetr    See  p.  193. 

^Ecuier,  D.  reads  ţio  bopa,  p. 
192,  iupnif  which  perhaps  ought  to 


have  been  printed  ţvob  oro,  for  ii|X[, 
aa  here :  the  comp.  of  ufuir  or  pofiap 
easy. 

^Tohim.  The  Irish  original  learesit 
donbtfal  whether  this  means  hann  to 
Morchadh,  or  harm  to  SitnuCi  D.  givc* 
it  the  foimer  interpretation.  See  p. 
195.    The  bombaatic  ampliiloUMa  of 


APPHNDIX  C. 


259 


1f  onnfiT)  cdiTiic  6llţiic, 
mac  fiîg  Loclanii,  cenn  gaile 
ocof  gaifcciTo  Loclanti,  ocuf 
na  n^all  tiile  hi  cqiioflac, 
ociif  hi  cceiftc  rneodon  caca 
X>ăl  cCaif ,  octif  DO  ţxiTine  co- 
faiji  «ile  -DO  leitcetin  in  caca 
5tifi  Thaţib  50  ha-oljal  iod.  Ro 
•oââ  mujichoD  1TI  nî  -pn  octi|* 
ba  galaţi  cţiaome  leif  hâ, 
ociif  fio  lompo  ţ?6fi  ţ^aţicaţif- 
na  ţx)  cach  tia  luiţieac  guţi 
maţib  cuicc  501II  Decc  -oia 
•6eif ,  ocuf  a  câicc  x)6cc  ele  -oia 
clî  Doneoc  mo  jiaibe  luitiig, 
50  |io6c  ^bfiic  mac  ţiîg  Loch- 
lanD.  Ho  peţifacap,  corn  lan  n 
fie  fioile,  ocuf  ife  fin  coth- 
lann  af  cfiota  -oo  fi6ncr6  fan 
ccac,  tiaifi  ba  comlann  ţjeig 
ţ:e6caifi,  fMiileac,  fX)fi'&efi5, 
octjf  ba  gleic  gafib  5li|:iT)eac, 
aînmin,  oggafib,  eafxcaifi- 
"Demail.  If  aTfilai'6  fio  bai 
€101*66111  Tîltiftchai'D  afi  na 
lon-of^noD,  ocuf  elca  ven  ba- 
■oafi  ann  fio  lejfac  ţ^^1  cef- 
bach  in  lombualca,  ocuf  fio 
T)lui5  an  cloi-bem  ce  la^âaifi  a 
lâmaanclîTîufichcrd.  Sellaif 
ÎTlafichaD  in  nî  pn,  ocuf  fio 
la  an  cloi^bem  uaD,  ocuf  fio 
gab  cennmuUac  an  501II, 
ocuf  fio  f aifxc  a  luifiig  cafia 


CXII.  Then  came  EUriO)  son  Maelmâcii- 

of  theKing  of  Lochlann,  headof  ^^^l?  ^% 
°  «cription  of 

the  valoor  and  championship  of  the  l>atU«, 
Lochlann  and  of  all  the  foreign-  ^*""  **»• 
ers,  into  the  bosom  and  centre  ^^ 
of  the  battalion  of  the  Dai  Cais ;  — 
and  he  made  havoc'  of  thewhole 
half  end  of  the  battalion,  so 
that  he  slew  them  in  prodigious 
numbers.  Murchadh  perceived 
thîs,  and  it  was  a  heart-ache  to 
him,  and  he  turned  himself  ob- 
liqiielj  upon  the  battalions  of 
the  mail-clad  men,  so  that  he 
slew  fifteen  foreigners  on  his 
right  and  fifteen  others  of  the 
mail-clad  on  hîs  leflt,  until  he 
reached  Ebric  [^fc],  son  of  the 
King  of  Lochlann.  They  fought 
a  combat  together,and  that  com- 
bat was  the  bravest  that  was 
fought  in  the  battle ;  for  it  was 
a  combat  stoat,  forious,  bloodj, 
crîmson;  and  it  was  a  wrest- 
ling,  rough,  noîsy,  passionate, 
savage,  heartless.  The  sword 
of  Murchadh  at  that  tîme  was 
ornamented,  and  the  inlaying 
that  was  in  it  melted  from  the 
heat  of  the  striking,  and  the  hot 
sword  cleft  the  fork  of  the  hand 
of  the  said  Murchadh.  Mur- 
chadh felt  this,  and  threw  the 
sword  from  him ;  and  he  laid 


this  panage  in  D.  (see  p.  194)  îs  & 
good  example  of  the  liberties  taken 
by  the  ancient  bards  with  the  authors 
whoae  workB  they  transcribed. 

^HanH)e,  I  have  taken  the  word 
cofoiţi  to  be  for  cof^ofi,  bavoc, 
aUnghter.     CofoiT^  may  aignifjr  a 


feast,  which  would  make  no  sensoi 
except  by  a  aomewhat  violent  flgure. 
D.  seems  to  translate  it  by  the  word 
f*inTiTnai5,  which,  on  Mr.  Curry*s  au- 
thority,  was  rendered  **t  lltttt;**  p. 

82 


S60 


APPENDIX  C. 


MaelseAch-  ceT)Ti  faifv,  ocuf  mccfoc  ^leic 

lamn's  de-  lomnaf  Cala  -oa  c6ile,  ocur  no 
scrtption  of         '     '  '         i   i 

thcbattle,   cuiţi  TTltificna^  an  ^all  paoi 

horn  the      q  mofiT:  ioîn|iaf cala,  octjf  |io 

l£S.  §0^  TTItiftchaf)  cloi-oerii,  ocuf 

—       |io  fHiit  hi  ccleit  ocra  in  Joill 

e   co    fii  ace    ralmain    cţxîcc, 

octif    fto  tafiixain^    -ona,  in 

^all  a  fcin  fturh,  ociif  thicc 

caT>all  7)0  TTluţica'D  guţi  tall 

a  înne  aff,  ocuf  5U|i  cuic- 

fioc  aţi  lâyx  ina  patnaife. 

VU)  C111C  cjiiot  ocuf  r6ni  ocuf 

raifi  a|i  îTîuivcharo,  octif  nîţi 

ţ^v  coiffcăiin   af  -pn.     CCcc 

aon  nî,  aţi  netftge  t)o  TTluţi- 

chaf)  af  a  nell,  "00  ben  a  cenn 

"Don  ţaU.     Ocuf  niţi  bo  inaţib 

ÎTlti|icha6  co  qfidt  eifige  aft 

tia  Tfiafiac,  50  n-oefinar)  a  ţa- 

oifi-Din   ocuf  ^ufi  caic  coţip 

Cfiîofc. 


Itnttifa  bţiiain  mic  Ceinn- 
eiT)e,  ai|iT)îii  Oyienn,  pyiif  an 
|ve  fin.  CCfi  ccoiTh|iiocrain 
T)o  na  coraib  ţio  fccaile-b  a 
peall  faoi,  ociif  ţ\o  foflaic 
a  pfalcaifi  ocuf  fio  Jab  a^ 
gabdil  a  pfalin  ocuf  ace  eji- 
naigue  cap.  âf  an  caca,  ocuf 
nî  p.aibe  nech  ina  fapp.a*  ace 
Lai'oean  giolla  a  eic  pâin  6 
ffuiliuc  î  Lai'oean  bi  muriiain. 
CCcbefic  bp,ian  fpif  in  njil- 


hold  of  the  top  of  the  forelgner^s 
head,  and  pulled  his  coat  of  mail 
over  his  head,  and  they  foaght 
together  a  combat^  of  wrest- 
ling;  and  Murchadh  put  the 
foreigner  dowa  linder  him  by 
force  of  wrestling.  And  Mur- 
chadh took  a  sword,^  and  throst 
it  into  the  ribs  of  the  foreign- 
er's  breast,  so  that  it  reached 
the  ground  through  him :  then 
the  foreigner  drew  his  knife, 
and  gave  a  cat  to  Murchadh, 
80  that  he  cut  his  bowels  out, 
and  thej  fell  on  the  ground  be- 
fore  him.  There  fell  a  shiver- 
ing,  and  fainting,  and  weakness 
upon  Murchadh,  and  he  coold 
not  ştir  a  step  therefrom.  Bat, 
at  the  same  time,  when  Mur- 
chadh arose  from  his  swoon,  he 
cut  ofifthe  foreigner's  head;  and 
Murchadh  waa  not  dead  until 
sunrise  the  next  moming,  after 
he  had  made  his  confession,  and 
received  the  Body  of  Christ 

CXIII.  Now  of  the  adven- 
tures  of  Brian,  son  of  Cenneide, 
Chief  King  of  Ireland,  during 
that  time.  When  the  combat^ 
antsmet,  his  cushion  was  spread 
under  him,  and  he  opened  his 
psalter,  and  began  to  recite  his 
psalms  and  his  prajers  behiod 
the  battle;  and  there  was  no  one 
with  him,  but  Laidean,  hisown 
horse-boj,  from  whom  are  de- 
-  scended  the  Ui  Laîdean,whoare 


1  Combat    Lit.,  "  a  wrestle  of  wreet- 
ling." 


^Sword,    D.  says  **the  foreignei't 
own  aword.** 


-iPPENDIX  C. 


261 


la,  pe§  na  caca  octif  na 
coîhţiaicci  50  ngabap,  Ţa  mo 
Pf alma.  Ro  ^ab  Ofiian  caeca 
pfalm,  octif  caeca  oţica,  octjf 
caeca  paiceţv,  ocof  fio  lomm- 
cotnaific  "Don  ^lolla  cionnaf 
barafi  na  caca.  lio  pyveccaiţv 
an  ^loUa,  CCccinifi  icro  octif 
Of  cumafCDa  coiij-oluca  laT), 
ocuf  fio  fi  ace  cdc  1  nglocain 
a  c6ile  "Dib,  ocuf  nîp,  lia  limfa 
beim  hi  ccoill  'Comaiji,  ociif 
na  fecc  ccaca  ^a  cefcca'o,  ind 
C|iofc  beime  hi  ccennaib,  hi 
ccndmaib  ocuf  hi  ccennmul- 
laigib  leo.  OctJf  fio  ifiaiifai-o 
0|iian  cionnaf  vo  bî  meifige 
îTlti|ichai'6.  CCcâ  na  fefarh, 
af.  in  poUa,  ocuf  meifi^eT&a 
*Oal  cCaif  ina  cimcell,  octif 
cinn  lom'oa  -oa  cceilccen  ocuf 
5a  n'Diubf.acca'o  coicce,  octif 
lolac  cofccaif.  octif  commai- 
"ome  le6.  Rd  hacDefi^ot)  a 
peall  fo  Ofiian,  ocuf  |io  gab 
caeca  pfalm  ocuf  caeca  ojica, 
ocuf  caeca  paicep.,  bctif  po 
ftappai'D  "Don  ^lolla  cionnaf 
boDap  na  caca.  OCfbepc  an 
^loUa,  Hi  ftiil  bed  •oui ne  "oo 
bepa  aicne  ap  neac  feach  a 
cele  "Diob,  oip  copcpaoap 
fopccla  na  ccac  cceccapToa, 
octif  in  neoc  af  beo  "oiob  po 
lionaif»  -DO  bpaengail  na  pola 
pop  pnai-âe  i-oip  ceann,  octif 
coif  ociif  ^meo*,  lonnaf  nac 


in  Mumhain.  Brian  said  to  the  Maelseach- 
attendant,»  "Watch  thou  the  ^'^'^'^'f  ^^ 
batUe  and  the  combatanta,  while  thebattle, 
I  recite  my  psalms."  Brian  from  the 
then  said  fifty  psalms,  fiftj  j^g 
prayers,  and  fifty  paters ;  and  — 
he  asked  the  attendant  how  the 
battalions  were  circumstanced. 
The  attendant  answered,  "  I  see 
them,  and  closely  confounded 
are  they,  and  each  of  them  has 
come  within  grasp  of  the  other ; 
and  not  more  loud  to  me  would 
be  the  blows  in  Tomar's  wood, 
if  seven  battalions  were  cutting 
it  down,  than  are  the  resound- 
ing  blows  on  the  heads,  and 
bones,  and  sknlls  of  them." 
Brian  asked  how  was  the  banner 
of  Murchadh.  '*It8tands,"8aid 
the  attendant,  **and  the  ban- 
ners  of  the  Dai  Cais  aroand  it, 
and  many  heads  cut  off  are  fall- 
ing  aroand  it,  and  a  multitude 
of  trophies  and  spoils  are  with 
it.'*  His  cushionwasreadjnsted 
under  Brian,  and  he  said  fifty 
psalms.  fifty  prayers,  and  fifty 
paters;  and  he  asked  the  at- 
tendant how  the  battalions  were. 
The  attendant  said,  ''There 
lives  not  a  mau  who  could  dis- 
tingă ish  onc  of  them  from  the 
other,  for  the  greater  part  of 
the  hosts  on  either  side  are 
fallen ;  and  those  that  are  alive 
are  so  covered, — their  heads, 


^AttendcmL  'giolla:  the  boy,  or 
servant.  This  word  Soes  not  imply 
jfouth,  «8  OUI  Englbh  word  boy,    The 


word  6oy,  in  tho  senae  of  servant  or 
attendant,  is  still  applied  in  Ireland  to 
mea  of  any  age. 


262 


APPENDIX  C. 


Maelseach-  cntibfurb  oD  rotraifv  aiune  ap, 

lainn'9  de-    q^    ţ^Wj   ^^^^       OcUf    tlO    bai 
scnption  of  '     '  ^ 

thebattle,   «5  )?iafifaiT)€  cionnaf  «do  bi 

fromthe  meiii^e  TY)ii|ichai'6.  CC^^bejic 
■^0^  cm  polla,  Tio  pa  pa-oa  6  Ultifi- 
—  chcro  6,  octif  jiainic  q^ef  na 
cacaib  fiaţx,  ocuf  ara  ţb  cfiom 
ayi  cclaonaT>.  CCcbejxx:  0|iiaD, 
Ho  claon  ^fie  "oe  fin,  ocof  51- 
'tecrb,  an  ccornpao  vo  cipv  -piyi 
Ofienn  an  meifige  fin  biaif»  a 
en^narh,  ocuf  a  ifjeifnec  făm 
in  5ac  aoinfefi  'olob.  Uo  bac- 
•061150:0  peall  Oftiatn,  octif  |io 
5ab  caeca  pfalm,  octif  X, 
o\ita,  ocuf  caeca  pairef,,  ocuf 
|io  bdf  f6f  ace  an  lombuala* 
ffiiff  in  p.e  fin.  Tio  lomco- 
maific  bfiian  -Don  poUa  ci- 
onnaf bai  meiyije  TTluyicai'o, 
octif  cionnaf  baraţi  na  cată. 
CCfbejir  an  polla,  1f  farhail 
liom  arnail  bu*  î  coill  'Comaifi 
oyi  na  refccaf»,  octif  aţi  na 
lofcca*,  a  nnionbac  ocuf  a 
b6cc  cfioinn,  ocuf  na  fecu 
ceara  caicritif  aji  mif  a^a 
caiterh,  ocnf  a  ţiail^e  yio 
m6\ia  octif  a  'oaiţige  '0Î0Tho|ia 
itia  feforn. 


and  legs,  and  garments,  with 
drops  of  crimson  blood,  that  the 
father  could  noi  reoognise  hîs 
own  son  tliere."  And  again  he 
askedy  how  was  the  banner  of 
Murchadh.  The  attendant  an- 
swered,  "  It  is  far  from  Mur- 
chadh, and  has  gone  throogh 
the  hosts  westward,  and  it  is 
stoopcd  and  inclining."  Brian 
said,  '^Erinn  dedines  on  that 
account;  and,  nevertheless,  so 
long  as  the  men  of  Erinn  shall 
see  that  banner,  its  valour  and 
its  courage  shall  be  upon  eyeiy 
man  of  them."  Brian's  cushion 
was  readjusted,  and  he  said 
fiftj  psalms,  and  fifty  prayera, 
and  fiftj  paters,  and  the  figbt- 
ing  continued  during  all  that 
time.  Brian  cried  out  to  the 
attendant,  how  was  the  baDner 
of  Murchadh,  and  how  were  the 
battalions  ?  The  attendant  an< 
swered,  "  It  appears  to  me  like 
as  if  Tomar^s  wood  was  being 
cut  down  and  set  on  fire,  its 
underwood,  and  its  joung  trees; 
and  as  if  the  seven  battalioDS 
had  been  unceasinglj  destroy- 
îng  it  for  a  month,  and  its  great 
trees  and  its  immense  oaks  left 
standing." 


APPENDIX  D, 


S9S 


D. 

Oenealogy  of  the  Scandiiiavian  Chieftaina  na/med     Qeneaiogy 
as  Leadera  of  the  Invoaioria  of  Ireland.  ^^^" 

To  avoid  confasion  the  following  tables  are  numbered  in  conţinu-  I-^^dere. 
ation  of  the  Irîsh  Genealogîcal  Tables,  Append.  B.,  pp.  245-249.       — 
As  in  the  fonner  tables,  the  names  of  females  are  printed  in  italics ; 
the  sign  =  denotes  marriage  or  concubinage ;  s.,  son ;  dr.,  daugh- 
ter;  k.  or  K.,  king;  L.,  lord;  E.,  earl;  si.,  slaîn;  o.^  obiit. 

Table  VI.  is  divided  into  two,  (A)  containing  the  genealogj 
of  Olaf  Hviti,  (or  the  White,)  King  of  Dablin ;  (B)  the  genealogy 
of  Grormo  Gamle  (or  the  Aged),  called  Tomar  bj  the  Irish. 

Table  VII.  exhibits  the  genealogy  of  "  the  Sons  of  Ivar," 
Kings  of  Limerick,  and  '*  the  Grandsons  of  Ivar,"  Kings  of 
Dablin  and  Waterford.  To  avoid  the  inconvenience  of  a  folding 
sheet  thîs  table  has  been  broken  into  separate  genealogies,  which 
are  marked  (A),  (B),  (C). 

Table  Vili.  exhibits  the  descendants  of  Cearbhall,  or  Carroll,^ 
Lord  of  Ossory,  and  Danish  King  of  Dublin,  showing  his  dose 
oonnexion  and  alliances  with  the  Norsemen.  His  Irish  descent 
from  Connla,  called  by  O'Flaherty*  "  Ossoriorum  sator,"  will  be 
found  in  Dr.  (yDonovan's  "  Tribes  and  Territorîes  of  Ancient 
Ossory."    See  Introd.,  p.  Ixxx.,  n.  ^. 

This  Connla  was  the  grandson  of  Crimhthann  Cosgrach  [the 
Victorious]  King  of  Ireland,  and  flourished,  according  to  O'Fla- 
hertj,  about  a  century  before  the  Ghristian  era.  Cearbhall  was 
the  son  of  Dunghal  (or,  as  he  is  also  called,  Dunlaing,  Frag^ 
ments  of  Ann.y  p.  129),  who  died  A.D.  843  (841  of  the  Four 
M.)  Cearbhall  married  a  daughter  of  Maelsechlainn  or  Malach j 
L  (son  of  Maelmanaidh),  King  of  Ireland;  and  his  sister  Lann  or 
Flann  was  married  to  the  same  King  Malachj,  bj  whom  she 
was  the  mother  of  Flann  Sionna,  King  of  Ireland,  who  reigned 
£rom  879  to  916.    See  Geneal,  Table  II.,  p.  246. 


1  CarroU,  This  name  affords  a  good 
example  of  the  procesa  of  eclipsing  or 
droppingletters  in  IrUh  pronanciation. 
The  name  was,  no  doubt,  at  first  pro- 
nonnced  Cerball,  or  Carball  (the  C  as 
K) ;  then  the  b  became  aspizated,  and 
prononnced  y ;  this  change  must  have 
taken  place  before  the  middle  of  the 
nfaith  centniyţ  as  appearsby  the  Scan- 
<KlMylim  8p«lUDgof  ihename,  KiarvalU 


In  more  modem  times  the  M  or  v  was 
entirely  dropped  in  pronundation  (as 
the  b  in  onr  word  doubt),  and  the  nama 
is  now  CarroU.  The  same  thing  ocean 
in  other  langoages :  as  in  the  French 
name  for  Ghristmas,  JVatoJe=Nathal 
=NoeL  PaUr,  Mater^  /Vafer=P6x^ 
Mâre,Frâre.    Festtm=¥ite.  Spadum 

«  aFlaher%  Ogygia,  p.  11^^64, 

♦9  3 


£64  APFENDIX  D. 


TABLE  VI. 
Qenealogy  of  Olaf  THE  White,  King  of  Dublin,  and 

OF  GORMO  GaMLE,  CALLED  BY  THE  IrISH  ToMAR 

GeiMaiogy  (A).  Oenealogv  of  Olaf  the  White. 

ol  Olaf  the 

^/flilte.  Halfden  Hvitbeins  (White-foot), 

...^_  I      k,  of  Upland. 

GudrOd,  k.  of  Heidmark. 

[Olaf]. 

I 
Helgi  =  Thara,  dr.  of  Sigard  Orm  i  AiigaO> 

Ingiald. 
I 


I  ^1 

Amlaf  or  Olaf  Hyiti(*)  =  Audă  DiapaugdaQ*).  Uy^*)l 

SL  871.  I 

Thontein  Raudr  =  Thundaţ^}, 

Kon(fl)=7'Aofyerda.    Olaf  FeilanO>    Donnchad,  E.  of  Orknej=iGroa{*), 

Hoaknldss lfa€£borl»(0.  Thorfinn  K&usak\yfur=Grelaud. 

I  I 

Olaf  Paa=  T^argerdaQo),  L Adver,  E.  ol  Otkaey=iEiaa. 

Kiartan  or  IfirktarUn.  Sigard(ii> 

SL  lOU. 

(1)  Slgord  Orm  i  Aaga,  or  "  Serpent-eye,"  waa  the  son  of  Ragnar  Lodbrok 
by  Aslauga  dr.  of  Stgurd  Fofniaban.  Landnama,  p.  385,  Introd.  mpra,  p.  tL 
In  the  genealogy  givcn  Landnama,  p.  106,  an  Olaf  occurs  aa  thefatherof  Helgi 
and  son  of  Gudrod,  but  ie  omitted  in  the  Table  given  Scriptt.  HiaL  Island. 
tom.  iii.,  Tab.  2.    The  name  is  therefore  enclosed  in  brackets. .' 

(')  Olaf  Hviti,  or  the  White ;  Landnama,  p.  106.  Hia  arrival  in  Ireland  is 
thus  recorded  hj  the  Ann.  Uit.,  at  852==  A. D.  853  (4  M.  851) :  "  Amlaimh,  or 
Amlaiph,  son  of  the  King  of  Lochlainn  came  to  Erinn,  and  the  Gaill  of  Erinn 
gare  him  hostages,  and  tribute  from  the  GaidhiL*'  See  aboye,  Introd.,  p.  Ixiz., 
Ixx.  There  were  ** Gaill"  in  Ireland,  as  we  have  seen,  before  Olaf,  who  tre 
called  the  "  White  Gentiles.*'  Dublin  was  occnpied  hj  them  about  837  or  838. 
See  p.  zlix.,  npra.  Olaf  the  White  ia  called  **  Amlaoibh  Conung,**  (Fragm. 
of  Ann.,  p.  127),  the  same  name  for  King  which  we  flnd  on  the  Daniah  coina 
Soon  after  his  arrival  in  852  he  left  suddenly,  bat  retomed  in  856,  ibid.,  p.  135. 
The  same  year  Ivar  [Bânlans,  or  the  Boneless,]  appears  in  Ireland  as  his  tJly. 
See  Ann.  Uit.,  856,  and  Table  VIL  Olaf  the  White  was  slain  in  Ireland, 
(Landnama,  p  107),  about  871  or  2.  We  do  not  meet  with  him  in  the  Iriih 
Annals  after  870s87b 


APPENbix  1).  265 

(*)  Audă  Diapaugda  [the  very  rich],  called  Attdunaj  Eyrbyggis,  p.  5,  and  Table  VL 
UnurOj  Laxd»U,  p.  3.    She  was  dr.  of  Ketill  Flatnef  (Flatnose)  son  of  Bidm  (A). 
Bana.   Lazd.,  p.  3.,  Eyrbyg.  p.  37,  Kristni.,  p.  189.  p        T 

(^)  Thia  ia  doubtless  a  mistake ;  there  is  do  Ivar  brother  of  Olaf  the  White  ^|  q^^  ^^ 
mentioned  in  the  Sagas,  but  he  U  spoken  of  in  the  Fragm.  of  Annals,  pp.  Wbite. 

127-171.     See  Introd.,  p.  Ixxiz  tupr€u    Hr.  Lindsay  (Coinage  of  Ireland,  p.        

8),  having  stated  that  he  had  met  with  no  coins  of  Anlaf  or  Olaf  the  White, 
first  King  of  Dublin,  noticcs  certain  coins  **  which,'*  he  says,  "  I  am  strongly 
indined  to  think  belong  to  his  brother  Ifara  or  Imar  L,  who  vras  at  first  K. 
of  Limerick,  but  at  the  deatb  of  his  brother  Anlaf  in  870,  King  of  the  Danes 
of  aU  Ireland."  There  is  no  evidence  however  that  this  Imar  was  Anlafa 
brother,  or  that  the  Ivar  who  was  at  this  time  King  of  Dublin  had  ever  been  ^ 
K.  of  Limerick ;  no  doubt  Ivar  (Beinlaus)  son  of  Regnar  Lodbrok  is  the  same 
who  was  K.  of  Northumbria  and  of  the  Danes  of  Ireland  and  Britain,  Uit., 
872 ;  see  Table  VII.  A  son  of  Olaf  the  White,  named  Garlns,  is  mentioned 
în  the  Four  M.,  866  (A.D.  869),  but  neither  does  his  name  occur  in  the  Sagas. 
(^)  Thurida  was  the  dr.  of  Eyvind  Aastmann  by  Raferiach  dr.  of  Cearbhall, 
or  Carroll,  Lord  of  Ossory  and  King  of  Dublin,  Eyrbyg.  p.  5,  Landnama,  pp. 
4,  228.  See  Table  VIII.  Her  husband  Thorstein  is  called  Oistin  (or  Eystein) 
in  the  Ann.  Uit.  at  874  or  875,  where  he  is  said  to  have  been  killed  in  Scotland 
**  per  dolum."  Landnama,  p.  107,  Laxdffila,  cap.  4.  Thorstein  is  sumamod 
Randr  (the  Red)  in  the  Sagas. 
(•)  Koll  is  called  Dala  Koll,  Landnama,  p.  108. 
(7)  Olaf  FeUan,  Landnama,  p.  13,  Kristni,  p.  191. 

(^)  Groa,  From  her  were  deseended  the  Earls  of  Orkney.  Kristni,  ibid.,  Laxd. 
p.  9.  See  Heîmskringla  (Saga,  vii.,  c.  99),  Laing^s  transl.  ii.,  p.  130.  Her 
Bon-in-law  Thorfinn  was  sumamed  HausakMur,  or  Skull-cleaver.  See  Table 
VIII.  (B)  No.  ("),  p.  302. 

(9)  Maelkorka.  She  was  the  dr.  of  "  an  Irish  King,*'  (called  Mirkiartan, 
Landnama,  p.  114,  Laxd.,  p.  37);  was  sold  as  a  slave  to  Hoskuld  by  a  Russian 
merchant.  She  was  singularly  beautiful ;  and  being  ashamed  of  her  position, 
affected  to  be  deaf  and  dumb,  until  af ter  the  birth  of  her  son,  when  she  betrayed 
herself ,  by  being  overheard  conversing  with  him .  She  was  probably  the  daughter 
of  Muircheartach  Leather  cloaks,  who  was  slain  by  the  Danes  in  943.  When 
her  son  was  1 8  years  of  age,  his  mother,  who  had  ta^ght  him  the  Irish  language, 
sent  htm  to  Ireland,  giving  hira  a  golden  ring,  and  other  things  that  would 
be  recognised  as  hers.  He  arrived  before  his  grandfather*s  death,  (Laxdsela, 
p.  71,  sq.)y  and  therefore  before  943.  He  was  called  Olaf  Paa,  or  the  Peacock, 
from  his  great  beauty.  He  afterwards  gave  to  his  son  the  name  of  Kiartan 
or  Mirkiartan  (Muircheartach)  from  his  grandfathcr,  Landnama,  p.  109, 
Heimsk.  (Saga,  vi.,  c.  88,  Laing,  i.,  p.  449),  Kristni,  p.  191.  Olaf  Pea- 
eock's  gifts  to  Gunnar  were,  a  gold  armilla,  a  cloak  which  had  belonged  to 
Mirkiartan  (Muirchertach)  King  of  Ireland  [Irakonungr],  and  a  hound  named 
Sam  [happy,  or  summer],  which  had  been  given  him  in  Ireland.  Kial's  Saga 
(Lat.),  p.  217.  Bumt  Njal,  i.  223. 
Q^)  Thorgerda,  was  the  dr.  of  Egil-Skalagrimmson,  Egils-Saga,  p.  597. 
(II)  Sigurd  Earl  of  Orkney  and  Shetland,  sumamed  Digri,  or  the  Fat,  slain 
at  Clontarf  1014.  See  above  p.  153.  Introd.  p.  clxviii.  Bumt  Njal,  ii., 
p.  11,  327  sq.  For  the  descent  of  his  mother  Edna^  dr.  of  Cearball,  see  Gen, 
Table  VIII.  (B)  No.  (»-),  P-  302. 


266 


APPENDIX  D. 


Table  VI. 

Genealogy 
of  Gormo 
Gamle. 


(B).  Genealogy  of  Gm^mo,  called  by  tli^  Iriah  Tornar. 

[K.D.  signifies  King  of  Denmark ;  K.N.  King  of  ForthnmberUad.] 
Cnut  or  Hor(U-Cnut(i),  K.D. 


*Suen. 
•Frotho(»),  K.D. 


Guthredp),  K.N.  883. 
Ob.  897. 


♦Gormo  Enski(0. 

I 
•Harold,  K.D. 

I 
Gormo  Gamle  =  Thyra(f), 


I 
Caut  Danaast(<), 
K.D. 


Harold  Blaatand,  first  Christian  K.D.  936. 
SL  980. 


Harold. 


Suen  TuUkegg,  ILD.  981.  Erîc(7;,  K-N. 


Cnut  the  Great,  K.D. 


(1)  In  the  Table  given  by  Laogebek,  II.,  p.  41 5,  Cnut  or  Horda-Cnut  is  made 
the  son  of  Sigurd  Serpent-cve,  and  the  father  of  Gormo  Gamle,  the  foor 
gencrations  niarked  with  an  asterîsk  above  being  omitted ;  sec  also  Scriptt.  Hist. 
laland.  tom.  iii.,  Tab.  2.  Othcrs  jnake  Cnut  the  grandson  of  Sigurd  Serpent- 
eye,  by  a  daughtcr,  who  had  married  £ric,  son  of  Harold  Klag ;  and  retain 
tbe  four  generations  marked  with  an  aaterisk  abovu ;  see  Saxo  Gramm.  and 
Series  Regum  XIII.  apud  Langebek,  I.,  p.  66;  Petri  Olai  Chron.  Ibid.  p. 
113,  where  Cnut  is  roade  son  of  Eric-Barn  (or  the  Boy)  who  died  892,  son  of 
Sigurd  Serpent-eye  by  a  dr.  of  Guttorm  or  Gunthtam,  son  of  Harold  Klag. 
See  Saxo  Gramm.  ed.,  Miiller,  p.  466.  Cnut  is  caUed  Lothe-knut  or  Lota  Cnut. 
In  the  Hist  Regum  Dan.  by  Suen  Aggoson,  Suen  and  Gormo  Enski  are  omitted 
aud  Gormo  Gamle  is  called  Gormo  Logha)  (ignavus).     Langebek,  I.  p.  48. 

(-)  Guthred  *'  ex  servo  factus  est  rex ;"  Simeon  Dunelm.  De  gestis  regum 
Angl.  ad  an.  883.  Hist.  Eccles.  Dunelm.  ii,,  13.  Monum.  Hist.  Brit,  p.  6^2« 
683  n.  Ethelwerd  (Chron.  ad  an.  896)  says  of  him  "  Transeunte  etiam  aoni 
unius  decursu  obiit  et  Guthfrid  rex  Northymbriorum  in  natalitia  S.  Bartbol- 
omaii  apostoli  Christi ;  cujus  mausoleatnr  Evoraca  corpus  in  urbe  in  basilica 
snmma.'* 

(3)  Frotho  is  called  '*  Victor  Angli»,"  by  some  writers.  Saxo  Gramm.  (ed. 
Mliller,  p.  467)  makes  him  son  of  Cnut 

(^)  Gormo  Enshe^  or  the  English,  so  called  because  he  was  bom  în  England. 
Saxo  Gramm.,  p.  468.  We  have  seen  that  some  exclude  him  from  the  above 
genealogy,  on  the  ground  that  it  wouid  otherwise  be  too  long.  The  Series 
Regum  by  Corn.  Hamsfort  (Langebek,  I.,  p.  34),  makes  him  to  have  beea 
desccnded  from  Eric  L,  thus 


APPENDIX  D.  267 

4 

Eric  L,  K.D.  Table  VI. 

l                                                                             (fi)' 
Cnut-Lotha,  K.D.  


Genealogj 

I  '  I  of  Gormo 

Frotho,  KD.  Suen,  K-D.  o.  circ.  894.  Gamlc. 


Harold,  E.D.  892.  Gormo  Enske,  joint  K.D.  wîth  Suen.   Abdicated 

I  and  went  to  England,  887.     Succeeded  in 

Gormo  Gamle,  K.ofEast  Denmark  by  hia  br.  Harold.     Baptized  in 

Anglia  after  death  of  England  under  the  name  of    ^thelstan, 

Gormo  EnBke,  890.  (hence   called  Gormo  iEthelstan).     K.N. 

under     Alfred ;      Lappenberg    (Thorpe's 

] '' ^1  Tran«l.)  i.  p.  66,  66.     He  died  890;   A. 

Cnut.            Harold  Blaatand.  Sax.  889.  iEthelward,  lib.  iv.  c.  3. 

The  Iriflh  records  speak  of  a  chieftain,  probably  the  same  as  Gormo  Gamle,  Tomar  mac 
under  the  name  of  Tomar,  or  Tomrair,  perhaps  for  Thor-modr  (Thor*8  man)  j  ^^fe*- 
they  caii  him  Mac  Elgi,  or  Mac  nAilchi,  son  or  grandâon  of  Enske  [the  English], 
of  which  Elgi  or  Ailchi,  is  a  corraption.  See  above,  p.  Ixiv.  n.  and  p.  Ixvii.  n.  The 
arrival  of  Tomar  Mac  Elgi,  at  Limerick,  is  mentîoned  above  p.  39,  and  Îs  dated 
922  (Ann.  Uit)  His  coming  seems  to  have  given  nmbrage  to  the  Danes  of 
Dublin,  who  sent  an  expedition  against  him,  under  their  King  Godfrey  Ua 
Imhair,  which  was  repulsed  with  loss,  924  (Ibid.)  There  was  a  Tomar  at  Dublin 
almost  a  century  bef ore,  from  whom  the  pcople  of  Dublin  were  called  '^Muinntir 
Thomair,**  or  "  Family  of  Tomar."  See  Book  of  Kights,  p.  xxxvi.  This  may  have 
been  Turgesius  the  reputed  founder  of  Dublin  (see  Introd.,  p.  Hi.),  ond  Tomar, 
probably  a  name  given  by  the  Irish  to  all  Thor-worahippers.  In  the  A.  Sax. 
Chronicle  Gormo  is  called  Guthrum.  A  lord  deputy  of  Turgesius,  appointed  to 
rule  over  Regnar  Lodbrok's  dominionj»,  is  called  Gormund,  Langebek  I.,  p.  IG,  II. 
p.  281.  Giraldus  Cambrensis,  Topogr.  Ilib.  Dist.  iii.,  cap.  38,  says  tliat  Gurmund 
was  snpposed  to  be  an  African,  This  mistake  may  have  arisen  from  hearing 
the  Irish  caii  him  Dubbgaill,  "  a  hlack  fureigner." 

(*)  Thyra  is  said  by  some  authorities  to  have  been  dr.  of  i£thelred  K.  of 
England;  Ann.  Island,  p.  13 ;  Saxo  Gramm.,  p.  4G9.  Others  teii  us  that  she 
was  the  dr.  of  Harold  Klag,  K.  of  Jotia ;  Scriptt.  Hist.  Islandor.,  tom.  iii..  Gen. 
Tab.  6.  Her  son  Harold  was  sumamed  Blaatand,  or'Blue-tooth,  and  her  grand- 
son  Suen  was  distinguished  by  the  appellation  of  Tuiskegg,  Double-beard,  or 
Fnrcobarbus. 

(f)  Cnut  Danaast  (Amor  Danoruro),  is  said  to  have  been  alain  near  Dublin, 
whilst  besieging  that  city.  Being  cngaged  with  his  foUowers  at  noctumal  games 
(probably  some  Pagan  celebration)  he  was  struck  with  an  arrow,  but  com- 
manded  his  meu  not  to  desist  from  tlieir  games,  lest  the  enemy  should  leam  his 
danger ;  Saxo.  Gramm.,  p.  472.  The  Ann.  Island.,  p.  13,  date  this  event  875, 
the  year  in  which  Cearbhall  of  Ossory  became  K.  of  Dublin :  p.  Ixxx.  tupra. 

(')  Eric  succeeded  Olaf  Cuaran  as  K.  of  Nortbumbria  in  952,  in  wliich  year 
"the  Northumbrians  expelled  King  Olaf  and  received  Yric  [Eric]  Harold's- 
son;**  but  in  954  Eric  was  himself  expelled,  and  was  the  last  K.  of  Nortbumbria 
of  the  Norsemen ;  A.  Sax.  Henr.  Huntingd.  (ap.  Monum.  Hist  Brit.,  p.  746.  £), 
Langebek  II.,  p.  148,  n.  t,  Some  of  the  Northern  historians  confound  this  cbieif- 
tain  with  Eric  Bloody-axe,  son  of  Harold  Haifagr,  (Heimskringla,  Saga  iv., 
c.  4).  See  Hodgson^s  Northumberland,  voi.  I.,  p.  151,  where  this  error  i«  cor« 
r<K;ted ;  and  Lappenberg  (Thorpe's  Tran«l.)  ii,  p.  124. 


â68 


APPENDIX  i). 


TABLE  VIL 

Oenealogy  GeNEALOGY  OF  THE  Hy  ImHAIR,    OR    DeSCENDANTS    OF 

of  the  Hv 

Imhair.  IVAB,   KlNGS  OF  LiMERICK,  DUBLIN,  AND  WaTERFORD. 

t 

The  common  aucestor  of  all  these  chîcftains  was  most  probablj 
the  Ivar  who  was  King  of  Northumbrîa  and  Dublin  în  the  mid- 
dle  of  the  ninth  century,  and  may  with  great  probabîlity  be 
identified  with  Ivar  Beinlaus,  son  of  Regnar  Lodbrog.  He  is  said 
to  have  gone  to  England  to  avenge  hîs  father's  rourder.  The 
Ann.  Island.  give  861,  and  the  English  Chronicles  866,  as  the 
year  of  hîs  arrival  în  England.  If  so  he  must  have  remaîned  st 
home  for  upwards  of  twenty  years,  after  hîs  father's  death,  a  dela j 
which  is  not  explaîned.  But  if  his  father  had  perished  in  Ire- 
land,  as  we  have  some  authority  for  believing  (see  p.  Iv.  n.  '), 
Ivar*8  thirst  for  yengeance  ought  to  have  led  him  in  ihe  first 
instance  to  that  country  instead  of  to  England.  Accordingly 
we  find  him  in  Ireland,  in  alliance  with  Olaf  the  White,  some  tea 
years  at  least  befbre  he  appeared  in  England. 
Exploits  of  The  foUowing  List  of  hîs  exploits  în  Ireland  în  conjunctîon  with 
IrarBwn-  Qlaf  the  White,  is  taken  from  the  Lrish  Annals*  :— 


Uttsin  Iro> 
Und. 


852.  Ohif  the  White  arriTes  in  Ireland  (UlLţ  Foor  M.),  and  leaves  suddenly. 
Fragm.,  p.  127. 

856.  Olaf  retums,  ib.,  p.  135.  Yictoiy  by  Olaf  and  Ivar  over  Caittill  Find 
and  the  Gaill.gaedhil  in  the  territorieB  of  Munster.  (Uit)  See  Introd. 
p.  Ivii. 

858.  Yictory  bj  Cearbhall  or  Carroll,  lord  of  Ossory,  and  Ivar,  in  Aradh-tire 
(co.  of  Tipperary),  over  the  Cinei  Ftachach  (Westmeath),  and  the 
Gaill-gaedhil  of  Leth  Cuinn  (the  northem  half  of  Ireland).  Foor 
thousand  waa  the  number  that  came  with  Carroll,  and  Ivar;  (Uit., 
Four  M.)    A  great  expedition  in  Meath  by  Olaf,  Ivar,  and  CarroU. 

861.  Aedh  s.  of  NiaU  [i.e.,  Aedh  Finnliath,  s.  of  Niall  Cailne,  aftenraitlsK. 

of  Ireland]  with  the  Kings  of  the  Gaill  in  Meath,  plundering  Meath, 
along  with  Flann,  8.  of  Conaing  [lord  of  Bregia  in  Meath].  (Uit.) 

CarroU  leads  an  anny  to  assUt  King  Malachy  I.  against  Aedh  son  of 
Niall,  and  Olaf.     (Uit.) 

862.  Olaf,  Ivar,  and  Aulele  (FIoei  ?)  the  three  ELings  of  the  GaiU,  pinnderthe 

territory  of  Flann,  8.  of  Conaing.    (Uit.,  Four  M.) 


t/ruA  AnnaU,  The  references  to 
the  Annak  are  abbreviated  thus: — 
UU.  means  Anuale  of  UlBter;  Four 
M^  Four  Maştere;  CUmm.  Annals  of 
Clonmacnois;  Fro^».  the  Three  Frag- 


sources  by  Dnbhaltach  Mac  Firbisigh, 
and  edited  by  Dr.  0*Donovan  (lrish 
ArchieoL  and  Celtic  Society,  1860); 
Cambr.  Annales  Cambriie ;  Brut.  Bmt 
y  Tywy»oţ^on ;  A,  Sax,,  Anglo-Saxon 


menta  of  Annals,  copied  from  ancient  '  Chronicle. 


APPENDIX  D.  269 

868.  Conchobhair  [«.  of  Donnchadh,  ».  of  Flann  Sionna]  half-k.  of  Meath,  Table  VIL 
drowned  by  Olaf  at  Cluain-iraird  [now  Clonard],    (Uit.,  Fonr  M.)      ^^^7T 

865.  Amlaf  and  Auisle  go  to  Fortrenn  [in  Scotland]  with  the  foreignen  ol  ^'^^ 

Ireland  and  Scotland.     They  plunder  all  Pictland  and  take  iU  hostagea.  Tn,hair  ^ 

(Uit.)  _: 

Irar  îs  not  mentioned  as  on  this  expedition,  he  was  theref ore  probably 
now  in  England,  where  he  seems  to  have  been  joined  by  Olaf.  The  in- 
rasion  of  Pictland  may  bave  had  some  connexion  with  the  death  of 
Domhnali  Mac  Ailpin,  K.  of  the  Picta,  862  (Uit),  and  the  aucoeaaion 
of  Constantine  son  of  Kenneth  Mac  Ailpin,  863.  O'Flaherty,  Ogyg., 
p.484. 

866.  The  battle  of  York,  in  which  feU  AUi  (^lU),  K.  of  the  '*  Northern 

Saxons."  (Uit.)  In  this  date  the  English  Chronicles  all  agree.  (A. 
Sax.  867.  Asser.  867.  Sim.  Dnnelm.  De  Gestis,  867).  Ethelward 
expressly  namea  Ingwar  or  Ivar  as  the  leader  of  the  Northmen  (866, 
867). 

'^  Auisle  tertiusrex  gentilinm  dolo  et  parricidio  a  fratribna  suia  jngnlatua 
est"    (Uit.  Fragm.,  p.  171-173).    See  p.  Ixxu. 

Dnring  Olaf  s  absence  the  Irish  burnt  bis  fort  at  Clondalkin  and  100 
heads  of  the  chieftains  of  the  foreigners  were  taken.  (Uit.,  FoorM.) 
See  p.  Ixxx.  n.  >. 

867.  Olaf  s  son  Carlus  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Cill-ua-nDaigri  [Killineer,  near 

Drogheda].  (Fonr  M.  863.)  See  p.  33.  Carlns  is  not  mentioned  in  Uit 
nor  in  the  Sagaa,  but  his  sword  was  preserved  in  Dublin  to  the  reign 
of  Malachy  11.  He  was  probably  bom  of  an  Irish  or  Scottish  wife  or 
concubine.  Olaf  is  said  to  have  married  a  dr.  of  Aedh  Finnliath;  Fragm., 
p.  151.  Anotber  of  bis  wlves  was  the  dr.  of  Cinaotb  (ib.  p.  178),  Le.  of 
Cinaoth  or  Kenneth  Mac  Ailpin,  K.  of  Scotland. 

868.  Olaf  retnmed  to  Ireland ;  his  English  troope  being  in  winter  qnarten, 

bnmed  Armagh  with  its  oratories;  after  making  great  hayoc,  and 
leaving  1,000  men  wounded  or  slain.  (Uit,  Fragm.,  p.  185.) 

869.  Leaving  their  army  at  York  for  a  year  (Asser.,  Fior.  Wig.,  A.  Sax.) 

Olaf  and  Ivar  again  united ;  Aii  Cluathe  (Alclyde,  the  Rupet  Glottm^ 
now  Dumbarton)  was  besieged  by  them  for  threemonths,  andat  length 
plundered.  (Uit.,  Fragm.,  p.  193.  Cambr.  and  Brut.  870.) 
870  or  871.  Olaf  and  Ivar  retnmed  to  Dublin  from  Scotland  with  200  ships 
and  a  great  number  of  prisoners,  Angles,  Britons,  and  Picts,  carried  off 
in  captivity  (as  slaves)  to  Ireland.  (Uit.)  Hinguar  and  Ubba  seem  to 
have  been  left  in  command  of  the  Danish  forces  in  East  Anglia,  and 
Egbert  in  Northumbria.  By  these  chieftains  Edmund  King  of  East 
Anglia  was  slain  in  battle  (A.  Sax.  870),  and  bas  since  been  regaided 
as  a  martyr.  Fior.  Wigom.  says  that  the  King  was  alain  on  Smda^^ 
Nov.  20,  and  if  so,  the  year  must  have  been  869. 

On  their  way  back  to  Dublin^  Olaf  and  Ivar  seem  to  have  taken  the 
fortress  of  Dun  Sobhaircc  (now  Dunseverick,  near  the  Gianta'Canseway) 
**quod  antea  non  perfectum  est"  (Uit),  tbence  proceeding  sonthwards 
they  slew  AiliolI,  son  of  Dunlaing,  King  of  Leinster ;  but  poosibly  theea 
exploits,  although  recorded  by  Uit.  in  connexion  with  the  retom  of  Olaf 
and  Ivar,  may  have  been  the  deeds  of  anotber  body  ol  Nonemen. 


270  APPENDTX  b. 

Table  YII.  Olaf  was  slain  somewhere  in  Ireland  (Landnama,  ţ).  107).    MU  wif« 

— Ţ  Audă  and  his  son  Thorstein  immediately  afterwards  emigrated  to  tfae 

of  the  Hv  HebrideSf  where  Thorstein  married  Thvrida^  dr.  of  Evind  AnatxnAniu 

Imhair.  (Ibid).     The  Chron.  Pictor,  (ap.  Pinkerton  L,  p.  495),  says  that  OUf 

was  slain  in  Scotland  by  Constantine,  son  of  Kenneth  Mac  Alpin,  in  tha 

third  (or  perhaps  the  meaning  may  be  the  fif th)  year  of  bis  reign.  Thia, 
if  we  foUow  the  true  chronolog;^'',  vould  be  866  or  808 ;  even  the  Uter 
date  would  be  four  or  five  vears  too  soon.  Olaf's  death  ia  not  recorded 
in  the  Irish  Annals,  but  must  have  taken  place  between  870  and  873. 
873.  Ivar  ^^Rex  Nordmannorum  totius  Hibemin  et  BritannÎA  vitam  finivit.* 
(Uit,  872=873.  FourM.,  871=873).  Ethelward  says  that  Ivar  died 
the  same  year  in  which  St.  Edmund  was  slain,  i.e.,  870  or  871.  The 
Fragm.  at  873,  say  that  Ivar  ^'  died  of  an  ugly,  suddea  disease,  aic 
enim  Deo  placuit,"  p.  119.  Comp.  CorneL,  Hamafort  (Series  Begum), 
ap.  Langebek,  I.,  p.  36. 
In  874,  on  the  death  of  Ivar,  Cearbhall  (or  Carroll)  lord  of  Ossory,  suc- 
ceeded  as  King  of  the  Danes  of  Dublin.  See  above,  p.  bcxx.,  and 
Geneal.  Table  VIU. 

For  the  coins  supposed  to  belong  to  the  reign  of  Ivar  in  Dublin  and 
Korthumbria,  see  Lindsay'a  Coinage  of  Ireland,  pp.  3-10. 

Halfdane,        ^^^  English  Chronicles  speak  of  another  chieftain  named 

brotherof    Halfdane,  who  is  said  to  have  been  a  *^brother"  of  loguar  and 

î^bbT  ""^  Ubba,  (Ethelw.  lib.  ir.  c.  3,  A.D.  878);  and  therefore,  if  this  be 

literally  understood,  a  son  of  Regnar  Lodbrok.    So  Mr.  Hodgson 

Hinde,  continuator  of  Hodgson's  HisL  of  Northumberlsinc^  i., 

p.  154,  who  gives  the  genealogy  thus: — 

Begnar  Lodbrok.     SI.  850-60. 


I  i  r 

Ingwar  for  Ivar]  Ubba.    SI.  in  Halfdene  sacceeded  Ingwar  871 

invaded  îforthum-  Devonshire  871.  [873]  ;    established    hinistelf 

berland,  A.D.  866.  [873].  on  the  Tyne  875;  periahed 

Died  871  [873].  881-2  [877J. 

Bngsec       After  the  death  of  Ivar,  Halfdene  and  his  companion  Bsgsec 

alain.  gggm  ^  have  become  Kings  of  Deira  and  Bemicia  respectîvely. 

Bsegsec  was  slain  in  the  battle  of  Reading  in  871  (A.  Sax.)    Ia 

875  Halfdene  invaded  Northumbrîa,  and  "  harried  on  the  Picta 

and  Strath  Clyde  Britons."  (ib..  Uit.  874=875).    Then,  having 

divided  Northumbrîa  amongst  his  followers,  and  commenced  by 

theîr  means  the  culttvation  of  the  land,  he  sailed  to  Ireland, 

Halfdene    probably  with  a  view  to  recover  Ivar's  kingdom  there;  but  he 

slain.  ^Qs  giain  in  a  battle  with  **  the  White  Gentiles,"  at  Loch  Cuan, 

now  Strangford  Lough,  A.D.  877.    (Uit.  876.    Four  M.,  874 

3=877.)    In  the  Irish  Annals  this  chieftain  is  called  Alban  or 

AlbandsHalfdane* 


AFFEKDIX  D. 


in 


(A).  The  Sons  of  Ivar  (Limerick  Branch.) 

lT»r,    Ob.  873. 

I 


SichfrithO). 
SI.  888. 


Table  VII. 

Genealogy 
of  the  Sons 
of  lyar  of 


Sîtriucc(«),  L.  of  Limerick.   rîmprick. 

I     81.896.  i-imeric*. 


Amlaf  (>>  SL  896. 


AraltO).  SL  940. 

I 


MagnnSfK.  ofMaii(«). 
o.  drc  977. 


Godfrey(»). 
I    SI.  989. 


Ragnall<7).  o.  1006. 
Ragnall*8  8on(d).    SI.  942. 


Amlaf  LagmaD(^). 


0)  Sichfrith.  So  his  name  ia  written,  Uit.  887=888,  in  whicli  year  he  was 
Blain  hy  his  brother;  "  Sichfrith  Mac  Imair  rex  Nordmannorum  a  fratre  suo 
per  dolam  occisus  est.**  The  old  Englifth  translation  of  the  Ulster  Annals  ia 
the  British  Moşeam  (Cod.  Clarendon.  tom.  47.  Avscough,  4795),  renden  the 
name  Je£Frey ;  it  is  of  ten  written  Godfrey.  Much  confusion  hae  been  caused  by 
not  distinguishing  this  name  from  that  of  his  brother  Sitriacc  or  Sitric;  see 
p.  29  n.  ^.  But  the  error  has  been  avoided  by  Mr.  Hodgson  Hinde,  continuator 
of  Hodgson's  Northumberland  (i.  p.  138-154) ;  he  has  fallen  however  into 
a  different  mistake  in  making  the  sons  of  Sitriacc,  sons  of  Jeffrey  or  Godfrey 
(see  p.  276).  The  Editor  had  not  perceived  the  cause  of  this  conforion,  when  he 
wrote  the  note  <,  p.  Ixxxi.  supra,  The  first  Sitric,  meutionedin  that  note,  and 
called  son  of  Ivar,  is  really  Sichfritli,  or  Jeffrey,  vhom  Mr.  Hodgson  Hinde 
always  calls  Godfrey,  and  who  was  slain  888.  There  is  great  difficnlty  howerer 
in  the  Chronology;  f(»r  if  Sichfrith  was  the  leader  of  the  party  opposed  to 
Sitriuc  in  893,  he  couldnot  have  been  murdered  in  888;  and  if  Sitriacc  was  in 
command  of  those  who  fled  to  Scotland  in  902,  he  was  not  slain  in  896.  This 
latter  Sitriacc  is  expressly  called  **  Son  of  Ivar "  (p.  29),  and  therefoie  moat 
have  been  the  Sitriacc  No.  (^)  suprem  It  was  Sitriacc  Gale,  grandson  of  Ivar, 
who  fled  to  Scotland  in  902.     See  Table  VII.  (B.)  No,  (<),  p.  279. 

(*)This  Sitriacc  is  called  '4ord  of  the  foreignen  of  Limerick,'*  and  father 
of  the  Aralt  or  Ilarold  who  in  940  (Four  M.,  938)  was  slain  in  Connatfght, 
by  the  Conraighe  of  Aidhne,  in  the  co.  of  Galway.  Sitriacc  was  slain  by  his 
own  coantrymen,  "ab  aliis  Nordmannis  occisas,"  in  896  (895  Uit.,  891  Foar  M.) 
(>)  Thi«  Amlaf  is  most  probably  the  "  Amlaimh  Haa  Imair,"or  Olaf,  grmndsoii 
of  Ivar,  who  perished  in  a  slaaghter  of  the  foreigners  by  the  CoDaille  (people  of 
Loath)  and  by  Athdeidh  son  of  Laigne,  896  (895  Uit.,  891  Foar  M.) 

(«) Aralt  or  Harold  is  called  "Aralt  grandson  of  Ivar  and  son  of  Sitric  lord 
of  the  foreigners  of  Limerick;**  Foar  M.  "Harold  O'Hymer  King  of  Um 
Danes  of  Limerick  was  killed  in  Connanght  at  Bath-eyney.'*  Clonm.  988  (A.D. 
940).    See  No.  (»)• 


272  APPENDIX  B. 

Table  VII.      O  Magnus  "  son  of  Aralt,  with  the  Lagnianns  of  the  islanda,**  plnndered 
(A).  InU  Cathaigh  [Scattery  island  at  the  month  of  the  Shannon]  and  carried  off 

—        Ivar  lord  of  the  foreignera  of  Limerick,  A.D.  974  (972,  Four  M.)     In  973, 
fth    S^  ^®  '^  mentioned  by  Fior.  Wigom.  ander  the  name  of  "  Maccns  plnrimamm 
of  Ivar  of    ^^  insularum,"  as  one  of  the  eight  "  subreguli "  who  followed  King  Eadgar  to 
Limerick.     Chester;  after  which  he  seems  to  havesailed  ronndto  Limerick.   Monum.  Hist. 

Brit.  p.  578  A.     Lagman  seems  to  have  been  originally  a  title  of  office,  (Lagft- 

madr,  is  jurisconsultus) ;  see  Olnf  the  Saint's  Saga,  (Heimskringla,  Saga,  Tii.  c. 
76,  80,  81.  Laing,  ii.  pp.  86-94).  But  the  Four  Maştere  speaik  of  theLagmans 
as  a  tribe  of  the  Norsemen  frora  the  Inşi  Gali  or  western  islanda  of  Scotland. 
The  first  mention  of  thera  is  under  the  year  A.D.  962  (960  Four  M.),  when  they 
came  with  the  fleet  of  the  son  of  Amiaibh  and  plundered  the  coast  of  Louth, 
Howth,  and  Inis  Mac  Nessain  (now  Ireland's  £ye).  They  afterwards  went  to 
Munster  "  to  avenge  their  brother,  i.e.,  Oin.**  The  son  of  Amiaibh  who  wmb 
their  leader  on  this  occasion  may  have  been  a  son  of  Amlaf  (son  of  Sitriucc), 
No.  (3)  8upra^  wfaose  name  is  not  recorded.  But  it  is  more  probable  that  we 
shoald  read  Amlaf,  insteadof  son  of  Amlaf,  în  the  text  of  the  Four  M.^meaning 
Amlaf  Lagman  No.  (6).  *■*■  The  fleet  of  Lagman,"  taking  Lagman,  apparently, 
as  the  name  of  a  man,  is  mentioned  p.  41  suprcu 

(<)  Godfrey  Haroldson  b  called  "  King  of  the  Inşi  Gali  **  or  Western  Islanda 
of  the  foreigners,  by  TigerDach  and  Uit.,  A.D.  989,  in  which  year  he  was  sUin  by 
the  Dalriada.  The  Ann.  Uit.  record  a  great  battle  at  the  Isle  of  Man  in  986 ; 
"  by  the  son  of  Harold  [Mac  Arailt]  and'  the  Danes  **  in  which  1,000  were  alain. 
Thia  Battle  is  mentioned  by  the  Ann.  Cambrise  at  978 :  "  Gothrit  filins  Haraldi, 
cum  nigris  Gentilibos,  vastavit  Mon  [Man],  captis  doobus  millibua  hominnm  ;** 
and  in  Brut  y  Tywys.  A.D.  970,  (where  Man  is  called  Mon  or  Mona)  a  secoad 
entry  of  the  same  event  is  given  under  the  year  986,  which  agnses  with  the 
date  given  in  Uit.     See  also  Brut.  979,  981. 

(7)  RagnaU  Godfreyson  is  called  '^  King  of  the  Islea,'*  Uit,  A.D.  1004-5,  în 
which  year  bis  death  is  recorded. 

(S)  Amlaf  Lagman,  *^  son  of  Godfrey,"  is  mentioned  above,  p.  165,  and  Introd. 
p.  dxxiv.  **  Amlaf  son  of  Lagman,"  is  mentioned,  p.  207,  as  oue  of  the  heroes 
on  the  Danish  side  killed  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf .  See  above  No.  (<),  and  Uit. 
1014. 

(B)  Ragnairs-son  is  not  named,  and  it  is  difficult  to  believe  that  the  chieftain 
80  caUed,  and  said  to  have  been  slain  942,  Uit.  (940,  Four  M.),  could  have  been 
the  son  of  the  RagnaU  Godfreyson,  who  lived  to  1005.  But  the  mention  of  *'  hts 
islanda  **  seems  to  show  that  this  Ragnalson  was  of  the  branch  of  the  Hy  Ivar 
which  settled  in  the  Isles.  The  account  of  his  death  in  Uit.  is  as  followa : — 
**  Donlethglaia  [Downpatrick]  was  plundered  by  foreigners;  God  and  Patrick 
took  vengeanoe  npon  them.  He  [viz.,  God]  brought  foreigners  across  the  aea, 
who  took  their  islanda ;" — [not  iaUmA,  as  Dr.  0*Donovan,  foUowing  the  old 
tranalation,  renders  the  word] ; — **  the  King  escaped,  but  waa  alain  by  the  Gaedhil 
[501*01^]  on  the  main-land."  Here  it  will  be  observed  the  King  is  not  named« 
It  ia  from  the  Four  M.  we  leam  that  be  waa  the  son  of  RagnaU,  which  poasibly 
may  be  a  mistake,  as  it  does  not  appear  whence  the  Four  M.  derived  their 
Information ;  there  wUl  be  no  difficulty  if  we  read  RagnaU,  instead  of  Son  of 
RagnaU.  It  is  possible  however  that  the  date  1005  assigned  to  RagnalTs  death 
in  Uit  may  be  wrong.    The  Four  M.  have  not  repeated  it. 


