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HARVARD UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
FROM THE
WILLARD PEELE HUNNEWELL
(CLASS OF 1904)
MEMORIAL FUND
Cos
The income of this fund is used for the purchase of entomological books
i
my
oie ay
~
THE COLHOPTHRA
OF
PEE BRITISH ISLANDS
~
LONDON:
PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST, JOHN’S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL ROAD.
~
THE
COLHOPTEH RA
OF
THE BRITISH ISLANDS.
A “DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILIES, GENERA, AND
SPECIES INDIGENOUS TO GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND,
WILLD NOTES AS LO LOCALIUIES,) ILA BLA Tess ECs
BY THE
REV. CANON FOWLER, M.A., F.L.S.
SEcRETARY TO THE ENTOMOLOGICAL Society or LONDON, AND Epiror (FoR COLEOPTERA) OF
THE ‘‘Enromoxroaeist’s Montaty MAGAZINE.”
VOin. til:
CLAVICORNIA
(LEPTINIDS-HETEROCERID #.)
LONDON :
L. REEVE AND CoO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN
1889.
YRAREL
YE OLCOS S00. EUR
COLO PABA.
CLAVICORNIA (continued).
Tus division of the Coleoptera, as has been already observed (vol. i.
p- 217), must be regarded as more or less artificial, and as adopted for
the sake of convenience, rather than as being scientifically accurate, and
perhaps it must be admitted that the more the various forms are studied,
the more obvious does it become that the division is a very loose one,
and that certain of its members present such close affinities to other
families that they can hardly be separated from them ; in fact, it seems
more than probable that the term Clavicornia, as applied to a group, will,
sooner or later, be abandoned altogether; as, however, it has already
been adopted in this work, it seems the best course still to retain it; the
group Clavicornia is therefore regarded as containing the Hydrophilide
(vol. i. pp. 217-261), the Staphylinidz (vol. i1.), and the whole of the
various families contained in the present volume ; the Staphylinide
have been, for convenience’ sake, placed in a separate volume, but, as a
matter of fact, their proper position appears to be between the Pselaphide
(Huplectus) on the one hand, and the Trichopterygide (Ptinella) on the
other; in one sense, therefore, the present volume commencing with the
Leptinide and Silphide, ought rather to be regarded as the second and
not the third volume, the order of the families being Hydrophilide,
Leptinide, Silphide, Scydmenide, Pselaphide, Staphylinide, Trichop-
terygide, &e.
As regards the arrangement of the Clavicorn series I have followed
almost entirely that of the catalogue published by the Rev. A. Matthews
and myself in 1883; Mr Matthews has studied the anatomy of the
group almost more than any other Coleopterist, and his arrangement will,
in most points, be found to be correct and logical; at the same time it
must be borne in mind that it is perfectly impossible to construct any
linear arrangement or tabulated synopsis of the families ; their affinities
are so intermingled and so closely inosculate one with another, that all
attempts to do this have proved utterly unsatisfactory, and, for all prac-
tical purposes, worse than useless. I have therefore merely given below
the chief characters of each family, being convinced that to draw up a
practically useful dichotomous table of the families is an impossibility.
T am largely indebted to the work on the Classification of the Coleoptera
of North America, by Dr. Leconte and Dr. Horn, for many of tlw
VOL. Ill. B
¥ CLAVICORNIA.
characters I have adopted, and beg here to express my obligation to their
work generally, but I cannot help thinking that their table of the
Clavicorn families (Introduction, p. xxxi) would tend far rather to
mystify than to instruct the ordinary student of Coleoptera, and yet it is
probably the best yet published ; in no group is a general acquaintance
with forms more needed, as there are a very large number of obscure and
closely allied genera contained in the various families; every student,
therefore, is strongly recommended to make himself acquainted with as
many members of the group as possible superficially, before he begins to
study the complex as a whole.
Hydrophilidz. This family is chiefly distinguished by the great
development of the maxillary palpi; these in many instances are several
times longer than the antennz, which are inserted under the sides of the
front, and are composed of from six to nine joints and terminate in a
club, which is usually 3-jointed ; the abdomen is made up of five, rarely
seven, free segments ; the tarsi are all five-jointed, and the middle and
posterior tibize are often ciliate and compressed for swimming ; the size
is very variable (from 4mm. to 48mm.).
Leptinide. Closely.allied to the Silphide, but differmg in their
transverse mentum, long filiform antennz, small anterior coxe, very
short metasternum, and the fact that the sternal epipleure of the elytra
are almost obsolete or very little pronounced ; eyes entirely wanting or
represented by translucent eye spots; size small.
Silphide. Mentum quadrate, antenne straight, inserted under the
margin of the front, 11-jointed, rarely 9- or 10-jointed, thickened
towards apex or more often furnished with a club; eyes finely granu-
lated, sometimes absent ; thorax margined ; anterior coxze large, conical
and contiguous; abdomen composed of five or six ventral segments ;
elytra often not covering the whole body; legs sometimes stout, some-
times slender ; tibia, as a rule, spinose externally ; tarsiusually, but not
always, 5-jointed ; size very variable (} mm, to 30 mm.).
Scydmeenidz. Mentum transverse: antenne 11-jointed, inserted
upon the front, thickened or clavate ; maxillary palpi long with the last
joint very small; anterior coxee subovate, contiguous; thorax not or
scarcely transverse ; elytra covering the abdomen entirely or with the
pygidium rarely exposed (as in Huthia) ; abdomen with five or six free
ventral segments ; lees moderately long, tarsi 5-jomted with the claws
simple; size very small.
Clavigeride.. Allied to the Pselaphide, but distinguished by having
the joints of the antenne varying in number from two to six and the
palpi one-jointed and rudimentary ; the head is long and cylindrical, and
«the basal segments of the abdomen are connate and deeply excavated ;
size very small.
Pselaphidee. Mentum small, more or less quadrate ; antennz in-
CLAVICORNIA. 3
serted on the front above the base of the mandibles, as a rule 11-jointed ;
maxillary palpi usually very long; anterior cox® conical, contiguous ;
thorax very variable ; elytra very much abbreviated, leaving a great part
of the abdomen exposed ; abdomen composed of six or seven free ventral
segments ; legs long with the femora usually clavate ; tarsi 3-jointed with
the claws equal or unequal and very often single ; size very small.
Staphylinide. The characters of this family will be found fully
discussed at the beginning of vol. ii.; the principal distinguishing ones
are as follows :—Elytra truncate, with a straight suture, never dehiscent,
very much abbreviated, so that the greater part of the abdomen is
exposed (except in rare instances); wings when present completely
folded beneath the elytra; abdomen or hind body composed of seven
segments, all freely movable, and all entirely, or almost entirely, corneous,
even when more or less hidden by the elytra ; size very variable (¢ mm.
to 28 mm.).
Trichopterygide. This family contains the most minute of all
Coleoptera ; its genera may be known by their pedunculated lanceolate
wings which are fringed on both sides with long sete, and by their
3-jointed tarsi; the maxille are bilobed; their antenne are generally
long and very slender and ornamented with long verticillated hairs ;
the last three joints usually form an elongate club; they vary much in
outward form, and in many characters exhibit a close affinity to the
Staphylinide, from which they appear to lead by an easy gradation
into the other Clavicorn groups.
Corylophide. The members of this family are very small oval or
round convex insects, which are very closely related to the Trichoptery-
gide through having their wings fringed with long hairs; the wings,
however, are much shorter, and the species are further distinguished
by having the maxille unilobed and the tarsi 4-jointed (the third joint
being small and concealed in an emargination of the second joint); the
abdomen is composed of six free ventral segments.
Spheeriide. Only one genus is contained in this family, which is
closely allied to both the Trichopterygide and the Corylophide ; the
wings are fringed with long hairs; the maxille have two lobes; * the
antenne are l1l-jointed with a loose 3-jointed club ; the abdomen is
composed of only three ventral segments, and the tarsi are 3-jointed ;
the form is very small, round, and convex, the upper surface being
glabrous and very shining.
Phalacride. ‘lhis family contains a few genera of small ovate or
subhemispherical insects which are very shiny and almost, if not quite,
glabrous ; the head is sunk in the thorax, with the eyes half hidden ;
antenne inserted under the elevated margin of the forehead, 11-jointed,
* According to the generally received opinion, the maxilla of Spherius have only
one lobe, but Mr. Matthews has lately discovered that they are really bilobed.
B 2
4 CLAVICORRNIA«
with the last three joints forming a club ; maxilize with two lobes ;
anterior cox globular; thorax as broad as elytra, margined at sides ;
elytra entirely covering abdomen; legs short and rather stout, tarsi
5-jointed, claws armed with a tooth at base; size small.
Coccinellideze. Form ustally rounded, seldom oval, convex, often
subhemispherieal, usually shining and glabrous, but in some genera
strongly pubescent ; antennze usually 11-jointed, terminated by a more or
less distinct club, inserted on the forehead near eyes ; mandibles, as a
rule, concealed ; maxille with two lobes; thorax transverse and usually
short, anterior coxal cavities, except in one or two genera, elosed behind ;
elytra covering abdomen, which is composed as arule of five free ventral
segments (sometimes of six or seven), the first being furnished with
more or less distinct coxal lines; legs short, more or less retractile,
tarsi apparently 3-jointed, but really 4-jointed, the third joint being very
minute and concealed in the lobes of the seeond joint ; claws appendiculate
or toothed.
Endomychide. This family is closely allied to the preceding ;
the species that belong to it, however, are more elongate in form and
usually are furnished with a transverse groove before base of thorax and
a longitudinal impression on each side ; “the antenna and legs are longer
and the anterior coxal cavities are always open behind ; the chief
difference, however, appears to lie in the fact that the claws are simple
and the first ventral segment has no coxal lines; the tarsi are plainly
4-jointed,* or apparently 3-jointed, the third joint being very small
and concealed.
Erotylidse. The members of this family are closely allied to the
preceding, but may be easily distinguished by having the anterior coxal
cavities closed behind ; from all the species of the Endomychide except
the Mycetzenia, they may be known by having the tarsi distinctly
4-jointed, and, occasionally, 5-jointed ; the antenne are 11-jointed and
are inserted at the sides of the forehead, with the last three or four joints
forming a distinct club; the thorax is distinctly margined ; the elytra
completely cover the abdomen, which is composed of ‘five usually equal
seements ; the legs are moderately long and the claws are simple.
Colydiidee. The members of this family are distinguished by their
usually elongate or cylindrical form, small globular anterior and middle
coxe, and simple 4-jointed tarsi ; the upper surface is, as a rule, shining
and glabrous ; the antenne are inserted under the margin of the front,
and are short, 10- or 11-joited, rarely 8-jointed, and terminate in a
small club ; the anterior coxal cavities are almost always closed behind ;
the elytra always cover the abdomen, which is composed of five ventral
seoments, the first being the largest.
a ae See eee ee
* This is only the case with the Mycetwina which might perhaps, with advantage,
be formed into a separate family.
t
CLAVICORNIA.
an
~
Histeridz. This family is very well defined, and its members are,
with few exceptions, oval or oblong-oval insects, of a shining black or
brownish colour, glabrous, with the elytra sculptured with very distinct
strize ; the size is variable, some of the genera being rather large and
some (as Acritus) very minute; the antennez are short, geniculate, and
usually received in grooves beneath the thorax, and terminate in a very
compact club; the anterior coxal cavities are open behind ; the elytra
are truncate behind, leaving the pygidium and propygidium exposed ;
the abdomen is composed of five ventral segments, the first being the
largest; the legs are short and retractile, with the tibise compressed and
the anterior pair almost always toothed; the tarsi are 5-jointed (except
in Acritus and one or two other genera where they are heteromerous),
and the anterior pair at least are received in grooves on the tibiz.
Micropeplide. This aberrant family has been by many authors
included under the Staphylinide by reason of the much abbreviated
elytra: its present position, however, seems more natural; the antenne
are received in a cavity beneath the margin of the thorax, and are
terminated by an obsoletely 3-jointed, almost solid, club; they are
inserted under the sides of the forehead ; all the coxe are distant, and
the anterior coxal cavities are open behind ; the abdomen is composed
of six segments ; the tarsi are very short, 3-jointed, the last joint being
much longer than the rest; the strongly-ribbed thorax, elytra and
abdomen will serve to distinguish our single genus.
Nitidulidee. The characters of this family are very variable; the
species are mostly small insects with the last one or two segments of the
abdomen very often, but by no means always, exposed: sometimes a
considerable portion of the abdomen is not covered by the elytra: the
antenne are inserted under the margin of the front, and are as a rule
1] jointed, and terminated by a 3-jointed club; the maxille (except in
the Brachypterina) are composed of one lobe ; the abdomen is composed
of five free ventral segments, except in a few genera, where the male has
an extra dorsal segment; the tarsi are 5-jointed, except in the Rhizo-
phagina, in which they are heteromerous in the male; the fourth joint
is always very small; in shape the species vary from short and round or
ovate to long and cylindrical.
Trogositide. This family is closely related to the Nitidulide, but
may easily be distinguished by the fact that the tarsi have the first joint,
and not the fourth, very small; the maxilla have two lobes, and the
elytra always cover the abdomen.
Ifonotomide. ‘This family bears a considerable relation to the
Nitidulids, but, apart from other characters, it may be distinguished by
the shape of the anterior coxa, which in the last named family are
transverse, and in the Monotomide are rounded; the antenne are
inserted under the sides of the forehead, and terminate in a solid or
obsoletely 2-jointed club; the head is large and the eyes are strongly
6 CLAVICORNIA.
granulated ; the thorax is not, or scarcely, transverse, and is more or less
distinctly crenulate at the sides; the elytra are truncate and leave the
pygidium exposed ; the tarsi are 3-jointed ; the species are elongate and
more or less depressed, and are usually dull and strongly sculptured,
being more or less scabrous.
Lathridiide. A rather extensive family of minute insects, the con-
stitution of which has not altogether been settled: form usually more or
less oval, with the head and thorax narrower than the elytra, but some-
times parallel or even filiform; head varying in shape, but usually rather
large in proportion, antennes 8-11 jointed, terminating in a more or less
distinct club; maxilla with two lobes, maxillary palpi 4-jointed, with
the last joint large: anterior cox conical and prominent, with the coxal
cavities closed behind; thorax variable in shape; elytra covering
abdomen; abdomen composed of five free ventral segments, of which
the first is the longest; legs moderate, tarsi 3-jointed, with the first
joint elongate terminating in two small simple claws.
Cucujidz. An extensive family, of which only a few outlying
members are found in Britain, and which is very differently constituted
by different authors: they are elongate or oblong, and more or less de-
pressed, insects; the antennze are inserted at the margin of the front,
and are 11-jointed, sometimes long and slender, sometimes with the apical
joints enlarged, and forming an indistinct club; anterior coxe small,
with the cavities closed in some tribes and open in others ; thorax often
denticulate at sides; elytra covering abdomen in all our tribes; tarsi
5-jointed in both sexes, or with the posterior tarsi occasionally 4-jointed
in the males, first joint usually very small.
Byturidz. A very doubtful family which has been placed in very
different positions by various authors, and can only be considered as
located provisionally ; the single genus, of which it consists, is distin-
guished by its 5-jointed tarsi, of which the fourth joint is small, and the
second and third joints are lobed beneath, and by having the anterior
coxal cavities narrowly closed behind, as well as by its toothed claws ;
the antennz are inserted before the eyes and terminate in a loose 3-jointed
club; the abdomen is composed of five free equal segments; the genus
appears to be most closely related to the Telmatophilina, but also bears
strong affinities to the Mycetophagide and the Nitidulide, as will be seen
by a comparison of their characters.
Cryptophagidez. An extensive family of minute insects which
are easily distinguished from the Lathridiide by having the tarsi all
5-jointed in both sexes or heteromerous in the males; in some respects
they approach certain of the Cucujide, from which they may be known
by the distinct club of the antenne and the longer first ventral
segment; the form is variable, being either oblong, oval, or almost
circular, and the pubescence and sculpture is also very different in the
Various genera; the antennz are 11-jointed, and are inserted at the sides
CLAVICORNIA. v
of the front, or on the front, being distant or approximate at base; the
anterior coxee are transverse and oval, and except in the Diphyllina the
cavities are open behind.
Scaphidiide. This family is placed in its present position partly on
account of the formation of the anterior coxal cavities, of which one
half is formed by the prosternum and the other half by the meso-
sternum :* in Ephistemus the formation is somewhat analogous, and
the present family seems therefore to come somewhat naturally after that
genus; in some respects the characters of the family are somewhat
anomalous; form more or less boat-shaped, with the elytra broadly
truncate and not covering abdomen ; antenne 10-11-jointed, with the
last five or six joints enlarged and forming a slight club, inserted at the
margin of the forehead, which is somewhat prolonged in front; thorax
margined at sides and sinuate at base; elytra with a sutural and marginal
stria; legs very long and slender, with the tarsi filiform, 5-jointed,
abdomen composed of six free ventral segments, of which the first is the
largest and the fifth longer than the three preceding ones; the species
range in size from about 25-6 mm.
Wycetophagidz. Oval or oblong insects, of small or moderate
size, often handsomely variegated with yellowish or orange-red spots,
and with the upper surface always more or less pubescent; they are
characterized by having the tarsi all 4-jointed in the female, and the
anterior pair 8-jointed in the male, the intermediate and posterior pair
in the latter sex being 4-jointed as in the female; the mandibles are
bifid at apex; the antenne are inserted before the eyes and are
11-jointed, with the apical joints gradually thickened or forming a
club; the anterior coxal cavities are always open behind; the thorax is
transverse, truncate at apex, and the elytra usually cover the abdomen,
which is composed of five free and almost equal segments.
Dermestide. An important family of insects which vary consider-
ably in size and general appearance; foim oblong oval or oval, in
some cases almost round, usually strongly pubescent, and sometimes
squamose ; head variable in size, furnished, except in Dermestes, with a
frontal ocellus; antennz inserted in front of the eyes, usually 11-jointed,
but variable, clavate or thickened at apex ; thorax short, usually excavate
beneath for the reception of the antennz ; anterior coxal cavities open
behind ; elytra covering abdomen, not striated; abdomen composed of
five free convex segments; legs short, somewhat contractile, tibia with
distinct spurs, tarsi 5-jointed, with the fifth joint long, and the first four
joints as a rule short, claws simple.
Byrrhidez. This family is in many respects allied to the preceding,
but may as a rule be distinguished by the much more strongly retractile
* Dr. Sharp informs me that this formation is not so uncommon as Mr. Matthews
supposed it to be; the position of this family may therefore have to be modified.
8 CLAVICORNIA.
legs of which the tibie are compressed and generally sulcate for the recep-
tion of the tarsi, and also by the connate anterior segments of the
abdomen, as well as by the usually striated elytra; the antenne are, as a
rule, 11-jointed, rarely 10-jointed, with the apical joints, in our genera,
forming a club; the anterior coxal cavities are open behind; the elytra
cover the abdomen, which is composed of five segments, of which the
first two or three are usually connate; the tarsi are 5-jointed, with the
last joint elongate, except in Aspidiphorus, in which they are heteromerous ;
the species are short, oval, and very convex, and vary very much in size.
Georysside. This and the succeeding family are more or less
aquatic in their habits, and by some authors are placed near the Hydro-
philide ; the family Georysside contains a single genus, Georyssus,
which is very closely allied to EHimis, but may at once be distinguished
by the distinct 3-jointed club of the antenn, and the short 4-jointed
tarsi; all the coxe are distant, and the anterior pair are compressed and
flattened at the tip, forming two plates which conceal the prosternum ;
according to Thomson these plates are formed by the laminate tro-
chanters; the elytra are entire, and are very roughly sculptured; the
abdomen is composed of five segments, of which the first is very large and
the last three are free.
Parnidee. The following are the chief characteristics of this family,
which has by many authors been divided into two separate families,
the Parnide and Elmidz: head usually retractile; antennze variable,
either filiform and moderately long, as in Elmis, or very short, with the
second joint dilated and ear-shaped, as in Parnus,; eyes rounded, some-
times hairy: anterior coxal cavities open behind, all the coxe distant ;
prosternum prolonged behind the cox; legs slender, sometimes very
long, tarsi 5-jointed, with joints 1—4 short, equal, fifth very long, claws
strong, simple ; abdomen in our genera composed of five ventral segments ;
upper surface strongly pubescent, and often pilose, in the Parnina,and
the form larger and subeylindrical; in the Elmina the pubescence is
very fine and scanty, and the form is more depressed and much smaller.
EXeteroceridez. An aberrant family, of somewhat doubtful affinities,
containing a single genus /feterocerus, which by its subaquatic habits,
general form, strong pubescence, and very short antenne, appears to be
allied to Parnus, but differs in several very important points; the
following are its chief characters ; head large, with the eyes half-hidden,
antenne short, inserted above the base of the mandibles near the inner
margin of the eyes, with first two joints large and ciliate, and joints
5- il forming an oblong serrate club; thorax transverse with the angles
rounded, and the anterior coxal cavities open behind ; elytra completely
covering abdomen, which is composed of five ventral segments, of which
the feel last are ie and the first is furnished with a stridulating organ ;
legs fossorial, tarsi 5-jointed, apparently 4-jointed, the first joint being
minute and obsolete ; size 23-5} mm.
Leptinide. | CLAVICORNIA. 3)
LEPTINIDZ.
This family contains two genera Leptinus and Leptinillus, the latter
of which, from North America, was at first ineluded with the former ;
they differ from the Silphide in their transverse mentum, very long
filiform antenne, the very short metasternum, and the fact that the
sternal epipleure of the elytra are almost obsolete, or very little pro-
nounced ; the eyes are entirely wanting, or represented by translucent eye
spots.
LEPTINUS, Miiller.
This genus at present contains one or two species from Europe,
the Caucasus district, and North America; they are found living with
various small rodents and birds, sometimes on their bodies and sometimes
in their nests, but, as Dr. Horn observes, it has not been yet determined
whether they are true parasites or merely guests ; our single species, LZ.
testaceus, is also occasionally found in numbers in the nests of humble-bees.
i. testaceus, Mill. Oval, much depressed, of a dull, testaceous
colour, clothed with rather strong yellowish pubescence ; head projecting,
almost semicircular, much narrower than thorax, antennz very long,
filiform ; thorax transverse, crescent-shaped, rounded and narrowed in
front, broadest behind, with the posterior angles prominent and acute,
very closely punctured, fully as broad at base as elytra; scutellum
rather large, triangular ; elytra about twice as long as thorax, and of
about the same breadth, with sides subparallel, obtusely rounded at
apex, very obsoletely striated, and very finely and somewhat rugosely
punctured ; legs testaceous, femora rather stout, tibie sparingly spinose ;
posterior tarsi with the first joint almost three times as long as second.
L. 2 mm.
Tn dead leaves, rotten wood mould, birds’ nests, on small rodents, &e.; also in the
nests of Bombi; very rarely in nests of Mormica fuliginosa ; rare; Chatham (J. J.
Walker, in numbers), Tilgate Forest, Caterham, Cobham Park, Chatham, Purley
oaks ; Guestling near Hastings ; Needwood, Burton-on-Trent, in large numbers in a
humble-bee’s nest (Rev. H. 8. Gorham) ; Ripon (Waterhouse), three specimens—one
on mouse in a trap, one on leg of trousers, and one behind some old ivy ; Scotland,
very rare, about the nests of Bombi, Clyde and Forth districts.
SILPHIDZ.
This family contains a large number of genera which are widely
distributed over the surface of the world, but, as at present known,
are chiefly characteristic of colder and temperate, rather than of tropical
regions; some of these are very large and conspicuous insects, while
others are obscure and minute ; the members of the family differ very
much in size, shape, and general appearance, and by many authors are
divided up into three or four separate families; they are, as a whole,
distinguished by their large quadrate mentum, large and prominent
10 CLAVICORNIA. [ Silphide.
anterior coxe, which are conical and contiguous, and finely granulated
eyes which are sometimes wanting; the maxille are bilobed ; the antennz
are straight, mserted before the eyes, and thickened, or more often
furnished with a club; the thorax is margined ; the prothorax has the
epimera and episterna not distinct ; the mesosternum is short, and its
epimera reach the coxze; the metasternum is large ; the abdomen has, as
a rule, six free seoments ; in Spherites only it has five ; the legs are
variable, sometimes stout, sometimes slender; as a rule abt tibie are dis-
tinctly spined externally ; the tarsi also vary as regards the number of
their joints.
The family may be divided into the following tribes: there is, however,
a very great difference in the views of authors regarding the division :
Spherites, for instance, is regarded by some as merely a genus of the
Silphina, by others as a tribe of the Silphidz, and by others as a separate
family Spheeritidee.
I. ea ior coxal cavities closed behind.
. Posterior coxee laminate; size very ae ae tarsi all AGointed
in both sexes... of . . CLAMBINA,
ii. Posterior coxe simple ; tarsi variable, but never all 4-jointed i in
both sexes.
1. Upper surface, as arule, glabrous or almost glabrous, shining ;
episterna of mesothorax small and pace of metathorax
hidden syne : . ANISOTOMINA.
2. Upper surface pubescent, ‘dull; “epister na of mesot thorax rather
large, subquadrate, of metathorax free . . , . . . « . CHOLEVINA.
II. Anterior coxal cavities open behind.
i. Abdomen with five free ventral segments. . . . . . . . SPH®RITINA.
ii, Abdomen with six free ventral segments . . . . . . . . SILPHINA.
CLAMBINA.
This tribe has by many authors been placed in close proximity to the
Trichopterygidee, and it does in fact bear a close relationship to that
family, from the fact that the edge of the wings is fringed with long
hairs; in other points, however, especially in the fact that in most
species the body is retractile and capable of being rolled up into a ball,
the tribe is closely related to Agathidium ; the head is large and
transverse, and the antenne 11-jointed, 10-jointed, or 9-jointed, with
2-jointed club; the anterior coxe are conical and contiguous with the
cavities closed behind, and the middle coxe in our two British genera
are slightly separated ; all the tarsi are 4-jointed ; the species are all very
minute, of convex and short oval form, and are found in decomposing
vegetable matter.
There are two British genera which may be separated as follows :—
I. Antennz 10-jointed, with club 2-jointed, inserted at a
distance from eyes; abdomen with six segments . . . CALYPTOMERUS, Ledt.
II, Antenna 9-jointed, with club 2-jointed, inserted near
eyes; abdomen with five segments. . . . . . . . CLAMBuS, Fisch,
Calyptomerus. | CLAVICORNIA. iB!
CALYPTOMERWUS, Redtenbacher. (Comazus, Fairm.)
This genus comprises four or five species from Europe and North
America ; they are found in vegetable refuse, flood rubbish, &c. ; the
larva of O, bins (enshamensis) 1s desaed and figured by Perris (Ann.
Fr. 1852, p. 574, t. 14, fig. 1-10) ; it is 2 mm. in length, of a livid colour,
setose at sides, broader in front and gradually narrowed behind, covered
with very small roughnesses or tubercles which are visible under a high
power; the thoracic segments are proportionally large; the anal
appendage is like a fleshy nipple, helping progression, and serving as a
potnt Vappur, when the insect wishes to move from place to place ; ; the
pupa is chiefly remarkable for the small space occupied by the abdominal
segments.
Cc. dubius, Marsh. (enshamensis, Steph. ; cephalotes, Dej.). Short
oval, convex, of a lighter or darker testaceous colour, shining, thickly
clothed with very fine silky yellowish pubescence, very finely punctured ;
head very large, larger than thorax, antenne short, testaceous, with the
club slightly darker; thorax very short, with the anterior and posterior
angles almost confluent, sides very short; scutellum minute, triangular ;
elytra five times as long as thorax, scarcely dilated at sides, very convex
in front and sloped towards apex, with a sutural stria which is abbreviated
in front, sutural angle somewhat acuminate; under-side testaceous,
pubescent ; legs pale. L. 2 mm.
In haystack and flood refuse, &c.; local but not uncommon in some places ; Croydon,
Ripley, Lee, Mickleham, Birdbrook (Essex); Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton ; Wivenhoe
(tidal refuse) ; Ely; Wicken Fen (in sedge) ; Knowle near Birmingham (on damp
walls); Repton ; Northumberland district, rare, sea-coast near Hartley ; Scotland,
not common, amongst straw in outhouses, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts;
Ireland, Rathkurby, Waterford, near Dublin, &c.
CLAMBUS, Fischer.
About a dozen species are comprised in this genus, five of which are
found in Europe, and the remainder have been recorded from North
America, the Canary Islands and Ceylon ; it appears therefore to be rather
widely spread, and is probably much more extensive than at present
known; the species are very minute convex insects, and have the power
of rolling themselves up into a ball; they differ from Calyptomerus in
having the antennze 9-jointed, and in the smaller head and longer thorax ;
the metasternum is excavate in front for the reception of the head, and
the posterior cox are semicircular; the species are found in hot-beds,
and among moss, dead leaves, and vegetable refuse generally.
I. Elytra more or less distinctly pubescent.
i. Pubescence close, fine, and short ; sizesmaller . . . C. PUBESCENS, Redt.
ii. Pubescence long and diffuse; size larger . . . . . C. ARMADILLO, De. G.
IJ. Elytra entirely without pubescence. . . . . . . . C. minutus, Sturm.
12 CLAVICORNIA. [ Clambus.
C. pubescens, [edt. Short oval, not quite as convex as the
following species, thickly clothed with very short and fine pale silky
pubescence, of a lighter or darker pitchy colour, with the sides of the
thorax lighter, apparently impunctate ; antennez yellow; thorax as broad
as elytra, and broader than head (which is large), very transverse, posterior
anzles rounded ; elytra three times as long as thorax, narrowed towards
apex; under-side thickly and very finely pubescent ; legs pale yellow,
last segment of abdomen with a raised fold. L. 3-2 mm.
In vegetable refuse, hot-beds &c.; not uncommon and probably very widely
distributed in many parts of England; Chatham, Darenth Wood, &c.; Hastings and
other localities in the South; Knowle, Smallheath, Edgbaston, Repton, &c. ;
Manchester district ; Northumberland district, rare; Scotland, not common, Solway
district.
This and other species of Clambus are probably very often overlooked,
as they have the power of rolling themselves up into a ball, and so lying
quiet until danger is passed; in walking they hold their large heads
stretched out horizontally, which gives them a peculiar appearance.
©. armadillo, De. G. Very closely allied to the preceding, but of
darker, usually black, colour, and clothed with much more sparing and
longer pubescence ; the margins of thorax are brownish-red, and the legs
and antenne are reddish; in this and in the other species the disc of
elytra is sometimes lighter; the last segment of the abdomen is more
thickly pubescent, but has no fold. L. 23—{ mm.
In moss, dead leaves, vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &c.; commoner than the preceding
in some localities, and less common in others ; London district, generally distributed ;
Hastings; Devon; Soham, Cambridge; Midland districts, Bewdley, Sutton Park,
Salford Priors, Repton, &c. ; Manchester district ; Northumberland district, common ;
Scotland, not common, Solway, Tweed, and Forth districts ; Ireland, near Dublin and
Belfast.
Cc. minutus, Sturm. On an average distinctly larger than the two
preceding, and distinguished by its very smooth, shining, and glabrous
surface; the sides of the thorax are rather distinctly yellowish or
yellowish-red, and the disc of the elytra is often lighter; the last segment
of the abdomen is furnished with a little brush of hairs, and in the male
has also a small fovea. L. 2-1 mm.
In vegetable refuse, flood rubbish, &c., rare, but perhaps overlooked or confounded
with the preceding ; Dulwich; Cobham Park; Horning Fen; Southampton ; Exeter ;
Tewkesbury ; Bewdley; Yardley; Manchester district; Northumberland district ;
Scotland, not common, Solway district.
A fourth species, C. punetulum, has been included in the British list,
but has been dropped, as the specimens on which it was introduced
appear to be only small C. minutus , C. punctulum is smaller and rounder
than C. minutus, and has the last joint of the antenne only as long as
broad, and the last segment of the abdomen bare; in C. minutus the
antenne have the last joint much longer than broad, and the last
Clambus | CLAVICORNIA. 13
segment of the abdomen is furnished with a brush of hairs, as above
mentioned.
The genus Cybocephalus is now rightly regarded as belonging to the
Clambina rather than to the Nitidulide.
ANISOTOMINA.
This tribe contains a considerable number of small genera, which are
distinguished by having the upper surface glabrous or almost glabrous
and the anterior coxal cavities closed behind; the body is oval and
convex, and in some genera capable of being contracted into a ball; the
antenne and tarsi are very variable, and afford good characters for the
separation of the genera; of these about ten are represented in Europe,
nine of which occur in Britain ; some of the species are very rare, and
many are exceedingly difficult to determine; they are found in moist
fungi, under bark, by sweeping herbage at sundown, &c.
I, Head with distinct antennal groove on its under-side ;
thorax with the posterior angles rounded ; elytra not
striated with the exception of a sutural stria which
is sometimes absent; tibice finely spinose; tarsi
yaattatlae in the sexes,
. Club ofantenne 3-jointed. . . . . . =. . , AGATHIDIUM, Jil.
. Club of antennze 4-jointed . -. . AMPHICYLLIs, Z7.
iii. Club of antenne 5-jointed, 2nd joint small. . Liopes, Zr.
II. Head without or with indistinci* antennal grooves
on under-side; thorax with the posterior angles
right angles or obtuse, but not rounded; elytra
more or less plainly striated; tibize distinctly
spinose ; tarsi similar in the sexes.
i. Base of thorax margined; posterior tarsi with less
than five joints,
1. Anterior. and intermediate tarsi 5-jointed,
posterior 4-jointed.
A. Club of antennz apparently 4-jointed, the
second joint being scarcely visible or quite
concealed ; mesosternum not carinate . Cyrrtusa, Er.
_B. Club of antenne plainly 4-jointed, the second
joint being small but distinctly visible; meso-
sternum carinate . . AnIsotoma, J/l.
2. Anterior tarsi 5-jointed, intermediate and pos-
terior tarsi 4-joiuted ; club of antenne 3-jointed. CoLEnis, Er.
3. Anterior tarsi 4 jointed, intermediate and pos-
terior tarsi 3-joiuted; club of antenne 6-
jointed, second jointsmall . . . . . . . AGaARICOPHAGUS, Schmidt.
ii. Base of thorax not margined; all the tarsi 5-
jointed.
1. Club of antennee 5 jointed, second joint small . Hypnoxius, Schmidt
2. Club of antenne 3-jointed. . . . . . . . TRIARTHRON, Schmidt.
* Horn mentions Cyrtusa as possessing antennal grooves ; Thomson and Reitter, on
the contrary, class it with the species having no antennal grooves.
14 CLAVICORNIA, [Agathidium
AGATHIDIUM, Illiger.
This genus contains about fifty species which are chiefly found in
Europe, Northern Asia, and North America; in all probability many
more will be discovered ; one or two have occurred in the Canary Islands ;
they are small shining, more or less globose, insects, many of which have
the power of rolling themselves up into a ball like Clambus ; they are
usually black or brownish, but occasionally the thorax is bright red; the
antenne are terminated by a 3-jointed club; the mandibles are stout, and
the left one sometimes strongly projects or is furnished with a process
varying from a small tooth to a long curved horn ; the thorax has the
posterior angles rounded and the margins always more or less distinctly
lighter ; the mesosternum is more or less plainly carinate ; the tarsi are
variable in the female, which sex in some species has the anterior tarsi
with five joints and the rest with four, and in other species has four
joints to all the tarsi ; the elytra are not striated on disc, and even the
sutural stria is often wanting or very much abbreviated. Thomson
divides the genus into two on the formation of the meso- and meta-
sternum, but his division is not satisfactory, as it does not separate the
species that have variable tarsi in the females, a character that has much
more weight than the comparatively slight differences on which he founds
his two genera. The species of Agathidium are found under bark, in
fungi, moss, dead leaves, &e.
The larvee of Agathidium appear in many points to strongly resemble those of
Leiodes and Choleva; that of A. seminulum. according to Perris, has the segments
clothed with a coriaceous skin in the place of corneous scuta; the mandibles are bi-
dentate, and the eight first abdominal segments are furnished with a small tubercle on
each side; the last segment is terminated by two cerci and a long clavate anal
appendage; the whole surface is set with whitish silky hairs; the larva of A. mandt-
bulare is described by Schiddte as oblong-ovate, convex, of a pale fuscous colour, with
the corneous parts fuscous ; antenne and legs shert and stout ; cerci stout, sparingly
setulose, searcely as Jong as the ninth abdominal segment; these larvee are found in
the same habitat as the perfect insects.
J. Elytra with flatly and widely rounded shoulders ;
female with the anterior tarsi 5-jointed and the
intermediate and posterior tarsi 4-jointed; insect
with complete ability to roll up into a ball.*
i. Elytra with a sutural stria reaching middle, finely
but distinctly punctured.
1. Head and thorax bright red, elytra deep black,
considerably longer than tugether broad . . A. NIGRIPENNE, Jvuy.
2. Upper surface black or deep brown, elytra
scarcely longer than together broad.
A. Third joint of the antenne very long, as long
as the next three together ; thorax broadest
behind middle; size larger and broader . . A ATRUM, Payk.
* The German term for this ‘‘ Kugelvermégen Vollstiindig,’’ is very expressive, and
might with advantage be literally translated and adopted by English authors.
Agathidium.] CLAVICORNIA. 15
B. Third joint of the antenne much shorter,
searcely as long as the next two together ;
thorax broadest before middle; size smaller
and narrower. . . . . A. SEMINULUM, D.
i. Elytra without sutural stria, impunctate - - . A. LEVIGATUM, Er.
Il. ace tra with obtuse humeral angles; species with
incomplete ability to roll up into a ball; tarsi of
female variable.
i, Head with the temples not swollen behind eyes,
eyes, when the head is retracted, reaching the
angles of thorax.
1. Elytra without sutural stria, very closely and
rather distinctly punctured . . . . - A. MARGINATUM, Sturm.
2, Hlytra with a distinct sutural stria reaching
from apex to about middle.
A. Front margin of clypeus broadly and rather
deeply emarginate . . . . . - . . . A. coNnFusUM, Bris.
(clypeatum, Sharp )
B. Front margin of clypeus truncate or feebly
bisinuate.
a, Colour variable, usually brownish yellow,
with the sides of thorax and the elytra
darker; all the tarsi of female 4-jointed ;
elytra impunctate . .. . - . . A. VARIANS, Beck.
b. Colour black ; anterior tarsi of female 5-
jointed ; ely tra finely punctured.
a*, Antennee unicolorous red; clypeus not
separated from forehead by aline . . A. GLOBoSUM, Muls.
(convexwm, Sharp.)
b*. Club of antenne, except sometimes apex,
black ; clypeus separated trom forehead
by a more or less distinct line . . . A. ROTUNDATUM, Gyll.
ii. Head with the temples plainly swollen and pro-
jecting behind eyes ; eyes not reaching the angles
of thorax.
1. Upper surface less distinctly punctured; left
mandible of male simple . . . A. NIGRINUM, Sturm.
2. Upper surface more distinctly punctured ; left
mandible of male very much developed, often
with a tooth or long horn on its upper surface A. RHINOCEROS, Sharp.
A. nigripenne, Kug. Head and thorax bright red, elytra deep black,
more elongate and less convex than in any of our other British species ;
under- side blackish or blackish-brown; antennz reddish with darker
club ; head and thorax very finely punctured, the latter transverse with
all the angles rounded, a little narrowed in front; elytra finely but dis-
tinctly punctured with faint traces of rows of punctures, and with a deep
sutural stria reaching from apex to beyond middle; legs red, L. 2-
22 mm.
“Male with the anterior tarsi slightly dilated, posterior femora termi-
nating in a blunt tooth.
Under bark of dead ash and other deciduous trees, at sap, &c.; local ; not recorded
from the London district ; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton (dead brambles in May);
Dean Forest ; Sutton Park ; ; Needwood ; Markfield, near Leicester ; Sherwood Forest ;
16 CLAVICORNIA. [| Agathidium.
Repton; Darlington; Ripon; Manchester district ; Northumberland district, not
uncommon in many localities, Wallington, Gosforth, Jesmond, Ravensworth, Whittle
Dene, &c.; Scotland, rare, at oozing sap of trees, Forth and Clyde districts; I have
also received it from Ireland from Mr. J. J. Walker, who has found it at Westport
(Co. Mayo) and Rathmullan (Co. Donegal).
A. atrum, Payk. Shining black, with the margins of thorax and
usually the extreme margin of elytra pitchy; under-side blackish or
pitchy with apex lghter ; antenne reddish-brown with the two first
joints of the club darker and the last joint lighter; head thickly and
distinctly punctured ; thorax ample, very finely punctured, much more
so than head and elytra, broadest behind middle, with all the angles
rounded ; elytra finely but plainly punctured, with a distinct sutural
stria reaching from apex to beyond middle ; legs reddish-brown, posterior
femora often blackish. L. 22 mm.
Male with the posterior femora produced into a tooth at apex, and the
metasternum in middle furnished with a little bunch of hairs.
In dead leaves, moss, fungi, &c.; rather local, but, as a rule, not uncommon ;
London district, generally distributed; The Holt, Farnham; Hastings ; Swansea ;
Yardley ; Sutton Park; Cannock Chase; Needwood; Sherwood Forest; Langworth
Wood, Lincoln ; Manchester district; Northumberland district rare, but rather
widely distributed ; Scotland, Lowlands and Highlands, not rare, Solway, Tweed,
Forth, and Tay districts.
A. seminulum, L. Lighter or darker pitchy brown, sometimes red-
dish brown, with the margins of thorax and elytra lighter, and the under-
side always reddish-brown, a character, which together with its smaller
and narrower form, will easily separate dark examples from the preceding
species; antennz reddish-brown with yellowish club ; head very finely
punctured ; thorax scarcely visibly punctured, with sides strongly rounded,
broadest before middle, and if viewed when quite level apparently
dilated in front ; elytra finely but distinctly punctured, with a sutural
stria reaching from apex to about middle; legs reddish. L. 2mm.
Male with the posterior femora produced at apex into a rounded
angle.
In dead leaves, moss, rotten wood, &e. ; local; London district, not uncommon ;
St. Leonard’s Forest, Sussex; New Forest; Southampton ; Parkhurst Forest, Isle
of Wight, in nests of F. rufa (J. J. Walker); Dean Forest, common; Coleshill ;
Knowle; Cannock Chase; Sherwood Forest; Chat Moss; Repton; Ripon; not
recorded from any locality in England further north than Yorkshire, or from
Scotland.
A. levigatum, Er. This species is easily distinguished by its
smooth and impunctate surface and the absence of a sutural stria on
the elytra ; it is black or pitchy, with the margins of the elytra distinctly
reddish-brown ; antennée brownish-red, with the first two joints of the
club brown, and the last lighter ; thorax very broad, broader than elytra,
widest about middle; elytra smooth ; under-side black, abdomen sometimes
Agathidium. | CLAVICORNIA. 17
pitchy ; legs reddish or brownish-red, posterior femora sometimes
blackish, without distinction in the sexes. L. 2 mm.
In moss, dead leaves, rotten wood, & ; London district generally distributed and
common; Dover; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest; Isle of Wight;
Knowle; Dudley ; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire; Chat Moss ; Bold records it as
very rare in the Northumberland district, and says he has only one local specimen ;
Scotland, Lowlands and Highlands, among moss, common, Solway, Forth, Tay, Dee,
and Moray districts ; it appears probable from the Scotch record that the species has
been overlooked in the northern counties of England,
A. marginatum, Sturm. A small species, globose, pitchy-black or
black with the extreme margins of thorax, and the apex of elytra more
or less broadly, pitchy-brown ; head extremely finely punctured, antenne
reddish with the club, except apical joint, blackish ; thorax short, scarcely
as broad as elytra, narrowed in front, broadest behind, very finely and
scarcely visibly punctured; elytra thickly and distinctly punctured
without sutural stria; legs brownish-red, posterior femora blackish
L. 1$-13} mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi slightly dilated, the apex of elytra less
deflexed, and the left mandible rather strongly developed ; female with
all the tarsi 4-jointed.
In haystack and flood refuse, &c. ; not common ; Caterham, Forest Hill, Weybridge,
Horsell, Sheerness, Chatham ; Deal; Hastings ; Littlington ; Norfolk fens (specimens
variable in size); Wallasey, near Liverpool ; Northumberland-district, widely dispersed
but not common; Scotland, very rare, Forth district; also taken by Mr. Bold at
Tain, Ross-shire. Ireland, Portmarnock.
A confusum, Bris. (c/ypeatum, Sharp, polonicum, Wank., piceum,
Thoms. nec. Er., mandibulare, W.C., nec. Sturm.). Very like the pre-
ceding in size, shape, and colour, but easily distinguished by having the
elypeus distinctly, although shallowly, emarginate, and by the presence
of a sutural stria on elytra reaching from apex to about middle; the
elytra are distinctly, although finely punctured ; in the female the tarsi
are all 4-jointed, and in the male the left mandible is considerably
developed. L. 13-1} mm.
In fungi; very rare; New Forest, Lyndhurst (Sharp) ; Headley Lane (E. W.
Janson) ; Northumberland district, North Seaton (Bold); Dr. Power is said to have
taken a specimen, but I have not noticed it in his collection.
In the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise (1883) this species is
given as synonymous with piceum, Er.; I have, however, followed the
synonymy given by Reitter himself in the Bestimmungs-Tabellen der
Eur. Col. Necrophaga, published in 1885,
A. varians, Beck. Colour very variable, sometimes entirely tes-
taceous, with the disc of thorax and base of elytra darker, sometimes
dark, with the head and margins of thorax, and apex and margins only
of elytra light; head large, sparingly and very finely punctured ;
antenne reddish-yellow, with the two first joints of the club blackish ;
VOL. Ill. c
18 CLAVICORNIA. [Agathidium.
thorax about as broad as elytra, broadest behind middle, narrowed in
front, exceedingly finely punctured ; elytra impunctate with a distinct
sutural stria reaching to about the middle; legs reddish-brown. LI.
13-2 mm.
Male with the left mandible sometimes considerably developed,
female with all the tarsi 4-jointed.
In vegetable refuse, rotten wood, at the damp bottoms of old woodstacks, &ec. ; not
uncommon, but somewhat local. Darenth Wood, Shirley, Croydon, Caterham, &c. ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Knowle ; Needwood; Repton; Ripon; Lincoln; Liverpool and
Manchester district ; Northumberland district, not rare, in fungi growing on decaying
trees ; Scotland, rare, Solway and Forth districts.
The colour and impunctate elytra will easily distinguish this species
from its allies.
A. globosum, Muls. (converwm, Sharp). This species is allied
to A. marginatum, but at once distinguished by the presence of asutural
stria on the elytra which reaches from apex to about middle, and by
the female tarsi; the antennz also are unicolorous red, whereas in
A. marginatum the first two joints of the club are almost always dark ;
it is also allied to A. rotundatum, but is larger than that species and less
pointed at apex, and may further be easily distinguished by the colour
of the antenne which in A. rotundatum always have the elub dark.
L. 12-14 mm.
In the male the left mandible is sometimes very much developed ;
in the female the tarsi are 5- 4- 4-jointed.
In dead leaves, moss, &c.; rare; Shirley, Esher, Bexley, Chatham, Darenth,
Hainault, Birch Wood, Loughton, Mickleham, Highgate (Champion, Power, &c.) ;
Hopwas Wood, Tamworth (Blatch); Drinkwater Park, Manchester; Repton ; Scot-
land, rare, Lowlands, Highlands, Solway, Tay, and Dee districts (Sharp).
A.rotundatum, Gyll. One of the smallest, if not the smallest, of
our species ; deep black, shining. with the extreme margins of thorax,
and apex of elytra obscurely pitchy ; form globose but rather longer and
not quite as broad as in other species ; head finely punctured, antennz
reddish with club dark (often lighter at apex) ; thorax fully as broad
as elytra, very finely punctured, the punctuation being scarcely visible
except at sides; elytra with a sutural stria reaching to about middle with
punctuation, as in thorax, visible at sides ; legs reddish or reddish-
brown. L. 13-1} mm.
Male with the left mandible often produced or furnished with a horn ;
female with tarsi 5- 4- 4-jointed.
In fungoid growth on dead trees, under bark, &c.; rare in England; Esher, Cater-
ham, Darenth Wood, Cobham Park, Chatham ; Cannock Chase; Sherwood Forest ;
Wallasey ; Bowden Park, Manchester; Northumberland district ; Scotland, under
bark, not rare, Solway, Tay, Dee, Sutherland, and probably other districts.
This species is closely allied to A. marginatum, but is easily dis-
Agathidium. ] CLAVICORNIA. 19
tinguished by the presence of a sutural stria, and the very indistinct
punctuation of disc of elytra.
A. nigrinum, Sturm (staphyleum, Gyll.) This and the suc-
ceeding species are placed in a separate group by Reitter together with
A. arcticum, Thoms., and A. discoideum, Er.; the species belonging to
this group are easily distinguished by having the temples swollen and
projecting behind the eyes; A. nigrinum is the largest British species of
the genus; in general appearance it much resembles A. atrum, but is
rounder and more globose ; in colour it varies, being usually black or
pitchy black with the edges of thorax and apex of elytra pitchy-brown,
but varieties occur which are almost entirely of a light pitchy-brown
colour ; head very finely punctured, antenne reddish, with club, except
apex, dark ; thorax short and convex, hardly visibly punctured, broadest
behind middle; elytra plainly and rather thickly punctured, with a
sutural stria reaching from apex to middle ; breast black, abdomen reddish-
brown ; legs reddish-brown, or pitchy, with tarsi lighter. LL. 3 mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi slightly dilated, female with the tarsi
5- 4- 4-jointed.
In dead leaves, faggot stacks, fungoid growth, &c.; not common; Chatham,
Darenth Wood, Caterham, Sanderstead, Coombe Wood, Shirley, Esher, Weybridge,
Highgate, Loughton, &c.; Hastings; New Forest; Sherwood Forest ; Needwood ;
Ripon ; Manchester district; Northumberland district, rare, Bothal, Gibside, Gos-
forth, banks of Irthing. Scotland, Lowlands, Highlands, under bark, rare, Solway,
Forth, Tay, and Moray districts.
The pale variety is the A. staphyleum of Gyllenhal (Ins. Suec. ii. 569.
13), which he expressly says has a 3-jointed club ; it cannot therefore be
referred to the var. ferrugineum of Amphicyllis globus, with which many
authors identify it.
A. rhinoceros, Sharp. Allied to the preceding species, but
evidently more acuminate behind, and more distinctly punctured, with a
more deeply impressed sutural stria, and with the antenne rather stouter,
the apical joints being more transverse ; the colour is usually deep pitchy
red, sometimes almost black, and the legs are of a dark reddish-brown
colour ; the chief peculiarity, however, lies in the extreme development
of the left mandible of the male, which in some cases is only increased
in length and curved, in others bears a short tooth on its upper surface,
and in others has this tooth prolonged into a very long, elevated, recurved
horn reaching far above the head; female with tarsi 5- 4- 4-jointed.
L. 27-23 mm.
Under bark of dead firs, &c. ; Rannoch, Perthshire (first taken by Messrs. Sharp
and Bishop in the autumn of 1864). I have also received it from the same locality
from the Rey. A. E. Hodgson.
AMPHICYLLEIS, Erichson.
This genus contains two European species, one of which is found in
. »
Cw
20 CLAVICORNIA. [Amphicyllis.
Britain ; it resembles Lezodes in form, but is easily distinguished by the
4-jointed club of the antennz (the club of Leiodes being 5-jointed with
the second joint very small) and the non-spinose posterior tibiz ; it is
also related to Agathidium, but the latter genus is less globose and has
the club of the antennze 3-jointed, and the mesosternum keeled instead
of tuberculate.
A. globus, F. Very convex, almost hemispherical, head and elytra
shining black, thorax bright red; antenne red, with the two middle
joints of the club blackish ; head thickly and finely punctured, mouth
parts red; thorax at hinder margin more than double as broad as long,
plainly narrowed in front, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles
obtuse, thickly and finely punctured ; elytra rather distinctly punctured,
with a deep sutural stria reaching from apex to about middle ; meso-
sternum tuberculate at apex; legs reddish-brown, posterior femora often
blackish. L. 23 mm.
Male with the three first joints of the anterior tarsi and the two first
joints of the intermediate tarsi widened and pubescent beneath ; female
with all the tarsi 4-jointed.
In dead leaves, faggot stacks, rotten wood and fungoid growth; not common, but
occasionally occurs in numbers; Woking, Caterham, Coombe Wood, Darenth Wood,
Chatham, Purley Down, Wimbledon, Dulwich, Highgate, Sheppy; Essex ; Hastings ;
New Forest; Church Stretton; Sherwood Forest; Northumberland district, very
rare, Gosforth and Long Benton ; not recorded from Scotland.
V. jferrugineum, Sturm. This variety is entirely rufo-ferruginous ;
it is less common than the type form; I have taken it near Lincoln and
it has occurred at Ripon and in other localities.
LIODES, Latreille (Anisotoma, Reitter et auct).
This genus contains about a dozen species from Europe and North
America, four of which are found in Britain ; like Ansotoma they have
a 5-jointed club with the sixth joint very small, but they may be dis-
tinguished from that genus by their more hemispherical shape, and by
having the mesosternum tuberculate at apex and not carinate; they are
also, as a rule, larger and dark-coloured, occasionally being furnished
with yellow spots on the elytra.
The larva of Z. glabra (Anisotoma glabra) is described and figured by Schiodte, i.
37, Pl. x. fig. 7. It is very like that of Chuleva fusca, but is more parallel-sided and
more gradually narrowed behind ; the head projects, but is small, and very much
narrower than the prothorax ; the three thoracic segments are very transverse, of about
equal size, with the angles rounded, and with strong muscular impressions; the
abdominal segments are much contracted in front and behind, and gradually decrease
in breadth: the ninth segment is about as long as broad and cylindrical, and bears a
very short anal appendage and two long cerci; legs aud antenne short ; this larva is
pule with the corneous parts fuscous ; it is found in fungi. T have retained the name
of Liodes for this genus, although Reitter and several authors have changed it to
Anisotoma, as the interchange of the names of genera gives rise to so much contusion ;
Liodes.] CLAVICORNIA. 21
if a change must be made, it will be far better to adopt entirely new names rather than
call Necrophorus Silpha, and Silpha Necrophorus, Liodes Anisotoma, and Anisotoma
Liodes, and so on, as is now done in many cases.
I. Elytra finely pubescent with a yellow spot at each
shoulder; female with tarsi 5- 4- 4-jointed . . . L. HUMERALIs, Kug.
II. Elytra glabrous without spots at shoulder.
i. Size larger; elytra with very distinct rows of
larger punctures; female with tarsi 5- 4- 4-
jointed =, . . L. atapra, Kug.
. Size smaller ; elytra with rows of larger punctures
indistinct or irregular; female with all the tarsi
4-jointed.
1, Elytra coarsely and almost evenly punctured ;
sutural stria of elytra almost reaching base . lL. castanEa, Herbst.
2. Elytra finely punctured with feeble rows of
larger punctures ; sutural stria of elytra reach-
ing a little beyondmiddle . . . . . . . UL. ornpicunanis, Herbst.
L. humeralis, Kug. Black, almost hemispherical, with a broad
patch at the shoulder of each elytra reddish or reddish-yellow ; the
mouth-parts and a more or less obscure spot on forehead are also reddish,
and the margins of thorax are reddish-brown ; head finely punctured,
antenne reddish, with the club blackish or dark brown, except the apical
half of the last jomt which is reddish-yellow ; thorax transverse, nar-
rowed in front, broadest behind, finely punctured, posterior angles rather
marked ; elytra thickly and finely punctured, with double rows of larger
punctures, the whole surface clothed with very fine brownish-yellow
pubescence ; under-side and legs reddish-brown. L. 24-34 mm,
Male with the three first joints of the anterior oe strongly dilated,
and the posterior femora dilated into an obtuse tooth at apex.
In powdery fungus on old logs, stumps, &e. ; locally common; London district in
many localities; Wrabness, Essex; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest;
Devon; Sutton Park, Birmingham ; Cannock Chase; Needwood; Robins’ Wood,
Repton; Liverpoo! and Manchester districts ; commoner further north ; Northumber-
land and Durham district, common; Scotland, Lowlands and Highlands, i in fungi
under bark, common throughout almost the whole country.
i. glabra, Kug. Larger and broader than the preceding species,
black, shining; head finely punctured, antenne brownish-red, with the
club, except at extreme apex, blackish ; thorax very transverse, finely
punctured, posterior angles obtuse, but well marked, with the extreme
margins pitchy-red ; ; elytra finely punctured with distinct rows of larger
punctures, and a deep sutural stria reaching from apex to about middle ;
under-side and legs reddish-brown. L. 3}-3$ mm.
Male with the three first joints of the anterior tarsi feebly dilated.
Under bark of fir; local and only found in the extreme north of England and in
Scotland ; Northumberland district, rare; Scotland, Highlands, Tay, Dee, and Moray
districts.
L. castanea, Herbst. Ovate, rather convex, pitchy-black, usually
with a castaneous or reddish-brown tinge; head finely punctured,
22 CLAVICORNIA. [ Liodes.
antenne brownish with the club, except apex, darker; thorax extremely
finely and scarcely visibly punctured with margins lighter than disc ;
posterior angles distinct; elytra somewhat acuminate behind, with
irregular rows of rather coarse punctures, and the interstices between
these rather coarsely punctured, so that the whole surface almost appears
to be evenly punctured ; the spaces between the punctures are very finely
punctured or cross-striated; the sutural stria almost reaches base of
elytra ; under-side and legs brown-red. L. 3mm.
Male with the three first joints of the anterior tarsi rather strongly
dilated.
Scotland, Highlands, under bark of fir ; local; Tay, Dee, and Moray districts. Dr.
Sharp has found it in some numbers at Rannoch.
ZL. orbicularis, Herbst. A small, short oval, somewhat globose
species, pitch-black or darker or lighter pitch-brown, antenne reddish
with the club, except apical joint, blackish ; head finely punctured, with
the mouth-parts and often aspot on forehead reddish ; thorax very finely
and hardly visibly punctured, with the margins rather broadly lighter,
posterior angles distinct, elytra with fine and somewhat indistinct rows
of large punctures, interstices very finely punctured, sutural stria deep
and reaching to about middle ; under-side and legs rather bright reddish
or brownish-red, L. 2-24 mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi feebly dilated, posterior trochanters pro-
jecting in a small point, posterior femora furnished with a small tooth
in middle.
In dry and powdery fungoid growth on old trees; rare; Darenth Wood, Ashstead,
Claygate, Strood, Caterham, Cobham Park; Hastings; Lewes ; New Forest; Can-
nock Chase ; Delamere Forest, Cheshire ; Nocton, near Lincoln ; Ripon ; Northumber-
land district, Gosforth, rare; not recorded from Scotland.
CYRTUSA, Erichson.
This genus contains about half a dozen species from Europe and North
America ; they are very small insects of a lighter or darker testaceous or
reddish-brown colour, and much resemble the smallest species of Aniso-
toma, from which they differ in having the antenne apparently 10-jointed
and the club 4-jointed, the second joint of the club being very minute
and scarcely visible even under a high power; it differs further from
this latter genus in not having the mesosternum carinate ; from Colends it
may be known by the formation of the club of the antenne and the fact
that the tarsi are 5- 5- 4-jointed.
I. Form larger, less elongate, and more convex ; posterior
tibia gradually widened to apex ; posterior angles of
thorax rectangular. . 2. -|. «© » = « « «
I. Form smaller, more elongate, and less convex; pos-
terior tibiz abruptly widened at apex ; posterior angles
of thorax blunt (but not rounded). . . . . . . Q. PAUXILDA, Schinidt.
C. MINUTA, Ahr,
Cyrtusa. | CLAVICORNIA. 23
C. minuta, Ahr. Short oval, convex, subglobose, testaceous or red-
dish brown, shining; antenne reddish with club brown; head thickly
and rather plainly punctured ; thorax transverse, finely punctured, with
the sides somewhat strongly rounded, posterior angles rather sharp right
angles; elytra with regular rows of punctures reaching nearly to base,
interstices rather thickly and plainly punctured, with a sutural stria
reaching from apex to about middle; legs testaceous, tibie, especially
the middle pair, strongly spined. L. 1}-12 mm.
Male with the posterior femora gradually widened to apex, and fur.
nished at apex with a recurved tooth.
By evening sweeping, &c.; rare; Scarborough ; Scotland, Lowlands, very rare,
Solway district, banks of Firth in flood refuse; the specimens formerly referred to
C. minuta must be most of them referred to C. pauwilla, which is, apparently, confined
to the London district and the south.
C. pauxilla, Schmidt. This species is allied to the preceding, but
differs in being, on an average, decidedly smaller, and of more elongate
and depressed form; the posterior angles of the thorax are blunt,
although not rounded off, and in the male the posterior femora are
abruptly dilated at apex and terminate in a right angle on the lower side
instead of in a recurved tooth; the second joint of the club of the
antenne is also rather more visible, and the punctuation of the interstices
of the elytra is more diffuse ; these latter characters, however, are not
very obvious. L. vix 1mm.
By evening sweeping; not uncommon in the London district, Mickleham, Shirley,
Forest Hill, Caterham, Claygate, Cobham, Birchwood, Maidstone, Gravesend, Chatham ;
Hastings; New Forest; Plymouth.
ANISOTOMIA, Illiger. (Liodes, Latr.).
This genus contains a considerable number of species, the majority of
which are found in Europe ; several, however, have been described from
Northern Asia and North America, and it is probable that the number
at present known will be largely increased in course of time ; about
fifty species are now recognized as European, of which nearly half are
found in britain; many of these are extremely closely allied, and are
very difficult to determine with accuracy. The late Mr. Rye took a great
interest in the group, and added several new species; it is, however,
doubtful whether all his species can be regarded as distinct ; in the
present book the arrangement of Reitter has been in the main followed,
as his work (Bestimmungs-Tabellen der Eur. Col. Necrophaga, 1885), is
the latest that has appeared on the subject. The habits of the genus
are at present very imperfectly known ; the species are, as a rule, captured
by sweeping after sunset in Gamp and dewy places, but they occasionally
occur in fungi, or on sandhills. I have also found them early in hot
mornings, sitting upon stones in the sun. The genus Anisotoma is dis-
tinguished from its nearest allies by having the anterior and inter-
mediate tarsi 5-jointed and the posterior tarsi 4-jointed,
24 CLAVICORNIA. [Anisotoma.
The larvee of Anisotfoma and its allies appear to bear a close relation to that of
Choleva.
Reitter divides the genus into the four following groups:—
I. Posterior angles of thorax projecting, more or less pointed, fitting closely to the
base of elytra (Group I.).
II. Posterior angles of thorax blunt or rounded, seldom right-angled,
i. Interstices of elytra without cross striation.
1. Side margins of elytra without distinct outstanding hairs (Group IT.).
2. Side margins of elytra set with distinct outstanding hairs; posterior angles
of thorax rounded (Group ITI.).
ii. a a of the elytra, especially at the sides, with cross striation (Group
V5) 5
The first group is not as yet represented in our fauna; the second,
containing two species (A. ciliaris and A. furva) may perhaps with reason
be separated ; but.the fourth, containing the two British species A. parvula
and A. rugosa, may with more reason be classed with the third: our
species will then fall into two groups which are very uneven in point of
numbers.
I. Side margins of elytra without distinct outstanding hairs; posterior angles of
thorax, rounded, blunt, or rarely right-angled (Group I.).
II. Side margins of elytra with distinct outstanding hairs; posterior angles of thorax
rounded (Group II.).
The characters on which many of the species are separated are very
slight, and in many cases comparative, so that a table is not of much
value, unless taken in conjunction with the detailed descriptions ; except
in two or three instances, all our species of Anisotoma are of a bright
chestnut-red, or testaceous-reddish colour; they vary in size from about
2mm. to nearly 7 mm., and are of oval or oblong-oval form, and more
or less convex, with the thorax gradually rounded at sides, narrowed in
front, and broadest behind; the antenne terminate in a more or less dis-
tinct club, and their eighth joint is much smaller than those above and
below it ; the elytra are furnished with rather strong punctured striz,
and the interstices, at least the alternate ones, are, as a rule, punctured
in fine rows: the shape of the tibie, and of their apical spines are also
useful characters for determination.
Group l.
This group contains all our British species except two; its members
are distinguished from those of the other group by not having the sides
of the elytra set with distinct outstanding hairs.
I. Interstices of elytra without cross striation.
i. Club of antennz narrow, last joint not narrower
than the penultimate.
1. Anterior tibiz dilated towards apex.
A. Average size larger (4-64 mm.) ; form oblong
oval or long-oval.
a, Second joint of antenne much longer than
broad, club usually dark , . . - . « « A CINNAMOMEA, Panz.
Anisotoma. | CLAVICORNIA. 25
b. Second joint of antenne scarcely longer than
broad, club usually light... . + + + + A. oBLONGA, Er. (grandis,
Fairm.).
B. Average size smaller (23-45 mm.) ; form short
oval.
a. Colour dark pitchy-brown or blackish ;
length 3-43 mm. ;-antenne with the penul-
timate joints more transverse, and the last
hardly as broad as the preceding . - -
b. Colour brown-red or yellowish-red ; length
21-33 mm.: antenne with the penultimate
joints less transverse and the last quite as
broad as or broader than the preceding.
a* Thorax not quite as broad as elytra, with
sides distinctly rounded, posterior angles
bluntiwce) tee ot ee kee
b* Thorax as broad as elytra, with sides
almost parallel from a little behind middle
to base, posterior angles almost right
anglese : ae aee wie ew ae A, oBESA, Schmidt.*
2. Anterior tibiz narrow.
a. Thorax smooth on disc: mesosternum strongly
and sharply keeled ; strie of elytra with the
punctures set comparatively far apart.
a*, Size smaller ; posterior angles of thorax
right angles sie WE oF tae =: eas Stern.
b*. Size larger ; posterior angles of thorax
slightly obtuse BE tt ake ee tes
b, Thorax more or less plainly punctured
throughout : mesosternum finely keeled.
a*, Striz of elytra more coarsely punctured A. scrta, Er.
b*. Strie of elytra more finely punctured.
at. Posterior angles of thorax very obtuse,
almost rounded . . + + + + +
by}. Posterior angles of thorax slightly
obtuse, but projecting.
af. Club of antenne unicolorous ;
upper surface ferruginous.
*, Club of antennze long and nar-
row, with the last joint not broader
than the penultimate . . + + + A. BRUNNEA, Sturm.
**, Club of antennz broad, with
the last joint slightly broader than
the penultimate . |. «ee A, CLAVICORNIS, Rye.
bt. Club of antennez dark ; upper sur-
face usually dark, or with thorax
dark and elytra ferruginous . - + A. punotutatTa, Gyll.
(litura, Steph.),
A. PIcEA, Ill.
A. pusiA, Kug.*
A. SIMILATA, Rye.t
A. ovals, Schmidt.
ii, Club of antennz as a rule broad, with the last
joint plainly narrower than the penultimate.
1. Anterior tibiz narrow.
* These two species are so closely allied that they can hardly be regarded as speci-
fically distinct.
+ It appears to be very probable that this species may eventually prove to be a form
of the preceding.
26 CLAVICORNIA. [ Anisotoma.
A. Posterior margin of thorax sinuate on each
side ; posterior tibize of male very much curved.
a*, Club of antennzs dark ; posterior femora
of male with a large lobe-like pel ending
inapoint . . - . . A. CALCARATA, Er.
b*. Club of antenne for ruginous : " posterior
femora of male with a large lobe-like
tooth, rounded at apex ... . . . A. OURVIPES, Schmidt
(macropus, Rye).
B. Posterior margin of thorax straight ; posterior
tibize of male almost straight.
a. Posterior angles of thorax obtuse; colour
ferruginous . . A RuBIGINOSA, Schmidt.
b. Posterior angles of thorax almost "right
angles ; colour variable, sometimes entirely
black 1. . . . . A. NIGRITA, Schmidt,
2. Anterior tibie dilated towards apex.
A. Form long oval ; elytra broadest at or behind
middle.
a. Thorax with two or three larger punctures
on disc before scutellum, besides the usual
basal row; size larger (length 4-43 mm.). . A. stLestaca, Kraatz.
b. Thorax without larger punctures before
scutellum besides the usual basal row ; size
smaller (length 3-34 mm.).
a*, Thorax hardly as broad as elytra; club
of antenne large and broad . . . . . A. CuRTA, Fairm.
b*, Thorax fuily as broad as elytra: club of
antenne smaller and narrower . A. LUNICOLLIS, Rye.
B. Form short oval; elytra broadest ‘before
middle, and thence narrowed to apex.
a. Posterior margin of thorax sinuate on each
side near posterior angles, size larger and
more depressed . . . . A. TRIEPKEI, Schinidt.
b. Posterior margin of thorax straight, size
smaller, and more convex. . A. PALLENS, Sturm.
II. Interstices of elytra with more or less distinct
cross striation.
i. Posterior angles of thorax obtuse; size larger;
last joint of antenne distinctly narrower than the
preceding . . A. Rua@osA, Steph,
ii. Posterior angles of thorax sharp right angles ; size
much smaller ; last joint of antenne not narrower
than the preceding . .-.. . . . . . A. PaRvuLA, Sahib.
A. cinnamomea, Panz. Oblotig: rather convex, ferruginous or
reddish-testaceous, shining ; head rather large, finely punctured, antennz
moderately long, with the 2nd and 3rd joints elongate, cylindrical, the
3rd being half as long again as the 2nd, club black, last joint as broad as
the penultimate ; thorax about as broad as elytra, thickly and finely
punctured, moderately rounded at the sides, with posterior angles obtuse,
but almost right angles: elytra fully twice as long as thorax, sides sub-
parallel until a little before apex, with regular punctured striz, inter-
stices very finely punctured, the alternate ones with rows of larger
punctures. L. 43-65 mm.
Anisotoma. | OLAVIOORNIA. 27
Male with the posterior legs very long, the femora emarginate and
furnished with strong teeth at apex, the tibiz very strongly curved, in-
termediate pairs much curved, intermediate femora toothed at base ;
female with the apical angle of the posterior femora somewhat pro-
minent.
By evening sweeping among dead leaves in autumn, but more especially in truffles ;
rare; Mr. Champion says that he has invariably found it by sweeping as above under
old beech-trees, Chatham, Caterham, Mickleham, Sanderstead, Amberley ; Eythorne,
near Dover ; Audley End, Saffron Walden, in truffles (Curtis) ; Marlborough ; Devon ;
Swansea ; Scotland, very rare, Forth District ; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin; the
species, as might be expected, is common in France in the Périgord district.
A. oblonga, Er., grandis, Fairm.). About the size of smaller
specimens of the preceding species, but rather more elliptical, and with
shorter antenne, which have the club of the same colour as the rest of
the body; the species may be easily recognized by the shorter second
joint of the antenne, which is scarcely longer than broad; thorax with
the anterior angles less marked, and the posterior angles more nearly
right angles; elytra with sides rather more rounded, and somewhat
broader proportionally, with more strongly punctured striw ; in the male
the posterior tibize are more evenly curved, and the posterior femora are
strongly emarginate and toothed at apex; in this point, however, the
specimens appear to be somewhat variable. L. 4-5 mm.
The two species A. oblonga, Er., and A. grandis, Fairm., appear now
to be considered identical ; the chief difference on which they were
separated seems to have been taken from their sexual characters ; the
denticulation, however, of the apex of the posterior femora of male appears
to vary in degree, and the same probably applies to the female, which in
A. grandis is said to have the posterior femora angulated, and in A. ob-
longa rounded. In case, however, the two species should again be
separated, it may be as well to give the records under different head-
ings :—
A. oblonga. One specimen taken by Mr. Harris near Burton-on-
Trent and named as A. oblonga, by Dr. Kraatz; Farnham, Surrey (one
male, Champion) ; one specimen beaten from broom in a wood near York
(Hutchinson) ; Sherwood Forest; Dumfries, Scotland.
A. grandis. Caterham, Mickleham, Esher, by evening sweeping in
the autumn in woods (Champion) ; Mickleham “ Hilly Field” under
trees (Rye) ; Tilgate Forest ; Loughton and Cowfold (Power) ; Highgate
(Janson) ; Bretby Wood, near Burton-on-Trent, where I captured a fine
specimen on September 30th, 1879, by sweeping in the evening when
the grass was so wet that water could be wrung out of the net at each
sweep : this specimen was named for me as A. grandis, and it is worthy
of note that it comes from the same locality as the original specimen of
A. oblonga.
A. picea, Ill. Oblong ovate, convex, of a deep pitchy-black colour,
28 CLAVICORNIA. | Anisotoma.
shining, antennse moderate, ferruginous; thorax as broad as elytra,
closely punctured, much narrowed in front, posterior margin truncate,
hind angles rounded ; elytra with sides rounded, with rather strongly
punctured striz, each interstice with two more or less irregular rows of
very fine punctures, alternate interstices with larger punctures ; legs red.
L. 34 mm.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, the femora with an obtuse
tooth on each side at apex, and the tibiee curved, female with the
posterior femora terminating in an obtuse angle somewhat rounded.
Very rare; Scotland, Forth, Clyde, and Tay districts; the few specimens captured
were all, or nearly all, taken by Mr. Foxcroft ; the species is one of the most distinct
of the whole genus. ‘
A. dubia, Kug. Subovate, ferruginous or reddish testaceous, occa-
sionally quite pale, sometimes with the head and thorax pitchy, and the
elytra ferruginous, size also variable ; head thickly punctured, with
larger impressions on vertex ; antenns*moderate, with 3rd joint half as
long again as 2nd, club darker or lighter; thorax not quite as broad as
elytra, thickly punctured, rather long proportionally, with sides strongly
and evenly rounded, posterior angles very obtuse or rounded ; elytra with
strongly punctured striae, interstices very finely but not very closely
punctured, alternate ones with the usual larger punctures ; legs moderately
stout. L. 27-3} mm.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, femora furnished at apex with
a small tooth on each side, tibie feebly biarcuate; female with the
posterior femora terminating in an obtuse angle at apex.
By evening sweeping in woods, on sand-hills, &e. ; local, but not uncommon in many
places ; it is perhaps the most common British member of the genus except A. calca-
rata; Chatham, Darenth Wood, Caterham, Mickieham, Woking, Esher, Shirley,
Coombe Wood; Harwich ; Deal ; Hastings ; Glanvilles Wootton ; New Forest ; Exeter;
Repton, and other Midland localities ; Manchester district’; Hartlepool ; Holy Island
(in numbers), J. J. Walker; Mr. Bold records the capture of large numbers on the
sea-shore near Whitby in October and adds, “‘ They were on a sandy slope, with head
to windward; whence they came bothered me entirely.” * Scotland, rather common,
Solway, Tweed, Forth, Tay, and Moray districts; Ireland, Portmarnock.
The following varieties of this very variable species may perhaps be
mentioned :—
V. bicolor, Schmidt. Size smaller, head and thorax pitchy, elytra
ferruginous ; it occurs with the type.
aN
* It is probable that many of the Anisotomina which are now exceedingly rare, will
be found plentifully as their habits become better known: they appear to have a
great affinity for the sea-shore or the sand-hills adjoining, and many should perhaps
be looked for in late autumn: the capture of Hydnobius punctatissimus in very large
numbers by Mr. T. Wood near Kingsgate, quite late in the autumn of 1886, is an
example: A. ciliaris and Hydnobius Perrisii, and several of the commouer species
have occurred in numbers near or not far from the sea-coast.
Anisotoma.| CLAVICORNIA, 29
V. longipes, Schmidt. Size larger, colour entirely ferruginous, legs
apparently more elongate; rare, Northumberland district, Hartford
Bridge.
The V. pallescens, Schmidt, is probably founded cn more or less imma-
ture specimens.
A. obesa, Schmidt. Very closely allied to the preceding, with which
it is probably identical ; it is about the same size, shape, and colour, but
has the third joint of the antenne a little longer in proportion, the sides
of the thorax not so strongly rounded, and subparallel from a little be-
hind middle to base, and the teeth at the apex of posterior femora of
of male more or less obsolete ; the difference of the relative length of
the second and third joints of the antennz is, however, not very apparent
in some cases, and the other differences are not very striking; of two
males of the species that I have before me, that of A. dubia has the
punctuation of the strie of elytra considerably the stronger, but the
latter species appears to vary in this respect. L. 3-35 mm,
By evening sweeping ; rare; Esher ; Weybridge ; Wicken and Burwell Fens; Sher-
wood Forest (where I have taken several specimens at the end of August) ; Scotland,
Moss Morran (Power).
A. badia, Sturm. A small shining species, ovate, sub-globose, very
convex, variable in colour, sometimes almost entirely pitchy, and with
the head and thorax usually darker than the elytra, often, however, en-
tirely ferruginous ; head obsoletely punctured, antenne ferruginous, with
rather a narrow club, last joint as broad as the two penultimate joints ;
thorax at base as broad as elytra, strongly narrowed in front, hind
margin truncate, posterior angles well marked, almost right angles, disc
impunctate, smooth and shining, a point that will distinguish it from
almost all allied species ; elytra very convex, usually lighter at apex, with
strongly punctured striz which become more obsolete towards apex, in-
terstices scarcely visibly punctured, except for the larger rows in the
alternate ones; legs short, shorter than in any other species of the
group, posterior tibiz only just reaching apex of elytra, tarsi rather long
proportionally. L. 13-2 mm. -
By evening sweeping; occasionally in moss and dead leaves; local but not un-
common in some places; London district, generally distributed, Chatham, Cuxton
(Kent), Faversham, Mickleham, Croydon, Caterham, Esher, Reigate, Cowley, Purley
Down ; Hastings ; Glanvilles Wootton; Repton, near Burton-on-Trent, and other
Midland localities ; Hartlepool ; Northumberland district, Hetton Hall, near Belford.
A. similata, Rye. Mr. Rye describes this species as “closely allied
to A. badia, from which it differs in its rather larger size and lighter
colour, the more slender basal joints of its antenne, and its proportionally
rather longer elytra, of which the punctures are, though regular and
well defined, much more delicate, the fourth stria from the suture being
moreover, slightly waved about the upper third.” L. 2 mm.
30 CLAVICORNIA. [ Anisotoma.
Two specimens taken by Mr. Rye at Shirley, near Croydon, by evening sweeping,
and returned by Dr. Kraatz as distinct from A. badia.
A. scita, Er. Very closely allied to A. dubia, and equally variable
in colour; it is chiefly distinguished by having the anterior tibie less
widened ; this character, however, is not altogether trustworthy, and it
is quite possible that the species are not really distinct ; it appears, how-
ever, to have the thorax widest at or very near the base (instead of nearer
the middle), with a much more shallow emargination for the reception of
the head, and is, on the average, considerably smaller. L, 25-22 mm.
The species was first taken as British near York by Mr. Hutchinson, and has occurred
in some small numbers to Dr. Sharp in the Solway district, Scotland. I have also
taken a specimen near Hunstanton, Norfolk, which was somewhat doubtfully referred
to this species by Mr. Rye.
A. ovalis, Schmidt. Oval, convex, ferruginous; head thickly and
finely punctured, antenne rather long, with a somewhat elongate club
of which the three last joints are equal in breadth; thorax at base
somewhat narrower than elytra, thickly and finely punctured, narrowed
towards apex, with sides evenly rounded, base truncate, posterior angles
almost right angles ; elytra Very convex, with moderately strongly punc-
tured striae, interstices very closely and finely punctured, the alternate
ones with larger punctures. L. 3-34 mm,
Male with the posterior legs somewhat elongate, femora simple,
rounded at apex, tibise moderately curved, female with the posterior
tibize almost straight.
By evening sweeping; local, and as a rule not common; Caterham, Forest Hill,
Claygate; Matlock ; Scarborough ; Whalley, Laneashire; Northumberland district,
recorded by Mr. Bold as not uncommon, and often found on the tops of walls, beneath
trees, especially after rain; Scotland, scarce, Solway and Tay districts.
Reitter (Best. Tab. der Eur. Col., p. 101) distinguishes this species
from A. sczta on the ground that the latter species has only one puncture
on each side of forehead, whereas A. ovalis has two; <A. scita, however,
appears, at all events in some cases, to have two; it is a differently
shaped insect as compared with A. ovalis, and has the sculpture of elytra
considerably stronger.
A. brunnea, Sturm. Entirely ferruginous, shining, with a narrow
club to its concolorous antennae, last jot not broader or narrower than
the preceding ; thorax not sinuate at base, with the posterior angles
almost right angles, distinct ; strie of elytra moderately finely punctured,
somewhat irregular, the third stria somewhat waved in middle; male
with the posterior legs rather elongate, the femora unarmed, and the
posterior tibie curved, especially in middle. L. 13-2; mm.
By evening sweeping ; very rare; Weybridge (Power) ; Mickleham, on the wing
(Marsh) ; Scarborough (Lawson).
This species was originally considered by Dr. Kraatz as a small form
Anisotumu. | CLAVICORNIA, 31
of A. obesa, and as such was expunged from our lists (Ent. Annual
1859, p. 122); Mr. Rye, however, in reintroducing the species (Ent.
Monthly Mag. IX. 135), discusses the whole question, and proves
satisfactorily that it is distinct; in fact it is more closely related to A.
calearata than to A. obesa, from which latter it is easily distinguished,
among other points, by the singly curved posterior tibiae of the male,
the less dilated anterior tibia, and the relative length of the second
and third joints of the antennz: from small specimens of A. calcarata
it may be known by the truncate hind margin of thorax, and more acute
posterior angles of the same, as well as by the unarmed posterior tibia ;
it somewhat resembles A. litura, but may be easily separated from that
species by the narrower and entirely ferruginous club of the antenne,
and the comparatively wider apical joints.
A. clavicornis, Rye. Oval, convex, ferruginous-testaceous, thorax
not very closely punctured, with sides evenly rounded, truncate at base,
elytra rather coarsely but not deeply punctured ; distinguished from all
other species by the structure of the antennz, which are very short,
gradually widened towards apex, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints
unusually small, and the apical joints, though short, as wide as the two
preceding, which are very transverse. L. 25 mm.
This species was described by Rye from a single specimen taken in flood refuse on
the banks of the Nith, near Thornhill, Dumfries, October, 1873, by Dr. Sharp ; it
has occurred since in France and Southern Europe.
A. punctulata, Gyll. (litura, Steph., ornata, Fairm.). Oblong,
ferruginous, with the head and thorax often more or less pitchy, and
the elytra, as a rule, with the suture, and a more or less defined streak on
each side, darker ; occasionally almost the whole insect is of a dark
pitchy colour; antennz moderate, with the club rather long, fuscous or
blackish ; thorax a little narrower at base than elytra, with the sides
very gently rounded, posterior angles almost right angles, upper surface
finely and not very closely punctured ; elytra with strongly punctured
striz, interstices scarcely visibly punctured, except for the large punctures
in the alternate ones. L. 23-3 mm.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, the femora unarmed, and the
tibiz rather strongly curved.
By evening sweeping in autumn among dead leaves, in flood rubbish, &c.; local
but not uncommon in some places ; Mi: kleham, Caterham, Shirley, Forest Hill, High-
gate, Darenth; Folkestone; Hastings ; Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest; Burton-
on-Trent ; Lincoln; Hartlepool; Northumberland district, rare, Wallington, Gosforth,
&c. ; Scotland, Lowlands, rare, Solway, Forth, and Dee districts; Ireland, Port-
mannock.
A. calcarata, Er. Oblong ovate, ferruginous, with the head and
thorax sometimes somewhat darker, exceedingly variable in size : head
thickly and finely punctured, antenne moderately long, with fuscous
club, last joint narrower than penultimate : thorax not quite as broad
32 CLAVICORNIA. | Anisotoma.
as elytra, with sides rather strongly rounded in front, base bisinuate,
posterior angles nearly right angles, but blunt, or even almost rounded,
upper surface finely and not very thickly punctured ; elytra with strongly
punctured striz, interstices extremely finely punctured, except for the
rows of larger punctures in the alternate ones. L. 1{-33 mm.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, the femora terminating in a
large sharp tooth at apex, and the tibiz very strongly arcuate ; female
with the posterior femora terminating in a slightly prominent angle,
tibie almost straight.
By evening sweeping, &c.; generally distributed and moderately common through-
out the greater part of England ; Bold, however, records it as rare in the Northumber-
land district ; Scotland, common, Solway, Forth, Dee, Moray and probably other
districts; Ireland, Belfast, Portmarnock, Waterford, &e.
A. curvipes, Schmidt (macropus, Rye). Oblong-ovate, convex,
ferruginous, (immature examples testaceous) ; antenne rather short, with
the club scarcely darker, and the last joint evidently narrower than the
preceding ; thorax with the sides evenly rounded, slightly sinuate on each
side at base, posterior angles obtuse, upper surface closely and finely
punctured ; elytra with strongly punctured striz, sides subparallel until
behind middle and thence narrowed and rounded to apex; anterior
tibie slender, posterior femora coarsely punctured beneath. L. 2-3
mim.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, the femora armed beneath with
a large lobe-like tooth which has the external angle rounded, tibie
moderately curved to apex.
By evening sweeping under fir trees; very rare; Esher, five examples taken by
Mr. Champion in August, 1873.
This species is allied to small examples of A. calearata, but differs in
being always of a uniform clear ferruginous colour, of rather larger
build, with the base of thorax not distinctly sinuate near posterior
angles ; the punctures of the strie of elytra are larger, and the lobe-like
tooth at the apex of posterior femora is rounded and not sharply pro-
minent.
A. rubiginosa, Schmidt. Globose-ovate, strongly convex, shining,
ferruginous or yellowish-red ; head large, finely and not very thickly
punctured, forehead with only two larger punctures, antenne short and
stout with the third joint a little longer than the second, club thick, as
a rule concolorous but sometimes darker, last joint much narrower than
the preceding ; thorax strongly rounded at sides, base truncate, finely
and sparingly punctured, posterior angles blunt ; elytra rounded at sides,
broadest in middle, with strong punctured striz, interstices scarcely
visibly punctured, except for the larger punctures in the alternate ones ;
legs very stout, tibie strongly spined. L. 2-25 mm.
Male with the posterior femora terminating in an oblique and
slightly prominent tooth, tibie slightly curved.
Anisotoma. | CLAVICORNIA. 33
This species has been alternately introduced and omitted from our
lists on two or three occasions, and I here introduce it again with some
reserve, On a specimen hamed for me on the Continent as ‘ prés rubi-
ginosa,” {now in the possession of Mr. Mason), which must, I think, be
referred to this species, as it is certainly not sufficiently distinct to be
regarded as a new species.
The species appears to be chiefly distinguished by having the thorax
more convex than the elytra, by the very fine and at the same time
diffuse punctuation of the thorax, and the almost invisible punctuation
of the interstices of the elytra.
A. nigrita, Schmidt. Oblong-oval, moderately convex, colour
variable, sometimes almost entirely pitchy black, sometimes quite light
ferruginous, and varying between these two extremes; antenne reddish,
with the club dark brown; thorax at base almost as broad as elytra,
narrowed in front, hind margin truncate, posterior angles almost right
angles, upper surface convex, very finely and not very thickly punc-
tured ; elytra rather long, more than twice as long as thorax, with
strongly punctured strize, which are rather irregular towards suture, inter-
stices finely and very sparingly punctured ; legs ferruginous, posterior
tibiz short and straight in both sexes. LL. 2—2$ ntm.
Male with the posterior femora terminating in a large sharp tooth.
By evening sweeping, under fir-trees; very local ; London district, not uncommon,
Chatham, Esher, Woking, Shirley, Reigate; it has also occurred in the New
Forest.
A. silesiaca, Kr. A large and fine species; oblong-oval, very
convex, entirely ferruginous, except the club which is darker, sometimes
blackish, and the eye and apex of mandibles which are black : head
and thorax closely and very distinctly punctured ; thorax a little nar-
rower than elytra, with sides slightly rounded, base truncate, posterior
angles almost right angles : elytra twice as long as thorax, convex, with
strongly punctured strie, interstices very finely and closely but distinctly
punctured, so that they appear rather dull, alternate interstices with
rather closely set rows of somewhat large punctures. L. 43-4$ mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi rather strongly dilated, posterior femora
simple with the apical angle rounded, tibie slightly curved.
A single specimen was taken by Dr. Sharp in July, 1866, at Inver-
cannich, at the foot of Glen Affrick, Inverness-shire: the species was
formerly introduced by Mr. Crotch into the British list as a large speci-
men of A. ova/is, named A. silesiaca by M. Schiddte : the two species,
however, differ entirely in sculpture, the elytra of A. oval/s being much
more finely punctured ; the latter insect is moreover less elongate and
more ovate, and has the club of the antenne longer and less stout. A.
silesiaca somewhat resembles A. furva, but has longer posterior legs
and no cilia at the margins of the elytra, besides being different in other
respects.
VOL III. D
o4 CLAVICORNIA. | Anisotoma.
A. curta, Fairm. Oval, very convex, almost equally narrowed in
front and behind, of a shining testaceous reddish colour ; antennee short
with club slightly darker, stout and broad ; head usually darker than the
rest of the body, very finely and closely punctured ; thorax very convex,
not quite as broad at base as elytra, posterior angles obtusely rounded,
closely but distinctly punctured ; elytra twice as long as thorax, with
rather deep and closely and strongly punctured striae, interstices obsoletely
punctured, alternate rows with widely set larger punctures. L. 3-33 mm.
Male with the posterior femora terminating in a blunt angle, or as
Fairmaire in his description says, “terminated above and below by two
small and slightly projecting teeth,” * posterior femora curved.
The species is closely allied to A. dubia, but is easily distinguished by
its rather longer build, the much stronger punctuation of its thorax, the
sides of which are more contracted behind, by the apical joint of the
antenne being distinctly narrower than the penultimate, and by the
different curvature of the posterior tibiee of the male.
Sandy places, by evening sweeping under fir-trees, very rare; one example taken
by Mr. Champion at Esher, October, 1873, and one by the Rev. 'T, Laundy Browne
pear Norwich; it appears to be very common on the sandy coasts of Normandy,
and also occurs near Paris; it will probably be found in numbers on our south-east
coast.
A. lunicollis, Rye. Oblong ovate, convex, shining, ferruginous ;
antenne with the club somewhat elongate, fuscescent, last joint distinctly
narrower than the penultimate ; thorax in middle a little broader than
elytra, ample and convex, sides strongly rounded, base truncate, upper surface
finely and moderately thickly, but distinctly punctured ; posterior angles
rounded ; elytra with rather strongly and thickly punctured striz, the
punctures being somewhat smaller than in some of the allied species,
interstices finely but distinctly punctured; intermediate and posterior
tibise rather stout. L. 22 mm.
Male with the intermediate tibize dilated towards apex and shehtly
curved, posterior femora produced in a lobe terminating in a tooth above
and below at apex, tibise slightly curved.
By evening sweeping, in flood refuse, &c.; very rare; Forest Hill (Marsh) ;
Sydenham (Waterhouse); Cowley (Power); Scarborough (Lawson); Hartlepool
(Gardner). ‘This species is allied to 4. calcarata, but differs in the more rounded
sides and angles of thorax, and the truncate base of the same, and also in its more
oblong build, and closer set and smaller punctures of the strie of the elytra, as well
as by the less strongly dilated posterior tibia of the male,
A. triepkei, Schmidt. Oval, moderately convex, lighter or ‘darker
* The descriptions of the male characters of Anzsotoma often vary very much in
different authors; the posterior femora are usually dilated in a lobe, which from above
appears single, but in reality is double, being formed of two plates separated by a
groove, as will be seen by viewing the tibize sideways; the apex of each of these
plates is terminated by one or more teeth, or is obtuse or rounded ; some authors
describe the characters on one plate, some on both, and hence arises the confusion.
Anisotoma. | CLAVICORNIA. BD
ferrnginous or brownish-red ; antenne rather short, club long, as long
as the rest of the antenne, first and last joints not so broad as the
others ; thorax at base narrower than elytra, rounded at sides, broadest
in middle, base bisinuate, posterior angles almost rounded, upper surface
rather thickly and very distinctly punctured ; elytra with sides not
strongly rounded, rather depressed on disc, with strongly punctured strie,
the punctures, however, being not as large as in some of the allied species,
interstices very finely punctured, alternate ones with distinct larger
punctures. L. 3-4} mm.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, the femora angularly dilated and
finely denticulate in middle, and rounded at apex, tibiz biarcuate.
By evening sweeping; very rare; Forest Hill (Power); Weybridge ; Hartlepool
(Gardner); Scotland very rare, Forth and Tay districts; the first British specimen
was taken by Mr. Hislop, near Falkirk.
This species is allied to A. dubia, but differs in its more oval and
depressed form, bisinuate base of thorax, and broad head, as well as by
having the last joint of the antenne narrower than the penultimate,
and the forehead furnished with two instead cf four depressions ; it
appears to vary very much in size; in Dr. Sharp’s collection there is a
large, almost pitchy-ferruginous, male, which is nearly 42 mm. in
length.
A. pallens, Sturm. Short oval, of a light testaceous colour, strongly
convex ; head large, antenne very short, club a little darker; thorax
narrower at base than elytra, as broad or broader in middle than at base,
base truncate, posterior angles obtuse, upper surface thickly and finely
punctured ; elytra convex with rather finely punctured striae, interstices
thickly and exceedingly finely punctured ; legs in both sexes stout, pos-
terior legs short, shorter than in any other species in the group except
A. badia, femora rather broad. L. 2 mm.
Male with the posterior tibiz slightly curved.
By evening sweeping in sandy places near the coast ; three specimens taken by
Mr. J. J. Walker at Deal on September 19th, 1873.
This species by its short legs and antenne and general appearance
seems at first sight to belong to the other group which contains A. edliaris
and A. furva , it is, however, readily distinguished from these, apart from
its smaller size, by the absence of cilia on the margins of the elytra and the
somewhat longer and less stout posterior tibie, as well as by the much
finer punctuation of the thorax, and the finer punctuation of the striz and
interstices of the elytra: it is one of the species that will probably be
found in considerable numbers in Britain, as it is widely distributed on
the continent, having occurred in France, Germany, Austria, and
Russia.
The next two species are easily distinguished from all the others
belonging to the genus by the distinct cross striation of the interstices
of the elytra.
D2
36 OLAVICORNTA, [ Anisotoma.
A. rugosa, Steph. Short oval, moderately convex, ferruginous or
brownish-red, shining ; head and thorax thickly and distinctly punctured,
antenne comparatively long, with rather a long club, the last joint of
which is much narrower than the penultimate, and is rather long and
pointed ; thorax at base slightly narrower than elytra, narrowed in front,
base truncate, posterior angles obtuse and almost rounded ; elytra oval,
rounded at sides, with rather feeble and not strongly punctured stric,
interstices very plainly transversely rugose, and besides this more or less
distinctly punctured ; the alternate interstices are also furnished with
larger punctures; legs red. L. 3-4 mm.
Male with the posterior legs elongate, the femora dilated and rounded
at apex, and the tibie strongly curved.
By evening sweeping; very rare; London district (Stephens and Janson) ; Cater-
ham (Champion); Weybridge; Mickleham (Power); Scarborough (Lawson) ;
Hartlepool (Gardner); Northumberland district, banks of the Irthing, near Gilsland ;
Ireland, North Bull, near Dublin.
A. parvula, Sahlb. <A very small species, which can only be com-
pared with A. badia from which it is easily distinguished by the dis-
tinct cross striation of the interstices of the elytra; the thorax moreover,
which is impunctate on dise in A. badia, is finely punctured throughout ;
the sculpture of the elytra is much finer and the posterior legs are longer ;
the form is short oval and convex: antenne rather long, with the club a
little darker; thorax rather short, base truncate, posterior angles sharp
right angles, upper surface very finely punctured ; elytra with finely
punctured striz, interstices cross-striated; legs simple in both sexes,
L. 1-1$ mm.
By evening sweeping in woods; rare; Chatham, Darenth Wood, Mickleham,
Caterham, Esher, Whitstable ; Bognor; Glanvilles Wootton; Plymouth ; Scotland,
rare, Solway, Tweed and Forth districts ; it probably occurs in many other localities ;
it is usually uncommon but is somewhat widely distributed in Northern and Central
Europe.
Group 2.
This group contains the two rare species A. ed/iuris and A. furva, which
are distinguished from those of the preceding group by having the side
margins of the elytra set with distinct outstanding hairs; they may be
also easily recognized by their short and stout dilated posterior tibia,
which hardly extend to the apex of the elytra, a point in which they
differ from all the other species of the same size: A. Ladia has rather
short posterior tibize, but they are scarely dilated, and the whole insect is
of an entirely different appearance and much smaller: it is important that
these characters should be carefully noted, as the short hairs on the
margins of the elytra of A. furva are apt to get rubbed off.
I. Side margins of elytra set with long hairs; thorax
broadest just behind middle ; size smaller; colour lighter, A. CILIARIS, Schmidt.
ll. Side margins of elytra set with short hairs ; thorax
broadest just before base ; size larger; colour darker . . <A. FuRVA, Er.
=|
Anisotoma.] CLAVICORNIA. 3
A. ciliaris, Schmidt. Short elliptical, very convex, of a reddish-
brown or reddish testaceous colour ; head rather large, thickly punctured,
antenne short, with well-marked club, of which the last joint is consider-
ably narrower than the penultimate ; thorax short, distinctly narrower
than elytra, broadest just behind middle, posterior angles rounded, finely
and thickly punctured ; elytra very convex, with distimect and rather
long outstanding hairs on margins, with rather fine striz, interstices flat,
somewhat finely and thickly punctured ; legs stout, posterior tibiz short
and dilated towards apex, strongly spinose externally ; male with the
anterior tarsi scarcely dilated. L. 3-3} mm.
In sandy places, especially on sand-hills near the sea; rare; the first British
specimens were recorded by Mr. G. R. Waterhouse; Mr. W. G. Blatch has found it
in considerable numbers on the sand-hills near Swansea, and Mr. Moncreatf has taken
it at Cumberland Fort near Portsea.
A. furva, Er. Very closely allied to the preceding, but larger, and
of a darker reddish colour, with the thorax broadest just before base and
exactly as broad as the elytra; the club of the antenne is longer, and the
penultimate joint is more transverse ; the interstices of the elytra are not
so closely punctured, and the marginal cilia are shorter and less apparent,
and the posterior tibizs are less thickened ; the general form, moreover,
is rather longer and less convex. L. 33-3$ mm.
On sand-hills, &¢.; very rare; Constantine, Lancashire (Power); in Dr. Sharp’s
collection there is a fine specimen without locality; it has also been recorded from
Devonshire.
COLENITS, Erichson.
This genus contains five or six species from Europe and North America ;
they are minute globose insects, of a testaceous colour, and are distin-
guished by having the antenne with a 3-jointed club, the mesosternum
carinate, and the tarsi 5-4-4-jointed: one species is found in Britain.
Curtis describes another as C. Lutifrons which is mentioned in Water-
house’s catalogue as “ Leiodes?” and is given as synonymous with C.
dentipes: in the European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise
it is mentioned as a distinct species, but Reitter omits it altogether in bis
work on the Necrophaga. I cannot find out anything further about it,
and believe that we only possess ove species.
Cc. dentipes, Gyll. (immunda, Sturm., aciculata, Steph., brunnea,
Steph. coll.). Short oval, strongly convex, reddish-yellow or reddish-
brown, shining ; head moderately large, antenne rather long with the
last joint narrower than the preceding, reddish-brown ; thorax behind
about as broad as elytra, narrowed in front, gently rounded at sides,
anterior angles rounded, basal margin truncate, posterior angles sharp
right angles, upper surface impunctate ; elytra with very fine punctured
striz, the interstices finely transversely strigose, sutural stria distinct
from apex to beyond middle ; legs reddish testaceous, L. 1-12 mm,
38 CLAVICORNIA. | Colenis.
Male with the posterior femora broad and compressed, with a blunt
tooth between base and middle, and a sharp tooth between middle and
apex.
By beating, evening sweeping, &c. ; London district, not uncommon and generally
distributed ; Hastings; New Forest; Glanvilles Woottou; Devon; Knowle, near
Birmingham; Bretby, near Burton-on-Trent; Matlock; Lincoln; Northumberland
district, not rare; Scotland, scaree, Solway, Tweed, Forth, and Clyde districts ;
Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin.
AGARICOPHAGUS, Schmidt.
This genus contains three European species, of which two occur very
rarely in britain; they resemble Andsotoma in having a 5-jointed club to
the antenne, the second joint of the club being very small, and in the
fact that the mesosternum is carinate ; they differ, however, in having the
tarsi 4- 3- 3-jointed,
I. Larger, long oval; interstices of elytra moderately
thickly crossestriated . . . . ... =. ~. . . A. CEPHALOTES, Schmidt.
II. Smaller, short oval; interstices of elytra very
thickly crossestriated- . . . . . . . . . . . A, CONFORMIS, Er.
A. cephalotes, Sclimidt. Oblong-oval, not very convex, of a
lighter or darker reddish testaceous or ferruginous colour; head large,
very finely punctured and cross-striated ; antennsze moderate, with rather
long 5-jointed club; thorax as broad as elytra, with sides slightly rounded
and very little narrowed in front, with all the angles rounded, upper
surface extremely finely punctured and cross-striated, so that it appears a
little dull; elytra with distinctly punctured striew, sutural stria rather
strong, reaching from apex to about middle, interstices rather thickly and
plainly cross-striated ; legs reddish testaceous. L. 2 mm.
Male with the head larger than in female, and with the posterior
femora dilated, emarginate beneath, and armed in the middie with .a
recurved tooth.
By evening sweeping in and about woods; rare; London district, where it occurs
in several localities; Shirley, Caterham, Claygate, Mickleham, Tilgate, Shepherds
Well (Champion, Power, and Waterhouse) ; Rusper (Gorham).
A. conformis, Ir. Very closely allied to the preceding, but
smaller and of a shorter oval form, with the head smaller, and the thorax
more narrowed in front ; the elytra also are more thickly cross-striated,
and the posterior femora of the male are only armed with a minute
tooth in middle. L. 14-13 mm.
A specimen in Dr. Power's collection named A. conformis has been
confirmed for me by Herr Reitter as belonging to this species; this
specimen is from Mickleham, and there are others in Dr. Power’s collec-
tion from Birch Wood and Cowfold ; the differences appear to me so
slight that I should be very sorry to separate the species if mixed.
A. conformis has been before introduced into the British list by Mr.
Ayaricophagus. | CLAVICORNIA, 39
Crotch and then dropped as being only a small cephalotes, and I should
5 / )
prefer to consider Dr. Power’s specimens as all belonging to the latter
species, were it not for Reitter’s determination ; A. preecellens, Hampe,
the third European species, is regarded by Reitter as synonymous with
A. cephalotes ; it is plain therefore that the species are all very closely
connected.
HYDNOBIUS, Schmit.
This genus contains about eight species, two of which are found in
North America and one in Chili; the others occur in Europe ; four of
these have hitherto been discovered in Britain ; they have, as a rule,
been considered very rare, but one or two have lately been found in
large numbers ; Rye added a fourth species, H. spinipes, Gyll., but after-
wards withdrew it, believing that his specimen was only a highly
developed male of HZ. strigosus ; H. spinipes appears, however, to be more
closely related to H. punctatus (of which it has been by some authors
considered as the female) than to H. strigosus; the genus resembles
Triarthron in having all the tarsi 5-jomted, but differs from that genus
in having the club 5-jointed with the second joint small, as in Anisotoma.
Our species may be distinguished as follows
I. Size larger (83-4 mm.); punctuation very course ;
side margins of elytra set with fine hairs . . . . H. PERRISI, Fairm.
II. Size smaller (13-2) mm.); punctuation finer ;
side margins of Ovens without hairs,
i. Length 2-23 mm.; club of antenna nearly
always dark, last joint plainly narrower than the
penultimate.
1. Colour variable, nearly always pitchy black,
but sometimes ferruginous; punctuation of
elytra somewhat confused; male with the
posterior femora armed with a large trian-
gular recurved tooth . . . . . H. puncrarTissimus, Steph.
2. Colour always ferruginous or reddish- yellow;
rows of punctures on elytra regular, those of
the interstices being almost as strong as those
of the regular striz ; male with the posterior :
femora armed with a spiniform tooth . . . H. puncratus, Sturm.
ii, Length 14-12 mm.; club of antenne reddish
testaceous, last joint hardly, if at all, narrower ;
than the penultimate . . . . . . . . . H. strigosus, Schmidt.
H. Perrisi, Fairm. Oblong ovate, somewhat depressed, varying in
colour from ferruginous (in somew hat immature specimens) to dark
reddish-brown, w hich latter is the usual colour of the insect ; the elytra
are often obscurely darker at suture ; head large, rather strongly punc-
tured ; antenne short, with well-marked blackish club, the last joint of
which is narrower than the penultimate ; thorax narrower than elytra,
narrowed in front, broadest behind middle, and thence narrowed to base,
posterior angles very obtuse, almost rounded, upper surface thickly and
40 CLAVICORNIA. | Lydnobius.
coarsely punctured, base truncate; elytra long, rather depressed on dise,
with strongly punctured striz, and with the interstices very distinetly
punctured, sometimes presenting a slightly rugose appearance ; legs rather
stout, tibiz somewhat dilated towards apex in both sexes. L. 33-4 mm.
Male with the posterior Jegs longer, the femora dilated and terminating
above and below in a well-marked, but not sharp, tooth; tibie rather
strongly curved.
In sandy places on the coast; rare ; first introduced as British on two old specimens
in Mr. Waterhouse’s collection, supposed to have come trom Scotland; three specimens
were also found by Mr. Rye among some undetermined Anisotomide in the Rey. H.
Clark’s colleetion ; it has also been recorded from Gateshead, but has been considered
one of our rarest British Coleoptera until quite recently, when most of our collections
have been supplied with it throngh the liberality of Mr. J. Gardner, who has taken it
in numbers near Hartlepool.
H. punctatissimus, Steph. Oblong-ovate, rather depressed, usually
of a deep pitchy black colour, but variable in this respect, and occasionally
ferruginous ; head rather large in both sexes, finely and rather diffusely
punctured ; antenne moderate, reddish with dark club, last joint narrower
than the penultimate; thorax about as broad as elytra with sides rounded
and narrowed in front, posterior angles rounded, upper surface rather
diffusely punctured; elytra with moderately strongly punctured strix,
and the interstices also plainly punctured; the sculpture, however, is
rather confused and irregular ; legs entirely ferruginous, or black with the
knees reddish, tarsi always reddish-yellow. L. 2-2} mm.
Male with the posterior femora armed with a strong triangular recurved
tooth.
By evening sweeping ; also in sandy places on and near clifls ; very local ; Caterham;
Mickleham; Kingsgate; Glanvilles Wootton; Uphill, near Weston-super-Mare ;
Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire ; Scarborough ; Constantine, Lancashire; Northumbe:land
district, very rare, Saltwell and Long Benton; Scotland, very rare, Forth district.
This has usually been considered one of our rarest British species, but
quite recently Mr. Theodore Wood has found it by hundreds on the
shore and on and about the cliffs at Kingsgate near Margate ; it has
usually been distinguished from H. punctatus by its dark pitchy black
colour, but among these there were a number of apparently mature light
ferruginous specimens which plainly belong to the species, of which they
must be regarded as a light variety.
H. punctatus, Sturm. Very closely allied to the preceding, but of
smaller average size, and distinguished by being invariably of a ferru-
ginous colour, and by the more regular punctuation of the elytra, the
punctures on the interstices being as large and regular as those of the
strie ; the male also has the posterior femora terminated by a long spini-
form tooth. L. 2mm.
By sweeping, &c.; very rare; Mr, Crotch records eight specimens of this species
and H. spinipes (which, as above observed, is regarded by some authors as a form of
the female of H. punctatus) from “ North Wales, Liverpool, and Scotland ;” Purley
Hydnobius. | CLAVICORNIA. 41
Down and Mickleham (Power) ; Manchester and Liverpool! district, Hightown (Archer);
Mr. Crotch’s specimens named H. spinipes must evidently be referred to this insect,
as H. spinipes, if distinct, appears not to have been found in Britain.
H. strigosus, Schmidt. A very small species, oblong, lighter or
darker reddish testaceous or ferruginous, sometimes with the head and
thorax darker ; antenne entirely A Fakes testaceous, with a moderately
long club, of which the last joint is about as broad as the penultimate ;
thorax about as broad as elytra, narrowed in front, broadest near base,
posterior angles blunt, upper surface finely punctured ; elytra with sides
subparallel until a little before apex, with rather fine rows of punctures,
interstices more or less plainly wrinkled transversely, sutural stria deep ;
legs clear yellow. L. 14-14 mm.
Male with the posterior femora armed with a broad triangular tooth.
By evening sweeping; rare; Chatham, Darenth Wood, Caterham, Mickleham,
Forest Hill, Maidstone, Sheppy, Bearstead, Claygate, Birdbrook , Essex), Sanderstead ;
Shipley near Horsham ; Boguor, in plenty (Waterhouse); Barmouth (Blatch).
TRIARTHRON, Maerkel.
This genus contains one species which is found very rarely in England
and in Central Europe ; it is distinguished from all the other members of
the Anisotomide except Hydnobius by having all the tarsi 5-jointed ;
from Hydnobius it differs in having the club of the antennz 3-jointed ;
in the latter genus it is 5-jointed.
T. Maerkeli, Schmidt. Oblong oval, convex, of a reddish-yellew
colour, shining ; head rather larger in male than in female, finely punc-
tured ; antenne moderately long, with broad and distinct 3 jointed club ;
thorax behind middle as broad as elytra, transverse, with sides rounded,
posterior angles rounded, upper surface finely punctured ; elytra with
sides gently rounded, with strongly punctured striz, interstices almost
smooth, except for a few widely spread large punctures on the alternate
ones; legs rather short. L. 3-3} mm.
Male with the posterior femora compressed, excised underneath at
base, and dilated and denticulate in middle, anterior tarsi somewhat
dilated.
By evening sweeping, invariably beneath fir-trees ; very rare; Esher (Power and
Rye); Shirley (Janson) ; Woking (Saunders and Champion); New Forest (Janson) ;
in the latter locality some very large specimens have been obtained.
SILPHINA.
This tribe contains the largest members belonging to the family,
including the well-known ‘ Necrophori” or ‘ Burying beetles ;” the
anterior cox are conical and prominent and furnished with a large tro-
chantin or paracoxa, and the posterior cox are contiguous ; the anterior
coxal cavities are open behind ; the abdomen has six free ventral segments,
and the tarsi are all 5-jointed.
12 CLAVICORNIA. [Silphina.
I. Antenne apparently 10-jointed, the second joint being
very small, with an abrupt capitate 4-jointed club . NercropHorus, F.
IJ. Antenne distinctly 11-jointed, with a gradual club,
or simply thickened towards apex.
i. Thorax suborbicular ; eyes very Jarge; general shape
like Necrophorus. . . . - « « « © « « « NEcRODES, Wilkin.
ii. Thorax more or less semicircular; eyes small or
moderate formuovabel ys «ees i ges 6 oe) RDP EAS.
NECROPHORUS, Fabricius.
This genus is distinguished from the other members of the Silphina
by having the antenne apparently 10-jointed, and terminated by a very
abrupt round club made up of four joints: the antenne are, however,
really 11 jointed, the second joint being very small ; the Necrophori are
large insects, sometimes black, but more often black with the elytra
traversed by broad orange bands; the genus contains a considerable
number of species, which are chiefly found in Europe, Northern Asia and
North America; very few have hitherto been discovered in tropical
countries: as the well-known “ burying beetles” they are familiar to all
observers of nature; in the larger carcases, which they frequent in
considerable numbers, and in the birds, small quadrupeds, frogs, &c.,
which they bury bodily they lay their eggs, which hatch and grow into
thick fleshy larve, sustained by the food thus provided for them ; these
larvee in shape somewhat resemble those of Cercyon, but are provided
with short legs ; when full-grown they attain a considerable size ; those
of I. vespillo and N. mortuorum are figured by Schiddte I., vii. figs. 1,
11, and 15; the head is small, and is furnished with short antenne ; the
prothorax is narrower, but considerably longer, than the meso- and meta-
thorax ; the abdominal segments are furnished with rather small corneous
plates, each of which is furnished with four teeth pointing backwards ;
the ninth segment bears two short cerei, which are more elongate in J.
mortuorum than in N, vespillo, The colour of these larvee is dirty-white
or yellowish, with the corneous parts of a deeper dirty-yellow colour ; the
pupa does not present any striking peculiarity ; it is considerably narrowed
behind, and is terminated by two small cerci; when the larva has
reached maturity, it forms for itself a cell underground, in which it
undergoes its transformation to the perfect insect.
The Necrophori resemble each other very closely im structure, so that
a separate description is not necessary in each case: the head varies
somewhat in size, but is strongly narrowed at some little distance behind
eyes; the antenne vary chiefly as regards the colour of the club ; the
thorax is trapezoidal, with the angles rounded, slightly narrowed behind,
with large explanate borders, which are much more strongly punctured
than disc ; in the middle there is a central furrow, and the anterior pait
of the disc is uneven, the central part being rather raised ; the elytra are
dilated behind, or subparallel, truncate, and leaving part of the abdomen
Necrophorus. | CLAVICORNIA, 45
exposed ; legs stout, posterior tibiv either straight or curved; some of
the species are very variable as regards size.
About a dozen species of V: ecrophorus are found in Europe, of which
seven are regarded as British ; one of these, however, NV. germanicus, 1s
somewhat doubtfully indigenous.
M cues black, without orange bands.
ant of antenne black, epipleuree red . . N. GerMAnNicts, L.
. Club of antenne reddish-yellow, epipleurze black
or obscurely brown. . ee ON HI MGATOR eH.
Ms Elytra black, with lar ge orange bands,
art of antenne black . . . > «se 2 IN. ALORTDOR UM. A.
. Club of antennz reddish yellow.
a fgets tibiee straight.
. Thorax with long yellow hairs on all the
margins . . Sal ec
B. ‘Thor ax without yellow hairs on margins.
. Anterior orange band continued without
Gaterbaption across both elytra ; abdomen
with thin pubescence at extreme apex . N. RUSPATOR, Jr.
b. Anterior orange band of elytra inter-
rupted by alongitudinal common dark band
at suture: abdomen broadly and thickly
N. vestTi@gatonr, Hersch.
pubescent before apex . . . . . . . N, INTERRUPTUS, Steph.
2. Posterior tibize curved; thorax with yellow
hairs on anterior margin. . . . . . . . N. VESPILLO, L.
N. germanicus, L. The largest species of the genus; black, with
a spot on forehead (which is obscure in female), and the epipleure of
elytra reddish testaceous, antennie short, with the club black; thorax
trapezoidal, with angles rounded, dise finely channelled and punctured,
rather raised, siles strongly punctured ; scutellum Jong; elytia closely
punctured with two feebly raised longitudinal lines on each ; legs some-
what stout, anterior tarsi of male dilated and furnished beneath with
reddish brush-like hairs. L. 25-32 mm. -
Very rare and doubttully indigenous ; recorded by Stephens from Moushold Heath
near Norwich, Oxford, and the banks of the Thames above Windsor, and by Curtis
from Norfolk ; it has lately been recorded from Fairlight near Hastings, in the
catalogue of the Coleoptera of the neighbourhood compiled by Mr. E. A. Butler and
others.
N. humator, Goeze. Fntirely black, with the head and thorax
shining, and the elytra thickly punctured and duller; club of antennee
yellowish-red, thorax slightly narrowed behind, finely and diffusely
punctured on disc, thickly and strongly at sides; elytra with three rather
distinctly raised lines on each; anterior tarsi strongly dilated in male.
L. 18-28 mm.
In careases ; common and generally distributed throughout the kingdom.
N. mortuorum, F. (vespi/loides, Herbst). Black, with two orange
bands on the elytra, the latter of which is reduced to two large kidney-
shaped patches: this point and the black club of the antenne will at
44 CLAVICORNIA. [| Necrophorus.
once distinguish it from all our allied species ; thorax without pubescence ;
abdomen with dark pubescence except at apex, which is furnished with
a tuft of yellowish hairs, posterior tibi straight; anterior tarsi dilated
in male; the size is very variable, some specimens being very small.
L. 10-15 mm.
In carcases, decaying fungi, &c.; rather local in some districts, but, as a rule,
common and generally distributed in England and Scotland, and probably in
Ireland.
N. vestigator, Hersch. Black, with two orange bands on the elytra ;
club of antennz orange-rel: thorax considerably dilated in front, with
long yellow hairs on all the margins, which are also present to a less
extent ou the head; the abdomen and femora are also covered with
yellow pubescence: it most closely resembles N. vespil/o, but is easily
distinguished from that species by the straight posterior tibiae, and the
emarginate posterior trochauters which terminate in two short spines.
L. 16-18 mm.
In careases, &c.; not common; London district, Battersea Fields (Stephens),
Weybridge; Deal; Dawlish, Devon; Cromer, Norfolk ; not recorded from tte
northern districts of England, or from Scotland; Ireland, near Belfast (Haliday).
N. ruspator, Er. (investigatur, Zett). Black, elytra with two
orange bands, the anterior of which is not interrupted at suture, but is
continued in common across their whole breadth; the black band between
the two is more regular and less dentate than in the other species ;
thorax without pubescence; abdomen with scanty, dark pubescence,
except for a yellowish tuft of hair at the apex ; posterior tibiw straight,
posterior trochanters emarginate at apex; male with the anterior tarsi
strongly dilated, and furnished as in the allied species with yellow
brush-like hairs beneath. L. 15-18 mm.
In careases, &e.; local ; Shirley, Mickleham, Weybridge, Shipley near Horsham ;
Hastings; Devon; common in the Midlands; Manchester and Liverpool] districts ;
Northumberland and Durham ; Scotland, common, Sclway, Forth, Tay, and probably
other districts ; Ireland, near Dublin, Waterford, &c.
V. Microcephalus, Thoms. This variety differs from the type in
having a very small more or less triangular head; the apex of the pos-
terior trochanters, which are recurved in the type form, are straight, and
the clypeus is only feebly.emarginate ; the specimens appear to be males :
it has occurred at Weybridge and other localities.