APPENDIX  D.  273 

There  are  some  names  mentioned  în  the  Annals,  which  from  Table  VII. 
their  connexion  with  Limerick  would  seem  to  have  belonged  to  ^^^' 
this  branch  of  the  Hy  Ivar.     These  will  requîrc  a  few  remarks. 

I.  Barith  is  probably  the  same  who  is  said  to  have  been  slain  ^f  ^jj^  ^^ 
and  burnt  at  Dublin  for  his  sacrilege  in  plundering  the  oratorj  of  Ivar  of 
of  St.  Cianan,  A.D.880  (=878  Four  M.)     Ile  is  called  "  Lord  ^'"«^«^• 
of  Limerick  "  by  the  Foiir  M.  at  922  (= A.D.  924).    Three  sons 
of  this  chief\ain  are  mentioned: — 1.  Uathmaran,who  landed  with 
20  ships  in  Donegal,  but  committed  no  depredation,  A.D.  922 
(=919  Four  M.)     2.  Colla,  who  is  mentioned  as  in  command 
of  a  fleet  on  Loch  Ribh,  924  (=922  Four  M.)     3.  Elair,  who 
fell  in  battle   against  the  Ui  Amhalgaidh,   or  inhabitants  of 
Tirawley,  891  (=888  Four  M.) 

The  Baraid  or  Barith,  mentioned  eh.  xxv.  pp.  25-27  is  pro- 
bably  the  same.  He  appears  to  have  bcen  connected  with  the 
White  Gentiles  of  Dublin,  and  is  said  to  have  plundered  all  the 
Southern  coast  of  Ireland  from  Dublin  to  Kerry  in  conjunction 
with  "  Amlaîhh's  son,"  i.e.,  the  son  of  Olafthe  White,  probably 
Thorstein  Raudr  (see  Table  VI.)  His  plunder  of  the  caves  and 
sepulchral  chambers  on  this  expedition  is  particularly  mentioned 
(p.  25^  Introd.  p.  Ixxiv).  A  battle  between  "  the  Fair  Gentiles 
and  Black  Gentiles,"  the  former  under  the  command  of  Barith, 
the  latter  under  "  Ragnall's  son,"  is  next  recorded  (p.  27).  Who 
Ragnall's  son  was  does  not  appear,  but  he  fell  with  many  of  his 
followers  in  this  engagement,  and  there  is  reason  to  think  that 
the  battle  was  fought  not  long  beforo  the  year  877,  when  the 
Black  Gentiles,  after  the  death  of  their  leader  Bagnall's-son, 
took  refuge  in  Scotland  (see  p.  Ixxv.;  Elsewhere  (Fragm.  p. 
173)  we  read  of  Barith  marching  through  the  middle  of  Con- 
naught  towards  Limerick  (A.D.  866).  His  troops  are  there 
called  ^^  Lochlanns,"  or  White  Gentiles.  He  met  with  such 
rcsistance  in  Connaught  that  he  was  forced  to  retum  '^  to  the 
place  from  which-  they  had  set  out ;"  the  place  however  is  not 
named.  In  873,  the  settlement  of  Barith,  with  his  fleet  on 
Lough  Ree  is  mentioned  by  the  same  Annals  (Fragm.  p.  197). 
These  dates  wiil  square  very  well  with  the  history  of  the  Barith, 
lord  of  Limerick,  who  was  bumed  at  Dublin  in  880;  and  all 
these  adventures  apparently  belong  to  the  same  person.  Barith 
probably  arrived  in  Ireland,  and  took  the  command  of  the 
Limerick  colony,  soon  after  the  death  of  TurgesiuB.  At  all  events 

T 


274 


APFEKDIX  D. 


Table  VII.  he  trafi  in  possessîon  before  the  bods  of  Ivar,  wbose  genealogj  in 
(A).  given  in  the  present  Table. 

~  There  is  mention  of  another  Barid,  called  Mac  nOitir,  or  son 

of^he^  of  Ottar,  who  was  slain  bj  Ragnall  of  Waterford,  grandson  of 
of  Irar  of  Jyar»  in  a  batUe  at  the  Isle  of  Man,  A.D.  913 ;  (see  p.  Ixzziy). 
^''^^    *    Thifl  must  have  been  a  different  Barid,  not  in  anj  way  perhaps 

connected  with  Limerick. 
Irar,  II.  The  amval  at  Limerick  of  ''  lyar,  grandson  of  Irar,  Cbîef 

f^^î^  King  of  the  foreigners,  with  an  immenselj  great  fleet,"  is  men- 
Limerick.  tioned,  p.  49,  supr.  This  event  is  not  noticed  in  the  Annals,  pio- 
bablj  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  fixing  its  exact  date  (soe  p.  oii). 
Ivar  is  said  to  have  landed  at  Inis  Sibhtonn^,  or  King's  Ishind, 
the  same  place  which  had  been  occupied  bj  a  former  partj  of 
invaders  under  Tamar  son  of  Ailgi  or  Elgi  in  922  (see  eh.  xzxiiL 
p.  39,  supr,)  He  was  probablj  the  same  who  was  carried  off  from 
Scatterj  island  in  944,  bj  Magnus  son  of  Haiald  and  the  Lag- 
mans  of  the  iales ;  Foar  M.  See  No.  (*)  supra.  But  the  Editor 
is  not  able  to  supplj  the  link  between  him  and  Ivar  his  grand- 
&ther,  or  to  determine  whether  in  this  case,  by  the  word ''  grand- 
son ^  a  more  remote  descendant  maj  not  be  intended.  The  Fonr 
M.  at  928  and  929  (=A.D.  930,  931)  mention  him  as  in  oom- 
mand  of  the  foreigners  of  Limerick  encamped  at  Magh  Boighne^ 
a  oelebrated  plain  in  Ossory.  He  was  therefore  at  Limerick 
before  that  jear,  and  probablj  came  with  the  expedition  nnder 
Tomar,  son  of  Ailgi,  in  922.    See  Introd.  p.  ev,  cvi. 

The  Dublin  Danes  were  hostile  to  the  partj  of  the  Limerick 
Danes,  under  Tomar,  as  well  as  to  those  under  lyar,  which  seems 
to  f  avour  the  supposition  that  these  were  at  least  allies.  In  923 
or  924,  Godfrej  came  from  Dublin  to  attack  the  limerick 
foreigners,  called  sons  of  Ailgi,  but  was  defeated,  with  loss ;  and 
in  931  we  read  of  the  same  Oodfrej  going  to  Magh  Boighne  in 
Ossory  to  displace  Ivar  grandson  of  Ivar.  The  curious  thing  in 
this  was  that  Qoă&ej  was  also  himself  a  grandson  of  Ivar ;  and 


^IfdtSOhtond,  The  Foar  M.  (A.D. 
965, 969)  caii  this  plAoe  Inis  Ubhdonn, 
whenoe  some  have  conjectnred  that  its 
nai  name  was  given  it  by  the  Scan- 
dinavian  settlen,  and  was  Inis  Odinn 
or  Woden,  corrupted  by  the  Irish  to 
Inis  Ubhdonn  and  Inis  Sibhtonn. 


*Magh  Rotghne.  An  andent  &ur 
was  held  here,  which  seems  to  hare 
been  snspended,  owing  perhaps  to  the 
disturbed  state  of  the  coontry,  bnt 
it  was  renewed  by  Cearbhall,  king  of 
Ossoiy,  in  A.D.  861  [659  of  the  Foor 
H.] 


APPffln>ix  D.  276 

the  canse  of  ibis  enmity  between  the  kindred  tribes  remains  to  be  Table  ¥Iîv 

explaîned.  ^^^ 

The  descendants  of  this  Jyar,  grandson  of  Ivar  (see  above  p.  q^^ 

49.  Introd.  p.  cii)»  are  shown  in  the  following  Table :—  of  theaons 

of  iTtr  of 
Iyar(i)  of  Limerick,  grandson  of  Ivar.  LimoridL 

Dabhcenn(2).  SI.  977.  Caalluâ(s).  SI.  977.      Ana<0  or 

I  HarolcL 

I 1 

Amond.  SL 1014.  OaU  (or  Floai).  SI.  1012. 

Q)  Thifl  Ivar  îs  represented  hj  onr  anthor  (if  the  text,  as  printed,  p^  108,  be 
correct)  to  have  been  slain  by  Brian, — whose  bitter  enemy  he  was, — and  bis  two 
Bons,  Dttbhcenn  and  CoaUaid,  by  the  O^Donnells  of  CorcobhaUcinn ;  but  the 
reading  of  the  Bnusels  MS.  represents  them  as  having  been  aU  slain  together 
by  the  0*Donnells ;  and  Tighemach  (A.D.  977),  whoee  words  un  copied  by  the 
Four  H.,  speaks  of  the  sanctnary  of  Inis  Cathaigh  having  been  violated  by 
Brian,  ^^against  the  Gaill  of  Limerick,  Le.,  Ivar  and  his  son  Amlaf  and  his 
other  son  Dubhcon,'*  but  does  not  say  that  they  vere  slain.  See  Introd.,  p. 
czxxv.  Ivar  had  been  active  in  inciting  the  Munster  chieftains  to  rise 
against  Brian,  and  was  the  head  of  their  organization  against  the  Dal-Cais. 
(See  p.  71.)  Mathgamhain  or  Mahonn  had  expelled  Ivar  from  Inis  IJbhdain  in 
967  (=965  Four  M.)  and  plundered  Limerick,  971  (  =  969  Four  M.)  See  chap. 
liii.,  p.  79.  The  Brussels  MS.  states  that  Ivar  and  his  sons  were  slain  a  year 
after  the  mnrder  of  Mathgamhain,  Le.,  in  977.  This  agrees  with  Tighemach. 
The  mnrder  of  Mathgamhain  îs  said  to  have  been  instigated  by  Ivar  and  hia 
son  Dubhcenn ;  see  eh.  IviiL,  p.  87.     Introd.,  p.  cxxv. 

O  Dubhcenn,  is  Celtic  (Blackhead),  and  was  probably  a  nickname  g^ven 
by  the  Irish»  His  original  Scandinavian  name  is  nnknown.  See  eh.  xL,  p^  4S. 
He  is  called  Dubhcon  by  Tighemach  (977),  which  is  probably  the  misinter- 
pretation  of  a  contraction.  His  son  Amond  is  enumerated  among  the  slain  on 
the  side  of  the  Danes  in  the  battle  of  Glontarf  (p.  207),  and  is  there  said  to  have 
been  one  of  the  two  kings  of  Port  Lairge  or  Waterford;  **6oistilin  GaU," 
who  is  not  elsewhere  mentioned,  having  been  the  other.  Osii,  the  second  son 
of  Dubhcenn,  appears  to  have  been  on  Brian^s  side.  He  is  called  ^  an  offloer  of 
Brian  and  one  of  his  high  stewards,**  and  was  slain  in  Meath  by  Flaithbhertaeh 
O'Neill,  about  the  year  1012.  Four  M.    See  p.  147.  Introd.,  p.  clxv. 

(')  Cnallaid,  is  also  apparently  an  Irbh  nickname.  Tigem.  (at  977)  and  Four 
M.  (at  975),  caii  him  Amlaimh,  or  Olaf.  See  Introd.,  p.  cili.,  n.  i,  where  it  is 
suggested  Uiat  he  may  have  been  the  same  as  Olaf  Cenncairech  [Scabby-head] 
of  Limerick,  who  is  mentioned  nnder  that  name  in  the  Fonr  M.  and  in  the  Annala 
of  Clonmacnois.    See  Four  Mast.,  935,  p.  632,  note.    Introd.,  p.  ciiL,  note  K 

(*)  This  Aralt  or  Harold,  after  the  death  of  his  father  and  his  two  brothers, 
appears  to  have  been  recognised  as  King  of  the  Munster  Danes.  Donovan,  after 
the  murder  of  Mahoun,  made  alliance  with  him,  and  both  were  slain  by  Brian, 
at  the  battle  of  Gathair  Cuan,  978 ;  see  eh.  bdv.  p.  108,  and  Introd.  p.  czxztL 
We  have  no  fnrther  mention  of  this  Aralt  mac  Ivar  in  the  Aanals* 

T2 


A 


276  APPEXDIX  D. 

<Table  VII.       UI.  In  the  account  given  of  the  sacking  of  Limerick,  after 

^^^'  tbe  victory  of  the  Dai  Cais  at  Sulcoit,  A.D.  968,  (see  eh.  Iii., 

"       liiî.,  p.  76-79),  we  have  a  list  of  the  Danîsh  leaders  slaiii  in  the 

of  thewS»  town.      But  the  names  are   evidently  so  corrupt  (see  p.  78, 

of  Ivar  of   note  3),  that  this  list  gives  us  no  real  information ;  among  them 

*"^  '    are  found  Manus  or  Magniis  of  Li  meri ck,  and  Somarlid,  names 

afterwards  common  among  the  chicftains  of  Man  and  the  Oîrîr 

Gaedhel  of  Argyle ;  also  Tolbart,  for  which  we  should  probably 

read  Torolf ;  and  Ruamond  orRcdraond.   Sigurd,  Earl  of  Orkney, 

who  was  slain  at  Clontarf,  had  a  son  Somarlid,  who  maj  have 

been  the  Somarlid  slain  at  Linierick  on  this  occasion  ;  Ileimsk. 

(Sag.  vii.,  c.  99.  Laing  ii.,  p.  131).    The  Heimsk.  indeed  sajsthat 

Somarlid,  son  of  Sigurd, lived  not  long,  but  died  in  his  bed  (ibid.,  c 

100);  but  the  Sagas  are  often  misinformed  respecting  thosewho 

went  to  England  or  Ireland  and  never  retur ned.     In  the  poetical 

account  of  the  victory  (p.  81)  Manus  is  called  '^Magnus  Berna," 

which  Keating  understands  as  two  names,  Magnns  (or  as  he  reads 

Muirîs),  and  Bernard. 

(B).  Orandaona  of  Ivar  (Dublin  Branch). 

The  Hy  It  is  not  known  from  t\  hat  son  of  Ivar  Beinlaus  the  Danes  of 

ţr*' ?'  Dublin  and  Waterf ord  were  descended ;  nor  does  it  necessarily 
Waterford.  foUow  that  their  original  leaders  were  all  brothers,  or  sons  of  the 
same  father;  some  may  have  been  first  cousins  only,  and  all 
nevertheless  grandsons  of  Ivar.  It  has  been  suggested  indeed,  în 
consequence  of  the  silence  of  the  Annals  as  to  their  father,  that 
they  were  descended  from  a  daughter  of  Ivar,  married  to  some 
Scottish  chieftain  ;  and  it  is  certain  that  the  Egils-Saga  (cap.  ÎL, 
p.  266)  favours  this  con jec ture  by  describing  Olaf  the  Red  (i.e., 
Olaf  Guaran,  King  of  Dublin  and  Northumbria)  as  ^^  patemo 
genere  Scotus,  materno  Danus,  ex  stirpe  Ragnaris  Lodbrok  f 
(see  Robertson*8  Scotland  under  her  early  Kings,  i.,  p.  56,  it.) 
Mr.  Hodgson  Hinde,  in  the  first  voi.  of  Hodgson's  Northum- 
berland  (p.  lo4),  makes  the  Dublin  Danes  sons  of  Sichfrith 
(whom  he  calls  Godfrey),  son  of  Ivar.  This  is  an  instance  of 
the  confusion  between  the  names  Sichfrith  and  Sitric  already 
noticed  (see  p.  271),  and  is  the  more  curious  because  Mr.  Hodg:5on 
Hinde  was  himself  (the  Editor  believes)  the  first  to  detect 
and  correct  that  confusion.  But  after  having  pointed  oat  the 
distinction  between  the  two  brothers,  he  erroneoosly  appiies 


APPENDIX  D. 


277 


to  Sitrlc  a  passage  in  the  historian  Ethelward,'  whîch  reallj  Table  VII. 
belongs  to  Sichfrith,  or  Godfrey,  and  then  he  adds — "  Sitric  Is  not  (®)- 
known  to  have  lefi  any  descendants,  but  Godfrey  had  four  sons." 
In  these  words  the  truth  is  reversed.     Sichfrith  (or  Godfrey)  is  i^*^  ^f 
not  known  to  have  left  descendants.     Sitric  had  two  at  least,  if  Dablinand 
not  three  or  four  sons,  and  left  a  numerous  posterity,  who  are  W**®"®"^- 
all  ignored  by  Mr.  H.  Hinde.  See  Table  (A),  p.  271. 

A  genealogy  of  those  descendants  of  Kegnar  Lodbrok,  ivho 
had  setticd,  or  ^'  harried"  in  England,  îs  given  in  the  notes  on  the 
celebrated  Anglo-Saxon  poem  aboiit  the  battle  of  Brunanburh, 
Langebek,  tom.  iu,  p.  4 1 3.  In  this  genealogy  there  is  curioos  con- 
fnsion  ;  the  Dublin  Danes,  called  by  the  Irish  grandsons  of  Ivar, 
are  made  sons  of  Guthred,*  son  of  Horda  Cnut,  see  Table  VI., 
(B),  No.  (2),  p.  266 ;  and  Ivar  does  not  appear  in  their  genealogy 
at  all.  Sitric,  the  father  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  K.of  Dublin  and  Nor- 
thumbna,  is  made  to  have  had  a  brother,  who  was  slain  by  him  at 
921,  viz.,  Niall  or  Nigellus,  "  King  of  Northumbria."  This,  as 
Mr.  H.  Hinde  has  shown,  was  no  other  than  Niall  Glundubh, 
King  of  Ireland,  who  never  was  King  of  Northumbria,  and  was 
no  Dane,  nor  brother  of  Sitric,  but  a  genuine  Irishman  of  the  race 
of  the  Northern  Hy  Neill  or  Cinel-Eoghan  (see  Table  I.p.  245). 
This  Niall  was  slain  by  Sitric  in  a  bloody  battle  near  Dublin,  in 
9 1 9.  See  eh.  xxxi.  p.  '65  supr.  The  mistake,  however,  is  pardon- 
able  in  a  foreign  author  ;  for  it  has  the  authority  of  the  Saxon 
Chron.(A.D.921)  Henr. Huntend.  (Monum. Hist. Brit  p.745,B), 
Simeon  Dunelm.  (ib.,  p.  686,  B),  and  other  English  historiaos. 

In  the  followîng  Table  no  opinion  is  expressed  as  to  the  father 
or  fathers  of  the  original  invaders,  Sitric;  Gotfrith,  or  Godfrey,  ^^ 

of  Dublin ;  Ragnall  of  Waterford ;  and  Ivar,  who  perished  in 
Scotland.  They  are  generally  regarded  as  brothers,  and  the 
Irish  authorities  unanimously  caii  them  all  '^  grandsons  of  Ivar," 
or  Hy  Ivar. 


^  Eihelward.  "  H'w  ita  gestis,  Sige- 
ferth  piraticns  de  North-hymbriorum 
advehitur  ardna  cum  classe  per  littora 
vastat  bis  tempore  in  uuo,  \ela  post 
vertit  ad  proprias  sedes." — Chron.  lib. 
ir.f  A.D.  895.  (Munam.  Hist.  Brit., 
p.  518ţ  D).  Ethelward^ît  text  seeins 
to  Deed  Bome  emendation. 

^Guthred.  For  this  mistake  may 
be  quoted  the  authority  of  the  lost 
"Geî»ta  Anglorum,"  cited  by  Adam. 


Bremen.,  lib.  ii.  15,  where  we  read 
"  Anţţlia  autem,  ut  supra  diximns,  et 
in  Gestis  Anglomm  scribitur,  post 
niortem  Gudrcdi  a  filiis  ejus  Analaf, 
Sightric,  et  Reginold,  per  annos  fere 
centum,  permansit  in  ditione  Dan- 
orum."  Nevertheless  Lappenber^,  al- 
though  he  quutes  this  passage  as  his 
authority,  calls  the  supposed  sons  of 
Guthred  '*  Nid,  Sihtric,  and  Regnald.** 


278 


▲PPENBIX  D. 


Table  VIL 
(B). 

TheHy 
Irar  of 
Dablin  and 
Waterford. 


Sa» 


Oi 

« 

O 


-l 


OQ 


.V 


S  06 

.va 


es  O) 


«ŞH-d 


O 


3 

O 


.— fe» 


O 


So 


-3 
o 


C 


-l 


52 


^E 


s 


5 


00 


O  ® 


<î 


r 


-  a  O) 

na 

O 


Să 


4 


O 


^ 


■4~^ 


^g 


«^ 


M 


o  6 


OQ 


00    5^ 


I 


■li 


•g 


^^^ 


(^ 


5' 

m 

1 

0 

< 

1 

II 

• 

P 

1^ 

APPENDIX  D.  279 

(1)  Thifl  Ivar,  who  îs  expressly  called  '^gnmdson  of  Ivar/'  was  sUin  in  Tabla  VII. 
Portrenn,  A.D.  903  (=904  Uit.)  See  Beevos,  Adanm.*  p.  882,  a    This  waa  (B)* 
about  a  year  af ter  the  expolsion  of  the  Danes  of  Dublin  by  Maelfinnia,  K«  of       — ^ 
Bregia,  and  Cearbhall,  aon  of  Moiregan,  K.  of  Leinster. .  They  fled  to  Scot-  The  Hy 
land  nnder  the  command  of  Sitriac,  "  son  of  Ivar/*  who  had  mnrdered  hia  Ivar  of 
brother  Sichfrith,  the  leader  of  the  party  opposed  to  him  in  Dublin.    The  ^^^^'     1 
Ivar  slain  in  Fortrenn  waa  probably  one  of  this  party.     See  Introd.,  p.  Ixxzii, 
and  Table  (A),  No.  (<)  p.  271.     Robertson,  ScGOand  under  ker  early  Kingt, 
i>  p.  55f  56.  « 

(>)  Sitric,  called  Caoch  [blind,  or  one-eyed],  by  our  author,  and  Gale 
[hero?]  by  the  Foui  M.,  arrived  in  Dublin  "with  a  prodigions  royal  fleet"  in 
888.  See  p.  29,  and  Introd.,  p.  Ixxyili.  In  902  or  908  he  left  Ireland  and  took 
refugii  in  ScoUand,  but  retumed  in  917  (=915  Fonr  M.),  and  settled  at  Cenn 
Faait.  See  p.  35,  c  xzx,  and  Introd.,  p.  Ixxxiz.  In  918  he  recovered 
Dublin,  and  in  919  fonght  the  battle  of  Kilmaahogne  (called  also  the  battle 
of  Dublin),  where  King  Niall  Glundubh  and  many  other  chieftains  were  slain. 
See  eh.  xxxi.,  p.  85.  Introd.,  p.  xc,  xci.  Four  M.  At  this  battle  the  com- 
manders  on  the  Danish  side  were  "Imhar  and  Sitric  Gale,"  according  to 
the  Four  M.,  who  are  the  only  authority  for  this  mention  of  an  Imhar  or 
Ivar  at  the  battle.  Keating  says  that  the  battle  was  gained  "  by  Sitric  and  the 
Clann  Ivar,"  which  is  probably  the  true  reading.  The  Ann.  Uit  do  not  name 
the  Danish  leaders,  but  slmply  record  (918=919)  **  a  battle  (bellum)  gained  by 
the  Gentiles  over  the  GaedhlL"  The  next  year  Sitric  was  forced  to  quit  Dublin, 
*<per  potestatem  divinam,"*  as  the  same  Annals  (920)  say.  He  seems  to  have 
gone  over  to  Mercia,  for  Simeon  of  Durham  (at  920)  menţiona  his  having 
plundered  Davenport  in  Cheshire  in  that  year.  He  is  called  King  of  the  Northum- 
brians,  Sax.  Chr.  925.  The  same  authority,  and  Fior.  Wigom.  teii  ns  that  in 
that  year  he  married  ^thelstan's  sister,  but  in  926  (=A.D.  927)  he  died— 
^*  Sitric,  grandson  of  Imhar,  King  of  Dubhgall  and  Finngall,  inimatura  atâta 
mortuus  est."    Uit  927. 

(8)  Gothfrith,  Guthred,  or  Guthferth,  has  by  some  been  called  son  of  Sitrio, 
on  the  authority  of  Fior.  Wigom.,  who  at  926  saya  '*  Cujus  [Sitrici]  regnum  rex 
^thektanus,  filio  illius  Guthflrdo,  qui  patri  in  regnum  successerat,  expulio, 
suo  adjecit  imperio."  The  A.  Sax.,  Sim.  Dnnelm.,  and  Henr.  Huntend.  at  927, 
mention  the  expulsion  of  Guthred,  but  do  not  caii  him  the  son  of  Sitric. 
Huntend.  says  that  Guthred  was  the  father  of  the  Regînald,  who,  in  926,  had 
acquîred  York,  and  in  943  was  conârmed  by  the  bishop.  See  also  Fior. 
Wigom.  943, 944.  But  this  was  Bagnall,  No.  (»),  son  of  Gothbrith  or  Godfrey, 
No.  (<),  in  the  foregoing  Table.  Godfrey,  Gothfrith  or  Gofraidh,  son  of  Sitric, 
is  mentioned  by  the  Four  M.  as  having  escaped  from  the  great  slaughter  of  the 
Danes  of  Dublin  at  the  battle  of  Muine-Brocain  in  950,  (see  Introd.,  p.  xcyi,  n.) ; 
in  the  next  year,  with  the  Danes  of  Dublin,  he  plundered  Kells  and  sereral 
other  chnrches  of  Meath ;  (Uit  951.  Four  M.  949=951).  If  he  was  old  enough 
in  950  to  take  the  lead  in  battle,  he  could  not  have  been  son  of  Sitric,  son  of 
Olaf  Cuaran,  the  hero  of  Clontarf  [No.  (i*)],  who  lîved  to  1042  (Tig.)  He  must, 
therefore,  have  been  son  of  the  elder  Sitric  [No.  (*)],  and  brother  of  Olaf  Cuaran. 
He  does  not  appcar  to  have  had  any  connexion  with  Northumbria,  and  must 
not  beconfounded  with  his  father's  brother  or  cousin-german,  Gothfrith,  No.  (^), 
who  is  spoken  of  in  the  authorities  now  to  be  quoted. 

(^}  This  Gothbrith,  as  his  name  is  written  in  itke  Irish  Annals,  (called  Gothrin, 


iHQ 


APPENDIX  t). 


Table  VIL 
(B). 

TheHy 
Ivar  of 
Dublin. 


Olaf 
Guaran. 


p.  87  svp'a)j  ^vas  no  doubttiie  same  as  the  Guthred,  Guthfritk  or  GodfK>%  sUp^ 
posed  to  have  been  the  son  of  Sitric,  (see  preceding  note),  bot  called  alwajs 
"grandâon  of  Ivar"  in  the  Irish  AnnalSf  and  therefore  really  Sitric's  brother  or 
cousin-german.  The  MS.  D.,  of  the  pr^nt  work,  ealls  him  "son  of  Ivar," 
but  in  B.  he  is  correctly  called  "grandson."  See  p,  37,  ».  •.  He  was  one  of 
the  leaders  with  Ragnall  of  Waterford,  Ottir,  and  Gragaban,  who  invada 
"the  men  of  Alba"  and  North  Saxons  in  918.  (Uit.)  See  Introd.,  p.  btxxvi. 
Reeves's  Adamnan,  p.  332,  n.  f.  He  plnndered  Armaii^h  and  the  North  of 
Ireland  in  921  (see  Intro<l..  p.  xcii,  Circuit  of  Muircheartach,  p.  C),  and  the 
same  year,  Sitric  havin^  ubandoned  Dublin  in  92(>  [see  No.  (^)],  and  Ragnall 
of  Waterford  having  died  in  921,  Gothbrith  became  K.  of  Dublin  and  prob- 
ably  of  Waterford  (Uit,  920=921),  for  yre  find  "  the  son  of  Gothfraith"  plun- 
dering  Kildare  "  f rom  Waterford ;"  Four  M.  926.  In  923  Gothbrith  wa»  defeated, 
and  many  of  his  people  slain,  by  the  son  of  Ailche  (Uit.) ;  and  in  927,  on  the 
news  of  Sitric*s  sudden  deatb,  he  left  Dublin,  and  succeeded  as  R.  of  Nortbnra- 
bria,  but  was  therc  for  six  months  only,  (FourM.  925  =  A.D.  927),  having  been 
expelled,  as  we  bave  seen,  froni  Northumbria  by  /Ethelstan :  A.  Sax.  927. 
In  930,  Uit  (928  of  the  Four  :SL),  he  pluudered  and  demolished  Dearc  Feama, 
probably  the  cave  of  Dunmor,  near  Kilkenny  (O'Donovan,  note  in  loc)  In 
931  (929  Four  M.)  he  went  to  Ossory  to  expel  Ivar,  grandson  of  Ivar,  from  Magh 
Roighne.  See  Table  (A),  p.  274,  275.  In  934  (Uit.)  his  death  is  thua  recorded, 
"  Gothfrith  Ua  himair  rex  cmdelissimus  Nordmannorum  dolore  mortnus  est." 
See  also  Four  M.  932  (=A.D.  934),  who  caii  him  siroply  "Gothfrith,  lord  of 
foreigners."  The  Rc^ţinald,  mentioned  in  the  foregoing  note,  who  was  expelled 
from  Northumbria  with  Olaf  Cuaran  in  944  (A.  Sax.)  and  confinned  by  the 
bishop  in  943,  was  the  son  of  this  Gotlibrith.  See  No.  ('«)  in  the  Table,  p.  278w 
(*)  Olaf  or  Amlaiph  was  surnamed  Cuaran,  (Quaran,  or  Kuaran  in  the  Sagas), 
i.e.  Olaf  of  the  Sandal,  for  the  word  is  Irish ;  (see  above,  Introd.,  p.  ci,  «.)  He 
is  surnamed  also  Olaf  the  Rod  (Rufus^),  E^nls.  cap.  li.,  p.  206.  He  is  called  by 
the  Sax.  Chron.  "  Anlaf  of  Ireland,"  and  by  Fior.  Wigom  (A.D.  938)  "Hiber- 
nensium  multarumque  insularum  rex  Paganus  Anlalus."  He  is  frequently 
diatingniiahed  bolh  in  the  Irish  and  English  Chronicles  as  "  Sitricson ;""  and  great 
difficulties  have  been  oceasioned  by  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  Olaf  Cuaran,  and 
Olaf  Sitricson,  are  one  and  the  same  person.  His  history,  both  in  England  and 
Ireland,  is  also  so  mixed  up  with  that  of  Olaf,  son  of  Godfrey,  Na  ("),  who 
was,  like  Cuaran,  King  of  Dublin  and  Northumbria,  that  much  additional 
confusion  has  been  the  result.  The  Irish  Annals,  however,  assist  greatly  in 
clearing  up  this  confusion.  Upon  the  death  of  Sitric  [No.  (")],  in  927, "  the  Danea 
of  Dublin  left  Ireland"  (Clonm.),  and  Gothbrith  or  Gothfrith,  King  of  Dublin 
[No.  (*)]  went  over  to  secure  his  succcssion  to  the  throne  of  Northumberiand. 


1  Rufiu.  The  Four  M.,  in  Dr.  O'Con- 
or*8  translation,  (at  978),  caii  him 
Amlaf  of  the  "blood  red  colour,"  san- 
guinei coloris,  which  erroneous  ver-^ion 
has  misled  Mr.  Robertson  (Scotland 
under  her  early  Kings,  i.,  p.  63,  n.), 
who  finds  in  this  appellation  a  parallel 
to  the  Rufiis  of  the  Egil-saga.  But 
the  real  mcuning  of  the  Irish  phrnse 


an  c|*ainp.iuT)  (translated  by  O'Conor 
"blood- red"),  is  "in  particular,'^  as 
Dr.  O'Donovan  has  rightly  endered  it, 
See  O'Donovan's  Gramm.  p.  266,  and 
Zeuss  pp.  823.  Dr.  O'Conor's  a» 
t  sannr.  is  a  contracted  word,  which 
(if  written  in  fuU)  ought  to  be,  as 
in  O'Donovan's  text,  an  tsainrhtdh* 


APPENDIX  1).  281 

Olaf  Cuaran  seems  to  have  been  there  aiready,  but  vas  expelled  on  this  occasion  Table  VIÎ. 
with  Gothfritbţ  and  returned  to  Dublin.     And  now  bejţan  the  great  effort  to  (B). 

recover  Northurabria  from  the  hands  of  /Ethelstan.     Olaf  Cuaran  diflappears        

for  at  leaat  ten  years  from  the  Irish  Annals,  and  Olaf  Guthfrithson  or  God-  The  Hy 
freyson,  on  the  death  of  his  father  in  934,  became  King  of  Dublin.     Cuaran  !▼»'  o^ 
was  probahly  în  Scotland  during  this  interval,  where  he  married  a  daughter  of  *^**»>"'** 
Constantine  III.,  son  of  Aedh,  son  of  Kenneth  Mac  Ailpin.     He  ivas  supported 
and  urged  on  to  the  war  by  his  father-in-law,  "  a  socero  suo  rege  Scotorum  0'*^ 
Constantlno  incitatus,*^  saya  Fior.  Wigom.  at  938,  and  he  became  so  identified  *^'**^*"" 
with  Scotland,  as  the  leader  of  the  expedition,  that  Scandinavian  authorities 
caii  faim  ''  King  of  the  Scots ;"  Egils.  cap.  li.     In  933  iEthelstan  invaded  and 
plundered  Scotland  both  by  land  and  sea ;  (A.  Sax.  933.  Şira.  Dunelm.  934). 
Constantine  was  compelled  to  make  poace  and  to  give  his  son  as  a  hostage.^ 
Fior.  Wig.  934.     This  victor>',  however,  proved  ephemeral,  and  did  not  inter- 
rupt  the  active  preparations  for  the  coming  struggle,  made  by  Constantine  in 
conjtmction  with  the  Irish  Norsemen.     Meanwhile  Olaf  Godfreyson  was  not  idle 
in  Ireland.     In  929  he  plundered  Kildare  "  from  Port  Lairge,"  or  Waterford 
harbour,  that  is  to  say,  with  the  help  of  the  Dan»  of  Waterford,  of  whom  he 
seems  to  have  been  then  commander;  (Four  M.  927).     In  933  he  plundered 
Annagh,  aided  by  the  foreigners  of  Loch  Cuan  (Strangford  Lough) ;  and  in 
aUiance  with  Madudan,^  son  of  Aedh,  lord  of  Ulidia,  he  plundered  what  is  now 
the  co.  of  Monaghan ;  but  was  met  and  vanquished  by  Muircheartach  of  the 
Leather  cloaks,  lord  of  Ailech ;  (Four  M.  931  =  A.  D.  933).     In  the  same  and 
following  year  Olaf  Cenncairech  (Scabby  Head)  of  Limerick,  had  gained  a 
yictory  in  the  co.  of  Roscommon  OTer  the  chieftains  of  the  Hy  Many,  and  had 
plundered  as  far  as  Boyle  to  the  north,  and  Slieve  Baune  to  the  east,  (Four  M. 
931=:A.D.  932),  continuing  to  harrass  that  county  for  two  or  three  years.  Olaf 
Godfreyson  was  at  this  time  in  Meath,  and  in  935  had  taken  the  fortified  island 
of  Loch  Gabhair  (nnw  Logore,  near  Dunshaughiin),  and  the  cave  of  Cnoghbhai 
(or  Knowth)near  Slane;  Uit.  935.  Four  M.  933  (=A.D.  935).     Donnchadh, 
king  of  Ireland,  resenting  this  invasion  of  his  territor}',  and  taking  advantage 
of  Olafs  absence,  bumt  Dublin,  whereupon  Olaf  seems  to  have  immediately 
retnmed  thither.    Meanwhile,  Olaf  Cenncairech,  had  crossed  Breifne  (Fer- 
managh  and  Leitrim)  from  Loch  Eme  to  Loch  Ribh.     He  arrived  at  the 
Shannon  on  Christmas   night,  A.D.   93G,  and  remained  seven  months,  or 
nntil  the  end  of  July  in  the  following  year.     Then,  on  Lammas  Day,  937, 
Olave  Godfreyson  came  "''from  Diiblirij'*  as  the  Four  M.  expressly  teii  us,  "  and 
carried  off  Olaf  Cenncairech  wlih  the  foreigners  who  were  with  him,  after 
breaking  their  shîps."     The  objcct,  e%'idently,  was  to  compel  Cenncairech  and 
his  followers  to  serve  in  the  coming  war^  for  the  recovery  of  Northumbria,  and 

^Hostage.  The  son's  name  was  Ceai-  |  thechieftainsof  Ulidia,  No.  40.  Ecek». 
lach;  Ann.  Clonm.  (quoted  Four  M.  i  Antig.  ofDoum  and  Connor^  p.  355. 


935,  p.  634,  n.)  He  was  afterwards 
slain  at  the  battle  of  Brunanburh.  The 
completeness  of  ^thelstane's  victory 
is  evidently  exaggerated.  Robertson, 
Scotland,  voL  i.,  p.  62. 


9  Coming  war.  The  Ann.  Clonm. 
(quoted  by  O'Donovan,  Four  M.,  p. 
632),  say  '« the  Danes  of  Longh  Rie 
[i.e.  the  followers  of  Olaf  Cenncairech] 
arrived  at  Dublin'* — evidently  on  their 


*  Madudcm.  See  Dr.  Reeves's  list  of     way  to  England  with  Olaf  Godfreyson, 


282 


APPENDIX  D. 


Table  VII. 
(B). 

TheHy 
Ivar  of 
Dublin. 

Olnf 
Cuaraiu 


the  Foor  M.  add,  (immedîately  after  the  words  just  quoted),  *^tlie  farelgnen 
of  Dublin  left  their  fortress  and  went  to  England."  On  his  way  to  the 
Shannon,  on  ibis  occasion,  or  more  probably  on  bis  retum,  Olaf  Godfreyioii 
bad  plnndered  Clonmacnois,  and  quartered  his  soldioB  there  for  two  nights,  a 
tbingţ  says  the  annallst,  hitherto  unbeard  of,  **qnod  ab  antiquis  temporibos 
inauditum  est/'  Uit  986.  Tn  937  or  938  was  fought  the  famons  battk  of 
Brunanburh,  or  Brunan>byrig.  The  exact  site  and  modem  name  of  thîs  |>Uioe 
is  unknown,  bat  it  was  probably  in  Yorkshire,  and  not  far  from  the  moath  of 
the  Humber,  where  Olaf  Cuaran^  is  said  to  hare  entered  (Fior.  Wig.)  vith 
115ships;  (Sim.  Dnnelm.) 

Olaf  Godfreyson  was  certalnly  at  tliis  battie  (Cloum."),  but  it  ia  not  dear 
whether  he  or  his  name-sake  Sitricson  was  the  Olaf  who  is  said  in  the  poetica! 
account  presenred  in  the  Sax.  Chron.  to  have  fled  with  the  shattered  remains 
of  his  troops  to  Dublin.  It  is  probable  that  both  chieftains  took  refnge  in 
Ircland.  The  Ann.  of  Ulster  teii  us  that  in  938,  the  year  after  the  battie  of 
Bninanburh,  **  Olaf,  son  of  Godfrey,  came  again  (Le.,  retumed)  to  Ireland;* 
and,  they  add  immedîately  afterwards,  "  Cell-cuilinn*  was  plundered  by  Olaf 
Ua  Imair,  qnod  non  auditum  est  ab  antiquis  temporibus."*  In  the  next  year, 
939,  the  Foar  M.  repeat  this  entry :  "  Plunder  of  Cell-Cuilinn  by  the  foreigneis 
of  Dublin/'  butwithout  any  mention  of  Olaf  Ua  Imair,  or  any  other  leaderof 
the  plundering  party.  They  appear  evidently  to  have  assumed  that  in  the  former 
entry  Olaf  Godfreyson  and  Olaf  Ua  Imair  were  one  and  the  same,^  for  they  make 
mention  of  but  one  Olaf  and  omit  the  second  plundering  of  Cell-Cnilinn  alto- 
geth^r,  or  rather,  perhaps,  transfer  it  to  their  year  944  (  =  A.D.  946),  where  they 
distinctly  mention  Olaf  Cuaran  as  the  leader:  their  words  there  are,  **  Plunder 
of  Cell-Cuilinn  by  the  foreigners,  i.e.,  by  Amlaibh  Cuaran.**  It  is  remaikable 
that  the  second  plundering  of  Kilcullen  is  said  în  both  Annals  to  have  occurred 
in  the  year  in  which  .£thclstan  died;  the  Ann.  of  Ulster,  howerer,  placing  that 


1  Olaf  Cuaran.  A  romantic  story  is 
related  of  him  to  whîch  much  credit 
cannot  be  giren,  as  it  seems  to  have 
been  copied  from  a  similar  adventure 
told  of  Alfred.  A  couple  of  days  beforc 
the  battie,  Olaf,  disguised  as  a  harper, 
entered  ^theLstan's  câmp,  and  was 
brought  before  the  king  to  display  his 
minstrelsy.  He  marked  well  the  situ- 
ation  of  theking's  tent,  but  iEthelstan, 
wamed  by  a  soldier,  who  had  formerly 
served  nnder  Olaf,  rcmored  his  tont  to 
another  part  of  the  câmp.  In  the  night 
an  assault  was  made,  and  the  bishop 
of  Shirebum  with  his  followers  were 
slain.  The  bishop  had  unwittingly 
taken  np  his  quarters  in  the  place 
yacated  by  the  king.  Olaf,  finding 
bis  mistake,  then  rushed  upon  .£thel- 
itaii'«  tenta,  but  waa  zepulaed  «ftv  « 


sharp  contest.  The  story  b  told  by 
W.  Malmesb.,  ii.  6,  and  De  Gestis 
PontifF,  lib.  ii ;  Lappenberg  (Thorpe'a 
Transl.)  ii.,  p.  115;  Hodgson'a  North. 
umberland,  i.,  p.  145 ;  Tumer,  Anglo 
Saxons,  L,  335. 

'  CUmm,  Quoted  by  0*DonoTan, 
Four  M.,  935  (p.  633,  ».) 

^Ctttcuilitm,  Now  Old  Kilcullen, 
barony  of  Kilcullen,  co.  of  Kildare: 
a  place  formerly  of  great  importante 
and  wealth,  where  there  are  still  the 
remains  of  a  round  tower,  and  con- 
siderable  Anglo-Nonnan  fortificationa. 

4  Tlit  same.  Four  M.  986  (=938), 
p.  935.  Theur  words  are  "  Amhlaibh, 
son  of  Godfrey,  came  to  Dublin  agaiiif 
and  plundered  CUl-Cnillnn,  and  car- 
ried  off  ten  hondred  prisoneia  from 
thence.** 


APPENDIX  D. 


283 


event  in  989  (the  trae  year  being  940),  and  tbe  Fonr  M.  in  946.    We  can  per.  Table  VII. 
liaps  reconcile  these  diacrcpancies  b^  supposing^  that  the  two  Olafs  retnmed  (B). 

together  from  Bmnanburk  in  938 ;  and  that  Olaf  Cuaran  plnndered  Kilcullen        

the  same  year  in  which  i£thelstan  died,  y!z.  940;  the  discrepancy  was  probably  The  Hy 
cansed  hj  tbe  mistake  as  to  this  latter  date,  which  occaaioned  a  double  entiy  Ivar  of 
ol  the  plonder  of  Kilcullen  under  two  different  years.  Dublin, 

That  Olaf  Godfreyson  joined  in  thîs  plunder  îs  rendered  probable  by  the  lan-        

guage  of  theFour  M.  (937=A.D.  939)  where  they  say,  "theforeîgner8(Gaill)  Olaf 
deserted  Athdiath,  i.e.,  Amlaoibh,  son  of  Godfrey,  by  the  help  of  God  and  Cuaran. 
Mac-Tail."  As  Mac-Tail  was  the  patron  saint*  of  Kilcnllen,  this  seems  to 
prove  that  Olaf  Godfreyson  was  held  responsible  for  the  sacrilege.  Why  the 
Gaill  deserted  Dublin  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  in  this  year  Olaf  Cuaran 
had  gone  to  Tork,  foUowed  by  Olaf  Godfreyson  and  hls  troops.  Blacaire  or 
Blacar  No.  Q^y^  aLso  a  son  of  Godfrey,  was  left  behînd  to  govem  Dublin ; 
Four  M.  989  («A.D.  94t).  Olaf  Cuaran,  on  his  arrival  at  York,  besieged 
Hampton  (Korthampton),  and  took  Tamworth;  (A.  Sax.  943.  Sim.  Dnnelm. 
939).  King  Eadmnnd  came  out  to  meet  him  at  Legracester  (Leicester).  A  battle 
was  prevented  by  the  interposition'  of  the  Archbishops  Odo  of  Canterbury,  and 
Wulstan  of  Tork.  It  was  agreed  that  the  kingdom  should  be  divided, 
Eadmund  taking  the  south  and  Olaf  the  north,  the  boundary  between  them 
being  Watling-street  (Sim.  Dunelm.)  In  94 1,  Olilaf,  as  Sim.  Dnnelm.  calls  him, 
having  plnndered  St  Balther*s  Church  and  bumt  Tiningaham,  in  Scotland,  died 
there.  This  must  be  Olaf  Godfreyson,  for  the  historian  adds,  "  Filius  vero  Sihtrici, 
nomine  Oniaf  regnavit  super  Northanhymbros.'*  The  death  of  Olaf  Godfreyson 
isrecorded  by  the  Annals  of  Clonmacnois  at  the  year  934,  which  is  reall3r^  941, 


^Supposing.  This  supposition  as- 
sumes  that,  in  the  Ann.  of  Ulster,  Olaf 
Ualmair  denotes  Olaf  Cuaran  or  Sitric- 
son,  althoogh  Godfreyson  was  equally 
entitled  to  be  so  called,  and  that  the 
second  record  of  the  plunder  of  Kil- 
cullen is  a  duplicate  entry  of  the  same 
event,  a  thing  not  uncommon  in  those 
Anuala,  Also  that  in  the  Four  M. 
the  plunder  of  Kilcullen  by  Olaf 
Cuaran  is  out  of  its  place,  and  really 
belongs  to  the  year  in  which  ^thelstan 
died,  or  940.  These  suppositions  render 
unnecessary  Dr.  O'Donovan's  sugges- 
tion  that  the  Four  M.,  at  944  (=946), 
have  confounded  the  death  of  i£thel- 
stan  with  that  of  his  successor 
Eadmnnd. 

•  Potrtm  saini.  His  real  name  was 
Aenghus,  sumamed  Mac-Tail,  or  son 
of  an  adze  [Le.,  son  of  a  carpenter]  ;  see 
Martyrol.  of  Donegal  (11  Jnne)p.  167. 
Dr,  O'Donovan  (Foar  M.,  937,  p.  688 


n.)  suggests  that  MacoTail  was  also 
patron  of  St  Michael  le  Pole*s  church, 
Dublin,  "Mac-Tail"  having  bcencor- 
rupted  to  "  Michael,**  by  the  English. 

s  IrUerposition»  The  A.  Sax.  Chron. 
(at  943,  which  is  probably  the  more 
correct  date),  gives  a  different  account. 
It  tells  us  that  Eadmund  "  beset  King 
Olaf  and  Archbishop  Wulstan,'*  (who 
seems  to  have  openly  espoused  the 
Danish  cause  in  Leicester),  and  would 
have  captured  them  had  they  not 
escaped  from  tbe  town  by  night  Both 
stories,  however,  may  be  tme ;  and 
the  peace  may  have  been  effected  af ter 
his  escape  by  Wulstan,  aided  by  Arch- 
bishop Odo,  who  was  himself  of  a 
Danish  family. 

^i2ea//jy  941.  There  is  an  error  of 
seven  years  in  the  dates  of  Clonm.  The 
Ann.  Cambrice,  at  942,  have  '*  Abloyc 
[i.e.,  Amlaf]  rex  moritur  ;'*  [c  for  i,  as 
usual  io  the  Wehh  dialect  of  Celtic], 


284 


A1>PENT)TX  î). 


Table  VII. 
(B> 

TheHy 
Ivar  of 
Dablin. 

Olaf 
Coaran. 


(quotedby  O^Donoran,  FourM.,  p.  645  n.),  shoving  that  the  compiler  of  thoM 
Annals  so  understood  tbu  English  chronicles.  Dunnchadh,  eon  of  Flaon 
Sionna,  was  at  this  time  King  of  Ireland,  and  on  tho  depărtare  of  the  garrieon 
of  Dublin,  or  perhaps  a  little  before,  for  the  date  givcn  \s  038,  he  unîted  his  f orccs 
to  those  of  Muircheartach  Leather  cloaks,  son  of  Niall  Glundubh  (see  GeneaL 
Table  I.,  p.  245),  and  plundered  the  Danish  territory  around  Dublin  as  far  as 
Ath  Tnisten,  a  ford  on  the  River  Greece,  near  Athy,  in  the  south  of  the  co.  of 
Kildare;  (Uit,  938.  Four  M.,  936  =  938).  In  941  Olaf  Cuaran  vas  chosen 
King  by  the  Northumbrians,  and  in  943,  or  immedlatcly  after  the  peace  of 
Leicester,  was  received  into  the  favour  of  Eadmund,  and  baptixed,  Eadmond 
himself  being  his  godfather.  Shortly  after,  Regnald,  King  of  York,  son  of 
Gothfrith  [see  No.  (^*)],  was  confirmed,  having  probably  received  baptism  some 
time  before,  and  Eadmund  adopted  him  as  his  own  son ;  Fior.  Wigom.  Heor. 
Huntend.  But  this  peace  was  of  short  duration.  The  next  year  (944)  Ead- 
mond subdued  Northombria,  and  having  expelled  Olaf  and  Regnald  (A.  Sax., 
Btfaelw.,  Fior.  Wigom.,)  took  Northumbria  into  his  own  jurisdiction.  In  945 
he  reduced  Cnmberland,  but  in  946  was  murdered  at  Pucklechurch,  on  the  masa- 
day  of  St.  Augustine  of  Canterburv  (May  26).  Eathred,  his  brother,  succeeded 
to  the  throne,  and  was  received  by  the  Northumbrians,  who  by  their  **  witan  " 
and  Archbishop  Wulstan,  gave  him  their  oaths  of  fealty,  A.D.  947.  In  the 
interval  Olaf  Cuaran  appears  in  Ireland.  The  Annals  dcscribe  a  great  plunder 
of  Dublin  by  Congalach,  son  of  Maelmithigh,  in  944,  a  few  months  before  that 
cbief  tain  bebame  King  of  Ireland.  He  was  joined  in  the  assault  by  the  Iroops 
of  Leinster;  and  the  Four  M.  represent  the  destruction  of  Dublin  as  complete. 
Its  houses  and  sbipping  were  bumed,  the  male  inhabitants  and  warrîors  put  to 
death,  the  women  and  boys  carried  off ;  a  few  men  escapcd  in  boats  to  Dealginis 
(translated  by  the  Norsemen  Deilg-ei,  now  Dalkey  island),  where  the  Danea 
had  a  fortress;  comp.  Uit.  944.  This,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  the  year 
in  which,  nccording  to  the  English  chronicles,  Olaf  was  expelled  from  North- 
umbria. Tlie  next  year  we  find  him  in  Ireland.  "  Blacar  renewed  Dublin, 
and  Olaf  along  with  him,*'  say  the  Annals  of  Ulster,  at  945;  if  the  old  Eng- 
lish translation^  be  correct.  But  the  Four  M.,  the  translator  of  the  Ann. 
Clonm.,  and  Dr.  O'Conor  understand  this  passage  to  mean  that  Blacar  traa 
escpeUed  from  Dublin,  and  that  Olaf  became  king  of  that  city  in  bis  place.  In 
the  same  year  some  of  the  people  or  tribe  of  O'Canannan  (whose  chieftain  laid 
claim  to  the  throne  of  Ireland,  see  Introd.,  p.  xcvi),  were  slain  by  the 
actual  King  Congalach,  in  alliance  with  Olaf  Cuaran,  in  Conaille  Muirtheimhne 


1  Translation.  Cod.  Clarendon,  tom. 
49  (Ayscough,  4795).  The  words  in 
the  original  are,  "  Blacair  do  thelcudh 
Atha  Ctiath  ocus  Aralaip  tar  a  eisi." 
The  difficulty  is  in  the  word  '*  thel- 
cudh,*' which  if  derived  from  the  verb 
*^  teilgim  **  to  cast,  to  cast  out,  may  sig- 
nify  ^^  was  expelled ;"  and  so  the  Four 
M.  render  it  "  do  ionnarbhadh  a  h Ath- 
dUth."  The  old  English  translator  of 
Uit.  aeems  to  have  taken  it  as  the 


consuetudinal  pneterite  of  telcaim^  or 
tealcainiy  I  maintain,  support,  rastain, 
restore ;  a  word  of  rare  occurrence,  not 
f ound  in  our  existing  dictionaries.  See 
Book  of  Rights,  p.  52,  line  1 .  It  should 
be  observed  however  that  i4tAa-C/«aU, 
the  name  of  Dublin,  is  in  the  genitive 
ca»e,  which  scems  ts  favour  the  version 
given  by  the  Four  M.,  and  their  an- 
thority  is,  of  course,  of  great  weight. 


APPENDIX  D. 


285 


(co.  of  Lonth)  Uit.  944.    Such  sudden  alliances  between  the  bitterest  enemiea  Table  VIL 
werc  common,  both  in  England  and  Ireland,  in  those  daya,  and  wero  broken)  (B). 

even  though  ratified  by  oaths,  as  readily  as  they  were  made.    In  946  the  Danes        

of  Dublin,  doubtiess  under  their  King  Olaf,  plundered  Clonmacnois  and  other  The  Hy 
charcbes  **  of  the  men  of  Meath/*  from  which  pbrase  we  may,  perhapa,  infer  Ivar  of 
that  these  acta  of  hostility  were  directed  against  "  the  men  "  and  their  King  Dublin. 
Congalach)  rather  than  undertaken  for  mere  plander'a  sake;  (Uit.,  945,  Four  M.,        — * 
943  «  A.D.  945).     In  947  Ruadhri  0*Canannatn  advanced  into  Meatb,  but  was  Olaf 
met  at  Slane  by  Congalach  and  Olaf  Cuaran,  again  apparently  in  alliance,  Cuaran. 
unless  we  Buppose  each  party  to  have  come  on  ita  own  account,  both  being,  for 
difTerent  reasuns,  hostile  to  O'Canannain.     If  so,  Olaf  was  no  match  for  the 
double  enemy ;  bis  Dublin  Danes  were  defeated,  and  many  of  them  alain  or 
drowned.1    The  same  year  (Four  M.),  948  (Uit.),  Dublin  was  again  plundered 
and  Blacar  slain,  by  Congalach,  taking  advantage,  no  doubt,  of  Olaf  sabaence, 
whom  we  find  in  Northumberland  again  in  948,  the  second  year*  of  King  Eadred, 
whfere  he  seems  to  havc  maintained  himself  nntil  952,  when  he  waa  expelled  by 
the  fickle  Northumbrians,  and  Eric,  son  uf  Harold  Blaatand,  made  King.     See 
Table  VI.  (B.),  No.  (?),  p.  266, 267.  Eric  was  himself  driven  away,  and  Eadred*» 
sovereignty  once  more  acknowledged  in  954.     Hoveden  says  that  on  this  occa- 
sion  the  Northumbrians  slew  Amancus,  No.  (^^),  son  of  Olaf,  and  from  that 
time  forth  Northumbria  was  govemed  by  Earla,  and  not  by  Kings;  (Sayile, 
Rer.  Angl  ScripU.^  p.  423). 

In  953,  the  year  after  bis  expulsion  from  Northumbria,  Olaf  Cuaran  re-ap- 
pears  in  Ireland,  and  in  conjunction  with  Tuathal,  or  Toole,  son  of  Ugaiie, 
Ring  of  Leinster,  (see  Introd.,  p.  Ixxxix),  plundered  Inia  Doimhle  and  Inia 
Uladh.*    In  956  Congalach,  King  of  Ireland,  waa  slain  by  the  foreigners  of 


^  Drowned,  The  Ann.  Uit.  thus 
record  the  event:  ''An  expedition  by 
Ruadhri  O'Canannan  as  Iar  as  Slane, 
where  the  Gaill  and  Gaedhil  met  him. 
Le.,  Congalach,  son  of  Maelmithidh, 
and  Amlaibh  Cuaran,  and  a  victory 
waa  gained  over  the  Gaill  of  Ath 
Cliath,  in  qua  mulţi  occiai  et  mersi 
sunt."  This  with  the  corresponding 
entry  in  the  Four  M.  haa  generally 
been  nnderstood  to  signify  that  Olaf 
waa  in  alliance  with  Congalach,  which 
seema  difficult  to  believe,  especially  as 
it  is  said  that  the  victory  was  gained 
orer  the  Gaill,  without  any  mention 
of  Congalach. 

'  Second  ^ar.    So  says  Gaîmar,  «er. 

8649— 

**  Quand  ii  regnout  el  secund  an 
Idonckes  vint  Anlaf  Quiran.** 

There  is  confusion  in  the  Anglo-Sax. 
Chron.   about    these   changes.      The 

Northombriana  awore  f  ealty  to  Eadred 

in  947 ;  took  Eric  to  be  their  King  in 


948;  expelled  him  and  retumed  to 
their  fealty  the  same  year ;  received 
Olaf  Cuaran  in  949 ;  expelled  him  and 
restored  Eric  in  952.  Fior.  Wigom. 
makes  no  mention  of  Olaf,  but  speaka 
of  "  Ircua  "  aa  choaen  King  in  949,  and 
expelled  in  950.  Henr.  Uunten.  saya 
that  Olaf  was  received  with  joy  in 
947,  and  remained  King  for  four 
years,  when  in  952  the  Northumbriana 
**  solită  infidelitate  utentes,**  drove  him 
away  and  chose  **Hyrc,8on  of  Harold,** 
to  be  their  King.  **  Hjrrc,**  however, 
waa  also  expelled  in  954.  Conf. 
Gaimer,  ver.  3554.  The  Anglo>Sax. 
Chronide  alone  menţiona  a  double  ex- 
pulsion of  Eric. 

>/fiw  VJaih.  See  Dr.  0*DonoTan'a 
cnrious  account  of  thia  place,  which 
was  near  Dunlavin,  eo.  of  Wicklow; 
note  on  Four  M.atthehr  year  694.  For 
Inia  Doimhle  aee  p.  xzxvii,  n,  *.  mipra, 
There  were  several  plaoei  so  called» 
Set  Mart  Donegal,  Indu  of  PIaeta. 


286 


APPENDIX  D. 


Table  VIL   Dublin  and  the  Lelnfitermcnf  at  Tigb-Glnran  in  Leinster,  togetherwith  Aedh  Hac 


(B). 

TheHy 
Ivar  of 
Dublin. 

Olaf 
Cuaran. 


Aicidi,  King  of  Teffia,  and  many  others  (Uit.)    The  Four  M.  (954=A.D.  956) 
add  that  tbe  Danes  of  Dublin  were  commanded  by  Olaf  Godfre^son^  who  laid 
an  ambuscade  for  Congalach  and  bis  chieftainfl.    Tbls  is  clearly  a  mistake  of 
tbe  FourM.,  for  Olaf  Sitricson ;  Godfreyson,  as  we  have  seen,  having  been  ncfw 
dead  fifteen  years.     Six  years  after  the  death  of  Congalach,  or  962,  we  read 
of  a  certain  Sitric  Cam  (or  the  crooked),  probably  a  chieftain  of  some  of  the 
Scottisb  islands,  who  is  described  as  coming  "  from  the  sea,**  to  Ui  Colgan,  in 
the  co.  of  Kildare;  "but  he  was  oyertaken"  (say  the  Four  M.)  "by  Olaf, 
with  the  Goill  of  Dublin  and  the  Leinstermen,  and  Olaf  wonnded  him  in  hia 
tliigh  with  an  arrow,  and  gained  the  victory  over  Sitric  Cam,  who  escaped  to 
bis  ships  after  tKe  sl^ughter  of  bis  people."^  In  964,  it  is  recorded  by  the  Four 
M.  that  Olaf  Sitricson  was  defeated  by  the  men  of  Ossory  at  Inis-Teoc,  now 
Innistiogue,  in  the  co.  of  Kilkenny,  where  he  lost  many  of  hia  men,  with 
Bathbarr,  son  of  Nira  or  Ira,  a  chieftain  evidently  foreign,  but  who  does  not 
seeiu  to  be  ebewhere  mentioned.     We  have  no  furtber  notice  of  Olaf  in  tbe 
Annals  until  the  year  970,  when  the  plimdering  of  Ceanannus  (now  Keils)  by 
him,  in  alliance  with  tbe  Leinstermen,  is  mentioned.     He  lost  there  a  great 
nuniber  of   bis  pcuple,  but  carried  oft  a  good  prey  of  cows,  aod  gained  a 
victory  over  the  Ui  Neill  at  Ard-Maclcon.     The  plunder  of  KeUs,  but  not  the 
yictory,  is  also  recorded  in  the  Ann.  Uit.,  970 ;  and  it  is  curious  that  at  the 
year  before,  the  Four  M.  teii  us  of  anotber  plunder  of  Kells  by  Sib-ic^  9tm 
of  Olaff  aided  also  by  tbe  King  of  Leinster ;   but  with  this  differcnoe*  that 
Sitric  was  overtaken  by  Domhnoll  O'Neill,  King  of  Ireland,  and  defeated. 
In  this  same  year,  970,  tbe  Ann.  Uit.  date  the  battle  of  Cill-Mona,  or  Kil- 
moon,  gained  by  Olaf  in  alliance  with  Domimall,  son  of  the  late  King  Conga- 
lach, over  the  actual  King  of  Ireland,  Domhnall  O'Neill.    This  battle  ia  dated 
973  by  our  author,  and   976=A.D.  978  by  the  Four  M.;  see  Introd.,  pp. 
xcviii,  xcix.    In  970  (Uit)  the  celebrated  abbeys,  Monaster-Boice  and  Lann 
Leiro,  then  in  possession  of  the  Danes  of   Dablm,  were  plundered  by  King 
Domhnall  0*Keill.     We  next  bear  of  Olaf  in  978,  at  which  year  both  the  Four 
M.  (975=978),  and  Uit.  (977=978),  record  bis  having  slaîn  the  two  heirs  to 
the  throne  of  Ireland  in  the  two  royal  lines  of  the  Northern  and  Southern 
O'Neill;  see  Introd.,  p.  xcix.    The  battle  of  Bithlann,  gained  over  the  Leinster- 
men  by  the  Danes  of  Dublin  in  979  (see  p.  47),  was  probably  under  the  conduct 
of  Olaf,  although  bis  name  is  not  mentioned;  (Uit  978.  Four  M.  976).  See 
Introd.,  p.  c. 

Tbe  last  act  of  Olaf  s  life,  as  a  warrîor,  was  tbe  battle  of  Tara,  fought  in 
980,  against  Maelsechlainn,  or  Malachy  II.,  who  afterwards,  but  in  the  same 
year,  became  King  of  Ireland.  Olaf  had  called  in  the  aid  of  the  warriors  of  the 
islands,  but  was  nevertheless  defeated  with  great  loss  (sec  Introd.,  p.  c).     Hia 


^PeopU,  ^ourM.,  969  =  962.  The 
above  is  the  coirect  translation  of  this 
passage,  which  bas  been  strangely 
mistaken  by  Dr.  0*Donovan,  who 
omită  an  important  clanse  in  the  text, 
and  makes  the  Annalists  say  that  Olaf 
was  wonnded  and  fled  to  hia  ships, 
instead  of  Sitric  Cam» 


^Differmoe,  Were  it  not  for  this 
difiference  we  might  reasonably  suspect 
here  a  duplicate  entxy  of  the  same 
event,  '*  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf,"  betng 
an  error  in  the  text  of  the  Fonr  H.  for 
'*  Olaf,  son  of  Sitric.**  Such  duplicate 
eatries  are  common  in  the  Amials. 


APPENDIX  D.  287 

MU  Ragiudl  [No.  (^fy],  was  slain  in  the  battle,  with  Comnad  or  Conamhal,  pro-  Table  VII. 
bably  one  of  the  leaders  from  the  islands,  and  all  the  nobles  or  chief tains  of  the  (B). 

Dublin  foreîgnera  [see  p.  (47)] ;  Uit.  980.     Malachy  foUowed  up  his  victory,        

aided  by  Eochaidh,  King  of  Uladh,^  by  a  lengthened  siege  of  Dublin,  whicb  The  Hy 
ended  in  the  complete  eubjection  of  Olaf.    The  result  ia  said  to  have  been  a  I^ar  of 
deliTerance  from  "  the  Babylonian  captivity  of  Ireland,"  which  was  "  inferior  ^^^ 
onJty  to  the  captivity  of  hell"  (Tig.,  Four  M.) ;  and  the  language  of  the  Annala 
implies  that  Olaf,  before  this  defeat,  had  acquired  throughout  the  conntry  an 
absolute  sway.     SeeTigh'emach's  account,  quoted  Introd.,  p.  ci,  ».  '.   Four  M. 
979^980.    Neyertheleas  in  983  (Uit.,  Tig.),  we  flnd  Gluniarainn  [No.  ('«)], 
8on  of  Olaf,  in  alliance  with  King  Malachy,  againat  Domhnall  Claon,  King  of 
Leinater,  and  Irar  of  Waterford.     See  Introd.,  p.  cxiii,  tu  K    This  ciicumstance 
indicatea  perhaps  some  dissension  among  the  sons  of  Olaf  in  Dublin,  and  may 
account  for  the  despair  which  led  the  aged  chief tain  to  retire  "  on  a  pilgrimage  ** 
(as  our  author  says,  p.  47),  to  the  society  of  St  Columba  în  Hy,  where  he  died 
in  981. 

Mr.  Lindsay  notices  but  one  corn  of  Olaf  Cuaran  (whom  he  calls  Anlaf  lY.) 
Coinage  of  Ireland,  p.  10,  Plate  I.,  No.  3. 

(S)  Gyda  had  been  married  to  '^a  great  earl  **  in  England,  whose  estates  she 
inherited.  On  his  death  a  *^  Thing  '*  was  assembled,  "  that  she  might  choose 
a  husband.*'  She  chose  Olaf  Tryggvesson,  who  was  accidentally  present ;  they 
were  married  and  lived  '^sometimes  in  England,  sometimes  in  Ireland.*' 
Heimskr.  Saga  vi.,  c.  33,  (Laing*s  transl.  i.,  p.  399  $  see  also  c.  52,  where  Olaf 
Cuaran  is  erroneousiy  called  '*his  ¥rife*s  father,*'  instead  of  brcther,  ib.  p.  417). 

(7)  Sichfrith  and  Oisle  are  put  down  in  the  foregoing  Table  as  sons  of  Sitric 
Ua  Imhair,  on  the  authority  of  the  Ann.  of  Clonmacnois  (quoted  by  O'Donoran, 
Four  M.,  985,  n.  p.  633),  where  we  are  told  they  were  both  slain  at  the  battle 
of  Brunanburh.  These  Annals,  however  (of  whieh  we  no  longer  possess  the 
original),  are  not  very  much  to  be  depended  upon,  and,  therefore,  the  namea  of 
Sichfrith  and  Oisle  are  printed  in  parentheses  as  donbtful. 

(")  See  what  has  been  said  on  the  history  of  this  Olaf,  under  No.  (<). 

(»)Lachtin  is  mentioned  as  **8on  of  GofFraith,"  by  our  author,  eh.  xzxriL,  p. 
48,  where  his  death  is  alluded  to  as  a  mode  of  dating  the  battle  of  Muine 
Broocain.    He  appears  to  have  been  slain  in  947.    Intr.  p.  zvcii 

(10)  Albdan,  Alphthan,  or  Halfdene,  son  of  Gothbrith,  is  mentioned,  Uit.  926, 
as  in  command  of  the  ileet  of  Loch  Cnan  (Strangford  Lough),  which  was 
stationed  at  Linn-Duachaill,  on  the  4th  of  Sept. ;  but  on  Thursday,  28th  Dec., 
of  the  same  year,  Muircheartach  Leather-cloaks,  son  of  Niall  Glundubh,  de- 
feated  him  at  the  Bridge  of  Cluain<na.Cruimther  (a  place  now  unknown), 
where  **  Alphthan,  son  of  Gothbrith,"  was  slain,  "  cum  magna  strage  ezercitus 
sui."  The  half  of  the  arroy  that  escaped  slaughter  were  shut  up  for  a  week 
at  Ath-Cruithne,  until  Gothbrith,  Halfdene's  father,  came  from  Dublin  to  their 
leUef ;  (Uit,  Four  M.)    See  O^Donovan's  Circuit  qf  Ireland^  p.  6. 

(11)  Blacair,  or  Blacar,  has  already  been  mentioned  under  No.  (<),  p.  284.  He 
lemained  in  command  of  the  garrison  of  Dublin,  when  the  two  Olafs  went  to 
England  in  941.  Here  he  had  to  sustain  the  inroad  of  Muircheartach  Leather- 
doaks,  to  whom  hewas  forced  to  give  "  Sitric,  lord  of  theforeignersof  Dublin," 


^King  of  VTadh,    See  Dr.  Beeves's  1  Ecchs.  AnHq,  of  Ihwn  and  Comwr, 
Ust  of  the  Kings  of  Uladh,  No.  44.  |  p.  855. 


288 


APPENDIX  D. 


Table  VII. 
(B). 

TheHj 
Ivar  ot 
Dublin. 


Sitric 

SUken- 

beard. 


as  a  hostage;  0*Donovan,  Circuit  o/Treland,  p.  9,  sq.  ThÎB  was  probablj  Sitric 
thc  9on  of  Olaf  Cuaran  [No.  (^®)],  who  must  have  been  then  a  boy  of  about  11 
or  12  years  of  age.  Blacar  was  probably  not  sorn*  to  get  rid  of  hU  claims  to 
the  crown  of  Dublin  by  giving  hîm  up ;  but  the  hostagea  were  well  treatcd,  aod 
before  the  end  of  the  year  surrendered  to  Donnchad,  King  of  Ireland.  In  942 
Blacar,  with  ^^tbe  gentiles  of  Dublin,"  pi undered  Clonmacnoiâ  and  Kildare, 
(Uit,  Four  M.);  aud  in  943  (941  of  the  Four  M.),  on  Sunday,  thc  26th  of 
Feb.,  Muircheartach  was  slain  by  Blncarat  Glasaliathan,  near  Cluain-cain  (now 
Clonkeen),  near  Ardee,  co.  of  Louth ;  (Uit,  Four  M.)  In  945  (if  the  Four  M. 
have  right  y  interpreted  the  Ann.  Uit)  Blacar  was  expelled  from  Dublin  (see 
p.  284),  and  Olaf  Cuaran  took  his  place.  In  948  he  was  slain  (in  the  battle 
of  Dublin,  Four  M.)„by  Congulach,  King  of  Ireland,  with  1,600  men  killed 
or  wounded,  the  same  year  in  which  Olaf  Cuaran  retumed  to  Northumberiand. 
(Uit)     See  p.  285. 

(}^)  See  what  has  been  saîd  of  Ragnall,  son  of  Gothfrith,  under  Nos.  (')  and 
(^).  He  became  King  of  York  în  923.  Henr.  Uunt.  (ap.  Monuni.  Hist.  Brit., 
p.  745,  B.)    The  date  of  his  death  does  not  seem  to  be  on  record. 

(^*)Coroman  is  mentioned  in  Uit,  at  the  year  960,  "a  defeat  giyen  to 
Cumman,  son  of  Olaf,  son  of  Gothfrith,  at  [the  river]  Dubh."  Dr.  O^Conort 
in  his  tranalation  of  the  Ann.  of  Ulster,  has  entirely  misunderstood  thispasaagCf 
not  knowing  that  the  Dubh  (now  the  Duff ),  was  a  river  on  the  confinea  of 
Fermanagh  and  Leitrim,  running  from  Lough  Melvin  to  Donegal  Bay. 

(14)  The  death  of  ^'Gofraidh,  son  of  Amiaimh,"  or  Olaf,  ia  reoorded  at  the 
year  963.  (Uit.)  The  Ann.  Clonm.,  at  957  (  =  963),  have  "  Godfrey  Mac  Awley, 
a  very  fair  and  homesomeman,  died  f  (quoted  by  O'DonoTaxi,  Four  M.  961,  p. 
684,  n.)     See  Dubi.  Ann.  Inisf.  961. 

Q^)  Glun-iarainn  (Iron-knee)  was  the  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran  by  Jkmn/laitk,  danr. 
of  Muircheartach  Leather-cloaks  (see  Introd.  p.  cxlvii,  n.  3),  who  bad  been  fint 
married  to  Domhnall  (son  uf  Donnchad,  King  of  Ireland,  Table  II.,  p.  246), 
by  whom  she  had  Maelseachlainn,  or  Malachy  II. ;  so  that  Gluniarainn  waa 
Malachy*8  brother  on  the  mother's  side,  which  niay  account  for  hu  being 
fonnd  in  Malachy's  army,  notwithstanding  the  decisive  overthrow  given  to  his 
father  Olaf  at  the  battle  of  Tara.  The  Ann.  of  Ti  gem.  at  983,  three  y^Ars 
after  that  battle,  speak  of  his  having  jomed  Malachy,  and  gained  a  victory  over 
Domhnall  Claon,  King  of  Leinster,  and  Ivar  of  \Vat«rford,  (Uit  98S,  Fonr  M. 
982).  In  989  he  was  slain  by  Colbain,  his  own  slave,  who  waa  dnink  at  tbe 
tlme;  (Tig.,  Uit.,  Four  M.)  Gillaciarain,  son  of  Glun-iarainn,  aon  of  Olaf, 
ia  mentioned  in  the  present  work  (p.  165)  aa  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Dublin 
Danes  at  Olontarf ;  and  again,  p.  207,  as  having  been  slain  in  that  battle.  In 
Uit.  1014  he  is  called  ^*  righdomhna,"  or  heur  apparent  of  the  foreigners.  Comp. 
Four  M.  1013. 

Q^)  Sitric  waa  the  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran  by  Gormjiaiih,  sister  of  Maelmoidha, 
king  of  Leinster,  who  waa  afterwards  successively  the  wife  of  Malachy  II.,  and 
of  Brian  Borumha,  and  repudiated  by  both  (Introd.,  p.  cxlviii,  a.  >).  Sitric 
was  called  Silkiskegg,  or  Silken-beard,  by  the  Norsemen  (Gunlaug.,  p.  99). 
In  994  he  was  expelled^  from  Dublin  (Uit);  the  Fonr  M.  say,  *'Ivar 


1  Expelled,  Dr.  0*Conor  translates 
this  '^occisus  est,**  which  he  ought  to 
have  ieen  was  wrong,  because  of 
Sitric*s  part  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf, 


ten  years  afterwards.  He  miţtiKrk  «oo 
iTiTiap.ba,  or  tk)  infia|xba'6)  **waa 
expelled,"  for  «do  mafiba,  or  tx> 
mafibat»,  "  was  slain.*' 


APPENDIX  D.  289 

expoUed  from  Dublin  by  the  prayers  of  the  sainta"  (992=a  A.D.  994):  and  in  the  Table  VII. 
foUowîng  year  "Sitric,  son  of  Olaf,  was  expelled  from  Dublin."    The  Ivar  here  (B). 

mentioned  was,  doubtlesâ,  Ivar  of  Waterford ;  for  Tigera.  says,  An.  995 : — *'  Ivar        

in  Dublin  after  the  son  of  the  son  of  Olaf,"  where  we  shouid  probably  rcad,  The  Hy 
"  son  of  Olaf;"  for  the  Annalist  adds— **  Irar  iterum  insecutus  evasit,  et  Sitric  Iv*r  of 
iu  locum  ejus."    We  may  reconcile  these  statements  by  snppoaing  that  Ivar  of  ^»iblin. 

Wdterford  drove  Sitric  from  Dublin  in  994,  but  at  the  close  of  the  following        

ye.ir  was  hiinself  expelled,  and  Sitric  restored.     In  996,  the  Four  M.  say,  "  Ivar  Sitric 
came  to  Dublin  after  [i.e.  in  succession  to]  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf,"  and  shortly  after,  Silken- 
in  the  same  year,  "  Ivar  fled  again  from  Dublin,  and  Sitr!c  took  his  place."    This  "^•"** 
may  be  a  duplicate  entry,  but  however  that  be,  the  contest  ended  in  the  year  1000, 
when  Tigem.  records  the  deatb  of  Ivar  of  Waterford.     Iu  999,  the  year  before 
his  defeat  at  Glenmama,  Donchadh,  son  of  Domhnall  Claon,  K.  of  Leinster,  waa 
taken  prisoner  by  Sitric  and  his  ally  Maelmordha  Mac  Murchada,  his  mother's 
brother;  (Uit.)     Sitric's  history  from  his  defeat  at  Glenmama,  A.D.  1000,  to 
Brian*8  victor^'  at  Clontarf,  will  be  found  in  the  foregoing  pages.     See  Introd., 
p.  cxlviiL  sq.     Sitric  was  married  to  Brian's  daughter,  and  his  sister  Maelmuire 
No.  (^),  (who  lived  to  1021,  Four  M.)  was  married  to  King  Malachy  II. 
Dr.  O'Donovan  (not  in  loc.)  remarks,  *'  No  wonder  that  he  did  not  join  either 
party  at  the  battle  of  Clontarf."    But  when  he  set  forth  to  enlist  such  fero- 
cious  warriors  as  Brodar  and  Sigurd  Lbdverson  to  join  him  agaiust  Brian,  and 
when  he  himself  held  the  garrison  of  Dublin  for  the  Danes,  this  was  surely 
joining  very  decideâly  the  party  opposed  to  Brian  and  Malachy.    That  Malachy 
r^^rded  Sitric  as  an  avowed  enemy  is  evident  from  the  fact,  that  in  1015,  the 
year  after  the  battle,  he  and  his  auxiliaries  attacked  Dublin,  bumed  **  all  the 
houses  outside  the  fortress,"  and  then  plundered  Ui  Cennsealaigh.     See  Introd., 
p.  cxcv'u     It  does  not  appear  that  in  this  attack  any  damage  was  done  >vithm 
the  fort,  and  Sitric  seems  to  have  held  his  ground.     In  1018  he  blindcd  Braen 
or  Bran  (ancestor  of  the  Ui  Brain  or  O'Byrne  of  Leinster),  son  of  his  uncie  and 
ally,  Maelmordha,  King  of  Leinster.     Bran,  being  thus  blinded,  was  incapaci- 
tated  for  the  throne.   He  afterwards  went  abroad,  and  dicd  in  the  Irish  monasteiy 
of  Cologne,  1052.  (Uit.  Four  M.)   In  1019  Sitric  and  the  Danes  of  Dublin  plun- 
dered Kells,  in  Meath,  carried  o£f  spoils  and  prisonere,  and  slew  many  people  in 
the  body  of  the  church ;  (Four  M.)   In  102 1  Sitric  and  the  Dublin  foreigners  were 
vanquished  with  great  slaughter  by  Uagaire,  son  of  Dunlaing,  King  of  Leinster, 
at  Dergne  Mogorog,  now  Delgany,  in  the  county  of  Wicklow;  (Uit.  Four  M.) 
In  1022  the  Four  M.  record  two  defeats  of  the  Dublin  Danes,  one  by  King 
Malachy,  who  died  the  same  year,  and  another  at  sea,  by  Niall,  son  of  Eochaidh, 
King  of  Ulidia.    In  neither  of  these,  however,  is  Sitric*s  name  mentioned.    Uit. 
and  Tig.  record  the  naval  victory  alono.      In  1027  Sitric,  in  alliance  with 
Donnchadh,  K.  of  Bregia,  made  an  inroad  into  Meath,  but  was  repulsed ;  (Tig. 
Four  M.)     In  1028  he  went  to  Rome  on  a  pilgrimage,  and  according  to 
Tighemach,  retnmed  the  same  year.s    In  1030  Gorn\flaitkt  Sitric's  mother, 
died.    In  1081  (Uit)  we  read  that  Ragnall,  son  of  Ragnall,  aon  of  Ivar  of 


I  Same  yecar,  The  Annals  of  Ulster  occnrs,  for  **  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf,"  as  in 
say  that  "  Sitric  son  of  the  son  of  Tigem.  and  Four  M.  Neither  Uit.  nor 
Olaf,*'  went  to  Borne  this  year.  But  Four  M.  mention  the  date  of  Sitric's 
this  is  the  mistake  which  so  often     rctum  from  Rome. 

U 


'W 


290 


APPENDIX  D. 


Table  VII. 
(B). 

TheHy 
Ivar  of 
Dublin. 

Sitric 

Silken- 

beard. 


Waterford,  waa  slain  at  Dublin,  by  treacheiy;  and  agaîn,  at  1035  (Uit) 
that  he  was  slain  at  Dublin.  The  same  Ragnall  cannot  be  intended,  and  it  is 
most  probable  that  in  the  case  of  the  former  entiy,  the  true  reading  is  that 
preserved  in  Tighernach,  at  1031,  "  Ragnall,  son  of  RadnaUy  danght«r  of  Ivir, 
King  of  Waterford,  was  treacherousty  slain  at  Dublin."  The  same  year,  ac- 
cording  to  this  Annalist,  Sitric  plundered  Ardbraccan,  and  cairied  off  oxen 
and  captives :  this  plundermg  is  dated  1035  in  Ult^  and  connected  with  the 
second  entry  of  the  death  of  Ragnall,  a  clear  proof  that  the  two  entries  have 
been  confounded.  In  1032  Sitric  gained  a  battle  at  the  mouth  of  the  Boyne, 
over  the  Conaille,i  the  Ui  Tortain,  and  the  Ui  Meith;  (Four  M.)  In  1085, 
according  to  Tighernach,  Sitric  left  his  kingdom  (probably  for  the  sake  of 
religious  retirement)  apd  went  across  the  sea,  leaving  his  nephew,  Eachmarcach, 
No.  (9S),  King  of  Dublin.  It  is  not  said  where  he  went  to,  and  the  next 
notice  of  him  in  the  Annals  is  his  death,  in  1042,  in  which  year  his  danghter, 
Finet^  No.  (•*),  who  seems  to  have  been  a  nun,*  died  also;  (Hg.,  Four  M.) 

During  Sitric*s  feign,  the  Danish  bîshopric  of  Dublin  had  been  established, 
and  it  is  said  that  in  1038,  Donat,  the  first  bishop,  obtained  from  him  a  giant 
of  certain  voIUb,  or  vaults,  in  one  of  which  St  Patrick  was  said  to  hare  cele- 
brated  Mass.  Upon  theae  the  bishop  butlt  his  cathedral,  dedicated  to  the  Most 
Holy  Trinity,  and  now  called  Christ  Church.  The  vaults  still  remaîn,  forming 
a  ciypt  under  the  cathedral,  but  are  now  fiUed  with  rubbish,  and  He  în  a  dis- 
gracefully  neglected  state.  No  record  of  this  foundation  by  Sitric  occoib  in  the 
Irish  Annals;  and  the  story  rests  upon  a  late  and  very  l^endary  docmnent 
preserved  in  the  Black  Book  of  Christ  Church,  and  printed  in  the  Monastioon 
Anglicanum  (ed.  Caley,  Ellis,  and  Bandinel,  voi.  vi.,  p.  1 148.) 

Sitric,  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  is  the  Sitric  who  is  called  by  Mr.  Lindsay,  Sitric 
III.  (Coinage  of  Ireland,  pp.  7,  8,  10,  Plate  I.,  and  Suppl.  Plate  I.) 

Qf)  Ragnall,  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Tara,  980;  (Tig. 
Uit)  See  above,  p.  47.  Introd.,  p.  c.  The  Annals  of  Uit  aud  of  Tighenu,  at 
1075,  record  the  death  of  a  Godfrey,  whom  Tig.  calls  simply,  **  King  of  the 
Gaill ;"  but  in  Uit.  he  is  said  to  have  been  K.  of  Dublin,  and  to  have  been 
"  s.  of  Olaf,  or  s.  of  RagnalL"  He  can  scarcely  have  been  the  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran, 
who  was  dead  ninety-f our  years  in  1075.  He  must  therefore  have  been  the  son 
of  this  Ragnall,  or  else  of  Olaf,  son  of  Sitric  Silken-beard;  No.  (»).  In  this 
nncertainty  his  name  has  been  omitted  in  the  Table. 

{y)  Aralt,  or  Harold,  called  Righdomhna,  heir  apparent,  or  ellgible  to  the 
throne  of  his  father,  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Glenmama,  A.D.  1000.  See 
p.  111.    Introd.,  p.  czliv. 

(U)  Amancus,  or  Amaccns  (?  Magnus)  is  called  son  of  Olaf,  by  Hoveden,  who 
telU  ns  that  when  his  father  Olaf  was  expelled  from  Northumberland,  in  d5i, 
the  Northumbrians  slew  Amancus.    See  No.  ('),  p.  285. 


i  Conaille.  The  Conaille,  or  Con- 
aiUe  Muirtheimhne,  were  seated  in  the 
00.  of  Louth;  the  Ui  Tortain,  near 
Ardbraccan,  in  Meath;  and  the  Ui 
Meith,  in  the  co.  of  Monaghan. 

*A  fMMi.  Dr.  0*Donovan  under- 
stands  the  Four  M.  to  caii  her  CaUUach- 


Fionain,  as  if  that  was  her  name.  CaO- 
leackt  signifies  a  nun,  and  Dr.  0*Coiior 
translates  "  Monacha  Finiani,**  a  nua 
of  St  Fmian.  Tighernach  calla  bor 
'*  Cailleach  Finen :"  the  nun  Fhm,  The 
Ann.  Uit  do  not  m«ntion  the  death  of 
Sitric  or  of  his  danghter. 


▲FPENDIX  D.  291 

C*'^)  Thîfl  name  ia  pat  in  brackets,  because  it  occurs  only  in  a  donbtfnl  read-  Table  VII. 
ing  of  the  Dublin  MS.  of  the  Ann.  Uit.  at  982,  al.  983.    "A  battle  gained  by  (B). 

Maelaechnaill,  son  of  Domhnall,  and  Gluniarainn,  son  of  Olaf,"  [see  No.  (")]        

"  over  Domhnall  Cloen,  King  of  Leinster,  and  over  Imhar  of  Waterford,  in  The  Hjr 
which  fell  many,  both  drowned  and  slain,  together  with  GillapatraiCj  »on  of  Olqff  !▼"  ^ 
Gillapatraic,  son  of  Imhar,  and  others."    The  words  in  italica  do  not  occur  in  ^^^^^• 
the  corresponding  record  in  Tighemach  and  the  Four  M.,  nor  in  Dr.  0*Conor''8 
text  of  the  Ann.  Uit.     In  the  old  Engliah  MS.  Transl.  of  Uit.  (Ayscough,  4796), 
the  names  of  Gluniarainn,  son  of  Olaf,  and  of  Ivar  of  Waterford,  are  omitted, 
and  Gillapatrick,  son  of  Imhair,  is  called  "  Patrick,  son  of  Anlaiv  of  Waterford." 
The  whole  entiy  is  as  follows:  "An  overthrow  by  Maoilsechnaill  M<^Donell 
upon  Donell  Claon,  King  of  Leinster,  where  a  great  number  were  drowned  and 
killed,  together  with  Patrick  M*' Anlaiv  of  Waterford."    There  was  thcrefore 
evidently  some  confusion  in  the  ancient  MSS.  of  these  anuala  in  this  plac& 

(*^)  Madmtiire,  dr.  of  OUf  Cuaran,  was  married  to  King  Maelsechlainn,  or 
Mahichy  II.,  and  died  1021 ;  (Four  M.)     See  No.  ("),  p.  289. 

(**)  Eachmarcach  became  K.  of  Dublin  when  his  Uncie  Sitric  abandoned  his 
kingdom,  and  went  acroşa  the  sea,  in  1036.  See  No.  ("),  p.  280.  In  1038 
Ivar,  [No.  («)]  son  of  Aralt,  or  Harold,  displaced  him  (Tig.),  and  in  1046  Ivar waa 
expelled,  and  Eachmarcach  restored;  (Four  >L)  In  1052  Diarraaid  (son  of  Dun- 
chadh,  aumamed  Mael-na-mbo),  plundered  Fine-gall,  the  Danish  territory  north 
of  Dublin.  Several  skirmishes  took  place  around  the  city,  in  which  many  fell 
on  both  sides,  "and  Eachmarcach,  son  of  Bagnall,  went  over  seas,  and  the  son 
of  Mael-na^mbo  asaumed  the  kingship  of  the  foreigners  after  him;"  (Tig.,  Four 
M.)  In  1061  Mnrchadh,  son  of  Diarmaid,  son  of  Mael-na-mbo,  **went  to  Man, 
and  took  tribute  from  thence,  and  defeated  the  son  of  Ragnall,"  meoning  Each- 
marcach; (Tig.,  Four  M.)  Mr.  Undsay  thinks  that  one  coin  of  Eachmarcach 
haa  been  foimd.     Coinage  of  Iiel.,  p.  16,  Plate  2,  (26). 

(*>)  For  all  that  aeems  to  be  known  of  this  Ivar,  Harold*s  son,  see  Ko.  (s>). 

(")  See  No.  (ic),  p.  290. 

C)  GofTraigh,  or  Godfrey,  son  of  Sitric  [OlaTs  son],  waa  slaJn,  according  to 
Tîgheraach,  by  Gluniarainn  in  Britain,  1086.  But  who  this  Gluniarainn  was 
is  not  said. 

(^  Tighemach  states  that  this  Artalach,  son  of  Sitric,  was  alain  at  the 
battle  of  Glenmama,  AD.  1000  (Tig.  998) ;  but  he  is  not  mentioned  in  the 
present  work,  nor  by  Uit.  or  Four  M. 

(^)  Gluniarainn,  son  of  Sitric,  was  alain  in  1031  by  the  people  of  South 
Breagh.     (Tig.,  Four  M.) 

(18)  The  Four  M.  teii  us  that  this  Olaf,  son  of  Sitric,  was  slain  in  1012.  (See 
Introd.,  p.  dxxiv.,  n.  '.)  Their  words  are, — "A  great  fleet  of  the  foreigners 
came  to  Munster,  and  bumed  Cork.  But  God  soon  avenged  the  deed  upon 
them;  for  Amlaoibh,  son  of  Sitric,  Le.  son  of  the  lord  of  the  foreigners,  and 
Mathgamhain,  son  of  Dubhgaill,  and  many  others,  were  alam  by  Cathal,  aon  of 
Domhnall,  son  of  Dubhdabhoirenn."  As  Msthgumhain  is  heije  mentioned  as 
one  of  the  Danish  chieftains  slain,  it  is  probable  that  he  was  the  son  of  Dubhgall, 
No.  (*>),  and  tbeiefore  a  grandson  of  Olaf  Sitric's  son.  No.  (^).  This  Dubhgall 
was  slain  at  Clontarf ;  see  .pp.  166,  207;  Introd.,  pp.  dxxiv.,  czci.,  n.  The 
Cathal  by  whomthebomingof  Cork  was  avenged  was  the  son  of  the  DomhnaU 
(son  of  Dubhdabhoirenn,  or  Davoren),  who  af  terwards  led  the  f  orces  of  Desmond 

U2 


292  APPEKDIX  D. 

Table  VII.  at  the  battle  of  Clontarf.    See  Geiu  Table,  IV.,  No.  21,  p.  248;  Introd.,  p. 

(C).  cxciii. 

(**)  ThU  Aralt  (Harold),  son  of  Gofraîdh,  or  Godfrey,  ia  mentioned  în  the 

The  Hy        Book  of  Lecan  (fol.  196,  6. a.),  in  a  remarkable  list  of  the  eminent  women  of 

Ivar  of         Ireland,  where  he  is  said  to  have  been  the  father  of  Matlmuirt^  wife  of  Gilla. 

Waterford,  patrick,  K.  of  Osson-,  who  was  the  raother  of  Donnchadh,  King  of  Leinster  and 
Os3ory.  (See  No.  38  of  the  Genealogj-  in  O'Donovan'a  Tribcs  of  Oasory,  p.  12.) 
Gillapatrick  is  mentioned  in  the  present  work  (p.  107)  as  having  been  put  în 
fetters  by  Brian,  and  his  son  Donnchadh,  after  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  reâi&ted  the 
passage  of  the  shattered  forces  of  the  Dalcais  through  hts  teiritorv.  See  p.  21 7, 
and  Introd.,  p.  cxciv.  Gillapatrick  wasslain  în  996  (Tig.),  by  Donovan,  son  of 
Ivar  of  Waterford  (see  Gen.  Table  Y.,  No.  25,  p.  249),  and  Donuchadli  dicd  in 
1039,  (Tig.) 
(^)  See  what  is  said  of  this  Dubbgall  under  No.  (^). 
(«)  See  No.  («»). 

(C).  Graiulaons  of  Ivar  (Waterford  Branvh). 

Early  set-  The  aiicîent  native  nameof  Waterford  was  Loch  Dacaecfa,  which 
tlement  of  îs  sui)posed  by  8ome  to  be  taken  from  the  name  of  a  woman  named 
atVater-  I^ocaech  ;  see  Introd.,  p.  Ixxxiv.  n.  ^  The  harbour  was  after- 
ford.  wards  called  Port  Lairge,   from   Laraig,  probably  a  Danish 

chieftaîn,  who  is  mentioned  bj  the  Four  M.  as  liaving  plundered 
Teach  Moling  (St.  Mullin's,  co.  of  Carlow),  "from  the  sea"  in 
951  (=A.D.  953).  But  the  Danish  name  of  the  town  is  that 
which  it  still  bcars,  Vedrafiordr,  or  Waterford,  meaning  Weather- 
haven.  The  Norsemen,  attracted  no  doubt  by  the  excellence  of 
this  harbour,  appear  to  have  made  a  settlement  at  Waterford  at 
an  early  period^  possibly  about  the  same  time  whcn  the  Black 
Gentiles  appeared  at  Dublin,  or  852.  It  is  the  only  place  in 
Ireland  mentioned  by  name  in  the  Lodbrokar  Quida,  or  Death- 
song,  attributed  to  Regnar  Lodbrog,  a  composition  which,  though 
uot  the  genuine  production  of  that  hero,  is  of  someantiquity.  A 
barony  forming  the  western  side  of  the  harbour,  still  beara  the 
name  of  Gaultier  (Gall-tire)  "  the  foreign  country,"  where  in 
all  probability  the  Gaill  first  settled;  see  p.  27,  n.  '*.  The 
Waterford  Danes  are  first  mentioned  in  the  Annals  A.D.  891,  and 
the  foUowingis  an  abstract  of  the  principal  facts  recorded  re- 
specting  their  settlement  there : — 

The  Four  11  at  their  year  888  (:=A.D.  891)  mention  a  victory  by  Riagan,  son 
of  Dungbal  of  Ossory  [brother  of  Cearbhall],  over  the  Gaill  of  Port  Lairge 
[Waterford],  Loch  Carman  [Wexford]^  and  Teach  Moling  [now  St  Blullins]; 
Introd.,  p.  Ixxvi,  n.  So  that  there  wai  then  a  regolar  settlement  of  Nonemen 
in  that  district.    At910  (=913),  they  teii  us  that  '*  Gaill  arrived  in  Ireland,  and 


APPENDIX  D. 


2011 


took  upat  Port  Lairge;"  and  at  912  (=915),  "a  great  new  fleet  of  (îaill  cameto  Table  VII. 
Loch  Dacaoch,  and  put  a  stronghold  there;'*  at  918  (=916),  **great  and  frcqnent  (C). 

reinforcemeats  of  Gaill  continued  to  arrive  at  Loch  Dacaoch;"  and  at  914        

(=917),  "the  Gaill  of  Loch  Dacaoch  stîll  continued  to  plunder  Munster  and  The  Hy 
Leinster."  Similar  notices,  in nearly  thc sume  word-,  occur  in  Uit.,  and  it  will  be  I^^ar  of 
obaei-ved  thnt  they  imply  the  oxistonce  of  afonner  settlenu'nt  of  the  forcigners  "  *tenoru. 
at  WaterfdrJ,  aa  well  asat  NVexford ;  but  the  naines  of  the  leaders  arc  not  men- 
tioned. 

Our  author,  at  a  date  which  corrcsponds  to  A.D.  915,  records  the  arrival  of  Haconn 
a  floet  at  Loch  Dacaoch,  or  Waterford  harbour,  under  the  command  of  Haconn  and  Cossa- 
nnd  Cos.sa-nara,  who  plandered  Munster,  but  were  defeated  and  ap|>arently  nara* 
destroyed  by  the  native  chieftains.     See  p.  27,  and  Introd.,  p.  Ixxvii 

The  arrival  of  Raghnall,  grandson  of  Ivar,  with  large  reinforcenionts  to  the  Ragnall. 
Dane8  of  Waterford,  is  next  mentioned  (cb.  xxviii.,  p.  31).  Sie  Avhat  hoH 
been  already  said  on  the  history  of  this  chieftain,  Introd.,  p.  Ixxxiv.,  Ixxxvi. 
He  appears  to  have  arrived  916,  and  died  921  (Uit),  when  Gothfrith  or 
Godfrey  of  Northunibcrland  (Table  VII.  (B),  Xo.  (*),  p.  278)  seenis  to  haiy 
succeeded  as  K.  of  Waterford;  after  vrhose  departure  to  England,  in  926  or  ll27, 
his  son  Olaf  took  the  command  at  Waterford,  as  well  as  in  Dublin.  8ce  Table 
YIL  (B),  No.  ('^),  273,  and  No.  (O,  p.  280. 

Another  chieftain,  whose  name  is  connected  with  the  Danes  of  Waterford,  is  OttirDubh. 
Ottir,  or  Ottar,  called  Ottir  Dubh,  or  the  black,  by  our  author.  Ue  appears  to 
liave  accompanied  Ragnall,  in  91G  (eh.  xxviii.),  and  shortly  afterwards,  having 
gone  to  seek  reinforcement;),  to  have  returned  with  100  ships  (eh.  xxxv.),  to 
Port  Lair^  to  complete  thc  subjection  of  Munster.  The  names  of  several  chief- 
tains^ are  enumerated  (eh.  xxxvi.)  who  seem  to  have  foUowed  in  his  wake.  At 
all  event;$,  they  are  said  to  have  settled  in  Munster,  and  to  have  assisted  in  the 
plunder  und  devastation  of  the  whole  province.  They  were  most  probably  the 
**iununierable  hordes"  who  are  said  by  our  author  to  have  followed  Ragnall 
and  Ottir  to  Waterford.  There  is,  however,  sonie  ditliculty  about  Ottir.  Two 
chieftains  of  the  name  seem  to  be  mentioued.  One  is  said  to  have  been 
banibhed  with  Kagnall  from  Munster,  and  to  have  âed  to  Scotland,  where  they 
were  defeated  and  both  slain  in  a  battle  against  Constantine  III.,  King  of 
Scotland,  in  917  or  918  (eh.  xxix.,  p.  35).  The  other  Ottb-,  called  Dubh, 
whose  arrival  is  not  dated,  appears  to  have  succeeded  in  establishing  his  sway 
over  the  south  of  Ireland,  and  bringing  into  subjection  all  Munster.  There  is 
reasou,  however,  to  suspect  some  inaccuracy  in  the  account  given  by  our  author 
of  the  battle  in  Scotland.  Ragnall  certainly  was  not  killed  there,  and  the 
AnnaLs  of  Ulster  do  not  say  that  either  of  the  two  chieftains  was  slain.  See 
Introd.,  p.  Ixxxvi.i  andtheremark  made  on  the  readingsof  the  MS.  L.,  p.  235. 

We  have  no  evidence  that  Ragnall  left  any  sons — none,  at  least,  are  named 
in  the  Annals;  for  the  *'Mac  Ragnaiil,"  of  whom  we  sometimcs  tind  mention, 
was  most  probably  the  son  of  a  Ragnall  of  a  diilerent  branch,  see  Table  VII., 


1  Chieftains.  An  Ottir  Dubh  is 
mentioned  as  having  fallen  on  the 
Danish  sido  in  the  battle  of  Cîontarf. 
See  p.  207.  This  may  have  been  the 
grau(Uon  of  the  (Htir  Dubh  who  ar- 
rived in  Waterford   about  916;  and 


we  recognise  among  the  slain  on  tliat 
occasion,  the  sons  or  grandsons  of 
several  of  the  ^^commanders  of  fleets,** 
whose  names  are  to  be  found  in  the  list 
of  arrival»  given,  chap.  xxxvi. 


Waterford, 


294  ÂPPENDIX  D. 

Table  VII.  (A),  No.  (3),  p.  272 ;  or  else  the  son  of  a  later  Ragnall ;  see  No.  («)  of  foilowing 

(C).  Table.     There  is,  tbercfore,  a  consîderable  blank  in  the  genealogy  of  tbis  Water- 

ford  branch  of  tbe  Hy  Ivar,  between  the  Ragnall,  i^andson  of  Ivar,  wbo  wa« 

Descend-  umloubtcdly  the  foundcr  of  the  Waterford  dynasty,  with  Sitric  aiul  (iodfrey  of 

anta  of  Northumberland,  aiul  the  two  I  var's  Nos.  (i)  and  {^)  who  appear  atthe  b^iuning 

Ragnall  of  ^^j^j  ^^^^  ^j  ^^^  teuth  centory.     This  defect  Îs  denoted  by  the  dotted  lines  in 
the  foilowing  Table. 

Desceiidants  of  Ragnall  of  Waterford, 

RagnaUi  grandson  of  Ivar.  o.  921. 
Ivar(i).  Bl.  950. 

« 

IviLr(»).  o.  1000. 


I 


i:~         r 


;fa(/na//(8)      Ragnall(0.       Gillapadniîg(«).      Sitric(7).  DondnbhanO- 

si.  91)5.  iii.  983.  I  8l.  1022.       al.  996  or  997. 

Ragnall.      MacRagnalIl(^).  Amlatbh(^  or 

bL  1031.  sL  1015.  Olaf.  si.  1034. 

(y)  Tbe  Four  M.  (948)  teii  us  that  Ivar  "tanist,"  or  next  in  Buccessîon  to  the 
throne  of  the  Foreigners,  waa  slain  at  the  battle  of  Muine-Broccain,  A«D.  950. 
He  is  not  mentioned,  however,  in  our  author's  account  of  the  battle,  eh.  zzxvii^ 
nor  by  Uit  As  there  appears  to  have  been  no  other  Ivar,  at  tbts  date,  who 
coald  be  caUed  "tanist  of  the  foreigners,"  it  is  probable  that  he  belonged  tothe 
Waterford  branch.  Bat  the  Editor  ia  onable  to  supply  the  linka  of  his  descent 
from  Ragnall. 

(«)  This  Ivar  îs  called  "Ivar,  grand-son  of  Ivar,"  by  our  author,  p.  207;  bvt 
we  cannot  infer  that  he  was  the  grand-son  of  the  Ivar  last  mentioned,  althongfa 
the  dates  would  not  be  inconsistent.  The  Danes  did  not  usoally  give  the  father's 
name  to  the  son,  but  this  rule  is  not  withoat  exceptions.  In  969  (Four  M. 
967),  Ivar,  Eling  of  Waterford,  was  in  alltance  with  Mathgamhain,  or  Mahoun, 
brother  of  Brian  Borumha,  to  repel  an  invasion  into  Leinster  and  Ossory,  made 
by  Murchadh,  son  of  Finn,  lord  of  Offaly.  A  common  cause  had  then  onited 
the  Waterford  Danes  with  the  "menof  Munster,*' the  two  Ely's,  (in  King^s 
Connty  and  Tipperary ;  see  B.  of  Rights,  p.  78,  n.),  the  Deisi,  and  the  Kiag 
of  Ossory.  In  982  (981,  Four  M.)  Ivar  plundered  Kildare  (Uit)  In  the 
foilowing  year  he  took  the  side  of  Domhnall  Claon,  one  of  the  claimants  for  the 
crown  of  Leinster,  but  was  defeated  by  Malachy  II.,  K.  of  Ireland,  and  the 
Panes  of  Dublin.  In  this  battle  hls  son  Gillapadruig  was  sUin.  See  Table  (B), 
Ko.  (V),  p.  291.  Between  the  years  994  and  1000  a  contest  was  carried  on 
with  varying  success  between  Ivar  of  Waterford  and  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf  Cuaran, 
for  the  possession  of  Dublin.  See  Table  (B),  No.  (}%  p.  289.  In  the  year 
1000,  according  to  Tighemach,  Ivar  dled.  See  Brut  y  Tywys.  1001,  wher«  the 
death  of  "luor  Porth  Talarthi"  (Ivar  of  Port  Lairge)  is  recorded. 

(>)  The  names  of  RadnaJl,  and  her  son  Ragnall,  are  here  inserted  on  the 
authority  of  Tighemach,  1031.    See  Table  (B),  No.  (i«),  p.  290. 


APPENDIX  D.  295 

(<)  Bagnall,  son  of  Ivar,  "  was  slain  by  Murchadh,"  (Uit  994),  hi8  father  Table  VJI. 
IvsLT  beinţ;  then  in  possesâion  of  Dublin,  although  he  was  expelled  the  same  or  (C). 
following  year ;  (Tigh.  995).  

(^)  Tbis  son  of  Ragnall  is  not  named.    But  the  Four  H.  record  bis  death  at  Desccnd- 
10U(=1016)  thus — "Mac  Ragnaill,  son  of  Ivar,  Lord  of  Port  Lairge,  was  ants  of 
dalu  by  the  Ui  Liathain  ;**  a  tribe  seated  on  the  borders  of  Cork  and  Waterf ord  I^gnaU  of 
în  the  present  baronies  of  Barrymore,  Kinnatalloon,  and  ImokiUy  (co.  of  Cork),      ^^       , ' 
Coshmore  and  Coshbride  (co.  of  Waterf  ord). 

(c)  Gniapadruig  was  slain,  fighting  against  Malachy  II.,  K.  of  Ireland,  in 
983 ;  (Four  M.)     See  No.  (•). 

(7)  Sitric,  son  of  Ivar,  King  of  Port  Lairge,  according  to  Uit.,  was  slain 
1022.  }n  Tig.  at  the  same  date  there  is  a  correspondlng  record,  bnt  Dr.  O^Conor's 
iext  is  evldently  wrong.  He  reads,  "  Mac  CerbhaiU,  King  of  Eile,  was  slain 
by  Sitrinc.  Imhair,  Kmg  of  Waterford,  was  slain  by  the  King  of  Ossory." 
The  name  Tmhair  being  in  the  gen.  case,  clearly  indicates  some  error.  The  Four 
H.,  the  Ann.  Clonm.,  and  the  old  English  version  of  Uit.,  all  agree  in  what  is 
beyond  doubtthetrue  readlng,  "Sitric,  son  of  Imhar,  lord  [king, Tig.]  of  Port 
Lairge,  was  slain  by  the  lord  [king,  in  Tig.]  of  Ossory."  In  Uit.,  however, 
it  is  not  said  by  whom  Sitric  was  slain.  This  was  the  year  in  which  Malachy 
II.,  called  by  the  Annalists  " Maelsechlainn  Mor,"  or  "the  Great,"  died. 

(f)  The  following  curious  entry  i^ating  to  this  Olaf,  son  of  Sitric  of  Water- 
ford,  is  given  by  the  Four  M.  at  the' year  1029 :— "  Olaf,  son  of  Sitric,  Lord  of 
Gaill,  was  taken  prisoner  by  Mathgamhain  O'Riagain,  Lord  of  Bregia,  who 
exacted  as  his  ransom  1200  cows,  and  seven  score  British  [ie.  Welsh]  horses, 
and  three  score  ounces  of  gold,  and  the  sword  of  Carlus,  and  the  hostagea  of 
the  Gaidhel,  whether  of  Leinster  or  of  Leth  Cuind,  and  sixty  ounces  of  white 
silver,  as  his  fetter  ounce,  and  four  score  cows  for  word  and  supplication,  and 
four  hostages  to  O'Riagain  himself  for  peace,  and  the  f ull  yalue  for  the  life  of  the 
thir4  hostage."  A  similar  account  is  given  by  Tigcrn.  and  Uit.  Tigemach's 
words  are  as  foUow: — "Olaf,  son  of  Sitric,  King  of  Gaill,-was  captured  by 
Mathgamhain  O^Riagain,  King  of  Bregia,  until  he  had  received  200  oxen,  and 
six  score  horses,  and  the  sword  of  Carlus,  and  the  son  of  Anfer  Bot  who  was  in 
captivity,"  so  Dr.  0*Conor  renders  Mac  Anfer  mi  nergaib,  There  is,  probably, 
a  misreading;  rot^  is  certainly  not  a  proper  name,  but  a  verbal  prefix,  or 
a  preHx  with  infixed  verb;  perhaps  we  should  read,  roi  in  ergahail,  "who 
was  in  captivity."  The  sword  of  Carlus  was  carried  away  from  Dublin  by 
Malachy  II.,  in  996:  it  appears  from  the  foregoing  entry  that  the  Waterford 
Danes  had  recovered  it.  In  1084  Olaf,  son  of  Sitric,  was  slain  by  the  Saxons 
on  his  way  to  Rome  (Tig.,  Uit,  Four  M.) ;  he  was,  therefore,  at  that  time  a 
Christian. 

(0)  Dondubhan,  or  Donovan,  was  the  grandson  bf  Donnabhainn,  chief 
of  Hy  Cairbre,  by  a  daughter,  whose  name  is  not  on  record,  but  who  was 
married  to  Ivar  of  Waterford ;  see  GeneaL  Table  V.,  No.  25,  p.  249.  This 
Dondubhan  or  Donnabhainn,  son  of  Ivar,  was  slain  in  996,  by  the  Leinster- 
men;  (Tig.)  The  Four  M.  record  his  death  at  their  year  996  (A.D.  997) 
thus :  "  Diarmaid,  son  of  Domhnall,  lord  of  Ui  Ceinnsealaigh,  was  slain  by 
Dondubhan,  son  of  Ivar,  through  treachery.  Gillapadruig.  son  of  DonncUadh, 
lord  of  Ossory"  [see  Table  (B),  No.  («•),  p.  292],  "was  slain  by  Dondubhan,  son 
of  Ivar,  and  by  Domhnall  Mac  Faolain,  lord  of  the  Deisi.  Dondubhan,  son  of 
Ivar,  was  slain  by  the  Leinstermen  afterwards,  viz.,  by  Cuduiligh,  son  o( 


296 


APPENDIX  D. 


Table  VII.  Cioaedh,  of  the  Ui  Failge,  at  the  end  of  a  week,  in  revenge  for  Diannaid,  son 
(C).  of  Domhnall." 

^—  We  find  mention  of  Oisîll,  son  of  Ivar  (p.  207,  of  the  present  work),  where, 

Descend-      in  the  list  of  the  slain,  on  the  Danish  side,  ut  the  battle  of  Clontarf,   wc 

ants  of         have  *'  Oîsill  and  Ragnall,  the  two  sons  of  Ivar,  grandson  of  Ivar.**    Thts  seema 

Bagnall  of   ^^  imply  that  Ivar  [see  No.  («)],  the  father  of  theae  sons,  was  himself  son  of 

vvaterxo    •  ^^  i^f^^  uniess  we  interpret  grandson  of  Ivar  as  signifying  only  detcendanL 

But  the  RagnaU,  son  of  Ivar,  mentioned  in  the  present  Table  No.  (^),  was 

slain  in  994,  ten  years  before  the  battle  of  Clontarf.      There  ia,  therefore, 

probably  some  mistake,  for  which  reason  the  name  of  Oisill  has  not  been  given 

in  the  Table. 

There  seems,  however,  to  have  been  an  Ivar^  and  a  Hagnall  Ua  Ivaîr,  in 
the  first  half  of  the  II th  century,  who  do  not  appear  in  the  foregoing  Table, 
p.  294.  It  ia  probable  that  this  RagnaU  may  have  been  tbe  Ragnall,  son  of 
Radnally  daur.  of  Ivar  of  Waterford,  No.  (*)  of  the  Table  p.  294 ;  and  that  hia 
death,  dated  1031  by  Tig.,  has  been  entered  under  1035  by  Uit.  and  Four  M. 
We  have  seen  that  in  these  latter  Chronicles  there  arc  indicatious  of  some 
conf  usion  in  their  record  of  the  death  of  RagnaU  and  the  plunder  of  Ardbraccaii, 
which  Tig.  enables  us  to  correct  by  giving  1031  as  tbe  tme  date  of  Ragnall's 
death  and  of  the  plunder  of  Ardbraccan  and  burning  of  Sworda, — all  which 
eventa  belong  to  the  same  year :  so  that  whether  we  make  that  year  1031  or 
1035,  the  same  RagnaU  must  be  Intended.  See  Table  (B)  No.  (Lt>),  p.  290.  At 
the  year  1035  (Four  M.)  there  is  the  foUowing  entry,  which  occurs  alao  at  the 
same  date  in  Uit  We  quote  from  this  latter  authority, — "  RagnaU,  grandson 
of  Ivar,  lord  of  Port-Lairge,  was  slain  at  Dublin  by  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf.  [Ard 
Biecain  was  plundered  by  Sitric,  son  of  Olaf.J  Sord  of  Colnm-ciUe 
plundered  and  bumed  by  Conchobhair  Ua  Maelsechhunn,  in  revenge  :* 
ing  evidently  in  revenge  for  the  plunder  of  Ard-Brecain;  but  the  Four  M.,  bj 
omitting  the  clause  within  brackets,  represent  the  burning  of  Sworda,  as  if  it 
were  in  revenge  for  the  sUying  of  RagnaU,  with  which  it  could  have  hâd  no 
connexion.^ 

In  1037  we  read  in  Tighemach  that  **  Cu-Mumhain  Ua  Rabann,  or  0*Rubann, 
King  of  Port-Lairge,  was  slain ;"  Uit.  and  Four  M.  add,  a  suia  occisna  est, 
slain  by  bis  own  people:  they  caii  him  also,  not  Cu-Mumhan  [Hoond  of 
Munster,]  as  in  Tig. ,  but  Cu-ionmhain,  or  Cu-inmhatn  [Beloved  Hound].  This 
may  not  have  been  his  real  name,  but  a  soubriquet  subsUtuted  tor  hia  name. 
Waterford,  in  this  year,  was  bumed  and  plundered  by  Diarmaid,  son  of  Donn* 
chadh,  caUed  Mael-na-mbo,  [Chief  of  the  Cows],  King  of  Leinater,  of  the  raoe 
of  Enna  Cennselach,  K.  of  Leinstcr  in  the  f ourth  century :  and  the  Foor  M . 
(the  only  authority  for  the  fact)  teii  us,  in  the  same  year  1035,  that  "Ivar  was 
treacherously  slain  by  the  Gaill  of  Port-Lairge." 

The  list  of  the  slain  at  Clontarf,  given  in  the  present  work  (p.  207),  meotions 
GoistiUn  Gali,  and  Amond,  son  of  Dubhglnn,  "two  kings  of  Port-l^icge,** 
aa  having  faUen  on  the  Danish  side  in  that  battle.  Amond  or  Hamnnd,  as  we 
have  alrcady  remarked,  may  have  been  a  grandson  of  Ivar  of  Limerick.  See 
Table  (A),  p.  275.     But  of  GoistUin  Gali  we  seem  to  have  no  other  mention. 


1  No  connerion.  Swords  was  in 
Fingall,  or  Fine-gall,  tlie  territory  of 
the  Dublin  Dancs,     Ard-Brecain  was 


in  Meath,  the  territory  of  Conchobhair, 
who  was  the  great  grandson  of  Maei- 
aechlainnţ  or  Malachy  II. 


APPENDIX  D.  297 


TABLE  VIII. 

Deacendantd  of  Cearbhall,  Lord  of  Oaaory  and  Danish 

King  of  Dublin, 

The  Landnamabok  (p.  4)  names  Ccarbhall,  or  KiaiTall  (K.  of 
Dublin  from  A.D.  872  to  887),  as  one  of  the  principal  sovereigns 
of  Europe,  at  the  time  when  Iceland  was  peopled  bj  the  noblemen 
and  others  wbo  lied  from  the  tyranny  of  Harold  Harfagr.  Ice- 
land had  been  known  to  the  Irish  long  before  that  time,  (more 
than  100  years,  according  to  one  reading) ;  and  theearlier  settlers 
had  foundmenin  the  island  '^  whom  the  Norweginns  called  Papm^* 
[i.e.,  priests  or  bishops],  profgssing  Christianitj,  and  who  were 
believed  to  have  come  by  sea  from  the  West.  By  them  were  left 
behînd  (for  they  appear  to  have  been  driven  out  by  the  new- 
comers),  '*  Irish  books,  bells,  pastoral  staffs,  and  other  tbings, 
which  seemed  to  prove  that  they  were  Westmen  '*  (i.e.,  Irishmen) 
who  had  formed  a  religlou:3  community  in  the  island.  Prolog. 
Landnama,  p.  2. 

Ingulf  and  Leif,  who  were  distant  cousins,  were  the  first  Nor- 
wegians  who  visited  Iceland  with  a  view  to  colonization,  about 
the  year  870.  They  spent  there  a  winter,  and  retumed  to  Norway. 
Ingulf  then  commenced  preparations  for  another  Toyage  to  Ice- 
land, while  Leif  set  off  on  a  piratical  excursion  to  Ireland.  There 
he  entered  a  subterraneous  cavern,  which  was  quite  dark,  but  as 
he  advanced  (probably  carrying  a  light),  he  noticed  the  ilashing 
of  a  sword  in  the  hands  of  a  man  at  the  end  of  the  cave.  The  man 
was  slain  ;  and  the  sword,  with  great  wcalth,  which  was  found 
in  the  cave,  carried  away,  Leif  then  plunuered  or  *'harried*' 
{herictde)  in  other  parts  of  Ireland,  and  amassed  great  booty,  with 
which,  and  ten  slaves,  he  returned  to  Norway.  There  he  married 
Helga,  IngulTs  sister,  and  all  set  sail  for  Iceland.  Leif  took  the 
name  of  Hior-leif  or  Sword-leif,  from  his  adventure  with  the 
Irishman  in  the  cave.  This  was  the  1 2th  year  of  Harold  Harfagr, 
or  A.  D.  8"?  4,  (Carroll  boing  then  King  of  Dublin).  On  the  voyage 
they  were  in  want  of  water,  but  the  Irish  captives  made  a  mix- 
ture  of  butter  and  meal,  which  had  the  effect  of  quenching  thirst, 
and  which  they  in  their  own  tongue  called  Mynthak  [min,  meal 
br  flour ;  mînrach,  made  of  flonr],  Rain  comîng  on,  and  the 
Mynthak  not  being  wanted,  it  became  mouldy  and  was  cast  into 


%98 


APPEXPIX  D. 


TableVlII.  the  sea.     They  found  it  afterwards  on  the  sliore,  at  a  place  io 

^  ^'  which  they  gave  the  name  of  Mynthaks-eyri.     Hior-leif  gave  hiă 

j.  own  name  to  Hiorleifs-hofdr,  where  he  settled ;  but  was  soon 

anta  of        sSier  mordered  by  hîs  Irish  slavcs,  actîng  under  the  command  of 

Cearbhall    one  of  them  named  Dufthak  (Dubhthach),  who  was  probably  a 

'  man  of  higher  rank  than  the  rest  in  hia  own  country.  The  slţves 

âed  to  the  small  islands  south  of  Iceland,  carryîng  ^vith  them  the 

women  and  property.     Here  they  were  pursued  and  taken  by 

Ingulf ,  who  slew  them  alL    The  place  where  ţheir  leader  fell  was 

called  Doftaksker^  and  the  islands  received  the  name  of  Yest- 

manna-eyer  [Westmen,  or  Irishmen's  islands].     Landnama,  Part 

L,  chap.  3-7. 

This  ancient  connexîon  betwccn  Ireland  and  Iceland  was  kept 
up  by  the  descendants  of  Cearbhall,  or  Carroll,  as  the  foUowing 
Table  will  show.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts — (A)  contains  the 
genealogica]  history  of  his  sons ;  (B)  that  of  his  daughters. 


(A).  Descendants  of  Cearbhall,  or  CarroU,  by  his  Sons, 


Cearbhall(i),  son  of  Dnnghall.  o.  887. 
I 


Cellach(«). 
al.  d05. 


!  I 

Cuilen(*).        Diarmaid(A). 

si.  886.  o.  929. 


I 
DofniaL 


Donnchadh. 


Bandi. 


Ctulen. 
o.  933. 


Duftach. 
I 


Diarmaid.     Baugr(s}. 

CeUach(ii). 
si.  1002. 


Vîlbald(«). 


Askdl 
Hnokkaii(T). 