N. interruptus, Steph. (fossor, Er.). This species is closely allied
to the preceding, but may be distinguished by having the anterior band
interrupted more or less broadly at suture, and by the distinct yellowish
or yellowish-grey pubescence of the abdomen; the club of the antenne is
orange-yellow, the thorax is not pubescent, and tlie posterior tibiae are
straight; the posterior trochanters are obscurely cmarginate at apex.
L. 12-18 mm.
Neerophorus. | CLAVICORNIA. 4.5
In carcases, &e ; rare; Dulwich; Caterham; Weybridge; Wimbledon; Tilgate
Forest ; Dover; Hastings; New Forest ; Phillack, Cornwall; Hunstanton, Norfolk,
Norwich.
V. gallicus, Duv. This variety has the posterior trochanters hooked,
instead of obscurely emarginate at apex, and the clypeus of the male
more deeply emarginate. I have only seen one or two British specimens,
without locality attached.
WN. vespillo, L. This species may at once be known from all the
other orange-banded species by the strongly curved posterior tibie: the
thorax has a yellow fringe of hairs in front, and the abdomen is thickly
clothed with yellow pubescence, so that superficially it bears a strong
resemblance to N. vestigator: apart, however, from the shape of the
tibie, it may be easily known from that species by having the thorax
much less dilated in front, and by the long pointed posterior trochanters.
L, 15-20 mm.
In carcases ; not uncommon and generally distributed throughout the greater part
of England ; rarer further north; Scotland, not common, Solway, Forth, and Moray
districts; Ireland, Dublin, Waterford, Belfast, &c., and probably general.
NECRODES, Wilkin (Aslolus, Voct).
This genus in shape much resembies Necrophorus, but in several
points is more closely related to Silpha, and has by many authors been
regarded merely as a sub-genus of this latter genus ; it might perhaps be
more correct so to consider it, but external structure certainly ought to
have some weight, and the single European species of Necrodes differs so
much in this point from all our native species of Silpha that it appears
to be the best plan to separate it at all events provisionally ; representa-
tives of the genus have also been recorded from India and South
America.
N. littoralis, L. A large species, somewhat variable in size, black,
with the thorax shining, and the elytra somewhat dull; head triangular,
strongly contracted behind eyes, which are prominent; antenne black,
with the three last joints reddish-yellow, club very gradual (a point that
at once separates the genus from Neerophorus) ; thorax rather broader than
long, with the sides strongly rounded, disc almost smooth, finely punctured,
sides thickiy punctured, with an indistinct central furrow, and more or less
obsolete depressions towards base ; scutellum long, pointed behind, thickly
punctured ; elytra much widened behind, thickly punctured, with rather
strongly raised margins, and three raised lines on each ; third interstice
with a strong tubercle behind middle ; in the male the posterior legs are
very much enlarged, the femora being very strongly thickened, and the
tibie very much curved ; the anterior tarsi are also dilated. L. 13-25 min.
In careases ; somewhat local, but not unco.nmon, and generaily distributed through-
out the country.
46 CLAVICORNIA. [Stlpha.
SILPHA, Linné.
This genus in its broadest sense contains a large number of species
which are widely distributed over the surface of the globe, but are, as at
present known, more characteristic of the northern and temperate zones
than of tropical regions ; if we exclude the Necrophorus-like genus Ne-
crodes, all our species may be easily known by their broad more or less
ovate shape, continuous outline, and small head, which is more or less
retracted beneath the thorax when the insect is at rest; the exotic
forms, however, present great degrees of variation, and, in some instances,
supply strong connecting links between the various sub-genera. Thomson,
Reitter, and others divide the genus Stlpha, as it has been usually
regarded in our British catalogues, into several separate genera: some of
these are more and some less distinct, and therefore, although one or two
certainly, perhaps, ought to be entirely divided off, I have thought it
best to regard them, as has been done in other instances, as sub-genera :
no genus or group has suffered more from the late revival of obsolete
names than this ; in Herr Reitter’s monograph, published in 1885, not a
single genus of the tribe Silphina goes by the name that it bore in the
catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, published in 1883, with the
exception of Ptervlema, which is not represented in our fauna; and,
what is worse, although Silpha survives, yet it is applied to Necrophorus ;
it is true that some, at all events, of the changes of nomenclature appear
to be historically correct,.as far as the law of priority goes, but in many
instances the descriptions of the old authors of the last century are so
meagre, that it is almost impossible to tell what their type really was ;
and, at any rate, when the names Silpha and Necrophorus have been in
use with their present connotation for upwards of ninety years (v.
Fabricius, Syst. El. I. 333 and 336), it certainly seems a “ reductio ad
absurdum ” of the present rage for reviving old names, to thus mix them
up and confuse them past all recognition; the same remarks will apply
to Necrodes, Oiceoptoma, and Phosphuga, which have been in use for
nearly sixty years, and to many other genera in other groups and families.
The larvee of several species of Silpha are well known, and in some cases they
have proved very injurious to crops; this is especially the case with the larva of
Silpha opaca, which at times does very great damage to beet and mangold-wurzel ;
the larva, like the generality of the Silpha larve, is shaped much like a wood-louse,
and is black and rather shining, with the thoracic segments rounded or obtusely
angled at base and the abdominal segments with the posterior angles rather sharp
and produced; the last segment bears two sharp spinose cerci; when full-fed these
larvee bury themselves three or four inches in the earth and emerge as perfect beetles
at the end of two or three weeks (See Curtis, ‘‘ Farm Insects,” p. 391). If it can be
proved that the eggs of the beetle are laid originally in putrefying matter, Miss
Ormerod’s suggestions (“‘ Manual of Injurious Insects,” p. 13) that artificial manure
should be used where attacks are frequent, or that the ordinary farm-yard manure
should be applied in the autumn instead of in the spring, might be productive of very
good results ; it appears to me, however, that this is by no means a certain fact, for
1 have found the larvee of a species of Silpha which I believe to be S. opaca ora
Silpha. | OLAVICORNIA. 47
closely allied species at the roots of wild plants on the side of cliffs in the Isle of
Wight, and if the larva at one period of its existence is a plant-feeder, there is no
reason why it should not be so from the time it hatches out of the egg; the insect
appears only to attack the leaves, and not to affect the root directly ; if, therefore,
the field is left to itself, it may recover after the larve have all assumed the pupa
stage, which happens about the beginning of July.
The larve of Silpha rugosa and S. obscura are described and figured by Schiddte I.
p. 35, Pl. IX. i. 15; they are very different in shape, the former being much more
elongate than the latter, with the angles of the thoracic segments rounded, and those
of the abdominal segments strongly produced; the prothoracie segment is not much
narrower in front than behind, and the cerci are three times as long as the anal
appendage; the larva of 9. obscura is broad in front and narrowed behind, almost
shield-shaped, with the prothorax very larze, semicircular, with posterior angles
blunt ; all the other segments except the tenth are strongly produced at the posterior
angles, and become gradually narrower; the tenth is broad and subquadrate, and
bears a short blunt anal appendage and two short cerci; the head, which in the
larva of S. rugosa, is rather large and projecting, is almost concealed behind the
thorax, and the antenne are much longer than in this latter species ; their appearance
rather tends to prove that the species are, as they are regarded by many authors,
generically distinct.
I, Thorax truncate or emarginate in front; head not
elongate ; mandibles not produced.
i. Intermediate cox not widely separated; elytra in
both sexes rounded together at apex.
1. Head moderately or slightly contracted behind
eyes; labrum moderately emarginate.
A. Antenne with club not strongly marked, and
with second joint equal to third; tibiz straight ; .
colour unicolorous black (in our species) . . . SIDPHA, i. sp. (Para-
silpha, Reitter).
B. Antenne with club strongly marked, and with
second joint longer than third; tibize curved,
more so in the male than in the female; elytra
reddish testaceous, with two black spots on each
(invoursspecies)ic | 5.) 5-4) «| « - + DENDROXENA Mors:
(Xylodrepa, Thoms.).
2. Head short and broad, not narrowed at all behind
eyes ; labrum emarginate to base (Ozceoptoma,
Leach).
A. Anteunz with very gradual club, seventh joint
very little narrower than eighth, second joint quite
twice as long as third . ACLYPEA, Reitter.
B. Antenne with well-marked club, seventh joint
much narrower than eighth, second joint about a
quarter longer than third . . . . BuriropHaGa, Reitter.
. Intermediate coxee very widely separated ; “elytra
with the sutural angle produced in female; antennze
with second joint shorter than third . . . . . THANATOPHILUS, Leach.
(Pseudopelta, Reitter).
II. Thorax forming a complete semicircle; head much
niece than broad ; mandibles produced.
. Antenne very short and stout; elytra smooth; legs
ose with tibiz widened towards apex. . . . ABLATTARIA, Reitter.
. Antenne long and slender; elytra ribbed ; legs
" gendee Dy ee ere ene oh oe). bays Meech OS) 6.5, oon Je HOSPHUGA,, Leach:
(Peltis, Reitter,
nec auct.).
48 CLAVICORNIA. [| Silpha.
(Sub-Gen. Silpha, i. sp. (Parasilpha, Reitter).
This sub-genus contains about eight European species, of which three
are British ; they are rather large, and are of a unicolorous black colour ;
they are chiefly distinguished by the sculpture of the elytra.
I. Elytra with three very distinct raised keels on each ; upper
surface rather shining ; interstices evenly punctured . . §S. TRistis, I/l.
II, Elytra with three less distinct raised lines on each, the
outer one being the strongest.
i. Upper surface rather shining ; interstices of elytra coarsely
and unevenly punctured, with slightly raised irregular
smooth spaces, which are more or less confluent . . . S. Nr@RivA, Crewfz.
ii, Upper surface very dull; interstices of elytra evenly and
rather strongly punctured) = 29. 3. 26 « « 2 = = SS, OBSCURA, I.
S. tristis, Ill. A rather large, oblong, or elliptical species, some-
what depressed, black, rather shining; head contracted behind eyes,
antennee rather long, with second ana third joints of about equal length,
and a rather gradual four-jointed club; thorax transverse, with anterior
margin truncate, and posterior margin rather strongly sinuate, impressed
at base, more closely punctured at sides than on disc, posterior angles
rounded ; ,scutellum acuminate, thickly punctured ; elytra subparallel,
with three strongly raised smooth keels on each, interstices very closely
but evenly, distinctly and rather coarsely punctured; legs moderately
stout. L. 13-15 mm.
Male with the first four joints of the anterior tarsi dilated and
furnished beneath with brush-like hairs, intermediate tarsi feebly
dilated.
In carcases, moss, &c.; often found on pathways; not uncommon in some districts,
but very local; Southend, Sheerness, Chatham, Deal, Dover ; Isle of Wight; Alver-
stoke; Swansea; Barmouth; Sutton Park; Repton ; Nottinghamshire; Crosby near
Liverpool ; Lancaster; Northumberland district ; Carlisle; Scotland, rare, Solway
and Forth districts.
S nigrita, Creutz. (tyrolensis, var. Laich., alpina, Germ.). In size
and shape very like the preceding, but easily distinguished by the
sculpture of the elytra, which have the inner two lines very indistinctly
raised, and the third only moderately raised, and the interstices coarsely,
unevenly and rugosely punctured, the punctures being separated by more
or less distinct smooth and somewhat raised spaces, which are confluent.
L. 12-14 mm.
Tn carcases, &c.; London district, very rare, and apparently not found in the south
of England; not uncommon further north in some localities ; Smallheath near Bir-
mingham; Erdington; Repton; Matlock; Bala, N. Wales; Shropshire; Nottingham-
shire; York; Lake district; Northumberland and Cumberland ; Scotland, not
common, Solway, ‘Tay and Dee districts.
S. obscura, L. Of the same size and general shape as the two
preceding, but easily distinguished from S. érist’s by its much duller
Silpha. CLAVICORNIA. Ad
Lt
appearance, and the much less distinctly raised lines on elytra, as well as
by the somewhat coarser punctuation of the interstices ; from S. négrita,
it may be known by having the interstices evenly punctured, as well as
by its less shining appearance and more even and broader thorax. L.
12-14 mm.
In carcases, at roots of grass, &c.; frequently found on pathways; not uncommon
in some districts, but local; London district, rather common, Box Hull, Merton,
Sheerness, Southend, Chatham, &c. ; Herne Bay; Ramsgate; Deal; Dover; Hastings;
Brighton; Glanvilles Wootton; Bournemouth ; Isle of Wight; Dero: Notting-
hamshire; Cambridgeshire ; summit of Skiddaw in company with Leistus montanus ;
Northumberland district, rare; Dr. Sharp considers the species to be doubtful as
Scottish ; Murray records it as “not common but generally distributed,” but he must
have made a mistake as uo other record appears to be known,
(Sub-Gen. Dendroxena, Mots. (Xylodrepa, Thoms.)
The single European species belonging to this sub-genus is easily
distinguished by its colour, and also by its habitat ; it is found on trees
where it appears to devour the larvee of caterpillars ; it is local but not
at all uncommon in some localities.
S. quadripunctata, L. Oblong-oval, slightly convex, smooth and
shining ; head, antenne, and legs black, thorax black with margins
broadly reddish testaceous, seutellum black or pitchy, elytra reddish
testaceous with two round black spots on each, one at base, and one
behind middle ; head narrowed behind eyes; antennz moderate, with
second joint longer than third, and with well-marked four-jointed club ;
thorax transverse, emarginate in front, posterior angles rounded, disc
less thickly punctured than sides, margined ; scutellum large, pointed
behind, thickly punctured; elytra with rather broadly raised margins,
rugosely punctured, with three indistinctly raised lines ; legs moderately
stout, anterior tarsi with the first four joints clothed with yellowish
pubescence beneath. L. 12-14 mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi somewhat dilated and the posterior tibiz
strongly curved.
On oaks and other trees; not found in carcases; it feeds on Lepidopterous and
other Jarvee ; not uncommon in the Midland and Southern districts, but rarer further
north; Darenth Wood; Coombe Wood; Loughton; New Forest; Plymouth;
Llangollen; Sutton Park; Dean Forest; Burton-on-Trent; Sherwood Forest ;
Nocton, near Lincoln; Northumberland district, rare ; Scotland, very rare, Forth,
Tay, Moray, and Sutherland districts; Ireland, the Dargle, near Dublin.
(Sub-Gen, Aclypea, Reitter.)
This sub-genus and the next have usually been regarded as one, under
the name of Oiceoptoma ; there are, however, considerable differences
between them, as regards the formation of the club of the antenne and
the relative length of the joints and also in the sculpture of the elytra,
VOL, III, E
50 CLAVICORNIA. [ Silpha.
Aclypea contains three European species, of which one is found rarely in
Britain.
S. reticulata, F. (wndata, Mill.). Oblong, somewhat depressed,
black ; head not narrowed behind eyes, thickly and rugosely punctured,
antennve rather short with very gradual club, second joint much longer
than third ; thorax transverse, with sides moderately rounded, apical
border straight, narrower than basal border, which is sinuate, posterior
angles rounded, upper surface very thickly and comparatively finely
punctured, depressed obscurely on each side towards posterior angles ;
scutellum large, pointed behind, thickly punctured; elytra with sides
subparallel, with three raised lines on each, of which the external one
is considerably the strongest, interstices coarsely punctured, with irre-
gular transverse elevations, but with no marked tubercle behind middle ;
legs black. L. 11-13 mm.
Male with the first four joints of anterior tarsi dilated.
In carcases, &c.; rare; Battersea Fields, London ; Swansea, Crymlyn Burrows ;
Cambridge ; Nottinghamshire; Dr. Power has also taken it at a place called “ King’s
hedges,”’ but I do not know the locality.
(Sub-Gen. Blitophaga, Reitter.)
Three European species are contained in this sub-genus, of which one
is found in Britain ; in general appearance it is closely connected with
S. dispar and its allies, but may at once be separated by the formation
of the head, and the deep emargination of the labrum.
S. opaca, L. Oblong-oval, almost quadrangular, somewhat de-
pressed, black, clothed with close yellowish or yellowish-red pubescence ;
head not contracted behind eyes, antennz moderately long, with club
well marked ; thorax transverse, with sides rounded, anterior margin
-feebly sinuate at sides, posterior margin strongly sinuate, disc with
evident depressions, finely and closely punctured ; scutellum pointed,
thickly punctured; elytra parallel-sided, rounded at apex, with three
distinct raised keels on each, interstices finely punctured, the third with
a strong tubercle behind middle ; legs moderately stout. L.10 mm.
Male with the first four joints of anterior tarsi dilated.
Tn carcases, moss, &c.; local in England ; London district, not common, Woking
and Coombe Wood, Surrey; Suffolk; Sheerness; Whitstable; Deal; Exmouth ;
Devon; Swansea; Knowle; Cannock Chase; Nottinghamshire; Chat Moss; Ripon ;
Northumberland district ; Scotland, rather common, Solway, Tweed, Clyde, Forth,
Tay, Dee, and Moray districts; Ireland, Portmarnock.
(Sub-Gen, Thanatophilus, Leach. (Pseudopelta, Reitter.)
This sub-genus contains about eight European species, of which four
are found in Britain; the first is easily distinguished from all our
other species of Si/pha by its red thorax and black elytra ; the other three
are dark, obscure-looking insects,
Silpha.] CLAVICORNIA, 51
I. Thorax red, elytra black; length 13-l6mm. .. . .
II. Thorax concolorous with elytra, dull black, or brownish ;
length 8-10 mm.
i. Elytra with the interstices furnished with very strongly
raised ridges or tubercles, placed transversely . . . . . S. RUGOSA, L.
ii, Elytra with the interstices smooth.
1. Scutellum finely pubescent, elytra almost without pu-
bescence ; base of thorax moderately sinuate . . , . . S.SINUATA, FP’.
2. Scutellum very thickly, and elytra thickly, covered with
yellowish pubescence ; base of thorax strongly sinuate . . S,DIspAr,Herbsé,
S. THORACICA, L.
S. thoracica, L. A large, broad, rather depressed, elliptical species
with red thorax and velvety-black elytra, head and thorax clothed with
yellow pubescence ; head black, contracted behind eyes, antenng short
with strongly marked four-jointed club; thorax much broader at base
than apex, emarginate in front, basal margin not strongly sinuate, pos-
terior angles rounded, upper surface very uneven, thickly and finely
punctured at sides, more strongly on disc; scutellum acuminate, some-
what concave ; elytra broader behind than thorax, finely punctured, with
the suture and the external keel strongly raised, the latter terminating
behind ina strong blunt tubercle, and the internal lines feebly raised
until near apex, then stronger and continued to apex; legs black, rather
stout and spinose ; humeral angle of elytra dentate in both sexes, sutural
angle distinctly produced in female, obtuse in male, L. 13-16 mm.
In carcases, fungi, &e..; also by sweeping ; not uncommon, and generally distributed
throughout England, Wales, and Scotland, and probably in Ireland. I have once
tukeu it by sweeping in a wood near Lincoln on a hot day.
S. rugosa, L. An obscure, dark-coloured, species, of an oblong-
oval or elliptical shape, with the head and thorax rather thickly clothed
with yellowish-grey pubescence ; antenne short, with a strongly marked
three-jointed club, the eighth joint also being somewhat dilated ; thorax
emarginate in front, basal margin sinuate, sides strongly rounded in front,
upper surface thickly and finely punctured, and covered with large and
bare, slightly raised, elevations, which are arranged in irregular rows ;
posterior angles rounded ; scutellum acuminate, thickly pubescent, except
for a bare patch on each side; elytra with sides subparallel, finely
punctured, with the suture and three lines raised, and the interstices
furnished with raised elevations or tubercles, placed transversely, apex
truncate in male, sinuously produced in female ; legs moderately stout.
L. 10-11 mm.
In carcases, &c. ; the commonest member of the genus in Britain ; generally dis-
tributed throughout the kingdom.
S. sinuata, F. In size and colour, and also in the structure and
sculpture of head and thorax, as well as in the pubescence of the same,
much resembling the preceding ; it is, however, at once distinguished by
the elytra, which are finely punctured, and have the interstices between
the ridges plain, and not furnished with transverse raised elevations or
tubercles ; in the female the apex is emarginate and very strongly pro-
E 2
52 CLAVICORNIA, [ Scipha.
duced at sutural angle; in the male it is truncate ; in some respects
this species resembles S. opaca, but the latter species has the head
not contracted behind eyes, the thorax more even, the antennal club
more gradual, and the elytra more coarsely punctured, and thickly
covered with yellowish pubescence, whereas in S. sinwata they are almost
glabrous. L. 10-12 mm.
In carcases, &e.; not uncommon in the London district and the South, but perhaps
commoner in the Midlands; further north it becomes rarer; Northumberland and
Durham district, rare; Scotland, rare, Solway and Forth district; Ireland, near
Belfast.
S. dispar, Herbst. Allied to the preceding, from which it may be dis-
tinguished in having the seutellum wholly, and not partially, covered with
thick yellowish pubescence, and the elytra plainly pubescent; the base
of the thorax is more strongly sinuate, and the disc of the same is more
even; the sutural angle of the elytra, moreover, is considerably less
strongly produced; this species bears a much closer resemblance to S.
opaca than S. sinuata does ; it may however be easily known by having
the head contracted behind eyes, and also by the shape of the thorax,
which has the anterior margin plainly emarginate, whereas in S. opaca
it is almost truncate ; the sides also are less narrowed in front in the
latter species. L. 10 mm.
In careases, &c. ; rare; Norfolk ; Caernarvon ; Charnwood Forest, Leicestershire ;
Repton, very rare ; Northumberland and Durham district, rare, Prestwich and South
Shields: Scotland, rare, sea coast, and banks of rivers and lakes, under dead fish,
Solway, Forth, and Moray districts (Paisley, Loch Leven, &c.) ; Ireland, neighbour-
hood of Armagh, shores of Lough Neagh (Rev. W. F. Johnson).
(Sub-Gen. Ablattaria, Reitter.)
This genus was formed by Reitter to include S. levigata and one or
two allied species which have been hitherto placed under Phosphuga :
it is one of the most distinct of the sub-genera by reason of its short
stout antennee, stout legs, and smooth elytra, but can hardly be regarded
as a distinct genus ; it differs very widely from S. atrata, with which it
has for so long been classed by many authors.
S. levigata, F. (polita, Sulz.). Oblong oval, convex, deep black,
moderately shining ; head elongate; antenne rather short and _ stout,
with the first joint elongate, and the club very gradual; thorax semi-
circular, thickly and evenly punctured, with posterior angles rounded ;
scutellum pointed behind, thickly punctured ; elytra closely and rather
deeply punctured, without raised lines, with a strong raised margin ; legs
stout, tibiae dilated and produced into a blunt tooth at apex, L. 11-13
mm.
Male with anterior tarsi dilated.
Tn carcases, at roots of grass, crawling on pathways, &c. ; not uncommon especially
near the sea and in chalky districts; Lewisham, Gomshall, Box Hill, Sheerness,
Stlpha.] CLAVICORNIA. 53
Chatham ; Ramsgate ; Herne Bay; Dover; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton ; Isle of
Wight ; Devonshire ; Mawgan, St. Columbs ; Swansea ; Weston-saper-Mare ; Cannock
Chase ; Repton; Northumberland and Durham district, South Shields, Hartlepool &c. ;
not recorded from Scotland.
(Sub.-Gen. Phosphuga, Leach. (Peltis, Reitter nee auct.)
This sub-genus contains one variable European species, which has been
subdivided by some authors into three or four separate species ; it appears,
however, to be best to retain them as varieties ; according to Reitter,
Geoffroy first applied the name of Peltis (in 1762) to Silpha atrata; he
therefore substitutes the name for that of Phosphuga, and revives
Laicharting’s name Ostoma for the genus of Trogositide usually known
as Peltis.
S. atrata, L. Oval or oblong-oval, moderately convex, shining
black ; head elongate, antennz long and slender with the three last joints
forming a rather distinct club ; thorax forming an almost complete semi-
circle, with dise somewhat raised in middle, and depressed at sides,
closely punctured at sides, posterior angles obtusely rounded ; elytra with
strong margins, strongly and rugosely punctured, with the suture and
three lines distinctly elevated into keels, without tubercle behind middle ;
legs slender and elongate. L. 10-11 mm.
In carcases, moss, rotten wood, under dead bark, &c.; common and generally dis-
tributed throughout England and Scotland; apparently represented mostly in Ireland
by the var. subrotundata.
V. brunnea, Herbst. Of a reddish-brown colour and rather small ;
this variety appears to be chiefly found in high districts. L. 9-10 mm.
V. subrotundata, Steph. Larger and more ovate than the type form,
with the elytra considerably more rounded at sides, and often of a
brownish or reddish-brown colour; the centre of the disc of thorax is
more sparingly punctured, and the central raised line is the longest.
L. 11-14 mm.
This variety has been recorded from Glanvilles Wootton, Devonshire, and South
Wales, but appears to be rare in England; in Ireland, however, it is very common in
several localities ; Reitter gives Scotland only as a locality, but has probably made a
mistake between this country and Ireland; 1 have not seen a Scottish specimen, and
Dr. Sharp does not record it from that country.
CHOLEVINA.
This family has been divided by Reitter into three groups, Bathyscie,
Choleve, and Colones; the former of these comprises a large number of
genera and species, the majority of which have been comparatively
lately described ; the other two comprise three or four genera, one or two
of which have been, however, further subdivided by some authors ; the
anterior cox are cylindric-conic, prominent, and contiguous ; according
to Horn they have no trochanter, but this does not appear to be invariably
54 CLAVICORNIA. | Cholevina.
the case; the upper surface is finely pubescent, and the elytraare usually
transversely strigose.
I. 8th joint of antenn distinctly smaller than 7th and 9th;
abdomen with six free ventral segments.
i. Last joint of maxillary palpi as long as the preceding ;
tarsi all 5-jointed; antenne variable, filiform or
, aere & Hol FC a - « « Cuoreyva, Latr.
. Last joint of maxillary palpi short, subulate.
ee Antenne short and stout with gradual club ; tarsi
all 5-jointed; eyeslarge . . : Cators, Payk.
2. Antenne rather long, thickened gradually to apex,
but without club; tarsi 4- 5- 5-jointed; eyes a
smalls sae) : Batuyscia, Schiddte.
IT. 8th joint of antenne not smaller than 7th and 9th;
abdomen with five free segments (sometimes four only
ii female). “<<, <6. oe we ws ct fs eu a the SOLON, Ferbsy.
CHOLEVA, Laitreille.
The genus Choleva, or, as it used to be called, Catops, contains more
than a hundred species, the majority of which are found in Europe and
the adjacent countries ; representatives, however, are known from North
and South America (Caraccas, Chili, &e.), and also from Tasmania, and
it is probable that the genus is very widely distributed ; they are of a
dull black or fuscous, occasionally red-brown colour, and are found
chiefly in the earcases of birds or small animals, or in fungi; a few live
in ants’ nests; they are exceedingly active in their movements and are
in many cases soft and fragile, so that care is required in their preserva-
tion, and they should, if possible, be mounted soon after their capture ;
they may be distinguished from Colon by the small eighth joint of the
antenne, and by their abdomen having six distinct segments instead of
five ; in many points, such as length and stoutness of antennze, pubes-
cence, size, shape, dilatation of tarsi in male, &c., they differ considerably,
and in consequence have been divided into several genera by Thomson
and others; one of these, Catops, Payk, is evidently distinct, but it
seems better to consider the others as at the most sub-genera ; the species
vary considerably in size (from 1 or 13 to 5mm.), and are of an oval or
oblong-oval form, with more or less distinct fine pubescence; the elytra
are, as a rule, very finely sculptured, and, except in the first sub-genus,
the striz, with the exception of the sutural stria, are either entirely
wanting or very obsolete.
The larva of C. fusca is described and figured by Schiédte, I. p. 36, Pl. x., Fig. 1; it
is broad in front and much narrowed behind, pale, with the corneous parts fusecous ;
the head is small, about one-fourth as broad as the prothorax ; the antenne are longer
than the head and have the second joint elongate ; the prothorax is large and ample,
considerably rounded in front, longer than either meso- or metathorax, but of equal
breadth wich these segments; the abdominal segments are all considerably narrower
than the thoracic segments, and gradually decrease in size; the ninth is much
narrower than the eighth, and bears two very long slender cerci; the anal appendage
is cylindrical, longer than the ninth segment; legs long and slender; the dorsal
Choleva. | CLAVICORNIA. 5d
scuta are complete and are covered with minute seta; the larva bears a considerable
resemblance to that of Ziodes.
I. Mesosternum simple without carina; elytra without
cross striation.
i. Intermediate tarsi of male simple; tarsi slender ;
antenne long and slender.
1. Species larger (43-5 mm.) and more elongate ;
posterior femora twice as long as coxe. . . » Sub.-Gen. CHOLEVA, i. sp.
2. Species smaller (13-3 mm.), more or less ovate ;
posterior femora one anda half times as long as
COXM ss 5 sw is es «© «© 5 + es ss & 6SUb-Gen, Naraus, Thoms,
ii. Intermediate tarsi of male with the first joint
dilated; tarsi rather stout; antennae, as a rule,
sensibly or strongly thickeued towards apex. . . Sub.-Gen. ProMapHacts,
Hellw.
II, Mesosternum carinate; elytra with fine cross
striations sy © © = ee > he UwhlUlU mw 6UD.-Gen, NEmADuS, Toms:
(Sub.-Gen. Choleva, i. sp.)
The species belonging to this sub-genus are easily distinguished by their
elongate form, long legs and slender antenne, and large size, as well as
by the more distinct sculpture of the elytra; with regard to the first
three or four species there has been considerable difference of opinion
among various authors, and the question cannot be considered as yet
having been settled finally ; the shape of the thorax in C. angustatu and
its near allies varies considerably in different specimens, but this part
appears never to be widest behind as in C. agilis, whereas C. spadicea is
very distinct by reason of its sculpture and the wide margins of the
thorax ; I have followed Reitter in considering C. angustatu, C. inter-
media, and C. cisteloides as separate species, and in regarding C. Sturmit
as the male or a variety of C. angustata, but I do not feel at all sure
whether it would not be more correct to regard all four species as merely
forms of one variable species, as the distinctions are after all very slight,
and seem to be more or less variable ; for further particulars as to the
group, and in fact as to the whole genus generally, the student is referred
to Andrew Murray’s Monograph of the Genus Catops (Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, July, 1856).
I. Thorax narrower than elytra, broadest at or about
middle.
i. Thorax feebly punctured with margins not strongly
explanate.
1. Pubescence of elytra even without raised hairs at
sides and apex; posterior trochanters of male
moderately produced.
A. Sutural angle of elytra in female produced
into a small sharp tooth; pubescence yellow ;
posterior femora of male not dilated. . . . CO. anausTaTa, F’.
B. Sutural angle of elytra in female simple ;
pubescence of elytra greyish-brown ; posterior
femora of male dilated . . .. . . . . C. cIsTELorpEs, Préhl.
2. Pubescence of elytra uneven at sides and apex,
with rows of raised hairs; posterior trochanters
of male long, gouge-shaped. . . «. » « » » OC. INTERMEDIA, Kraatz.
56 CLAVICORNIA. [ Choleva.
ii. Thorax strongly punctured, with margins rather
brondly explanate. . . . . . +... - « G. SPADIORA, Sturm.
II. Thorax as broad as elytra, broadest at base . . . C. aciuts, ll.
Cc. angustata, IF. Elongate, dark brown, with the head, and
sometimes thorax, dark, antenne long, reddish-testaceous or reddish-
brown ; thorax broader than long, rounded at sides, broadest before
middle, with posterior angles blunt, finely punctured ; elytra long, finely
punctured, with rather distinct striz; in the female the sutural angle
is produced into a small tooth; legs long and slender, ferruginous ;
posterior trochanters of male more or less produced into a point, femora
with a small tooth on the first third. L.5 mm.
In moss, vegetable refuse, &c.3; local, and not as common as C. cisteloides.
Mr. Champion records it as rare in the London district, but it seems to be generall
see i generally
distributed throughout England from the southern to the northern counties ; it is,
perhaps, most common in the Midlands; Mr. Bold records it as less common in the
Northumberland district than C. cistelotdes ; Scotland, rare, Forth district ; Ireland,
near Belfast and Dublin.
C. Sturmi appears to be the male of C. angustata, or a variety of
the male; it only differs in one or two very unimportant particulars,
such as the somewhat more elongate elytra, and the depth of the im-
pressions on the segments of the abdomen; it cannot, however, be in
any way regarded as a separate species ; it has been recorded from the
London district, Mickleham, &., by Mr. Champion and Dr. Power,
from Hampton-in-Arden by Mr, Blatch, and from Repton by Mr. W.
Garneys.
C. cisteloides, Fréhl. This species may be distinguished from
C. angustata by its colour, which is darker, and usually pitchy or pitchy-
black ; the thorax is broadest in the middle and evenly rounded from
the middle towards apex and base ; the antenne are always more or less
darkened towards apex; the posterior trochanters of the male are acumi-
nate and produced into amore or less projecting tooth on their inner
side, and the posterior femora of the male are rather plainly widened,
but without a tooth on their first third ; the sutural angles of the elytra
are not produced as in C. angustata. L. 5mm.
In moss, dead leaves, vegetable refuse, by sweeping, &e. 3 rather common and
generally distributed throughout England and Wales ; Scotland, local, Forth district ;
it is probably common in Ireland.
C. intermedia, Kraatz. This species appears to derive its name
from being intermediate between C. angustata and C. spadicea, being
shorter and broader than the former, and not nearly as robust as the
latter, from which, moreover, it may be distinguished by the sculp-
ture and the form of the margins of thorax ; from C. angustata and
C. cisteloides it may be known by the pubescence of the elytra being
uneven at sides and apex with rows of raised hairs, and by the long,
pointed, gouge-shaped trochanters of. the male; it must, however, be
Choleva.} CLAVICORNIA. uy
admitted that the first of these characters is not easy to distinguish ; in
colour it is more or less fuscous with the elytra and sides of thorax
sometimes lighter; it may also, as a rule, be separated from C. cisteloides
by the shape of the thorax, and from both that species and C. angustata
it may be known by the shape of the elytra, which have the sides dis-
tinctly less parallel and more dilated. L. 5mm.
In moss, dead leaves, &e.; rare; Birch Wood, Claygate, Lee, Shirley, Cowley,
Highgate; Dover; Hastings; Wicken Fen; Knowle, near Birmingham; Lan-
caster.
C. spadicea, Sturm. A rather broad and robust species; head,
thorax, and under surface pitchy black, elytra chestnut brown; in some
specimens the thorax also is more or less brown ; head rather long, with
prominent eyes, antenne long and slender, reddish-testaceous, darker
towards apex; thorax plainly narrower than elytra, broader than long,
with the sides rather strongly rounded, upper surface strongly punctured,
margins broad and explanate, posterior angles obtuse and rounded ; elytra
rounded and dilated at sides, broadest, as a rule, a little behind middle,
with rather distinct striz, and the interstices plainly and rugosely punc-
tured ; legs ferruginous, posterior trochanters gouge-shaped. L. 5mm,
In dead leaves, fungi, &ce.; rare; Highgate (Waterhouse and Power); Bexley,
Surrey (Champion), Coombe Wood (Rye), Shirley, near Croydon, and St. Mary Cray
(Sharp); Bishop’s Wood, Dulwich; Holm Bush, near Brighton (Power); Repton
(W. Garneys) ; Drinkwater Park, Manchester (Reston) ; Lincoln (one specimen taken
in Langworth Wood by myself) ; Scotland, rare, Tay district (Raunoch (Sharp)).
C. agilis, Ill. Shorter, broader, and more convex than C. angustata
and its allied species, and easily distinguished by its short thorax, which
is broadest at or just hefore base; colour variable, lighter or darker
ferruginous brown ; antenne reddish, usually darker towards apex ;
thorax finely punctured, with the lateral margins not raised, about as
broad at base as elytra, with posterior angles obtusely rounded ; elytra
convex, very feebly striate!, closely but rather distinctly punctured ;
legs ferruginous, male with the posterior trochanters armed on the inner
side with a short curved strong pointed tooth, and the middle tibie
bent strongly inwards. L. 43-8 mm.
In dead leaves, moss, haystack refuse, &c.; not uncommon, and rather widely dis-
tributed throughout the southern and midland districts ; less common further north ;
Scotland, rare, Clyde district and Isle of Arran; Ireland, near Belfast,
(Sub.-Gen. Nargus, Thomson.)
This sub-genus contains sixteen European species, of which .three are
British ; they are much smaller and more ovate than the members of the
preceding sub-genus, but by their slender antenne and in other points they
much resemble them; they are easily distinguished from the species
belonging to the other sub-genera.
J. Posterior angles right angles; upper surface dull ;
Sizeturgers Sree, FF eh wa hee Be Att Se SP OC vEbox, Spence,
58 CLAVICORNIA. | Choleva.
II. Posterior angles of thorax blunt or rounded ; size
smaller.
i. Upper surface dull, shagreened or alutaceous be-
CNMI 5 69595 5 5 6 6 5 5S C. WILKINI, Spence.
ii. Upper surface shining, smooth between punctures C. ANISOTOMOIDES, Spence,
C. velox, Spence. Oval, dull, ferruginous-red, with the head brown,
reddish in front, very finely punctured; antenne long and slender,
reddish-testaceous, with the penultimate joints often darker; thorax
transverse, as broad behind as elytra, with sides rounded and narrowed
in front, posterior angles right angles, pointed a little inwards, very finely
punctured ; elytra scarcely widened in middle, very thickly and finely
punctured, with very indistinct striz ; legs ferruginous, anterior tibize
somewhat widened at apex. L. 23-3 mm.
In dead leaves, haystack refuse, carcases, &c.; common and generally distributed
throughout the greater part of England; Scotland, not uncommon, Tweed, Solway,
Forth and Clyde districts; I have seen no record from Ireland, but it is probably
common in that country.
C. Wilkini, Spence (precox, Er.). Much smaller than the pre-
ceding, and of an oblong-oval shape, gradually narrowed behind, and
with the elytra considerably narrower in proportion ; colour reddish or
brownish ; antenne not as long proportionally as in C. velow; thorax
transverse, slightly broader than elytra, very finely punctured, with
posterior angles obtuse; elytra rather narrow and almost truncate at
extreme apex, with the punctuation fine, but more distinct than on
thorax, with obsolete or very feeble strize; legs reddish, anterior tibize
slightly widened towards apex. L. 2-2} mm.
In dead leaves, moss, haystack refuse, &c.; nut as common as C. velox, but very
generally distributed throughout England ; Scotland, not common, Solway and Forth
districts ; it has been taken in Darenth Wood in company with Formica fuliginosa.
C. anisotomoides, Spence. This species is very easily distin-
guished from the preceding by its more shining appearance, and short
oval form; it is very convex, of a ferruginous brown colour, which is
somewhat variable ; antenne rather long and slender; thorax transverse,
as broad at base as base of elytra, very thickly punctured, posterior angles
obtuse ; elytra oval, convex, with the striae, except the usual sutural
stria, quite obsolete, somewhat distinctly punctured, with the spaces
between the punctures smooth ; legs reddish. L. 13-2 mm.
In moss, dead leaves, &c.; not uncommon, but local; London district, generally
distributed ; Essex; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Exeter; Bristol; Knowle, near
Birmingham ; Stratford-on-Avon; Hunstanton, Norfolk; Northumberland district,
not uncommon; Scotland, local, in moss, Tweed and Forth districts,
(Sub-Gen. Ptomaphagus, Hellwig.)
The species belonging to this sub-genus are characterized by having
the first joint of the intermediate tarsi of the male dilated and by the
Choleva. | CLAVIVORNIA. 59
fact that the antennz are in almost all cases distirictly thickened towards
apex; the genus Catopomorphus, of which there is no British repre-
sentative, forms a connecting link between this and the preceding
sub-genus ; the species belonging to this last-named genus are dis-
tinguished by the very long last joint of the antennze and ‘by their being
always found in ants’-nests. The name Ptomaphagus has been by many
authors applied to C. sertceus and C. varicornis, while the name Catops
has been retained for the species belonging to the present sub-genus ;
as, however, the type species of Catops described by Paykull appears to
have been C. sericeus, it appears more correct to confine the name of
Catops to the species with truncate elytra.
The species belonging to the sub-genus Ptomaphagus are, in many
cases, extremely hard to determine with certainty ; this is more espe-
cially the case with C, tristis and its allies, which appear as a rule to be
mixed in collections ; the differences in one or two cases are so slight,
that it is doubtful whether all the species can really be considered as
distinet ; in fact Murray regards C. longula, C. grandicollis, and C.
rotundicollis (= Kirbyz), and the two continental species C. abduminalis
and C, montivaga as all varieties of C. tristis.
I. Thorax more or less distinctly narrowed before base.
i. Pubescence greyish or yellowish; antennz rather
long, slender, or more or less distinctly thickened
towards apex.
1. Thorax with sides rounded completely to base,
not sinuate before posterior angles.
A. Antenne long and slender, only slightly
thickened towards apex, with sixth joint al-
ways longer than broad in male, sometimes
as Jong as broad in female; size larger (4-
5 mm).
a. Colour fuscous-brown ; posterior angles of
thorax searcely projecting : . C. Fusca, Panz.
b. Colour black ; posterior angles of thorax
distinctly projecting > . C. NIGRICANS, Spence.
B. Antenne moderate, distinctly, butnot strongly
thickened, with sixth joint about as long as
broad in male, sometimes transverse in female.
a. Antenne with joints 6-8 of se equal
length, feebly transverse . . . C. Loneuta, Kell,
b. Antenne with eighth joint half as long as
sixth, strongly transverse.
a*, Last joint of antenne as broad as penul-
timate; thorax not quite as broad as
elytra.
af. Elytra shorter ; antenne ferruginous
with darker club. . . C. coracina, Kell,
b+ Elytra longer ; antenns dark with first
two and last joints reddish yellow . . C. Morto, F,
b*, Last joint of antennz narrower than
penultimate ; thorax aE a as broad
as elytra : . . » CO. GRANDICOLLIS, Lr.
60 CLAVICORNIA. . [ Choleva.
2. Thorax slightly sinuate before the posterior
angles which are usually projecting.
A, Sixth joint of antenne always longer than
broad in male, sometimes as long as broad in
female; apical joint of antenue usually (but
not always) lighter than the rest of the club . C. ni@Rira, Er.
B. Sixth joint of antennx always as long as broad
in male, sometimes transverse in female;
club of antennz usually unicolorous.
a. Thorax less narrowed behind, with sculpture
finer p< he “eel do.) tee wade LY Sapp PRISTIC Pence
b. Thorax more narrowed behind, with sculp-
ture stronger Gee NOn amr cl Gisele nee
ii. Pubescence blackish or grizzly ; antenne short,
strongly thickened ; size rather large (4-43 mm.) . C. CHRYSOMELOIDES, Pung.
IJ. Thorax not narrowed before base, almost semicir-
cular ; antenne short and plainly thickened.
i. Club of antennz narrow; thorax fully as broad as
elytra, with somewhat projecting posterior angles. C. FUMATA, Spence.
ii. Club of antennz broader; thorax hardly as broad
as elytra with posterior angles right angles . . . C. WaTsont, Spence.
C. Kirpyi, Spence.
©. fusca, Panz. Rather a large and broad species, oval, convex, of
a dark brown fuscous colour, with the head and the thorax, except
margins, darker or even black ; the colour, however, is somewhat variable ;
head and thorax very closely punctured, with yellowish pubescence ;
antennz long, feebly thickened towards apex, ferruginous; thorax broadest
behind middle, much broader than long at base, posterior angles right
angles, slightly projecting; elytra convex, rather broad, widened in
middle, considerably narrowed to apex, very obsoletely striated, thickly
punctured ; legs reddish. L. 4-45 mm.
In dead leaves, garden and haystack refuse, carcases, &c.; generally distributed
throughout England but never abundant; Scotland, in outhouses, not* common,
Tweed, Solway, Forth, and Clyde districts; Ireland, Portmarnock, &c.; Mr. Bold
says that nearly all his specimens from the Northumberland district were found in
cellars,
C. nigricans, Spence. (caliginosus, Steph., flavicornis, Thoms. (?)
soror, Newm.). Very like the preceding in size and general appearance,
but easily distinguished by its darker colour and by the antenne being
almost always dark with the base reddish, as well as by the more evi-
dently projecting posterior angles of the thorax ; thorax with the greatest
width in the middle, very thickly and finely punctured, almost always
with two or three more or less obsolete depressions on disc ; elytra oval,
convex, thickly and finely punctured, with the striz a little more
evident than in C. fusca ; legs reddish-brown, femora blackish. lL, 4—
45 mm.
In dead leaves, moss, haystack refuse, &e.; generally distributed throughout
England, but never very common; Mr. Bold is inclined to refer his Northumberland
specimens to Thomson’s C. flavicornis, but they probably belong to the variety of
C. nigricans with unicolorous reddish antenna, which sometimes occurs ; Scotland,
not common, Solway and Forth districts.
Choleva. | CLAVICORNITA. 61
C. longipennis, Chaud., appears to be a variety of this species; it
has the elytra more convex and dilated and the striz of the elytra more
feebly marked; Erichson’s C. fuliginosus is also referred by many
authorities to C, nigricans, but there seems to be some doubt regarding
the matter.
Cc. longula, Kell. (pilicornis, Thoms.). Elongate, black, oval ;
antennee as long as head and thorax, rather robust with the basal joints
and the terminal joint, at least at apex, reddish testaceous, joints 6-8
of nearly equal length; thorax thickly punctured, clothed with
yellowish-grey pubescence, with sides rounded, and narrowed in front
and behind, posterior angles right angles; elytra long, indistinctly
striated, finely pubescent, appearing, like many of the allied species, to
be covered with a kind of bluish bloom; legs blackish-brown or ferru-
ginous, tarsi hghter. L. 4-42 mm.
Under moss, in fungi, dead birds, &e.; rare; Manchester district; Ripon (Water-
house) ; Manchester district; Hartlepool; Wallington, Northumberland; Scotland,
rare, Forth and Solway districts; Ireland near Waterford (Power).
Murray regards this species as a variety of C. tristis ; it differs, how-
ever, considerably in shape, and in having the club of the antenne less
distinct ; it appears to be identical with C. pilicornis, Thoms.
C. coracina, Kell. A rather small, black species, which may be
distinguished from all the succeeding species except C. morto, by having
the last joint of the antennze as broad as the penultimate, and from the
latter species by its smaller size, shorter elytra, and unicolorous club of
the antenne ; head and thorax thickly and finely punctured, with fine
short yellowish pubescence, the latter almost as broad as elytra, broadest
in middle, with the posterior angles right angles, not projecting, and
appearing at first sight obtuse; elytra short oval, without yellow
pubescence at base of elytra, but with the usual ashen-grey or bluish
bloom, thickly punctured, indistinctly striated; legs pitchy-red. L.
3-35 mm.
The male has a small prominence on the under side of the anterior
femora.
- In dead animals, &c.; rare in England; Shirley near Croydon ; Esher; Bewdley;
Coleshill ; Knowle ; Needwood near Burton-on-Trent ; Ripon (Waterhouse) ; North-
umberland district, ‘near Wooler, very rare;’’ Scotland, not uncommon, Solway,
Forth, Dee, Moray, and Shetland districts.
C. morio, F. This species may be recognized by its rather long
oblong-oval shape, obtuse posterior angles of thorax, and the colour of
the antennz, which, as a rule, have the first two joints ferruginous, and
the rest, with the exception of the last, blackish ; the last joint is yellow ;
rarely however the whole antenne are ferruginous, and this fact, as in
other species, sometimes gives rise to confusion; the general colour is
black with yellowish grey pubescence on the thorax, and an ashy-grey
bloom on the elytra; head and thorax thickly and finely punctured, the
62 CLAVICORNIA, [ Choleva.
latter rather depressed with sides gently rounded; elytra rather long,
more distinctly sculptured than thorax, with scarcely a trace of strie,
with the sides subparallel, evenly and slightly rounded ; legs ferruginous
red, with the femora, or at all events the posterior ones darker.
L. 33-3? mm.
In haystack refuse, dead birds, fungi, &c. ; not common although somewhat widely
distributed ; London district, rather rare, Sheerness, Chatham, Lee, Shirley, Caterham,
Barnes, Coombe Wood, Ashstead; Bewdley; Coleshill; Sutton Park; Alcester ;
Sherwood ; Repton; Liverpool and Manchester district; Northumberland district,
rare, in moss, in shady woods, Wallington (Power); Scotland, rare, Solway, Tweed,
and Clyde districts; Ireland, Portmarnock, &c.
C. grandicollis, Er. This species bears some resemblance to C. tristis,
and by one or two authors has been considered to be a variety of that
species ; it is however easily distinguished by its broader and more ovate
form, and especially by its large and ample thorax, which is fully as
broad as elytra, or even broader in the middle than the elytra at base ;
the colour is blackish or blackish-brown ; head and thorax thickly
punctured, covered with distinct yellowish pubescence ; antennz mode-
rately long, gradually thickened, reddish, darker towards apex; thorax
very transverse, with sides strongly rounded, posterior angles obtuse ;
elytra ovate, broad, convex, thickly sculptured, with a purplish-grey
bloom, and yellowish pubescence along the base, which is not very distinct
in many cases; legs ferruginous with femora, at all events the posterior
ones, darker. L. 385-4 mm.
In carcases, haystack refuse, vegetable and flood rubbish, &c.; local, but rather
widely distributed throughout England and the greater part of Scotland; Ireland,
near Waterford, and probably generally distributed.
Cc. nigrita, Er. (afinis, Steph.). Oblong-oval, black; antennz
with joints 1-6 ferruginous, and the rest brown, except the last, which is
yellowish-red, but sometimes, especially in dried specimens, appears to
be unicolorous with the penultimate joints ; thorax hardly half as broad
again as long, slightly variable, but as a rule broadest in middle, with
posterior angles either slightly pointed, or right angles, or even somewhat
obtuse,* clothed with yellowish pubescence ; elytra finely punctured, with
yellowish pubescence at base, and a purplish bloom on the rest of their
surface; legs ferruginous, posterior femora sometimes darker. L.
3-4 mm.
In moss, fungi, carcases, &c.; occasionally by sweeping ; not uncommon and widely
distributed throughout England ; recorded by Bold as not uncommon in the North-
umberland district beneath dead birds, &c.; it is however scarce in Scotland, and has
been found in the Forth district only ; it is probably not uncommon in Ireland.
This species is very closely allied to C. tristis, but has the antenne
* This point is discussed by Murray, Monograph of the genus Catops, page 35, note;
it is the variability in points that are regarded as distinguishing characters that causes
the confusion in this group of the genus.
Choleva. | CLAVICORNIA. 63
longer and thinner and the club not well defined, whereas in this latter
species the club is short, thick and well marked.
C. tristis, Panz. Very closely resembling the preceding in size and
form and apparently often mixed with it in collections; black or brown-
ish ; antenne shorter and with more abrupt club than in C. nigrita, with
the first five or six joints reddish, and the apical joints more or less
fuscous, the last often reddish ; thorax not as broad as in the preceding
species, especially behind, and more transverse, broadest in or a little
before middle, posterior angles sharp right-angles; elytra thickly punc-
tured, with very feeble traces of striz, and with the usual purplish
bloom, and a yellowish pubescence at base ; in all cases this pubescence
must be observed in fresh specimens ; legs ferruginous or reddish-brown,
femora darker, and tarsi, as in many other species, often lighter.
L. 31-4 mm.
In moss, haystack refuse, decaying vegetable matter, carcases, &c. ; often by swecp-
ing; generally distributed and common throughout the kingdom.
C. Kirbyi, Spence (rotundicollis, Kell.). This species is given by
Murray (1. c. p. 43) as a variety of C. tristis, but he says that it is not
without hesitation that he removes it from the list of distinct species,
and he adds, ‘‘ The characters, however, which distinguish it being all
variations in degree, and at times approaching more or less to the type of
tristis, I have come to look upon it as a variety of that species. It is well
known that carcass-feeding beetles are always more subject to variation
than others, owing to the chance of the food of the larve becoming
exhausted before they are full fed. This species may be a starved
variety.” These remarks are well worthy of note in considering allied
species of Necrophaga, whether we hold Murray’s view regarding this
particular species or not, as a diminution of food must affect the size,
and also the development of the chitin, which might cause some altera-
tion in the shape of thorax, &c.; C. Kirbyi is smaller than C- tristés, and
has the sides of the thorax much more strongly inflexed before base and
so more rounded and dilated in front; the sculpture of the thorax is also
more strongly marked, a character which seems to preclude its being
considered a starved variety ; the antenne are not so much thickened,
and the elytra are shorter and more ovate. L. 3-35 mm.
In decaying animal and vegetable matter; local, but not uncommon; London dis-
trict, occasionally in profusion and apparently generally distributed throughout
Exgland ; Scotland, local, Solway, Forth, and Dee districts; it is probably widely
distributed in Ireland.
C. chrysomeloides, Panz. This species may very easily be dis-
tinguished by its large size taken in conjunction with its short stout
antenne ; the pubescence also is blackish or of a grizzly grey colour, and
is rather thick and distinct ; form ovate, convex, colour deep brown or
black ; antenne shorter than head and thorax with a strong and abrupt
64 CLAVICORNIA. [ Choleva.
black or dark brown club, basal joints red ; thorax very transverse, with
the sides plainly rounded, narrowed in front and behind, posterior angles
sharp right angles, somewhat projecting; elytra finely and_ thickly
punctured, with indistinct strie, and with an ashy-grey bloom; legs
ferruginous, femora often darker. L. 4-45 mm.
In dead birds and animals, decaying fungi, &e.; generally distributed throughout
the greater part of England, and occasionally taken in numbers, but rarer in the north
than in the south and midland districts ; Northumberland district not common (Bold);
Scotland, not common, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Dee and Moray districts.
Cc. fumata, Spence (scitulus, Er.). Oblong oval, of a deep pitchy-
brown colour, sometimes almost black; antenne short and thick, but
with the club not broad, usually unicolorous reddish, and joints 4-5 hardly
transverse ; thorax almost semicircular, forming a continuous or almost
continuous line with elytra, not narrowed at base, very transverse, thickly
and finely punctured, with distinct greyish pubescence, posterior angles
sharp and somewhat projecting ; elytra oval, thickly punctured, without
trace of striz; legs ferruginous. L. 3 mm.
In dead birds and animals, haystack refuse, &c.; rather common and generally
distributed throughoat the country. I once took it in great profusion by shaking a
hedgehog hung up by a keeper in Seal Wood, near Burton-on-Trent; it iscommon in
Scotland, but Bold records only one specimen from the Northumberland district ; he
has probably confused this and the next species.
C. Watsoni, Spence (agilis, F., fumatus, Er., nec Spence). Very
hike the preceding, and rather hard to distinguish from it ; in fact, it has
by many authors been regarded as only a variety; the club of the
antenne, however, is broader, with joints 4—6 transverse, and is, usually,
of a darker colour, and the posterior angles of the thorax are right angles,
and are not, or scarcely, projecting ; the differences, however, as a matter
of fact are very slight, and it would perhaps be the best course to unite the
two species, which are very distinct from any that we possess ; they most
closely resemble © sericeus, at first sight, but are, of course, easily
distinguished by the elytra not being truncate at apex. L. 3 mm.
In dead animals, &e.; often by sweeping ; not uncommon and generally distributed
throughout the greater part of England. Bold records it as very abundant in moss,
dead leaves, &c., in the Northumberland district. Scotland, not common, Solway,
Forth, and Dee districts. Bold’s record, as above mentioned, may be in error.
(Sub-Gen. Nemadus, Thomson.)
This sub-genus only contains one very rare British species, which is
distinguished from all the preceding species by having the mesosternum
carinate and the elytra finely but distinctly cross-striated, and from
Catops, which it resembles in these particulars, by the fine mesosternal
carina, the dilatation of the first joint of the intermediate tarsi of
the male, and the fact that the apex of the elytra is rounded and not
truncate.
Choleva. | CLAVICORNIA. 65
©. colonoides, Kraatz. Oblong ovate, head and thorax blackish-
brown, elytra dark-brown, lighter towards apex, clothed with distinct
silky pubescence ; antennae about as long as head and thorax, gradually
and very slightly thickened towards apex (a point that will at once dis-
tinguish it from any species-of Colon, some of which it much resembles) ;
thorax about a fourth broader than long, with sides moderately rounded,
extremely thickly and finely granulated, posterior angles sharp, projecting
backwards; elytra gradually narrowed to apex, finely strigose trans-
versely, not truncate ; legs ferruginous-brown ; under-side blackish-brown,
with the margins of each segment lighter. L. 13-12 mm.
Very rare ; first taken by Dr. Power, at the end of March, 1861, at the Holt Forest,
Hampshire, from the débris of fern, in an old hovel ; it has also been taken by Mr.
Champion at Ashtead, Surrey, in ‘rotten wood mould of decaying oaks,” and by
Mr. Waterhouse, near Ripon ; it has occurred, too, in the New Forest ; according to
Kraatz it is taken near Berlin, in loose sand at the foot of old oak-trees, and is
frequent on moors: Reitter says that it occurs in north and Mid-Europe in nests of
Formica cunicularia.
CATOPS, Paykull.
This genus contains six European species, of which two are found in
Britain ; one of these is common, the other is extremely rare; they are
distinguished from the members of the genus Choleva by their truncate
elytra and the very short and subulate last joint of the maxillary palpi;
as mentioned above, Paykull’s type on which he described the genus
Catops appears to have been C. seviceus, and it is perhaps better therefore
to adopt this name, although many authors have included the species
under the genus Pfomaphagus.
I. Antenne less thickened, club entirely black ; first joint
of posterior tarsi as long as the next two together . . C. sSERICEUS, F.
II. Antennz shorter and thicker, club reddish-yellow at
apex ; first joint of posterior tarsi as long as the next
threetiogethers 3 20. 5 2 6 6 SS hs 3s 1s ) CH VARICORNIS) Hosenh,
Cc. sericeus, F. (truncatus, Gyll.). Oblong-oval, of a dark pitchy-
black or blackish-brown colour, clothed with very distinct silky pubescence ;
head large, antenne short and stout, dark with reddish base, plainly
thickened ; thorax a little broader than long, fully as broad at base as
elytra, and often more darkly coloured, finely wrinkled transversely,
posterior angles pointed, projecting backwards ; elytra gradually becoming
narrower from base to apex, with apex broadly truncate, more or less
distinctly strigose transversely; legs dark ferruginous-brown, femora
often darker ; size very variable. L. 2-3 mm.
In moss, decaying seaweed, haystack and vegetable refuse, small carcases, &c. ;
common, and generally distributed throughout the kingdom.
C. varicornis, Rosenh. Closely allied to the preceding, but easily
distinguished by the antenne, which are shorter and thicker, and are
ferruginous at apex as well as base, and by the long first joint of the
VOL. II. F
6 CLAVICORNIA. [ Catops.
for)
posterior tarsi which equals in length the three following taken together ;
the elytra also are more rounded and are not so strongly truncate ; the
average size also is somewhat larger. L. 23-35 mm.
In moss, leaves at the foot of trees, flood refuse, &c.; very rare ; Richmond
(Guyon) ; Folkestone (Power); it has also been recorded from Staffordshire and
from Sherwood Forest.
COLON, Herbst.
The species belonging to this genus very closely resemble some of the
small species of Choleva, but may at once be distinguished by not having
the eighth joint of the antenne smaller than the seventh ; the antenne are
short and are terminated by a distinct 5-jointed club, and the tarsi are
all 5-jointed ; according to the Munich catalogue there are twenty-nine
species, but the number has been somewhat modified since the date of its
publication ; they are chiefly confined to Europe, but representatives have
been recorded from Northern Asia and Alaska; in all probability the
species are much more numerous than they are supposed to be, but they
are, as a rule, extremely rare, and very difficult to determine, as they are
exceedingly alike, and their specific distinction often rests with the male ;
owing to their rarity very little is known about their habits; they are
usually taken by evening sweeping in early summer, and from one or
two captures that have been made it is quite possible that they might be
found in larger numbers on open and seemingly barren spots on the sides
of hills, &c., where the collector would not, as a rule, think of searching
for them. The following table of the species is more or less a provisional
one, as many of them require very careful study and comparison with
other species before they can be determined with any accuracy.
This genus may be divided into two sub-genera as follows :—
I. Anterior tarsi simple in both sexes - CoLon, i. sp.
II. Anterior tarsi moderately dilated in female, more
strongly dilatedin male. . . . .... . =. . Mytacuvs, Laér.
(Sub-Gen. Colon, 1. sp.).
I. Form longer oval : thorax scarcely broader at base than
elytra; elytra with rather distinct traces of striae ; pos-
terior femora of male without tooth . . . . . .
II. Form shorter oval; thorax ample, plainly broader at
base than elytra; elytra with only slight traces of
striz.
i. Thorax less strongly punctured ; eighth joint of an-
tennee considerably smaller than ninth; posterior
femora of male with a very small tooth Aa Sc
ii. Thorax more strongly punctured; eighth joint of
antennz only slightly smaller than ninth; posterior
femora of male with a strong sharp tooth . . . . OC. PUNCTICOLLE, Kr.
C. VIENNENSE, Herbst.
C. SERRIPES, Sahib.
C. viennense, Herbst. Oblong, rather long and narrow, of a
brownish or reddish-brown colour, with rather close yellowish pubescence ;
antenne reddish-brown, with club usually darker ; thorax almost as long
Colon. ] CLAVICORNIA. 67
as broad, very closely, but distinctly punctured, posterior angles obtusely
rounded ; elytra about as broad at base as thorax, very closely and not
very finely punctured, with distinct traces of fine strize in front; legs
reddish-brown. L. 23-3 mm.
Male with the posterior tibia somewhat curved, and the posterior
femora without tooth before apex, but somewhat widened and terminating
in a sharp angle at apex.
By evening sweeping in early summer; rare ; Lee, Chatham, Darenth Wood, Birch
Wood, Peckham, Caterham (Champion, Walker, and Power); Chobham and Bromley
(Saunders); New Forest ; Ilfracombe (Saunders) ; Scotland, very rare, Solway district,
banks of Nith in flood refuse.
C. serripes, Sahlb. (2 fusculum, Er., 3 simplex, Thoms.). Oval,
convex, fuscous, a little shining, clothed with yellowish pubescence, very
closely punctured; antennz reddish-brown, with club darker ; thorax
shorter, broader, and more ample than in the preceding species, broader
at base than elytra, with the posterior angles obtuse or rounded; elytra
very finely and closely punctured, with traces of striw usually visible in
front ; legs ferruginous. L. 15-2 mm.
Male with the posterior femora furnished behind middle with a very
small and sometimes obsolete tooth ; they appear also to be often very
finely crenulated on their under-side.
By evening sweeping ; rare; Maidstone (Gorham) ; Lee (Kent); Hammersmith
Marshes (Sharp) ; The Holt, Farnham (Power); Wicken Fen; Scotland, rare; Solway
and Clyde districts, banks of Nith in flood refuse, &c.
Cc. puncticolle, Kr. (2 dentipes, Er., nec Sahlb.). This species is
exceedingly closely allied to the preceding, and is considered by some
authors as merely a variety ; it appears, however, to be quite distinct by
reason of its more coarsely punctured thorax, and by the larger size of
the eighth joint of the antenne, as well as by the fact that the posterior
femora of the male are armed with a rather strong sharp tooth ; it is also
a little larger than C. serripes. L. 1$-23 mm.
Very rare ; I only know of three specimens which are in Dr. Sharp’s collection, one
without locality, and two others from Eccles, Thornhill, near Dumfries, which are
somewhat doubtfully referred to this species.
(Sub-Gen. Myleechus, Laircille.)
I. Thorax longer, a little less long than broad.
i, Anterior tibie of male straight ; posterior femora
with a more or less distinct small sharp tooth
before apex.
1. Thorax considerably more strongly punctured
than elytra, only slightly narrowed in front . C. ANGULARE, Zr.
2. Thorax only a little more strongly punctured
than elytra, strongly narrowed in front . . OC, microps, Czwal.
ii. Anterior tibiz of male curved ; posterior femora
SHiUISs Lo. cpt sO 86 dead | Oso hon go ee
II. Thorax shorter, distinctly broader than long.
i. Size smaller ; form more elongate ; anterior tibic
F 2
C. RUFESCENS, Kr.
63 CLAVICORNIA. [ Colon.
of male straight; thorax not or scarcely broader
than elytra.
1. Thorax evidently more strongly punctured
than elytra.
A. Anterior margin of clypeus straight in male;
posterior femora of male with a very long
slender curved tooth before apex . . . . C. Dunriess, Sahib.,v. Zebei,
Kr., v. Barnevillei, Kr.
B. Auterior margin of clypeus with a slight
emargination in male; posterior femora of
male with a small tooth before apex . . C. BRUNNEUM, Latr.
2. Thorax not more strongly punctured than
elytra.
A. Posterior femora of male with a long
straight spinose tooth before apex, termi-
nating in a tuft of hairs.
a. Size larger; colour darker ; elytra with
traces ae striae nen . C. APPENDICULATUM, Sahlb.
b. Size smaller ; colour lighter ; : “elytra
without traces of striae . .. . . C, cALCARATUM, Zr.
B. Posterior femora of male with a very small
tooth before apex; elytra with traces of
Strioe oe ee eae ee ce eee O- DENTICULATUMA AG:
ii. Size larger; form broader; anterior tibie of
male curved; thorax evidently broader than
elytra ; posterior femora simple in both sexes. . C. LATUM, Ay.
C. angulare, Er. Oblong-oval, somewhat narrowed behind,
blackish-brown or dark-brown, with yellowish pubescence ; antenne fer
ruginous, lighter at base and apex, club with the apex obtusely pointed ;
thorax about as broad at base as elytra, almost as long as broad, with the
posterior angles right angles or somewhat acute, very closely and somc-
what deeply punctured ; elytra distinctly aud somewhat rugosely punc-
tured ; legs ferruginous. L. 2-25 mm.
Male with the posterior femora furnished with a very small sharp
tooth in the middle, apical angle pointed and slightly projecting.
By evening sweeping; it has also once been found on a wall; very rare; Forest
Hill (Marsh) ; Caterham, Peckham, Mickleham (Sharp and others); Stretford, near
Manchester (Reston) ; Scotland, very rare, Solway and ay districts, banks of Nith
in flood refuse (Sharp), and Braemar.
Small examples of this species appear to be the C. rectangulum,
Chaud.
C. microps, Czwal. This species differs from the preceding in
having the thorax less strongly punctured, and strongly narrowed from
posterior third to apex ; the thorax, also, is narrower at base, being
hardly as broad as the elytra. L. 2} mm.
The sole locality for this species, which was described by Czwalina in 1881, is given
as England, and Reitter treats it as a good species, resting ona female in Kraatz’s
collection trom England; the male appears to be unknown.
©. rufescens, Kraatz. Rather long-oval, of a reddish or brownish-
red colour, with the antenne and legs lighter ; thorax as broad as elytra,
‘ulon. | CLAVICORNIA, 69
and much more strongly punctured, nearly as long as broad, with
posterior angles almost right angles ; elytra finely but distinctly punctured.
L. 2 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie curved and the posterior femora simple ;
concerning the latter point, however, there seems to be some doubt, as
some authors say that the posterior femora are furnished with a small
straight tooth before apex.
By evening sweeping; very rare; Caterham (Champion, two specimens); in
Dr. Sharp’s collection there is a male without locality from Crotch.
C. dentipes, Sahlb. ( ¢ spinzpes, Hal.). Oblong-oval, moderately
convex, brown, with silky, greyish-yellow pubescence ; antenne short
and stout, reddish-brown ; thorax as broad as elytra, much broader than
long, about twice as strongly punctured as elytra, not strongly contracted
in front, with the posterior angles obtuse ; elytra rather finely and closely
punctured, without trace of dorsal striz ; legs reddish. L. 2-25 mm.
Male with the posterior femora armed behind middle with a very long
thin spinose tooth which is a little eurved.
By evening sweeping, during early summer; very rare; Darenth Wood and
Caterham (Champion) ; Esher (Power); Ilfracombe (Saunders); Ripon (Waterhouse) ;
Bewdley, Knowle, and Church Stretton (Blatch); Northumberland district, a fine
male, by sweeping low herbage in a wood on the Irthing; Scotland, Balmuto,
Fifeshire (Power) ; Ireland, near Dublin (Power).
V. Zebei, Kr. This variety differs from the type form in being on
an average larger, and in having the thorax more strongly punctured ; it
is by many authors considered a separate species. L. 2-3 mm,
By evening sweeping, during early summer; very rare; Chatham (Walker);
Mickleham and Caterham (Champion); Birch Wood and Claygate Lane, Esher
(Power); Tonbridge Wells (Saunders) ; Ilfracombe (Saunders); Scotland, Balmuto,
Fifeshire (Power).
V. Barnevillei. This variety appears to be punctured about as strongly
as the type form, but to have the punctuation somewhat rugose; it is
described as “much resembling C. Zebei,” but smaller, with the antennze
always entirely testaceous, the thorax darker than the elytra, which are
more strongly punctured, and the shorter and less regularly curved hind
femoral spine of male ; these characters, however, are somewhat variable,
and Mr. Rye (Ent. Mo. Mag. x1. 177) comes to the conclusion that the
British examples taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Studley, near Ripon, and
by Mr. Champion, at Caterham (and returned to him by M. Tournier as
C. Barneville’) are only undeveloped specimens of OQ. Zebei.
Cc. brunneum, Latr. Short-oval, rather convex, lightersor darker
brown, with yellowish, somewhat golden, pubescence ; antennz ferru-
ginous or ferruginous-red with the club, except the last jomt, darker ;
thorax about one and a quarter times as broad as long, narrowed in
front, and very slightly, sometimes almost imperceptibly, contracted
before base, with posterior angles nearly right angles or slightly obtuse,
rather finely and closely punctured; elytra a little narrowed towards
70 CLAVICORNIA. [ Colon.
apex, more finely punctured than thorax, without traces of dorsal striae,
but appearing in certain lights somewhat transversely wrinkled ; legs
brownish-red, L. 13-2} mm.
Male with the anterior margin of the clypeus slightly emarginate in
middle, and the posterior femora furnished behind middle with a small
tooth.
By sweeping in the evening, and occasionally by beating ; very widely distributed
and sometimes not uncommon; London district generally distributed ; Esher, Shirley,
Forest Hill, Caterham, Ashtead, Dorking, Sevenoaks, Darenth, Chatham, &c.; Herne
Bay; Wrabness, Essex; Glanvilles Wootton ; Knowle; Portishead; North Wales;
Repton; Northumberland district; Scotland, not rare, Solway, Tweed, Forth,
Moray, and Clyde districts ; Ireland, Co. Wicklow.
This species seems to be very variable in size and colour, and many
mistakes have been made in consequence ; it is by far the commonest
species of the genus.
C- appendiculatum, Sahlb. Oblong-ovate, slightly convex, fus-
cous, clothed with fine silky greyish-yellow pubescence; antenne
ferruginous with a rather strong club, which is darker except at apex ;
thorax transverse, not broader than elytra, very closely and _ finely
punctured, with the posterior angles nearly right angles; elytra a little
narrowed towards apex, very thickly and finely punctured, with traces
of fine strice towards base; legs ferruginous. L. 2-3 mm.
Male with the posterior tibie curved, and the posterior femora
armed with a long spinose tooth, furnished at apex with a tuft of
hairs.
By evening sweeping; very rare; Reigate (Brewer); Birch Wood (Power) ;
Scotland, very rare, Solway district, banks of Nith (Sharp).
C. calearatum, [r.(? pygmeum, Er.). This species is allied to
the preceding, but may be distinguished by its smaller size and lighter
colour, and also by the fact that the elytra present no traces of dorsal
strie ; in the male the posterior margin of the thorax is not emarginate
near the posterior angles, whereas in the preceding species there is a
slight emargination ; the posterior femora of the male are armed with a
long spinose tooth as in the allied species. L. 14-2 mm.
Very little appears to be known regarding this species as British ; it was, I believe,
taken by Haliday, and there is a doubtful specimen in Dr. Sharp’s collection from
Eccles, Thornhill, near Dumfries.
©. denticulatum, Kr. This species is closely allied to the two
preceding , species, and appears to be intermediate between them as
regards size; the colour is usually dark brown; the distinguishing
character is found in the male, in which sex the posterior femora are
furnished with a small pointed straight tooth, instead of with a long
spinose tooth as in the other two species. L. 1}-2} mm.
By evening sweeping ; very rare; Hythe (Rye); Darenth Wood (Power) ; Scotland,
Tweed district, Cheviots (Sharp).
Colon. | CLAVICORNIA. UL
Cc. latum, Kr. One of the most distinct species of the genus, and
easily known by its short and broad oval form, and very large ample
thorax, which is plainly broader than the elytra, and has the sides
dilated behind middle, and the posterior angles somewhat prominent ;
colour fuscous or fuscous-brown; punctuation fine and even; elytra
narrowed behind with very fine transverse striz ; legs ferruginous, tibise
dilated towards apex and denticulate externally ; posterior femora simple
in both sexes. L. 25-3 mm.
By evening sweeping; very rare; Shirley near Croydon (Janson) ; Shiere, near
Guildford (Capron) ; The Holt, Farnham (Power); Bishops Wood (Sharp); Green-
hithe (Waterhouse) ; Eastham, near Liverpool (Ellis) ; Scotland, very rare, Clyde
district (Sharp).
BATHYSCIA, Schiddte (Adelops, auct.).
Our single species of Bathyscia is the sole British representative of a
group which is one of considerable extent, both as regards species and
genera; the members of the group are to a great extent cave-frequenting
insects, and have the eyes either rudimentary or entirely wanting, as is
the case with so many other of the vertebrates and invertebrates that
inhabit like localities; it is quite possible that more species will be
found in Britain, but our bone caves that have hitherto been discovered,
are not of very great extent, and researches made in them by Mr.
Matthews and Mr. Crotch for the purpose of discovering new Coleoptera,
have proved fruitless ; considering, however, that nearly one hundred
species of Bathyscia have already been described from Europe, a large
proportion of which are found in France, it is not unreasonable to expect
that further additions to our fauna may yet be made; the most curious
member of the groun found in Europe is Leptoderus ; it is, however,
improbable that this will occur in Britain.
B. Wollastoni is found like other members of the genus under leaves,
refuse, &c., but appears especially to affect the old rotten shells of seed
potatoes, in which it is found occasionally in large numbers, when the
new crop is dug up in the summer.
B. Wollastoni, Jans. Short, oval, convex, reddish-brown, with
fine and rather close yellowish pubescence, finely and thickly punctured,
the punctuation of the elytra being somewhat asperate ; head depressed,
with acute lateral angles; antenne reaching about to base of thorax,
thickened gradually towards apex, penultimate joints almost or slightly
transverse ; thorax transverse, a little broader than elytra, gently and
evenly rounded at sides, much contracted in front, posterior angles pro-
duced, acute, fitting closely to shoulders of elytra; elytra narrowed
behind, gradually rounded at apex, with sutural stria distinct; legs
rather long and slender, male with the anterior tarsi 5-jointed,* dilated,
* According to several authors the tibie are 4- 5- 5-jointed in both sexes.
72 CLAVICORNIA. [ Bathyscia.
female with the anterior tarsi 4-jointed, tibie in both sexes, especially
the middle ones, moderately spinulose. L. 1$-2 mm.
Beneath vegetable refuse, rhubarb and lettuce-leaves in gardens, rarely in the
nests of humble-bees ; common in seed potatoes in some localities in the summer ;
local, but probably overlooked; first taken by Mr. E. W. Janson near Finchley, in
August, 1854; Hammersmith ; Staple, Kent (Gorham) ; Wingham, Kent (Hamlet
Clark); Eastry, Kent; ‘St. Peter’s and Kingsgate, Kent (IT. Wood in great
numbers),
SPHARITINA.
This tribe contains one genus Sphcrites, which is included by some
authors with the Szlphina, but is perhaps more correctly separated by
reason of its truncate elytra, and the fact that the abdomen has only
five segments, whereas in all the members of the Silphina it consists of
six segments.
SPHERITES, Duftschmidt.
This genus contains one species, S. glabratus, which is common to
Northern Europe, Alaska, and Vancouver’s Island, and a second, S.
politus, described from Sitkha, Northern Asia, which may perhaps be a
form of the first ; S. glabratus has an appearance very similar to HWister ;
it is very rare in Britain, and has only occurred in Scotland, and once
in the Northumberland district.
S. glabratus, F. Oblong, somewhat ovate, shining black, glabrous,
with a more or less distinct metallic reflection; head small, thickly
punctured, mandibles strongly developed; antenneze short with a long
scape and a solid 3-jointed club; thorax fitting closely to base of elytra,
transverse, with sides narrowed slightly in front, posterior angles almost
right angles, upper surface very finely and scarcely visibly punctured ;
scutellum large, triangular; elytra as broad as thorax and long in com-
parison, sides subparallel, apex truncate, upper surface with fine punctured
strie, interstices almost smooth; legs pitchy, tibie spinose externally,
tarsi all 5-jointed. L. 6-65 mm.
Under bark of dead trees, in decaying fungi, and at oozing sap, also in dung; rare;
Scotland, Tweed, Tay, and Dee districts ; one specimen has also been taken at Wooler,
in the Northumberland district, by Mr. J. Hardy.
SCYDMZANIDZ.
This family differs from the Pselaphide in having the tarsi 5-jointed,
and the elytra not or scarcely abbreviated; as a rule they entirely cover the
abdomen, but are occasionally, as in Huthia, truncate and leave the
pygidium exposed ; the posterior coxe are conical and distant; in the
tribes represented in our fauna, the maxillary palpi are 4-jointed, with
the last joint small and often obsolete ; the members of the family are
small, shining Insects, usually ovate, but sometimes rather slender, of a
unicolorous black, dark brown, or reddish colour, more or less clothed
Scydmenide.] CLAVICORNIA. 73
with erect hairs ; they occur in moss, under stones, under bark, in ants’
nests, &e., and are often found in company with Pselaphide. We know
comparatively little of the family ; a large number of species have been
described from almost all parts of the world, but more are perpetually
being found in every district which is worked for them; the generic
differences are by no means strictly defined ; several new genera have
recently been formed to include various divisions of the large genus
Scydmenus, but they must be regarded as only a provisional arrangement
towards the final settlement of the genus. ‘The British families may be
defined as follows :—
J. Last joint of maxillary palpi narrow, distinct, subulate ;
thorax narrower than elytra . . . SCYDMENINA
Il. Last joint of maxillary palpi very short and ‘proad, obsolete,
obtusely pointed, and rounded in conjunction with the
third joint.
i. Thorax narrower than elytra; antenne feebly geniculate
with the first joint as long as the two following. . . . EUMICRINA.
ii. Thorax as broad or nearly as broad as elytra; antennz
straight ; first joint not as long as the two following . . CHPHENIINA.
SCYDMZANINA.
This tribe contains the old genus Seydmenus, which is now divided
into several genera on certain characters of the head, thorax, coxe, &e. ;
upwards of two hundred species are enumerated in the Munich catalogue,
but this number by no means represents the limits of the genus. Our
species may be subdivided as follows:—
I. Head short, without distinet neck, eyes approximate to
margins of thorax.
i, Thorax. strongly margined, with sides nearly straight
from base to beyond middle; hind coxe contiguous . . NEURAPHES, Thoms.
ii. Thorax cordiform without distinct pee hind coxze
moderately separated. . . . ScyrpManus, Latr.
II. Head long, divided from thorax by a distinct neck ; eyes
placed at a considerable distance from margins of thorax . Euconnus, Thoms.
NEURAPHES, Thomson.
This genus contains about sixty European species; it is distinguished
from Scydmenus by the shape of the thorax and the contiguous hind
coxe ; none of our British species are common; the insects that stand
in our collections under the name of S. pumilio (=minutus, Chaud.)
appear to me to be nothing more than varieties at the most of S.
Sparshalli.
I. Forehead with a strong fovea near eyes ; thorax at
base with a fine longitudinal keel above scutellum.
i. Thorax distinctly punctured . . . . . . . N.ELONGATULUS, Mill,
ii. Thorax not, or scarcely, punctured.
1. Size larger; thorax about as long as broad,
strongly narrowed and angled at sides on
anterior thirds 1). tee suet se IN. ANGULATUS, ulale.
74 _ CLAVICORNIA. [| Neuraphes.
2. Size smaller; thorax longer thaa broad with
sides rounded and gradually narrowed in
front.
A. Antenne with penultimate joints feebly
transverse; elytra with the four basal im-
pressions almost equally deep, the external
ones elongate. . N. Rusicunpus, Schaum.
B. Antenne with penultimate joints strongly
transverse ; elytra with external basal im-
pressions small and shallow. . . N. carinatus, Muls.
II. Forehead without fovea near eyes ; thorax without
longitudinal keel before scutellum.
i. Colour lighter ; form more convex; antennze less
thickened towards apex ; transverse basal furrow
of thorax with two fovee on each side near ;
oes mee . N. SpPARSHALLI, Denny.
. Colour darker ; ; form depressed ; antennse more
i amevaned towards apex; transverse basal furrow
of thorax with one fovea oneach side. . . . N. LONGICOLLIS, Mots.
(preteritus, Rye).
N. elongatulus, Miill. Dark pitchy-red or reddish-black, shining,
antenne and legs reddish-testaceous, palpi and tarsi yellow ; somewhat
immature specimens are lighter; head rather large, a little narrower
than thorax; antenne rather long and stout, gradually thickened to
apex, with the penultimate joints distinctly transverse; thorax rather
long with the sides rounded in front and almost parallel behind, more or
less distinctly punctured, depressed at base, with a fine keel above
scutellum, and two fovee on each side ; elytra long oval, much broader
than thorax, finely and not thickly punctured, with two rather long
fovee at base, of which the inner one is the broadest and deepest ;
femora thickened at apex. L. 12 mm.
In moss, &c. ; occasionally by evening sweeping ; not uncommon in some districts ;
London district, generally distributed ; Hastings; Gosport; Riddlesdown ; Midland
districts, in most localities, Bewdley, Sherwood, Repton, Birmingham district, &e. ;
it appears to become rarer further north; Scotland, rare, Solway and Tay districts.
Ireland, Galway (J. J. Walker).
N angulatus, Miill. (¢mpressus, Sahlb. Wighami, Denny). In
size, colour, and general appearance this species rather closely
resembles the preceding, but is very easily distinguished by the
shape and sculpture of the thorax, which is about as long as
broad, strongly angled on anterior third, abruptly contracted in front,
and gradually narrowed towards base in almost a straight line; it is
impunctate, and strongly pubescent at sides, especially in front; the
antenne, moreover, have the penultimate joints less transverse than in
NV. elongatulus, the elytra have the sides a little less rounded, and are
more finely punctured ; the shoulders also are more marked, and the
femora are less dilated at apex. L. 12-14.
In moss, &c.; occasionally by evening sweeping ; not uncommon; Lee, Sheerness,
Mickleham, Woking, Esher, Shirley, Ashtead, Caterham, West Wickham, Tonbridge ;
ai
Neuraphes.] CLAVICORNIA. ve
~
The Holt, Farnham; Sherwood Forest, under bark; Repton Shrubs, near Burton-on-
Trent ; it is not recorded from the northern counties or from Scotland,
N. rubicundus, Muls. (Sharpi, Saulcy, teste, H. R. W). Long
oval, very slightly depressed, entirely rufous or rufo-testaceous, with the
palpi and tarsi yellow ; head tovether with eyes, which are prominent,
somewhat narrower than thorax, antenne rather strongly thickened
towards apex, with the three penultimate joints plainly transverse ; thorax
considerably longer than broad, gradually rounded in front, and margined
and narrowed almost in a straight line behind, with the basal fovez distinct,
and a longitudinal keel before the scutellum; elytra long oval, broader
than thorax, very sparingly and obsoletely punctured, with two fovew at
the base of each, which are of almost equal depth ; legs slender, femora
somewhat dilated towards apex. L. 15 mm.
In moss, &c.; very rare; Shirley (Champion), in a sand-pit ; Ripon (Waterhouse) ;
Scarborough ; in Dr. Sharp’s collection there is a specimen without locality labelled
S. Sharpi, De Saulcy ; it is of about the size and colour of S. Sparshalli, but answers
very well to the description of S. rubicundus, of which it appears to be a small
example. In the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise S. Sharpi is given as a
synonym of S. rubicundus.
N. carinatus, Muls. (glyptocephalus, Saulcy, teste, H.R. W.) Very
like the preceding, but rather smaller, and as a rule more darkly coloured ;
it is distinguished by its shorter antenne, which are more strongly and
suddenly thickened at apex, and have the intermediate joints less slender
and cylindrical; the keel at the base of the thorax before scutellum is
more defined and more prolonged towards the front ; and the elytra have
the shoulders a little more marked, and the external impressions at their
base more feeble than those next the suture. L. 1+ mm.
In moss, &e.; very rare; Shirley (Rye); in Dr. Sharp’s collection there is a
specimen from Eltham labelled S. glyptocephalus, De Saulcy, which appears to belong
to this species, of which it is quoted asa synonym in the last European catalogue.
S. carinatus was originally recorded as occurring under stones in company with
Formica brunnea in the Beaujolais mountains, France.
N. Sparshalli, Denny (Helvolus, Schaum). Ferruginous or rufo-
testaceous, convex, clothed sparingly with yellow pubescence, antennze
and legs reddish-testaceous, palpi and tarsi lighter; head together with
eyes, which are large and projecting, only a little narrrower than thorax,
antennze moderate, gradually thickened towards apex ; thorax sub-
quadrate, with sides gently rounded in front, and gradually and slightly
narrowed in almost a straight line to base, thickly pubescent at sides,
with a transverse furrow at base, but no longitudinal keel above scutellum ;
at the ends of the furrow are two fovew of which the outer one is deep
and narrow ; elytra rather short, broad oval, convex, finely and plainly
punctured, with two fovez at the base of each, and a very plain humeral
fold ; femora feebly thickened at apex. L. 1 mm.
In moss, &e.; occasionally by evening sweeping; rare; Mickleham, Caterham,
76 CLAVICORNIA. [ Neuraphes.
Croydon, Woking, Bromley, Chobham, Wanstead, Esher, Birdbrook, Highgate,
Horsell, Lee, Sheerness, Westerham, &c. ; Norfolk ; Acocks Green, near Birmingham ;
Repton and Burton-on-Trent ; Scotland, very rare, Tweed and Forth districts.
V. minutus, Chaud. (Seydmenus pumilio, Schaum; Neuraphes
minutus, Reitter). This variety, which some authors consider a separate
species, appears only to differ from type WV. Sparshalli by its somewhat
smaller form, broader head, and plainer basal fovez of thorax ; it is also
said to be usually of a darker colour, and to have more obtusely pointed
elytra, but the differences are very slight, and can hardly be considered
specific. L. mm.
First taken by Mr. Matthews at Gumley, Leicestershire, and by Dr. Power, at Lee
pit, Kent, The Holt near Farnham, and Littlington, Cambridge.
N. longicollis, Mots (preteritus, Rye). Fusco-piceous, often with
a reddish tinge, with antenne and legs reddish-testaceous, somewhat de-
pressed, sparingly pubescent, head with eyes a little narrower than thorax,
antenne rather long, plainly thickened to apex, with joints 8—]0 transverse ;
thorax elongate-quadrate, narrowed in front, and with sides almost straight
behind, impunctate, with a transverse furrow at base furnished with one
fovea only at each side, and without longitudinal keel before scutellum ;
elytra elongate-ovate, sparingly and very obsoletely punctured, with two
deep fovez at the base of each; legs slender, femora thickened at apex.
L. 1-1; mm.
In moss, &., generally in company with ants, occasionally by evening sweeping ;
rare; Croydon, Weybridge, Erith, Caterham, Darenth, Snodland, Strood, Norwood,
Forest Hill; Chatham; Folkestone; Isle of Wight; Seaford, Devon.
Tn colour and general appearance, as Mr. Rye remarks in his descrip-
tion (Ent. Monthly Mag. ix. 6), this species very closely resembles a very
small specimen of S. elongatulus, from which it may be known by its more
depressed elytra, and impunctate thorax, and also by the absence of a
longitudinal keel on thorax before scutellum.
SCYDMENUS, Latreille.
The genus Scydmenus proper contains only about twenty-five
Huropean species, and apparently is less extensive than either Neuwraphes
or Euconnus ; it resembles the former in having the head short and the
eyes approximate to the margins of thorax, but may be easily distin-
guished by the cordiform shape of the latter, and by the moderately
separated hind coxe ; in all our species (with the exception of S. exilis)
there is no transverse furrow at the base of the thorax, but in its place
four more or less distinct round fovee ; the genus is easily separated from
Euconnus by the formation of the head, which in the latter genus is long
and separated from the thorax by a distinct neck, and also has the eyes
placed at a considerable distance from the margins of thorax.
Sydmenus. | CLAVICORNIA. 17
I, Elytra with two distinct foveee at the base of each ;
thorax with four foveze at base.
i. Size large (nearly 2 mm.) ; elytra broad oval, coarsely
be diffusely punctured ; colour brownish-red. . . S. Goparti, Lafr.
. Size smaller (not exceeding 1} mm.).
ie Elytra finely and indistinctly punctured ; colour
black ; size larger.
A. Form shorter and broader ; elytra broad oval ;
sides of thorax gently rounded . . . . S. SCUTELLARIS, Miill.
B. Form longer and narrower; elytra oblong
oval; sides of thorax sharply rounded, almost
angled, infront . . S. coLuaARis, JZiil/,
2. Ely tra rather strongly and not closely punctur ed;
size smaller.
A. Colour black ; elytra narrower, more coarsely
and diffusely punctured. . . S. pusintus, JMiill.
B. Colour dark reddish-brown ; elytra broader,
less coarsely and diffusely punctured . . S. Powertr, Fowler.
II. Elytra with one distinct dorsal fovea at hare of
each; thorax without distinct basal fovez, but with an
indistinct transverse basalfurrow .. . . . . . S. EXILIS, Hr.
S. Godarti, Latr. The largest of our British Scydmznide ; of a short
and convex form, colour lighter or darker chestnut-brown or reddish,
antennz and legs red, tarsi testaceous-yellow ; antenne rather long and
slender and scarcely thickened towards apex, with the four penultimate
joints as long as broad; head a little narrower than thorax ; thorax
feebly cordiform, about as broad as long at its widest, with the basal
fovez small ; elytra much broader than thorax, oval, very convex, plainly
punctured, with two rather small fovex at the base of each, of which the
outer one is less distinct ; the usual fold at the shoulders is only just
indicated, L. 14-2 mm.
Male with anterior femora more thickened towards apex, rounded
externally,
Under bark, in retten wood, in company with ants ; rarely under decaying leaves ;
rare; Loughton, Essex; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire, in nests of Formica rufa;
Sherwood Forest (in rotten wood with ants, also on newly felled timber in the evening) ;
Dunham Park, Manchester, in moss and hepaticze.
S. scutellaris, Mill. Black, shining, very convex, with sparing
yellowish pubescence, antenne and legs reddish-testaceous, femora dark,
palpi yellow; head narrower than thorax, eyes large ; antenne rather
slender, feebly thickened towards apex, with the two penultimate joints
about as long as broad ; thorax about as broad as long, feebly cordiform,
impunctate, with four fovee at base; elytra broad, rather short oval,
sparingly and finely punctured, with two fovee at base of each ; humeral
fold short but distinct. L. 12-13 mm.
Male with the anterior femora rather strongly inflated and angled
externally towards apex.
In haystack and other refuse, moss, decaying sea- weed, &c., also under stones,
especially in long grass near the coast; generally distributed and common in the
78 CLAVICORNIA. [ Scydmenus.
London district, and the Southern and Midland Counties; rarer further north,
and apparently very rare in the Northumberland district; it is not recorded from
Scotland.
S. collaris, Miill. Black, shining, very like the preceding in
general appearance, but narrower and more elongate, with the thorax
longer than broad and less gradually rounded in front, and the elytra
long oval and less obtuse at apex ; the humeral fold is very short and
indistinct ; the male anterior femora, moreover, are only gradually
dilated, and not angled but rounded externally, and broadest near the
middle.
In moss, &e.; generally distributed and common throughout England, and
probably Ireland, and not rare in Scotland, Solway, Tweed, Forth, and Dee districts.
L. 12-15 mm.
Immature specimens often occur of this and the preceding species
which are entirely rufo-testaceous and cause great confusion; the form
and sculpture will, however, serve to distinguish them.
S. pusillus, Miill (flavicornis, Mots.). Long oval, convex, smaller
than the two preceding species, black, shining, clothed sparingly with
rather fine yellow pubescence, antenne and legs reddish-testaceous,
femora usually darker, palpi and tarsi yellow; head narrower than
thorax, antenne moderate, with the two penultimate joints somewhat
transverse ; thorax convex, feebly cordiform, slightly longer than broad,
impunctate, with four fovea: at base of which the inner pair are some-
what larger than the others; elytra long oval, very plainly punctured,
with two fovee at the base of each; humeral fold short and not distinct.
L. 13-1; mm.
Male with the anterior femora gradually dilated, and acutely angled
externally at apex.
In moss, flood refuse, &e., especially about river banks; rare ; Chatham, Egham
(Surrey), Mickleham, Walton-on-Thames, Sydenham, Staines, Tottenham ; Hawk-
hurst ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Devonshire; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire (in nests of
Formica rufa); Durham (in hotbeds at Gilesgate Moor) ; Scotland, very rare, Solway
district.
This species closely resembles in general appearance small specimens of
S. collaris, which often do duty for it in collections, but apart from its
size it may be known by the much plainer punctuation of the elytra, the
shape of the basal thoracic fovese (of which the inner pair are larger than
the outer in S. pusillus, whereas in S. collaris the inner pair are more or
less obsolete), and the shape of the anterior femora in the male ; all the
femora appear to be more dilated at apex than in S. collaris.
S. Poweri, Fowler. This species (described by myself in the
Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, xx. 247) is closely allied to S. puszllus,
but may be easily distinguished by its colour which is dark reddish-
brown (as in S. elongatulus), and by the less coarse and diffuse punctuation
Scydmenus. | CLAVICORNIA, 79
of the elytra; the general form too is broader and the elytra are wider
and more convex ; the basal fovez of thorax are somewhat different, the
central pair being often rather indistinct ; the legs are yellow, with the
femora somewhat inflated at apex. L. 14 mm.
In marshy and damp places; rare ; taken at Wimbledon, Birdbrook (Essex), and
Seaton, Devonshire, by Dr. Power, who bad the specimens separated as distinct in
his collection for some time before he requested me to describe it.
S. exilis, Er. (bicolor, Denny ; vicinus, Chaud.1; Stenichnus exilis,
Thoms.). The smallest of our species of Scydmenus proper ; ; of much the
same form as S. pusillus but smaller ; rufo-castaneous with the head and
thorax usually darker, sometimes black, antenne and legs rufo-testaceous,
tarsi yellow ; head with eyes, which are rather large, narrower than
thorax, antenne rather long, gradually thickened to apex ; thorax a little
longer aan broad, feebly cordiform, impunctate, with an indistinct basal
furrow, but with the usual fovez only indicated ; elytra long oval, finely
and sparingly punctured, with only one distinct fovea at the base of
each, the fovea near shoulder being shallow and usually more or less
obsolete, humeral fold absent. LL. 1 mm.
Male with the anterior femora a little more thickened than in the
female.
Under bark; rare; Chatham, Leith Hill, Cobham Park, Hampstead, Loughton ;
Norwich ; New Forest; Netley ; Parkhurst Forest, Isle of Wight ; Sutton Park and
Coleshill, near Birmingham; Bewdley Forest; Hopwas Wood, Tamworth; Cannock
Chase ; Sherwood Forest (in some numbers); Ripon; Scotland, Highlands, very
rare, under bark of dead trees, Clyde and Tay districts.
EUCONNUS, Thomson.
This genus contains about fifty European species ; four of these are
British, one of which, E. fimetarius, is considered by many authors as at
most a variety of H. hirticollis ; the character presented by the antennze
seems however to be specific ; EH. denticornis is rather a large species and
is very easily known by the characters of the antenne in the male,
whereas EH. nanus is the smallest of all our Scydmenide and certainly
appears to be generically different. The characters of the genus have
been pointed out above (p. 76).
I. Antenne with four-jointed club.
i, Size larger; male with the 8th and 9th jp of
antenne dilated, securiform . . . E. DENTICORNIS, Mill.
ii. Size smaller; joints of the antenne simple in both
sexes.
1. Antenne distinctly shorter and less slender with
the joints less elongate; ae ese of elytra
closer sc) . E, FIMETARIUS, Chaud.
2. Antenne distinctly longer and more slender with
the joints more elongate ; Le aiaan of elytra less
close. . > . ». BE. HIRTICOLLIS, ZZ.
1. Antenne with three-jointed club ; ; size very minute . E. NANUS, Sehaum,
80 CLAVICORNIA. [ Huconnus.
E. denticornis, Mill. (rujicornis, Denny). Rather a large species,
convex, black or pitchy-black, shining, with thick bristly pubescence at
the sides of thorax and on the temples, antenne and legs ferruginous,
femora black or pitchy ; head large, nearly as broad as thorax, antenne
rather long and robust; thorax somewhat cylindrical, longer than broad,
narrowed in front, impunctate, with two distinct fovez at base and
between them a small fold; elytra oval, convex, almost impunctate,
foveolate at base, with a strong humeral feld; femora dilated. L. 13-
14 mm,
Male with the first two joints of the club dilated and denticulate, the
first longer than broad, securiform, the second subquadrate and strongly
toothed at apex; in the female the three first joints of the club are
simple, about as long as broad.
In moss, vegetable refuse, &e.; occasionally by evening sweeping ; rare; Mickle-
ham, Esher, Caterham, Dorking, Faversham, Ashford, Darenth, Surbiton, Purley,
Cowley, Chattenden; Norfolk; Hollington and Guestling, near Hastings; New
Forest ; Scarborough.
E. hirticollis, Il]. Of very much the same shape as the preceding,
deep black, shining, sparingly pubescent, except on thorax, which is
clothed with very thick and long bristly pubescence ; antenne, palpi and
legs ferruginous, club of the former and the femora blackish ; head
small, somewhat orbicular, with a large neck, antenne long and slender
with the joints rather elongate; thorax longer than broad, somewhat
cylindrical, narrowed in front, base transversely compressed, with two
indistinct fovee; elytra short oval, impunctate and very sparingly
pubescent ; legs long, femora dilated at apex. L. 14 mm.
Marshy places—in wet moss, and at roots of grass; also under fallen leaves in
woods; rare; Faversham, Weybridge, Caterham; Horning Fen; Wicken Fen;
Tewkesbury ; Sutton Park, Birmingham ; it is also recorded from the Southern dis-
tricts (Hastings, Portsmouth, &c.), and from the neighbourhood of Durham, and
other localities, but many of the records of its capture evidently apply to the following
species, which is by far the commoner of the two.
E. fimetarius, Chaud. (hirticollis, var., Reitter, &c.). Very closely
resembling the preceding species, but with the penultimate joint of the
palpi fuscous, and the hairs on the elytra shorter and less scattered ; the
chief difference, however, les in the formation of the antenne, which are
evidently shorter and more thickened towards apex, and have the joints
less elongate ; according to Thomson the male has the penultimate seg-
ment of the abdomen impressed in the middle at apex, and the posterior
margin subtruncate. L. 14 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse; rather local; London district, not common,
Dorking, Esher, Putney, Bromley, Shirley, Merton, Darenth, Hammersmith; Sheer-
ness; Tonbridge; The Holt, Farnham; Glanvilles Wootton; Repton, Burton-on-
Trent; Durham district ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district. It appears to be com-
moner than Z#, hirticollis; its habitat is different, and it may easily be distinguished
by the formation of the antennze; the two species are very often mixed together, but
Euconnus. } CLAVICORNIA. : 81
typical specimens appear to be very distinct; a good many authors, however, consider
them to be merely varieties of one species.
E. nanus, Schaum. (minimus, Chaud.; givbulus, Mots.). A very
minute species, the smallest of the European Scydmeenide ; of a rather
long convex form, clothed with fine and rather thick pubescence, which
is thicker and somewhat bristly at the sides of thorax, brownish-red, or
pitchy, or reddish-testaceous (the colour of the head and thorax being
sometimes darker than that of elytra) with the legs and antennx yellow ;
head somewhat round, narrower than thorax, antenne rather stout, with
a three-jointed club, the two penultimate joints transverse ; thorax some-
what cylindrical, a little narrower than elytra, impunctate, with four
fovez at base of which the inner pair are large, and the outer small and
indistinct ; elytra oval and convex, very finely punctured, impressed at
base... L. fmm: _ 4
Under decaying leaves, &c. ; extremely local; I know of no other locality except
Scarborough, in the neighbourhood of which place it has been taken in some numbers
by Messrs. Lawson and Wilkinson.
EUMICRINA.
The members of this tribe resemble the Scydmenina in general
appearance, but agree with the Cephenniina in the formation of the
maxillary palpi ; they are rather closely allied to the Mastigina, a tribe
which contains some of the largest representatives of the Scydmenide ;
in fact this tribe is by some authors included under ‘the Eumicrina ;
the Eumicrina are represented in Britain by one genus containing twa
species, which differ from one another in several important points, and
have in consequence been placed by some authorities in different
genera.
EUMICRUS, Castelnau.
This genus contains a considerable number of species which are found
in various parts of the world, representatives having been recorded from
North and South America, India, Australia, Arabia, &c.; they occur in
moss, vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &c., and also in damp wood mould
under bark,
T. Elytra and thorax with more or less distinct basal impres-
sions or foveew; eyes large; anterior tarsi strongly dilated
in male; size larger; colour pitchy-reddish or castaneous. HE. TArsatus, Jil.
II. Elytra without basal impressions, thorax without distinct
fove ; eyes small; anterior tarsi simple in beth sexes ; size
smaller; colour rufo-testaceous . . .. .. =. . ~. 4. RUFUS, Mill.
E. tarsatus, Mill. Chestnut-brown or pitchy-red, head and thorax
often darker, antennz and legs red; form rather long, convex, narrowed
in front ; upper surface clothed rather sparingly with yellowish pubes-
cence; head somewhat orbicular, antenne long with the first joint
VOL. TIL. G
82 CLAVICORNIA. [ Humtcrus.
cylindrical, as long as the two following, and thicker, joints 9-11 forming
a gradual and not very marked club; thorax longer than broad, im-
punctate, feebly rounded and widened before middle, with four fovee
at base ; elytra oval, convex, much broader than thorax, very finely and
obsoletely punctured, each with a distinct fovea at base ; femora clavate,
thickened towards apex ; posterior trochanters elongate. L. 2 mm.
Male with intermediate tarsi feebly, and anterior tarsi strongly,
dilated.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, cut grass, dung-heaps, under stones, &c. ;
generally distributed and common throughout the London and southern districts and
the midlands; rarer further north; Northumberland and Durham district, rare;
Scotland, rare, Solway and Tweed districts.
E. rufus, Mil. (agilis, Mots.; Cholerus rufus, Thoms.; Heterognathus
rufus, King). A small convex species, of a rufo-testaceous colour, with
rather fine yellowish pubescence ; head large, antennz moderately long,
with the last three joints forming a club, the two penultimate ones
being about as long as broad ; thorax ovate cylindrical, slightly longer
than broad, without foveze at base; elytra short oval, much broader in
the middle than thorax, very finely but visibly punctured ; femora
clavate, strongly thickened towards apex ; the metasternum is very long,
and the hind legs viewed from above appear to start from the apical
portion of the elytra; this is the case, to a somewhat lesser degree,
with EZ. tarsatus ; the sexual differences appear to be very slight. L.
12 mm.
Under bark, and in damp wood mould; very rare; two specimens only have
occurred in Britain, one taken by Mr. Champion in Richmond Park, Surrey, in
March, 1871, and a second which was kindly given me by Mr. E. A. Butler, who
captured it in 1882 at Hurst Green, Sussex, a village near Etchingham Station on the
S.E. railway; he found it on his little girl’s dress, after she had been playing in a
field for some time, so that it evidently came out of the grass, and might perhaps be
obtained by sweeping in the locality ; it is found not rarely in some parts of Europe
under bark and in rotten stumps with ants. ‘his species and H. tursatus certainly
seem to belong to different genera.
CEPHENNIINA.
The genera belonging to this tribe are very distinct from the rest of
the Scydmenidz in general appearance by reason of the broad thorax
which is about as wide at base as the elytra, so that the insects present
a continuous outline; in the genus Huthia, moreover, the elytra are
truncate and leave the pygidium exposed ; the maxillary palpi, as in the
Eumicrina, are apparently 3-jointed, the fourth joint being very short
broad and obsolete, and rounded in conjunction with the third joint ;
two of the three European genera are found in Britain.
I. Apex of elytra truncate, pygidium exposed ; base of thorax
with fivefovee .. . . noice ae Se ei cn. 0) REUTIOAY pS nema
II. Apex of elytra rounded, pygidium covered; base of thorax
eno ego ao nolo 6 o o 4 6 G gq SCimcsnaaanase i/o)
Euthia.} CLAVICORNIA. 83
EUTHIA, Stephens.
This genus contains at present only a few species which are mainly
confined to Europe ; they are very distinct from the rest of the Scydme-
nidw as may be gathered from the characters above given; they are
found in moss, vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &c., and often in ants’ nests ;
four species occur in Britain, all of which are rare, and one or two
extremely rare ; they may be separated as follows :—
I. Colour unicolorous black or pitchy-black.
i. Club of antenne less abrupt; elytra broader and
more ovate, less plainly punctured . . . . . . KE. SCYDM&NOIDES, Steph.
ii, Club ofantenne abrupt ; elytra narrower and more
parallel-sided, very plainly punctured . . . . . E. ctavata, Reitfer.
II. Elytra testaceous or reddish-brown.
i. Elytra reddish-brown ; upper surface very finely
and rather closely punctured and pubescent; club
of antennex abrupt; sizesmaller. . . . . . . E.ScnHaumt, Kies.
ii. Elytra testaceous; upper surface very finely and
sparingly punctured and pubescent; club of an-
tenne very gradual; sizelarger. . . . . . . E. puicata, Gy/ll.
E. scydmeenoides, Steph. (linearis, Muls.; abbreviatella, Er.).
Elongate, not very convex, pitchy-black, clothed with rather fine and
short greyish-yellow pubescence ; head much narrower than thorax ;
antenne rather stout, reddish with the club often pitchy, club not very
abrupt, both the penultimate joints transverse; thorax scarcely broader
than long, rather convex and with sides rounded in front, depressed and
with sides narrowed behind, not very thickly but plainly punctured,
with five fovee at base ; elytra at base scarcely broader than thorax,
with sides slightly rounded, broadest about middle, finely but plainly
punctured, with the apex truneate; pygidium scarcely visibly punctured ;
legs slender, testaceous or reddish-testaceous. L. 1-11 mm.
In moss, haystack and vegetable refuse, &e.; not common; Caterham; Black-
heath: Lee pit; The Holt, Farnham; Kegworth; Dover; Devon; Knowle (abun-
dant in hot-beds, Blatch) ; Repton, Burton-on-Trent; it often occurs on the wing,
and is sometimes, apparently, found in company with ants. Stephens first described
it from Highgate and Wimbledon.
E. clavata, Reitter. Very closely allied to the preceding, but
narrower, with the sides of the elytra more parallel, and usually of a
more pitchy-brownish colour; the antenne are lighter, except the three
last joints which are darker, and form a distinctly more abrupt club;
the thorax is a little more narrowed in front and behind, so that at its
_ broadest it seems rather more dilated; the antennze in the female are
very elongate, being very nearly one-fourth longer than those of the
male, with the club less pronounced, a point which is noticed by Mr,
Llatch but not by Herr Reitter in his description. L. 1-14 mm.
Under bark of oak logs in Sherwood Forest; rare; first taken by Mr. Blatch in
G 2
84 CLAVICORNIA. [ Huthia.
the early spring of 1883, and subsequently by Mr. Blatch and Mr. Horner in the
same locality.
E. Schaumi, Kies (albreviatella, Thoms.). Fusco-piceous with the
elytra testaceous or brownish-testaceous, antennze palpi and legs reddish-
testaceous ; somewhat depressed, with very fine, short, and somewhat
thick silky pubescence ; head narrower than thorax, eyes large and rather
prominent, antennee long, with distinct three- jointed club ; thorax scarcely
broader than long, with sides feebly rounded in front before middle,
plainly but variably punctured, the punctuation being sometimes .as
close as that of elytra and sometimes decidedly less close, base depressed
and foveate ; elytra rather long and parallel-sided, very finely and rather
closely punctured ; abdomen and pygidium pitchy-brown, apex of latter
lighter; legs slender. L, 14-12 mm.
In hot-beds, under bones, also under poplar-bark, &e.; rare; Felixstowe (Water-
house); Knowle and Small Heath near Birmingham and Wicken Fen (Blatch) ;
Repton (Garneys) ; it has been taken near Gla-gow, and I have a specimen taken by
Mr. Beaumont in Scotland, without any locality attached.
E. plicata, Gyll. Very like the preceding, but larger and more
shining, and with the elytra of a bright rufo-castaneous colour ; ; 1t may
moreover be easily distinguished by the very gradual club of the antenne,
and its much more sparing and very fine punctuation ; it is the largest
of our British species of Huthia. L. 12 mm.
Under bark, in company with ants; aso in cut grass, flood refuse, &e., and occa-
sionally by evening sweeping; rare; Shirley, Caterham, Mickleham, Surbiton,
Leytonstone, Esher; Whittlesea; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire (in nests of Formica
vufa) ; Stretford, near Manchester.
CEPHENNIUM, Mill.
Eleven species only are enumerated in the Munich catalogue as be-
longing to this genus, but in the last European catalogue about forty
species are mentioned from Europe alune, so that in all probability the
genus is an extensive one; it differs from Huthia in having the apex of
elytra rounded and the pygidium covered, and in the sculpture of the
base of the thorax; two species have usually been regarded as British,
but the second appears merely to be a variety of the first ; the members
of the genus are found under leaves, in moss, &c., in company with
species “of Scydmenus, .
Cc. thoracicum, Miill. (Scydmaenus thoracicus, Denny). Pitchy-
black or obscurely castaneous, or with the thorax reddish and the elytra
pitchy, or entirely reddish, of a short and broad, almost parallel, form,
clothed with fine yellowish pubescence ; head nearly always ferruginous, .
small, triangular, antenne slender, reddish yellow, with the three last
joints forming a club, the last being nearly as long as the two preceding ;
thorax very large and convex, W ider in front than elytra, a little con-
tracted at "base, scarcely punctured, without basal fovee; elytra long
Cephennium. | CLAVICORNIA. 85
oval, very finely and rather thickly punctured, each with a deep fovea
in middle of base, apex and also the pygidium reddish. LL. 1 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie slightly thickened towards apex, and
shghtly curved before apex ; metasternum deeply impressed.
In moss, &e.; not uncommon and rather generally distributed in the London and
Sonthern districts, and it occurs generally in some of the midland districts, but there
appears to be no record from further north than Repton, Burton-on-Trent (where it
is rare) ; it does not occur in Scotland.
(C. intermedium, Aubé. A single specimen of an insect, named
as this species by M. Fairmaire, was taken by the Rev. A. Matthews
near Silchester, Hants, in 1859, and described by him in the Zoologist
for 1862 (7976) ; according to Mr. Matthews the species may be known
by its dark colour, smaller thorax, rather longer antenne, and more
elongate shape; according to Aubé’s description, however, the shape
should be shorter, so that M. Fairmaire’s determination of the specimen
appears to be doubtfully correct ; the species appears to be represented
in many collections by colour varieties of C. thoraciewm).
CLAVIGERIDZ.
The species that form this family are by many authors included as a
tribe under the Pselaphide, with which they have some points in
common ; at the same time they differ so widely as a whole from these
latter, that it is best to separate them off as a family; they may be
distinguished by their long cylindrical head and curiously formed
abdomen, of which the front segments are connate, as well as by their
general contour; the number of joints in the antenne varies from two
to six, and the palpi are one-jointed and inconspicuous ; these points, as
a rule, serve to distinguish them from the Pselaphide, which generally
have the antennz 11-jointed and the palpi 3- or 4-jointed and long and
conspicuous ; abnormal species of Pselaphide, however, occur, which
resemble the Clavigeride in these characters; the tarsi are 3-jointed,
the first and second joints being very short, and the third long, and
terminated by a single claw; many of the species are totally devoid of
eyes ; they live with ants which, by caressing the tufts of hair that
grow on their abdomen, cause the exudation of a fluid; this they
swallow greedily, and in return appear to support the Clavigers, which
seem to have lost the natural instinct of feeding themselves; as Sir
John Lubbock observes (Ants, Bees, and Wasps, Int. Scientific Series,
p. 84), the slave-making ant and Claviger and certain other myrme-
cophilous beetles are the only cases in nature of an animal having lost
this instinct. We possess one species only of the family in Britain,
w hich is local but not uncommon where it occurs.
CLAVIGER, Preyssler.
This genus contains seventeen or eighteen European species and one
86 CLAVICORNIA. [ Claviger.
or two representatives from India, &c.; the characters given for the
family will serve to distinguish our single species, which is totally unlike
any other British insect.
Cc. testaceus, Preyss. (foveolatus, Mill). Entirely testaceous or
reddish-testaceous, shining, head and thorax rather thickly pubescent ;
head long cylindrical, antennz short, club-shaped, six-jointed, last joint
large, eyes wanting ; thorax longer than broad, narrowed in front, with
a fovea at base ; elytra much broader than thorax, widened and deeply
impressed towards apex ; abdomen, if viewed from above, apparently
composed of one segment with a deep longitudinal furrow at base; legs
short, tibize narrowed at base. L., 2-2} mm.
Male with the intermediate femora before middle and the intermediate
tibie before apex armed with a little tooth ; abdomen with the sixth
ventral segment furnished with a small tubercle at apex.
In nests of Formica flava (Lasius flavus), beneath flints on chalky hillsides or
downs; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Box Hill; Mickleham ; Dorking ;
Portland; Southdowns (Chanctonbury); Freshwater, Isle of Wight; Seaford,
Devon; Cievedon, Somerset ; Scotland, very rare, Tweed and Forth districts ; Ireland,
near Waterford; the species occurs on the continent in company with Lasius niger
as well as ZL. flavus.
PSELAPHID.
This family contains a considerable number of genera which are in
many points closely allied to the Scydmeenide, but differ in having the
tarsi 3-jointed and the elytra much abbreviated; in the arrangement
followel below two tribes only are adopted, but some authors add two
others, Batrisina and Bryaxina ; there is, however, no particular reason
why they should be adopted, and it is well not to multiply tribes
too much if possible; the two tribes distinguished below are very
distinct.
I. Posterior cox transverse not prominent or contiguous; form
never linear. . . . Some, Wisc cei to) Materal feta accra aie tatohe, corm ta 9 Fry A> EINES,
II. Posterior cox conical, -prominent, contiguous; form usually
MMC AT Ss iol Rar eo tein fed lak SS Se Memes Gy cea ey We Noe laa is a eA PE ODENAE
PSELAPHINA.
The genera contained in this tribe are widely distributed throughout
the world ; as yet, however, we know comparatively little about them,
as we nay judge from the number of species that have lately been
obtained in various countries by collectors who have found time to
attend to the minuter groups of Coleoptera ; they are easily distinguished
from the Euplectina by their wider bottle-shaped form, and from the
Scydmenidee by their much shorter elytra.
I. Antenne inserted on two more or less approximate tuber-
cles; maxillary palpi (in our genera) very long and con-
spicuous.
Pselaphina. ] CLAVICORNIA. 87
i. Maxillary palpi with the last joint very long, club-shaped PsreLapuus, Herbst.
il. prea gts palpi with the last joint ‘securiform, usu: illy
road
1. Antenne with the first joint moderate, very closely ap-
proximate at base; abdomen with the first visible
dorsal segment longer than the following . . . . . Tycuus, Leach.
2. Antenne subgeniculate with the first joint large, less
approximate at base; abdomen with the first dorsal
segments subequal . . - . Bytrurus, Leach.
II. Antennz distant, inserted at the sides of the head ; maxil-
lary palpi not conspicuously large.
i, Tarsi with two unequal claws . . . . =. . + « «+ BATEisus, Aube.
ii. Tarsi with a single claw.
1. Thorax with three foveze at base united by a transverse
furrow, elytra of male ee in a short and broad
ee at apex. . : RyBaxis, Saulcy.
. Thorax with three foves at ‘base, “not united by a
eee elytra of male simple atapex . . . . . . Bryaxts, Leach.
PSELAPHUS, Herbst.
The genus Pselaphus contains, according to the Munich catalogue,
twenty-one species, but nearly that number of new European species
alone has since been described ; representatives occur in North and South
America, India and Australia, so that the genus is evidently very widely
distributed ; its limits, however, are very imperfectly known ; the species
occur in moss, vegetable refuse, &c., and are among the most elegant of
the minuter Coleoptera ; they may be distinguished, as a rule, by their
large and somewhat triangular abdomen, which is much narrowed in
front, long and more or less cylindrical neck, and the very long maxillary
palpi; they are found in moss, vegetable refuse, &c.
I. Thorax narrow, much longer than broad, without
impression at base. : cient oe eb MISE, eerbst.
Il. Thorax broader, only a little longer than ‘broad, with
an impression at base . ... . - « » « « BP. DRESDENSIS, Herbst.
P. Heisei, Herbst. (Herbsti, Reich): Bright chestnut or reddish-
brown with the apex of the elytra sometimes darker; head long, eyes
large, forehead strongly furrowed, with two large yellowish tubercles
between eyes ; antennez long, rather strongly thickened towards apex,
second joint twice as long as third ; thorax long, ovate cylindrical, without
furrow at base ; elytra narrow in front, strongly widened behind, with
long and thick tomentose pubescence at apex; abdomen with the first
visible dorsal segment longer than the following taken together, strongly
margined ; legs red, tarsi usually lighter, elongate, with the tibiz con-
stricted at base. L. 13-2 mm.
In moss, haystack refuse, &c.; generally distributed throughout the greater part
of England, as far north as "Yorkshire ; rare in the northern counties; Scotland, rare,
Lowlands, among sphagnum, Forth and Solway districts ; Ireland, Dublin, Portishead,
Armagh and Galway, and probably generaily distributed.
88 CLAVICORNIA. [ Pselaphus.
P. dresdrensis, Herbst. Very like the preceding in general appear-
ance but darker, and easily distinguished by the shape of the thorax,
which is broader in proportion, and not much longer than broad, and is
furnished with a distinct longitudinal semicircular impressed line at
base ; the second joint of the antenne is almost equal to the third, and
the last joint is ovate and smaller, instead of almost securiform and larger
as in P. Heisei ; the pubescence also at the apex of the elytra is shorter ;
the two species differ also in the sculpture of the metasternum in the male,
but the sexual characters do not appear to be important. L. 1{-2 mm.
In damp localities, in moss, &c.; extremely rare, and usually occurring singly ; The
Holt, Farnham, one specimen (Power) ; Askham Bog, York, where Archdeacon Hey
used to take about one speeimen yearly from the moss at the side of the stagnant
pools; Scotland, very rare, Tweed district. Denny used to take it very sparingly at
Woodbastwick and Loddon in Norfolk (Mon. Pselaph. et Scydm. Brit., page 48.)
TYCHUS, Leach.
This genus contains forty or fifty species from various parts of the
world ; they differ from Pselaphus in the formation of the palpi and
general shape, and from Bythinus in the relative length of the segments
of the abdomen ; we possess one British species, the insect that has been
introduced as Tychus cbericus being a variety of 7. niger with reddish
elytra.
©. niger, Payk. Black, with the antennw and legs reddish tes-
taceous, elytra sometimes chestnut brown or reddish, at all events on
disc ; head triangular with large and prominent eyes; antenne stout,
rather long, with the first joint about as long as the second, last three
joints forming a strong club; maxillary palpi yellow, last joint securi-
form ; thorax somewhat broader than long, convex, with five large
punctures at base; elytra much broader than thorax, convex sub-
quadrate, with an entire sutural stria; abdomen with the first visible
dorsal segment longer than the following which are gradually narrower,
sparingly pubescent with long out-standing sete ; legs long, especially
the posterior pair, femora sometimes infuscate. i. 142mm.
Male with the 5th joint of the antenne strongly dilated, about three
times as broad as those contiguous to it.
In moss, dead leaves, haystack refuse, &c.; generally distributed and common in
the Southern and Midland districts of England, but I ;cannot find any record from
further north than Manchester, and it does not appear to oceur in Scotland; Ireland,
near Belfast and Armagh.
BYTHINWS, Leach.
In the Munich catalogue forty-seven species only of this genus are
enumerated (including those belonging to the genus Macherites) ; in the
catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, more than a hundred species
are mentioned from Europe alone; it is evident therefore that our
knowledge of it is very limited; species have been described from
Bythinus. | CLAVICORNIA. 89
America and Australia, so that it is evidently widely distributed ; the
shape of the maxillary palpi, which are large and conspicuous, differs very
much in individual members of the genus, and the characters presented
by the second joint of the antennz in the male are very important.
The genus may be divided into two sub-genera as follows :—
1. Antenne with the first joint very long; basal
joint of palpi, at least in the female, uneven ;
eyes of female very small or wanting; elytra
impunctate . . . . . . . .. .- =. . Sub-gen, MacHmRITES, Miiller.
II. Antenz with the first joint moderate; basal
joint of palpi without trace of prominences or
teeth; elytra in all our species punctured . . Sub-gen. BYTHINUS, i. sp.
(Sub-Gen. Macherites, Miiller.)
This sub-genus contains only one British species ; fifteen species are
enumerated in the last European catalogue, but one or two others have
been recently described by M. Fauvel ; they are found in caves, and also
in ants’ nests, under stones, &c.
B. glabratus, Rye. Testaccous-red, very shining, thinly-clothed
with long scattered yellowish hairs; head rather narrow and elongate,
eyes black, very small; antennz rather slender, basal joint almost cylin-
drical, and almost as long as joints 3-8 together; 2nd joint as long as
3 and 4 together, with no perceptible peculiarity of structure, 10th and
11th forming a club; thorax cordate rather straightly narrowed behind,
with a large shallow fovea on each side below the middle, reaching the
lateral margin and connected across the base of thorax by an impressed
curved line ; elytra with the sides gradually widened and rounded from
the base to the outer posterior angle, impunctate, or at most with a few
obsolete traces of punctures ; abdomen smooth and shining, legs reddish-
testaceous, slender and elongate. L. 1j-14 mm.
Three specimens of this very rare species were taken by Messrs. F. H. and FE. A.
Waterhouse at the end of the summer of 1865 in a mossy hollow on the chalk on
Seaford Downs, in company with Zrichonyx Maerkelii and a small yellow Myrmica
(v. Ent. Monthly Mag. vii., p. 38) ; I captured a single specimen under a stone in
company with 7’. Maerkelii at Sandown, Isle of Wight, on April 12th, 1884. There
are two specimens in Dr. Sharp’s collection from Eccles, near Dumfries, which are
doubtfully referred to this species.
(Sub-Gen. Bythinus, i. sp.)
This sub-genus has usually been considered to contain five British
species, but a sixth, B. validus, must be added; the characters of the
antennee and maxillary palpi will serve, as a rule, to distinguish them.
I, Thorax distinctly punctured.
i. Male with the femora simple and the first joint of the
antenne armed with a small dentiform appendage
at apex; thorax narrower. . .... . . . 5S, PUNCTICOLLIS, Denny.
90 CLAVICORNIA. [| Bythinus.
ii. Male with the femora-inerassate and the first joint
of antenne simple; thorax wider. . . . . . B.VALIDUS, dubé.
IJ. Thorax not or scarcely punctured, at all events
behind.
i. Male with the first joint of the antenne produced
into a small and indistinct tooth on the inner side,
second joint simple, cylindrical. . B. BULBIFER, eich.
. Male with the first joint of the antenne cylindrical,
second joint dilated.
1, Colour dark chestuut-brown or reddish ; maxillary
palpi with the last joint very elongate . . « B. Curiisi1, Leach,
. Colour usually Eee -brown or black, sometimes
reddish-brown ; last joint of maxillary palpi
broad, securiform.
A. 2nd joint of antennz in male broader than
long, securiform ; 1st joint in female one and
a half times as long as broad. . . B. SECURIGER, Reich.
B. 2nd joint of antenna in male longer than
broad, lunulate, 1st joint in female scarcely
longer fhunsbroade-\ one a uo au ee oles Ee BURRELLI, Denny.
B. puncticollis, Denny (Arcopagus puncticollis, Denny). Colour
very variable, entirely chestnut-brown, or reddish, or red with elytra
pitchy, or red with elytra and abdomen pitchy ; head narrower than thorax,
triangular, with two large fovee between eyes, antenne ferruginous, rather
short and thick, palpi pale with the last joint rather long, dilated inter-
nally ; thorax broader than long (in some specimens about as long as
broad), broadest before middle, strongly punctured ; elytra and abdomen
together short oval, convex, the former longer than together broad,
strongly punctured, the latter short ; legs testaceous or reddish, tarsi
lighter. L. 12-13 mm.
Male with the two basal joints of the antenne thickened, the first
armed with a small dentiform appendage on its internal apex, femora
simple.
In moss, dead leaves, &c.; local but somewhat widely distributed, end in some
localities not uncommon ; London district, not common ; Shirley Mickleham, Cater-
ham, Croydon; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon ; Midland counties, generally
distributed; common in the Burton-on-Trent district ; Lincoln, rather common ;
Northumberland and Durham districts, not uncommon; Scotland, Lowlands and
Highlands, not rare, Solway, Tweed, Forth, Clyde, and Dee districts; Ireland,
Armagh.
B. validus, Aubé. Very like the preceding, but distinguished by the
characters of the male, which has the first joint of the antenne slightly
shorter and without a dentiform appendage at apex, the femora strongly
thickened, and the tibiae robust, the posterior pair being of equal breadth
throughout; the thorax is rather broader in proportion than in the pre-
ceding species, and the colour, as a rule, is said to be darker, but this is
by no means a reliable character, as it is variable. L. 14 mm.
Found under the same circumstances as B. punceticollis, and apparently widely
distributed, and mixcd with that species in collections ; in Dr. Sharp’s collection there
Bythinus. | CLAVICORNIA. 91
are specimens from Bishop’s Wood, and Hampstead, as well as from several Scotch
localities (Cramond, Corstorphine Hills, Dalmeney Park, Dabton Loch, banks of
Nith, &e.) ; I have specimens from Bretby Wood near Repton. M. Fauvel (Revue
d’Kntomologie, vol. v., p. 286) says that he possesses specimens from Scotland, and
that it is without doubt widely distributed in France, but confounded with B. puncti-
collis ; it is evidently the insect referred to by Denny (I. ec. p. 26) as the female of
Arcopagus puncticollis, of which he says ‘‘ thighs very thick in the female.’
B. bulbifer, Reich. (Arcopagus bulbifer, Denny). Black with the
antennz palpi and legs red; head triangular with prominent eyes;
antenne with the second joint cylindrical in both sexes, palpi long,
with the last joint securiform, broader than in B. Curtisi’, but narrower
than in B. securiger and B. Burrellii ; thorax shining and finely pubes-
cent, about as long as broad ; elytra strongly punctured ; abdomen short,
about half as long as elytra ; legs moderate, femora simple in both sexes.
L. 14-15 mm.
Male with the anterior tibiz armed on their interior side with a minute
and indistinct tooth before apex, and the first joint of antenne obsoletely
subdentate internally at apex; the difference of the antenne in the sexes
is however very slight.
In marshy places, damp places in woods, &¢., in moss and dead leaves ; the common.
est species of the genus and often abundant where it occurs ; it appears to be generally
distributed throughout the greater part of the kingdom; immature specimens are
often reddish.
B. Curtisii, Denny (hungaricus, Reitter). Ferruginous-brown or
reddish, with the antenne, palpi, and legs lighter; head rather long,
antenne robust, palpi with the last joint elongate, dilated internally and
secwiform, thorax a little broader than long, convex, cordate, widest
before middle, base narrowed, with an impressed semicircular line ; elytra
rather strongly punctured with a somewhat deep sutural stria; abdomen
short; legs rather longer in male than in female, femora simple in both
sexes. L. 12-14. mm.
Male with the clypeus armed with a very small horn or prominence,
antenne with the first joint simple, and the second globose with a
distinct prominence on its inner side.
In rotten beech bark, moss, dead leaves, &e.; local; London district, rather
common; Chatham, Birch Wood, Cobham, Shirley, Ashtead, Mickleham, Caterham,
Coombe Wood, Cowley, Amberley, Croydon ; Hastings ; Glanvilles Wootton ; New
Forest; Devon; Midland districts, generally distributed; rarer further north;
Ripon ; Northumberland and Durham districts, scarce ; Scotland, rare, Solway district
only.
B. securiger, Reich. (wnicornis, Aubé). Pitchy-brown, sometimes
reddish-brown ; antennz and legs lighter; head subtriangular, deeply
punctured, antenne robust, palpi with the last joint Jarge and broad,
securiform ; thorax somewhat broader than long, convex, obsoletely punc-
tured ; elytra thickly punctured, shining, and finely pubescent, with the
suture a little elevated and an impressed line on each side ; abdomen
short, first two joints with the margin reflexed ; legs moderate, femora
and tibiz simple in both sexes. L. 14 mm.
92 CLAVICORNIA. [ Bythinus.
Male with the first joint of the antenne cylindrical, simple, second
joint strongly dilated, broader than long, securiform, with the internal
apical angle acute and produced ; female with the first joint one anda
half times as long as broad, second joint not narrower than first, sub-
quadrate.
In moss, dead leaves, &c.; rare; Horsell, near Woking (Power) ; Bromley, Kent
(KE. Saunders); Hastings ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Isle of Wight ; Barmonth; Buddon
Wood, Leicestershire ; Repton ; Scarborough ; Northumberland district, Ravensworth,
and near Gilsland ; Scotland, rare, Solway and Tay districts.
B. Burrellii, Denny (luniger, Aubé). Very like the preceding but
of a pitchy-black or black colour, with the thorax less dilated before
middle and more obsoletely punctured ; the palpi much resemble those of
the pieces species, but have the ast joint a little more rounded at
apex ; the species may, however, be at once recognized by the characters
of the antenne in the male, the second joint being distinctly longer than
broad, and crescent-shaped, with the concave portion of the crescent
facing inwards, and both the interior angles acute; in the female the
first joint is scarcely longer than the second, subcylindrical, and some-
what globose. L. 14-15 mm.
In moss, dead leaves, &c.; rare; Faversham, Mickleham, Caterham, Esher, High-
gate, Amberley, Birch Wood, Cowley, Bromley, Croydon ; Norfolk; Repton ; Ripon ;
Hartlepool; Scotland, rare, Solway and Clyde districts; Denny (1. c. p. 23) records
that the species was first discovered in the latter part of April, 1824, near Lethering-
sett, in Norfolk, by the Rev. J. Burrell, after whom he named it; from the localities
above mentioned it is evident that the insect is widely distributed, and this is probably
the case with a very large number of our minuter Coleoptera which at present are
recorded from only one or two localities ; when a species hus occurred in the South of
England, the Midland districts, and in Scotland, a fair inference may be drawn as to
its occurrence in intermediate localities.
BATRISUS, Aubé.
This genus contains at present about a hundred species, which are
widely distributed over the world ; ; they differ from Bryaxis and its
allies in the fact that the tarsi are furnished with two unequal claws, and
they have, therefore, been separated off with certain allied genera by
some authors as a separate tribe Batrisina; they are among the most
elegant of the Pselaphide, and most of them are brightly coloured ; they
seem, in great part at least, to be found in company with ants; there is
only one British species, which is usually considered very rare, but
sometimes occurs in considerable numbers in certain localities.
B. venustus; Reich. (piceus, Muls.). Rather elongate, light chest-
nut-brown~ or reddish, with the abdomen pitchy, convex ; head rather
large as broad as thorax with two deep furrows, rugosely punctured ;
antenne rather long, last joint large terminating in a point; palpi with
the last joint elongate, somewhat fusiform ; thorax scarcely longer
than broad, broadest before middle, with lateral furrows which appear to
Batrisus.] CLAVICORNIA, 93
separate off callose prominences on sides in front, and with fine central
furrow, the three furrows terminating in punctures at base, which are
situated in a semicircular line; elytra much broader than thorax, convex,
broadest behind middle, finely and very obsoletely punctured with an
entire sutural stria and a very short dorsal stria, humeral prominences
distinct ; abdomen about as long as etytra very finely punctured; legs
red, femora thickened in middle, tibize thinner at base. L. 2 mm.
Male with the last two joints of antenne larger than in female, the
ninth being obliquely truncate at apex, and the intermediate femora with
a very minute spinule in middle ; the last ventral segment of abdomen
also in this sex is foveolate.
In ants’ nests, usually in old trees ; also in rotten wood-mould of old oak, ash, and
beech trees ; local andasarule rare; Ashtead, Surrey (Champion) ; Loughton, Essex ;
Birch Wood and Parley Oaks (Power); Barham, Suffolk; New Forest; Bagots
Park, Staffordshire, and near Gainsborough (Gorham) ; Sherwood Forest (Blatch) ;
Shrewsbury ; Ripon; I have taken it at Sherwood Forest in a nest of Formica fuli-
ginosa in an old tree, and at Ulting, near Maldon, Essex, in an old oak stump with
pais Abreus, &c.; it appears also to occur with Pormica rufi avd Lasius
rUunneUs,
RYBAXTS, Saulcy.
This genus, which has until recently been included under Bryazis,
comprises a considerable number of species which are widely distributed
throughout the world ; it is distinguished from Bryaxis hy having the
inflexed margin of the elytra longitudinally suleate, by the sculpture of
the thorax, and by the structure of the apex of the elytra in male; in
our species the male has the antennae much longer than in the female ;
it was therefore described as a separate species by Denny.
R. sanguinea, L. (longicornis, § Denny). Black or pitchy-black,
shining, palpi testaceous, antenne and legs reddish or pitchy-red, elytra
bright red with suture, base and apex usually more or less darker; head
somewhat narrower than thorax with deep furrows, almost impunctate ;
antenne long, fifth joint longer than those contiguous to it; thorax
somewhat variable in larger and smaller specimens, but usually much
broader than head, broadest before middle, with three equal fovee at
base connected by a furrow; elytra as long as together broad with a
sutural and dorsal stria ; abdomen black and shining, first visible dorsal
segment longest, with two impressed lines in centre, the margin a little
reflexed, apex obtuse; legs long, slender, and rather compressed, tarsi
pale. L. 12-235 mm.
Male with the antennz longer, and with the anterior tibia armed with
a small tooth on their inner-side a little below the middle, and sinuated
towards apex.
Marshy places—in flood refuse, at roots of. grass, &e. ; locally common; Lee,
Strood, Sheerness, Snodland, Egham, Claygate; Dagenham, Essex; fen districts of
Norfolk and Cambridgeshire, sometimes very abundant; Kingsgate; Folkestone ;
94 CLAVICORNIA. [ Bryaris.
Guestling, near Hastings; Portsmouth; Luccomle Chine, Isle of Wight; Devon;
not recorded from the Midland or Northern Counties; the only Scotch record
“ Raehills, Rev. W. Little;’? Murray’s Cat., is probably erroneous; Ireland, near
Belfast.
BRYAXIS, Leach.
This genus in its widest sense includes a large number of species ;
more than a hundred are enumerated in the Munich catalogue, and a
considerable number have since been described; they appear to be
generally distributed throughout the world; they are, as a rule, black
with bright red elytra, or entirely reddish, but some species are uni-
colorous pitchy-brown or blackish ; they are found, like so many of the
others of the group, in moss, at roots of grass, &c., and sometimes are
taken abundantly by sweeping; from Batrisus they are distinguished
(together with Rybaxis) by the fact that the tarsi have only a single claw,
and from Bythinus by the much shorter and less conspicuous maxillary
palpi of which the last joint is about as long as the two preceding.
I. Thorax at base with three equally large and deep
fover.
i. Anterior trochanters of male simple; elytra red,
thorax and abdomen reddish or Pr size
comparatively large. . se B WaAtTERHOUSE!, Rye.
ii. Anterior trochanters of male | more or less strongly
toothed.
1. Colour euanuae Deeg ae size Coan:
tively larg: ‘ B. FossuLatTa, Reich.
2. Colour aeebe “black, ely tra red or reddish- brown ; ;
size smaller.
A. Male with first visible segment of abdomen with
a tubercle at apex surrounded behind with a
semicircular fovea; form broader; abdomen
more closely and distinctly punctured . . . . B. HELFERI, Schmidt.
B. Male with first visible segment of abdomen
simple; form narrower; abdomen less thickly
punctured . . es CORUS mS cular.
3. Colour entirely red, “elytra brighter ; “male with
the apical margin of the first visible dorsal
segment dilated “at each side and incised in the
middle . . . B. HHaMATICA, Reich.
II. Thorax with three fovex at base of which the middle
one is extremely small.
i. Colour entirely red, elytra brighter ; head and thorax
thickly punctured; size smaller. . . . . . . . 3B. duNcoruM, Leach.
ii. Colour black, elytra bright red; head and thorax
smooth, very obsoletely punctured; size larger . . B. IMpRESsA, Panz.
B. Waterhousei, Rye (simplex, Wat.). Rather a large and long
species, of the size of R. sanyuinea; lighter or darker pitchy-red cr dark
brown with a reddish tinge, with the elytra red, usually darker at
margins ; head subtriangular, rather broad ; antenne and palpi pitchy,
last joint of the former ovate ; thorax broader than head, much dilated
in middle, smooth, with three equally large foveze at base; elytra taken
Bryaxis. | CLAVICORNIA. 95
together somewhat transverse, widened behind, impunctate ; abdomen
longer than elytra, with reflexed margins, first visible segment very long,
simple in both sexes; legs ferruginous or fusco-testaceous, anterior
trochanters simple in both sexes. L. 2 mm.
Male characters very slight, the sex being only distinguished by a
small spine at the apex of the mtermediate tibie.
Salt marshes at roots of grass, under stones, tidal refuse, &e.; also under stones on
or near the shore; local, but sometimes not uncommon where it occurs; Rochester,
Rainham. Strood, Southend, Sheerness, Whitstable ; Rye; Newhaven; Portsmouth ;
Isle of Wight, Ventnor, Luccombe, Cowes, &c. ; Weymouth; it has not occurred
further north than the London district.
B. fossulata, Reich. (Brachyjlita fossulata, Thoms.). This species
is easily distinguished from all our others by its colour, which is entirely
pitchy-brown or dark chestnut-brown, the elytra being sometimes a little
lighter; head narrower than thorax, with large prominent eyes, sub-
triangular; antenne and palpi ferruginous, last joint of former large, oval ;
thorax shining, smooth, dilated in middle, with three large fovez of equal
size at base; elytra nearly quadrate shorter than abdomen ; abdomen
with reflexed margin smooth and shining, first visible dorsal segment the
largest, simple in both sexes ; legs ferruginous. i. 2 mm:
Male with the anterior trochanters with a short tooth, and the anterior
and intermediate tibize with short apical spurs.
In moss, haystack refuse, &e., and often by sweeping in woods; generally dis-
tributed and common in the London, Southern, and Midland districts of England ;
rarer further north ; Northumberland district, banks of the Irthing, rare ;
Scotland, Lowlands, local in marshes, Solway and Clyde districts; Ireland, Armagh,
V. rufescens, Reitter. This variety 1s more or less rufescent in
colour and appears to be very rare; Denny (I. c. p. 38), records the fact
that he has one in his possession: there is also a bright shining black
variety (B. aterrima, Reitter), but I do not know whether it occurs in
Britain.
B. Helferi, Schmidt. Black or pitch-black with the elytra red,
darker at margins, antennz, palpi, and legs pitchy, sometimes almost
black ; form rather short and broad; head large, together with eyes
scarcely narrower than thorax ; antenne rather long, last joint large, oval ;
thorax slightly broader than long, broadest a little before middle, with
three large equal fovew at base ; elytra much broader than thorax, widened
towards apex, about as long as together broad, obsoletely punctured ;
abdomen shorter than elytra, margined, closely punctured. L. 14-13 mm.
Male with the first visible dorsal segment with a tubercle in centre
of apex, surrounded behind with a semicircular fovea ; anterior trochan-
ters armed with long and very sharp spines, intermediate tibia with
long spurs just before apex on their inner side.
Salt marshes, in tidal refuse, under stones, &c.; local but sometimes in profusion
where it occurs; Gravesend, Whitstable, Chatham, Sheerness, Southend, Strood,
96 CLAVICORNIA. [ Bryaais.
Dulwich ; Walton-on-Naze; Kingsgate; Bognor, in profusion ; Newhaven ; Hastings ;
Shoreham ; Portland and neighbourhood, plentiful by sweeping; Glanvilles Wooton ;
it appears to be confined to the south-eastern and southern coasts,
B. cotus, Sauley (=B. Lefebvrici, Sharp’s cat. Ist ed. nec Aubé). This
species very closely resembles the preceding, but is of a somewhat longer
and narrower form, and has the abdomen less closely punctured ; it may
also be known by the fact that the first visible segment of the abdomen
is simple in both sexes and not tuberculate at apex in the male; it is
very closely allied to B. Lefebvriei, and the specimens first taken in
Britain were referred to that insect. L. 15 mm.
On the banks of rivers, very local; Scotland, Solway district, in sandy places by
the Nith and Kew; it appears to be peculiar to Scotland.
B. hematica, Reich. (emarginata, Forst.; Brachygluta hematica,
Thoms). Entirely rufous, with the palpi reddish-testaceous, elytra
brighter; head triangular, smooth and shining, frontal fovee deep ;
antennz moderately long, last joint ovate ; thorax about as broad as long,
smooth and shining, widest before middle, rather gradually narrowed to
base, with three large equal basal fovew ; elytra nearly quadrate, scarcely
visibly punctured ; abdomen as long as elytra, margined, smooth and
shining ; legs reddish, tarsi paler. L, 1{-2 mm.
Male with the trochanters and tibiz simple and the first visible dorsal
segment produced in a lobe on each side at apical margin, the space
between the lobes being more or less deeply emarginate ; this character
is variable, the lobes being sometimes rounded, and sometimes rather
sharp; occasionally on the upper surface of each lobe there is a more
or less deep fovea, and sometimes the emargination between the lobes is
bidenticulate: Aubé has named three varicties as sinwata, perforata,
and bidenticulata.
Marshy places; in flood refuse, &e.; local, but occasionally abundant; more fre-
quent about the banks of large rivers than elsewhere ; Chatham, Barnes, Egham,
Staines, Walton-on-Thames; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton ; New Forest ; Barnstaple,
Devon (recorded as taken in company with Formica flava and Myrmica rubra) ;
Salford Priors; Tewkesbury ; Hartlebury, Worcestershire ; Repton ; Church Stretton,
&e., Cheshire ; Stretford, near Manchester, at roots of trees in winter; banks of
Mersey; Northumberland district, banks of the Irthing, rare; Scotland, very rare;
has only occurred in the Solway district at the estuary of the Nith below New Abbey ;
Ireland, Galway (Walker).
B. juncorum, Leach. (Dierobia juncorum, Thoms.). This insect in
colour and general appearance very closely resembles a small specimen of
the preceding, but may at once be known by having the central basal
fovea of the thorax minute and much smaller than the lateral ones which
are large; its general form is shorter and broader in proportion, and the
headand thorax, especially the latter, are thickly and distinctly punctured ;
the elytra and abdomen also are finely punctured, the punctuation being
distinctly visible under a high magnifying power; in the male the an-
terior trochanters are armed with a short spine and the intermediate ones
Bryaxis. | CLAVICORNIA. 97
with a larger spine ; in this sex also the anterior tibie are acutely dentate
on their inner side before apex, and the intermediate pair are furnished
with a spur at apex. L. 1-13 mm.
In moss, flood refuse, by sweeping, &e. ; generally distributed and common through-
out England ; recor ded as common in the "Northumberland district by Bold; Scotland,
Lowlands, in ‘sphagnum, very local, Tweed and Solway districts ; Ireland, near Dublia
and Belfast.
B. impressa, Panz. (Dierobia impressa, Thoms.). Black or pitch-
black, shining, with the elytra bright red, with suture and margins some-
times darker, palpi testaceous, antenne and legs pitchy, tibia “and. tarsi
lighter than femora ; head and thorax impunctate or almost impunctate,
the latter with the central of the three basal foveze minute ; this character
will easily distinguish it from all our other species except B. juncorum,
from which it may at once be known by its colour; elytra about as long
as together broad, hardly visibly punctured; abdomen shorter than
ely tra, margined, the segments becoming gradually narrower towards apex.
L. 13 6 mm.
Male with the intermediate coxa spinose, trochanters simple, inter-
mediate tibiz with distinct spurs.
tn haystack refuse, moss, refuse on the banks of ponds, &e.; local, but sometimes
abundant where it occurs; London district, not common, Lee, Woking, Eltham,
Strood, Tottenham, Dagenham ; New Forest; Shirley Warren, Southampton; The
Holt, Farnham ; Coleshill near Birmingham, in abundance ; Needwood Forest, near
Burton-on-Trent ; Askham Bog, York ; not recorded from the Northumberland and
Durham districts, and very doubtful as Scottish, the only record being ‘ Raehills,
Rev. W. Little,” Murray’s catalogue. I also feel some little doubt as regards the
record from Askham Bog.
- EUPLECTINA.
This tribe, which forms the second great division of our British
Pselaphidz, contains about fourteen or fifteen European genera of which
four are indigenous ; one of these, Bzbloperus, has usually been classed
with Euplec tus ; ; they differ from the Pselaphina in having the posterior
coxe conical, prominent, and contiguous, and in their more or less linear
form, but this latter character is not so marked in Trichonyx as in our
other three genera; the four British genera may be distinguished as
follows :—
I. Tarsi with two unequal claws . . . .. =. =. =. . TRICHONYX, Chaud.
If. Tarsi with a single claw,
i, Abdomen with the first visible dorsal segment of
abdomen elongate ; last joint of antenne very large ;
form more convex . ; . . . TRiImiIum, Aubé.
_ Abdomen with the first visible dorsal seginent not
longer than second ; last joint of antenne “moderate ;
form more depressed.
1. Head distinctly narrower than thorax . . . . . BrsBtoprorus, Thoms.
2. Head not narrower than thorax . . . . . . . EKupLectrus, Leach.
VOL. III. H
98 CLAVICORNIA, [ Trichonyx
TRICHCNYS, Chaudoir.
This genus in its widest sense comprises about eight or nine European
species, of which two are British. Reitter, however, has formed a new
genus, Amauronyx, to receive 7. Maerkelit and three other European
species, which differ from Zrichonyx proper in the relative Jength of the
abdominal segments ; both our indigenous species are very rare ; they are
distinguished from the other members of the tribe Euplectina by the fact
that the tarsi have two very unequal claws; the continental genus Fa-
ronus, Which is not represented in Britain, has the tarsi furnished with
two equal claws, while in Huplectus and its allies the claws are single.
The species of Trichonyx are found, as a rule, in company with -
ants.
I. First visible dorsal segment of abdomen elongate, much
longer than the second; form narrower and more
linear ; elytra obsoletely and not closely punctured . . TT, MaErRKELII, Aubé.
II. First visible dorsal segment not elongate, only slightly
longer than second; form broader and less linear ;
elytra very closely and finely punctured. . . . . . T. sutciconzis, Reich.
T. Maerkelii, Aubé (Amauronyx Maerkelii, Reitter). Elongate,
slightly convex, entirely rufo-testaccous or ferruginous, sparingly pubes-
cent ; head as broad as thorax, subtriangular, with deep frontal furrows,
eyes not large or prominent ; antenna rather long and robust, penulti-
mate joints transverse, last joint large, ovate, subacuminate at apex ;
thorax longer than broad, dilated in front, broadest before middle, and
narrowed to base, impunctate, with a central channel, and three fovez at
base connected by an impressed line ; elytra almost double as long as
thorax, obsoletely punctured, with a deep dorsal stria extending beyond
middle of disc ; abdomen with the first visible dorsal segment elongate ;
legs rather long, reddish testaceous, L, 2 mm.
Male with the trochanters of the intermediate legs furnished with a
small blunt tooth.
In moss, dead leaves, under stones, &c.; usually in company with ants; rare;
Mickleham (Champion); Esher (Power); Seaford, Devon, August, 1865 (Water-
house), in company with B. glabratus and a small yellow Myrmica; Guestling near
Hastings ; Eastbourne (Waterhouse) ; Sandown, Isle of Wight, April, 1884, where I
captured three specimens, in company with ants, under stones (one specimen of B.
glabratus occurred at the same time) ; Freshwater (Gorham) ; Scarborough (Lawson);
the late Mr. Garneys captured one specimen by sifting dead leaves in winter, I
believe in Suffolk.
T. sulcicollis, Reich. The largest and finest of our indigenous
Pselaphide ; entirely rufescent, moderately shiny, with thick and
short yellowish pubescence ; head narrower than thorax, eyes not large,
moderately prominent, antenne rather long, all the joints with the
exception of the penultimate longer than broad; thorax transverse,
Trichonyx. | CLAVICORNIA. 99
widest before middle, scarcely visibly punctured, with three fovex at base
united by a transverse furrow, elytra much wider at apex than at base,
with rather strong reflexed margins, finely and thickly punctured,
shoulders prominent, with a deep dorsal stria hardly reaching middle ;
abdomen with the first visible dorsal segment scarcely longer than
second, with strongly reflexed margins, finely but distinctly punctured ;
legs rather long, reddish-testaceous, L. 3 mm.
Male with the femora and intermediate tibia somewhat thickened, the
latter with a short strong spur at apex, 6th ventral segment of abdomen
emargmate,
Very rare; under bark of old elm stumps in company with ants, Lee, Kent
(Douglas and Scott); York (Hutchinson, one specimen); Nettlecomb, Somerset,
under oak bark, August, 1866 (Power, one specimen).
TRIMIUM, Aubé.
This genus contains about a dozen European species, and is also
represented in India and North America; it much resembles Huplectus,
but is more convex and less linear, the head and thorax being narrower
than the elytra and abdomen; two species have been described as
British, but they have since been proved to be the sexes of one
insect.
@T. brevicorne, Reich. (2 Urevipenne, Chaud.; latipenne, Tourn. ;
Chevriert, Tourn. ; Huplectus brevicornis, Denny, &c.) Elongate, rather
convex, varying in colour from reddish-chestnut brown to rufous, very
finely pubescent ; head hardly as broad as thorax, very finely punctured,
with two short converging frontal furrows ; antenne short and robust,
with the last joint very large ; thorax longer than broad, cordiform, with
three small equally deep foveee at base, which are connected by a fine
furrow ; elytra plainly broader than thorax, varying in length according
to sex, narrowed in front and widened behind, broadest a little behind
middle, with a sutural and dorsal stria, the latter being very short ;
abdomen as broad as apex of elytra, parallel-sided, plainly margined, legs
moderately long, lighter or darker reddish-testaceous. LL. 14 mm.
Male usually darker than female, with the thorax and elytra longer,
the latter being rather longer taken together than their breadth at apex ;
the third ventral segment also of the abdomen is slightly foveate on each
side and the anal segment flatly impressed.
Female usually lighter with the thorax and elytra shorter, the latter
being not quite so long as together broad (7. brevipenne, Chaud.).
In moss, dead leaves, &c.; not a rare species in north and middle Europe generally,
but extremely local in Britain; Stephens records it as having been taken within
the metropolitan district, and in Norfolk, Suffolk and Lincolnshire; the only recent
loeality that I know of is Scarborough, where it has been tuken in some numbers by
Messrs. Lawson and Wilkinson.
H 2
100 CLAVICORNIA. [ Bibloporus.
BIBLOPORWS, Thomson.
This genus, separated from Huplectus by Thomson, contains two or
three European species, which are distinguished by having the head much
narrower than the thorax, and by the fact that the basal fovee of the
thorax are not united by a transverse furrow; the segments of the ab-
domen are subequal in leneth ; our single species very much resembles
E. nigricans at first sight, and is found under the same conditions and
in the same localities.
B. bicolor, Denny (g/abriculus, Gyll.). Pitch-black or deep black,
shining, with the mouth, antenna, and legs reddish-testaceous, head
plainly narrower than thorax with deep frontal furrows or fovex ; thorax
broader than long, with sides much dilated and rounded in front, and
much narrowed behind; elytra considerably broader and longer than
thorax, rather convex and dilated, with a short but distinct dorsal stria ;
abdomen with depressions at base of first segment of thorax very shallow.
L. 1-11 mm.
Male with the intermediate femora strongly thickened, and armed
with a small sharp spine at base, intermediate tibiz dilated in the form
of a strong triangular tooth, last ventral segment raised; metasternum
channelled in both sexes, but more deeply in male.
Under bark of oak, birch, beech, &c.; local; London district, not common, Chatham,
Bexley, Brasted, Sevenoaks, Cobham, Loughton, Bearsted, Hampstead, Highgate,
Dean Forest ; Midland districts, locally abundant (Blatch); Bewdley and Sherwood
Forests; Cannock Chase; Sutton Park, Birmingham; Hopwas Wood, Tamworth
(very abundant under bark of oak-trees infested by Rhagium inquisiior) ; Scotland,
under bark of dead birch, rare, Forth, Tay and Dee districts.
EUPLECTUWS, Leach.
This is one of the hardest genera in the whole range of the Coleoptera,
and the differences are often so minute that it is impossible to know
how many species it really contains ; forty-five only are enumerated in
the Munich catalogue, which are widely distributed over the surface of the
world, but it is certain that the genus 1s much more extensive than is at
present known ; there are about thirty European species belonging to the
genus Huplectus proper ; of these eleven are found in Britain; they are
easily known by their very long and quite linear shape, and their very mi-
nute size ; they are found in hot-beds, heaps of cut grass, and other vege-
table refuse, and some species occur under bark or in rotten wood; they
are very sluggish in their movements, and this, coupled with their small
size, causes them often to be passed over by collectors unless they are very
carefully searched for; their colour is bright rufous or castaneous, or
dark pitchy-black ; I have paid . considerable attention to this genus, and
in company with Mr. Garneys, of Repton, was fortunate enough to find,
Enplectus.] CLAVICORNIA. 101
in June, 1879, the rare species HL. minutissimus, Aubé, in large numbers
in flood refuse at Repton; this species was then unknown to Britain,
and rare on the continent; the collector, however, who has in recent
years given most work to the British Euplecti, is Mr. W. G. Blatch,
whose arrangement I have in the main followed, and to whose valuable
monograph on the genus (published in the Entomologists’ Monthly
Magazine, for February, 1886) I am much indebted, as I am also to
Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s monograph which appeared in the Transactions
of the Entomological Society, Vol. I. 3rd Series, Part IT.
The species of Huplectus are distinguished from Trichonyx and the
continental genus Faronus by the fact that the tarsi have only a single
claw ; the sexual differences, as a rule, are unimportant, but are very
marked in one or two cases.
I. Abdomen with a more or less sharply defined de-
pressed area in the middle of base of the two first
visible dorsal segments; dorsal strive on elytra
distinct, and reaching more or less nearly to
middle.
i, Colour lighter, red, or rufo-testaceous.
1. Head with a distinct basal fovea; length 2mm. E. Kunzer, Aubé,
2. Head without any distinct basal fovea; length
less than 2 mm.
A. Antenne longer; size larger; frontal fur-
rows broader. . EK. Duvonti, Aubé.
B. Antenne shorter; size Arcilla: "frontal fare
rows narrower and more curved . .. .
a. Head and thorax more or less strongly
punctured throughout; head broader.
a* Thorax less narrowed behind; the two
large frontal punctures on the head not
situated close to side margins . . . KE. puncratus, Mule.
b* Thorax more narrowed behind; the two
large frontal punctures on the head
situated close to the hind margins. . . KE, Karstent, Reich.
b. Head punctured only at sides above eyes ;
thorax not, or scarcely punctured; head
narrower . . : E. SIGNATUS, Reich.
. Colour darker, pitchy- black, brownish- red, or cas-
taneous.
A. Head with a distinct basal fovea. . . . . HE, NANUS, Reich.
B. Head without any distinct basal fovea
a. Antenne shorter; head longer in proportion
to its width (usual habitat in hot-beds and
decaying grass heaps). . . E. SANGUINEUS, Denny.
b. Antennz longer; head shorter i in propor tion
to its width ; (usual habitat under bark and
in decaying wood). .... .. .-.- SH. PICEUS, Mots.
(nigricans, Chaud.)
II. Abdomen without any distinct depressed area at the
base of the first two visible dorsal segments; dorsal
striz on elytra very short or entirely absent.
i. Elytra with short dorsal striz; colour rufo-tes-
taceous; length 13-1, mm... .. . . + HE, NUBIGENA, Reitler.
102 CLAVICORNIA, [ Huplectus.
ii. Elytra without dorsal striz ; length not execeding
1 mm.
1. Colour pitch-brown; form broader; elytra
almost impunctate; female with apex of
abdomen simple 6 OG Oo & & Gn AS AANaenehonuich Ji arecn
2. Colour rufous or rufo-castaneous ; form narrower
and more linear; elytra plaixly punctured ;
apex of abdomen in female armed with a long
pomted process= s 3. 3) 3 3 . 2. 6 HE. MINUTISSIMUS, Aube,
B. Hunzei, Aubé (Abeille?, Saulcy?). The largest of our species ;
rufo-testaceous, with the elytra sometimes lighter; finely pubescent ;°
head large, broader than thorax, with the sides rounded behind eyes
which are small, vertex with a distinct fovea; antennee moderately long,
thorax cordate, about as broad as long, with three fovez at base, con-
nected by a deep transverse furrow, the central of which is the smallest ;
elytra together longer than broad, impunctate ; abdomen broad and sub-
depressed, the two first visible dorsal segments each with a depressed
area in the middle of base, the area being bounded on each side by a
slender groove, which grooves are not parallel, but diverge towards apex.
L. 2 mm.
Male with the 5th ventral seement of abdomen with an oblong im-
pression in middle of base, 6th segment widely emarginate at apex, and
bearing on each side a tubercle tufted with long whitish hairs, abdomen
with sides clothed with rather long hairs.
In moss, dead leaves, &c.; rare; Esher (Power); Sevenoaks, Caterham, Dorking,
Shirley (Champion); Greenhithe, Wandsworth and Hampstead (Waterhouse ;
>
Darenth Wood (Power and Waterhouse; Mr. Waterhouse’s specimen occurred in the
sawdust of a recently felled oak); Bearsted (Gorham); Cobham Park; Birdbrook
(Power).
Dr. Sharp possesses two specimens of a Huplectus from Mickleham,
which were named by M. de Saulcy #. Abeillei (apparently a new species,
as it is mentioned in the European catalogue as from Britain alone) ;
these specimens must, I think, be referred to LH. Kunzet.
E. Duponti,; Aubé. Rather a large and depressed rufo-testaceous
species with the head broad at the sides ; the head is rather smaller than
in #. Kunze?, and is more contracted and rounded behind the eyes, which
are a little more prominent; head, thorax, and elytra almost impunc-
tate in male, punctured in female; antenne longer than in the following
species ; thorax at broadest somewhat broader than long, with a central
cuannel, and with the three foveze at base connected by a rudi-
mentary groove; elytra longer than together broad with the dorsal
strie nearly reaching middle; abdomen with depressions at base of
first segment feebler than n the preceding species and with the grooves
at each side parallel-sided ; legs stouter, with all the tibize armed with
a small spurat apex. L. 12mm.
Male more shining than female, with the head only punctured at the
Euplectus.] CLAVICORNIA. 103
sides, and thorax and elytra almost impunctate ; female duller, with the
head thickly and plainly, and the thorax and elytra moderately thickly,
punctured; in the male the last ventral segment of the abdomen is
transversely depressed.
In rotten bark of beech, &c.; very rare; Scarborough (R. Lawson, who first cap-
tured the species in Britain) ; Strood (J. J. Walker in company with B, bicolor).
E. punctatus, Muls. Rufo-testaceous, with antenne and legs
lighter ; head large, but rather short (being double as broad, including
the eyes, as the length from the front margin of forehead to the margin
of vertex), thickly punctured, very wide across the eyes, the forehead
being strongly transverse, frontal furrows obsolete ; thorax scarcely nar-
rower than the head, and more finely punctured, although the punctuation
is rather close and distinct ; dorsal furrow plain, often reaching the basal
fovea ; elytra very finely and scarcely visibly punctured, longer than
together broad ; abdomen narrower than elytra with basal depressions on
first segments narrow and feeble. L. 12-1} mm.
Male with the penultimate ventral segment of abdomen broadly
emarginate at apex, and narrow in middle, last segment strongly foveo-
late ; in this sex also the intermediate tibiz are furnished with a spur
at apex; in the female the last ventral segment is feebly foveolate.
In rotten wood under bark ; it is also said to occur under dead leaves; rare, and
almost entirely confined to the Midlands ; Sherwood Forest (in some numbers); Dean
» and Bewdley Forests; Cannock Chase; Knowle; Salford Priors, Warwickshire ;
Bretby Wood, near Repton; Ialso have records from Ashtead, Surrey, and from the
New Forest.
E. Karsteni, Reich. Very like the preceding, with the same
short broad head, and with the head and thorax punctured, the former,
however, not so distinctly as in H. punctatus ; the forehead, however, is
less strongly transverse than in the latter species, and has the two large
frontal punctures placed close to the side margin, a character which, as
Mr. Blatch points out, is apparently peculiar to the species ; the thorax
is much more strongly narrowed towards base, and the male characters
are different ; this species is often mixed with H. signatus in collections,
with which it is often taken in company, but this latter species may
easily be distinguished by its longer and narrower head (which is hardly
as broad as thorax), and by having the head punctured only at the sides,
and the thorax almost impunctate. L. 1-14 mm.
Male with the fourth ventral segment of abdomen foveolate on both
sides, and the space between bisinuate ; fifth, transversely foveolate ;
sixth, widely emarginate at apex ; anal segment with two or three more
or less obsolete fovez.
In haystack refuse, cut grass, dung-heaps, &c.; it also sometimes occurs under the
bark of dead trees; Strood, Caterham, Mickleham, Ashtead, Shirley, Wandsworth,
Putney, Loughton, Cobham Park, Twickenham, Esher, &c.; Glanvilles Wootton ;
104 CLAVICORNIA. [ Kuplectus
Midland Counties, generally distributed, Birmingham district, Sherwood and Bewdley
Forests, Repton, Cannock Chase, &e.; Scotland, rare, Forth district only; Ireland,
near Dublin; it appears to be widely distributed but never very common.*
BE. signatus, Reich. Rufo-testaceous, with the head not broader
than the thorax, and longer in proportion than in /. Karsten, from
which species it is, however, distinguished by its punctuation, and by
having the two large frontal punctures situated at some little distance
from the margins ; the depressions of the abdomen are deeper ; it is
most closely allied to H#. sanguineus, from which it only differs in its
colour, its rather smaller size, and in having the lateral thoracie foveze
a little shallower. L. 1-14 mm.
Male with the penultimate ventral segment foveolate in the middle,
and furnished on each side of the fovea with a sharp tubercle ; inter-
mediate tibize with a small spur at apex.
In moss, haystack and vegetable refuse, cut grass, dung-heaps, &c.; rarely under
bark, and in ants’ nests ; local, but common in some districts ; London district, rather
common; Hastings, and probably the South Coast generally ; Falmouth ; Midland
districts generally distributed ; it used to be very common in my hot-bed at Repton ;
Mr. Blatch records the occurrence of two specimens under bark in Sherwood Forest ;
Scotland, rare, in nests of the wood ant, 'I'weed, Forth, and Moray districts ; this and
other species are probably much more widely distributed than is at present known,
as the Huplecti have been systematically neglected by many collectors owing to the
difficulty of their determination.
E.nanus, Reich. (Reichenbachi, Denny ; Kirby’, Denny). Colour
rather variable, pitchy-castaneous, or reddish-brown, often with the
front parts pitchy and the abdomen reddish, antennez and legs lighter ;
occasionally the elytra only are dark and the rest of the body red ;
pubescence rather long; upper surface finely punctured throughout ;
head as broad as thorax, with a distinct basal fovea (a character which
will separate it from all its near allies), frontal furrows deep, converging,
but variable, sometimes taking the form of a Y and sometimes of a U ;
thorax a little broader than long at its widest; elytra broader than
thorax, somewhat longer than together broad, usually with a distinct
short stria at base between the dorsal and sutural strize ; basal depres-
sions of first segments of abdomen distinct, their sides very divergent.
L. 11-13 mm.
Male with the penultimate ventral segment with four obsolcte
fovee near base, with a larger transverse fovea in the centre, anal
seement obsoletely foveolate ; intermediate tibiae with a distinct spur
at apex.
In haystack and vegetable refuse; also under bark; local; Shirley, Lee, Esher,
Cowley ; Glanvilles Wootton; Windsor; Tamworth; Birmingham; Bewdley; Can-
nock Chase; Sherwood Forest ; Northumberland district, common (Bold). According
er
* Mr. Waterhouse (l.¢. p. 6) mentions the capture of an unusually large example of
this species near a nest of Formica fuliginosa.
Euplectus.] CLAVICORNIA, 105
to Mr. Waterhouse it is common near London, but Mr. Champion speaks of it as
rare in the London district. Mr. Blateh says that he has met with it in some numbers
in Sherwood Forest under bark of fallen trees.
F. Kirbyi is only a form of this species, which has been chiefly
separated on the ground that the frontal furrows converge strongly,
whereas in EH. nanus they are parallel; there is, however, no real
difference between the insects, as the frontal furrows are very variable,
and specimens may be found that are intermediate as regards their
formation. H. nanus is variable both in size, colour, and sculpture.
E. sanguineus, Denny. In structure this species most closely
resembles H. signatus, and is only distinguished from that species by its
black or pitchy-black colour and rather larger size, and by having the
lateral basa] fovex of the thorax a little deeper ; immature specimens are
often found, which cause great confusion, as they are entirely red in
colour; in general appearance EF. sunguineus closely resembles 2. nigri-
cans, but it may easily be known from this species by its shorter
antenne ; the head, moreover, is not so short in proportion to its width ;
the antenne and legs are ferruginous or reddish-testaceous. L,
12-15 mm.
Male with the penultimate ventral segment furnished with a large
deep fovea in the middle, on each side of which there is a minute
tubercle.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, dung-heaps, hot-beds, &c.; very rarely under
decaying logs or bark; rather common and generally distributed in the London,
Southern, and Midland districts ; York ; Manchester ; Withington, Cheshire; Scot-
land, rare, in decaying hay, Solway district only.
HE. piceus, Mots. (nigricans, Chaud.; Dennit, Wat ; sulcatulus,
Saulcy). Pitchy-black, shining, antenne, palpi, and legs reddish-tes-
taceous, very. rarely pitchy; head as broad as thorax, sparingly and
finely punctured on disc, strongly and thickly at the sides, rounded and
narrowed behind eyes; antenne rather long; thorax very feebly punc-
tured, rather broader than long; elytra plainly broader than head and
thorax, a little longer than together broad, scarcely punctured, dorsal
stria reaching middle; abdomen with basal depressions broad and
shallow. L. 1j-14mm.
Male with the posterior femora thickened, metasternum channelled
and bearing a blunt tubercle on each side; fourth ventral segment of
abdomen somewhat produced and bisinuate in middle of apical margin ;
fifth, tuberculate on each side at base ; sixth, with a transverse furrow
at base, emarginate at apex; in the female the metasternum is feebly
channelled.
Under bark and in decaying wood; very rarely in hot-beds; London district, not
common, but rather widely distributed ; Darenth Wood, St. Mary Cray, Chatham,
Hawkhurst, Forest Hill, &c.; Loughton, and Ulting, near Maldon, Essex ; The Holt,
106 CLAVICORNIA. [ Huplectus.
Farnham ; Parkhurst Forest, Isle of Wight, in nests of F. vufa; New Forest; Mid.
land districts, common in many localities, Birmingham (Sutton Park, &e.), Tam-
worth, Cannock Chase, Bewdley and Sherwood Forests, &c.; it has not, however,
been recorded from the northern counties or from Scotland.
E. nubigena, Reitter. Narrow and elongate, rufo-testaceous,
shining, almost impunctate, with fine and scanty pubescence, which is
longer at the apex of the abdomen than on the rest of the body; head
rather large, with two small deep punctures at base, from each of which
proceeds a furrow ; these unite in front, forming an inverted [J enclosing
a smooth and shining area; antenne rather long and slender; thorax
about as broad as long, rounded in front, much narrowed behind, with
three fovez at base, the lateral ones small, and the central one crescent-
shaped, discoidal fovea very small; elytra long, narrowed at base, dorsal
strie deep, but very short; abdomen elongate, with no trace of depressions
at base of first segments ; legs clear testaceous. L. 13-12 mm.
Male with the ventral segments of abdomen longitudinally suleate in
middle, anal segment with a longitudinal keel.
Under bark of beech and oak logs; discovered by Mr. Blatch in Sherwood Forest
in May, 1884, and again captured by him in September, 1885; it occurs on the Con-
tinent in the mountainous parts of Hungary, in the Caucasus, Ke.
EH. ambiguus, Reich. A small, narrow, somewhat depressed species,
pitchy-brown, with the antennz, palpi, and legs testaceous, clothed with
fine grey pubescence ; head as broad as thorax with strongly impressed
converging furrows, antenne rather slender; thorax about as long as
broad, not strongly narrowed behind, with three deep basal foveve con-
nected by a fine and rather deep furrow ; elytra broader than thorax,
much longer than together broad, almost impunctate, with a deep sutural
stria, and without dorsal striz, but with short, more or less elongate,
fovez at base ; abdomen parallel, without depressed area at the base of
the front segment. L. 1mm.
Male with a spur at apex of intermediate tibiz, characters of the
abdominal segment unimportant.
Marshy places; at roots of grass, &e. ; occasionally in haystacks and other refuse ;
local, but sometimes not uncommon in some places; Lee, Wimbledon, Eltham, Sheer-
ness, Weybridge, Bromley, Walton-on-Thames; Tewkesbury (in moss stripped from
poplar trunks after a flood) ; Horning Fen and other fen localties in refuse, and also
by beating or sweeping reeds in hot weather. Scotland, Lowlands, rare, in moss,
Solway district only ; it probably occurs in many other localities.
E. minutissimus, Aubé (Garneysi, Fowler). Linear, elongate, very
narrow, much depressed, castaneous, shining, sparing ely clothed with
short hairs ; ; head rather large, triangular, obtuse in front, moderately
punctured, with two deep fovex between eyes joined by a longitudinal
furrow to two smaller fovere situated above the epistoma, antennz robust ;
thorax small, rounded at base, narrower than the head, with three deep
equidistant fovezw at base, connected by a straight line; elytra con-
Huplectus.] CLAVICORNIA. 107
siderably longer than together broad, parallel-sided, distinctly punc-
tured, with sutural stria and fovee much as in the preceding species ;
abdomen long, widely and very deeply margined; legs testaceous, long
and slender. L. $2 mm.
Male with the apical ventral segment marked throughout its length
with three lines, of which the central i is the deepest ; the latter is deeply
grooved on each side, and the lateral lines are incurved at apex ; the
penultimate segment is depressed deeply at apex, the depression corre-
sponding with the depressed portion of the apical segment; the inner
side of the intermediate tibiz is prolonged beyond the articulation of the
tarsus, and curved inwardly in the shape of a hook.
Female with the apical segment produced into a long aculeate spine.
This rare species was taken by Mr. Garneys and myself in ee
numbers in flood refuse from the Trent near Repton in June, 1879;
has not occurred before or since in Britain, and is rare on the aa 3
it is extremely sluggish, and may very easily be passed over ; even with
the flood refuse on a dish before me I found it very hard to find,
although it was present in numbers ; for a more detailed account of the
species the student is referred to the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine,
xvi. pp. 158, 159.
TRICHOPTERYGIDA.
This family comprises the smallest known species of all the Coleoptera:
owing to their minute size and the difficulty of determining the species
they have usually been much neglected ; the Monograph, however, of the
family published by the Rev. A. Matthews, is most complete, and by
the aid of the figures and descriptions there given, many of the diffi-
culties are very much diminished ; the chief character of the family lies
in the wings, which are very long and narrow, and consist of a horny
peduncle from which proceeds a long slip of membrane which is fur-
nished on both sides with very long and thickly set hairs; hence the name
of “Trichopterygide,” or “hair-winged ;” the antenne are long and
slender, and usually verti cillate-pilose, with the two basal joints large and
stout, and the three apical joints forming a more or less distinct club; the
maxillary palpi have the penultimate joint much inflated, and the last
joint small and more or less acicular : the mandibles are very curious,
the outer-side being furnished with transverse ribs like the cogs of a
wheel ; these are used for mastication, the insect having the power of
seizing its prey (which consists of very minute insects), with the sharp
points of the mandibles, and then turning these latter inwards until their
backs meet, when the cogged processes act upon each other, and first
crush and then grind the food between them (Matthews, Trichopt. Il.
p. 43) ; the elytra are sometimes entire, sometimes truncate, and together
with the thorax are comparatively seldom punctured, the sculpture
usually taking the form of asperate raised points, as in a rasp; the
abdomen is usually composed above of nine segments, the ventral por-
108 CLAVICORNIA. [ Trichopterygina.
tion consisting of six or seven segments ; the legs are moderate, short in
some genera, with 3-jointed tarsi, the last joint terminating in two
equal claws.
The Trichopterygide are known already to comprise a considerable
number of genera (twenty-one are enumerated by Mr. Matthews, and
others have been deseribed by him), and a large number of species; as,
however, fresh representatives are perpetually being found in every
quarter of the world in which they are looked for, it is most probable
that the genus is one of the most extensive and most widely distributed
of all the Coleoptera.
The larve of Trichopteryx, Pteryx, and Plinella (the only genera known in that
state) are stated by Mr. Matthews to resemble each other so closely that one de-
scription is sufficient to characterize all of them; in his Monograph the larva of
Ptinella is described on page 50, and figured Pl. I. figs. a. b. ; it is slender and elon-
gate, almost moniliform, transparent and crystalline in appearance ; the head is large,
subtriangular, with prominent eyes; autenne short, last joint furnished with long
sete ; the segments are of about equal breadth, the abdominal ones being all fur-
nished with a strong short seta on each side; last segment large, bearing two cerci
terminated by long setze: legs short, tarsi formed apparently of one joint terminated
by a single claw.
The family may be divided naturally into the two following tribes :—
JG IIMS OME 6 5 6 56 6 6 6 6 0 56 6 6 Oo 6 6 PMNoleo am eNUCNS
ii Hhytramotitruncates ~.) fal tels i. aa fe 2 oes PELE
TRICHOPTERYGINA.
This tribe contains eight European genera, all of which, except
Astatopteryx are represented in Britain; some authors still consider
Beeocrara, Thoms., formed to include 7’. variolosa, to be distinct, but
it only differs from Trichopteryx in sculpture, and cannot with good
reason be separated on that point alone.
In the following tables and descriptions I am much indebted to Mr.
Matthews for his kind help, extending over a period of several years,
during which I have taken a considerable number of the rarer species
belonging to the family ; at the same time it must be admitted that no
very satisfactory tables can be drawn up, and that in some of the
genera, more especially in T'richopteryx, it is extremely difficult to
determine the more closely allied species from descriptions, and that
long practice and comparison with authentic types is the only method
by which anything like accuracy can be arrived at in this most difficult
group; the difficulties are increased by the fact that the colours, espe-
cially of the antenng, appear to alter toa greater or less extent after
death, unless very great care is taken with regard to preserving and
setting the insects.
I. Thorax not contracted or constricted behind.
i, Abdomen with seven free ventral segments.
Trichopterygina. CLAVICORNIA. 109
yi
1. Thorax moderately dilated ; hind coxe moderately
distant ; posterior margin of metasternum not
4 troduced into points. . : : . Preryx, Matth.
. Thorax strongly dilated ; hind cOxee widely dist: ant,
Sess margin of metasternum produced into
two sharp points between the coxs® . . . . . AOTINOPTERYX, Malth.
ii. Abdomen with six free ventral segments . . . . TRICHOPTERYX, Kirby.
Il. Thorax constricted behind.
. Elytra short; mesosternum not carinate; intermediate
Coxe approximate ; colour pale. .. . ¢ Prinewua, Jots.
ii, Elytra long; mesosternum carinate ; inter mediate
cox distant; colour dark. . . Sc . Smicrvs, Matth.
III. Thorax gradually contracted behind, not constr icted.
i. Elytra long, posterior cox simple. . . . . . . Muicroprinium, Matth.
ii. Elytra short, posterior coxee laminate. . . . . . Nepuanes, Thoms.
PTERYX, Matthews.
This genus comprises one European species which is found rather
commonly in many localities under bark and in rotten wood; a few
other species have been described from North America.
P. suturalis, Heer. (mutabilis, Matth. ; bicolor, Mots.). Oval, con-
vex, rather shiny ; colour very variable, reddish, or castaneous, or with
the elytra reddish and the head and thorax almost black, sometimes
with the apex of the elytra alone dark ; head rather prominent ; thorax
transverse, broadest at base, deeply and very closely tuberculate ;
elytra rather remotely asperate, with the apices strongly rounded; legs
and antenne rather long, yellow. L. {-+ mm.
In rotten wood, under bark, sometimes in moss; not uncommon in some
localities, and probably very widely distributed ; Surrey ; New Forest; Dean Forest ;
Midland district, general ; Lincoln (under bark of dead fir); Scarborough; Scotland,
rare, under bark of dead fir; Tay and Moray districts (Sharp) ; Balmuto, Fifeshire
( Power.)
ACTINOPTERYX, Matthews.
This genus was founded by Mr. Matthews to include the single
species 7’. fucicola of Allibert; it is distinguished from Pteryxr by
having the thorax strongly dilated, and from Yrichopteryx by having
seven free ventral segments, and from both by the fact that the meta-
sternum is produced into two sharp points between the cox; our
single species is rather widely distributed on the southern coasts of
Europe, and also on the shores of North Africa and the Atlantic
islands, but until recently has been considered very rare in Britain.
A. fucicola, All. (mollis, Hal. ; dilaticollis, Mots. ;marinum, Mots.).
Fuscous, rather depressed, thickly clothed with short white silky pubes-
cence ; head large and broad with prominent eyes; thorax large, strongly
110 CLAVICORNIA. [ Actinopteryx.
dilated, broadest before base, alutaceous and not tuberculate, posterior
angles strongly produced and acute; elytra considerably narrowed be-
hind, scareely rounded at apex, very closely asperate ; legs and antenne
long and slender, clear yellow. L. $—* mm.
Under seaweed on the coast; first taken by Mr. Haliday in Ireland ; it has recently
been found in profusion at Kingsgate by Mr. '[. Wood, in company with Actidiune
coarctatum, and also at Margate. In the summer of 1886 I found it at Broadstairs,
and it has been taken at Weymouth; it is probably more widely distributed on the
south-eastern and southern coasts than is at present known, but I have never found it
in the Isle of Wight, although I have searched for it.
The species is very easily recognized by its habitat, shape, and thick
whitish pubescence,
PTINELLA, Motschulsky.
About a dozen species have been described of this genus from Europe,
America, and the Atlantic Islands, and one has comparatively recently
been found in New Zealand, so that the range of the genus is pro-
bably very extensive; they are easily recognized by their narrow form
and short elytra, and as arule by their very light colour; they appear
to live only under bark of dead trees, especially beech, fir, oak, and
birch.
MG Bees broader with apex obtuse.
. Thorax searcely rounded in front, hardly constricted
enn head elongate... . P. Brirranica, Matth.
. Thorax plainly rounded in front, constricted behind,
head rounded.
1. Elytra broadest at middle.
A. Thorax more strongly constricted behind; form
narrower . . « . P. TESTAcEA, Heer.
B. Thorax less strongly ‘constricted ‘behind ; " form
broader . . =) 6 oe) ee ey ee LE DEN TICOMbIS, elim:
2. Elytra broadest at apex. do Shier 3 oc & , o Ee MARA eatin:
= Abdomen narrower, with apex acuminate.
see feebly constricted behind; elytra rather long . P. APTERA, Guer.
. Thorax strongly constricted behind.
al Elytra ea thorax considerably shorter than
head . .- 3 ge eb eo) oe de cee uch —or no ELE NL Ate aes
2, Hlytra very short ; ” thorax hardly shorter than
head\ =) 65 6 oO oo mo 0 5 oe Jeo URenseuMENN NN (EE
P. testacea, Heer. (Proteus, Matth.; 2 lémbata, Heer.). Elongate,
rather obtuse, moderately convex, yellow, sparingly clothed with pale
hairs ; head large, rather elongate, rounded in front, eyes rather variable,
antennz long and slender, pale yellow, with the two basal joints very
large ; thorax moderate, a little broader, but scarcely longer, than head,
broadest before middle, with the sides slightly margined, strongly
rounded in front and constricted behind, closely and finely tuberculate,
posterior angles very acute and prominent ; elytra not dilated behind,
widest at middle, rather finely and remotely asperate, apices strongly
Ptinella.] CLAVICORNIA, Ae
rounded, with two more less defined darker bands in the female which
meet near base ; abdomen elongate, with five segments uncovered, obtuse ;
legs long, pale yellow. L. 2-1 mm.
Under bark of dead beech; taken in great abundance by Rev. A. Matthews in
Sherwood Forest, and also by Mr. Blatch in Sherwood Forest and Dean Forest, and
on Cannock Chase ; Mr. Wollaston has also taken it in the Canary Islands.
P. Maria, Matth. Broad, depressed, reddish-yellow, sparingly
clothed with short pale hairs; head rather small, a little narrower than
thorax, eyes rather variable, antenne pale yellow, rather short ; thorax
broad, widest in middle, with the sides margined and rounded, and
feebly constricted behind, posterior angles not prominent, finely and
closely tuberculate ; scutellum small ; elytra longer and much broader than
head and thorax, dilated behind, broadest at apex, rather deeply and not
very closely asperate in irregular transverse rows; abdomen broad and
very obtuse with five segments uncovered ; legs pale yellow. L. 2 mm.
Very rare; one example taken by Mr. Matthews under bark of dead Pinus sylvestris
at Bakewell, Derbyshire ; it has also once been taken by Mr. Crotch.
This species may be known by its broader form, and by having the
thorax feebly constricted behind with the posterior angles nearly right
angles, and also by the sculpture of the elytra, which are dilated and
broadest behind.
The female has the elytra suffused with darker colour which takes
the appearance of two almost parallel bands joined at base.
P. denticollis, Fairm. (9 punctipennis, Fairm.). Depressed, pale
yellow, rather thickly clothed with golden hairs ; head broad and short,
eyes variable, antenne pale yellow; thorax broad, widest at middle, with
sides rounded in front, and moderately constricted behind; posterior
angles strongly acute, prominent, moderately strongly tuberculate ; scn-
tellum rather large; elytra a little longer than head and thorax, oval,
with sides rounded, deeply and very remotely asperate, interstices feebly
asperate, apices not strongly rounded ; abdomen with five segments un-
covered ; legs pale yellow. L. 2 mm.
Under dead bark of various trees, especially poplars, mountain ash, willow, &c. ;
local; Sherwood Forest ; Cambridgeshire ; Middlesex ; Mr. Blatch has taken it in
numbers in various places, Yardley, Sutton and Knowle, near Birmingham, Hopwas
Wood, Tamworth, Bewdley, Needwood Forest, and Sherwood Forest.
The females have two bands of darker colour on the elytra, which
meet behind ; these are sometimes indistinct, and the colour is occasionally
spread over the whole elytra.
P. britannica, Matth. Elongate oval, rather convex, head and
thorax castaneous, elytra rufo-testaceous, rather thickly clothed with short
pale hairs ; head large, elongate, obtuse in front, eyes small, antenne rather
long, clear yellow ; thorax a little longer and broader than head, broadest
112 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ptinellu.
at middle, with sides strongly margined, slightly rounded in front and
contracted behind, posterior angles nearly right angles, closely and
rather deeply tuberculate ; scutellum short; elytra rather long, con-
tracted at apex, with sides rounded and margined, very closely and some-
what deeply asperate in transverse rows, apices scarcely rounded ; abdomen
rufo-testaceous, with five segments uncovered, very obtuse ; legs long
and stout, yellow ; under-side rufo-testaceous. L. 7 mm.
Very rare; one specimen taken by Mr. Matthews running on the back of a slug,
Limax maximus, near Weston, Oxfordshire, the probable habitat of which was
under apple bark; a second has occurred near Vincennes, France.
The specimens that have been taken have a transverse impression at
base and a smaller oval one on disc at each side : these impressions are,
however. variable in the Trichopterygidw. The species may be
distinguished by the shape of the head and thorax, the long elytra, and
also by the sculpture and colour.
P. aptera, Guer. (9? Ratisbonensis, Gyll.; v.? pallida, Er.).
Smaller than any of the preceding, elongate, oval, rather depressed,
clear yellow, clothed somewhat thickly with rather long pale hairs ;
head rather large, strongly rounded in front, eyes rather large and
prominent, or altogether absent; thorax a little longer and broader than
head, broadest at middle, with sides slightly margined, moderately rounded
in front, and feebly constricted behind, with posterior angles almost
right angles, not prominent, thickly and finely tuberculate ; scutellum
rather small; elytra oval, longer and broader than head and thorax,
deeply and closely asperate in transverse rows, apices strongly rounded ;
abdomen elongate, with five segments uncovered, acuminate at apex ;
legs pale yellow. L. 3-} mm.
Under bark cf dead trees and in decaying wood ; Chatham ; Mickleham ; Sevenoaks ;
Cobham; Bearsted; New Forest ; Salford Priors; Cannock Chase ; Sherwood Forest.
In the females the elytra have two darker bands which meet. behind ;
these, however, are variable and sometimes absent; occasionally the
dark colour is spread over the whole elytra.
P. pallidum is distinguished from this species by Erichson by its
narrower form, thicker pubescence, less strongly rounded sides of
thorax, and less obtuse posterior angles of the same.
P. angustula (? gracilis, Gyll.). This species somewhat resembles
the preceding, but may be easily distinguished by its shorter head and
longer thorax, which is strongly constricted behind, and especially by
its very short elytra, which leave six segments of the abdomen uncovered ;
the abdomen is acuminate at apex, and is furnished at the sides with
long sete ; the sculpture of the thorax is rather decper, and of the elytra
more remote ; in the female there is a single dark band of a darker
colour on each elytron. L. 3-{ mm.
Ptinella.| CLAVICORNIA. ire
Under bark of various dead trees, often in company with P. apfera, locally con-
mon; Sherwood Forest; Sutton near Birmingham; Solihull; Salford Priors;
Cannock Chase; Windsor; Wicken Ken.
P. tenella, Er, (? microscopica, Waltl.) Elongate, very narrow,
pale yellow, clothed with short pale hairs ; head large, elongate in front,
eyes (at all events in the female) very large, antenne rather long, pale
yellow ; thorax very short, much shorter than head, with sides rounded
in front, and strongly constricted behind, posterior angles prominent,
very acute, extremely ‘finely tuberculate ; elytra long and. narrow, much
longer than head and thorax, with sides scarcely rounded, very finely
asperate in remote transverse rows, apices strongly rounded, with a lon-
gitudinal band of darker colour in the female: legs rather long, pale
yellow. L. mm.
Very rare; one example has been taken by Mrs. Matthews under bark of dead oak
in Sherwood Forest; it is very rare on the Continent.
The species may be known by its very short thorax, which is strongly
constricted behind, long elytra, and fixie sculpture.
TRICHOPTERWYE, Kirby.
This genus contains a very large number of species ; seventy-four are
enumerated by Mr. Matthews in his monograph, but a considerable number
have since been described from Central America and other parts of the
world, and the genus is so widely distributed that itis probable that only a
small fraction of the existing species are at present known, as very few col-
lectors trouble themselves to look for them ; they are distinguished by not
having the thorax constricted behind and by the fact that the abdomen
has six free ventral segments ; they are very rapid in their movements and
run with a swift jerky motion very different from that of Ptenidium and
Ptilium, there are thirty-nine British species at present known, which in
many instances are exceedingly closely allied, and require the greatest care
in their determination ; they may be roughly divided as follows, but, as
above stated, no really satisfactory table can be formed ; the colour, for
instance, 1s In many cases a very important point, but immature
specimens of the black species are sometimes reddish or brownish ;
Mr. Matthews and I once found a large number of a brownish-looking
Trichopteryx in faggots in Sherwood Forest, which we thought at first
must be a good | species, but they turned out to be very slightly
immature 7, fascicularis ; the only way to work the genus is first to
separate those that seem at all differently formed by a simple Codding-
ton or Browning’s platyscopic lens, and then to compare them carefully
with authentic specimens of the species to which they seem to belong
under a compound microscope, with a rotating stage, as the asperate
sculpture presents a very different appearance in different lights.
The species are chiefly found in hot-beds, haystack refuse, dead leaves,
VOL, III. I
114 CLAVICORNIA.
[ Trichopter yx
moss, &c.; a few occur under bark or in rotten wood ; a species found
under these latter conditions is nearly always a rare one.
J. Thorax finely margined ; sculpture tuberculate.
i. Thorax evidently broader than elytra.
1. Posterior angles of thorax plainly produced,
A. Head and thorax black, elytra rufescent .
Bb. Upper surface enue castaneous; form
rather narrow
C. Head and thorax black ; "elytra fusco- -piceous.
a. Elytra shorter ; thorax broadest in middle.
b. Elytra longer.
a*, Thorax distinctly broadest at base.
at. Antenne yellow, longer .
bf. Antenne blackish, shorter 4 c
b¥. Thorax about as broad at base as in
middle. .
D. Upper surface entirely deep black.
a. Sides of bedy with long outstanding sete .
b. Sides of body without outstanding sete.
a*, Antenne and legs pitch-black.
at. Posterior angles of thorax much pro-
duced and curved. .
br. Posterior angles of thorax not much
produced . .
b*. Legs lighter or darker yellow.
at. Antenne pitch-black.
at. Antenngz short .
bt. Antenne long C
b+. Antennz more or less obscurely yel-
low.
at. Elytra broad, parallel-sided . .
bt. Elytra more or less narrowed
towards apex.
*, Thorax very shiny ; elytra dull
**, Thorax not much more shiny
than elytra.
t. Elytra longer; size larger;
mouth organs yellow
tt. Elytra shorter ; size
smaller; mouth ices
pitchy ..
2. Posterior angles of thorax not much produced.
A. Colour griscous-brown: elytra saya than
broad, dilated at the middle :
Be Colour fuscous; elytra quadrate, par allel-
SGC 5 5 6
. Thorax scarcely, or not at all, broader than ‘ely tra.
ee Antenne black or pitchy-black.
A, Antenne with eighth joint incrassate . .
B. Antennz with eighth joint not incrassate.
a, Anterior tarsi of male dilated.
a*, Antenne longer ; elytra oblong, parallel-
Sided’ semaneunetens co tbys Gree ne) ie storie
b*, Antenne: shorter; elytra somewhat
dilated behind, or about middle,
T. Sarm, Matth.
T, Cuampionis, Matth.
T. THORACICA, Wall.
T. AromARTIA, De Geer.
T. BREVICORNIs, Mots.
T, CONVEXIUSCULA, Mots.
T. GRANDICOLLIS, Mannh.
T. FRATERCULA, Matth.
T. Lawrirra, Matth.
T. ANTHRACINA, Matth.
T. ATTENUATA, Gyll.
T. pata, Mots.
T. SEMINITENS, Matth.
T. FASCICULARIS, Herist.
T. carponaniA, Matth.
T. Eviraia, Matth.
T. FuscULA, Matth.
T. PicicoRNis, Mannh.
T. LONGICORNIS, Mannh.
Trichopteryx. | CLAVICORNIA.
aft. Elytra shorter, subquadrate, broadest
behind middle . :
bt. Elytra longer, ovate, broadest about
middle :
b. Anterior tarsi of male not dilated.
a®* Pubescence short.
af. Elytra not narrowed behind, oblong or
beige ake
Posterior angles of thorax much
cc avedhedd:, :
bf. Posterior angles of thorax not pro-
duced. mars
bt. Elytra nareowed behind, ovale
at. Thorax more narrowed from base
to apex; sculpture less pronounced ;
antenne shorter :
by. Thorax scarcely narr owed from base
to apex; sculpture more pronounced ;
antenne longer
b*. Pubescence longer.
af. Size larger; elytra moderately long ;
thorax with rather large tubercles, sides
very finely margined; pubescence
fuscous . . Sli 5 4c, Go
bf. Size smaller ; thorax more plainly
margined ; ely tra very short.
az. Thorax with rather large tubercles ;
elytra deeply asperate, margined ;
pubescence fuscous .
by. Thorax with very small tubercles ;
“elytra feebly asperate, not margined ;
pubescence whitish . . . .. .
2. Antenne yellow, or pitchy-yellow.
Colour entirely castaneous or fusco-castaneous,
. Thorax with sides almost straight, paces
tuberculate, head broad |
b. Thorax with sides distinctly narrowed in
front, feebly tuberculate.
a*, Form very convex ; head very broad ;
eyes small; elytra not dilated behind in
female . .
b*. Form rather depressed ; head n narrower
eyes large and prominent ; elytra str ongly
dilated behind in female
B. Head and thorax black or pitchy -black ;
elytra castaneous.
a. Elytra longer than head and thorax. . .
b. Elytra not longer than head and thorax
C. Head and thorax black, elytra yellow
testaceous ; sculpture very faint . .
D. Head and thorax black, elytra brownish- “black,
a, Head longer; thorax smaller; sculpture
alga) “5 6) 6 90 6 oo Dee
T. BREVIPENNIS, Zr.
T. Kirpu, Matth.
T. CANTIANA, Matth.
T. VoLANS, Matth.
. SERICANS,
. BOVINA, Mots.
. LONGULA, Matth.
Teer.
. BREVIS, Mots.*
. CHEVROLATH, All.
. AMBIGUA, Matth.
. PoweEnt, Matth.
. DISPAR, Malth.
. GUERINII, All,
. oBsScmNA, Woll.
. WATERHOUSII, Matth.
. Montanpontl, Ali.
nn ee ——
* This very rare species appears occasionally to have the antenn yellowish ; in my
specimen, however, they are decidedly pitchy.
iy
116 CLAVICORNIA, [ Trichopteryx.
b. Head shorter; thorax longer; sculpture
ClOSCLA sige tagetice pos Geek gee a RivumaR is: e472:
KK. Upper surface entirely deep black.
a. Form broad almost cylindrical; head very
broad ; thorax large ; elytra parallel-sided . T. Jansoni, Maith.*
b. Form narrower; head less broad ; thorax
small with sides rounded, narrower than
elytra; elytra dilated about middle . . . T. surrocaTa, Hal.
If. Thorax coarsely margined; sculpture variolose
(Beoerara Thoms.) . . . ». « « « « « « « T. VARIOLOSA, Muls.
T. Sare, Matth. Short, broad, very strongly convex, shining,
clothed with rather thick greyish pubescence ; head and thorax black,
elytra rufo-castaneous ; head large and wide, antenne slender, with the
apical joint much elongate, the two basal jomts bright yellow, the rest
darker ; thorax very large and convex, broader than elytra with minute
tubercles placed in regular sinuate rows, interspaces reticulate ; elytra
rather short, strongly narrowed behind, deeply and very closely asperate ;
abdomen piceous, moderately exserted ; legs short, bright yellow ; under-
surface castaneous, with a large spot near the apex of the metasternum,
and the coxe, bright yellow ; abdomen with terminal segments paler.
L. Z-1 mm.
Two specimens were taken in Nottinghamshire by the Rev. H. Matthews in 1861 ;
the species has not been found since that time.
T. Championis; Matth. Narrow, elongate, convex, obscurely
eastaneous, shining, sparingly clothed with yellow hairs ; head rather
small, eyes small, not prominent, antennz long, bright yellow ; thorax
moderate, broadest at base, with the sides shghtly rounded, covered with
very small tubercles in indistinct wavy rows, posterior angles much pro-
duced ; scutellum very large, rather deeply asperate ; elytra short, much
narrowed behind, about as long as, but slightly narrower than, head and
thorax, faintly asperate in transverse wavy rows ; abdomen much ex-
serted, with five segments uncovered, terminal segment minutely triden-
tate ; legs moderate, bright yellow. L. % mm.
Seven examples were taken many years ago in Wicken Fen near Cambridge by a
collector of Lepidoptera, and given by him to Mr. J. T. Harris of Burton-on-Trent.
T. thoracica, Waltl. Very short, broad and convex, fuscous
black, clothed with rather long greyish hairs; head moderate, antenna
rather robust, yellow; thorax very large and convex, broadest before
base, with rather close irregular tubercles, posterior angles strongly pro-
duced; scutellum rather short; elytra very short, quadrate, deeply
asperate, a little narrowed to apex; abdomen moderately exserted ; legs
short, clear yellow, with the femora dusky ; under-side black, mouth and
coxie flavescent. L. 3mm.
In moss and flood refuse, chiefly in the latter; rare; Woking, Claygate, Lee ;
* This species appears to have the antenne either yellow or obscurely yellow.
Trichopterya. | CLAVICORNIA. 117
Repton, Burton-on-Trent, Knowle, Needwood, and other Midland localities ; Dunham
Park, Manchester ; Northumberland district ; Seotland, Forth and Solway districts.
This species closely resembles T. atumaria, and may perhaps be a
small race of this latter insect, but is distinguished by its ampler thorax,
which is broadest before base, and is furnished with larger and more
closely set tubercles, and by its shorter and narrower elytra.
©. atomaria, De G. Somewhat ovate, rather broad, convex, pitchy-
black, shining, clothed with rather long yellowish hairs; head large,
antenne rather short, yellow ; thorax large, broadest at base, with small
remote tubercles, interspaces shining, posterior angles strongly produced ;
scutellum large ; elytra very slightly narrowed to apex in female, strongly
in male, rather deeply asperate ; legs yellow, with femora dusky ; under-
side black, mouth, coxe, and apex of abdomen flavescent. L, 34+ mm.
In moss, haystack refuse, flood refuse, &ce.; not uncommon and generally dis-
tributed throughout the kingdom.
T. brevicornis, Mots. Very like the preceding species, but dis-
tinguished by having the posterior margin of the thorax trisinuate, by
its longer elytra, which have a more distinct fuscous tinge, and its
shorter antenne, which are nigropiceous; the sculpture also is coarser,
and its average size is larger. L. 7-1 mm.
Several specimens were taken by Mr. T. R. Billups at Canning Town, West Ham
Marshes, Essex, on November 29, 1853, by shaking the bottom of a stack of radish
seed, but it has not been taken in any other locality in Britain ; it is common in the
island of Madeira.
T. convexiuscula, Mots. (convera, Matth.). Oval, obtuse, very
strongly convex, very shining, fuscous-black, sparingly clothed with short
pale hairs; head large, very broad, antenn slender, rather short, clear
yellow ; thorax very little dilated behind, about as broad at base as in
middle, with little tubercles irregularly arranged in sinuate rows, inter-
spaces very shining, finely reticulate, posterior angles strongly produced ;
elytra almost quadrate, not narrower than thorax ; legs clear yellow ;
under-surface nigro-piceous, with abdomen lighter, and the mouth, coxz
and posterior margins of metasternum, yellow. L. 2mm.
Taken by Mr. Matthews in Oxfordshire ; it has also occurred in Russia.
Tt. anthracina, Matth. Subovate, convex, strongly narrowed
behind in male, less strongly in female, deep black, very shining, clothed
with short grey hairs; head large, prominent, antenne rather short,
pitehy-black ; thorax very convex, dilated behind, with transverse
sinuate rows of large tubercles, interspaces reticulate, very shining, pos-
terior angles strongly produced; elytra narrower than thorax, rather
finely asperate, suture a little raised behind; legs clear yellow ; under-
side black, with the abdomen lighter and the mouth, apex of meta-
sternum, and coxe yellow. L. #2 mm.
118 CLAVICORNIA, | Trichopteryx.
In moss, haystack refuse, &.; local; London district, rare, Sheerness, Chatham,
and Reigate ; Hastings; Smailheath, Edgbaston, and Knowle; Repton, near Burton-
on-Trent, common in hot-bed in my garden ; Sherwood Forest, not uncommon ; it is
probably widely distributed. :
The species may be known by the elytra being strongly attenuated
behind in male, the short dark antennz, and the sculpture of the thorax,
which is like that of 7. sertcans but with broader interspaces.
=. fratercula, Matth. Rather short and broad, black, shining,
clothed with short yellow hairs; head large, broad in front, eyes large
and rather prominent, antenne rather short, pitchy-black ; palpi black ;
thorax large, very convex, widest before base, upper-surface with minute
remote tubercles arranged in distant wavy rows, closely reticulated, or
alutaceous, posterior angles broad, much produced, and dilated on their
exterior edge, somewhat in the shape of the billof the Puffin, Pratercula
arctica (hence the name of the species); scutellum large ; elytra short,
slightly narrowed behind, narrower than head and thorax, moderately
asperate ; abdomen considerably exserted; legs rather short, robust, yellow,
with the femora dusky ; under-surface entirely black. L. 3-2 mm.
Three specimens of this species have been taken by Mr. Matthews at Gumley, near
Market Harborough, by sweeping.
T. grandicollis, Mannh. Rather broad, convex, black with an
ceneous reflection, thickly clothed with rather short yellow hairs ; head
large, eyes not prominent ; antenne moderate, pitchy or pitchy-testaceous ;
thorax rather large, broadest at middle, with moderate, irregularly
arranged, tubercles, and with a large black seta on each side behind
middle ; clytra rather short, slightly narrowed behind, deeply asperate,
furnished at sides with two long set, one near the shoulder and another
behind middle ; legs yellow, under-side black, with the mouth testaceous
or piceous, and the coxee black, margined with yellow. L. 1-14 mn.
In moss, cow-dung, vegetable refuse, &c.; common and generally distributed in
England; it sometimes occurs in great profusion; it appears, however, to be rarer in
the north and in Scotland; Ireland, near Dublin, &e.
This species 1s very easily recognized by the three long outstanding
setee on each side, which are possessed by no other British species.
fT. lata, Mots. The largest of our species; broad and subquadrate,
convex, black, with a slight eneous reflection, thickly clothed with long
yellow hairs ; head large and broad, eyes rather prominent, antenne
long, slender, yellow ; thorax large, dilated behind, broadest before base,
with somewhat large tubercles, arranged in rather sinuate rows, which are
almost straight near base, posterior angles broad, produced ; scutellum
moderate ; elytra quadrate, not narrowed behind, longer than head and
thorax, deeply and remotely asperate ; legs rather long, clear yellow ;
under-side pitchy-black, mouth and coxa yellow. L. 1{-13 mm.
.
Trichoptery.. | CLAVICORNIA. 119
In dead leaves, moss, vegetable and flood refuse, hot-beds, at roots of grass, &e. ;
very common and widely distributed.
The large size, and long antenne, together with the quadrate elytra
and close sculpture of the thorax, will easily distinguish this, perhaps
the commonest of our species.
T. cantiana, Matth. This species is very closely allied to the
preceding, but differs in having the thorax much less dilated at the sides
and base, and by its smaller head; the antenne, moreover, are rather
shorter, more robust and entirely black, and the mouth parts are pitchy-
black ; the colour is deeper black and the pubescence is shorter. L.
Z—] mm.
In vegetable refuse, moss, &e.; rare; Tonbridge (Wollaston); Repton, Burton-on-
Trent, oe I have taken a few specimens in Robins Wood from refuse at the side
of a pond.
T. fascicularis, Herbst. Suboval, convex, rather dull black, some
what sparingly clothed with short pale hairs ; head moderate, eyes some-
what prominent, antenne clear yellow, occasionally obscurely yellow ;
thorax dilated behind, broadest at base, with small distinct tubercles,
arranged in sinuate rows, interstices deeply reticulate, giving the thorax
a dull appearance, posterior margin gently sinuate, posterior angles acute,
produced ; scutellum rather short and broad ; elytra longer, and a little
narrower than head and thorax, attenuated behind, asperate in thick,
transverse sinuate rows; abdomen considerably exserted ; lees clear
yellow ; under-side black, with mouth and coxe yellow. L. 1-14mm.
In vegetable and haystack refuse, faggots, dead leaves, ants’ nests, &c.; not un-
common and generally distributed.
This species much resembles 7. /ata, but the antenne are shorter and
stouter, and the elytra are more narrowed behind, and the general
appearance is duller ; the sculpture also of the thorax is different.
T. leetitia, Matth. Very closely allied to the preceding and very
likely only a local race; it differs in its conspicuously smaller size,
smaller and more depressed thorax, and shorter aud pitchy-black antennze.
T. fascicularis, however, sometimes has the antennze darker, and 7’
lwtitia occasionally has them lighter, so that the latter character can
hardly be depended on. L. 3-2 mm.
Robins Wood, Repton, Burton on-Trent, where I took about forty specimens in
rubbish near the side of a pond; Mr, Biliups has taken it near London, aud Mr, Allen
Harker near Gloucester ; it is probably widely distributed.
T. seminitens, Matth. Oblong oval, black, thorax very shining,
elytra duller, convex, clothed rather sparingly with pale hairs; head
large, eyes large and prominent, antenne slender, rather short, piceous ;
thorax very convex, much dilated behind, broadest at base, with rather
large tubercles, disposed in remote sinuate rows, interspaces very shining,
posterior angles broad and much produced ; scutellum large and broad ;
120 CLAVICORNIA. [Trichopteryx.
elytra short, narrowed behind, much shorter and rather narrower than
head and thorax, rather deeply asperate in remote sinuate rows ;
abdomen much exserted ; legs rather short, robust, dark yellow ; under-
side black, with the mouth and coxee yellow. L. vix linm.
Rare; Snodland (Kent) ; Sherwood Forest (in faggots) ; Scotland.
This species is allied to T. fascicularis, but differs in the greater con-
vexity of its form, the shining surface and more remote sculpture of the
thorax, and shorter pitchy antenne ; from 7. attenwata it differs in its
larger size and much greater convexity, shorter antenne, and sculpture
of thorax.
T. attenuata, Gill. Ovate, much narrowed behind, somewhat
depressed, black, sparingly clothed with short pale hairs; head large,
eyes prominent, antenne very long, nigro-piceous ; thorax large, very
strongly dilated behind, with rather large tubercles, irregularly arranged
in thickly set rows, interspaces glabrous, with a large transverse fovea on
each side near posterior angles, which are much produced ; elytra much
attenuated towards apex, deeply and transversely asperate ; legs robust,
clear yellow; under-side black, with mouth and coxe yellowish. L.
+ mm.
In flood refuse, &e., very rare; Snodland and Hgham, Kent (Champion) ; Gumley,
Leicestershire (Matthews) ; Sherwood Forest, in faggots (Matthews).
T. volans, Mots. Oblong, rather convex, deep black, thickly
clothed with short yellow hairs; head large, rather prominent ; antennz
rather short, pitchy ; thorax short, not broader than elytra, with moderate
tubercles, arranged in strongly sinuate rows, interstices reticulate, pos-
terior angles scarcely produced ; elytra rather long, not attenuate behind,
deeply and irregularly asperate, with the apices almost straight, and the
suture raised behind; abdomen rather much exserted ; legs somewhat
long, yellow; under-side black, with the mouth, apex of metasternum,
last segments of abdomen, and cox, yellow ; posterior coxe strongly
dilated, marked with a large black spot in middle. L. 32mm.
Three specimens were taken about 1876 or 1877 by Mr. Champion at Aviemore,
Scotland.
This species somewhat resembles J. sericans, but is larger and has
much shorter pubescence, and differs also in its longer elytra, and the
sculpture of the thorax.
T. sericans, Heer. Rather short and broad, somewhat depressed,
obseure black, not very shining, clothed with rather long fuscous hairs ;
head broad, eyes not prominent; antenne rather stout, black or pitchy-
black ; thorax moderate, slightly dilated behind, broadest before base,
with rather large tubercles arranged in thick, interrupted rows, posterior
angles slightly produced, acute, sides very finely margined ; elytra rather
short, subquadrate, deeply and closely asperate, margined ; legs, obseurely
Trichopteryx. | CLAVICORNIA. 121
yellow, under-side pitchy-black, with mouth, cox, metasternum, and
margins of ventral segments of abdomen obscurely yellow. L. #-t mm.
In vegetable refuse, grass heaps, hot-beds, &e. ; rather local, but very abundant in
some places; London district, not common, Lee; Kingsgate ; Hastings; Glauvilles
Wootton; Weymouth; Exeter; Dean Forest; Midland districts, not uncommon,
Birmingham districts, Repton, &¢.; Wicken Fen; Cheshire; Lincolnshire; Hartle-
pool; Northumberland district, rare; Scotland, Solway, Forth, Tay, and Clyde
districts. Ireland, near Dublin.
T. brevis, Mots. In appearance this species very much resembles the
preceding, but differs in its smaller size, shorter and broader form, more
prominent eyes, shorter elytra, and deeper sculpture, and also in the fact
that both the thorax and elytra are distinctly margined. L. 3—} mm.
In hot-beds, &c.; very rare; Gumley, in vegetable refuse (Matthews); I once
took two specimens in my hot-bed at Repton, one of which has four distinct foveolate
depressions on the thorax.
The antenne of this species appear to vary somewhat in colour,
T. bovina, Mots. Oval, convex, deep black, dull, clothed with
short, pale, silky hairs ; head moderate ; eyes rather small and prominent ;
antenne short and stout, black or pitchy-black ; thorax short, dilated
behind, with small tubercles arranged in sinuate rows, interspaces feebly
reticulate, posterior angles acute, scarcely produced ; scutellum large ;
elytra rather short, oval, very closely asperate in transverse rows, with
apices contracted and rounded; abdomen rather much exserted; legs
clear yellow ; femora dusky ; under-side pitchy with mouth and coxie
3
] 5 3
lighter. oe mM.
In flood refuse, dead leaves, &c., but especially in dry cow-dung ; occasionally
taken by evening sweeping ; not uncommon and generally distributed throughont the
greater part of England ; it has not, however, been recorded from the extreme north ;
Scotland, Forth and Tay districts.
This species is easily distinguished from 7. sericans by its shape and
finer sculpture, and especially by its shorter antenne.
T. brevipennis, Er. Short and broad, convex, black, thickly
clothed with rather long pale hairs ; head large, rather prominent ; eyes
prominent ; antennw long, pitchy, or pitchy-testaceous ; thorax somewhat
dilated, broadest before base, with distinct minute tubercles thickly
arranged in rows, interspaces reticulate, plainly margined, posterior
angles produced, acute; elytra very short, somewhat dilated behind in
male, thickly and deeply asperate in transverse rows, apices broad, strongly
rounded; abdomen rather much exserted, somewhat acuminate ; legs
rather long, pitchy or pitchy-testaceous, with the anterior tibie, and the
first joint of the anterior tarsi, strongly dilated in male ; under-side black
with the mouth and apex of abdomen a little lighter, all the coxe pitchy.
L. 3-2 mm.
In moss and refuse in damp places, especially in or near marshes; local; Shirley
(Sharp); Glanviiles Wootton; Knowle, near Birmingham; Gumley, Leicestershire ;
Scotland, Solway district.
122 CLAVICORNIA., [ Trichopteryx.
T. Hirbii, Matth. Ovate, very convex, black, clothed with long yel-
low pubescence ; head rather large, elongate, eyes somewhat prominent,
antenne long, piceous, with the basal joints paler ; thorax rather longer
and wider than head, with the sides dilated and rounded, and rather
contracted at base, thickly covered with minute tubercles, interstices
deeply reticulate, posterior angles acute and rather more produced than
in the allied species, sides margined; at the base of thorax there is an
elongate transverse fovea, gradually increasing in width from the
scutellum, which it almost reaches, to the hinder angle; scutellum
large; elytra ovate, not wider than thorax, with the sides rounded,
deeply and irregularly asperate ; abdomen considerably exserted, with
apical segment deeply tridendate; legs long, yellow, anterior tibiv
dilated in male, all the tarsi with the basal joint dilated in male, the
anterior pair with the first joint very short and wide, and the second
very large and unequally bifid ; under-side black with the mouth and
coxe lighter. L. $ mm.
Three specimens taken by Mr. Matthews under sedge refuse at Ranworth Fen,
Norfolk.
TF. longicornis, Mannh. Oblong, parallel, somewhat depressed,
black, not very shining, clothed with very short, yellowish pubescence ;
head large and broad, eyes not prominent, antenne very long and slender,
light pitchy, or sometimes pitchy-testaceous ; thorax rather short, quad-
rate, scarcely dilated behind, very thickly covered with minute tubercles,
posterior angles produced, acute, basal margin deeply sinuate ; scutellum
rather large ; elytra rather long, oblong, parallel sided until ‘near apex,
finely asperate ; legs rather long and stout, yellow; male with the anterior
tibie dilated, and the first two joints of the anterior and intermediate tarsi
dilated, those of the anterior pair more broadly so; under-side black
with mouth and coxe yellow. L. { mm.
In hot-beds, &c., rare; Gumley, Market Harboro’, &c.
This species may be known by its oblong, parallel form, large broad
head, very long and slender antenne, and the dilated joints of the tarsi
in male, as well as by the sculpture.
YT. Edithia, Matth. Elongate, oblong, convex, griseous-brown,
covered with long silky pale pubescence ; head large and wide, eyes not
prominent, antennee very long and slender, bright | yellow ; thorax with
the sides much rounded, widest near the middle, covered with small
tubercles irregularly arranged, interspaces shining and deeply reticulate,
posterior angles slightly produced ; elytra oval, much narrower than the
thorax at shoulders, widest at middle, eoany asperate i in close wavy rows ;
legs long, slender, bright yellow. 1. 2 mm.
One example only of this distinct species is known ; it was taken by Mr. Wollaston
near Tonbridge in 1871.
T. longula, Matth. Elongate, rather narrow, convex, somewhat
2
Trichopteryc. | CLAVIVORNIA, 123
shining, black, clothed with very short yellow pubescence ; head rather
small, eyes large, prominent, antennz moderate, rather stout, pitchy-
blae Kk; thorax ‘short, broadest at middle, with small tubercles arranged
in thick strongly sinuate rows, interspaces shining, deeply reticulate,
posterior margin almost straight, angles scarcely produced ; scutellum
large ; elytra oblong, very convex, with the sides almost parallel, thickly,
but not deeply, asperate ; legs yellow. L. 7-1 mm.
In hot-beds, vegetable refuse, &e.; rare, but probably much more widely dis-
tributed than is at present known; Tonbiidge; Gumley, Liicestershire ; Kuowle ;
Repton ; Lincoln; in both the latter places I have taken it in the hot-bed in my
garden ; Mr. Champion has also found it in Scotland.
This species is allied to 7. picicornis, but differs in its shorter and
narrower thorax, longer and more slender antenne, and closer and finer
sculpture.
@Z. piciccrnis, Mannb. Oblong, convex, black, rather sparingly
clothed with yellowish hairs; head large, antenne moderate, pitchy-
black, with the eighth joint somewhat incrassate ; thorax scarcely dilated
behind, with sides rounded and margined, furnished with moderate
tubercles arranged in thick, interrupted, rows, interspaces deeply reticulate,
posterior angles moderately produced ; scutellum rather small ; elytra
quadrate, slightly broader behind, with sides almost parallel, moderately
strongly asperate; abdomen rather much exserted, apical segment. tri-
deniate; legs rather stout, obscurely yellow; basal joints of all the
tarsi shghtly dilated; wnder-side black, mouth and coxe lighter.
ES mim:
In rotten wood; rare; Hastings; Knowle ; Gumley; Sherwood Forest ; Northbum-
berland district, six specimens (Bold) ; Scotland, Forth and Tay districts (Avie-
more, &¢.).
T. carbonaria, Matth. ‘This species is allied to 7. picicornis, but
differs from that species in its paler and more slender antennee, of which
the eighth joint is linear and not incrassate, and in the different sculpture
of the thorax and elytra, the tubercles on the former being smaller, and
the latter being deeply and very closely asperate. L. $ mm.
A single example was taken in August, 1868, by the Rev. A. Matthewsin Thoresby
Park, Nottinghamshire, by sweeping “under oaks,
@. Jansoni, Matth. Oblong, subcylindrical, subparallel, deep black,
clothed very sparingly with short silvery hairs; head short, very broad,
antenne rather long, pitchy-testaceous or yellow ; thorax scarcely dilated
behind, with sides rather broadly margined, with moderate tubercles,
arranged in irregular remote sinuate rows, interspaces very shining,
deeply reticulate, posterior angles rather distinctly produced; elytra
rather long, parallel-sided until behind middle, and thence rounded to
apex, deeply asperate in remote, transversely sinuate, rows; legs
moderate, clear yellow ; under-side black, with mouth, coxze, and apex
of metasternum, yellow. L. Z mm.
J24 CLAVICORNIA. | Trichopteryx.
Very rare; three specimens have been taken by Mr. Matthews, near Gumley,
Leicestershire.
T. Montandonii, All. Oblong, convex, shining, black with the
elytra fuscous black, rather thickly clothed with long white pubescence ;
head large, eyes prominent, antenne long, either entirely yellow or
slightly fuscous towards apex ; thorax moderate, slightly dilated at base,
with moderate tubercles, which are remote and irregularly arranged,
interspaces deeply reticulate, posterior margin strongly sinuate, angles a
little produced ; scutellum large; elytra oblong, almost parallel-sided,
not narrowed behind ; lees yellow ; under-side pitchy-black, with mouth
and coxe yellow, last segments of abdomen lighter. L. 3-2 mm.
4
In vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &c., and occasionally in ants’ nests ; local; London
district, not common. ‘Tonbridge, Belvedere, Loughton; Hunstanton, Norfolk ;
Knowle; Repton, Burton-on-Trent; Northumberland district, very rare; Scotland,
Forth district ; it is probably generally distributed.
The oblong shape, long and slender antennz, and distant tubercles of
thorax will serve to distinguish the species.
T. rivularis, All. Very closely allied to the preceding, but dis-
tinguished by its more elongate form and longer thorax, and also by
having the elytra somewhat contracted to apex; the sculpture also is
different, the tubercles on the thorax being rather small, and arranged
more closely and regularly, and the posterior margin of the thorax is
straighter. L. 3-2 mm.
Mr. Matthews says that this species is not uncommon, in England; Birmingham
district, &e. ; I feel very doubtful as to whether it can really be separated from 7"
Montandonit.
T. Guerinii, All. Oblong, moderately convex, subparallel, head
and thorax black, elytra rufo-castaneous, sparingly clothed with short
yellow hairs ; head large, prominent; eyes small, prominent; antennz
rather long, yellow; thorax moderate, very slightly dilated behind,
with small distinct tubercles, arranged in sinuate rows, interspaces
reticulate, posterior angles slightly but plainly produced, acute ; elytra
almost parallel-sided, rather deeply asperate in thickly set, sinuate,
rows ; legs rather long and slender, yellow, with coxe and femora pitchy ;
under-side black, with mouth parts pitchy. L. $-2 mm.
Very rare; in hot-beds, &c.; West Ham (Billups) ; Gumley ; Hunstanton, Norfolk,
at which place I took a single specimen in August, 1879.
T. obscoena, Woll. Oblong, elongate, strongly convex, with the
head and thorax black and the elytra nigro-castaneous; allied to 7.
Guerinti, but differs from that species by its longer and narrower form,
shorter and more obscurely coloured antenne, which have a less distinct
club, shorter and darker elytra, and deeper sculpture. L. 3-7 mm.
This species has once been taken in faggots by Mr. Matthews in Sherwood Forest ;
it was originally found by Mr. Wollaston in the Canary Islands.
Prichopteryx. | CLAVICORNIA, 125
T. fuscula, Matth. Short, quadrate, rather depressed, fuscous,
thickly clothed with long pale hairs; head large, prominent ; eyes large ;
antennee long and slender, clear yellow ; thorax short, transverse, dilated
behind, with rather large tubercles, arranged in thick, strongly sinuate,
rows, interspaces shining and reticulate, sides yellowish, margined,
posterior margin sinuate ; scutellum large; elytra short, quadrate, deeply
asperate, almost parallel-sided ; legs clear yellow; under-side nigro-
fuscous, with abdomen lighter, mouth and coxe yellow. L. 2 mm.
In moss; very rare; taken by Mr. Matthews near Gumley.
This species appears somewhat to resemble 7. brevis, but differs in
its smaller thorax, longer and more slender antenne, and also in
sculpture.
T. Waterhousii, Matth. Oblong, subparallel, somewhat depressed,
nigro-fuscous with the elytra testaceous, clothed with short pale hairs ;
head large, eyes not prominent, antennz moderate, bright yellow, with
the apical joints only slightly incrassate ; thorax short, scarcely dilated
behind, with the sides very slightly rounded, with small distinct tubercles,
irregularly arranged in close rows, interstices slightly alutaceous, posterior
margin yellow, angles slightly produced ; scutellum large, dull black ;
elytra short, quadrate, slightly dilated towards apex, sides nearly straight,
finely asperate ; abdomen fuscous, moderately exserted ; legs yellow ;
under-side pitchy, with the metasternum and abdomen paler, mouth and
cox yellow. L. mm.
Two examples taken in Britain by Mr. Waterhouse ; locality unknown.
T. Chevrolatii, All. (pygmea, Er.; minuta, Mots.). The smallest
species of the genus that we possess; short, oblong, parallel, somewhat
depressed, black, rather shining, clothed with rather long whitish
pubescence ; head large, eyes prominent, antenne rather long, entirely
pitchy, last joimt elongate ; thorax quadrate, scarcely dilated behind,
with small inconspicuous tubercles; scutellum large; elytra short,
quadrate, moderately asperate in transverse rows; legs robust, clear
yellow, with the basal joints of all the tarsi slightly dilated ; under-
side nigro-piceous, with the mouth, metasternum, and coxe yellow.
L. 3-2 mm. ’
-In vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &e. ; probably very often overlooked by reason of
its minute size; Shirley ; Tonbridge ; Gumley, Leicestershire ; Edgbaston and Knowle,
Birmingham.
This species may easily be recognized by its very small size, oblong
and parallel form, quadrate thorax, elongate last joint of antenna, and
very fine sculpture.
T. suffocata, Hal. Oval, rather broad, somewhat depressed, black,
clothed with pale pubescence ; head rather elongate and prominent, eyes
large and prominent, antenna moderate, clear yellow ; thorax small,
126 CLAVICORNIA. | Trichopterye.
narrower than elytra, with small tubercles, arranged in rather thick,
transverse, curved rows, interstices not shining, scarcely dilated behind,
posterior angles very little produced, somewhat acute, elytra rather short,
a little contracted in front and behind, finely asperate, apices rounded ;
abdomen much exserted, acuminate; legs yellow; under-side entirely
black. L. 1 mm.
Very rare; found only by Mr. Haliday, both the larva and perfect insect together,
under damp fallen leaves or stones, in the bed ofa dried-up brook (Glen-na-Chatta),
of the Shournagh River, Cork.
T. dispar, Matth. Rather depressed, castaneous-brown or fuscous,
clothed with a silvery pubescence; head moderately large, eyes pro-
minent, antenne long, dull yellow ; thorax short, shehtly dilated behind,
rather thickly covered with small distinct tubercles placed in curved
rows, interstices alutaceous, posterior angles scarcely produced ; scu-
tellum rather large ; ely tra at shoulders narrower than thorax, very mush
dilated towards apex in female, slightly contracted in male, closely and
rather confusedly asperate ; abdomen somewhat attenuated and mode-
rately exposed ; legs rather long, bright yellow ; under-side pitchy-brown
with the mouth and coxe yellow. L. %--2 mm.
In moss, especially in spring; rare; London district (Waterhouse) ; Devonshire
(Wollaston); Gumley, Leicestershire, and Oxfordshire (Matthews); Knowle and
Randan Woods (Blatch).
YT. ambigua, Matth. Castaneous-brown, oblong, rather broad, very
convex, clothed with golden pubescence ; head rather large and broad
eyes small, not prominent, antennw rather slender, obscurely yellow ;
thorax broadest before base, sides very slightly rounded, with irregularly
arranged distinct large tubercles, posterior angles slightly produced ;
scutellum large ; elytra oblong, rather depressed, not narrowed, or even
slightly dilated, behind, a little contracted at base, rather deeply and
thickly asperate ; legs long and robust, clear yellow, tarsi elongate, with
basal joints thickened ; : abdomen moder ately exserted, with apex feebly
tridentate ; under-side castaneous, with the last segments of the body
lighter, the coxw and apex of metasternum yellow. L. 82 mm.
Under bark, &c.; very rare; Oxfordshire (Matthews); Peckham, under bark of
Hornbeam (Billups) ; it appears to be common in America.
T. Poweri, Matth. (Chevrieri, All.). Broad, oblong, very convex,
fusco-castaneous, clothed with golden pubescence ; head large and broad,
eyes not prominent ; antennw rather long, pitchy testaceous ; (Heras
rather large, slightly dilated behind, with small tubercles thickly arranged
in interrupted rows, interstices shining, finely reticulate, posterior
angles acute, very little produced ; scutellum large ; elytra quadrate,
somewhat dilated behind, deeply asperate in thick transverse rows, sides
margined, apices very broad ; ; legs long and stout, clear yellow, with the
femora dusky ; under-side pitchy, with the apical segments of the abdo-
men, the cox, and metasternum, yellow. L. 7-1 mm,
Trichopterysx. | CLAVICORNIA. 127
Two specimens taken at Weston, Oxfordshire, by Mr. Matthews, in moss.
T. variolosa, Muls. (Bwocrara littoralis, Thoms.). Suboval, shining,
convex, nigro-castaneous, or nearly black, sparingly clothed with stout
silvery hairs, not tuberculate, but with the whole surface impressed with
large punctures, variolose ; head large, elongate in front, eyes prominent,
antenne long and rather slender, pitchy-testaceous ; thorax short, trans-
verse, with sides strongly margined and rounded in front and behind,
posterior angles acute, not produced ; scutellum large, deeply punctured ;
elytra rather short, dilated behind, with the sides rounded and strongly
margined, apices broad, almost straight; legs long, clear yellow, femora
pitchy ; under-side castaneous, mouth and coxe yellow. L. 3-2 mm.
In moss, dung, &c.; rare; the first British specimen was taken by Mr. Matthews
near Gumley, Leicestershire, February, 7th, 1862 ; subsequently Mr. Matthews found
another in the same locality ; it has also occurred at Esher, near London; Mr. Wollas-
ton has taken it on Dartmoor, in Devonshire, and Dr. Sharp in the New Forest
and in Scotland, in which country he records it as rare in sheep’s dung, Tay district
(Rannoch).
Thomson separates this species on the ground of the sculpture and
strongly margined thorax as a new genus Bwocrara,; it is true that it
presents the only instance of true punctuation in the genus, but the
margined thorax is found in other species, and the mouth parts, &e.,
appear to be identical ; I have therefore followed Mr. Matthews in
keeping it under T'richopteryr.
SMICRUS, Matthews.
This genus contains one European species, which is distinguished
from Mieroptilium, which has been included under it, by having the
thorax plainly constricted behind, and also by the long ligula, and
narrowly laminate posterior cox; it 1s extremely rare in Europe, but
rather common in North and South America ; it is found in dung-heaps,
and also in the sandy banks of streams.
S. filicornis, Matth. (Micrus, Matth.). Oblong, subparallel, con-
vex, dull black, very thickly clothed with short yellow hairs; head
large, broad, minutely and closely tuberculate, antennee very long and
slender, yellow; thorax transverse, with sides rounded in front, and
constricted at base, very closely and minutely tuberculate, posterior
margin almost straight, angles acute; scutellum large ; elytra rather
long, with sides almost parallel, very closely and deeply asperate ; abdo-
men rather long, with five segments exserted; legs long, robust, clear
yellow ; under-side pitchy-black, with mouth, coxe, and apex of meta-
sternum clear yellow, apical segment in male broadly and deeply emar-
ginate, with a long process in middle, armed on each side with an
elongate sharp spine. L. {-1$ mm.
Very rare; once found by Mr. Matthews in numbers on the banks of the Rye,
128 CLAVICORNIA. [ Smzerus.
Nunnington, Yorkshire, and also at Gumley, flying; I took one specimen at Hun-
stanton, Norfolk, in August, 1879, on the window of our lodgings, in company with
21. Guerinii; they probably came from a stable which was not far off. I have lately
found a specimen among some beetles sent me for names by the Rev. C. T. Cruttwell,
of Denton, Harleston, Norfolk ; it was, I believe, taken near Denton.
MICROPTILIUM, Matthews.
The single European species included in this genus was formerly
classed with Smicrus, but besides the differences pointed out above, it
has longer elytra and fewer segments of the abdomen uncovered, and
the maxille are differently formed ; it is rare on the continent, and only
two British examples are known.
I. pulchellum, All. Elongate, rather depressed, pitchy-black,
very thickly clothed with short white pubescence ; head large, prominent,
elongate in front, eyes large and prominent, antennze very long and
slender, clear yellow ; thorax small, shorter than head, with sides rounded
in front and rather strongly contracted, but not constricted, behind, with
base incumbent on shoulders of elytra, closely and rather rugosely
tuberculate, with an oval impression on each side near middle ; elytra
long, dilated behind, rather deeply asperate ; legs long, robust, clear
yellow ; under-side pitchy, with the abdomen lighter, mouth and coxe
clear yellow. L. $2 mm.
Very rare; two specimens were once taken by Mr. G. R. Waterhouse, but I do
not know in what locality.
NEPHANES, Thomson.
This genus contains one European and a few American species ; from
the other members of the tribe except Alicroptilium, it is distinguished
by having the thorax gradually contracted behind, not constricted as in
Smicrus, or simple as in the other genera ; from Microptiliam it may be
known by its much shorter elytra, which leave six segments of the body
exposed, the laminate posterior coxe, and differently shaped maxille
and ligula.
NW. Titan, Newm. (ablreviatellus, Heer., Thoms. ; Elachys abbrevia-
tellus, Matth.). Oblong, subparallel, dark with a castaneous tinge, or
almost black, shining, moderately convex, thickly clothed with pale
pubescence ; head large, elongate in front, eyes large, prominent, antenne
long, robust, yellow ; thorax short, not longer than head, broadest behind
middle and thence contracted to base, thickly tuberculate ; elytra short,
oblong, not or scarcely longer than head and thorax, with sides nearly
parallel, closely and deeply. asperate ; legs rather long and stout, clear
yellow ; under-side castaneous, with mouth, COxeR, posterior margin of
nictasternum and last segments of abdomen, yellow. IE: 5 mm.
In eut grass, vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &e. ; locally common ; Shirley, Darenth
Nephanes. | CLAVICORNIA, 4)
Wood, Putney, Tonbridge ; Kingsgate ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Barnwood, near Glouces-
ter; Birmingham district ; Northumberland district, very rare; not recorded from
Scotland; Ireland, near Dublin.
PTILIINA.
This tribe contains seven European genera, all of which, with the
exception of Micridium, are represented in Britain ; they are, as a rule,
much more easy to determine than the Trichopterygina.
I. Thorax broadest at base ; pygidium covered.
i ice aie not extending to the sides of the body. Nossip1um, Er.
- Metasternum reaching the sides of body ... . . EuRypritium, JMatth.
1, "Thorax broadest before base.
. Thorax at base extending over the shoulders of the
elytra at the sides, sinuate narrowly before base, so that
the apical margin is broader than the actual basal
quiere Woe a) ee ce ACTIDIUM, Matin:
Thorax fitted to the base of ely tra.
. Metasternum extending tothe sides of the body ;
thorax not, or only moderately sulcate.
A. Pygidium exposed; sculpture almost always
tuberculatess Wereallcmicnics (an Top teehicn eevee, on EEePURMUIM; 22772
B. Pygidium covered ; sculpture variolose . . . PrEnipiIuM, £7.
2 Metasternum not extending to the sides of body ; :
thorax very deeply sulceate. . .. . . . . Muitiimium, Mots.
PTILIUM, Erichson.
Nineteen species of this genus are enumerated by Mr. Matthews in
his monograph from Europe and America, but several have since been
described ; they are distinguished by having the thorax fitted to the base
of the ely tra, the pygidium exposed, and also by the generally distinctly
tuberculate or asperate sculpture of the thorax, by which they may, asa
tule, be separated from the species of Actédium, which bear rather a
strong resemblance to them in general appearance ; the species are found
in moss, hot-beds, dead leaves, &c., or under bark.
I. Thorax not or obsoletely channelled in middle.
i, Thorax more or less quadrate, not constricted be-
hind.
1. Thorax longer than head.
A. Thorax dilated behind; sculpture of elytra
finer . . P.MARGInatuMm, Aubé.
B. Thorax not dilated behind ; sculpture of aly ‘tra
coarser. . . P. Kunzet, Heer.
2. Thorax shorter : or almost shor ter ‘than head.
A. Elytra scarcely broader than thorax ; sculp-
ture of thorax fine.
a. Form broader; antenne thicker . . . . P. BREVICOLLE, Matth.
b. Form narrower ; antenne more slender, . P. RUGULOSUM, All.
* In Ptilium Halidaii, the head and thorax are foveolate-punctate.
VOL. III. K
130 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ptilium.
B. Elytra Beaders bly broader than thorax ;
sculpture of thorax rather coarse . . P. Spencet, All.
ii. Thorax constricted behind.
1. Head and thorax tuberculate ; thorax with at
most a very indistinct impression on each side at
base . . ‘ P. cALEDONICUM, Sharp.
2. Head and thorax foveolate- -punctate ; thorax
with deep lateral impressed lines reaching beyond
middle . . Se eee ba Anim ane Met
Thorax plainly channelled in middle.
. Thorax with lateral impressed lines, which are
parallel.
1. Impressed lines of thorax deep; elytra con-
siderably dilated, rather coarsely sculptured . . P. AFFINE, £7.
2. Impressed lines of thorax shallow; elytra scar oe
dilated, finely sculptured . . P. InSIGNE, Matth.
. Thorax eat lateral impressed eae miich one
__verge HNIIRONA 6 Gg = P. casum, Zr.
. Thorax with lateral impressed lines which diverge
in front.
1, Elytra longer ; head and general form narrower ;
average size larger... . P.Exaratum, All.
2. Elytra shorter; head and general form ‘broader ;
average size smaller. . = P. MYRMECOPHILUM, All.
iv. Thorax with lateral impressed lines very obsolete
Oriabsenhty sos ip al alae se) eo ctl ee aE ROVROEA TUM, Ad?
P. Kunzei, Heer. Oblong, rather convex, black, dull, rather thickly
clothed with grey pubescence, closely tuberculate ; head large and broad,
eyes small, rather prominent, antenne rather short and stout, pitchy
black ; thorax transverse, longer and broader than head, broadest at
base, with sides slightly rounded, not channelled ; elytra oval, about one
and a half times as long as head and thorax, deeply asperate in oblique
rows; legs pitchy, occasionally yellow; under-side pitchy, with the
abdomen lighter, and the mouth and coxe yellow. L: } mm.
In hot-beds ; locally abundant, and probably widely distributed; Ashtead, Surrey ;
Edgbaston and Knowle; Cheshire ; Manchester; Scotland, Solway district. Ireland,
near Dublin.
P. brevicolle, Matth. Short, oblong, rather depressed, fuscous-
black, rather thickly clothed with short dark hairs ; head large, broad,
elonzate in front, eyes prominent, antennz very long and stout, yellow ;
thorax very short, much shorter than head, as well as head thickly and
finely tuberculate ; elytra oblong, rather depressed, nearly parallel-sided,
scarcely broader than thorax, very closely covered with rather large
tubercles ; abdomen scarcely exserted ; legs long, robust, yellow, tibia
slightly dilated ; under-side pitchy-black, with mouth and cox yellow.
LL. 2 mm.
Very rare ; one specimen taken near Weston, Oxfordshire, by Rev. A. Matthews.
This very distinct species may easily be known by its extremely small
Ptilium.] CLAVICORNIA. 131
size, oblong, depressed, form, very large head and short thorax, which is
not channelled, and also by its very long antenne and general sculpture.