Gillapadruig(s). 
I   8Î.997. 

Donnchadb(>). 
I    o.  1039. 

Dombnallpo). 
b.  1185. 

Q)  Cearbhall  had  married  a  daughter  of  Ring  Maelseachlainn,  son  of  Mael- 
mânaigb  (Malachy  I.),  who  had  hima^lf  married  Latm,  or  Fkum,  Cearbhall*» 
sister,  daughter  of  the  same  father  Dunghal,  or  as  he  is  also  caUed  DannaL 
Fragm.,  p.  129.     Cearbhall  died  A.D.  887  (885,  Four  M.)     See  above,  p.  263. 

(*)  Cellach  is  called  KiaUak,  Landnama,  p.  334.  His  brother  Diarmaid 
having  been  driven  from  Ossory,  903  (900,  Four  M.),  Cellach  succeeded  to 
the  thronef  but  was  si.  905  (903,  Ibid.)  His  son  Cuilen  was  K.  of  Ossory, 
and  died  933,  Uit,  where  he  b  described  as  **  optimus  laicus.*^ 

(«)  Thls  Baugr,  or  Baugus,  was  settled  at  Fliotshlid  in  Iceland,  and  was 
foster  brother  of  Ketel  H«ng.    It  U  not  necessary  to  give  here  the  names  of 


APPENDIX  D.  298 

hiB  childrai  and  grandchOdren,  as  they  played  no  part  in  Irish  history.  They  Table  VIII. 
will  be  fbund  Xjandnama,  loc.  cit.  C-^)* 

(*)  Coilen,  8.  of  Cearbhall,  waa  slain  by  the  Norscmen  în  886  (884  Four  M.)        

The  Fonr  M.  have  quoted  a  quatrain  written  on  bis  death,  which  implies  thathe  Descend- 
was  a  Christian.  Maelfebhai^  daughter  of  MaeUeachlain,  the  same  probably  who  ants  of 
was  married  to  CearbhaUl,  died  the  same  year.    Whether  or  not  she  was  the  ^®*?^^*^ 
mother  of  Cnilen  is  unknown.  ^ 

C^}  There  are  no  records  of  the  descendants  of  this  Diarmaid*  In  897  (894 
Fonr  M.)  he  is  said  to  have  restored  and  celebrated  the  Fair  of  TaUItin  or  TeUtown. 
He  seema  to  have  succeeded  bis  father  as  K.  of  Ossoryţ  but  was  driven  out, 
A.D.,  903,  when  his  brother  Cellach  was  made  King.  See  above,  No.  (>).  He 
died  929  (Fonr  M.  927). 

(6)  Vilbald  came  f  rom  Ireland,  wheie  he  appears  to  have  been  bom,  to  Ice- 
land,  in  a  ship  called  Kuda  [Cncac,  flerce,  fnrions],  from  which  the  river  at 
which  he  landed  was  called  Kuda-fliots.  See  Landnama,  p.  312.,  where  his 
father's  name  is  erroneonsly  spelt  Dofnak :  it  is  afterwards  (ib.,  p.  850)  more 
correctly  written  Dufthak,  the  Iriah  Dubhthach.  His  grandfather  is  called 
Dufnial,  i.e.  Domhnall,  or  more  probably  Dungall,  which  was  a  name  in  the 
family. 

(7)Askell  Hnokkan,  of  Askells-hCfda,  settled  in  Iceland,  Landn.,  p.'  350, 
where  his  descendants  are  given. 

(6)  Gillapadmig,  lord  of  Oasory,  was  slain  by  Donovan,  son  of  Ivar,  King  of 
the  Danes  of  Wateiford,  997  (995  Fonr  M.)  Anotber  entry  of  his  death 
occurs  Four  M.  997  (A.D.  999).  Tig.  gives  996  as  the  date  of  his  death.  He 
was  taken  prisoner  and  put  in  fetters  by  Brian,  p.  cxi.  and  p.  107,  «tipro. 
O'Donovan,  Tribes  of  Ossory,  p.  12. 

(*)This  Donnchadh  is  mentioned,  eh.  cxxL  p.  215,  tupra,  He  is  called 
"Lord  of  Ossoiy  and  of  the  greater  part  of  Leimiter**  by  the  Four  M.,  who 
record  his  death  "  after  long  illness,*'  in  1039.  He  was  ancestor  of  the  family 
of  O'Donnchadha,  now  anglicized  Dunphy,  or  O'Dunphy,  (Topogr.  Poems, 
p.  77,  and  note  382),  although  in  other  parts  of  Ireland  the  same  name  is 
anglicized  0*Donoghue  and  ponoghy. 

(10)  Domhnall,  fonnder  of  Ihe  Cistercian  abbey  of  Jerpoint,  co.  of  Kilkenny, 
1180,  died  1185.  Archdall  erroneously  calls  him  Donough  O'Donoghue,  instead 
of  Domhnall  Bfac  Donchadha  [or  Mac  Dunphy].     Monast.  Hibern.,  p.  355. 

(11)  Cellach  is  called  "  lord  of  Ossory  "  by  the  Four  M. ;  who  record  (1002) 
that  he  waa  in  that  year  alain  by  Donnchadh,  son  of  his  father's  brother, 
QUlapadmig. 


300 


APPEKDIX  D. 


Table  VIU. 
(B). 

Descend- 
ante  of 
CearbhaD 
by  his 
daughten. 


(B).  Descendants  of  Cearbhall  by  his  Daugldera. 


ri 


o 

es 

S 
o 

O 

s 


3 


ri 
O 


II 


.a 

u 
o 


II  — 


? 


o 


'-4' 
n- 

£ 

s 

e 
I 

< 

'O 

I 


rs 


.|2 


t 

II 


•3 

o 
H 


a 


5 

O 

•o 
-•o 

o 
H 


I 

II 

"8 
O 


rS 


•s 

« 

I 

o 

^  i 

"I  i 

11-2 

"a 

5 


a 


■•n 


:§ 


-1 


g 

II 

o 
H 


J 


—  2  3 


APPENDIX  D.  301 

(I)  Ejrind  Atutmanxi,  or  Ostmann,  so  called  becaoae  he  had  come  to  the  Table  VIII. 
Hebridi^s  from  Sweden ;  see  Landnama,  (part  iii.,  c.  12),  p.  228,  where  hia  hia-  (B). 

toiy  and  genealogy  will  be  fonnd.  

(-)  SnKbiom.     For  his  histoiy  and  descendanta,  see  Landnama,  p.  159.  Deacend- 

(f )  Helgi  Magra,  or  the  Lean,  was  born  in  the  Hebridea,  but  bis  father  and  ^nts  of 
mother  being  obliged  to  go  on  some  mercantile  or  piratical  expedition,  were  Cearbhall 
forced  to  leave  the  child  tliere.     On  their  retum,  two  years  afterwards,  they  jT    u*  -. 
found  him  so  reduced  for  want  of  proper  food,  that  they  could  not  recognise 
him.     They  therefore  called  him  "Helga  hinn  Magra,"  the  Lean,  and  took  him 
to  Ireland,  where  he  was  educated.    He  married  Thorunna  Hyrna  (the  Homed), 
daur.  of  Ketill  Flat-nose,  lord  of  the  Hebrides,  and  of  Inguilda^  daur.  of 
Ketill  of  Kingarikia.    Landnama,  p.  228,  229.    Eyrbygg.  cap.  i.,  p.  5. 

(^j  Thiodhilda  married  Thodr,  or  Thordus,  a  viking*»  son,  satd  by  many  to 
have  been  really  a  son  of  King  Harold  Harfagr.  See  Landnama,  p.  149,  where 
his  descendants  are  given. 

(f)  Biorffo,  married  Ulf  Skiallgi,  who  had  escaped  from  the  tyranny  of 
Harold  Harfagr,  and  colonized  Reykianes  in  Iceland.     Landnama,  p.  132. 

(^)  Ari  Marson  was  one  of  the  earliest  discoverers  of  America,  A.D.  983. 
In  a  voyage  weatwards  he  was  driven  out  of  his  course,  anJ  either  wrecked  or 
forced  to  land  on  "  Hvitra  Mnnna  land  "  (White-man*s  land),  called  aUo 
"  Irland  er  Mikla"  (Great  Ireland).  There,  Ari,  having  no  means  of  retuming, 
and  being  honoarably  received  by  the  Christian  settlers  (probably  Irish),  be- 
came  hiroself  a  Christian,  and  waa  baptized ;  *'  Kafn  of  Limerick,  who  had 
resided  for  a  long  time  in  Limerick,  in  Ireland,  first  brought  newa  of  this." 
Landnama,  p.  133.  **  White-man*8  land"  is  supposed  to  be  that  part  of  the  coast 
of  North  America,  which  eztends  southwards  from  Chesapeak  Bay,  including 
North  and  Soath  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida;  Antiq.  American.,  p.  zxxvil, 
and  p.  208,  sq.  Ăa  the  distance  of  White-man's  land  is  described  aa  **  sex  dagra 
sîgling  vestur  fra  Irlandi"  (six  days'  sailing  westwarda  from  Ireland),  it  is 
probable  that  Ari  had  sailed  from  Ireland. 

(7)  Thurida  was  married  to  Thorstein  Raudr,  or  the  Red,  son  of  Olaf  the 
White,  K.  of  Dublin.  See  Table  VI.  No.  (8),  p.  264.  A  Genealogical  Table 
of  his  descendants  is  given,  Kristni,  p.  191. 

(B)  Grimolf  had  settled  at  Agde,  in  Iceland,  where  he  and  his  famUy  hiherited 
the  property  of  his  brother  Alfr ;  Landnama,  p.  374^5.  See  hia  Genealogy, 
Gunnlaug.  p.  315. 

(')Berawas  thedaur.of  Egil-Skallagrimaon;  Egila.,  p.599;  Landnama, p. 375. 

(10)  Thorodd,  called  Goda,  or  the  Prastor.  For  hia  Genealogy,  see  Gunnlaug., 
p.315;  Landnama,  p.  375. 

(II)  Thoris  ia  called  Hymo,  or  according  to  another  reading,  Hymo.  Land- 
nama, p.  219. 

(1*)  Thordr  or  Thordna,  of  Hofda-strond,  called  Hofda-Thordr,  from  Hofda, 
the  place  where  he  had  his  honse,  His  descent  from  Regnar  Lodbrok  is  thua 
given,  Landnama,  p.  218, 219. 

Regnar  Lodbrok. 

Bium  Ironside. 

Aaleik. 

Harold  Hrygg< 

Uiurn  Bvrdusmior. 


Thonlr. 


â02 


APPENDIX  D. 


TkbleVnL 
(B). 

Descend- 
antsof 
Cearbhall 
by  hU 
daughters 


•N 


He  is  said  to  have  had  nineteen  chiidren  by  bu  wife  Fridgerda,  granâdaiir. 
of  GearbhaU.     Ibid. 

(1»)  Earl  Sigurd's  patcraal  deacent  is  givcn,  Table  VI.  (A),  p.  264  No.  (").  He 
was  suniamed  Digri,  the  Gross,  or  the  Fat.  His  father  Lodver  (Ladovicns)  waa 
the  son  of  Thorfinn  Hansaklvfor  (or  SkuU-cleaver,)  son  of  Einar  or  Torf-emar, 
son  of  Rognvald,  Earl  of  More,  ex  concubina.  See  Scripta  Hist.  Lslandomxn, 
▼oL  iii.,  Gencal.  Tab.  I.;  Landnama,  part  iv.,  c.  8,  p.  301, 302;  Hdmsk.  (Saga 
iiLţ  c.  22  Laing's  Transl.  i.,  p.  291).  EdfMf  bis  motber's  name,  is  probably 
the  Irisb  Eithne,  Signrd  married  Doaâa,  or  Donada^  daor.  of  Malcohn  II., 
King  of  Scots,  son  of  Kenneth  II.  By  her  he  had  a  son,  Thorfinn,  irho  was  but 
five  years  old  at  his  father's  death,  aud  was  sent  to  his  grandfather,  Kin^ 
Malcolm,  who  created  him  Earl  of  Caithness  and  Sutherland.  Signrd  by  a 
fonner  wife  had  four  sona,  Sumarlid,  Brusi,  Einar  Rangmndr  (or  Wrymouth)^ 
and  Hund  (the  Hound).  Uund  was  taken  by  Olaf  Tryggveson  aa  a  hoetage 
for  Sigurd's  becoming  a  Christian,  and  intcoducing  Christianity  into  his  domi> 
nions.    He  died  in  that  captivity.    Heimsk.  (Saga  viu, c.  99.   Laing,  ii.,  131). 


INDEX. 


[Tbe  Bomui  namben  refer  to  the  pages  of  the  Introdnetion.] 


Abbot,  how  far  s jnony  moiifi  with  **  Bishop," 

xlrit  n. ». 
Acaill.    See  Alcill. 
Achadh>bo,   or  Achadh-mbo   (Aghaboe, 

Queen's  co.),  lix.  n.  *.  17.  228. 
Achadh-Conaire    (now   Achonry),  clxv. 

n.«. 
Achadh-up  (Freshford),  lix.  n.i.  17.  228. 
Adhar,  s.  of  Umor,  a  Firbolg  chieftain 

who  gave  name  to  Magh  Adhair,  cxiii. 

n.i. 
Aedh,  s.  of  Conchobbar,  K.  of  Connaught, 

slain,  Ixxyiii.  29.  233. 
Aedh,  8.  of  Dubb-da-crich,  Abbot  of  Tir- 

daglass  and  Clonenagh,  slain,  Ixi.  19. 
Aedh,  8.  of  Eocbaidb,  K.  of  Uladh,  slain, 

xci.  n. «.  37. 
Aedh  Finnliath,  K.  of  Ireland,  5 ;  defeats 
'   the  Danes  at  Loch  Foyle,  Ixxiv.  25.  27. 

231-2;  slaughters  the  Danes  at  a  ban- 

quet,  IxxY.  27.  232 ;  gains  the  battle  of 

Cill-na-n-Daighre,    Ixxzyiii.    33 ;    his 

piety,  Ixxxviii.  n. '. 
Aedh,  B.  of  Gebennach  of  the  Deisi-beg, 

slays  Molloy,  cxxziii.  czxxix.  n.  >.  93. 
Aedh  Mac  Crimhthainn.  SeeMac  Crimh- 

thainn. 
Aedh  Oimidhe,  K.  of  Ireland,  4.  5.  221 ; 

his  date,  xxxii.  xxxviii.  xxxix. ;  dividea 

Meath  into  two  kingdoms,  Ixx.  n.  >. 
Aedh   0*Neni,  K.  of  Ailech,  cli.   n.^. 

121;  refuses  to  receire  [the  s.  of]  Am- 

laibh,  cxlnii.  119;  his  descent,  cxlviil. 

n.  ^;  appealed  to  for  aid  hy  Malachy, 

di.  121 ;  his  refusal,  cliL  122 ;  Malachy 

yisits  him  in  person,  and  offers  to  re- 


sign  to  him  his  crown,  diii.  127;  as- 
sembles  the  Cenel  Eoghain,  129;  who 
demand  from  Malachy  half  his  ter- 
ritory,  131;  meets  Brian  at  Dnndalk, 
and  agrees  to  a  trace  for  a  year,  cIt. 
135 ;  slain  in  the  battle  of  Craebh-Tul- 
cha,  cM.  135. 

Aedh  (St.)  or  Moedhog,  of  Fems,  Ixxiii.  n. 

Aedh  Scannail  (St.),  miracles  of,  25. 

Aengas  Cennatin,  ancestor  of  the  famil^ 
of  O'Quin,  dxxvi.  n.  K 

Aengus  the  Culdee,  writings  of,  in  St. 
Isidore*8  College,  Rome,  zii.  n. 

Aenghus  (St.),  called  Mac-Tail,  283,  n. '. 

Agbaboe.     See  Achadh-bo. 

Aibhill  (or  Aibhinn)  of  Craig  Liath,  the 
boding  spirit  of  the  Dalcais,  cxi.  n.  *. 
clxxxYiii.  200,  n.0.  201. 

Aibhinn.    See  AibhilL 

Aiclll,  or  Acaill,  danr.  of  Cairbre  Niafer 
s.  of  Ros  Buadh,  K.  of  Leinster,  cxxiii. 
n.  s ;  poem  on  her  by  Cinaed  O'Harti- 
gan,  ib.  ;  died  of  grief,  on  hearing  that 
her  brother  had  been  slain,  ib» ;  games 
performed  for  her  after  her  death,  ib, 

Aidhne.    See  Ui-Fiachrach-Aidhne. 

Aifl,  "the  border  of,"  cxxziii.  n. «.  93. 

Ailbhe  (St.)  of  Imleach  or  Emiy,  czzztr. 
n.  2.  97. 

Ailbhine  (now  the  Delrin  river),  northem 
boundary  of  co.  of  Dublin,  dxxL  n.  *• 

Ailech,  palace  of  Korth  Uladh,  cxlviii  n.  >. 

Ailgenan,  s.  of  Dungal,  K.  of  Munster,  d. 
237. 

Aine,  now  Knockany,  oo.  of  Limerick, 
czziii.  82,  n.*.  91. 


S04 


INDEX. 


Airer  Graedbil  (now  Argyle),  clviii.  137; 

foreigners  of,  come  to  Clontaif,  clxviii. 

n.^  153. 
Airghialla  (Oirghiall,  Oriei,  or  Uriel)  re- 

fuse  to  join  Brian  at  Clontarf,  clxxri. 

D.<  ;  boundaries  of,  xcviii.  n.  >. 
Airther  Life  (Eastern  LifTej),  boundary 

of,  XC.  n. 
Airtri,  Abbot  of  Armagh,  xlri. ;  expelled 

by  Niall  Caille,  xlvii. ;  made  Bishop  of 

Armagli  by  him,  ib. 
Airtri,  6.  of  Catbal,  K.  of  Munster,  Scan- 

dinavian  invasion  bcgan   in  rcign  of, 

xxxi.  3.  221  {  liis  date,  240-42. 
Alba  (Scotland),  rocn  of,  dcfeated,  27. 29. 

232. 
Albanach,  8.  of  Maelsechiaiiin .    Sec  Flann 

Albanacb. 
AUiteration,  a  cbaracteristic  of  the  Irish 

bardic  style,  2,  n.*.  10,  n.  56,  n.'''.  114,  d. 

155,  n.^;  Irish  Iove  of,  xxix. 
Allmurach,  meaaing  of  thc  word,  41,  n. 

176,  n.  177. 
Arohalgaidh,  Abbot  of  Arniagh,  clxxxlx. 

n  J ;  flrst  exercised  jurisdiction  over 

Munster,  ib. 
Amlaf,   plunders   Lismore,  Ixxxvii.  33 ; 

murden  bis  brothcr  Osill,  or  Oisl^,  ib, ; 

attacked  by  the  Fir-muighe,  ib. 
Amlaf,  f.   of  Amlaf,   25;    banished  by 

Mathgarobain,  with  Ivar  of  Limerick,  to 

Britain,  cxxir.  85 ;  slain  by  the  K.  of 

Britaiii,  ib,;  s.  of  Amlaf  [read  grand- 

Bon],  cxxir.  n.  <. 
Amlaf,  or  Olaf,  Cenncairech,  281. 
Amlaf  (Olaf),  s.  of  Godfrey,  slays  Con- 

galach,  K.  of  Ireland,  xcvii ;  a  mistake 

for  Olaf,  8.  of  Sitric,  286. 
Amlaf,  grandson  of  Ivar,  slain,  Ixxvi.  n.  *. 
Amlaf  (or  Olaf),  Lagmund,  s.  of  Gof- 

fraith,   clxxiv.  ib.,  n.\  166.  271.  272. 

No.  (8) ;  slain,  cxci.  n.  207. 
Amlaf,  8.  of  Lagman,  s.  of  Goff^aidli, 

164,  n.  IO ;  slain  at  Clontarf,  207. 
Amlaf,  8.  of  K.  of  Lochlann,  Earl  of  Cair, 

151. 
Amlaf  (or  Olaf  the  White),  arrival  of, 

Ixix.  Ixxviii.  n.  *;  assumes  sovereignty 


of  the  Gaill  in  Ireland,  23. 230 ;  drownt 

Conchobhair,  heir  of  Tara,  23.  230 ;  ex- 

ploitB  of,  Ixx.  268,  8q. ;  his  genealogy, 

2H4;  called  "Olaf  Conung,"  264,  No. 

(2);  slain  in  Ireland,  Ixxvi.  n.    SeeOIaf 

Huiţi. 
Amlaf,  or  Olaf,  s.  of  Sitric,  same  as  Olaf 

Cuaran,  xcix.  n.  > ;  his  genealogy,  278 ; 

his  history,  280,  No.  (5) ;  goes  on  pil- 

grimage  to  Hi  Coluim  cil  le,  ci.  47;  dies 

there,  ci.  47,  n.     8ee  Olaf  Cuaran,  and 

Sitric,  8.  of  Olaf  Cuaran. 
Amlars  8.,  with  Baraid,  plunders  Lein. 

ster    and    Munster,    Ixxiv. ;    probably 

Thorstein,  s.  of  Olaf  the  White,  Ixxir. 

n.*. 
CCni|^uc,  pi.  of  am  op  a  soldier,  avolun- 

teer,  169;  probably  cognate  with  amboe- 

tu8j  clxxviii.  n. '. 
Amund,  s.  of  Dubhginn,  K.  of  PortLairge, 

slain  at  Clontarf,  207.  cxci.  n. 
Anglo-Normans,    invited    by    Diarroaid 

Mac  Murchadha,  cxcviii.  n.  i;  sj'mpa- 

thy  of  the  Danes  of  Ireland  for,  cxcix. ; 

confounded  with  the  Danes  under  the 

common  name  of  Gaill,  cxcix. 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronîcle,  arrival  of  Scan- 

dinavians  recorded  in,  xxxiv. 
Anle,  8.  of  Cathal,  slain,  31. 
Anrad  (Anrath  or  Anroid),  s.  of  EIbric. 

clxxiv.  n.  1.   165;   signifies   ''waTrior," 

but  may  have  beoa  ».  of  Elbric's  name, 

clxxxv.  n.*.  194,  n.  >. 
CCn  cpatniuuT),  meaning  of  the  phraae, 

280,  n. 
Aodh  mac  Bric,  the  crosier  of,  zciv.  n. 
Aoibliinn,  or  Aoibhill,  the  Banshee  of  the 

O'Briens,  cxi.  n. '. 
Apostles  of  Ireland,  their  fasting  at  Tara, 

11. 
Aradh  of  Munster,  now  the  barooy  of 

Aradh  or  Duharra,  co.   of  Tipperary, 

XXX  vii.  n. 
Aradh- tire  (Aradh  or  Duharra),  battle  of, 

Ixxx.  n.<». 
Aralt,  or  Harold  (s.  of  Ivar,  grandson  of 

Ivar),  of  Limerick,  ciii.  49.  275 ;  Danish 

K.  of  Munster,  cxxxvL   103;  invited 


INDEX. 


305 


bj  Donoran  to  his  houae,  ib.  ţ  alain  bj 
Brian,  î&. 

Aralt  or  Harold,  s.  of  OUf  Cuaran,  slain 
at  Glen-mama,  cxlir.  IU. 

Arascach,  Abbot  of  Mac-inui,  eiror  of  Dr. 
O'ConoT  and  Mr.  Moore  regardiog, 
zxxiii.  ii.>. 

Ard  Brecaia  (Ardbraccan,  co.  of  Meath), 
Danea  defeated  at,  Ixvi.  SI.  229 ;  pLun- 
dered  hy  foreigners,  IxztL  n. '. 

Ard-Feradaigb,  Foreigners  slangbtered  at, 
Iz.  19;  same  as  Cam  Feradaigh,  Iz. 

Ard-ferta  (Ardfert),  18,  n.«. 

Ardgal  or  Ardol,  s.  of  Madocan,  K.  of 
Uladh,  slain,  zcviii.  n.  K  45. 

Ard-Macha.    See  Armagh. 

OCfiT)  oUam  le  TKzn,  chief  bard  or  poet, 
XT.  n. 

Ardpatricky  barony  of  Cosblea,  co.  of 
Limerick,  czzzyili.  n. 

ArdttL    See  Ardgal. 

Are  hinn  Frode,  first  Norse  writer  of  Sagas, 
xzviii.  n.  1 ;  bis  date,  t6. 

Argyle.    See  Airer  Gaedhil. 

Argyle  (see  Dalriada),  battle  between  tbe 
Ijorsemen  and  tbe  people  of,  1.  13.  226. 

Ari  Marson,  an  earlj  settler  in  America, 
descended  from  CarroU  of  Ossoiy,  301, 
No.  (6). 

Armagh,  abbacy  of^  nsarped  hy  Suibhne, 
8.  of  FaimecbjZlvii. ;  bishop-abbots  of, 
clxzxiz.  n.  ^ ;  plundered  three  times  in 
one  month,  zlii.  9.  224;  abbacy  of, 
osurped  by  Turgeslus,  ib. ;  plundered 
by  Feidhlimidh,  King-Bishop  of  Cashel, 
zlr.  n. ;  the  abbacy  oî,  usnrped  by  hlm, 
i6.,  n. ;  plundered,  17.  228;  by  the  sons 
oflTarofDublin,29.233;  byGluniarain, 
lxz7i.  n.9;  by  Qodfrey,  grandson  of 
Imhar,  zeii.  37 ;  yisited  by  Brian,  clvi.; 
supremacy  of^  recognised  by  Brian,  t^; 
Brian  and  bis  8..Murchadh,  buried  in, 
211;  society  or  clergy  of,  meet  Brian's 
body  at  Louth,clxzziz.  203 ;  entry  made 
in  book  oţ  in  Brian  s  presence,  clri.  n.  *. 
cizzxiz.  n.  1;  Brian's  bequest  to  the 
Abbot  ot,  clzzzFiii.  201.  See  Eoghan 
Malnistrech;  Airtri;  and  Amhalgadh. 


Armonr,  Danish,  superiority  of,  53. 
Arnaill,  or  Emal,  Scot,  slain,  cIzzzL  ozcL 

n.  185.  207. 
Arra,  or  Dubarra.    See  Aradh-tire. 
CCtXfin  for  latifin,  afterwards,  223. 
Art  Oenfer,  124,  n.s.  125. 
Ascaill-Gall,  situation  of,  czliiL  n.*. 
Ascalt  Putrall,  233. 
Aslauga,  wi£9  of  Ragnar  Lodbrok,  M. 
Assaroe.     See  Eas-Aedha-Ruaidh ;  and 

£as  Buaidh. 
Asser*s  Gesta  ^Ifridi,  IvL  n.B. 
AthCliath  ('*  Ford  of  Hurdles  "),  several 

plăcea  in  Ireland  so  called,  liz. 
Ath  Cliath  an  Chorainn  (now  Ballymote), 

liz.  n. 
Ath  Cliath  Duibblinne.    See  Duibhlinn  of 

Ath-Ksliath  (Dublin). 
Ath  Cliath  Medraighe  (Clarinbridge,  co. 

Galway),  Ux.  n. 
Ath-da-Fert,  in  the  North  of  Ireland,  fleet 

at,  7 ;  meaning  of  the  name,  zzziz. 
Ath  Gabhla,  IxU.  n. 
Athgreany,  cxIf.  n. 
Ath-I  (Athy),  the   Dalcais   Uke   their 

wounded  Uiither,  czcIf.  215 ;  meaning  of 

the  name,  czciv.  n. '. 
Ath-liag  (Athleague),  a  fordon  the  Shan« 

non,  czli.  n.^.  109. 
Ath-Luain  (Athlone),  Brian  sails  thither, 

and  takes  the  hostages  of  Connaught 

and  of  Maelsechlainn,  clv.  133. 
Ath  Lucait  (now  Lochid  bridge,  barony  of 

Inchiquin,  co.  of  Clare),  czir.  n.  <.  67. 
Ath-na-Borumha(''FordoftheBorumha*'), 

situation  of,  cri.  n.  >. 
Ath-na-nech  (Ford  of  the  Steeds),  99. 
Ath-Seanaigh  (Ballyshannon),  dvlL  n•^ 

135. 
Ath-Toradde,  98,  n.  99. 
Ath  U  Doghair,  cziiL  n.  K  67. 
Audr,  or  Audă,  Scandinavian  name  of 

Ota,  zliz.  n. 
Audunn.    See  Oduinn. 
Auisle  (or  Flosius),  Izzii.  Izzix.  Izzzt 

n.«. 

Badbarr,  BarL    See  Baethbair. 


306 


IKDEX. 


Baedan,  s.  of  Muirchertach,  E.  of  Cîxt- 

raighe  Luaohra,  Blain,  czci.  209,  n. 
Begsec,  E.  of  Bernicia,  slain  at  Beading, 

270. 
Baetan,  8.  of  Danlaing,  K.  of  W.  Leiiuter, 

clxxÎT.  n.^.  165. 
Baethban  (Badbarr,  or  Bodyar),  Earl, 

drowned,  Izziii.  Izxxrii.  25. 
Baile-atha-cliath,   or  Ath-Cliath.      8ee 

Babhlinn  of  Ath.CUath. 
Baile-atharai,  ancient  name  of  Athj,  czdr. 

n.». 
Băile  Tiglie  Fanomain.    See  Mnlty&m- 

ham. 
Ballaghmoon-bridge.  SeeBelacli  Mugfaxuu 
Ballahowra.    See  Genn  Febrath. 
BaliyadamB,  baronj  of,  Qneen'B  co.,  cbdT. 

n.i. 
Balljmote.    See  Ath  Gliath  an  Choramn. 
Balljshannon.    See  Ath-Seanaigh ;   aee 

Eas-Boaâh. 
Banba,  a  name  of  Ireland,  cxi.  n.  *.  63. 
Bangor.    See  Bennchnr. 
Bann,  the  rirer,  101. 
Banner,  called  **The  Baren,"  ItL  n.«; 

Sîgard^B  rayen  banner,  dzxxiii.  n.  K 
Banshee.    See  Aibhinn  of  Craig  Liath. 
«    Baothan  or  Brethan  (St.),  patron  of  Lann 

Lere,  now  Dnnleer,  zi.  n.  K 
Bandd  or  Barith  (BArdr),  plonders  Lmn- 

ater  and  Mnnater,  bodr.  25. 27 ;  battle 

with  Bagnall*8  a.,  27.  282;  woonded 

and  lamed,  ib, 
Bardr.    See  Baraid. 
Barid,  Mac  n-Oitir,  or  a.  of  Oitir,  274; 

ilain  hj  Raghnall,  IzzziT.  n. 
Barith  or  Baraid,  Lord  of  Limerlck,  27S ; 

hia  Bona,  ib.    See  Baraid. 
Bamesmore  Gap.    See  Beama8-M6r. 
Barri,  St.,fir8tBi8hopof  Cork,cxzz.  91. 98. 
Barrow  (the).    See  Berbha. 
Battaliona  of  Ckmnaugbt,  the  Beven,  czili. 

.n.  67 ;  the  three,  czît.  n.  >.  67. 
Battle  of  Oinna,  or  **  Progresa  of  Tadhg,** 

an  hiatorical  tale,  z.  n. 
Baughta  or  Slieye  Baughta  Mountaina, 

cz.  n.  *.  60,  n. ". 
Bealach  Dnnbolg,  czlr.  n.  czlvi.  n. 


Beama  Dhearg  (**  Bed  gap  *),  described, 

czzz.  n.^. 
Beamaa  M6r  (BameamoreGap),  dfît  bl*. 

135. 
Bech-erenn,  Beg-eire,  or  Beghery  MaBd, 

in  Wezfordharbonr,  222,  n. ;  plvnâered, 

7.  zzzYiii. 
Bec-Mac-De,  or  Mac  Dega,  preteoded 

prophedea  of,  lArm.  czc  207.  225 ;  hia 

calendar  âaj  and  date,  zlriiL  n.;  hia 

prophecy  of  the  ooming  d  the  Bănea» 

11.  15.  16.  225.    See  Mobeoc. 
BegerCfOrBegerjIaland.  SeeBech-erenn. 
Beinlana,  ortheBonelesa,  Irar.  Seelngrar. 
Beinn  Gnlban.    See  Benn  Gnlban. 
Belach  Accaile,  71  (a  cormpt  reading  for 

Belach  EochalUe),  czri.  n.  h 
Belach  Duin,  185 ;  near  Dnndalk,  accord- 

ing  to  Dr.  O^Donoran,  clviii  n. ;  reaUjr 

Caatlekeeran,  in  Meath,  acoording  to 

Dr.  Beeyea,  ib» 
Belach  Eochaille  (old  road  from  Liamore 

to  Yonghal),  czri.  n.  K 
Belach-LechtoCorLeghtha),fordof,czzziz. 

93 ;  battle  cî,  czzrrii.  105.  107;  oorrect 

name,  Belach  Leghtha,  czzzriiL  o.; 
.  legend  ezplaining  the  origin  of  the  name, 

ib. :  acoonnt  of  battle  of,  in  Dublin 

Ann.  of  InisfaUen,  t6.,  n.'. 
Belach.Miighna,  in  Magh  Ailbhe  (nov 

Ballaghmoon  bridge,  oo.  of  EUdaie), 

battle  of,  criiL  n.  K 
Belan.  See  Bithlann. 
Bel-atha-liag    (Iriah    name    of   Laaea- 

borongh),  czli.  n.  *. 
BeUBorumha.    See  Bonunha. 
Ben-£dair,  now  Howth,  czlr.  117.  149. 

SeeEdar. 
Bennchair  (tme  reading  Bechere),  6.  n. 

See  Bech-erenn. 
Bennchnr  of  Uladh  (now  Bangor),  phm- 

dered,  and  ita  biahop  and  def^  alahi, 

zzzriii.  7.  223. 
Benn-Golban  (now  BenbulUn),  momitain 

of,  drii.  n. ».  186. 
Beolan  Llttiil,  and  hia  aon,  alain  b^  Im 

of  Limerick,  czzir.  85 ;  perhapa 

tor  of  CTBeolan,  czzir.  n.  *• 


IKBEX. 


807 


Berbha  (the  Barrow),  czer.  215b 
Berchan  (St.)i  xlviU.;  prophedes  attri- 

buted  to,  cxc.  205 ;  his  prophec  j  of  the 

coming  of  the  Dones,  9.  11.  225. 
Berna  Derg.on  SUabh  Caoiiif  cxxzriii.  il>. 
Bernard,  s.  of  Suanin,  xd.  n.  207. 
Beneckr,Irish  parallel  to  the,  clzzziiL  n.  K 
fiiatach,  or  Biadtach,  ăvLtj  of,  136.  n.  K 
Bin-Bolbin.    8ee  Benn-Guiban. 
Biftm  Lronside,  Ixxziii.  n.  '• 
Birnâin,  zer.  n.  K  41. 
Birnn  (Bi6ni),  dain  by  Brian,  czii.  n.  6a. 
Blshoprlcs  founded  hj  the  Danei  in  Ire- 

land,  czdx. 
bitbenada,  plonderert,  186. 
Bithlann  (Belan,  oo.  of  Kiidare),  battle  ot, 

c.  47. 
Blacar,  K.  of  Dablln,  287. 
Black-gentilet,  zzxL  19.  229;  driren  to 

Scotland.  bucri.  27.  232.    SeeDanee. 
Bleanphnttoge.    See  Plein-Pattoigi. 
BodFar,  £ari.    See  Bathbair. 
Boetan.    See  Baetan. 
Boinn  (the  Bojne),  airiral  of  a  fleet  at, 

Wiii.  17.  228. 
Book,  of  Armagh  (see  Armagh) ;  of  Clon- 

macnoue,  czvii.  n.  *. ;  of  Leinster,  age 

oţix 
Booki  destrojed  hy  the  Danee,  189. 
Bommha,  meaning  of,  ctL  n.  •. 
Borumha  (or  Bel-Bonunha),  fortlfled  hj 

Brian,  dlx,  n.^.  141* 
Bojne.   See  Boinn. 
Bran,  e.  of  Maelmordha  (aaceitor  of  UI 

Brain  or  O'Byme),  dziii  n.  K  czcriii. 

n.  M  blinded  hy  Sitric,  K.  of  Dublin, 

dxTiiL  n.  K 
Bregia,  eitoation  and  eztent  of,  xd.  n. ' ; 

plundered,  lyiii  17.  228.     See  Magh 

Breagh. 
Breifhtf ,  extent  of,  dxir.  n«  *• 
BreiChtf,  Eatt  (now  the  oo.  of  Caran), 

cLcdi.  n.  >.  157. 
Breifhe,  West  (now  oo.  of  Leitrim),  Fer- 

gal  O^Boorke,  K.  of,  dxxii.  n.  >.  157 ; 

plondered  b/  Brian,  109. 
Brtotir,  dtoation  of^  oxiL  n.  63. 
Brenan,  son  of  Fergui,  alain,  xd.  n. '.  87. 


Brendan,  St.,  Ixxir.  25. 

Brethan,  St.    See  Baothan. 

Brian  Boramha,  b.  of  Cennddigh,  K.  of 
Mnnster,  and  Irdand,  3.  5.  221 ;  his 
osnrpation  of  the  monardiy,  xx?ili. ; 
gains  the  battle  of  Cathair  Coan,  xdx. 
45;  hia  pedigree,  59 ;  reftises  to  makea 
trace  with  the  fordgner8,cx.61 ;  hls  war- 
fkre  in  the  fbrests  of  Tliomond,  ifr. ;  his 
followers  rednced  to  flfteen,  cx.  63 ;  in- 
tervieir  with  his  brother  Mathgamhain, 
cxL  63;  Mathgamhaln*8  poem  of  con- 
ddenoe,  cxi  63 ;  called  Brian  of  Banba, 
cxi  n.11.  63;  reproaches  Mathgamhain 
for  hia  trace  with  the  foreiguen,  cxii. 
65;  poetical  dialogae  between  him 
and  Mathgamhain,  on  the  battle  of 
Solchoit,  cxxi.  81 ;  hia  elegy  on  Math- 
gamhain*! death,  cxxxii.  89;  recog- 
niaed  as  K.  of  Maniter,  cxxxr.  cxxxix. ; 
description  of  hii  reign,  101;  kills 
lyar  of  Limerick  and  hia  eons,  103; 
thisreading  corrected,  cxxxr. ;  hia  ren- 
geance  on  Donoran,  cxxxtL  103 ;  killa 
Hardd,  a.  of  Irar,  of  Limerick,  t&.;  pro- 
daima  war  agoinat  Mai^lmnaidh,  cxxxri. 
103 ;  poetical  inatractionato  liia  ambaa- 
aador,  ib,;  reftiaea  to  accept  fine  or  hoa- 
tagea  Ibr  hia  brother'a  marder,  cxxxrii. 
105 ;  Tanqaiahea  the  Deid  of  Waterford, 
cxxxix.;  baniabea  DomhnaU,  aon  of  Fae- 
lan  of  Waterford,  cxi.  107;  găina  the 
battle  of  Bdadi  Lechta,  aud  alaja  Mael- 
moaidh,  cxxxrii.  107 ;  găina  the  battle 
of  Fan  Conrach,  cxxxix.  107 ;  aubduea 
Oaaofy,  ib.;  pută  Oiilapatrick,  K.  of 
Oaaoiy,  intoirona,  ib.;  aubduea  Leinster, 
ib,  î  takea  hoetagee  of  the  churehea  of 
Munater,  cxL  107;  acknowledgedK.  of 
Leth  Mogha,  a.d.  984,  cxli.  109;  pută  a 
fleet  on  Loch  Ddrg-Dheirc,and  on  Loch 
Bee,  ib, ;  plundera  Meath  and  Breifh^ 
ib, ;  inyadea  Ck>nnaught  with  the  Gaill 
of  Waterford,  ib,;  makea  peaoe  with 
Madaechlainn  at  Plein-Pattoigi,  cxlii. 
109;  Leinater,  with  the  Dublin  Danea, 
menace  him  with  war,  cxlilL  109;  găina 
the  battle  of  Glen^mama  against  tbem, 

x2 


308 


INDEX. 


cxUii.  111;  tRkea  the  Castle  of  Dublin, 
cxlr.  113;  bis  complete  subjection  of 
the  foreigners,  117 ;  makes  Dublin 
bis  head  quartera.  cxlvii.  113.  117; 
ravages  Leinster,  and  buras  Coill  Go- 
mair,  117;  unfounded  statement  that  he 
was  Bolicited  hj  tbe  princes  of  Con- 
naught  to  detbrone  Malachy,  ci.  n.;  in- 
vades  Meath  'with  the  forces  of  Leth 
Mogha,  ci.  119;  bis  invasion  of  Meath 
called  a  rebeUion  bj  Tighemach,  ci.  n. ; 
dethrones  Donnchadh»  K.  of  Leinster, 
119;  grants  Malacby  a  truce  for  a  month 
to  assemble  Leth  Cuinn,  el.  119;  bis 
Danisb  cavalrj  defeated  bj  Malachj, 
ci.  n. ;  date  of  bis  accession  to  the  throne 
of  Ireland,  cIy.;  invades  Ck)nnaught  and 
Ulster,  clv.  133.  135;  grants  a  truce  for 
a  jear  to  tbe  nortbern  chieftains,  clv. 
135 ;  ofTers  20  oz.  of  gold  on  tbe  altar  of 
Armagh,  cM.  135 :  takes  bostages  from 
tbe  nortb,  except  Cinei  Conaill,  t6.;  by 
an  entry  in  tbe  Book  of  Armagb,  recog- 
nises  tbe  supremacy  of  that  See  over 
Muntter,  cWi.  n.  <;  bis  expedition  round 
Ireland,  civil.  135 ;  bis  route  described, 
civil.  n.  >.  135 ;  bis  supposed  nayal  ex- 
pedition toplunder  Great  Britain»  civili. 
137  ;  peace  and  prosperity  in  bis  reign, 
clix.  137 ;  he  erecta  cburcbes  and  en- 
courages  learnlng,  clix.  139 ;  strength- 
ent  and  builds  fortiflcatlonsi  clx.  141 ; 
plunders  Ossory  and  Leinster,  151 ;  joins 
Murchadb  at  Kilmainham,  clxvii.  151 ; 
besieges  Dublin  from  September  to 
Cbristmas,  wben  he  returns  borne  for 
want  of  provisions,  ib.ţ  on  St.  Patrick's 
Day  foUowing,  prepares  an  expedition 
against  Dublin  and  Leinster,  ib.;  ad- 
vances  towards  Dublin,  clxx.;  combina- 
tion  against  bim,  clxx.  n.  1. 153;  plun- 
ders Ui  Grabhla  and  Ui  Dunchadha,  and 
bums  Kilmainham,  clxxi.  165;  detaches 
his  son  Donnchadh  to  plunder  Leinster, 
ib  ;  bolds  a  council  of  war  on  tbe  eve  of 
thebattleof  Clontarf,clxxii.  155;  chief- 
tains  prcsent,  ib,  tl  ^;  marcb  of  his  army 
deicribed,  155, 157 ;  valour  of  hia  troops, 


161;  dispositlon  of  his  army  at  Clontarţ 
clxxY.  167 ;  his  deatb  foretold  by  Brodar, 
clxxiii.;  foretold  by  0*Hartigan,clxxTiiL 
n.  K  173;  furetold  by  theBanshee  Aibhill, 
clxxxviiL  201;  bis  ten  stewardsatClon;- 
tarf,  clxxviL  169;  account  of  bis  death 
given  in  Njala,  clxxxvL  n.  ^ ;  his  attend* 
ant  there  called  Takt  [t.e.  his  son  l'adhg], 
clxxxvi.  n.  a ;  his  attendant  was  his  ne- 
pbew,  Conang,  according  to  Ann.  of 
Loch  C^,  i&.;  propbecy  of  the  succession 
of  his  son  Donnchadh,  clxxxviii.  201 ; 
account  of,  in  Ann.  of  Loch  C^,clxxxTiii. 
n.  s;  bis  devotional  exercises  dnring  the 
battle  of  Clontarf,  cIxxxyL  197.  260; 
his  attendant  reports  the  progresa  of  the 
battle,  dxxxvil  197,  «9.  261 ;  his  ]*- 
mentation  on  the  death  of  Mnrchadh, 
clxxxviii.  201; his  will,  ib,;  directionsas 
to  his  funeral,  dxxxix.  203;  murdered 
in  bis  tent  by  Brodar,  ib, ;  his  age  at 
his  death,  clxxxix.  n.>;  duration  of  his 
reign,  clx.  n. ' ;  story  of  his  death  in 
Njala,  cxc.  n.  ^ ;  panegyric  on  him,  cxc 
203 ;  his  funeral,  cxcii.  211 ;  diasenaioa 
among  the  leaders  of  his  army  after  the 
battle  of  Clontarţ  cxcii.  213. 

Bridges  built  by  Brian  and  Maelsech- 
lainn,  ci  viii.  n.  >.  141. 

Bri-Gobhann  (Brigown,  near 
town),  plundered,  ÎL  15. 

Britons,  alleged  plunder  of,  by 
civili.  137. 

Brodar  (or  Brodir),  Earl  of  Caer  Eabhrog; 
clxx.  n.  K  clxxiiL  n.';  invitedtooppoae 
Brian,  clxvii.  151 ;  ispromisedthekîng* 
dom  of  Ireland  and  Gormflaith*a  haod, 
clxyiii. ;  his  name,  signif^ing  Brother, 
mistaken  for  aproper  name,  clxix.  n.  > ; 
had  been  a  Cbristian  deacon,  clxix. ; 
may  have  been  King  Outriug,  who  was 
an  apostate  deaoon,  clxix.  n.*;  de- 
scription  of,  from  Njala,  clxix.;  his 
sorcery,  clxxiii. ;  his  position  at  the 
battle  of  Clontarf,  cIxxt.  n.^;  killa 
Brian,  dxxvi.  n.  >.  clxxxix.  203;  hia 
deatb,  ib,  207  ;  his  punisbment  and 
death,  according  to  Njala,  cxc.  n.  K 


INDEX. 


309 


Bro^rbhan,  8.  of  Conchobhar,  K.  of  Ui 

Failghe,  slain,  dxxir.  n.  *.  czcL  n.  165. 

209. 
Brngh-righ  (Burgum  regis),  now  Brnree, 

a  rojal  residence,  cxxriU.  a.  *. 
Broree.    See  Brugh-righ. 
Bniree.    See  Dun-Eochair-Maige. 
Brussels.    See  Borgondian  Library. 
Brut  j  Tywysogion,  Scandinaviaa  inT»- 

flions  of  Ireland  recorded  in,  xxzii.  xxxiii. 
Buailte    Farannain.      See   Baile-tighe- 

Farannain. 
Buidnin,  a  Danish  leader,  xct.  n.  K  41. 
Bondrowes  (mouth  of  the  lirer  Drowes), 

near  Donegal,  clvii.  n.  *. 
Btmrattj  (Bun-Tradraighe),  cz.  n.  *. 
Borgundian  Library,  BrusselSyCopyof  tbe 

present  work  preserved  in,  xiv. 
Bornt  Njal,  or  Njal's  Saga,  account  of  Earl 

Sigurd's  raven  banner  in,  dxxxiii  n.  ^. 

Cocoap  a  sacred  place,  1 14. 

Caemhgen  (St.  Keyin),  community  of, 

clxvi.  151. 
Caer   Ascadal  (probably  York),  cIxTii. 

n. '.  151,  n.  14. 
Caer  Coniath,  clxx.  n.  h 
Caer  Eabhrog  (York),  151,  n. ;  Brodar, 

Earl  of,  clxx.  n.  K  dxxiii.  xu  ';  earls  oî, 

dxvii.  n.  •. 
Cae£  Eigist,  clxx.  n.  K 
Caer  Goniath,  clxx.  n.  i. 
Caesar,  Mb  obaervation  on  the  word  Celt, 

xxix.  n. 
Caetil  Find,  kllled,  23. 
Caille  Cormaic  ("  Cormac*!  woods  **),  ex- 

tent  of,  cxxvii.  n.  i.  87. 
Cailliu,  St.,  contention  of,  with  Dmids, 

cxxii.  n.';  tums  the  Druids  into  atone,  ib. 
Cair(forCair-Ebroc,orYork).    See  Caer 

Eabhrog. 
Cairbre,  8.  of  Dunlang,  heir  apparent  of 

Leinster,  taken  prisoner,  Ixxx.  n.  \ 
Cairbre  Niafer  (s.  of  Rof  Buadh),  E.  of 

Leinster,  cxxxiii.  n. '. 
Cairbre,  or  Cairbri  O'Ciardha  [O^Carej], 

(now  bar.  of  Carbnry,  co.  of  Kildare), 

K.  of,  clxiF.  dxxiii.  n.  167. 


Cairbri  0*Ciardha.    See  Cairbre. 

Cairlinn.     See  Carllngford. 

Cairpre,  country  of,  or  Crich  Cairpre, 

now  bar.  of  Carbury,  co.  of  Sligo,  drii. 

n. ». 
Caisei,  of  the  kings  (now  Cashel) ;  klngt 

of,  3;  plandered,  19.  Ixy.  n.  229;  the 

capital  of  Munster,  71 ;  meaning  of  the 

name,  clx.  n.  ^ ;  strengthened  by  Brian, 

tfr.  141 ;  na  cceimenT),  "of  the  steps,** 

80 ;  why  80  called,  cxxii.  n.  K 
Cais-glinne.    See  Caislen-glinne. 
Caislen-glinne  (Glen-Castle),  Danes  de- 

feated  at,  Ixviii.  21.  n. 
CaitiU  Find,  leader  of  the  Gaill  Gaedhil, 

defeated    by   Ivar    and    Olaf,    Ivii. ; 

slain,  Ixxi.  23.  231 ;  other  readings  of 

the  name,  Ixxi.  n. 
Camas-o-Fothaldh-Tire,  Eeating*8  read- 

ing  of,  5.  n.  '  ;  where,  xxxvi.  n.  ^.  222 ; 

meaning  of  the  word,  xxxvi.  n. 
Camas,  or  Camos,  juxta  Bann,  clyiii  n. 
Cambrensis,  Giraldua.  See  Giraldus  Cam- 

brensi». 
Canon  Island.    See  Inis-mor. 
Cantire.    See  Cind-Tiri. 
Caoimh-ini8-Uibh-Rathaigh,  xxxri.  n. 
Caol-Uisce  (the  Narrow  water),  Ixiii.  n. 
Caradocof  Llancarvon,  reputed  author  of 

the  Brut  y  Ty wysoglon,  xxxiL  n.  xxxiiL 
Carbury.    See  Cairbre. 
Carey.    See  O'Ciardlia. 
Carllngford,    anciently  C!airlinn.       See 

Snamh  Aidhnech. 
Carlus,  8.  of  the  K.  of  Xiochlann,  clxxiT. 

n.  K  165 ;  slain,  cxci.  n.  207  *,  8W0rd  of, 

carried  off  by  Malachy  IL,  IxviL  n. ;  re- 

covered  by  the  Waterford  Danea,  and 

retaken  by  Mathgamhain  0*Riagain,  79b. 
Carlus  and  Ebric,  or  EIbric,  two  sons  of 

the  E.  of  France,  clxTiii.  n.  i.  153, 
Carlus,  8.  of  Amlaff,  slain,  Ixxir.  n.  \  Ixxx. 
Cam  Feradaigh,  cxiv.  67  ;  its  site,  cxir. 

n.  ^ ;  ancient  name  of  Seefin,  co.  of 

Limerick,  Ix.  n.     See  Ard-Feradaigh. 
Carraig-CUodhna.    See  Cliodhns. 
Carran  Laignech  (or  Carran  of  Leinster), 

slain  at  Salchoit,  7a  n.  '.  79. 


310 


INDEX. 


Carrick-lee.    See  Craig-Liatfa. 
Carroll.    See  CearbhalL 
Carthach,  St    See  Mochuda. 
Casan-Ciarraighe    (Cashen    rirer,    co. 

Eerry),  xxxyi.  n. 
CasKn-Linne,  rirer,  Izii  n.  ^ ;  now  ihe 

Gljde,  Ixiii  n. 
Cashel.    See  CaiseL 
Cashen  river.    See  Casan-Cianaighe. 
Cas  mac  Tail,  ancestor  of  tbe  Dai  Cais, 

ctL  CTii.  n. 
Castlekeeran.    See  Belach  Duin. 
Cat  islanda,  cbnriiL  n.i.  153. 
Cathair-Cuan,  battle  of,  zciz.  45.  103 ; 

situatîon,  and  origin  of  its  name,  xclx. 

a.* ;  plundered  by  Brian,  czzzyL  103. 
Cathal,  B.  of  Conchobhair,  K.  of  Con- 

naught,  cli  121.  123;  iather  of  Tadg, 

slain  at  Clontarf,  and  ancestor  of  aU 

tbe  O'ConoTS  of  Connanght,  clL  n.^; 

descendant  of  tbree  Catbala,  clliL  n. 

127. 
Catbal,  B.  of  Feradach  (or  Fogartach), 

of  Delbhna-mor,  joins  tbe  Dal-Cais, 

czvii.  75.  80,  n.  K  82,  n.*.  cxziU.  n.'; 

races  of,  cxxii.  83 ;  slain,  cxxiii.  83. 
Câtlec,  a  winnowing  sheet,  1 16. 
Cayes  plundered  l^  the  Danea,  bodr. 

25.  232. 
Canr  Finn,  231. 
Cearbball,  s.  of  Dongall,  chieftaln  of  Os* 

sory  and  E.  of  DubUn,  bis  alliance  with 

the  clann  Ivar,  IzxTiii. ;  becomes  K. 

of  DnbUn,  Ixzx. ;  his  histoiy,  ib,  n.  * ; 

bis  reign  aş  K.  of  Dublin  ignored  hy 

the  Irish  Anoals,  Izzz.  n.*;  in  Scan- 

dinaTîan  authorities,  dassed  with  the 

principal  sovereigns  of  Europe,  ib,  297 ; 

attacks  Leinster  and  Meath,  Izxz.  n.  * ; 

his  ancestzy,  263 ;  changes  of  pronun- 

ciation  of  bis  name,  263,  n. ;  his  de- 

scendants,   bj  his  sobb,  298--b7  his 

danghters,  800. 
Cearbball,  s.  of  Morigan,  K  of  Leinster, 

ezpels  the  Danes  from  Dublin,  IxzziL 
Cechtraighe,  Izr.  n.  K  2a  21.  229. 
Cellach,  S.  of  South  Bragia,  slain,  zd. 

n. '.  36,  n. 


Cellachao,  s.  of  Buadhachan,  K.  of  Mim- 

ster,  3. 
Cell-Dalua  (EiUaloe),  church  of,  erectcd 

bj  Brian,  c]iz«  139 ;  his  bequest  to  tbm 

church  oî,  clxzxyiii.  201. 
Cell  Dara  (Eildare),  plundered,  19.  35. 
Cell-Uasaille.    See  EUlossj,  or  Eillashee. 
Celt,  Caesar's  obsenration  on  the  vord, 

zxix.  n. 
Cenel  ConaiU.    See  Clnd  Conaill. 
Cennannus  (Eells),  plundered,  19.  IzL  n. 

zcrii.  45. 
Cenn-coradh  (Einncora),Brian*sresiâettce^ 

hear  SiUaloe,  czliz.  n.  * ;  Ospak  arriTes 

at,  czliz. ;  yarious  forms  of  the  name» 

ib, :  oonfounded  in  Njala  with  Canter- 

buzy,  ib,  i  forUfled  by  Brian,  dz.  n.  K 

141. 
Cenn  Curraigh(now  Eincony),  IzziîL  n.  i^ 

25. 33.  231. 
Cenneide,  s.  of  Donncuan,  Lord  of  Or- 

mond,  czzzyii  n.  i;  ancestor  of  0*Ken- 

ned/,  105. 
Cenneidigh  (Eennedj),  s.  of  Lorcan,  slain, 

zcrii.  45. 
Cenneidigh,  fkther  of  Mughron,  K.  of 

Leiz,  Izzzi.  n.  \  zc.  n.  35. 
Cenn-Etigh  (Einnetty,  Eing's  oow),  piua* 

dered,  Izi  n.  19. 
Cennfadadh,  s.  of  Murchadh,  S.  of  Mon- 

ster,  3. 
Cennfkeladh,   B.   of,   E.  of  Muscraidh» 

Breoghain,  slain,  Izz.  Izzi  23.  230. 
Cenn  Febrath,  now  Belach-Febnth,  Tolgo 

Ballahowra,  czzzriii.  n. ;  mountain  r»- 

moTod  by  St.  Patrick,  ib,;  fortified  bgr 

Brian,  dz.  n.K  141. 
Cenn  Fuait,  Sitriuc  tettles  «t,  Iznriz, 

35 ;  where,  ib,  ;  battle  of,  34,  n.  t5. 
Cenngegain  [Goosebead],  sumame  of  fin- 

guine,  E.  of  Munster,  3. 
Cenn-mara  (Eenmare),  plundered,  bd.  ik 

10.  22& 
Cennsleibhi(read  Cillsldbhi),  7. 
Cemach,  s.  c^Flann,  E.  of  Lintf  in  ICeath, 

slain,  dzT.  n.  S.  149. 
Cerrus  Hibemicus,  found  «t  Lough  G«r, 

dz.  n«  K 


INDEX. 


311 


Cethtraighi.    See  CechtraighL 

Chesa,  game  of,  on  Magh  Adhair,  cxîii. 
n.  1.  67. 

Chrifitianity  adopted  hj  tbe  Danes  of  Ire- 
land,  cxciz. 

Chronide  of  King  Eric,  in  Langebek,  1t. 

Chronîcon  Scotorum,  its  notices  of  Tur- 
gesiaa,  xUy.  n.  K  zIy.  n. '.  edited  by 
Mr.  HenneMy,  cei.  n.  K. 

Cian,  a.  of  Madmuadh,  makes  alliance 
with  Brian,  and  mamei  Brian's  daur. 
czL  n«  1 ;  claimi  tbe  tiirone  of  Mun- 
gter,  cxcii.  213;  slain  tbe  same  year, 
but  after  tbe  battle  of  Clontarf,  cxciv.  n-  K 

Clanacbta  Bregb,  in  Meatb,  Deocain, 
K.  of^  xci.  n. ' ;  descent  and  territoiy 
oî,  IxTiL  n. ;  defeat  tbe  Danes  at  Inia 
Einmic  and  Ratb-Alton,  Izix.  23. 230. 

CianachtaLuacbra  defeat  tbe  Danes,  Izix. 
23. 

Ciar,  B.  of  FergOB  Mac  B07,  E.  of  Ulster, 
ancestor  of  Uie  Ciarraigbe,  U.  n.  s. 

Ciaran  (or  St.  Kiaran),  of  Clonmacnois, 
bis  festival,  dxrii.  n«  •.  miracles  of, 
Ixxiii  25. 

Ciaran,  or  Old  Kiaran,  of  Saigher  (now 
Seir-kieran),  bis  festiTal,  dxyii  n.'; 
bis  propbecies,  xlyiii.  11.  225. 

Ciarltts,  s.  of  tbe  E.  of  Locblannţ  aUin, 
cxd.  n.207. 

Ciarraigbe  Lnaobra  (Eerry),  inraded, 
IxT.  19.  25.  29.  229;  defeat  tbe  Danes, 
28.  27.  280.  IxxxYiL  38;  inraded  by 
Korsemen,  li.  15.  227.  Baedan,  K.  of, 
sbdn,  cxcL  n.  209;  plundered  by  Baraid, 
Ixxiy. ;  defeat  Haconn  and  Cossanarra, 
Ixxrii.  27.  29;  several  districts  called 
Ciarraigbe,  Ixv.  n.  • ;  meaning  of  name, 
li.  n.  s.  IxT.  n. 

Ciarraigbe  Locba-Da-naimedb,  situation 
cft,  cIxxyL  n.  ^ 

Cill-Achaidb  (EiUeigb,  Kiug^s  00.},  plan- 
dered,  Ixi.  n.  v.  Izii.  n. 

CiU-daLna.    See  Kilbiloe. 

Cill-dara.    SeeKildare. 

Cili-Emhni.    See  Ciiil*£mhni. 

CiU  Ita  (Eilleedy),  plondered,  U.  2.  15; 
Ixr.  19.  227.  229. 


CillMaigbnenn  (Kilmainbam),  Mnrebadb, 
arriyes  at,  dxyU.  1 51 ;  biimed  by  Brian, 
dxxi.  n.s.  155. 

Cili  Molaisi  (Eilmolasb),  bumed,  xxxix. 
7.  223. 

CiU-Mona  [Cburcb  of  S.  Miînna]  (Eil- 
moon,  in  Meatb),  battle  of,  xcyiii.  45 ; 
its  date,  xcyiii.  n.  ^ ;  list  of  sbun  in 
battle  of,  xcyiii.  n.  b.  45. 

Cill-Mosambog  (Eilmasbogae),  battle  of^ 
xci.;  date  of^  i5.,  35,  n.;  meaning  of 
tbe  name,  xd.  n. ;  twelve  kings  slain 
in  tbe  battle,  ib.  n.  >.  38. 

Cill-mmii  (now  St.  Dayid's),  Britons  of, 
dxyiii.  n.  ^.  153. 

Cill-Sleibbi  (now  Killeyy),  plondered,  xL 
7.224. 

Cill-na-n-Daigbre  (EiUineer),  battle  of, 
really  between  tbe  K.  of  Ireland  and 
K.  of  Bregia,  tbe  foreigners  being  auxi- 
liary  to  tbe  latter,  Ixxxyiii.  33,  n.;  ao- 
count  of,  in  Ann.  of  Ulster,  Ixxxyiii  n. 

Cinaodb,  s.  of  Conaing,  cbief  of  Cian- 
achta  Bregb,  Ixvii.  n. 

Cinaodb,  s.  of  Mac  CrongbaiUe,  E.  of 
ConaiUe,  slain,  xcyiiL  n. '.  45. 

Cinaodb,  s.  of  TuatbaU  E.  of  Ui  Enecb- 
glais,  slain,  xc.  n.  35. 

Cind-Tiri  (Cantire),  foreigners  of,  joia 
against  Brian,  dxyiii.  n.  K  153. 

Cind  Conaill  (co.  of  Donegal),  dyi.  185; 
defeat  tbe  Danes,  IxyL  21 ;  defeated  by 
tbe  Danes,  c.  47 ;  refîue  to  join  lAiaa 
at  Glontaif,  dxxyL  n.  >. 

Cind  Eogbain,  genealogy  of  Eings  of  Ire- 
land bdonglng  to  tbe,  245 ;  refose  tbeir 
aidto  Malacby,  cliii.  129.  131;  refbse 
to  join  Brian  at  Clontarf,  clxxyi  n.  K 

CindFiacbacb(Einelea,  00.  Westmeatb), 
defeated  by  lyar  and  Cearbball,  lyiL 

Cind  Mani,  wbere,  xci.  n.*. 

Cine  mBeoe  (Eindmeaky,  co.  Coxk),  Ix. 
n.«. 

Cind-Meebair  (now  Meagber),  tbeir  tribe 
nameUiCaliin,  dxri.  n.s;  Loican,K. 
of,  slain,  149. 

Cionaetb,  s.  of  Toathal,  E.  of  Ui  Enedi- 
glais,  killed.  35. 


312 


INDEX. 


Cicach,  the  meaniDg  of,  uncertaîDy  czzyi. 

n.* 
Claen-CoDghair  (slope  of  tbe  Path)  cxIt.  n. 
Clanna  Elgi  (sons  of  Gormo  Enski),  xcir. 

39. 
Clanna  Gaileoin,  a  tribe  of  the  Firbolg, 

clxv.  n. «. 
Clanna  Luigdech,  or  desoendants  of  Ln- 

gaidh  Menn,  ctL  53. 85 ;  its  two  pillan, 

ib, ;  their  privileges,  crii.  55 ;  had  an 

alternate  right  to  Cashel,  ib. ;  a  name 

for  the  Dai  Caia,  cxxvi.  n. « ;  clxxr.  n. «. 

85 ;  position  of,  at  the  battle  of  Clon- 

tarf,  cbcxr.  clxzxiU.  167.  189. 
Clann  Aodha  Slaine,  genealogy  of  Eings 

of  Ireland,  of  the,  246. 
Clann  Colmain,  genealogy  of  Eings  of  Ire- 

land,  of  the,  246 ;  the  tribe  name  of 

K.  Malachy,  xx.  n.  K  clxxx. ;  resolve  to 

snbmit  to  Brian,  cliii.  181. 
Clann  Cuirc,  85 ;  descent  of,  cxxvi.  n.  >. 
Clann  Ivar,  arrlral  of,  at  Dublin,  Ixxrii. 

29. 233  î  their  victorie*,  29 ;  land  forcibly 

at  Dublin,  xc.  35. 
Clann  Scannlain,  situa tion  of,  clxxvi.  n.  h 
Clans   (Irish),  constitution   of,    cxriii. ; 

OTlaherty's  account  of,  ib,  n.«;  erils 

attending  the  system,  ib. 
Clarendon,  Earl  of,  loan  of  MSS.  obtained 

through,  xix. 
aarinbridge,  co.  of  Galway.     See  Ath 

Cliath  Medraighe. 
Clechoill,  or  Cleighile.    See  CnamhchoiU. 
Cleighile.    See  Cnamhchoill. 
Cliodhna,  a  fairy  priucess,  clix.  n. ». 
Cliodhna    (or    Carraig  -  Cliodhna),    the 

•*  Wave"  of,  clix.  n. ».  130. 
Gochna  (or  Clothnia),  Lord  of  Corca. 

Laighe,  slain,  Ix.  19. 
Clonard  (Cluain-Iraird),   plundcred   by 

foreigners,  Ixx.  n.  •.  Ixxri.  n.  ■. 
Clondalkin,  Amlaf 's  fort  there  bumed, 

Ixxx.  n.  «.  269. 
Clonenm^h.    See  Cluain  Eidhnech. 
Clonfert  of  St  Brendan,  xlniL ;  piondered 

by  Tnrgesius,  13.  226. 
Clonfert-Molua  (now  Kyle,  Qneen's  co.); 

plundered,liz.n.M7.228;  xciT.D.^d9. 


Clonmacnois,  plundered,  xcIt.  n.i.  39. 
lix.  n.  1.  CT.  n.*.  13.  17.  228;  the  bodk 
of  (i,€,  Annals  of  Tigbemach),  cxcrE 
n.  « ;  Ota,  wife  of  Torgesius,  givet  ber 
answersfrom  the  altar  at,  xlix.  13. 226; 
plundered  by  Feidhlimidh,  K.  of  Ca^bel, 
xl7.  xlri. 

Clontarf,  a  part  of  the  ancient  pliin  caUed 
Sean  Magh  Ealta  Edair,  dxxL  n.  M 12, 
n.  * ;  account  of  the  battle  of,  f rom  Ann. 
of  Loch  C^,  clxx.  n.  ^ ;  dispositionof  the 
enemy's  forces  at  the  battle  of,  163,  «7.; 
Brian*8  Danish  auxiliaries  at,  169;  Ma- 
lachy's  description  of  the  battle  of,  181, 
$q.  250,  sq. ;  conspleteness  of  theyietory 
due  to  Malachy,  cxctL  ;  Malachy  re- 
stored  to  his  throne  as  aoonseqnenoeoţ 
cxcTîi. ;  old  constituţional  rights  to  tbe 
throne  of  Lreland  destroyed  by,  ib.; 
the  Norsemen  not  sericusly  afiected  by, 
cxcTiîi. ;  paganism  undermined  bj, 
cxcix. ;  battle  of,  lasted  from  suoriie  to 
evening,  191  ;  the  effect  of  thetideoo 
the  battle,  ib,  xxt.  ;  its  true  date,  zxtL 
n. ;  veir  of,  clxxxir.  193.  257 ;  battle 
seen  from  Dublin,  clxxxiii.  191 ;  account 
of  the  battle  in  the  Njal-saga  diffen 
from  the  Irish  account,  dxxr.  n.  ^ ;  liik 
of  chieftains  slain  at,  on  Danish  side 
(fordgn),  cxc.  n.  *.  207 ;  (Irish),  cxd. 
n.  209 ;  on  Brian*s  side,  cxd.  n. 
209 ;  total  loss  of  the  enemy  at  Clon- 
tarf exaggerated,  cxci. ;  borial  of  the 
slain  after  the  battle,  cxdi.  211 ;  pitK 
phecy  of  Brodir  regarding  the  battle 
of,  clxxii. ;  total  rout  of  the  Dmes  st, 
clxxxiy.  191. 

Clothnia.    See  ClochiUL 

Clothrann,  101. 

Cloyne  (Cluainnamha),pluxidered,xxxTiiL 
xl.  7.  29;  IxL  n.«.  17.  222.  224.  228; 
Fergal  mac  Finnacfata,  bp.  and  sbbot 
of,  slain,  29.  233 ;  Uanan  mac  Gena, 
sub-abbot  of,  slain,  ib, ;  its  abbot  sad 
prior,  slain,  886.  Ism.  n.  *. 

Cluam-Ard-Mobeoc  (now  Kilpescoo), 
bumed,  xL  7.  223. 

Cluain -Comardha    (Colman's-veU,  00. 


IKDEX. 


313 


Limerick),  zlu.  d.  ».  227 ;  identifled  by 

Dr.  Reevea,  dv.  n,  *. 
Cluain  Creadhail,  Izt.  n. 
Claain  Daimh  (anknown),  -rictory  of  the 

Danes  oyer  the  Deisi  at,  Ixx.  23. 230. 
Cluain  Dallain,  154,  n.>. 
Ciuain-Dolcain.    See  Clondalkin. 
Claaia  Eidhnech  (now  Glonenagh),  plnn- 

dered,  Ixi.  n.  19. 
Claain  Ferta.    See  Clonfert. 
H  Claain  Ferta  Moina.  See  Clonfert  Molua. 
Clnain-Iraird.    See  Clonard. 
Cluain-mic-noia.    See  Clonmacnoii. 
Clnoin  m6r,  228.    Sec  Cloyne. 
Cluain-tarbh.    See  Clontarf. 
Cluain-Uamha.    See  Cloyne. 
Cluana-an-Dobhair,  tituation  of,  Izii.  n. 
Cnamhchoili  (now  Clechchoill,  or  Cleigh- 

ile),  75.  87 ;  situation  of,  czvii.  n. '. 

cxrrii.  n.  '. 
Cnoe-an-Bebbraidh,    89;     situation   oţ 

cxxix.  n.  3. 
Cnoc-Bamhra,  sonth  of  Malla  (Mallow), 

on  the  road  to  Cork,  cxxxtUî.  n.  s. 
Codlaighe  [read  Cuailgne],  situation  of^ 

xcix.  n. 
Cogadh  Gaedhil  xe  Gallaibh,  MSS.  of, 

nsed  in  this  edition,  iz.-XTiii. ;  known 

to  TariouB  vriters,    xiz.-xxi.   zxii.  ; 

author  and  age  of  work,  xix. ;  Colgan's 

acconnt  of,  xxii. ;    Keating*s  accoont 

of,  i&. 
Cogarân,  Brian's  messenger,  sent  to  pro- 

claim   war    against    MoUoj,    cxxxvi. 

cxxxrii.  103;  poeticalinstmctionsgiyen 

to  faim,  ib. ;  slain  by  Maelmordha,  K.  of 

Leînster,  clxir.  145. 
Coill  Comair  bnmed  by  Brian,  cxlvii.  117. 
Coins,  Hibemo-Danisht  Lindsay  on,  265 ; 

of  lyar  Beinlaos,  270;  of  Olaf  Cuaran, 

287 ;  of  Sitric  Olafson,  290 ;  of  Each- 

marcach,  291. 
Coin^Bliabh  (Cnrlew  Monntains),  clviL 

n«'.  135.         » 
Colgan,  bit  acconnt  of  the  Cogadh  Gaedhil 

re  Gallaibh,  xxiL 
Colla»  t.  of  Barith,  273. 
Cohnan  (St.),  s.  of  Lenio,  hU  alleged  pn>- 


phecy  of  the  sapremac^  of  ^®  ^^' 

cais,  cxxtL  n.*.  85. 
Colman  mor,  ancestor  of  the  Clann  Col- 

mâin,  xx.  246. 
Colman^  Well,  co.  Limerick.  See  Clnaio- 

Comardha. 
Colphinn  (Kolbein),  sUun,  Ixxiii.  Ixxxvii. 

25.  33.  231. 
Columb,  B.  of  Ciaragân,  successor  of  St. 

Barri,  cxxix.  n.  i.  89.  91.  93. 
Columb-cille,  bis  prophecy  of  the  nsnrp- 

ation   of  the  Danes,  xlriii.  11.   225; 

shrine  and  relics  of,  remoyed  for  safety 

to  Ireland,  Ixxxiii. 
Colum  mac  Crimhthann,  comarbof,  19. 

Ixi.    See  Mac  Crimthan. 
Comanns,  the  three,  where,  zc.  n.  dxii. 

n,«.  143. 
Combit/  (Combil)  a  rijn,  edge,  or  border, 

civ.  n. 
Comharba,  an  heir  or  successor,  9,  n.  ^K 

88,  n. 
Comhgall,  of  Bangor,  xxxyîii.  n.  7.  323. 
Commar,  Cumar,  or  Comar,  signifies  a 

meeting  of  riyers,  Ixix.  n. 
Conaille  Muirtheimhne,  situation  of,  liy. 

n.  ^.  xcyiii.  n.  '.  290,  n.  > ;  foreigners 

defeated  by,    Ixxyi.  n.^     See  Magh 

Conaille. 
Conaing,  s.  of  Brian's  brother  Bonncuan, 

clxiii.  144,  n.  i.  145.  cxxxyii.  n.  K  105. 

clxxii.  n.  ^.  clxxyi.  n.  K  167 ;   combat 

of,  with  Maelmordha,  dxxxi.  185 ;  slain 

at  Clontarf,  cxci.  n.  209. 
Conaing,  s.    of  Flann  Sionna,   heir  of 

Ireland,  slain,  xci.  n. '.  37. 
Conaing  (O'Carroll),  erenach  of  Glenda- 

loch,  clxiii.  n.'.  144,  n,K 
Conall   Cemach,   187;  bis  history  and 

pedigree,  clxxxii.  n.  •. 
Conall  Corc,  progenitor  of  the  Soghan- 

acht  of  Loch  Lein,  xxxyi.  n. '. 
Conamhal,   or   Conmael,   son  of  Gille, 

slain,  c.  47.  « 

Conang  (K.  of  Bregh  Magh),  §.  of.    See 

Flann. 
ConT>eifi'6  "rested  at  Tara,"  what  im- 

plied  in  this  phrate,  zIt.  n. 


su 


IKDEX. 


Concbobhar,  ■.  of  Congaloch,  ancestor  of 

O'Connor  Faly,  clziii  n.  K 
ConchobhaTi  i.  of  Donnchadh,  K.  of  Ire- 

land,  5 ;  aided  Feidhliinidh  in  plunder  of 

Meath,    zIyU.  n.;  held  a    conferenoe 

ivith  him  at  Birr»  ib, ;  plunden  Eoghan, 

Abbot  of  Armagbt  xlTit 
Concbobhar,   8.   of  Donnchadh,  heir  of 

Temhair,  drowned  hy  Amlaibh,  Ixz. 

n.'.23.  37.280. 
Concbobhar,  i.  of  Finn,  hit  pedigreei 

clziii.  n.  ^ 
Concbobhar,  8.  of  Maelsecblainn  L,  heir 

of  Tara,  slain  at  Eihnaabogne,  xci.  n.  >. 

36,  n.  37.  246. 
Concbobhar,  b.  of  Maelsechbunn  II.,  by 

Oormflaith,  cxlTiii.  n. ' ;  alays  Bnadhii, 

E.  of  Ui  Brinin,  czIL  n. '. 
Concbobhar,  s.  of  jTadg,  K.  of  Connangfat, 

gains  the  battle  of  Cell-ua-nDaighre 

(KiUineer),  IxzxTiiL  88. 
Congal  Claen,  hit  battle  fory,  cbuodii. 

n.i. 
Congalttch,  a.  of  Cele,  E.  of  Ua  Mic  Uaif, 

slain,  zcL  n. '.  37. 
Congalach,  i.  of  Domhnall  (grandaon  of 

Congalach,  K.  of  Ireland),  slain,  zdz. 

45.  246. 
Congalach,  8.  of  Drexnan,E.  of  Crimhtiuum, 

8lain,  zdu  n.  *.  36,  n.  >.  37. 
Congalach,  s.  of  Flann,  K.  of  Lege  and 

Bechet,  8lain,  c  n.  K  47. 
Congalach,  son  of^  alain,  c  n.  *.  47. 
Congalach,  a.  of  Maefaniihigh,  K.  of  Ire- 
land, 5. 242. 246 ;  asaisted  bj  the  Danes, 

zctI.  n.  B ;  Blain,  zcrii.  45. 
Congalach,  a.  of  Lachtaa,  K.  of  Cia^ 

raighe,  defeats  the  Danes,  IzzzviL  83. 
Conligan,  s.   of  Maelcroo,  defeats  the 

Danes,  IzzzviL  33. 
Conmac,  a.  of  Fergns  Bogins,  deseendanti 

of,  ciz.  n.  *. 
X^mmael,  or  Conanhal,  son  of  QiUe^  slain, 

c  47.     • 
Conmael,  Qrodir^s  moUier's  son,  165;  not 

the  same  as  Ospak,  dzziii.  n.  •.  dzziT. 
Conmaione,  Umee  tribea  of;  W.  of  the 

Shannon,  dz.  n,  '• 


ConmaicDe-Cnile  tola,  dz.  n.  '• 
Conmaicne  Dnn-mor,  dz.  n.  k 
Conmaicne-mara  (now  Comwfnaraji  ciz. 

n.«. 
Conmaicne-Mnigbe-Bdn,  King  ei,  157; 

eztent   of;  dzzii.  n. ' ;   sitoatum  oC 

dzzrii  n.  ';   troopa  ot,   aniEerad  at 

Clontarf,  dzziz.  n.  K  177. 
Connangbt,     oppressed    bj    Tnrgesna, 

zliz.  13.  25.  27.  226;  plnndered.  39; 

the  seren  battalioos  of,  czîii.  n.  67 ; 

the  three  battalions  of,  czir.  n.  >.  67 ; 

tripartite  dirision  of,  cziz.  n.*;  bat- 

talion  of,   at   Clontarf,   dzzfL   169; 

defeat  the  Danes  of  Dublin  al  Clon- 
tarf, dzzzi.  185;  the  kings  oi;  claim 

a  right  to  the  throne  of  Irelaxid,  czcriîL 
Connello,  Upper  aod  Lower,  oo*  lime- 

rick.    See  Ui  Conaill  Qabhza. 
Connemara.    See  Conmaicne-mara. 
Connla,  "  Ossorioram  sator,**  263. 
Conry,  Eer.    John,  a  corajuler  of  the 

Dublin  Annals  of  Inisfalkn,  dzzzH. 

n.>. 
Constantine,  s.  of  Cinaetii,  K.  of  Scol- 

land,  slain,  Izzr.  27.  232. 
Constitntum,  Irîsh,  changea  o(  after  tlie 

battle  of  Clontarf;  cxcrii. 
Contests  among  the  dergy  (9th  cent.), 

zlFi. 
Cooley  Moontains.    See  Cuailgne. 
Coţuxctif,  alliance,  132. 
Coradh-Fine  (Cordin),  co.  Oare,  şest  of 

the  fiunily  of  O'Qmn,  dzzri.  xu  \ 
Corann,  eztent  of,  zz. 
Corc,  s.  of  Anlnan,  the  llrst  man  of  the 

Dai  Cais  who  ronted  the  Fofdgners, 

ozir.  czv.;  fought  dght  battles,  67*; 

Scaadinayians  in  Ireland  in  his  timc^ 

zzziiL  n.';  his  name  nsed  to  sigoify 

Monster,  125,  n.«. 
Corc,  son  of  Cas,  67 ;  an  emv  in  the 

tezt,  66,  n.  u ;  Cote,  s.  of  Anlnan,  ia- 

tended,  zzziiL  n.  ciSt.  n.  K  67.  n. 
CoroarAdhamh  (tenitoiy  of  O'MnmjX 

now  in  the  baron  j  of  Maghendemon, 

ca  Westmeaih,  czIt.  n.\ 
CQrc»*bhaîadim  (oo.  Clan),  Izzrii.  ^  n. 


r 


INDEX. 


315 


29i  plundered,  xll.  9.  224;  extent  of 
district,  zii  n.  *.  8ee  Damhnall,  ■.  of 
Diarmaid. 

Gorcach  (now  Cork),  plandered,  5. 19.  25. 
222.  229;  occupied  by  Danes,  Ixzxr. 
31.  234. 

Corcaduiblme  (now  Corkaguiny),  28.  b. 

Corca-Laighe,  19;  titiiatioii  and  eztent 
of,  Iz.  n.    See  Clochna. 

Corca-Mogha.    See  Ui  Diarmada. 

Corcobhaiacinn.    See  Corcabhaîtţdnn. 

Corcoduibhne.    See  CorcaduihhDeL 

Corc'8  Brugh  (a  name  of  Caahel),  cliL 
n.^  124.  n. 

Corcmnraadh  (Coroomtoe,  oo.  Claie), 
IzxY.  27.  232. 

Cork.    See  Corcach. 

Corkaguiny,    See  Corcadaiblme. 

Cormac  Cas,  i.  of  OiliolL  Olum,  anceator 
of  the  Dai  Cais,  cri.  85. 

Cormac,  grandson  of  just  Comi,  cUi.  n.  •. 
125.    See  Cormac  Mac  Airt 

Cormac  Oalenga,  whj  so  called,  f^xv,  n.  •. 

Cormac  Mac  Airt,  graudson  of  Comi  of 
the  liundred  battles,  dii  n. '.  125. 

Cormac  Blac  Cuillenain,  Kîng  and  Bishop, 
Izzrii  n. '.  czc.  n.  >.  3 ;  state  of  peace 
in  his  reign,  IzztIL  n. ;  his  pedigree, 
cviii.  n. ';  his  death,  ib.;  ttmy  of  his 
favonr  to  the  Dal-Cais,  t&. ;  his  poem 
on  the  rights  of  the  race  of  Lnghaidh 
Menn,  criiL  65 ;  said  to  have  designa- 
ted  Lorcan  mac  Tiachtna  as  his  soc- 
cessor,  cziii.  n. 

Cormac*s  glossary,  zzix. 

Cormac,  s.  of  Selbach,  an  anchorite^  slain, 
liz.  Iz.  17.  228. 

Com-Bretan  (Cornwall),  two  baions  fhmit 
join  against  Brian,  dzyiii.  n.'.  163. 

Com-da-bliteoc,  or  Comabliteoc,  the 
name  of  aman,  dzriii.  n.M53. 173. 183; 
in  another  readlng  the  nanie  of  a  oonn- 
tzy,  dzTiii  n.  K  153,  n.  "  •  his  combat 
withDnnlang  O'Hartigan,  cIzxTliL  n.^ 
183;  probably  flctitioas,  dzzz.;  comes 
irom  Si.  David's  to  oppose  Brian,  clzYiii. 
n.i.  158. 

ComwalL    See  Com-Bretan. 


Cofonţi,  a  feast  (if  fbr  cofgotfii  haToc, 

slaughter),  259.  n. 
Cossa-Narra,   his  aniral  with  Haoonn, 

Izzyii.  27.  293 ;  they  seim  Waterford, 

t6. ;  twice  defeated  by  the  Ciarraighe, 

27.  28. 
Cracabam  (see  Gragaban),  not  the  name 

of  a  place,  but  of  a  man,  Izzzri  n. 
Craebh-Tulcha,  battle  of;  dri  185;  iti 

date,  clyi.  n.*;  where,  dri.  n.S;  Brian 

suppUed  with  provisions  there^  dvlii. 

137. 
Craig  Liath,  now  Carrick  Lea,  where, 

czL  n. '.  63 ;  residence  of  the  fairy  Aibb- 

111,  dzzzTlii.  201. 
Crannoges  (the  Swiss  Pfahlbauten),  deri- 

yation  of  the  name,  clz.  n.  *. 
Credan  Uead,  27.  n.  >'. 
Cfieib,  a  gadfly,  256.  n.  ^ 
Cremome    (antiently   Mughdhom    and 

Crioch  Mughdhom),  xd.  n.9. 
Crimhthann  (now  the  bar.  of  Skne)>  co. 

Meath,  zd.  n. '. 
Crioch  Mughdhom.    See  Cremome. 
Cruisloe,  shaft  of  a  cross,  said  to  mark 

the  grave  of  Harold,  s.  of  Olaf  Cuaian, 

ai  Glenmama,  cxItL  n. 
Cryhelpe,  or  Crehelp,  czIt.  n. 
Cuailgne  (the  Cooley  Mountains,  oo.  of 

Louth),  Ut.  zdz.  n. 
Cuallaid,  s.  of  iTar,  grandson  of  Irar  of 

limerick,  275;  called  Olaf,  ib.;  pro- 

bably  the   same  as  Ccnncairech,  ih,s 

arriyes  ai  Limerick,  49;  his  real  name 

probably  Amlaibh,  di.  dii.  n.  ^ ;  slain, 

CZZZY.  103. 

Cuandor  (now  Glandore),  **Cliodhna's 
rock,"  in  the  bay  of;  diz.  n.^  See 
Cliodhna. 

Chian  OXocham,  his  poem  on  the  rights 
of  the  Dal-Cais,  criii  55-57 ;  date  of 
his  murder,  cviii.  n. ' ;  hisfamily  chief- 
tains  of  Qalenga,  &;  his  pedigree,  c^x, 
n.  • 

Cuaran  (««sock"  or  ^^sandal"),  a  nick- 
name  of  Olaf;  K.  of  DuUin,  d.  n.^. 

Cu-certaigh,  meaning  of,  zzi.  n« 

CuduUigh,  I.  of  Cenneligh,  cbocri.  n.  > ; 


316 


IKDBX 


oue  of  Brian*f  re&r  guards,  167 ;  slain, 

czci.  n.  209. 
Caii  (or  Cill)-Emhni,  in  Munster,  pion* 

dered,  li.  15.  227. 
Cuilean,  s.  of  Echtighern,  siain  at  Gien- 

mama,  czlir.  111. 
CulcomeoDaise,  rear  gnards,  167.  n. 
Cumar.    See  Commar. 
Cumar-tri-nuisge,  Ixiz.  n. 
CumascAch,  Lord  of  Oirghialla,  slain  by 

Niall  CaiUe,  zlvii. ;  puts  Airtri  into  the 

Bishopric  of  Armagh,  zlvii. ;  slain,  ib, 
Cumhal,  afine  of  three  cows,  94,  n.  i.  106. 
Curlew  Monntains.    See  Colrr-Sliabh. 
Cymrjt    Foreignen     defeated  by  the, 

zzxiii 

Dachonna,  Bishop  of  Man,  shrine  of 
broken  by  "  Gentiles,"  zxxr. 

Baimhinis  (Devenish  island),  plundered 
by  Danes,  liz.  n.i.  17.  218. 

Baimhliac  Cianain  (Duleek,  co.  Touth), 
plundered,  zi.  7.  224.  Ixi.  n.s.  19; 
Brian'B  body  conveyed  to,  clzzziz.  203. 

Dainiliacc  (Stone-church),  of  Armagh, 
bumed,  zlr.  n. 

Daingen  or  Dingna,  40.  n. 

Daire-Disinrt-Dachonna,  Bănea  defeated 
at,lzviu.2l.  280. 

I)aire-m6r  (aow  Eilcolmain,  King^s  co.), 
plundered,  liz.  n.K  17.  22a. 

Dair-inis,  bumed,  zzzvL  5. 222 ;  sitnation 
of,  zzzyi.  n. ;  more  than  one  island  of 
the  name,  ib. 

Bal-Araidhe  (Dalaradia),  in  Antrim  and 
Down,  cMi.  n. '.  135;  not  to  be  con- 
fonnded  with  Dalriada,  clvii.  n.  K 

Dal-Caifl,  Borumha,  or  race  of  Cas  Mac 
Tail,  CTi.  53;  called  na  ceU,  "of  the 
churches,**  czzyilL  n.  i.  87 ;  prononnced 
Dal-Cawsh,  zyii.  n.  zt.  ;  councilof  war, 
held  by  chieftains  of,  75 ;  their  conntxy 
inyaded  by  the  Limerick  Danes,  czvi. 
71 ;  plonder  Limerick,  79;  their  priyi- 
leges,  cviL  55 ;  had  an  alternate  right 
to  Caaliel,  ib. ;  deicent  of,  Izri.  n. ;  de- 
featthe  Danet,  Ixri.  21.  229;  Dalcas- 
Bîan  families  named,  czzzrii.  xLh  105; 


position  of,  at  the  battle  of  dontttrff 
clzzv.  167 ;  their  conflict  with  the 
Danes  at  Clontarf,  clxxz.  179;  risible 
from  the  wallfl  of  Dublin,  ib,  181 ;  heroie 
conduct  of  their  woonded,  zciii.  czcr. 
215.217;  opposed  by  the  men  of  Osaory, 
on  their  retum  from  Clontarf.  czcît. 
215;  the  yalonr  of,  dzxii.;  panegyric 
on,  161 ;  their  arma  and  armoor,  161 ; 
Genealogical  Table  oţ  247.  SeeCUuisa 
Luigdech. 

Dalkey.    See  Delg-ei 

Dalriada  of  Ireland  (now  the  Bonte,  ia 
Antrim),  1.  13.  226 ;  inflections  of  the 
name^  13,  n.  u.  clrii.  n.'.  135;  in  Soot- 
land  (now  Argyle),  1.  n.  >. 

Damnonii,  a  tribe  of  Fir  Bolg,  first  inha- 
bltantB  of  Connanght,  czir.  n.  >• 

Danars  (black  Gentiles),  3.  19.  152.  n. ; 
the  Danes,  so  called,  zzz. ;  the  name 
used  to  signify  mffians,  robbers,  zzzL 
cxc.  n.  *. 

Danes,  inyade  Ireland,  date  of  first  inya- 
sion,  zzzL  5.  221 ;  duration  of  their 
tyranny,  3.  221 ;  prophecles  ot^  by  St 
Brecan,  9.  225;  by  Colum  Cille;,  11. 
225;  by  St.  Ciaran,  11 ;  and  bj  St. 
Bec  Mac  De,  11.  225;  ezpelled  Irom 
Dublin,  IzzzL  Izzzii.  S9;  defeat  the 
Cenel  Conaill,  47;  in  Mnnster,  op- 
pressed  by  Imar,  grandson  of  Imar, 
49;  forced  to  liberate  their  Irish  boa- 
tages,  ci.;  to  pay  a  fine  to  Iftalachy 
II.  cii. ;  their  defeat  by  the  Irish,  hm. 
21 ;  contend  with  the  Nonregîans,  in 
Ireland,  IziL  19.  229;  defeated  by  Nor. 
wegians,  Izyiii. ;  defeated  at  Snlchoit, 
czz.  77 ;  Danes  of  Dublin,  defeated  by 
Brian,  at  Qlenmama,  czliy.  1 1 1 ;  by  the 
Connaughtmen  at  Clontarf^  rfyrri  j^b; 
description  of  their  foroes  at  the  battle 
of  Clontarf,  159;  their  weapons,  ib,; 
disposition  of  their  forces,  oWy«î-  I63. 
gq.;  Norsemen  promise  Brian  to  qnit  Ire- 
land if  he  delayed  the  battle  of  Clantarf, 
dzziii  157 ;  their  pover  veekened  by 
Malachj  II.  after  Clontarţ  czcrii.;  total 
rout  of,  at  Clontarţ  cIzxxiy,  191 ;  their 


IKDEX. 


817 


■jmpathy  with  the  Anglo-Normans  in 

Irelaod,  cxcix;  Bishopric»  in  Ireland, 

founded  by,  cxcix. ;  Danes  of  Limerick 

inyade  Dal-Cais,  cxtî.  73 ;  of  Waterford, 

8laln  at  Clontarf,  cxci.  n.  207. 
Danmarcachs,  Danes  so  called,  5.  41,  n.  ' 
Danmarkians.    See  Danes. 
Dasentţ  Dr.,  his  error  as  to  date  of  battle 

of  Clontarf,  xxvL  n. ;  his  opinion  on  the 

result  of  the  battle,  as  topaganism,  cxcix. 
Dearbhforgaill    (or    Dervorgall),    "the 

Uelen  of  Irdand,"  her  descent  and  bis- 

tory,  cxcTiii.  n.  K 
Decies.    See  DeisL 
De  Clare  (Thomas),  cx.  n.  '. 
Degeneracy  of  modem  heroes  admitted, 

clxxxii  n.  *.  167;    curiona   nomerical 

estimate  of,  ib, 
Deilg-iniSjDowDalkejIsland.  SeeDelg-ei. 
Deirg-Dheirc  (now  Lough  Derg),  Lxvi. 

21 ;  plundered  by  Turgesius,  13.  226; 

Brian*8  fleet  on,  109. 
Deisi  Beg,  baronj  of  Smallcountj,  co. 

Limerick,  cxxxiiL  n.  >. 
Deisi    Bregb,  their  territory  in  Meath, 

Ixx.  n. ;  oYerthrown  by  Amlaibh,  Ixx. 

23.  230. 
Deisi  (dow  Decies,  co.  Waterford),  Ixxiii. 

167;   raraged  by  the  Danes,  Ixxiv.; 

reduced  by  Brian,  cxxxix.  107 ;  Mothla, 

I.  of  Faelan,  K.  of,  slain,  cxci.  n.  73. 

209;  (sonthein),  plundered  by  Dublin 

Danes,  25.  232. 
Delbhna  (Delvin),  fire  or  seren  districts 

80  called,  cxvii.  n.  *,  75.  247. 
Delbhna-mor   (now  Delvin,    co.   West- 

mcatb),  cxxiii.  n.  K 
Delga  (Kildalkey),  Ixxviii.  28,  n.  29.  233. 
Delgany,  co.  of  Wlcklow.    See  Dergne 

Mogorog. 
Delg-ci,  or  Dalk-ei,  Danish  name  of  Deilg- 

inis,  or  Dalkey  Island,  284. 
DeWin.    See  Delbhna. 
Deochan,  s.  of  Domhnall,  E^  of  Cianachta, 

slain,  xci.  n.  >.  37. 
Dergne  Mogorog  (now  Delgany,  co.  of 

Wicklow),  Sitric  and  the  Dublin  Danes, 

defeated  at,  289. 


Dermody.    See  Ui  Diarmada. 
DenrorgEdl.    See  Dearbhforgaill. 
Desmond  (Desmumba),  the  cbieftains  ot, 

not  all  slain  at  Clontarf,  clxxTiii.  n.  ^ ; 

daimthe  soyereigntyof  Munster,  cxcii. 

213;  adyance   against   the  Dal-Cais, 

cxciii.  213,  but  retire  intimidated,  i6- ; 

the  battalionof,  at  Clontarf,  dxxTiii  169. 
Derenish.    See  Daimhinis. 
Diarmaid  (s.  of  Donnchadh,  called  Mael- 

nambo),  K.  of  Leinster,  plunders  Fine- 

gallt  and  becomes  K.  of  Dublin,  291 ; 

plunders  Waterford,  296. 
Diarmaid  Mac  Murchadha  elopes  with 

DearbbforguU,  cxcriii.  n.  i;  ancestor 

of  tbe  Mac  Murrougbs  of  Leinster,  and 

of  the  families  of  Kavanagh  and  Kinn- 

sela,  ib, 
Diarmait,  s.  of  Ederscel,  K.  of  LochGabhor 

(Lagore),  slain,  Ixxxviii  n.  '.  33. 
Diarmait-na-nGall,  Dermod  Mac  Mur- 

rogh,  so  called,  ix.  n. 
"Oiainiefiţ  indescribable,  82,  n. 
Diman  of  Arad,  death  of,  its  date,  xxxyIL 

5.  222. 
Diman,  or  Duman,  s.  of  Cerballan,  slain, 

xci.  n.  s.  37. 
Dlngna.    See  Daingen. 
Dinn-Biogh,    now   Ballyknockan  Moat, 

situatlon  of,  cxl.  n.  K 
Disert  Domhain  (or  Donnain),  plundered, 

Ixi.  n.  17.  228. 
Disert  Tipraite,  plundered,  xxxix.  7.  223. 
Disputes,  among  Irish  cbieftains  in  ninth 

century,  xliv. ;   among  the  clergy  of 

Ireland,  xWi. ;  may  have  suggested  to 

Turgesius  their  expulsion  from  Armagh, 

xIyH. 
Domhnall  Caemhaşach  (s.  of  Diarmaid 

Mac  Murchadha),  ancestor  of  the  fîunily 

of  KaTanagh,  cxctIU.  n.  i. 
Domhnall  Claon,  K.  of  Leinster,  set  at 

liberty,  ci.  cil  n.  *.  47;    submits  to 

Brian,  cxli.  107. 
Domhnall,  grandson  of  Concannon,  chief  of 

Ui  Diarmada,  clxxvi.  n.  <.  169. 
Domhnall,  s.  of  Donchadh,  grandson  of 

Malachy  II.,  slain,  cUy.  149. 


318 


INDEX. 


BomhnaU,  grancUon  of  Niall  Glundubh,  S. 

125. 
Domhnall,  s.  of  Cenn&eladh,  E.  of  Ui 

Cairbre,  224. 
Bomhnall,  a.  of  K.  Congalach,  găina  the 

battle  of  Cill-Mona,  xcriii.;  in  league 

with  the  Danes  of  Dnblin,  ib, 
Domhnall,  8.  of  Diarmaid,  E.  of  Coroo- 
'  bhaiscinn,  clxxri.  n.  K  167 ;  slain,  czci. 

n.  209. 
Domhnall,  8.  of  Donnehadh,  hdr  of  Cashel, 

slain,  Izxxir.  n.  *.  31.  234. 
Domhnall,  s.  of  Dabhdabhoirenn,  reftiBes 

to  support  Cian,  czciil. ;  demands  half 

Mnnflter  from  him,  cxciii.  215;  slain, 

eKCÎT. 

Domhnall,  8.  of  Emhin,  Steward  of  Marr 
in  Scotland,  clxxviii  dzzix.  171 ;  his 
desoent,  dxzTiii.  n.  * ;  slain,  cxd.  n.  21 1. 

Domhnall,  8.  of  Faelăn,  of  Fort  Lairge, 
banished  by  Brian,  107. 

Domhnall,  b.  of  Fergal,  chief  of  Fortuatha 
Laighen,  clxziF.  n.  ^ ;  alaio,  czci.  n.  209. 

Domhnall,  b.  of  Mnirchertach  (leather 
doaks),  K.  of  Ireland,  245 ;  defeated  at 
Cill-mona,  zcviii.  45. 

Domhnall  Mac  Raghallach,  *>1^*<*  n.  177 ; 
Blain,  clxzii.  n.  *.  157. 

Domnach-Patraic  (in  Meath),  plnndexed 
bj  foreigners,  Izxri.  n.  *. 

Donaskeagh.    See  Dnn-na-Sciath. 

Donegal  (Don-na^nGall),  oopy  of  Danish 
Wars  iranscribed  in  conyent  of,  zir.  zy. 

Donemuth,  now  Wearmonth,  zzzir.  n. 

Donnabhain,  Lord  of  Hy-Eidhgente.  See 
DonoTan. 

Donnehadh,  s.  of  Amalgaidh,  chief  of 
Eoghanacht-Ua-nEochaidh,  slain.  Iz. 
19.  I 

Donnehadh,  i.  of  Brian,  by  Gormflaith, 
probably  iUegitimate,  clii.  n. ;  aent  to 
plnnder  Leinster,  clzzi.  155 ;  retumi  to 
Dnblin  after  the  battle  of  Clontarf, 
czcii.  211 ;  refuaes  Sitric  a  share  of  bis 
booty,  t^.;  prophecy  of  his  succession 
to  bis  father  Brian,  clzzzviii.  n. ».  201 ; 
appointed  to  diacharge  the  bequeata  of 
Brian,  clzxzTiii  201 ;  refoaea  hoetagea 


to  Cian,  K.  of  Deamond,  czdiL  213; 
and  to  Donnehadh,  a.  of  GiUapatriclr, 
CZCT.  217. 

Donnehadh,  a.  of  CeUach  [read  CeHachan], 
E.  of  Munater,  6. 

Donnehadh,  a.  of  CeOachan,  E.  of  Him- 
ater,  ezvi.  n.*.  71;  nerer  really  kiog; 
239,  240. 

Donnfehadh,  a.  of  Domhnall  Claon,  K. 
of  Leinater,  captnred  by  Madmoaiiha, 
czliz.n.^;  dethronedbyBxiaii,  tomak» 
way  for  ICaelmordha,  czliz.  119. 

Donnehadh,  a.  of  Domhnall,  E.  of  Ixe- 
land ;  the  Iriah  and  Scotch  ialanda  phm- 
dered  in  hia  reign,  zzzr. 

Donnehadh,  a.  of  Dnbhdabhoixenn,  K.  of 
Mnnater,  8 ;  alatn,  IxzYÎiL  n.  K  99. 88S. 

Donnehadh,  grandaon  of  ErolUi,  or  Smlf^ 
clzzir.  166. 

Donnehadh,  a.  of  Flann  Sionna,  E.  of  Ire- 
land, 6.  246;  găina  the  battle  of  Tigh- 
mic-Deicthigh,  37. 

Donnehadh  Mac  Gillapatraic.  E.  of  Ot- 
aory,  oppoaea  the  retom  of  tbe  Dai- 
Caia  firom  Clontarţ  czdr.  215;  hiafead 
with  the  aona  of  Brian,  czcIt.  217; 
claima  the  crown  of  Mnnater,  czcr.  217. 

Donnehadh,  a.  of  Maeldnin,  Abbot  of  EH- 
dalky,  alain,  Izzriii.  29.  233. 

Donnehadh  (or  Dnnadhach),  a.  of  Scan- 
lann,  E.  of  Ui-Conaill  Oabbra,  zH.  8» 
n.«.  9.  224.  249.  Ko.  (20);  defiesU  tbe 
forelgnera,  zlir.  n.  K 

Donnenan,  a.  of  Madbnmie,  E.  of  (Hr- 
ghiall,  alain,  zcriii.  n.  *.  45. 

Donnflaith,  mother  of  Malachy  n.,  whe- 
ther  danr.  or  granddanr.  of  Mnircber- 
tach  (leather  doaka),  clii.  n.  *;  maniea 
Olaf  Cnaran,  czlriii.  n.  *. 

Donn'a  Honae.    See  Tech  Dninn. 

Donoran,  a.  of  Cathal,  lord  of  Hy  Figheinle 
and  Hy  Cairbre,  oonepirea  with  Mad- 
mhuadh  of  Deamond  againat  the  Dal> 
Caia,  exTli.  75.  85 ;  hia  danr.  married  to 
Irar,  E.  of  Waterford,czzTi  n.  K  «^^^yi-r- 
n.  ^ ;  givea  hostagea  to  Mahonn,  czzir. 
63 ;  hia  treachery  againat  Mahoiui,czzT. 
czzvL  65-67;  inritee  Haxold|  Daniah 


IKD£X. 


319 


K.  of  Muniter^to  his  honae,  cxxxri  103 ; 

slaia  by  Brian,  c.  cxzztI.  103. 
Bouglas  River,  tiibutaiy  to  the  Barrow, 

dzir.  n.  h 
Downpatrick.    See  Dnnlethglas. 
Dnughnen  (Drinan,  co.  Dublin),  batUeof, 

dzvL  n.  K  140,  n.  u. 
Drinan,  ca  DabUxL    See  Draighnen. 
DrobhaÎB  (now  Drowia),  a  river  in  Con- 

nanght,  clvii.  n. '.  135. 
Drom-choU-coill,  the  ancient  name  of  the 

8ite  of  Dublin  Castle,  clxxxrii.  n.  K 
Drontheim,  Cfariatianiţy  how  establiahed 

in,  CC.  n. 
Drowis.    See  Drobhals. 
Dniida  of  Fergna,  a.  of  FergnSţ  ceremonj 

practiaed  bj,  cxzii  n.  *. 
Druim-Cheatt,  conyentioo  of,  eatabliahes 

independence  of  the  Scotch  Dalriada,  L 
"Otitune,  "  embroidered,"  cili  n.  *, 
Duach,  E.  of  Ui  Fiachrach  Aidhne,  alain, 

zciy.  n.  K  39. 
Dubh  (now  the  Duff),  a  riyer  in  Ckm- 

naught,  drii.  n. '.  135. 
Dubhcenn  ("Black  head**),  §.  of  Irar, 

arriTes  at  Limerick,  di.  ciii.  n.  K  49. 

275;  coQipires  against  Mahoun,  cxzy. 

87 ;  ilain,  cxxsr.  103. 
Dubhcobhlaigh  (daur.  of  Cathal  0*Gon- 

chobhar,  E.  of  Connaught),  a  wife  of 

Brian,  cbdL  n. 
Dubhdabhoirenn,  s.  of  Domhnall,  E.  of 

Munster,  3 ;  alain,  cxcL  n.  209 ;  a.  oţ 

cxciil.  215. 
Dubhdaldthe,  Abbot  of  Armagh,  dzzzix. 

n.i. 
Dubhgaill  (Black  Gentilee),  arriTal  of,  at 

Dublin,  IziL  Izxyiii.  n. '.  19.  229. 
Dubhgall,  existing  family  namea  derired 

from,  dzzxL  n.  •• 
Dubhgall,   a.  of  Amlaff,   a.   of  Sitric, 

commanda  at  Clontarf,  clzzir.  n.  *.  165; 

alain,  cxd.  n.  207.  278.  291.  No.  (28). 
DubhgaU*8  Bridge,  in  DubUn,  the  Danea 

alaughtered  at,  cbcxxL  165. 191 ;  aitua* 

tion  of,  clzzxi.  n.  •. 
Dubbgenn,  the  blind  bard*a  fziendahipfioir, 

Gzzxir.  n.  K  99. 


Dubhlachtna,  a.  of  Maelgnala,  E.M.  8. 

Dubhlinn  of  Athcliath  (now  Dublin), 
meaning  of  the  name,  zlix.  n. ' ;  arrival 
of  Fordgnera  at,  lyiii.  17.  228;  aizty- 
flye  ahipa  amye  at,  zlix.  13.  226; 
aons  of  lyar  at,  29.  233 ;  founded  aa  a 
trading  atation  by  **White  Gentilea," 
Ixxyiii. ;  flrat  taking  of,  ib.  n. '.  1.  n. ; 
Sitric  and  the  Clann  lyar  fordbly  land 
at,  XC  35;  unknown  to  the  Engliah 
hiatoriana  in  the  tenth  century,  Ixxx. 
n.  *;  plundered  by  Dubhgaill,  Ixii. ; 
Daniah  kinga  oţ  alao  kinga  of  North- 
umbria,  Iv.  n.a;  Mr.  Haliday  ou  the 
andent  name  of,  dxTxi.  n.  *.  dxxzyii. 
n.  ^;  taken  by  01af,or  Amlaff,  Ixx.  n.  i; 
battleof(atEilma8hogne),E.NiallGlun- 
dubh  alain  there,  xc.  35 ;  tweWe  kinga 
ahiin  with  him,  zd.;  liatof  them,  xci.  n. 
37 ;  fleet  of,  and  sona  of  lyar,  gain  the 
battle  of  Muine  Broccain,  xcyi.  43 ;  dia- 
aenaiona  among  the  fordgnera  of,  Ixxxii; 
the  Danea  expelled  from,  i&.;  Hy  lyar 
of,  29. 35.  276.  «9.;  their  genealogy,  276; 
GothfrithorGrodfrey  becomea  E.  of,  zeii. 
n. ;  taken  by  Brian,  cxly.  1J3;  poeţi- 
cal  cdebration  of  the  yictory,  113;  be- 
aieged  by  Brian,  clzyii.  151;  apoiUi 
taken  there  by  Brian,  cxItI.  115;  be- 
neged  by  Maelaechlainn  II.,  d. ;  bumt 
by  him  in  1015,  cxcri. ;  ita  biahopric 
founded  by  the  Danea,  cxdx.;  muster 
of  forelgnera  at,  preparatoiy  to  Clon- 
tarf; dxx. ;  the  battle  of  Clontarf  aeen 
from  the  walla  of  Dublin,  clxzzilL  191 ; 
the  Danea  of,  defeated  by  the  Con- 
naughtmen  at  Clontarţ  dzxxL  185 ;  2,000 
Danea  alain  at  Clontarf,  cxd.  n.  207. 

Dubnonaig,  dark  moon,  ue.  midnlght, 
114. 

Duff.    See  Dubh. 

Duharra*    See  Aradh-tire. 

Duibhgelnti  Danara.  See  Bladc-Gtentilea. 

Dulane.    See  Tuilen. 

Duleek.    See  Daimhliac  Clanain. 

Duman.    See  Diman. 

Dân,  meaning  of  the  word,  40,  n.;  many 
built  by  the  fordgnera,  41. 


320 


IXDEX. 


Dunadhach.  See  Donnchadh,  a.  of  Scann- 

.  lan. 

BuD-Aine-Cltach.    See  Dun-Cliath. 

Dunamase.    See  Don  Mase. 

Bonboyke,  czlv.  n. 

Dtm-Cliathfortified  bj  Briaii,clx.  n.  K 141. 

Dun-Crot  (or   Dun-Grot),   fortifîed    by 

Brian,  clx.  n.  i.  141. 
Dun-Cuirc  (Fort  of  Corc),  71 ;  whence  the 

name,  cxyi.  n.  \ 
Bundalk.    See  Dundealgan. 
Dandealgan  (Dondalk).  Brian  meets  the 

northem  chieftains  at,  cir.  133.  135. 
Dunderrouighe   (nov  Diinderrow),    de- 

molished,  2cxxix.  7.  223. 
Dun-Eochair-Maîge  (Bmree?),  fortified 

hy  Brian,  clx.  n.  i.  14  J. 
D6n-Fain.Conrach.    See  Fan.Conrach. 
Dan-Gaifi,  probable  site  of,  cxzxiy.  n. '. 

97. 
Dunlaing  of  the  liffey,  beheaded  bj  Fer- 

gal  O'Kourke  at  Clontarf,  xviii. 
Dunlaing,  s.  of  Tuathal,  K.  of  W.  Lif^, 

ancestor  of  OToole,  of  Leinster,  clxiy. 

n.h  clxxiy.  n,*,  165.  clxzix.  n.  K  177 ; 

slain,  cxci.  n.  209. 
Donlang  O'Hartigan.    See  0*Hartigan. 
Dania  vin.    See  Don-Liamhna. 
Danleer.    See  Lann  Leri. 
Dunlethglas  (now   Downpatrick),  royal 

paldce  of  East  Uladhf  czlyiii.  n.  '. 
Don-Liamhna  (nowDunlayin))Glen-mama 

in  its  neighbourhoodf  cxliy.  n. '. 
Dun-MaeL    See  Dan-Maeltuli. 
Dun-Maeltoli  or  (Dun  Mael),  Danet  de- 

feated  at,  Ixyiii  21.  230;  probably  in 

Tipperary,  IxTiii.  n. 
Dnn-Main  (in  Kerry),  demolished,  and 

Danes  slaughtered  at,  Izxzyii  33 ;  date 

of  this  yictory,  Ixxxvii. 
Dun-Masc  (now  Donamase,  Queen'i  co.), 

demolished,  Ixi.  n.  *.  Ixii.  n.  19. 
Dun-Medhoin,  25.  23]. 
Dun-na-nGall.    See  Donegal. 
Dan-na-Sdath   (now  Donaskeagh),  71 ; 

situation  of,  cxyi.  n.  ^;    residence  of 

Malachy  II,  ci.  n.  K 
Dunnchadh,  i.  of  Brian.    8ee  Donnchadh. 


Durmhagh  (Dorrow,  Eing's  co.),  plan- 

dered,  xly.  lix.  n.  K  17.  223. 
Durrow.    See  Durmhagh. 
DyfSin,  Danish  name  of  Dublin,  Ixzx.  xl  *. 

Eachmarcach,  E.  of  Dublin,  291. 
Earthquake  in  Scotland,  IxxyL  27.  232. 
Eaft-Aedha-Ruaidh  (Assaroe),  the  nlmon 

leap  on  Riyer  Eme,  dyii.  n.  '.  135. 
Eas-Ruadh  (Assaroe,   co.    of  Donegal), 

Danes  defeatedat,  IxyL  21.  229. 
Oacaţi,  a  boat,  cxli.  n.  •• 
Ebric,  or  Elbric,  described  as  a.  of  the  K. 

of  France,  clxyiii.  n.K  153;  as  s.   of 

the  K.  of  Lochlann,  clxyiii.  n.  K  cbudr. 

n.  K  165.  194.  n. ';  giyes  Murchadh  a 

mortal  wound,  clxxxy.   195.  260;  bat 

is  himself  beheaded,  dxxxyi.  197.  260« 
£cgferth*8  Monastery,  at  Donemuth,  plan- 

dered  by  heathens,  xxxiy.  n. 
Echti.    See  Sliabh  mEchte,  61.  65. 
Eda.    See  Etla  Tretill. 
Edar,  a  chieftainbefore  the  Christian  erOt 

clxxi.  n.  \ 
Edar,  or  Benn  Edair  (Howth),  clxxL  clxTif. 
Edgall,  or  Etgall,  of  SkeUig  Michil,  cazried 

off  by  pirates,  xxxviii.  7.  222. 
Edna(Eithne),  daur.  of  Cearbhall,  mother 

of  Earl  Sigurd,  dxxxy.  n.  K  302.  No. 

(13). 
Edonn,  Eodunn  (Audunn),  a  chieftain 

slain  by  Brian,  cxli.  n.  65. 
Eidhin,  ancestor  of  the  family  of  Ua 

h-Eidhin,  or  0*H^yne,  dxxn.  n.  K 
Eirekr.    See  Iercne. 
Eithne.    See  Edna. 

Elair,  s.  of  Barith,  273 ;  slain,  IxzyL  n.  '. 
Elbric,  8.  of  the  K.  of  Lochlann.    Sea 

Ebric. 
Elgim  (Helgi),  a  chieftain  slain  by  Brian, 

cxii.  n.  65. 
EUus,  a  chieftain  slain  by  Brian,  cxii.  n. 

65. 
Ella,  "an  Irish  regulus."    See  Hella. 
EUa,  K.  of  Northumbria,  slain,  Ixxx. 
Emly.    See  Imleach  Ibhair. 
dnechlonn,  tnx  paid  to  a  chieftain  ftr 

his  protection,  206,  n.  i. 


INDEX. 


321 


EnDa  Ceinnselach  (progenitor  of  the  Ui 

Ceinoselaigh),  his  descendants,  cxcviii. 

n.  ^.    See  Ui  Ceinnselaigh. 
Enski,  or  the  English ;  see  Gormo  Enski. 
Eoan-Barun  (John  the  Baron?),  aDanish 

leador,  xcr.  n.i.  41. 
Eochaldh,  s.  of  Cas,  ancestor  of  the  Ui 

Eachach  of  Munster,  cxciii.  n.^ 
Eochaiilh,  s.  of  Dunadach,  chiefof  Clann 

Scaunlain,  clxxvi.  n.  ^.  167  ;  slain»  czci. 

209. 
Eochaidh,  K.  of  Euit  Uladh,  cli.  n.  i.  123 ; 

refuees  to  receive  Sitric,  cxlviii.  119; 

hisdescent,  cxlyiii.  n.  s;  besiegesDuhlin 

wHh  Malachj  II.,  ci.;  slain^clvi.  135. 
Eoghabhail,  HiLl  of,  cxxviii.  n.  i.  87. 
Eoghan  Mainistrech,  Abbot  of  Armagh, 

xIyî.  ;    expulsion   and   restoration   of, 

IxYii. 
Eoghan  M6r,  ancestor  of  the  Eoghanacht 

tribes,  xxxvi.  n.',  cvii.  n.  i. 
Eoghan,  s.  of  Oengus.    See  Eoghanan. 
Eoghan  Taidhlech  [the  splendid],  sur- 

named  Mogh  Nuadhat,  x.  n. 
Eoghanacht,     descendants     of    Eoghan 

Mor,  their  country  now  Kerry,  cxv.; 

jointhe  Dai  Cais,  ib,  71. 
Eoghanacht  Aine,    sitnation  of,   cxxiii. 

n.3. 

Eoghanacht  of  Caahel,  defeat  the  Danes 

at  Dun-Maeltnli,  Ixviii.  21 ;  their  rights, 

CTii.  53;  tom  against  the  Dai  Cais, 

cxxv.  85-H7. 
Eoghanacht  of  Loch  Lein,  defeat  the  For- 

eigners,  xxxyI.  5.  222;  where  seated, 

xxxvi.  n.  9 ;  whence  their  name,  ib. ; 

defeat  the  Danes,  bcxxvii.  33 ;  Scann- 

lan,  K.  of,  alain,  cxci.  n.  209. 
Eoghanacht  of  Magh  Gerrgin  (Marr),  in 

Scotland,  clxxriii.  n.  ^ 
Eoghanacht  Ua  Neit,   17;  an  error  for 

Eoghanacht  Ua  nEochaidh,  18,  n. 
Eoghanacht-Ua^nEochaidh;  who,  18,  n.  8; 

oppose  the  Danes,  Ix.  1 9 ;  their  territory, 

Ix.  n. 
Eoghanan  (trae  reading  for  Eoghan,  13, 

n.  M),  s.  of  Oenghtts,  K.  of  Dalriada  in 

Scotland,  slain,  1. 13,  n.  i*.  226. 


Eoin  Baron,  son  of  Inghen  Rnaidh,  slain, 

cxci.  n.    See  Eoan  Barun. 
Ere,  s.  of  Cairbre  Niafer,  slain  by  Conall 

Cearnach,  cxxxiii.  n.>. 
Eremhon,  s.  of  Cenneidigh,  chiefof  Cinei 

Mani,  slain,  xci.  n. '.  37. 
Eric,  K.,  chronicle  of,  says  that  Eegnar 

Lodbrok  was  slain  by  Hella,  an  Irish 

regulus,  Iv. ;  how  reconciled  with  the 

story  of  his  having  been  slain  in  North- 

umbria,  ib.  n. 
Eric,  fine  for  a  mnrder,  103,  n.  u. 
Erinn,  men  of,  how  distinguished  from 

men  of  Munster,  Ixxiii. ;  forty  years*  rest 

in,  Ixxri.  Ixxxiii.  27  ;  abandoned  by  the 

GaiU,  29.    See  Ireland. 
Emal  Scot.    See  Arnaill  Scot. 
Erulf,  Donnchadh,  grandson  of.    See  O 

hEruUbh. 
Etgall.    See  Edgall. 
Ethelwerd,  quoted,  Ixxix. 
Etla,  or  EdaTretill,  shun  at  Sulchoit,  78, 

n.3.  79.81. 
Eystein  (or  Oistein),  probably  Thorstein, 

bcxx.    See  Oistein. 
Eyvind  Austmann,  why  so  called,  Ixxz. 

n.«. 

Fabhar  of  Fechin  (Fore,  in  Westmeath), 

clxvi.  n.  *. 
Faelan,  s.   of  Cormac,  ancestor  of  the 

O'Faelain   (now  Phelan,  or  Whelan), 

clxxvi.  n.«. 
Faelan,  E.  of  the  Deisi-Mumban,  slain  by 

Ivar  of  Limerick,  cxvii.  n.  i.  73 ;  his 

son,  Domhnall,  banished,  cxl.  107. 
Fail,  Tara  of,  clii.  n.^.  123.  125. 
Fair  Gentiles  war  with  the  Black  Gen- 

tiles,  19.  21.  229. 
Fan-Conrach,    or    Dun  -  Fain  -  Conrach, 

battle  of,  cxxxix.  107. 
Farannan  (orForannan),Abbot  of Armagh, 

expelled  by  Turgesins  with  St.  Fatrick*8 

shrine,  xlii.  xliv. ;  fled  to  Munster,  9. 

225;  foar  years  in  Munster,  xlii.  9; 

captured  by  the  Norsemen  of  Limerick, 

xliii.  15.  227 ;  submits  to  Feidlimidli  of 

Cashel,  xlv. ;  crror  of  Ussher  and  Lani- 

Y 


322 


INDEX. 


gan  «8  ţo  date  of  his  expulsion  iirom 
Armagh,  xUv.  n. 

Farragh.    âee  Forrach. 

Fastiiig-calves,  cattle  made  to  fast  for  the 
loss  of  the  chieftain,  cxxxiv.  n. '. 

Feartas-Camsa.    See  Fersad. 

Feegili,  or  FigiU.    See  Fidh-GaîbhU. 