P. rugulosum, All. (fuscwm, Er.). Oblong, convex, rather narrow,
fuscous, thickly clothed with pale pubescence, with very deep rugose
sculpture, especially on elytra; thorax, very short, not channelled ; elytra
narrow, not or scarcely broader than head and thorax, antenne rather
long and slender, pale ferruginous, legs testaceous ; this species is rather
closely allied to P. Kumnzei, but differs in its narrower form, more
rugose sculpture, much shorter thorax, and longer and more slender
antenne. L. + mm.
Very rare; Gumley, in moss (Matthews); Scotland, Tay district.
P. Spencei, All. (anqustatum, Er.; oblongum, Gyll.). Elongate-
oval, rather convex, fuscous-black or black, clothed with rather
long greyish hairs; head moderate, eyes prominent, antennz moderate,
more or less pitchy ; thorax rather short, transverse, very little broader or
wider than head, not channelled, broadest before base, with rather large,
remote tubercles, sides and angles strongly rounded ; posterior margin
slightly reflexed; scutellum small ; elytra rather long, oval, broader than
thorax, deeply asperate in transverse rows, the asperations not being very
close ; legs pitchy ; under-side pitchy, with mouth, cox, and apex of
abdomen lighter. L. ? mm.
In vegetable refuse, moss, &e. ; occasionally by evening sweeping ; locally common ;
Esher, Lee, Tonbridge; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Knowle, Repton, Matlock,
and other Midland localities; Cheshire; Scotland, Solway and Dee districts; in
Bretby Wood, Repton, I once took a large number of Trichopterygide under some
refuse in a ride; these all proved to be 7’. grandicollis and P. Spencei; I do not
know whether there is any connection between these insects except similarity of
habitat ; they are both, probably, generally distributed in England.
P. marginatum, Aubé. Very closely allied to P. Spencez, but dis-
tinguished by its usually larger size, larger and wider thorax, which is
more closely sculptured, and is widest at base, and has the posterior
margin rather strongly reflexed; the antennze also are more lightly
coloured, and the sculpture of the whole body is finer. L. {-2 mm.
Rare ; taken by Mr. Matthews and Mr. Crotch in the Cambridgeshire and Norfolk
Fens, in 1868, and by Mr. Matthews at Forest Hill, Kent, in rotten leaves; also by
Mr. Blatch in Sherwood Forest, under bark.
P. caledonicum, Sharp. Elongate-oval, convex, rather shining,
colour variable, usually dirty testaceous, but sometimes more or less
fuscous, head and thorax darker than elytra ; upper surface rather thickly
clothed with long pale hairs; head large, eyes large and prominent,
antenne long and very slender, yellow ; thorax broader than, and rather
narrower than elytra, broadest at middle, with the sides strongly rounded
in front, and constricted behind, without channel, but sometimes with an
obsolete impression on each side near the base, with rather thickly-set,
K 2
132 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ptilium.
moderate-sized tubercles ; elytra elongate-oval, broadest at middle, mo-
derately asperate in ir regular transverse rows, interstices shining ; legs
slender, clear yellow ; under-side fusco-testaceous. L. 3-7 mm.
Found in numbers by Dr. Buchanan White and Dr. Sharp under the bark of a dead
Scotch fir at Braemar, Scotland.
In sculpture and pubescence this species is very similar to P. Spencez ;
it is an interesting species, as connecting this latter insect and its allies
with the abnormal P, croaticum.
P. cosum, Er. (Jatwm, Gyll.). Rather broad, castaneous, sparingly
clothed with very short pale pubescence; head rather large and broad ;
antenne rather short and stout, clear yellow; thorax larger, longer, and
broader than head, with the sides rounded and widened in middle and
narrowed behind, alutaceous and not tuberculate, with a central channel
and two impressed lines, one on each side, which converge in front, pos-
terior angles almost right angles; elytra rather short, dilated behind,
closely and very finely asperate ; legs clear yellow ; under-side castaneous,
with the mouth, coxe, abdomen, and posterior margin of metasternum
yellowish. L. $ mm.
Very rare ; Cambridgeshire, six specimens (Crotch).
©. affine, Er. Considerably larger than the preceding species, and
of a darker colour, being fuscous or nigro-fuscous ; it is also differently
sculptured, the head and thorax being finely and closely tuberculate, and
the elytra being more coarsely sculptured ; the thorax is widest behind
middle, and is furnished with a central channel and a deeply impressed
line on each side, all three being parallel ; the elytra are more gradually
rounded, and are widest about middle, instead of being widest behind as
in P. cesum, and the antenne are pitchy, lighter at base. L. = mm.
Very rare; three examples have occurred at Wicken Fen, Caindeetiie by
sweeping; I have also received two specimens from the South of England ; it appears
also to be found under dung.
P. exaratum, All. (canaliculatum, Er.). Elongate, convex, rather
shining, clothed with short greyish silky pubescence, fuscous, very finely
and closely tuberculate ; head rather small but elongate, much narrower
than thorax, antenn clear yellow, club slightly thickened, last joint
elongate; thorax with sides rounded in front and contracted behind,
broadest a little before middle, with a central channel, and two indis-
tinctly impressed lateral lines or impressions, which diverge in front ;
elytra long, oval, more plainly sculptured than head and thorax «
abdomen slightly exserted, with the last segments testaceous ; legs clear
yellow. L. §-} mm.
In vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &e., also in cow-dung ; not uncommon, and probably
much more widely distributed than is at present known; Tonbridge and other
localities in the South and Midlands (Gumley, Knowle, &c.).
P. myrmecophilum, All. (inguilinwm, Ex. ; v. discoideum, Vill.).
Ptilium.] CLAVICORNIA. 133
Allied to the preceding, but easily distinguished by its smaller size,
broader form, shorter elytra, and reddish or castaneous colour; the
sculpture is exceedingly fine, and the thorax is narrower in proportion to
the elytra ; the antenna, also, are rather shorter, and have the last joints
more thickened. L. 2 mm.
In nests of Formica rufa; locally abundant; Chislehurst, Kent; Scarborough ;
Scotland, very local, Dee and Moray districts.
P. insigne, Matth. LElcngate, rufo-castaneous, clothed with short
pale pubescence, rather finely and closely tuberculate; head large,
elongate in front, antenne pale yellow, short and stout, with the two
last joints much thickened ; thorax short, with sides strongly rounded,
and much constricted at base, with a deep central channel and a shallow
impressed line on each side, the channel and lines being parallel; elytra
rather long, not dilated behind; abdomen plainly exserted, testaceous ;
legs rather long, slender, pale yellow, tibie dilated at apex ; under-side
entirely testaceous. L. 3 mm.
Very rare; one example has been taken by Mr. Waterhonse in the London district,
and Mr. Blatch records it as from “ Knowle (?) ” in lawn clippings.
This species, like P. afine, has the lateral lines on thorax parallel to
the central channel, but they are much shallower, and the insect is
altogether smaller and narrower, and more finely sculptured, and the
thorax is broadest about middle.
P. foveolatum; All. (excavatum, Er. 3 clundestinwm, Wal.; mini-
mum? Herbst.) Elongate, very small, narrow, and slender, rather
convex, rufo-castaneous or rufo-testaceous, clothed with short yellow
hairs, strongly and closely tuberculate ; head large, almost triangular,
very much elongite, eyes large, prominent, antennz rather long, pale
yellow ; thorax not broader and scarcely longer than head, slightly rounded
in front, and constricted behind, with a short central channel and an
indistinct impressed line or fovea on each side diverging in front; these
impressed lines are sometimes very indistinct ; elytra long and linear,
paraliel sided until near apex ; legs pale yellow, tibiz slightly dilated at
apex ; under-side rufo-testaceous. L. 3-2 mm,
In dung-heaps, hot-beds, &c.; probably generally distributed ; Kingsgate; Mid-
land districts ; Northumberland district, rare; I have taken it in the greatest pio-
fusion in a hot-bed at Barnwood near Gloucester; when a hot-bed is freshly watered
and closed the evaporated steam condenses in large drops on the under-surface of the
glass; various species of small beetles, especially Trichopterygidz, are perpetually
flying upwards from the centre of the bed, and these are caught in the drops and may
be sometimes taken by the hundred; I obtained all my specimens of P. foveolatwm
in this manner,
P. Halidaii, Matth. Elongate-oval, slender, very convex, shining,
bright castaneous, sparingly clothed with very short pale pubescence ;
head moderate, rather elongate, deeply impressed with foveolate punc-
tures, antenne rather long, clear yellow ; thorax small and short, scarcely
134 CLAVICORNIA, [ Piilium,
longer or broader than head, deeply foveolate-punctate, with a narrow
central channel in front not reaching to middle, and on each side a narrow
impressed line converging from base to beyond middle, sides slightly
rounded, somewhat constricted behind ; scutellum large ; elytra rather
long, narrow, and transparent, elongate-oval, broadest before middle,
closely and rather deeply asperate in transverse rows, somewhat narrowed
behind ; legs rather long, clear yellow, tibiz slightly dilated ; under-side
castaneous, mouth, coxee, and abdomen lighter. L. 3 mm,
Very rare ; a single example was taken by Mr. Matthews under bark of dead oak in
Sherwood Forest.
The species is very distinct, and may at once be known by the sculpture
of the head and thorax; it partially corresponds to 7. variolosa in the
genus Trichopteryx.
oO
MILLIDIUM, Motschulsky.
This genus contains one European and one American species; the
former of these is common in hotbeds in many parts of the country ; it
is very smooth and shining like an elongate Ptencdium, and is easily
distinguished by the very deep longitudinal furrows on the thorax.
WM. trisuleatum, Aubé (miniutissi¢mum, Gill). Elongate-oval,
convex, pitchy-black or deep black, very shining, almost glabrous, very
sparingly clothed with extremely short silvery hairs ; head moderate, alu-
taceous, eyes small, scarcely prominent, antenne rather obscurely yellow ;
thorax alutaceous, with sides strongly rounded, contracted behind,
broadest behind middle, posterior angles acute, with a very deep median
furrow and a shorter furrow on each side, diverging in front ; scutellum
large, broad, triangular, with a deep conical fovea not reaching base, and
a, smaller oblique fovea on each side ; elytra ovate, very shining, extremely
finely and remotely punctured, apices lighter ; abdomen slightly exserted,
rather acute ; legs clear yellow ; under-side pitchy, with mouth, coxe,
and last segment of abdomen clear yellow. L. 3 mm.
In moss, vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &¢,; not uncommon in some localities ; it
seems to be rare in the London district ; Tonbridge; Repton, Burton-on-Trent,
common, Knowle, and other Midland localities; Barnwood, Gloucester; it is not
recorded from the North or from Scotland ; my impression is that it is very widely
distributed, but is overlooked on account of its minute size and sluggish movements.
ACTIDIUM, Matthews.
This very distinct genus contains eight species, three from Europe,
two from British Columbia, one from the Sandwich Islands, one from
Central America, and one from New Zealand ; it is probable that many
more will be discovered; they are easily distinguished from Ptilium by
having the abdomen entirely covered by the elytra.
Actidium.] CLAVICORNIA. 135
I. Upper surface pilose, not shining; head and thorax
deeply foveolate-punctate . . . . . .....
II. Upper surface almost glabrous, shining ; head and thorax
very finely tuberculate or alutaceous . . . . . . . A. CONCOLOR, Sharp.
A. COARCTATUM, Hal.
A. coarctatum, Hal. Linear, elongate, rather convex, dull black,
thickly dotted with long silvery hairs ; head large, elongate, rounded in
front, eyes small, prominent, antenne rather long, clear yellow ; thorax
short, transverse, scarcely longer than head, with sides stronely rounded,
marked with a large, transverse, reniform impression at base; head and
thorax strongly foveolate-punctate ; scutellum small; elytra very long,
linear, finely but distinetly and closely tuberculate, sutural angles almost
right angies; legs rather long and stout, clear yellow, tibie strongly
dilated ; under-side pitchy, with mouth and coxe yellow. L. 3-5 mm.
Under sea-weed and shingle on the coast ; also in hot-beds, &e., inland; first taken
in Britain on the coast of Ireland by Haliday ; Walton-on-Naze (Champion) ; Kings-
gate, in profusion in a heap of decaying sea-weed in company with Actinopterya
(I. Wood); I have taken it sparingly in a hot-bed at Barnwood, near Gloucester, for
two or three years in succession, in company with Nephanes Titan and Plilium
foveclatum; this capture is interesting, as confirming Haliday’s record of having
taken the species in a hot-bed, which was commonly supposed to have been made in
error.
This species appears to be distributed throughout the whole of Europe,
and the African shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
A. concolor, Sharp (Ptilium concolor, Sharp). Linear and elongate,
somewhat convex, shining, deep black, clothed with very short silvery
hairs, so that the surface appears almost glabrous, alutaceous and scarcely
tuberculate ; head large and broad, elongate, eyes rather small, not pro-
minent, antenne rather short and stout, pitchy-testaceous ; thorax very
short, with sides strongly rounded and margined, and very strongly con-
tracted behind; scutellum small; elytra elongate, linear, not broader
than, and almost twice as long as, head and thorax, with sides almost
straight, sutural angles obtuse ; legs long, pitchy-testaceous, posterior tibie
strongly dilated, tarsi very short; under-side black, with mouth, coxe,
and apex of abdomen lighter. L. 3 mm.
In damp sand and shingle on the banks of rivers and streams ; very rare; first
taken by Dr. Sharp and Mr. Crotch on the banks of the Bowmont, at Yetholm,
Northumberland, and subsequently by Dr. Sharp in the Solway and Tweed districts
of Scotland ; it has also been taken by Mr. Waterbouse (to whom I am indebted for
my specimen) near Ripon ; it often occurs in company with Thinobius longipennis,
to which it bears a considerable superficial resemblance.
EURYPTILIUM, Matihews.
This genus was formed by Mr. Matthews to include the species
described by Gillmeister as Trichopteryx saxonica, and usually known as
Ptilium saxonicum ; it is very distinct from Péilium by reason of its
broader form, and by having the abdomen entirely covered by the elytra,
136 CLAVICORNIA. [ Luryplilium.
as well as by the thorax being broadest at base; the species is very rare
on the Continent, as far as it is at present known, but has been taken by
Dr, Sharp in some numbers in Scotland among bones and hides,
E. saxonicum, Gill. Oval, convex, fuscous, thickly clothed with
pale pubescence ; head broad, eyes large, not prominent, antennee yellow,
rather long and slender; thorax large, subquadrate, with sides gently
rounded, widest at base, very closely covered with moderate-sized
tubercles, posterior angles right angles; scutellum very small; elytra
rather long, with sides slightly rounded, completely covering abdomen,
deeply asperate, and appearing as if reticulate, apices very broad, sutural
angles obtuse ; legs yellow, tarsi rather short ; under-side fuscous, with
the mouth, coxa, and apex of abdomen lighter. L. 3-7 mm.
Under bones and hides; taken in some numbers by Dr. Sharp in the Dee and
Solway districts of Scotland.
NWOSSIDIUMS, Evichson.
This genus contains two European species and one or two from
America ; from Huryptilium it is distinguished by its larger size, and
oval and more convex form, and by the structure of the skeleton of the
under surface of the body ; from all our other allied genera it may be
known by having the thorax broadest at base ; its oval-convex shape and
strong pubescence give it an appearance different from the ordinary
Trichopterygide, and at first sight it looks as if its affinities were rather
towards certain members of the Corylophide.
N. pilosellum, Marsh. (Ferrarii, Redt.; v. brunneum, Marsh. ; v.
nitidulum, Marsh.). Broad and ovate, very strongly convex, castaneous,
but variable in colour, the head and thorax being often darker than the
elytra, thickly clothed with long yellow pubescence; head short, eyes
somewhat prominent, antenne clear yellow; thorax large, much longer
and broader than head, dilated behind, widest at base, with sides
slightly rounded, and rather plainly margined, posterior angles acute,
not produced, remotely punctured ; elytra broadest at shoulders, seml-
ovate, deeply punctured, with the interstices rugose, narrowed at apex ;
legs rather long, clear yellow, anterior tibia dilated at apex. L. l- aa
mm.
On rotten stumps or in damp rotten wood; also in fungi, dead leaves, &c.; found
rather rarely, but locally abundant ; Birch Wood and Claygate (Champion); Darenth
(Power) ; Littlington (Power) ; Hunstanton, Norfolk (Blatch); Needwood Forest
near Burton-on-Trent (Gorham).
PTENIDIUM, Erichson.
This genus contains at present upwards of thirty species from Europe
and the Atlantic Islands, and from North and Central America; they
Ptenidium.] CLAVICORNIA. 137
are smooth and shining insects with a harder integument than is found
in most of the Trichopterygide; the pygidium is always covered, and
the sculpture is variolose; eleven species are found in Britain which
may be distinguished as follows :—
I, Head and thorax more or less deeply foveolate-
punctate.
i, Sculpture of elytra deeper.
1, Form narrower and more elongate; thorax
broadest a little before middle ; basal fovez absent
(habitat on the coast in seaweed or shingle) . . P. PuNcTATUM, Gy/ll.
2. Form broader; thorax broadest about middle ;
basai foveze well marked . . P. Kraarzi, Matth.
i. Sculpture of elytra feeble ; thorax broadest behind
Haale ; basal foveze absent or very indistinct . . P. FuscrcoRNeE, Lr.
Il. Head and thorax almost smooth and impunetate.
i. Thorax with four large foveze at base.
1. Head without large punctures near eyes ; elytra
punctured im finerows’. 5 5 5 2 3 6 9 . &. NITEDUM, Heer
2. Head with three large punctures near each eye ;
elytra almost impunctate; basal foveze very large
anddeep .. . . c P. LzvieatuM, Gyll.
ii. Thorax with four small fovere ab base, which are
in some cases absent.
1. Elytra reddish-castaneous.
A. Therax strongly contracted just at base,
forming an angle with the elytra.
a. Form very broad and turgid ; thorax more
narrowed in front; eyes more prominent ;
elytra rather deeply punctured... P, TuRGIDUM, Thoms.
b. Form narrower and less turgid; thorax less
narrowed in front; elytra more shallowly
punctured. . . < - . . . P. FORMICETORUM, Kr.
B. Thorax not contracted at Baees forming a
continuous outline with elytra, which are much
dilated; basal fovee absent . . . . . . DP. GrRESSNERI, Er.
2, Hiytra black.
A. Sides of thorax strongly rounded, broadest
between middle and base, much more narrowed
in front than behind ; basal foveee absent or
very minute. . . P. EVANESCENS, Marsh.
B. Sides of thorax moder ately rounded, broadest
about middle.
a. Form broader, elytra larger, with large and
shallow confused punctures. . . . . . P. ATOMAROIDES, Mots.
b. Form narrower; elytra smaller, with rows
of rather small and deep punctures . . . P. Wanxkowtezit, Datih.
The species are variable as regards habitat; some are found in hot-
beds, dead leaves, &c., or by sweeping; others appear to live solely in
ants’ nests, while one or two are only found on the seashore in seaweed
or shingle, and a few occur under bark and in decaying wood.
P. punctatum, Gyll. (litioralis, Mots., alutacea, Gill.). Elongate-
oval, rather narrow, deep black, shining, rather sparingly clothed with
138 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ptenidium.
silvery hairs, entire upper surface impressed with large deep punctures,
which are smaller and more remote on the head, and placed more closely
together on the thorax than on the elytra, where they are distinctly
arranged in longitudinal rows; head rather small, eyes prominent,
antenne long and slender, pitchy ; thorax short, with sides rounded and
stronely margined, broadest at middle; scutellum large, with a deep
puncture on each side at base; elytra rather narrow, with sides
moderately rounded, distinctly margined, apices very obtuse, lighter ;
lees long and slender, pitchy; under-side glabrous, pitchy, with the
mouth, coxe, and apex of abdomen, lighter. L. 2 mm.
Under seaweed on the sea-coast ; sometimes in profusion in warm days in spring,
flying and settling on the low rocks and shingle; locally common; Whitstable ;
Bognor; Kingsgate; Shoreham; Littlehampton; Isle of Wizht, Ventnor, in pro-
fusion in April; Chesil Beach; Falmouth; Fowey; Plymouth; Stareross; Liver-
pool district ; Northumberland and Durham district; Scotland, Clyde district ;
Ireland, near Dublin.
®. fuscicorne, Er. (picipes, Matth.). Ovate, very convex and
shining, black, sparingly clothed with silvery hairs; head large, im-
pressed with two large punctures on each side, eyes large, prominent,
antenne rather Jong and slender, pitchy; thorax moderate, dilated
behind, broadest behind middle, and contracted just before base, with
large remote punctures irregularly scattered over disc ; scutellum large
and very broad, with a large puncture at base ; elytra rather short,
ovate, remotely and rather feebly punctured, apex lighter; legs long,
pitchy, rarely yellow. L. 7 mm.
Marshy places; in moss and at roots of grass; local but not uncommon where it
occurs; Lee; Caterham; Eltham; Gumley, Leicestershire; Parkhurst Forest (Isle
of Wight), in nests of F. rufa (J. J. Walker).
P.nitidum, Heer. (pusilium, Er.). The smallest of our species ;
ovate, strongly convex, deep black, very shining, very sparingly clothed
with extremely short silvery hairs; head large, rather prominent, eyes
large, prominent, antenn yellow, with the two apical joints more or
less fuscous ; thorax moderate, with sides strongly dilated and rounded,
broadest a little behind middle, impunctate, with four large fovew at
base, and two small fovese near anterior margin; scutellum with large
punctures; elytra ovate, broadest near shoulders and strongly narrowed
to apex which is lighter, finely and remotely punctured in rows; legs
long and slender, clear yellow; under-side shining black with coxe
yellow. L. vix } mm.
ate Sie a refuse, dung-heaps, &ec., also by sweeping ; common and ae
The very small size of this species will at once distinguish it from
our other commoner species.
P.levigatum, Gyll. Closely allied to P. nitidum, but distinguished
by its somewhat greater size, much larger head (which has three large
Ptenidium.] CLAVICORNIA. 139
punctures on each side near eye, arranged triangularly), larger eyes, and
less rounded sides of thorax, the basal fovese of which are larger; the
2 i ? : o >)
elytra also are more indistinctly punctured and are more narrowed
towards apex. . 3-7 mm.
Very rare; Gumley, Leicestershire (in moss) ; recorded by Parfitt as very rare in
the Exeter districts, and by Murray from Scotland, but these records are very probably
erroneous ; Ireland (Haliday),
P. evanescens, Marsh (apicale, Er.; terminale, Hal.). Ovate,
rather broad, strongly convex, black, very shining, with the apex of
elytra broadly rufo-testaceous, sparingly clothed with rather long silvery
hairs ; head moderate, eyes rather large, prominent, antenne long, clear
yellow, with the club more or less fuscous ; thorax rather short, broadest
behind middie, with four obsolete fovew near base, sometimes scarcely
visible, and two near anterior margin, and also a transverse impression
near posterior angles, which are obtuse; dise remotely and obsoletely
punctured ; scutellum moderate, with three punctures at base; elytra
ovate, very convex, broadest a little before middle, narrowed to apex,
with rows of shallow and rather remote punctures; legs rather long,
clear yellow, basal joints of all the tarsi slightly dilated ; under-side
black, shining, with the coxe yellow, and the mouth, and sometimes
abdomen, lighter. L. 1-14 mm.
In cut grass, vegetable and haystack refuse, hot-beds, &e.; common and generally
distributed.
P. atomaroides, Mots. Oblong oval, very convex and shining»
sparingly clothed with very short greyish hairs, deep black, with the
extreme apex of elytra lighter; head rather small, with four rather large
punctures near each eye, eyes moderate, not prominent, antenne long
and slender, clear yellow; thorax small, transverse, broadest near
middle, sides slightly rounded, with four obsolete impressions at base,
dise feebly punctured ; scutellum moderate, with two impressions near
middle ; elytra large and ample, obtuse-oval, broadest at middle, with
rather large, shallow, more or less irregular punctures; legs long and
slender, clear yellow, tibiz slightly dilated at apex. L. 1-14 mm.
In flood refuse, on the banks of rivers, &c.; local but not rare in the London
district ; Egham, Walton-on-Thames, and Weybridge, Surrey; Staines ; Sunbury ;
Brandon, Suffolk.
This species is easily distinguished from P. evanescens, to which it is
allied, by its smaller head and thorax, and much longer and broader
elytra, as well as by its sculpture.
P. Wankowiezii, Matth. (/ntermedium, Wank.). This species is
very closely allied to P. evanescens, and hardly requires a separate de-
scription ; it may be distinguished from that species by its somewhat
narrower form, more distinct sculpture, and rather smaller thorax,
which has the sides less dilated, and the basal fovee more distinctly
140 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ptenidium.
marked, and it is also less convex on the upper surface; the colour is
sometimes lighter. L. 2-1 mm.
Rare; Gumley, in vegetable refuse ; under birch bark, Scarborough (Wilkinson) ;
Mabberley, Cheshire (Chappell) ; Northumberland district (Bold); Scotland, Forth
district (Sharp).
This species has been regarded as a variety of P. evanescens, but
appears to be distinct.
P. Kraatzii, Matth. Ovate, pitchy-black, very shining, very
sparingly clothed with extremely short yellow hairs; head moderate,
with two or three large punctures near each eye, eyes large and pro-
minent, antenne long, clear yellow; thorax rather small, broadest at
middle, sides evenly and not very strongly rounded, with four plain
fovex at base, the interior pair much smaller than the exterior ; head
and thorax shallowly punctured ; scutellum large, with four impressed
punctures at base ; elytra dark rufo-piceous, often almost black, ovate,
broadest before middle, distinctly punctured in rows, apex lighter ;
legs clear yellow ; under-side rufo-piceous, mouth and coxe yellow. Me.
¢ mm.
In nests of Formica fusca; rare; first taken by Mr. Foxcroft in Scotland, pro-
bably near Rannoch, and subsequently found by myself in refuse taken from ants’
nests in Buddon Wood, Leicestershire.
This species differs from P. formicetorum by its somewhat smaller
size, narrower form, and more distinct sculpture, and also by the usually
darker colour of its elytra.
P. formicetorum, Kr. Ovate, rather short, very convex, glabrous
and shining, head and thorax black, elytra rufo-piceous, or rufo-castane-
ous, sparingly clothed with silvery hairs; head moderate, with two
fovez on vertex, eyes rather small, not prominent, antennz rather short,
clear yellow ; thorax very smooth and shining, dilated behind, broadest
behind middle, with four minute fovez at base and two very small ones
near anterior margin; scutellum moderate, with three small punctures
at base; elytra ovate, rather short, very convex, broadest before middle,
punctured int rows ; legs clear yellow, tarsi slightly dilated ; under-side
rufo-piceous, with head, coxe, and abdomen lighter. L. {- mm.
In nests of Formica rufa and F. fuliginosa; local; Chatham, Tilgate, Esher ;
Guestling, Hastings; Edghaston; Sutton and Knowle near Birmingham; Withing-
ton, Cheshire; Liverpool district; Northumberland district; a sma!l, dark form
occurs near Liverpool.
P. turgidum, Thoms. Very broad, turgid, and convex, dark pitchy-
red, sparingly clothed with very short silvery hairs; head rather short
and prominent, eyes large, strongly prominent, antennx pale yellow,
with the last two joints darker ; thorax widened behind, broadest a
little before base, with four small fovez near base and two minute fovez
near anterior margin; scutellum short and broad ; elytra rather short
Ptenidium. | CLAVICORNIA. 141
and very broad, distinctly punctured in rows, wings black visible in
some specimens beneath elytra; legs long, yellow, tibia slightly dilated ;
under-side rufo-piceous, mouth, coxe and abdomen lighter, L. 1-1}
mm.
In rotten wood, usually in company with ants; rare; Strood, Kent (Champion) ;
near London, 1862 (Waterhouse); Cobham Park; New Forest (Sharp and Gorham) ;
Scarborough (Wilkinson); Mr. Blatch has also taken it in the New Forest in
fungi.
This species may easily be known by its obtuse and turgid sabe and
the shining pitchy-red colour of the whole body.
P. Gressneri, Er. Entirely ovalin shape, with the thorax broadest
at base and continuous in outline with the elytra, a point which separates
it from our other species, which all have the thorax contracted at base ;
colour rufous or rufo-piceous ; head rather large, eyes small, antenna long,
clear yellow; thorax short, glabrous, without basal fovee ; scutellum
short and broad ; elytra broad, ovate, broadest before middle, acuminate
behind, scarcely punctured ; wings black, usually visible underneath the
transparent elytra; legs long, slender, clear yellow; under-side rufo-
piceous, with head and thorax lighter, last segment of the abdomen,
coxe, and metasternum, yellow. L. 7-1 mm.
In rotten wood, chiefly in company with F. fuliginosa; rare; discovered by Mr.
Blatch in June, 1883, in the New Forest in fungi; and subsequently found by Mr.
Gorham and Dr. Sharp in the same locality ; Mr. Blatch has since taken it in Sher-
wood Forest under bark.
CORYLOPHIDA.
The members of this family are very small, oval or rounded insects,
which approach the Trichopterygidé in having their wings fringed with
long hairs ; they differ, however, in having the maxille unilobed and the
tarsi 4-jointed (the third joint being small, and concealed in an emargi-
nation of the second joint), and in the fact that the wings are much
shorter ; the maxillary palpi are also differently formed and are some-
times very curious; the genus Aphanocephalus, which appears to be
widely distributed in the East of Asia is now rightly separated by
Mr. Matthews, and regarded as a family distinct in itself, called Pseudo-
corylophide ; the species of this genus have the maxillary palpi apparently
3-lobed, and the tarsi are truly 3-jointed ; the wings, moreover, are very
differently formed.
The Corylophide are universally distributed in the temperate and
tropical regions of the world ; at present seventeen genera and more than
150 species have been described; the Rev. A. Matthews is at present
engaged on a monograph of the group, which, when completed, will be
almost as valuable a contribution to our study of the minute Coleoptera
as his well-known “ Trichopterygia Illustrata ;” we may, therefore, expect
that the number of species will be largely increased,
142 CLAVICORNIA. [ Corylophida.
In the Annals and Magazine of Natural History (February, 1887,
p. 116), Mr. Matthews discusses the question of the position of the
family ; as it is one concerning which there has been, and still is, much
doubt, it may be well to quote his words :—‘ In our present systematic
arrangement the true Corylophidz seem to occupy a very false position.
From the pecuhar formation of their antennz, and from their large,
elongate, and either free or prominent anterior coxe, as well as from the
general arrangement of the parts of the external skeleton of their under-
side, it is impossible to overlook their close affinity to the Silphide. It
therefore appears to me that the most natural arrangement woull be to
place the Corylophidz immediately before the Silphide. Many genera
present an external appearance so like the Anisotomina that it is difficult
at first to determine whether they do or do not belong to that tribe. In
Peltinus and some others the prosternum is reduced to the smallest
possible dimensions, as it is in Agathidiuwm, and leaves the coxal cavities
open on both sides. Thus by placing the Corylophid# before the
Silphide, in proximity to the Anisotomina, a much greater harmony of
form and anatomy would be attained than by keeping them in their
present position or by removing them elsewhere. In the foregoing
remarks I refer only to the true Corylophide. Those species which I
propose to call Pseudocorylophide I would retain in the position they
now occupy near the Coccinellide.” There are six European genera
contained in the family, of which four are represented in Britain ;
Arthrolips, Woll., and Moronillus, Duv. (Gleosoma, Woll.) are of more
southern distribution.
I. Thorax emarginate at apex; head exposed; antenne
SEONG Io oo 6 ole 0 & 6.0 68 5.0 6 p =
II. Thorax semicircular, with apex rounded ; head concealed,
i. Upper surface glabrous; posterior angles of thorax
slightly prolonged; antennae 10-jointed. . . . . » Corynopnus, Steph.
ii. Upper surface pubescent.
1. Posterior angles of thorax much prolonged ; antenna
WO-jomted’: 9. 5 9s. 2 se 2 ast se Ss 4 . SSERICODERUS, Slanm,
2. Posterior angles of thorax right angles, not pro-
longed; antenne ll-jointed. . . . . =. - . . Sactum, Le Conte.
OrTHOPERUS, Steph.
ORTHOPERWUS, Stephens.
The genus Orthoperus is made up of very minute orbicular insects,
which, in comparison with the other members of the family, are some-
what depressed ; it is distinguished from the other Corylophide by its
exserted head and emarginate apex of thorax, and also by the long
incurved anterior tibia, and 9-jointed geniculate antenne, of which the
fifth joint is generally much larger than the sixth. In the last European
catalogue nine species are enumerated, of which three only have until
recently been supposed to be found in Britain. Mr. Matthews, however,
in the Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for 1885, vol. xxi., p. 107,
Orthoperus. | CLAVICORNIA. 143
published a monograph on the British species, in which he described two
new species, and brought the number found in Britain up to eight.
The larva and pupa of Orthoperus brunnipes (piceus) are figured
by Perris Ann, Fr. 1852, pl. xiv. ; the larva is 1} mm. in length, ovate,
and rather broad, narrowed in front and behind ; the head is small,
of a dirty white colour; the prothorax is large, much narrowed in
front, with a large dark divided spot; the rest of the segments are
whitish, brownish at the sides ; there are no distinct cerci; the whole
body is covered with small papille and hairs; the pupa is white without
any hairs or appendages, and is considerably narrowed in front, and
almost parallel-sided behind.
Tam indebted to the kindness of Mr. Matthews for the following
table of the species :—
I. Colour black.
i. Size large.
1. Form attenuated posteriorly . . . . . . . O. Kiuxr, Wank.
2. Form oval . SRS Looe EGG PO elo . BRUNNIPES, Gyll.
ii. Size small; surface elegantly alutaceous* . . MouNbDws, Jatth.
II. Colour castaneous or testaceous.
i. Size larger.
1. Surface impunctate, antenne very long, eas
yellow .. . ‘ 5
2. Surface of elytra distinctly and closely pune-
tured, antenne short, piceous. . . .
3. Surface alutaceous, almost impunctate, antenns
ore lad OVO, Io 6 6 A 5 co oo &
. Size smaller,
a, Surface alutaceous throughout .
2. Surface not alutaceous ; ae deeply "pune-
Portas) 2s Oe aa C 6. 8 eb tc
CoO
. CORTICALIS, Redt.
. PuncTATULUS, Matth.
. ATOMUS, Gy/ll.
. CORIACEUS, Rey.
SS eo © © OS
ATOMARIUS, Heer.
O. Kluki, Wank. (lrunnipes, Brit. Cat.). Black or pitchy-black,
short, subovate, with the elytra somewhat attenuate behind; antennie
rather long, with club pitchy ; thorax transverse, narrowed in front, con-
tinuous in outline with elytra; elytra with apex often lighter, very finely
and diffusely punctured; legs piceous. L. 7-1 mm.
In moss, vegetable refuse, &c.; local, but not uncommon in some places; Putney,
Leith Hill, Cobbam, Loughton, Sheerness; Burwell Fen; New Forest; Scotland,
local, Forth and Dee districts.
O. brunnipes, Gyll. (nec Brit. Cat.). The species that bears this
name in the continental collections differs from O. Kluki, as remarked by
Mr. Matthews /. c. p. 108, in its rather smaller size, perfectly oval form,
which is not attenuate behind, paler legs and antenna, and especially by
a distinct row of punctures within the basal margin of the thorax.
L. = mm.
One British specimen is at present known, which is in Mr. Wilkinson’s
* Immature specimens of this species are more or less castancous.
144 CLAVICORNIA. [ Orthoperus.
collection, now in the possession of Mr. Mason, and was probably taken
at Scarborough.
©. mundus, Matth. Broad, rounded, slightly depressed, deep
black, alutaceous, not shining; head large, eyes very prominent, antennz
rather long, yellow, with the club pitchy-black and the fifth joint longer
but not broader than the sixth. Thorax broad, widest at the base, mi-
nutely alutaceous, with three faint impressions near the base, margins pale,
posterior angles nearly right angles. Elytra widest near middle, rather
deeply alutaceous, marked with small equi-distant punctures arranged in
striw, margins pale, apex much rounded and pale; legs short, very
slender, anterior tibia much incurved ; under-side pitchy. L. $ mm.
This species was found rather commonly by the Rev. A. Matthews and his brothers
in a small spot at Weston-on-the-Green, Oxfordshire, but has never been met with
in any other locality.
O. corticalis, Redt. This is the largest of the pale castaneous
species ; it may be known by its broadly oval form, pale castaneous
colour, and bright yellow legs and antenn, of which the fifth joint is
scarcely longer than the sixth; the anterior tibia are unusually long and
much ineurved. L. 1 mm.
Two specimens have been taken by the Rev. A. Matthews in Sherwood Forest ; it
has also occurred at Leith Hill, Surrey.
O. punctatulus, Matth. Oval, moderately convex, shining, cas-
taneous, alutaceous throughout, with the elytra rather closely punctured ;
head moderate, eyes not prominent, antennze rather short, ferruginous,
with the club black, sixth joint not smaller than the fifth ; thorax small,
indistinctly punctured, with margins yellow ; elytra long, widest near the
middle, with apex obtuse; legs rather large, ferruginous. L. $ mm.
One specimen taken by Mr. Matthews near Gumley, Leicestershire, is the only
example known.
©. atomus, Gyll. This species may be distinguished by its short
oval and rather convex form, remote and almost invisible punctuation,
and large yellow antennee, of which the fifth joint is much larger than
the sixth ; legs yellow. L. 2 mm.
In vegetable and haystack refuse, &c., Leith Hill, Surrey, Sheerness, The Holt,
Farnham, Weston-super-Mare ; Robin’s Wood, Repton; Ireland, near Waterford.
Mr. Matthews says that it is the most abundant of the British species ; it is probably
widely distributed, but often overlooked, owing to its minute size; this also is most
likely the case with several of the other species.
O. coriaceus, Rey. This species may be known by its small size,
oval and rather narrow shape, somewhat bright, though dark, castaneous
colour, small head and thorax, large shallow punctures on elytra, robust
yellow antennze, and long slender legs. L. } mm.
Found in the London district, but I do not know the locality.
Orthoperus. | CLAVICORNIA. 145
O. atomarius, Heer. The smallest species of the genus; ovate,
rather convex, of a pale castaneous or testaceous colour, with the sides
and apex of elytra sometimes rather darker; sculpture distinct, although
delicate ; the colour and minute size will at once distinguish it from all
the other species. L. $ mm.
Found abundantly by Mr. Crotch at Devizes, and in small numbers by Professor
Allen Harker at Gloucester ; it occurs in cellars, and feeds on the fungus Zasmidium
cellare. Professor Harker tells me that he once dissected out the cesophagus of one
of these insects, and that he found it full of chopped mycelium ; it is found in company
with Atomaria nigripennis and certain species of Cryptophagus.
CORYLOPHUS, Stephens.
Only two European spegies are contained in this genus, both of which
are found in Britain ; the species are distinguished from Orthoperus by
having the head concealed, and the thorax semicircular with apex
rounded, and from Sericoderus and Sacium by having the upper surface
glabrous ; authors differ with regard to the number of joints of the
antennz ; some mention them as 10-jointed, others as 9-jointed; as a
matter of fact, they appear to be really, if not apparently, 10-jointed.
I. Colour darker; punctuation of elytra distinct . . . C. cassrprorpEs, Marsh.
II. Colour lighter; punctuation of elytra scarcely visible . C. SUBLEVIPENNIS, Duv.
C. cassidioides, Marsh. Short oval, moderately convex, more or
less narrowed to apex, pitchy-black, with the margins of thorax and more
or less of the apical half of the elytra reddish-testaceous ; the colour is
variable, the thorax being sometimes entirely reddish-testaceous except
for a dark spot on disc ; head fuscous, plainly visible beneath the trans-
parent anterior margin of thorax, antenne testaceous ; thorax semicircular,
with posterior angles acute and somewhat prominent, very finely and
diffusely punctured and distinctly alutaceous ; elytra very plainly punc-
tured towards base, almost impunctate at apex, distinctly alutaceous ;
abdomen black, very finely pubescent; legs entirely testaceous, L.
2 mm.
In vegetable refuse, decaying seaweed, at roots of plants, &c.; not uncommon in
many localities in the London district and the South of England. Darenth Wood,
Reigate, Putney, Gravesend, Sheerness; Birchington ; Brighton; Glanvilles Wootton ;
Isle of Wight; Weymouth; Devon; Swansea; Wicken and Quy Fens, Cambridge ;
Salford Priors, Evesham ; Ireland, Malahide, near Dublin; it has not apparently beeu
found in the North of England or in Scotland.
C. subleevipennis, Duy. Very like the preceding, but easily dis-
tinguished by its lighter colour (the thorax being, as a rule, entirely
testaceous), shorter form, and less close punctuation, which is more diffuse
and much finer on the elytra ; the elytra are also less contracted behind.
L, 2 mm.
In vegetable refuse, flood refuse, &e.; rare; first described as taken in Britain at
Weymouth in the autumn of 1863 by Mr. Crotch and Dr, Sharp; Mr. Matthews,
you. II. 7
146 CLAVICORNIA. [ Corylophus.
however, has specimens in his possession taken long before this date. Reigate ;
Southsea ; Gravesend; Herne Bay ; Weymouth; Selsea Bill, under stones near shore.
I believe that it has been taken in Ireland by Haliday.
SERICORERWS, Stephens.
Two European species are contained in this genus; it may easily be
known from Corylophus by its pubescent upper surface, and also by its
broad, subparallel elytra, which are subtruncate, although rounded, at
apex ; from Saciwm it differs in having the posterior angles of the thorax
acute and strongly produced.
S. lateralis, Gyll. Rather short, broad, subovate, with the elytra
subparallel, very gradually narrowed to apex which is broad and subtrun-
cate ; colour testaceous or reddish-testaceous, with the head blackish, very
distinctly apparent beneath the transparent anterior margin of thorax ;
upper surface clothed with long pale pubescence; antenne 10-jointed ;
thorax subtransverse, semicircular, with the posterior angles acute and
produced, scarcely punctured ; elytra considerably convex towards base
and gradually depressed towards apex, very finely punctured, broader at
base than thorax ; legs testaceous, LL. } mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse ; local; London district, generally distributed and
common; Folkestone; Glanvilles Wootton; Cheddar; Repton; Lincoln; Ireland,
near Waterford.
SACEUM, Le Conte (Clypeaster, Latr.).
This genus is very widely spread over the surface of the globe, and will
probably prove to bea very numerous one. Several very interesting species
have lately been discovered by Mr, Champion in Central America, and have
been described by Mr. Matthews; it is distinguished by its 11-jointed
antenne from all our other Corylophide, and may be separated from
Sericoderus, to which it is most closely allied, by having the posterior
angles of the thorax right angles and not produced ; eight European
species are known, of which one only is found in Britain ; only two
specimens, however, have hitherto been taken in this country,
S. pusillum, Gyll. Oblong-oval, not strongly convex, rather shin-
ing, clothed with thick pale pubescence ; colour black with the thorax
testaceous with fuscous disc; the colour of the thorax is, however, vari-
able and scmetimes is pitchy-black with two spots at apex, and the
margins, yellowish-brown ; upper surface very finely punctured; thorax
not transverse, with the posterior angles right angles, not produced, base
slightly produced before scutellum ; legs reddish-brown or fuscous. LL.
13-2 mm.
Under bark ; very rare; one specimen was taken many yearsago by Mr. Wollaston,
but was, I believe, accidentally destroyed, and a second has been recently found on an
oranze in Birmingham by Mr, W. G. Blatch.
Sphertide.] CLAVICORNIA. 147
SPHARIIDA.
This family contains one genus, Sphwrius, which is closely allied to the
Trichopterygide on the one hand and the Corylophide on the other; the
form is very small, round, convex, and glabrous; the maxilla have only
one lobe; the antenne are 11-jointed with a loose 3-jointed club; the
intermediate and posterior coxe are distant, the tarsi are 3-jointed, and
the abdomen is composed of three segments ; the wings are fringed with
long hairs.
SPHIEERIUS, Waltl. (Microsporus, Kol.).
Two species are contained in this genus, S. acaroides from Europe, and
S. politus from California ; it will, however, probably prove to be more
extensive. *
S. acaroides, Walt]. (obsidianus, Kol.). A very minute, round,
convex species; black, glabrous, very shining; thorax transverse, much
broader at base than apex, with sides very little rounded ; elytra
broadest in middle ; antenne yellowish in middle; legs pitchy-brown.
L. 2 mm.
In marshy places, on mud, or under stones near water; first taken by Rev. A. Mate
thews at Weston-on-the-Green, Oxfordshire, in 1845, secondly by Rev. H. Matthews
at Gumley, Leicestershire in 1855, and subsequently in plenty in Wicken Fen, Cam-
bridgeshire by Mr, Crotch.
PHALACRIDA.
This family consists of some five or six genera of ovate or sub-hemi-
spherical convex insects, which are found in flowers or under bark; the
species are very shining and scarcely, if at all, pubescent ; the head is
inserted, with the eyes half hidden; the antenne are 11-jointed with
club 3-jointed; the thorax is truncate at base, margined at sides ; the
mesosternum, which is very short, is emarginate and receives the pro-
longed prosternum; the anterior coxal cavities are open behind ; + the
tarsi are 5-jointed.
I. All the tarsi of equal length ; tibia without distinct apical
spurs; last joint of maxillary palpislender. . . . . - Praracevs, Payk.
II. Posterior tarsi longer than the anterior and intermediate
pairs; tibiae with distinct apical spurs; last joint of
maxillary palpi oval.
i. Metasternum prolonged beyond intermediate cox ; elytra
with two deeper stria near suture . . . - . . « + OLIBRUS, Er.
ii. Metasternum not prolonged beyond intermediate cox ;
elytra with one deeper stria near suture . . . - + + Srizsus, Seidl.
* Since I wrote the above Mr. Matthews has informed me that he has eight or ten
undescribed species.
+ Thomson in error says that they are closed (Skand, Col. i. 65).
L 2
=
148 CLAVICORNIA. [| Phalacrus.
PHALACRUWS, Paykull.
This genus contains about thirty or forty species which are widely
distributed, representatives occurring in North America, Cuba, South
America, India, Ceylon, New Caledonia, &e. ; it will probably ih found
to comprise a much larger number of species than are at present known ;
there are about a dozen members of the genus found in Europe, of which
five occur in Britain ; these are all shining black insects, bearing a close
resemblance to one another, and are mostly taken by sweeping herbage.
The species may be divided as follows, but the differences, as will be
seen, are mainly comparative, although obvious when the insects are
viewed side by side.
J. Form ovate, more or less convex.
i. Size larger; elytra with scarcely visible traces of
punctured striz; interstices very finely and closely
ee 5. c P. corruscus, Payk.
. Size smaller ; elytra with moderately distinct ‘although
finely punctured striz ; interstices much less closely
punctured.
1. Form rather depressed, not acuminate behind ;
punctures of strie of elytra closer and less
distinct.
A. Shorter oval; punctures of striz more delicate
and of interstices almost obsolete . .. . P. Brisouti, Rye.
B. Longer oval ; punctures of striz and interstices
more distinct . oe wee . P. BRUNNIPES, Bris.
2. Form very convex, subglobose, acuminate behind ;
punctures of strie of elytra less close and more
distinct. . . 5 0 ¢ . P. SUBSTRIATUS, Gyll.
II. Form elliptical, upper surface rather depressed ; 7 sculp-
ture of elytra rather distinct . . . . . . . |. . P.canicis, Sturm.
P. corruscus, Payk. Oval, broad, convex, shining-black; head
very finely punctured, anterior margin sinuate in male, truncate in
female ; antenne black, long and slender, with a slender but well-
marked club; mandibles often projecting, terminating in a trifid point ;
thorax very finely punctured, slightly sinuate on each side near scutellum ;
elytra with a distinct sutural stria which is abbreviated in front, and
with very fine traces of other striz, interstices extremely closely and
finely punctured ; under-side black, clothed with short greyish hairs ;
legs black with the claws reddish-brown, sometimes entirely brownish,
intermediate femora terminating in an obtuse tooth at apex, posterior
femora rounded at apex; size variable. L. 13-3 mm.
In flowers, by sweeping, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout the
London and southern districts, and rather common in the Midlands; rarer further
north; Durham district, South Shields; Scotland, local, Tweed and Solway
districts.
V. Humberti, Tourn. This variety differs from the type in the
somewhat stronger punctuation of the elytra and in the shape of the
Phalacrus. | OLAVICORNIA. 149
club of the antenne; it is a small form, being about 1}-2} mm. in
length; it was introduced as a new species in Ent. Monthly Mag. ix.
37, but was afterwards abandoned as only a form of P. corruscus in
Ent. Monthly Mag. xii. 177; it occurs not uncommonly in the
London district, Sheerness, Chatham, Caterham, Darenth Wood,
Whitstable, &e.
P. Brisouti, Rye. Closely allied to P. corruscus, from which it
differs in its average smaller size, its rather lighter-coloured fore-legs,
tarsi, and antenne, the club of which is rather broader and not so long,
and in its elytra being more obtusely rounded behind, and furnished
with more evident, although very fine, punctured striw, the punctures
of the interstices being much less close ; the apical joint of the antennae
is conspicuously broader and shorter, and not so acuminate, but slightly
flexuous on the inner-side towards the apex. L. 14-2 mm.
By sweeping in damp places; rare; Rainham ; Lewisham; Gravesend; Sheppy;
Deal.
P. brunnipes, Bris. This species appears to be very closely allied
to P. Brisouti from which it differs in its somewhat longer ovate form,
and in the rather more distinct punctured strize of elytra; it is also
‘more convex ; the interstices of the elytra which are confusedly and
almost obsoletely punctured in P. Brisouti are furnished with an irre-
gular row of punctures which are more feeble than those of the strize ;
the species is also allied to P. substriatus, but differs in its lighter-
coloured antenne and legs, its more elongate form, the more elongate
club of its antenne, and the more obsolete and more finely punctured
strie of its elytra. L. 13-2 mm.
By sweeping on the banks of rivers and on the coast; rare; Lee pit (Rye) ;
Lymington (Sharp) ; Chatham and Sheerness (Champion and J. J. Walker).
P. substriatus, Gyll. This species is-very distinct by reason of its
short oval, very convex subglobose form, and plainly punctured striz of
elytra; the elytra are somewhat acuminate behind, and the punctures of
the strie are larger and set rather further apart than in the allied species,
and the interstices are extremely finely punctured; the antenne are
blackish, with the club rather distinct and broad, the apical joint being
blunt ; the under surface is clothed with fine greyish hairs, and the last
segment of the abdomen is furnished with blackish sete; the legs are
blackish, rarely brownish, with the claws lighter. L. 2 mm.
By sweeping, &c. ; rare; Isleof Wight ; New Forest ; Hunstanton ; Scarborough ;
Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Tweed and Solway districts.
P. caricis, Sturm. Elliptical, only slightly convex, deep black ;
antenn blackish, with the club moderately long but rather stout and
distinct, last joint obtuse ; thorax short, strongly rounded at sides, base
sinuate on each side near scutellum, very finely and obsoletely punctured
159 CLAVICORNIA, [ Phalacrus.
towards sides; elytra finely striate, with a rather close and regular row
of very fine punctures near each siria, and each interstice furnished with
a longitudinal row of punctures which are somewhat obsolete, although
hardly smaller than those near striz; the sutural stria is rather deep
behind ; under-side with short and thin greyish pubescence ; legs dark
pitechy-brown; the shape and soa will distinguish this from the
allied species. Size variable. L. 13-2; mm.
By sweeping in marshy places, on Carex. &c. ; local; Norwood; Cowley ; Shipley,
near Horsham ; Brandon, Suffolk ; Norwich ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Devon ; Swansea ;
Horning, Wicken and Burwell Fens ; 3 Coleshill and Knowle, near Birmingham ; not
recorded from further north.
OLIBRUS, L[richson.
This genus, taken in its widest sense, as including S/i/bus, comprises
about fifty species, which are very widely distributed, representatives
being found in North and South America, South Africa, Ceylon, &e. ;
they are usually taken in flowers or at the roots of plants; thirteen
species of the genus Olibrus proper occur in Europe, of which seven are
found in Britain; the genus is distinguished from Ste/bus by having
the metasternum prolonged between the intermediate coxe, and the
posterior femora emarginate and not widened on their inferior margin.
J. Head and thorax brown; elytra reddish or brownish-
yellow, with the suture a and outer margin brown . . O. CORTICALIS, Panz.
Jl. Upper surface biack or brownish with or without a
more or less distinct metallic reflection.
. Length 2-25 mm.
i Berens black with basal joints reddish ; upper
surface black with a metallic green tinge . . . O. HNEUS, F.
2. Antenne yellow or yellowish-red
A. Colour brownish, gradually lighter towards apex;
posterior angles of thorax obtuse. . O. nIquipus, Zr.
B. Colour deep bronze black ; posterior angles of
thorax sharp right angles, slightly produced.
a. Form longer and narrower. ~ 2 = . e OF PARTIORRS, Mais:
b, Form shorter and broader. . . . . . . QO. HELVETICUS, Tourn.
il. Length less than 2 mm,
1. Form broader and more convex; upper surface
not lighter towards apex ; agi: ees of thorax
5 tee ‘angles e Ono : . . . O. MiILLEroni, Payk.
. Form narrower and less convex ; upper surface
aieuiet towards apex; posterior angles of thorax
Cie ey ob dle Gace Aviwecl Heo of 4, Os mNGhion Sarus
©. corticalis, Panz. Oval, convex, shining; elytra testaceous with
the suture and margins brown, head and thorax brownish; head ver
8 ’ ; ; ery
finely and obsoletely punctured ; antennz reddish-yellow ; thorax im-
punctate, rather lighter at sides, posterior margin sinuate near scutellum ;
clytra with two distinct strix near suture, and with very feeble traces of
other striz, interstices irregularly and very finely and delicately punc-
? oO
Olibrus.] CLAVICORNIA, 151
tured ; legs and under-side reddish-yellow ; male with-the secon joint
of the anterior tarsi slightly dilated. L. 23-3 mm.
By sweeping, and sometimes by beating; local, but rather common in some places ;
London district, generally distributed and not uncommon ; Hastings; Eastbourne ;
Isle of Wight ; Bournemouth ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Exeter ; Swansea ; Huntingdon-
shire; Sandringham, Norfolk; Northumberland district, rare, Hetton Hall, near
Belford; Scotland, very rare, Forth district; Ireland, near Dublin; the species
appears to be very rare in the Midland counties, if it occurs at all; I have never met
with it, and Mr. Blatch does not mention it in his list.
©. weneus, F. (multistriatus, Zett.). Rather long-oval, convex, nar-
rowed behind, black with a greenish-metallic reflection, very shining ;
head exceedingly finely punctured ; antenne black with the basal joints
reddish (a character that will distingu‘sh it from all the other species
except O. millefolii, which sometimes has the club dark, but is a very
mucii smaller and quite black insect); thorax sparingly and very finely,
almost invisibly, punctured, posterior margin sinuate on each side near
scutellum ; elytra with two distinct strie near suture, and with the other
strie very fine but moderately distinct for a member of the genus, inter-
stices very finely punctured ; under-side pitchy-brown with thin and fine
greyish pubescence ; legs variable in colour, as a rule pitchy, but occa-
sionally pitchy-reddish or even yellowish; the apex of the elytra is
sometimes obscurely pitchy. L. 2-2; mm.
By sweeping, in flowers, &e.; common and generally distributed in the London
district and the south, and not uncommon, although somewhat local, in the Midlands ;
rarer further north; Northumberland district, local and rare; Scotland, Tweed
district. Murray records the species as generally distributed, but Dr, Sharp has
only met with it in the Cheviot district, so that Murray is probably im error, espe-
cially if we consider the distribution of the insect in England. Ireland, near Dublin
and Waterford. It appears to be attached to Matricaria chamomilla.
©. liquidus, Er. Oblong-ovate, pitchy-black or browish, more or
less gradually lighter towards apex of elytra ; head very finely punctured,
antenne and palpi yellow or reddish-yellow ; thorax slightly rounded at
sides, upper surface very finely punctured, posterior angles obtuse ; elytra
with the two strie near suture distinct, and with the other strie mode-
rately distinct but very fine; interstices finely punctured; legs and
under-side reddish-yellow ; male with the second joint of the anterior
{arsi very slightly enlarged. L. 2-25 mm.
By sweeping, in flowers, &e. ; local ; London district, common and generally dis-
tributed; Harwich; Dover; New Forest; Bournemouth ; Weymouth; Weston-
super-Mare; Tenby (common in flowers of Hieracium on the cliffs towards
Lydstep) ; Barmouth ; not recorded from the Midland districts, the north of England
or Scotland.
Q. bicolor has until recently been included in the British list, but has
been diopped on the ground that the examples so named are merely
large specimens of OQ. liquidus; I have, however, a specimen from Dr.
Power's collection which in some points agrees very. well with the
152 CLAVICORNIA. [ Olibrus,
desciiptions of O. bicolor; the latter is apparently a larger and more
ovate insect and more brightly coloured towards apex of elytra; it is
also less convex and less narrowed behind, and has the two sutural
strize deeper than in O. liquidus, but the rest of the strize rather more
distinct ; in all the other characters except the striation the specimen
given me by Dr. Power agrees with this description, in the latter
character, however, it agrees with O. liquidus; the occurrence of tran-
sitional forms makes it probable that the two species are not really
distinct. Dr. Power’s specimens appear to represent O. Uicolor, var.
jlavicornis of Waterhouse’s catalogue.
O. particeps, Muls. (afinis, Brit. Cat., nee Sturm.). Oval, convex,
glabrous, upper-side black or pitchy-black, very shining, under-side
reddish-testaceous ; head short, eyes prominent, mouth parts yellow ;
antenne moderately long, testaceous yellow, with the last joint rather
long ; thorax transverse, narrowed in front, broadly emarginate at apex,
subtruncate at base, with the posterior angles sharp right angles, somewhat
pro luced, almost impunctate; elytra oval, slightly rounded at sides, a»
little narrowed towards apex, very convex, with two striz near suture
well marked, and the other strie very fine, almost obsolete on disc,
interstices obsoletely punctured ; legs rather short, yellowish. L.
2-235 mm.
By sweeping, &c.; rare; Boundstone; Weybridge; Folkestone; Glanvilles
Wootton.
This species has always been regarded as O. afinis until com-
paratively recently; that species, however, appears to differ from it
shghtly in being longer and less metallic; it is, however, very closely
related to it; the alteration of name was made by Mr. Rye (Ent.
Monthly Mag. ix. 38).
O. helveticus, Tourn. Of this species I know nothing beyond the
notice given of it by Mrz Rye (Ent. Monthly Mag. xii. 177); he says
that a single example, taken by Mr. Champion at Caterham, in July,
1872, had been returned to him by M. Tourniér with this name, and
that its shining black colour and rather evident elytral punctuation dis-
tinguish it from all known British species except O. particeps, from which
its broader and shorter form will suffice to separate it. As the name is
given as O. helveticus, Tourniér MS., it seems that M. Tourniér described
the species on this example, and as the allied species are so closely con-
nected it seems to require further confirmation. In the british catalogue
published by Mr. Matthews and myself we omitted the species, but as it
is included by Dr. Sharp in his last catalogue, and also in the European
catalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise, it appears to be best to insert
it provisionally, although it may turn out to be only a variety of one of
the closely allied species.
Olibrus. | CLAVICORNIA. 1538
O. millefolii, Payk. A small species, oval, very short and strongly
convex, subglobose, deep black, very shining; head very finely punc-
tured, antenne sometimes yellow, sometimes dusky yellowish, with the
club and sometimes the first joint brownish, palpi black ; thorax impunc-
tate, with the base slightly sinuate on each side near scutellum, posterior
angles right angles ; elytra with the two striz near suture well marked,
the other stric very fine and very finely punctured, interstices extremely
finely punctured ; under-side clothedwith thin greyish pubescence ; legs
sometimes black, but often lighter, and sometimes even yellowish, second
joint of anterior tarsi considerably dilated in male. L. 13-1% mm.
By sweeping; on flowers of Achillea millefolium ; Claygate, Caterham, Lee,
Horsell, Southend ; Brandon, Suffolk; Horning Fen; Kingsgate; Devon, Exmouth.
Examples of this species with dark antenne are very like small speci-
mens of QO. @neus, but may be distinguished by having no greenish
metallic tinge on the elytra, and by the more convex and shorter oval
form which is less narrowed behind,
O. pygmeeus, Sturm. LElongate-oval, strongly convex, black,
shining, usually pitchy towards apex; antenne yellow or brownish-
yellow ; palpi brownish-red ; thorax as in the preceding species, but
with the posterior angles obtuse ; elytra with the two striae near suture
distinct, and with traces of other strie, interstices extremely finely
punctured ; under-side pitchy-brown, legs reddish-brown; very closely
allied to O. millefoldi, but distinctly more elongate and narrower, with
the posterior angles of thorax not right angles, and the elytra pitchy
towards apex. L. 1-14 mm.
By sweeping; not common ; Darenth Wood, Shirley, Caterham, Ashtead, Woking,
Cobham ; Weybridge; Ashwicken; Horning Fen; Wickham and Burwell Fens;
Cromer ; Ipswich.
In L’Abeille, 1885, Clavicornes, p. 18, the localities for O. uliczs,
Gyll., are given as “ Suéde, Angleterre ;” the species, however, has not
been recognized as from England by British Entomologists ; it appears
to be closely allied to O. wneus, but nearly as small as O. pygmaeus, from
which it differs in its less ovate and elongate form, and the more distinct
metallic reflection of its elytra; it is smaller, shorter, more convex and
less metallic than O. eneus.
STILBUS, Seidlitz.
This genus has usually been included under Olibrus, but is distinguished
by not having the metasternum prolonged beyond the intermediate coxe,
and by the fact that the femora are widened and rounded on their
inferior border; there are five European species of which three are found
in Britain.
154 CLAVICORNIA. [Stilbus.
I. Size larger, less elongate, and more convex; pose
terior angles of thorax right angles.
i. Upper surface lighter or darker brown ; becoming
plainly lighter towards apex; elytra more nar-
rowed towards apex. » . + s « +» .) « « « |S. DESPACEUS, Panz,
(geminus, Ill.).
ii. Upper surface brownish-black, obscurely lighter
towards apex; elytra scarcely narrowed to apex . 8. ATOMARTUS, L.
(piceus, Steph.).
II. Size smaller, more elongate, and less convex ; pos-
terior angles of thorax somewhat obtuse; upper
surface nearly black; elytra either gradually or
suddenly lighter before apex. . . . . . . . S, OBLONGUS, Er.
S. testaceus, Panz. (geminus, Ill. ; consimilis, Marsh). Short oval,
convex, darker or lighter brown passing into testaceous towards apex of
elytra; head and thorax impunctate, antenne and mouth parts reddish-
yellow ; thorax with the basal margin scarcely sinuate near scutellum,
posterior angles sharp right angles; elytra with one stria near suture
plainly marked, and with very slight traces of other striz, interstices
smooth and shining; under-side reddish-brown, prosternum behind set
with long hairs ; legs yellowish, tarsi paler, male with the second joint
of the anterior tarsi rather distinctly widened. L. 2-25 mm.
By sweeping, occasionally in haystack refuse, moss, &c.; abundant and generally
distributed in the London district and the South, and not uncommon in the Midlands ;
I do not, however, kuow of any record further north than Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire ;
it is not recorded from the Northumberland district or from Scotland.
S. atomarius, L. (piceus, Steph.). Allied to the preceding but
smaller, less convex, and more strongly rounded in front and behind, so
that it appears more elongate and parallel-sided; the colour also is
different, being blackish-brown, or pitchy-black, gradually passing into
pitchy-reddish-brown or obscure pitchy-brown at apex ; the elytra are
considerably less narrowed behind ; the under-side is blackish-brown, with
the last segment of abdomen and the legs reddish-brown; the pro-
sternum behind is set with a distinct circle of longer hairs; the elytra
have one stria near suture plain and very faint traces of other striw, the
interstices being impunctate ; occasionally examples occur with the striz
a little more distinct. L. 14-2 mm.
By sweeping; rare; Bungay and Ditchingam, Suffolk; West Ditton; Wicken
Fen.
S. cblongus, Er. Rather smaller than the preceding, less convex
and more elongate, and more narrowed in front and behind ; colour
variable, often very dark pitchy-brown almost black, obscurely lighter
towards apex, sometimes suddenly and distinctly testaceous before apex,
and occasionally entirely reddish-yellow (these specimens, however, are
probably more or less immature); the head is very finely punctured,
and the thorax very finely and obsoletely punctured, with the hind
Stilbus. | CLAVICORNIA. 155
margin not visibly sinuate near scutellum, and the posterior angles a
little obtuse, and not sharp right angles as in the two preceding species ;
elytra with one stria near suture well marked, and with other very fine
longitudinal strie, the interstices being each furnished with a regular
row of fine punctures, which are scarcely visible except under a ‘high
magnifying power; under-side brownish, last segment of abdomen and
legs reddish, or reddish-yellow ; prosternum without a circle of hairs
De ? f )
behind. L. 15-12 mm.
Marshy places; in the stems of Typha latifolia ; local but sometimes common where
: y pl J yp
it occurs; Snodland (Kent), Chatham, Gravesend, Sheppy, Dagenham; formerly
found at Notting Hill; Birchington and Pegwell Bay ; Hastings; Horning Fen.
It is worthy of notice that only four species of Phalacridee are recorded
from Scotland, and these are all local or rare in that country.
COCCINELLIDE.
Of all the families of the Coleoptera there is hardly any which is at
present in a more unsatisfactory state as regards classification than the
Coccinellidz ; many of the recognized genera rest on what appear to be
purely specific differences, and these not always very strong ones ; a great
deal of labour has been spent upon the family by Crotch, Mulsant, and
others, and lately Herr Weise in the ‘‘ Bestimmungs-Tabellen der Euro-
paischen Coleoptera” has given us a most useful monograph of the
European species ; a complete and thorough revision, however, of all the
exotic genera is needed before we ‘can at “all attain to a correct idea of
the group. Mr. Gorham is at present studying the family and collecting
materials, but the genera and species are so numerous that we can hardly
expect such a work from one who is so much occupied with other groups.
According to the Munich catalogue the family contains 1450 species
belonging to 104 genera; since the publication of the catalogue the
increase may be roughly estimated at about ten per cent.; of these only
about fifty species belonging to fifteen or sixteen genera occur in Britain.
With regard to the general distribution of the Coccinellide Mr. Gorham
writes to me as follows :—‘“ The distribution is very remarkable and
different to either of the two groups just mentioned (Endomychide and
Erotylide), being, if I may call it so, more universal, every known part
of the globe which supports any insect life having, as far as I can speak,
an average number; the genera are very badly defined ; hence my ideas
of geographical genera seem quite upset; Halyzia, for instance, has
representatives in Europe, North and South America, China, Japan,
India, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands; or if again we take the
large genus Epilachna (containing 223 species), although it has an
Eastern and a New World type very different in appearance, yet these
cannot be separated generically without the process (which must at last
take place) of subdivision into many genera, as there are contingents from
156 CLAVICORNIA, [ Coccinellida.
every part of the world, and these not very much differentiated. I
think that a careful analysis of the Coccinellidee would show that they
are a northern temperate zone family, the tropical species having rather
the appearance of being derived, than of being autochthonous.”
The family may be known by the following characters : form convex,
semi-globose or more rarely oblong-oval; head usually sunk in thorax
which is emarginate in front ; species usually glabrous, but in some groups
pubescent ; on this latter character Mulsant divides the family into two
large series, the Gymnosomides and the Trichosomides ; the maxille are
bilobed, and the maxillary palpi are 4-jointed, with the last joint large
and almost always securiform; the antenne are moderate, short, or very
short, inserted at the inner front margin of the eyes, with the base
exposed or covered by a lobe of the clypeus ; thorax transverse ; meso-
sternum short, metasternum rather large ; abdomen usually with five free
ventral segments, but occasionally with six or seven; the first segment is
the longest, and is usually furnished with more or less distinct curved
coxal lines, which are often made use of as generic characters ; legs
short, more or less retractile, tarsi apparently three-jointed, but in
reality four-jointed, the third joint being very minute and concealed in
the lobes of the second joint ; asa rule, however, they are now considered
and spoken of as three-jointed, as is the case with other families which
were formerly reckoned under the old group Pseudotrimera.
The family may be divided into two series as follows :—
Mandibles with more than two teeth at apex . . COCCINELLIDE PHYTOPHAGH.
Mandibles simple or bifidat apex . . . . « « COCCINELLIDH APHIDIPHAGE.
COCCINELLIDZA PHYTOPHAGZ.
Of this series, which contains the large genus Hpilachna and a few
other small genera, only one genus and one species are found in Britain ;
the members of the series are, during all peiiods of their growth, plant-
feeders, and not carnivorous.
SUBCOCCINELLA, Huber (Lasia, Mulsant).
This genus contains one species which has been described under
various names from different parts of Europe and the Caucasus, and from
Algeria ; it is very variable as regards colour, no fewer than twenty-
three forms being mentioned by Mulsant (Securipalpes, pp. 198-205).
S. vigintiquatuorpunctata, L. (Lasia globosa, Schneid.). Very
convex, almost hemispherical, not very shining, clothed with thick and
very distinct greyish pubescence of a reddish or ferruginous colour, with
black spots and patches on thorax and elytra, which are very variable,
and are sometimes but rarely absent ; the upper surface is thickly but
distinctly punctured ; antenne reddish-testaceous, moderately long with
Subcoccinella. | CLAVICORNIA. 157
somewhat elongate club; thorax short, broadest behind ; elytra some-
what raised a little before middle; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 24—
3 mm.
Sixth ventral segment subtruncate in male, somewhat rounded in
female.
By sweeping herbage in woods, lanes, &c.; often found in moss in winter ; locally
common; Shirley, Mickleham, Chatham, Whitstable, Southend, &c.; Hastings ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; Swansea; Barmouth ; Huntingdonshire ; apparently
very rare in the Midland counties, and not recorded from the Northumberland and
Durham districts ; Filey, Yorkshire ; Lancaster, on Arundo phragmites ; Scotland,
rare, Solway and Tweed districts.
This insect is found, according to Mulsant, on Saponaria officinalis,
vetches, lucerne, clovers, and varicus other plants, and also on certain
trees ; 1t gnaws the parenchyma of the leaves, and makes marks on them
as with a four-toothed comb as might be expected from the formation of
the mandibles ; the larva lives on the same plants; it is yellowish, of
somewhat elliptical shape, and more or less spinose, with a few dark
markings, and with the last segment furnished with a small nipple-like
anal appendage.
COCCINELLIDZ APHIDIPHAGSA.
The whole of the species belonging to this series are carnivorous, and
in all their stages feed as a rule on Aphides; they are, therefore, of the
greatest service to the farmer and the gardener; Coccinellide are often
found in swarms on and about blighted fruit-trees, and many people
erroneously assign the blighted appearance of the trees to the beetles, the
true state of the case being that the beetles are attracted by the abun-
dant supply of their usual food ; in all probability no form of life, if we
except perhaps the very lowest forms such as the bacteria, has a greater
power of reproducing itself than the aphis; the females are both
oviparous and viviparous, and one connection with the male suffices for
the production of broods for many generations ; the generations succeed
one another very rapidly, and Réaumur calculates that one aphis may be
the progenitor of the enormous number of 5,904,900,000 individuals
during the month or six weeks of her existence ; the whole of this
interesting question will be found fully discussed in Buckton’s Monograph
of British Aphides, vol. i., pp. 76, &c. ; Professor Huxley (Linn. Trans.,
vol. xxii., p. 215) makes a curious calculation, which is quoted by
Buckton ; he shows that, assuming that an aphis weighs as little as —3,5
of a grain, and that it requires aman to be very stout to weigh more than
two million grains, the tenth brood of Aphides alone, without adding the
products of all the generations which precede the tenth, would, if all the
members survived the perils to which they are exposed, contain more
ponderable substance than five hundred millions of stout men ; that is,
more than the whole population of China. Aphides Jargely increase in
sultry and cloudy weather; hence has arisen the saying so common in
158 CLAVICGORNiIA, = [ Cocctnellide aphidiphage.
many parts of the country that the dark clouds are “ blight ;” if, how-
ever, we consider their rate of increase, we shall not be surprised that in
a few hours trees, before flourishing, become blighted. Any check on
this plague is of course of the greatest service, and the Coccinellide play
a great part, especially in the larval state, in preserving the balance of
nature.
The larvee of the Coccinellide are very common objects; they are broad in front
and narrowed behind, and are covered with more or less distinct spines and tubercles ;
they are variously coloured; that of C. 7-punctata is one of the best known; it is
about 10 mm. in length, of an ashy-grey or‘bluish-grey colour, with two yellow spots on
the anterior part of the prothoracic segment, and with the external tubercles of the
fourth and seventh abdominal segments yellow, the others being black; the pupa is
orange coloured, with a double row of black spots; before changing the larva attaches
itself to a leaf by its last segment by means of a viscous substance which it secretes ;
it then bends the anterior portion of the body up towards the apical portion; the
tubercles then diminish in size, the hairs fall off, and the skin splits on the back and
shrinks in a wrinkled mass to the apex of the body (v. Chapuis et Candeze, Cat. des
Larves des Coléop‘éres, p. 291).
I. Auterior coxal cavities closed behind.
i, Clypeus not widened into a lobe at sides, eyes almost
free in front, base of antenne: more or less exposed.
1. Antenne moderately long.
A. Form more elongate and looser ; thorax broadest
at or before middle.
a, Clawstoothed) > 25 4.503 2. = « «) HiEPropAwrs, Wales:
b. Claws)simple 5" 3 5. o 6 . Avisosiicra, Dup.
B. Form less elongate, as a rule more or less
hemispherical, thorax broadest at base, or at all
events behind middle.
a. Scutellum distinct.
a*, Antenne with club rather short and
compact, with penultimate joints trans-
verse and truncate at apex.
ayt. Prosternum convex without caring;
coxal lines of first abdominal gra
semicircular complete . . . . ADALIA, Muls.
bf. Prosternum depressed between _ coxee,
usually with two carine; coxal lines of
first abdomiual segment incomplete . . Coccrnetna, Z.
b*. Antenne with club less compact, with the
penultimate joints not transverse, or, if
transverse, with the apices not truncate,
but with projecting angles embracing the
succeeding joint.
a}. Sutural margin of elytra sinuate before
apex, the sinuation being furnished with
golden setee ; head less sunk in thorax . ANATIS, Muls.
b+. Sutural margin of elytra straight; head
more sunk in thorax.
at. Claws slender at base. . . . . . Mysra, Muls.
bt. Claws broad at base . . Hatyzia, Muls.
b. Scutellum very small, scarcely, if at ‘all,
Visibley mnecetstes ; Micraspis, Redt.
2. Antenne very short, rarely longer than the dia-
meter of the eyes.
Coccinellidee aphidiphage.] CLAVICORNIA, 159
A. Upper surface glabrous . . hires VEMRAsPTs) Weds.
B. Upper surface pl: tinly pubescent 5 Scrmnus, Aug.
. Clypeus at sides extending far in front of the eyes, and
covering the base of the antenna.
1. Upper surface plainly pubescent . . . . . . . Puatynaspis, Rede.
2. Upper surface glabrous.
A. Anterior tibiae with a tooth on outer margin ;
labrum scarcely visible. . . . . . . Curtocorvs, Leach.
B. Anterior tibiz without tooth on outer margin ;
labrum distinct . . Exocnomus, Redé.
II. Anterior coxal cavities open behind ; "upper surface
pubescent ; punctuation of elytra double.
i. Punctuation of elytra irregular; base of thorax hor-
_ dered ; form subhemispherical . st Aer : Ruizostius, Steph.
i. Large punctures of elytra arranged in rows ; base of
" thorax not bordered ; form elongate-oval . . . . . Cvuccipuna, Kug.
HIPPODAMIA, Mulsant.
This genus contains about twenty species, which are widely distributed
in Europe and North America; one or two are found in Northern Asia;
they are, as arule, of a more oblong and looser form than the greater
part of the other Coceinellide. H. 2 vartegata is a very variable species,
and some of its varieties appear to be found in Northern Africa, Senegal,
and India, as well as in more northern climates.
I. First joint of tarsi not dilated in male; size
larger; elytra orange-yellow, with a common spot
at scutellum, and six spots on each black . . . H. TREDECIMPUNCTATA, ZL.
Il. First joint of anterior and intermediate tarsi
dilated in male (Adonia, Muls.); size smaller;
elytra reddish, with variable black spots on each . H. VARIEGATA, Goeze ;
(mutabilis, Scriba).
H. 13-punctata, L. (ébialis, Say.). Oblong, rather depressed ;
head black with front yellow ; thorax with sides strongly rounded, black
with the anterior-and lateral borders yellow, the latter broadly so and
usually furnished with a black spot in middle of each ; elytra yellow or
orange-yellow, with a common spot at base of suture, which is sometimes
wanting, and six spots on each black; legs black, with the tibie and
usually. the greater part of the tarsi yellow. L. 43-7 mm.
Male with the first joint of the anterior tarsi slightly furrowed longi-
tudinally, and the fifth segment of abdomen emarginate at apex.
Marshy places, on reeds, &e., also in flood refuse ; very local, and, as a rule, rare;
Battersea (Stephens); Suffolk, in flood refuse, abundant (W. Garneys); Deal;
Hastings; near Lancaster on dArundo phragmites; Northumberland and Durham
districts, Meldon Park, Twizell, and Durham; Scotland, Lowlands, rare, Solway and
Forth districts ; Ireland, near Belfast and Portmarnock ; the species is found through-
out Siberia and occurs in North America as tibialis, Say.; it is very variable as
regards the size of the spots of thorax and elytra.
HZ. variegata, Goeze (mutadilis, Seriba; Adonia mutabilis, Mul-
160 CLAVICORNIA. [ Mippodamia.
sant). Oval-oblong; head black, with front broadly white, usually with
two small black spots; thorax very transverse, with sides strongly
rounded, broadest about middle, black, with the anterior and side margins
white, and also with a longitudinal white line extending from the front
margin to about middle, with a white round spot on each side, posterior
margin plainly bordered ; elytra reddish, with a common spot at base of
suture, and several variable black spots on each black, finely punctured ;
legs black. L. 8-55 mm.
Male with the first joint of the anterior tarsi oval and dilated.
By sweeping herbage, &c.; rather local ; London district, not uncommon, St. Mary
Cray, Highgate, Weybridge, Mickleham, Esher, Woking, &c.; Kingsgate; Margate;
Deal; Brighton; Swansea; Blackpool ; Liverpool ; New Brighton ; Filey, Yorkshire ;
not recorded, apparently, from the northern counties of England or from Scotland;
in England it appears not to be found far from the sea, but it occurs over all Europe
and as far south as Senegal and Abyssinia, and also in Asia from Siberia to India.
This species is very variable as regards the colour of the elytra; the
colour of the thorax, however, is usually constant, the only noticeable
variation being the extension of the two white spots into lines meeting
the anterior white border.
ANISOSTICTA, Duponchel.
Only two or three species are at present included in this genus, which
is closely related to the preceding, and appears only to be distinguished
by having the tarsal claws simple and not toothed.
A. novemdecimpunctata, L. Oblong, not very convex, of a
yellow or somewhat orange colour with black markings; thorax very
transverse, with sides strongly rounded, usually furnished with six black
spots, which are sometimes confluent ; elytra with a common spot at
base of suture and nine spots on each black, moderately strongly
punctured ; legs testaceous. L. 3-4 mm.
Marshy places, amongst reeds and aquatic plants; local, but common where it
occurs; Lee, Gravesend, Forest Hill, Weybridge, Woking, Walton, &¢; Yarmouth ;
Birchington; Hastings; Brighton; Devon; South Wales; Hertford; Cambridge ;
Coleshill and Sutton Park near Birmingham; Willington, near Burton-on-Trent ;
Mabbei ley, Cheshire ; according to Stephens it has occurred in Scotland, but it is not
given in Dr. Sharp’s list ; the species extends across Asia to North America.
ADALIA, Mulsant.
This genus contains upwards of thirty species, which are very widely
distributed ; the majority are found in the more northern regions of the
world, but species have been described from Chili, Cape of Good Hope,
Abyssinia, Madeira, Ceylon, &c. ; hitherto our list has contained two
species only, but a new one, A. bothnica, must now be added.
Adalia. | CLAVICORNIA. 16]
I. Thorax with the entire base finely mater form less
convex . . 5 eee eA OR LITE AAS ey:
II. Thorax with the base only margined near angles ; form
more convex.
. Claws short, scarcely visibly pet form semiglobose ;
colour yellow and black . . pee cho siieh «cu AeBOTEINTOAS ago:
ii. Claws long, distinctly toothed ; form slightly ovate ;
eoloun rediand blacks.) .) fe.) se pare ere os AS BIPUINOTATA, 77.
A. obliterata, L. (M-nigrum, Gyll.; livida, Muls.). Of a dirty
testaceous colour, with the thorax furnished with markings towards base,
which usually coalesce and form an M; elytra lighter at sides, darker at
suture, and usually with two more or less defined dark bands at sides
which are often obsolete ; legs testaceous ; the elytra are occasionally
dark brown ; the upper surface is not very convex, and somewhat finely
punctured, and the thorax is very transverse and widest behind middle.
L. 33-5 mm.
Male with the fifth ventral segment of abdomen broadly emarginate
at apex.
On fir-trees ; not uncommon and generally distributed throughout England and
probably Ireland ; Scotland, not common, Solway, Tweed, Forth and Dee districts.
V. fenestrata, Weise. This very distinct variety is quite black
with the apex of the elytra and a few more or less distinct spots at
margins, and on disc of the same yellowish or yellowish-red, and the
anterior "angles of thorax somewhat broadly whitish.
Two specimens were taken by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, on ling, at Northampton, and
I have found it in Sherwood Forest.
A. bothnica, Payk. Almost circular, hemispherical, of an orange-
yellow colour with black markings, under-side black, legs yellow or dark
with tarsi lighter; head black with a broad central spot yellow ; thorax
yellow with various markings ; elytra with suture black and other black
markings which differ in various specimens; punctuation fine. lL.
33-4 mm.
V. crucifera, Weise. In this variety the margins of the elytra are
black and two large spots meet the suture at centre of disc, forming a
rough figure of a cross ; besides these there is a common spot at base of
suture, a spot on each elytron reaching base, two on each meeting sides,
and two free, one in middle and one towards apex.
The variety only has occurred in Britain, Dr. Power having taken one specimen at
Moss Morran, Scotland.
A. bipunctata, L. Oval, convex; thorax black, with more or less
broad white borders at sides, or with anterior angles only white, or
entirely black, often with a double white spot in middle of base; elytra
in the commonest form red, with one large round spot on each, but very
variably coloured, in some specimens the red colour prevailing, while
VOL. III. M
162 CLAVICORNIA. [ Adalia.
others are almost entirely black with only a reddish spot at base ; pune-
tuation rather fine ; legs and under-side black, the former occasionally
lighter ; epimera black. L. 3-4 mm.
On trees, shrubs, herbage, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout the
kingdom.
MYSIA, Mulsant
The “ Mysiates ” are distinguished by Mulsant from the ‘‘ Halyziates”
by having the last joint of the antenne truncate, and not obliquely cut
off at apex, and terminating in an angle as in the latter group; the
character, however, is not a very plain one, and the genera Mysia and
Halyzia are perhaps better separated by the shape of the tarsal claws ;
the genus Mysia only contains a few species from Northern Asia, and
North and Central America, and one from Europe.
M. oblongoguttata, L. Oval, subhemispherical, of a light tes-
taceous-brown or fawn colour; thorax with broad white borders, and
usually furnished with two dark longitudinal markings, which are very
variable in breadth and are sometimes absent ; elytra with longitudinal
licht lines and oblong spots, very finely punctured ; legs testaceous,
sometimes partially dark. L. 53-7 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen somewhat excised at
apex, female with the fifth ventral segment subsinuate on each side.
On and about firs ; not uncommon but local; London district, widely distributed.
Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest ; Bournemouth; Devon; South Wales; Midland
districts; Chat Moss; Norwich; Manchester; Filey and Scarborough ; Northumber-
land district ; Scotland, Highlands and Lowlands, common on fir-trees, Solway, Forth,
Tay, Dee and Moray districts ; it is probably not uncommon in Ireland.
ANATIS, Mulsant.
This genus is usually included under Halyzia, but is distinguished by
having the sutural margin of the elytra sinuate before apex, and furnished
with golden pile; the single European species is one of the largest and
most conspicuous of the Coccinellide.
A. ocellata, L. The largest of our species of Coccinellidz ; oval,
net very convex; under-side black with a white spot beneath the
anterior angles, and with the epimera of the mesosternum white ; head
black with white markings; thorax black with a broad white lateral
border, the centre of which is also marked with black, and with two
white markings at base; elytra red with a thin black lateral margin, and
with a common spot at scutellum and usually 7—9 others on each black
surrounded with yellow, which gives them an ocellate appearance ; the
punctuation is fine but distinct; legs black. L. 6-8 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen truncate in middle
of apex, female with the same segment subsinuate,
Anatis. | CLAVICORNIA. 165
On firs; local, but not uncommon; London district, generally distributed ; Nor-
wich, Hastings, &e.; Glanvilles Wootton ; Southampton; Devon; Coleshill and
Sutton Park near Birmingham ; Tamworth; Burton-on-Trent ; Lincoln ; Chat Moss ;
Filey, Yorks. ; Manchester ; Northumberland and Durham districts ; Scotland local,
Tweed, Tay, Dee and Moray districts. Ireland, near Waterford; I have taken both
this species and M. oblongo-guttata at Filey, Yorks., by sweeping grass on the edge
of the cliff, apparently far from any fir-trees.
COCCINELLA, Linné.
This genus contains a large number of species, which are very widely
distributed ; our six British species belong to the genus Coccinella
proper; Weise includes in the genus the species classed by Mulsant
under Harmonia, these being distinguished by having the mesosternum
emarginate in front, whereas in Coccinella it is simple.
I. Thorax more or less variegated with white, or with
at all events the side margins white; legs pale . C, DECEMPUNCTATA, D.
(variabilis, Il.)
II. Thorax black with a triangular white spot at
anterior angles; elytra yellow with black mark-
Tips pi lege DIACK ses ei riya et Bel we ois C, HIEROGLYPHICA, L.
ITI. Thorax black with a quadrangular white spot at
anterior angles ; legs black.
i. Average length 4-4; mm.
1. Elytra reddish with a common spot at scutellum
and five spots on each black ; form more elongate
andlessconvex . «+--+ + + + » « « @, UNDECIMPUNCTATA, DL.
2. Elytra red with a common spot at scutellum
and two spots on each black ; form rounder and
TGROSCODWEX. oat 164, abso ee As & coe, stat os og) Cn QUINQUREUNOZADAS Di,
ii, Average length 6-6; mm.; elytra red with a
common spot at scutellum and three spots on
each black.
1. Epimera of mesosternum white, episterna of
metastesnum entirely black; anterior angles of
thorax projecting. . . +--+ + + * 2 + C. SEPTEMPUNCTATA, L.
2. Epimera of mesosternum and apex of episterna
of metasternum white ; anterior angles of thorax
broadly rounded » . - + + + + © © # ® C. pistinota, Fald.
(labilis, Muls.)
C. 10-punctata, L. (variabilis, T.). Almost hemispherical, ex-
tremely variable as regards the colour of the upper surface, under-side
dark, usually black, legs yellow ; the latter character will usually be found
of great assistance in determining specimens as the allied species have the
legs black ; epimera of mesosternum white ; the elytra are usually fur-
nished with a transverse raised fold before apex ; femora sometimes
dusky ; punctuation rather fine. L. 3-4 mm.
On low plants, and also on oaks, limes, &c. ; common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom.
The varieties of this insect are so numerous that it is impossible to
mM 2
164 CLAVICORNIA. [ Coccinella.
describe them; most of them are mentioned by Weise, Coccinellide,
pp. 32-35, and by Mulsant, Sécuripalpes, pp. 95-108 ; among the most
common are those with the elytra black and furnished with four or five
large yellow spots on each, or testaceous with small black spots, or black
with one large triangular spot reaching margin, not far from shoulder.
G. hieroglyphica, L. Oval, subglobose; thorax black with the
anterior angles whitish in a triangular spot; elytra yellow or reddish-
yellow, with a longitudinal black patch at seutellum, another on each
side, which is somewhat curved and often reaches from base to centre,
and a black spot before apex, which is sometimes joined to the pre-
ceding ; sometimes all the spots are divided, but some are always
more or less oblong; legs and epimera black; punctuation distinct.
L. 3-4 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen impressed with a
semicircular fovea.
By sweeping heath, &c., especially beneath fir-trees; local; London district com-
mon ; Norwich; Hastings and other localities on the South Coast; Swansea; Chat
Moss; Newmarket ; Sutton Park; Cannock Chase; Northumberland and Durham
districts rare; Scotland, Highlands and Lowlands, amongst heather, Solway, Tweed,
Forth, Tay, and Dee districts; Ireland, near Waterford.
A black variety of this species occurs, but the var. fenestrata of A.
obliterata appears occasionally to be mistaken for it.
©. Li-punctata, L. Oval, moderately convex; thorax black with
the anterior angles white; elytra red with a common spot at suture,
and five other spots on each, black ; these vary in size, but are fairly
constant ; some, however, are occasionally very small or even absent ;
legs black. L. 35-45 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen emarginate ; female
with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen entire.
C. 5-punctata, L. Very convex, almost hemispherical; thorax
black with a white spot at the anterior angles which is large and con-
spicuous on the under-surface; elytra red, with a common spot at base
of suture and two spots on each black ; occasionally there is also a
minute spot at sides between base and middle ; punctuation fine and
thick ; legs black ; epimera of mesosternum white. L. 34-4} mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen impressed with a
deep semicircular fovea.
A northern species often found on the borders of streams; Northumberland
district, not uncommon ; Scotland, local, Solway, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts.
Cc. 7-punctata, L. Convex, subhemispherical, very finely punc-
tured ; thorax black with a large white spot at the anterior angles which
is not conspicuous on the under-side ; anterior angles bluntly but dis-
~
Coccinella. ] OLAVICORNIA. 165
tinctly produced ; elytra with a common spot at base of suture, and three
other spots on each, black; these are variable in size; legs and under-
side black, epimera of mesosternum white. L. 53-74 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen truncate before apex
and furnished with a transverse polished fovea.
On herbage, &e.; very common and generally distributed throughout the
kingdom.
C. distincta, Fald. (/avilis, Muls.; magnifica, Redt.). Very like
the preceding in general appearance and very easily confused with it ;
it may, however, be easily distinguished by the shape of the anterior
angles of thorax, which are much broader, more rounded, and not nearly
so projecting ; the apex of the episterna of metasternum as well as the
epimera of mesosternum are white, and the sixth ventral segment of the
male is not furnished with any impression ; in most of the specimens I
have seen the black spots on disc are larger, but this does not appear
to be a reliable character. L. 55-75 mm.
Sandy places, by sweeping heath, &c.; very local, but not uncommon where it
occurs; Weybridge (in numbers, Power), Esher, Horsell, Farnham; Kingsgate ;
Whitstable; Herne Bay ; Hastings; Lewes, in and about ants’ nests; it is only found,
apparently, in the London and South-eastern district.
HALYZIA, Mulsant.
This genus, in its widest sense, contains considerably more than a
hundred species which are very widely distributed ; Mulsant and Crotch
have, however, divided it up into nineteen smaller genera, but the differ-
ences are so slight that they can hardly be admitted ; several of the species
are exceedingly variable as regards colour; important distinctions are
drawn by Mulsant from the presence or absence and the shape of the
plates on the first segment of the abdomen, a character of which he has
made considerable use throughout his work on the group; for conveni-
ence’ sake, however, these have not been here taken into account.
I, Elytra lighter or darker castaneous-brown or
fawn-coloured with yellowish-white spots.
i. Prosternum with two raised keels; elytra
with a narrow side border and with six spots
Onuede@hetr seen i i ee en) DUODHOIMG ULTATALE oda.
ii. Prosternum without keels.
1. Side margins very broad ; size larger ;
each elytron with eight spots . . . . H.sSEpEctmeurraTa, L.
2. Side margins narrow ; size smaller.
A. Form more convex and rounder ; each
elytron with seven spots, the two near
base being separate and more or less
TONNCUG ghee <ae toner aan ot
B. Form less convex and more elongate ;
each elytron with nine spots, the two
near base being dentate and often con-
finent= 5 s8la ee) ey. |) LH AOCLODEGIMG UITAMA, vite
H. QUATUORDECIMGUTTATA, DL.
166 CLAVICORNIA. [ Halyzia.
II. Elytra light yellow with black, more or less
angular, and often confluent, spots . . . H. coneLosata, L.
(quatuordecimpunctata, L.)
III. Elytra ofa bright lemon colour with plainly
marked, usually round, spots, seldom con-
fluent,as a rule eleven in number on each . H. viainTIpUoPUNOTATA, L.
H. 12-guttata, Poda. (s.¢. Vibidia, Muls.). Convex, hemispherical,
of a luteous or yellowish-testaceous colour ; thorax thickly punctured,
with white borders, somewhat transparent in front and at sides ; elytra
strongly and unevenly punctured with six whitish spots on each,
narrowly margined ; under-side and legs testaceous or reddish-testaceous.
L. 3-4 mm.
Male with the fifth ventral segment broadly emarginate at apex.
On firs, alders and other trees ; very rare in Britain; Scotland, ‘ Raehills, Rev.
W. Little,’ Murray’s Cat. ; Ireland, near Belfast, Haliday; it is possible, however,
that there may be some mistake as to these records ; the only specimen I have seen
was a pinned one in Griesbach’s collection, now in the possession of Mr. Mason; the
species is common in France and extends through Kurope and Siberia to Japan,
Stephens records it as taken in some numbers in 1815 and 1816 in Windsor Forest
and near Bristol.
HH. 16-guttata, L. Oval, subhemispherical, moderately convex, of
a luteous or yellowish-testaceous colour ; thorax with broad pellucid
whitish lateral margins, and the anterior margin also more narrowly
pellucid, very finely punctured; elytra less strongly and unevenly
punctured than in the preceding species, with broad pellucid margins,
lutecus with eight whitish spots on each; epimera of metasternum
yellowish-white, the colour, however, often fading after death; legs
yellowish-testaceous. L. 5-6 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment emarginate in a semicircle at
apex, and the epipleure of the elytra more strongly dilated than in
female.
By beating young birches and other trees in hedges and woods; local; London
district, not uncommon, Mickleham, Coombe Wood, Esher, Sheerness, Whitstable ;
Norfolk; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; Swansea; Scotland, rare, on
birches, Solway, Forth, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts.
HH. 14-guttata, L. (s.¢. Calvia, Muls.). Hemispherical, of a rufous-
brown or castaneous colour, with the metasternum and middle of abdo-
men black ; thorax very thickly and finely punctured with a lunulate
whitish side border, the spot at posterior angles being sometimes con-
spicuous ; the anterior margin and median line are usually more or less
whitish ; elytra closely, unevenly, and distinctly punctured, with seven
whitish spots on each (arranged 1, 3, 2,1), which are, in many cases,
slightly ocellate, being often surrounded with a narrow darker border ;
epimera of mesosternum white; legs brownish or reddish-testaceous,
L. 4-5 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment subtruncate at apex.
Halyzia. | CLAVICORNIA, 167
On young alders and hazels, white-thorn hedges, &e. ; generally distributed and
rather common throughout the kingdom ; it occurs in Siberia and North America.
H. 18-guttata, L. (s.g. Myrrha, Muls.). Oval, moderately convex,
of a reddish-brown or castaneous colour with the under-side blackish in
middle ; thorax finely punctured, with anterior and side margins and
two spots at base whitish ; elytra distinctly punctured, with nine whitish
spots on each (arranged 2, 1, 3, 2, 1), the two at base of suture being
dentate and usually confluent, and together with the two spots at base
of thorax forming a sort of star-shaped figure; pro- and mesosternum
and their side parts whitish ; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 33-4 mm.
On firs; not uncommon in England and Wales, and generally distributed ; Bold
records it as common in the Northumberland district, but according to Dr. Sharp it
is rare in Scotland in the Solway, Tweed, and Forth districts; Ireland, near Belfast
and Dublin.
H. conglobata, L. (14-punctata, L.; conglomerata, Steph. IIl.).
Short oval, subhemispherical, under-surface black, with the epimera of
the meso- and metasternum yellowish-white, the segments of the abdomen
being also marked with the same colour; thorax very finely punctured,
yellow with six black spots which are usually more or less confluent ;
elytra distinctly, but not strongly, punctured, yellow with seven quad-
rangular black spots on each, and the suture, as a rule, also black; these
are extremely variable, and almost always more or less confluent ; in our
ordinary form three of these spots join the suture, and the two spots on
disc behind middle join the central of these three, the whole forming a
rough figure very like a face; legs yellow, femora partly dark. L.
3—4 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment small and linear and subtruncate
at apex.
By sweeping herbage and’ beating hazel, oak and other trees in woods and hedges ;
not uncommon in the midland and southern districts of England and in Ireland,
but I can find no locality for the species further north than Sherwood Forest.
H. Z22-punctata, L. (s.¢. Thea, Muls.). A very conspicuous little
species ; hemispherical ; under-side black with the epimera of the meso-
and metasternum and the hinder portion of the episterna of metasternum
yellowish ; upper surface of a bright lemon-yellow or sulphur colour,
finely and not very closely punctured; thorax with five black spots
which are usually all separate; elytra with eleven more or less round
spots on each, the one at centre of side being very small, often confluent
with the one adjacent, and sometimes absent, legs black and yellowish-
red or yellowish. L. 2-3 mm.
In hedges, woods, &c.; found especially on nettles, but also on other plants ;
generally distributed and common throughout the greater part of England, but not
recorded from Scotland ; Ireland, near Waterford.
168 CLAVICORNIA. [ Micraspis,
MICRASPIS, Redtenbacher.
This genus is distinguished from its allies, as is implied by its name,
by the extremely small and almost invisible scutellum ; four or five
species have been described from Northern Asia, Europe, and Northern
Africa.
NM. sedecimpunctata, L. (v. 12-punctata, L.). Hemispherical,
under-side black with the pleure almost wholly whitish-yellow ; upper
surface very finely and thickly punctured, luteous or yellowish-testaceous,
thorax with six black spots, of which the inner four are usually more
or less confluent ; elytra with eight spots on each, four, usually separate,
arranged in a longitudinal row near suture, and others at side of which
the central ones are more or less confluent and form a continuous longi-
tudinal irregular patch ; legs mostly yellow; according to Mulsant the
labrum is black and the anterior and intermediate femora yellow, in
male, and the labrum is yellow, and the anterior and intermediate femora
mostly black, in female. L. 2-25 mm.
Marshy places, both inland and on the coast, at roots of grass and by sweeping
low plants; local, but very commen where it occurs; generally distributed in the
London and southern district, but not so often met with further north; Liverpool,
not common; Northumberland and Durham district, Twizell and Durham; not
recorded from Scotland.
V. Poweri, Weise. This variety has the upper surface or, at all
events, the elytra unicolorous black ; it has been found in Lee pit near
London, rarely, by Dr. Power, in whose collection there is also an
intermediate variety.
HYPERASPIS, Redtenbacher.
This genus contains more than two hundred species, of which a large
number are found in tropical regions ; they are very widely distributed ;
eight only occur in Europe, of which one is found in Britain ; they are
rather closely related to Coccinella and its allies, but may be distinguished
by the formation of the antenne.
3Z. reppensis, Herbst. Droad-oval, convex, obtusely rounded at
apex, black, shining and glabrous, elytra more distinctly punctured than
thorax ; lateral margins of thorax and a large spot at apex of each elytron,
reddish-yellow ; male with the whole head, and the anterior margin of
thorax narrowly, yellow or reddish-yellow ; the anterior legs are also
entirely of the same colour; in the female the head and the anterior
femora are black ; the light spots at apex of elytra are sometimes small,
and occasionally absent, and there is sometimes a small light reddish
spot at shoulders. L. 25-33 mm.
Tp moss on chalky hill-sides, under stones and decaying seaweed on the coast, Ke. ;
d I d t=) ? ?
Hyperaspis. | CLAVICORNIA, 169
occasionally found by sweeping under fir-trees ; local, and, as a rule, rather scarce ;
Esher, Micklebam, Shirley, Box Hill, Chobham, Sheerness; Hastings; Seaford,
Sussex ; Holm Bush, Brighton ; New Forest ; Devon; Llyfnant Valley, near Borth,
Cardiganshire; Barmouth ; Windsor Forest ; Bewdley ; Staffordshire ; Chat Moss ;
Withington, Cheshire ; Scarborough; Scotland, local, amongst moss in plantations
of larch and fir, Solway, Forth, Clyde, Tay, Argyle, and Moray districts.
SCYMNUS, Kugelann.
This genus is a very large and extensive one ; upwards of two hundred
and fifty species have already been described, and it is probable that this
is far from representing the total number; they are small, and, as a
rule, very inconspicuous insects, and in many cases are difficult to deter-
mine ; they are distinguished by their plainly pubescent surface and very
short antenne ; they are closely related to Platynaspis, but the clypeus
does not extend in front of the eyes as in that genus ; from Hyperaspis
they may be known by the pubescence of the upper surface ; in spite of
their small size, as Mulsant remarks, they are devourers of aphides both
in the larval and perfect state ; the larva both of Scymnus and Platynaspis
is not furnished with rows of spines as is the case with most of the other
Coccinellide, but is covered with a white substance like minute flocks
of wool ; Reaumur was the first to observe this, and designated the larve
as “ Hérissons blancs” or “ Barbets blancs ;” this substance is easily
rubbed off, but the insect has the power of renewing it again within
twelve hours (v. Mulsant, Sécuripalpes, pp. 211,212). There are forty-
five European species of Seymnus, of which fourteen occur in Britain ;
in determining the species the shape of the post-coxal fovew and the
continuance, interruption, and direction of the raised lines surrounding
them are very important characters, but are somewhat hard to observe
without removing the posterior legs; I have therefore made as little use
of them as possible in the following table; in many of the species the
sexes differ considerably in the coloration of the head and thorax.
I. Posterior coxee not very widely separated.
i. Post-coxal fovez with raised sides incomplete.
1. Anterior coxz widely distant; size, as a
rule, smaller. (s.g. Nephus, Muls.) *
A. Each elytron with two orange-yellow
POM 6 6 5 5 6 5 a ole o oso seb 2wAnCOMAnUI, JECT
(quadrilunulatus, 111.)
B. Elytra unicolorous black, or furnished
with a longitudinal reddish patch on
each 9.) 6 5 a) ae) a OS REDTENBAOHERT,.Muls;
2. Anterior coxe less distant ; size, as a rule,
larger. (Scymnus, i. sp.) *
A. Elytra unicolorous black.
a. Legs dark brown, pitchy . . . . . S.NIGRINUS, Kug.
* Mulsant separates the genus Nephus from Seymnus on the relative distance of
the “ abdominal plates ”’ of the first ventral segment from the side margin.
170 CLAVICORNIA. [Seymnus.
b. Legs pel owes epiacenns, base of
femora dark .. . S. premmus, Foure.
B. Elytra black, usually 5h one, occasion-
ally with two, red spots on each. . S. FRONTALIS, F.
ii. Post-coxal foveze with raised sides complete,
forming a more or less exact semicircle
round posterior COXR.,
1. Elytra black, with two common horse-
shoe-shaped whitish-yellow lines; legs
yellow... S. ARCUATUS, Ross?.
2. Hlytra entirely yellowish- brown or xr luteous,
with margins and suture often more or
less broadly blackish.
A. Femora black; tibiz and tarsi usually
reddish-brown . . . . ; S. SUTURALIS, Thunb.
(discoideus, Ill.)
B. Legs testaceous, with tarsal claws black S.L1vipus, Bold.
C. Legs entirely testaceous or reddish-
WMACHONS Goo 5 oc o 6 0 ¢ S. TESTACEUS, Mots.
(Mulsanti, Wat.)
3. Elytra black, with apex broadly reddish . S. HH#MORRHOIDALIS, Herbst.
4. Elytra entirely black, or with at most the
extreme apex lighter.
A. Head red; thorax with anterior and
side margins broadly pad in
male. . . » » WS. CAPITATUS, F.
B. Head and thorax always blackes sctet Ss. ATER, Kug.
II. Posterior coxee very widely separated ; colour
black, unicolorous; size very small . . . . S. minimus, Rossi.
S. pulchellus, Herbst. (4-lunulatus, Ill.; sg. Nephus, Muls.).
Oval, moderately convex, pubescent, black, with the labrum, antenne
and legs, and four spots on the elytra testaceous or reddish-testaceous ;
the anterior pair are larger, oblong, and oblique, and situated near
shoulders, and the posterior pair, situated before apex, are smaller
and slightly lunate; the elytra are less finely and more deeply punc-
tured than thorax; legs yellow, posterior femora often darker. LL,
15-12 mm.
Very rare; the species was introduced by Mr. G. R. Waterhouse in 1863 on two
doubtful specimens from Kirby’s collection; the only authentic British example
appears to be one taken in Kent, which is in Mr. Rye’s collection.
S. Redtenbacheri, Muls. (s.g. Nephus, Muls.). A very small
species, of an elongate-oval shape, moderately convex, clothed with pale
pubescence, black with an oblique band of a reddish or reddish-yellow
colour on each elytron ; antennz, mouth-parts and legs entirely testaceous ;
the femora, however, are occasionally dark ; elytra finely but somewhat
distinctly punctured ; the size and shape of the elytral band is variable.
L. 1-14 mm.
A specimen from Mr. Wilkinson’s collection, now in the possession
of Mr. Mason, was returned to me by M. Brisout in 1882 as this insect,
and Mr. Mason subsequently found several others in the same collection
lord
Scymnus. | CLAVICORNIA. ily)
standing under the name of limbatus; they are smaller and more
elongate than the species standing in our collections as S, Mulsant?, Wat.,
but otherwise are extremely like that insect; they were probably taken
in the neighbourhood of Scarborough.
V. wnicolor, Weise. This variety has the elytra unicolorous black ;
it does not appear to have occurred in Britain; according to Mulsant it
is the normal form.
S. nigrinus, Kug. (morio, Payk.; s.g. Anisoscymnus, Crotch).
Short oval, convex, not very shining, entirely black with the exception
of the antennze and tarsi which are lighter or darker reddish-brown ;
pubescence fuscous; thorax very finely, elytra less finely, punctured ;
elytra obtusely rounded at apex, with shoulders rather strongly marked,
L. 13-2 mm.
Male with the fifth segment of abdomen somewhat truncate and thickly
pubescent, female with the same segment rounded.
On the Scotch fir; very local; London district, not common, Chatham, Birch
Wood, Weybridge ; Cannock Chase; Repton ; Chat Moss; Hykeham, near Lincoln
(abundant) ; Northumberland district, Gosforth and Hetton Hall, near Belford ;
Scotland, local, Solway, Forth, Tay and Dee districts.
S. pygmeeus, Foure. (rubromaculatus, Goeze; femoralis, Gyll.; s.g.
Anisoscymnus, Crotch). Short oval, subhemispherical, plainly pubes-
cent, shining, black, with the labrum antenne and legs testaceous,
femora usually dark at base in female; in the male the head, and the
thorax, with the exception of a black patch before scutellum, is reddish-
yellow ; in the female these parts are entirely black; the elytra are
always unicolorous black; the thorax is very transverse and finely
punctured, and the elytra are somewhat dilated before middle and thence
narrowed to apex, and are less finely punctured than the thorax; the
species is closely related to S. capitatus, but may at once be known by
having the abdomen and pygidium entirely black. L. 13-1} mm.
Male with the fifth ventral segment of abdomen slightly emarginate
at apex, female with the same segment rounded.
Chalky and sandy places, at roots of grass and by sweeping herbage; local;
London district, widely distributed and not uncommon; Deal; Dover; Glanvilles
Wootton; Devon; Coleshill; Knowle; Scarborough; Hartlepool; not recorded
from Scotland.
S. frontalis; F. (s.g. Anisoscymnus, Crotch). The largest of the
British species ; oval, plainly pubescent, moderately convex and rather
shining ; elytra black with a large round spot on each before middle,
which is sometimes variable or divided, but is usually round and
distinct ; occasionally it is wanting (V. dmmaculatus, Suff.); in the
male the head and a spot at the anterior angles of thorax are yellow,
in the female the head and thorax are entirely black; elytra very
closely and finely punctured ; legs yellow, femora more or less dark.
. 25-22 mm.
172 CLAVICORNIA, [ Seymnus.
At roots of grass, by sweeping herbage, &c.; common and widely distributed in
the London and southern districts, and it is also found in the Midlands; there
appears, however, to be no record from further north than the neighbourhood of
Birmingham.
S. arcuatus, Rossi (s.g. Pullus, Muls.). Oval, pubescent ; thorax
somewhat variable in colour, yellowish-white, at all events at sides,
finely punctured; elytra black or brownish, having in common two
yellowish-white horseshoe-shaped lines, open towards the front, of
which the lower encloses the upper, more distinctly punctured than
thorax ; under-side black with prosternum and apex of abdomen reddish ;
legs reddish-yellow. LL. 14 mm.
Very rare; a single specimen was taken by Mr. Wollaston on August 24th,
1872, by brushing very old ivy at Shenton Hall, near Market Bosworth, Leicester-
shire ; he had previously found the species abundant in Madeira.
S. suturalis, Thunb. (discoideus, Il.; s.g. Pullus, Muls.). Oval,
moderately convex, clothed with somewhat coarse pale pubescence ;
thorax as a rule pitehy with the sides often lighter, very short, finely
punctured ; elytra rather strongly and unevenly punctured, of a reddish-
brown or reddish-yellow colour, with the suture and the exterior margins
more or less broadly dark; often, however, they are almost entirely
reddish-brown ; femora black, tibize and tarsi fuscous, or lighter or
darker reddish-brown. L. 14-13 mm.
On the Scotch fir, amongst moss and grass beneath or near firs, &c.; common and
generally distributed throughout the greater part of England and Scotland ; Ireland,
near Belfast, Portmarnock, &c.
V. limbatus, Steph. (S. limbatus, Steph.). This variety, which has
been regarded by many authors as a separate species, differs from the
type in its colour, which is darker; the black colour of the suture and
sides is more broadly marked and the reddish-brown colour is reduced to
a larger or smaller patch on disc; the legs are pitchy-black ; Stephens
himself says that it may be a small and dark variety of S. discoideus.
L. 13 mm.
Marshy places, at roots of grass and in moss; local ; London district, not uncom-
mon, Walton-on-Thames, Horsell, Lee, Hammersmith, Norwood; Hertford ; Suffolk ;
Devon; Wicken Fen; Scarborough; Scotland, local, amongst moss, Solway and
Tweed districts; it probably occurs in many other localities.
S. lividus, Bold. I have never seen this species, but, as it rests
upon a single specimen, and as the allied species are very variable,
it is very possible that it is not distinct; I subjoin Bold’s description
from the catalogue of the Insects of Northumberland and Durham,
p. 109 -——
‘“‘ Suboval, convex, slightly shining, somewhat densely covered with
short griseous pubescence, finely and evenly punctured, livid-testaceous,
the head and claws black, thorax and suture obscurely fuscous.
L. 1mm. Smaller, more oval, much more finely and evenly punctured
Seymnus. | CLAVICORNIA. 173
than S. discotdeus, to small pale examples of which it bears a superficial
resemblance.
I have seen only one specimen of this insect, which I took on the sea-
banks near Hartley in April, and with which no description known to
me fully agrees.” *
S. testaceus, Mots. (Mulsanti, Wat.; s.g. Pullus, Muls.). Oval,
moderately convex, yellowish-brown or reddish-yellow ; thorax short,
strongly narrowed in front, finely punctured, variable in colour, some-
times being dark only before scutellum; elytra with base and suture
dark ; under-side brownish or black, with the apex of abdomen red-
dish; elytra somewhat strongly punctured, with rather broad inter-
stices ; legs entirely testaceous ; our specimens appear to belong chiefly
to the var. scutellaris of Mulsant, in which the head and thorax are
entirely, and the scutellary region, sides and suture are broadly black.
L. 13-15 mm.
Marshy places, in moss and at roots of grass, beneath decaying seaweed, &c.;
local ; London district, not uncommon, Caterham, Horsell, Forest Hill, Lee, Chatham,
Sheerness, Hampstead, Darenth, Esher, &c.; Folkestone ; Pegwell Bay ; Hunstanton;
Repton ; Northumberland and Durham district, on the sea-banks, not uncommon ;
not recorded from Scotland ; Ireland, near Waterford.
This species appears to be closely related to S. Redtenbacheri, more so
even than S. suturalis (discotdeus), with which Thomson compares S.
Redtenbacheri ; it is, however, broader and less elongate-oval than the
last-named species, and has the post-coxal fovez differently shaped ; from
S. suturalis it may be known by its uniformly testaceous legs, the
thicker and finer punctuation of the under-side, and the colour of the
elytra which is darker, and nas the light portions redder.
S. hemorrhoidalis, Herbst. (analis, Rossi, nec F.; s.g. Pullus,
Muls.). Of a rather short and broad oval form, distinctly pubescent,
black, rather shining; head, posterior portion of elytra and apex of
abdomen yellowish-red ; thorax finely punctured, with the anterior and
side margins broadly reddish-yellow in male, in the female with the
anterior margin narrowly, and the anterior angles broadly of the same
colour; elytra rather strongly and unevenly punctured; legs entirely
yellow. L. 13-15 mm.
Male with the fifth ventral segment emarginate at apex and thickly
pubescent.
By beating hedges, sweeping herbage, &c.; often found in moss; common and
generally distributed in the London district and in the south; less common in the
Midland districts, and not recorded from any of the northern counties or from
Scotland. It has been taken at Douglas, Isle of Man,
* Since writing the above I have received a note from Mr. J. J. Walker, in which
he says that in the summer of 1875 he took a specimen at Whitsand Bay, Plymouth,
which is apparently referable to this species.
174 CLAVICORNIA. [Seymnus.
S. capitatus, F. (rujipes, Bris.; s.g. Pullus, Muls.). Of a rather
broader form than the preceding, with the shoulders more strongly marked,
and with at most the very extreme apex of elytra lighter; the thorax
is more finely punctured, and the elytra are more closely, and evidently
less unevenly, punctured; the post-coxal fovee of the first abdominal
segment are more lengthened, and the femora are dusky instead of being
entirely testaceous ; it somewhat resembles S. pygmeus, but that species
is more oval, and more narrowed in front and behind, and has the elytra
evidently more finely punctured ; male with the whole head, the anterior
border of thorax narrowly, and the sides broadly, reddish-yellow ;
female with the head except base of vertex, and the anterior angles of
thorax, of the same colour; in the female the femora are darker than
in the male. LL. 13-13 mm.
By beating hedges, sweeping herbage, &c.; occasionally found in moss; not
uncommon in many localities; Shirley, Forest Hill, Claygate, Lee, Faversham,
Weybridge, &c.; Cambridgeshire; Hants; Devon; Swansea; Yardley; Sutton
Park; Knowle; Bewdley; Cannock Chase; Repton; Scarborough; Carlisle; not
recorded from Scotland.
S. ater, Kug. (s.g. Pullus, Muls.). Oval, moderately convex,
pubescent, entirely black, rather shining, with the antenn», tibiz and
tarsi fuscous; thorax with sides not rounded, elytra contracted from
anterior third, distinctly punctured ; it is about the size of S. sutwralis,
but is a little shorter and more convex, besides being differently coloured ;
from S. minimus it may be known by its more oval form and less widely
separated posterior coxe. L. 1-1} mm.
Sandy places ; at roots of grass, &c.; rare; Norwood and Shirley (Power) ; Deal
(Champion); Northumberland and Durham district, sea-banks near Blyth and
Hartley, rare (Bold).
S. minimus, Rossi (s.g. Pullus, Muls.; Stethorus minimus, Weise).
Almost hemispherical, convex, shining, black, with the labrum, antenne,
tibie and tarsi, and the apex of the anterior femora yellow or brownish-
yellow; thorax finely punctured; elytra rather distinctly punctured ;
posterior coxse very widely separated, a character that seems to show that
Weise is right in placing it in a distinct sub-genus. L. 1-1} mm.
By beating dead hedges, sweeping herbage, &c.; very local ; London district, not
uncommon; Maidstone, Faversham, Chatham, Cobham, Belvedere, Forest Hill,
Shirley, Darenth, Sheerness, Birch Wood, Highgate (on hops), Birdbrook (Essex),
Cowley; Hertford; Littlington; Holm Bush, Brighton; apparently almost confined
to the London and South-eastern districts; according to Professor Bohemann it
occurs on plants belonging to the Asclepias family; this is closely related to the
Apocynacee or Periwinkle family ; it is entirely exotic, but includes the Stapelias,
Hoyas, Stephanotis, &c., of our gardens and greenhouses.
PLATYNASPIS, Redtenbacher.
About twenty species belong to this genus; ong only occurs in Europe
Platynaspis. | COLAVICORNIA. 175
and the remainder are widely distributed, representatives occurring in
Africa, Ceylon, China, India, the Malay Archipelago, &c. ; they are
related to Scymnus in having the upper surface pubescent, but differ in
the formation of the head.
P. luteorubra, Goeze (villosa, Foure.). Subovate, moderately
convex, distinctly clothed, especially at sides, with rather long yellowish
pubescence; punctuation fine and close but distinct, more so on elytra
than on thorax ; colour black, each elytron with two red spots, the one
before middle and the other near apex; the thorax is usually bordered
with yellow or has a triangular patch of yellow on each side, but this is
sometimes absent ; in the male the head is usually reddish-yellow and
in the female black, but this does not appear to hold good in all cases ;
the legs are partly testaceous. L. 23-35 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen emarginate at apex,
female with the same segment small and broadly rounded at apex.
At roots of grass and by sweeping; found, more frequently, under bark of firs,
willows, &e., especially in winter; local, but not uncommon in some places ; Barnes,
Richmond Park, Esher, Weybridge, Chatham (in profusion under bark of dead
standing firs (Champion and Walker) ) ; Folkestone ; Deal; Hastings; Chesil Beach,
Portland; Shipley ; Hertford; Swansea; Sherwood Forest.
CHILOCORWS, Leach.
This genus contains about thirty species, which are very widely dis-
tributed, more especially in tropical countries; two only are found in
Europe, both of which occur in Britain; they may be distinguished by
their very convex and gibbose form, and by the strong lobes at the sides
of the clypeus ; the legs are strongly retractile, and the insect, if alarmed,
gathers itself up on the leaf on which it may be resting, and, if forced
to drop, feigns death ; the larve are black and have the body furnished
with six rows of branched spines; they feed, according to Mulsant, on
gall insects ; the pupa is remarkable for remaining within the split
dried larval skin, within which it is plainly visible.
I. Head black ; each elytron with a large round red spot ;
Rizo laren ae oh eR eh sat oe ame CBI MIGIG, “ons?
(renipustulatus, Scriba).
II. Head red ; each elytron with a transverse interrupted
band; size smaller. 5 20 4). 40% RS % (Cl BIPUBTUDATUS, Ze
C. similis, Rossi (renipustulatus, Scriba). Hemispherical, very
convex, gibbose, with shoulders strongly marked, shining black, with a
large rounded and somewhat transverse spot on middle of each orange-
red ; abdomen reddish ; legs black; thorax very finely, elytra finely
but rather distinctly, punctured ; the sides of the thorax are occasionally
reddish. L. 33-45 mm.
Male with the fifth ventral segment of abdomen truncate at apex,
176 OLAVICORNIA. [ Chilucorus.
sixth conspicuous, female with the fifth segment broadly rounded, and
the sixth almost hidden.
In woods, hedges, &.; occasionally by beating; local; not uncommon in the
London and southern districts, but rarer further north; Bristol; Swansea; Oxford-
shire; Wicken Fen; Ripon; Liverpool; the only Scotch record is from the Solway
district, ‘‘ Raehills, Rev. W. Little’ (Steph. Il. iv. 374).
C. bipustulatus, L. Much smaller than the preceding and easily
distinguished by having a narrow transverse reddish band about the
middle of each elytron which is formed of three spots which are usually
more or less confluent, but sometimes separate ; the head also is red ;
under-side black with sides and fifth segment of abdomen reddish-yellow ;
elytra very finely punctured on disc, rather strongly at sides; legs
black, with knees red. L. 25-35 mm.
Sandy places; by sweeping heath, &c. ; locally common ; London district, common
in many localities; Hastings; Southampton; New Forest; Devon; Swansea; Sutton
Park; Cannock Chase; Sherwood Forest; York; Chat Moss; Liverpool; not re-
corded from Northumberland ; Scotland, rare, Solway and Forth districts.
EXOCHOMUS, Redtenbacher.
Between twenty and thirty species are contained in this genus; they
are less tropical in their distribution than the preceding, although
several have been described from Brazil, Cayenne, Madagascar, Cuba,
&c. ; six occur in Europe, of which two have generally been regarded
as British ; #. auritus, however, appears to be very doubtfully indi-
genous; the species resemble Chilocorus at first sight, but are less con-
vex and not gibbose, and the clypeus is, as a rule, not dilated and
lobed at sides ; the labrum moreover is distinct, and the anterior tibie
have no tooth on their outer margin.
E. quadripustulatus, L. (4-verrucatus, F.). Moderately convex,
subhemispherical, black, occasionally brownish or reddish-brown, shining ;
elytra with a lunulate reddish patch at shoulder and a smaller somewhat
transverse patch of the same colour behind middle near suture ; thorax
much narrower than elytra, very transverse, very finely punctured ;
elytra with distinct margins, very finely punctured, more distinctly at
sides ; apex of abdomen yellowish ; legs black. L. 35-43 mm.
Male with the sixth ventral segment of abdomen emarginate at apex,
disclosing seventh, female with the same segment broadly rounded.
On white-thorn blossom, broom, low firs, &c.; locally common; London district,
generally distributed; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Devon; Barmouth; Coles-
hill; Tamworth; Staffordshire; Chat Moss; Scarborongh; Manchester; North-
umberland and Durham district; Scotland, local, Solway, Tweed, Tay, and Moray
districts; it probably occurs in several parts of Ireland.
(E. auritus, Scriba; nigromaculatus, Goeze. In this species the upper
surface is black or bronze-black, with the sides of the thorax and the
Exochomus. | CLAVICORNIA. ie
legs orange yellow; the elytra are unicolorous, without spots; the
abdomen is yellowish towards apex ; in the male the front part of the
head is yellowish, whereas in the female it is entirely black. L. 33-4
mun.
This insect is very doubtfully indigenous as British ; it is the Chilocorus
rufipes of Stephens’ Illustrations and the Ch. hemorrhoidalis of his
Manual ; he says of it, “I have hitherto scen two specimens only of this
very distinet species, one of which was captured near Windsor in June,
1816, and the other I obtained from the vicinity of Bristol” (Ill. iv.
p. 375).
RHIZOBIUS, Stephens.
This and the succeeding genus are distinguished from all our other
Coccinellide by having the anterior coxal cavities open behind; there
are about twenty species in the genus Rhizobius, one of which occurs in
Europe, and the rest have been described from Australia, the Cape of
Good Hope, and Madeira, &c.; it will probably be found to be a much
more ee genus.
1
R. litura, F. Elliptical, convex, shining, clothed with distinct
pubescence ; colour variable, entirely testaceous, or testaceous with an
oblique dark marking on each elytron, sometimes entirely pitchy-brown
or pitchy-black ; thorax rather finely, elytra distinctly, punctured ; legs
testaceous, more or less dark in the darkly coloured varieties ; antennz
rather long and slender, terminating in a distinct club, L. 2-25 mm.
At roots of grass, in ‘moss, by general sweeping, &c.; both inland and on the
coast ; very common throughout the whole of England from Yorkshire southwards ;
not so common further north; Scotland, rather scarce, Solway and Forth districts ;
Ireland, near Waterford and Dublin, and probably common.
COCCIDULA, Kugelann (Cacicula, Megerle).
Four species are mentioned in the Munich catalogue as belonging to
this genus, two from Europe, one from North America, and one from
Northern China; they are oblong and somewhat depressed insects, with
the anterior coxal cavities open behind.
iT, Wiytra ameolorous red; «4. se... « = ato «.», + ©. RUFA, Herbsi:
II. Elytra red with black markings . ... . . . C.scurentara, Herbst.
©. rufa, Herbst. (pectoralis, F.). Oblong, distinctly pubescent,
moderately shining, of a rufous or yellowish-red colour; antennz rather
long, reddish-testaceous, with club darker; thorax convex, transverse,
with sides rather strongly rounded, finely punctured ; elytra broader at
base than base of thorax, rather long, somewhat depressed on dise, finely
punctured, and furnished besides with larger punctures which are arranged
in more or less regular rows; under-side red with breast and base of
abdomen black ; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 23-3 mm.
VOL. Ii, N
178 CLAVICORNIA. [ Coccidula.
Male with prosternal lines distinct, female without or with obsolete
prosternal lines.
In marshy places, amongst reeds, at roots of grass, &c. ; very common and gene-
rally distributed throughout the greater part of England, but not so common in
the north ; Scotland, not common, Solway and Forth districts; Ireland, near Belfast
and Portmarnock, and probably common.
Cc. scutellata, Herbst. Very like the preceding in size, shape, and
general appearance, but easily distinguished by the fact that the elytra
are marked witha large bluish black patch at scutellum and two others
on each, one circular, situated near suture, just behind middle, and
another oblong near sides, situated about middle; sometimes these are
confluent ; the post-coxal fovee of the first ventral segment of abdomen
are shorter, and are lunate instead of being semicircular, as in CL rufa.
L. 23-3 mm.
In marshy places, on reeds and by sweeping aquatic plants; very local; London
district, not uncommon, Hsher, Hammersmith, Gravesend, Sheerness; Birchington
(abundant in ditches); Pegwell Bay ; Hastings; Horning Fen; Repton; Lincoln-
shire; not recorded from the north of England or from Scotland.
ENDOMYCHIDA.
This family is a somewhat extensive one; according to the Munich
catalogue it contains about fifty genera and upwards of four hundred
species ; the number, however, has since been largely increased through
the researches of the Rev. H. 8S. Gorham and others; the species are
widely distributed over the surface of the globe, but are chiefly found in
tropical countries; in Europe the family is represented by seventeen
genera and about sixty species ; of these only four genera, each contain-
ing one species, are found in Britain; one of these, Alexia, has, by
many authors, been included under the Coccinellide ; the following are
some of the chief characters of the family : antenne long, situated on
the front, as a rule 11-jointed, the last three joints sometimes, but not
always, forming a distinct club; thorax margined, anterior coxal cavities
open behind; mesosternum short, metasternum rather long ; abdomen
with five free segments of which the first is sometimes the longest ; legs
much longer, as arule, than in the Coccinellide, tarsi plainly 4-jointed
or apparently 3 jointed, the third jomt being very small and concealed,
as in Coccinella; the species are, to a great extent, fungivorous, but
some are phytophagous ; although there are only four British species,
yet these represent the three tribes into which the family may naturally
be divided, which may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Tarsi distinctly 4-jointed . . . . MYCETRINA.
Il. Tarsi dilated, apparently 3-jointed, ‘the third joint being very
minute and concealed between the lobes of the second joint.
i, Anterior coxe contiguous, somewhat conical; prosternum
aaa produced between coxe . . . - Darstna.
. Anterior coxe distant, subglobose ; prosternum produced ‘be-
aoe Coxe fafag Cowhle a6%. OUP Sh mai & Lelio. co EINDOMWGHENAS
Myceteina. | CLAVICORNIA. 179
MYCETAINA.
This tribe comprises a number of small or very small insects which
may be known by having the third joint of the tarsi quite distinct and
not concealed ; some of the species are oblong or oblong-oval, and some
almost hemispherical; by some authors the genus Myrmecoxenus is
included in the tribe ; there are three British genera, which may be
divided as follows :—
I. Form oblong or oblong-oval.
i. Antennze 10-jointed; thorax with a strong impressed line
on each side extending from base to beyond middle . . . Syaetorgs, Redé.
ii. Antennze 11-jointed; thorax with a curved longitudinal
line on each side extending from base toapex . . . . . Mycrrma, Steph.
II. Form rounded, subhemispherical . . . . . . . . . ADEXIA, Steph.
SYMBIOTES, Redtenbacher.
This genus contains about half a dozen species from Europe, the
Canary Islands and South America ; they bear a superficial resemblance
to Cryptophagus, but may be easily recognized by the sculpture of the
thorax.
S. latus, Redt. (rubiginosus, Heer.). Oblong-ovate, broad, ferru-
ginous or reddish-brown with the thorax often lighter, shiny ; antenne
rather long, reddish-testaceous, with a distinct three-jointed club, the
first joint of which is as broad as the second; head rather small, eyes
black ; thorax twice as broad as long, about as broad in front as behind,
very finely punctured, with a strong longitudinal impression on each
side, reaching from base to beyond middle; elytra finely pubescent,
with fine punctured striz, interstices smooth, legs reddish-testaceous.
L, 13 mm:
In rotten stumps, &e.; rare; Richmond Park, Surrey (Champion); Reigate Hill
(Saunders) ; Claygate, in fungus on elm stump (Power); Clifton near Bristol
(Gorham) ; Bungay, Suffolk (Garneys); in May, 1883, I took a series in an old
stump at Nocton near Lincoln.
MYCETZEA, Stephens.
This genus contains one European species, and another has been de-
scribed from the Cape of Good Hope; they are smaller, more oval, and
more coarsely punctured than Symbiotes, and the thorax is differently
sculptured.
M. hirta, Marsh (subterranea, F.; villosa, Beck.). Oblong-ovate,
convex, narrowed towards apex, shining, clothed with pale coarse, some-
what setose, pubescence ; colour lighter or darker ferruginous or reddish-
brown; head small; antenne with a distinct three-jointed club, of
which the first joint is evidently narrower than the second ; thorax
N 2
180 CLAVICORNIA. [Mycetea.
transverse, with sides rounded, sparingly and finely punctured, with a
curved line on each side extending from base to apex ; elytra with
rows of large coarse punctures; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 1-1; mm.
In haystack refuse, dung-heaps, corn-bins, &c.; often in cellars about beer drip-
pings and in fungi in wine cellars, in company with Cryptophagus cellaris, Atomaria
nigripennis, &c.; generally distributed and common in the London and Southern
districts, and widely distributed in the Midlands; not so common further north;
Scotland, scarce, Solway, Tweed, and Forth districts. Ireland, near Belfast, Water-
ford, aud Dublin, and probably common. The larvae occasionally bore into wine
corks in cellars, and may cause considerable damage.
ALEXIA, Stephens.
In the Munich catalogue six species are mentioned as belonging to
this genus, which have been described from Europe and North and South
America ; in the catalogue, however, of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise,
fifteen species are described from Europe alone, of which eleven and one
variety have lately been introduced by Reitter ; it is probable, therefore,
that the genus will be found to be very extensive; it has, by many
authors, been included under the Coccinellidx, probably on account of
its shape, which strongly resembles that of a small Seymnus ; it is,
however, distinct from that family by reason of the formation of the
tarsi.
A. pilifera, Mill. (Spherosoma quercus, Steph.). Subglobose,
broadest about middle and narrowed in front and behind, of a dark
pitchy-black colour, or more or less ferruginous, or reddish, the colour
being somewhat variable ; upper surface thickly clothed with long, fine,
more or less erect pubescence ; thorax transverse, much narrowed in
front, exceedingly finely and hardly visibly punctured ; elytra rather
thickly and deeply punctured ; legs reddish-testaceous ; the antennz are
rather long, reddish-testaceous, terminated by a distinct three-jointed
club, the joints of which are of about equal breadth. L. 1 mm.
In faggots, fungi, moss, dead leaves, at roots of grass, &c.; locally common;
London district generally distributed; St. Peter’s, Kent ; Hastings; Devon ; Suffolk,
on oaks (Stephens); Repton ; Lincoln, Langworth Wood, in faggots; Northumber-
land district, rare, Whittle Dene.
DAPSINA.
This tribe is separated from the Endomychina, chiefly on account of
the formation of the prosternum, and the fact that the anterior coxe
are contiguous ; the ligula also is smaller and differently shaped; it
contains five European genera, of which one only is represented in
Britain.
LYCOPERDINA, Laitreille.
About fifteen species have been described in this genus, of which five
Lycoperdina. | CLAVICORNIA. 181
occur in Europe and the others are found in North America, Ceylon,
Japan, South Africa, Northern Asia, &c. ; it is probably much more ex-
tensive than is at present known ; our single species is a curious-looking
and conspicuous insect ; it lives exclusively in puff balls,
ZL. boviste, F. (¢mmaculata, Latr.). Of a dark pitchy-brown or
pitchy-black colour, with the base and apex of elytra and the posterior
angles of the thorax often lighter; head rather long, much narrower
than thorax, with a strong longitudinal impression on front ; antennz
long, ferruginous, gradually thickened towards apex, without club ;
thorax about as long as broad with sides rounded in front and gradually
contracted to base, strongly margined, anterior angles prominent, upper
surface very finely, scarcely visibly, punctured ; on each side there’is a
very strong longitudinal depression reaching from base to middle, and
there is also a longitudinal depression before scutellum ; elytra convex,
broadest about middle, much depressed towards base, and with apex
obtusely pointed, extremely finely punctured ; legs pitchy-red, robust ;
abdomen composed of five segments. L. 4-45 mm.
Male with the posterior tibize slightly, and the intermediate tibize very
slightly, curved.
In puff balls (Lycoperdon boviste); very local, but generally in some numbers
when found; Guildford, Mickleham, Esher, Birch Wood, Kimpton, Purley Downs,
Rusper; Shipley near Horsham; Hastings; Clifton near Bristol; it has not been
recorded from any locality further north.
ENDOMYCHINA,
The species belonging to this tribe are, as a rule, very pretty and
conspicuous, brightly coloured, insects; they are found either in or
about fungi or fungoid growth ; they differ from the preceding tribe in
the characters before mentioned.
ENDOMYCHUWS, Panzer.
This genus contains about half a dozen species from Europe, India,
North America, and Japan; three of these occur in Europe, of which
one is found in Britain.
E. coccineus, L. Oblong or oblong-ovate, slightly convex, shining,
glabrous, of avery bright red colour, with the head, a broad longitudinal
band on thorax, and two well-marked large round spots on each elytron,
black ; the sides of breast also are black or considerably darker than
middle ; occasionally the dark band on thorax is indistinct or absent ;
head small, antennz long, black, distinctly thickened towards apex;
thorax transverse, considerably narrower than elytra, with anterior
angles strongly projecting, and the sides gradually narrowed in front,
disc almost impunctate, sides strongly margined ; on each side of centre
1&2 CLAVICORNIA. [ Endomychus.
at base there is a curved impression ; elytra very finely punctured,
broadly rounded at apex ; legs black, with tarsi pitchy-red ; abdomen
composed of six segments. L. 5-5} mm.
In fungi, and in or near fungoid growth on or under bark of decaying beech, elm,
&e.; locally common; Sevenoaks, Lewisham, Miekleham, Esher, Westerham, Sheer-
ness; Hainault Forest; Abbey Wood; Hastings; Dartmoor, Devon ; Swansea;
Neath ; Salford Priors near Evesham; Weston-super-Mare; Ripon; Scarborough ;
Northumberland and Durham -district ; Scotland, rare, Tweed, Forth, and Tay
districts ; it is probably widely distributed from Yorkshire southwards, although
apparently very loeal in many districts.
EROTYLIDE.
This is a very extensive family, and contains a much larger number of
species than the Endomychide, which in many respects are closely
allied to it ; according to the Munich catalogue about eleven hundred
species belong to it, comprised in nearly seventy genera, but this number
has been since largely increased, through the researches of the Rev. H. 8.
Gorham and others; with regard to distribution both this and the suc-
ceeding family are very poorly represented in temperate climates, and are
chiefly characteristic of tropical countries ; in Europe only five genera are
found, comprising about twenty species; of these, three genera, repre-
sented by six species, occur in Britain; the Southern Temperate Hemi-
sphere is more poorly represented in species of both families than the
Northern ; Australia, for instance, as far as is at present known, contains
only two or three species of Endomychidew and four or five Erotylide,
whereas New Zealand contains even less Erotylide and no Endomychide ;
in the computation of the total number of species given above the
Languriide, containing several hundred species, are omitted; these
have been, by many authors, included under the Erotylide; but must,
most probably, be regarded as a separate family ; the following are some
of the chief characters of the Erotylide: antenne 11-jointed, inserted at
the sides of the forehead, with the last three or four joints forming a
distinct club ; thorax with side margins distinct, anterior coxal cavities
closed behind ;* mesosternum moderate, metasternum rather long, ab-
domen with five free segments which are about equal in length; legs
moderately long, tarsi usually 4-jointed, sometimes 5-jointed; the
formation of the tarsi, which are at least plainly 4-jointed, will at once
separate the Erotylide from the true Endomychide, in which the third
joint is very small, and concealed between the lobes of the second joint,
so that they appear 3-jointed ; the addition of the Mycetwina to the
Endomychide prevents this distinction from being universal, and it
might perhaps be the best plan to separate that tribe, as some authors
do, as a distinct family Myceteide.
* In the Languriidze the coxal cavities are open behind,
Erotylide.] CLAVICORNIA. 183
The three British genera may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Tarsi distinctly 5-jointed . . . Dacne, Latr. (Engis, Payk.)
Il. Tarsi apparently 4-jointed (the ‘four th joint being
very small and connate with fifth).
i. Thorax margined at base; form oblong . . . TRIPLAX, Payk.
ii, Thorax not margined at base; form ovate . . CYRTOTRIPLAX, Crotch.
(Tritoma, F.).
DACNE, Latreille (Hngis, Paykull).
This genus contains rather more than a dozen species from Europe,
South Africa, North America, Japan, &ec. ; they may be known by their
5-jointed tarsi ; two of these occur in Britain.
I..Thorax red . . WL A ae FP ey Di Ur MERAT ISS ee
II. Thorax pitchy- Shikcles nae oo 5 . . D. RuFiFRons, Ff.
The larva of D. rufifrons is aeaaibeds ann gared by Wettnoat! (Classif., Vol. I.,
p- 147, Figs. 11, 18); it is narrow, somewhat cylindrical ‘and sealy, with six short
Tes, and two strong short cerci at the extremity of the body, which is sparingly
clothed with seattered hairs, except on head; it is found in boleti in company with
the perfect insect.
D. humeralis, F. Oblong, black, shining, with the head, thorax,
antenne, and legs red, and a spot at each shoulder reddish- -yellow ; head
rather broad, antennse yather short, with joints 4-8 rounded and trans-
verse, 9-11 forming a distinct club ; ; thorax broader than long, convex,
finely and rather diffusely punctured ; elytra finely punctured in rows ;
legs rather stout, tibia angularly dilated at apex. L. 2¢-3 mm.
In boleti on beech and elm trees ; rare ; Dulwich; Westerham and Eastry, Kent ;
Sheerness; Wicken Fen, Cambridge; Hunstanton, Norfolk ; Suffolk; Bristol ;
Llangollen ; Bretby Wood, near Repton, Burton-on-Trent ; Needwood, Staffordshire.
D. rufifrons, F. Very like the preceding, but easily known by its
colour, which is black or pitchy-black, with the head, antenne, and legs
ferruginous, and a more or less distinct spot at shoulder reddish or
reddish-yellow ; it is also on the average rather smaller, but there
appears to be very little difference of structure or sculpture between the
species : immature examples are of a lighter colour, and are sometimes
entirely testaceous or reddish-testaceous. L. 25-22 mm.
In fungoid growth on trees; locally common; London and Southern districts,
generally ‘distributed ; South W ales ; Cambridgeshire ; Salford Priors; Bretby Wood,
near Repton ; Hunstanton, Norfolk ; Scarborough; neither of the species appears to
occur in the Northern counties of England or in Scotland,
TRIPLAX, Paykull.
Upwards of fifty or sixty species are contained in this genus ; they are
widely distributed, but a larger proportion occur in temperate ‘and even
cold countries than is usually the case with genera belonging to the
family; thirteen are found in Europe, but six of these are ‘assigned i in
tle catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise to the genus /schyrus, Lac.,
which is included by them under 7riplaz, the genus Ischyrus, according
184 CLAVICORNIA. [ Triplex.
to the Munich catalogue, contains about sixty species, which are entirely
confined to North, Central, and South America, and adjacent islands ;
three species of Zriplax occur in Britain, which may be distinguished as
follows :—
a Head and abdomen red.
i. Elytra black; size larger. . . 4 6 0 A a Ube TRWRICOUNS Jae
ii. Elytra metallic, greenish- blue; size smaller . . TT. mnzEa, Schall.
II. Abdomen black ; head usually black . . . . . YT. Lacorpairet, Crotch,
@. russica, L. Oblong, very shining, head and thorax bright red,
elytra black; head triangular, finely and diffusely punctured, eyes black ;
antenne black, rather long, with second joint plainly shorter than third,
last three joints forming a distinct club; thorax transverse, sub-
rectangular, gradually and slightly narrowed in ‘front, with anterior angles
projecting, finely and not closely punctured ; elytra long, gradually con-
tracted towards apex, with a distinct eallosity at shoulders, finely
punctured in rows, interstices feebly punctured; breast usually black ;
legs red, robust, tibiee dilated at apex, tarsi with first three joints plainly
dilated. L. 43-7 mm.
In fungoid growth on trees; occasionally found under bark ; local ; London dis-
trict,.rather scarce, Darenth, Mickleham, Coombe Wood, Headley Lane Fastry, Kent ;
Birdbrook, Essex ; New For est ; Devonshire ; ; Bristol; Swansea ; Cannock Chase ;
Notts ; Needw ood; Repton ; Scotland, rare, in fungi, Tay and Moray districts.
T. zenea, Schall. Much smaller than the preceding; head and
thorax red, antenne black; elytra metallic, bluish-green ; scutellum
red; thorax a little longer in proportion than in 7, russict and elytra
with the rows of punctures rather stronger ; under-side red ; legs red,
not so robust as in the preceding species. L. 23-4} mm.
In fungoid growth on holly and other trees; rare; Coombe Wood and
Meldon Park (Stephens); New Forest; Needwood ; Scarborough ; Northumberland
district.
T. Lacordairei, Crotch (rujicollis, Steph. ; nigriceps, Lac.). Very
closely resembling a minute example of 7. russica. head as a rule black,
but sometimes only slightly dusky at sides; antennze blackish or pitchy,
with base sometimes lighter; thorax bright red, with sides very slightly
rounded, transverse, very finely and not closely punctured ; elytra black,
with regular rows of fine punctures ; abdomen black (a character which
will at once distinguish the species); legs lighter or darker reddish-
testaceous. L. 9342 mim.
In fungoid growth on ash and other trees; very local and rare; Windsor
(Stephens); Erith (Power); Darenth Wood (Champion); Dulwich, one example
(T. Wood).
CYRTOTRIPLAX, Crotch (Zritoma, F.).
This genus contains about twenty species which are widely distributed,
representatives occurring in North America, Siberia, Japan, Borneo, West
Cyrtotriplax.] CLAVICORNIA. 185
Africa, &e. ; they may be known by their ovate form, and by having the
base of the thorax unmargined, as well as by the very long third joint of the
antenne. The genus Cyrtotriplax was separated by Crotch from Tritoma,
but Horn again joins them on the ground that the differences are insufli-
cient ; it is, however, best to adopt the name Cyrtotriplax, as Tritoma
is now applied by many authors to Mycetophagus.
The larva of C. bipustulata is described and figured by Perris, Larves des Coléoptéres,
p. 570, figs. 570—579; it is 5-6 mm. in length, rather broad, slightly narrowed in
front and behind, of a yellowish-white colour, with bands of reddish-brown, scantily
clothed with very short hairs, and terminated by two short hooks at the end of the
anal segment, which is bifid ; the head is narrower than the prothorax, which is the
longest of the segments; the antenne and legs are very short; the larva lives in fungi
in company with the perfect insect.
C. bipustulata, F. Ovate, broadest in middle, narrowed in front
and behind, black, shining, with a large red spot at shoulders of each
elytron, which often nearly meet at suture and enclose a dark space
about scutellum: the humeral callosity is often black: sometimes the
thorax is red ; head moderate, antennze rather short, red, with distinct
black 3-jointed club; thorax transverse, narrowed gradually in front,
finely and not closely punctured ; elytra at base about as broad as base
of thorax and continuing its outline, with regular rows of fine and closely
set punctures, interstices very finely punctured ; legs black, tarsi reddish,
tibie dilated at apex, all the coxe very widely distant, LL. 3-4 mm.
In fungoid growth on old trees and rotten stumps; local, and, as a rule, rare;
London district, not uncommon in some localities, Darenth Wood, Kichmond Park,
Mickleham, Sanderstead, Coombe Wood, Birch Wood; Epping Forest; The Holt,
Farnham ; St. Leonards Forest ; Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest; Northumberland
district, Dilston (G. Wailes); it has not been found in Scotland; it seems strange
that there should be no record from any locality between the Thames district and the
extreme north of England.
COLYDIIDA,
In the Munich catalogue ninety-two genera and three hundred and
thirty-nine species are assigned to this family ; these, however, have since
been considerably increased by the researches of Mr, Lewis, Dr. Sharp,
and others ; in the European Catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise
(1883), twenty-nine genera, containing about sixty species, are enu-
merated; in Britain, however, only fifteen species, belonging to ten
genera, have hitherto been recorded ; to these are added Murmidius and
Langelandia, which appear to belong to this family rather than to the
Histeridz and Lathridiide, to which they have, as arule, been respectively
assigned. I have also, following Thomson, included JLyrmecoxenus.
The Colydiide may be known from the allied families by the 4jointed
simple tarsi and the fact that the anterior ventral segments are more or
less connate; the anterior coxe are usually small and globular; the
anterior coxal cavities are sometimes closed and sometimes open behind ;
they are found as a rule under bark of trees, in decaying wood, or in
186 CLAVICORNIA. [ Colydiide.
fungi ; they appear to be much more characteristic of tropical than of
temperate countries, and as only a few outlying fragments of the family
are found in Britain, no attempt need be made to discuss their classifica-
tion ; for convenience sake they may be divided into the following tribes ;
with regard to the characters, different authors make very contradictory
statements ; as regards the anterior coxal cavities, for example, some
speak of them as open behind, while others, referring to the same genera,
say distinctly that they are closed behind ; the fact seems to be that
some genera have them so narrowly closed, that, unless they are carefully
examined, they appear to be open ; the same confusion also exists with
regard to the relative length of the joints of the tarsi. Dr. Horn
regards the Colydiina, which « contain in our fauna Colydium and Aglenus,
as distinct from the Deretaphrina, containing Teredus and Oxylemus ;
they are, however, not sufficiently distinct to be separated, and I have
followed Dr. Sharp in including them all under the Deretaphrina,
I, Antenne inserted under a distinct frontal ridge ; form more
or less elongate or oblong.
i. Last joint of labial palpi not acicular.
1. Anterior coxee slightiy separated; posterior coxze con-
tiguous.
A. First ventral segment of abdomen plaiuly longer than
SECON. eines . DERETAPHRINA.
B. First ventral segment ‘of abdomen about “equal to
second. . Sp O0 gp 6 00 6 Bio 0 6 SHANClEnauayN,
2. All the coxe distant Caeyer es : . . . © . DLANGELANDIINA.
ii, Last joint of labial palpi very small, acicular . . . . . CERYZONINA.
IJ. Antenne inserted on the forehead ; form ovate. . . . . MURMIDIINA.
DERETAPHRINA.
Of this tribe four out of the five known European genera are British,
the fifth genus Auwlonium beimg found in Central Europe ; with the
exception of Aglenus (which is local in manure-heaps, tan-pits, &c.),
they are found under bark or in burrows of wood-boring insects, and are
among our very rarest Coleoptera.
I. pee 11-jointed, club 3-jointed.
i. Eyes absent; size smaller ; palpi with the last joint oblong-
ee truncate at apex. . AGLENUS, Er.
i. Eyes present ; size larger ; palpi with the last joint sub-
“securiform .. oe) oe (COLMDIUMEN Gel.
Il. Antenne 11- jointed, club distinctly 2- jointed 48 TEREDUS, Shuck.
III. Antenne apparently 10-jointed with the club solid, but i in-
cluding the eleventh joint, which is visible at apex . . . . OxyLmmus, Hr.
AGLENUS, Erichson.
One European species is contained in this genus, which has been
described under different names from Britain, France, Austria, &c. ; it 18
Aglenus. | CLAVICORNIA. 187
a small reddish-brown cylindrical insect, and is characterized by the
absence of eyes.
A. brunneus, Gyll. Short, cylindrical, ferruginous or reddish-
testaceous ; head large, almost as broad as thorax, distinctly punctured ;
antenne short, 1l-jointed, with club 3-jointed; thorax about as
long as or a little longer than broad, truncate in front and behind,
rather thickly punctured ; elytra scarcely longer than head and thorax
taken together, somewhat ovate, obsoletely punctured behind, more
plainly towards base ; under-side of all the segments of thorax thickly
and deeply punctured ; legs short, reddish-testaceous. L. 13-2 mm.
In manure-heaps, tan-pits, refuse of corn-bins, old props in cellars, hot-beds, &e. ;
local ; Esher ; Ashford, Kent ; Cowley; Birdbrook, Essex ; Forest Hill; Edgbaston ;
I believe also that it has occurred in Gloucestershire ; it is probably often overlooked.
COLYDIUM, Fabricius.
A few species are included in this genus from North and Central
America, Senegal, &c. ; two occur in Europe, one of which is among the
very rarest of our British insects; it is found only in the New Forest,
and appears to be parasitic in the burrows of Plutypus cylindrus.
C. elongatum, F. Linear, very long and narrow, shining black ;
antenne rather short, brownish-red, with a strong 3-jointed club,
maxillary palpi with the last joint somewhat securiform ; head diffusely
and sparingly punctured ; thorax much longer than broad, very slightly
narrowed towards base, rather sparingly and finely but distinetly punc-
tured, with a strong and deep complete central furrow, and a smaller one
on each side, which are somewhat abbreviated in front and behind ;
elytra with the suture and four lines on each side raised, the latter more
strongly than the former, with the interstices somewhat rugose and each
furnished with two rows of punctures; legs brownish-red. L. 4-6 mm.
Under bark, and in old trees, in the burrows of wood-feeding beetles; very rare ;
New Forest (Turner, Champion, &c.).
My single specimen, which is labelled “ Turner, 1862,” has the head
and thorax black and the elytra reddish-brown.
TEREDUS, Shuckhard.
Two European species and one from Ceylon are contained in this
genus ; one of these is found in Britain ; they are distinguished by their
long cylindrical form, and the 2-jointed club of the antenne.
T. nitidus, F. (cylindricus, Ol.). Long, narrow, and cylindrical,
shining black ; antenne ferruginous; thorax about double as long as
broad, as broad in front as elytra, slightly narrowed to base, with all the
angles blunt, thickly and finely punctured; elytra parallel, rounded
188 CLAVICORNIA. [ Teredus.
behind, with very finely punctured strie, and the interstices furnished
with very fine rows of punctures ; legs red. L. 33-4 mm.
Under bark of oak, &c., and in decaying stumps; very rare; Sherwood Forest.
Mr. Blatch has lately taken several specimens in the old locality,
OXYLEZMUS, Erichson.,
This genus contains two European species and one from North
America ; they occur under bark of trees, often in company with ants,
and are of very rare occurrence.
I. Thorax rather closely, although strongly punctured,
with four impressions at base, of which the two outer
ones reach scarcely one-third of the length of the
We A Af GO 6 oan 8 6 Sf 4 94 oe CON ovannasanpaohsh J2u77
II. Thorax very coarsely and not thickly punctured,
with four impressions at base, of which the two outer
ones reach as far as the middle of thorax . . . . O. VARIOLOSUS, Duft.
©. cylindricus, Panz. Elongate, cylindrical, shining reddish-
brown, thinly clothed with short upright hairs; head sparingly and
deeply punctured ; antennz rather short, with solid club ; thorax a little
narrower than elytra, scarcely narrowed at base, upper surface coarsely
and deeply and rather thickly punctured, with two small deep furrows
above scutellum, and a longer triangular impression on each side ; elytra
parallel, with eight rows of punctures, all strong and deep, except those
of the seventh row which are fine ; legs stout, tibie dilated at apex.
L. 3 mm.
Under bark of oak; rare; New Forest, Lyndhurst, &c. (EH. Sheppard and others).
©. variolosus, Duft. (ce@sus, Er.) Very like the preceding, but
somewhat broader and less cylindrical, with the thorax more sparingly
and less thickly punctured, and with the outer basal impression reaching
as far as middle ; the punctures of the striz of elytra are all large and
deep, and the under-side of the thorax is more strongly punctured,
L. 3 mm.
Under bark, by sweeping, &c. ; very rare; first taken at Colney Hatch, Middlesex,
by Mr. Dossetor in 1850, and afterwards by Mr. Pelerin in 1854 at Charlton, Kent,
Dr. Power has captured it at Mickleham and Claygate, and also at Holm Bush,
Brighton ; it is very rare on the continent, where it was first taken by M. Dufour in
a high mountainous district under bark of oak, and afterwards by Herr Gressner in
Saxony in company with Formica fuliginosa.
SYNCHITINA.
A few small European genera are contained in this tribe, of which six
are found in Britain ; these may be separated as follows :—
I. Antenne very stout without distinct club at apex, but
forming a fusiform club almost from base . . . . ORrtTHOocErRUS, Lair.
(Sarrotrium, Il.)
Synchitina. | CLAVICORNIA. 189
II. Antenne rather slender, terminating ina distinct club
made up of either one or two joints.
i. Sides of thorax and elytra strongly notched; upper
surface very scabrous; form broader; tibia without
apieal’spines: 4) =. lis ie me a) ss fs DRNDOPRTEUS, Zr,
ii. Sides of thorax and elytra simple or slightly erenu-
late; upper surface not scabrous; form narrower ;
tibiao with small fine apical spines.
1, Antenne 11-jointed, club 2-jointed . , . . . Drvoma, Zl.
2. Antenne 10-jointed, club solid.
A. Grooves for the reception of the antennzo
MENUS OS 8 5 5 6 6 4 b Oo 6 6 fo SPanCnnGU PEATE
B. Grooves for the reception of the antennz dis-
CIDCHOS elie el ee Me (tales ee Gs) (CLCONES! Curte
III. Antenne rather slender, terminating in a 4-
jointed club (species small with facies of a Crypto-
phagus) « »« «+ © + = © © © © © © « © « »« MYRMECOXENUS, Chevr.
ORTHOCERWS, Latreille (Sarrotrium, 111.).
This genus contains three European species, and one from Central
Asia ; the single species found in Britain extends over northern Europe
and Siberia ; they may be known by the peculiar development of their
antenne,
O. muticus, L. (clavicornis, L. ; hirlicornis, De G.). Greyish-black,
clothed with very fine whitish pubescence ; head large, uneven, sub-
quadrate, with small, prominent eyes; antennz fusiform, very stout
and broad, broadest in middle, joints 4-9 plainly broader than the
remainder, pilose and set with long sete ; thorax a little narrower in
front than behind, with the posterior angles very blunt, and the anterior
angles projecting, with a deep broad longitudinal furrow bounded on
each side by an indistinct raised line ; elytra with rows of deep, crenu-
late, punctures, second, fourth, and sixth interstices strongly raised ; legs
rather short, tarsi setose beneath. L. 4mm.
Sandy places ; at roots of grass, in moss, &e. ; not uncommon, but local; Sheerness,
Shirley, Esher; Lowestoft; Felixstowe; Deal; Dover; Hastings; Hayling Island ;
New Forest ; Swansea; Leicester; York; Crosby and Hightown near Liverpool ;
Southport ; Northumberland district, near Bamborough Castle ; Scotland, maritime,
local, Forth district.
ENDOPHLIGUS, Erichson.
This genus contains a few species, three of which are found in Europe,
and one has lately been described from Japan by Dr. Sharp; as regards
this genus, and in fact all the genera of the Colydiidx, it must be
remembered that owing to their retiring habits the species are perpetually
passed over, and that consequently many of those genera that are now
restricted to some two or three species, may ultimately be found to be
very numerous; the genus may be recognized by its broad form, much
raised and scabrous surface, and the serrated sides of thorax and elytra.
190 CLAVICORNIA. [ Endophleus.
E. spinulosus, Latr. Oblong, rather broad, reddish-brown, with
obscure dark markings, the margins being somewhat lighter, very dull,
with short stiff setae at sides and on the various scabrous prominences
with which the upper surface is thickly set ; head rather small, sunk in
thorax, antenne not stout, with 2-jointed club, the eleventh joint being
also dilated; thorax granulate, with anterior angles projecting and par-
tially encircling head, sides strongly serrate, disc with irregular longi-
tudinal ridge in centre; elytra with rough interrupted ridges and
prominences, two near suture being strongly defined at base, margins
serrate, but not so strongly as in thorax ; legs rather short, ferruginous.
L. 4-6 mm.
Under bark and in decaying wood, among the débris of the borings of Leptura
scutellata ; very rare; New Forest ; this species was one of Charles Turner’s great
“finds;” I have the original specimen in my possession labelled “ New Forest,
March 3, 1862.”’
DITOMA, Llliger (Synchitodes, Crotch).
With the exception of the genera Tarphius and Bothrideres this genus
is one of the most numerous in point of species, and the most widely
distributed of the Colydiide; species have been recorded from North
and South America, Ceylon, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Western
Africa, Cuba, &c.; only one has hitherto been found in Europe ; it
is somewhat local, but not uncommon in Britain,
The larva of D. crenata is described and figured by Perris (Ann. Fr., 1853, p. 614,
Pl. 18, fig. 110); it is 6 mm. in length, linear and depressed, of a whitish colour,
with a reddish tinge on some portions of the body; the head is suborbicular, narrower
than the prothorax ; the rest of the segments are of about equal breadth, the body
being somewhat moniliform; the last segment is darker at apex than the rest, and
terminates in two rather long produced points at sides, and two shorter ones within
these; the legs and antenne are very short. The larva is found under bark of
oaks and pines devouring the larvee of species of Tomicus.
D. crenata, F. Elongate, parallel-sided, depressed, dull black,
with exceedingly fine greyish pubescence, elytra with two larger or
smaller reddish patches on each, which sometimes cover all the elytra
except a narrow space at suture and in middle; head narrower than
thorax, antenne ferruginous, with 2-jointed club; thorax almost as
long as broad, a little narrower at base than elytra, with all the angles
obtuse, upper-side rugosely punctured, with two raised lines on each
side ; elytra parallel, rounded at apex, with rows of regular punctures,
alternate interstices slightly raised. L. 3 mm.
Under bark of oak, beech, fir, &c. ; local, but not uncommon ; Mickleham; Loughton ;
Hainault ; Windsor Forest ; The Holt, Farnham; St. Leonards Forest ; New Forest ;
very doubtful as Scottish, Forth district ; “ Duddingstone and South of Scotland,
Ent. Edin. ;” if we may judge by the fact that it occurs in no intervening district,
this record is almost certainly erroneous; it has never been taken by Dr. Sharp or
any other collector in Scotland that I know of.
Synchita. ] CLAVICORNIA. 191
SYNCHITA, Hellw. (Ditoma, TH. R. W.).
This genus contains about fifteen species, which are very widely
distributed, representatives being recorded from North and South
America, Africa, the Antilles, &c.; three oecur in Europe, of which two
have for some time been regarded as British ; Dr. Sharp, however (Ent.
Monthly Mag. xxii. 44), shows conclusively that we do not possess
S. mediolanensis, which was introduced with considerable hesitation by
Mr. Rye in the Entomologists’ Annual for 1868, p. 65. All our
specimens must therefore be referred to S. juglandis, which appears to
yary considerably both as regards colour and size.
S. juglandis, F. (v. olscura, Redt.). Oblong, fuscous, with the
thorax sometimes darker than the elytra, dull; the colour, however, is
variable ; upper surface rather depressed ; antennz brownish-red, with
the club lighter, apparently solid; head much narrower than thorax,
thickly and finely rugose ; thorax a little narrower than elytra, broader
than long, margined, with all the angles blunt, very thickly and rugosely
punctured ; elytra with regular rows of strong crenulate punctures, and
the interstices finely wrinkled ; on each row of punctures and on each
interstice there is a row of fine grey outstanding sete; the colour of
the elytra is usually fuscous, with a lighter spot at each shoulder,
but sometimes it is unicolorous testaceous-brown ; legs ferruginous,
L. 2-42 mm.
Under bark of deciduous trees, in old stumps, &c.; very rare; New Forest (taken
by Turner, and lately in some numbers by Mr. Gorham and Dr. Sharp); Stephens
records it from the London district, and Haliday from near Belfast ; I believe that
Mr. Crotch is said to have taken it at Thetford, near Merton, Surrey.
CICONES, Curtis.
In the Munich catalogue four species only are enumerated under this
genus, two from Europe, one from Tahiti, and one from Ceylon; further
species, however, have been found in Ceylon, and Dr. Sharp has lately
described two from Japan, so that the genus is probably a numerous and
widely distributed one ; it differs from Ditoma by its solid club, and
from Synchita by having distinct grooves for the reception of the
antenne.
C. variegatus, Hellw. (carpini, Curt.). Oblong, rather broad,
fuscous, sometimes nearly black, clothed with more or less distinct short
yellowish and brownish hairs, elytra irregularly variegated with yellowish
bands ; antenne and legs reddish; head much narrower than thorax ;
thorax about as broad as elytra, rather strongly transverse, anterior angles
produced, posterior angles almost right angles ; disc uneven ; elytra with
rows of punctures, which are somewhat irregular between the interstices,
alternate interstices slightly raised ; legs short. L. 3 mm,
192 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cicones.
Under bark of beech and hornbeam; rare; Bromley (Kent), Chatham, Mickleham,
Loughton, Epping Forest, Westerham, Farnborough ; New Forest.
MYRMECOXENUS, Chevrolat.
This genus has given rise to much discussion, and its true position still
remains in some doubt; it has the facies of a Cryptophagus, and has by
some authors been placed near that genus, but the 4-jointed tarsi, more
or less connate first segments of abdomen, and the fact that the anterior
coxal cavities are closed behind, seem*to point to a very different position ;
it has also been placed among the Lathridiide and the Mycetophagide
and under the Endomychide as forming a portion of the Myceteina; on
the whole, however, its most natural position seems to be with the
Synchitina, and I have therefore placed it in this tribe, although it is
more than possible that further researches may cause it to be very diffe-
rently located ; the genus contains four species, which are chiefly found
in Central and Southern Europe.
WM. vaporariorum, Guér. Oblong, rather depressed, somewhat
shining, ferrugino-testaceous, with the apex of abdomen dark, clothed
with very fine pale pubescence, and very closely but somewhat distinctly
punctured; head rather large, triangular, eyes black, somewhat promi-
nent; antenne rather short, testaceous, thickened towards apex, 11-
jointed, with a gradual 4-jointed elub; thorax slightly transverse, with
the sides gradually and slightly rounded in front and narrowed behind ;
elytra broader than thorax, somewhat widest behind middle, with shoul-
ders well marked, reddish-testaceous with the colour sometimes a little
darker at sides, base, and apex ; pygidium not quite covered by elytra;
legs ferruginous. L. 1} mm.
In dung-heaps, hot-beds, and vegetable refuse ; rare; Carshalton, Surrey (Janson) ;
Dulwich (T. Wood); Weston-super-Mare (Crotch); Edgbaston and Knowle near
Birmingham (Blatch); Manchester district ; Withington, Cheshire (Chappell).
LANGELANDIINA.
I have adopted this tribe to include the genera Langelandia, Aubé,
and Agelandia, Reitter, which are usually included under the Lathri-
diide ; Herr Reitter, however, placed them among the Colydiudz on the
ground that the tarsi are 4-jointed, and not 3-jointed as they have
generally been supposed to be ; M. Belon (Annales de la Soc. Linnéenne
de Lyon, 1881, p. 199) takes very strong exception to-the view adopted
by Herr Reitter, and says that neither he himself, nor other entomologists
whom he has consulted, have been able to discover more than three
joints to the tarsi; I have, however, had some correspondence with M.
Belon on the subject, in which he says that since the publication of his
work on the Lathridiide above referred to he has seen an example of
Lengeunditna. | CLAVICORNIA. 193
Langelandia (Agelandia) grandis, which undoubtedly has four joints to
the tarsi ; this species is very closely related to Langelandia anophthalma,
and cannot be separated far from it; if then this latter species has
3-jointed tarsi, great confusion arises as "to the proper classification. M.
Belon rather inclines to the plan of classing the Colydiide and Lath-
ridiidg together under one family, so as to include the groups with three
joints to the tarsi as well as those with four joints ; the only other plan
to be adopted (if Langelandia has 3-jointed tarsi, which does not seem
as yet to be proved with absolute certainty) is to form a separate family
Langelandiide ; ; as, however, M. Belon observes, it appears ‘‘ exorbitant
de leur donner rang de famille ; ;” if, however, they are not given family
rank, | feel certain they must be classed with the Colydiidi, as they bear
a far greater affinity to such genera as Ditoma than to any of the Lath-
ridiidee.
LANGELANDIA, Aubé.
This genus contains four European species, one of which has quite
recently been found in Britain; they are characterized by having no
eyes, and by the fact that all the cox are more or less distant ; they are
usually found in rotten wood, seed potatoes, &c., buried at some distance
underground.
The larva of L. anophthalma is described by Perris (Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 77) ;
the description, however, does not quite agree with that of a larva taken by Mr. T.
Wood in company with the perfect insect, and which I feel certain is the larva of
Langelandia ; Perris describes the larva as linear, but the larva before me is strongly
strangulate in the middle of body, and the abdomen is widened behind and terminates
in two str eng pointed processes ; Perris states that the larva is linear, and that the
abdominal segments are gradually larger until the sixth, and that the ninth terminates
in two moderately curved hooks 3 ; the pupa appears to be distinguished by having the
large flat head resting on the thoracic region.
EL. anophthalma, Aubé. Elongate, subparallel, not convex, of a
dull ferrugineus colour; head much narrower than thorax, uneven;
antenne short and stout, with distinct 2-jointed club; thorax much
longer than broad, widest a little before apex, slightly narrowed to base,
anterior angles produced, posterior angles obtuse, lateral margin bordered
and more or less strongly crenulated, disc with three more or less distinct
longitudinal keels; elytra with the suture and two lines on each raised,
the intervals being more or jess coarsely punctured in rows ; legs ferru-
ginous. L. 25- r mm.
This species Re aile been recently discovered in Britain by Mr. T. Wood, who took
it in his garden at St. Peter’s, Kent, in decaying seed potatoes underground, and where
I had the pleasure of taking it with him last summer (1886) ; the insect is extremely
sluggish in its movements, and might be easily overlooked.
CERYLONINA.
This tribe contains two European genera, Philothermus and Cerylon,
VOL. Il. co)
194 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cerylonina.
the former of which has the club plainly 2-jointed, whereas in the latter
it is solid; they are small oblong or oval insects, and are distinguished
by having the last joint of the palpi small and acicular, and the penulti-
mate joint dilated ; all the cox are widely separated ; the genus Cerylon
alone occurs in Britain. ;
CERYLON, Latreille.
About thirty species are contained in this genus, which are widely
distributed throughout the world, representatives being found in North
and South America, Ceylon, Tahiti, New Caledonia, Madagascar, &c. ;
nine or ten species are found in Europe, of which four are British ; for
a description of these the student is referred to a paper by myself in the
Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine, vol. xxiil. pp. 71-76 ; the species are
small robust insects, and live under bark of decaying trees, logs, &c. ;
sometimes they are found in ants’ nests ; the shape of the thorax differs
considerably in the two sexes, a point that must be carefully noticed.
The larva of C. histeroides is described by Perris (Ann. Fr. 1853, p. 616) ; it is elon-
gate, somewhat parallel, entirely white with reddish head; head depressed, antennze
4-jointed, with the last joint as long as all the preceding; prothorax longer than
either meso- or metathorax, both of which are longer than the abdominal segments,
which are of equal length until the last, which is somewhat developed, and has on the
back two papilla, each furnished with a long hair; it is deeply emarginate behind, and
the lobes of the emargination appear to be trifid at apex; tarsi short and stout,
3-jointed ; legs ciliate. The larva, according to M. Perris, lives in the galleries
of Hylurgus piniperda, of which it destroys the larva; it is also found in other trees
than pine trees, where it probably destroys the larvae of other wood-boring beetles.
I. Form broader; upper surface pitchy-brown or nearly
black.
i. Antenne more slender; basal impressions of thorax
transverse and rather shallow; thorax somewhat
closely punctured . . . - + s+ - 6 © «
ii. Antenne thicker; basal impressions of thorax
longitudinal and deep; thorax strongly and spar-
ingly punctured. . . « - - - - « « « . CO, FAGI, Bris.
Il. Form narrower and more parallel ; upper surface nearly
always ferruginous testaceous.
i. Upper surface slightly convex ; sides of thorax almost
parallel ; basal impressions of thorax distinct ; striz
of elytra becoming evanescent towards apex. . .« C, FERRUGINEUM, Steph.
ii. Upper surface much depressed ; striz of elytra reach-
ing apex. . . © «© + + «© «© © © © « © + O, DEPLANATUM, Gyll.
C. HISTEROIDES, J’.
C. histeroides, F. Dark pitchy-black, ferruginous or reddish-
ferruginous in immature examples, not very convex ; antennx ferruginous ;
thorax thickly and rather strongly punctured, in the male a little shorter
than broad, and a little widened and rounded in front, so that its greatest
breadth is before middle ; in the female it is just as long as broad, very
slightly and almost imperceptibly narrowed in front, so that it is broadest
at base ; elytra slightly dilated and widened at sides, rather depressed,
Cerylon.] CLAVICORNIA. 195
with distinct striae, which are plainly punctured, and usually become
obsolete near apex ; interstices flat, finely punctured in more or less
irregular rows, legs reddish or pitchy-red. L. 2-21 mm,
Under bark of pines, elms, oaks, and many other trees; also in ants’ nests; common
and generally distributed over the greater part of England and probably Ireland ; it
is apparently less common further north; Mr. Bold records it as rare from the
Northumberland district, and Dr. Sharp says that it is local in Scotland in the Tay
and Dee districts. Mr. Blatch has taken a large mahogany-brown coloured variety
in great profusion in Buddon Wood, Leicestershire, in nests of Formica rufa.
V. longicolle, Reitt. This appears to bea form of Reitter’s v. caucasicum
of C. histeroides, which is chiefly distinguished by its longer thorax. In
Dr. Sharp’s collection there is a specimen answering to my specimen from
Herr Reitter, which is labelled as “bought from Turner;” no locality,
however, is attached.
C. fagi, Bris. (forticorne, Muls.). Broader and more convex than
C. histeroides, and with the elytra more dilated in front ; the antennae
are shorter and stouter, ferruginous, with the first and last joints lighter,
and the thorax is evidently more strongly and much more sparingly
punctured, especially on disc, and at the base is furnished with larger
impressions, which are oblong, and more distinct than in the preceding
species ; the thorax, moreover, is almost parallel-sided in the male, and
evidently narrowed in front in the female ; the striw of the elytra are
rather finely punctured, and the interstices, as a rule, are almost smooth.
L. 2-2} mm.
Under bark and in rotten wood, especially of beech; not common; Chatham,
Sevenoaks, Cobham Park, Twickenham, St. Mary Cray, Mickleham, T:lgate, Darenth ;
The Holt, Farnham ; Dean Forest.
V. excavatum, Fowler. This variety has the basal impressions of
thorax continued nearly to the anterior margin, leaving a more or less
defined broad raised longitudinal space in middle.
Warlingham, Surrey ; three or four specimens have been taken in this locality by
Mr. W. T. Saunders ; they may possibly be identical with C. foveolatum, Baudi, but
I have never seen a specimen of this species; it is, moreover, cinitted in the last
European catalogue, and is unknown to Herr Reitter, who is the chief authority on the
Huropean species.
C. ferrugineum, Steph. (angustatum, Er.). Rufo-ferruginous,
oblong, parallel-sided ; smaller and narrower than C. histeroides, to im-
mature specimens of which species it bears a considerable resemblance ;
thorax rather strongly punctured, thickly at sides less thickly on disc,
in male a little longer than broad, very slightly widened in front, in
female evidently longer than broad, parallel-sided, basal impressions
distinct but not large ; elytra with sides a little rounded, with rather
strong punctured striz which, at sides, are more or less evanescent
towards apex, first interstice next suture with a row of very fine punc-
tures ; sutural stria evidently deepened at apex. L. 2-27 mm.
02
196 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ceryton.
Under bark of all kinds of deciduous trees, especially beeches ; very local, but oc-
easionally abundant ; Chatham ; Cobham Park, Kent; New Forest; Dean Forest ;
Cannock Chase; Sherwood Forest; Withington, Cheshire, in decayed root of lime
tree; Scotland, rare, Tay district, Aviemore.
Cc. deplanatum, Gyll. Closely allied to the preceding, but rather
smaller and more depressed, being the flattest of all the European
species ; in the male.the thorax is evidently, although gradually, narrowed
towards base, in the female the sides are almost straight, in both sexes
it is longer than broad ; the basal impressions are very small, and often
only indicated by a very narrow fovea at base, which sometimes is almost
absent ; this point will distinguish it from the preceding, and also from
the continental species C. impressum, which it much resembles ; the
strie of the elytra are moderate and reach apex; the sutural stria is,
however, not deeper at apex. L. 13-2 mm.
Very rare in Britain; I only know of two or three examples, taken, I believe, by
Mr. Gorham in the New Forest ; Dr. Sharp’s specimens from Scotland, that stand
under the name, appear to be only small varieties of C. ferrugineum ; the species is
found rarely in Central Europe, under bark of beech, aspen, poplar, and probably
other deciduous trees.
MURMIDIINA.
In some respects this tribe appears to be related to the Histeride, but
it differs in having the tarsi 4-jointed ; unless, therefore, we can raise the
tribe to the rank of a family, it seems the best course to class it with the
Colydiide ; it must be admitted, however, that it appears to be a some-
what abnormal member of the family, and that as regards the develop-
ment of the prosternal lobe it much resembles Hister and its allies; its
present position must, perhaps, be regarded as merely provisional.
MUR MIDIUS, Leach.
This genus contains two species, which are found in Europe and
America ; one of these occurs very rarely in Britain.
WZ. ovalis, Beck (ferrugineus, Leach). Short oval, rather convex,
shining, lighter or darker castaneous; head narrower than thorax ;
antenne very short, ferruginous, with a subglobose, apparently one-
jointed, club; thorax very slightly narrower at base than elytra, very
transverse, obsoletely punctured, with two abbreviated striz on each
side, posterior angles right angles; elytra rounded at sides and apex,
with rows of rather large punctures, which become evanescent towards
apex ; legs ferruginous, tibia somewhat arcuate. L. 1 mm.
In dead leaves, cut grass &e.; mostly found, however, in old rice, hay, &e.; Mad-
ingley Wood, Cambridgeshire, Dec. 1831 (Power) ; Shirley, near Croydon (Champion) ;
London, in an old truss of hay bought for packing purposes (Janson).
Histeridw. | CLAVICORNIA. 197
HISTERIDA.
This family, according to the Munich catalogue of 1868, contains 60
genera and 1150 species ; since that time, however, a large number of
species and about 20 genera have been added through the researches of
Schmidt, Lewis, and other Coleopterists who have especially studied the
group; as_a rule the members of the family are conspicuous for
their smooth shining appearance, and the total want of pubescence; some
few genera, however, have the outer skeleton very opaque and are strongly
sulcate ; the chief characters of the family are as follows: antennie
short, geniculate, capable of being retracted, club distinct and com-
pact and as a rule received into cavities of the prosternum ; thorax
closely applied to elytra; prosternum frequently lobed in front; coxal
cavities open behind ; mesosternum variable in shape, metasternum
very large; elytra truncate behind, leaving the pygidium and propygidium
uncovered ; abdomen with five free ventral segments ; legs short, capable of
being retracted closely underneath body, tarsi short and slender and in most
genera received in grooves on the anterior face of the tibie, usually
9-jointed, but in one or two genera the posterior pair are 4-jointed ;
intermediate and posterior coxze widely separated.
The greater number of the species are found in dung and carcases,
but the Hololeptina, which are remarkable for their flat appearance and
prominent head, as well as for the peculiar structure of their mandibles
and maxille, live under the bark of trees; of these we possess no repre-
sentatives, but one or two of our genera, as Paromalus and Abrus, occur
in damp rotten wood, and another, Teretrius, appears to be parasitic on
certain wood-feeding beetles ; one or two species are found exclusively
in ants’ nests,
The species as a rule are round or oval or more or less oblong, rarely
cylindrical, of a unicolorous shining black or brownish colour, sometimes
greenish or bluish, and occasionally metallic, with more or less distinct
striation on the elytra; sometimes the elytra are marked with bright
red spots or patches.
It may perhaps be observed that there is considerable difference among
the writers on this family as to its generic classification.
The larve of the Histeride are distinguished by the absence of ocelli, the soft-
ness of their integument, the upper surface of the abdomen being often much wrinkled,
the very short legs which in Hister are not visible from above, and the broad ninth
segment of the abdomen which bears two short, 2-jointed cerci ; they are furnished
with large and powerful jaws, and are carnivorous and very voracious. Our British
genera may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Upper surface not costate (in the European species) .*
i, Prosternum lobed in front, covering under-side of head.
ee eee ee
* Hister costatus from Mexico has the opaque exoskeleton and costate sculpture
of Onthophilus, but it is at present the only species known that presents this pecu-
liarity.
198 CLAVICORNIA. [ Histeride.
1. Antenne inserted in cavities which are anterior,
open in front, and more or less completely closed
beneath by the lobe of the prosternum, which is
strong.
A. Club of antennz oval, pubescent, usually dis-
Gincily nined eos ks gel get 2-4) oe” cer ee ej eee 2s.
B. Club of antenne obconical, without pubescence,
SOlIdMhe. Soa HEtTa#&rivs, Er.
2. Antenne inserted in cavities at the middle of the
inflexed portion of the thorax, near the sides.
A. Middle and posterior tibize slender ; front tibic
dilated.
a. Elytra regularly and strongly striate; body
oval; scutellum conspicuous ..... .
b. Elytra with dorsal strie more or less obsolete ;
body oblong ; scutellum inconspicuous . . . PARromatvs, Er.
B. All the tibie dilated; body oval . . . . . DENbDROPHILUS, Leach.
ii. Prosternum not lobed in front, truncate,
1. Antenne inserted under the margin of the fore-
head ; mandibles prominent.
A. Anterior tibize without distinct spines; upper
surface very obsoletely striate at sides. . . . MyrMeEreEs, Marsh.
B. Anterior tibiee distinctly spined ; upper surface
striate and more or less punctured.
a. Forehead with a distinct impressed stria . . Saprinus, Er.
b. Forehead without impressed stria . . . . GNaTHONCUS, Duv.
2. Antenne inserted on the forehead; mandibles
small, not prominent.
A. Posterior tibiae distinctly toothed; form sub-
cylindriculy PS 4 4 05. flees « Ue . SERETRIVG, Ere
B. Posterior tibia not or scarcely toothed; form
more or less ovate.
a. Thorax with a deep transverse furrow in
middle y 0 cle.) sss @ + 8 5 PERGADERUG. Ei
b. Thorax without transverse furrow.
a*, All the tarsi 5-jointed; elytra without
marginal stria; sizelarger . . . . .
b*, Posterior tarsi 4-jointed ; elytra with mar-
ginal stria, situated on epipleure; size
Smaller cs i la Ro, Sey CAGkTis, Bee
IJ. Upper surface strongly costate; prosternum feebly
lobediin' front % 5. is 6 se see yw oe oes ONTHOPRIEUS, Leacns
Carcinors, Mars.
. ABRxus, Leach.
HISTER, Linné.
This extensive genus contains at present about three hundred and
twenty species, which are widely distributed throughout the world, both
in tropical and temperate regions ; about sixty of these species occur in
Hurope, fifteen of which are found in Britain; two or three of these,
however, are doubtfully indigenous ; they are found in dung, hot-beds,
decaying fungi, or carcases, and when alarmed, retract their limbs and
antenne and remain motionless.*
* Hence their name, which is the primary Etruscan form of Nisério, an actor, and
was applied to them by Linné in allusion to their feigning death.
TTister. | CLAVICORNIA. 199
The larva of H. wnicolor is described and figured by Schiodte, De Metamorphosi
Eleutheratorum, Part ii. p. 62, Plate i. fig. ii it is of a dirty-white colour with
the corneous parts fuscous and the coriaceous parts yellowish ; it is rather broad and
almost parallel-sided until the ninth segment of abdomen, which is broad and bears
two short cerci composed of two joints; the head is narrower than prothorax, with
very powerful mandibles; ocelli wanting ; antennas short ; prothorax large, longer
nies meso- and metathorax together, these two latter being very short; the pro-
thorax is deeply channelled in the centre and at sides; the abdominal segments are
contracted at apex and base, and each is furnished with a row of minute scuta in front
and behind ; legs very short, not or scarcely visible from above.
I. Thorax coarsely punctured on the under surface
of margins ; antennal cavities not distinct ; size
larger ; elytra with four more or less distinct red
markings often confluent . . . . . . . . H. QuapDrIMacuLatUs, L.
Il. Thorax with under surface of margins almost
impunctate ; antennal cavities always well
marked ; size smaller,
i. Mesosternum emarginate in front, prosternum
rounded at base.
1. Elytra with an outer lateral stria abbre-
viated behind, and an inner lateral stria
abbreviated in front, not meeting; three
dorsal striea, asarule, entire . . . . . H.UuNIcOLOR, L,
2, Elytra witha continuous outer marginalstria
only; four dorsal strie, as a rule, entire,
A. Thorax with two strize near margins.
a. Form long oval, subparallel; club of
antenne red; anterior tibize with four
teeth . : o «ie se. o Hi MERDARIUS, Hop.
b. Form short oval ; club of antenne
black-brown ; anterior tibize with
5-6 teeth.
a®*, Frontal stria in the form of a
semicircle, often obsolete in middle ;
average size larger; epipleure not
rugosely punctured . . . . H. cADAVERINUS, Hoff.
b*. Frontal stria always entire, in “the
form of a semicircle depressed at
vertex into an angle pointing back-
wards; average size smaller; epi-
pleure rugosely punctured. . . . H. succtcona, Thoms.
B. Thorax with one stria only near margins,
a. Lateral stria on elytra abbreviated
behind and usually also in front . . . H. sTERcoRARIUS, Hoff.
b. Lateral stria on elytra entire.
a*, Epipleuree smooth; elytra with a
large ill-defined reddish spot on each
(rarely absent and sometimes suffused
over the whole elytra) . . . . . H. puRPURASCENS, Herbst.
b*. Epipleuree punctured; elytra
always unicolorous black.
ay. Sutural stria of elytra almost
entire; elytra with a trace of a
fifth dorsal stria at base;* teeth of
front tibie very fine . . . . . H. MARGINATUS, Er.
* In this work the first dorsal stria of elytra is regarded as next the margiral
200 CLAVICORNIA, [| Mister.
bf. Sutural stria of elytra reaching
only from about middle to apex ;
teeth of frout tibia rather
strong.
aj. Size larger ; thorax Iess strong-
ly narrowed in front; frontal
stria more distinctly angled in
middle. .'. .: .*. . .. Ms NEGLECTUS, Germ.
bf. Size smaller; thorax more
strongly narrowed in front;
frontal stria_ less distinctly
angled in middle . . . . H. carponarivs, Ill.
3. Elytra without lateral stria; thorax with
two lateral strize on each side, the outer
one being sometimes visible only near
anterior angles,
A. Elytra black with red markings.
a. Prosternal process emarginate at apex ;
outer lateral stria of thorax long,
scarcely abbreviated . . . . . (H. QUADRINOTATUS, Scriba.)
b. Prosternal process not emar einate, m more
or less pointed or rounded; outer
lateral stria of thorax abbreviated . . (H. sinvatus, Itt.)
B. Elytra entirely black; outer lateral stria
of thorax very short, visible at anterior
aA 55 G 5 . H, BISSEXSTRIATUS, F,
. Mesosternum truncate in front: or r slightly
rounded, prosternum quite straight; thorax
with one lateral stria on each side (sub-gen.
Atholus, Thoms.)
1. Elytra black; anterior tibie with three
teeth.
A. Elytra without eee subhumeral
stria eee : . H. 12-srrratvs, Sch.
B. Elytra with a more or less distinet abbre-
viated subhumeral stria . . . Var, 14-striatus, Gyll,
2. Hlytra with a large red spot on each towards
apex ; anterior tibize with four teeth . . . H. BimMAcuLatus, D.
H. quadrimaculatus, LL. Somewhat depressed, oblong-or subquad-
rate, with sides somewhat widened and rounded in middle; black with
a large crescent-shaped red spot on each, which is very variable in shape,
being often interrupted and forming four patches, and sometimes being
slaeeanh altogether (V. ethiops, Heer); thorax with one entire lateral
stria, and a much abbreviated outer stria which is sometimes obsolete ;
ely tra with no sutural stria, but with three entire dorsal striz and an
abbreviated subhumeral stria ; pygidium much more thickly punctured
than propygidium ; anterior tibise with three strong teeth, LL. 7-11
mm.
stria; by some authors the striz are counted from the sutural stria, but as the strice
NY
near suture are usually abbreviated and often obsolete, this method of counting gives
rise to much confusion.
Hister’. | CLAVICORNIA, 201
In moss, dung, careases, flood refuse, &c.; often under stones, and sometimes on
the wing settling on white objects such as sails or sheets; usually found on or near
the coast; London district, not uncommon (Champion); Whitstable, Gravesend,
Sheerness, Chatham; Herne Bay; Ramsgate; Deal; Southsea; New Forest; Isle
of Wight; as a rule it is decidedly a rare species, but seems at times to be found in
abundance; Stephens (Tllust. vol. iti. p. 146) quotes a reeord by Lieut. Davies in
Loudon’s Magazine as follows : ‘‘ Hister 4-maculatus, of which I had previously taken
few specimens, now (1827) covered Southsea Common, so that many were crushed
under foot at each step.”’
HZ. unicolor, L. Short oval, almost orbicular, entirely black ; fore-
head obsoletely impressed, frontal stria entire, sinuate ; thorax convex,
strongly narrowed in front, with two lateral striae, of which the internal
is almost entire and the external is much abbieviated ; elytra with outer
lateral stria abbreviated, and three dorsal strive, as a rule, entire ; sutural
stria only reaching to about middle ; pygidium more closely punctured
than propygidium ; legs pitchy-black, anterior tibiz considerably dilated,
and armed with three teeth, the apical one of which is bifid. L, 8-10
mm,
In dung, careases, at sap of felled trees, &c.; generally distributed and common in
the London district and the south ; less common further north ; Repton; Bewdley ;
Shrewsbury ; Liverpool district ; Northumberland district ; doubtful as Scottish ; Dr.
Sharp says that it is recorded by Murray as occasional, and by McGillivray from
Aberdeen, but he has never seen a Scottish specimen ; Ireland, near Belfast.
H. merdarius, Hoff. Oblong, subparallel, shining black ; club of
antenns: reddish ; frontal stria entire; thorax with two strong entire
lateral strive which have the interval between them plainly punctured
as a rule, but not always; elytra with outer marginal stria and the next
four dorsal striz entire, sutural stria abbreviated ; pygidium more closely
punctured than propygidium ; epipleuree finely punctured ; anterior tibiz
with four teeth. L. 6 mm.
In dung, vegetable refuse, &c.; rare; Forest Hill, Battersea Fields, Horsell, Woking ;
Aylsham ; New Forest; Wisbeach; Nottinghamshire ; Herefordshire; Foremark,
near Repton.
This species may be distinguished from the succeeding by its smaller
size, subparallel form, and the denticulation of the anterior tibiz.
H. cadaverinus, Hoff. (striola, Sahlb.). Larger than the preceding,
oval, somewhat depressed, shining black, frontal stria semicircular, entire
or interrupted ; antenne pitchy-black or brownish; thorax with two
lateral striz on each side which are usually entire; elytra with outer
marginal stria and the next four dorsal striz entire, sutural stria much
abbreviated ; pygidium a little more closely punctured than propygidium ;
epipleure strongly punctured ; anterior tibie with five or six teeth which
are distinctly sharper than those of the preceding species ; posterior tibice
rather short and broad. L. 6-9 mm.
In dung, carcases, flood refuse, &c.; generally distributed and common in the
London district and the south; less common but generally distributed further north ;
Scotland, rare, Solway and Moray districts; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin, and
probably widely distributed.
202 CLAVICORNIA. [ Hister.
H.succicola, Thoms. Allied to the preceding species, but easily
distinguished by the frontal stria which is always entire and biarcuate,
and by the prosternal process not being truncate at apex, as well as by
having the pygidium more thickly and finely punctured, and the epi-
pleure rugosely punctured; the habitat also is usually different. L.
53-7 mm.
In careases, putrid fungi, and at sap of trees; local; Darenth Wood, Sevenoaks,
Mickleham, Esher, Ashtead, Shirley, Dulwich, Birch Wood; Knowle; Cannock
Chase; Bewdley ; Sherwood Forest (in carcase); Repton ; Northumberland district,
not uncommon in fungi; Scotland, common, Lowlands and Highlands, in decaying
vegetable matter, Solway and Tay districts, &c,
H. stercorarius, Hoff. Black, shining, rather elongate and
parallel-sided ; frontal stria entire, semicircular, slightly depressed at
vertex ; thorax short with one lateral stria which is somewhat remote
from margin ; elytra rather finely striated, the lateral stria being very
short, abbreviated behind, and usually also in front, the next three entire ;
the sutural stria much abbreviated in front, sides scarcely dilated ; pygi-
dium thickly and coarsely punctured, but not quite so coarsely as propy-
gidium ; tibia much dilated, anterior pair with three or four broad strong
teeth. L. 5 mm.
In dung, &e.; rare; Liverpool district ; recorded by Stephens as not uncommon in
the vicinity of London, and also from Netley, Norfolk, and Swansea; it does not,
however, appear to have been taken near London for many years, and Stephens’ record
may be in error.
The species may be known from the others that have but one lateral
stria on thorax by its more parallel form, very short marginal stria of
elytra, and the dentation of the anterior tibiz.
H. purpurascens, Herbst. (castanipes, Steph.). Black, shining ;
oval, not very convex ; frontal stria entire ; thorax rather short with one
strong lateral stria ; elytra somewhat dilated in middle, with a large ill-
defined reddish or purplish patch on each; the colour is sometimes
diffused over the whole elytra, and very rarely the elytra are quite black
(V. niger, Er.) ; the marginal and four dorsal striz are entire, and the
sutural stria reaches a little beyond middle; pygidium a little less
strongly and thickly punctured than propygidium ; anterior tibize with
five teeth, of which the apical one is bifid. L. 33-43 mm.
In moss, cut grass, vegetable refuse, bottoms of haystacks, &c. ; rather common and
generally distributed in the London district ; Deal; Whitstable ; Swansea; Knowle ;
Leicestershire ; Wicken Fen; Sherwood Forest ; Cheshire; Lancashire; Northum-
berland district, rare; Scotland, Lowlands, rare, in sandy places, Clyde and Moray
districts; Ireland, near Belfast and Dublin.
H. marginatus, Er. This species is distinguished from the two
following by its smaller size and suborbicular outline, and also by having
the marginal stria of the elytra entire and a rudiment of a fifth dorsal
Hister.] CLAVICORNIA. 203
stria at base ; the anterior tibia are furnished with six very fine teeth, of
which the apical one is bifid. L. 43 mm.
Under dead leaves, in refuse, &c.; apparently very rare, although it may be mixed
with allied species in collections ; taken, I believe, by Mr. Waterhouse, and I have seen
a specimen in Mr. E. Brown’s collection, without locality. Guestling, near Hastings
(Butler) ; Scotland, very rare, Solway district (Sharp) ; it is very rare in France.
H. neglectus, Germ. Oblong, moderately convex ; forehead even,
frontal stria entire ; thorax short with one strong lateral stria situated at
some distance from margin; elytra long with the marginal and first three
dorsal striz entire, the fourth reaching very nearly to base, and the
sutural stria not or scarcely reaching middle; propygidium and pygi-
dium rather closely punctured ; anterior tibize with five or six teeth. L.
6-65 mm.
In moss, carcases, vegetable and flood refuse, at roots of grass in marshy places, &e. ;
not uncommon; Wimbledon; Harwich; Sheerness; Gravesend ;, Whitstable ; Chat-
ham; Deal; Netley; Birmingham district; Oxford; Repton ; Cheshire ; Northumber-
land district, rare ; Scotland, occasionally, Solway, Forth, and Tay districts.
HZ. carbonarius, III. (nigellatus, Germ.). More oval, and on the
average smaller than the preceding, from which it may be easily distin-
guished by its rounder and less oblong shape, and by the more slightly
angled frontal stria ; the thorax also is more strongly narrowed in front,
and the anterior tibiz are furnished with four or five teeth; the thorax
has one marginal stria only, and the marginal and first three dorsal
strie of elytra are entire, the sutural reaching to about middle. L.
5-55 mm.
In careases, dung, haystack refuse, &c.; common and generally distributed from
the Midlands southwards; rarer further north; Scotland, scarce, Solway district ;
Ireland, near Belfast, Dublin, Waterford, ec.
(H. quadrinotatus, Scriba. Oval, rather convex ; black, shining ;
thorax short, strongly narrowed in front, with two lateral striz, both
almost entire; elytra with a rather small humeral spot, and another
oblique patch in middle of disc, red ; these are sometimes confluent ;
lateral stria wanting, first two dorsal striz entire, third nearly entire,
fourth and fifth and sutural strie wanting or very short and obsolete ;
propygidium finely punctured, pygidium almost smooth ; anterior tibic
with three rather obtuse teeth, of which the outer one is bifid. L. 6-8
mm.
Very doubtful as British ; a few specimens exist in our oldest collections ; Stephens
(Illust. iii. 147) records it as “‘ also rare; but found in distant parts of the kingdom.”
Bristol and near London (Dr. Leach).
(H. sinuatus, III. (wncinatus, Il.). Oval, not very convex ; black,
shining ; thorax with the outer lateral stria abbreviated ; elytra with a
longitudinal lunulate spot on each, which is somewhat variable in size,
reaching from the base nearly to apex, and bending inwards towards
204 CLAVICORNIA. | Hister.
suture ; first three dorsal strie entire, the fourth, fifth, and sutural striz
very short, obsolete ; pygidium and propysidium diffusely punctured ;
anterior tibiz with three stout teeth, the apical one bifid. L. 6-8 mm.
In careases, &e. ; very rare, and doubtfully: indigenous ; Stephens records it from
Dartford Heath, Kent, Devonshire (Kingsbridge, &c.), Swansea, Worcester, and Sands-
field, but these localities are probably, in part at least, erroneous, for the species has
not occurred in Britain for many years, and very few specimens are extant in old
collections.
EL. bissexstriatus, F. (cvliginosus, Steph.). Oval, rather depressed,
shining black ; thorax with the external marginal stria very short, often
only visible at the anterior angles, internal stria entire; elytra somewhat
dilated in middle, with the first four dorsal striae ‘entire, fifth very
short, sutural stria reaching to about middle; pygidium rather more
closely punctured than propygidium ; anterior tarsi with four teeth, of
which the apical one is sometimes bifid. L. 4-5 mm.
Tn dung, flood refuse, &c.; as a rule, uncommon, but oceasionally it occurs in pro-
fusion; Blackheath ; Sheerness (J. J. WwW alker, in great mer Southend; Whit-
stable ; Deal; Netley ; Suffolk; the only northern record that I have seen is from
Lancaster.
H. 12Z-striatus, Sch. Oval, not very convex; forehead finely
punctured, frontal furrow entire ; thorax very finely punctured with one
lateral stria ; elytra rather short and broad, with the dorsal striz all
entire, the fifth stria joining the sutural stria at base, lateral stria
absent ; all the striw of elytra are more or less distinetly crenulated ; pro-
pygidium diffusely punctured, pygidium scarcely punctured ; anterior
tibiee with three teeth, the apical one sometimes bifid. L. 4-45 mm.
In dung, haystack and vegetable refuse, &c.; rather common and generally dis”
tributed in the Midlands and the south; not so common further north ; doubtful as
Scottish, the only record being “ Zachills, Rev. W. Little,’ Murray’s Cat. ; Ireland,
near Belfast.
The fact of the dorsal striz being all entire will at once distinguish
this species.
V. 14-striatus, Gyll. This variety, which has by some authors
heen regarded as a separate species, appears only to differ from the type
by having a more or less distinct marginal stria on the elytra.
I have only seen one specimen of this insect, which is in Dr. Power’s
collection, and was taken from a heap of weeds in a garden at Merton,
Surrey ; it is rather larger than average specimens. of the type, and has
the sutural and fifth dorsal strie somewhat interrupted ; it is very likely
mixed with the type in collections.
H. bimaculatus, L. Oval, rather depressed; antenne and legs
ferruginous ; thorax short, finely punctured, foveolate at anterior angles,
with a strong lateral stria; elytra shining black with a bright red
patch on each towards apex, often taking up half the elytra, and forming
Hister.] CLAVICORNIA, 205
a common space, leaving a large black triangle about scutellum, lateral
stria wanting, dorsal striz crenulate, either all entire, or with sutural
stria abbreviated ; propygidium diffusely punctured, pygidium almost
smooth; anterior tibiz with four teeth, of which the hindmost is often
minute, L. 33-4 mm.
In dung, hot-beds, haystack refuse, &e.; rather common and generally distributed
from the Midlands southwards; rarer further north; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Sol-
way, Clyde, and Forth districts ; Ireland, near Dublin.
This species and the preceding may be known from all the others by
the structure of the metasternum and prosternum.
CARCINOPS, Marseul.
This genus contains about thirty or forty species, of which only three
are found in Europe, the remainder occurring in North, Central, and
South America, Africa, &c. ; they may be known by having the anterior
tibie only dilated, and by the fact that four or five of the dorsal striz
are entire ; this latter character will separate our species from G'nathoncus,
which they somewhat resemble in size and general appearance.
I. Size smaller ; frontal stria wanting ; strie of elytra very
HiNCW at) erties So oades 1 ciel asia Gk orp aeastacp mot sip Ce eMINIMA Aube:
IJ. Size larger; frontal stria entire; stric of elytra coarse
HCVCHENUNMALES 5) We ace? Sy of. a Te ey st aes oo Ca ST RINT A Sten,
C. minima, Aubé (corpuscula, Mars.). Oval, round, rather convex,
thickly punctured; shining black or -pitch-black ; antenna and legs
red; frontal stria wanting ; thorax finely bordered, more strongly and
thickly punctured at base ; elytra raised at suture, with four dorsal striz
entire, fine, the others obsolete; elytra scarcely more feebly punctured
than thorax ; anterior tibiz dilated, with three teeth. L. 1-1} mm.
In haystack and flood refuse, moss, &e.; lecal; London district, common and
generally distributed ; Margate ; Kingsgate; Bognor ; Hurstpierpoint; Hastings ; New
Forest ; Hunstanton; Weymouth (at roots of grass in sandy places) ; Chesil Beach ;
Salford Priors (in fungi on ash log); Repton, near Burton-on-Trent. I know of no
locality further north, and it has not occurred in Scotland,
CG. 14-striata, Steph. (pumilio, Er.; Epierus 14-striatus, Steph.).
Very much larger than the preceding, oblong-ovate, somewhat depressed ;
shining pitchy-black or brownish ; antenn and legs ferruginous, club of
former lighter or darker testaceous ; upper surface punctured, the elytra
very finely, the thorax more coarsely especially at sides; thorax with
marginal stria entire; elytra with all the dorsal striz entire, strong, and
crenulate, sutural stria entire, straight; anterior tibic strongly dilated,
with two large teeth which are widely separated. L. 2-25 mm.
In rubbish, carrion, &e.; rare; Battersea Fields (Stephens); Sherwood Forest
(Blatch) ; Scarborough (Lawson) ; Jarrow and South Shields (Bold).
206 OLAVICORNIA. [Paromalus.
PAROMALUS, Erichson.
About forty species are contained in this génus, five of which occur
in Europe, the rest being found in various quarters of the world ; repre-
sentatives occur in North, Central, and South America, Africa, Java,
Borneo, the Philippines, &c.; their habitat is in rotten wood under
bark ; they may be distinguished by their long oblong or parallel form,
and by having the front tibie only dilated; in this latter point they
resemble Carcinops, from which they may at once be known by their
shape, and also by the inconspicuous scutellum and the obsolete strize of
elytra.
I. Form long oval, plainly narrowed in front and
behind ; male without transverse impressed line
at baseof pygidium .. . : . P. FLAVIcoRNIS, Herbst.
Il. Form parallel ; male with impressed trans-
verse line at base of pygidium . . . . . . P.PARALLELOPIPEDUS, Herbst.
P. flavicornis, Herbst. Hlongate-oval, narrowed in front and be-
hind, rather depressed, slightly dilated in middle; shining black, or
pitchy-black, finely punctured ; antenne and legs reddish or ferruginous,
club of former testaceous-yellow, or bright yellow ; thorax finely mar-
gined ; elytra with traces of striz# at base and near shoulders; pygidium
very finely punctured; mesosternum deeply emarginate, bounded by a
sinuate stria, the angles of which are blunt ; anterior tibiz dilated, with
three or four inconspicuous teeth, L. 13-2 mm.
Under bark, in damp decaying wood; local; London district, rather common,
Hyde Park, Chatham, Cobham, Greenwich, Richmond Park, Coombe Wood, Wan-
stead, Sanderstead, &c.; Ulting, Essex (where I have taken it in numbers in com-
pany with Abreus globosus, &c., in an old oak stump); New Forest; Bristol ;
Windsor ; Colchester ; Scarborough; it has not been recorded from the northern
counties or from Scotiand.
P. parallelopipedus, Herbst. Very like the preceding, but dis-
tinguished by its more parallel form, and longer elytra, which have the
striz at base and shoulders less marked ; in both this and the preceding
species the female has the pygidium furnished with two short con-
verging striae, but in this species the pygidium of the male is impressed
with a transverse line at base, which is wanting in P. flavicornis ; the
antennal club as a rule is darker, and the mesosternum is bounded be-
hind by a stria consisting of three arcs, which form sharp angles at their
point of junction. L. 13-27 mm.
Very rare; I have only seen three or four specimens, and the only locality that I
know of is ‘* New Forest (Turner) ” for Dr, Power’s specimen ; Mr. Crotch first in-
troduced the species as British ; the insect appears to be very imperfectly known, and
may be mixed with P. flavicornis in some collections.
HETZERIUS, Erichson.
This genus contains a few species from Hurope and North Africa, and
fHeterius. | CLAVICORNIA. 207
one from North America; they have a peculiar facies, somewhat like
that of a large Acarus, and are found in company with ants,
H. ferrugineus, Ol. (sesquicornis, Preys.; quadratus, Kug.; Mar-
seuli, Schauf.). Suborbicular, smooth and shining, of a lighter or darker
reddish or reddish-testaceous colour; forehead concave ; antenne with
solid, obconical, truncate club ; thorax short, widened behind, with the
sides depressed and furnished with two stria, and with a deep depres-
sion near posterior angles; elytra with projecting shoulders, with the
four first dorsal strize entire, and with four or five rows of long yellow
hairs, which are scarcely visible, if viewed from above ; legs very large,
strongly and angularly dilated in middle, minutely denticulate on their
outer side. L. 2-3 mm.
In the nests of Formica fusca, sanguinea, and flava; very rare; Highgate (Jan-
son); Weybridge (Power) ; Croydon (Douglas and Scott).
DENDROPHILUS, Leach.
The species belonging to this genus are distinguished from Hister by
the formation of the cavities for the reception of the antenne, and from
Carcinops and Paromalus by having all the tibie strongly dilated ; the
prosternum is broad and rounded behind, and is received into a deep
emargination of the mesosternum ; the genus only contains about half-
a-dozen species from Europe and North America ; they occur under
bark, in rotten wood, and in ants’ nests, and occasionally in dead
animals,
I. Upper surface distinctly puactured, shiny . . . . . . D. puncratus, F,
II. Upper surface without distinct punctures, dull. . . . . D. premaxus, L.
D. punctatus, I]. Oval, suborbicular, convex, black, shining, with
ne Whole upper surface distinctly punctured ; antenne and legs ferru-
ginous; thorax very short, narrowly margined ; elytra broader than
thorax, with the two first dorsal striz entire and very marked, the third
and fourth abbreviated behind, the sutural stria absent or scarcely in-
dicated ; anterior tibiz finely denticulate. L. 24-3 mm.
In dead animals, rotten wood, &c., and also in the nests of Formica fuliginosa ;
not common; Greenwich, Coombe Wood, Mickleham, Richmond Park, Cobham,
Hammersmith, Addington, West Wickham; Waltham Cross; Norwich; Northum-
berland district, Hetton Hall, near Belford (Bold) ; Scotland, doubtfully indigenous,
the only record being “Under bark of trees at Cramond,” Murray’s Cat. I feel
somewhat doubtful regarding Mr, Bold’s record.
D. pygmeus, L. ( formicetorum, Aubé). Easily distinguished from
the preceding by its dull appearance and the absence of any distinct
punctuation ; under a high magnifying power the upper surface appears
to be exceedingly finely punctured ; the colour is more pitchy, and the
antenne and legs are of a brighter red colour ; elytra with very fine but
distinct dorsal strie which are bounded by a slightly elevated line, only
208 CLAVICORNIA. | Dendrophilus.
visible if viewed sideways; anterior tibie finely and irregularly denti-
culate. L. 2-3 mm.
In the nests of Formica rufa; local; Esber, Forest Hill, Plumstead, Hampstead,
Coombe Wood, Hainault Forest ; Norfolk ; Suffolk ; Bristol; Bewdley Forest ; Buddon
Wood, Leicester; Hopwas Wood, Tamworth; Scotland, very local, Tay and Dee
districts.
MYRMETES, Marseul.
This genus contains one European species, which for a long time was
associated with Saprinus ; it is, however, quite distinct from that genus
by reason of its narrow tibiee, of which the anterior pair are very finely
and indistinetly spinulose, and by the comparatively dull and impunc-
tate upper surface, and also by the fact that the anterior tibiz are not
provided with grooves for the reception of the tarsi.
IM. piceus, Payk. Round, convex, pitchy-brown or ferruginous,
smooth, comparatively dull; forehead without stria; thorax short, some-
times lighter at sides; elytra with fine striz, abbreviated behind, the
subhumeral stria alone being almost entire ; tibia not dilated. L. 2-23
mm.
In nests of Formica rufa; local; Plumstead; Esher; Parkhurst Forest, Isle of
Wiegbt; Norwich; Bristol ; Buddon Wood ; Bewdley Forest ; Tamworth ; York; Scar-
borough ; Scotland, very local, Dee district.
GNATHONCUS, Duval.
This genus contains about a dozen species from Egypt, North America,
Tasmania, &c. ; three of these are found in Europe, of which two occur
in Britain ; there is, however, considerable confusion as to our species ;
Mr. G. Lewis, who has lately done so much good work on the Histerida,
and to whom I am indebted for other information regarding the
group, writes to me that he has never seen a british example of G.
rotundutus ; all our specimens must therefore be referred to G. nanne-
tensis ; the second species, G. punctulatus, is by some authors considered
merely a variety, but it appears to be distinct ; the genus is very closely
allied to Saprinus, under which, indeed, it has been included by many
writers ; it differs in having the frontal stria wanting, and in the fact
that there is a considerable interval between the last two teeth of the
anterior tibia; the sutural stria is distinct in front and abbreviated
behind, and the epipleurze are furnished with three striz instead of two
as in Saprinus.
J. Size larger; form more strongly convex and rounded ;
dorsal striz of elytra reaching beyond middle, the first
almost reaching apex ; upper surface more strongly and
Wane dh yon Ge 6 o 4 6 0 a 6 6 oo SG RARER AlereD
Il. Size smaller; form less convex and rounded, with
more parallel sides; dorsal strie of elytra ceasing at
middle, with the exception of the first which almost
reaches apex; upper surface more finely and diffusely
punctured.) 09 etgeabel as oe We fey pe ied soy DUNO RUMATUS dh Zomse
Grathoneus. | CLAVICORNIA. 209
G. nannetensis, Mars. (rotundatus, Brit. Cat., nee Kug.). Black,
or pitchy-black, shining ; frontal stria wanting ; thorax entirely covered
with diffuse punctures, which are stronger and closer at sides; elytra
moderately strongly and thickly punctured except towards base, with
an abbreviated marginal stria, and four dorsal striae which reach beyond
middle, the first almost reaching apex in many examples; sutural stria
distinct at base ; anterior tibie not much dilated, with 6-8 teeth. L.
23-35 mm.
In inoss, birds’ nests, haystack, flood, and vegetable refuse, dead birds, &e. ; local ;
Lee; Sheerness; Deal; Norfolk; Margate; Hastings ; New Forest; Glanvilles
Wootton (in stock dove nests inside hollow apple trees in old orchard) ; Swansea ;
Cannock Chase; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire; Manchester ; Northumberland district,
rare; Scotland, rare, Forth and Clyde districts ; Ireland, Portmarnock.
The true G. votundatus, Kug., appears to differ from this species in
its subparallel and depressed form, and some writers consider that
G. nannetensis may be only a variety ; the question, however, does not
appear at present to be settled.
G. punctulatus, Thoms. Closely allied to the preceding, but dis-
tinctly smaller, and less strongly convex and rounded; the antenne, legs,
and hinder part of the elytra are of a lighter colour ; the first dorsal siria
of the elytra almost reaches apex, and the next three cease at middle ;
the sutural stria is almost or entirely wanting ; the punctuation of the
upper surface is more fine and diffuse, and the mesosternum (which in
the preceding species is strongly and rather thickly punctured) is very
finely and diffusely punctured. L. 1$-25 mm.
Found under the same circumstances as the preceding; rare; near London
(Janson); Knowle, near Birmingham (Blatch); Lytham, Lancashire (Chappell) ;
these latter specimens were considered by Mr. Rye to be varieties of G. rotundatus ;
I received a specimen some time ago from Mr, J. J. Walker from Cleethorpes, Lin-
colnshire.
This species and the preceding appear to vary considerably in size
and striation, the character of the presence or absence of the sutural
stria being very doubtfully trustworthy ; perhaps all the three European
species will ultimately be referred to one only.
In the Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine, vol. xxiii., p. 16, Mr. Gor-
ham says that Gnathonei inhabit pigeons’ and other birds’ nests, and
places such as towers where owls breed, and that it would be worth
while, if any one has the opportunity of visiting such, places, to bear in
mind the probability of our having more than cone species of Histeride
co-existing with the birds.
SAPRINGUS, Erichson.
This genus contains about three hundred and sixty or seventy species,
and like Hister is very widely distributed both in the tropies and in
VOL, Ill. P
210 CLAVICORNIA. [Saprinus.
temperate regions; there are about eighty European species, of which
eight only are found in Britain ; they closely resemble Hister in general
appearance, and are chiefly distinguished by the fact that the prosternum
is not lobed in front; in our species of Hister the elytra are impunctate
or almost impunctate behind, whereas all our species of Saprinus are
more or less distinctly punctured from about middle to apex, and in
many cases at the sides also ; the Saprindt are found in dung or earcases,
and like Hister retract their legs and remain motionless at the approach
of danger.
I. Forehead without a raised ridge, separated only by
a deep stria from the clypeus ; prosternum rather
broad and flat.
. Disc of thorax impunctate ; colour black.
1. Size larger; elytra only punctured towards apex
and at margins, punctuation rather diffuse . . S. niTIpULUS, Payk.
2. Size smaller ; elytra closely and rugosely punc-
tured with a smooth space towards base tra-
versed by fourth dorsal stria.
A. Smooth part of elytra outside dorsal stria
extending as far longitudinally as smooth
part inside stria ; punctuation of elytra close
and rugose; sutural stria, asarule, entire . S. mNEUS, F.
B. Smooth part of elytra outside stria small ;
punctuation of elytra very close and rugose ;
sutural stria of elytra, as a rule (but ia no
means always), interrupted. . - S.imMunpes, Gyll.
Dise of thorax punctured; colour metallic green . S. VIRESCENS, Payk,
IL Tunorax separated from clypeus by a slightly raised
ridge.
Is iipiie dull, closely and rugosely punctured, with
a common smooth round space towards base not
_ traversed by fourth dorsal stria. . S. QUADRISTRIATUS, Hoff.
i. Elytra punctured towards apex, with no definite
smooth space towards base.
1. Thorax plainly punctured at sides.
A. Anterior tibie strongly dilated, with four
rather large blunt teeth (a trace of a fifth
being sometimes visible) ; elytra rather finely
punctured, the punctuation reaching scarcely i
tommiddle = js. ss ee eG ae ee Ss. METAL TOUS, eenbeh,
B. Anterior tibie slightly dilated, with six
rather sharp and distinct teeth ; elytra rather
strongly punctured, the punctuation reaching
beyond middle . . . ef ee IS RUGIERONS elayic:
2. Thorax impunctate at sides ; anterior tibic
with three large and three small teeth . . . S. MARITIMUS, Steph.
S. nitidulus, Payk. Black, shining; the largest of our species of
Saprinus, resembling in size and general appearance Hister carbonarius ;
head rather thickly punctured; thorax strongly punctured at sides,
disc almost smooth, base with two or three rows of large punctures in-
terrupted above scutellum, anterior margin with two impressions behind
eyes; elytra punctured at extreme margins and towards apex, punctua-
Saprinus. ] CLAVICORNIA, 211
tion somewhat diffuse ; striz punctured; sutural stria often more or less
obsolete and as a rule not joining fourth dorsal stria; pygidium thickly
punctured ; antenne and legs black, tarsi somewhat reddish, anterior
tibiz with 8-9 teeth. L. 4-5} mm.
In careases, dung, &e.; generally distributed and common throughout England and
Wales, and probably Ireland; it appears, however, to be local in Scotland, Lowlands,
Solway and Forth districts,
S. weneus, F. Black, shining, slightly e#neous; forehead rather
thickly punctured; thorax thickiy punctured at sides, and with two or
three uninterrupted rows of larger punctures at base, disc smooth ; elytra
closely punctured with the sides and shoulders and a common space
towards base smooth ; this space is traversed by the fourth dorsal stria,
and the part outside the stria reaches as far longitudinally as the part
between this and the sutural stria; striz punctured ; sutural stria, as a
rule, joining fourth dorsal stria ; pygidium thickly punctured ; antenne
and legs black, anterior tibia with 8-10 small teeth. L. 3-4 mm.
In carcases, dung, &e.; as a rule considered common and generally distributed
throughout the greater part of England; it is, however, local in Scotland, in the
Solway, Forth, and Moray districts, and is not common in some localities in Eng-
land; at Hunstanton, Norfolk, for instance, where I have found other members of
the genus in numbers, I have never taken a specimen of S. @neus. Ireland, near
Belfast and Dublin.
S.immundus, Gyl]. This species bears a considerable resemblance
to the preceding, but may easily be distinguished by its darker and less
metallic colour, and by the much closer punctuation of the elytra, which
covers the whole of their upper surface except the shoulders and a space
towards base, which is traversed by the fourth dorsal stria; the space,
however, outside the stria is small, and abbreviated in front and behind
by punctuation ; the sutural stria, is said by some authors to be separated,
from the fourth dorsal stria, and this is given sometimes as a character,
but in this respect the species is very variable, and I have specimens in
which the sutural stria on one elytron joins the dorsal stria, and on the
other is separated from it ; legs pitchy, anterior tibie with 7-8 teeth,
which are somewhat larger than in S. eneus. L. 3-4 mm.
In dung ; local and usually considered rare ; Deal; Camber sand-hills, near Hastings,
somewhat common; Wales; Southport ; Lancaster sands; Hunstanton, Norfolk, in
numbers; in this latter locality I have found it by far the commonest of the genus ;
the species appears to occur mainly on sand-hills near the coast.
S. virescens, Payk. Shining, metallic green ; antenne black ;
forehead, thickly punctured; thorax distinctly punctured through-
out, a point that will at once separate it from all our other species,
punctuation more close at sides; elytra rather strongly punctured over
their whole surface except round scutellum, and at shoulders ; dorsal
stries extending a little beyond middle ; pygidium thickly punctured ;
Pp 2
212 CLAVICORNIA. [Saprinus.
legs black or pitchy-black, with tarsi more or less reddish, anterior tibize
with 6-7 rather blunt teeth. L. 3-4 mm.
In dung; occasionally in flowers and on watercress, on which latter plant it has
been found devouring the laryee of Phedon cochlearia, to which beetle it bears a super-
ficial resemblance; rare; Caterham, Forest Hill; Darenth; Maidstone; Deal ;
Folkestone ; Sandwich; Sandown, Isle of Wight; Buckden, Hunts ; Stephens gives
as localities Copenhagen Fields, Battersea, Coombe Wood, Welbeck, sea shore near
Marsden, Norwich, Newmarket Heath (dead hares), and Swansea.
S. quadristriatus, Hoff. Oblong, black, sometimes with a dark
blue or greenish reflection; thorax closely punctured, posterior portion
of dise smooth ; elytra very closely punctured, dull, with the shoulders and
a common round space towards base smooth and shining ; this space is
bounded by the fourth dorsal stria which is fine, and there is no trace of
any smooth space outside the stria as in S. cmmundus ; the other dorsal
striz are obsolete; anterior tibize with 6—7 teeth, of which the anterior
three or four are the strongest. L. 3-3? mm.
In dung, carcases, &c.; rare; Barmouth; Liverpool district (common on the sand-
hills) ; Wallasey; Southport; Blackpool; Lancaster sands; Scotland, rare, Forth
district (Paisley).
S. metallicus, Herbst. The smallest of our species; short oval,
rather convex; of a dark obscure green metallic colour, rarely brown ;
thorax rugosely punctured, with the posterior part of the disc smooth ;
elytra with well-marked crenulate striz, rather finely punctured, the
punctuation scarcely reaching to middle; first dorsal stria of elytra
almost reaching apex; legs brown or reddish, anterior tibie strongly
dilated, with four large blunt teeth, sometimes with a trace of a fifth.
L. 22-32 mm.
In dung, careases, &c.; confined to sandy places near the coast; rare; Deal;
Camber sand-hills, Hastings, not uncommon; Hunstanton, Norfolk.
S. rugifrons, Payk. (metallicus, Steph.). Larger than the preced-
ing, ofa rather light greenish metallic colour or black ; antenne and legs
pitchy-black or brownish; -thorax strongly punctured with posterior
part of disc smooth; elytra rather strongly punctured, the punctuation
reaching beyond middle, anterior tibie moderately dilated, with six
rather sharp teeth which become gradually stronger to apex and are
usually of a lighter colour than the tibiz; in this and in other
species examples occasionally occur in which the teeth are worn
almost flat or partially coalesce, and thus cause confusion ; fifth dorsal
stria of elytra abbreviated, L. 3-4 mm.
In dung, careases, &c.; both inland and on the coast; local; Southend; Dovers-
court; Harwich; Yarmouth; Deal; Lowestoft; Bristol; Swansea; Barmouth;
Hunstanton ; New Forest ; Sherwood Forest; South Shields,
S. maritimus, Steph. (sabulosus, Fairm.). Larger than the
preceding, black, occasionally brownish; forehead smocth; thorax
Suprinus. ] CLAVICORNIA, 213
almost impunetate except for an interrupted row of punctures close to
base ; elytra with very strong punctured stria, strongly punctured
from apex to beyond middle, sides impunctate ; pygidium moderately
strongly punctured ; anterior tibie dilated, with three large and two
or three smaller teeth. L. 35-45 mm.
In dung, &c.; widely distributed on the English coast from the Northumberland
and Durham district on the East, to Liverpool and Manchester on the West;
Stockton-on-Tees ; Spurn Point; Hunstanton, Norfolk ; Yarmouth ; Harwich ;
Southend; Margate; Hastings ; Southsea ; Hayling Island ; Weymouth ; Portiand ;
Plymouth; Penzance; Barmouth; Isle of Man; Liverpool district; it is, how-
ever, somewhat local, and is very rare in Scotland, where it has occurred in the Forth
district only.
In a note in the Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine, vol. xxiii., p. 16,
there is areference made to a specimen of S. precox, which was supposed
to have been taken in Oxfordshire by the Rev. A. Matthews, but
which requires corroboration as the species appears to inhabit Egypt ;
the specimen is superficially very ike Gnathoncus punctulatus, the most
evident distinction being a generic one, viz. that in Gnathoncus
the prosternum in front “has its marginal strize suddenly converging,
thus being lanceolate, while in ‘Saprinus the same lines gradually meet,
so that the ridge of the prosternum is pointed. .
TERETRIUWS, Erichson.
This genus contains about twenty species, which are very widely
distributed, representatives occurring in Egypt, South Africa, Madagascar,
Peru, Guatemala, North America, &c. ; four species are found in Europe,
one of which occurs in Britain ; they are remarkable for their cylindri-
cal form, and have the elytra wholly punctured with very short oblique
strie at sides which are sometimes obsolete ; they are found in wood,
and they appear to be parasitic on certain wood-boring beetles, in the
same way that Col, lydium elongatum is parasitic on Plat) ypus ¢ ylindrus ; :
our single species is very rare.
T. picipes, F. Pitch-black, or dark pitchy-brown, cylindrical,
truncate, entirely covered with distinct, moderately close punctuation ;
head rather large, forehead convex, without stria or impression ; an-
tenn ferruginous, or reddish-testaceous, inserted on the border of the
forehead between the eyes ; thorax rather long, with an entire marginal
stria ; elytra raised at suture, truncate at apex, with a slight impression
on each at base, without apparent striz ; pygidium semicircul: i, much
reflexed ; prosternum emarginate behind, receiving the mesosternum,
which is pointed ; anterior tibiz much dilated at apex, denticulate. L.
3-25 mm.
Under bark; sometimes found on the wing or on walls; very rare; Forest
Hill ; Camberwell, Peckham, Shirley ; Stephens gives Norwich, Swansea, and Bristol
as log ilities; Mr. S. Stevens took a considerable number in 1878- 9 from railings at
Upper Norwood, in company with Tillus unifasciatus and Lyctus brunneus.
214 CLAVICORNIA. [ Plegaderus.
PLEGADERUS, Erichson.
This genus contains nine or ten Kuropean species, and a few from
North and Central America, &.; one only is found in Britain; they
inhabit rotten wood, and are sometimes found in old trees in company
with ants; our single species, and the majority of the others, may
easily be known by the deep transverse furrow which appears to divide
the thorax into two parts.
P. dissectus, Er. Oval, rather depressed, pitch-black, shining,
irregularly and diffusely punctured, the punctuation being plainly finer
on the thorax than on the elytra; head small, antenne and legs reddish ;
thorax rather long, divided into two equal, separately convex portions
by a deep transverse furrow, lateral striz very strong ; elytra dilated at
shoulders, with two well-marked oblique striz, suture raised ; anterior
tibiaa much dilated and spinulose at apex. L. 1-1} mm.
In old decaying trees and logs ; very rare; Hampstead (Waterhouse) ; New Forest
(Blatch) ; Salford Priors (Blateh) ; Sherwood Forest (Matthews, Blatch, and others)
ABRZUS, Leach.
About sixteen or twenty species are comprised in this genus, eight
of which are found in Europe, while the remainder are widely dis-
tributed, representatives occurring in South Africa, India, Ceylon, &c.;
they are distinguished from Acritus, which they much resemble in
general appearance, by having all the tarsi 5-jointed ; they are also, as a
rule, of larger size ; they are found in rotten wood, or in fungi on old
trees and stumps.
J. Anterior tibia angularly dilated in middle, truncate es
ly at apex, and with a small tooth before apex . . . . A. eLososus, Hoff.
II. Anterior tibie dilated and rounded, without tooth before
SPELT a Mat ar ee A ge pie a aie ye Sacre Ua Seige
A. globosus, Hoff. Suborbicular, globose, of a ferruginous brown
colour, shining, antennz and legs pitchy-red, club of former testaceous ;
head and thorax rather finely and closely punctured, elytra somewhat
strongly and sparingly punctured, the latter with a rather distinct
oblique dorsal stria ; anterior tibiz strongly dilated and angled in mid-
dle, with a small tooth before apex ; mesosternum obliquely truncate
on both sides in front, produced in middle. L. 14-13 mm.
In rotten wood of beech, ash, &c.; local but not uncommon; Chatham, Woking,
Abbey Wood, Cobham Park, West Wickham, Mickleham (in nests of Formica fuli-
ginosa), &c.; Ulting, Hssex; Windsor; Salford Priors ; Sherwood Forest ; Repton ;
Scarborough; Manchester; not recorded from the extreme northern counties of
England ; Scotland, very rare, Forth and Dee districts.
A. granulum, Er. Very like the preceding, but distinguished by
the closer and stronger punctuation, and by the fact that the anterior
Abreus. | CLAVICORNIA. 215
tibiz are simply rounded and not angled, and have no small tooth before
apex ; the prosternum and mesosternum are both thickly and strongly
punctured ; the size also is distinctly smaller. L. 1 mm.
In rotten wood, &e.; very rare; Walthamstow, Essex (Janson); Cambridge
(Crotch); Salford Priors, in rotten ash tree (Blatch).
ACRITUWS, Leconte.
This gepus contains upwards of forty or fifty species, of which about
a dozen occur in Europe; the remainder are found in North and South
America, and two or three have been recorded from Asia Minor, Cuba,
&e. ; one or two species have been separated off under the genus Aelefes,
Horn, as having no visible scutellum, this part being distinct in the
genus Acritus proper; the members of the genus have the posterior
tarsi 4-jointed ; our three British species may be distinguished as fol-
lows :—
I. Form rather long, subquadrangular; upper surface
diffusely punctured . . : - « « « « -A PuNctUM, Aube:
: Form oval or suborbicular ; ; punctuation rather close.
. Thorax without a distinct transverse impressed line
before scutellum ; prosternum shorter, truncate behind ;
anterior tibize scarcely visibly dilated at apex. . A. minutus, Herbst.
ii. Thorax with a distinct transverse impressed line before
scutellum; prosternum more elongate, slightly emar- i
ginate behind 3 anterior tibie slightly dilated at apex . A. NIGRICORNIS, Hoff.
A. punctum, Aubé. Rather elongate, subquadrangular, of a dark
brown or brownish-red colour, upper surface rather finely and diffusely
punctured ; antenne and legs lighter or darker red ; thorax rather large,
with sides almost parallel, without impressed line before base; elytra
subparallel with the suture somewhat raised, and a rather well- marked
oblique dorsal stria; anterior tibie finely denticulate and somewhat
dilated towards apex ; prosternum emarginate, double as broad in front
as behind, mesosternum rounded in front. L. #-1; mm,
In vegetable refuse, &c., chiefly on the coast; very local ; first taken on the Chesil
Bank by Mr. Crotch and Dr. Sharp more than twenty years ago, and lately found in
numbers by Mr. J. J. Walker in the same locality by digging small holes as traps
just above high-water mark on warm sunny afternoons ; it has also been taken by Mr.
Crotch at Weston-super-Mare, and by Mr. Walker at Hayling Island.
A. minutus, Herbst. Oval, suborbicular, not very convex, shining
pitch-brown, antenne brown with the elub ferruginous or reddish ;
forehead smooth, thorax thickly and very finely punctured, con-
siderably narrowed in front, with a transverse line of punctures at base,
but without a distinct impressed line before scutellum ; elytra finely
and closely punctured at base, more sparingly behind, almost smooth at
apex, with traces of rudimentary strie at base; prosternum shorter,
truncate behind ; anterior tibiz scarcely visibly dilated. L. 2-1 mm.
216 CLAVICORNIA, [ Acretus.
In manure-heaps, vegetable refuse, &c.; common and generally distributed from
Yorkshire southwards; rarer further north; somewhat donbttul as Scottish ; the
> 2
Abreus nigricornis of Murray’s catalogue, recorded from Raelills, is probably this
fe) 2 ’
species.
&.. nigricornis, Hoff. Smaller than the preceding species, from
which it may be known by its finer punctuation, and the more distinctly
impressed line before scutellum, but more especially by the subquadrate or
pentagonal form of the mesosternum, which has the marginal stria divid-
ing at each anterior angle, and by the more elongate prosternum, which
is shghtly emarginate behind ; the anterior tibize also are slightly dilated
at apex; the club of the antenne is variable in colour, and often scarcely
differs from that of the preceding species, so that the character often
assigned to this species of having dark antenne, from which, in fact, it
takes its name, is quite an untrustworthy one; both species also often
present traces of fine striz on elytra, which some authors affirm to be only
present in A. nigricorns. L, 3 mm.
In manure-heaps, &c.; Crystal Palace on the windows (Waterhouse); Spridling-
ton, Lincolnshire (Wollaston); Repton, in fungi, very scarce (Garneys) ; the species
sppear to be generally confused and mixed in our collections, and it must be admitted
that the various published descriptions are in many cases unsatisfactory and even
contradictory.
ONTHOPHILUS, Leach.
The total number of species that have been described in this genus is
ninteen ; four of these are found in Europe, and the remainder are
recorded from North America, India, Zanzibar, South Africa, &e. ; they
are very remarkable for their peculiar suleate sculpture and dull appear-
ance; the only other known member of the Histeridz that presents the
same sculpture and appearance is Hister costatus from Mexico, which has
been already alluded to. Mr. George Lewis says with regard to this
eenus, ‘f The genus Onthophilus is a very interesting one, as the chitin of
the exoskeleton is exceedingly opaque, and evidently less pure than in
the other genera of the Histeridz ;-and although some of the species,
such as sulcatus, are beautifully engraved above, the substructure is, as
it were, roughly hewn, and the meso- and metasternal plates, as well as
the abdominal segments, are coarsely wrought at the sutures” (Annals
and Mag. of Nat. Hist., Sept. 1885): the upper surface is raised in strong
keels, and the legs are long and slender; the lobe of the prosternum is
present, but is very short, so that the genus can hardly be classed with
cither the Hister or the Saprinus group. Our two British species may
be separated as follows :— .
I. Thorax with five raised keels, the central one double and
interrupted, the spaces between them being coarsely
punctured; size lareerie im ed es es ie & ue b, .O} GLOBULOSMS OL.
(sulcatus, ¥.)
Il. Thorax with six raised keels, the spaces between them
being longitudinally rugose; sizésmaller. . . . . . O.srntatus, F.
Onthophilus. } CLAVICORNIA. 217
©. globulosus, Ol. (sulcatus, F.). Oval, suborbicular; black, slightly
shining ; head small, antennze comparatively long and slender, reddish-
brown, forehead concave ; thorax with a central. keel, which is double
and interrupted, and two others on each side, abbreviated in front, the
interval between them being filled with large coarse punctures ; elytra
very convex, narrowed at apex, with suture raised, and three strong keels
on each, the intervals between these being each filled with five slightly
raised lines, of which the central is the most distinct; legs pitchy-
brown, rather long and slender ; pygidium plainly punctured, L. 3-34
mm.
In dung, decaying vegetable refuse,*&c. ; apparently very rare; I have not heard
of its having been taken in Britain for many years; Stephens records it from Coombe
Wood (Surrey), Nottinghamshire, Norfolk, and Kingsbridge (Devon).
©. striatus, F. Much smaller than the preceding, and easily dis-
tinguished by having six distinct raised keels on thorax, the intervals
between which are longitudinally wrinkled ; the space between the outer-
most keel and the margin is rugosely punctured; each of the elytra is
furnished with three strong raised keels, and three rather smaller ones,
so that there appear to be six on each, and the spaces between are filled
with small raised lines, and are remotely and coarsely punctured in single
rows ; pygidium and propygidium with raised lines, closely punctured.
i. 12-91 mm.
In dung, haystack, and vegetable refuse, birds’ nests, &c.; common and generally
distributed in ‘England and Scotland ; Treland, near Dublin, Waterford, Belfast, &c.,
and probably common.
MICROPEPLIDA.
The position of this family has been much disputed ; it has usually
been placed at the end of the Staphylinide, but seems to present but
little affinity to that family ; Thomson places it between the Byturidz
and the Dermestids, which hardly seems a good position; as a matter
of fact the true affinities of the family are by no means known, but the
position here assigned to it between Onthophilus on the one hand, and
the Nitidulide on the other (to certain members of which latter family
the species bear a considerable resemblance), seems as good a one as can
be assigned to it in the present state of our knowledge; the family in-
cludes two genera, Micropeplus and Kalissus, the former of which has
the thorax, elytra, and abdomen strongly costate, whereas the latter is
smooth and not costate ; in both genera the antenne are apparently 9-
jointed and the tarsi 3-jointed, and the anterior coxze are transverse and
not prominent ; the second ventral segment is dilated in the middle and
separates the hind coxe.
MICROP=E?PLUS, Latreille.
This genus contains rather more than twenty species, which are found
218 CLAVICORNIA., [ Micropeplus.
in Europe, Northern Asia, Japan, and North America, and one has recently
been described from Guatemala; they may at once be distinguished by
their short elytra and by the peculiar ribbed appearance of the whole
upper surface of the body, and also by their short antennee which termi-
nate in what appears to be a single-jointed club; it is, however, obsoletely
3-jointed, and therefore the antennze must be regarded as 11-jointed, and
not, as they are by Kraatz and other authors, as 9-jointed ; the tarsi are
3-jointed ; our species are found in hay stack and vegetable refuse, by
sweeping, &c., and occasionally in mud in marshy places : ; Thomson says
that they live almost exclusively in mud by the side of lakes and streams,
and that he has never taken them in refuse. In the male the seventh
ventral segment of hind body is emarginate at apex.
I. Interstices of elytra strongly and coarsely punc-
tured,
i. Elytra with five longitudinal lines on each
strongly raised (the outer ones somewhat ir-
regular), suture less strongly raised . . M. porcatus, Payk.
ii, Elytra with suture and four lines on each strongly
raised.
1. Vertex of head with one raised longitudinal
IT) 5 6 o : M. STAPHYLINOIDES, Marsh.
2. Vertex of head w vith three qined ‘Jongitudinal
lines, converging infront. . . 3 M. MARGARITH, Duv,
II. Interstices of elytra ‘smooth ; ; elytra with suture
and three enete lines on each strongly
MMGAL G ho oo 5 ¢ + 6 6 - - . . M. TESSERULA, Curt.
IM. porcatus, Payk. Black, dull; head small, strongly rugose, with
a raised line on vertex ; antennz dark with base reddish, sometimes with
club only dark; thorax transverse, with sides angulated, deeply im-
pressed, extremely finely rugose or shagreened, posterior angles sharp ;
elytra much longer than thorax with five raised lines on each (besides
suture), the outer ones irregular, interstices strongly punctured ; first four
visible segments of abdomen divided into deep squares by longitudinal
ribs ; legs lighter or darker red with femora pitchy. L. 2 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse ; local; London district not uncommon, Seven-
oaks, Farnham, Mickleham, Birch Wood, Forest Hill, Reigate, Claygate, &c.; Hast-
ings; Glanvilles Wootton; Devonshire; Swansea; Repton; Nottinghamshire ;
Liverpool; Chat Moss; York; Carlisle ; Northumberland district ; Scotland, Low-
lands, not common, Solway and Forth districts; Ireland, Portmarnock.
IM. staphylinoides, Marsh (oltusus, Newm.). About the length
of M. porcatus, but rather narrower, pitchy-brown, often reddish, with
the head and middle of thorax and hind body darker; the antenne and
legs are clear testaceous ; the vertex of head is furnished with one longi-
tudinal raised line ; the elytra have four lines on each besides the suture
strongly raised; the first three visible segments of the abdomen are
divided into squares by longitudinal ribs, but the central rib is extended
at least to the middle of the fourth; in the male the front of the head
is toothed. L. 2 mm.
Micropeplus. | CLAVICORNIA. 219
In haystack refuse, moss, fungi, &e.; occasionally by evening sweeping; not un-
common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom.
M. margaritz, Duv. (fulvus, Er., var.), Black, brownish-black,
or reddish ; very closely allied to the preceding, with which it was for
many years mixed in collections, until Mr. Gorham in 1861 pointed out
the differences ; its elytra are longer, and it is less parallel-sided ; the
vertex of the head is furnished with three raised lines which converge in
front, and the apical margin of the forehead is very sharply toothed in
male; the central raised ridge of the abdomen is only continued on the
fourth visible segment as an inconspicuous tubercle. L. 2 mm.