Feidhlimidh,  s.  of  Crimhtbann,  bUhop- 
king  of  Cashel,  3 ;  usurpg  tbe  Ab- 
bacy  of  Arinagb,  xlv.  n.  *;  preaches 
in  the  Cathedral  every  Sunday,  ib,; 
promulgates  the  law  of  Fatrick  in 
Munster,  xlvi.  n. ;  plunders  the  most 
sacred  places,  xlv. ;  his  death,  inflicted 
by  St.  Ciaran,  xItî.  ;  date  usnally  as- 
signed  to  his  death  may  be  the  date  of 
his  monastic  profession,  xlvL  n. ' ;  re- 
garded  as  a  saint,  ib, ;  his  feast  day,  ib. ; 
hisgenealogy,248;  ravagesoftheDanes 
in  his  time,  xxxyii.  21.  229;  claimed  to 
be  E.  of  Ireland,  xliv. ;  bis  claim  tem- 
porarily  allowed,  tb.  ;  called  K.  of  Ire- 
land by  Cambrensis,  xlv.  n. ;  his  having 
been  xecognized  as  K.  of  Ireland  con- 
firmed  by  Ann.  Uit.  and  Four  M.,  xlv.  n. 

"Feis  Tigbe  Chonain,"  edited  by  Mr. 
Nich.  O'Keamey,  clxxviii.  n.  *. 

Femhann,  plain  of,  45.  n.^'^. 

Fenagh,  Book  of,  cxxii.  n.  >. 

Fenian  literatore,  coplous  remains  of, 
dxxxii.  n.  K 

Fenians,  ancient  order  of.    See  Fîans. 

Feradach,  races  or  games  of  the  s.  of, 
cxxii.  83;  described,  cxxii.  n.>.  See 
Gathal,  s.  of  Feradach. 

Fera-Muighe  (Fermoy),  Grebennach,  K. 
of,  slain,  cxcL  n.  209. 

Fergal,  Mathgamhain's  meal  cooked  on  his 
shield,  10). 

Fergal,  s.  of  Finachta,  Bishop  and  Abbot 
of  Cloyne,  slain,  Ixxviii.  n.  \  29.  233. 

Fergna,  s.  of  Fergus,  E.  of  Breifiie,  his 
druids,  cxxiL  n.>. 

Fergraidh,  EL  of  Munster,  5.  238;  date  of 
his  morder,  cxvi  n.  s. 

Fergus,  or  Forgus,  river,  cx.  n.  *.  61.  65. 

Fergus  Fial,  K.  of  Codlaighe,  slain, 
xcix.  n.  45. 


Feread  (Feartas-Camia),  135 ;  ntnation  aC; 

clvii  n.  *. 
Ferta  nimhe,  in  Magh  Bregh,  d.  n.  i. 
Feuds  beţween  Irish  chieftains  in  mnth 

oenţury,  xliv. 
Fews  Mountain.    See  Sliabh  Fuaid. 
Flans,   or  Fenians,   the    aodent   Irish 

miliţia,  cxlviL  n.  * ;  quaUfications  for 

admission  to  the  order,  ib. ;  their  his- 

tory  and  literature,  clxxxii.  n.  K 
Fidh  Gaibhli,  now  Figili  or  Feegile,  in 

the  parish  of  Clonsast,  Eiog*B  cotintj, 

clxii.  n.i.  143. 
Find.inlB  (Finish  Island?  in  the  ShannoD), 

plundered,  cxxxv.  103. 
Pin'Dftume  (Findruine),  51 ;  meoning  ot 

ciii.  n.  *. 
Fine-Gall     See  Fingall. 
Fingal  (of  Macpherson).    See  Finn  Mac 

CumhalL 
Fingall  (tcrritory  of  the  GaUl),  a  district 

in  co.  of  Dublin,  clxx.  dxxi.  n.  *.  1&5. 

cixxii. ;  its  boundaries,  clxxL  a.  \ 
Finglas.    See  Finnglass  Cainnigh. 
Finish  Island.    See  Find-inis. 
Finn,  Bishop  of  Kildare.  SeeMacGormaîn. 
Finn  Mac  Cumhaill  (Fingal  of  Macpher- 
son), clxxxii.  n.s.  cxc.  n. ';  era  of, 

.cxlvii  n.  I ;    his    **  Boyish    Exploita,** 

edited  by  Dr.  O'Donovan,  t&. 
Finn,  chieftain  of  Ui  FaUghe  (OSaly),  his 

pedigree,  clxiil.  n.  > ;  his  desoendants,  t&. 
Finnchadh,  chief  of  Hi  Grarrchon,  dxxLr. 

n.*. 
Finngaill,orFinn-geintL  SeeKonregians. 
Fiunglass-Camnigh  (Finglas,near  Dublin), 

plundered,  Ixi.  n.  >.  19. 
Finnguine,  s.  of Laeghaire,  E.  ofMunster,'3. 
Finntan,  of  Cluain  Eidhnech,  comarb  ol^ 

19.  bd. 
Fiord,  sîgnification  o^  xxxL 
Fir-Muighe,  now  Fermoy,   IzxxriL  3S. 

cxxix. 
Flaherty.    See  Fhuthbhertach. 
Flaithbhertach,  s.  of  DomhnaU,  beir  of 

Ireland,  slain,  xâ.  n. '.  37. 
Flaithbhertach,  s.  of  lonmhunen,  K.  of 

Munster,  3.  238. 


IKDSX. 


8S3 


Flaithbhertaeh  (or  Flaherty)  CNeill,  s.  of 
Moirchertach,  cbdy. ;  ravages  Meath, 
dxY.  147  ;  kills  Osii,  s.  of  Dubhcenn, 
8.  of  Irar  of  Limerick,  »&. 

Flann  Albanach,  s.  of  Mabicby  II.,  slain, 
clxTi.  149. 

Flann,  K.  of  Bregia,  yerses  on  his  death 
by  his  mother,  33. 

Flann  Cithach,  the  fabled  |)er8onafţe  who 
ia  to  be  E.  of  Ireland  in  the  dajs  of 
Antichrist,  czxvi.  n.  ^.  87 ;  he  is  to  be 
of  Ihirlus  (Tharles)f  t6.;  called  also 
Gionach,  cxxvii.  n. 

Hann,  s.  of  Conang,  K.  of  CianachtaBregh, 
invites  the  assistance  of  the  Northmen, 
Ixzzviii. ;  his  death,  Ixzyiii.  33 ;  cayes 
in  his  territoiy  plundered,  Izziv. 

Flann  Sionna,  s.  of  Maelseachlainn,  K.  of 
Ireland,  5.  242.  246 ;  defeated  by  the 
Panes,  lz3nri  n. ';  Ixxyiii.  29.  233;  at- 
temptfl  to  oyerthrow  the  Danes  of  Dub- 
lin, Ixzzi.;  inyades  the  Dai  Cais,  cxiii. 
n.  1 ;  story  of  his  game  of  chess  on  Magh 
Adhair  cxiiî.  n.;  his  death,  Izzyi.  n. '. 

Flanna.    See  Lann. 

FlAnnabrat  Ua  Dnnadach,  E.  of  Ui  ConaiU 
Gabhra,  defeats  the  Danes,  Ixzxyii.  33. 

Flannagan,  lord  of  Breagh,  slain  hy  North- 
men,  Ixxyi  n.  3. 

Flatholme.    See  Reoric. 

Flathri,  s.  of  Allmoran,  E.  of  Bessad,  slain 
by  lyar  of  Limerick,  cxyii.  n.  h  73. 

Fleming,  Primate,  Register  of,  xl.  n.  >. 

Flemings.    See  Flemenna. 

Flosius,  or  Flosi.    See  Auisle  and  Osii. 

Foenteran,  chief  of  Fir-Muighi  (Fermoy), 
bums  AmlafTs  câmp,  Ixxxyii.  33. 

Forannan,  Abbot  pf  Armagh.  See  Faran. 
nan. 

Fore,  in  Westmeath.  See  Fabhar  of 
Fechin. 

Foreigners  ârst  inyaded  Ireland,  5.  222. 
SeeGaill. 

Forrach  (Farragh),  Danes  defeated  at, 
Ixyiii.  n.  ■. 

Fortiflcations  bnilt  and  strengthened  bj 
Brian,  dix.  141 ;  list  giyen  by  Eeating, 
140,  n.  7, 


Fortfenn  (Pictland^  tometimoi  dcnotet 

all  Scotland,  li. 
Fortnatha  Laighen  ("Foreign  tribes  of 

Leinster"),  situation  of,  clxxiy.  n.  ^; 

Domhnall,  s.  of  Fergal,  E.  of,  slain,  exci. 

n.  209. 
Forty  years'  rest.    See  Rest. 
Four  Masters,  confirm  the  testimony  of  the 

Innisfallen  Annals,  that  Feidhlimidh 

was  E.  of  Ireland,  xly.  n. ;  their  date 

of  first  Scandinayian  inyasion,  xxxii.; 

O'Donoyan's  edition  of^  cciy.  n. 
Freshford,  co.  Eilkenny.   See  Achadh-ur. 
Frethan,  St.    See  Furadhran. 
Frode,  s.  of  Harold  Harfagr,  poisoned  in 

Ireland,  Iii. 
Furadhran,  or  Frethan,  St.,  patron  of 

Lann  Leri  (Dunleer),  xl.  n.  K 

Gabhal-an-Glenna  (Fork  of  the  Glen). 
See  Gauleenlana. 

Gaedhil,  or  Gael,  in  Welsh  Gwyddil,  2,  n. 

Gaeth-Glenn,  101. 

Gailenga.    See  Galenga. 

Gaill,  or  Goill,  foreigners,  2,  n.  ^  23; 
original  significatlon  and  deriyation 
of  the  word,  xxix.;  cognate  with  the 
German  Wălsch,  xxix.  n.;  the  Low- 
landers,  so  called  by  the  Highlanders 
of  Scotland,  xxix.  n.;  the  Anglo-Irish, 
so  called  by  the  natiye  Irish,  cxcix. 

Gaill-Gaedhil,  or  apostate  Irish,  lyii.; 
foUowers  of  Caitill  Finn,  Ixxi. ;  applica- 
tion  of  the  term,  xxx.;  0*Flaherty*8 
opinion  of,  ib,  n. ;  account  of,  in  Frag- 
ments  of  Annals,  ib, 

Gaill-Gaedhil  of  the  Isles,  cL  n. 

Galenga,  in  Mayo,  clxy.  n.*;  Galenga- 
beaga,  near  Dublin,  clxy.  n. '. 

GalengarM6r,  (Morgallion,  in  Meath), 
boundaries  and  site  oţ  cyiiL  n.<;  de- 
scent  of  the  tribe,  clxy.  n.  *;  many 
districts  so  called,  ib.;  plnndered,  clxy. 
149.    See  M6r-Galenga. 

Gali,  (nom.  sing.  and  gen.  pL  of  GailL)  See 
GaiU. 

Galloway,  a  oormption  of  Gaill-Gaedhela, 


XXX.  n. 


y2 


324 


INDEX. 


Gamandraidh,  who,  166,  n.  >;  the  name 
used  to  signify  "heroes,"  ib. 

Games  of  the  s.  of  Feradach.  See  Fera^ 
dach. 

Garbh-thamhnach,  situationof,  cbur.  n.i. 
147. 

Gauleenlana  (Gabhal-an-Glenna),  cxlv.  n. 

Gaultier,  barony  of,  292 ;  meaning  of  the 
name,  ib. 

Gebennacli,  s.  of  Aedh,  E.  of  Ui  Conaill 
Gabhra,  beheaded  by  the  Danes,  Ixxsy. 
31. 

Gebeimach,  b.  of  Dubhagan,  E.  of  Fera- 
Muighe,  slain,  cxci.  n.  209. 

Genealogical  Tables  of  Irish  kings  aod 
chieftains,  App.  B.  245.  sq. ;  of  Olaf  the 
White,  Table  VI.  (A.)  264;  of  Gormo 
Gamle,  Table  VI.  (B.)  260  ;  of  Gormo 
Enskj,  266.  267  ;  of  the  sons  of  Ivar  of 
Limerick  and  the  Isles,  Table  VII.  (A.) 
271 ;  of  the  grandsons  of  Ivar  of  Duh- 
Un,  Table  VU.  (B.)  278;  of  the  grand- 
sons of  Ivar  of  Waterford,  Table  VII. 
(C.)  292;  of  descendants  of  Cearball, 
Lord  of  Ossory,  and  E.  of  Dublin,  Table 
VIII.  297. 

Geniiles,  Scandmavians  so  called,  zxx. ; 
azure,  or  blue,  3 ;  (the  Black),  dcfeated 
by  the  Saxons,  Ixxxii. ;  battle  between 
Fair  and  Black,  Uxv.  27.  232.  See 
DubhgailL 

Geoffrey.    See  Sefraid. 

Germany,  called  Lochlano,  xxxi,  n. 

Gilbert,  J.  T.,  bis  notice  of  Dubhgairs 
Bridge  in  Dublin,  clxxxi.  n.  >. 

Gilla-Ciarain,  s.  of  Glun-iarainn,  clxxiy. 
16d.  278.  288.  No.  (lâ);  slain,  cxci.  n. 
207. 

GilU  Comgaill  O  Slebhinn.  See  O  Slebh- 
inn. 

GiUarmic-Liag,  a  Christian  name  in  the 
eleventh  century,  xxi.  n. 

Gilla-na-naomh,  s.  of  Domhnall  0*Fer- 
ghail,  clxxix.  n.  ^  177.  clxxii.  n.a.  157. 

Gillapatrick,  E.  of  Ossory,  taken  prisoner 
by  Brian,  cxct.  217  ;  bis  descent,  cxcr. 
n.^;  bis  pedigree,  cxl.  n.^;  slain  by 
Donovan,  s.  of  Ivar  of  Watcrf\)rd,  ib. ; 


ancestor  of  the  Mac  Gillaphadruig  or 
Fitzpatricks,  cxl.  n.  ^. 

GiUe,  a  proper  name,  ci.  n. 

ţinach  or  ţionach,  voracious,  cxxTiii.  n. 

'gioUxi,  m&aning  of  the  word,  26 1 . 

GioUa-CheaUaigh  [EilkeUy],  s.  of  Comal- 
.  tan  O'Clery,    lord  of    Hy    Fiachrach 
Aidhne,  cxli.  n.^ 

Giolla  Moduda  [O'Cassidy],  qnoted,  clx. 
n.  s.  14 1  ;  date  of  bis  death,  clx.  n.  *. 

Giraldus  Cambrensis,  his  account  of  the 
name  of  Wales,  xxix.  n. ;  his  account 
of  Turgesius,  xliv.  n. ;  romantic  story  of 
the  death  of  Turgesius,  not  fuund  in 
any  ancient  Irish  authority,  ih. ;  an 
imitation  of  HengisVs  trt-achery  to  Vor- 
tigem,  ib,;  calls  Gurmund,  deputy  of 
Turgesius,  an  African,  why,  267:  not 
wrong  when  he  calls  Feidlimidh  of 
Cashel  E.  of  Ireland,  xIt.  n. 

Glamorganshire,  Foreigners  defeated  in, 
xxxiii. 

Glandore.    See  Cuandor. 

Glas-Linn,  occupied  by  Danes,  Ixxxt.  31. 
234. 

Glen  Castle.*  See  Caislen-Glinni 

Glen-da-locha  plundered,  xl.  IxxtL  n.  K 
7.   17.  22*.  228. 

Glen-figedha  (Glenrigeha),  "Glen  of 
fighting,**  cxlv.  n.  cxlri.  n. 

Glen-mama,  battle  of,  cxliii. ;  bardic 
poems  in  celebration  of  the  victory, 
cxIyI.  n.  1. 1 1 3 ;  Mr.  Shearman^s  account 
of,  cxliv.  n.  ' ;  fragmenta  of  a  Danish 
sword  found  there  in  1864,  cxl  vi.  n. 

Glcnn-Datha,  Mahoun*s  victory  over  the 
Foreigners  of,  cxxxiv.  95. 

Glenn  Uissen.    See  Eilleshin. 

Glen  Righe,  the  vale  of  Newiy,  Ixii.  n. 

Glun-iarain,  s.  of  Olaf  Cuaran  by  Donn- 
flaith,  cxlix.  n.  288.  No.  (15). 

Gluniarain  ("Iron-knee'*),  plnnders  Ar- 
magh,  Ixxvi.  n.  ^. 

Gluntradna,  s.  of  Gluniarain,  slain,  ixxri. 
n.«. 

Glyde,  river.    See  Casan  Linne. 

Godfrey  [or  Gothrin],  grandson  of  Imliar, 
plundcrs  Armagh,  xcii.  37.  280;    be- 


INDEX. 


325 


coines  K.  of  Dublin,  xcii.  n.  280 ;  pre- 
scnt  at  the  battle  of  TTnemore,  Izxxvi. 

Godfrey,  s.  of  Sitric,  escapes  from  battle 
of  Muine  Broccain,  xcvi.  n.  K 

Goffraidh  (or  Gothofred),  adopted  aa  an 
Irish  namc,  1.  n. 

Goffraidh,  s.  of  Fergus,  chief  of  Oriei,  pocs 
to  Scotlund  to  assist  Kcnneth  Mac  Al- 
pin, 1. 

Goffraith,  s.  of  Harold,  165 ;  slain  by  tbe 
Dalriada,  clxxiv.  n. «.  272,  No.  (6) ;  K. 
of  Insi-Gall,  ib. 

Gofraigh.    See  Godfrey. 

Goistilin  Gali,  K.  of  Port  Lairge,  slain, 
cxci.  n.  207. 

Good  Friday,  prophecy  respecting  the 
death  of  Briaii  on,  clxxiii. 

Gormflaith,  sister  of  M^lmordha,  K.  of 
Leinster,  mar.  to  Brian,  cxlviii.  n. ' ; 
her  descent  and  history,  ib, ;  mother  of 
Donnchadh,  s.  of  Brian,  dx.  143 ;  her 
"three  leaps,"  clx.  n. »;  chronological 
difficulty  as  to  her  son  Donnchadh,  ib, ; 
reproaches  her  brother,  Maelraordha,  for 
his  submission  to  Brian,  clxii.  143;  her 
pedigree,  clxiii.  n.  i ;  her  zeal  in  gather- 
ing  forces  against  Brian,  clxviii.;  her 
hand  promieed  to  Sigurd,  Earl  of  Ork- 
ney,  and  also  to  Brodar,  ib, ;  her  cha- 
racter,  as  given  in  Njala,  cxlviii.  n.  ^, 

Gorm,  or  Gormo.    See  Horm. 

Gormgiasa,  meaning  of  the  word,  xxx.  n. 

Gormo  Enski,  or  the  English,  zciii. ;  cor- 
ruptcd  by  the  Irlsh  to  Elgi,  or  Allgo, 
ib.  n.  >;  called  Guthrum,  xciii. ;  why 
called  Gormo  iEtheUtan,  267 ;  his  gene- 
alogy,  266.  267. 

Gormo  Gamle,  his  genealogy,  266.  267. 
See  Tomar  Mac  Elgi. 

Gospels  of  the  ancient  Irish  sees,  cxxx.  n.  *. 

Gothbrith,  grandsou  of  Ivar.  See  Godfrey. 

Gothfrith,  Guthred,  or  Guthferth,  confa- 
sion  between  different  chieftains  of  the 
name,  279.  280.  • 

Gothofred.    See  Goffraidh. 

Gk)thrin.    See  Godfrey. 

ţfiavainj;»  or  ^T^a'pi©!  games  or  races, 
cxxiiî.  n. '. 


Gragaban  (or  Cracabam),  slain  in  the 

battle  of  Tynemore,  Ixxxvi. 
Sliaipne.    See  '5p-a'F«on5' 
Green  of  Ath  Cliath,  near  Kilmainliam, 

dxvii.  151. 
Greisiam,  of  the  Normans,  clxx.  n.  K 
Griffin,  xcv.  n.  i.  4 1 . 
Grisin,  clxxiv.  163 ;  slain,  cxci.  n.  207. 
Grisine,  the  Flemish  pugilist,  clxx.  n.  K 
Guthred,  E.  of  Northumbria,  266.  No.  (2). 

See  Gothfrith. 
Guthrum.    See  Gormo  Enski. 
Gwentian  Chronicle,  a  forro  of  the  Brut  y 

Tywysogion,  xxxiii. 
Gyda,  sister  of  Olat*  Cuaran,  wife  of  Olaf 

Trygyvessim,  ci.  n.  i.  287. 

Haconn  (or  Hakon),  his  arrival,  Ixxvii.  27. 
Haeretha-lande  (Norway).    See  Hirotlia. 
Halfdane.    See  Olphine  Earl. 
Halfdene,  broth  er  of  Inguar  and  Ubba,  270 ; 

slain  at  Loch-Cuan  in  Ireland,  ib. 
Halfdene,  s.  of  Gothfrith,  287. 
Haliday,  Charles,  esq.,  suggests  the  iden- 

tity  of  Turgesius  and  Bagnar  Lodbrok, 

liii.  n.  *;  on  the  ancient  name  of  Dub- 
lin, clxxxi.  u.  >.  clxxxvii.  n.  >. 
Hardiman,  James,  his  extracts  from  the 

Leabhar  Oiris,  xx.  n.  K 
Harold.    See  Aralt. 
Harold,  s.  of  Olaf  Cuaran.    See  Aralt. 
Harold  Harfagr,  not  the  father  of  the 

Irish  Turgesius,  Iii. 
Haughton,  Rev.  Samuel,  date  of  battle  of 

Cloijtarf  verifled  by  his  tidal  calcula- 

tions,  xxyi. 
Heathenism,  attempted  to  be  established 

in  Ireland  by  Turgesius,  xlviiL 
Hebrides.    See  Inşi  GalL 
Heligoland,  Christianit7  established  in, 

ce.  n. 
Hella,  or  Ella,  *'  an  Irish  regulus,"  Bagnar 

Lodbrok  put  to  death  by,  1y. 
Hemsfort  (Coruel.),  his  ^ert'es  Regum^  in 

Langebek,  1y.  n.  •. 
Hengist,  treachery  oţ  to  Vortigem,  xlir» 

n.«. 
Hennessy.    See  O^hAenghusa. 


326 


IlfDEX. 


BBaoBâajt  W.  M.>  his  snggestion  as  to 
the  word  cuGri;bit,  cziy.  nJ;  his  con- 
jecture  as  to  modern  name  of  Inis-tigh- 
Gighrainn.  xcvii.  n. ;  refera  Editor  to 
a  Druidical  ceremony  in  the  Book  of 
Fenagh,  exxii.  n.  * ;  and  to  a  passage 
where  g^xaipne  signifies  horse-games, 
cxxiii.  n.^  ;  explains,  from  the  Book  of 
Munster,  the  three  kings  excepted  in  S. 
Colman*8  prophecj,  cxzyii.  n. ;  his  aug* 
gestion  relative  to  the  word  maiţise, 
226,  n.i;  hia  correction  of  errors  in 
translation,  226,  n.«.  228,  n.;  identifies 
Plein-Pattuigi,  cxlii.  n. ' ;  hia  edition 
of  the  Cbronicom  Scotorum,  cei  n.  >. 

Heriolfr.    Sce  O'hEruilbh. 

Hi  Amhalgaidh  (men  of  Tirawlej),  dc- 
feat  the  forcigncrs,  Ixxvi.  n.  ^ 

Hi  Coluim-cille.     Sec  Hy. 

Hi-Fiachrach-Aidhne,  Maelruanaidh  Ua 
h-Eidhin,  chief  of,  clx.  n.^.  xtL 

Hi  Garrchon,  Finnchadh,  chief  of,  cIxxy. 
n. 

Hirotha,  Haeretha-Unde  (or  Irruftith, 
Irish  name  for  Norway),  zzziy.  n. 

Historians  of  Clontarf  on  both  sides, 
clxxxiii.  n.*. 

Hietorians  (modem)  of  Ireland,  ignorant 
of  the  Irish  langoage,  cciii. ;  recent 
improvementin  tone  of,  cciy. ;  its  canse, 
ib.  cciy.  n. 

Holm  Peel,  or  Feel  laland.  See  Inia- 
patrick. 

Hol3rwood,  co.  of  Wicklow,  cxly.  n. ;  an- 
cient  yew  treea  stiU  there,  near  St. 
Eevin's  Church,  cxly.  n. 

Horm  (perhaps  Gorm,  or  Gormo),  a  Danish 
general,  inyokea  St.  Patrick,  Ixiy. 

Horaepass  on  the  Lifiejr,  czly.  n. 

Howth.    See  Edar. 

Hubba,  Ubba,  or  Ubbo,  aon  of  Bagnar 
Lodbrok.    See  Ubba. 

Hangar,  or  lyar.    See  Ingyar. 

Hy  (now  lona),  I  or  Hy-Columkille,  at- 
tacked  by  pirates,  lyiii.  17.  22a ;  plun- 
dered,  xxxiy.  n. ;  bumed,  xxxy.  Olaf 
Cuaran  dies  there,  ci.  47. 287. 

SyBrioin.    SeeUiBriuin. 


Hy  Cairbre»  their  reăson  for  opposîBg 
Afathgamhain,  cxzyi  czxyii.  87. 

Hy  lyar,  genealogy  of,  Tab.  VII.  26a 

Hy  lyar,  of  DubUn,  276;  of  Waterford, 
292. 

Hy  Einshela.    See  Ui  Cennselaigh. 

Hy  Many,  TadhgUa  Cellaigh,  ELof,c]xxyi 
n.^  169 ;  slain,  cxci.  n.  209. 

Hy  Neill,  (the  Northern)  Kings  of,  Tab.  L, 
245 ;  (the  Soathetn)  Kings  of,  Tab.  XL, 
246;  descendants  of  Malachy  II.,cxcyiii 

largna.    See  Iercne. 

larthair  Lifi^  (Western  Liffey),  boundary 

oţ  XC.  n. 
Iceland,  its  early  connexion  with  IreUnd, 

297. 
Icelandic  AnnaJs,  their  acoount  of  Btig- 

nar's  sons,  M. 
I-Columcille.    See  Hy. 
Iercne  (Eirekr),  slain,  IxllL 
IfÎEir.    See  lyar. 

Imar,  or  Imhar.    See  Ingyar  and  lyar. 
Imlech  (Emly),  plundered  by  the  Danes 

of  Waterford  and  Limerick,  Izy.  n.  83 ; 

S.  Ailbe,  patron  of,  97 ;  plundered,  19. 

229 ;  bumed,  Ixxiy.  25.  232. 
Inch.    See  Inis  Finmic. 
Inchbofin.    See  Inls-bo-finne. 
Inchclerann.    See  Inis-Clothrann. 
Inchicore,  for  Inia-tigh-Gore,  or  Inls-tiglu 

Gighrainn,  zcyii.  n. 
Inchlquin,  co.  Clare,  the  original  aest  of 

the  family  of  O'Quin,  clxxyL  n.  i. 
Infnit,  slain  at  Sulchoit,  79. 
Inghen  Buaidh  ("  the  red  girl  *'),  xcy.  nJ. 

41  ;  tiro  sons  of,  slain,  cxd.  n«  207. 
Ingyar,  or  lyar  (sumamed  Beinlaua,  or 

the  Boneless),  lyi. ;  the  rayen  banner  oţ 

M.  n.'.  clxxxiii.  n.i;  his  exploita  in 

Ireh&nd  and  England,    268.   aq.;   hit 

descendants,  271.  ag, 
Ingulf  and  L«if,  first  Norwegiffli  selUen 

in  Iceland,  297. 
Ingwar,  confounded  with  lyar,  Ixxix.  n.  K 
Inis-an-Goill-dabh  (Island  of  the  black 

foreigner**),  in  the  Shanuon,  zx.^  Mac» 


-*".•«    "    t," 


imiEX. 


327 


liag  died  there,  ib.;  fortifled  bjBrian» 

clx.  n.  I.  141. 
Inis-bo-finne  (Inchbofin,  iil  Lbch  Hee), 

plundered,  xciv.  n.  i.  39 ;  bumt  by  the 

Foreigners,  zxziy.  n. 
Inis  Cathaigh  (now  Scatteiy  Island),  a 

stronghold  of  the  Panes,  cy.  n.  i.  cxxzt. 

czxxvi. ;  tbe  Danes  attacked  there  bj 

Brian  and  ezpelled,  ib,;  occupied  by 

IvaTf  cxxy. ;  Ivar  and  his  sons  slaln  in, 

cxxxv.  n.  *. 
Inis-celtra,plandered  byTuTgesiufljXliz.  13. 

226 ;  bj  the  Limerick  Danes,  xcir.  n.  K 

39 ;  church  of^  restored  by  Brian,  clix. 
Inis-Clothrann(Inch-cleraan,iD  LochRee), 

plnndered,  xcir.  n.  i.  39. 
Inis-da-Dromand  (now  Inishdadromm), 

plundered,  cxxxv.  ld3. 
Inis  Doimhle.    See  Inis  Temhni. 
Inis  Eoghanain.    See  Inishannon. 
Inis  Faithlenn  (Inisfallen),  plundered,  Ixi. 

n.  17.  228. 
InisfiillenyBodleianAnnalsof^chronological 

errors  in  Pr.  0*Conor's  edition,  240,  n.  ^ ; 

record  the  snbmission  of  Niall  Caille  to 

Feidhlimidh,    xlv.    n. ;   the  Four  M. 

confirm  this  testimony,  t6. 
Inisfallen,  Dublin  Annals  of,  represent 

Brian  as  exhorting  his  troops,  crucifix 

in  hand,  clxxxTi.  n.  i;  their  authority 

small,  t6. ;  how  far  yaluable,  ib. ;  by 

whom  compiled,  ib.  240,  n. 
Inis  Finmic  (Inch,  co.  of  Dublin),  Danes 

defeated  at,  Ixix.  23.  230. 
Inis  Flainn.    See  Inis&llen. 
Inishannon  (Inis  Eoghanain),  demolished, 

xxxix.  7.  223. 
Inish  murray.    See  Inis  MuiredhaiglL 
Inis  Labhrainn,  an  island  at  mouth  of  the 

Hiver  Labhrainn,  xxxyi.  n.;  bumed, 

xxxri.  5.  222. 
Inis-mac-Nessain.    See  Ireland's  Eye. 
Inis-Mor   (now   Canon  Island),   ia  the 

Shannon,  plundered,  cxxxr.  103. 
Inis-Muiredhaigh  (Inishmurray),   plun- 
dered, Iviii.  17.  228 ;  burnt  by  the  For- 

eigners,  Int.  xxxiv.  n.  ^. 
Inis  Muireoc.    See  Inis  Muireâhaigh, 


Inis-na-hEidhnighi  (Iny,  co.  Keny),  oc- 
cupied by  Danes,  Ixxxr.  n.  i.  31.  234. 

Inispatrick,  or  Holm  Peel  (Isle  of  Man), 
bumt  by  Gentiles,  xxxv.  n. 

Inis  Sibhtond  (now  Eing's  Island),  38.  n.  > ; 
occupied  by  Ivar  and  his  sons,  ciii.  49 ; 
plundered  by  Mathgamhain,  cy.  n.  ^ ; 
expulsion  oftheforeigner8firom,cxxY.  n.; 
Tomar  Mac  Elgi  lands  there,  xciii.  39 ; 
a  corruption  of  Inis  Woden,  274,  n.  i. 

Inis  Temhni,  or  Inis  Doimhli  (also  Inis 
Uladh),  7 ;  sitnation  of,  xxxvii.  n. 

Inis  Teoc.    See  Inistioge. 

Inistioge  (Ihis  Teoc),  plundered,  xxxix.  7. 
223. 

Inis  Ubhdain.    See  Inis  Sibhtonn. 

Inis  Uladh,  265.  n.  ^.    See  Inis  TemhnL 

Inie  (i.e.  inltium  Jejunii),  Shrove  Tues- 
day,  xxYi.  n. '. 

Insi-Gall  (the  Hebrldes),  an  army  from, 
arrives  at  Dublin,  clxx.  n.  * ;  Amlaf 
Lagman,  K.  of,  cxd. 

Interpolation,  common  with  Irish  scribes, 
xyL  ;  CYidence  of,  in  the  MSS.  of  the 
present  work,  XYii  sg. ;  in  the  Dublin 
MS.  of  the  present  work,  dxxii.  n.  2. 
cIxxyIL  clxxix. 

Inyasions  of  Irelaild,  first  Scandinayian, 
date  of,  xxxL  3 ;  first  and  second  groups 
of|  xxxyii. 

Iny,  co.  of  Kerry.  See  Ini»-na-hEidhnighi. 

John  the  Baron.    See  Eoan  Barun. 

Jolduhlaup(Icelandic  name  ofLoophead  ?), 
IxxY.  n. 

lona.    See  Hy,  and  I-Columbkille. 

Ireland,  twelYe  kings  of,  during  the  Danish 
wars,  5 ;  kings  of,  from  763  to  10 14, 242i 
243 ;  their  alternate  succession  from  the 
northem  and  sonthern  Hy  Neill,  243 ; 
genealogical  table  of  klugs  descended 
from  the  northem  Hy  Neill,  245;  geneo- 
logical  table  of  kings  descended  from  the 
southem  Hy  Neill,  246;  soYereignty  of, 
dai  med  by  seYeral  Irish  dans,  cxcYiii, 
See  Erinn. 

Ireland's  Eye  (Inis  -  mac  •>  Kessain),  the 
Danes  of  Dublin  besieged  in,  Ixxxiii, 

Irruaith.    See  Hirotha. 


328 


INDEX. 


Isle  of  Man.    See  Manann. 

Ivar,  confnsion  between  the  names  Inguar, 
Igwar,  Imhar,  Ivar,  Scc,,  bczix.  n.  >. 
See  Ingvar. 

lTar,8on8  of  (Danes  properlj  bo  called),xciT. 

Ivar,  tanist  of  the  Danes  of  Dublin, 
Blain,  xcYi.  n. '. 

Irar  Beinlaus,  K.  of  Northumbria,  Ixxix. ; 
said  to  have  had  no  children,  ib.  n.  s ; 
ancestor  of  the  clann  Ivar,  ib. ;  bis  ex- 
ploits  in  Ireland  in  alliance  with  Olaf 
the  White,  208.  sq. ;  death  of,  Ixzx.  See 
Ingvar. 

Ivar,  grandson  of  Ivar,  slain  at  Fortrenn, 
279. 

Ivar,  grandson  of  Ivar,  anives  at  Lime- 
rick,  cil.  49.  274;  leader  of  the  Danes 
of  Limerick  in  930,  ev.  cvL  n. ;  after 
the  first  burning  of  Limerick  escapes  to 
the  east,  ue,  to  Wales,  cxxiv.  85;  after 
a  year  retnms,  ib. ;  slays  Beolan  Little, 
t6.;  takesthe  Shannon  islands,  and  settles 
at  Inis  Cathugh  (Scatterj  i^land),  cxxv. 
85 ;  instigates  a  conspiracj  against 
Mathgamhain,  cxxv.  87;  killed,  cxxxv. 
103 ;  his  descendants,  275. 

Ivar,  supposed  jounger  brother  of  Olaf 
the  WMte,  Ixxix.;  not  mentioned  in  the 
Sagas,  Ixxix.  n. '. 

Iveagh.    See  Ui  nEchdach. 

Iveragh.    See  Uibh  Bathaigh. 

Earlingfordia.    See  Carlingford. 

Kavanagh,  family  of,  cxcviii  n.  >. 

Keamey  (Nicholas),  his '  edition  of  the 
**  Feis  Tighe  Chonain,"  cxi.  n.  •. 

Eeary.     See  O'Ciardha. 

Eeating,  Dr.,  quotes  the  *'Cogadh  Gaedhel 
re  Gallaibh,**  xxii. ;  his  history  of  Ire- 
land, O'Mahony's  translation  of,  cciv.  n. ; 
Dermot  O^Connor^s  translation  of,  ib. ; 
MS.  copies  of,  in  the  Library  of  Trinitj 
GoUege,  Dublin,  i6. ;  his  account  of 
the  qualiflcationB  for  admission  to  the 
order  of  Fenians,  cxlvii.  n.  i. 

Kells.    See  Cennannus. 

Kenmare.    See  Cenn-mara. 

Kennedj.    See  Cenneidigh. 


Eenneth  Mac  Alpin,  invitcs  Goffnidh. 
chief  of  Oriei,  to  support  the  Dalriads 
of  Argyle,  1. ;  unites  the  Picts  to  his 
kingdom,  li.  n.  i. 

Eernaghân  (or  0*Eemaghan).  See  Ua 
Ceamachain. 

Eerry.    See  Ciarraighe  Luachra. 

Eerthialfad,  an  alleged  foster-child  of 
Brian,  dxxv.  n.  >. 

Eetill.    See  Caittil  Find. 

Eetill  Flatnef,  Ixxi.  n. 

Eetill  the  White,  Ixxi. 

Eevin  (St.)    See  Caemhgen. 

Eiarvalr,  Danish  fonn  of  the  name 
Cearbhall,  Ixxxi.  n.^. 

Eilbecan.    See  Cluain-ard-Mobeoc 

Kilcolman  (King's  co)    See  Daire-in6r. 

Eildare,orator7  of,  taken  by  Feidhlimidh, 
E.  of  Cashel,  xlv. 

Eildare,  plundered  by  the  Forâgnen,  IxL 
n.  Ixxvi.  n.  >.  1 9.    See  Cell-dara. 

Eîlkelly.    See  GioUa  Cheallaigh. 

Eill-Achaidh.    See  Cill-Achaidh. 

Eillaloe.    See  Cell-Dalua. 

Eillarney,  lake  of.  See  Eogbanacht  of 
Loch-Leiu. 

Eillashee.    See  Eilloesj. 

Eilldalkey.    See  Delga. 

EUleedy,  co.  Limerick.    See  QU-Ita. 

Killeigh,  Eing*s  co.    See  CiU-Achaidh. 

Eilleshin  (Queen*8  co.),  xc.  n.  See  Mael- 
moedhog. 

Eillevy,  or  Eillslevy.    See  Cili  SlebhL 

Eillineer.    See  Cill-ua-n-Daighre. 

Eillossy,  or  Eillashee(Cell-iiaaaille)y  plun- 
dered, xl.  7.  224. 

Eilmacud  (Kilmocudrig),  xci.  n.  i. 

Eilmainhara.    See  Cill-Maighnenn. ' 

Eilmashogue.    Sec  Cili  Mosamhog. 

Eilmocudrig.    See  Eilmacud. 

Kilmolaah.    See  Cili  Molaisi. 

EUmoon.    See  Cill-Mona. 

Eilpeacon,  co.  Limerick.  See  Cluain- 
ard-Mobeoc. 

Eincurry.    See  Cenn  Curraig. 

Kinelea,  barony  of  Moycaslid,  co.  West- 
meath.    See  Cinei  Fiachach. 

Einelmeaky,  co.  Cork.  See  Cinei  mBece, 


INDEX. 


329 


King*s  Iflknd.    See  Inis-Sibhtonih 
Kinncora.    See  Cenn-coradh. 
Kinnetty.    See  Cenn-£tigh. 
Kinsellastown,  cxlr.  n. 
Knockadoon,  cxzxyiiL  n.  i. 
Enockaree,  a    hill    near   CasUedermot, 

Ixviii.  n. 
Knock  Ushnagh.    See  Uisnech. 
Kolbcin,  Ixxiii.  n. 
Kormlada,  Danish  form  of  Gormflaith, 

cxlviii.  n. '. 
Kuaran,  Kuoran,  or  Quaran,  meanÎDg  of 

the  name,  ci.  n.  i.    See  Cuaran. 
Kunnlatoborg,  Eunnatin-borg»  Eankara- 

borg,  Danish  corruptions  of  Eanncora, 

cxlix.  n.  s. 
Ejlfi  (O'KeUy),  the  father  of  Kerthialfad, 

dxxT.  n.  ^ 

Labraiiine,nowCa8hen  rirer,  co.  of  Eerr7, 

xxxvi.  n. 
Lachtin,  son  of  Goflfraidh,  slaia,  xcrii.  ib, 

n.  1.  43. 
Lackan,  its  situation,  xt.  n. 
Laddeo.    See  O'Latean. 
Laegh,  inTradraighe,  battleoţ  cxxiv.  n.  *. 

83.  91. 
Laeghaire  Lorc,  common  ancestor  of  the 

Hj  Neill,  and  Kings  of  Leinster,  clii. 

n.  «.  125,  n.  *. 
Laeigsech  Ceann    mâr,  ancestor  of  the 

tribes   of  Leix   (Queen's  ca),  cxciv. 

n. -•. 
Lagmann,  xcv.  n.  i.  41. 
Lagore.    See  Loch  Gabhair. 
Laidm.     See  Latean. 
Laighin.    See  Leinster. 
Laighis,  or  Leix,  clxii.  n.  >.  143. 
Laighsi,  the  men  of  (Lcix,  Queen's  co.), 

oppose  the  return  of  the  Dai- Cais  from 

Clontarf,  cxciy.  215. 
Lambay.  See  Rechrn. 
Laudnamabok,  its  account  of  Olaf  the 

White,  Ixx.  n. 
Langebek,  Kerum  Dan.  Scriptt,  E.  Eric's 

Chronicle  in,  quoted.  Ir.  n.  i.  4;  Hems- 

fort,  Series  regum,  in,  qaoted,  \v.  n.  s. 
Lann,  or  Flann,  sister  of  Cearball,  miirri^d 


to  Malachy  I.,  263;  tnother  of  King 
Flann  Sionna,  Ixzxi.  n.  i. 

Lann  (church),  changed  to  Don  (fortress), 
xl.  n. '. 

Lann  Leri  (Dnnleer),  bumed,  xl.  7.  224. 
/Latean,  or  Laidin,  Brian^s  attendant  or 
horse-boy,    clxxxri.    n.  \    197.      See 
0*Latean. 

Laune,  the  riyer.    See  Lemhain. 

Lax-lep  (Danish  name  of  Leixlip),  Ixxxix. 
n.'. 

Leabhar  Oiris  (Book  of  Antiquity),  xx.  n.^. 

Leacht  Mathgamhna,  ^Uomb  of  Mahoun,** 
cxxx.  n.  1. 

Leamhain,  or  Leren  (a  quo  Leamhnacha, 
or  Lennox),  Foreigners  defeated  at, 
Ixxvii.  28,  n.  *.  29.  clxxyiii.  n. '. 

Leamhna.    See  Mâine  Iieamhna. 

Leas  Mdr.    See  Lismore. 

Lege  (Lea,  Queen*8  co.)»  c.  n.  K ! 

Leif,  first  Norwegian  settler  in  Iceland, 
297 ;  his  adyentures  in  Ireland,  i6. 

Leigh,  co.  Tipperary.  See  Liath  Mo- 
caemhoc. 

Leim  Conchullain  (now  Loophead),  Ixxy. 
n.  27.  232. 

Lelnster  plnndered,  13.  17.  226.  228;  by 
Baraid  and  AmlafTs  son,  25.  221 ;  de- 
feated in  many  battles,  29 ;  rayaged  by 
Murchadh,  s.  of  Brian,  as  far  as  Glen- 
daloch,  clxyi.  151 ;  rerolts  against  Brian, 
cxliii. ;  routed  at  Clontarf,  191;  2000  men 
of,8lain,  cxd.  209;  the  Eings  of,  claim 
a  right  to  the  throne  of  Ireland,  cxcyiii. 

Leinster,  Book  of,  its  age  and  contents, 
ix.;  list  of  Irish  romantic  tales  in, 
xxyiii.  n.  i;  fragment  of  the  present 
yrorkin  the,  22). 

Leith  Chainn.    See  Leth  Chuinn. 

Leix  (Queen*8  co.)    See  Laighis. 

Leixlip.    See  Lax-lep. 

I^emhain  (the  riyer  Laune,  in  Eerry). 
See  Leamhain. 

Lemhnaigh  (Men  of  Lennox),  plundered 
by  Brian,  civiii.  137. 

Lemmonstown,  cxlv.  n.  cxlvi.  n. 

Luimox,  dcrivution  of  the  uame,clyiii  n.  0. 
See  Leamhain,  and  Lemhnaigh. 


380 


iimEX. 


LeodhUfei  (laie  Of  Lewis),  Foreîgnera  of,  op- 
pose  Brian,  clzviii.  n.  K  153. 

Lergus,  8.  of  Crundmael  or  Cronecan,  Bi- 
shop  of  Eildarei  slain,  IxxTiii.  29.  233. 

Leţ^aji,  a  bowl,  a  stnall  boat,  cxli.  n. '. 

Leth  Chuinn  (the  northern  half  of  îre- 
land),  why  so  called,  8,  n.  7 ;  taken  bj 
TurgesiuB,  xlii.  9.  224. 

Leth  Mogha,  the  southem  half  of  Ireland, 
X.  zi.;  whence  bo  called,  x.  n.;  boundarj 
of,  lix.  n.;  the  peopleof  Leth  Mogha,  2). 

Lewis.    See  Leodhus. 

Li>  Li  Of  or  Lui,  meanisg  of,  Ixxxy.  n.  a. 
234,  n. 

Llfl-Ailbhe,  stone  of  Aîlbhe,  in  Mcath, 
after  its  fall  made  into  four  miUstonesT 
xL  n.^;  called  "principal  monument  of 
Magh-Bregh,"  xl.  n. 

Lia  Fail,  the  stone  so  called,  cili.  n.  s. 

Liagrislach,  aDanish  chieftain,xcv.  n.  i.  4 1 . 

Liath  Mocaemhoc  (Lcigh,  co.  Tipperary), 
plundered,  lix.  n.  K  17.  20.  21.  228.  229. 

lAi4,  or  Liph^  (now  Liffey),  plain  of, 
Dunlang,  b.  'of  Tuathal,  K.  of,  clxxiv. 
n.  K  165.  clxxix.  n.  1.  177 ;  slain,  xcL  n. 
209 ;  plundered,  Iviii.  n. ;  western  terri- 
tories  of,  Ixxxix.  n. ' ;  river  of,  arriral 
of  a  fleet  on,  Iviii.  J  7. 

Idffey.    See  Lifd. 

Limerick,  plondered,  Ixr.  19.  229;  taken 
by  the  Dal-Cais,  cxx.  79;  plunder  taken 
by  the  Dal-Cais  in,  cxxi.  79;  arrival 
of  Ivar  and  hls  sons  at,  cil.  49;  their 
genealogy,  271;  bishopric  of,  founded 
by  the  Danes,  cxcix.    See  Luimnech. 

Lindiflfame,  destroyed  by  heathens, 
zxzÎT.  n. 

Lindsay  (John).    See  Coins. 

Lind.    See  Lnighne.  t 

Linn  Duachaill,  battle  of,  Ixii.;  situation 
of,  ib.  n.  1 ;  not  Magheralin,  ib. 

Liphfe  (Liffey),  of  Lorc,  127.    See  Life. 

Lis  Luigheach  ("Fort  of  Lnghaidh- 
Menn"),  clii.  n.«.  121. 

Linnore,  plundered,  xxxiz.  7.  223 ;  plun- 
dered and  bumt  by  son  of  Ivar,  29; 
plundered  by  Amlaff,  Izzzvii,  33; 
Blaughter  at,  25, 


Little-Christmas,  or  octaTe  of  Christmas, 
cxlyii.  n. '. 

Little-Island  (near  Waterford).  See  Inu- 
Doimhle. 

Llydwicca  (Armorica),  xciy.  c. «. 

Loch,  or  Lough,  may  mean  an  estoaiy  of 
the  sea,  xxxi.  n.  Ixxxît.  n. 

Loch  Ce,  Annnls  of,  their  account  of  a 
misunderstanding  betwcen  BrÎAn  and 
the  K.  of  Connacht,  clzxri.  n.^;  diffier 
irom  the  present  work  as  to  the  dcath 
of  Conaing,  clxxxi.  n.  ^ ;  their  account 
of  the  Danish  auxiliaries  at  Clontarf, 
clxx.  n.  1;  their  acoount  of  the  battle  of 
Clontarf,  clxx.  n.  i ;  account  of  Doan- 
chadh's  succession  to  Brian,  clxxxTiii. 
n.  3 ;  ought  to  be  published,  ccL;  iden- 
tified  by  Mr.  O'Curry,  ib.  n. ». 

Loch-Cend,  fortified  by  Brian,  dx.n.  «.141. 

Loch-da-Caech  (Waterford  harbour),fresh 
arrival  of  Foreigners  in,  IxxTii.  27.  31. 
234  ;  why  so  called,  Ixxxir.  n.  i.  See 
Waterford. 

Loch  Derg  Dheirc  (Lough  Derg),  Danes 
defeated  at,  Ixvi.  21.  229 ;  entercd  by  a 
foreign  fleet,  xciii.  39 ;  churcbes  of, 
plundered  by  Turgcis,  13. 39.  226.  See 
Derg  Dheirc. 

Loch  Eachach  (now  Lough  Ncagh),  occu- 
pied  by  a  foreign  fleet,  xlii.  Iviii.  9.  )7. 
224.  228 ;  islands  of,  plundered  by  Mac 
Elgi,  CV.  n. '. 

Loch  Feabhail,  or  Loch  Foyle,  battle  of 
(a.D.  8G6),  Ixxiv.  25.  231. 

Loch  Gabhair  (Lough  Gower,  or  Lagore), 
Ixxxviii.  n.  ^.  Ixviii.  n. 

Loch  Gair  (Loch-Gur),  fortified  by  Brian, 
clx.  n.  1.  141. 

Lochit  bridge.    See  Ath  Lucait. 

Lochlann  (Lake-Land),  applied  to  N(H^ 
way,  xxxi.  n.;  applied  to  Germany,  ib, 
n.;  Dr.  O'Brien's  interpretation  of  the 
tenn,  xxxi.  n.;  0'Mahony*8  interpreta- 
tion of,  ib. 

Lochlanns,  Black,  clxx«  n.  ^ ;  White,  clxx. 
n.i. 

Loch  Leîn  (Klllarhey).  See  Eoghanacht 
ofLochLein. 


INDEX* 


331 


Loclk  Lbnga,  Utnation  of,  cxxxTiiL  n. 
Loch  Melvin,  drii.  s. '. 
Loch  nEachacb.    See  Loch  Eachach. 
Loch  Keagh.    See  Loch  Eachach. 
Loch  Rai,  Ribh,  or  Ri  (now  Lough  Ree), 

occnpied  by  a  foreign  fleet,  zlii.  9.  13. 

224. 226;  isUndB  of,  plundered  by  Mac 

Elgi,  CV.  n.3.  39. 
Loch  Ree.    8ee  Loch  Rai. 
Loch  Saiglend  fortified  bj  Brian,  clx.  n.  K 

141. 
Loch  Uair  (now  Lough  Owel,  near  Mullin- 

gar),  ToTgcBitu  drowned  in,  xliii.  16. 

227. 
Lodbrok.    See  Ragnar  Lodbrok. 
Loinguech,  eon  of  Dunhing,  slain,  cxci. 

209.  n. 
Loingsech,  s.  of  Setna,  K.  of  tlaithne  Tiri, 

slain,  91. 
Lonergan,  8.  of  Donncuan,  lord  of  Or- 

mond,  cxxxrii.  n.  \  105. 
Loophead,  andent  name  of,  Izxv.  n.  *. 
Lorc.    See  Lurc. 
Lorcan,  s.  of  Cathal,  Lord  of  half  Meath, 

bUnded,  Ixx.  n.  \ 
Lorcan,  s.  of  CeUach,*E.  of  Lcinster,  de- 

feats  the  Danee,  IxTii.  21.  229. 
Lorcan,  s.  of  Conligan,  E.  of  Cashel,  xciii 

3.  39 ;  date  of  his  reign,  xciii.  n.  cxiii. 

n.;  his  pedigree,  ib,;  not  in  O'Dubha- 

gain*8  poetical  list  of  kings,  cxiii.  n. 
Lorcan,  s.  of  Echtighem,  E.  of  Cind-Me- 

chair,  slain,  dxvi.  149. 
Lorcan,  s.  of  Lachtna,Brifui'8  grandfather, 

cxiL  65.  67 ;  conld  not  have  been  a  con- 

temporary  of  K.  Malachy  L,  cxii.  n. « ; 

nor  of  Malachy  II.,  ib.;  said  to  have 

been  designated  to  the  throne  of  Mon- 

ster  hy  Ck)rmac  Mac.Cnillenain,  cxiii. 

n.;  neyer  was  E.  of  Munster,  bat  of 

Thomond  only,  ib, 
liorg-ditch,  cxIt.  n. 
Lorrha.    See  Lothra. 
Lothra  (Lorrha,  ca  Tipperary),  plundered 

byTurgesius,  xlyiii.  xciy.  n.  K  13. 39.226. 
Lough  Derg.    See  Loch  Derg  Dheirc. 
Iiough  Gower.    See  Loch  Gabhair. 
Iiough  2!ţeagb«    See  Loch  Eachach. 


Lough  OweL    See  Loch  Uîdr. 

Lough  Bee.    See  Loch  Rai. 

Louth.    See  Lughbudh*. 

Luachair,  Le,  Luachair  Deghaidh,  co.  of 

Eerry,  cxxrii.  n,  K  87. 
Lugh,  or  Lughaidh  Lamhfada,  s.  of  Eth- 

lenn,  187 ;  his  date,  clxxxii.  n.  >.  cxc. 
Lugh  Lagha,  187  ;  brother  of  OUill  Olum, 

clxxxii.  n. «. 
Lughaidh's  Land,  the  territorj  of  the  Dal- 

Cais,  dii.  n.*.  125. 
Lughaidh  Menn,  s.  of  Aenghus  Tirech, 

cxiT.  67 ;  his  date,  cxir.  n.  ^ ;  ancestor 

of  the  Dal-Cais,  cri.  53. 
Lughbudh,  or  Lughmagh  (now  Louth), 

occupied  by  Foreigners,  xUi;  9.  224 ; 

Brian's  body  conveyed  to,  clxxxix.  203. 
Ltii.    See  Li. 

Luigh,  8.  of  Cormac  Galenga,  clxr.  n.*. 
Luighne,  tiibe  of,  whence  the  name,  cIxy. 

n.  s ;  bounds  of  thdr  territory  in  Con- 

naught,  ib.;  in  Meath,  ib. 
Luiminln,  a  Danish  leader,  slain,  cxci.  n. 

207. 
Luimnech  (Limerick),  anciently  thelower 

part  of  the  Shannon,  xli. ;  occupied  by 

Foreigners,  t6.  9.  224 ;  the  city  found 

by  them,  xli. ;  the  fleet  of  Ciarraighe 

plundcrs  as  far  as,  1 9;  called  "Luimnech 

of  ghips,*'  127;  Irar  arrives  in  western 

harbour  of,  and  settles  there,  85 ;  a  fleet 

from,  plunders  the  south  of  Ireland, 

228.     See  Limerick. 
Lummin,  clxxiy.  165. 
Lune,  barony  of,  in  Meath.  See  Luighne. 
Lurc,  or  Lorc,  Leinster,  why  so  called, 

dii.  n.  8.  126.  n.  *. 
Lynn,  in  Westmeath,  not  the  ancient 

Lann  Leri,  xL  n. '. 

Mac  an  Trin,  captain  of  Fergal  O'Ruaîrc's 
household,  clxxix.  177.  n. » ;  beheads 
Dunlang,  s.  of  Tuathal,  ib, 

MacBeatha,  s.  of  Muireadach  Claen,  E. 
of  Ciarraighe  Luachra,  cxd.  n.;  an- 
cestor of  O'Connor  Eerry,  ib. 

Mac  Berdai  (now  Berry),  chief  of  the 
Ui  mBuidhi,  dxir.  n.  \  147. 


332 


INDEX. 


Mac  Carthj,  (Florence,)  his  account  of 
the  battie  of  Roscrea,  Mi.  n.  K 

Mac  Cerîn,  (Ualgarg,)  chief  of  Ciarraidhe 
Locha-na-naimedh,  clxxri.  n.  ^.  169. 

Mac  Crimhthainn»  (Aedh),  tutor  to  Der- 
mod  Mac  Murrough,  ix.  x. 

Mac  Crimhthainn  (Colam),  of  Tirdaglas, 

X.  D. 

Mac  Curtin,  his  evidenceas  to  Mac  Ling^s 

writings,  xx.  n.  *, 
M'Dermot  (Mr.  M.),  erroneous  statement 

of,  cxcvii.  n. '. 
Mac  Egan  (Gilla-Da.naemh),  Ixiii. 
Mac  Elgi.    See  Tamar  Mac  Elgi. 
Mac  Eirbis  (Duald),  Anoals  copied  by 

him,  account  of  the  battie  of  Snamh 

Aignech  in,  Ixiii. 
M*Gee  (Thos.  D'A.),  his  history  of  Ire- 

land,  cxcyii.  n.  s. 
Mac  Grormain  (Finn),  Bishop  of  Kildare, 

ix. ;  assisted  at  the  synod  of  Kells.  xi. 

n. ;  yariations  of  his  name,  ib, 
Machaire  Buidhe  ("^the  yellow  plain"), 

cxxxii.  n.  i.  91. 
Machaire  Connacht.    See  Magh  nAi. 
Machaire-m6r  ("  the  great  plain  "),  battie 

of,  against  the  Danes  of  Waterford  and 

Limerick,   cxxiv.    n. '.   83;    probably 

Machaire  na  Mumhan,  cxxiy.  n.  3. 
Mac  Liag,  a  saint  of  the  race  of  GoUa 

Uais,  xxi.  n. 
Mac  Liag,  Cumara,  grandson  of,  xxi.  n. 
Mac  Liag,  anthor  of  the  **  Cugadh  Gaedhel 

re  GalUubh,"  according  to  Dr.  O'Conor, 

zx. ;  no  ancient  authority  for  this,  ib. 

n. ;    called  Muirchertach-beg,  son   of 

Madcertach,  i6.;  his  yerses  on  Math- 

gamhain^s  four  yictories,  cxxxiy.  95; 

said  to  haye  written  a  life  of  Brian 

Borumha,  and  a  book  of  the  battles  of 

Munster,  xxi.  n.  K 
Mac  Lochlainn  (or  0*Lochlainn),  descent 

of,  cxcviii.  n.  *. 
Mac  Lochlainn  (Domhnaill),  pretended  K. 

of  Ireland,  cxcyiii.  n. 
Mac  Lochlainn  (Muircheartach),pretend- 

ed  E.  of  Ireland,  cxcyiii.  n. 
Mac  Lonain,  Flann,  Book  of,  x. 


Mac  Mnrchadha,  or  Mac  Morrogfa  (^Der- 

mod),  Bo  called  from  his  grandfather, 

xi.  n. ;  his  banishment  oyer  the  sea, 

zii.;  called  ^^Diarmait  na  nGailI,'' ix. 

n. ;  his  claim  to  be  K.  of  Lânster  and 

Munster,  xi. 
Mac  Murroughs  'of  Leinster,  descent  of, 

cxcviii.  n.  i. 
Mocromhtha  (now  Macroom),  cxxxrill. 

n.«. 
Mac  Samhain,  clxxxii.  n.  *.  187. 
Mac-Tail,  patron  saint  of  KilcuUen,  263 ; 

his  real  name  Aengos,  ib.  n. ' ;  called 

St.  Michael  by  the  Englisfa,  ib, 
Maelbrighde   s.  of  Gairbith,   K.  of  Ui 

nEchdach,  (Iveagh,  co.  Doirn),  slain, 

xcviii.  n. «. 
Maelbrighte,  E.  of  the  Conaillc,  (the  Mael- 

brîcus  of  Saxo  Grammaticus),  liv. 
Mael-certaich,  sîgnification,  of,  xxi.  n. 
Maelcrflibhi,  E.  of  Ui  Tortan,  slaiu,  xcL 

n. «.  36,  n. 
Maelcroibhe,  or  Maeldnbh,  E.  of  Oirgiii- 

all.    See  Maeldubh. 
Maeldubh,  or  Maelcroibhe,  E.  of  Oirghi- 

all,  slain,  xcî.  n.  '.  36,  n. 
Maelduin,  s.  of  Muirghes,  heir  of  Con> 

naught,  slain,  xlix.  13.  226. 
Maelfathartaigh,  E.  of  Manster,3. 237. 239. 
Maelfebhail,  daur.  of  Maelsechlainn  I., 

date  of  her  death,  Ixxviii.  n.  233,  n. 
Maelfinnia,    E.  of  Bregia,   expels    the 

Danes  from  Dublin,  Ixxxii. 
Maelgualai,  s.  of  Dungaile,  E.  of  Mun- 
ster, 3;  killed,  Ixxi.  23.  231.  237. 
Maelkorka,  probably  daur.  of  Muircfaear- 

tach  Leather  doaks,  her  history,  265. 

No.  (9.) 
Maelroaedhog,  s.  of  Diarmaid,  Abbot  of 

Glen-Uissen  (Eilleshin),  xc.  n. ;  Arch- 

bishop  of  Leinster,  35;  slain  at  Cenn 

Fuait,  t6. ;  not  mentioned  by  Ware  or 

Harris,  xc.  n. 
Maelmhuaidh.    See  Maelmuadh. 
Maeimithigh,  s.  of  Flanagan,  of  Bregîa, 

slain,  xci.  n.  *.  37. 
Maelmordha,  s.  of  Muiregan,  E.  of  eastem 

Liffoy,  slain,  Ixxxix.  35,  n.  *, 


INDEX. 


333 


Maelmordha,  8.  of  Murchadh,  .'K.  of 
Leinster,  his  alliance  with  the  Danes 
of  Dublin,  cxlix.;  captured  Donnchadh, 
8.  of  Domlmall  Claon,  and  declared  him- 
seif  K.  of  Leinster,  cxlix.  nJ;  found 
concealed  in  a  jew  tree  aftcr  the  battle 
of  Glenmama,  cxlyi.  n.  cxlix.  119.  )  45 ; 
takeninto  Brian's  Iriendship,  and  made 
K.  of  Leinster,  cxlix.  1 J  9 ;  brings  three 
pine  masts  to  Brian,  io  Kincora,  clxi. 
143 ;  irritated  by  his  sister  Gormflaith, 
clxii.  143 ;  qaarrels  with  Murchadh,  s. 
of  Brian,  clxiii.  145;  organizes  a  rebel- 
lion  against  Brian,  clxiv.  147 ;  his  pedi- 
gree, clxiii.  n.  * ;  he,  with  Sitric,  s.  of 
Olaf  Cuaran,  defeats  Malachy,  clxvi. 
149;  with  the  Leinstermen  and  Danes 
plunders  Meath,  i6. ;  gathers  auxilia- 
ri es  from  Leinster  against  Brian,  clxvii. 
clxx.  n.  \  1 53 ;  leader  of  the  Ui  Cenn- 
selaigh  at  Clontarf,  clzxiy.  165  ;  his 
battalions  within  Dublin  before  the 
battle  of  Clontarf,  clxx.  u.  i;  his  single 
combat  with  Conaing,  clxxx.  185;  slain, 
cxci.  n.  209. 

Maelmuadh  (pron.  MoUoj),  s.  of  Bran,  K. 
of  Desmond,  joins  the  Danes  against 
the  Dal-Cais,  cxvii.  75 ;  gives  hostages  ' 
to  Mathgamhain,  cxxiv.  83 ;  conspires 
against  him,  cxxv.  cxxri.  85-87;  mo- 
tives  of  the  conspirators,  cxxv. ;  his 
poetical  exhortation  to  the  Danes  to  re- 
Tolt,  cxxyii.  87 ;  Mathgamhain  delivered 
up  to  him,  cxxix.  89;  orders  Mathgam- 
hain to  be  slain,  i6. ;  cursed  by  the 
clergy,  cxxxiii.  93;  the  words  of  the 
curse  in  poetry,  93 ;  fulfilment  of  the 
anathema,  1*6.;  loses  his  eyes,  t6. ;  Brian 
formally  proclaims  war  against  him, 
cxxxvi.  103;  his  death  in  the  battle 
of  Belach  Lechta,  cxxxvi.  107 ;  fami- 
lies  descended  from  him,  cxxxiii.  n.^; 
called  K.  of  Munster,  cxxxviii. ;  not 
slain  by  Murchadh,  cxxxviii.  n.  >;  said 
to  have  been  slain  by  Aodh  Gebennacb, 
cxxxix.  93;  the  two  accounts  of  his 
death  reconcilable,  cxxxix ;  his  genea^ 
logy,  Tab.  IIL  248. 


Maelmoire,  8.  of  Ainbith,  K,  of  Mngh- 
dhom,  slain,  xci.  n.  >.  37. 

Maelmuire,  s.  of  Eochaidh,  comharba  of 
Fatrick,  clxxxix.  n.  \  203 ;  date  of  his 
death,  ib, 

Maelruanaidh,  s.  of  Muirghis,  K.  of 
MuinnterMaelruanaidh,clxxrL  n.'.  169. 

Maelruanaigh  0-hEidhin  (or  O'Heyne), 
commanded  the  battalion  of  Connaught 
at  Clontarf,  clxxvi.  n. '.  169;  called 
Maelruanaigh  na  Faidre,  clxxvi.  n.  *. 

Maelsechlainn,  s.  of  Maelruanaidh  (or 
Malachy  L),  K.  of  Meath,  afterwards  of 
Ireland,  5 ;  drowns  Turgesius,  xliii.  11. 
Iii.  15.  227  ;  defeats  the  Danes,  Ixix.  21. 
23 ;  date  of  his  death,  Ixix.  n.  *.  Ixxviii. 
n.  29,  n.  d.  230 ;  hia  daur.  Maelfebhail, 
her  death,  Ixxviii.  n.  233,  n.;  could  not 
have  had  warfare  with  Brian's  grand- 
father,  cxii.  n.9. 

Maelsechlainn,  s.  of  Domhnall  (Malachy 
IL),  K.  of  Ireland,  xcix. ;  defeats  the 
Danes  at  Tara,  c.  47 ;  besieges  Dublin, 
ci.;  could  not  have  been  at  war  with 
Lorcan,  Brian's  grandfather,  cxii.  n.  *; 
defeats  Domhnall  Claon  and  Ivar  of 
Waterford,  cxlii.  n.  ^;  plunders  Con- 
naught, ib. ;  defeats  the  Danes  of  Dub- 
lin, i6. ;  gains  a  victory  in  Thomond, 
ib.;  invades  Connaught,  and  repulses 
Brian,  ib.;  plunders  Nenagh,  and  defeats 
Brian, i6.;  attacks  Dublin, and carrlesofif 
the  ring  of  Tomar  and  sword  of  Carlds, 
ib.;  makes  peacewith  Brian  at  PleinPat- 
toigi,  and  is  acknowledged  E.  of  Leth 
Cuinn,  cxlii.  109 ;  present  at  battle 
of  Glenmama.  cxliv.  n.  i ;  repels  the  at- 
tack  upon  Meath  by  the  O'Neill  and 
their  allies,  clxv.  149;  his  grandson, 
Domlmall,  and  others  slain,  ib. ;  defeats 
and  slays  Ualgarg  O'Ciardha,  Tadhg 
O'Cearnachain,  and  others,  ib. ;  is  him- 
seif  defeated  at  Howth,  and  his  s.  Alba- 
nach  with  others  slain,  clxv.  149.  n. ; 
his  mother,  Donnflaith,  marr.  Olaf  Cua- 
ran, cxlix.  n.;  he  marr.  Gormflaith,  Olaf 
Cuaran^s  widow,  ib. ;  he  marr.  Mael- 
muire, daur.  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  ib. ;  viola- 


a84 


INDIX 


tion  by  Bmn  of  his  treaty  with  Ma- 
lachj,  cxlix.  ci. ;  aitempt  to  throw  tbe 
blame  of  violating  the  treaty  on  M»- 
lachy,  cxUz.  n.  ^;  obtains  a  trace  £rom 
Brian,  to  assemble  the  northem  Ui 
Neill,  cL  119;  aeeks  aid  from  the  north- 
em chieftains  and  from  Connaught,  cli. 
121 ;  visits  Aodh  O'Ncill  in  person,  and 
offers  to  resign  his  crown,  cliii.  127;  the 
tribe  refnse,  except  on  condition  of  a 
Burrender  of  half  his  lands,  cilii.  131;  he 
submits  to  Brian,  ib.;  Brian  grants  a 
truce  for  a  year,  cliv.  131;  offers  a  gift 
of  twelve  score  steeds,  which  Malachj*B 
foUowers  refuse,  and  they  are  given  to 
Murchadhf  Brian 's  s.,  cliv.  132,  n.  K 
133;  date  of  Malachy*8  abdication,  cliv. 
clv.;  (ţivcs  hostages  to  Brian  at  Athlone 
cIy.  133;  built  bridges  at  Athlone  and 
Athliag,  clix.  n.  ^;  accusation  of  treach- 
ery  made  against  him,  clxxi,  n.  i;  dis- 
believed  by  the  Four  M.,  ib.;  his  sup- 
posed  dcscription  of  the  battle  of  Clon- 
tarf,  181,  sg. ;  the  same  from  the  Brussels 
MS.f  2dO,  sg.;  cuts  off  the  remains  of 
the  army  of  Leinster  after  the  battle  of 
Clontarf,  cIxxxIy.  n.  i;  burns  the  for- 
tress  of  Dublin,  and  invades  Leinster, 
cxcTi;  restored  to  the  soyereignty  of 
Ireland,  cxcviL 

Mag-Aedha  (Magee),  a  branch  of  the 
Muinntir  T^amann,  cxiy.  n. 

Idagee.    See  Mag-Aedha. 

Magh  Adhair,  cxiii  67 ;  the  plain  where 
the  chleftain  of  the  Dai- Cais  was  inau- 
gurated,  cxiiL  n.  ^ ;  the  tree  of,  uprooted 
by  Malachy  II.,  ib. ;  first  identified  by 
Dr.  O'Donoran,  ib. ;  Dr.  O'Conor's  mis- 
translation  of  the  name,  ib. ;  origin  of 
the  name,  ib. ;  the  aUnsion  in  **a  game  of 
cbess  on  Magh  Adhair,'*  ib. 

Magh-Ailbhe,  107;  situation  of,  cxL  n.^. 

Magh  Bile  (or  MoyiUa),  oo.  Down,  bnmed 
by  the  '^Gentiles,''  xxxyiii.  222. 

Magh-Bregh,  or  Bregia,  xxxii.  n.  clii. 
n.  s.  121.  123 ;  plundered  by  the  Dublin 
fleet,  13.  226 ;  boundaries  and  âtuatlon 
off  1.  n. 


MaghCbloinne  GeaIlaigh(oTM«gfaDnieli- 

tain),  a  district  in  Leiz,  excir.  Slji. 
Magh  Conaille,  Bituation  of^  xxxix.  (See 

Conaille  Muirtheimhne). 
Magh  Drochtain.    See  Magh  Chioiime 

Ceallaigh. 
Magh  Elta,  or  Clontarf,  battle  of,  cxIt. 

n.  U  1 15 ;  situation  of  plain  of,  djExi 

n.«, 
Magh   Fâil,  poetical  name  of  Ireluâ, 

cxxxiy.  n.  >.  97. 
Magh   Gerrginn   (Mair,    in    ScoHand), 

clxxYiii.  n. ». 
Magh  Lena,  now  Kilbride,  zxriiL  a.; 

battle  of,  ib. 
Magh  Morgain  (?  Morgana,  co.  lâmerk^), 

cxxxiy.  n. '. 
Magh-nAi,  or  Machaire  Gonnacht,  196; 

its  extent,  dyii.  n.  '. 
Magh-n£alta.    See  Magh  Ealta. 
Magh-nEine  (now  Moy,  in  Donegal),  clyiL 

n. ».  136. 
Magh-n£lda  (a  mistake  for  Magh  n£alto> 

155. 
Magh-Bath,  battle  of,  xxriii.  d.1;  czlr. 

n. »-  115. 
Magh  Bechet.    See  Bechet. 
Magh  Boighne,  in  Ossory,  gt.  n.  K  274,  n.  *; 

Danes  of  Limerick,  encamped  there,  ik  ; 

Godfrey  of  Dublin  attacks  them,  A, 
Magnus,  son  of  Anmchadh,  K.  of  Ui  Lia- 

thain,  clxxyL  167  ;  slain,  excL  209,  n. 

See  Manus. 
Magnus  Berna,  81 . 

Magnus  Haroldson,  K  of  Mas,  272.No.  (5). 
Mahoun.    See  Mathgamhidn. 
Maicne,  the  three,  their  descent  and 

cix.  n.  •. 


Mâine  Leamhna,  s.  of  Conall  Corc  (i 

tor  of  the  family  of  Stewart  or  Stsait), 

clxxyiil.  n.  ^. 
Mainister  Buite  (Monasterboice),  phm- 

dered,  bd.  n.  19. 
Mainwar  (now  cormptly  Han  of 

townland  ot,  cxUt.  n.  *. 
Mairtine.    See  Maitink 
Malachy.    See  Maelseachlainn. 
MaUa  (now  Mallow),  cxxxyiii.  n.  K 


INDEX. 


385 


Man,  Isle  of.,  8ee  Manann. 

Manann  (Isle  of  Man),  Foreigners  from, 
join  against  Brian,  cbcviii.  n.  i.  153 ;  an 
annj  from,  arrives  at  Dublin,  clxz.  n.  ^; 
inyaded  by  Gentiles,  xxxv. 

Manus  (or  Magnue),  of  Limerick,  slain  at 
Sulchoit,  79. 

Maolmordha.    See  Maelmordha. 

Maolmuadh  (or  MoUoy),  K.  of  Desmond, 
genealogy  of,  248. 

Marr,  in  Scotland,  clxxyiii.  n.  ^ ;  Domh- 
nall,  8.  of  Eimhin,  steward  of,  slain, 
cxci.  n,  211. 

Marriage  alliances  between  the  Irîsh  and 
tbe  Danes,  cxlviii.  n.  *. 

Marstein,  '*a  K.  of  Ireland,'*  slain  hy 
Bagnar  Lodbrok,  mentioned  in  Ix>dbro- 
kar  Quida,  Iv.  u.  i. 

Martini  (Mairtinc  or  Muirtine),  a  tribe  of 
theBelgss  orFirbolgSjXlii.  n.*.  li.  15. 227. 

Mathgamhain,8.of  Cenneidigh,  E.  of  Man- 
ster,  5 ;  pronounced  Mahoun,  xvii.  n. ; 
plunders  Inis  Sibhtonn,  ev.  n.  ^ ;  makes 
a  truce  vith  the  Foreigners,  cx.  59;  his 
poetical  lament  with  Brian,  cxi.  63 ;  re- 
proaclied  by  Brian  for  his  tmcc  vith  the 
Foreigners,  cxii.  65;  his  poetical  dialogue 
with  Brian  on  the  battle  of  Sulchoit, 
cxx.  77  ;  his  pedigree,  cix.  59.  247  ;  his 
victories  in  Munster,  cxxiii.  83;  gave 
seven  defeats  to  the  Foreigners,  cxxiv. 
83 ;  bumed  Limerick  twice,  cxxiv.  85  ; 
date  of  second  borning,  cxxv.  n. ;  "  went 
to  Cashel,"  t.e.  became  K.  of  Munster, 
cxtI.  7 1 ;  date  of  his  accession,  cxyi.  n.  s ; 
a  second  poetical  dialogue  between  him 
and  Brian  on  the  battle  of  Sulchoit, 
cxxi.  81 ;  takes  hosta^esfrom  thechief- 
tains  of  Munster,  cxxiv.  83 ;  undisputed 
K.  of  Munster  for  six  years,  cxxy.  85 ; 
conspiracy  formed  against  him,  cxxr. 
85-87 ;  Ms  murder,  cxxviii.  87.  88;  two 
difierent  accounts  of  it,  cxxviii.  cxxix. 
87.  91 ;  discrepancies  of  the  two  ac- 
counts, cxxx.;  Brian's  elegy  on  bis 
death,  cxxxi  89 ;  his  grave,  cxxx.  n.  >; 
date  of  his  murder,  cxxxi.  n.  ^ ;  the 
flnes  demanded  for  his  murder,  cxxxiii. 


96  i  poetical  demm»)  made  for  t)iein  bj 
the  clergy,  ib, ;  his  four  victories  over 
the  Gaill  of  61en-Datha^  cxxxiv.  95; 
elegy  on  him  by  his  blin4  bard,  cxxxîţ. 
97-100. 

Meagher.    See  Cinel-Mechair. 

Meath,  partition  of,  by  Aedh  Oimidhe, 
Ixx.  n.  3. 

Meath-men,  accused  oftreachery  towards 
Brian,  clxx.  clxxii.  n.  ^  clxxvii  155. 
169.    See  Midhe. 

Medraighe.    See  Ath  Cliath  Medraighe. 

Melbricus.    See  Maelbrighte. 

Memoirs  of  counties  by  the  Ordnance 
SurveyoflrelandjCcii. ;  undertbesuper- 
intendence  of  George  Petrie,  cciii.  cciv. 

Merganstown,  cxlv.  n. 

Michael  the  Archangel,  practice  of  dedi- 
cating  rocks  to,  xxxviii.  n.  K 

Midhe  (Meath),  plundered  by  Tnrgesius, 
13,  226:  by  Danes,  ţviii.  17.  228;  by 
Leinstermen,  clxvi. ;  by  the  Dublin 
fleet,  25. 

Milid  Buu  C'  the  Knight  Buu  "?),  a  Daniah 
leader,  xcv.  n.  i.  41. 

Mochuda  (St.  Carthach),  miracles  of, 
Ixxxvii.  n.  7 ;  his  original  name  Cuda, 
ib. 

Mogh  Nuadhat,  x.  n. 

Moinavantri,  cxlvi.  n. 

Moina vodh,  in  Tubber,  cxlvi.  n. 

Moira.    See  Magh  Batb. 

Moling  Luachra  (St.)    See  Tech  Moliqg. 

MoUoy.    See  Maolmuadh. 

Momera,  courtship  of,  xxviii  n.  i. 

Monasterboice.    See  Mainister  Buite. 

Moore,  Thomas,  bis  error  regarding  the 
island  Muc-inis-Biagail,  xxxiii.  n.  > ; 
his  account  of  a  palace  at  Tara,  bumt 
by  Brian,  ci.  n.  ^ ;  hismistake  as  to  the 
motives  of  Domhnall  Mac  Duvdavoren, 
cxciv.  n. ;  his  poem  on  the  Dalcassian 
wounded,  cxcv.  n.  ' ;  his  error  as  to  the 
age  of  Tighernach,  cxcvii.  n.  *. 

Mor,  first  wife  of  Brian  (daur.  of  Eidhin, 
K.  of  Hy  Fiachrach  Aldhne),  dxiii.  n.  *. 
clxxvi.  n.  * ;  her  three  sons  by  Brian,  ib. 

Morett.    See  Rechet. 


336 


INDEX. 


M6r  Galenga  (now  Morgallion,  in  Meath), 

clxT.  n. «. 
MorgalUon.    See  Galenga. 
Morgans.     See  Magh  Morgain. 
Mor-Maor,  Thane,  or  Steward,  Ixxxyi. 

clxzviii.  n.  *. 
Mothla,s.  of  Domhnallf  K.  of  the  Deise,  or 

Decies,  of  Waterford,  clxxvi.  167. 
Mothla,  8.  of  Faelan,  K.  of  the  Deifii,  slain, 

cxci.  209.  n. 
Movilla.     See  Magh-Bile. 
Moygoish.     See  Ua  Mic  Uais. 
Muynalvey  (not  Magh-n-Ailbhi),  in  Lein- 

ster,  cxl.  n.  *. 
Muchdaigbren,  8.  of  Keachtabrat,  8mo- 

thered,  Ixxi.  23.  231. 
Muc-inis-Riaghail,  plundercd,  xxxiii.  n.  s. 

xciv.  D.  \  39.     See  Arascach. 
Mugdhoro,  or  Mugomn  (now  Cremome, 

in  Monaghan),  xci.  n.  K 
Mughron,  s.  of  Cennedigh,  K.  of  Leiz,  81, 

at  Cenn  Euait,  xc.  n.  35. 
Moine  Broccaln,  battle  of,  xctî.  43. 
Muinntir   Domhnaill  (or  O'DonnelIs  of 

Clare)f  clxxvi.  n. ».  ct.  n.^.  103. 
Muinntir  Iffemaint  tribe  name   of  the 

family  of  O'Quin,  clxxri.  n.  K 
Muinntir  Maelruanaidh,  Maelruanaidh, 

K.  of,  clxxvi.  n.  ^  169. 
Muinntir  Tlamann,  or  Cinei  Tlamann,  67 ; 

situation  and  pedigree  of  the  tribe,  cxiv. 

n.  ^ ;  two  branches  of,  ib. 
Muircheartach  (s.  of  Domhnall),  heir  of 

Tara  and  Ireland,  elain,  xcix.  45. 
Muircheartach  (0*Neill),  s.  of  Domhnall, 

K.  of  Ireland,  clxiv.  n.  ^, 
Muircheartach   of  the  Leather  cloaks, 

8tory  of  hia  daur.  MaeIkorka,265  No.  (9) ; 

slain,  43,  i6.  n.  * ;  only  mention  of  in 

thÎB  work,  xcvii.  n.  ^ ;  called  Muircher- 

tach  '^  of  the  red  prowe88,**  cUi.  n. '.  1 25. 
Muireadach,  s.  of  Bian,  K.  of  Ui-Ceinnse- 

laigh,  slain,  c.  n.  i.  47. 
Mulrghius  (Morris),  s.  of  Conchobhalr, 

heir  of  Connacht,  slain,  cxlL 
MuirghiuB,  8.  of  Ruaidhri,  slain,  cxli.  n.  '. 

109. 
Muirtine.    See  Martini. 


Mmsire-na-Monamoire  (Mnahera  moan- 
tain),  cxxx.  n.  K  cxxxriii  n.  *. 

Mullaghmast.    See  Rath  Maisten. 

Multjfamham,  a  copj  of  the  present  work 
transcribed  at,  xiv.  xy. ;  the  abbej  of, 
stil!  inhabited  by  friars,  xr.  n.  See 
Băile  Tighe  Farannain. 

Mumha  Medhonach  (men  of  middle  Mnn- 
ster),  Danes  defcated  bj,  Ix.  1 9. 

Mumhain.     See  Munster. 

Munch,  P.  A.,opinion  of,  regarding  the 
time  of  Turgesius,  Iii.  n. '. 

Mungairit  (now  Mungret,  co.  LimerickX 
plundered,  xl.  7.  224. 

Munna's(8t.)  house.    See  Tech  Mnnna. 

Munster  (Mumhain),  eighteen  kings  of, 
during  the  Danish  wars,  3 ;  chronology 
and  genealogy  of  the  kings  of,  233,  sg.  ; 
the  alternate  law  of  successiun  a  cause 
of  confusion  in  the  lists  of,  2S6 ;  list  of, 
in  book  of  Leinster,  compared  with  Ust 
în  the  present  work,  237.  238;  book  of 
battles  of,  xxi.  n. ;  probably  the  same 
as  Leabhar  Oiris,  ib. ;  menof,how  di»tin<- 
guisbed  firom  men  of  Erinn,  Ixxiii. ;  plun- 
dered bj  the  Waterford  Danes,  Ixxxr. 
31.  234;  bj  Baraid,  25 ;  by  Haconn  and 
Cossanara,  27 ;  raraged  by  Tamar  Btlac 
Elgi,  xdv.  39;   by  the  sons  of  Itht, 
ciii.  49 ;  Ona  Scolph  and  Tomar  slain 
by  the  men  of  Munster,  23;  kings  of, 
who  succeeded  Mathgamhain  to  ▲.d. 
1 168,  cxxvii.  n. 

Muraill  (or  Smurall),  Ixxvii.  n.  *.  29.  S33. 

Murchadh,  eldest  s.  of  Brian,  clxxil.  n.  ^ ; 
challenges  Maelmuadh  to  single  com- 
bat, cxxx  vii.  105;  ravages  Leinster. 
clxYi.  151 ;  in  oomniand  of  the  Dai- 
Cais  at  Clontarf,  clxxv. ;  his  position 
at  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  clxxvii.  169; 
his  exploits  at  the  battle,  dxxziiL 
189;  slays  £arl  Sigord,  dzxxr. 
195.  256;  his  single  combat  with  the 
8.  of  Ebric,  or  Elbric,  clxxxr.  195.  3â9; 
his  death,  dxzxvi.  197.  260;  in  the 
list  of  slain  at  Clontarf;  cxci.  n. 
209;  his  presence  at  Clontarf  not 
mentioned  in  Njala,  clxxv.  n.^; 


INDEX. 


337 


death  foretold  by  0*Hartigan,  clxxTîii. 

n.  ^  173;  panegTric  on,  clxxxii.  187; 

his  delay  in  ineeting  his  father  loies 

him   thc  throne,  clzzxyiiL  n.  ';  this 

storj  an  evidence  of  the  age  of  the 

present  work,  i6. 
Mnrchadh  Glonfrilar^hisBon  8lain,c.  n.  ^.  47 . 
Muscraighe  (Muskerry),  join  tbeDalcaiB, 

cxv.  71 ;  derivation  of  the  name,  cxt. 

n.  *;  their  territorjr,  ib,;  plundered, 

Izzxiy.  n.  *.  31. 
Muscraighe  Breoghain,  23 ;  sitoation  of, 

Ixxi.  n. '. 
Mnshera  Monntain.    See  Muisire. 
Muskerrjr,  or  Muscraidhe,  the  territories 

80  named,  Izxi.  n.    See  Muscraighe. 
Mynthah,  a  miztore  of  meal  aud  butter, 

297. 

NagnatsB,  whence  derived,  clii.  n.  K 
KeimeD,  meaning  of  the  word,  41.  n. 
Nenniusi  his  story  of  Heog^st's  treacher- 

ous  banquet  to  Vortigem,  xliv.  n.  2. 
Nessan  (St),  patron  of  Mungret,  czxxiy. 

n.8  97. 
Niall  Caille,  s.  of  Aedh  Oimidhe,  E.  I. 

5 ;  drowned  in  the  Rirer  CaiUe,  xliii.  n. 

15.  227;  submits  to  Eeidhlimidh,  Kof 

Cashel,  xUt.  ;  his  daur.*s  verses  on  the 

death  of  her  son  Flann,  E.  of  Bregia,  33. 
Kiall,  grandson  of  Canannan,  of  Cinei 

Conaill,  slain,  c.  47. 
Niall,  8.  of  Cennfaeladh,  zii.  9. 
Niall  Glundubh,  E.  I.  5 ;  slain  at  Eil- 

moshogue,  xc:  35. 
Niall,  or  Nigellus,  br.  of  Sitric,  of  Nor- 

thumbria,  a  mistake,  277 ;  really  Niall 

Glunubh,  ib. 
Njal-Saga,  acoount  there  given  of  the 

organization    against   Brian,    clxTiii. ; 

acoount  of  the  battle  of  Clontarf  in, 

clxxT. ;  differs  ftom  the  Irish  accounts, 

ib,;  its  acoount  of  Brian*8  death,  clxxxvL 

n. «.  n.  3. 
Norsemen,  not  affected  by  the  battle  of 

Clontarf^  cxcTiii. 
Northumberland,  devastated  by  the  hea- 

then,  xxxiy.  n.;    Scandinarian  Eings 


of,  Eings   of  Dublin   also,  1t.   n.  s; 

descendants  of  Ragnar  Lodbrok,  Ivi. ; 

lyar  (Beinlaus),  E.  of,  Ixxix. 
Norway,  called  Lochlann,  xxxi. ;   called 

Hirotha,or  Irruaith,  by  the  Irish,  xxxiv. 

n. 
Norwegiaus,  defeat  the  Danes,   IxTiii. ; 

defeated  by  the  Danes  at  Carlîngford, 

Ixiii. ;  defeated  by  the  Danes  at  Linn 

Duachaill,  Ixii. ;  called  <*White  Gen- 

tiles"  by  the  Irish,  cir. ;  hated  by  the 

Irish,  Ixir.  n.  '. 
Nose-tax,  51 ;  nature  of,  ciiL  n.  ^. 

0*Beolan,  erenachs  of  Drumdiffe  and  of 
Applecross  in  Scotland,  cxxy.  n. 

0*Brien,  Dr.  J.,  titular  Bishop  of  Cloyne, 
his  opinion  on  the  meaning  of  the  term 
Lochlann,  xxxi.  n.  S;  his  tract  on  Tan- 
istry,  236,  n. ;  Dublin  Annals  of  Inis- 
fallen  compiled  by  him  and  Ber.  J. 
Conry,  clxxxvi.  n.  K  240,  n.  K 

O'Byme.    See  Ui  Brain. 

O'Bymes,  descent  of  the  family  o^  cxcyiil. 
n.  1. 

0*Cannannain  (Ruaidhri),  E.  of  Tircon- 
nell,  his  history  and  race,  zcvi.  n.  ' ; 
slain,  xcvi.  43. 

O'Cassidy.    See  GiUa  Moduda. 

O'Ceamachain,  Tadhg,  sub-E.  of  Brefhi, 
slain,  dxT.  149. 

O'Ciardha  (Ualgarg)  E.  of  Cairbre  O'Ci- 
ardha,  clxiy.  147;  plunders  Galenga, 
clxy.  147;  slain  by  Malachy,  dxy.  149. ; 
family  of  (now  Eeary  or  Carey),  cbdv. 

Oclan,  cxxy  ii.  n.  h  87. 

O'Clery,  Friar  Michael,  commonly  called 
Tadhg  an  tsleibhe,  his  transcript  of 
the  present  work,  xiy.  xy. ;  liberties 
taken  by  him  in  transcribing  it,  xyi. 

O'Colgan,  a  branch  of  the  CianachtaBregh, 
Ixyii.  n.    See  Ui  Colgain. 

O'Concannon,  Domhnall,  chief  of  Ui 
Diarmada,  dxxyii.  n. 

O'Conchearta  of  Lig-gnathaile  in  Corann, 
XX.  n.  K 

0*Connor-Faly,  descent  of»  clxiii.  n.  K 

Z 


388 


IKDEX. 


O'Connor-Kerry.    8ee  Mac  Beatha. 

O'Conor,  Bev.  Dr.,  error  of,  regaiding  the 
flrst  arriTal  of  Scandinavians  in  Ire- 
land,  zzxU.  n. ;  remarksof,  on  tbeirîsh 
Clan  system,  cxU.  n.  ^ ;  attribates  the 
present  work  to  Mac  Liag,  xz. 

Octavian,  Primate,  Begister  of,  zi.  n.  a. 

O^Corry,  Eugene,  his  deacription  of  the 
Book  of  Leinster,  x.  n. ;  MS.  of  the  pre- 
sent vork  discovered  by,  xiii. ;  qnotes  a 
poem  on  AiciU,  daur.  of  Cairbre  Kiafer, 
ctxtIîi.  n.  9;  edited  battle  of  Magb  Lena 
and  conrtship  of  Momera,  zzyiii.  n. ; 
his  account  of  spurioiu  prophedes, 
czzyii.  n. ;  assistanoe  given  to  editor 
bjT,  cciv. 

O'Daljr»  Cuconnacht,  Book  of,  zir.  zy. ; 
blB  genealogy,  zy.  n. 

0*J>onnabhalnn  (or  O'Donovan),  gene- 
alogy  of^  249.    See  Donoran. 

O'DonnellB,  of  Clare.  SeeMuinntirDomh- 
naill. 

O'Donnell,  of  Corcabhaifldnn,  cy.  n.  K 
103.    See  Ui  Domhnaill. 

O^Donoghne  (Ui  Donnchadha),  Donn- 
chadh,  ancestor  of  the  Monster  Jhmily 
ot,  czciii.  n«  K 

0*DonoTan  (John),  hia  ed.  of  the  Fonr 
Maştera  and  other  publications,  cdr.  n. ; 
asaistance  giyen  to  editor  by,  ccv. 

ODriacolL    See  Ui  Eidiracoil. 

Oduinn  (Andunn  ?),  zcv.  n.  K  41. 

O'Ferghail  (OTarrell),  Domhnall,  dzziz. 

n.1. 
OTerghail  (O'FaxreU),  Gillarnarnaemh, 

clzzii.  n.9.  157. 
OTlaherty,  Bod.  hia  opinion  on  the  term 
Gall-Gaedhela,  zzx.  n. ;  hia  chronology 
of  the  Scandinayian  invasiona,  zzzr. 
Ogan,    aon  of   fichtigem,   ancestor  of 
0*Hogan,  czzzviiL  n.  K  105 ;  hia  ge- 
nealogy,  czzztU.  n. 
O'Grady  (Staudiah  H.)»  on  Fenian  litera- 
turo, clzzzii.  n. '. 
O^hAenghuaa  (Henneaay),  chief  ai  6a- 

lenga^beaga,  dzy.  n. '. 
0*Hartigan  (Cinaed),  hia  poem  on  Aicîll, 

^     daur.  of  Cairbre  Niafer,  cziii  n. '. 


0*Hartigan  (Dnnlang),  ^iaode  of,    an 

interpolation,  clzzriiL  n. '.  171 ;  hia  in- 

tercourae  with  âuriea,  dzzriii.  n.  ^  173; 

spoken  of  aa  himaelf  a  fiuiy,  dzzix.  n. ; 

foretella  the  fate  of  Bxian  and  hia  aons 

at  Clontarf,  ib.  173 ;  his  combat  with 

Gomabliteoc,  dzzz.  183. 
0-hEidhin  (or  O'Heyne),  deseenfe  of  the 

family,  cbdiL  n.  *. 
0*Heney.    See  Ui.Enna. 
O'hErmIbh,  or  O'Herulf  (Henolfr),  £uiiily 

otf  Daniah,  dzzir.  n.  '• 
O'Heyne.  SeeO'hEidhinandUahEidhiiL 
0*Hogan.    See  Ogan. 
Ohter.    See  Oiter  Dubh. 
Oibert,  zer.  n.  i.  41. 
Oilfin.    See  Onphile,  Eari. 
Oilioll  Olum,  first  K.  of  Monater  of  the 

race  of  Heber,  235 ;  hia  will«  criiL  i&.; 

table  of  the  three  great  tiibes  descended 

from  him,  236.  n. 
Oirghiall  (Oriei),  eztent  oi;  zd.  n. ',    to 

AirghialL 
Oisill,  a.  of  iTar  Olrar,  slain,  czci.  b. 

207. 
Oisle.    SeeOaîlL 
Oiali,  a.  of  theK.ofIiOcblaim,23].    See 

Oaaill,  23,  n.  i». 
Oiatin  (£;yatein,  or  Thoratein),  a.  of  Am- 

Uff  the  White,  alain,  har.  n. 
Oiter  Dubh  (Ottar  the  Black),  landa  at 

Waterford,  zciv.  39.  41 ;  alain,  cxd. 

n.  207. 
0*Keamey  (Nich.),  hia  introd.  to  theFcla 

Tighe  Chonain,  dzziz.  n.  ^;  aoooont 

of  the  battle  of  Clontarf  quoted  bj, 

dzzriii,  n.^ 
O'Eelly,  of  Leiz  (Qneen'a  co.),czcrr.  n.  K 

See  Ua  Cellaig^. 
Olaf  Cenncairech,  of  limerii^  275. 261  ; 

posaibly  the  same  as  Cusllaidh,  u  of 

iTar,  ciiL  n.  K 
Olaf  Cuaran  (Kuaran,  Knmm,  Qoanai), 
meaning  of  the  name,  cL  n.  ^ ;  K.  of 

Dublin,  zcri.  n.  * ;  days  the  two  heiii 
of  Ireland,  zdz.  n.  '.45,  n.  ^;  muneâ 
todaor.  of  Constantine  HI.,  281;  m»- 
ried  toOonnflaitb,8i8te]^  of  Mtthnoriha, 


INDEX. 


339 


K.  of  Leifister,  czltiiL  n.' ;  inarried  to 
Bonnflaitfa,  danr.  of  Mnircheartach 
Leather  Cloaks,  and  widow  of  Oomhnall, 
K.  of  Ireland,  czlix.  n. ;  bis  genealogy, 
S78;  his  history,  280.  N^-  (5);  romantic 
Btory  of  him  at  the  battle  of  Bninan- 
btirh,  282,  n.  ^ ;  same  as  Olaf  Sitricson, 
280;  called  RoAis  in  Egiis-saga,  260, 
n.  1.    See  Amlaff,  son  of  Sitric. 

Olaf,  8.  of  Godfrejr,  xcrii. ;  confounded  with 
Olaf  Sitricflon,  or  Olaf  Cuaran,  280.  sq. 
See  Amlair,  s.  of  Godfrey. 

Olaf  Huiţi  (*«the  White'O»  K-  of  Dublin, 
Izx. ;  Tarious  forma  of  tbe  name,  ib.n.i\ 
account  giren  of  him  in  Landnamabok, 
Izx.  n.    See  Amlaf  HuitL 

Olaf  Lagmund.    See  Amlaf  Lagmund. 

Olaf  Paa  (or  Peacock),  265.  N^-  (9). 

Olaf  the  Red  (same  as  Olaf  Cuaran),  a 
Dane  by  bis  mother's  side,  276. 

Olaf  tbe  Saint,  bis  mode  of  propagating 
Christianity,  cxcix.  n.'. 

Olaf  Tryggresflon,  married  Gyda,  sister  of 
Olaf  Cuaran,  ci.  n.  ^.  287 ;  compels  Earl 
Sigurd  to  be  baptized,  clxzxy.  n.  i. 

Olaf  TryggveBonars  Saga,  quoted,  Ixziz. 
n. ». 

OXatean,  family  of,  xxr.  197 ;  now  dis- 
persed  undcr  tbe  name  of  Ladden, 
clzxzvi.n.3;  tbenameaninteipolation, 
ib. 

Olcbobhar,  8.  of  Cinaedh,  E.  of  Munster, 
3.  21;  defeats  the  Danes  at  Sciatb 
Nechtain,  brii.  21 ;  and  at  Dtm  Mael, 
or  Dunmaeltuli,  Lzriii.  21.  230;  demo- 
lisbed  Tulacb-na-rigbna,  bnriii.  21. 

0*Leocbain  (Senan),  chief  of  Galenga, 
dain,  clzv.  n.  *. 

0*Liag.    See  Mac  Liag. 

Olnegmacht,  a  name  for  Connaught,  dii. 
n  \  123. 

0*IiOchan  (Cuan),  cblef  poet  of  Ireland, 
xxT.  n.  '• 

Oliocblainn.    See  Mac  Lochlainn. 

Olyer,  put  to  deatb  by  St.  Olare  for 
holding  a  Fagan  feast,  ce.  n. 

0*Mahony  (Ui  Matbgamhna),  descent  of 
the  family,  cxzyi  n.  >• 


O'Mahony  (John),  on  the  meaning  of  the 

term  Lochlann,  zxxi.  n. ' ;  his  tranela- 

tion  of  Eeating's  bistory  of  Ireland, 

cciy. 
Omellode,  or  Omtdled,  rural  deaneiy  of, 

cx.  n.  K 
O'Muireadhaigh  (Murray),  a  branch  of 

Muintir  Tlamann,  cx.  n.  \ 
Omulled.     See  Omellode  and  Ui-mBloit. 
Omurethi,  anglicized  name  of  Ui  Muir- 

eadhaigh,  clxii.  n.  *.  ^ 

0*Murray.    See  Ui-Muireadhaigh. 
Ona,  a  Scandinayian  chieftahi,  Ixxi.  23. 

231. 
O'Neill,  by  whom  first  assumed  as  a  sur- 

name,  242,  n.  ^. 
O'Neill,  the  Korthem,  in  alliance  with 

Malacfay,  attack  Dublin,  cxctL 
O^NeilL     See  Flaithbhertach.    See  Muir- 

chertach. 
O'Neill.     See  Ui  Neill. 
O  nEnechlais  (barony  of  Arklow),  xc.  n.86. 
Onphile  (Oilfin,  or  Half-dane),  Earl,  slain 

at  Roscrea,  lyiL  15.  227. 
Oppression  of  the  Irish,  51. 
O'Quin,  Niall,  slain,  cxci.  n»  209. 
O'Quin.    See  Ui  Cuinn. 
Orc  Islands,  clxyiii.  n.  i.  153. 
Ordnance  Surrey  of  Irekmd,  its  benefits 

to  Irish  bistory,  cciil. 
0*ReiIly,  makes  no  mention  of  the  present 

work  among  Mac  Liag's  writings,  xxi. 
CRiagain  (Matbgamhain),  E.  of  Bregia, 

takes  Olaf;  s.  of  Sitric  of  Waterford, 

prisoner,  295;  exacts  as  part  ransom 

the  sword  of  Carlus,  ib* 
OrieL    See  Airghiall. 
Orkney  Islands,  tbe  armies  oţ  ani^e  at 

Dublin,  clxx.  n.  \  153. 
Orla-saile.    Read  Cell-uasaille,  7. 
O'Rourke  (Eergal),  beheaded  Dunlaing  of 

the  Liffey  at  Clontarf,  XTiil  177;  not 

mentioned  by  the  Annals,  xviii.   n.; 

said  to  bare  been  in  the  left  ving  at 

Clontarf,  clxxyii.  169;  could  not  bavo 

been  at  Clontarf,  clxxix. 
O'Rourke  (Tigheman),  elopement  of  the 

wife  of,  cxcYiii.  n.  K 

z  2 


340 


INDEX. 


O'Rourke,  or  O  Ruairc.    See  Ua  Ruairc 

and  0*Raairc. 
Orthography,  Irish,  examples  of  its  un- 

settled  state,  xiy. 
O'Ruairc,  Fergal.    See  0*Rourke. 
Osbright,  Kingof  Northumbria,  slaiD,  Ixzz. 
O'ScanlainD,  Eochaidh^   chief   of,  slaÎD, 

cxci.  n.  209. 
Osill  (or  OisI^),  murdered  by  his  brother 

Amlaff;  Izxxvii.  33. 
O^Slebhin  (GioUa  Comgaill),  sent  by  Mal- 

achy  to  the  northem  chieftains,  cli. ; 

his  poetical  appeal  to  Aedh  O'Neill,  cU. 

121 ;  family  of,  cli.   n.  '  ;  date  of  his 

death,  xviii. 
Osii  (or  Flosi),  son  of  Dnbhcenn,  s.  of 

Ivar  of  Limerick,  sUiin,  clxv. 
Ospak,  brother  of  Brodar,  refuscs  to  fight 

Brian,  and  jolns  him  at  Kincora  with  10 

ships,  clxix. ;  baptized,  i6. ;  no  mention 

of  him  in  tbe  Irish  accounts,  clxix. 

n.  3ţ  Hghts  on  the  side  of  Brian  at 

Clontarf,  clxxv.  n.  i;  mother*s  son  in 

the  Irish  account,  clxxiii.  n.  ••  165. 
Osraighe  (Ossory),  devastated,  7.  223; 

vanquished  the  Danes,  ib, 
Ossianic  Society,  pnblications  of,  clxxxii. 

n.  9. 
Ossilly  son  of  the  E.  of  Lochiann,  arriyal 

of,  Izxii.  23 ;  two  of  the  name,  Ixxii.  n. 
Ossory  ravaged  by  Brian,  clxri. ;  oppose 

the  Dal-Cais  on  their  retom  from  Clon- 
tarf, czciy. 
Ossnr,  Izxii. 
Ota,  or  Otta  (Audr  or  Audă),  wife  of 

Torgesius,  established  at  Clonmacnoise, 

xlix.  13.  226. 
OTooIe,  descentof,  cbâr.  n.^.  clxxiy.  n.  *. 

See  Ui  Tuathail. 
Ottar  the  Black.    See  Otter  Dubh. 
Ottir  Dubh  (Ottar  or  Uithir  the  BUck), 

clxxiy.  165.  293 ;  arriyes  at  Waterford, 

Ixxxiy.  31.  39.  233.  293. 
Ottir,   Earl,  slain  by  Constantine  III. 

Ixxxy.  35. 
Owen   (Aneurin),    transl.    of  Gwentian 

Cbronicle  by,  xxxiii.  n. 
Owney-beg,  31,  n.     See  Uaitlmc. 


Paganism  among  the  Irish  Danes  shaken 
by  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  cxcix. ;  Mr. 
Dasent's  opinion,  ib. 

Patrick  (St.),  his  shrine  carried  to  Mun- 
ster  by  Forannan,  9.  225 ;  broken,  xliîL 
15.  227;  repured,  ib.;  story  of  his 
haying  miraculously  caused  the  chasm 
of  Belach  Leghta,  cxxxyiii.  n. 

Peel  Island,  or  Holm  PeeL  See  Inis- 
patrick. 

peH,  a  skin,  a  cushion,  196.  n.  i. 

Petrie,  Dr.,  on  the  meaning  of  the  word 
Daimhliacc,  xly.  n.  ^;  appointed  to 
Buperintend  the  Ordnance  Saryey 
Memoirs,  cciii. ;  his  character,  cciy. 

Pfahlbauten.    See  Crannogs. 

Phelan.    See  Faelain. 

Pictland,  plundered  by  the  Gaill,  Ixxix. 
Ixxx.  n.  6.    See  Fortrenn. 

Picts,  defeated  by  the  '*  Black  Gentilea," 
Ixxy.  n. ;  account  of  the  battle  in  the 
Ann.  of  Ulster,  ib. 

Piper*s  stones,  cxliy.  n.  t. 

Plait,  son  of  the  K.  of  Lochiann,  his 
single  combat  with  Domhnall,  s.  of  £m- 
hin,  clxxix.  175;  called  "brayest  Knight 
of  all  the  foreigners,**  clxxiy.  n.K  165; 
"  strong  Knight  of  Lochiann,"  cIxyiiL 
n.  1. 

Plein-Pattoigi  (nowBleanphuttoge),  peace 
of,  cxliL  109;  identified  by  Bir.  W.  M. 
Hennessy,  cxlii.  n.  ^. 

Plemenna  (Flemings?),  an  army  of^  ar- 
riyes at  Dublin,  clxx.  n.  K 

Plezzica,  cxly.  n. 

Port  Ardă,  101. 

Port  Lairge  (Waterford),  two  Kings  of; 
slain,  cxci.  n.  207 ;  Ottir  Dubh  arriyes 
there,  xciy.  39.  41.  293.  See  Loch 
Dacaech  and  Waterford. 

Poul  a  phouca,  cxly.  n. 

Poulmona,  cxly.  n. 

Pţiiih  OUarh,  chief  poet,  xyilL  n. 

"  Progresa  of  Tadhg,**  a  romantic  tale, 
z.  n. 

Prophedes,  of  the  tyranny  of  Turgesiua» 
xlyiii. ;  of  Dalcassian  supremacy,  attri- 
buted  to  St.  Colman  mac  Louin,  cxxvi. 


INDEX. 


341 


85 ;  with  three  exceptioDs  to  the  coming 
of  Antichrist,  cxxvi.  n.  ^.  85 ;  the  excep- 
tion  proves  the  date  of  the  prophecy, 
cxxTii.u.;  Mr.  O'Curry'saccoiintofother 
spiirious  prophecicH,  ib. 

Provinoes,  five,  of  Ireland,  cxxxiv.  99. 

Pudrall,  or  Pudarill-  Sec  Roit  Pudarill. 
See  Ascalt  PudralL 

Qaaran.    See  Euaran. 

Races  of  the  son  of  Feradach.  See  Cathal, 
8.  of  Feradach. 

Radnall,  daur.  of  Ivar,  K.  of  Waterford, 
290.  294. 

Eaghallach,  son  of  Maelmhuaidh,  slain, 
cxciv. 

Raghnald.     See  Khoald. 

Ragnall,  Ragnvald,  or  Regnald,  a  name  of 
Sigurd  Serpenteye,  Ixxv.  n. 

Ragnall,  son  of  Ivar  O'Irar,  slain,  cxcL 
207.  n. 

Ragnall,  grandson  of  Ivar,  anives  at 
Waterford,  Ixxxiy.  31.  234.  293;  slam 
by  Constantine  III.,  Ixxxv.  36  ;  at  the 
battle  pf  Ţynemoref  Lxxxvi. ;  date  of 
his  death,  ib, ;  descendants  of,  294. 

Ragnairs  son,  his  battle  with  Barith  and 
the  Fair  Gentiles,  27.  232;  banquet 
made  for  him  in  Dublin  by  Aedh  Finn- 
liath,  27.  232  ;  slain,  Ixxv.  27. 

RagnallvS.  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  290;  slain,  c.  47. 

Ragnar  Lodbrok,  conjectured  to  be  the 
same  as  Turgesius,  liii. ;  inraded  Ire- 
land  according  to  Saxo  Gramniatlcus, 
ib.  ;  slain  in  Ireland  according  to 
Nortliem  tradltion,  liv. ;  put  to  death 
by  Hella,  "  an  Irish  regulus,"  Iv. ;  Kings 
of  Dublin  and  Northumbria  descend- 
ants of,  M. ;  his  children,  Iyî.  n.  «; 
Inguar  and  Ubba  his  sons,  ib,  n.  <. 

Raithin-mor,  in  Firmuighi,  89;  situation 
of,  cxxix.  n.  *. 

Ralph,  or  Raalf,  Earl,  229.    See  Saxulf. 

Bath-aedha-Mic-Bric  (Rath-hugh,  in 
Westmeath),  Synod  of,  Ixxx.  n. «. 

Rathallan.    Sec  Rathalton. 


Rath  Alton  (Rathallan,  co.  of  Meath), 

Danes  defeated  at,  Ixix.  23. 230.     % 
Rathcommair,  Danes  defeated  at,  ixix. 

23.  230. 
Rath-hugh.    See  Rath-Aedha-mic-Bric. 

RathAIai8ten(Mullaghiiia8t),  cxcii.  cxciii. 
215. 

Raven-banner,  of  Inguar  and  Ubba,  woven 
by  their  sistcrs.  Ivi.  n. ' ;  its  magical 
virtue,  ifr. ;  of  Sigurd,  cLxxxiii.  n.  ^. 

Tle,  may  signify  before  or  after,  bdx.  n. 
Ixxxy.  n. 

Reafan  (the  Raven),  banner  of  Inguar 
and  Ubba  so  callcd,  Ivi.  n.  <.  See  Ra- 
ven-banner. 

Rechet  (Magh  Rechet,  or  Morett,  Queen*8 
co.),  c.  n.  1. 

Rechru  of  Bregia  (now  Lambay),  xxxii. 
n.;  burnt  by  the  '*Gentiles,"  and  its 
shrinesplundered,  xxxii.  and  xxxiii. ;  in 
the  genitive  Rcchrainn,  xxxii.  n. ;  other 
islands  so  called,  i6. 

Rectabrat,  s.  of  Bran,  chief  of  the  Deisi, 
Ixxiii.  25.  231 ;  his  s.  Muchdaighren, 
smothered  in  a  cave,  Ixxi.  23. 231. 

Reeves  (Rev.  W.),  Rechru  of  Bregia 
identiiied  by,  xxxiL  n.  ' ;  his  Identifica- 
tion of  Laun  Leri  with  Dunleer,  xL 
n.  *;  Tir-da-glas  identified  by,  xlix. 
n.  1 ;  remark  as  to  the  Scottish  Dalriadai 
1.  n. ;  his  opinion  on  position  of  Linn 
Duachaill,  Ixii.  n.  i;  on  Snamh  Aidh- 
necb,  Ixiii.  n.  i ;  Identification  of  Cluain 
Comardha  with  Colman*s  well,  civ.  n.  ^, 

Reilly  (Domhnall).  See  Domhnall  Mac 
Raghallach. 

Renna,  or  Srenna  (in  Galloway  ?)clxx.  n.  i. 

Reoric  (Flatholroe),  occupied  by  Danes, 
cxY.  n. 

Rest  to  Ireland  for  forty  years,  Ixxvi.  27. 
232 ;  not  the  result  of  the  reign  of  Cor- 
mac  Mac  Cullenain,  Ixxvii.  n. ;  how  to 
be  counted,  IxxvL  27 ;  how  to  be  nnder- 
stood,  Ixxvii. ;  consistent  with  the  an. 
nalis  Ixxxiii. 

Rhoald  (Raghnald)  arrives  in  Ireland, 
xciv,  n.  •. 

Riagnn,  s.  ofDungal,  defeatstheDaues  of 


342 


INDEX. 


Waterford,  Wezford,  and  Teach  Moling, 

ham.,  n.  \  292.    See  O'Riagain. 
Bicard,  son  of  the  Inghen  Roaidh,  slain, 

cxci.  o.  207. 
Bighdomna,  meaning  of  theword,  cIxxIt. 

n.  K  ^ 

Eolt  Pudarill  (op   Eolt,    and   Pudrall), 

Ixxvii.  n.  a.  29. 
Bomantic  ,Tales  (Irish),  aacient  llst  of, 

xxyiii.  n.  i. 
Bosadi-na-Hiogh,  fortifled  by  Brian,  clx. 

n.  1.  ]41. 
Bos-Ailîthri  (Boss,  co.  Cork)  plundered, 

bd.  n.  19. 
Boscommon,  invaded,  zxxyi. 
Boscrea.    Scq  Ros-Creda. 
Bos-creda  (now  Roscrca),battle  of,  IviL  15. 

227. 
Bosmaclain,  situation  of,  xxxviii.  n.  \ 
BosB.     See  Bos-Ailithri, 
Bosâ,  yew  of,  166,  n.  «.  167. 
BostellaD,    co.    Cork,   ancient  name  of, 

xxxviîi.  n. 
Bonte  (The),  in  Antrim.    See  Dalriada. 
Buadhan  (St.)»  shrine  of^  broken,  17,  228. 
Buaidhri,  s.  of  Coscracb,  K.  of  UlBriuin, 

slain,  cxli.  n.  K  109. 
Buaidhri,  s.  of  Mervyn,  K.  of  Wales,  flies 

to  Ireland  from  the  Danes,  Ixxxiii. 
Buamand  (Redmond),  slain  at  Sulchoit, 

79.  81. 
Budgaile,   s.  of  Trebtade,  slain  by  for- 

eignera,  lix.  17.  228. 


Sadhbh  (Sabia),  daur.  of  Brian,  married 

to  Cian,  s.  of  MoUoy,  cxL  n. 
Sagas,  Scandinavian,    probably  an  imi- 

tation   of  the   Irish   historical   tales, 

xxviii,  n. 
Saighir(Seirkieran,  Eing'sco.),plandered, 

lix.  n.  1.  17.  228.; 
Saingel  (Singland),  hills  of,  81 ;  detivation 

of  the  name,  cxxi.  n.  s. 
St.  David's.    See  Cili  Miini. 
3t.  Mullins,  co.  of  Carlow.     See  Tech 

Moling. 
Şalcoit    See  Sulcoit, 


Salt  (Saltiis  Salmonîs),  boronj  of,  Ixxxix. 

n.i. 
Saxo  Grammaticus,  stătea  that  Bagnar 

Lodbrok  invaded  Ireland  and  slew  K. 

Melbricus,  liii. ;  confirmation  of  thia 

from  the  Irish  annals,  ib, ;  makca  Beg- 

nar*B  sons  to  havebeen  in  Ireland  when 

their  father  was  slain,  lyi.  n.  s. 
Saxons,   defeat   the    *' Black   G^ntileB," 

Ixxxii. ;  alleged  plonder  of,   by  Brian, 

dviii.  137. 
Saxulf  (Ralph),  Earl,  slain,  IxtI.  20,  n.  21 ; 

date  of  his  death,  Ixviî. 
Scandinayians,  two  parties  of,  in  Ireland, 

XXX. ;  called  Gentiles  and  Danars,  ib, ; 

date  of  invasions  of  Ireland  by,  xxxL  8 ; 

allies  invited  by  the  Danes  of  Dublin 

to  rcsist  Brian,  clxvii. ;  List  of,  dxriiL 

n.  K  153;  their  genealogy,  App.    D. 

263,  sq. 
Scannail  (Aedh),  St.,  Ixxiii.  25. 
Scannlan,  s.  of  Cathal,  K.  of  the  Eoj^m- 

nacht  Locha  Lein,  slain,  cxd.  n.  209. 
Scattery  Island.     See  Inia  Cathaigh. 
Scelig  MichU  (SkeUig  Bock),  plandered, 

xxxTiii.  bd.  n.7.  17.  222.  228. 
Sci  (Skye),  foreigners  of,  join   againat 

Brian,  clxviii.  n.  \  153. 
Sciath  Nechtain  ("Scutnm  Nechtani*^ 

battle  of,  IxTii.  Ixxiii.  n.  21.  229. 
Scolph,  Ixxi.  23.  231. 
Scotland.    See  Alba. 
Sean  Magh  Ealta  Edair,  an  ancient  plain 

of  vhich  Clontarf  ia  a  part,  1 12,  n.  '. 
Seannad.    See  Shanid. 
Seannocro  a  baai'6.    See  Shanid  a  boo. 
Seefin,  in  barony  of  Coshlea,  co.  of  Lime- 

rick,  ancient  name  oţ  Ix.  n. 
Sefraid,  or  Geoffrey,  a.  of  Sninin,  slain, 

cxci.  n.  207. 
Seirkieran.    See  Saighir. 
Senati,  Danes  defeated  at,  9.  See  Shsnid. 
Senchaidh,  or  Shanachy,  the  historiaii  of 

the  Irish  clans,  cxi.  n. 
Sengualainn    (Shanagolden),   bftttle   oţ 

cxxiv.  n.  9.  83. 
Sen-Leas-Abâinn,  situation  of,  cixiy.  n.  K 

147. 


INDEX. 


343 


Sen-Magh-n£alta  Edair,  ancient  name  of 

Clontarfţ  clzxi.  n.  ^. 
Shanagolden.    See  Sengoalaînn. 
Shanid  a  boo,  war  cry  of  the  Fitzgeralds, 

xli.  n. 
Shanid  (Senati  or  Seannad),  foreignen 

defeated  at,  xli.  xliv.  n.  i. 
Shearmap,  Rev.  J.  F.,  on  the  site  of  the 

battle  of  Glen-mama,  cxliv.  n.  3. 
Shrine  of  St.  Patrick.     See  Patrick. 
Sichfrith,  or  Jefirej,  the  name  confounded 

with  Sitric,  271. 
Sichfrith,  Earl,  Izxxii  Ixxxiii. 
Sidechad,  or  Sidechan,  a.  of  Segin,  K.  of 

TitiU,  killed  hj  Danes,  cxvii.  n.  K  73. 
Sigrad  Finn,  clxx.  n.  ^. 
Sigurd,  Serpent-eye,  said  to  have  been 

called  Hagnall,  Ixxv.  n. 
Sigurd  L'odversoD,  Earl  of  Orkneji  comes 

to  Dublin,  clxxiv.  clxxv.  n.  ^ ;  joins  the 

confederacy  against  Brian,  clxyiii.  n.  K 

153;  yarious  forms  of  his  name,  153, 

n.^^i  is  promised  the  kingdom  of  Ire- 

land  and  Gormflaith's  hand,  clxviii. ;  his 

genealogy,  264.  300.   302;    baptized, 

clxxxY.  n.  1 ;  hiB  paternal  descent,  Tab. 

VI.  264 ;  surnamed  the  Eat,  265.  No. 

(IJ);  bis  raven  banner,  clxxxiii.  n.  i; 

slain  bjMurchadh,  clxxxr.  195.  258; 

called  Siograd,  clxx.  n.    See  Sitriuc. 
Simond,  6.  of  Turgeis,  slain,  cxci.  n.  207. 
Sinann  (the  Shannon),  59. 
Singland.    See  SaingeL 
^intimcng,  a  litter,  195.  259,  n. 
Siograd  Finn,  and  Siograd  Donn,  two 

sons  of  Lothair,  clxx.  n.  i. 
Siogradh,  slain  at  Clontarf,  cxci.  n.  207. 
Sitric,  or  Sitriuc,  xcv.  n.  i.  41 ;  two  or 

more  chieftains  of  the  name  in  Ireland, 

Ixxxi.  n.  >;  yarious  forms  of  the  name, 

Ixxxi.  n.  *. 
Sitric  Cam,  wounded  and  driven  off  hy 

Olaf  Cuaran,  286. 
Sitric,  s.  of  Olaf  Cuaran,  called  Caech 

(the  blind),35;  Gale  (the  hero),  279; 

and  Silkiskegg  (silkenbeard),  288 ;  his 

genealogy  and  history,   278.  288.  No. 