Found under the same circumstances as the preceding, and apparently commoner
in England; Scotland, rare, Forth district; not recorded from Ireland, but it is
probably common in tiat country.
IM. tesserula, Curt. Very much smaller than the other species,
and easily distinguished by the smooth and impunctate interstices of the
elytra, which are very finely shagreened ; the antenne are dark with the
base red, and the legs are red ; the elytra have only three raised lines on
each besides the suture ; only the first three visible segments of the ab-
domen are divided by ribs, and the fourth is slightly raised in the centre ;
the ribs, however, are not nearly so strongly marked as in the other
species. L. 1j-1} mm.
In marshy places, on mud, also by sweeping; rare; Fen districts of Cambridge-
shire, &c.; Sherwood Forest (I once took a specimen by evening sweeping ina broad
ride far from any water as far as I could see); Grange, Lancashire; Scotland, Low-
lands, very rare, Clyde district (Paisley, Morris Young).
NITIDULIDA.
This family contains about a hundred genera, some of which comprise
a large number of species; they are widely distributed throughout the
world both in temperate and tropical countries; the position and extent
of the family is difficult to determine ; the genera and species vary very
much in structure and habitat, and probably several sub-families will
eventually be divided off as separate ; there is no doubt that the Niti-
dulide have a connection with the Silphide; on the other hand, how-
ever, through Jps and Rhizophagus, they closely approach the
Trogositide; in fact Erichson classed the latter family with the
Nitidulide, but they are separated offasa distinct family by the different
plan of structure of the maxilla and tarsi. As a whole, perhaps, the
Nitidulide come in best between the Histeridz, to which in many ways
they bear a close relation, and the Trogositide ; and if the aberrant genus
Micropeplus is to be removed from the Staphylinid, as seems necessary,
to the neighbourhood of the Nitidulide, it cannot be better placed than
immediately after the Histeride, as a connecting link between Onthophilus
and the brachypterous genera of the Nitidulide. The chief characters
220 CLAVICORNIA. [ Nitidulide.
of the family and many details regarding different genera will be found
discussed at length in the papers by myself on “ The Nitidulide of Great
Britain ”’ published i in the Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine, vols. xxi.
and xxii.; many of the characters are very variable in the different
genera; the antenne, however, invariably terminate in a club which is
usually 3-jointed, but sometimes apparently solid, the eleventh joint
being wholly or partially enclosed in the tenth (as in LAizophagus); as
a rule the club is strong, round, and compact, but in some genera is
rather loose, or occasionally (as in Cercus) somewhat elongate and feebly
capitate; the anterior coxe are transverse and cylindrical ; the abdomen
has five free ventral segments except in a few genera in which a sixth
small dorsal segment is present in the males; the legs as a rule are
short and stout, and sometimes strongly retractile ; the tarsi are 5-jointed
in both sexes, except in two or three exotic tribes, and in the Rhizo-
phagina, in which they are heteromerous in the male; the fourth jomt is
very small, and the first three are usually broad, and clothed on the
under-side with fine silky hairs.
The family may be divided into the following six tribes:—
I. Antennes 11-jointed, terminated by a 3-jointed club; tarsi
with an equal number of joints, similar in both sexes, ia
the British families always pentamerous.
i. Labrum free, more or less visible.
1. Maxille with two lobes; antenne with an elongate and
feebly Saye club, abdomen with two segments
exposed . . 5 6 6 86 0 bo 6 6 6 [Sp NGlaeremNyN,
2. Maxille with one lobe ; antenne with a strong, round,
compact club
A. ee fitting closely to elytra and not covering their
ase.
a. Abdomen with two segments exposed. . . . . . CARPOPHILINA
b. Abdomen covered, or only apex of pygidium ex-
Posen SALONS te soo co oa Go IRhABANeIBA
B. Thorax covering the base of elytra ees CYCHR AMINA.
. Labrum connate with the front, suture more or less distinct. IpIna.
IL. hates apparently 10-jointed, with the club solid, the
eleventh joint being merged in the tenth ; tarsi dissimilar in
the sexes, heteromerous in the males, 5-jointed in the females. RuaIzoPHAGINA.
BRACHYPTERINA.
The members of this tribe may be distinguished by their elongate
club, bilobed maxille, and very short and feeble antennal greoves, which
are not visible below the eyes, as well as by the feebly capitate club
of the antenne ; it contains a few genera, some of which are further
subdivided by different authors; our two British genera may be dis-
tinguished as follows :—
I. Claws plainly toothed at base; male with a distinct extra
anal segment . 7 Cone DRACHY ETM RUS ica.
IL. Claws not, or hardly, visibly, toothed ; male with an in-
distinct extra analisosment 9. 1a 4. 9) sw 2 |.) (CRRCUS, acr.
Brachypterus. | CLAVICORNIA. 221
BRACHYPTERUS, Kugelann.
This genus, taken in its widest sense as including Heterostomus, Duv.,
Brachyleptus, Mots., and Brachypterus, i. sp., contains about thirty or
forty species, which are widely distributed throughout the world, repre-
sentatives occurring in the Atlantic Islands, South Afriea, North and
Central America, Australia, &e.; seventeen species occur in Europe, of
which three are found in Britain; externally they much resemble
Meligethes, from which they may at once be known by having the last
segments of the abdomen exposed and not covered by the elytra.
I. Size larger; elytra about one-third longer than thorax . B.G@rRavipus, Il.
II. Size smaller; elytra nearly twice as long as thorax,
i. Colour leaden black; legs and antenne pitchy . . . . B. PuBEscENs, Hr.
li. Colour reddish-brown ; legs and antenne rufous . . . B. URvTICmH, Kug.
B. gravidus, Ill. (Cuteretes pulicarius, Gyll.; linarie, Steph. ;
Heterostomus gravidus Duv.). Convex, rather broad, of a dull black
colour, clothed with brownish grey pubescence, upper surface very
closely punctured ; antenne red; thorax almost broader than elytra,
with sides rounded and narrowed in front, base bisinuate, posterior
angles somewhat projecting ; scutellum large, triangular; elytra a third
longer than thorax; legs red, intermediate and posterior pairs often
blackish. L. 22-3 mm.
Local, but not uncommon in many districts; on the common toad-flax, Linaria
vulgaris; London district, rather common; Chatham, Mickleham, Chobham,
Belvedere, Shiere, Reigate; Maidstone; Brandon, Suffolk; Birchington; Dover ;
Deal; Folkestone; Southampton; Winchester; Portland; Burwell Fen; Twyford,
near Repton ; Hunstanton; Wallasey, Cheshire; Northumberland district, Hetton
Hall, near Be'ford ; not recorded from Scotland.
Tn the European catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, B. gravidus,
Ill., and B. linariw, Steph., are given as separate species; we certainly
do not possess more than one species of the sub-genus /Heterostomus as
British, and Erichson and other authors have always considered them
identical.
B. pubescens, Hr. (Cuferetes urlice, var a., Ill. ; glaber, Newm.).
Much smaller than the preceding ; leaden black, with legs and antenne
pitchy ; thorax about as broad as elytra, plainly transverse, truncate in
front and behind, rather thickly punctured, posterior angles bluntly
rounded; scutellum semicircular, punctured; elytra nearly twice as
long as thorax, rather thickly punctured ; legs rather long. L. 2 mm,
Generally distributed and common throughout the midland and southern districts
of England, but less common further north ; Scotland, rare, Solway district; it is
found chiefly on nettles.
B. urtice, Kug. Very like the preceding, but easily distinguished
by its reddish-brown colour, and thinner pubescence, which causes it to
appear more shiny; the legs and antenne are rufous; the elytra are
22 CLAVICORNIA. [ Brachypterus.
bo
rather longer in proportion to the thorax, and the punctuation is rather
stronger. L. 2 mm.
Generally distributed and common on nettles in flower throughout England and
Scotland, and probably Ireland; in the midland and southern districts of England,
however, it appears to be not quite as abundant as B. pubescens.
CERCUS, Latreille.
This genus contains upwards of twenty species, which are found in
Europe, Algeria, Siberia, and North America; three occur in Britain,
the first two of which differ considerably from the third, and have by
some authors been placed under a separate genus, Anomeocera, Shuck. ;
with regard to the small apical dorsal segment, through the supposed
absence of which in both sexes this genus is to a great extent separated
from the preceding, there seems to be a difference of opinion; Erichson
expressly says that the pygidium is simple in both sexes; Thomson
says, “segmento anali maris haud conspicuo ;” and Dr. Horn says of
the Brachypterina generally (including Cereus), “the males have a small
apical dorsal segment ;” as a rule it is very difficult to perceive the extra
seoment, but it appears to be visible in some specimens under a high
power when the beetle is held in a certain position.
I. Antennee long; thorax plainly transverse.
i. Male with the second joint of the antennz strongly
dilated, triangular; elytra reddish-testaceous with the
scutellary region and apex dark . . . . . . . C, PEDICULARIUS, L.
ii. Male with the secend joint of the antennee simple;
elytra black with two large testaceous spots on disc. C. BIPUSTULATUS, Payk.
II. Antenne short; thorax nearly as long as_ broad,
gradually contracted from base toapex . . . . . C. RUFILABRIS, Latr.
C. pedicularius, L. Moderately convex, clothed with very fine
and thin greyish pubescence, reddish-testaceous, with the scutellary
region and apex of elytra dark; in somewhat immature specimens the
elytra are occasionally entirely reddish-testaceous ; antenne long, second
joint in male strongly dilated, triangular; thorax transverse, about as
broad at base as elytra, with sides strongly rounded, deeply and rather
thickly punctured, posterior angles rounded ; elytra about double as long
as thorax, rather strongly punctured; breast blackish ; legs reddish-
testaceous. L. 13-2} mm.
Marshy places; on Spirea ulmaria (meadow-sweet), Carex paniculata, &e.;
local but occasionally abundant where it occurs; London district, not common,
Greenhithe, Aylsham, &c.; Brandon; Maidstone; Hastings; Isle of Wight, common
in a marshy place near Sandown in April on Carex ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Plymouth ;
Barmouth; Repton; Sutton Park and Solihull near Birmingham; Chat Moss ;
Northumberland district ; Scotland, very rare, Tweed and Forth districts; Ireland,
near Dublin.
©. bipustulatus, Payk. Very like the preceding, but not so
strongly and rather more thickly punctured; elytra black, with two
large testaceous svots on disc ; colour, however, very variable, sometimes
Cercus.] CLAVICORNIA, 223
entirely reddish-testaceous; in doubtful cases the species may be
distinguished by the simple second joint of the antenne of the male ;
single female specimens of the two species are sometimes difficult to
determine. L, 13-23 mm.
Marshy places; on Spirea ulmaria, Epilobium, Carex paniculata, &e.; it has
also occurred in Cossus burrows in Sherwood Forest ; local but occasionally abundant
where it occurs ; London district, rather common, Snodland (Kent), Coombe Wood,
Aylsham, &c.; Amberley ; Maidstone ; Wingham, near Sandwich; Glanvilles Wootton;
Devon; Wicken Fen, Cambridge; Solihull, Knowle, Leamington, Repton and other
midland localities; Nocton, near Lincoln; Withington, Cheshire; Manchester;
Scarborough ; Northumberland district ; Scotland, recorded by Murray as ‘‘occasional,”’
but Dr. Sharp says that he does not know of its occurrence.
C. rufilabris, Latr. Smaller than average specimens of either of
the two preceding, more elongate and less convex, clothed with very
thin and fine pubescence; colour very variable, varying from almost
black with mouth parts red, to entirely reddish-testaceous ; head small,
finely and very thickly punctured, antenne short, very much shorter
than in the preceding species ; thorax almost as long as broad at base
where it is almost as broad as elytra, narrowed from base to apex, deeply
and rather thickly punctured, with all the angles bluntly rounded ;
elytra thickly and strongly punctured ; legs and mouth parts always red.
L. 12-2 mm.
Marshy places, on various plants, often on reeds and rushes; common and gene-
r lly distributed in the London district, and the southern and midland districts of
England; rarer further north, and not recorded from Scotland.
Between the Brachypterina and the Carpophilina come several im-
portant genera which are not represented in Europe, and occur almost
solely in the tropics ; among these may be mentioned Colastus, Brachy-
peplus, and Conotelus, each of which contains a larger number of species,
and the curious genera Calonecrus, Cilleus, Ithyphenes, and Ortho-
gramma.
CARPOPHILINA.
The members of this tribe are distinguished from the Brachypterina
by their compact club, unilobed maxillz, and the very evident grooves
for the reception of the antennz ; they are chiefly confined to the single
genus Carpophilus.
CARPOPHILUS, Leach.
This genus comprises about a hundred species, which are widely dis-
tributed throughout the world, but occur chiefly in tropical countries ;
only seven species occur in Enrope, and several of these are probably
introduced ; three have been found in Britain.
The larva of C. hemipterus is described by Perris, Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 45; it
very closely resembles that of Ips quadripunctata, of which he gives a full description
(p. 43), and chiefly differs in being rather more curved, and in having the last
abdominal segment slightly different,
224 CLAVICORNIA. [ Carpophilus.
I. Elytra spotted with yellow.
i, Thorax narrowed in front and widened behind; elytra
scarcely longer than thorax. . . . + 6 + + + + C. HEMIPTERUS, L.
ji. Thorax narrowed in front and behind; elytra twice as
longasthorax. . . . +. + + «© «= « + + » OC, SEXPUSTULATUS, J.
Il. Elytra without spots . . . . . . . - - + + + OC, MuTriLatus, Hr.
C. hemipterus, L. (jlerwosus, Payk.; pictus, Heer). Rather stoutly
built, short and convex, with rather thick pubescence, black or pitchy-
black, somewhat dull, elytra with a yellow spot at shoulder, and another
at apex which sometimes wholly, sometimes partially, covers their
apical half; head small, thickly punctured; thorax nairowed in front,
as broad at base as elytra, thickly punctured, with all the angles rounded;
scutellum rather large, punctured ; elytra scarcely longer than thorax,
thickly, and in the middle almost rugosely, punctured; legs red. IL.
23-3 mm.
In sugar, preserved figs and other dried fruits, grain, and other provisions; a
cosmopolitan species that has been spread by commerce over a great portion of the
world; it has occurred in many of our large towns; Dr. Power, however, informed
me that Turner once brought him four specimens alive, which he had taken with
Engis humeralis in Cossus burrows in Dulwich Wood; Dr. Power had’ himself taken
Silvanus, Trogosita, and other species usually considered as introduced and not
indigenous, under bark in the open country, but believed that all of them had
probably wandered from some other locality.
(Cc. sexpustulatus, F. (abbreviatus, Panz.). Long and flat, narrow,
rather shiny, very sparingly pubescent ; colour reddish-brown ; elytra
parallel-sided, with two plain impressions on each, and three yellowish
spots, one at shoulder, which is often obscure, a more distinct one in
middle, and a third at apex, usually obscure, sometimes almost invisible ;
the thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, and is rounded at the
sides and narrowed in front and behind, so that it appears to be sub-
orbicular; the antennze are reddish-brown with blackish club, and the
legs are red. L. 2-3 mm.
In dried fruits, &c. ; only two or three British examples are known, and these are
undoubtedly importations.
CG. mutilatus, Er. (hemipterus, F., nec L.). Considerably narrower
in proportion than C. hemipterus, L., but broader than C. sexpustulatus ;
thorax quadrate, hardly broader at base than at apex, sides very slightly
rounded ; elytra not much longer than thorax ; head reddish, thorax
and abdomen darker, pitchy-red, or blackish; elytra rufescent, without
spots, apical angles and region round scutellum more or less broadly
darker; legs red. L. 2-23 mm.
Taken in considerable numbers by the late Mr. T. R. Hardy at the bottom of old
wheat-stacks in the neighbourhood of Manchester, and also sparingly, as he informed
me, in Cossus burrows in Sherwood Forest ; in Dr. Power’s collection are two speci-
mens which were found in corn which had probably been imported.
Niiidulina. | CLAVICORNIA. 225
NITIDULINA.
This tribe contains the majority of the European genera and species
which belong to the family, two of the genera, Hpurcea and Meligethes,
being of considerable extent in point of numbers; its members are
distinguished from those of the preceding tribe by having the abdomen
entirely or almost entirely covered by the elytra, and from the Cychra-
mina, to which they bear a close relation, by having the thorax fitting
closely to the base of the elytra and not covering it. With the exception
of Stelidota, Ipidia, and Xenostrongylus, all the European genera are
represented in Britain.
I. Prosternum depressed behind anterior cox, not pro-
duced.
i, Antennal grooves convergent, the convergence varying
in degree.
1. All the tarsi more or less dilated; dise of thorax
without impressions.
A. Labrum bilobed; abdomen of male with an extra
dorsal segment.
a. Thorax widely margined.
a*, Posterior legs approaching one another . . Epurma, Zr.
b*. Posterior legs considerably separated. . . OmosrpnHora, Leitier.
b. Thorax with har dly perceptible margins. . Micruruna,* Reitier.
B. Labrum only feebly emarginate ; abdomen of male
without extra segment. . . Niripuna, Ff.
Mae Tarsi not dilated; dise of thorax with i impr essions . Soronta, Er.
. Antennal grooves parallel, or nearly so,
si First joint of antenne very strongly dilated ; man-
dibles bifid at apex. . . . AMPHOTIS, Zr.
2. First joint of antennze moderately thickened ; man-
dibles not bifid, but with a strong tooth about a third
from apex . Soe aoe Le é Omosita, Er,
. Prosternum produced behind.
. Head without, or with very indistinct, antennal grooves;
tarsi dilated.
1. All the tibiz simple . Pri, Kirby.
2. Front tibize simple ; hinder | pairs ‘of tibies furnished
with spines . . . 6 ogo Ne eo TUE u on air
. Head with distinct antennal grooves.
as Tarsi not dilated; front tibize simple, produced into
a strong point externally at apex . . Pocapius, Lr.
2. Tarsi all dilated; front tibize more or less strongly
and very variably ‘toothed externally. . . . . . Meticeruss, Kirby.
EPUREA, Erichson.
This genus comprises about seventy species, which are widely distri-
buted ; the majority occur in cold and temperate regions, but represen-
tatives have been recorded from Madagascar and South Africa, Ceylon,
Tahiti, Chili, Java, &c.; more than thirty are found in Europe, of which
* Previously Micruria; cf. Wiener, Ent. Zeitung, iii, 209 (August, 188!)
VOL. III. Q
226 CLAVICORNIA. [ Epurea.
sixteen occur in Britain ; many of the species are difficult to determine ;
some of them are very distinct, so much so that they have been held to
form separate genera; two of these, Omosiphora and Mierurula, have
been adopted above, and with almost as much reason a third might be
introduced—Dadopora, Thoms.—to include #. decemguttata and LE.
diffusa ; other species, however, come exceedingly close to one another,
and it is almost impossible to distinguish them except by comparing
them with authentic types; the table, therefore, given below must be
regarded as merely provisional ; all the species are more or less testaceous
or reddish in colour, and the males have a distinet extra abdominal seg-
ment; in size and colour the same species is often very variable, and this
occasions much confusion ; the members of the genus live under bark,
at flowing sap, and in Fomene. and to a Conaid extent they may be
separated “by their habitat ; this point, however, must not be pressed too
far, as the flower-frequenting species (e.g. H. florea) are occasionally
found at sap.
The larva of #. obsoleta is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr. 1862, 184,
t. 5, ff., 525-533, and by Bouché, Naturg. des Insekt, p. 188; it does not call for much
reinark, being linear and somewhat depressed with a roundish head and short 4-jointed
antennee; the last abdominal segment bears two diverging corneous cercl.
I. Tibize widely dilated at apex; intermediate coxz almost
contiguous; hind femora in male either furnished
witha blunt tooth or thickened. (Dadopora, Thoms.)
i, Size larger (33-4 mye spots on elytra usually well
marked . . . Ss pees ee | le [6H DROEMGUNTATA, FT
. Size smaller (23 mm.) ; spots on ue more or less
confluent . . E.pirrusa, Bris.
II. Tibiz at most slightly dilated at apex, intermediate
pair often sinuate in male ; intermediate coxze mode-
rately separate ; all the femora simple in both sexes.
(Epurea, i. sp.)
i. Upper- and under-sides entirely testaceous or rufo-
testaceous, unicolorous; disc of thorax not darker
than the margins. (Occasionally these species have
a dark spot or two towards the apex of the elytra,
but this is usually deceptive, being caused by the
folding of the wings against the semi-transparent
elytra.)
1. Species more or less oval and convex; anterior
margin of thorax strongly emarginate.
A. Antenne with the last joint broader than the
penultimate. . 5 Ki. mstTiva, L.
B. Antenne with the last joint narrower than ‘the
penultimate.
a. Size smaller (3 mm.); punctuation stronger. E. MELINA, Fr.
b. Size larger (4 mm.) ; punctuation less strong EH. stracka, Hr.
2. Species strongly oblong ; anterior margin of thorax
almost straight or only feebly emarginate.
A. Punctuation extremely fine, almost obsolete . E. optoneA, Herbst.
B. Punctuation distinct.
a, Club of antenna dark; form more elongate . E. Lon@ura, Lr,
b. Club of antenne concolorous ; form shorter . EH, FLOREA, Lr,
Lo
“I
Epurea. ] CLAVICORNIA. pis
ii, Upper-side spotted or flecked with black, darker
portions often ill defined ; sometimes the whole
surface is of a dark red unicolorous colour, with dise
of thorax darker than the margins; under-side
more or less dark.
1. Sides of thorax gradually becoming wider for two-
thirds or more of their length from apex, thence
contracted to base.
A. Thorax with a more or less distinct angular
sinuation at point of contraction to base.
a. Last joint of antenna as broad as, or very
slightly narrower than, the two preceding.
a*, Margins of thorax broader ; club of antennze
concolorous ; average sizelarger . . - Bi. DELETA, Er,
b*. Margins of thorax narrower; club of an-
tenne more or less infuscate; average
sizgesmaller . . «+ «= » . - « H.IJMMUNDA, Er,
b. Last joint of antenne distinctly narrower
than the two preceding.
a*, Colour darker; margins of thorax and
elytra broader ; intermediate tibia of male
Sinples curr . ae eee, oc) cha E. PARVULA, Sturm.
b*. Colour lighter; margins of thorax and
elytra narrower; intermediate tibie of
malesinuate. ..- +. .- . - ~ 4H, OBSOLETA, F.
B. Thorax with sides evenly rounded, without a
trace of angular sinuation at point of contrac-
tiotobase. ..-.. - ++ - « + HE. varineata, Herbst.
2. Sides of thorax strongly rounded in front and not
contracted behind. .... - - - +. ~- 4H, NEGLECTA, Sturm.
3. Sides of thorax almost parallel or at most very
slightly contracted in a straight line towards
base.
A. Size larger ; club of antennz concolorous ; thorax
alittle broader at base thanat apex . . . . HE, PUSILIA, Hr.
B. Size smaller ; club of antennx infuscate; thorax
a little narrower at base than at apex . . . EH. ANGUSTULA, Er.
E. decemguttata, F. Rather a large species, which is easily
known by its colour and thick legs ; oblong-ovate, only slightly convex,
not very thickly punctured, thinly pubescent ; head reddish-yellow with
forehead darker, antennz yellow, thorax with light margins, disc more
or less broadly dark ; elytra dark with the margins and five spots on each
testaceous, three on the margin, a long one at base, and one behind the
middle; under-side entirely testaceous ; legs reddish ; the elytral spots
are usually distinct, but occasionally are somewhat confluent. L. 33-4
mm.
Male with the posterior tibie excised at apex, and the posterior femora
armed with a blunt tooth or projection.
Found at sap of oaks, &c., but is usualiy connected witn the burrows of Cossus
ligniperda; rare; Shirley, Coombe Wood, Addington, Birdbrook, Tonbridge ; Hast-
ings; New Forest ; Swansea ; Dunham Park, near Manchester.
E. diffusa, Bris. (fuscicollis, Steph.). Very like the preceding, but
Q 2
€
Lo
28 CLAVICORNIA. [ purea.
much smaller, with the spots on the elytra not nearly so well marked,
and sometimes so confluent that the elytra appear to be almost entirely
testaceous; the elytra are somewhat more acuminate at the extremity
than is the case with the preceding species, but this is not a marked
character ; in the male the posterior tibize and femora are rarely more
than thickened. LL. 22 mm.
At the exuding sap of Cossus-infected trees; rare; Addington and Shirley; Soli-
hull, near Birmingham (Blatch) ; Dunham Park, near Manchester, in company with
the preceding species (J. Chappell); Stretford, near Manchester, flying over a wood-
yard (A. Reston) ; Scotland, very rare, “asingle specimen found in fungus, on an oak
stump at Eccles,” Solway district (Sharp).
Tt is probable that this species is only a small variety of H. decem-
guttata, as intermediate specimens occur which have the tibise and
femora of the male not quite simple, and which vary both as to colour
and size; the var. minor, elytris immaculatis of Waterhouse’s catalogue
must be referred to this species, the example being entirely testaceous
with dark thorax ; the question will be found fully discussed by myself
in Ent. Monthly Mag. xxi. 93, 94.
E. estiva, L. Ovate, lighter or darker reddish-testaceous or ferru-
einous, rather thickly and finely, but distinctly, punctured, with thin
and fine pubescence ; antenn unicolorous reddish-testaceous, with the
last joint of the club large, always broader than the penultimate ; thorax
with distinct, but not broad, margins, sides rounded and somewhat
narrowed towards apex, anterior margin broadly emarginate, posterior
angles right angles; elytra moderately convex ; legs reddish-testaceous,
with all the tibia simple in both sexes. L. 2-3 mm.
In flowers, especially in hawthorn blossom in spring ; very common and generally
distributed throughout the kingdom. Mr. J. Chappell informs me that he has found
the larve plentifully in a nest of Bombus lucorum, which he put into a tin, and
from them reared a large number of the perfect insect in the following spring.
There is often a dark roundish spot on each elytron in this species ; this
is, however, mostly deceptive, and is caused by the folding of the wings,
us above mentioned, underneath the elytra; the specimens in which the
spot is marked appear to be the v. bisignata, Sturm.
E.melina, Er. Very closely allied to the preceding, but easily dis-
cuished by its much stronger and less close punctuation, and the black
or dark club of the antenne, the last joint of which is narrower than
the penultimate, and not broader, as in /. estiva ; in many specimens
the last joint only of the antennee is fuscous ; the species is on an ave-
rage larger than the preceding and of a darker colour. Erichson says of
E. melina that the “legs in both sexes are simple.” Thomson says that
the “male has the intermediate tibize sinuate.” I have examined a number
of specimens, and Dr. Power kindly examined his series for me, and all
these have the intermediate tibize simple ; this is only one out of several
2
points on which authorities are found at variance in this genus. L. 3
iin.
Epurea. | CLAVICORNIA, 22:9
By beating sallows, hawthorn blossom, &e., and by sweeping herbage; not un-
common in some localities, but much rarer than the preceding species. London dis-
trict, generally distributed, Chatham, Darenth Wood, Wimbledon, Caterham, Mickle-
ham, Claygate, Shirley, Dulwich; Amberley; Holm Bush, Brighton ; Hastings ;
Tewkesbury ; Bewdley ; Yardley and Knowle, near Birmingham ; Bretby, near Repton ;
Barmouth ; Northumberland district, very rare ; Scotland, rare, Solway district ;
Ireland, near Waterford.
E. silacea, Er. Larger and less convex than either of the two pre-
ceding species, with much wider and stronger margins to the thorax ; of
a bright reddish-testaceous or luteous colour, unicolorous ; sides of thorax
narrowed in front, contracted and almost sinuate before posterior angles ;
punctuation not so strong as in E. melina, but stronger than in F.
estiva ; antenne with the last joint very slightly narrower than the
penultimate ; apex of elytra truncate ; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 2
mm.
Male with the intermediate tibie sinuate.
Very rare; Mr. Champion has taken it at Aviemore, Tay district, at sap of birch
(Thomson considers it as exclusively attached to flowers) ; it has also occurred at
Braemar, and in a rotten birch stump at the foot of Cross Craig, near Camachgouran,
Rannoch ; it is recorded in McNab’s Dublin list as from near Dublin, but this is pro-
bably in error, as very large specimens of H. wstiva have sometimes been mistaken
for this species.
E. oblonga, Herbst. Oblong, depressed, testaceous, extremely
finely punctured, clothed with fine yellowish-grey pubescence ; antenné
of the same colour as the rest of the body with club darker, last jomt
distinctly narrower than the penultimate ; thorax with the anterior
margin almost straight, side margins very distinct especially in front,
sides scarcely narrowed towards apex, posterior angles very marked ;
elytra more than double as long as thorax, truncate at apex ; legs testa-
ceous. L. 23-3 mm.
Male with the intermediate tibie slightly sinuate.
Under bark and at sap of fir and pine, and apparently confined to these trees ; rare ;
Shirley, Surrey (Rye), Sutton, Stourport and Bewdley (Blatch); Dunham Park,
Manchester (Chappell) ; Northumberland district, Yetholm (Crotch) ; Scotland, very
rare, under bark of Scotch fir, Tweed and Dee districts (Sharp aud Champion) ;
Ireland, near Dublin.
Ei. longula, Er. Very like the preceding, but distinguished by its
stronger punctuation and the:darker, almost black, club of its antenne ;
from E. florea it may be known by having the anterior margin of the
thorax distinctly, although slightly, emarginate, by its longer and
narrower form, by the side border of the thorax being broader, and by
the dark club of the antenne; in the male the anterior tibiz are slightly
sinuate. L. 27-3 mm.
On umbelliferous flowers; occasionally at sap; rare ; Esher, Mickleham, Tilgate
Forest; Addington, in Cossus burrows; Nettlecomb, Somerset ; Tewkesbury ;
Sherwood Forest ; Northumberland district, Gosforth ; not recorded from Scotland.
230 CLAVICORNIA. [ Epurcea.
E. florea, Er. More ovate and shorter in form than the two pre-
ceding, and, as a rule, of a darker reddish colour ; at first sight it much
resembles small specimens of £. wstiva, from which it may at once be
known by the straight or almost straight anterior margin of the thorax ;
the antennz are reddish-testaceous, unicolorous, with the last joint of the
club scarcely narrower than the two preceding; the thorax has the sides
narrowly bordered, and the posterior angles somewhat projecting in a
slight tooth ; the elytra are truncate at apex. L. 2-23 mm.
Male with the intermediate tibiz sinuate.
Under bark, at sap, in flowers, &c. ; often by sweeping ; local, but common in some
districts. London district, common; generally distributed also in the southern and
midland counties, but rarer further north; Chat Moss, on Umbelliferze ; Liverpool ;
Northumberland district, rare. Scotland, not common, chiefly on flowers of the
mountain ash, Solway, Dee, and Moray districts; Ireland, near Waterford.
E. deleta, Er. Testaceous or luteous, with the suture and apex of
elytra usually dark, the dark colour at apex often enclosing two spots ;
the colour, however, and also the size is very variable, and unicolorous
specimens occasionally occur; these may be known by the shape of the
thorax, which has the sides almost obliquely cut off from apex to within
a third of base, and from thence contracted with a strong sinuation ;
antennz unicolorous with the last joint only very slightly narrower than
penultimate ; thorax plainly emarginate at apex, with sides broadly
margined, rather finely and thickly punctured; elytra with broad
margins ; breast usually darker, sometimes blackish ; legs pale testaceous.
L. 14-3 mm.
Intermediate tibie simple in both sexes.
In fungi, at sap of felled trees, under bark, &c.; occasionally by sweeping ; common
and generally distributed throughout the greater part of England; Scotland, local,
Forth and probably other districts; Ireland, near Waterford, and probably widely
distributed.
&. immunda, Er. (terminalis, Mann.). Oval, depressed, reddish-
testaceous or luteous, with the club of the antenne dark and the sides
of the elytra more or less infuscate; the antenne have the last three
joints of equal breadth ; the thorax is emarginate at apex, narrowly
margined, thickly and finely punctured, sometimes dusky on disc ; the
elytra are rather depressed, shghtly rounded at apex, strongly margined,
with thick and fine punctuation, which is rather stronger at base ; breast
and abdomen brownish, apex of latter yellowish ; legs yellow or reddish.
L. 3 mm.
Male with the intermediate tibice sinuate.
At sap of birch; very rare; Scarborough (Wilkinson and Lawson); Scotland,
Tay and Moray districts, Aviemore and Invercannich (Champion).
This species is very little known, and others are perpetually made to
do duty for it in collections; it is perhaps best distinguished super-
ficially by the colour; in the specimens I have seen the apex of the
elytra and the sides, for the greater part of their length, are suffused
Epurea. | CLAVICORNIA, 231
with dark colour, and the space of the elytra enclosed within is testaceous,
but this does not appear to be always the case ; the thorax is contracted
with a sinuation towards base, and is as broad as the elytra without the
margins, which cause it to appear narrower than the elytra. From
£. deleta, which it approaches in some points, it may be distinguished
by its colour and the darker club of its antenne; from E. obsoleta,
with which it is most often confounded, it may be separated by its
broader form, and by having the last joint of the antenna about as
broad as the penultimate, whereas in Z. obsoleta it is distinctly narrower ;
the thorax also is slightly more contracted at base than in the latter
species.
E. parvula, Sturm (rufomarginata, Steph.). A very dark species,
often almost black with the margins of thorax and elytra only ferru-
ginous; antenne ferruginous with club brownish, last joint much
narrower than the two penultimate; sides of thorax almost as in
E. deleta, except that they are slightly waved and uneven, which is a
pecuhar characteristic of this species ; before the base of thorax there
is a strong sinuation ; in some respects it comes close to #. obsoleta, but
may easily be distinguished from that species by its more flat shining
appearance and dark colour, and by the more pronounced margins of
the thorax and elytra, as well as by the shape of the thorax, and the
fact that the intermediate tibiz of the male are simple and not sinuate,
L. 25-3 mm.
In faggots ; also occasionally under bark of Scotch fir; very local ; Darenth Wood,
faggot stacks (Champion) ; Wiltshire; Hereford; Sherwood Forest ; I have taken it
commonly by beating faggots in Langworth Wood, near Lincoln, where I have also
found a small variety in faggots of a species of Tilia (called “bass” by the country
people) ; Scarborough ; Stretford near Manchester, flying over old wood-yard (Reston) ;
Northumberland district ; Scotland, rare, Aviemore,
E. obsoleta, F. This is one of the most difficult species of the
genus to determine; variable both in size, colour, and to a certain
extent in structure of thorax, and in consequence often confounded with
other species; the elytra are, as a rule, obscurely marked with dark
patches, but occasionally the whole insect is of a reddish colour, and
may in that case be easily confounded with other species, such as E. florea ;
from the latter insect small unicolorous examples of EH. obsvleta may be
distinguished by the plain emargination of the anterior margin of the
thorax, and by the club of the antennz which is dark and has the last
joint much narrower than the two preceding; from FZ. pusilla, which
it in some cases rather closely resembles, the species may be known by
the emargination of the anterior margin of thorax being much less pro-
nounced, by its truncate elytra, more rounded sides and narrower margins
of thorax, and by the dark club of its antennz ; from other allied species,
such as #. parvula, it may be separated by the sinuate intermediate tibic
of the male. LL. 13-3 mm.
232 CLAVICORNIA. | pureed.
At sap, under bark, in fungi, &e.; generally distributed and common throughout
the greater part of England and Scotland, and probably Ireland.
E. variegata, Herbst. A very distinct species of a dark rust-red
colour, with transverse evenly rounded thorax, which is strongly con-
tracted at base, the base being much narrower than the base of elytra ;
the sides show no trace of sinuation, and the anterior margin is rather
strongly emarginate ; the antennz are ferruginous with the club con-
colorous, and the three last joints are of equal breadth ; each elytron has
a strong blackish spot in the centre, and a smaller and more obscure one
at apex; the punctuation of the upper surface is distinct, and rather
strong; legs red. L. 22-3 mm.
Intermediate tibize simple in both sexes.
At the exuding sap of oaks, in fungi, &c.; very rare; Surrey; Scarborough ;
Scotland, Highlands, Tay district (Aviemore).
gi. meglecta, Sturm. One of the most distinct species of the
genus; like #. parvula in colour, dark, with the head, margins of thorax
and elytra, antennz and legs ferruginous ; punctuation of upper surface
strong, almost rugose ; antenne concolorous with the middle joint of
the club somewhat broader than either of the other two ; the species may
easily be known by its very narrow thorax, which is twice as broad as
long, rounded in front and not contracted at base, which is fully as broad
as the base of elytra; the elytraare narrowed towards apex. L. 23 mm,
Intermediate tibize simple in both sexes,
At sap of freshly cut trees, also by beating faggot stacks in woods; very rare;
Darenth Wood (Champion); West Wickham, Kent (Janson); The Holt, Farnham
(Power); in Mr. Rye’s collection there is an example taken many years ago, and
obtained by him from Mr, G. R. Waterhouse.
E. pusilla, Er. A long and rather narrow species, oblong, with
sides subparallel; ferruginous, with the disc of thorax generally
darker, and with more or less cloudy dark markings usually present
on elytra; pale examples, however, are very common; punctuation
thick, moderately distinct; antennze unicolorous, with the last joint
narrower than the penultimate ; thorax about a third shorter than
broad, with the anterior margin very strongly emarginate, and the
anterior angles in consequence very prominent, sides almost parallel ;
elytra rather long, with the apex rounded. L. 3 mm.
Male with all the tibiz slightly curved, and the intermediate pair
strongly sinuate and widened at apex.
Under bark and at sap of various trees, especially firs; common and generally dis-
tributed throughout the kingdom.
&. angustula, Er. An elongate, linear, and parallel species, which
may casily be known by its narrow, oblong form, long almost
parallel-sided, subquadrate thorax, and dark rufous, sometimes almost
black colour. I have only seen one entirely testaceous example, and
this was evidently immature; the species is most closely allied to
”
Epurea. | CLAVICORNIA. 233
E. pusilla, from small examples of which it may be distinguished by
having the club of the antenna, or at least the second and third
joints of the club blackish, and also by the fact that the thorax is a
little wider in front than behind, the sides shghtly converging to base
in almost straight lhnes; in £. pusilla, as in almost all the other
species of Hpurcwa, the posterior margin is wider than the anterior,
L, 2-25 mm.
Under bark of beech, fir, holly, &e.; very rare; occasionally by sweeping; Shiere,
near Dorking (Capron) ; Scarborough (Wilkinson and Lawson); Sutton Park, near
Birmingham (Blateh) ; Chat Moss (Reston) ; Dunham Park, Manchester (Chappell) ;
Eastham, near Liverpool (illis) ; Scotland, very rare, Highlands, Tay district, in the
burrows of Xyloterus lineatus in Scotch fir.
OMOSIPHORA, Reitter.
This genus contains three European species, which are distinguished
from Epurea by their long legs, the posterior of which are rather
widely separated, and by their different contour ; one of these only is
found in Britain, and until quite recently has been classed in our
catalogues under Hpurea.
©. limbata, F. Rather short and broad, ovate, disc of thorax and
elytra convex, margins broad; upper surface thickly punctured ; head
dark with the mouth parts ferruginous, antenne ferruginous with club
usually darker, last jomt narrower than the preceding ; thorax about
twice as broad as long, contracted at base, dilated in middle, anterior
margin broadly emarginate, dark with the broad explanate margins
red; elytra broadest in middle, coloured as thorax, or more usually
with base or basal half as well as margins red; legs long, reddish-
testaceous, tibize simple in both sexes, L, 23 mm.
In fungi, &e.; not uncommon‘and sometimes plentiful, but local ; London district,
not uncommon, Chatham, Dartford, Sheerness, Walton-on-Thames, Shiere, Horsell,
Dulwich, Burnham Beeches, &c.; Glanvilles Wootton ; Devon; Stourport; Hun-
stanton; Repton, Burton-on-Trent (in old cabbage stump); Nocton, near Lincoln ;
Northumberland district, very local; Scotland, very rare, Solway district, found in
flood refuse at Kelton, below Dumfries, by Mr. Lennon, According to Hrichson
this species is taken at sap, and also under fallen leaves in sunny places in early
spring.
MICRURULA, Reitter.
This genus was formed for the reception of Kpurea melanocephala,
Marsh ; the thorax has no separate side border, which gives the species
the appearance of a Meligethes rather than an Epurea, and besides this,
its entirely different contour and certain differences in the mouth organs,
especially the mandibles, seem to justify its separation as a distinct
genus.
IM. melanocephala, Marsh. Ovate, rather short and broad,
234 CLAVICORNIA. [ Micrurula.
convex, thickly punctured, clothed with not very fine and rather thick
pubescence ; colour variable, but usually testaceous, with the thorax dark
and the antenne and legs reddish ; antennee unicolorous with the three
joints of the club of equal breadth ; thorax rather long, gradually con-
tracted from base to apex, much narrower in front than behind, base as
wide as base of elytra; elytra rather convex, narrowly margined ; legs
rather short and stout, the same in both sexes, intermediate tibies with a
row of very fine spines on their outer side. Te 2 mm.
By beating and sweeping flowers and trees in blossom in early summer; local ;
London district, rather common, Caterham, Mickleham, Shirley, Sevenoaks, St.
Mary Cray, Shiere, Birch Wood, Purley Down, Loughton, &e.; Amberley ; Dover ;
Glanvilles Wootton ; Salford Priors, near Evesham ; “Gumley, Leicestershire ; Fore-
mark near Repton, Burton-on-Trent (wild cherry blossom) ; not recorded from any
of the nortbern counties of England, but probably occurs rarely ; Scotland, very rare,
Forth and Moray districts.
The colour of this species is very variable ; some specimens are en-
tirely testaceous; this rather common variety is the Nétédula affinis of
Stephens ; a much rarer variety, the VV. brwnnea of Heer, is entirely black
or fuscous, with the mouth parts, antenne, and legs testaceous ; of this
variety I have only seen two British examples, which are in Mr.
Wilkinson’s collection, now in the possession of Mr, Mason.
NITIDULA, Fabricius.
About thirty species are at present comprised in this genus, which are
very widely distributed, as representatives occur in Europe, Siberia, and
North America, and also in North and South Africa, Ceylon, Peru, and
Brazil, and in the Australian region In New Zealand and New Cale-
donia ; there are five European species, of which four are found in
Britain ; these may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Thorax entirely black.
i. Elytra with yellow or reddish spots; thorax with
anterior margin straight.
1. Size larger; elytra black, with one well-defined
reddish-yellow spot oneach . . . . N. BIPUSTULATA, L.
2. Size smaller; elytra dark, with four sever tet
reddish spots on each, which are often confluent
malign 5 5 94 5 4 5 6 6 0 o 6 IN @lMomekmi WS Joe
i. Elytra without spots; thorax with anterior mar-
gin distinctly emarginate . . . 6» g 0 9 We iwi, JO,
Il. Thorax with margius broadly yellow eles ye NER DEXUOSA, 2.
N. bipustulata, L. Moderately convex, of a dull black colour,
each elytron with one well-defined large reddish-yellow spot on each,
placed a little behind the middle ; head very thickly punctured, antenne
entirely black or dark red with black club; thorax as broad behind as
elytra, with anterior margin straight or almost straight, rather more
narrowed in front in the female than in the male; the punctuation also
Nitidula. ] CLAVICORNIA, 235
is finer in the latter sex than in the former; elytra very finely and some-
what rugosely punctured ; legs red ; occasionally the margins of the thorax
and elytra are reddish-brown, and sometimes the whole body-colour is
brownish. L. 3-45 mm.
Under dead birds and animals, old bones, &e.; common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom,
N. quadripustulata, F. (carnaria, Schall.). This species at first
sight resembles in size and colouring some species of Epurcwa; the head
and thorax are dull black, and the elytra dull black or brownish with
four irregular ight spots, which are often confluent and form bands ; the
antennze are reddish with dark club ; thorax as broad as elytra, scarcely
narrowed in front, finely but distinctly punctured, with anterior margin
straight ; legs red or ferruginous. L. 2-24 mm.
In careases of birds and animals, under bones, Sens not common; Darenth, Black-
heath, Shirley, Weybridge, Wimbledon, Sheerness, Chatham, Whitstable; Coombe
Wood; Hastings; Devon; Hunstanton, Norfolk.
N. rufipes, L. (obscura, F.). Entirely dull black, with very fine,
almost invisible punctuation ; antennz red with black club; thorax a
little more narrowed in front in the female than in the male, about as
broad as elytra, with anterior margin emarginate ; elytra very finely
punctured, but a little less closely than thorax; legs red. L. 2}-44
mm.
Found under the same circumstances as the two preceding species; rare; Darenth
Wood (found in some numbers by Dr. Power); Esher, Sheerness, Chatham, Graves-
end, Ashtead; Stephens gives as localities, Norfolk, Suffolk, Devonshire, Netley,
Glanvilles Wootton, and Swansea.
There seems to be no good reason why the preference should be given
to Fabricius’ name for this species, as is now generally the case, as the
insects in the Linneean collection standing under Silpha rufipes are our
Nitidula rufipes ; it is certainly true that the description given by
Linneus does not accord with them, yet neither does it agree with
Meligethes rufipes, which his insect is generally supposed to have been.
(N. flexuosa, /’. ( flavomaculata, Rossi). Head black, thorax black
with margins broadly yellow, elytra black with two vey variable spots
on each, one at base, and one in middle close to suture; the four spots
are often confluent, and enclose a dark space round senate ; the
upper surface is very finely punctured, and is a little more shining than
in the other species ; antenne rather long, yellowish with dark club ;
thorax scarcely narrowed in front in male, distinctly narrowed in female,
with anterior margin somewhat emarginate ; legs yellow or reddish-yellow.
L. 3-43 mm.
Very rare, and doubtfully indigenous ; Scarborough (Lawson); sands at South
Shields (Bold) ; in all probability imported with hides or bones; Mr. Bold himself
regarded his specimens as probable introduetions.
236 CLAVICORNIA. [ Nitidula.
The species of Nitidula vary very much in size, as may be seen from
the lengths above given.
SORONTIA, Erichson.
This genus at present contains only about half-a-dozen species, three
of which occur in Europe, and the others have been described from
North America, South Africa, and the Australian region; the genus,
therefore, is widely distributed, and will probably prove to be much
more extensive than is at present known.
The species of Soronia and Omosita are readily distinguished from
all our other Nitidulide by having the dise of the thorax distinctly im-
pressed or wrinkled ; slight traces of impressions are visible in many
specimens of Epurwa parvula, Amphotis, &c., but these are apparently
abnormal, and very different from the impressions on the thorax in the
two first-named genera; the two British species of Soronia resemble each
other so closely and vary so much in size that it is sometimes hard to
distinguish them.
The larva of S. grisea is described by Perris (Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 26), and
is described and figured by Westwood, who quotes from Curtis (Classification I, 141,
fig. 11) ; it is somewhat depressed, of a dirty white colour, with six scaly legs; the
extremity of the body is furnished witb four small horny conical appendages curved
upwards; each segment is also beset with several short stiff hairs, and the lateral
margins of the abdominal segments are furnished with a small fleshy and somewhat
conical protuberance ; on the under-side of the extremity of the body is an appendage
which is used as a proleg.
I. Form broader and more convex ; punctuation closer ;
average size larger . . . + . - © «+ « « » S&S. PUNCTATISSIMA, III.
II. Form narrower and less convex; punctuation less
close; average sizesmaller . . .. =... ,;, . . S. GRISEA, Z.
S. punctatissima, I1]. Somewhat convex, ferruginous or reddish-
brown with the thorax and elytra variegated with black or dark brown
and yellowish or reddish spots; margins of thorax and elytra broad ;
punctuation of upper surface ‘close ; elytra with four or five raised lines
on each which are sometimes more or less obsolete; under-side reddish or
reddish-brown, legs reddish. LL. 34-55 mm.
At exuding sap; usually found in or near burrows of Cossus ligniperda ; very
local; Shirley and Esher in birch (Power); Darenth, Chatham, Coombe Wood,
Addington, Norwood, Belvedere, Shiere; Hastings; Isle of Wight; Dean Forest ;
Repton ; Scarborough ; Liverpool district ; Dunham Park, Manchester, in oaks and
ulders (Chappell) ; Stretford, in old cherry trees (Reston) ; Northumberland district ;
Scotland, local, Tweed, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts.
S. grisea, L. Smaller on the average than the preceding species,
and also narrower and less convex, and more sparingly and less closely
punctured ; in the preceding species the black markings on the elytra a
little behind the middle are interrupted by a wavy yellowish band ; this
yellowish band or fascia is succeeded by a dark band, which is inter-
Soronia. ] CLAVICORNIA, 237
rupted at the suture, a space near the suture remaining testaceous; in
S. grisea these markings are just the same, but the hinder dark band is
not interrupted, and, as a rule, covers the whole sutural space ; in the
latter species the anterior tibiz are quite simple in both sexes; in 8.
punctatissima they are slightly curved in the male. L. 3-43 mm.
Widely distributed and rather common throughout the London, Southern, and
Midland districts ; rarer further north; not so often associated with Cossus as the
preceding ; Notting Hill, in willows not infested by Cossus (Power); Stretford,
Manchester, under bark of old apple trees (Reston) ; common in and near Cossus
burrows in the above-mentioned districts ; I have beaten it from hawthorn blossom
near the banks of the Trent at Repton, and in Bretby Wood near the same place ;
Scotland, scarce, Solway, Forth, and Moray districts; Ireland, near Dublin, and
probably widely distributed.
AMPHOTIS, Hrichson.
About half-a-dozen species are comprised in this genus, three of
which occur in Europe, and the others are found respectively in Syria,
North America, and Cayenne ; the genus may be at once distinguished,
apart from differences in the mouth organs, by the very broad and
smooth margins of the thorax and elytra, and the very greatly enlarged
first joint of the antenne, which, when viewed from above, gives the
forehead the appearance of being strongly lobed ; the second joint is
inserted beneath the lobe formed by the first, which slightly overlaps
it, and not at the end of the first joint, as is the case with Omosita and
other genera, which have the first joint thickened.
A. marginata, Er. Convex, with very broad and distinct margins
to thorax and elytra; head and thorax ferruginous; elytra dark, with
some lighter markings, and with five distinct raised longitudinal lines
on each; margins of thorax and elytra of a uniform red colour; punc-
tuation of thorax fine and close, of elytra stronger and more diffuse ;
legs rather stout, red. L. 4-5 mm.
In chinks and crevices of beech and other trees near the runs of Formica fuli-
ginosa; rare; Birch Wood, Chobham, Reigate, Coombe Wood, Tilgate Forest,
Roane Horsell, Maidstone ; apparently not found except in or near the London
aistrict.
OMOSITA, Erichson.
This genus contains about half-a-dozen species from Europe, North
America, and Abyssinia ; all the three European species occur in Britain,
and may be distinguished as follows :—
I, Length 43} mm.; thorax ferruginous; elytra strongly mar-
ined a ge eee oe erica ue Bet an nd ' -« op Os DERRESSAy Ue
Il. Length 2-3 mm.; thorax dark, with margins somewhat
lighter; elytra very slightly margined.
i. Thorax strongly rounded and contracted in front ; elytra
dark with scattered reddish-yellow markings . . . . «. O.COLON, L.
238 CLAVICORNIA. [ Omosita,
ii. Thorax slightly contracted in front ; elytra with a common
luteous spot reaching from base to beyond middle. . . . O.DiIscorpEA, FP.
O. depressa, L. Entirely of a rust-red colour, except the head,
scutellum, centre of thorax, and a few scattered spots on elytra, which
are darker; head thickly and somewhat rugosely punctured, antenne
with the first joint thickened, club compact ; thorax thickly and finely
punctured, with two impressions on disc behind middle, and a strong
longitudinal furrow on each side, posterior margin very distinctly
bisinuate ; elytra very finely, almost invisibly punctured, with strong
margins; legs ferruginous. L. 43 mm.
In dry careases, also under bones, and at sap; rare in the south, rather common
in the north; Ashtead, Surrey; Hastings; |Netley; Glanvilles Wootton; Llan-
gollen; North Derbyshire; Sherwood Forest; Lancaster sands; Northumberland
district ; Scotland, locally common, Lowlands and Highlands, Solway, Forth, Tay,
Dee, Moray, and probably other districts; Ireland, Kilruddery near Dublin, near
Belfast, &e.
©. colon, L. This and the next species are at once distinguished
from the preceding by their much smaller size, different colouring, less
close punctuation, more oblong form, and much narrower margins of
elytra ; in fact O. depressa might for several reasons be made a separate
genus. O. colon may be separated from QO. discoidea by its colour,
which is dark, with the margins of the thorax somewhat lighter ; the
elytra have each a rather small but distinct spot behind middle, reach-
ing to suture, and a few other smaller light spots towards base ; the
thorax is strongly rounded and contracted in front, so that the anterior
margin is considerably narrower than the posterior, and the base shows
very slight traces of sinuation. L. 2-3 mm.
In dry carcases, haystack refuse, under old bones, &c.; common and generally
distributed throughout the kingdom.
©. discoidea, F. Very like the preceding, but distinguished by
not having the thorax much contracted in front, so that the anterior
margin is nearly as broad as the posterior, and by the elytra having a
common luteous or light yellowish spot reaching from base to beyond
middle and from suture nearly to side margin ; the posterior margin of
thorax shows hardly a trace of sinuation. L. 2-3 mm.
Found under the same circumstances as the preceding; common and generally
distributed throughout the greater part of England, but less common further north;
Scotland, scarce, Solway and probably other districts; Ireland, near Belfast and
Dublin, and probably widely distributed.
THALYCRA, Erichson.
Only two species are contained in this genus, one of which occurs in
Europe and the other in the Australian region ; our single species is
very rare in Britain, and has only been taken in Cossus trees or by
Thalycra. | CLAVICORNIA. 239
sweeping ; according to Erichson its probable habitat is underground,
as the structure of the legs seems to indicate, and he is of opinion that
it comes out on hot summer evenings on grass and low vegetation ; the
species somewhat resembles externally Cychramus fungicola, but may
easily be known by its compact club, and by the fact that the thorax
fits closely to the elytra and does not cover their base.
T. sericea, Sturm. (fervida, Ol.; Strongylus fervidus, Steph.).
Bright rust-red, shining, ovate, moderately convex, clothed with short
silky pubescence; apex of elytra sometimes darker; antenne red, with
dark club which is very round and compact, first joint enlarged, almost
semicircular ; thorax fully as broad at base as elytra, rounded at sides
and narrowed in front, anterior margin emarginate, posterior margin
feebly bisinuate, posterior angles almost right angles but somewhat blunt,
upper surface strongly punctured ; elytra strongly punctured at base,
more feebly at apex ; elytra and thorax closely fringed with short white
hairs ; legs red, anterior tibiz simple, posterior pairs armed with spines
on their external margins. L. 3-4 mm.
At the exuding sap of Cossws-infected trees; occasionally by evening sweeping ;
rare; Birch Wood, Shirley, Ripley, Esher, Surbiton, Mickleham, Loughton, Bromley,
Tilgate Forest; Eythorne; Baleombe (Sussex); Bournemouth; Knowle, near
Birmingham; Scotland, very rare, Moray district; it is the same as the Strongylus
fervidus of Stephens, and according to him occurs in fungi.
POCADIUS, E[richson.
This genus contains eight or nine species, two of which are found in
Europe, and the others have been described from North, Central, and
South America, India, and Ceylon ; the species bear a sort of superficial
resemblance to Thalycra and Cychramus, but may be distinguished
from the first by the regular rows of punctures on the elytra, which are
separated by regular rows of yellow hairs, and from the latter by the
compact round club of the antenne (the club in Cychramus being
elongate), and the fact that the anterior tibiz are produced into a strong
point at apex.
P. ferrugineus, F. Oval, convex, shining, of a reddish-brown
colour, apex of elytra sometimes darker; antennz very short, light red,
with dark club, which is very compact ; thorax very short in comparison
with elytra, narrowed in front, posterior angles sharp, with narrow,
though distinct, margins, rather diffusely and obscurely punctured ;
elytra with punctuation and pubescence as above described ; legs light
red, with all the tibia produced into a point at apex. L. 3-4 mm.
In decaying fungi, especially Lycoperdons ; local but rather widely distributed in
the London, Southern, and Midland districts ; rarer further north ; Northumberland
district, rare ; Scotland, rare, Tweed, Forth, and Moray districts.
240 CLAVICORNIA. [Pria.
PRIA, Kirby.
This genus at first sight closely resembles Meligethes, but is dis-
tinguished by the oblong club of its antenne, by the thorax having a
lateral stria close to the margin, and by the simple front tibie; it
contains about half-a-dozen species, two of which are found in Europe,
and the others have been described from South Africa and Madagascar,
India and Japan; the single British species is very widely distributed
in Europe from England to the Caucasus district.
RP. dulcamaree, Scop. (breviuscula, Kol.). Moderately convex,
of a dark olive-testaceous colour, with suture of elytra, scutellum, and
the greater part of the under-side darker; upper surface rather thickly
clothed with fine and short greyish pubescence ; punctuation of thorax
fine, of elytra almost invisible ; posterior angles of thorax right angles ;
legs yellow, anterior tibize simple ; under a high power, however, sight
traces of teeth are visible on the anterior tibize, and the posterior pairs
are seen to be clothed with very short hairs on their margins ; antennz
yellowish with club darker; in the male they are rather longer than in
the female, and the eighth joint in the former sex is enlarged laterally,
so that the club appears to be 4-jointed in the male, and 3-jointed in
the female ; Stephens, deceived by this, considered them to belong to
separate genera, the female being his Meligethes dulcamare, and the
male his Pria truncatella. L. 2 mm.
On flowers of Solanum duleamara; very local; London district rather common
and generally distributed ; Eastbourne; Hastings; Brixham, Devon; Salford Priors,
Evesham; Bewdley ; Knowle, near Birmingham ; I know of no record from further
north.
NMUELIGETHES, Kirby.
In the Munich catalogue one hundred and nineteen species are
enumerated as belonging to this genus ; so mariy European species have,
however, been since described by Reitter, Brisout, &c., that the number
found in Europe alone is now about one hundred and ten, and upwards
of two hundred have been in all discovered ; these are almost entirely
confined to temperate and cold climates; very few occur in tropical
countries ; a small number have been found in South Africa, and one
or two are known from Ceylon, Persia, Madeira, &c. ; thirty-four species
occur in Britain, many of which at first sight closely resemble one
another, so much so that the genus is often regarded as one of the most
difficult in our fauna; the punctuation, however, and general sculpture,
and especially the denticulation of the anterior tibiz afford such good
characters for the determination of species in so many cases, that they
are really easier to separate than many belonging to genera of much less
extent ; a high magnifying power, however, is necessary, and in some
cases the differences are so comparative that the species cannot be
Aleligethes.} CLAVICORNIA. 241
determined with accuracy unless they are compared with authentic
types; the genus as a whole is marked by the denticulate anterior
tibie, taken in conjunction with the produced prosternum ; in my notes
on the genus (Ent. Monthly Mag. xxi. p. 213—217) I have at some
length discussed the chief characters on which distinctions between
species have been founded, and have especially pointed out that Reitter’s
character depending on the straightness or emargination of the anterior
margin of the forehead, although useful in some cases, is practically very
inconvenient, and as regards our fauna is virtually useless. As the
species are very numerous, and in many points closely resemble one
another, it will perhaps be of advantage to enumerate some of the chief
characters to avoid repetition :—General form subquadrate, or more or
less ovate; upper surface with more or less distinct greyish or dark
pubescence ; ; head small, triangular ; mandibles short, rather broad, but
sharp, furnished with one or two small inconspicuous teeth near apex ;
antenne short, with the first joint considerably thickened, terminating in
a compact round three-jointed club; antennal furrows on the under-side
of the head well marked, straight and parallel; thorax always trans-
verse, sometimes very strongly (as in M. picipes), at other times slightly
(as in J. nanus), finely margined at sides, about as broad at base as
elytra; abdomen with the first free segment as long as the three
following, which are of equal length ; fifth segment longer, with two
rounded impressions ; last segment, of abdomen and metasternum fur-
nished, especially in male, with varying depressions, keels, or prominences,
which often afford very useful characters. In size the species range
from 1mm. to 35mm.; as a rule they are about 2 mm. in length.
The colour is usually black, sometimes very shiny, sometimes dull or
leaden.; several species have a bluish or greenish (occasionally a bronze
or purple) metallic lustre ; none, however, of the British species are red
or testaceous (like the continental JZ. fuscus), except a variety of M.
rufipes, Which is of a dark ferruginous colour; a mahogany-coloured
tinge is sometimes present on the purple varieties of M.cneus. Next to
the denticulation of the anterior tibize the degree of punctuation and
cross striation or reticulation between the punctures appears to afford the
best determining character ; sometimes the latter takes the form of very
fine alutaceous network covering the whole of the body, sometimes of
coarse transverse scratches ; occasionally it is confined to the elytra, and
is absent on the thorax ; and in one of our species (M. murinus) it is
peculiar to the scutellum; in some cases only very slight traces are
visible, which are often so feeble that the interstices are, for purposes of
subdivision, conveniently regarded as quite smooth. In all cases a com-
pound microscope with at least a one-inch objective is required for the
examination of this character.
Réitter in his “ Revision der Europidischen Meligethes-Arten” (a work
indispensable to any student of the genus) divides the genus Meligethes
into three sub-genera, as follows :—J/eligethes, containing the bulk of the
VOL. IL. R
242 CLAVICORNIA, [ Meligethes.
species, distinguished by having simple claws not toothed at the base ;
Odontogethes, ‘which has the claws broader and strongly toothed at the
base, containing the single European species O. hebes, Er. (M. olivaceus,
Sturm); and Acanthogethes, which has the claws as in the preceding
genus, but has the forehead deeply excised in a semicircle, and the
anterior tibie strongly toothed, whereas in O. hebes the anterior tibie
are very finely toothed, as in M. rufipes, &c., and the anterior margin of
the forehead is straight; this sub-genus contains our M. solidus, Kug.,
M. brevis, Sturm (pictus, Rye), and three other species.
The species of the genus Meligethes occur on flowers; they seem to
be especially attached to Crucifera, Laliate, and Composite, and to the
genus Potentilla of the Rosacee; they are, however, found on many
other plants.
The British species may be divided as follows: in all cases, however,
a careful comparison of the detailed descriptions is necessary :—
I. Tarsal claws simple. (Meligethes, i. sp.)
i. Anterior tibize very finely toothed, rather more dis-
tinctly towards apex.
1. Colour black, with at most very slight traces of
metallic lustre.
A. Legs light.
a. Species large, black, oval, or broad oblong ;
punctuation and cross striation of elytra form-
ing wavy lines; club of antenne dark.
a*, Sides of thorax considerably contracted
towards apex; thorax very finely and in-
distinctly punctured . , M. RUFIPES, Gy/ll.
b*. Sides of thorax only slightly contracted
towards apex; panenstion of thorax fine
butidistinct: 2% = - - - « » . « M. LumpBaris, Sturm.
b. Species smaller, rather narrow- oblong ; punc-
tuation and cross striation of elytra not form-
ing wavy lines; antennz entirely light . . M, FULVIPES, Bris,
B. Legs dark; at most anterior tibize somewhat
lighter.
a. Elytra unevenly and rugosely punctured with
strong transverse striation between Ba :
length under 2mm.) ee M. susruagosus, Gyll.
be Blytra evenly punctured with cross : reticula-
tion between punctures; length at least 2mm.
. Punctuation weak; cross reticulation be-
tween punctures delicate, Joe on both
thorax and elytra) 2. 2 = 7: . . M. coracrtnus, Sturm.
b*. Punctuation rather strong; cross reticu-
lation between punctures rather coarse and
uneven, present on elytraonly. . . . . M. CoRVINUS, Hr.
2. Colour greenish or greenish-blue, sometimes pur-
ple, with strong metallic lustre.
A. Punctuation close, and comparatively weak. . M. mNEuS, FP.
B. Punctuation more diffuse, and rather strong . M, VinIDESCENS, F,
ii, Anterior tibie very finely toothed from a little below
base to beyond middle, with two or more conspicuously
stronger teeth at or close to apex.
AMeliyethes. } CLAVICORNIA.
1. Upper surface without cross striation or reticula-
tion between punctures.
A. Black, or with dark brown reflection, very
shining ; punctuation strong, and not very close,
especially on elytra.
a. Anterior margin of forehead emarginate.
a*, Body long-oval; punctuation of elytra
plainly stronger than that of thorax.
a}. Punctuation of elytra less diffuse ;
metasternum of male with a tubercular
prominence on each side of middle . .
by. Punctuation of elytra more diffuse ; me-
tasternum of male simple. . . - 4 +
b*. Body short-oval ; punctuation of elytra
not much stronger than that of thorax
b. Anterior margin of forehead straight.
a*. Body short-oval ; colour shining black.
at. Punctuation not much stronger on
elytra than on thorax . . . ... -
by. Punctuation much stronger on elytra
than on thorax or nuun Woy OAR cee
b*, Body long-oval; shining, with dark brown
TENECHOMGrsy o stleg ee en oe ee =
B. Black, moderately shining ; punctuation close
and fine, almost the same on elytra as on
thorax.
a. Male with the last abdominal segment simple.
b. Male with the last abdominal segment fur-
nished with a large smooth tubercle at apex
2. Upper surface with cross striation or reticulation
between punctures; black, as a rule rather
dull.
A. Cross striation present on elytra only ; anterior
tibize with two stronger teeth at apex, not sepa-
rated by smaller teeth ARR I eS Beil
B. Cross striation or reticulation present on the
whole of the upper-side.
a, Thorax at base wider than elytra ; anterior
tibiee with two to five stronger teeth at apex,
of which two or three are usually larger
than the rest; none, however, are very con-
spicuous, and they are very often almost
OUSOLEEC) eae ein cost cm =e wom eee ies ge
b. Thorax at base at most as wide as elytra ;
anterior tibie with three or four conspicuously
stronger teeth at apex, the last but one being
usually the largest.
a*, Punctuation closer and weaker ; upper sur-
se UIOU ME kA” Glecero CM Osos wUe it
b*. Punctuation stronger; upper surface
SUITING oe, wey te MEN ob Moone) ha
iii. Anterior tibia without conspicuously stronger tecth
at apex; as a rule, evenly and finely, although dis-
tinctly, toothed for the greater part of their length,
but often presenting irregularities, particularly as
regards breadth of teeth.
1. Thorax entirely smooth between punctures; elytra
R 2
243
M. DIFFICILIS, Heer.
M. Kunzet, Fr.
M. morosus, Lr.
M. MEMNONIUS, Er.
M. ocnrorus, Sturm.
M. BRUNNICORNIS, Sturm.
M. yipvatus, Sturm.
M. PEDICULARIUS, Sturm.
M. Biprens, Bris.
M. umsrosus, Sturm.
M. r1ncanus, Sturm.
M. ovatus, Sturm.
244 CLAVICORNIA. [ Meligeties.
with interstices smooth, or at most showing very
faint traces of cross striation; forehead with an-
terior margin straight; colour black or leaden
black.
A, Anterior tarsi of male strongly dilated ; thorax
only a quarter broader than long, at least as
broad aselytra s . . « « M. FLAVIPES, Sturm.
B. Anterior tarsi of male not or » very slightly
dilated ; thorax twice as broad as long, narrower
than the base of elytra . . . «>. » ¢ MM. ProrEs, Sturm.
2. Thorax and elytra with fine but very distinct cross
reticulation between punctures; forehead with an-
terior margin emarginate ;. colour leaden black. . M.ROTUNDICOLLIS, Bris.
3. Thorax quite smooth between punctures ; elytra
with fine, though distinct, cross reticulation; fore-
head with anterior margin straight; body with
strong purple metallic reflection . : - M. sympayrr, Heer.
Anterior tibie serrate or pectinate for at least two-
nicne from apex ; teeth often irregular, but always
distinct and more or less strong.
1. Upper surface very scantily pubescent, entirely
smooth between punctures; legs lighter or darker
brown ; anterior tibiae serrate.
A. Anterior tibia dilated from above middle;
thorax nearly as longas broad. . . . . . M. NANUS, #7.
B. Anterior tibiee not dilated from above middle ;
thorax short, much broader thanlong . . . . M. SERRIPES, Gyld.
2. Upper surface very thickly pubescent, thorax and
elytra smooth between punctures, scutellum only
with strong cross striation; legs ee anterior
tibiae more or less pectinate . . M. MuRINuS, Zr.
v. Anterior tibie very finely toothed, but with two or
three distinct, though small, outstanding teeth,
situated at some distance from one another, and
separated by two or more smaller teeth.
1. Upper surface shining black, with slight traces of
cross striation between punctures; anterior tibie
with two outstanding teeth; legs black, anterior
tibiae py eae i os « s w « MM. LUGUBRIS, Sturm.
2. Upper surface dull black, with pl: lin cross reticula-
tion ; anterior tibie w ith two outstanding teeth ;
legs dark, anterior pair dark red.
A. Forehead straight; anterior tarsi of male very
strongly dilated . . .. . » : . . M. opsourus, L7.
B. Forehead emarginate; anterior tarsi of male
not strongly dilated.
a. Male with a small transverse keel on the last
abdominal segment . . - .. . ss M. ERYTHROPUS, Gyll.
b. Male with a very strong transverse keel on
the last abdominal segment, divided by a
broad semicircular excision into two divisions,
each ending ina strong sharp tooth . . . M. BIDENTATUS, Bris.
8. Upper surface shining black, with very slight
traces of cross striation ; anterior tibia with three
short outstanding teeth, separated from one another
by one or two smaller teeth; legs dark, anterior
tibiee occasionally lighter . 2. » « « » » « « M, EXILIs, Sturm.
tS
He
Or
Meligethes. } CLAVICORNIA.
If. Tarsal claws toothed at base. (Acanthogethes,
Reitter.)
i. Thorax and elytra rather coarsely punctured ; upper
surface shining, usually with a red spot on each
elytron ; anterivr tarsi of male not dilated; inter-
ShICeSiSMOOoN Ger ew ai heeede sh as pele ce M. BREVIS, Sfurm.
ii, Thorax and elytra finely punctured ; upper surface
dull, unicolorous; anterior tarsi of male strongly
dilated ; interstices with plain cross striation . . . M. sonipus, Kug.
NM. rufipes, Gyll. Broad, somewhat ovate, moderately convex,
black, rather dull; the largest. of our species; easily distinguished
from all the others (except M. lumbaris) by its size, taken in conjunction
with its red legs; smaller specimens closely resemble J/. lumbaris
(which is the var. b of MM. rufipes of Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec. i. 235), but
may be separated by the shape and the finer punctuation of the thorax ;
the first joint of the antenne in M. rufipes is light, in M. /umbaris more
or less dark, and in the former species the margins of the thorax are
broader and of a reddish colour, whereas, in the latter, they are narrower
and darker; the latter distinctions, however, although as a rule they
hold good, are not always constant, and are apt to be misleading; the
anterior tibize in JZ. rujipes are sublinear, and very finely denticulate
or crenulate. L. 23-35 mm.
On flowers, especially hawthorn bloom in spring ; found also on Ranunculaceae, Rubi,
Allium, &c.; very common and generally distributed in England and Wales as far
north as Yorkshire, but rarer further north. Northumberland district, “ apparently
rare” (Bold); Scotland, occasional; Dr. Sharp (Scottish Nat. iii. 373) says, “This
species is perhaps not uncommon, but no localities are recorded for it.”
There is a reddish variety of this species which has been taken at
Hainault Forest (Power), and Highgate (Newbery); one of Dr. Powers
specimens has the thorax and one elytron of the normal colour, with a
slight greenish metallic tinge, and the other elytron of the colour of the
variety.
NM. lumbaris, Sturm (rvfipes, var., Gyll. et auct.), Considerably
smaller than the average specimens of the preceding, rather shorter,
narrower, and more oblong, with the thorax more distinctly punctured
than elytra, first jomt of antenne usually dark, and legs considerably
stouter and of a darkercolour, L. 23-3 mm.
On Umbellifere, broom, nettles, hawthorn, and other flowers ; local, but not un-
common in many localities ; London district, rather generally distributed; Bearstead
Kent, on roses, particularly garden ones (Gorham) ; Southgate; Loughton; South-
ampton, on Pulicaria dysenterica (Newbery) ; Knowle ; Repton; Chat Moss; North-
umberland and Durham district, local ; Scotland, rare, Solway district.
M. fulvipes, Bris. (rubripes, Muls.). Oblong-ovate, black, occasion-
ally with a leaden reflection, with short grey pubescence ; upper surface
very finely punctured, with distinct cross reticulation between the
punctures; legs and antenne light red or reddish-yellow, occasionally
246 CLAVICORNLA. [ Meligethes.
rather darker ; anterior tibiee with very fine, almost imperceptible, teeth,
which are slightly stronger at apex. L. 2-2; mm.
In marshy places on Umbellifere, Geniste, and Crucifere ; not eommon; Darenth
Wood, Dagenham, Strood, Southend ; Hastings; North Devon ; Barmouth ; Askham
Bog; not reeorded from the extreme northern counties of England or from Scot-
lind.
The very plain cross reticulation between the panetures is a valuable
character for this species; rubbed examples, at first sight, resemble
M. picipes, but the longer shape and the very finely toothed anterior tibiae
will at once distinguish them.
HM. subrugosus, Gyll. <A smali species, ovate, rather convex,
shining black ; antennze entirety black ; head and thorax thickly and
finely punctured, the latter about a third broader than long, elytra
rugosely punetured, with strong transverse striation, especially towards
base; the front tibize are very finely crenulate, as in M. corvinus, and
are rather lighter than the rest, but all the legs are more or less pitchy-
black or pitchy-brown. L. 13 mm.
Only one British specimen of this species is known; this was taken by Dr. Sharp
many years ago on the banks of the Water of Ken, Galloway, Solway district ; the
insect occurs in many parts of Europe, not uncommonly in some localities ; in Germany
it is widely distributed, but rare; it will probably Le found in Britain in some
numbers.
The peculiar rngose and wavy sculpture, which is nearest to, but
quite distinct from, the sculpture of I. rujipes, is the chief characteristic
of this remarkable insect, which in some points resembles at first sight
M. serripes. M. substrigosus, Er., is a variety of this species of not quite
so deep black a colour, less convex, with finer cross striation, and with
lighter legs and antenne, according to Erichson ; Brisout, however,
says that they are darker than the type form.
If. coracinus, Sturm. Oblong-oval, black, rather dull, occasionally
with a very slight greenish or bronze reflection; punctuation of elytia
and thorax close and fine, with very fine cross reticulation between
punctures ; antenne black with the two first joints reddish-brown ;
thorax rather variable in shape in the sexes; legs pitchy, anterior
tibie rather lighter, very finely denticulate, rather more distinctly to-
wards apex ; intermediate and posterior tibia straight or almost straight
for two-thirds from base, and from thence sharply and obliquely cut
off to apex. L. 2 mm.
Not rare on the Continent, according to Brisout, on flowers of Galiwm and Prunus
spinosa ; very rare in Britain ; Hampstead (Waterhouse) ; Darenth Wood (Rye) ; Mr.
Blatch records it from Wicken Fen, Hunstanton, and Weymouth, in horned poppy
and other flowers; dark examples of JZ. @neus are often placed under this name in
collections, and I have had several sent to me as this species; mistakes seem to arise
trom the fact that AZ. coracinus is said to have a greenish reflection; it is, however,
as ‘i eh so very slight, that for all practical purposes the insect may be considered
as black.
Meligethes. } CLAVICORNIA. 247
IM. corvinus, Er. Ovate, shining black, convex; punctuation of
elytra and thorax rather ee interstices of elytra filled with rather
indistinct and coarse cross reticulation, of thorax nearly smooth ; legs
and antenne black, tibiae somewhat thickened towards apex ; anterior
tibia very finely crenulated, crenulations obtuse and hardly perceptible
even under a considerable magnifying power. L. 25 mm.
On Labiate ; very rare; Mickleham (Power); on Agraphis nutans and Melam-
pyrum pratense ; Caterham, a few examples (Champion).
IM. zneus, F. (Wrassicw, Scop.). Oblong or oblong-ovate, shining,
greenish or greenish-bronze, with rather thick and fine greyish pubes-
cence ; antenne pitchy or blackish, with the first joint dark brown
aud the second reddish-brown ; thorax half as broad again as long;
punctuation of upper surface rather close, with fine cross reticulation
between punctures; legs pitchy, anterior tibie lighter, very finely
serrated. L. 13-25 mm.
V. coeruleus (M. coeruleus, Steph.). Of a blue or purple colour, with
the elytra sometimes brownish ; pubescence very scanty.
On various flowers, especially Crucifere and Ranunculacee ; very common and
generally distributed throughout the kingdom ; the variety occurs with the type, but
is rather rare.
This species is very variable, and often gives rise to mistakes. M.
Brisout says concerning it (Synopse du genre Meligethes, p. 10), “ In
the South of Europe, in Algeria, and in Syria it usually cccurs with
greyer and rather longer pubescence ; the posterior angles of the thorax
are, as a rule, right angles, but it is not uncommon to mect with ex-
amples in Algeria and in Spain which have these angles obtuse or even
rounded.” These remarks are worth quoting, as showing the difficulties
that the genus occasionally presents, even in usually constaut characters,
and as tending to prove that several of the species which are now on
shght differences regarded as distinct may very likely be merely varieties
or races of some other species.
Mi. viridescens, F. (virescens, Thoms.). Rather long, oval, shin-
ing, greenish-blue, sometimes entirely green, rarely blackish ; antennee
red with club darker; legs red, anterior tibiae very finely serrated 3 punc-
tuation rather strong, with fine cross reticulation between punctures,
which is plainer on thorax than on elytra ; the species may be known
from M. eneus, with which it is often found in company, by its more
elongate and oval shape, lighter legs, and stronger punctuation. L. 2-3
mm.
On Crucifere, Ranunculaceae, and other flowers ; very common and generally dis-
tributed throughout the kingdom.
IM. difficilis, Heer. Of rather long oval or oblong oval form, deep
black, very shining, usually with a very slight greenish reflection; an-
tenn reddish-brown, with the first two joints lighter ; punctuation
248 CLAVICORNIA. [ Meligethes.
distinct, that of elytra strong, evidently stronger than on thorax ; an-
terior legs yellow or reddish-yellow, posterior pairs slightly darker, with
outside margins of tibie usually dark brown, rounded ; antertor tibiz
furnished at apex with. three or four rather conspicuous sharp teeth ;
male with metasternum strongly depressed, with a tubercular prominence
on each side of the depression about the middle ; the female presents
the same characters in a less degree. L. 15-25 mm.
Locally common on Labiate, especially Lamium album and Stachys sylvatica ; tt
also-is found on Symphytum officinale, &c.; London district, generally distributed ;
Amberley; Hartlebury; Repton; Llangollen; Staffordshire; Cheshire ; Lincoln ;
Manchester district; not recorded from the extreme northern counties of England
or from Scotland.
M. Kunzei, Er. Very like the preceding, but larger with the an-
terior tibixe less strongly toothed, the punctuation of the elytra rather
more diffuse, and the first three joints lighter red, instead of two only ;
the eolour is black and never shows a trace of the greenish reflection
which is often so noticeable in M. difficilis; the pubescence, which is
very scanty, is whitish instead of blackish, as in the latter species ; the
metasternui of the male, which is furnished with two conspicuous
tubercles in WZ. dificilis, is in this species simple. L. 23 mm.
On Limium album, Stachys sylvatica, Agraphis nutans, Melampyrum pratense,
and Mercurialis perennis ; rare; Chatham, Reigate, Mickleham, Caterham, Shirley,
Horsell, Kistry ; Llangollen; Repten; Cheshire ; Manchester district. .
This species is by many authors considered a variety of the preceding ;
if, however, we are to keep M. viduatus and pedicularius, and other
species as distinct, we cannot but regard M. Kunzet as distinct also, if
we have regard merely to the male characters.
I. morosus, Er. A very difficult species, concerning which there
seems to be considerable doubt; it comes very close to M. memnonius,
from which it is said to be distinguished by haying the anterior margin
of the forehead emarginate, and the punctuation not quite so strong, and
also by having the first and second joints cf the antenne reddish, instead
of the second only; this character, however, cannot be depended on, as
is plain from Mr. G. Rt. Waterhouse’s notes (Hnt. Ann. 1874, 61),
taken at the time he examined Erichson’s collection at Berlin, in which
he says, “Morosus and memnonius very much alike and difficult to dis-
tinguish ; morosus, however, has rather a shorter form, and the antenne
are pale throughout, whilst in memmnonius they are dusky at base and
apex.” As regards the emargination of the forehead, on the strength of
which Reitter places the two species in separate divisions, this author
himself allows that it is slight in M. morosus, and as M. memnonius
has the anterior ‘margin not always quite straight, a confusion might
easily arise. L. 2 mm.
On Caltha palustris and Labiate ; rare; 1 have several specimens from Repton
Meligethes.] CLAVICORNIA. 249
which have been determined for me on the Continent as this species, and there appear
to be several others in Mr. Rye’s and Dr, Power’s collections ; I should certainly refer
them all to the next species, or, following M. Brisout, include JZ. memnonius under
MM. morosus.
M.memnonius, Er. This and the preceding species at first sight re-
semble small MM. dificilis, but their form is short oval, and the punctuation
is closer and less strong, although plainly stronger than that of M. pe/icu-
larius ; the elytra, moreover, are not much more strongly punctured than
the thorax ; from M. ochropus they may be known by the closer pune-
tuation and darker antenne and legs ; the anterior tibiae, as in all the
species of this section, are very finely toothed from a little below base to
beyond middle, and are furnished with two or more conspicuously larger
and stronger teeth at or close to apex. L. 13-2} mm.
On Lamium album, Stachys sylvatica, Galeopsis unicolor, Caltha palustris, &e ;
local ; London district, not uncommon and generally distributed ; Dover ; Worthing ;
Hunstanton; Repton; Chat Moss; it is probably more widely distributed, but I know
of no localities further north. :
M.ochropus, Sturm. Broad and short, oval, convex, strongly and
diffusely punctured ; deep black, shining ; antenne of a light reddish
‘colour, first two joints yellow ; punctuation of elytra very diffuse and
strong, much stronger than that of thorax, which is, however, distinct and
rather deep; legs, as a rule, yellow, occasionally darker, anterior tibize
with three or four sharp teeth at apex, which are not so strongly deve-
loped as in M, difficilis ; male with a smooth shining tubercle on the last
abdominal segment; one of the chief characters of this species lies in the
outer margin of the posterior tibiz, which is not rounded, but dilated in
almost a straight line until the lower third, where it is suddenly and
obliquely contracted. L. 13-2} mm.
On Labiate ; rare ; Caterham, Claygate, Woking; Rusper near Horsham and
Eastry, on Stachys sylvatica (Gorham) ; New Forest.
This species was first recorded as British by Bold from the Northum-
berland district, but his specimen was really M. brunnicornis, as was
also Crotch’s ochropus according to Rye (Ent. Monthly Mag. vi. 282).
M. brunnicornis, Sturm. About the size and shape of I, dificilis,
but distinguished by its rather closer punctuation, lighter antenne and
legs, and the brown reflection of both thorax and elytra, the former of
which usually has ight margins ; the anterior margin of the forehead is,
for all practical purposes, straight, and is a very useful character by
which to separate dark specimens of this species from immature J/.
dificilis, in which it is evidently emarginate ; it also resembles MM.
ochropus, but is narrower, flatter, and more finely punctured than that
species, besides being differently coloured; the plain grey pubescence,
also, which is especially noticeable in fresh specimens, is a good distin-
guishing character; the male has a small shining tubercle at the ex-
250 CLAVICORNIA. [ Meligethes.
tremity of the last segment of the abdomen, which is wanting in M.
dificis, L. 13-2} mm.
On Labiate, especially Lamium album and Stachys sylvatica ; rather widely dis-
tributed and not uncommon in the London and Southern districts; rarer further north ;
Tewkesbury ; Liverpool; Northumberland district, rare; not recorded from Seot-
land,
M. viduatus, Sturm (melanarius, Forst.). Rather broad oval, with
close and comparatively fine punctuation, which gives the insect a rather
dull appearance as compared with the five preceding species; black,
moderately shining; pubescence blackish ; antenne dark brown with
the first two joints red; thorax punctured much as elytra, somewhat
narrowed in front, with the side border slightly raised ; hinder pairs of
legs dark brown, with the tibiee somewhat obliquely cut off towards apex,
front legs lighter ; anterior tibiz with two or three conspicuously stronger
teeth at apex ; male with the last abdominal segment simple. L. 2-24
mm.
On Labiate, especially Salvia pratensis, Galeopsis tetrahit, and Mentha aquatica
(according to Brisout); local and usually considered rare; Caterham; Wicken Fen ;
Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire; Chat Moss (on Galeopsis tetrahit, var. versicolor
(Chappell) ; Manchester district; it occurs commonly in Langworth Wood near
Lincoln, on Ajuga reptans, and by general sweeping, and I have also taken it on
strawberry flowers in my garden at Lincoln; Scotland, Solway district, Thornhill, not
uncommon,
MM. pedicularius, Gyll. (tenebrosus, Forst.). Very like the preced-
ing, but less convex, of somewhat larger and blunter form, with finer
punctuation ; the thorax has somewhat more parallel sides, and the side
border is very slightly raised ; the hinder pair of legs are said to have
the tibiae rounded on the outside, and not obliquely cut off as in M,
vi luatus, and the larger teeth at the apex of the anterior tibiae are
weaker. The male has a large smooth tubercle at the extremity of the
last abdominal segment, behind which there is an inclined, smooth,
shining space. LL. 2-2; mm.
On Labiate, especially Lamium album and Salvia pratensis; local; London district,
not uncommon, Darenth Wood, Chatham, Caterham, Mickleham, Dorking; New
Forest; Wicken Fen; Glanvilles Wootton; Exmouth; Dawlish; Bewdley ; Lincoln
(common on Ajuga reptans and strawberry flowers) ; Northumberland district, very
rare; not recorded from Scotland; Ireland, near Waterford.
I have very carefully studied these two species, and have come to the
conclusion that, except on the male characters, it is impossible to separate
them ; the male characters themselves are not always constant, so that
it is quite possible that they may be identical ; Reitter, in a letter to me
on the subject, says “ M. pedicularius and vidwatus are hardly different ;”
the relative punctuation, size of teeth of anterior tibia, &e., are quite
useless characters, as they are very variable in different specimens.
NM. bidens, Bris. Rather like Jf pedicularius, but smaller than
Meligethes. | CLAVICORNIA, 951
that species, narrower, less convex, less shining, and more finely pune-
tured ; antenne brownish, with the first two joints red ; thorax nearly
double as broad as long, with the sides nearly parallel, without cross
striation between punctures ; elytra with weak cross striation, which is
more evident at the base; legs dark brown with the anterior tibiz ferru-
ginous ; the species is very easily distinguished by the two conspicuous
teeth (not separated by smaller teeth) at the extreme apex of the anterior
tibiz, which are widened towards apex. The male has the anterior tarsi
rather strongly dilated, and the metasternum with a rather wide and
deep impression. L, 13-2 mm.
Local; on Teucriuwm scorodonia ; not uncommon in some places in the London
district, Birch Wood, Mickleham, Caterham, Chatham; Amberley ; Littlington ;
Kingsdown, on Scabiosa succisa ; Dover ; according to Brisout it occurs near Paris on
Trifolium medium.
IM. umbrosus, Sturm. One of our largest species, in size equalling
average specimens of M. lumbaris ; short and broad, convex, with very
thick and fine punctuation, which gives it a dull appearance; pubescence
close, usually grey, sometimes blackish ; upper surface of both thorax and
elytra reticulate between punctures ; thorax about a third broader than
long, wider at base than elytra ; antenne black with the two first joints
brownish-red ; anterior legs reddish-brown with tibix lighter, posterior
pairs pitchy ; anterior tibiz with several more prominent teeth towards
apex, which, however, are not so conspicuous as in some of the allied
species, and sometimes are very weak or almost obliterated. The male
has a small prominence on the mestasternum between the posterior coxe,
and a little transverse keel at the extremity of the last abdominal seg-
ment; this character, however, is very variable in different specimens ;
this sex also has the anterior tarsi strongly dilated. L. 2}-3 mm.
On Labiate, Geniste, wild Cistus, Helianthemum vulgare, and Hieracium ; very
local, and as a rule rare; London district, not uncommon, Caterham, Mickleham,
Ciiatham, Darenth Wood, Brasted, Sevenoaks, Shiere, Rusper, Bearstead, &e.; New
Forest ; Tenby (one specimen at Lydstep, Aug. 1885) ; Scotland, Solway district.
M. maurus, Sturm, which has been wrongly considered a British
species—all its supposed exponents being JZ. ovatus, Sturm—comes very
close to M. wmbrosus ; in fact, it is very hard to distinguish them, as
in punctuation, denticulation of anterior tibiew, &., they are exceedingly
alike ; M. maurus, however, is rather larger than M. umbrosus, with very
slightly stronger punctuation and weaker pubescence, and with the
posterior margin of the thorax not broader than the base of elytra; the
thorax is narrower with its sides more parallel; the teeth of the anterior
tibiz are rather stronger ; the metasternum of male is impressed, and has
two small tubercles on the front of the impression, and the last segment
of the abdomen is furnished with a small smooth tubercle. L. 23-3}
mm.
The species is common in France on Salvia and Mentha, and may very likely be
found in Britain.
252 CLAVICORNIA. | Mfeligethes.
IM. incanus, Sturm. Dull black, of about the size of AZ. wmbrosus,
of exactly oval outline, thickly and finely punctured, with fine cross stria-
tion between the punctures, and clothed with fine and distinct greyish-
brown pubescence ; antenne black or brownish, with the first two joints
lighter ; thorax a fourth broader than long, narrowed in front, about as
broad at base as elytra ; legs pitchy, anterior tibiz reddish-brown, dilated
towards apex, with three or four rather strong irregular teeth near apex,
of which the last but one is usually the most prominent ; male with the
metasternum broadly impressed. L. 23-27 mm.
Only asingle specimen is known as British, which was taken by Mr. G. Rt. Water-
honse in Darenth Wood, in July, 1859, on Lchium vulgare ; it also occurs on Solanum
dulcamara and species of Nepeta ; it is rather closely allied to JZ, ovatus, but is more
closely punctured and duller, and the pubescence is lighter.
IM. ovatus, Sturm (fu/ivinosus, Er., 9). Oval, convex, shining
black, rather thickly clothed with fine blackish pubescence; antenne
black with the first three joints red ; thorax about a fourth broader than
long, narrowed in front, about as broad at base as base of elytra; punc-
tuation of upper surface close, but stronger than in the three preceding
species ; legs stout, dark ferruginous or pitchy, anterior tibis strongly
dilated with three or four large teeth at apex which are very variable ;
male with a strong tubercle at the extremity of the last segment of abdo-
men, and with the anterior tarsi conspicuously dilated; according to
Brisout, this species may easily be distinguished from its allies by the form
of the extremity of the elytra, the posterior margin of each being slightly
sinuate, with the sutural angle a little prolonged and rounded, but this
character in many cases appears not to be very evident. L. 2-2; mm.
On Labiate ; local; London district, not uncommon and generally distributed ;
Suffolk; Amberley; Nettlecomb, Somerset ; Lee (North Devon); Chat Moss, on
flowers of Galeopsis; banks of Bollin, Cheshire; not recorded from the midland or
northern counties of England or from Scotland.
IM. flavipes, Sturm (flavicornis, Mill.). Black, rather shining,
more or less oblong, somewhat thickly and finely punctured, with rather
thick and fine greyish pubescence ; antenne yeliow or yellow-red ; thorax
at base quite as broad as elytra, only a quarter broader than long ; legs
brownish-yellow, anterior pair lighter; anterior tibiz armed with fine
teeth, which become gradually larger towards apex, and are variable in
different specimens ; in fact these teeth are so much stronger in some speci-
mens that the species might ‘perhaps with some reason be referred to
the preceding group; on the whole, however, it is best placed here; the
anterior tarsi of the male are strongly dilated. L. 13-2 mm.
On Labiate, Umbellifere, Ballota nigra, Melilotum, Cirsium lanceolatum, Ke. ;
locally common; London district, common and generally distributed ; Whitstable ;
Deal ; Eastbourne; Glanvilles Wootton; Lancaster, on broom; Northumberland
district.
M. picipes, Sturm. Short oval, rather convex, black, with a
Meligethes. | CLAVICORNIA. 253
leaden reflection, clothed with thick grey pubescence, rather deeply and
thickly punctured ; antennie yellow-brown, with the first joints lighter ;
thorax twice as broad as long, narrower at base than base of elytra ;
legs reddish, anterior pair lighter; anterior tibiw finely but rather
unevenly and irregularly toothed, the teeth being in some instances
fine and sharp, in others broader and blunter, the right and left tibic
being occasionally different, and showing both these characteristics in
the same insect ; both sexes have a small excayation at the extremity of
the last abdominal segment. L. 1{-2 mm.
On various kinds of flowers and blossom; common and generally distributed
throughout England and Wales; Scotland, not uncommon, Solway, Forth, and
probably other districts; Ireland, near Waterford, and probably general.
M. rotundicollis, Bris. Short oval, rather convex, leaden black ;
antenne leht; thorax about half as broad again as long, broadest about
the middle ; punctuation of thorax and elytra close, with fine but
distinct cross reticulation between punctures; in the two preceding
species the thorax is entirely smooth between punctures, and the elytra
are either smooth or show very faint traces of cross reticulation ; legs
reddish-yellow, anterior tibiz finely denticulate. This species at first
sight closely resembles JL. picipes, and is often confounded with it ;
it is, however, readily distinguished from it by the rounder and some-
what dilated sides of thorax, emarginate forehead, closer punctuation,
and also by the plain cross reticulation between the punctures of the
thorax and elytra, and the finer denticulation of the anterior tibie.
ii mm;
On Genista and Trifolium medium (according to Brisout) ; Mickleham and Cater-
ham (Champion) ; Highgate, Horsell, and Littlington (Power); Brighton.
IM. symphyti, Heer. Oval, convex, short in comparison with its
breadth, smooth and shining, with scarcely visible scanty dark pubes-
cence; colour violet or greenish-blue; antennwe light, except club,
which is somewhat darker; thorax a third broader than long, more
closely and deeply punctured than elytra, interstices quite smooth ;
elytra rather strongly and somewhat diffusely punctured, with plain
cross reticulation between punctures; legs yellowish or reddish-yellow,
anterior tibie finely, sharply, and evenly denticulate ; male with a deep.
longitudinal impression onthe hinder half of the metasternum, with a
tubercle on each side, and a smaller one in the middle of the posterior
margin. L. 23 mm.
On Symphytum officinale, but by no means confined to this plant; in fact, more of
our British specimens have been taken on Agraphis nutans, and it has occurred on
Taraxacum; yvare; Mickleham, Caterham, St. Mary Cray (Champion) ; Chatham ;
Darenth Wood; Shiere (Capron) ; Henley (Power) ; Amberley (Walker) ; Bowdon,
Manchester, on Galeobdolon lutewm (Chappell); Studley Royal, Ripon (Water-
house).
IM. nanus, Er. (marrubi/, Bris.). Oblong-ovate, not very convex,
254 CLAVICORNIA. | Meligethes.
deep black, shining, with scanty pubescence ; antenna, as a rule, reddish
or reddish-yellow, but sometimes darker; thorax longer than in any
other of our species, almost as long as broad ; punctuation rather strong,
especially of elytra; legs varying in colour from yellowish to dark
brown ; anterior tibie strongly dilated for at least two-thirds from apex,
and furnished with strong irregular teeth, of which four or five at base,
apex, and in the middle, are especially conspicuous. L. 13-2 mm.
On Marrubium vulgare, Erysimum alliaria, and Salix aurita; very rare in
Britain; Putney, one specimen with dark legs and antenna (Rye) ; Horsell, one
specimen with light legs and antenna (Power); Mickleham.
This species is allied to AZ. serripes, but may be distinguished from it
by its much longer thorax, stronger and less close punctuation, and also
by the stronger and more irregular denticulation of the anterior tibia,
which are more dilated than in M. serripes.
M.serripes; Gyll. (quadridens, Forst.). Oblong-oval, rather flat,
shining black, occasionally with a leaden reflection, which is chiefly
seen in fresh specimens, and is caused by the fine ashy-grey pubescence
with which the insect is clothed ; antennz and legs pitchy or reddish-
brown ; thorax half as broad again as long, about as broad behind as
elytra, rather plainly sinuate at base ; punctuation distinct, about the
same on thorax as elytra; anterior tibize armed with a row of short,
strong, sharp teeth from a little below base to apex; these are usually
regular and even, but oceasionally are variable, and sometimes abnormal
specimens occur with six or seven teeth on one side and three or four
larger ones on the other; metasternum of male with a distinct channel
behind. L. 13-1} mm.
On Echium vulgare, Salvia pratensis, Saponaria officinalis, &c.; not common ;
Darenth Wood, Faversham, Mickleham, Esher, Caterham, Dorking, Shiere, Hamp-
stead, Chaldon (Surrey); Brandon, Suffolk; Eastbourne; Glanvilles Wootton ;
Cromer, Norfolk; Holy Island.
This is rather a variable species, and may sometimes be confused with
small rubbed examples of M. flavipes or M. picipes ; it may, however,
be distinguished from both by its narrower form, and the invariably
stronger denticulation of its anterior tibia.
WI. murinus, Er. (seniculus, Er., 2). Oblong, not very convex,
black, clothed with thick greyish or whitish pubescence; antenne
black, with the second joint, and sometimes the next one or two, reddish-
brown; thorax one-third broader than long, rather thickly and finely
punctured; elytra rather less thickly punctured than thorax ; cross
striation between punctures only present on scutellum; legs black, with
tarsi somewhat lighter; anterior tibiz armed with a row of regular
comb-like teeth from a little below base to apex; male with the last
abdominal segment furnished with a very small and narrow triangular
indentation. L. 13-25 mm.
On Cynoglossum and Echium vulgare; locally abundant, especially on and near
the coast in the south-eastern and southern districts; it is, however, rarer further
Meligethes. | CLAVICORNIA. 255
north, and seldom occurs inland; Caterham and Mickleham (Champion); Esher ;
Dorking; Repton (W. Garneys); Northumberland and Durham district, rare;
Scotland, local, Forth district.
V. planiusculus, Er, This variety of M. murinus, which is considered
a separate species by Erichson, is characterized by having the anterior
tibia more regularly and less sharply toothed, and the entire base of
the antenne red; some of the teeth in the type form almost invariably
point downwards towards apex, while in M. planiusculus they stand out
at right angles to the tibia, and are smaller and blunter; the colour of
the base of the antenne is not a very reliable character.
There is a specimen in Dr. Power’s collection, taken at Birch Wood
in 1865, that agrees well with types of this variety sent to me by
Reitter.
Mi. lugubris, Sturm. Oval, rather convex, deep shining black,
closely and finely punctured with the punctuation of elytra somewhat
plainer; on both thorax and elytra there are slight traces of cross
striation between the punctures, which are plainer on sides of thorax ;
pubeseenee scanty, greyish ; antenne pitehy-brown with second joint
reddish, and the club black ; thorax about one-third broader than long,
somewhat contracted in front ; legs black, anterior tibiae pitchy-brown
with two short outstanding teeth separated by two or more small teeth ;
forehead excised with a small sharp projection in the centre of the
emargination ; metasternum of male depressed behind with a strong
longitudinal cariniform projection on the front of the depression ; last
abdominal segment of male with a little raised keel before its extremity,
and behind this a smooth depressed space ; anterior tarsi of male strongly
dilated.
There is a small variety of this species, which, according to Brisout,
has less strong and deep punetuation, and in which the keel on the last
abdominal segment of the male is often deeply divided so as to present
the appearance of two sharp tubercles placed side by side. L. 11-
2 mm.
V. gagathinus, Er. This species of Erichson’s is evidently nothing
more than a variety of M. lugubris ; it is larger and more convex, with
darker pubescence, and has the anterior tibize more finely denticulate,
but is not really specifically distinct. LL. 23 mm.
On Thymus serpyllum, Mentha, Helianthemum, Origanum, &c.; occasionally in
moss, in winter; very local; London district, not uncommon, Mickleham, Caterham,
Shirley, Claygate, Coombe Wood, Esher, Bearstead, Buckland Hill, Chertsey, Chatham,
Sheerness, Maidstone, &c. ; Kingsdown ; Amberley ; it is apparently only found in the
south-eastern counties.
M™M. obscurus, Er. (distinctus, W. C., nec Sturm : palmatus, Er., ).
Rather broader and more oblong than M. erythropus, which it much
resembles; dul! black, leaden, with distinct cross reticulation between
punctures ; punctuation thick and close ; pubescence thick, greyish or
256 CLAVICORNIA. [ Melivethes.
brownish ; antenne black, with the first or first two joints brown-red ;
thorax about a third broader than long; front legs brown, posterior
pairs black, anterior tibia armed with two short prominent teeth,
separated by two or more smaller teeth.. The male has the anterior
tarsi extraordinarily developed, and often lighter in colour ; it is the
M. palmatus of Erichson, and for a long time has stood under that name
in British collections, L. 13-2 mm.
On Mentha aquatica, Cynoglossum officinale, Teucrium scorodonia, Linaria
vulgaris, Helianthemum vulgare, &c.; locally common; London district, rather
common and generally distributed; Amberley; Southsea; Hastings; Niton, Isle
of Wight; Clevedon, Somerset (abundant, Sept. 1886); Llangollen; Central Wales,
Devil’s Bridge, Llantihangel, Borth, &¢.; I know of no record from the mid-
land counties ; Northumberland and Durham district, rare; Scotland, rare, Forth
district.
The M. distinctus of Waterhouse’s and other British catalogues must
be referred to this species; the true AZ. distinctus, Sturm, has not been
found in Britain; it appears to be very closely allied to M. obscurus,
but differs in having the anterior margin of the forehead emarginate,
and in the fact that it has no cross reticulation between the punctures
of the upper side.
M.erythropus, Gyll. (carinulatus, Forst.), A small species, variable
in size; rather long oval, leaden black; punctuation thick and fine ;
pubescence grey, fine and rather dense; upper surface with distinct
cross reticulation between punctures; antennae brown-red, sometimes
rather dark, sometimes quite light; thorax about a third broader than
long ; legs lighter or darker red or ferruginous, hinder pairs often pitchy,
anterior tibia armed with two short prominent teeth separated by smaller
teeth ; male with a small transverse keel on the last abdominal segment ;
the species is closely allied to the preceding, but may be easily known
by its smaller and more oval form, emarginate forehead, lighter an-
tenne, and the male characters; some specimens are very small. IL.
1-12 mm.
On Helianthemum vulgare, Galeobdolon luteum, &c.; according to Brisout it
occurs on Papilionacee ; I have found it abundantly on Potentilla tormentilla ;
local; London district, not uncommon, Mickleham, Caterham, Shirley, Croydon,
Dulwich, Chertsey, Chatham, Sheppy, Darenth, Shiere, Guildford, Highgate, Eastry,
Bearstead, &c.; St. Leonards; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Exeter and Instow
(Devon) ; Repton; Lincoln, common in Langworth Wood, and sparingly on straw-
berry flowers in my garden; Chat Moss; Manchester district ; Northumberland and
Daven district ; Scotland, local, Forth and Clyde districts; Ireland, near Water-
ford.
M. bidentatus, Bris. Oval, rather broad and convex; leaden
black, with ashy pubescence ; legs blackish with anterior tibia ferru-
ginous ; anterior tibiz with two short prominent teeth separated by two
or more smaller teeth; very closely allied to M. erythropus, but separated
by its broader and more convex form, rather closer punctuation, thicker
Meligethes.} CLAVICORNIA. 257
tibia, and the fact that the male has the last abdominal segment fur-
nished with a very strong transverse keel, which is divided by a broad
semicircular excision into two divisions, each ending in a strong sharp
tooth. L. 12-2 mm.
Very rare; the species was introduced as British on two specimens in Mr,
Crotch’s collection ; these I have not seen, and cannot tell whether either of them
was a male; both the other two known specimens are females, one in Mr. Rye’s
collection, and the other taken by Mr. Champion at Caterham, of which he says
himself that it is ‘‘apparently referable to this species ;” as, except on the male
characters, the species is hardly distinct from JM. erythropus, it appears to require
further confirmation, although it probably occurs in Britain, and may be found
mixed with M. erythropus in collections.
IM. exilis, Sturm (nigrita, Luc.). Ovate, rather convex, shining
black, closely punctured, with very slight traces of cross striation between
punctures ; pubescence very fine ; antennz dark brown with black club ;
forehead emarginate with a very small tooth in the centre of emargina-
tion ; thorax rather long, only a quarter broader than long; legs very
dark, black or almost black, with the anterior tibiw pitchy; anterior
tibiz with three short but distinct outstanding teeth, one above and one
below the middle, and a third at apex, separated by smaller teeth.
Male with a small curved keel on the apex of the last abdominal seg-
ment. L. 14-1} mm.
Rare; Mr. Waterhouse once took a specimen in the court-yard of the British
Museum; Whitsand Bay, near Plymouth (J. J. Walker) ; Braunton Burrows, near
Instow, N. Devon, on Hehium rulgare (Mason) ; Tenby, 8. Wales, where I found it
rather commonly at the end of August or beginning of September, 1885, at Lydstep,
Penally Burrows, &c., always on Hieractum; Barmouth on Thrincia hirta (Lesser
Hawkbit) (Wollaston); Isle of Man (R. P. Murray) ; Scotland, very rare, Solway
district, Galloway (Sharp) ; according to Brisout it is found on Papiltonacee. It is
one of our smallest and most distinct species.
M. brevis, Sturm (Acanthogethes brevis, Reitter). Short, rather
broad, black, with a rather leaden reflection ; antennz red, club some-
times rather darker; forehead strongly emarginate ; thorax about half as
broad again as long, strongly rounded in front, slightly broader at base
than base of elytra, with strong punctuation ; elytra unicolorous, not so
strongly punctured as thorax; upper surface of both thorax and elytra
without cross reticulation between punctures ; legs red, sometimes quite
light, sometimes darker; anterior tibiz armed with regular distinct teeth
for at least two-thirds from apex, the centre ones being usually the most
prominent. L. 13-2 mm.
V. mutabilis, Rosenh. (M. pictus, Rye). Rather larger ; elytra with
a red spot on each, variable in extent. L. 2-2; mm.
On Helianthemum vulgare ; has only occurred in Britain at Scarborough, where it
has been taken in some numbers by Messrs. Lawson and Wilkinson, and at
Hartlepool, where it has recently been taken by Mr. Gardner; the type form is
rare; out of a series of forty examples that I have examined, only one or two show no
trace of a spot ; one of these, a small specimen in Dr. Power’s collection, is a good
VOL. III. 8
258 CLAVICORNIA. [ Meligethes.
example of the type form. The species is said also to be found on flowers of
Centaurea calcitrapa (the Star Thistle), a plant which is found occasionally in some of
the southern counties of England, but is uncommon.
IM. solidus, Sturm. Rather a large species; short oval, convex,
black, rather dull, unicolorous, closely and finely punctured, with plain
cross striation between the punctures; antenne short, black, with
basal joints reddish ; forehead strongly emarginate ; thorax about a
third broader than long, with sides slightly rounded, a little broader at
base than base of elytra; elytra punctured as thorax ; legs stout, reddish
or pitchy-brown, anterior tibiee with three or four strong serrate or
pectinate teeth at apex. L. 23 mm.
On Helianthemum vulgare, chiefly in chalky places; local, but not uncommon
where it occurs; Caterham, Mickleham, Kenley, Esher, Darenth, Birch Wood,
Bearstead, Shiere, Chatham, Dartford, Faversham, &c.; Amberley; Riddlesdown ;
Hastings; apparently it is confined to the south-eastern counties; according to
Brisout it occurs on Genista and Lotus.
This species is in size and shape very like M. wmbrosus, but is of a deeper
black colour and more convex, and the anterior tarsi are differently den-
ticulate ; the tarsal claws also are toothed at base,
CYCHRAMINA.
The species of this tribe are chiefly distinguished from the preceding
by the fact that the thorax covers the base of the elytra instead of
simply fitting closely to it, and by the more elongate and less compact
club; all the species are round or oval and convex; the elytra cover
nearly the whole of the abdomen, at most part of the pygidium being
exposed, and the prosternum is more or less prolonged at apex; there are
several genera which belong to the tribe or are closely allied to it, among
them Camptodes (containing about fifty species, chiefly from Central
and South America), Strongylus, Lasiodactylus, &c.; only one genus,
however, is represented in Britain.
CYCHRAMUS, Kugelann.
This genus contains half-a-dozen species, four of which are found in
Hurope, one in Algeria, and one in North America; two occur in Britain ;
these may easily be known by the wide thorax (which overlaps but
does not fit the base of the elytra), prominent eyes, loose dark 3-
jointed club of antennz, simple tibiw, and almost semicircular mentum.
I. Colour luteous or testaceous ; pubescence thick and fine ;
punctuation closer. . . » - + « © © + «© » -
II. Colour light ferruginous; pubescence more scanty and
coarser ; punctuation more diffuse and stronger . . . . C. FUNGICOLA, Heer.
C. LUTEUS, F.
€. luteus, F. Oval, almost round, convex, thickly and_ finely
Cychramus. | CLAVICORNIA. 259
punctured, clothed with thick and fine yellowish pubescence ; colour
testaceous or luteous without darker markings ; antennz with blackish
club; thorax behind about as broad as elytra, with sides strongly
rounded ; elytra with very narrow side margins; legs testaceous. L.
3—4 mm.
On flowers of white thorn in spring; also in decaying fungi; rather common and
generally distributed in the London and Southern districts ; very common in the
Midlands; rarer further north ; Northumberland district, rare; Scotland, in fungi,
eet a and probably other districts ; Ireland, near Dublin, and probably widely
istributed.
©. fungicola, Heer. Of a somewhat light ferruginous colour, with
a darker shade on each side of the elytra, which is more or less ill-defined,
and sometimes disappears altogether; pubescence longer and more
scanty and punctuation more diffuse and stronger than in C. luteus ; it
is also slightly longer in form, and rather more convex and shining
than the latter species. L. 3-4 mm.
In fungi, especially in autumn; occasionally by sweeping; not uncommon and
generally. distributed throughout England and Wales; Northumberland district,
common in fungiin woods ; Scotland, Solw ay and Moray, and probably other districts ;
it is most likely widely distributed in Ireland.
IPINA.
As we approach the end of the Nitidulids, we come upon certain
tribes whose position seems somewhat doubtful, but which afford an
easy transition from one family to the next; such tribes are the Ipina
and Rhizophagina, which lead into the Trogositide. Of the Ipina
there are three British genera—Cryptarcha, Ips, and Pityophagus ; the
latter of these three has usually been classed with Jps, but is now rightly
separated from it. Some authors insert the Cybocephalina between the
Cychramina and Ipina, but the 4-jointed tarsi and contractile body
of Cybocephalus point to a very different position. The Ipina are
characterized by having the labrum hidden, instead of free and visible
as in the preceding families; the antenne are 11-jointed, with a
somewhat loose 3-jointed club; the prosternum is strongly produced,
more so in Cryptarcha than in Jps; the mentum is very narrow,
usually oblong or trapezoidal ; the mandibles in Ips, especially in some
exotic species (e. g. Ips Japonica), are very large and strong; in Cryp-
tarcha they are slender and sickle-shaped ; the labial palpi « are short in
Cryptarcha, longer and less stout in Jps; the maxillary palpi are some-
what slender ; the membranous paraglosse in Jps are very conspicuous ;
the British genera may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Anterior coxal cavities open behind.
i. Thorax overlapping base of elytra; elytra entirely
covering abdomen ; body oval, upper surface pubescent. CRYPTARCHA, Shuck,
aD
260 CLAVICORNIA. . [ [pina.
ii. Thorax not overlapping base of elytra; pygidium ex-
posed ; body elongate, upper surface glabrous . . . Ips, /
II. Anterior coxal cavities narrowly closed behind; other
charactersasin Ips . . - . . « + - « « « « ~ PrryorpHacus, Shuck.
CRYPTARCHA, Shuckard.
This genus contains about twenty species, of which five occur in
Europe; the others have been described from Ceylon, Western Africa,
and North, Central, and South America (two of the latter having been
found in Chili); our two British species are very distinct ; this is not,
however, the case with some of the exotic species (e.g. C. camptodoides
and C. thalycroides), which, as their names imply, bear a close super-
ficial resemblance to ot'ner divisions of the Nitidulide.
I. Size larger; form broad oval; thorax dark, except extreme
margins of sides; club of antenne dark . . . . =. . . O.STRicata, F.
II. Size smaller; form long oval; thorax with margins broadly
testaceous ; antenne entirely reddish or reddish-brown. . . C. IMPERIALIS, F.
C.strigata, F. (lateralis, Sahlb.). Of rather broad oval form,
convex, thickly punctured, clothed with very fine pubescence, and with
very fine outstanding sete at the sides of elytra; colour dark, fuscous,
with the mouth, sides of thorax, and margins of elytra reddish, and two
irregularly formed dentate bands on elytra yellowish or reddish-yellow ;
antenne brownish-red with club dark ; thorax large, fully as broad
at base as base of elytra, base sinuate, not margined; legs red. L,
3-53 mm.
At sap and under bark of oaks, &., very often in connection with the burrows of
Cossus ligniperda ; not common ; Richmond Park, Coombe Wood, Shirley, Clandon
Common (Surrey), Westerham (Kent), Belvedere, Cobham Park ; Hastings; New
Forest; Southampton; Dean Forest; Knowle, near Birmingham; Colchester ;
Barmouth, in fungi; Bretby Wood, near Repton, by sweeping; Dunham Park,
Manchester.
C. imperialis, F. Of more elongate form, and not so convex as the
preceding species, and considerably smaller ; prevailing colour reddish-
testaceous ; vertex of head, disc of thorax, and two or three very irregu-
lar bands on elytra, dark ; antennze and legs red-brown ; it also differs
from C. strigata in having the outstanding sete on the sides of elytra
much more distinct. L. 3-4 mm.
Taken under the same circumstances as and often in company with the preceding,
but rarer; Clandon Conimon, Coombe Wood, and Cobham Park; Hastings ;
Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest; Southampton; Knowle; Dunham Park, Man-
chester.
IPS, Fabricius.
This genus, in its widest sense, contains about thirty species, which
are very widely distributed, but chiefly occur in the Northern Hemi-
Ips.] CLAVICORNIA. 261
sphere and in temperate or cold climates ; representatives, however, have
been described from South Africa, Mexico, and Chili; the species are
rather conspicuous insects, and are usually variegated with large reddish
or yellow spots on the elytra; they are found at sap or under bark.
The larva of Ips| quadripunctata is described by Perris, Larves des Coléopteres,
p. 43; it is almost linear, very little narrowed at the two extremities, of a yellowish-
white colour, somewhat coriaceous, with scarcely any pubescence ; the ninth segment
of the abdomen bears two short corneous cerci and a very short aual appendage ; the
larva is very probably parasitic on Hylurgus,
I. Body oblong, more or less convex; forehead
smooth between antenne.
i. Each elytron with two yellow spots, the one at
base formed of three confluent spots, the other
behind middle formed of two confluent spots,
which are occasionally separated . . . « . I. QUADRIGUTTATA, F.
ii. Hach elytron with two simple round or oval
reddish spots . . . . . . «+ + « « + « I. Quapripunorata, Heibdst.
If. Body elongate, flat, parallel-sided; forehead
with more or less distinct furrows between
Amine 6 5 Oo 6 6 6 60 6 0 oo 6 6 o JS Giopanrbas chummy aE IG
I. quadriguttata, F. Oblong, shining black, rather convex, elytra
coloured as above described; occasionally the whole five spots are
separate: this variety is the Nitédula 10-guttata, Oliv.; head large,
finely and sparingly punctured ; antenne reddish, with dark club; thorax
transverse, feebly narrowed in front, rather diffusely punctured; elytra with
punctuation a little closer than on disc of thorax, apex entirely rounded
in males, pointed at suture in females; the elytra show very weak
traces of longitudinal striw ; legs pitch-black with tarsi reddish. L.
3-5 mm.
At sap, and under bark of oak and other trees ; occasionally in fungi; local, but
not uncommon in several districts ; New Forest; Dean Forest ; Devon ; Buddon
Wood, Leicester ; Needwood, Burton-on-Trent; Sherwood Forest; Ripon; Man-
chester ; Northumberland district, rare; not recorded from Scotland ; the species
appears to be chiefly attached to the oak.
I. quadripunctata, Herbst. Larger, more convex, and more
strongly punctured than the preceding, and easily distinguished by the
two simple orange-red spots on each elytron ; the apex of the elytra is
entirely rounded in both sexes ; in the males, as a rule, the head is
large, and the thorax somewhat broader than the elytra, so that the whole
body appears sometimes to be gradually narrowed from the front parts to
the apex of elytra. L. 4-6 mm.
At sap and under bark of oak, fir, birch, and other trees; locally common; Wey-
bridge, Caterham, Walton-on-Thames, Mickleham, Sunbury, &c.; New Forest ;
Dean Forest; Needwood; Repton ; Chat Moss; Knutsford; Manchester, under oak
chips, where the trees have been recently cut down; Northumberland district, not
uncommon ; Scotland, scarce, Solway, Tweed, Clyde, ‘Tay, and Dee districts.
I. quadripustulata; L. Elongate, flat, parallel-sided, shining
262 CLAVICORNIA. [ Ips.
black ; each elytron with two orange-red spots, the one at base irregular,
the other behind middle simple, round or nearly round; punctuation
diffuse, closer on thorax than on elytra; elytra with traces of strie;
apex of elytra rounded in males, produced at suturein females ; antenne
pitchy, club darker, narrower than in the preceding species and not quite
so compact; legs pitch-black, with tarsi lighter; size very variable.
L. 3-6} mm,
Under bark and at sap of firs and other trees ; common in Scotland under bark of
Scotch fir both Lowlands and Highlands, Solway, Clyde, Tweed, Tay, Dee, and
Sloray districts, and probably general. Northumberland district, not rare; it is
apparently very rare further south, but has been recorded, perhaps in some cases in
error, from Leicester, Hertford, Windsor, Dover, Hastings, Devon, &c.
PITYOPHAGUS, Shuckard.
This genus has been separated from Jps on the ground that the
anterior coxal cavities are narrowly closed behind and not open; it also
differs in its narrow cylindrical form; three European species are con-
tained in the genus, of which one is found in Britain.
The larva of P.ferrugineus is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr., 1853,
p. 596, pl. 18, fig. 77--83; it is 8-9 mm. in length, linear and rather depressed,
with the head rather large, almost subquadrate, nearly as broad as thorax; the pre-
vailing colour is whitish with the thorax sometimes reddish, and the last abdominal
segment is ferruginous; the ubdomen terminates in two short corneons cerci anda
very small anal appendage: this larva is parasitic on Hylesinus, Hulastes, and
fiylobius ; the perfect insect lays its eggs in the borings made by these beetles, and
the larva when hatched apparently feeds upon the larvee of its hosts; the pupa is
white, with a few hairs ou vertex, and sides of thorax and abdomen.
©. ferrugineus, I, Elongate, convex, cylindrical, as a rule entirely
ferruginous, with head darker, but occasionally the apex of elytra is
dark ; head very thickly and rather strongly punctured ; thorax longer
than broad, very slightly narrowed behind, thickly and strongly
punctured; elytra moderately thickly punctured, more closely at
apex, with punctures almost arranged in rows; apices truncate, with
outer angles rounded ; legs rather stout, with tibize dilated towards apex.
L. 4-5 mm.
’ Under bark and at sap of freshly cut firs ; very local; Shirley, Esher, Weybridge,
Woking ; New Forest ; Bournemouth, plentiful (Kemp-Welch)}; Northumberland
and Durham district, common; Scotland, uncer bark of Scotch fir, not uncommon,
Solway, Tweed, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts; it most probably occurs in many in-
tervening districts, but 1 know of no Midland records for the species.
RHIZOPHAGINA.
The position of this tribe 1s one of considerable difficulty, and it is
almost certain that it will eventually have to be raised to the position of
a family; perhaps a further study of the exotic allied genera and
species (of which several yet remain undescribed) is necessary before this
Rhizophagina. | CLAVICORNIA. 263
is finally done, but at present the tribe certainly does not agree with
the Nitidulida by reason of the heteromerous tarsi of the male, nor
with the Trogositidx, because its members have the fourth tarsal jomt
the smallest, whereas the Trogositide have the first joint the
smallest; the antenne also present a great point of difference, con-
sisting to all intents and purposes of ten joints, with a solid club ; after
careful examination of a specimen soaked for a long time in caustic potash
and mounted in Canada balsam, I cannot discover any real suture in
the elub, and however far we may, like Erichson, Thomson, and others,
consider the ridges, which are apparent externally, as representing the
obsolete eleventh joint of the antenne, yet the club is really 1-jointed
and solid ; besides the extensive genus Rhizophagus, only three or four
small exotic genera (Hurops, Mimema, and Crine) are contained in
the tribe, but the number will in all probability be considerably
increased; several forms yet remain to be worked out in the exten-
sive series of Nitidulids collected by Mr. Champion in Central
America; one or two of these allied genera have the club distinctly
2-jointed.,
RHIZOPHAGUS, Herbst.
Upwards of forty species are comprised in this genus, which are
almost entirely confined to temperate and cold climates ; two or three
have been described from Tahiti, Cuba, Ceylon, &c. ; they are elongate,
more or less depressed insects, and are found under bark and at sap ;
there are sixteen European species, of which ten are found in Britain.
The larva of 2.’ depressus is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr., 1853,
p. 599, pl. 18, fig. 84—92 ; it is 6 mm. in length, rather depressed, and almost linear,
except that the head is narrower than/the prothorax ; the head and prothorax are reddish,
the base of the latter being whitish, and all the succeeding segments, except the last,
are reddish for their basal half, and whitish for their apical half; the head is long,
almost elliptical, with two long impressions ; the prothorax is much longer than the
meso- or metathorax, and is rounded and narrowed in front; the last segment is
entirely ferrugivous, and is furnished on its upper surface with two distinct tubercles 5
this segment behind is divided into two lobes, each of which terminates in three
strong teeth ; on the under-side is a small anal appendage, which is used, as in other
allied species, for progression ; this larva preys upon the larvae of Hylesinus, and
probably other wood-boring beetles. The larvee of many of the Nitidulidee and other
families which frequent trees are of very great benefit to the forester; for, as
M. Perris remarks, they are of great service in keeping within bounds the multiplica-
tion of some of the insects that are most destructive to various forest trees.
‘The pupa of Rkizophagus depressus is rather long and narrow, of a white colour,
and furnished on vertex and at sides with long silky hairs ; it does uot, however, present
any striking peculiarity.
Other larve of various species of Rhizophagus have been discovered,
but they do not differ much from the one first described, except as
regards the arrangement of the teeth at the end of the lobes of the
last abdominal segment.
I. Antenne with club truncate. . . . . . . ~- RB, CRIBRATUS, Gyll.
IJ. Antennze with club rounded at apex.
964 CLAVICORNIA, [ Rhizophagus.
i. Colour testaccous or ferruginous, sometimes with
indications of a darker shade on dise of thorax
and elytra.
1. Punctuation of thorax close and fine . . . . KR. DEPRESSUS, F.
2. Punctuation of thorax more or less coarse, but
varying in degree.
A. Elytra depressed.
a, Striz on elytra finely punctured ; jee
length3 mm. . . ae Pee ; R. PERFORATUS, Fr.
b. Striae on elytra coar cely punctured ; ; average
length4mm. . . » - «© « «) . AK. PARATTELOCOLLIS, Lr.
B. Elytra convex, cylindrical . : ; R. FERRUGINEUS, Payk.
. Prevailing colour pitehy or blackish, ; base and : apex
of elytra to a greater or less extent light.
1. Last segment of abdomen with a plain impres-
sion in both sexes, terminated on each side by a
Sinei il jerannenc> 6 Go ¢ 6 6 ao 4 6 56 Je NamMMOae OS JI
2. Last segment of abdomen simple . . . . . KR. DIsParR, Gyll.
iii. Flytra black or brownish-black, with a plainly
defined yellow spot on each a little before apex. . KR. BrpusTuLatus, F.
iv. Colour unicolorous black . . . eee) Lk PORUMUSS ELeLaws
. Elytra blue or Lluish-green; head, thorax, and
ae nite shining black . . . .. =. . - © R. C@RULEIPENNIS, Sahib.
R. cribratus, Gyll. Of a dark ferruginous colour, depressed, rather
shining ; head rather shorter than in most of the other species, thickly and
strongly punctured, antenne with the club truncate, a character which
will at once distinguish the species; thorax about as long as_ broad,
eradually narrowed behind, very coarsely and diffusely punctured ; elytra
somewhat widened in the middle with rows of strong punctures; under-
side of head and sides of body strongly punctured. L. 32 mm.
Under bark and at roots of trees, especially oaks; not common; Weybridge, Esher,
Richmond Park, Reigate, Tilgate Forest, Birch Wood, Dulwich, New Forest ; Mount
Edgecumbe, Plymouth (Wollaston); Knowle; Robin’s Wood, Repton; Sherwood
Forest ; Studley Park, Ripon, in fungus (Waterhouse); Scarborough; Stretford ;
on decayed roots of lime trees, Withington Common, near Manchester (Chappell) ;
Hartlepool ; Northumberland district, rare, Houshel and Hartford Bridge; Scotland,
very rare, Solway district; it is not recorded in Dr. Sharp’s list, but I have lately
received a specimen taken by Mr. W. D. R. Douglas at Orchardton near Castle
Douglas under fir bark ; Ireland, Galway, locally common, and Westport (co. Mayo)
(J. J. Walker).
®. depressus, F. Light rust-red, with suture of elytra usually
darker ; body depressed ; head of male large, about as broad as thorax,
of female narrower; thorax longer than broad, widest in front, thickly
and very finely punctured ; elytra with very finely punctured striz, first
interstice with a row of widely separated fine punctures (which is found
also in other species), second interstice widened and irregularly punctured
at base. L. 2-4 mm.
Under bark of oak, fir, &e.; somewhat local, but not uncommon, and apparently
generally distributed thrcughout the greater part of the kingdom.
R. perforatus, Er. Of a light rust-red or testaccous colour with the
Rhizophagus. | CLAVICORNIA. 265
disc of thorax sometimes darker ; thorax longer than broad, widest in front,
very slightly contracted behind, with anterior angles very plainly marked,
with coarse and diffuse punctuation ; club of antennz oval; elytra de-
pressed, parallel to middle and thence gradually narrowed, with rather
weak and comparatively finely punctured striz ; the species may be easily
distinguished from &. depressus, which at first sight it much resembles,
by the much coarser punctuation of the thorax, and from 2. parallelocollis
and R&R. ferrugineus by its average smaller size, and the more finely and
less closely punctured striz of elytra; the thorax, moreover, is not quite
as closely punctured on disc as in these two species. L. 3 mm.
Under bark, at sap, &c. ; not common; Chatham, Sheerness, Darenth, Mickleham,
Shirley, Esher, Farnham, Purley, &c.; Ipswich; St. Peter’s, Kent (in decaying pota-
toes, one specimen, T. Wood); Hastings; Weymouth; New Forest; Portland;
Devon; Salford Priors; Bewdley ; Sutton Park, Birmingham; Church Stretton ;
Buddon Wood, Leicvstershire ; Sherwood Forest ; Scotland, rare, amongst old wood,
Solway district only ; Ireland, Galway (J. J. Walker).
R. parallelocollis, Er. Larger on the average than the preceding,
and as a rule of a darker ferruginous colour, with the dise of thorax and
hinder half of elytra very often clouded with blackish-brown; head
nearly as broad as thorax; thorax longer than broad, widest in front,
very slightly narrowed behind, coarsely punctured ; elytra depressed,
especially in the middle, with rather strong plainly punctured striae ; the
species most closely resembles R. ferrugineus, from which it may be
known by its more depressed form and larger head; occasionally
specimens are found which are coloured almost like R. dispar ; the latter
species, however, is less depressed and narrower, and has the thorax
evidently longer and less coarsely punctured. L. 3-4 mm.
Under bark, at sap, in fungi, &e. ; local; Darenth Wood, Mickleham, Forest Hill,
Hsher, Shirley, Chatham ; Regent’s Park, in a tree infested by Cossus ; Dean Forest ;
Sherwood Forest ; the late Archdeacon Hey once found it in numbers in a cemetery
near York in a fungus (Copris comatus) in company with Atomaria fimetarii ;
Northumberland and Durham district, not rare, on the walls and tombstones of grave-
yards ; Scotland, rare, Solway district. It has lately been recorded as abundant in
France in coffins in grave-yards, buried at some depth below the ground.
R. ferrugineus, Payk. Rather dark ferruginous, unicolorous ; head
small, considerably narrower than thorax; thorax longer than broad,
scarcely narrowed behind, very strongly punctured; elytra convex,
cylindrical, with strong and strongly punctured striz ; under-side deeply
punctured, especially at sides; the species may be known by its some-
what narrow head, and convex cylindrical elytra, which are evidently
more strongly striated and punctured than in the allied species. L. 34-
4> mm. ;
Under bark and at sap of freshly cut firs, &e.; somewhat local, but widely dis-
tributed throughout England; Scotland, common, Solway, Tay, Dee, Moray, and pro-
bably other districts ; Ireland, near Dublin ; it also occurs under bark of oak near the
burrows of Cossus ligniperda.
BR. nitidulus, F. Elongate, subcylindrical, head and thorax
266 CLAVICORNIA. [ Rhizophagus.
brownish-red with disc of latter darker, elytra brownish-red or blackish
with extreme side margins, apex, and basal fourth part red, the colour,
however, being somewhat variable in extent; head large, especially in
male, eyes prominent ; thorax considerably longer than broad, more so in
the male than the female, plainly punctured on disc, more finely at sides ;
elytra with distinctly and regularly punctured striz, sutural stria deeply
impressed behind middle; antennze and legs ferruginous ; last segment
of abdomen with a distinct impression, terminated on each side by a
small raised prominence. L. 23-42 mm.
Under bark, at sap, &c.; rare; Sutton Park, Birmingham; Hopwas Wood, Tam-
worth ; Cannock Chase; Needwood; Matlock ; Sherwood Forest ; Scotland, R mnoch
(Power and Champion). Mr. W. G. Blatch has been more successful in finding this
rare insect than any other British entomologist.*
R. dispar, Gyll. Closely resembling the preceding species in colour,
but smaller, and rather flatter, and with ‘the colour rather more variable :
head large, especially in male, eyes prominent ; thorax evidently longer
than broad, more so in the male than in the female, finely punctured at
sides, more plainly on disc; elytra with plainly punctured striz, sutural
stria strongly deepened, esp2cially behind; antennze and legs ferruginous ;
last segment of abdomen simple in both sexes; size as in the preceding
species very variable. L. 2-4 mm.
Not uncommon at sappy bark of pines, poplars, &e., in the Midlands and North of
England, and in Scotland and Ireland; it does not, however, apparently occur in the
London district or the South; in Scotland it is sometimes found in profusion under the
bark of conifers; it is occasionally found in fungi on decayed trees,
R. bipustulatus, F. (longicollis, Gyll., 9). Rather flat, pitchy-
black or brownish-black, with a plainly defined yellowish-red spot on each
elytron a little before apex ; the shoulders also are often slightly reddish ;
head in both sexes somewhat narrower than thorax, thickly and some-
what finely punctured ; thorax not much longer than broad, with sides and
anterior and posterior angles slightly rounded, distinctly and not very
closely punctured ; elytra with plainly and regularly punctured stric,
sutural stria deepened behind ; antenne and legs ferruginous; size and
colour very variable. L. 2-3} mm.
Under bark, at sap, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout the king-
dom.
This species varies very much in colour, some specimens being lhght
pitchy-brown, and others testaceous ; the former may easily be distin-
guished, as the two spots on the elytra are always distinct, if the ground
colour is at all darker; pale immature examples, however, may sometimes
be confused with &. perforatus, but the rounded sides and angles of
thorax, which is also more closely and less strongly punctured, and the
more plainly punctured striz of elytra will serve to distinguish them.
* Mr. Horner and Mr. Blatch bave recently taken a species allied to 2. nitidulus in
Sherwood Forest, which appears to be undescribed.
Rhizophagus. | CLAVICORNIA. 267
R. politus, Hellw. Oblong, rather broad and flat ; colour unicolor-
ous black, shining ; head rather large, strongly impressed, finely punctured,
the punctuation being diffuse in front and close behind ; thorax subquad-
rate, as long as broad, diffusely and finely punctured, witha space between
centre and base smooth; elytra with plainly punctured strie, which
become evanescent towards sides and apex ; antennew and legs ferru-
ginous. L. 3-4 mm.
Under bark of pines, and occasionally other trees; rare; Lee, Kent, one specimen by
sweeping (Douglas); New Forest (Champion); Tintern and Rooke, Monmouthshire ;
Hartlebury, Bewdley, and Salford Priors (Blatch); Sherwood Forest (Blatch and
Gorham) ; Stretford, near Manchester (Hardy and Reston) ; Scotland, Aviemore
(Champion).
R. coeruleipennis, Sahlb. (ceneus, Richt.; ceruleus, Waltl.). Rather
short and broad ; head shining black, narrower than thorax, somewhat
finely punctured, antennee reddish with black club; thorax black, not
longer than broad, narrower than elytra, with anterior and posterior
angles rounded, rather finely and thickly punctured ; elytra blue or
bluish-green, metallic, with fine punctured striz, sutural stria deepened
behind ; legs ferruginous with femora brownish ; under-side lighter or
darker reddish-brown. L. 3 mm.
One of the rarest of our British beetles ; three specimens have occurred in or near
the Lover’s Walk at Matlock, Derbyshire; they were taken by Mr. Matthews, Mr.
Garneys, and Mr. Crotch ; the specimen obtained by the last-named gentleman flew
from his beard on to the window after he had returned to the hotel; one specimen has
also been recorded as taken by Mr. Taylor at Crosby, near Liverpool.
TROGOSITIDZ.
In the Munich catalogue nineteen genera and one hundred and forty-
four species are enumerated as belonging to this family, and these have
since been added to; only seven genera represented by fourteen species
are found in Europe,and three genera containing one species each in
Britain ; we need not, therefore, discuss at any length the position of
the family, which has by many authors been included under the Niti-
dulidz ; Lacordaire, however, appears to be right in separating them
from this latter family on the ground of the structure of the maxille and
tarsi; in the Nitidulide these latter are usually 5-jointed, with the
fourth joint very small; in the Trogositide they are 5-jointed, with the
first joint very short, the second to the fourth moderate, and the last
joint very long.
Our three genera belong to two very distinct tribes, which may be
distinguished as follows :—
I. Form elongate without flattened margins . . . . . . . TROGOSITINA.
Il. Form oval or rounded, very convex, with distinct flattened
THATS: (fake Week ee Say eae ee oles) Mey GG eres ys 8a. ore tee LTE NAR
268 OLAVICORNIA. [ Trogositina,
TROGOSITINA.
This tribe contains two British genera; the species are elongate, but
differ very much in appearance, Tenebrioides being rather broad and flat,
and MNemosoma very long and narrow and cylindrical ; they are charac-
terized by having the clypeus trisinuate or emarginate in front, and by
having the anterior coxx entirely enclosed ; the antennie in our species
are 11-jointed, and the last three joints form a more or less distinct
club.
I. Form very narrow and cylindrical; eyes rounded . . . Nemosoma, Latr.
II. Form elongate-oblong; eyes transverse. . . . . . » TENEBRIO[DES, Pill.
NEMOSOMA, Latreille.
This genus contains a few species which are found in Europe and
North America ; they occur in wood, and appear to be parasitic on species
of Hylesinus, &e.
The larva of WV. elongatum is fully described by Erichson (Naturgesichte der Ins.
Deutsch. iii, 239),and is also described and figured by Westwood (Classif. i. 146,
fig. 12, 2); it is closely allied to that of Tenebrioides, but is longer, thinner, and
more cylindrical, with less long and less numerous hairs; according to Westwood
this larva has a very quick motion when excited, and when touched throws itself
into various attitudes like a small Staphylinus; unless excited its movements are slow
like the imago; the head is flat, and in walking it is constantly in motion from side
to side, or upwards and downwards; the larva by means of an anal proleg is able to
move backwards or forwards,
N. elongatum, L. Shining black, with the basal third (or occa-
sionally half) of elytra and a patch before apex of the same reddish-
testaceous ; this patch varies in size, and is sometimes obsolete ; form
very narrow, elongate, cylindrical, parallel-sided ; head as long as thorax,
with rather long distinct punctures, and a deep frontal furrow, antennz
reddish-testaceous with distinct 3-joited club; thorax much longer
than broad, slightly narrowed behind, finely and diffusely punctured ;
elytra two and a half times as long as thorax, finely punctured almost
in rows, with a fine impressed line near suture ; legs reddish-testaceous.
L. 4 mm.
Under bark in company with Hylestnus vittatus, on which it is parasitic—especially
in old palings; of very rare occurrence, but sometimes locally common; Darenth
Wood (Stephens) ; Sydenham (Ingall and Westwood, 1833 ; Power, 1852) ; Cheshire,
Meare ve and Compton Wynniat (Power) ; Warwickshire; Beeston, Notts (Side-
bothain).
TENEBRIOIDES, Piller.
About fifty species are contained in this genus, which are widely
distributed, occurring in both tropical and temperate regions ; of those
at present known a very large proportion appears to come from North
America ; one species only is found in Europe, which has been dis-
Tenebrioicdes. | CLAVICORNIA. 269
tributed by commerce over a great portion of the world; it has usually
been referred to Trogosita, Ol., but as the type of Olivier’s genus appears
to be Temnochila cerulea, the latter insect is now referred to Trogosita,
and the name Tenebrioides is substituted for the old genus Trogosita.
The larva of Z. maurittanicus is fully described by Erichson (Naturgesichte der
Ins. Deutsch. iii., p. 243), and is also described and figured by Westwood, Classif.
i. 147; it is rather long and cylindrical, narrowed towards the head, and furnished
with long sete at sides; the head is small, pitchy, with short antenne; the pro-
thorax has a rather broad dark scutum (which appears sometimes at all events to be
divided), and the meso- and metathorax are both furnished with two small pitchy
scuta, one on each side; the last abdominal segment is pitchy, and bears two rather
strong conical spines; the general colour is dirty white.
This larva feeds upon stored grain, and sometimes does a very serious
amount of damage in granaries ; it also attacks bread, nuts, and almonds,
and sometimes is found in dead trees; according to Curtis it is very
destructive in the South of France (where it is called “ Cadelle ”), as it
eats the outside of the grain, and passing from one to another injures
more than it consumes.
T. mauritanicus, L. (caraboides, F.). Black or pitchy-black,
sometimes pitchy-red, oblong, depressed ; head narrower than thorax,
rather sparingly and strongly punctured; antennze with a 38-jointed,
but not very strongly marked, club; thorax transverse, narrowed behind,
strongly margined, anterior angles considerably projecting, posterior
angles right angles forming a tooth, disc more sparingly, sides rather
more thickly, punctured ; scutellum impunctate ; elytra with sides slightly
rounded, with distinct striz, which are rather obsoletely punctured,
interstices finely punctured and irregularly striated transversely ; legs
ferruginous. L. 6-10 mm.
In warehouses, bakers’ shops, granaries, &c.; not uncommon and generally dis-
tributed throughout the kingdom; an imported species,
PELTINA.
The insects belonging to this tribe are oval or round and very
convex, with a flattened margin ; in our single genus Thymalus and also
in Peltis the anterior coxal cavities are open behind; Z. lémbatus
closely resembles a Cussida in general appearance, and at first sight
appears to be as different from Memosoma as any insect could well be.
THYMALUS, Laireille.
_ This genus contains one species from North America, and one which
is somewhat widely distributed in Europe.
The larva of 7. limbatus is described and figured by Chapuis and Candeéze (Les
Larves des Coléoptéres, p. 77, pl. ii., fig. 6) ; it is rather broad and stout, 9-10 mm.
270 CLAVICORNIA. [ Thymatlus.
in length, whitish with the scutum of prothorax (which is almost entire) and the last
segment of abdomen blackish-brown; the upper surface is very uneven, and the sides
are furnished with sete; the greatest breadth is at the sixth or seventh segment of
abdomen ; the antennz are 4- jointed, exceedingly short, and the legs are not visible
from above ; ; the last abdominal segment terminates in two short. stout cerci; the
larva lives under bark, and transforms itself into a pupa about April; it does not
appear to be certain whether it is carnivorous or not.
TY, limbatus, F. Oblong-orbicular, upper surface dark metallic red-
dish-bronze, very shining, with flat explanate margins which are clear
red, under-side reddish-brown ; the whole upper-side is clothed with
thick upright yellowish hairs; head small, antenne rather slender with
strongly marked 8-jointed club ; thorax almost semicircular, upper surface
thickly and distinctly punctured ; elytra very convex, with shoulders
rather plainly marked, punctured very coarsely in not very regular rows,
interstices very finely punctured ; legs red. L. 53-6 mm.
Under bark; very local and as a rule not common; Westerham, Kent (Stephens) ;
Hastings (Bennett) ; New Forest (not uacommon, both in standing ‘dead trees and
in fallen branches); Wales (Dillwyn); Dean Forest; Cannock Chase ; Sherwood
Forest; Leeds district ; Northumberland district, very rare, Ravensworth (Hardy).
MONOTOMIDZ.
This family has been regarded by some authors as a tribe of the
Lathridiide or of the Cucujide ; it appears, however, to be the best
plan to regard it as distinct, as both in the formation of the antenne
and in other characters it presents considerable points of difference from
either of these families ; the species are elongate, more or less depressed,
usually dull, with the thorax crenulate at the sides, and the elytra not
covering the pygidium ; the antenne are inserted under the sides of the
front, and are 10-jointed, or obsoletely 11-jointed, with the club solid
or obsoletely biarticulate ; the head is large, and the mandibles short
and robust ; the anterior coxal cavities are bro adly closed behind ; the
abdomen is ‘composed of five free ventral segments, of which the first and
fifth are longer; as in some of the Nitidulide the males-have a small
extra dorsal “segment 5 ; the tarsi are 3-jointed, the third joint being elon-
gate, and the first two being clothed beneath with long hairs ; the claws
are simple.
The family contains a few genera, the chief of which is Monotoma ;
the species are small and, as a rule, obscure-looking insects, and aro
found among rubbish, under bark, in ants’ nests, &e.
MONOTONMA, Herbst.
This genus contains about thirty or forty species, which are chiefly
confined to the northern and temperate regions of the Old and New
Worlds; species have, however, been described from the Canary Islands,
Monotoma. | CLAVICORNIA. 271
Ceylon, &c.; they are small, elongate insects, as a rule dull with sc:
brous sculpture, and may further be recognized by their more or ica
quadrate thorax, of which the anterior angles are more or less callose or
prominent ; there are nine British species, which are all very distinct,
but the differences are in many cases comparative, and hard to express in
words ; they are very slow in their movements, and occur for the most
part in vegetable refuse, hot-beds, &c.; two of them, however, are found
exclusively in ants’ nests.
I. Upper surface more or less coarsely scabrous.
i. Colour, at least of head and thorax, more or less
pitchy-black or pitchy-brown.
1. Head oblong, not much narrowed before eyes,
which are small; habitat in ants’ nests. (Gy-
rocecis, Thoms.)
A. Thorax much longer than broad . . . . M. conrtctconits, Aube.
B. Thorax not much longer than broad. . . M. FoRMIcETORUM, Thoms.
2. Head triangular, much narrowed in front of
eyes, which are larger; habitat in vegetable
refuse, &e. (Monotoma, i. sp.)
A. Sculpture of upper surface very coarse ;
thorax considerably narrowed in front; elytra
short, almost ovate; impressions on forehead
notmarked ... . ge . . » M. sprnicountis, Aube.
B. Sculpture of upper sur face coarse ; thorax
quadrate with sides straight and parallel ;
elytra longer and more parallel ; ; lmpressions
on forehead nob marked % “5 75°. . M. BREVICOLLIS, Audbé.
C. Sculpture of upper surface coarse or “mode-
rately coarse ; thorax subquadrate with sides
slightly but evidently contracted in front ;
elytra variable, elongate-ovate ; impressions
on forehead very strongly marked. . . . M. Picipes, Herbst.
D, Sculpture of upper surface moderate ;
thorax subquadrate with sides straight and
parallel ; elytra elongate, parallel, scarcely
wider than thorax; impressions on fore-
headiabsentia es) bese lene. en ee VL QUAD RICOMLIS, Aro es
ii. Colour rufous; form parallel; thorax quadrate
with sides parallel; forehead with strong im-
pressions. . . M. Rnura, Redé.
IJ. Head and thorax finely scabrous, “elytra scarcely
scabrous ; head oblong, colourrufous . .. . . M. SUB-4-FOVEOLATA, Wat.
DLE Upper surface shining, not scabrous ; form small .
and linear; colourdark ...... . . . M. LONGICOLLIS, Gyll.
WM. conicicollis, Aubé (angusticollis, auct. ; Gyrocecis angusticollis,
Thoms.). Elongate, dull pitchy-brown or fuscous, upper surface, espe-
cially of head and thorax, very scabrous; head large, elongate, sub-
oblong, with forehead not foveolate, eyes small ; antenne ferruginous ;
thorax much longer than broad, narrowed in ‘front, conical, with the
anterior angles projecting i ina lobe, and the sides strongly serrate, with
two distinct fovez towards base ; elytra with rugose strie, and with the
272 CLAVICORNIA. [ Monotoma.
interstices furnished with rows of short sets ; pygidium exposed ; legs
1ather short, ferruginous. L. 2-25 mm.
Male with the thorax more narrowed in front and the anterior angles
more strongly produced, and with all the tibize curved and produced into
a spine at apex.
In nests of Formica rufa; local, but not uncommon where it occurs; Esher;
Plumstead; Chatham; Tilgate Forest ; Hastings; Parkhurst Forest, Isle of Wight;
Glanvilles Wootton ; Devon; Bewdley Forest ; Buddon Wood, Leicestershire ; York ;
Scarborough ; not recorded from the extreme northern counties of Hugland ; Scot-
land, rare, Dee and Moray districts.
IM. formicetorum, Thoms. (angusticollis, auct.; Gyrocecis formi-
cetorum, Thoms.). Very like the preceding, but at once distinguished
by its shorter thorax which is much less narrowed in front, and by its
shorter and proportionally broader head and larger and more prominent
eyes; the elytra also are broader, especially at apex; the tibic are not
curved, and do not terminate in a spine in the male. L. 2-25 mm.
In nests of Formica rufa, and sometimes in company with the preceding ; it is,
however, more local and less common; Hampstead’; Hsher; Plumstead; Chatham ;
Tilgate Forest ; Hastings; Parkhurst Forest, Isle of Wight; Buddon Wood, Leices-
tershire; York; it does not occur, apparently, in the extreme northern counties of
England, or in Scotland.
As the name angusticollis, Gyll., has been applied by different authors
to both species, and Gyllenhal’s description (Ins. Suec. iv., p. 634) will
fit either insect, it seems best for convenience sake to drop it altogether ;
in all probability Gyllenhal described the two species as one; the M.
angusticollis, Gyll., of Sharp’s catalogue must be referred to IM. coniev-
collis, but the M. angusticollis, Gyll., of the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter,
and Weise, is Thomson’s IZ. formicetoruin.
IM. spinicollis, Aubé (spinigera, Chaud.). Pitchy-black, elytra
usually somewhat lighter, with reddish shoulders; head large, tri-
angular, rather strongly narrowed before eyes which are prominent; an-
tenn moderately long, ferruginous; thorax not much longer than
broad, with sides rounded and somewhat dilated behind and evidently
narrowed in front, anterior angles sharply produced, strongly sculptured,
the sculpture being composed of large round variolose impressions with
more or less raised intervals, dise with two depressions towards base ;
elytra short and broad, somewhat ovate, rather shining, with very coarse
but rather shallow rugose sculpture; legs ferruginous. L. 2 mm.
Male with the anterior tibis rather strongly curved and feebly emar-
ginate towards apex, terminating in a short and not very evident spine.
In cut grass, hot-beds, haystack refuse, &e.; not common; Ealing, Wimbledon,
Forest Hill, Darenth Wood, Chatham, Cowley, Maidstone, Croydon, Peckham,
Shirley, Bishops Wood; Kingsgate; Glanvilles Wootton; Edgbaston; Knowle;
Repton, near Burton-on-Trent.
Monotoma. } CLAVICORNIA, 273
The sculpture of this species will easily separate it from all the others,
_M. brevicollis, Aubé. Of much the same colour as the preceding,
but much duller, and with the front parts more scabrous ; it is, moreover,
easily distinguished by its shape which is more parallel, the elytra being
narrower in proportion to the thorax, and much less ovate; their sculp-
ture, too, is less coarse and more distinct, consisting of recular rows of
asperate punctures; the species, however, is best known by the shape
ef the thorax which is almost quadrate with the sides quite or almost
parallel, and the anterior angles only slightly and bluntly produced, the
posterior ones being also evidently produced and callose ; the male
characters are much as in the preceding. L. 12-2 mm.
In haystack refuse, cut grass, &c. ; rare ; Gravesend, Sheerness, Claygate, Forest
Hill, Darenth Wood, Maidstone, Peckham, Shirley ; Cheddar, Somerset ; Repton ;
Wallasey, Cheshire.
NM. picipes, Herbst. Pitchy-black, or brown, sometimes with
elytra reddish; as a rule it is a little more shining than JZ. brevicollis,
but duller than J. spznicollis; from the former of these species it
may moreover be distinguished by its proportionally longer, narrower,
and less quadrate thorax, of which the anterior angles are more pro-
duced, while from the latter it may be separated by having the thorax
less contracted in front, with the anterior angles less sharply produced,
as well as by its narrower elytra and less coarse sculpture; from both
these species, and also from M. guadricollis, it may be known by the
very pronounced foveze or impressions on the forehead. L. 14-2 mm.
In the male the anterior tibiz are slightly sinuate and curved at apex
on their interior margin.
In haystack and other refuse ; occasionally by sweeping; generally distributed and
common. throughout the Southern and Midland districts of England, but rarer
further north ; Scotland, scarce, Solway, Forth, and probably other districts ; Ireland,
Dublin and Waterford.
M. quadricollis, Aubé. Blackish or reddish-brown, with elytra
sometimes lighter than thorax; smaller and narrower on the average
than the preceding species, and somewhat linear and parallel-sided; head
and thorax closely sculptured, the former without impressions on fore-
head, the latter subquadrate, with sides straight and almost parallel,
anterior angles bluntly prominent, posterior angles scarcely prominent,
sides hardly visibly crenulate ; elytra only slightly broader than thorax,
rather long, with rows of asperate punctures. L. 15 mm.
Male with the anterior tibize sinuate before apex.
In haystack refuse, dung-heaps, &c.; not uncommon; London district, generally
distributed ; St. Peter’s, Kent ; Hastings; Cheddar, Somerset ; Wicken Fen; Edg-
baston ; Knowle; Repton; not recorded from further north than Derbyshire : Murray
records it from near Edinburgh and Glasgow, but Dr. Sharp doubts whether the
determination is correct; it is probably much more widely distributed than is
generally supposed, and it often appears to be confused with M. picipes by collectors,
from which it may at once be known by its even forehead, which is without the
depressions so distinct in this latter species.
VOL, III. 7
274 CLAVICORNIA. [ Monotoma.
IM. rufa, Redt. (quadriimpressa, Mots.; ? quadrifoveolata, Aubé).
Entirely rufous, elongate, subparallel ; head triangular, strongly narrowed
in front of eyes which are large and prominent, forehead with distinct
impressions; thorax longer than broad, with sides parallel, rather closely
sculptured, anterior and posterior angles moderately prominent, with
four fovee on disc, of which the anterior pair are often indistinct or
absent; elytra rather long with rows of rather indistinct asperate punc-
tures, interstices with very regular rows of pale sete ; anterior tibiz of
male only slightly sinuate before apex, and terminating in a very small
tooth. L. 15-2 mm.
In haystack refuse, eut grass, &c.; occasionally in gardens, granaries, &c. ; local,
but sometimes abundant where it occurs; Ealing; Lee; Hampstead Heath ; Cowley ;
Sheerness; Peckham; Eltham; South Shields, very rare (Bold).
IM. sub--foveolata, Wat. (quadrifoveolata, Aubé, sec. Brit. Cat.).
In colour this species resembles the preceding, but may at once be
known by the shape of the head which is oblong, and scarcely con-
tracted before the eyes which are much smaller and less prominent; the
thorax is broader and more quadrate, and the four impressions or fovess
are more distinct and are often confluent, forming two broad longitudinal
furrows on the disc; the sculpture of head, thorax, and elytra is finer,
and the elytra are smoother and less dull ; the antennz also are shorter,
and the side border of the thorax is less marked. L, 13-2 mm.
In haystack refuse, cut grass, &c.; sometimes in granaries; rare; first taken in
Hainault Forest by Mr, E. W. Janson; Sheerness (Walker) ; Peckham (Marsh) ;
Wimbledon ; Scarborough (R. Lawson); Scotland, Dollar (Syme, Dr. Power).
This species forms a connecting link between the two first species of
the genus and the remaining species, and makes it evident that Thomson’s
senus Gyroceets cannot stand as separate ; there is great confusion re-
carding the nomenclature of this and the preceding species in the works
of various authors.
IM. longicollis, Gyll. (flavipes, Kunze). Pitehy-black or brown,
shining, elongate and linear; head large, finely punctured, without evi-
dent depressions ; thorax considerably longer than broad, shield-shaped,
finely sculptured, with two distinct elongate fovez at base, anterior
angles moderately prominent, posterior angles rounded; elytra finely
and simply punctured in rows, finely pubescent; antenne and legs
testaceous or reddish-testaceous. L. 15 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie slightly curved.
In haystack refuse, hot-beds, &c.; occasionally by sweeping; local; London dis-
trict, not common, Sheerness, Caterham, Shirley, Dulwich; St. Peter’s, Kent; Hast-
ings ; Glanvilles Wootton; Cheddar ; Barnwood, Gloucester ; Knowle; Sutton Park ;
Repton ; Mabberley, Cheshire ; Scarborough ; York ; Northumberland district ; Scot-
land, rare, Solway district. ;
The small size, shining appearance, and simple sculpture will at once
distinguish this species from all the others.
Lathridiide.] CLAVICORNIA.
b>
~I
wt
LATHRIDIIDA.
This family contains a large number of small and obscure insects,
which are found in various situations, but, as a rule, in various kinds of
vegetable refuse, moss, fungi, faggots, bark, &c. ; the’constitution of the
family has given rise to much dispute ; the genera Langelandia, Dasy-
cerus, Holoparamecus, and Anommatus, which have been by some
authors included in the family, are by others referred to other groups,
and the question as regards their true position is to a certain extent
still undecided; others again include Myrmecoxenus and Hypocoprus,
both of which seem to be connected with the family by their external
facies, but on a closer examination seem to agree more naturally with
other families ; the student who may wish to study this most interesting
family more deeply is referred to the writings of Herr Reitter, and more
especially to the valuable monograph on the “ Famille des Lathridiens ”
by M. Belon, to whose courtesy I am much indebted, and whose arrange-
ment of the tribes I have, after some consideration, followed ; the genus
concerning which I feel most doubt is Anommatus, which the Rev. A.
Matthews, after studying the external skeleton, refers to the Colydiide ;
Mr. Matthews also refers Holoparamecus to the Mycetophagide, and in
the catalogue published by us in 1883 these genera will be found
occupying these respective positions ; as, however, we study these obscure
families, we cannot help being struck with the impossibility of locating
certain synthetic genera with any feeling of certainty, and the true posi-
tions of several will probably be found eventually to be very different
from those now assigned to them, as connecting forms are discovered in
various parts of the world ; at the same time it is a much better course
to place them provisionally than simply, as some writers have done, to
separate them off as ‘ genera incerte sedis ” in a sort of appendix.
The species belonging to the family are widely distributed throughout
the world, and some are almost cosmopolitan; when once introduced
they seem to have the power of spre@ding very fast and very widely ;
thus Lathridius nodifer, which some forty years ago was very rare, has
become one of our commonest insects, and has spread to the most remote
districts.
The following are the chief characters of the family :—Form usually
more or less oval, with the head and thorax narrower than elytra, but some-
times parallel or even filiform ; head varying in shape but usually rather
large in proportion, antennze 8-11-jointed, terminating in a more or less
distinct club, mandibles not strongly developed, maxilla: with two lobes,
maxillary palpi 4-jointed, with the last joint large ; anterior coxe conical
and prominent, with the coxal cavities closed behind; elytra covering
abdomen ; tarsi 3-jointed, with the last joint elongate, terminating in
two simple claws.
The larve of the Lathridiide are elongate-oval or more or less elliptical, of a dirty-
whitish colour, with the body clothed with more or less thick and variously shaped
mz
276 CLAVICORNIA. [ Lathridiide.
hairs; they are composed of twelve segments, of which the thoracic segments are
larger than the rest, and terminate in a short anal appendage which serves to facilitate
progression; the antenne and legs are short; the larve and pup of Lathridius
minutus and Corticaria pubescens are described and figured by Perris (Ann. Fr., 1852,
p. 574, 581, Plate xiv.) ; the larve closely resemble one another, but the pubescence
is much shorter in the latter; the pupa of Lathridius minutus is very peculiar
by reason of the shape of the hairs with which it is clothed, which are abruptly
clavate at apex and pin-shaped ; the larvee probably feed on cryptogamic substances,
the excrement and skin of waiods insects, &e.
I, Anterior cox more or less separated by the prosternum (or
where the prosternum is interrupted between the coxee,* with
the club of antennz consisting of only two joints).
i. Forehead even, without sculpture, or at most finely punc-
tured; clypeus situated on the same level with the forehead,
ie om which it is separated by a simple stria . . . . . MEROPHYSINA.
. Forehead uneven, more or less strongly and rugosely sculp-
“Gared: often channelled in the middle; clypeus separated
from the forehead by a transverse depression, and usually
situated on a lower level . . \. . 5 . LATHRIDIINA,
II. Anterior coxe contiguous ; club of antenna composed of three
Or fOUL JOINLSis 6) y lebie We se veo uel SU bel lol ele we ) CORTICATINA.
MEROPHYSINA.
This tribe contains several genera, of which two only, Holoparamecus
and Anommatus, are represented in our fauna; from the Corticarina they
are distinguished by having the anterior cox separated by the pro-
sternum, and from the Lathridiina by the sculpture and form of the head
which is almost smooth, and has the elypeus level with the forehead,
and only separated from it by a simple suture ; our two genera may be
separated as follows :—
I. Hyes distinct ; elytra oval without strie or at most
with a sutural stria . .. 6 . . HOLOPARAMECUS, Curtis.
II. Eyes wanting; elytra parallel-sided with rows of
strong punctures ; form linear, subcylindrical . . ANoMMaTUs, Wesmaél.
HOLOPARAMEGCUS, Cutis.
This genus contains some twenty-five or thirty species, which are
found in various parts of the world, both in tropical and temperate
regions ; there is, however, considerable question as to the distinctness
of some of them, and several appear to have been described under
different names, as is perhaps natural, seeing that they oceur very often
in flour, and therefore, like so many of the corn and flour beetles, become
gradually cosmopolitan. Up to January, 1883, it was supposed that we
only possessed one species as British out of the eight or nine European
species, but in the Entomologist for that month (page 2) Mr. Sidney
Olliff described two more as “indigenous, viz. H. singularis which he
* This is to a certain extent the case with the genus Cartodere,
Holoparamecus. ] CLAVICORNIA. 2707
regards as distinct from H. depressus, and H. caularum ; H. depressus,
however, is so very variable that the species spht off from it by various
writers must be taken with great caution, and I have therefore preferred
to follow the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise in regarding them
as synonymous. //. caularum is, of course, very distinct, and is pro-
bably our commonest British species. My. Olliff is, however, wrong in
assigning it to the sub-genus Calyptobium of Villa. In Calyptobium the
antenn are 9-jointed in the male and 10-jointed in the female, and not
11-jointed in both sexes as stated in the Entomologist ; HZ. depressus is,
therefore, a Calyptobium, and H. caularum a true Holoparamecus, as it
is rightly regarded in the last European catalogue.
I. Antenne 11-jointed in both sexes (s.g. Pe
mecus, i. sp.; Tomyriwm, Reitter) . . - . . H.caunarum, Aube.
II. Antenne 9-jointed in male, 10-jointed in female
(s.g. Calyptobium, Villa). . ..... =~... H.DEPRESSUS, Curt.
H. caularum, Aubé (cbtusicornis, Mots.). Entirely testaceous,
except eyes, which are black, shining, very finely and sparingly pubescent,
and very finely punctured ; head moderately large, rounded in front,
eyes somewhat convex ; antenne 11-jointed with a well-marked 2-jointed
club, first and second joints rather large, 3-8 subglobose, ninth trans-
versely globose ; thorax cordiform, a little longer than, or about as long
as, broad, with sides strongly rounded in front and strongly constrieted
behind, with four fovez at base, of which the two central ones are usually
confluent, and often form a transverse line which is deeply impressed in
the centre ; elytra oblong-oval, very finely and irregularly punctured.
L. 13 mm.
In hot-beds and decaying vegetable matter; Withington, Cheshire, in dung-heaps
(J. Chappell) ; Manchester district; Mr. Olliff records a single example as taken by
Mr. Oliver Janson in July, 1869, ‘‘ crawling on a whitened wall, at the base of which
was a quantity of decaying vegetable matter ;’’ he does not, however, give the locality ;
Mr. Chappell has found a considerable number of dead specimens of the species, and
has distributed several of them, with his usual liberality, under the name of H. de-
pressus.
HH. depressus, Curt. (singularis, Beck ; Ville, Aubé ; popul’, Mots.;
longipennis, Mots.). This species in general appearance very closely
resembles the preceding, but may easily be distinguished by the fact that
in the male the antennz are 9-jointed and in the female 10-jointed ; the
thorax is shorter and proportionately broader and less constricted be-
hind, and usually has a fovea on dise, and the elytra are rather more
coarsely punctured and slightly broader with the sides straighter;
besides the difference in the number of the joints of the antenne, the
female differs from the male in being a little larger, more elongate and
depressed, with the eyes less convex, and the impressions at the base of
the thorax deeper. L. 1-12 mm.
In flour, &e. ; also occasionally on the wing, and rarely in hot-beds, &.; it is a
278 CLAVICORNIA. [ Holoparamecus.
cosmopolitan species, but is very rare in British collections; London district ; Norfolk ;
Newcastle ; Sunderland ; and one or two other localities ; the insect described by
Mr. Olliff as HZ. singularis, Beck, is said by him to differ from H. depressus in
having the thorax only slightly narrowed and not constricted behind, in the shape of
the basal impressions, and in the absence of the discal fovea, and especially in the
minuteness of the eyes; the last character is the only important one, but like
the other characters, it appears to be somewhat variable, and to be partly sexual ;
the single specimen known as British was taken by Mr. Olliff at Holmwood,
Surrey, under a piece of wood placed upon the remains of a hot-bed.
Tt is possible that the Newcastle and Sunderland specimens may
belong, like those from the Manchester and Liverpool districts, to
H, caularum, and not to H. depressus; I have not, however, had an
opportunity of examining any of them.
ANOMMATUS, Wesmaél.
This genus has usually been classed with the Lathridiide by reason
of its 3-jointed tarsi and other minor points, but it corresponds
almost entirely as regards its external skeleton with the Colydiide, and
at all events must be considered as a very strong connecting link between
the two families; the members of the genus are usually subterranean in
their habits, and are remarkable for the absence of eyes ; there are seven
or eight European species.
A. 1Z2-striatus, Wesm. (obsoletus, Steph.; terricola, Wesm.).
Oblong, linear and parallel-sided, somewhat convex, ferruginous or
reddish-testaceous ; head narrower than thorax, sparingly but distinctly
punctured ; antenne rather stout, apparently 10-jointed, with the tenth
joint forming a solid club which is almost as long as the four preceding
joints together ; thorax large, quadrate, longer than broad, with the
angles blunt, strongly and coarsely punctured; elytra scarcely twice as
long as thorax, rounded at apex and entirely covering abdomen, each
with six rows of rather strong punctures, which become feebler towards
sides; abdomen with five segments, the first being as long as the
two following ; femora robust, tarsi 3-jointed with the third joint con-
siderably longer than the first two together. L. 14-1$ mm.
In decaying wood and rotting seed potatoes underground; also under stones
half buried in damp places; occasionally in vegetable and haystack refuse, dung-
heaps, &c.; rare; British Museum, several under stones at back of building
(Waterhouse) ; Merton, Surrey (Janson) ; Sheerness (Walker); Kingsgate and St.
Peter’s, Kent (1. Wood); Esher (Power); Shirley Warren, Southampton, in putf-
ball and under board (Gorham) ; Gumleyv, Market Harborough (Matthews) ; Hertford ;
Hull; Northumberland district, near Morpeth; Ireland, Rochestown near Dublin ;
it has not, apparently, been found in Scotland.
LATHRIDIINA.
This tribe, according to the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise,
Lathridiina.] CLAVICORNIA. 279
contains eight genera ; of these, however, Agelandia, Reitter, cannot be
retained, and together with Zangelandia must be either placed with the
Colydiidz or formed into a new family ; the tribe, as far as our fauna
is concerned, consists of the old genus Lathridius, which has, however,
been divided by Thomson into five genera; of these four are here
retained,
J. Thorax with two fine longitudinal keels on disc.
i. Club of antenne not abrupt; eyes nearly touching
anterior angles of thorax; temples very small . . . LATHRIDIUS, Herbst.
ii. Club of antenne abrupt; eyes considerably removed
from anterior angles of thorax ; temples large . . . Conrnomus, Thoms.
Il. Thorax without longitudinal keels on disc.
i. Upper surface more or less convex ; head shorter with
the eyes large and the antenne situated at a little
distance from them ...... .- =. - . Eytomus, Thoms.
ii. Upper surface depressed, elongate; head longer, at
least as long as broad with the eyes smal! and the
antennz inserted at a considerable distance from them, CartopERE, Thoms.
The genus Lathridius, taken in its widest sense, as including the
above genera, contains over one hundred and thirty species, the majority
of which are found in Europe, Northern Asia, and North America; the
genus, however, is widely distributed, species occurring in Ceylon,
India, Cape of Good Hope, Havannah, the Australian region, &e. ; some
of them are almost cosmopolitan, as they occur in substances that are
articles of commerce ; the Lathridii are very variable in several points
of structure, and hence considerable confusion has arisen, as may be
known from the number of synonymous species recorded.
LATHRIDIUS, Herbst.
The species of Lathridius proper are distinguished from the other
genera with the exception of Coninomus by the fine longitudinal keels
on the disc of the thorax, and from this as well as from the others by
the very narrow width of the thorax in comparison with that of the
elytra; there are two British species, Z. lardarius and L. angulatus.
L. angusticollis, which has been usually reputed to be a rather common
British species, appears not to be indigenous ; until recently only one
or two British specimens of Z. angulatus have been recorded; this
has been evidently owing to the fact that all our specimens in collec-
tions have stood undoubtedly as angusticollis ; Mx. Crotch and one or
two other collectors have sent doubtful specimens of this insect to con-
tinental authorities who have returned them as angulatus, and they
have therefore been recorded as different from the series they were
taken from, although really they were the same, and all ought to have
been referred to angulatus.
I, Elytra glabrous, much contracted and prolonged in a
point behind; sizelarger . . .... =... ~~ DL, rarparius, De G.
280 CLAVICORNIA. [ Lathridius.
II. Elytra furnished with distinct rows of fine raised
sete, not much contracted and prolonged behind; size
smaller) ack Sere eo Mee enc cs ne ee Sn « Gl. ANGUADUS lant.
%. lardarius, De G. (pini, Mots.; dilaticollis, Mots.). Reddish-
testaceous, shining, glabrous, eyes black ; antennz testaceous, slender,
with a gradual and not abrupt club; head rugosely punctured with a
distinct longitudinal furrow, about as broad, with the eyes, as thorax ;
thorax a little longer than broad, with two longitudinal keels on disc,
anterior angles produced in a moderate lobe, sides sinuate, posterior
angles marked, punctuation rugose and uneven; elytra convex, oval,
stronely pointed and produced behind, much broader at base than
thorax, shoulders strongly marked, dise raised about middle, with strong
punctured strie which become feebler towards apex ; legs reddish-
testaceous. L. 2-3 mm.
Male with the tibie curved, the anterior ones being much more
strongly curved and finely denticulate on their inner side before their
extremity which is furnished with a distinct tooth.
In hot-beds, vegetable refuse, moss, &e.; often by sweeping ; generally distributed
and common throughout England, but apparently becoming scarcer towards the
north; Scotland, local, Forth district ; Ireland, near Dublin, &c.
Lh. angulatus, Humm. (angusticollis, Thoms. e¢ Britt. auet., nec
Humm. ; wrdulatus, Mots.). Ferruginous brown, rather shining, con-
siderably smaller than the preceding species, which in some points it
resembles; head and thorax rugosely punctured, the former with a
distinct longitudinal furrow, the latter very narrow, longer than broad,
with the margins irregular and the anterior angles lobed; elytra oval,
convex, with very strongly punctured striz and rows of short, fine,
erect sete ; legs ferruginous. L. 2 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie slightly curved.
In moss, flood and vegetable refuse, &c.; often by beating dead hedges and by
sweeping ; local; London district, common and generally distributed; Darenth
Wood, Chatham, Esher, Caterham, Croydon, Mickleham, Woking, Sheerness, &c. ;
Tastbourne; Hastings ; Midland district, rare, Repton and one or two other localities ;
not found further north or in Scotland; Ireland, near Belfast. This species appears
to be distributed throughout Europe and the Caucasus region, and to be the com-
monest species in Germany, Austria, and Hungary.
(Q. angusticollis, Humm., zec Thoms. This species is at once
distinguished from the preceding by the absence of the rows of short
erect setze on the elytra ; it appears to be intermediate between LZ. lur-
darius and L. angulatus ; it is smaller than the first, and has the elytra
obtusely rounded at apex, and besides is of a darker colour ; besides the
absence of the elytral sete, it may be distinguished from the latter by
its more robust form, and by having the thorax shorter, more even, and
more visibly narrowed behind. L. 2 mm,
I know of no British specimen of this insect, and it cannot, I think,
Lathridius. | CLAVICORNIA. 281
be regarded as indigenous; the confusion between this and the pre-
ceding species is by no means confined to British authors and collectors,
M. Belon (1.c¢., p. 120) mentions that Z. angulatus ‘* est ordinairement
envoyée sous le nom Vangusticollis, et est ainsi ctiquetée dans la plupart
des collections.”)
CONINOMUS, Thomson.
The species belonging to this genus are smaller and narrower insects
than those contained in the preceding genus, from which they are
further distinguished by the more abrupt “club of antenne and larger
temples, and by having the thorax strongly incised at the sides behind
middle ; from the following genera they are separated by the raised keels
on the thorax ; there are three British species, of which one is probably
nothing more than a variety.
I. Club of antenne very abrupt, 3-jointed; elytra tuber-
culate towards apex . . : : . C. NODIFER, Westw.
II. Club of antennz very abrupt, 2- jointed ; 5 ely tra with
the alternate interstices more or lcss raised, but not
tuberculate.
. Anterior coxze separate ; alternate interstices of elytra
only slightly raised inridges . . . . «= » « (Cs GONSTRICIUS, Huimin:
ii. Anterior cox contiguous ; alternate interstices of
elytra plainly raised in ridges . . . . . . . . C. caninatus, Gyll.
G. nodifer, Westw. Somewhat elongate, black or pitchy-brown,
occasionally ferruginous, a little shining, not pubescent; head nearly as
broad as thorax; antenne ferruginous with 3-jointed club; thorax
longer than broad together with head rugosely sculptured, with dorsal
keels well marked, anterior angles rounded, sides strongly incised behind
middle ; elytra elongate oval, strongly impressed before and at middle,
with somewhat obsoletely punctured striz, alternate interstices raised in
keels, with the third from suture raised in a strong tubercle behind
middle, and the fifth raised at apex ; legs lighter or darker ferruginous,
tarsi lighter. L. 2 mm.
Male with the posterior tibie dilated and deeply emarginate on their
inside border towards extremity.
In vegetable refuse, moss, woodstacks, faggots, &e.; common and generally dis-
tributed throughout England; Scotland, Tweed, Forth, and Solway districts ;
Ireland, near Waterford ; this species used to be considered rare, but has gradually
become more and more common of late years; in some localities it swarms; it
appears to be cosmopolitan, and to be identical with £. antipodum described by
White from New Zealand in 1846 (Voy. Ereb. Terr., p. 18).
©. constrictus, Humm. Somewhat elongate, slightly convex,
glabrous, shining, of a clear testaceous brown colour; head oblong,
narrower than thorax, rugosely punctured ; antenne testaceous, rather
slender, with 2-jointed. club; thorax about as long as_ broad,
rugosely punctured, anterior angles rounded, deeply incised behind
282 CLAVICORNIA. [ Coninomus.
middle, dorsal keels not strong; elytra elongate oval with deeply pune-
tured striz, alternate interstices feebly raised, hardly costiform ;
anterior cox separated by the prosternal process ; legs testaceous. L.
4-1} mm.
Male with the anterior tibiz slightly curved.
Under bark, &e. ; a doubtful species; Mr. Rye has a single specimen without
locality, and I have a record from Burton; Mr. Blatch records it from Knowle near
Birmingham (on a damp wall), and Wicken Fen (sedge refuse); the next species,
however, varies very considerably, and in all probability the two species are synomy-
mous.
G. carinatus, Gyll. This species is very closely allied to the pre-
ceding and, allowing for the variation of the species generally, it can
only be regarded as distinct on the ground of the anterior coxe being
contiguous, the prosternal process being reduced to a very fine keel ; it
differs also in having the thoracic keels less marked, and the intervals
of the elytra more strongly raised ; the general form is a little narrower,
and the colour as a rule is darker; several of these points, however,
are very variable, and it would almost appear to be best with Reitter and
others to consider this species a variety of C. constrictus. In the
catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise it is not even regarded as a
variety. L. 14-15 mm.
Under bark, in moss, dead leaves, &c.; rare; Shirley, Esher, Caterham, Mickle-
ham, Sydenham ; Tilgate Forest ;Birdbrook ; Wicken Fen; Littlington, Cambridge ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Spridlington near Lincoln (taken on the outer walls of a newly
erected house by Mr. Wollaston).
ENICMUS, Thoms.
This genus contains at present six British species; H. consimilis, how-
ever, cannot be retained; they differ from those belonging to the pre-
ceding genera by having no raised ridges on thorax, and from Cartodere
by their shorter head and less elongate and more convex form.
I. Prosternum not raised in a keel between the anterior
coxee ; elytra glabrous, rather short oval, with some-
what strong punctured striz (s.g. Conithassa, Thoms.) E. minutus, L.
Il. Prosternum raised in a keel between the anterior
cox. (Hnicmus, i. sp.)
i, Antenne slender with the club not very abrupt,
reaching beyond middle of thorax.
1. Thorax as a rule square or very nearly as long
as broad, never cordiform; colour reddish-
testaceous ; punctured striz of elytra rather
strong, s « fis) #! ww dk sco velo teo > ME. TRANSVERSUS OL:
2. Thorax asa rule more or less strongly trans-
verse ;* punctured strize of elytra fine.
A. Upper surface black; thorax with sides very
slightly contracted behind . . . . . . . HE. Rueosus, Herbst.
* There is an extreme variety of H. rugosus which has the thorax subquadrate ;
this may, however, be separated by the fine sculpture of the elytra.
Enicmus. | CLAVICORNIA, 283
B. Upper surface ferruginous or reddish-testa-
ceous ; thorax with sides strongly contracted
behind!) eee es te epee. Gc he TRSTAORUS, Scene.
ii, Antenne short with the club very abrupt, hardly
reaching the middle of thorax; upper surface dull
black, somewhat elongate; elytra with fine punc-
Guredistrim. , - « « «© «3 © « 5 « « » « J. BREVICORNIS, Mannh.
(carbonarius, Mannh.)
E. minutus, L. An extremely variable species, somewhat convex,
smooth, dull, black or pitch-brown; head narrower than eyes, rugosely
and coarsely punctured, with a more or less distinct longitudinal furrow ;
antenne rather slender, with somewhat gradual club, ferruginous ;
thorax very variable both as to size and shape, anterior angles more or
less dilated, sides slightly crenulate, subparallel or slightly sinuate,
rugosely punctured, with one or two longitudinal furrows on disc and a
transverse impression at base; elytra oval, rather produced at shoulders,
with margins raised, punctured striz rather strong; legs ferruginous.
L. 1{-2; mm.
In haystack and other refuse, moss, dung-heaps, woodstacks, &c.; common and
generally distributed throughout the kingdom.
This species is so extremely variable that it is perpetually giving rise
to confusion ; the following special varieties may be mentioned :—
Var. a. Entirely of a ferrugino-testaceous colour; this is often probably the result
of immaturity.
Var. b. Sides of thorax subparallel, anterior angles not advanced in a lobe; thorax
subquadrate.
Var. c. Thorax subcordiform, about as broad as long or slightly oblong. (LZ.
assimilis, Mannh.)
Var. d. Thorax rather strongly transverse, with the anterior angles scarcely produced,
(LZ. anthracinus, Mannh.)
This is not an uncommon variety, and is larger than the type, and
usually of a deeper black colour.
Var. e. Size very small. (Permidius minutissimus, Mots.)
I have seen one or two specimens of this variety from the London
district ; no two insects belonging to the same genus could well look less
alike than this and the preceding variety.
(E. consimilis, Mannh. (Conithassa consimilis, Thoms.). This species
is allied to H. minutus, but the anterior angles are never advanced in
lobes or dilated, and the thorax has only one furrow, and this almost
obsolete, on disc; the elytra are narrower, not very strongly striated and
punctured, and the interstices are rather broad, smooth and flat, and
never raised. L. 2 mm.
Introduced as British by Mr. Crotch on the authority of two specimens in the Rev.
A. Matthews’ collection taken, I believe, in Sherwood Forest ; Mr. Matthews has
kindly given me one of these, and it is certainly nothing more than EZ. brevicornis
(carbonarius) with the thorax a little less contracted behind than in the ordinary
form of that species; the species, therefore, must, for the present, at all events,
be erased from our lists.)
284 CLAVICORNIA. [ Eniemus.
=. transversus, Ol]. Ferruginotus or brownish-testaccous, with the
head sometimes darker, rather elongate, glabrous, somewhat shining ;
head rugosely punctured with distinct longitudinal furrow, eyes pro-
minent ; antenne testaceous, moderate; thorax rather depressed, sub-
quadrate, or slightly transverse, narrower than elytra, with the anterior
angles rounded and not dilated in lobes, rugosely punctured, with a
more or less distinct longitudinal dorsal furrow, which is sometimes
divided into two, and a rather strong transverse impression before base ;
elytra with rather strongly punctured striee, interstices smooth and even ;
legs testaceous. L. 13-2 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie curved.
In moss, haystack refuse, dung-heaps, &c. ; common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom.
HE. rugosus, Herbst. Comparatively short and broad, slight!y
convex, glabrous, dull black, elytra a little more shining than the front
parts; head broader than long, narrowed in front, rugosely punctured ;
eyes very large and prominent ; antennz and mouth parts reddish-testa-
ceous, the former not stout ; thorax evidently transverse, rugosely punc-
tured, with sides rounded in front and slightly contracted behind, tinely
channelled on centre of disc, and with a transverse impression behind ;
elytra obsoleteiy striated and punctured, appearing almost smooth except
under a high power; interstices broad and even; legs ferruginous.
L. 12-12 mm.
In rotten wood, fungi, &e.; very rare; Loughton, Hssex; Sherwood, in rotten
wood and frass shaken from old bark (where it has been taken by the Rev. A. Mat-
thews and myself in company with Huplecti, Trichopterygide, &c.); Salford Priors
(fungus on ash, Blatch) ; Cannock Chase (fungus on oak, Blatch) ; Aviemore, Dee
district, Scotland, in fungus on alder (Sharp).
The name of this species is very misleading, as it is about the
smoothest species of the genus.
EB. testaceus, Steph. (cordaticollis, Aubé). Ofareddish or brownish-
testaceous colour, rather broad and convex, glabrous and somewhat dull;
head broader than long, narrowed in front, coarsely and rugosely punc-
tured, with an obsolete central channel; antennz testaceous, slender,
with gradual club, eyes very large and prominent; thorax very trans-
verse, cordiform, with sides strongly rounded in front and narrowed
behind, anterior angles produced but very broad and blunt, upper surface
rugosely and coarsely punctured, with a more or less distinct central
impression on disc and a transverse impression at base; elytra rather
broad oval, with margins somewhat explanate, punctured striz distinct
but not strong at base, obsolete towards apex; legs testaceous. L.
3-2 mm.
In powdery fungus on decaying beech, birch, fir, and hornbeam ; as a rule rare, but
oceasionally locally plentiful ; Esher, Darenth, The Holt, Farnham (Power); Esher,
Peckham, and Ashtead (Champion); Chatham (Walker); Forest Hill; Cobham
Enicemus. | OLAVICORNIA, 285
Park ; Nunhead; Dulwich, very common in powdery fungus on birch (T. Wood);
Stretford (on the wing, Reston) ; Sherwood Forest (Blatch).
&. brevicornis, Mannh. (carlonarius, Mannh.). Elongate, sub-
depressed, dull black, glabrous ; head and thorax rugosely punctured,
the former with an obsolete central channel or fovea, the latter with the
usual central and basal impressions, sides rounded in front and more or
less strongly contracted behind, anterior angles rounded and not marked ;
antennee very short with abrupt even club of which the second joint is
transverse, ferruginous-red ; elytra rather long and narrow, with two
oblique impressions before base, striz fine and finely punctured, inter-
stices flat, broad, and even, dull, alutaceous ; legs ferruginous. L. 14-2
mm.
Under bark; rare; New Forest, first taken by Charles Turner, and subsequently
by other collectors; Mr. Blatch has also taken it on Cannock Chase under birch
bark.
The short antenne and dull-black elongate elytra with their oblique
inipressions and fine punctuation will at once distinguish this species ;
LE. rugosus is of the same colour, and is found under much the same
conditions, but it has longer antenne, and its elytra are less elongate,
and more convex, with more obsolete punctuation and without oblique
impressions.
CARTODERE, Thoms.
This genus contains four British species; they are minute insects
with elongate head and thorax, and long parallel or subparallel elytra
which are more or less strongly sculptured ; the antenne are inserted at
some distance from the eyes, which are small; one of our species is
exceedingly abundant, but two are very rare, and perhaps are im-
portations.
I, Anterior half of thorax without central fovea; club
of antenne 3-jointed.
i. Head and thorax red, elytra black or brownish-
black ; upper surface sometimes unicolorous;
elytra with seven or eight rows of punctures on
each") 0 “.'500 ss 0 Sos) so, 2 elie Cs RUPICOLMISH Marsh.
ii. Colour, as arule, uniform, testaceous or ferru-
ginous, very rarely coloured like C. rujicollis ;
elytra with only six rows of very strong punctures
Ongenchigae-s Men bes wee Pelared eel cio Go eC. SELONG AMAR Otrhe
iii. Colour uniform testaceous ; form very narrow ;
elytra with seven or eight rows of punctures on each C, FILIFORMIS, Gy/l.
Il. Thorax with a broad round fovea on its anterior
half; club of antennz 2-jointed . . . . . . . C. FILuM, Aubé.
G. ruficollis, Marsh. (collarts, Mannh., nanula, Mannh.). Elongate,
slightly convex, glabrous, head and thorax red, elytra black or brownish,
upper surface sometimes unicolorous reddish; head longer than broad
with obsolete rugose punctuation, eyes small; antennz rather long and
slender, testaceous ; thorax oblong, widest in front, narrowed behind,
rth}
286 CLAVICORNIA, [ Cartodere.
strongly incised behind middle, with a transverse basal impression,
rugosely but finely sculptured ; elytra suboval, elongate, with seven or
eight strong punctured striz, the punctures being somewhat irregular and
the interstices crenulate ; legs testaceous. L. 1 mm.
In haystack and other refuse, fungi, &e. ; common and often ozcurring in profusion in
the Midland and Southern districts ; also recorded from Scarborough and Manchester,
but from no loeality further north in England, nor from Scotland. Ireland, near
Belfast.
The ferruginous-red variety of this insect with brownish edge to the
elytra is the Z. exilis of Mannerheim.
Cc. elongata, Curt. Ferruginous or testaceous with the elytra
rarely darker; easily distinguished from the preceding species by the
more distinct rugose sculpture of the head and thorax, and the more
depressed and parallel-sided elytra, each of which is furnished with
six rows of very strong punctures, which leave hardly any visible inter-
stices ; legs testaceous ; the form of the thorax is variable, sometimes
being more sometimes less cordiform and narrowed before base, sometimes
plainly and sometimes scarcely visibly bordered ; it differs also con-
siderably in length. L. 13-12 mm.
In vegetable refuse, fungi, manure-heaps, &c.; not common; Ashtead, Mickle-
ham, Horsell, Shirley, Darenth Wood, Greenwich, Gravesend, Bearstead, Bishops
Wood ; The Holt, Farnham ; Dulwich (under faggot bark) ; Birdbrook, Essex ; Hast-
ings; New Forest; Glanvilles Wootton ; Bewdley ; Knowle; Sherwood Forest ; not
recorded from the northern counties of England, or from Scotland or Ireland.
C. filiformis, Gyll. Elongate, linear, depressed, glabrous, entirely
testaceous ; head rather long, trapezoidal, coarsely and rugosely sculp-
tured; eyes small; antenne testaceous with rather gradual 3-jointed
club; thorax transverse or about as long as broad, subcordiform, with
broad lateral margin, more or less rugosely punctured, without fovea on
anterior half, base with a rather strong transverse impression; elytra
long, about as broad as thorax, parallel-sided, with seven or eight rather
strong punctured striz on each ; the punctures, however, are much less
strong than in the preceding species; legs testaceous. L. 14 mm.
In fungi, &c.; very rare; Exeter; the first specimens found in England are
recorded in Parfitt’s Devonshire Catalogue as ‘‘ bredin a fungus shut up in a box in
Coaver garden, Jan. 20, 1856.”? Scotland, very rare, Clyde district; this is the
L elongatus of Murray’s Catalogue which was found by Mr. M. Young “ devouring
an old Greek author” in Paisley.
C. filum, Aubé, At first sight this species almost exactly resembles
the preceding, but it is at once distinguished by the round fovea on the
anterior half of the thorax and the more slender antenne which have
the club 2-jointed and not 3-jointed as in C. filiformis; itis also a little
larger on the average than this species, and has the thorax more
strongly narrowed behind and the anterior angles a little more dilated.
L. 14mm.
Cartodere. | CLAVICORNIA. 287
Very rare; it appears to be chiefly confined oe herbaria, although it occasion: uly
occurs in fungi in other countries. Burton-on-Trent (Mr. Mason’s her barium, in
some small numbers) ; Scotland, “Edinburgh (found by Professor McNab in ‘the
herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens).
CORTICARINA.
The members of this tribe are distinguished from the Lathridiina by
having the anterior cox contiguous and not more or less separated by
the prolongation of the prosternum; the thorax is, as a rule, finely
crenulate or denticulate at the sides, and the upper surface is almost
always pubescent ; the tribe contains several genera, of which the most
curious and distinct is Dasycerus (which is by some authors now
excluded from the family); this genus may at once be known by its
very long capillary and verticillate-pilose antenn, and strongly angular
thorax ; no species of this genus has yet been found in Britain, but it is
quite possible that D. sulcatus, ike Langelandia, may yet be found in
some of the southern counties of England. Two British genera are
included in the tribe, of which one, Melanophthalma, has only compara-
tively recently been considered as distinct, and it has lately been further
subdivided by Herr Reitter; the species may be known as a rule by the
distinct fovea at the base of the thorax ; some of them are extremely
variable, like the species of Lathridius, and in consequence great con-
fusion has arisen, as may be seen by glancing over a synonymous list of
the genera, some species having six, eight, or even ten synonyms or
named varieties assigned to them ; the members of the tribe are, asa rule,
found in moss, vegetable refuse, &c.
I. Thorax with sides more or less strongly crenulate,
with a ‘small round fovea before base; abdomen
with five sezments visible in female, six in male;
form oblong, more or less elongate . . . . Corticarta, Marsh.
II. Thorax with sides scarcely, if at all, crenulate, with
a large transverse impression or fovea at base;
abdomen with six segments visible in both sexes ;
form short, more or lessovate . . . . . . . . MELANOPHTHALMA, Mots.
The genus Corticaria, in its widest sense, comprises about two hun-
dred and fifty species, but many of these must probably be united with
others ; they are chiefly found in Europe, Northern and Central Asia,
and North America, but species occur in Brazil, Ceylon, India, South
Africa, Australia, New Zealand, &c., and the genus is probably
distributed over the greater part of the world.
CORTICARIA, Marsham.
Besides the differences above mentioned, this genus differs from
DMelanophthalma in having the metasternum longitudinally impressed,
and the club of its 11-jointed antennz more abrupt; the abdomen has
288 CLAVICORNIA. [ Corticaria
five segments visible in the female, and in the male there is a small
additional sixth segment, visible beneath ; the form is oblong, some-
times cylindrical, sometimes elongate and depressed ; the thorax is always
more or less distinctly crenulate at the sides; there are thirty-three
European species, of which eight are at present recognized as British ;
in all probability, however, we possess two er three more in collections,
but the question is not yet settled, owing to the great variation of some
species in colour, and also in structure and sculpture.
I. Elytra without regular rows of punctures or marked
interstices ; abdomen with the fifth ventral segment
deeply foveate in both sexes.
i. Thorax at its greatest breadth distinctly narrower
than elytra; all the joints of the club of the antenna:
evidently longer than broad; size larger . . . . C. PUBESCENS, Gy/l.
ii. Thorax at its greatest breadth as broad or nearly as
broad as elytra; first two joints of the club of the
antenne about aslongasbroad . ... . C. CRENULATA, Gyll.
II. Elytra with regular rows of punctures, and more or
less distinctly marked interstices; abdomen with the
fifth ventral segment not or not deeply foveate.
i. Elytra with rather long and upright pubescence,
disposed in even rows, and plainly longer on the
alternate interstices; elytra elongate-oval. . . . C. FULVA, Com,
ii. Elytra with fine even recumbent pubescence with
rows of short hairs sometimes intermingled, which,
however, are never longer on the alternate in-
terstices.
1. Form elongate, cylindrical, or parallel-sided,
elytra as broad as thorax.
A. Upper surface convex ; eyes very prominent;
elytra with rows of coarse punctures . . . . C. umBrInicaTA, Beck
(cylindrica, Mannh.).
B. Upper surface depressed; eyes not strongly
prominent ; elytra with rows of fine punctures . C. ELONGATA, Gryll.
2. Elytra depressed and parallel-sided much broader
than thorax, which is cordiform; punctures of
interstices of elytra as large as those of strie . . C. opscuRrA, Bris.
8, Elytra convex, oblong-oval; thorax more or less
cordiform.
A. Elytra with punctured striz continued to
apex.
a. Elytra with rather broad smooth interstices
furnished with distinct series of minute punc-
tures; sizelarger. .. . : C, DENTICULATA, Giyll.
b. Elytra with rather narrow interstices which
are somewhat wrinkled, and are furnished
with indistinct rows of smaller punctures ;
sizesmaller. . . : < C. sERRATA, Payk.
B. Elytra with punctured striae evanescent behind
mm) oy ta ae 6 ooo oO oe 6 a Op ERE unl Ie,
©. pubescens, Gyll. (punctulata, Marsh.). The largest of the
British species ; colour very variable, head and thorax usually fusco-
ferruginous, elytra pitchy with shoulders more or less broadly paler
Cortivaria. } OLAVICORNIA, 289
pubescence pale, distinct; sometimes the whole upper surface is pitchy
or testaceous ; head and thorax rather strongly and diffusely punctured,
interspaces alutaceous ; antenne testaceous, club with joints elongate ;
thorax rather short, subcordiform, sometimes appearing almost orbicular,
with sides strongly crenulated; elytra always wider than thorax,
ample, with closely packed irregular rows of punctures and no marked
interstices ; legs testaceous or reddish testaceous. L. 23-3 mm.
Male with the first joint of the anterior tarsi dilated, oblong, provided
on each side with long and fine setose hairs.
Yn haystack and flood refuse, decaying sea-weed, moss, &c.; not uncommon and
generally distributed throughout England; Scotland, Forth district, common
amongst hay and straw, and probably widely spread in other localities; Ireland,
Waterford and Dublin, and probably common.
c. crenulata, Gyll. Nigro-piceous, or brownish-testaceous, with
the shoulders more or less broadly lighter in the darker specimens ;
pubescence yellowish ; in sculpture this species much resembles the pre-
eeding, but is very easily distinguished by its more orbicular thorax and
by having the elytra and thorax of about equal or nearly equal breadth,
so that the general form is more parailel, and also by the shape of the
club of the antenne, which has the first two joints about as long as
broad ; it is also a smaller species. L. 2-2} mm.
Male with the femora thickened, the anterior and intermediate tibia
somewhat produced internally towards apex, and externally obliquely
truncate, and the first joint of the anterior tarsi dilated.
In decaying sea-weed, haystack refuse, moss, &c.; generally distributed throughout
England, but commoner on the coast than inland, and rarer further north ; Scotland,
local, maritime, Tweed, Forth, and Dee districts; its distribution is probably the
same in Ireland.
C. denticulata, Gyll. In colour, size, and form, this species
almost exactly resembles the preceding ; the thorax, however, is rather
more narrowed behind, and the crenulations at the sides are less distinct ;
the elytra have the shoulders more gently rounded and the apex more
obtusely rounded; the abdomen has the fifth ventral segment not
deeply foveate ; the chief distinguishing character, however, lies in the
sculpture of the elytra, which are furnished with regular deeply punc-
tured striz, divided by narrow but distinct interstices, some of which
are feebly carinate towards base; they are also furnished with distinct
rews of minute punctures ; the male differences are much the same as
in C. crenulata, except that the anterior and intermediate tibiz are more
angularly produced internally. L. 2-2} mm.
In decaying sea-weed, moss, vegetable refuse, &e.; local ; London district, common ;
Deal; Hastings ; Horning Fen; Cambridge ; Wicken Fen; Dorchester ; Birmingham
district ; Repton ; Sherwood ; Liverpool; Manchester; Northumberland and Durham
district ; Scotland, scarce, Solway, Tweed, and Forth districts.
Cc. serrata, Payk. (/aticollis, Mannh.). Smaller than any of the
VOL. Ill. U
290 CLAVICORNIA. [ Corticaria.
preceding species, colour variable, usually fusco-ferruginous, upper
surface clothed with fine greyish pubescence ; head not much narrower
than thorax, eyes large and prominent ; antennee rather short, testaceous,
with the first two joints of the club scarcely longer than broad; thorax
a little broader than long, with the sides rounded and more strongly and
acutely denticulate than in the allied species, narrowed towards base,
posterior angles with a strong crenulation ; elytra oblong-ovate, only a
little broader than thorax at the broadest part, with regular rows of
punctures, and moderately distinct interstices which are not carinate,
and are somewhat wrinkled, and furnished with rows of smaller punc-
tures; abdomen with fifth ventral segment not deeply foveate ; legs
rufo-testaceous. L. 15 mm.
Male with the anterior tibiz very slightly sinuate internally towards
apex, and the first joint of the anterior tarsi a little dilated.
In haystack and other refuse, under bark, &c. ; also in ants’ nests ; not common ;
Chatham, Esher, Forest Hill, Peckham, Cowley; Weybridge (in nest of Formica
rufa); Horsell (in nest of F. fuliginosa) ; Loughton; Hainault Forest ; Horning
Fen; Cambridge; Repton; Northumberland district; Scotland, rare, Solway and
Tay districts.
The.small size, and transverse thorax which has the sides strongly crenu-
lated, together with the sculpture of the elytra, will separate this species
from all its allies; it most closely, perhaps, resembles C. crenulata, but
that species has the thorax longer and more regularly rounded, longer
antenne, less regularly punctured elytra, and the femora of the male
incrassate.
C. umbilicata, Beck (cylindrica, Mannh.; borealis, Woll.).
Ferruginous or ferrugino-testaceous, clothed with rather short and dis-
tinct pubescence ; head large, eyes large and very prominent; thorax
suborbicular, about as broad as elytra, with sides evidently crenulate ;
elytra long, parallel and cylindrical, with regular and distinct punctured
strie, interstices almost impunctate ; the suture and sides of the elytra
are sometimes more or less infuscate. L. 1{-2 mm,
In moss, &e.; occasionally by sweeping ; very local, and as a rule scarce ; Strood,
Kent, taken in abundance by Mr. Champion and Mr. Walker; Wimbledon ;
Shooter’s Hill; Chattenden Roughs ; New Forest; Northumberland and Durham
district, not rare, sea-banks ; Scotland, very rare, Aberdeen (Professor Traill).
Cc. fulva, Com. (hirtella, Thoms. ; flavescens, Thoms.). Rather
elongate, about as large as C. crenulata, but rather narrower than that
species, with the thorax cordiform, and the elytra with the shoulders
more gently rounded and the apex less acuminate ; colour entirely tes-
taceous, excepting the eyes, which are black; these latter are less
prominent than in most of the other species ; the elytra are elongate-
ovate, evidently broader than the thorax, with the sculpture consisting
of rows of large and shallow punctures, which are rather confused and
OCorticaria. | CLAVICORNIA. 291
somewhat rugose ; in the male the anterior tibia appear to be gently
isinuate within and tz xternally at apex. . 13-2 mm.
b te within and truncate externally at apex. L. 1}-2
In vegetable refuse, &c. ; local, but probably more generally distributed than is
at present known; London district ; Cowley (iv cow-house); Kent; South Coast ;
Liverpool; Manchester ; Northumberland and Durham district.
I have given the description of this insect, but there is considerable
doubt and difficulty regarding the species and its allies, and it is pro-
bable that we have two or three at least of the European species standing
under the name of C. fulva in our collections. Continental specimens
of C. fulva, which have been kindly sent me by M. Brisout, have the
thorax distinctly more transverse and less narrowed behind than is the
case with many of our English specimens ; I have specimens from Dr.
Power that agree with these, but a series in Dr. Sharp’s collection stand-
ing doubtfully under C. fulva have the thorax about as long as broad
and more narrowed behind ; in this respect they agree with C. ¢mpressa,
but the sculpture of the elytra is that of C. fulva, to the description of
which species they answer better than the continental specimens before
alluded to.
I have before me two specimens from Mr. Matthews’ collection which
have been returned to me by M. Brisout as new species near linearis ;
one of these appears to be distinct, but is broken and rather dis-
coloured, and the other appears to me only a small and rather
abnormal variety of C. fulva; the thorax of many species of the
Lathridiide is very variable, and any person who felt so inclined
might easily describe five or six new species on this and other
differences out of any large series of Corticaria.
GC. obscura, Bris. (depressa, Thoms.). “This species is allied to
C. serrata, but differs in being rather larger, of flatter and less oval
build, larger antennal club, laterally less rounded thorax (of which the
denticulations are finer behind, and the punctuation is not quite so close),
and less evidently pubescent but more finely punctured elytra,—the
interstitial rows and the strie themselves being equally delicate, and
so close that the surface seems to be very delicately transversely
sub-strigose” (Rye, Ent. Mo. Mag. vii. 274); the elytra, moreover,
appear to be rather depressed and parallel-sided ; the colour is usually
pitchy-black, but appears to be variable. L. 13-2 mm.
Under dry bark; Richmond Park (Rye and Champion) ; Esher (Power).
There is some doubt regarding this species, which Dr. Sharp omits
from his last catalogue.
Cc. elongata, Humm. Sublinear, depressed, testaceous, clothed with
thick pale pubescence, which is rather longer and arranged in rows on
the elytra ; head much narrower than thorax, forehead rather convex ;
eyes black, prominent ; thorax evidently transverse, about as broad as
u 2
292 CLAVICORNIA. [ Corticaria.
elytra, with sides very slightly narrowed behind; elytra parallel-sided,
with apex rounded, with distinct punctured striz, each interstice fur-
nished with a row of small hairs, and a series of minute punctures ; in
some specimens the disc of the thorax has an impression on each side ;
in the male the anterior and middle tibiew are slightly bent inward at
apex. L. 11-1; mm.
In haystack refuse, moss, &e. ; often by sweeping; generally distributed and common
throughout the greater part of England; Scotland, not common, Forth and Solway
districts ; Ireland, near Belfast and Waterford, and probably common.
C. fenestralis, L. (rufula, Zett.; Lathridius ferrugineus, Marsh.).
Oblong, rather depressed, shining, with very short pubescence, of a
dark chestnut-brown colour with the head black; thorax transverse,
obtusely quadrangular, only a little narrower than elytra, finely punc- ~
tured, with the sides only slightly narrowed towards base and obsoletely
crenulate ; elytra rather broader behind than in front, with fine punc-
tured striae and very minute rows of punctures on interstices ; legs
ferruginous ; male characters as in the preceding. L. 1$ mm.
In vegetable refuse, moss, &c. ; occasionally by sweeping; not common, and scarce
where it occurs, often being found singly; Chatham, Sevenoaks, Darenth Wood, Wey-
bridge, Ashtead, Horsell, Shirley, Croydon, Caterham, Esher, Crystal Palace (in
corridors) ; Soham and Wicken Fen, Cambridge ; Glanvilles Wootton; Manchester
district; Scotland, rare, Solway and Dee districts; Ireland, near Dublin.
The rather broad form (which is something like that of M. gibbosa),
chestnut-brown colour, delicate sculpture, and rather shining appear-
ance will serve to distinguish this very distinct species from its
allies. Other species besides those above. described have been on
different occasions erroneously introduced as British, and have after-
wards been dropped ; considerable confusion has also been caused by
the descriptions of certain species described. in Stephens’ Illustrations
not answering to the insects standing under the name in his collection ;
the species, as observed above, are so variable in different characters
that it would require a very careful examination of all the series in
our collections, and a close comparison with the continental types before
the question of the British species could be considered as settled ; it is
probable that we possess C. linearis, and perhaps Dr. Sharp’s series
standing. under fulva should be referred to C. longicollis (a species
that he inserts with a ? in his last catalogue), as except for their size,
which should be rather smaller, they agree very well with the descrip-
tion of that species ; they were mostly taken by Mr. Shepherd from an
old carpet in his house in Fleet Street, and may perhaps be an im-
portation ; three or four specimens were found in old wood in Neweastle
Street, and one came from Mr. Crotch without locality.
MELANOPHTHALMA, Motschulsky.
This genus has been further subdivided into two sub-genera as below
Melanophthalma.] CLAVICORNIA. 293
given; it contains about ten European species, two or three of
which are extremely variable; four British species have hitherto been
recognized, but I have lately found a fifth in Dr. Sharp’s collection ;
the club of the antenne is less abrupt than in Corticaria, and the
metasternum is not, or scarcely, impressed longitudinally ; the form, too,
is shorter and more oval.
I. Thorax much narrower than elytra, with sides feebly
rounded, and the posterior angles not produced in a
tooth. (Sub-gen. Melanophthalma, i. sp.)
i. Size smaller ; thorax narrow, almost as long as broad ;
elytra short oval, with sculpture well marked
towards base PMG ety steerer ome Cimice wo
ii. Size larger; thorax always broader than long;
elytra oblong-oval, with sculpture shallow, and
a . . . M. TRANSVERSALIS,
net marked! a Sure mts. wales :
v. WoLtuastont, Wat.
M. erpposa, Herbst,
IJ. Thorax not much narrower than elytra, with sides
rather strongly rounded, and the posterior angles pro-
duced in the formof a small tooth. (Sub-gen. Corti-
carina, Reitter.) *
i, Thorax not much broader than long; sculpture of
elytra strong; alternate interstices of elytra raised,
ten near suture . =. . °
. Thorax strongly transverse ; sculpture of ely tra much
acne alternate interstices of elytra not, or scarcely,
M. simiuata, Gyll.
raised.
1. Colour dark, fuscous; elytra evidently broader in
middle than thorax ; size larger. . , . - . M. Fuscuta, Mannh.
2, Colour more or less reddish or ferruginous; elytra at
broadest not much wider than thorax; size smaller M. FuLVIPFS, Com.
(curta, Woll.)
IM. gibbosa, Herbst. (‘mpressa, Marsh.). Fuscous, slightly shining,
clothed with rather thick pale pubescence, antenne and legs testaceous,
club. of former fuscous ; head nearly as broad as thorax, with eyes very
prominent; thorax narrow in proportion to elytra, about as long as
broad, broadest a little before middle, with sides gradually contracted
behind, distinctly punctured, with a curved fovea behind extending
almost to the lateral margins ; elytra rather short oval, with the humeral
angles well marked, with evident rows of punctured striee, and the in-
terstices furnished with series of very fine punctures, ‘and slightly
rugose transversely. L. 14-15 mm.
‘Male with the anterior tibie sinuate and furnished on the inside
with a small tooth a little before apex ; anterior tarsi with the first joint
dilated, and the trochanters produced in a tooth.
In moss, haystack refuse, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout the
kingdom. -
* Some authors prefer to assign the name Corticarina to the whole genus, and to
drop Motschulsky’s name on the ground that his genus included several species of
Corticaria proper, and is ill-defined.
294 CLAVICORNIA. [ Melunophthalina.
WM. transversalis, v.Wollastoni, Wat. JM. transversalis differs
from the preceding in being larger, with the thorax a little broader, and
less closely punctured, and with the fovea behind usually divided into
two; the punctured striw of the elytra are also finer, and the interstices
broader and less raised; it is a very variable insect, no less than seven
named varieties being mentioned in the European catalogue: the variety
which we possess appears only to differ from the type in being rather
larger and darker. L. 14-2 mm.
In haystack refuse, moss, &c., and in and among rushes on sand-hills near the sea ;
very local; Mablethorpe, Lincolnshire, in which place it was first taken by Mr.
Wollaston, and again found by myself in abundance in August, 1881; Sheerness,
Darenth Wood, Chatham, Southend; Kingsgate ; Weymouth; Devonshire.
NM. fuscula, Humm. (Corticarina fuscula, Reitter). Very like I.
gibbosa, but at once distinguished by the shape of the thorax, which is
broad and not much narrower than the elytra, and has the sides strongly
rounded, and the posterior angles armed with a minute tooth, and so
more prominent ; the colour is fuscous as in MM. gibbosa, but is some-
what variable; the thorax is strongly transverse, finely punctured, and
marked at base with a transverse fovea; the elytra are not very strongly
sculptured, and the interstices are narrow, and not, or scarcely, raised.
L. 12 mm.
In moss, vegetable refuse, &c.; not so abundant as M. gibbosa, but common and
generally distributed throughout the kingdom.
M. similata, Gyll. Very like the preceding , but easily dis-
tinguished by the shape of the thorax, which is nearly as long as broad,
and usually has three fovez at base, of which the lateral ones are more
or less obsolete ; the sculpture of the elytra is much stronger, and the
alternate interstices are raised and somewhat carinate, especially near
suture ; the colour of the type form is more or less ferruginous, but the
insect varies both in this point and in size. L. 13;-1{ mm.
Apparently very rare ; in Dr. Sharp’s s collection there is a specimen
of the type form without locality, and another of the larger dark variety
from Braemar ; there is also a specimen in Dr. Power's “collection from
Shirley, which appears to belong to this species, but has not the cha-
racters so well marked as in Dr. * Sharp’ S specimens.
IM. fulvipes, Com. ( fuscipennis, Mots. ; curta, Woll.). Entirely
ferruginous-red or reddish-brown, sometimes reddish-testaceous, with
the elytra darker, antennze and legs testaceous, club of former as a
rule not, or only slightly, darker ; thorax transverse, with a more or
less obsolete fovea at base ; elytra not much wider than thorax, short
oval or oval ; size smaller than in the preceding species. L. 1-l¢ mm.
In decaying sea-weed, at roots of grass, &c., insandy places on the coast; local, but
common where it oecurs; Rainham, Sheerness, Chatham, Whitstable, Southend;
Margate, Kingsgate, and Kent coast generally; Hastings, Brighton, Weymouth,
Melanophthalna. | CLAVICORNIA. 295
Isle of Wight, &e ; it does not, however, occur further north than the London
district, as far as is at present known,
Our British form is the v. meridionalis, Reitter; we do not appear
to possess the type form, which is pitch-black, and on an average
larger.
CUCUJIDA.
As in the case of the Colydiide, so also in the case of this family, we
only possess a few fragmentary genera containing altogether some sixteen
or seventeen species, and several of these are cosmopolitan insects
which have been introduced by commerce ; we need not, therefore, dis-
cuss their classification; in the Munich catalogue thirty-eight genera
and about two hundred species are enumerated, but these have since
been considerably increased ; by Duval and other authors the Monoto-
mide are included under this family, but their 3-jointed tarsi seem to
place them in closer proximity with the Lathridiide.
The following are some of the chief characters of the family:—
Antenne inserted at the margin of the front, 11-jointed, sometimes
long and slender, sometimes with the apical joints forming an indis-
tinct club ; anterior coxal cavities open behind in the Cucujina and
Hylotina, closed in the Silvanina, Hypocoprina, and Psammeechina ;
anterior cox small; tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes, or with the posterior
tarsi occasionally 4-jointed in the males.
The species live mostly under bark, but some are found in grain, rice, sugar, &c.,
and thus have been distributed by commerce.
This family may be divided into the following tribes :—
I, Anterior coxal cavities open behind.
i. First joint of antenne not strongly elongate ; tarsi
ae male 5-5-4-jointed, of female all 5-jointed . . . Cucugina,
. First joint of antenne strongly elongate; all the
ee 5-jointed in both sexes. . Sia 0 6 0 6 Jeb uieoyinT,
II. Anterior coxal cavities closed behind.
i. First joint of tarsi short; point of prosternum very
narrow between anterior coxe.
1, Antenne gradually thickened towards apex, with-
out distinct club; elytra punctate-striate; last
joint of maxillary palpi large . . . PSAMM@CHINA,
2. Antenne with 3-jointed club ; elytra not pune-
tate-striate; punctuation obsolete; last joint of
maxillary palpi aimll oeg 6 « - + . » HYPOCOPRINA.
ii. Fourth joint of tarsi very small; ; point of prosternum
rather broad between anterior coxee . . . . . « SILVANINA.
CUCUJINA.
This will probably be found to be a very extensive and widely
spread tribe; there are five European genera, of which two are found in
Britain ; Lemoph lous is cosmopolitan.
2° CLAVICORNIA. [ Cuewina.
I. Thorax with margins dentate, without longitudinal }
lines on each side of dise. . . . . .. . . « ~ Pupracus, Shuck.
II. Thorax with margins simple, with at least one longi-
tudinal impressed line on each side of dise . . . . . LxmopHi@us, Er.
PEDIAGUWS, Shuckard.
This genus contains a few species from North America, the Canary
Islands, &c.; three are found in Europe, two of which occur very
rarely in Britain; they live under bark.
The larva of P. dermestoides is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr., 1862,
p- 190, pl. 5, fig. 535 ; it is 6 mm. long, reddish, very depressed, with long sete. at the
sides; the head is much broader than long, slightly broader than thorax, which is
longer than meso- and metathorax, and the first seven segments of abdomen are not
very different in length and breadth, and are narrowed in front and behind; the
eighth segment is very long, as long as the three preceding together, with sides
nearly straight in front, and dilated behind into a small tubercle on each side; the
ninth segment is long, much narrowed in middle, and terminated in a divergent
fork ; this larva has been found by Perris parasitic on the larvae of Tomicus steno-
graphus.
I. Thorax plainly transverse, with posterior angles form-
ing a very distinct sharp tooth. . . . . . . . . P. DERMESTOIDEs, F.
II. Thorax about as long as broad, with posterior angles
forming a very small blunttooth. . . . . . . . P. Depressus, Herbst.
P. dermestoides, F. Reddish-brown, somewhat shiny; head
short, triangular, with eyes very prominent, antenne rather stout, with
3-jointed club, and with the seventh joint much broader than the
eighth ; thorax a little narrower than elytra, transverse, usually dark
brown or blackish with the edges lighter, rather thickly punctured, with
depressions on disc, sides with three or four indistinct teeth, posterior
angles forming a rather sharp tooth ; elytra parallel, flat, depressed on
each side of suture, very finely and obsoletely punctured ; legs reddish-
testaceous. L. 3-4 mm.
Under bark and in chinks of freshly cut oak, beech, and hornbeam ; very rare ;
Chatham (Walker); Loughton, Essex, and Cobham (Power); Hainault Forest ;
New Forest ; Sherwood.
P. depressus, Herbst. This species resembles the preceding in
general appearance, but is narrower, and is easily distinguished by its
longer thorax, of which the lateral teeth are more pronounced, and the
posterior angles only form a small blunt tooth ; the colour is lighter, and
the general appearance is more shiny; the antenne are longer with
the third joint plainly longer in proportion, and the legs are stouter ;
the colour is reddish-testaceous, and the thorax is not darker as is the
rule with the preceding species. L. 3-4 mm.
Under bark of oaks, &e.; rare; Knutsford Park and Stretford near Manchester
(Hardy), out of chinks of very rotten oak, in a yellowish, minute fungus, like mould ;
Dunham Park, Manchester, in Cossus burrows (Chappell); Stretford, on the wing
Pediacus. | CLAVICORNIA, 297
(Reston) ; it has also been taken by Mr. Wollaston sparingly, among British stores,
on board a yacht at Dartmouth.
LEMOPHLGUS, Erichson.
This genus contains more than fifty species, which are very widely
distributed ; it is, however, impossible to discuss their distribution with
any certainty, as some of them are almost cosmopolitan, and are carried
from one part of the world to another in grain, &e.; thus LZ. pusillus is
described under various names from England, France, Brazil, Surinam,
&e. ; many, however, are found under bark, where their larve appear
to be parasitic on species of Tomicus, Hylesinus, &e.
Westwood (Classific. i, 149) describes the larva of Lemophleus ater
(Cucujus Spartti) as long, narrow, and subdepressed, of a fleshy con-
sistence and white colour, except the head and terminal joint of the
body, which are a yellowish-brown ; the thoracic segments are semi-
transparent, so as to show the motion of the base of the legs from above ;
when disturbed, it slightly elevates the extremity of the body, which is
terminated by two short but rigid incurved hooks.
Perris (Ann. Fr. p. 618, pl. 19, 122) deseribes and figures the larva
of L. Dufouri, which has a narrow orbicular head and the abdomen
ventricose, or rather fusiform, being broadest in middle and narrowed in
front and behind ; the eighth segment is long and narrow, and the ninth
short and terminated in two rather strong short hooks ; according to
this author the larva of Z. ater preys on the larvee of Hylesinus rhodo-
dactylus, and that of L. clematidis on the larve of Tomicus bispinus.
I. Forehead with a fine longitudinal line, trisinuate in
front; each elytron with a black spot). . + + ++ L. BimacuLatus, Payk.
Jl. Forehead without longitudinal line, truncate in
front ; upper surface ferruginous, rarely black.
;. Thorax with two longitudinal lines on each side. . L. pupiicatus, Waltl.
ii. Thorax with one longitudinal line on each side.
1. Posterior angles of thorax right angles or acute.
A. Antennze of male as long as body; thorax not
eontidedsat siden... wo veh eo eo Mere ae cts, eee Lig RUBIES, Schin.
B. Antennz of malea little more than half as long
as body; thorax rounded before middle . . - L. FERRUGINEUS, Sleph.
2. Posterior angles of thorax obtuse.
A. Elytra together about twice as long as broad,
or less, unevenly striated; colour black, rarely
dark ferrugimous . - . + « » + + * * + L. ATER, Ol.
B. Elytra together more than double as long as
broad, evenly striated, colour ferruginous. . - L. CLEMATIDIS, Er.
Z. bimaculatus, Payk. (unifasciatus, Latr.). Depressed, very
shiny, bright reddish-testaceous, with a large black spot on each behind
middle, which nearly meet at suture ; head large, thickly punctured, with
a fine longitudinal line in middle, antenne very long and slender; thorax
alittle shorter than broad, narrowed behind, posterior angles almost
298 CLAVICORNIA, [ Lemophlous.
right angles, rather thickly and finely punctured, with one stria on each
side ; elytra finely and obsoletely striate, interstices finely punctured ;
legs reddish-testaceous. L. 13-25 mm.
Male with the head larger and the thorax more strongly narrowed
behind.
Under bark of oak, beech, and hornbeam ; rare; Richmond Park (W. J. Saunders) ;
Gore Court, near Bearsted (Gorham); Wimbledon Park (Rye); Loughton, Essex ;
Hainault Forest, under bark of hornbeam (Douglas); Bromley, Kent (under oak) ;
New Forest.
&. duplicatus, Waltl. A small narrow species, reddish-testaceous;
head finely punctured, antenne rather stout ; thorax as long as broad, not
much narrowed behind, posterior angles almost right angles, exceedingly
finely punctured, with two impressed lines on each side; elytra almost
parallel-sided, feebly striated and punctured. L. 13-12 mm.
Male with the head as broad as thorax, antenne longer, thorax more
strongly narrowed behind, and apex of elytra truncate; in the female
the head is narrower than the thorax, the antenne are shorter, the
thorax less strongly narrowed behind, and the apex of elytra rounded ;
these differences are found in other species.
Under bark of beech, oak, &c.; locel and usually uncommon; Maidstone, Chatham,
Farnborough, Coombe Wood, Balcombe, Esher, Bromley, Horsell, Mickleham,
Highgate ; New Forest ; Holm Bush, near Brighton; at Bromley and Esher it has
occurred in large numbers.
ZL. pusillus, Schon. (longicornis, Mannh.). Rather larger on the
average than the preceding species, and distinguished from it by having
only one impressed line on each side of the thorax, and by the fact that the
antennee of the male are almost as long as the whole body; the elytra
also are more plainly striated, and the general form is broader. L.
15-1¢ mm.
In granaries ; imported with corn; found by Mr. Fitch at Maldon, Essex, and lately
(1888) by Mr. C. G. Hall near Dover.
h. ferrugineus, Steph. (testaceus, Payk., nec Fabr.). Reddish-
testaceous, shining, parallel-sided, with more evident pubescence than in
the preceding species; head very finely and rather diffusely punctured,
antenne with the eighth joint shorter than the seventh ; thorax about as
long as broad, narrowed behind, posterior angles almost right angles,
upper surface very finely and not very thickly punctured, with one very
fine impressed line on each side; elytra parallel, rounded at apex, in
both sexes covering the whole abdomen, with fine striz, interstices
irregularly punctured, the fourth raised in rather a strong keel; legs
reddish-testaceous, femora broad. L. 2 mm.
Male with the head broader, the antennz longer, and the thorax more
strongly narrowed behind; the outer side of the mandibles also at base is
produced into a tooth.
Lemophleus. | CLAVICORNIA. 299
In haystack refuse, rarely under bark, also in granaries; perhaps introduced ;
common in many localities; London district ; Hertford ; Cambridge; Chat Moss ;
Norwich; Birmingham district; Northumberland and Durham district ; it has
occurred in London itself, and also in Tilgate Forest, &e.
L. ater, Ol. (Cucujus Spartii, Curtis). Very closely related to the
preceding, black or dark ferruginous, depressed, parallel-sided, finely
pubescent, antenne and legs pitchy-red or red; thorax as long as broad,
narrowed behind, very finely punctured, with one impressed line on each
side ; elytra closely and obsoletely striated, with the alternate interstices
somewhat raised, sides carinate. L. 25 mm.
Male with the head very large, the thorax more strongly narrowed
behind, and the outer side of the mandibles produced into a tooth at
base ; there appears only to be a slight difference in the length of the
antennee in the sexes.
In dead stems of broom (Spartium scoparium), &e.; rare; Darenth Wood ;
Coombe Wood; Wiltshire (under decayed elm-bark) ; Birmingham district, Small-
heath, &e. (Blatch).
. clematidis, Er. Elongate, narrow, parallel-sided, ferruginous,
with exceedingly fine and short pubescence ; head and thorax thickly
and rugosely punctured, antenne stout, rather short ; thorax as broad as
elytra, rather longer than broad, gradually narrowed behind, with a fine
impressed line on each side ; elytra very long, more than double as long
as broad, thickly, evenly, and rather deeply striated ; legs reddish-tes-
taceous. L. 22-3 mm.
Male with the head larger than in the female.
In dead stems of Clematis vifalba (Travellers’ Joy); rare; Gravesend (Janson) ;
Dartford (Champion) ; Henley (Power).
HYLIOTINA.
This tribe only contains two European genera, which are both very
widely distributed in other parts of the world; in Europe they are each
represented by one species, which are both found in Britain, although
very rarely.
T. Thorax longer than broad, not serrate at sides. . . DENDROPHAGUS, Schén.
II, Thorax broader than long, serrate at sides . . . . BRONTES, F.
DENDROPHAGUS; Schonherr.
This genus contains about a dozen species, which are very widely dis-
tributed, representatives being found in Northern Asia and North
America (Alaska and the Lake Superior district), as well as in Tasmania,
New Zealand, and the Philippine Islands; the genus in its larval
state seems to be much more closely related to Brontes than in the
perfect condition.
300 CLAVICORNIA, [ Dendrophagus.
The larva of D. crenatus is described by Dr. Buchanan White (Ent. Monthly Mag.
viii. 196), and the description is discussed and criticized by M. Perris (Larves des
Coléoptéres, p. 60); it is of a pale yellowish-white colour, elongate, depressed, and
parallel, with rather long antennze (which are 4-jointed according to Perris, and
3-jointed according to White),* and long and slender legs which are terminated by
a single claw ; ocelli five; mandibles tridentate at apex ; prothorax quadrate, some-
what transverse ; last segment bearing two long cerci, anal appendage rather long
and narrow. L. 9-10 mm.
This larva is very active, and is said by Dr. White to feed on the
inner layer of the bark of dead trees of the Scotch fir and larch ; it
is, however, probably. carnivorous, like so many other of the larvee of the
Colydiidee and Cucujide.
D. crenatus, Payk. Elongate, very flat, black, pitchy-black, or
brownish, very shining; head large, uneven, diffusely punctured, eyes
large and prominent ; antennz long, brownish-red, with the first joint
elongate, second shorter than third, apical joints not thickened; thorax a
little longer than broad, with sides sinuate, coarsely punctured, with two
shallow longitudinal depressions in middle; elytra parallel-sided, very
flat, with fine striz, which are thickly and deeply punctured, each punc-
ture bearing a short fine hair; legs brown-red or ferruginous, femora
thickened ; in the male the antenne are rather longer than in the female.
L. 6-7 mm.
Under bark of firs and larches; very local ; Scotland, Tay, Dee, and Moray
districts (Rannoch, Braemar, Aviemore, &c.); the beetle appears, towards evening, to
come out from its hiding-place ; Rye, at all events, records the capture of a specimen
“ coursing rapidly, towards evening, over a bare fir-log.”
BRONTES, Fabricius (/yliota, Latreille).
About twenty species are recorded as belonging to this genus; they
are widely distributed, being recorded from North and South America,
Java, Ceylon, the Australian region, &c. ; one only is found in Europe ;
it is widely distributed ‘over the central and northern portions of the
Continent; it is closely allied to Dendrophagus, but is easily distin-
guished by its dull appearance and the serrate sides of the thorax,
which is much shorter.
The larva of B. planatus is described and figured by Perris (Ann. Fr., 1853,
p. 621, pl. 19, fig. 127); it so closely resembles that of Dendrophagus that it hirdly
needs a separate description; it is rather smaller, and has the cerci shorter; the
pupa is much narrowed behind, and has the sides of the abdominal segments fur-
nished with setigerous prominences ; the larva is active, and appears to be carnivorous,
and to prey on the larvee of Tomicus, and on Podure, Acari, &e.
B. planatus, L. Elongate, very much depressed, dull black, some-
times brownish, thinly clothed with very short fine greyish hairs, which
* Dr. White appears to have overlooked the basal joint, which is inconspicuous.
Brontes.] CLAVICORNIA. 301
are arranged in rows on the elytra ; head thickly and somewhat rugosely
punctured, with somewhat prominent eyes, antenna as long as the
whole body, ferruginous, first Joint very long, often lighter than the
rest, second shorter than third ; thorax transverse, narrowed behind,
with the sides serrate, rugosely punctured, with two indistinct shallow
longitudinal furrows ; elytra with shallow striz, which are feebly punc-
tured, fifth interstice strongly raised in a keel; legs ferruginous or
reddish-testaceous ; in the males the antenne are rather longer than in
the female. L. 5 mm.
Under bark of dead beech-trees ; very rare ; several specimens taken by Mr. Rye
from a standing tree near Putney ; Blackheath (Douglas).
V. pallens, F. (B. pallens, F.). This variety is yellowish-testaceous ;
it was taken by Mr. Rye at Putney with the type form.
PSAMMCCHINA.
This tribe contains two European genera, which are each represented
by one species ; one of these is widely distributed in Europe ; the first
joint of the tarsi is short, the third long, bilobed; the antenne are
gradually thickened towards apex, and have the first joint elongate ;
the anterior cox are contiguous, and their cavities are broadly closed
behind, and the prosternal process is very narrow.
PSAMM@CHUS, Latreille.
This genus contains three or four species from Europe, Ceylon, and
the Island of Mauritius; they are found among vegetable refuse in
damp places.
P. bipunctatus, F. Testaceous, with the head black, except
vertex which is reddish, thorax often reddish, elytra with the suture
behind and a spot on each black ; under-side mostly black or dark
brown; head thickly and strongly punctured, antenne rather long,
yellow, with the two or three penultimate joints blackish or brownish ;
thorax half as broad as elytra, transverse, evenly and not strongly
rounded at sides, distinctly punctured ; elytra with strong punctured
strie and broad interstices in each of which is a row of very fine punc-
tures ; legs clear yellow. L. 2; mm.
Marshy places, at roots of grass and in refuse; not uncommon, but loeal, and not
found in the North of England or in Scotland ; Lee,. Strood, Higham, Hammersmith
Marshes, Bearsted, Wickham, Southend; Birchington; Folkestone ; Hastings ;
Cowes; Winchester ; Southampton ; Devonshire; Wicken Fen and Soham; Coles-
hilland Sutton near Birmingham (abundant in the former place at the sides of a
pond).
The v, Boudiert has the head red and the antenne entirely yellow ;
302 CLAVICORNIA. [Psammeachus.
I am not aware if it occurs in England, but immature specimens of P.
bipunctatus seem to come near it.
HYPOCOPRINA.
The position of this tribe has always been a source of great discus-
sion, ever since the genus Hypocoprus was first discovered ; the majority
of authors have referred it to the Cryptophagide, to which it certainly
is somewhat closely related ; Thomson (Skand. Col. x. 353) regards it
as intermediate between MMonotoma and Myrmecoxenus; Dr. Horn
(Classification of the Coleoptera of North America, p. 140) places it as
a tribe of the Mycetophagide ; on the whole, however, the position
assigned to it by Reitter between the Psammechina and Silvanina,
appears to be the most natural, and I have, therefore, although with
some reserve, adopted it.
HYPOCOPRUS, Motschulsky.
This genus comprises two or three species from Europe and Madeira ;
our single species is very rare, and has not been found for many years.
H. latridioides, Mots. Elongate and linear, upper surface rather
depressed, slightly shining, with very fine and scarcely visible pubes-
cence, pitchy-black with the antenne and legs ferruginous ; head rather
large, subtriangular; antenne rather long, inserted at some distance
before eyes, 11-jointed, with the last three joints thicker, forming a
club ; thorax longer than broad, subquadrate, with the sides not crenu-
late ; elytra obsoletely punctured, without striz, broadly rounded at
apex; anterior coxe not widely separated, all the tarsi 5-jointed. L.
1-1j; mm. f
Very rare ; under cow-dung in a sandy field at Brandon, Suffolk; taken sparingly
by Mr. Crotch ; it appears to be very scarce on the Continent. Thomson compares
this puzzling species to Monotoma longicollis, to which insect it bears a superficial
resemblance ; Rye says that it may be superficially described as a black specimen of
Lissodema 4-guttata, of the size of Lathridius ruficollis.
SILVANINA.
Six genera belonging to this tribe are found in Europe, three of which
are represented in Britain ; several of the species are cosmopolitan ; the
anterior coxal cavities are broadly closed behind, and the tarsi are 5-
jointed in both sexes, and have the fourth joint very small.
I. Club of antenne 4-jointed, . . . . + + + + + + NaAvsiBius, Redt.
II. Club of antenne 3-jointed.
i. Joints of club of antenna of equal breadth . . . . . Srtvanus, Latr.
ii. Central joint of club of antenne broader than the other
lwo) eo bee ee 8 eS a OR Ge. CA DU eer
Nausibius. | CLAVICORNIA. 303
NAUSIBIUS, Redtenbacher.
One or two species only are included in this genus ; they differ from
Silvanus by the somewhat indistinctly 4- jointed - club of the antennee ;
Westwood (Classific. i. 153) says that the larva of our species may often
be found dead in sugar, and observed floating in tea or coffee ; it is elongate,
depressed, and glabrous, with the central abdominal segments rather
broader and the terminal segment entire.
N. dentatus, Marsh. Fuscous-brown, elongate, subparallel, de-
pressed, rather dull, clothed with very fine yellowish pubescence; head sub-
triangular, eyes large and prominent, placed close to thorax, antennze short
and stout with somewhat indistinct 4-jointed club; thorax subquadrate,
shghtly narrowed behind, very httle longer than broad, scarcely narrower
than elytra, with sides furnished with six rather blunt distinct teeth ;
elytra almost three times as long as thorax, with fine punctate striae,
alternate interstices, especially the external ones, somewhat raised. L.
3 min.
In sugar, &c. ; an introduced species ; London and other towns in different parts of
the kingdom ; not uncommon,
SILVANUS, Latrcille.
This genus contains between twenty and thirty species, which are
widely distributed, but as in the case of Leemophlceus their original dis-
tribution cannot be known with any certainty, as several of “them are
almost cosmopolitan, having been carried from one quarter to another by
commerce ; the same holds good also with regard to Cathartus and
N qusibiue.- the habits of these genera are, however, somewhat of a pro-
blem, as occasionally (as also is found in the case of Carp philus) species
supposed to have been imported are found by sweeping or under bark
under circumstances that seem to prove them to be indigenous,
The larva of Silvanus unidentatus is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr., 1853,
p- 627, pl. 19, fig. 138; it is of a whitish colour with the head and thorax darker,
and calls for no particular description, being linear and subparallel with the head
transverse ; the ninth segment of abdomen is small and narrow, and bears no cerci ;
the larva is rather active ; ; the pupa has the last segment of abdomen narrow and ter-
minated by two short cerci; Westwood (Classific. i, 153, fig. 13, 10, 11) figures
the larva and pupa of S. surinamensis ; the larva is rather stout and broad: and the
pupa has the margins of the 2ebdomen and thorax armed with short thick points.
J. Cheeks large, and projecting behind eyes, which are re-
moved to a distance from thorax ; sides of thorax serrate,
anterior angles not or scarcely more preaner’ than the
preceding denuticulations . . ot . S, SURINAMENSIS, L.
II. Cheeks behind eyes slightly projecting in a very " small
tooth, eyes close to thorax ; sides of thorax not serrate,
anterior angles much produced and projecting.
i. Slightly shiny; thorax longer than broad; anterior
angles producedinashort point. . . . . . . . S. UNIDENTATUS, Ol.
304 OLAVICORNIA. [ Selvanis.
i. Dull; thorax much longer than broad; anterior angles
produced in a very strong sharp point.
1. Elytra depressed, about as broad as thorax, antenne
Shorterand stouter =, ~. %: « + +; « is ss «, «| +, S- BEDENTATUS, 2.
2 Elytra convex, distinctly broader than thorax, antennee
longer and more slender. . . . . +. © + . 9. SIMILIS, Hr.
S. surinamensis, L. (frumentarius, F.; sexdentatus, F.). Narrow,
almost parallel-sided, depressed, fuscous brown, rather thickly clothed
with fine greyish-yellow pubescence ; head a little narrower than thorax,
rather large, narrowed in front of antenns, very thickly.and deeply punc-
tured ; antenne rather steut ; thorax slightly narrower than elytra, longer
than broad, serrate at sides, with three distinct raised keels, very thickly
punctured ; the anterior angles project in a more or less strong point,
which is however not, or not much, more pronounced than the preceding
denticulations ; elytra rounded at apex, with regular punctured striae,
alternate interstices elevated ; iegs ferruginous. LL. 3 mm.
In sugar, dried figs, rice, &e.; an introduced and cosmopolitan species ; London,
Dublin, and other towns, not uncommon ; it is, however, occasionally found at a dis-
tance from habitations. Mr. Bold remarks that in warm seasons it becomes so numerous
in many grocers’ shops in Newcastle as to be a nuisance, rendering unsightly the
sugar and dried fruits among which it lives and breeds. Professor Westwood says
that he has specimens from Yorkshire, Epping Forest, and Scotland, taken under bark
of trees.
S. unidentatus, F. Rather shining, reddish-yellow or brownish-
red, with very short and fine yellowish pubescence; head triangular
narrowed before eyes, antenne with a plainer club than in the preceding
species; thorax a little longer than broad, anterior angles produced in a
distinct but not very elongate point, with sides not serrate and narrowed
behind, together with head very thickly punctured, posterior angles den-
ticulate ; elytra with very close punctured strize, interstices very narrow ;
legs ferruginous. L. 23 mm.
Under bark of beech, oak, hornbeam, &c. ; local, but often common where it occurs ;
London district, widely distributed ; New Forest ; Exeter; Stretford, near Manches-
ter (flying); not recorded from Scotland or Ireland; the localities known for this
species seem to show that it has been introduced, and has to a certain extent natural-
ized itself.
S. bidentatus, F. (laricis, Chevr.). Very like the preceding, but
larger and evidently duller; the anterior angles of thorax are produced
into a longer, sharper, and evidently more distinct tooth; the thorax is
longer and narrower, and has two shallow longitudinal grooves ; the joints
of the antenne are longer and the club is more marked, and the tibie
are less dilated at apex. L. 3 mm.
Under bark ; very rare; Dunham Park, Manchester, under bark of a large branch
of oak which had been broken off in a gale (Chappell) ; Newcastle, very rare (Bold) ;
Paisley, one specimen under fir bark (Morris Young).
S. similis, Er. (fag, Guer.). Allied to S. wnidentatus, but easily
Stlvanus. | OLAVICORNIA. 305
distinguished by having the elytra much broader in proportion to the
thorax, which has the anterior angles more strongly and distinctly pro-
duced, and the posterior angles not denticulate; the elytra also are
slightly ovate ; the colour is usually reddish-brown, but occasionally the
disc of the elytra is darker. L. 23 mm.
In dead branches of the Scotch fir; first taken by Dr. Power near Esher, and after-
wards in numbers by Mr. Champion, who says “ there can be no mistaking the habits
of this species here—its only recorded British locality—although it has been stated to
occur in sugar.’ Dr, Power appears also to have found the species at Cobham Park.
CATHARTUS, Reiche.
Four species belonging to this genus are mentioned in the last Euro-
pean catalogue, three of which are regarded as doubtful ; the fourth also,
C. advena, must be considered an importation, although, like S. swrinam-
ensis, it has been found at some distance from habitations ; it has usually
been classed with Si/vanus, but is smaller and very different in appear-
ance, and has the central joint of the club of antenne larger than the
others.
C. advena, Walt]. More convex, less parallel, and smaller than
either of our other species belonging to the Silvanina ; reddish-testaceous
or brownish-red, rather shiny, clothed with fine short yellowish pubes-
cence ; head subtriangular, very finely punctured, antenne moderately
long with the first joint of club much smaller than seeond, and the second
larger than the apical joint ; thorax transversely subquadrate, with sides
almost straight, very finely punctured, anterior angles forming a small
blunt tooth, posterior angles right angles; elytra long oval, with fine
punctured striz, which become obsolete towards apex ; legs ferruginous
or testaceous; the insect bears a very strong resemblance to certain
species of Cryptophagus. L. 2 mm.