(16);  s.  of  Olaf  Cuaran  by  Gormflaith, 


cxlyiii.  n.  * ;  forcibly  lands  at  Dublin, 
XC.  35 ;  settles  at  Cenn  Fuait,  Ixxxix. 
35 ;  gains  â  battle  over  Ugaire,  K.  of 
Leinster,  ib. ;  plunders  Kildare  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  churches  of  Ire- 
land, ib, ;  defeated  at  Glenmama,  cxliii. 
111;  called  Amlaibh,  by  mistake  for 
"8.  of  Amlaibh,'*  cxlviii.  119.  191,  n. 
192,  n.  ' ;  seeks  protection  from  the 
northem  Ui  Neill,  cxlviii.  119;  submita 
to  Brian,  and  his  fortress  of  Dublin  ia 
restored  to  him,  ib.  ,*  marries  Brian*8 
daughter,  cxlyiii.;  with  Maelmordha, 
K.  of  Leinster,  defeats  Maelseachlainn, 
dxyi.  149 ;  with  the  Leinster  men 
plunders  Meath,  ib,;  his  preparations for 
war  against  Brian,  clxyii.  151 ;  assem- 
bles  his  forces  for  Clontarf,  clxix. ;  list 
of  his  auxlliaries  for  Clontarf  (from  Ann. 
of  Loch  CQ,  clxx.  n.  ^ ;  his  dialogue 
with  his  wife,  clxxxiy.  193.  257  ;  takes 
no  part  in  the  battle  of  Clontarf,  but 
witnesses  it  from  DubUn,  clxxxiii. ;  a 
different  account  given  in  Njala,  clxxv. 
n.  ^ ;  demands  a  share  of  the  oxen  taken 
by  Donnchadh  in  X^einster,  cxcii.  211; 
blinds  Bran,  s.  of  Maelmordha,  K.  of 
Leinster,  289;  plunders  Kells,  ib, ; 
defeated  by  Uagaire,  s.  of  Dunlaing,  E. 
of  Leinster,  ib, ;  makes  a  pilgrimage  to 
Bome,  ib, :  grants  a  site  for  a  cathe- 
dral  to  Donat,  first  Danish  bishop  of 
Dublin,  290. 

Sitriuc  (read  Sigurd),  slain,  cxc.  n.  K  207. 

Sitriuc,  8.  of  Ivar,  goes  to  Alba,  Ixxxi. 
29. 

Siugrad,  Siucrad,  varioua  forma  of  the 
name,  Ixxxi.  n.  >. 

Siugrad,  s.  of  Ivar,  K.  of  the  Gaill,  sUin, 
233. 

Skellig,  a  Scandinavian  word,  xxxvilL  n. 

Skye.    See  Sci. 

Slane,  co.  Meath,  plundered,  xl.  7.  224 ; 
belfry  of,  bumt,  xcvi.  n.  *. 

Slane,  baruny  of.     See  Crimhthann. 

Slevin.    See  O'Slebhin. 

SUabh  Caein  (Sliabb  Riach),  89 ;  situation 
ofi  cxxix.  n.  '. 


344 


INDEX. 


Sliabh  Cualann,  now  Sugar  Loaf  moun- 

tain,  cxliii.  n.'. 
Sliabh  Fera-mnighe  Feine  (Fermoy  moun- 

tain),  cxxxviii.  n. «. 
Sliabh  Fuaid  (Fews  mountain),  cM.  135 ; 

whj  80  called,  ib.  n.  K 
Sliabh  Gadoe  (now  Slieye  Gad,  or  Cborch 

mountain),  cxlvi.  n. 
Sliabh  Lnachra,  in  Keny,  li.  n.  *. 
Sliabh  mEchti  (SUeve  Baughta,  or  Baughta 

mountains)  cz.  n.  s.  60,  n.  ^^ 
Sliabh  Riach,  cxxix.  cxxxii.     See  Sliabh 

Caein. 
Slieve-Banghta.    See  Sliabh  mEchti. 
Slieve-margy,  barony  of,  Queen'd  co.  clxiv. 

n.i. 
Sligeach,  river  of  Sligo,  clrii.  n.  ^.  135. 
Sligo.    See  Sligeach. 
Smnrall.    See  MurailL 
Snadgair,  clxxiy.  165. 
Snamh,  a   ford   crossed  hj  swimming, 

Iziii.  n. 
Snamh-Aidhnech   (or   Snamh  Aignech), 

now  Carlingford  bay,  224;  battle  of,  be- 

tween  black  and  fair  Gentiles,  Ixxii.  1 9. 

229 ;  described  in  the  Fragm.  of  Annals, 

bdii. ;  yarious  spellings  of  the  name,  1 9, 

n.  ". 
Snamh-Ech,  bdii.  n. 
Snamh  Ergda.    See  Snamh  Aidhnech. 
Snorro  Sturleson,  bis  testimony  as  to  date 

of  the  first  Sagas,  xxyiii.  n.  s ;  identifies 

Thorgils,   s.   of  Harold  Harfagr,  with 

Torgesiiis,  Iii. ;  bis  error  as  to  date  of 

Targesiiu,  Iii. 
.  Snuatgar,  zcv.  n.  ^  41. 
SoUoghod.    See  Sulcoit. 
Somarlid,  slain  at  Sulchoit,  79.  276.  302. 
Sord  of  Columcille  (now  Swords),  plun- 

dered,  xL  Ixi.  n.  7.  19.   221;  Brian's 

body  conveyed  to,  clzxziz.  201. 
Srenna.    See  Renna. 
Stabbal,  s.  of  Sigmal,  slain  at  Sulchoit,  79. 
Stain  (Stein,  Zain,  or  Steinar),  defeated  by 

the  Danes,  bdii. 
Stein,  Steinar.    See  Stain. 
Stewart,  or  Stuart,  family  of.    Sec  Mâine 

Leamhna. 


Stuart,  or  Stewari,  family  of.  See  Maîne 
Leamhna. 

Storleson,  Snorro.    See  Snorro  Storlemn. 

Suainin,  xcr.  n.  i.  clxxir.  n.  i.  41. 165. 

Succession  to  the  throne  of  Monster  alter- 
nate between-  the  families  of  Eoghan 
and  of  Cormac  Gas,  cvili.;  evil  resnlts 
of  the  mie,  ib, 

Sugar-loaf  Mountain.  See  Sliabh  Cua- 
lann. 

Suibhne,  b.  of  Fairnech  (or  Forannan)» 
usurps  the  Abbacj  of  Armagh,  xlvii. 

Suibhne,  prior  of  Kildarc,  captured  bj 
foreigners,  Ixxvi.  n.  K 

Suimin,  xct.  n.  >.  41. 

Sulcoit  (SoUoghod),  77 ;  meaningof,cxTiii 
n.  » ;  battle  of,  cxviii.  77 ;  rout  of  the 
Danes  at,  cxx.  77  ;  poetical  dialogue 
between  Mathgamhain  and  Brian  on 
battle  of,  77  ;  names  of  Danish  leadera 
slain  in  the  battle,  cxzL  76,  n.  •.  79; 
date  of  battle  of,  cxxL ;  second  poem 
on,  cxxi.  81. 

Sunin,  clxxiv.  n.  h  165. 

Sword  of  Carlus,  Ixvii.  n.  295.  See  Carlua. 

Swords  (Sord),  near  Dublin.  See  Sord  of 
Columcille. 

Swords,  ancient  Irish,  described,  czxzL 
n.  «;  Danish,  found  at  Glenmama, 
cxlvi.  n. 

Sjnonomoua  words,  fondness  of  the  Iriah 
for,  xxiz. 

Tadhg  an   eich-gill,  K.   of  Connaught, 

clxziL  n.  1 ;  bis  alleged  misunderstand- 

ing  with   Brian   at    Clontarf,  clzxrL 

n.«. 
Tadhg  an  tsleibhe.    See  O'Clerj. 
Tadhg,  s.  of  Brian,    said  to  have  been 

with  him  when  he  was  slain,  cIxxxtî. 

n.3. 
Tadhg,  s.  of  Maelcellaigh,  cxzxiy.  n.  h  97. 
Taghmon.    See  Tech  Munnu. 
Tailltin  (Teltown,  in  Meath),  clyL  135; 

insult  to  Ciaran  at,  1 1 ;  the  games  of, 

cxc  n.  '. 
Takt,  the  Norse  name  for  Tadhg,  Briaa*a 

son,  clxxxyi.  n.  '. 


INDEX. 


345 


Tal,  Hoase  of,  a  name  for  the  Dal-Cais, 
diL  n.  \  123. 

Tallaght,  Martyrologj  o^  fragment  in  St. 
Iflidore's  CoUege,  Rome,  zi.  n. 

Tamar  Mac  Ailgi,  or  Elgi,  chief  of  the 
Danes  of  Limerick,  lands  at  Inis  Sibh- 
tonn  in  Limerick^  xclii.  39.  cy.  267 ;  his 
ezploits,  CT.  n.  ';  his  death,  cvi.  n.; 
probnbly  the  same  as  Gormo  Garole, 
267 ;  perhaps  also  same  as  Horm,  Ixiv. 
n.  s ;  Tamar  or  Tomar,  same  as  Thor- 
modr,  IxYii.  n.  ^.  267  ;  a  common  name 
given  to  the  kings  of  Dublin,  Izvii.  n.  *, 
•*TorcTomar,**  £6.;  the  ring  of  Tomar 
carried  off by  Malachy  II.  from  Dublin. 
ib, ;  genealogy  of  Tamar  Mac  Elgi,  266. 
See  Tomar  and  Tomrair. 

Tanistry,  law  of,  236,  n.  »;  Dr.  0'Brien*s 
Traet  on,  in  Vallancey's  CoUectanea, 
cviii.  n. 

Tara  (Temhair),  fasting  of  the  Apostles  of 
Ireland  at,  1 1 ;  abandoned  as  a  roy  al  resi- 
dence,  zlr.  n.  ^ ;  Elings  of  Ireland 
called  Kings  of,  ib, ;  battle  of^  c.  47  ; 
Mr.  Moore*s  mistake  of  a  splendid 
palace  there  bumt  by  Brian,  clii.  n.  *  ; 
why  called  Tara  of  Fail,  ib,  123.  125; 
and  Tara  of  Bregh,  ib. ;  called  Cormac^s 
hill,  cliiL  n.  K 

Taxation  of  Munster,  not  a  peculiar  ordi- 
nance  of  the  Limerick  Danes,  civ. ;  cx- 
tended  to  all  Ireland,  civ.  n.  i ;  later 
than  the  times  of  Turgesius,  ib.  n.  a. 

Tebhtha,  or  Teffia  (co.  of  Longford),  cviii. 
n.  *.  cxL  n.  *. 

Tech  Moling  (St.  Moling's  house,  now  St. 
Mullins,  co.  Carlow),  plundered,  xxxix. 
7.  223. 

Tech  Munnu  (St.  Munnu's  house,  now 
Taghmon,  co.  Wexford),  plundered, 
xxxix.  7.  223. 

Teffia.    See  Tebhtha. 

Telltown.    See  Taillten. 

Temhair.    See  Tara. 

Termonn,  what,  41,  n.        « 

Terryglass.    See  Tir-da-glass. 

Tbienreg,  cxlr.  n. 

Thodrof  WOfdastrond,  his  genealogy^  301, 


Thomas  of  Cinn  Crede,  Ixxyii.  n.  >.  27. 
Thomond  (Tuath-Mumhan),  district   of, 

cix.  n.  9 ;  originally  a  part  of  Connaught, 

cxir.  n.  ^  ;  why  claimed  by  the  Dai 

Cais,  ib.  i  forcibly  taken  from  the  Con- 
naught tribes,  ib. 
Thora,  grandmother  of  Olaf  the  White, 

Ixx.  n. 
Thorgils,  or  Thorkils,  probably  the  real 

name  of  Turgesius,  Iii. ;  signiflcation  of 

name.  Ir. 
Thorkelin,  Fragments  of  Engl.  and  Irish 

Hist.  quoted,  Ixxix.  n.  ^ 
Thormodr,  a  common  name  in  Iceland, 

Ixvii.  n.    See  Tomrair. 
Thorsten  the  Bed,  s.  of  Olaf  the  White, 

Ixxir.  n.  *.  Ixxx.    See  Oistein. 
Tidal  Calculations,  account  of  battle  of 

Clontarf  confirmed  by,  xxri. 
Tighernach,  lord  of  Lochgabhair,  defeats 

the  Danes,  Ixyiii.  21. 
Tighernach  (the  Annalist),  Brian's  reign 

ignored  by,  cxcrii.  j   date  of,    cxcrii. 

n.  ^ ;  his  annals  ought  to  be  republished, 

cei. 
Tigh-Giughrainn,  sltuation  of,  xctIL  n.  <. 
Tigh-mic-Deicthig,  battle  of^  xcii.  xciii. 

n.  1.  37 ;  its  date,  xciii.  n. 
Tir-Aedha    (Tirhugh,    Donegal),    clviL 

n.».  136. 
Tir-Ailella  (Tirerrill,  co.  Sligo),  clviL  n.  >. 

]3d. 
Tir-connell,   district  of,  why  so   called, 

Ixvi. 
Tirdaglass  (Terryglass,  co.   Tipperary), 

plundered,    xciv.    39;    plundered   by 

Turgesius,  xlix.  13.  226. 
Tir-Eoghain  (Tjrrone),  clviL  n.  •.  136. 
Tir-errilL    See  Tir-Ailella. 
Tlaman,  ancestor  of  Muinntir  Tlamain, 

cxiv.  n.  K    See  Muinntir  Tlamann. 
Toirberdach,  zcv.  n.  ^.  41. 
Tolka,  river.    See  Tulcain. 
Tolbarb,  slain  at  Sulchoit,  79. 
Txmiaiy*,  •*  measure,"  xdi.  n. 
Tomar  (or  Tomrair),  Ixxi.  IxxiiL  23.  26. 

231. 
Tomar.    See  Tomrair  and  Tamar, 


346 


DTDEX. 


Tomar'fl  wood,  near  Dublin,  Ixvii.  n.  197. 

199 ;  situation  of,  clxxxyii.  n.  K 
Tomgranejr.    See  Tuaim-Grdine. 
l'omrair  [Tomar]  Mac  Ailchi,  slain,  Ixyii. ; 

went  to  hell,  ctL  n.    See  Tamar  Mac 

Elgi. 
Tonn-Clidhna   ("Wave   of    Clidhna"). 

See  Clidhna. 
Torach  (Tory  Island),  clix.  139. 
Torbenn,  the  Black,  cbcuv.  n.  K  165. 
Torolbh,  slain  at  Sulchoit,  81. 
Torrdhealbhach   (Turloch),    ancestor  of 

Ui  Torrdhelbhalgh,  cxxxIt.  n.s. 
Torrdhealbach,  s.  of  Murchadh,  grandson  of 

Briaîn,  drowned   at    Clontarf,  clxxYi. 

clxxxir.   cxcL  n.    167.   193.  209;   his 

death  foretold  by  0*Hartigan,  dxxylii. 

n.«.  173. 
Tory  Island.    See  Torach. 
Toumant,  moat  of,  cxlir.  n.  ^. 
Tradraighe,  or  Tratraighe  (now  Tradry), 

plondered,  xli.  9. 61.  65.  224;  situation, 

xlL  n.  ^ ;  selected  by  Thomas  DeClare 

as  his  head  quarters  in  1277,  cx.  n.*. 
l>adry.    See  Tradraighe. 
Traigh-Eochaiie,  near  Ballysadarei  co.  of 

Sligo,  dvii.  n.  K 
Tressach,  s.  of  Mechill,  slain,  15. 
Tretill,  sUdn  at  Sulchoit,  81 ;  meaning  of 

the  name,  ib,  n.  ^. 
Tiygve,  possibly  the  Scaudinavian  form 

of  Turgesius,  Iv. 
Tuaim-Gr^ine  (Tomgraney)  church  and 

belfry  or  round  tower  of,  erected  by 

Brian,  clix. 
Tuathal,  s.  of  Airtri,  usurpation  of  the 

throne  of  Munster  by,  xxxvii  n.  K 
Tuathal  (s.  of  Ugalre),  165 ;  ancestor  of 

O'Toole,  clxxiv.  n.  *. 
Tuathal,  E.  of  West  liffey,  fabmits  to 

Brian,  cxU.  107. 
Tuathbil,  Mr.  Hennessy^s  suggestlon  as 

to  the  meaning  of  the  word,  cxiv.  n. 
Tuath-mumhain.    See  Thoipond. 
Tubber,  parish  of,  cxlir.  n. '';  cxIt.  n. 
Tttbber-Tillar,  cxlv.  n. 

I 

Xuilen  (Dulane,  co.  Meath),  plundered  by 
ForeignerSy  IxzyL  o.  *, 


Tulach-na-Bigbna,  demolished  by  Olcfao- 
bhar,  E.  of  ^unster,  IxviiL  21. 

Tulcain  (the  Tolka,  a  riyer  near  Dublin), 
cxcTi  n. ». 

Turgeis.    See  Turgesius. 

Turgesius  (or  Turgeis),  Thorgils,  or  Thor- 
kils,  probably  bis  real  name,  Iii. ;  not 
the  son  of  Ilarold  Harfagr,  ib. ;  conjec- 
tured  to  be  Ragnar  Lodbrok,  liii. ;  his 
arrival  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  xlii  9. 
224;  assumes  the  sovereignty  of  the 
Foreigners  in  Ireland,  xxxri.  xlii.  9. 
224;  usurps  the  Abbacy  of  Arma^ 
xlii.  9.  224;  on  Loch  Hi,  xUv.  n.  13. 
226 ;  plunders  from  thence  Meath  and 
Connaught,  ib. ;  churches  plundered 
by  him,  t6. ;  Clonmacnois  occupied  by 
his  wife,  O  ta,  13.  226 ;  his  battles  with 
the  Connaughtmen,  13.  226;  suoccss 
in  Connaught,  xlix.  226;  duration  of 
his  dynasty,  xliii. ;  ruled  Ireland  thir- 
teen  years  not  thirty,  xliv.  n.  ^ ;  scarcely 
mentioned  in  Irish  Annals,  ib, :  his 
object  and  policy,  xlvii  xlnii. ;  taken 
prisoner  and  drowned,  xliiL  15.  227; 
date  of  his  death»  ib, ;  romantic  story  of 
his  death,  li.  n. ;  refîited  by  Lynch  and 
Colgan,  ib, 

Tynemore,  battle  of,  Ixxxr. ;  aocount  of 
in  Ulster  Annals,  IxxxtL 

Ua  Cellaigh  (O'Kelly),  Tadhg,  K.  of  Hy 
Many,  joins  Brian  at  Clontarf,  clxxri 
n.  ^  169;  his  household  troops  slay 
Amaill  Scot,  clxxxiL  185;  slain,  cxci. 
n.  209. 

Ua  Ciardha(O'Carey),  Aedh,s.  of  Ualgaig, 
refuses  to  join  Brian,  clxxiii.  n.  157. 

Ua  h-Eidhin  (O'Heyne),  Maehruanaidh, 
chief  of  Ui  Fiachrach-Aidhne,  dxxri 
ib,  n.  ^;  slain,  cxci.  n.  209.  See 
O'hEidhin. 

Uah-Erulf,  Dunchadh,  slain,  cxci.  n.  207. 

Uailsi,  Ixxii 

Uaithne  (Ow^ey),  districts  so  called 
where,  cil.  n.  s }  31,  d.  *. 

Uaithne-Cliath,  called  âlso  Uaithne  Fidh- 
bhaigh  (now  Owney  Beg),  31,  a 


INBBX* 


347 


Usitliiie-'nre  (Owney),  81,  n« 
Ualgarg,  8.  of  Cerin.    See  Mac  Cerio. 
Uamanan.    See  Uanan. 
Ua  Mic  Uaifl  (Moygoish  in  W.  Meath), 

zcL  n.  *. 
Uanan  (or  Uamanan),  s.  of  Cerin,  prior 

of  Cloyne,  slain,  Ixzyiii.  n.  \  29.  233. 
Ua  Neit  [an  error  for  Ua  nEochach],  18, 

n.  3. 
Ua  nEochaidh.    See  Eoghanacht  Ua  nEo- 

chaidh. 
Ua  Roairc  (or  0*Bourke),  Fergal,  E.  of 

West  Breifne,  157;    account  of  him 

at  the  battle  of  Clontarf  an  interpola- 

tion,  clzxlL  n.  ';  [read  Aedh,  s.  of 

Fergal],  K.  of  Brefhe,  clxiy.  n.  K  147 ; 

defeated  bjr  Malachy,  149. 
Ua   Sionaigh,    the   tribe   of  liereditary 

bishop-abbots  of  Ârmagh,  clxxxix.  n.  i. 
Uathmaran,  s.  of  Barith,  273. 
tJbba  (Ubbo  or  Hubba),  the  rayen  banner 

of,  Ivi.  n.  •.  clxxxiiL  n.  K 
Ugaire,  8.  of  Ailill,  K.  of  Leinstcr,  alain 

at  Cenn  Fuait,  Ixxxix.  n.  «.  35. 
Ugaire,  s.  of  Tuathal,  K.  of  Leinster,  slain 

ai  Bithlann  by  the  Danes  of  Dublin, 

c47. 
Uibh  Bathaigh  (now  Iveragh,  co.  of  Kerry), 

xxxri.  n. 
Ui  Brain,  or  O'Bjme,  descent  of,  cbdii. 

n.1. 
U^Briiiin-Chualainn,  111  ;  descent  and 

ierritory  of,  cxliiL  n.  *;  situation  of, 

dxxrii.  n.  i ;  Ruaidhri,  s.  of  Cosgrach, 

K.  of,  cxli.  n.  <^ ;  nobles  of  slain  at  Clon- 
tarf, clxxix.  n.  \  177. 
Ui  Cairbre  (or  Cairpre)  Aebhda,  plan- 

dered,  Ixxxv.  n.  31 ;  situation  and  extent 

of,  cxril.  n.  *. 
Ui-Cairin.    See  Cinel-Mecliair. 
Ui  Ceinnselaigh  (or  Hy  Einshela),  co.  of 

Wexford,  dviii.  137.  223 ;  extent  and 

Aituation    of,    xxxlx.  ţ    invaded,    t6. ; 

the   battalion   o(  at  Clontarf,    clxx. 

dxxir.  175;  1,100  of,  slain  at  Clontarf, 

cxci.  n,  209;  plnndered  by  Malachy 

n.,cxcyi. 
Vi  Ciardha  (the  fiunily  of  O'Carey,  of 


Carbnry,  co.  Kildare)  cuned  by  Brian, 

clxxiii.  n.  157. 
Ui  Colgain,  the  Earl  Saxulf  slain  by, 

Ixvi.  21.  229. 
Ui  Conaill  Gabhra  (Upper  and  Lower 

Connello,    co.  Limerick),  plundered, 

xli.   cz.  9.   31,   n.   61.    224;   descent 

of,  Ixxxv.  n.;   defeat   the  foreigners, 

xli.  Ixxxvli.  n.  9. 33.  224 ;  extent  of  the 

district,  cx.  n.  K 
Ui  Coinn  (O'Qoin),   Niall,  dxxyi  n.  K 

167. 
Ui  Diarmada,  or  ConuuMogha,  the  ter- 

ritory  of  the  O'Concennainns,  co.  Gal- 

way,  clzxyi.  n.  «. 
Ui  DomhnaiU  (the  O'Donnells).  of  Corca- 

baiscinn,  kiU  Irar  of  Limerick  and  his 

two  sons,  cxxxY.  103. 
Ul-Donnchadha  (O'Donoghue),  111 ;  ter- 

ritory  of,  cxliii.  n.  •.  clxxi.  n.  •;  plun- 
dered by  Brian,  clxxi.   t6.  n.  K  155; 

genealogy  of,  cxciiL  n.  K  248. 
Ui  Eachdach  (Ui  Eachach,  Ui  Echach 

Ui  Eochach,    Ui   n-Eochdach,    or  Ui 

Eathach)  of  Munster,  MoUoy,  chieftain 

of,   cxxxri.   103.    105;  their  descent, 

cxxvi.  n.  9.  cxdii  n.  i;  their  territory, 

dviil.  n.  <(. 
Ui  Eidirscoil  (or  O'Driscoll),  their  conn- 

try,  Ix.  n. 
Ui  Enechglais  (a  district  in  Wicklow, 

barony  of  Arklow),  xc  n. ;  descent  of 

the  tribe,  ib, 
Ui-Enna  of  Aine  (0*Heney),  spoiled  by 

Mahoun,  cxxiii    83;    descent  of  the 

tribe,  cxxiii.  n.  '. . 
Ui-Faelain,  143 ;  extent  of,  clxii.  n. '. 
Ui-Failghe  (Offaly),  143 ;  extent  of,  clxlL 

n.  > ;  Brogarbhan,  K.  of,  clxxiy.  n.  *, 

165 ;  slain,  cxcL  n. 
Ui  Fathaigh  (men  of  Ifik  and  Offa),  27. 

n.". 
Ui-Fiachrach-Aidhne,    exteut    of,  xdy. 

n.  1 ;  Maelruanaidh  Ua  hEldhin,  K.  of, 

slain,  cxci.  n.  209. 
Ui-Figheinte,  intheco.  of  limerick,  their 

territory,  Ixyiii.  n.  «.   21,  n.  ".  330 ; 

their  relationship  to  the  Ui  Conaill 


348 


INDEX. 


Gabhra,  31,    n. ;   inyaded  by  Brian, 

cxxxri.  103, 
Ui-Gabhla,  or  Ui  Gabhra,  111;  situation 

of,  cxliiL  n.  s;   plundered  bj  Brian, 

clxxi.  155. 
Ui-Lîathain  (now  bar.  of  Barrymore,  co. 

Cork),  MagnuK,  s.  of  Anmchadh,  King 

of,  clxxvi.  167  ;  slain,  cxci.  ii.  209. 
Ui-mBloit  (Omelode  or  O'MuUed),  des- 

cent  of  the  tribe,   cx.  o.  ^;   situation 

of  the  district,   ib. :    name  still  pre- 

serred,  ib, 
Ui-Mathgamhna.    See  O'Mahony. 
Ui-mBuidi,  territory  of,  clxîv.  n.  i.  147. 
Ui-Meith  (co.  of  Monaghan),  290,  n.  K 
Ui-Muireadhaigh  (O'Murray),    territory 

of,  clxii.  n.  K  clxiv.  n.  i. 
Ui-nEchdach  (now  Iveagh,  co.  of  Down), 

xcviii.  n.  ". 
Ui-NeiU  (O'Neill),  Danes  defeated  by,  Ixvi. 

21.  229. 
Ui-Oenghusa,  27  ;  who,  ib,  n.  ^K 
Uisnech  (Usnagh  hill,  or  Enock  Ushnagh), 

cxii.  n. ».  109. 
XJithir  the  Black,  soldier  of  Eigist,  clxx. 

n.  1.    See  Ottir  Dubh. 
Ui-Torrdhelbhaigh,  land  of,  cxxxir.  n.  ". 

97. 
Ui-Tortain,  territory  of,  xcî.  n.  ■.  290,  n.  i. 
Ui  Tuathail  (or  OToole),  Dunlaing,  an- 

cestor  oţ  dxiy.  n.  ^;  clxxiv.  n.*.     See 

O'Toole. 
Uladh  (Ulster).  135;  the  men  of,  refuse 

to  join  Brian  at  Clontarf,  clxxvi.  n.  S; 

ancient  extent  of,  clvii.  n.  *. 
Ulf  Hroda  ("  Wolf  the  qnarrelaome  *'),  at 

the  battle  of  Clontarf,  clxxr.  n.  i. 
Ulster,  derivation  of  name,  cxlriii.  n.  '. 

See  Uladh. 
Ulster,  Annals  of,  ought  to  be  republished, 

cei. 
Uplands,  in  Norway,  Christianity  estab- 

lished  in,  ce.  n. 
Uriel.    See  Airghiall. 
Usnagh  hill.    See  Uisnech. 
Ussher  (Archbishop),  his  error  as  to  date 


of  Turgesius,  xliy.  n.  i ;  foilowed  by 
Lanigan,  (6. 

Valour  of  the  Danes  admitted  by  the  Mah 

historians,  cri.  53. 
Vedra-fiord,  Danish  name  of  Waterford, 

Iv.  n.  1. 
Vortigem,  Hengist*Btreachery  to,  xliv.  n.*. 

Wales,  meaning  of  the  name,  xxix.  n. 
Walscli  (Germ.),  cognate  with  the  Irish 

word  Gali,  xxix. 
Warner  (Fred.),  erroneous  statement  of, 

cxcvii.  n.«. 
Wars,  Danish,  duration  of,  3.  221. 
Waterford  (Loch    Dacaech),  arrival   of 

Danea  at,  IxxxLr.  31.  234  ;  Hy  Irar  of, 

292 ;    ancient  native  names  of,   292 ; 

Danish  name  of,  ib. ;  date  of  first  Danish 

settlement  thcre,  Ixxxiv.  n.  292  ;  Danea 

of,  slain  at  Clontarf,  cxci.  n.  207 ;  its 

bishopric  fonndcd  by  the  Danes,  cxcix. 

Sec  Port  Lairge,  and  Loch  Da-Caech. 

See  Vedrafiord. 
Wealth    of  the   Danes,  how  obtained, 

cxlvii.  n.  115. 
Wearmouth.    See  Donemuth. 
Weir  of  Clontarf,  Tordhelbach  drowned 

at,  clxxxir. ;   battle  named  from,  i&. 

n.  > ;  its  prcsent  site,  ib. 
Welsh  Chronicles,  first  invasion  of  Ire- 

land  by  the  Norsemen  recorded  in,xx3eiL 
Whelan.    See  Faelain. 
White  Gentiles,  xxxi.  1 9 ;  not  Danes  but 

Norwegians,  cir. 
Williams  ab  Ithel  (Kev.  J.),  reprint  of 

Brut  y  Ty wysogion,  by,  zxxii.  n. 

Yew  of  Boss,  166,  n.».  167. 

Yew  tree,  Maelmordha  found  in,  cxliz. 

119. 
Tork,  occupied  by  the  Danea,  Izzx.    See 

Cair,  or  Cair-Ebroc. 

Zain.    See  Stain. 


J 


ERRATA. 


Ixix,  line  11,  for  MaelseachHnny  read  Maeiseachîainn, 

Ixxv,  note,  col.  1,  line  6  from  bottom,  for  Suanloag,  read  Suanloga, 

Ixxxvij,  note,  col.  2,  line  2  from  bottom,  for  Cafhach^  read  Cartiiach, 

xciii,  note,  col.  1,  line  7  from  bottom,  for  Eochadh-,  read  Eochaidh, 

c,  note,  col.  1,  line  6  from  bottom,  for  Oighiaîloj  read  OirghiaUa. 

cviii,  note,  ool.  2,  line  27  from  bottom,  for  "920,"  read  "907,  8." 

cxii,  note,  col.  2,  last  line,  for  "920,"  read  "907,  8." 

cxiv,  note,  col.  2,  line  2  from  bottom,  for  Ceimeideigh^  read  Cenneidigh. 

cxy,  line  3,  for  Legh  Moghcu,  read  Leth  Mogha, 

—    line  24,  for  "the  present  county  of  Keny,**  read  "in  the  present 

county  of  Kerry." 
dxxiv,  note,  col.  2,  line  12  from  bottom,  for  "  Dalaradia,"  lead  "Dalriada.** 
21,  line  10,  for  "Laighen,"  read  "Laighin." 
135,  line  10,  for  "Gali,"  read  "GailL" 
177,  line  10,  for  "FerghaU,"  read  "Ferghal." 


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A  2 


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Modus  Tenendi  PARLIA3IENTUM.  An  Ancient  Treatise  on  the  Mode 
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of  London,  assisted  hy  the  Bev.  John  Shaspe,  Bector  of  Castle 
£aton,  WiltB.  FinaUj  completed  for  publication,  and  with  an 
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The  Acts  of  the  Pabliaments  of  Scotland.    11  vols.  folio  (1814 

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6 

State  Fapebs^  durikg  the  Beign  of  Hsk&y  ths  Eighth  t  wiih  In- 
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Vols.  n.  &  III. — Correspondence  relatîng  to  Ireland. 
Vols.  IV.  &  V. — CoiTCspondence  relating  to  Scotland^ 
Vols.  VI.  to  XI. — Correspondence  between    England   aud  Foreign 
Courts. 

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CALENDABS  OF  STATE  PAPERS. 


[IiiPEBiAL  8yo.    IMce  ISs.  each  Volume  or  Part.] 

Calendar  of  State  Fafebs,  Doidbstig  Sebies,  of  the  Beigns  of 
Edward  vi.,  MabT|  and  Elizabeth,  preserred  in  Hor  Majestj's 
Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  Robebt  Lemon,  £sq.,  F.S.A. 
1856-1865. 

Voi.  I.— 1547-1580. 

Voi.  IL— 1581-1590. 

CALEKDAă  OF   StATB  PAFEBS,    DOHESTIO   SeRIBS,  OF  TdE  RBIQff  OF 

James  I.,   preserved  in   Her  Majesty's  Public  Record   Office. 
Edited  by  Mart  Anne  Everett  Orbbn.    1857-1859. 

Voi.  I.— 1608-1610. 

Voi.  II 1611-1618. 

Voi.  III.— 1619-1623. 

Voi.  IV 1623-1625,  with  Addenda. 

Oalsndar  OF  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Reiqn  of 
Charles  1.»  preserved  in  Her  Miyestj's  Public  Record  Office. 
EdUsed  hy  JoHK  Bbucb,  Esq.,  F.S.A.     1858-1866. 

Voi.  I.— 1625-1626. 

Voi.  IL— 1627-1628. 

Voi.  m.— 1628-1629. 

VoL  IV.— 1629-1631. 

Voi.  V.— 1631-1633. 

Voi.  VI.— 1633-1684. 

Voi.  Vn.— 1634-1635. 

Voi.  VIU— 1635. 

Voi.  IX.— 1635-1636. 
Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Rbion  of 
Charles  II.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  Mart  Ânne  Everett  Green.     1860-1866, 

Voi.  1.-1660-1661. 

Voi.  IL— 1661-1662. 

Voi.  in.— 1663-1664. 

Voi.  IV.— 1664-1665. 

Voi.  V.— 1665-1666. 

Voi.  VI.— 1666-1667. 

Voi.  vn.— 1667. 
Calendar  of   State  Papers  relating  to  Scotland,  preserved  in 
Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.    Edited  by  Markham  John 
Thorpe,  Esq.,  of  St.  Edmund  Hali,  Oxford.     1858. 

Voi.  I.,  the  Scottish  Series,  of  the  Reigns  of  Henry  VIII., 
Edward  VI.,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  1509-1589. 

Voi.  n.,  the  Scottish  Series,  of  the  Reign  oî  Elisabeth, 
1589-1603  ;  an  Appendix  to  the  Scottish  Series,  1548- 
1592 ;  and  the  State  Papers  relating  to  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots  durîng  her  Detention  in  England,  1568-1587 


8 

Calendar  of  Statb  Papers  relating  to  Irelanb,  prenerved  in  Het 
Majestj's   Public  Record    Office.     Edited    by   Hans     Clavde 
Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S. A.     1 860. 
Voi.  L— 1509-1573. 

Calendar  op  Statk  Papers,  Colonial  Series,  preserved  in  Hcr 
Majestj's  Public  Record  Office,  and  elsewhere.  JSdited  by  W. 
Noel  Sainsbury,  Esq.     1860-1862. 

Voi.  L — ^America  and  West  Indies,  1574-1660. 
Voi.  II. — ^East  Indies,  China,  and  Japan^  1518-1616. 

Calendar  of  Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Doubstic,  of  the 
Reion  of  Henry  Vm.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public 
Record  Office,  the  British  Museum,  &c.  Edited  hy  J.  S. 
Brewer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's  Collegc, 
London.    1862-1864. 

Voi.  1.-1509^1514. 

Voi.  n.  (in  Two  PartB)— 1515-1518. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Rbign  of 
Edward  VI.,  preserved  in  Her  Majestj's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  W.  B.  Turnbcll,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister- 
at-Law,  and  Correspond^t  du  Comită  Lnperial  des  Travaux 
Historiques  et  des  Soci6t6s  Savantes  de  France      1861. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
Mart,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited 
by  W.  B.  TuRNBULL,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law, 
and  Correspjndant  du  Comite  Imperial  des  Ti*avaux  Historique^ 
et  des  Societ^s  Savantes  de  France.     1861. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
Elizabeth,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office,  &c. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  University 
CoUege,  Durham.    1863-1866. 

Voi.  L— 1558-1559. 
Voi.  II.— 1559-1560. 
Vol.ni.— 1560ul561. 
Voi  IV.— 1561-1562. 

Calendar  of  Letters,  Despatches,  and  State  Papers  relating 
to  the  Negotiations  between  England  and  Spain,  preserved  in 
the  Archives  at  Simancas,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  by  G«  A. 
Bergenroth.     1 862-1 867. 

Voi.  I.— Hen.  VH.— 1485-1509. 
Voi.  II.— Hen.  VIII.— 1509-1525. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  and  Manusoripts,  relating  to  Engush 
Affairs,  preserved  in  the  Archives  of  Venice,  hc.  Edited  by 
Rawdon  Brown,  Esq.    1864. 

Voi.  I— 1202-1505). 


■/ 


In  the  Press. 

Calendar  of  State  Fafers  relating  to  iRELAim,  prescrved  in 
Her  Majestj's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  hy  Hans  Claude 
Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.    Voi.  IL— 1574-1585. 

Calendar  of  Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Domestic,  of  the 
Reion  of  Henry  Vm.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty'B  Public  Re- 
cord Office,  the  British  Museum,  &c.     Edited  hy  J.  S.  Brewer, 
M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's  College,  London. 
'     Voi.  ni.— 1519-1523. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  and  Manuscripts,  relating  to  English 
Affairs,  preserved  in  the  Archîvcs  of  Venice,  &c.  Edited  hy 
Rawdon  Brown,  Esq.    Voi.  II. — Henry  VIII. 

Calendar  of  the  Carew  Papers,  preserved  in  Lambeth  Library. 
Edited  hy  J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A«,  Professor  of  English  Litei-ature, 
King's  College,  London  ;  and  Willtam  Bullen,  Esq.  Voi.  I. — 
Henry  VIH.,  &c. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
Charles  I.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  hy  John  Bruce,  Esq.,  F^S.A.     Voi.  X.— 1636-1637. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Colonial  Series,  preserved  in  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  hy  W, 
No£l  Sainsbury,  Esq.  Voi.  III. — East  Indies,  China,  and  Japan. 
1617,  &c. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
Elizabeth,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  hy  the  Rev.  Josbph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  University 
College,  Durham.     Voi.  V.— 1562. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
Elizabeth  (continued),  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office.     Edited  hy  Mart  Anne  Evbrett  Green.     1591,  &c. 


In  Progress. 

Calendar  of  Letters,  Despatcues,  and  State  Papers  relatinţ^ 
to  the  Negotiations  between  England  and  Spain,  preserved  in 
the  Archives  at  Simancas,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  hy  G.  A. 
Beroenroth,     Voi.  m. — Henry  VIII. — continued. 


10 


THE  CHRONICLES  AND  MEMORIALS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 
AND  IRELAND  DURING  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 


[RoYAL  8vo.     IMce  lOs.  each  Volume  or  Part.] 


1.  The  Chroniclb  op  England,  by  John  Capgbave.    Edited  hy  the 

Rer.  F.  C.  HmaBSTON,  M.A.,  of  Exetef  College,  Oxford.    1858. 

2.  CflKOKicoN  MoNASTERii  DE  Abingbow.     Vols.  î.  ttnd  li.    Edited 

hy  the  Rev.  eTosEPH  Steveitson,  M.A.,  of  XJniversîty  College, 
Durham,  and  Vicar  of  Leighton  Buzzard.     1858. 

3.  LiYES  OF  Edwabp  the  Cokfessor.    I.-— La  Estoire  de  Seint  Aed- 

ward  le  Rei.  II.— -Vita  Beati  Edvardi  Regia  et  Confessoris. 
m. — ^Vita  JBduuardi  Regis  qui  apud  Westmonasterium  requiescit. 
Edited  by  Henry  Richabds  Luard,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  AjBsistant 
Tutor  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.     1858. 

4«  MoNUMENTA  Franciscana  ;  scilicet,  I. — Thomas  de  Eccleston  de 
Adventu  Fratrum  Minorum  in  Angliam.  II. — ^Adse  de  Marisco 
Epistolse.  in.-^Regi8trum  Fratrum  Minorum  Londonias.  Ediied 
by  J.  S.  Brbwer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King't 
College,  London.     1858. 

5.  Fasciculi  ZizAiaoRUM  Magistri  JoHANins  Wyclib»  cuM  TrItico. 

Ascribed  to  Thomas  Nbtter,  of  Walden,  Provincial  of  the 
Carmelite  Order  in  England,  and  Confessor  to  King  Henry  the 
Fifth»  Edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Shirlet,  M.A.,  Tutor  and  late 
Fellow  of  Wadham  College,  Oxford.     1858. 

6.  The  Buik  of  the  Croniclis  op  Scotland  ;  or,    A    Metrical 

Version  of  the  History  of  Hector  Boece  ;  by  William  Stewart. 
Vols.  I.,  n.,  and  IIL  Edited  by  W.  B.  Turnbull,  Esq.,  of 
Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law«      1858. 

7.  JoHANNis  Capgrave  Liber  DE  Illustribus  Henricis.    Ediied 

by  the  Rev.  P.  C.  Hingeston,  M.A.,  of  Exeter  CoUege,  Oxford. 
1858. 

8.  HiSTORIA  MONASTERII  S.  AuGUSTIKI  Ci!^TUARIEKSlâ,  by  ThOICAS 

OF  Elhham,  formerly  Monk  and  Treasurer  of  that  Foundation. 
Edited  by  Charles  Hardwick,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St.  Catharine's 
Hali,  and  Chrîstian  Advocate  in  the  University  of  Cambridge, 
1858. 


n 

9.  EuLOGiiTM  (HistORiAittJH  SIVE  Tem^osis)  !  Chronicon  ab  Orbe 

condito  usque  ăd  Anntim  Domini  1366  ;  a  Monacho  quodam 
Mabnesbiriensi  exaratum.  Yols.  I.,  II.,  and  in<  JSdited  by  F.  S. 
Haybok,  Esq.,  B.A<     1858-^1863. 

10.  Mehoioals  of  Henrt  thb  Seyenth  :  Bernardi  Andre»  Tho- 
losatis  Vita  Begis  Henrici  Septimî ;  necnon  alia  qusedam  ad 
eundem  Begem  spectantia*  Edited  by  James  Gairdneb,  £sq. 
1868. 

11.  MsMOBiALS  OF  H£NBT  THE  FiFTH.  I. — ^Yita  Henrîci  Quinti, 
Boberto  Bedmanno  auctore.  U. — ^Vereus  Bbytlunici  in  laudem 
Begis  Henrici  Quinti«  III. — Elmhami  Liber  Metricus  de 
Henrico  V.     Edited  by  Chables  A.  Cole,  Eeq.     1858. 

12.  MuNiMEXTA    GiLDHALL^    LoNDOKiBNSis ;    Liber    Albuş,    Liber 

Gustumarum,  et  Liber  Horn,  in  archivis  Gildhall»  asservati. 
Voi.  I.,  Liber  Albuş.  Voi.  U.  (in  Two  Parts),  Liber  Custumarum. 
VoL  III.,  Translation  of  the  Anglo-Norman  Passages  in  Liber 
Albuş,  Glossaries,  Appendices,  and  Index.  Edited  by  Henby 
Thomas  Bilet,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Barrister-at-Law.     1859-1860. 

ld«  Chronica  Johakkis  db  Oxenedbs.  Edited  by  Sir  Henbt 
Ellis,  K.H.     1859. 

14.  A  COLLECTION  OF  PoLITICAL  PoEMS  AND  SONGS  BELATIKG  TO 
EngLISH   HiSTOBY,   FROM    thb   AcCESSION    OF   EdWARD    III.   TO 

THE  Beign  of  Henby  VIU.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  Edited  by 
Thomas  WRiGâT,  Esq.,  M.A.     1859-1861. 

15.  The  "  Opus  Teetium,"  "  Opus  Minus,"  &c.,  of  Bogek  Bacon. 
Edited  by  J.  S.  Breweb,  M.A.,  Professor  of  EngJish  Litera- 
turo, King's  College,  London.     1859. 

16.   BAETHOLOMiEI    DE    COTTON,    MONACHI     NOBWICENSlS,     HiSTOBIA 

Anglicana.  449-1298.  Edited  by  Henby  Bichabds  Luabd, 
M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
1859. 

17.  Bbut  y  Tywysooion  ;  or,  The  Chronicle  of  thePrinces  of  Wales. 
Edited  by  the  Bev.  J.  Williams  ab  Ithel.     1860* 

18.  A  Collection  of    Boyal  and    Histobical  Lettebs  dubing 

THB  Beign  of  Henby  IV.  Edited  by  the  Bev.  F.  C.  Hingeston, 
M.A.,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.     1860. 

19.  The  Bepbessob  of  oveb  huch  Blaminq  of  the  Clebgy.  By 
Beginald  Pecocb,  sometime  Bishop  of  Chichester.  Vols:  I. 
and  II.  Edited  by  Chubohill  Babingtok,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  St. 
John's  College,  Cambridge.     1860. 

20.  Annales  Cambbla.    Edited  by  the  Bev.  J.  Williams  ab  Ithel. 

1860. 


12 

21.  Thk  Works  of  Giaaldus  Cambkensis.  Voie.  L,  II.,  and  IU. 
Edited  %  J.  S.  Brkwbk,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Liieraturc, 
Kin^s  CoUege,  London.     1861-1863. 

22.  Lettbrs  and  Papers  illustrative  op  thb  Wars  of  thk 
Enolish  in  France  during  the  Reign  of  Henry  the  Sixth, 
KiNG  OF  England.  Voi.  L,  and  Voi.  II.  (in  Two  Parts).  Ediied 
by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  Unîversity  CoUege, 
Durhaniy  and  Vicar  of  Leîghton  Buzzard.     1861-1864. 

23.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  according  to  the  several 
Original  Authorities.  Voi.  I.,  Original  Texts.  Voi.  II., 
Translation.  Edited  and  translated  by  Benjamin  Thorpe,  Esq., 
Member  of  the  Royal  Academj  of  Sciences  at  Munich,  and  of 
the  Society  of  Netherlandish  Literaturo  at  Leydeo.     1861. 

24.  Letters  and  Papers  illustrative  OF  the  Reigns  OK 
Righard  III.  AND  Henry  VII.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  Ediied  by 
James  Gairdner,  Esq.     1861-1863. 

25.  Letters  of  Bisnop  Grosseteste,  illustrative  of  the  Social  Coo- 

dition  of  hîs  Time.  Edited  by  Henrt  Richards  Luard,  M.A., 
Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity  CoUege,  Cambridge.  1861 

26.  Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Manuscripts  relating  to  thk 
IIisTORT  of  Great  Britain  AND  Ireland.  Vol.  I.  (in  Two 
Parts)  ;  Anterior  to  the  Norman  Invasîon.  Voi.  II.;  1066-1200. 
By  Thomas  Duffus  Hardy,  Esq.,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public 
Records.     1862-1865. 

27.  ROYAL    AND    OTHER  HiSTORIGAL    LeTTBRS   ILLUSTRATIVE  OF  THE 

Reign  OF  Henry  IU.  From  the  Originals  in  the  Public  Record 
Office.  Voi.  L,  1216-1235.  Voi.  H.,  1236-1272.  Selected  and 
edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Shirley,  D.D.,  Regius  Professor  in 
Ecclesiastical  Historj,  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 
1862-1866. 

28.  CURONICA     MONASTERII     S.     AlBANI.  —  1,    ThOM^   WALdlNGBA31 

HisTORiA  Anglicana  ;  Voi.  L,  1272-1381 :  Voi.  II.,  1381-1422. 
2.  WiLLELMi  Rishanger   Chronica   et  Annaleî^,    1259-1307. 

8.   JOHANNIS     DE      TrOKELOWE     ET     HeNRIGI     DE     BlANEPORDE 

CnROxiCA  BT  Annales,  1259-1296;  1307-1324;  1392-1406. 
4.  Gest  A  Abbatum  Monasterii  S.  Alb  ani,  a  Mattu^o  Pari- 
siensi,  Thoma  Walsingham,  et  Auctore  quodam  Axonymo 
coNSCRiPTA.  Edited  by  Henry  Thomas  Rilry,  Esq.,  M.A.,  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  Camhridge,  and  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
Uarrister-at-Law.     1863-1 867. 

29.  ChRONICON     ABBATIiE     EVESHAMENSIS,     AUCTORIBUS     DOMINICO 

Priore  Eveshami^   et   Thoma  de  Marleberge  Abbate,  a 

FUNDATIONE    AD    AnNUM    1213,     UNA    CUM    CONTINUATIONE  AD 

Annum  1418.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  D.  Macray,  M.A., 
Bodleian  Lîbrary,  Oxford.     1863. 


Io 
30.   RlCABDI    DB    CiRENCESTRIA    SPECULUM    HiSTORIALE    DE     GfiSTlâ 

Regum  Angllb.  Voi.  L,  447-871.  Edited  hy  John  E.  B. 
Mayob,  M«A.,  Fellow  and  Assistaiit  Tutor  of  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge.     1863. 

31.  Yeab  Books   of   THE  Beign  of  Edward  THE  FiBST.     Years 

20-21,  30-31,  and  32-33.  Edited  and  iranslated  by  Alfred 
John  Horwood,  Esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Barrîster-at-Law. 
1863-1866. 

32.  Narratives  of  the  Exfujlsion  of  the  Enolish  prom  Nor- 
mandt,  1449-1450. — ^BobertusBlondelli  de  Beductîouo  Normannise: 
Le  Recouvrement  de  Normendie,  par  Berry,  Herault  du  Boy: 
Confercuces  between  the  Ambassadors  of  France  and  England. 
Edited^  from  MSS.  in  the  Imperial  Library  at  Paris,  by  the 
Bev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  Unîversity  College,  Durham. 
1863. 

33.  HiSTORiA  ET  Cartularium  Monasterii  S.  Petri  Gloucestrue. 
Vols.  I.  and  II.  Edited  by  W.  H.  Hart,  Esq.,  F.S.  A.  ;  Membre 
correspondant  de  la  Socî^t^  des  Antîquaires  de  Normandie.  1863- 
1865. 

34.  Alexandri    Neckah    de    Naturis   Berum  libri   duo  ;    witli 

Nbckah's  Poem,  De  Laudibus  Divina  Sapibntls.  Edited  by 
Thomas  Wriqht,  Esq.,  M.A.     1863. 

35.  Lebohdohs,  Wortounmino,    and   Starcraft  of    Early    Eng- 

land ;  being  a  Collection  of  Documenta  illustrating  the  History 
of  Science  iu  thîs  Country  before  the  Norman  Conquest.  Vols. 
L,  II.,  and  III.  Collected  and  edited  by  the  Bev.  T.  Oswald 
CocKATNE,  M.A.,  of  St.  John*8  CoUege,  Cambridge.     1864-1866. 

36.  Annales  Monastici.  Voi.  I. : — Annales  de  Maigan,  1066-1232  ; 
Annales  de  Theokesberia,  1066-1263  ;  Annales  de  Burtoii,  1004- 
1263.  Voi.  II. :— Annales  Monasterii  de  Wintonia,  519-1277  ; 
Annales  Monasterii  de  Waverleia,  1-1291.  VoL  III. :— Annales 
Prioratus  de  Dunstaplia,  1-1297  ;  Annales  Monasterii  de  Bermun- 
deseia,  1042-1432.  Edited  by  Henrt  Biohards  Luard,  M.A., 
Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Ti-inity  College,  and  Begistrary  of 
the  Unîversity,  Cambridge.      1864-1866. 

37.  Magna  Vita  S.  Hugonis  Episcopi  Lincolniensis.    From  Manu- 

scripts  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  and  the  Imperial  Librarj', 
Paris.  Edited  by  the  llcv.  James  F.  Dimook,  M.A.,  Boctor  of 
Bamburgh,  Yorkshire.     1864. 

38.  Chronicles  and  Memorials  of  the  Beign  of  Bichard  the 
First,  Voi.  I.: — Itinerarium  Pereqrinorum  et  Gesta  Begis 
BiOARDi.  VoL  n.; — EpiSTOL-fi  Cantuariensbs  j  the  Letters  of 
the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Christ  Church,  Canterbury  ;  1187  to 
1 199.  Edited  by  William  Stubba,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Navestook, 
Essex,  and  Lambeth  Lîbrarîan.     1864-1865. 


14 

89.  BvouEiL  DBS  Croniquks  et  AirOHiBMNBS  Ibtobibb  db  j^  Obaitt 
Bbbtaignb  ▲  PRESEKT  NOXME  Ekoletebbb,  par  Jbhan  de 
Waubik.  From  Albina  to  688.  Edited  hy  Williax  Hardt, 
Esq.,  F.S.A.     1864. 

40.   A  COLLECTIOK  OF  THE    ChBOBICLES  ABB  AKCIBBT  HiSTOBIES  DF 

Great  Bbitaih^  now  callbd  EiraLÂBD,  by  John  de  Wayrik. 
From  Albina  to  688.  (Translation  of  ihe  preceding.)  Edited 
and  translated  hy  William  Hardt,  Esq.,  F.S.A«     1864. 

41.  FoLYCHRONicoN  Rakttlphi  Higdev,  with  Trevisa's  Translation. 

Voi.  I.  Edited  hy  Churohill  Babivgtok,  B.D.,  Senior  Fellow 
of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.     1865. 

42.  Le  Litere  de  Beis  de  Brittanie  e  Ll&  Litere  de  Reis  de 
Engleterb.  Edited  hy  John  Gloter,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Brading, 
Isle  of  Wight,  formerly  Librarîan  of  Triniţy  College,  Cambridge. 
1865. 

43.  Chronioa  Monasteeu  db  Melsa,  ab  Anno  1150  usque  ad 
Annum  1400,  Voi.  L  Edited  hy  Edward  Augdstus  Bond,  Esq., 
Assistant  Keeper  of  the  Manuscripts,  and  Egerton  Librarian, 
British  Museum.    1866. 

44.  Matth^j    Parisibnsis  Historia  Anglorum,  bite,  ut  tulgo 

DiciTUR,  Historia  Minor.  Vols.  L  and  II.  1067-1245. 
Edited  hy  Sir  Frederic  Madden,  K.H.,  Keeper  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Manuscripts,  British  Museum.     1866. 

45.  Liber  de   Htda  :  a  Chroniclb  and   Chartulart  of    Htde 

Abbet,  WiNOHESTBRt  Editedy  from  a  Manuscript  in  the  Library 
of  the  Earl  of  Maccle^eld,  hy  Edward  Edttards,  Esq.     1866. 

46.  Chronioon  Sootoruh  :  a  Chroniclb  of  Iribh  Affairs,  from 
the  Earliest  Tihes  to  1135;  with  a  Supplehbnt,  containing 
the  Events  from  1141  to  1150.  Edited,  with  a  Translation,  hy 
WiLLiAK  Maunsell  Hennessy,  Esq.,  M.R.I.A.     1866. 

47.  The  Chroniclb  op  Fierbe   de   Langtoft,  in   French  Verse, 

from  the  earliest  Feriod  to  the  Death  op  Edward  I. 
Voi.  I.     Edited  hy  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A.     1867. 

48.  The  War  of  the  Gaedhil  with  the  Gaill,  or  The  Intasions  op 
Ireland  by  the  Danes  and  other  NoRSEiiEN,  Edited,  with  a 
Translation,  hy  James  Hbnthobn  Todd,  D.D.,  Senior  Fellow 
of  Trinity  College,  and  Regius  Frofessor  of  Hebrew  in  the 
University,  Dublin.    1867. 


15 


In  the  Press. 

A  COLLECTIOX  OF  SaGAS  AND  OTHER  HiSTOBICAL  DoCUMEKTB  relatîllg 

to  the  SettlementB  and  Descents  of  the  Northmen  ou  the  British 
Isles.    EeUted  hy  Georgb  Webbe  Dasbkt,  Eeq.,  D.C.L.  Oxon. 

Official  Cobrespondence  of  Thomas  Bektnton,  Secbetart  to 
Henrt  vi.,  with  other  Letters  and  Dogumekts.  EdUed 
by  the  Bot.  Geobgs  Willuus,  B.D.,  Senior  Fellow  of  King*8 
College,  Cambridge. 

Original  Docuuxnts  illustratite  of  AcADEincAL  and  Clerical 
Life  and  Studies  at  Oxford  between  the  Reigns  of 
Henrt  m.  and  Henrt  VIL  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Henrt 
Anstbt,  M.A.,  Vice-Principal  of  St.  Mary  Hali,  Oxford, 

RoLL  OF  THE  Privt  Council  OF  Ireland,  16  BiCHARD  IE.  EdUed 
by  the  Rev.  James  Gratis,  A.B.,  Treasurer  of  St.  Canice, 
Ireland. 

RiCARDI  DE  CiRENCESTRIA  SfECULUM  HiSTORIALE  DE  GeSTIS  ReGUM 

ANGLiiE.  Vol.n.,  872-1066.  Edited  %  John  E.  B.  Mator, 
M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  St.  John's  College,  and 
Librarian  of  the  Unlversity,  Cambridge. 

The  Works  of  Giraldus  Cambrsnsis.  VoL  IV.  Edited  by 
J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Lîterature,  King's 
College,  London. 

Chronicon     RiDULPHi    Abbatis    Coggesşalensis    Majus  ;    andy 

ChRONICON  TERRiB    SANOTiB   ET   DE   CaPTIS  A    SaLADINO   HiERO- 

S0LTMI8.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of 
UnÎTersitj  College,  Durham. 

Reciteil  des  Croniques  et  anchienvbs   Ibtories  de   la  Grant 

Bretaigne   a  present  nokme   Engleterre,   par  Jehan  de 

i  Waurin  (eontinued).    Edited  by  Williah  Hardt,  Esq.,  F.S.A, 

PoLTCHRONicoN    Ranulphi    Higden,    with    Trevîsa's    Translatîon. 
Voi.  IL     Edited  by  Churchill  Babington,  B.D.,  Senior  Fellow 
[  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge. 

Iter  Brttanniarum  :  the  Portion  of  the  Antonine  Itinerart  of 
,j  THE  Roman  Empire  relating  to  Great  Britain.    Edited  by 

^  WiLLiAM  Henrt  Blaok,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

^  HiSTORiA   ET  Cartularium  Monasterii    S.  Petri  Gloucestruk, 


V. 


Voi.  ni.     Edited  by  W.  H.  Hart,  Esq.,  F.S.A. ;  Membre  corre- 
spondant  de  la  Societ^  des  Antîquaires  de  Normandie. 

CEntONIOLE    ATTBIBUTBD    TO    BeNEDICT,    AbBOT  OF  PeTERBOROUGH, 

Edited  by  William  Stubbs,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of  ISiţodem 
History,  Oxford,  and  Lambeth  Librarian. 


IG 

Chronica  MoNASTERii  DR  Melsa,  ab  Anno  1150  usque  ad  ANxmi 
1400.  Voi.  ir.  Edited  by  Edwabd  Augustus  Bond,  Esq., 
Keeper  of  the  Department  of  Manuscripts,  British  Museum. 

Matth^.i  Parisiensis  Historia  Angloruh,  sive,  ut  vulgo  dicitur, 
HisTORiA  Minor.  Voi.  IIL  Edited  by  Sir  Frsdbrig  Madden, 
K.H.,  late  Keeper  of  the  Department  of  Manuscript»,  British 
Maseum. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  op  Manuscripts  relating  to  the  Histobt 
OP  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Voi.  III. ;  1201,  &c.  By 
Thomas  Dufpus  Hardt,  Esq.,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public 
Record  s. 


In  Progress. 

Documents  rklating  to  England  and  Scotland,  from  thk 
Northern  Begisters.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  James  Raink, 
M. A,,  of  Durham  Unîversîty. 

WiLLELMr    Malmesbiriensis    de    Gestis   Pontificum   Anglorum 
LiBRi  V.  Edited,  from  William  of  Malmesbury^s  Autograph  MS,^ 
by  N.  E.  S.  A.  Hakilton,  Esq.,  of  the  Department  of  Manuscripts, 
British  Museum. 

Chronicle  of  Robert  of  Brunne.  Edited  by  Frederick  James 
FuRNivALL,  Esq.,  M.A.,  of  Trinity  Hali,  Cambridge,  Barrister- 
at-Law. 

Annales  Monastici.  Voi.  IV.  Edited  by  Henry  Richabds  Luabd, 
M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trijoity  CoUege,  and  Regis* 
trary  of  the  Universîty,  Cambridge. 

Year  Books  of  the  Reign  of  Edward  the  First.  Years  21  and  22. 
Edited  and  translated  by  Alfred  John  Horwood,  Esq.,  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  Barrister-at-Law. 

Tbe  Chronici.e  of  Pierre  de  Langtoft,  in  French  Verse,  from 

THE    EARLIEST  PeUÎOD   TO   THE   DeATH    OF  EdwARD   I.      Vol.  II. 

Edited  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A. 


Jannary  1 867. 


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Full text of "Lege pentru organizarea comunelor urbane (Promulgată prin înaltul decret regal cu no. 2.898 din 23 iulie 1894 și publicată prin Monitorul oficial no. 96 din 31 iulie 1894) Cu toate modificările suferite până în prezent"

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