In rice, &e. ; very rarely found out of doors ; an introduced species; London, not
uncommon; I have also received it from Scotland ; Mr. Waterhouse has found three
specimens at Wandsworth under cut grass,
BYTURIDZ.
The position of this family has been, and still is, much disputed.
Erichson classed it with the Melyride, Stephens with the Engide,
Du Val with the Telmatophilide, Kiesenwetter with the Nitidulide,
and Redtenbacher and Lacordaire with the Dermestide ; others again
place it under the Mycetophagide, from which it appears to be separated
by the number of tarsal joints, the closed anterior coxal cavities, and
the toothed claws ; the 5-jointed tarsi, of which the second and third
joints are-lobed beneath, seem to bring it into elose connection with
the Telmatophilina ; as, however, Professor Westwood observes (Classif.
Ins. vol. i. p. 142), in its habit of frequenting flowers, and in the bilobed
form of the third and minute size of the fourth joints of the tarsi, it
VOL. Ill. x
306 CLAVICORNIA. [Byturide.
approaches the Nitidulide ; it is here provisionally placed near the
-Telmatophilina.
The larva of B. fomentosus sometimes does great damage to the blossom and fruit
of the raspberry; it is cylindrical, depressed in front, with the head brown and the
scuta brownish; the abdomen is terminated by two short brown cerci and a cylin-
drical tubercle which is retractile, and is employed as a proleg; the pupa is very
pilose (Thoms. Skand. Col. iv. 192).
BYTURWS, Laireille.
Four or five species are contained in this genus, which appear to be
to) ’
confined to Europe and North America; our two British species are
closely allied, and have been classed together by some authors; they
appear, however, to be quite distinct; they cannot be separated by
colour, as both species present two distinct forms, the one fuscous with
grey pubescence which has a slight greenish tinge, and the other luteous
with yellowish pubescence.
I. Eyes very large; pubescence coarser ; elytra rather more
strongly punctured; average size larger . . . . . . » B.SAMBUCI, Scop.
II. Eyes moderate; pubescence finer; elytra less strongly
punctured; average size smaller . . . . .. . =. . . B. TOMENTOSUS, F.
B. sambuci, Scop. (estivus, Thoms. ; tomentosus, Gyll.). Oblong,
rather convex, of a more or less obscure luteous colour with yellow
pubescence, or fuscous with greyish pubescence which has a slight
greenish tinge ; head closely punctured, eyes very large, antenne red,
short, with 3-jointed club; thorax very transverse, thickly punctured,
with sides rounded in front, strongly depressed towards posterior angles,
side margins explanate ; elytra long in proportion to thorax, closely but
distinctly punctured ; legs red or reddish-testaceous, posterior tibiee very
finely spinulose. L. 3-4 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie feebly sinuate on their inner margin, and
somewhat dilated towards apex.
By sweeping flowers, &c. ; somewhat local, but rather common in many localities ;
London district, Caterham, Mickleham, Shirley, Snodland, Chatham, Darenth
Wood, Westerham, Bearsted, Dulwich, &c.; Hastings ; Knowle ; Bewdley; Llan-
gollen; Stretford, near Manchester; Liverpool district on Salix pentandria and
Caltha palustris ; Northumberland district, not common.
B. tomentosus, F. (ochraceus, Scriba). Very like the preceding,
but on the average smaller and proportionally shorter, with the thorax
not so transverse, and less strongly impressed towards posterior angles ;
the margins also of the thorax are less explanate ; the elytra are more
finely punctured, and the pubescence is finer; the eyes, moreover, are
smaller, and the posterior tibie are scarcely spinulose ; in the male the
anterior tibise are slightly sinuate internally, as in the preceding
species. L. 3 mm.
By sweeping flowers ; especially common on raspberry blossoms; it also occurs on
the mountain ash and many Ranuneulace, and other flowers ; common and generally
distributed throughout the greater part of the kingdom.
Cryptophagide. | CLAVICORNIA. 307
CRYPTOPHAGIDE.
This family contains between twenty and thirty genera, which are
very widely distributed, but appear, as far as is at present known, to
be much more characteristic of cold and temperate than of tropical
countries ; they are, as a rule, very small and obscure insects, and may
be known by the following characters: —Antennez inserted a little before
or between the eyes, distant or approximate, 11-jointed, terminating
ina 3-jointed, very rarely, 2-jointed club, thorax with the sides margined
or denticulate ; elytra covering abdomen; abdomen composed of five
free segments, of which the first is the largest ; anterior coxal cavities
open behind (except in the Diphyllina); all the coxe more or less
distant, the anterior pairs transverse and oval, and the posterior pairs
more widely distant, semi-cylindrical ; upper surface more or less setose
or pubescent, sometimes very strongly so ; tarsi 5-jointed, in some genera
heteromerous in the males.
I. Anterior coxal cavities closed behind ; antenne with a 3-
or 2-jointed club. . . 5 8 o oo 6 of J0MmavanNaSe\.
II. Anterior coxal cavities open behind; antenns with a 3-
jointed club (except in Cenoscelis, where it is apparently
2-jointed).
i. Tarsi 5-jointed, apparently 4-jointed, the fourth joint
being very small and aie second and third joints
lobed . . . TELMATOPHILINA.
ii. Tarsi distinctly "5-jointed in both sexes, or heteromerous :
in the male; second and third joints not lobed.
1. Autennz inserted at the sides of the forehead, broadly
distant at base; thorax with the sides usually denticu-
oe upper surface more or less setose . . . CRYPTOPHAGINA.
. Antenne inserted on the forehead between ‘the eyes,
eee ae at base; thorax with the sides not denticu-
late ; upper surface ilotsctouet eee ATOMARIINA,
DIPHYLLINA.
This tribe has by most authors been placed under the Mycetophagide,
but appears to bear a far closer relation to the Telmatophilina, which it
resembles in the fact that its members have the tarsi 5-jointed (the
fourth joint being very small), and more or less lobed beneath ; it differs
from the Telmatophilina in having the elytra furnished with distinct
punctured strie, and the anterior coxal cavities closed behind; the
three first joints of the tarsi are feebly lobed beneath, and the first joint
is shorter than the second, whereas in the allied tribe the third joint is
strongly lobed, and the second feebly lobed, the first being as long as
the second, and not lobed; the tribe contains two or three genera, of
which Marginus, Leconte, is now merged with Diplocelus.
J. Club of antenne 2-jointed . . . . . « .. =. +. . DtIpHyiLus, Steph.
II. Club of antennzy 3-jomted . . . ... =.=. =. =. +. DIPLOCHLUS, Guer.
308 CLAVICORNIA. [| Diphyllus.
DIPHYLLUS, Stephens.
This genus contains only two species, which are found in Europe and
the Atlantic Islands: the larva of D. lunatus is described and figured
by Perris, Ann. Fr., 1851, p. 42, t. 2, III. f. 10-16 ; it much resembles
that of Triphyllus punctatus, but is more linear, being almost parallel-
sided, and scarcely wider in the middle; it is 6 mm. in length, of a
whitish colour, with the head and part ef the thorax reddish; the anal
segment is rounded at apex ; it has been met with in the fungus Spheria
concentrica, Pers.
D. lunatus, F. Oblong-ovate, slightly shining, black or fuscous
black, with thick fuscous pubescence ; elytra with acommon Iunate band
of greyish-white pubescence, which is very conspicuous; head strongly
punctured, antenne rather short, ferruginous, with a very distinct
2-jointed club; thorax not strongly transverse, finely crenulate at sides,
strongly punctured, with a distinct raised line near margin, and another
straighter one inside it; elytra subparallel, with distinct punctured
strie ; legs red. L. 25-3 mm.
In the black fungus and under bark of old ash-trees; local, and, as a rule, rare ;
Chatham, Sheerness, Coombe Wood; Netley; Isle of Wight; Plymouth; Fowey ;
Leigh Woods, Bristol ; Salford Priors, Evesham ; Grimsby.
DIPLOCGLUS, Guérin.
This genus contains four or five species from Europe and North
America, one being found in Cuba; it is distinguished from Diphyllus,
which it much resembles in general appearance, by the 3-jointed club of
the antenne; our single species is very rare in Britain, and has only
occurred in the New Forest.
D. fagi, Guer. Oblong-ovate, of longer and narrower form than
Diphyllus, clothed with yellowish-grey pubescence ; head considerably
narrowed before eyes, thickly punctured, antenne short, ferruginous
with 8-jointed club; thorax transverse, distinctly punctured, with
margins slightly crenulate, and with two raised lines before margins,
the inner one of which is rather indistinct ; the head and thorax vary
somewhat in colour, but are usually ferruginous-red ; elytra dark, with
base and shoulders, and occasionally apex, more or less broadly ferru-
ginoua, rather long, parallel-sided, with distinct punctured striz ; legs
red. L, 25-3 mm.
Under bark, &c.; very rare; New Forest ; taken in some numbers by C. Turner,
who first captured it in the autumn of 1867.
TELMATOPHILINA.
The members of this tribe are small and obscure insects; the single
Telmatophilina. | CLAVICORNIA. 309
Kuropean genus has much the same facies as Cryptophagus, but Dr.
Horn remarks that the American genus Loberus pecemibles, at first
sight, a small Halticine of the genus Crepidodera ;” the 5-jointed, but
apparently 4-jointed, tarsi, of which the fourth joint is very small and
obsolete, and the lobed second and third joints of the same will serve to
distinguish the tribe from its allies ; the Diphyllina are by some authors
associated with the tribe, but appear to be very distinct by reason of
their closed anterior coxal cavities and general sculpture.
TELMATOPHILUS, Heer.
This genus contains about ten or a dozen species, eight of which are
European, and one or two are found in North America; they resemble
Cryptophagus in general appearance, but are as a rule dark-coloured ;
they occur chiefly in stems of water plants, such as Sparganium, Typha,
&e.
I. Elytra testaceous or brownish-yellow with dark mark-
WOesr sc) Ge) cell co ates etl oe Oe hee weet) joe Me SPARGANTIREA Ry
Il. Elytra unicolorous, usually black, occasionally
pitchy.
i. Thorax not or scarcely transverse ; sides sinuate be-
fore base; posterior angles right angles.
1. Sides of thorax gradually and not oes rounded ;
legs red; sizelarger . . . T. caricis, Ol,
2. Sides of thorax strongly rounded in front, and
plainly narrowed and sinuate behind; femora
usually black; sizesmaller . . .. . . . . QT. SCHONHERRI, Gy/l.
ii. Thorax distinctly transverse.
1. Thorax about a third broader than long; sides
rounded to base; posterior angles obtuse . . . T. TYPHR, Fall.
2. Thorax twice as broad as long; sides almost
straight, or very slightly sinuate before base;
posterior angles right angles. . . . . . . . ‘JT. BREVICOLLIS, Aubé.
T. sparganii, Ahr. Oblong, moderately convex, clothed with thick
yellowish pubescence ; head and thorax pitchy, the latter often reddish ;
elytra testaceous or brownish-testaceous, with the suture and scutellary
region, and a broad pateh behind middle extending more or less along
the side margins to apex, black ; antennz testaceous, rather slender, with
a well-marked 3-jointed club, of which the central joint is the broadest ;
eyes rather prominent ; thorax about as long as broad, with sides rounded
and crenulate, sinuate just before posterior angles which are right angles,
closely but distinctly punctured; elytra long, very gradually narrowed
to apex, finely punctured ; legs testaceous. eo 2} mm.
In stems of Sparganium, Typha, &«.; rare; Horning Fen (Sharp and Crotch)
Pegwell Bay, in the last week in May (Sharp and Saunders); Cobham, Surrey
(Stephens); Hythe; Sandwich. In Dr. Sharp’s collection there is a specimen from
Pegwell Bay which has the upper surface pitchy, with a broad testaceous band ex-
tending along suture from near base to apex.
310 CLAVICORNIA. | Telmatophilus.
T. caricis, Ol. (obscurus, F.). Oblong, slightly convex, black or
fuscous black, clothed with very thick light pubescence which gives
the insect a greyish appearance; antenne reddish-testaceous; eyes
rather prominent ; thorax about as long as broad with sides finely crenu-
late, gradually rounded, sinuate just before base, posterior angles right
angles, punctuation close but distinct ; elytra long, subparallel, closely
but distinctly punctured at base, more finely towards apex; legs and
last segment of abdomen reddish-testaceous ; in the male the knees and
tarsi are fuscous, the posterior femora are much thickened, the posterior
tarsi are dilated before middle, and the last ventral segment of abdomen
is furnished with an impressed fovea, L. 2-25 mm.
In stems of Typha, &c.; frequently taken by sweeping in marshy places; common
and generally distributed in the London, Southern, and Midland districts ; rarer
further north ; Manchester; Liverpool; Scarborough; not recorded from Northum-
berland or any of the extreme northern counties ; Scotland, Lowlands, in marshes,
Solway and Forth districts.
T. typhe, Fall. Very like the preceding, but much smaller, with the
thorax evidently (although not very strongly) transverse, and the sides
rounded distinctly to the posterior angles which are obtuse but plain
(Thomson in his description says “angulis posticis acutiusculis ”) ;
the margins of thorax are distinctly crenulate and somewhat explanate,
with a distinct line before the widened portion; the elytra are much
more finely punctured than thorax; antennze and legs reddish-tes-
taceous, femora of latter at most slightly darker. L. 13;—-1{ mm.
In stems of Zypha; occasionally in flood refuse and by sweeping ; local, but some-
times abundant where it occurs; Mickleham, Woking, Sheerness, Chatham ; Hythe ;
Ashburnham; Swansea (in flowers of Caltha palustris); North Wales; Cromer ;
Cambridgeshire ; Coleshill; Sutton Park, Birmingham; Droitwich ; Scarborough ;
Manchester ; Scotland, Lowlands, in marshes, Tweed district. *
T, Schonherri, Gyll. On anaverage rather smaller than 7. typhe,
which species it very closely resembles ; it is, however, easily distin-
guished by the shape of the thorax, which is about as long as
broad, strongly rounded in front and narrowed and sinuate behind, with
the posterior angles right angles; the sides also are scarcely perceptibly
crenulate, and are not explanate at sides; the antennz (as a rule) and
the legs are more darkly coloured, the femora being almost always
black or pitchy-black. L. 14-1} mm.
In stems of Typha, &c. ; often in company with the preceding species ; very local ;
Sheerness (not uncommon); Deal; Horning Fen; Droitwich ; Cheshire (on Spar-
ganium) ; not recorded from the northern counties of England or from Scotland.
T, brevicollis, Aubé. Oblong, convex, clothed with thick and
rather long pale pubescence, of the same colour as 7’, caricis, or occasion-
ally entirely pitchy-brown ; the legs are sometimes entirely reddish-
testaceous, but sometimes the femora are infuscate ; the species is at
once distinguished by the shape of its thorax, which is twice as broad
Telmatophilus. ] CLAVICORNIA. 311
as long, with the sides strongly rounded in front, and dilated in the
middle where it is broadest, and from thence almost straight In an
oblique line, or very slightly sinuate, to posterior angles which are right
angles; the elytra are considerably more finely punctured than the
thorax ; in size this species comes between 7. caricis and 7’. typhe. L.
2 mm.
In stems of Typha, &c.; rare; Sheerness; Birchington, near Margate ; Pegwell
Bay ; Sandwich; Hythe; New Forest; Weston-super-Mare (where Mr. Crotch took
the two first specimens captured in Britain).
CRYPTOPHAGINA.
This tribe contains a large number of species, but the arrangement
of the genera, which are few in number, is perhaps hardly established
with certainty. I have followed Thomson in adopting Micrambe and
Henoticus as distinct from Cryptophagus and Paramecosoma respectively ;
the species are as a rule more or less oblong, usually of a reddish-brown
or ferruginous colour, with the sides of the thorax, or at all events the
anterior angles, very often denticulate; the upper surface is strongly
pubescent, and more or less setose ; our genera may be distinguished as
follows :—
I. Mesosternum deeply emarginate and foveate, re-
ceiving the process of the prosternum ; sides of thorax
not denticulate ; sizelarger . . ANTHEROPHAGUS, Latr.
II. Mesosternum not foveate for the ‘reception of the
prosternal process, which is shorter; sides of thorax’
almost always denticulate; size smaller.
i, Tarsi with the penultimate joint equal to the pre-
Ppt 3 posterior tarsi of male 4-jointed . . CryPrTopHaaus, Lerbst.
. Tarsi with the penultimate joint abruptly shor ter
and narrower than those preceding.
1. Thorax with the sides denticulate.
A. All the tarsi 5-jointed in both sexes; anterior
angles of thorax callosely reflexed . . MIcRAMBE, Thoms.
B. Male with the posterior tarsi 4-jointed ; anterior
angles of thorax not callosely reflexed . . . Hewnoricus, Thoms..
. Thorax with the sides not ae pe all the
Tah 5-jointed in both sexes. . . . . . . PARAMECOSOMA, Curt,
ANTHEROPHAGUS, Luaircille.
This genus contains about half-a-dozen species from Europe and
North America, and one from Northern Asia; they resemble very large
Cryptophagi; they appear to be usually associated with various species
of Bombi or humble-bees, but are often found in flowers and by sweep-
ing and beating herbage and undergrowth; the names of our species
are somewhat misleading, A. pallens “being by far the darkest colcured
of the three ; the posterior tarsi in the male are 4-jointed.
312 CLAVICORNIA. [Antherophagus.
I. Upper surface clothed with very fine and not very evi-
dent pale pubescence.
. Colour light yellowish-testaceous ; anterior tibie not
* proce externally at apex; length 4-4 mm. . . . A. NIGRICOBNIs, F.
. Colour lighter or darker ferruginous; anterior tibiz
mopadeond into a moderate tooth paca tied at apex ;
length 3-3} mm. . . . A. PALLENS, Gyll.
II. Upper surface clothed with long tomentose "pubescence,
which is especially long and distinct on the head; an-
terior tibiz produced into a strong tooth externally at
apex; length 33-4 mm... ... +. - . . « « A. siacuus, Herbst.
A. nigricornis, F. (si/aceus, Gyll. and Steph. Ill., nee Herbst.).
Oblong, rather depressed, of a lght yellowish-testaceous colour, some-
times very slightly reddish, clothed with very fine yellowish pubes-
cence; head thickly and finely punctured; antenne varying according
to sex; thorax much broader than long, rectangular, very finely
punctured, nearly as broad at base as elytra; elytra very finely punc-
tured with traces of longitudinal strie. L. 4-45 mm.
The forehead is deeply excised in the male, slightly sinuate in female ;
in the latter sex the antenns are comparatively slender and unicolorous
reddish-testaceous ; in the former they are very thick and stout, ferru-
ginous or dark with basal and apical joints lighter; the tibi# in the
male are broadly black at apex, in the female at most shghtly darkened ;
the anterior tarsi of the male have the first three joints somewhat
dilated.
On flowers, and by sweeping herbage, &c.; occasionally found in and about the
nests of Bombi; not uncommon; London district, generally distributed ; Brandon,
Suffolk ; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; New Forest; Midland districts, Broms-
grove, Bewdley, Repton, &e.; Chat Moss; Scarborough; Manchester district,
general in humble-bees’ nests, and also in flowers of Digitalis ; Northumberland
district, common (Mr. Bold records that he once captured a Bombus with a specimen
firmly fixed by the mandibles to one of its hind legs); Scotland, in flowers, rare,
Lowlands, Clyde and Forth districts; Ireland, near Belfast.
A. pallens, Gyll. Smaller than the preceding, and of a deeper
red colour, usually more or less ferruginous ; the thorax has the sides
a little rounded in front, and the head and thorax are more distinetly,
although very closely, punctured; the anterior tibiz are by most
authors said not to be produced in a tooth externally, but this is
incorrect, as they are certainly slightly produced, although not nearly
as strongly so as in A. sz/aceus ; the sexual differences are much as in
the preceding species, except that the male is larger in proportion
than the female, and the tibize are scarcely darkened at apex. L, 3-
34 mm,
in and about the nests of Bombi; also by sweeping; local and as a rule not
common ; Weybridge, Caterham, Claygate, Lee, Darenth Wood, Birdbrook, Forest
Hill, West Wickham ; Burnham Beeches ; Kingsg ate ; Birchington ; Folkestone ;
Dover; Glanvilles Wootton ; Parkhurst Forest, Isle of Wight; New Forest ;
Southaicpton ; Devonshire; Littlington ; Solihull, near Birmingham ; Repton,
Antherophagus. | CLAVICORNIA, 313
Robin’s Wood; Chat Moss; Stretford, near Manchester; Northumberland Qistrict,
generally distributed but nowhere common, Wallington, &c.; Scotland, rare, Solway,
Tweed, and Forth districts ; Ireland, near Dublin (Power).
A. silaceus, Herbst., nec Gyll. This species most closely resembles
A. nigricornis, but is rather smaller, and is at once distinguished from
it by the very long tomentose pubescence, which is especially marked
on the head, and also by having the anterior tibie produced into a
strong tooth at apex; the anterior angles of the thorax also are some-
what callose, and the tibiz of the male are, apparently, less fuscous at
apex; the male characters appear to be much the same; from A.
pallens it may be distinguished by its lighter colour, larger size, much
more marked pubescence, and the stronger tooth at apex of anterior
tibie. L. 33-4 mm.
By sweeping ; probably also associated with Bombi ; rare; Darenth Wood, Reigate,
Hornsey, Caterham, Chatham, Gravesend; Ashwicken ; Deal; Folkestone; Bourne-
mouth; Plymouth, Whitsand Bay (J. J. Walker) ; Coleshill; Bromsgrove; Hun-
stanton ; Oxfordshire ; not recorded from the northern counties of England or from
Scotland or Ireland ; the 4. silaceus of Murray’s catalogue must without doubt be
referred to A, nigricornis.
CRYPTOPHAGUS, Herbst.
This genus comprises about a hundred species, which chiefly occur in
the temperate regions of the Old World, more than half of them being
found in Europe ; the genus is, however, widely distributed, and will
probably be found to consist of a much larger number of species than
it does at present, as representatives have been found in South Africa,
New Zealand, and other localities ; the members of the genus have the
posterior tarsi 4-jointed in the male ; they are small insignificant-looking
insects, usually of a reddish-brown colour, and are exceedingly closely
allied, so that it is very hard to determine them except by comparison
with authentic types ; they are found in all sorts of localities, such as
rubbish-heaps, hot-beds, cellars, and outhouses, in moss, fungi, &e. ;
many of our species are very common, but some are exceedingly rare,
and it is hardly settled yet how many we really possess; the tableg
given below may to a certain extent be found useful, but must be
regarded as merely provisional, and must not be relied upon apart
from the separate descriptions ; the species may roughly be divided into
the following sections :—
I. Thorax with the sides crenulate, furnished with a distinct tooth in or about
middle.
i. Antennz witb the first joint of club nearly as broad as the following ones.
1. Upper surface strongly and not closely punctured, with more or less distinct
outstanding sete; thorax with four smooth prominences, two at sides of
disc and two at base.
Section I. C. lycoperdi, setulosus, Schmidtii, pilosus, punctipennis,
ruficornis.
314 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cryptophagus.
2. Upper surface moderately strongly punctured ; thorax with the callose pro-
minences on disc small, but usually distinct ; size large; elytra often darker
than thorax.
Section II. ©. popult.
3. Upper surface more or less finely punctured; thorax with the callose promi-
nences on disc more or less obsolete.
A. Thorax with a distinct basal fold before scutellum, the transverse impression
being deep; elytra without outstanding sete.
Section III. C. saginatus, scanicus, badius, umbratus
B, Thorax with the basal fold before scutellum absent or obsolete, the trans-
verse impression not being deep.
a. Hlytra not setose in rows.
Section IV. C. validus, dentatus, cylindrus, distinguendus,
acutangulus, fumatus.
b. Elytra setose in rows.
Section V. OC. cellaris, affinis.
ii, Antenne with the first joint of club much narrower than the succeeding
joints.
Section VI. C. pubescens.
II. Thorax with the sides almost even, with a blunt lateral tooth on anterior third,
anterior angles scarcely callose.
Section VII. OC. bicolor.
Section I.
The six species belonging to this section are distinguished by their
strong punctuation and the distinct callose prominences on thorax ; in
some of them the upper surface is very distinctly setose ; in the males the
anterior tarsi are usually more or less dilated.
I. Anterior tibize produced externally ina distinct tooth ;
upper surface strongly setose . . C. LYCOPERDI, Herbst.
A Anterior tibize not produced in a ‘tooth ‘externally. _
. Anterior angles of thorax callose, but not produced
in a tooth, margins rather broad; upper surface
strongly setose.
1. Size smaller; punctuation of elytra almost in
rows ; lateral tooth of thorax distinct. . . C. SEruLosus, Sturm.
2. Size larger; punctuation of elytra confused ;
lateral tooth of thorax scarcely visible . . . . C.ScHMiIpTu, Sturm.
ii. Anterior angles of thorax produced in a more or less
distinct tooth, margins fine; upper surface not so
strongly setose.
Cryptophagus. | CLAVICORNIA, 315
1. Upper surface unicolorous reddish-brown,
A. Elytra less oval, pubescence shorter, punctua-
BION ClOSERS eae ce es oe) oe ss 9 (On PIDOSUS, Gyll.
B. Elytra more oval, pubescence longer, punctua-
tion coarser and not so close, especially at
base, owt eye ia se ve i Jn «. C. PUNOTIPENNTS, Bris:
2. Thorax reddish, elytra black with apex and
shoulders obscurely lighter, or whole upper
surface black , . . . . + « © » + « « C. BUFICORNIS, Steph.
C. lycoperdi, Herbst. One of the largest British species; oblong,
convex, of a rather dark ferruginous colour, with coarse pubescence,
and with rows of outstanding sete on elytra; antenne thick with nar-
row club; head and thorax strongly and deeply punctured, the latter
transverse, with anterior angles callose and produced behind in a minute
sharp tooth, sides with a sharp tooth just before middle, margins wide,
disc with four callosities, transverse impression at base deep; elytra
less thickly and strongly punctured than thorax, the punctures becoming
feebler towards apex ; legs ferruginous, anterior tibie produced externally
in a distinct tooth. L. 2-8 mm.
In Lycoperdons, local but generally distributed throughout the Southern and Mid-
land counties ; rarer further north, and apparently not found in the northern counties
of England or in Scotland ; Ireland, near Waterford.
This and the two following species are distinguished by their coarse
pubescence and the long sete or bristles set in even rows on the elytra.
C. Schmidtii, Sturm. This species is compared with C. lycoperdi
by Erichson, but is much more closely allied to C. setulosus, from
which it may be distinguished by its rather larger size and less broad
build, the less transverse subapical joints of the club of the antenne,
the lesser development of the callosity of the anterior angles and the
lateral tooth, and also by the more confused punctuation of the elytra ;
the elytra are more contracted behind and less parallel-sided than in
C. lycoperdi, from which species it is easily distinguished by not having
the anterior tibiz produced into a tooth externally ; in the formation of
the thorax it resembles C. saginatus, but that species is smaller and much
more finely punctured and pubescent. L, 23-3 mm.
In stack refuse ; very rare; Mr. Champion took a single specimen at Wicken Fen
in August, 1870, and another specimen a short time afterwards in the same locality ;
Mr. E. W. Janson had taken the same species some years before, probably at Whittlesea,
Cc. setulosus, Sturm. Oblong-oval, convex, of a lighter colour
than C. /ycoperdi, and easily distinguished from that species by the
anterior tibige being simple at apex; antennz rather stout with the
joints of the club not contiguous, the penultimate joints being very
transverse ; head and thorax deeply and strongly, but thickly, punc-
tured ; thorax very transverse with anterior angles callose but not pro-
duced in a tooth behind, sides with a small tooth about middle, margins
316 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cryptophagus.
wide, disc with four callosities, base with a distinct longitudinal fold
before scutellum ; elytra narrowed towards apex, strongly punctured,
the punctuation having a tendency to form rows; legs ferruginous-
testaceous. L. 22 mm.
In fungi, haystack and vegetable refuse, &c.; it also occurs in the nests of humble-
bees (Bombus lucorum, &c.), and is sometimes taken by evening sweeping ; local ;
Esher, Claygate, Forest Hill, Caterham, Sheerness, Chatham, Mickleham, Faversham ;
Deal; Folkestone; Devonshire; Soham, Cambridgeshire ; Yardley, Solihull, and
Knowle near Birmingham; Chat Moss; Manchester; Northumberland and Dur-
ham district, common; Scotland, common, Lowlands and Highlands; Dr. Sharp
(Scot. Nat. iv. 36) says that the C. lycoperdi of Murray’s catalogue is no doubt this
species.
C. pilosus, Gyll. Smaller than either of the preceding, oblong, and
not very convex, with the elytra not contracted towards apex as in
CO. setulosus, but shaped rather as in C. lycoperdi; from both these
species it may be distinguished by its finer punctuation and less coarsely
pubescent elytra ; the club of the antennz has the joints more contiguous
than in the former, and the anterior angles of the thorax are produced ina
more or less distinct tooth behind; it bears a close superficial resem-
blance to C. saginatus, but is much more strongly punctured, and has
the lateral tooth of the thorax situated in the middle and not distinctly
before the middle as in that species. L. 2-25 mm.
In haystack refuse, cut grass, &c., very often in hot-beds ; common and generally
distributed throughout England and Scotland; Ireland, Waterford, &c., and pro-
bably common ; this species has been considered rare, but according to my experience
it is one of the commonest of the genus.
©. punctipennis, Bris. Very closely allied to the preceding, of
which it has by some authorities been considered a variety ; it may,
however, be known by its more oval elytra, of which the pubescence is
longer, and the punctuation coarser and not so close, especially at base.
L, 2-25 mm.
In straw-sheds, among refuse, &c., also in haystack refuse, cut grass, &c.; occa-
sionally in cellars; local; Forest Hill, Richmond, Darenth, Chatham, Wandsworth,
Sheerness, and other localities in the London district ; Sheppy; Cambridge Fens ;
Soham; Knowle; Liverpool; Bidston, near Manchester; Scotland, rare, Lowlands,
Forth district, Braid Hills, Edinburgh (Sharp).
C. ruficornis, Steph. A rather long and parallel-sided species,
bearing superficially a somewhat strong resemblance to C. scanicus, dark
specimens of which are sometimes confounded with it ; head and thorax
pitchy-red, elytra black with shoulders and apex reddish, antenne red ;
the colour, however, is variable, being sometimes entirely or almost
entirely black with the antenne dark pitchy, and occasionally the
elytra are dark pitchy-red ; the head is usually lighter than the thorax ;
thorax not very transverse, somewhat subquadrate, with the anterior
angles callose and denticulate, and with a more or less distinct tooth
about the middle of sides, disc with rather plain callosities; elytra
Cryptophagus. | CLAVICORNIA. 317
deeply and rather strongly punctured, with the punctures disposed in
lines, especially near suture; the punctuation of head and thorax is
rather coarse; legs pale ferruginous or reddish-testaceous, L. 2-2}
mm.
Rare; Strood, in black fungus growing on old ash-trees (Champion) ; Cobham
Park ; Chertsey, under bark (Blatch) ; Chat Moss, in fungus on birch trees (Chappell) ;
Ockbrook, near Derby, in fungus on ash trees (Gorham); Mount Edgecumbe, Devon
(Wollaston) ; Stretford, near Manchester, flying (A. Reston),
From C. seanicus this species may easily be distinguished by its nar-
rower form, stronger punctuation, and less transverse and more parallel-
sided thorax, the anterior angles of which are more plainly denticulate.
Seotron II.
This section, as here constituted, comprises the single species C. po-
pult, which is by some authorities classed with the species contained in
Section III., by others with those contained in Section IV., whereas
others apparently consider it to be related to C. lycoperdi and its allies ;
the best plan therefore appears to be to place it under a separate section ;
it is exceedingly variable both as regards size and colour; the larger and
darker specimens are very distinct, but some of the smaller and lighter
specimens are very apt to be mistaken for other species,
Cc. populi, Payk. Rather elongate and parallel-sided, somewhat
depressed, ferruginous or pitchy-red, with the elytra sometimes almost
black on disc, clothed with rather thick and distinct yellow pubescence ;
thorax moderately transverse, with the anterior angles strongly reflexed,
somewhat cup-shaped, more or less distinctly denticulate behind, sides
nearly parallel to about middle, where they are produced in a distinct
tooth, and thence plainly narrowed to apex, disc with callosities small
but evident, basal depression plain with a more or less obsolete fold
before scutellum ; the head and thorax are rather strongly punctured,
and the antennz are somewhat short and stout with a narrow club ;
elytra moderately strongly punctured at base, the punctuation becoming
obsolete towards apex, in typical specimens dark with the base and
lateral margins lighter ; legs ferruginous or reddish-testaceous; size very
variable. L. 24-35 mm.
Male with the tibiz dilated, the posterior tibia curved, and the
anterior tarsi dilated.
In hard fungus on trees, in rotten wood, by sweeping, &c.; also in and about the
burrows of bees’ nests, especially of Colletes Daviesiana; local and usually rare, and
apparently confined to the London and South-eastern districts; Mickleham, Ripley,
Esher, Sydenham, Farnham; Margate; Stephens records it from Norwich; in the
Ent. Monthly Mag. vol. xii. p. 107, Mr. Champion records the capture of this
species in abundance at Farnham, in and about the burrows of Colletes Daviesiana.
The lighter form of this species with the elytra entirely ferruginous
318 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cryptophagus.
appears to be the C. grandis of Kraatz, which has been before now in-
troduced into our lists as a distinct species.
Ssction III.
The four species contained in this section are distinguished by having
a longitudinal fold at base of thorax before scutellum, the transverse
impression being deep ; the elytra are not setose, and the pubescence
and punctuation are fine, both being more marked in C. badius than in
the other three species.
I. Anterior angles of thorax scarcely reflexed, forming no
distinct tooth behind; upper surface very convex; form
almost ovate ; punctuation of elytra very fine . . . . OC. Saqinatus, Séurm.
II. Anterior angles of thorax scarcely reflexed, forming a
blunt tooth behind; punctuation of elytra less fine.
i. Thorax subquadrate with sides almost parallel, usually
darker than elytra . Ans ce cede, Boll rties lo
ii. Thorax rather strongly transverse, distinctly widened
in middle, and thence contracted to base, usually
lighter:thanelytra.; 7 5s «0 8 a) +) ye) oe (On RCANICUS, i.
IIf. Anterior angles of thorax broadly reflexed and produced
behind into a more or less distinct sharp tooth; punc-
tuation of elytra moderately strong. . . . . . .~ ©. BaDIus, Sturm.
C. UMBRATUS, EE”.
C. saginatus, Sturm. Subovate, convex, entirely ferruginous or
reddish-testaceous, rather thickly clothed with short depressed pubes-
cence ; head and thorax thickly and rather deeply punctured ; antennz
with a moderate club; thorax transverse, with the anterior angles cal-
lose but scarcely reflexed, and with a distinct tooth at sides before
middle, from which the sides are gently contracted to base; elytra
finely punctured ; legs ferruginous or reddish-testaceous. L. 2-25 mm.
Male with the anterior tibie scareely dilated, and the anterior tarsi
sightly widened.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, fungi, &c.; occasionally found in birds’ nests 3
it often occurs in warehouses; not uncommon and generally distributed throughout
England ; Scotland, rare, Forth and Tay districts ; it is probably general in Ireland.
This species rather closely resembles light specimens of C. scanicus,
but may be distinguished by its more ovate and convex form, the less
distinctly callose and reflexed anterior angles of thorax, and the fact that
the lateral tooth is situated before the middle ; in some respects it is
related to C. pilosus,; its differences from that species have been above
referred to.
Cc. umbratus, Er. Oblong, slightly convex, shining, with short
fine pubescence, nigro-fuscous at least on the under-side; the colour of
the upper-side is somewhat variable, but the thorax is usually distinctly
darker than the elytra; thorax not very transverse, subquadrate, with
the anterior angles scarcely reflexed and produced in a blunt angle
Cryptophagus. | CLAVICORNIA. 319
behind, and the lateral tooth situated in the middle of the sides; elytra
finely and thickly and rather regularly punctured, the punctures be-
coming feebler at apex ; legs ferruginous. L. 1} mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi dilated, anterior tibie not dilated.
In haystack refuse, &,, rare; Plumstead; St. Peter’s, Kent; Yardley and
Sutton, near Birmingham; Northumberland district ; Scotland, scarce, Forth, Tay,
and Solway districts.
This species may be distinguished from its allies by having at least
the under-side, and usually the greater part of the upper-side dark ; the
thorax sometimes is black or almost black; it may also be known by
its less transverse and subquadrate thorax, the lateral tooth of which is
situated in the middle of sides which are not contracted to base, and by
having the third joint of the antenne not longer than the second; in
this point it is related to C. distinguendus, to which it bears a strong
superficial resemblance ; it may, however, be distinguished from dark
forms of that species by its shorter and more convex form, somewhat
stronger punctuation, and the more parallel-sided thorax, which has the
posterior angles more sharply right-angled.
C. scanicus, L. Oblong oval, not convex, thickly clothed with
short depressed yellowish-grey pubescence ; head, thorax, and antennze
ferruginous, elytra black or fuscous-black with the shoulders more or
less broadly rufous, the rufous colour sometimes extending some way
from base towards apex ; head very thickly punctured, thorax thickly
and rather deeply punctured, with the sides rounded and rather strongly
contracted behind the lateral tooth which is situated in the middle ;
anterior angles strongly callose and produced into a blunt tooth behind ;
elytra rather finely but very distinctly punctured, the punctuation be-
coming obsolete towards apex ; legs ferruginous. L. 2-2} mm.
Male with the anterior tarsi slightly dilated.
In haystack and other vegetable refuse; often found in houses; common and
generally distributed throughout the kingdom.
V. patruelis, Sturm. This variety is entirely ferruginous or reddish-
testaceous ; it gives rise to considerable confusion, as it closely resembles
some of the allied species from which the type form is at once dis-
tinguished by its colour; it may be distinguished by the shape of the
thorax, and by having the lateral tooth situated in the centre of the
sides; the sides of the thorax also are more distinctly crenulate ; the
punctuation is stronger than in C. saginatus, which species it most closely
resembles.
Found under the same conditions and in company with the type, but much
rarer.
A variety also occurs in which the elytra are rufous with the suture
and external margin nigro-fuscous.
The anterior angles of the thorax in this species appear to vary some-
320 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cryptophagus.
what in different specimens ; this may explain the discrepancy between
the descriptions of Erichson and Thomson, the former of whom says
that they are produced in a blunt tooth behind, whereas the latter ex-
pressly says, “ angulis anticis posticé haud dentatis.”
Cc. badius, Sturm. Oblong, somewhat broad, slightly convex,
ferruginous or rufous, clothed with rather thiek and short pale pubes-
cence ; head very thickly punctured, thorax thickly and deeply punc-
tured ; thorax not strongly transverse with the anterior angles strongly
reflexed and produced behind in rather a sharp tooth, lateral tooth
situated in middle of sides, which are from thence rather strongly
contracted to base, margins well marked, basal impression and fold
above scutellum distinct; elytra of a long oval shape, moderately
strongly and very distinctly punctured towards base, more finely at
apex; legs ferruginous, anterior tibiz and tarsi of male scarcely widened.
L. 2-22 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, flood rubbish, cut grass, &c. ; one of the less
common species. London district, generally distributed, Putney, Forest Hill,
Dulwich, Crystal Palace (in the glass corridors of which many species of Crypto-
phagus occur at times freely), Darenth, Lee, Gravesend, Loughton; Sheerness ;
Folkestone; Hastings; Glanvilles Wootton; Isle of Wight; Knowle; Salford
Priors; Montgomery ; Northumberland district, rare ; not recorded from Scotland or
Ireland.
This species bears a somewhat close resemblance to C. pilosus, from
which it may be distinguished by its finer punctuation and the more
silky pubescence of the elytra ; the shape of the anterior angles of the
thorax, as well as its more distinct punctuation, will separate it from
C. saginatus, and its proportionally shorter and broader form from C.
dentatus and its allies.
Section LV.
The species belonging to this section are distinguished by having the
transverse impression at the base of the thorax shallow and the basal
fold before scutellum absent or obsolete ; these characters, however, are
in some cases more or less comparative, and the fact that there appear
to be no other more satisfactory ones serves to show the difficulty of
dividing the genus into practically workable sections.
I. Anterior angles callosely reflexed but not distinctly
toothed behind.
i. Size larger and broader ; posterior angles of thorax
obtuse; lateral teeth situated in middle of sides . C. VALIDUS, Kv.
ii. Size smaller and narrower; posterior angles of
thorax right angles.
1. Elytra shorter in proportion to thorax ; form
less cylindrical ; lateral teeth of thorax distinct,
situated before middle of sides . . .. .
2. Elytra longer in proportion to thorax ; form very
cylindrical ; lateral teeth of thorax situated a
little behind middle of sides . . . . . . . C.cyLInDRUuS, [ies.
C. DENTATUS, Herbst.
Cryptophagus. ] CLAVICORNIA. 321
IL. Anterior angles of thorax with the callosity taking
the form of a bluntly projecting tooth; lateral
teeth of thorax situated a little behind middle of
sides Gone css to ee) ee ke ants Co DISTINGUBNDUS, Scurin.
III. Anterior angles of thorax very prominent and pro-
duced behind in a large strong tooth; lateral teeth
of thorax situated in middle of sides,
i. Thorax strongly transverse; tooth of anterior
angles hooked . os swt se we ee Uhl Uw 6 AOUTANGULLUS, Goll,
ii. Thorax subquadrate; tooth of anterior angles
pointed. . 2. @ os a 2 « 5 te 66 ot oy Ce RUMADOS, Gull.
C. validus, Kr. This species very closely resembles a large example
of the var. patruelis of C. scanicus ; the thorax, however, is more rounded
behind the middle, and has the anterior callosity less defined, and the
elytra are longer, more parallel, more finely punctured, and more densely
clothed with golden pubescence ; from C. saginatus it may be known by
having the lateral teeth situated in the middle of sides instead of before
middle ; the thorax is distinctly and rather deeply punctured, and the
anterior angles are narrowly reflexed, the callosities not being marked
and not terminating in a tooth behind; the elytra are closely and finely
punctured ; the colour is entirely ferruginous or rufous, and the fine
and close golden pubescence gives it a yellowish appearance ; it 1s one
of our larger species. L. 23-3 mm.
In refuse, decaying herbage, &c.; sometimes in warehouses; very rare; Edgbaston
and Handsworth (Blatch) ; Scarborough (Lawson); Southampton (Gorham); New-
castle and South Shields (Bold). The specimens introduced by Mr. Rye (Ent.
Monthly Mag. vi. 257) as C. fumatus were afterwards referred by him to this specics
(Ent. Monthly Mag. vii. 9).
Cc. dentatus, Herbst. (pallidus, Sturm). Elongate, somewhat
parallel-sided, smaller and narrower than C. scanicus, lighter or darker
ferruginous or rufous, thickly and not very finely pubescent ; head very
thickly punctured, antennee with the third joint a little longer than
second; thorax thickly punctured, subquadrate, with the anterior angles
not strongly callose and the lateral teeth situated plainly before middle
of sides; elytra finely but not very thickly punctured, the punctuation
near suture being almost in rows, and becoming finer towards apex ;
legs ferruginous, male with the anterior tibie and tarsi scarcely dilated ;
size very variable. L. 13-2 mm,
In haystack and other refuse, under bark, &c. ; common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom.
This very common and variable species often gives rise to much
difficulty ; it may, however, be distinguished by its parallel form and
the small development of the callosities of the anterior angles of thorax,
as well as by having the lateral teeth distinctly situated before the
middle of the sides ; in this latter point it resembles C. saginatus, but
it may easily be distinguished from that species by its subquadrate and
almost parallel-sided thorax and quite different shape.
VOL. III. y
322 CLAVICORNIA. | Cryptophagus.
Cc. cylindrus, Kies. (parallelus, Bris.). Allied to the preceding
species, but readily distinguished by its narrower and very eylindrical
form and longer elytra, which are much more closely and finely punc-
tured; the lateral teeth of thorax, moreover, are situated a little
behind the middle of side instead of evidently before middle as
in C. dentatus; itis one of the most distinct of our species. L. 1}
mm.
Under bark of Scotch fir; rare; Scotland, Highlands, Tay and Dee districts,
Rannoch, Braemar, Aviemore, &c.
C. distinguendus, Sturm. A small and rather broad species,
somewhat variable in colour, being either rufous or occasionally brownish,
thickly clothed with fine pale pubescence ; antennz with the third joint
equal to the second; thorax not very transverse with the anterior
angles not or scarcely visibly callosely reflexed, but projecting in the
form of a blunt tooth, lateral teeth situated a little behind middle of
sides, thickly and finely punctured; elytra oval rather convex but
depressed on disc, very thickly and finely punctured, the punctuation
being occasionally slightly rugose in parts; legs ferruginous, male with
the anterior tibize and tarsi slightly dilated. L. 1-14 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, fungi, &c.; not uncommon, but apparently
somewhat local; Sheerness, Lee, Maidstone, Shirley near Croydon, Dulwich ;
Soham, Cambridgeshire; Hastings; Edgbaston, Sutton and Knowle, Birmingham
district ; Scarborough; Northumberland district, scarce but rather widely dis-
tributed ; not recorded from Scotland or Ireland.
The shape of the anterior angles of thorax, and the relative length
of the second and third joints of the antenne, as well as the very fine
punctuation, will serve to distinguish this species from most of the
others ; it is very closely allied to C. wmbratus, and may very easily be
mistaken for that species ; the punctuation, however, is evidently finer,
and the base of the thorax is not furnished with a fold before scutellum,
which is very distinct in C. wmbratus; according to Thomson the
thorax is shorter than this latter species, but this hardly appears to be
correct.
Cc. acutangulus, Gyll. (Waterhouse?, Rye). Elongate, rather
depressed, parallel-sided ; fusco-testaceous or rufous with the head and
thorax occasionally darker ; head and thorax very thiekly punctured ;
thorax narrower than elytra, very transverse, with the anterior angles
strongly reflexed and produced in a large hook-shaped tooth, lateral
tooth situated in middle of sides which are narrowed towards base ;
elytra very long in proportion to thorax, thickly and finely punctured,
with a fine sutural stria behind, thickly covered with short and fine
pubescence ; legs ferruginous, anterior tarsi of male scarcely dilated.
L. 2-2} mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, in fungi, &e.; not uncommon, but apparently
somewhat local, and becoming rare towards the north; London district, generally
Cryptophagus. ] CLAVICORNIA. 323
distributed ; Hastings; Deal; Devonshire; Midland districts, Knowle, Edgbaston,
Repton, &c.; Liverpool and Manchester districts; Northumberland and Durham
district rather rare, Neweastle, Durham, &c. ; Scotland rare, Forth district only.
The shape of the anterior angles of thorax will at once separate this
very distinct species from all our other Cryptophagi.
Cc. fumatus, Gyll. Elongate, slightly convex, testaceous, clothed
with fine depressed yellow pubescence ; thorax quadrate, narrower than
the elytra, closely punctured, with the anterior angles strongly reflexed,
somewhat eyathiform or cup-shaped, and produced behind in a tooth,
lateral teeth of thorax situated in middle of sides; elytra closely and
finely punctured, the punctuation becoming obsolete behind; the antenne
have the third joint half as long again as second, a point that will
distinguish the species from many of its allies; legs rufo-testaceous, male
with the anterior tibiz dilated towards apex, and the anterior tarsi
widened. L. 23-3 mm.
Very rare; a pair were taken by Mr. Bold near Newcastle, and recorded by him
in Ent.*Monthly Mag. vii. 35; it has subsequently been taken by Mr. Blatch in
fungi at Salford Priors, and by Mr. Gorham in a cellar at Shipley near Horsham,
and I have records from Cowfold near Horsham and from Deal; as mentioned above,
the insects first introduced as this species by Mr. Rye proved to be Q. validus,
and it is probable that confusion has arisen in some collections owing to this
mistake.
This species is most closely allied to C. validus in size, form of elytra,
and colour of pubescence, but may be easily distinguished from it by
the quadrate thorax and much more strongly developed teeth of the
anterior angles of the thorax, which are somewhat suggestive of those of
C. acutangulus, but are not hooked as in that species ; the shape of the
anterior angles of thorax, the form of the elytra, and the short golden
pubescence of these latter which is not arranged in rows, will serve to
separate it from C. cellavis,; as Erichson remarks, in shape it much
resembles one of the larger species of Corticaria.
The C. fumatus of Stephens’ Illustrations, Mand. iii. 76, appears to
be only C. dentatus.
SECTION V.
The two species comprised in this section are distinguished by having
the elytra setose in rows; this character is very plainly observable in
newly emerged and fresh specimens ; both species are rather common
and generally distributed.
I. Upper surface somewhat depressed; size larger; third
joint of antenne much longer than second . . . . . . C. CELLARIS, Scop.
Il. Upper surface convex ; sizesmaller; third joint of antenne
scarcely longer than second . . : . ... . . . . . @. AFFINIS, Sturm.
C. cellaris, Scop. (crenatus, Herbst. and Sturm). Somewhat
elongate, ferruginous or rufo-testaceous, finely punctured, clothed with
y 2
324 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cryptophagus.
thick depressed greyish pubescence, elytra with long setose pubescence
arranged in distinct rows; thorax not strongly transverse, with the
anterior angles callose, produced into a very blunt angle behind, which
is often hardly apparent, lateral teeth distinct situated in the middle
of sides, which are more or less plainly narrowed from middle to base ;
elytra rather long, subparallel, but widened a little im middle, thickly
and finely punctured, the punctuation becoming finer towards apex ;
legs ferruginous, or testaceous, anterior tibize and tarsi of male slightly
dilated. L. 2-23 mm.
In haystack and flood refuse ; also found in cellars in refuse, fungi, &c.; occasion-
ally taken in birds’ nests; common and generally distributed throughout the
kingdom.
This species is of about the same build and size as C. acutangulus,
but is at onee distinguished from that species by the shape of the
anterior angles of the thorax; from large specimens of C. dentatus it
may be separated by the more distinct callosity of the anterior angles
of thorax, and by having the lateral teeth situated in middle of sides
instead of before middle.
C. affinis, Sturm. Oblong oval, convex, clothed with rather long
ereyish pubescence, ferruginous or rufo-testaceous with the thorax
occasionally darker than the elytra; antenne with the third joint
scarcely longer than second ; thorax very thickly punctured, transverse,
with the anterior angles callose, reflexed, and terminating behind in a
blunt and not very distinct tooth, lateral teeth situated in middle of
sides, which are rather plainly narrowed behind; elytra closely but
‘distinetly and rather strongly punctured, with pale pubescence and
rows of setose pubescence which are more or less distinctly marked ;
legs ferruginous or testaceous, with the anterior tibiw and tarsi slightly
dilated in male. L. 1{-15 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, fungi, &c.; rather common and widely dis-
tributed throughout England ; recorded by Bold as not uncommon in the North-
umberland and Durham district, but it appears to be rare in Scotland, and has only
been found hitherto in the Solway district. Mr. J.J. Walker has taken it at
Cromer in company with Formica fuliginosa.
This species most closely resembles C. scanicus v. patruelis, but may
be distinguished by the sete on the elytra which are very evident under
a high magnifying power, and also by having the anterior angles of thorax
more plainly reflexed ; the thorax also is more deeply punctured. The
rows of sete on the elytra are often very indistinct in rubbed specimens,
but even in these the difference of the pubescence may very easily be
seen if they are examined under a compound microscope, If specimens
of OC. affinis and C. scanicus v. patruclis be placed together under a
two-inch objective in a good light, there will be no need to compare
them in any other way except by pubescence ; under an ordinary lens
they look very much alike F
Cryptophagus.] CLAVICORNIA. 325
Section VI.
The single species belonging to this section is easily known by having
the first joint of the club of the antennz very narrow, so that the club
appears 2-jointed ; the second joint is very transverse, about as broad
as the last, which is, however, nearly three times as long as this the
penultimate joint ; it is a rare species in most localities.
C. pubescens, Sturm (Japponicus, Gyll.). Oblong oval, slightly
convex, rather broad, ferruginous, very closely, but rather distinctly
punctured, clothed with short and thick depressed yellow pubescence ;
antennee as above described; thorax almost double as broad as long,
almost as broad at base as base of elytra, anterior angles not very
distinetly callose but very narrowly reflexed, sides with a very small
and often obsolete tooth in middle of sides; elytra subparallel, closely
punctured, the punctuation being stronger towards base and finer and
slightly rugose towards apex; legs ferruginous or testaceous, tibize
somewhat widened towards apex in both sexes, anterior tarsi very feebly
dilated in male. L. 2-23 mm.
In moss, haystack refuse, and occasionally by sweeping herbage; as a rule un-
common; London district rather widely distributed, Mickleham, Caterham, Ksher,
Birch Wood, Forest Hill, Chatham, Sevenoaks, Birdbrook; St. Leonards; Bristol;
‘Tewkesbury ; Bewdley Forest; Sherwood Forest ; Knowle; Smallheath, Birming-
ham; Repton; Scarborough; Liverpool; Manchester ; Northumberland district,
very rare, on a withered fungus at Gosforth; Scotland, Aviemore (Champion) ;
Balmuto, Fifeshire (Power). This species has occurred on the Continent in nests of
Vespa vulgaris and Bombus terrestris.
Section VII.
This section contains one species, which is easily known by the even
sides of its subquadrate thorax, by the antennze being inserted further
in front of the eyes than in the other species, and by the second joint
of the antenne being thicker and a little longer than third ; the colour
is variable, being sometimes entirely ferruginous or rufo-testaceous,
while sometimes the thorax is much darker than the elytra or almost
black. =
GC. bicolor, Sturm (crenatus, Gyll. and Thoms. ; scutellatus, Newm ).
Oblong, slightly convex, clothed with fine and short pale pubescence,
colour as above described; thorax subquadrate with anterior angles
scarcely callose, sides almost even; elytra broader than thorax, finely
but distinctly punctured ; legs ferruginous or testaceous, anterior tibice
and tarsi slightly widened in male; the eyes are smaller.and more
prominent in this than in the other species; the size is variable. L.
<4-]} mm.
In haystack and vegetuble refuse, not uncommon, but rather local; Sheerness ;
326 CLAVICORNIA. [ Cryptophagus.
Forest Hill; Sheppy; Soham, Cambridgeshire; Hastings; Devonshire; Sutton
and Knowle, Birmingham; Northumberland district, rare, Long Benton, on walls
me Se outhouse ; Scotland, rare, Lowlands, Solway district ; Ireland, near Water-
ord.
The two following species require confirmation as British, as they
rest only on one or two specimens, which may very probably have been
importations.
(C. fuscicornis, Sturm. Allied to C. dentatus, but rather smaller and
more cylindrical, with much more strongly and widely punctured elytra,
and with the anterior angles of the thorax strongly prominent and
terminating behind in a sharp tooth; the lateral tooth is situated at the
middle of the sides, which are more narrowed behind it and less strongly
crenulated than in C. dentatus. L. 13; mm.
A single specimen has been taken by Dr. Sharp in the London district,
on which Mr. Rye introduced the species, remarking at the same time
that Erichson’s description does not quite agree with the specimen taken,
which has very long pubescence; Erichson especially says that the
pubescence of C. fuscicornis is short; Mr. Bold records one example
from the Northumberland district as confirmed by Rye and Kraatz. The
CO. fuscicornis of Mr. Crotch’s catalogue was afterwards withdrawn by
him, his example being only an extreme variety of C. dentatus.
(C. subfumatus, Kr. This species resembles C. validus, being nearly
as large, but narrower, especially at the thorax, the anterior callosities
of which are more distinctly prominent. L. 2$ mm.
A single specimen has been taken by Mr. G. C. Champion in the
London district, and was recorded in 1876 (Ent. Monthly Mag. xii. 178) ;
it has not, however, occurred since.
MICRAMBE, Thomson.
This genus was founded by Thomson to include Enrichson’s Para-
mecosoma abietis and pilosula; the latter of these (Skand. Col. x. 66)
he positively identifies with the Cryptophagus vint of Evichson (Insect.
Deutsch. iii. 369); the male of this latter common British species
appears to have the posterior tarsi 5-jointed and therefore must be
separated from Cryptophagus, and Thomson’s identification would seem
to be correct, as he says that he has examined Erichson’s examples ; the
genus appears to be very closely allied to Paramecosoma, and mainly to
differ in the denticulation of the sides of the thorax. In the catalogue
of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise both species are included under
Cryptophagus ; the question, therefore, seems still to be considered
somewhat doubtful; the two species below described are exceedingly
closely allied, and M. abietis has been before introduced as British on
examples of M. vini ; a specimen returned to me not long ago from
the Continent as the former species must undoubtedly be referred to
the latter.
Micrambe. | CLAVICORNIA. 327
I, Size smaller, pubescence longer and thicker, anterior angles
of thorax produced into a tooth behind . . ... .
II. Size larger, pubescence shorter and less thick, anterior
angles of thorax not produced intoa tooth behind . . . M. ABretis, Payhk.
M. vINI, Panz.
MM. vini, Panz. (Paramecosoma pilosula, Er.; Oryptophagus vini,
Er, ef auct.). Reddish-testaceous or light ferruginous, slightly convex,
clothed with rather long and thick pale pubescence ; antenne rather
long; head triangular, eyes black, prominent ; thorax in front almost
as broad as elytra but considerably narrowed behind, strongly transverse,
anterior angles callosely reflexed and produced in a more or less evident
tooth behind, sides finely serrate, posterior angles blunt, punctuation
thick and deep; elytra more or less oval, thickly but rather coarsely
and deeply punctured, the punctures becoming much finer towards apex ;
legs slender, testaceous. L. 14 mm.
On flowers of gorse, broom, &c. ; occasionally, but not often, in vegetable refuse ;
very abundant and widely distributed throughout the kingdom.
-M.abietis, Payk. Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished
by its rather larger size, shorter and less thick pubescence, and the fact
that the anterior angles of the thorax are less dilated and not produced
into a tooth behind; the elytra also are more finely and closely punctured.
L. 1% mm.
On pine trees; Mickleham (W. G. Blatch); Guildford (E. Capron) ; the habitat
of this species appears to be different from that of the preceding, but, unless I am
mistaken, I have found M. vini on low-growing firs,
HENOTICUS, Thomson.
This genus was founded by Thomson for the reception of the insect
known as Cryptophagus serratus, or better as Paramecosoma serrata ;
from the latter genus it differs by having the posterior tarsi of the male
4-jointed instead of 5-jointed ; and from the former by having the
penultimate joint of the tarsi abruptly shorter and narrower than the
preceding instead of equal to it as in Cryptophagus ; in this respect it
resembles Micrambe, from which, however, it differs in not having the
anterior angles of the thorax callosely reflexed; it is one of our rarest
British species.
H. serratus, Gyll. (Cryptophagus serratus, Gyll.; Paramecosoma
serrata, auct.). Oblong, nigro-piceous, rather shining, clothed with long
and rather coarse pubescence; antenne moderately long, ferruginous,
with well-marked club; thorax a little narrower at base than elytra,
transverse, feebly rounded at sides, anterior angles not callosely reflexed,
posterior angles right angles, deeply and rather coarsely punctured,
less closely on disc than on sides, side margins strongly and evenly
serrate ; elytra subparallel, with sides slightly rounded, rather coarsely
328 CLAVICORNIA. [ Henoticus.
punctured ; legs ferruginous ; the elytra are usually obscurely brownish
towards apex ; the female appears to be rather broader than the male,
which has the sides of the elytra less rounded. L. 2 mm.
On the male blossoms of the sallow, &e.; very rare; London district, Forest Hill,
one example found by Mr. Marsh crawling on a wall; Northumberland district, in a
(Sha a Washington, very rare (Bold) ; Scotland, Tay district, Rannoch, very rare
larp).
PARAMECOSOMA, Cutis.
This genus, as constituted in the Munich catalogue, is made up of
the three genera Paramecosoma, Micrambe, and Henoticus ; in its
strict sense it appears only to contain four or five species from Europe
and North America ; it is distinguished from Cryptophagus and Heno-
ticus by having all the tarsi of the male 5-jointed, and from Micrambe
by having the sides of the thorax not denticulate ; our single species is
not uncommon in some localities in England, but appears to be much
commoner in Scotland.
P. melanocephalum, Herbst. Oblong, slightly convex, clothed
with rather fine pale pubescence, brownish or brownish-testaceous, often
almost reddish-testaceous, with the head and thorax black; antennes
long and rather slender, reddish ; thorax much narrower at base than
elytra, a third broader than long, anterior angles simple, side margins
well marked, not denticulate, but with two projections in middle, very
thickly and rather deeply punctured ; elytra rather long, distinctly
punctured almost in rows, the punctuation becoming obsolete towards
apex ; legs slender, reddish-testaceous. L. 13; mm.
On sallows; also in flood refuse; local; London district, rare, Chatham, Walton-
on-Thames; Glanvilles Wootton; Welshpool; Cromer (in company with Formica
Sfuliginosa); Solihull; Salford Priors; Repton (not uncommon in flood refuse) ;
Liverpool and Manchester districts; Northumberland district, Hartford Bridge,
Briar Dene, and on the Irthing (in tufts of grass left on the bushes by floods) ; Scot-
land, in flood refuse on the banks of rivers, abundant as far north as the Moray
district and probably general.
This species may be easily known by its colour, which is very bright
when it is alive.
ATOMARIINA.
This tribe, like the preceding, contains a considerable number of
species, but the genera have not been defined with certainty. Cienoscelis,
Thoms., seems without doubt to be distinct, but the characters assigned
for Anchicera, Thoms., appear to be scarcely sufficient to warrant its
separation as a distinct genus ; the species are easily distinguished from
the Cryptophagina by the position of the antenne, which are situated on
the forehead between the eyes, and are approximate ; the sides of the
thorax are more or less distinctly margined, but are never denticulate,
Atomariina. } CLAVICORNIA. 329
and the upper surface is more or less sparsely pubescent and not setose ;
the tarsi are 5-jointed in both sexes, except in Cwenoscelis.,
I. Posterior tarsi of male 4-jointed ; form elongate; club
of antenne apparently 2-jointed . - +» «/- . « OMNOSCELIS, Thoms.
II, All the tarsi in both sexes 5-jointed; form oblong or
oval; club of antenne distinctly 3-jointed.
i. Form oblong or oval; antenne with the middle joints
alternately longer and shorter; upper surface more or
less distinctly punctured and pubescent. . . . .
ii. Form oval or almost circular; antennae with joints
6-9 subequal; upper surface almost smooth, scarcely
punctured or pubescent . . . .. =.=. =. +. . . EPHISTEMUS, Westw.
ATOMARIA, Steph.
CFENOSCELIS, Thomson.
This genus contains one or two species which were divided off from
Atomaria by Thomson ; they are distinguished by the 2-jointed club
of the antenne, and the plainly marked side-edges of thorax, and also
by having the tibia, especially the anterior ones, considerably dilated
towards apex (‘‘nastan spadlika,” ‘almost spade-like,” Thoms. Skand.
Col. v. 267); our single species is rare, although it is widely distributed,
and probably occurs in many other localities than those that have been
recorded.
C. ferruginea, Sahlb. (pallida, Woll.). Elongate, parallel-sided,
entirely testaceous, except eyes which are black, clothed with thick pale
pubescence, punctuation very fine ; head triangular, antennee stout with
an apparently 2-jointed club ; thorax subquadrate with sides only slightly
rounded, side margins strong, basal margin produced before scucellum,
basal depression deep and terminated by a longitudinal stria on each
side ; elytra rather depressed, with long pubescence set in rows, more
finely punctured than thorax; legs testaceous, tibie widened towards
apex. L. 1} mm.
By sweeping at twilight; also in flood refuse, &c.; occasionally taken in the
runs of Formica fuliginosa ; rare; Chatham, Caterham, Claygate, Mickleham, Bird-
brook; Yarmouth; Fulbourn, near Cambridge; Cotswold Hills, Gloucestershire ;
Scarborough.
ATOMARIA, Stephens.
This genus comprises a large number of very minute insects which
vary much both in form and colour, and have been divided by Thomson
and others into two genera and several sections ; about seventy species
are enumerated in the Munich catalogue, but others have since been
added ; they occur chiefly in Europe and Northern Asia, but a few
species have been found in Madeira and the Canary Islands, and one at
least has been recorded from the Cape of Good Hope ; they live in moss,
vegetable refuse, fungi, &c. ; some of the species are very hard to dis-
tinguish, and many of them require a careful comparison with type
specimens before they can be determined with any degree of certainty.
330 CLAVICORNIA. [ Atomaria.
Thomson divides the genus as follows :—
Antennz less distant from one another than from the eyes,
with the fourth, sixth, and eighth joints less than those
contiguous to them, and the first larger than the second ;
body oblong, less convex, with the thorax not or scarcely
iM Bf G6 oo odo 6 6 86 on go bo a eat iE Oy
Antenne more distant from one another than from eyes ;
body short, with the thorax gibbous in front, transverse. ANCHICERA, 7’homs.
The character, however, afforded by the relative distance of the
antenne from one another and from eyes is very unsatisfactory, and
practically useless, as any student will find who tries to separate species
by it; it appears, therefore, to be the best course to abandon it
altogether, and to separate the species primarily by their general form,
which varies from the elongate shape of Cryptophagus to the almost
orbicular form of Ephistemus; for further particulars concerning the
genus the student is referred to Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston’s excellent
revision, published in the Transactions of the Ent. Society of London,
vol. iv. N. S. part i. 1857.
The species may be divided for convenience sake into the following
three sections :—
I. Form elongate, parallel-sided, more or less depressed ; thorax not or only
slightly transverse.
II. Form oblong, shorter, more or less parallel-sided, moderately depressed ; thorax
transverse, with posterior margin not raised in middle.
III. Form short, more or less convex, sometimes ovate; thorax as a rule very
transverse but sometimes only moderately so, generally more or less gibbose in
front, with posterior margin more or less raised in middle.
Section I.
The species belonging to this section are distinguished by their
elongate, parallel, and generally subcylindrical form, which is however,
as a rule, somewhat depressed on the upper surface ; the greater part of
them are uncommon, but one or two (e.g. A. linearis) are occasionally
met with in such profusion as to have been recorded as injurious to
crops.
I. Antenne with the last joint narrower than the
penultimate; sizelarger. . . . » » os «
IJ. Antennz with the last joint about as broad as
penultimate ; size smaller,
i, Thorax as broad or nearly as broad at base as base
of elytra.
1. Colour entirely yellowish-testaceous; posterior
angles of thorax right angles; antenne long and
PONG A Nb oo De Gel O, O° OF 9 Gy duce
2. Colour lighter or darker ferruginous, reddish-
brown, pitchy, or fuscous, apex of elytra usually
lighter than base; posterior angles of thorax
blunt or rounded.
A. FIMETARIT, Herbst.
A. pinuTa, Er.
Atomaria. | OLAVICORNIA. 331
A. Transverse basal impression of thorax without
a fold at each side.
a. Antenna very short and stout; elytra
dark, lighter towards apex, the colour not
being well defined, and sometimes obscurely
WHATkeds ike fa. hel atl etetey alts Bg lade A. FumaTA, Lr.
b. Antenne longer and less stout.
a*. Form shorter; elytra shorter in propor-
tion to thorax; antenne moderately long
and stout.
af. Elytra with a well-defined light spot
before apex; punctuation of thorax
Close and strone =) 5 = «=. = « = A. BaRAnt, Bris.
bt. Elytra usually lighter at apex, some-
times almost entirely yellowish-brown,
but without well-defined light spot.
at. Punctuation of thorax coarser and
morediffuse. +» - +» + = * = *
bt. Punctuation of thorax close and
Gne cia. vas sty ® ees) « As WVOLEASIONI, Sharp.
b*, Form narrower ; elytra longer in pro-
portion to thorax ; antenne elongate and
slender.
at. Thorax as long as broad, with punc-
tuation very close and deep; form quite
linear and parallel . - - «© © + >
b+. Thorax slightly transverse, with pune.
tuation less close and finer; form less
linearce ca) o: Lich eh boda ee Fe
B. Transverse basal impression of thorax deep,
A. NIGRIVENTRIS, Steph.
A. LINEARIS, Steph.
A, ELONGATULA, Er.*
with a small raised fold at each side. . - - A. UMBRINA, Er.
ii. Thorax considerably narrower at base than base of
elytra.
A. Size large; colour dark ; elytra convex. - A. LONGICORNIS, Thoms.
B. Size small; colour testaceous or reddish -yellow,
sometimes brownish; clytra rather flat. . . . A. BADIA, Er.
A. diluta, Er. Entirely testaceous, rather depressed, with fine and
somewhat sparing pubescence ; antenne rather long and stout ; thorax
almost as long as broad, feebly rounded at sides, posterior angles right
angles, rather diffusely and finely punctured ; elytra elongate, sparingly
and very finely punctured; in general appearance this species almost
exactly resembles C. ferruginea, but may at once be known by the
3-jointed club of antennz, the shape of the tibia, and the finer and more
sparing punctuation and shorter pubeseence. L. 1; mm.
Very rare; Scotland, Tweed and Forth districts, Edinburgh, Falkirk, &e.
A. fimetarii, Herbst. Oblong, subcylindrical, pitchy-red or fuscous,
oe ee ee
* The thorax of A. elongatula appears to vary somewhat in breadth in proportion
to the elytra; some specimens might be classed with A. longicornis and A. badia in
this respect; and it must, therefore, be regarded as forming a transition towards
them.
332 OLAVICORNIA. [Atomaria.
with the thorax usually darker than the elytra which are often
brownish-red, clothed with fine pubescence ; antennw ferruginous, stout,
closely approximate at base, with the first joint much developed and
distinctly curved on the outer side, last joint plainly narrower than
penultimate ; thorax convex as long as broad, moderately rounded at
sides, distinctly punetured, base evenly margined, all the angles blunt
or rounded; elytra parallel-sided, somewhat depressed on disc, dis-
tinctly but not strongly punctured ; legs testaceous or reddish-brown.
L. 2 mm.
In moss, and in flood and vegetable refuse; rare; Dulwich, Carshalton; Repton ;
Scarborough ; Flamborough; it has been taken in abundance in York Cemetery by
the late Archdeacon Hey in a fungus, Coprinus comatus, a species usually found in
burying-grounds.
The large size, subeylindrical form, and convex thorax will easily
distinguish this species.
A. fumata, Er. (wmbrina, Gyll., nee Er.). Elongate-oblong, rather
convex, shining, with somewhat coarse and scanty pubescence, fuscous-
black or brownish-red, lighter towards apex of elytra; antenne very
short and stout, ferruginous, with fifth and seventh joints transverse ;
thorax scarcely transverse with sides slightly rounded, convex, rather
deeply and thickly punctured, base evenly and strongly margined ; elytra
evidently more coarsely, although not more deeply, punctured than
thorax ; legs reddish-brown or reddish. LL. 13 mm.
By evening sweeping under fir trees; also under bark of birch, &c.; rare; Mickle-
ham (Champion); Caterham; Bold records it from Gosforth and Gibside, North-
umberland district, as inhabiting a small yellow fungus’ which grows on decaying
stumps, and as not rare ; it is not, however, quite clear whether he is referring to this
species or to A. fimetarii; in fact, the latter seems most probable.
The species is easily distinguished from all the others by its short stout
antenne ; it somewhat resembles 4. Baran, but is differently coloured
and much less closely punctured.
A. Barani, Bris. Somewhat variable in colour, but usually dark
pitchy-brown or black with a distinct spot before apex ; light specimens,
however, occur with the suture and apex of elytra only darker, and inter-
mediate forms are found with a spot at the shoulder and an oblique livid
stain near the apex ; the doubtful forms may be distinguished from the
allied species by the close and at the same time strong punctuation of
the thorax ; the antenne are moderately long, ferruginous ; the thorax
is slightly transverse with the sides feebly rounded, convex ; the elytra
are evidently more depressed than in A. fumata, and are coarsely punc-
tured, the punctures being more diffuse and larger than those of thorax ;
legs testaceous. L. 1} mm.
At roots of grass, in flood refuse, &c.; only found in marshy places; Eltham
(Sharp); Lee (Champion); Notting Hill, on edges of a pond (Power) ; it is not
uncommon where it occurs, but is very local.
Atomaria. ] CLAVICORNIA. Boo
A. nigriventris, Steph. (zana, Er.). Convex, subcylindrical,
shining, with somewhat coarse pubescence, fuscous with shoulders and
apex of elytra lighter, or with thorax black and elytra entirely or
almost entirely reddish-brown ; antenrie rather stout, ferruginous ;
thorax not very transverse, with sides slightly rounded, diffusely and
deeply punctured, base strongly margined, basal depression not bounded
by longitudinal folds; elytra convex, sparingly and rather strongly
punctured ; legs ferruginous. LL. 13 mm.
In haystack and other vegetable refuse ; generally distributed throughout England ;
common in the London district ; somewhat less common further north; Scotland, not
common, Solway and Forth districts ; Ireland (Haliday).
A. umprina, Er. (/uscicoll’s, Mannh. ; plicicollis, Makl.). Closely
allied to the preceding, but distinguished by the structure of the thorax,
which has the basal depression furnished with a raised longitudinal fold
or ridge at each side; the sides and posterior angles are also more evi-
dently margined ; the basal folds are sometimes very obscure, but the
species may apart from them be distinguished from A. nigriventris by its
usually slightly larger size, and less deeply punctured surface ; legs
reddish-yellow. L. 13 mm.
In moss, dead leaves, vegetable refuse, &c.; occasionally found in sand-pits; not
uncommon in some places, but local; London district, generally distributed ; Glan-
villes Wootton; Holm Bush, Brighton ; Gloucestershire ; Market Bosworth, Leicester-
shire; Cransley, Northamptonshire; Birmingham district ; Repton ; Mablethorpe,
Lincolnshire; Chat Moss; Northumberland district, very rare ; Scotland, not
common, Solway, Tweed, Clyde, Forth, and Tay districts; Ireland, near Dublin, &e.
A. Woilastoni, Sharp. At first sight this species bears a very
close resemblance to the two preceding ; it may, however, be at once
known from them by the very much finer and closer punctuation of the
thorax, and the shorter and more delicate pubescence ; in this latter
respect it somewhat resembles A. elongatula, but is less elongate, and
has the antenne shorter and stouter; from A. fumata it is distin-
guished by its finer punctuation, more delicate pubescence, and longer
and thinner antennze; it appears to be a good and distinct species
L. 15 mm.
Very rare; Scotland, Forth district ; found by Dr. Sharp on the banks of a small
loch near Edinburgh.
A. linearis, Steph. Elongate, narrow and linear, parallel-sided,
depressed, reddish or reddish-brown, closely and finely but distinctly
punctured, and clothed with very short and not very thick greyish
pubescence ; antennee and legs ferruginous ; thorax as long as broad,
quadrate, as broad as elytra, with the base finely and evenly margined ;
the punctuation of elytra is a little less close than that of thorax ; the
species may at once be known by its very narrow and parallel form,
in conjunction with the fine posterior margin of its quadrate thorax.
L. 13 mm.
334 CLAVICORNIA. [| Atomaria.
In moss, haystack refuse, &c.; common and generally distributed in the London
district and the south, and occurring not uncommonly in the midland districts; it
becomes, however, rarer further north, and I can find no record from any place
north of the Manchester district ; Haliday records it from Ireland, but it has not yet
been found in Scotland. It is occasionally very abundant, and has been recorded by
Mr. Fitch as doing damage to mangold-wurzel.
A. elongatula, Er Elongate, but not so parallel-sided as the
preceding species ; in some specimens the base of thorax is markedly
narrower than the base of elytra, so that it might almost be classed
with A. longicornis and A. badia ; colour fuscous-reddish or brownish-
red with the thorax usually darker; antennz red or ferruginous, long
and comparatively slender ; thorax nearly as long as broad, with the
sides moderately rounded, finely and rather closely punctured, base
evenly and finely margined ; elytra rather convex, evidently but rather
irregularly and not deeply punctured ; legs ferruginous, L. 13 mm.
In refuse, &c.; rare; Highgate Wood, Dulwich, Mickleham; Coombe Wood ;
Hastings; Wiltshire; Gloucestershire ; Whittlesea Mere; Cornwall; Northampton-
shire ; Lincoln; Bridlington and Scarborough, Yorkshire ; Scotland, very rare, Forth
and Clyde districts; Ireland, co. Cork, near Kanturk.
I have a somewhat doubtful Scotch example of this species with dark
thorax and testaceous elytra.
A. longicornis, Thoms. A rather large dark species, black or
pitchy-black, with the extreme apex of elytra and shoulders occasionally
lighter ; oblong, convex, rather shining, somewhat cylindrical, clothed
with rather fine greyish pubescence ; antenne rather long, ferruginous
or red with club darker, or almost black; thorax scarcely transverse,
evidently narrower at base than elytra, very thickly but distinctly punc-
tured, sides slightly rounded, base evenly margined ; elytra much less
closely punctured than thorax, punctuation distinct and somewhat irre-
cular, shoulders well marked; legs ferruginous, femora and sometimes
part of tibia pitchy. L. nearly 2 mm.
Very rare; a single specimen was taken in 1866 by Mr. Crotch near Beauly, In-
verness-shire, and another by Dr. Sharp near Eccles, Dumfries, on May 22nd, 1876 ;
it has also occurred at Paisley.
This species rather resembles a Corticaria than an Atomaria ,; it is about
the size of A. fimetarti, but has longer antennz and a less ample thorax ;
in the structure of its antennz it resembles A. elongatula, but its elytra
are more convex and rather more strongly punctured, and its colour is
different.
A. badia, Fr. (alpina, Heer.). Oblong, depressed, rufo-ferruginous
with thorax darker, sometimes entirely testaceous, clothed with fine
ashy pubescence ; antenne moderate, ferruginous or testaceous, rather
thick, club narrow ; thorax much narrower at base than base of elytra,
almost as long as broad, very finely and thickly but distinctly punc-
tured, base evenly margined with a plain longitudinal depression ;
Atomaria. | CLAVICORNIA. 335
elytra almost parallel-sided with sides slightly rounded, rather finely
punctured, but less closely than thorax ; legs lighter or darker testaceous
or reddish. L. 13-13 mm.
Usually found on Scotch fir, especially in the dead branches; occasionally by
sweeping; rare; Esher (Champion) ; Gravesend (Power); Dover (Hall); Dean
Forest (Blatch) ; Scotland, rare, Highlands, Dee district, Braemar.
This species is perhaps most closely allied to A. elongatula, but is of a
lighter colour (nearly all the specimens I have seen are more or less
testaceous), and has broader and more strongly punctured elytra; the
thorax, too, is narrower in proportion to the elytra, and has the basal
depression much more marked.
Sreotion II.
The two species contained in this section are distinguished from the
preceding by their rather shorter form, and by having the antennz
somewhat more removed from one another at their insertion ; from the
following section they may be separated by their somewhat more depressed
and less convex form and more obtuse posterior angles of thorax; from
most of the species that follow they differ in not having the margin of
the thorax raised in the middle.
I. Antenne and legs black or pitchy-black . . . . . . A. FUSCIPES, Gyll,
Il. Antenne reddish, legs reddish or reddish-brown. . . . A. PELTATA, Kr.
A. fuscipes, Gyll. (concolor, Maerk). Oblong, rather shining,
clothed with fine and short greyish pubescence, entirely black (with the
apex of elytra sometimes obscurely brownish) ; antennz moderate, black ;
thorax transverse, with basal and apical margins equal in breadth, sides
rather strongly rounded, transverse basal impression continued almost to
sides, basal margin not raised, finely and closely punctured ; elytra de-
pressed on disc, with sides almost parallel, finely punctured ; legs black
or pitchy-black. L. 1-13 mm.
In haystack refuse, manure-heaps, &c.; also in heaps of sea-weed near the coast ;
often by sweeping; generally distributed throughout England and Scotland, but
apparently much rarer in the counties that do not border on the sea; in fact, it
hardly appears to be recorded from more than one or two Midland localities. Mr.
Haliday records it from Ireland. Mr, Wollaston mentions that he has brushed it
“in immense profusion” from off the grass at the edges of the cliffs at Bridlington
and Flamborough in Yorkshire.
The totally black colour of this insect, the legs and antenne also being
black or pitchy-black, will at once distinguish it from all its allies.
A. peltata, Kr. Oblong, moderately shining, black or pitchy-black
with the elytra fading off towards apex into a more or less bright chestnut
colour, pubescence grey, fine and rather close ; antenn ferruginous ;
thorax transverse with sides strongly rounded and much dilated in
middle, base truncate, with a strong transverse depression, finely mar-
336 CLAVICORNIA. [ Atomaria.
gined ; punctuation of thorax fine and very close, much closer than that
of elytra; elytra long in proportion to thorax, with the sides slightly
rounded and somewhat strongly narrowed at apex, shoulders well marked
usually obscurely testaceous or brownish, punctuation distinct but not
close ; legs dark ferruginous, base of tibiee and tarsi lighter, sometimes
almost entirely reddish. L. 1} mm.
In vegetable and haystack refuse; rare; Hampstead, Mickleham, Caterham,
Forest Hill, Sheerness, Chatham, Strood, Birdbrook ; Suffolk ; Folkestone; Leicester-
shire; Spridlington and South Ferriby, Lincolnshire; Manchester district; not
Teak from Northumberland; Scotland, very rare, Clyde district, Paisley (Morris
oung).
The oblong depressed shape, well-marked colour, and the shape of the
thorax, which is strongly dilated in the middle, will serve to distinguish
this species.
Section III.
This section contains the largest number of species, and it is very hard
to find any satisfactory characters by which to divide them; some of
them are very closely allied, and require great care in their discrimina-
tion ; they are distinguished by having the posterior angles nearly right
angles, by the transverse basal impression being stronger in the middle,
and by the basal margin being almost always more or less strongly raised
in the centre ; the form is more oval and convex than in either of the pre-
ceding sections, and the elytra are usually more or less strongly dilated
at sides. I believe that a useful character might be found in this and
the preceding sections in the presence or absence of cross reticulation
between the punctures of thorax and elytra; this is of very great im-
portance in the genus Mel/gethes, and is certainly present in some of the
species of Atomaria, although from the small size of the insect it re-
quires a very high magnifying power to distinguish it. I have not been
able to find time to work the question out, but some future student of
the group may perhaps be able to do so,
I. Thorax truncate at base,
i. Anterior angles of thorax more or less acute and
prominent.
1. Thorax bright red, elytra black or pitchy-
black ; upper surface very shining, scantily
pubescent.
A. Thorax with a deep depression at base not
bounded by a longitudinal fold on each side . A. NIGRIPENNIS, Payk.
B. Thorax with depression at base scarcely
visible ; form shorterand broader . . ...
C. Thorax with a deep depression at base
bounded by a fold on each side. . . . . .
2. Upper surface lighter or darker brown or red-
dish-brown.
A. Size larger; thorax not very transverse ;
punctuation and pubescence more diffuse . . A. IMPRESSA, Lr,
A. DIVISA, Rye.
A. MUNDA, Er.
Atomaria. | - CLAVICORNIA.
B. Sizesmaller; thorax very transverse ; punc-
tuation and pubescence close. :
ii. Anterior angles of thorax not prominent.
1. Thorax moderately transverse, very convex;
upper surface, as a rule, entirely deep black,
with at most apex of elytra obscurely lighter .
2. Thorax strongly transverse; upper surface vari-
able in colour, but never entirely deep black.
A. Length not exceeding 1 mm.; colour very
variable, but with thorax usually testaceous .
B. Length exceeding 1 mm.
a. Colour nearly always testaceous ; thorax
rarely darker than elytra.
a*. Punctuation finer ; form narrower and
less convex . 6 MOMS One 6) dace
b*. Punctuation deeper; form broader and
more convex ae Tae ae le:
b. Elytra with base dark and apex more or
less broadly testaceous, the colour not being
sharply defined ; punctuation of thorax very
close, coarser and deeper.
a*. Thorax black ; form more oblong; an-
bennco; LON cere: ia smth Pete stl Rath. cer
b*. Thorax red; form more ovate and
wider; antennge shorter. . ... .
C. Elytra with basal half dark and apical half
yellowish-testaceous, the colour being very
sharply defined; punctuation of thorax close
butiless;deepy as sep ees oe oe tes see
D. Elytra black with a large common light spot
reaching across middle of elytra; punctuation
of thorax not so close . 5 oO uC
II. Thorax bisinuate at base.
i. Size larger, very convex ; upper surface entirely
WRERS G4 6 4 6 4 x
ii. Size smaller; apex of elytra reddish or brownish-
red.
1. Form convex, evidently narrowed in front and
behind . . -
2. Form oblong-oval.
A. Colour dark with apex of elytra lighter.
a. Size larger; upper surface more distinctly
punctured , Bhat OOo io BE ee
b. Size smaller ; upper surface less distinctly
punebureds st els eee = eth dey pe
B. Colour rufo-piceous or brownish-red with
shoulders and apical region of elytra more or
less broadly and clearly rufescent .
337
A. ruscaTa, Sch.
A. ATRA, Herbst.
A. PUSILLA, Payk.
A. ATRICAPILLA, Steph.
A. BEROLINENSIS, Kr.
A. BASALIs, Zr.
A. RHENANA, Ky.
A. MESOMELAS, Herbsé.
A. eurtTa, Steph.
A. GipBuLA, Er. (Hislopi,
Woll.)
A. APICALIS, Hr.
A. ANALIS, Er.
A. RUFICORNIS, Marsh.
A. VERSICOLOR, Fr.
A. nigripennis, Payk. Subovate, very scantily pubescent, shining,
head and thorax bright red, elytra black ; antenne moderately long and
stout, red; thorax not very strongly transverse with sides almost
angularly rounded in middle, narrowed in front, anterior angles very
acute and prominent, sparingly and very finely punctured, basal transe
VOL. III.
Z
338 CLAVICORNIA. [Atomaria.
verse impression rather deep without a fold on each side; elytra rather
strongly widened before middle, sparingly and finely punctured, black
with extreme apex and shoulders obscurely yellowish-brown ; legs
testaceous. L. 14-15 mm.
In haystack refuse, &c.; also in fungus in cellars; very local and not common;
London district, rare, Forest Hill; Knowle; Birmingham ; Gloucester, taken in
some numbers by Professor Allen Harker in fungus in a wine cellar in company with
Cryptophagus and Orthoperus atomus; Burton-on-Trent ; Stretford, near Man-
chester ; Northumberland district ; Scotland, rare, “ Dalmeny Woods, near Edin-
burgh,” Murray’s Cat.
A. divisa, Rye. This species somewhat closely resembles A. nigri-
pennis at first sight, but is very distinct from it; the general form is
shorter and more oblong, and much less narrowed in front; the antenne
are shorter; the thorax is longer with the sides more parallel and more
evenly rounded, with the transverse basal depression scarcely visible ;
the punctuation, especially of elytra, is distinctly stronger, and the
femora are darker ; the same characters will also distinguish it from A.
munda; it is most closely allied to A. rubricollis, Bris., from whieh it
differs in its much shorter build, the much stronger punctuation of its
elytra, which are less contraeted behind, its black scutellum, almost
quadrate thorax, and darker femora. L. 14 mm.
This species rests on a single specimen in Mr. Rye’s collection, locality
unknown ; it is certainly very distinct from all our other species.
A. munda, Er. Closely allied to A. nigripennis, but with the
elytra usually not so deeply coloured, sometimes almost reddish; it is
also longer and not so broad in form; the thorax is more closely punc-
tured, and has the sides very slightly less straight before base; the
transverse impression at base is bounded by a fold on each side; the
elytra are a little more plainly punctured and the breast is darker. L.
13-15 mm.
In haystack refuse, rubbish-heaps, cow-houses, cellars, &c. ; local ; London district,
local but common, Sheerness, Lee, Egham, Forest Hill, Esher, Croydon, Cowley,
Ealing; Staines ; Knowle; Searborough; Stretford, near Manchester (by sweeping) ;
Lancaster ; Northumberland district, very rare, Gosforth and Cullercoates ; not re-
corded from Scotland ; Ireland, near Waterford (Power).
The thorax of this species appears sometimes to be somewhat
darkened ; this is chiefly, however, the case with old specimens that have
not been set when fresh; the general colour, however, is certainly not so
bright as in A. nigripennis.
A. impressa, Er. One of our larger species; oblong-oval, not very
convex, shining, of a lighter or darker fuscous-brown colour, thorax
usually darker, upper surface clothed with fine and scanty ashy pubes-
eence; antennze rather long, reddish or reddish-brown; thorax only
slightly transverse, narrowed in front, very feebly rounded at sides, base
Atomaria. | CLAVICORNIA. 339
with a strong transverse depression bounded by a fold on each side
posterior angles right angles, sparingly and finely but distinctly punc-
tured; elytra plainly and moderately strongly punctured at base, punetua-
tion evanescent towards apex, dark, with shoulders and apex lighter;
legs reddish. L. 2 mm.
In haystack refuse ; rare ; Lee, Kent, one specimen (Sharp) ; Scarborough (R.
Lawson); Stretford, near Manchester, under refuse, banks of Mersey (Chappell) ;
Northumberland district, rare, Banks of Irthing (Bold).
A. fuscata, Sch. Oblong-oval, not very convex, varying in colour
from dark pitchy-brown, almost black, to brownish-testaceous, clothed
with rather fine greyish pubescence ; antenne moderately long and stout,
ferruginous or reddish-brown ; thorax very transverse, with sides gently
rounded, thickly and distinctly punctured, transverse basal impression
rather deep, basal margin raised in middle, posterior angles almost right
angles ; elytra not so closely punctured as thorax; legs lighter or darker
brownish or testaceous, L. 13 mm.
In haystack refuse, manure-heaps, &c.; rather common and generally distributed
throughout England; Scotland common, Solway, Forth, and Clyde districts ; Ire-
land, Killarney and near Waterford, and probably generally distributed.
Owing to the great variation in colour this is often rather a puzzling
species ; dark specimens somewhat resemble A. atra, but that species may
be distinguished by its broader and longer and much more convex thorax
as well as by its deeper punctuation ; light examples are very like
ordinary specimens of A. berolinensis, but that species has the elytra
shorter and more convex, and the sides of the thorax less rounded and less
dilated about middle ; the punctuation also of the thorax is not quite so
close and strong ; it is sometimes confounded with A. apicalis, which,
however, is quite differently shaped (being much more narrowed in front
and. behind), and has the elytra more sparingly and strongly punctured
and pubescent.
A. atra, Herbst. Oval, convex, deep black, shining, clothed with
short and fine greyish pubescence, which is rather scanty; antenne
moderately long, reddish-testaceous with club usually darker, compara-
tively widely separated at insertion; thorax not very transverse, nar-
rowed in front, but with sides very slightly rounded, almost straight,
behind, strongly convex, depressed at base, rather coarsely and deeply
punctured ; elytra broadest before middle, rather plainly punctured to-
wards base, obsoletely towards apex, apex usually reddish-brown ; legs
testaceous or brownish-testaceous, femora darker. L. 14 mm.
Damp places, by sweeping, &c. ; rare; Hammersmith Marshes (one specimen,
Waterhouse) ; Leigh, Kent (one specimen taken by Miss Shepherd on banks of Med»
way) ; Mickleham ; Cowley; The Holt, Farnham (Power) ; Hastings ; Stoke Wood,
Devon, old fungi (this record may be in error) ; Slapton Ley, Devon, and Withington,
Gloucestershire (Wollaston) ; Loch Gelly, Scotland (Power) 3 Ireland (Haliday).
Z2
340 CLAVICORNIA. [Atomaria.
A. pusilla, Payk. A very small species, which may at once be known
by its minute size; oblong-oval, subdepressed, very finely and closely
punctured, clothed with short and fine pale pubescence; colour very
variable, the elytra presenting all shades from black or dark fuscous with
extreme apex testaceous to entirely testaceous; the thorax, however, is
more or less rufous and usually reddish-testaceous ; antennze moderately
long and stout ; thorax transverse, plainly rounded at sides, basal margin
raised before scutellum, transverse basal impression not deep; elytra
feebly widened in middle, subparallel, obsoletely punctured ; breast and
usually the whole of the abdomen brownish ; legs testaceous or clear
yellow. L. 4-1 mm.
Tn moss, haystack refuse, &c. ; occasionally by evening sweeping; not uncommon,
and widely distributed throughout England ; Seotland, not common, Lowlands, Solway,
Tweed, and Forth districts ; Ireland, Dublin and co. Cork, and probably generally
distributed.
This species, from the variety in its colour, has been separated into
several so-called “species ;” it represents the following species of
Stephens’ Ill. Brit. Ent. pp. 64, 65, 66 :—A. fulvicollis, thoracica, eva-
nescens, phowogaster, basella, and castanea.
A. atricapilla, Steph. (nigriceps, Er.) Oblong-ovate, entirely tes-
taceous with the scutellary region and vertex of head usually obscurely
darker ; the abdomen also is, as a rule, dark, but the insect is somewhat
variable in this respect; the breast is always black or fuscous ; antenne
moderately long, testaceous ; thorax transverse, rather deeply and dis-
tinectly punctured, with the basal margin gently raised, sides rounded ;
elytra slightly widened in middle, with punctuation fine towards base,
obsolete towards apex; legs testaceous. L. 14 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse generally; common and generally distributed
throughout the kingdom.
A. berolinensis, Kr. Oblong-ovate, somewhat deeply punctured,
with the elytra and thorax separately and rather strongly convex, so
that the line of separation between them is strongly marked if viewed
sideways ; the colour of normal specimens is rufo-testaceous with the
head, thorax, scutellary region and outer margin of elytra, especially
towards shoulders, more or less infuscate ; the species is, however, more
usually rufo-testaceous with the darker markings scarcely pronounced,
and is sometimes entirely testaceous; these latter specimens bear a
close resemblance at first sight to A. airicapilla, but the larger, broader,
and more convex form, deeper punctuation, and squarer and more largely
developed thorax will easily distinguish them. L. 13 mm.
In haystack and vegetable refuse, &c.; local; London district, rather common,
Shirley, Twickenham, West Wickham, Lee, Sevenoaks, Sheerness, Tonbridge ;
Hastings ; Gosport ; The Holt, Farnham ; Gloucestershire ; Tintern, near Monmouth ;
Knowle; Northamptonshire; Repton; Flamborough and Scarborough, Yorkshire ;
Atomaria ] CLAVICORNIA, 341
Manchester district; Northumberland district, common ; Scotland, local, Solway,
Forth, and Clyde districts.
In the last European catalogue this species is given as a variety of
A. atricapilla.
A. basalis, Er. (nitidula, Heer). Ovate, convex, clothed with fine
ashy pubescence, black with the elytra more or less rufo-testaceous to-
wards apex, the colour not being sharply defined ; antenne moderately
long, reddish-testaceous, club narrow; thorax somewhat narrower at
base than elytra, half as broad again as long, feebly rounded at sides,
broadest before middle, very closely and rather deeply punctured, de-
pressed at base, basal margin raised in middle; elytra broadest before
middle, closely and rather strongly punctured ; under-side black ; legs
testaceous, femora more or less brownish. L. 1} mm.
In vegetable refuse, &c.; also by sweeping in marshy places, especially in and near
osier-beds ; local; London district, not common, Shirley near Croydon, Darenth,
Hammersmith ; Aylsham ; Woodbastwick; Hastings; Wicken Fen; Birmingham
district ; Stratford-on-Avon ; Repton, common by sweeping in a marshy place near
an osier-bed in company with Crepidodera Modeeri ; Burton-on-Trent; not recorded
from the northern counties ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district, Edinburgh.
A. rhenana, Kr. (v. rhenana, Cat. H. R. W.). Closely allied to the
preceding, but broader and more convex, with the thorax rufous and the
testaceous colour of elytra reaching further towards base ; the antennie
are rather shorter and stouter ; the thorax has the sides more strongly
rounded and almost angularly dilated about middle, and the elytra are
considerably broader and more widened before middle. L. 14 mm.
Very rare; one specimen in Mr. Rye’s collection labelled Great Yarmouth ; one
specimen in Dr. Sharp’s collection from a marsh between Shoreham and Lancing ; eight
specimens, also in Dr. Sharp’s collection, from Brighton ; Mr. T. Wood has taken ten
specimens at Bognor; it has also been recorded from Wicken Fen; it appears chiefly
to be found on or near the coast.
There appears to be some little doubt whether this insect is the true
A. rhenana of Kraatz ; if not, it is probably a new species ; it certainly
appears to be distinct from A. basalis.
A. mesomelas, Herbst. (dimidiata, Marsh). Very like A. basalis,
but more oblong, with the thorax rather narrower in proportion to elytra
and not so closely punctured ; it may as a rule be at once distinguished
from all the other species by its colour, the elytra being black, with the
apical half bright yellow testaceous, the colour being sharply defined ;
the thorax is sometimes rufous, but is usually black; the colour, how-
ever, is variable, and is sometimes almost entirely dark ; the species may
be distinguished by the rather strong alutaceous sculpture or cross stria-
tion of the intervals between the punctures at base of thorax, especially
towards the sides. L. 14 mm.
Marshy places; in flood refuse, at roots of grass, &c.; local, but often abundant
342 CLAVICORNIA. [ Atomaria.
where it occurs; Putney, Egham, Sheerness, Chatham, Lee, Eltham, Dagenham ;
Staines; Arundel; Hastings; Devonshire; Tenby, South Wales; Gloucestershire ;
Norfolk, Huntingdonshire, and Cambridgeshire Fens ; Midland districts; Yorkshire ;
Mabberley, Cheshire (in decayed Equisetum); Northumberland district, local, on
rough herbage on the bed of Gosforth Lake ; Scotland, local, Forth district ; Ireland
(Haliday).
A. gutta, Steph. Ovate, convex, black, shining, clothed with fine
and sparing greyish pubescence, black, with a large common reddish spot
reaching across elytra about the middle ; sometimes the apex also is
lighter ; antenne moderately long, reddish with apex darker, or ferrugin-
ous, club narrow ; thorax very transverse and convex with sides strongly
rounded, moderately thickly and plainly punctured, basal depression
strong ; elytra rather broad, plainly punctured ; the punctuation, how-
ever, of both thorax and elytra is not so thick or strong as in either of
the three preceding species ; legs testaceous. L. 13 mm. .
In marshy places, in flood and vegetable refuse; local, but sometimes occurring
in profusion ; Tottenham, Sheerness, Chatham, Egham, Walton, Maidstone, Reigate,
Rochester; Birchington, near Margate; Hastings; Weymouth; Topsham, North
Devon, under sea-weed, rare; Wicken Fen and other fen districts, very abundant in
some localities; Ely ; Coleshill and Knowle, near Birmingham ; Salford Priors ; not
recorded from the mid-northern or northern counties, or from Scotland.
The colour will at once separate this species from all others ; it appears
to vary considerably in continental specimens, but to be very constant
in the English examples.
A. gibbula, Er. (Hislopi, Woll.). One of our largest species ; oblong
ovate, male apparently rather narrower than female, convex, very shin-
ing, nearly glabrous (being very sparingly clothed with short greyish
pubescence), entirely deep black, occasionally obscurely brownish towards
apex of elytra ; antenne rather stout, ferruginous; thorax large, exceed-
ingly convex, with a deep transverse depression behind, basal edge bi-
sinuate and not margined, sides slightly rounded, finely and not closely
punctured ; elytra convex, rather more finely and sparingly punctured
than thorax, the punctures, however, being larger, broadest about middle
and narrowed behind; legs fersuginous, base of femora darker. L. 2
mm.
Beneath dung of grouse, &c. ; local and rare, but occurring in small colonies where
found ; first taken by Mr. Hislop in Perthshire ; Scarborough (R. Lawson) ; Scotland,
very local, Clyde, Tay, and Dee districts.
A. apicalis, Er. This species is variable as to size and to a certain
degree as to colour, and often gives rise to considerable confusion ; it
may, however, be known by its shape which is short, oval and convex,
but much narrowed both in front and behind ; the punctuation also is
stronger than in some of the allied species, but it is somewhat variable
in this respect ; in the case of a pair taken im cop and sent me by Mr.
Douglas, the male is evidently more strongly punctured than the female ;
Atomaria. | CLAVICORNIA, 343°
the colour is nigro-fuscous or deep-brown with the apex of elytra lighter,
the colour extending more or less towards base ; antenne red; thorax
transverse, very closely but distinctly and rather deeply punctured ;
elytra broader than thorax, dilated in middle, with distinct and rather
diffuse punctuation ; legs testaceous. L. 11-11 mm.
In haystack and other refuse, hot-beds, &e. ; somewhat local, but rather common
and generally distributed throughout the southern and midland districts of England ;
Yorkshire; Manchester district ; Bold records it as common in the Northumberland
district, but it is rare in Scotland, and has only occurred hitherto in the Moray dis-
trict ; Ireland, near Waterford.
From A. fuscata, which perhaps it is most often confounded with, this
species may be distinguished by its shape, the less rounded sides and bi-
sinuate base of thorax, and the somewhat stronger punctuation.
A. analis, Er. (estacea, Steph.). Oblong-oval, slightly convex,
clothed with fine greyish pubescence, black with the apex of elytra
rather brightly reddish-testaceous, the colour in mature specimens not
extending beyond posterior third ; antenne ferruginous or brownish-red ;
thorax not strongly transverse, with sides feebly rounded, rather strongly
and distinctly punctured, basal impression deep ; elytra elliptical, with
punctuation somewhat variable, according to sex, but, as a rule, rather
strong and distinct ; legs brownish with the tarsi and base of tibie, and
sometimes the whole tibie, testaceous. L. 12mm.
In haystack refuse, manure-heaps, Xe. 5 rather common and generally distributed
throughout England, although somewhat local ; Scotland, local, Forth, Clyde, and
Dee districts.
A. ruficornis, Marsh. (terminata, Com.). In colour and general
appearance this species very closely resembles the preceding, but it is
considerably smaller, and has the elytra less distinctly punctured and
the shoulders more rounded ; the antennz also are shorter and more
robust, and the thorax is rather more plainly produced posteriorly in
front of the scutellum ; the colour of the antennz and legs is also, as a
rule, lighter. L. 14-13 mm.
In the midland and southern districts of England this species is exceedingly common
in manure-heaps, haystack refuse, dead birds, &e.; it appears, however, to be rarer
further north, and is not recorded from the Northumberland and Durham district
(the specimens from the locality supposed to belong to this species having been proved
by Mr. Bold not to belong to the genus Atomaria at all); Scotland, rare, Solway,
Tweed, Forth, and Clyde districts ; Ireland, near Waterford; it is probably distri-
buted over the whole kingdom, except perhaps the extreme north of Scotland.
A. versicolor, Er. (ornata, Heer). Oval, somewhat oblong, convex,
shining, clothed with fine and rather sparing ashy pubescence, colour
rufo-piceous, or rich brownish-red with the shoulders and apical region
of the elytra more or less broadly and clearly rufous or rufo-testaceous,
thorax usually darker; antennz red, thorax not very transverse with
sides slightly rounded, plainly bisinuate at base, diffusely and distinctly
344 CLAVICORNIA. [| Atomaria.
punctured ; elytra convex, plainly and diffusely punctured at base,
obsoletely towards apex ; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 13 mm.
In dung, especially of sheep; rare ; Mickleham, Shooter’s Hill, Birdbrook, Dulwich ;
Arundel ; Launceston, Cornwall; Barmouth ; Gloucester; Cotswold Hills, Glouces-
tershire, in some numbers ; Leicestershire; Repton ; South Ferriby and Spridling-
ton, Lincolnshire ; Scarborough ; Scotland, rare, Solway and Clyde districts.
This species is sometimes confused with A. apicalis, but is larger, less
ovate, and less narrowed in front and behind ; it is also brighter and less
pubescent, and as a rule more lightly coloured, and the thorax is a little
more rounded at sides.
EPHISTEMUS, Westwood.
This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species from Europe, North
America, and the Canary Islands; they are very minute, almost orbicular,
insects, and are so closely allied that, although their number is so small,
it is almost impossible to separate some of them satisfactorily, as may be
seen from the lst of synonyms given in the Munich and other cata-
logues ; they occur in vegetable refuse, moss, at the bottoms of haystacks,
in hot-beds, &c.; the best position of the genus appears to be after
Atomaria ; some authors, however, have placed them near the Aniso-
tomide or Byrrhide ; in form they most closely resemble Orthoperus ;
three species are probably British, but the question of the third species
appears to be by no means settled, and I have therefore only given two
in the accompanying table and added the third as a variety.
I. L. 13-12 mm.; form oval, longer; punctuation of
elytra very diffuse and fine, but distincs. 2. . E. extososts, Waltl.
Il. L. 11 mm.; form globose, very broad oval, almost
orbicular ; punctuation of elytra scarcely visible. . . H.@yrinoipEs, Marsh.
E. globosus, Waltl. (xigriclavis, Steph. ; palustris, Woll.). Oval,
globose, comparatively elongate, pitchy or pitchy-red, almost glabrous,
shining; antenne moderately long, red, with distinct 3-jointed club ;
mouth parts testaceous; thorax transverse, much narrowed in front,
forming an almost, if not quite, continuous outlne with elytra, finely
and very diffusely punctured, posterior angles projecting ; elytra gradu-
ally narrowed from middle to apex, with very fine and scattered but
rather distinct punctures, interstices very feebly alutaceous under a high
magnifying power ; legs reddish-testaceous. . 13 mm.
In haystack and other refuse, under bark, in dung, &c.; rare; Wimbledon, Clay-
gate, Lee, Cowley, Charlton, Miekleham, Hammersmith ; Holm Bush, Brighton ;
Buddon Wood, Leicestershire (under bark); Repton; Scarborough; Cheshire ;
Manchester ; Northumberland district, very rare, Long Benton; Scotland, rare, in
dung, Solway and Clyde districts.
E. gyrinoides, Marsh. (ovwlum, Er.). Broad oval, almost orbicular,
narrowed gradually in front and behind, pitchy-red, often almost black
Ephistemus.] CLAVICORNIA. 345
with the apex of elytra obscurely brownish, almost glabrous, shining ;
antenne testaceous or reddish-testaceous ; mouth parts testaceous ; thorax
shorter than in the preceding species, posterior margin sinuate at each
side near posterior angles which are projecting, very finely and diffusely
punctured ; elytra broader than in . globosus, and more indistinctly
punctured, the punctures being hardly visible even under a high magni-
fying power; legs testaceous. L. 14 mm.
In haystack refuse, moss, &c. ; common and generally distributed throughout the
kingdom, but not so abundant in Scotland as in the midland and southern parts of
England.
V. 1% globulus, Payk., vere. According to Mr. Crotch the true £.
globulus of Paykull is a smaller insect, and has the thorax simply emar-
ginate in front instead of bisinuate, and is somewhat differently shaped ;
there appears to be considerable doubt as to this species or variety, and
very little is known about it as British.
In the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, 2. globulus and gyrinoides are given
as synonymous; Mr. Champion records H. globulus from Sheerness, and I have
records also from Darenth and Stretford, Manchester ; the specimens standing under
this species in Dr. Power’s and other older collections must all be referred to EZ.
gyrinoides.
V. dimidiatus, Sturm (confinis, Steph.). This variety has the basal
half of the elytra reddish-testaceous or brownish-red ; it appears to be
about as common as the type.
V. dubia, Fowler. In Dr. Sharp’s collection there are a number of
very small specimens of an Ephistemus (length 7-1 mm.) ; as regards size
they agree with Erichson’s description of #. exiguus, which appears to be
the only other European species now recognized as distinct except E.
globosus and E. gyrinoides (globulus) ; they do not, however, agree with
Erichson’s description in one or two points (e.g. the hind angles of the
thorax which are produced, and the colour of the club of the antennez
which is light testaceous like the rest of the joints, and not pitchy), and
cannot well be referred to EH. exiguus,; they differ, however, from £.
gyrinoides in their much smaller size, rather longer form, and the slightly
more distinct seattered punctures of elytra; it appears the best course,
therefore, to treat them at present as a variety of H. gyrinoides. Dr.
Sharp had separated them from that species, but had attached no name
to them.
SCAPHIDIIDA.
The position of this family has given rise to great differences of
opinion among various authors, and it can hardly yet be said to be
settled ; it is usually placed near the Scydmenide and Trichopterygide ;
Thomson places it near the Nitidulids, Heyden, Reitter, and Weise be-
tween the Corylophide and Phalacridie, and Horn between the Spheriide
and Phalacride, while in the Munich catalogue it is placed between the
346 CLAVICORNIA. [Scaphidiide.
Trichopterygide and Histeride ; in all probability none of these situa-
tions are correct, and Mr. Matthews is most likely right in the position
that he assigns to it in our catalogue of British Coleoptera, p. 27; after
carefully working out the anatomy of this and allied families of the
Clavicornia, he came to the conclusion embodied in the paragraph at the
bottom of page 4 of the Catalogue :—“ Of all the Clavicorn series, how-
ever, the Scaphidiide are the most difficult to deal with; their skeleton
is very peculiar, and very diverse from the normal type; the formation
of the anterior coxal cavities is almost unique, one half being formed by
the prosternum, and the other half by the mesosternum; in Ephistemus
alone, as far as we have yet discovered, a somewhat analogous formation
exists, and for that reason we propose to place the Scaphidiidee between
the Cryptophagide (ending with Ephistemus) and the Mycetophagide ;” *
the other chief characteristics of the family are as follows :—Form more
or less boat-shaped, strongly contracted in front and behind, elytra trun-
cate not covering abdomen; antenne 10 or 11-jointed, with the last
five or six joints often forming a distinct club, sometimes very slender
and capillary ; thorax margined at sides, sinuate at base, with posterior
angles acute embracing shoulders ; elytra with a sutural and marginal
stria ; metasternum very large ; legs slender, tarsi 5-jointed; abdomen
composed of six free segments, of which the first is very large, and the
last not always visible ; posterior coxz widely distant.
The family contains about fifty or sixty species, which are contained
in nine or ten genera; these are widely distributed in the Old and New
Worlds in both tropical and temperate regions ; five genera, represented
by ten species, occur in Europe, of which two genera and four species
are found in England; these two genera may be distinguished as
follows :—
I. Scutellum conspicuous ; eyes euate nie antenne not
capillary . . . . SCAPHIDIUM, OJ.
Il. Seutellum hidden by base of thoras ; eyes complete ;
antenne very slender, capillary . . . e?. . SOAPHISOMA, Leach.
SCAPHIDIUM, Olivier.
This genus contains about thirty species,. of which one only occurs
in Europe; the others are found in North and South America, India,
Ceylon, Madagascar, &c. ; they occur in fungi and rotten wood, and are
in many cases very conspicuous and brightly coloured insects.
S. quadrimaculatum, Ol. Oval, narrowed in front and behind,
black, shining, glabrous, with each elytron marked with two large red or
orange-red spots, one at shoulder and the other before apex ; head pro-
duced in front, antennz rather long, reddish, with a distinct 5-jointed
club ; thorax at base scarcely, if at all, transverse, gradually narrowed
from base to apex, distinctly and not closely punctured, with an inter-
* See, however, foot-note on page 7 of this volume, where it is shown that this
opinion may have to be modified.
Scaphidium. ] CLAVICORNIA. 347
rupted row of strong punctures at base ; scutellum conspicuous ; elytra
with the sutural stria strongly punctured and continued along base, the
rest of the upper surface moderately and not regularly punctured ;
abdomen partially exposed, strongly pointed ; legs long, black, with tarsi
pitchy. L. 5-6 mm.
Male with the metasternum impressed in middle, and with the seventh
ventral segment of abdomen conspicuous.
At the damp bottoms of wood-stacks, under logs, in fungoid growth, rotten
stumps, &c.; not uncommon in the London and Southern districts; it is also found in
the Midlands at Gloucester, Bewdley, Cannock Chase, and Sherwood Forest, &e. ;
Yorkshire ; Northumberland district, Gibside ; not recorded from Scotland.
SCAPHISOMA, Leach.
This genus contains about twenty small and inconspicuous species,
several of which are very closely allied to one another ; they are chiefly
found in Europe and the adjacent countries, and in North America, but
a few have been described from Ceylon, South Africa, &c.; they may be
easily recognized by their long and slender capillary antenne, and by
having the scutellum hidden by the base of the thorax,
I. Antenne with eighth joint very small, ae a third as
large as the ninth joint . . S. AGARICINUM, L.
II, Antennz with eighth joint at least half as larg ge as the
eae joint.
. Form broader ; elytra less thickly punctured 3; seventh
* jit of antennz. wider than apical joints . . . . S. BOLETI, Panz.
. Form narrower; elytra more thickly punctured ;
* gorenth joint of antennez not wider than apical joints . S. assimILE, Zr.
S. agaricinum, L. Ovate, narrowed in front and behind, black
or pitchy-black, colour lighter in immature specimens, shining ; head pro-
duced, antenne testaceous, very slender and capillary with a feebly
marked 5-jointed club, first two joints thickened, eighth joint very small,
eyes not emarginate ; thorax rounded and narrowed from base to apex,
anterior angles not produced, base with no larger impressions as in
Scaphidium ; scutellum hidden ; elytra rather distinctly but not closely
punctured, usually lighter at apical margin, which is broadly truncate ;
legs long and slender, reddish-testaceous, tarsi elongate. L. 2 mm.
In fungi, rotten wood, &. ; not uncommon and widely distributed in the London
district, and in fact from the Midlands southwards; Lincoln, common in Riseholme
Park ; Northumberland district ; not recorded from Scotland.
S. boleti, Panz. Very like the preceding, but of a lighter colour,
and distinguished by having the eighth joint of the antenne distinctly
larger, and the antenne themselves brownish with lighter base ; the
thorax, moreover, is shorter and more contracted in front than in S. aga-
ricinum, and the elytra rather wider in the middle, with the sutural
strie more evident and the punctuation coarser and not quite so close ;
348 CLAVICORNIA. [Scaphisoma.
the elytra become gradually pitchy-red towards apex, but this character
can hardly be relied on, as immature specimens of the former species are
often more or less hight. L. 2 mm.
In fungi, rotten wood, &c.; not common; Hyde Park, Caterham, Mickleham,
Snodland, Birch Wood, Bishops Wood, Whitstable ; Sussex ; New Forest ; Nettle-
comb (Somerset); Salford Priors; Hunstanton; Needwood; Scotland, very rare,
Solway district, ‘‘ Dumfriesshire, Rev. W. Little,” Murray’s Cat.
S. assimile, Er. This species resembles S. agaricinum im size and
shape, but differs in having its elytra more thickly punctured, and pitchy-
black with the apical half and lateral margins reddish-brown; the
eighth joint of the antenne is scarcely shorter and very little thinner
than the ninth, and the seventh, ninth, tenth, and eleventh joints are
equal, and narrower and more attenuate than in that species; from
S. boleti it may be known by its narrower build, longer thorax, darker
colour, and much more thickly punctured elytra, which have the sutural
strize more distinct, and the suture itself broadly keeled; also by the
seventh joint of its antenne not being wider than the rest. L. 2 mm.
Introduced by Mr. Rye (Ent. Monthly Mag. ii. 140) on a single
specimen taken at Coombe Wood ; he says of it, ‘“‘ My insect exhibits all
the characters, except the narrowness, as compared with S. bolet, but I
think it can hardly fail to be the true assimile” (Ent. Ann. 1866, 77).
MYCETOPHAGIDA.
This family, according to the Munich catalogue, contains fifteen
genera and sixty-four species ; as there constituted, however, it contains
the Diphyllina and Mycetwina, which are now removed from it by most
authors ; several new genera have been added by Reitter, who has
changed the name MMycetophagus to Tritoma, and therefore calls the
family Tritomide ; some authors include the Byturide under the family,
but they are separated by their 5-jointed tarsi, besides other characters.
The species of the Mycetophagide, as here constituted, are distinguished
by having the tarsi 4-jointed, with the anterior tarsi 3-jointed in the
male; the anterior coxal cavities are open; they are more or less plainly
pubescent, and sometimes are very brightly coloured ; they are found in
fungi or under bark, and one or two occur in rubbish at the bottom of
haystacks, in granaries, &c.
I. Elytra with distinct punctured strize or rows of
punctures.
i. Thorax without basal furrows; eyes round (appear-
ance like a Cryptophagus) x o oD 6a 8 x
ii. Thorax with a basal furrow on each side; eyes
transverse*|. 1. 5 «© ws «ts 3 » » » » » MyorrornaAcus; Heliw:
TypHmA, Curtis.
* This character applies to all our species, but in the case of one or two foreign
species appears not to be reliable.
Mycetophagide. | CLAVICORNIA. 349
I]. Elytra confusedly punctured, without traces of striz.
i. Eyes transverse ; punctuation of elytra strong ; sides
of thorax finely crenulate So. MGhoomo! toes
ii, Eyes round; punctuation of elytra fine; sides of
thorax not crenulate . . .... .e C . Lirareus, Fr.
TRIPHYLLUS, Latr.
TYPHEA, Curtis.
This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species from Europe, Ceylon,
and Cuba; our single species, 7. fumata, is very widely spread over the
Northern Hemisphere, and has been distributed by commerce, as it
occurs in granary refuse, &e.; the larva is described by Perris, Larves
des Coléoptéres, p. 89; it is very like those of the other Mycetophagide,
and scarcely requires a separate description, except that it is more
lightly coloured, being almost white.
YT. fumata, L. Oblong-oval, rather depressed, with sides sub-
parallel, ferruginous or yellowish-red, with very distinct yellowish
pubescence ; head finely punctured, eyes black, antenne with distinct
3-jointed club; thorax as broad behind as elytra, somewhat narrowed in
front, thickly and finely punctured, posterior angles almost right angles,
scutellum quadrangular ; elytra with fine punctured striz, the interstices
being either finely punctured or slightly cross-striated, and each furnished
with a distinct row of long yellowish hairs; legs coloured as body.
L 23-22 mm.
In haystack and granary refuse, by sweeping, &e.; common and widely distributed
throughout the greater part of England; local in Scotland, Solway and Clyde
districts; Ireland, near Dublin and Waterford, and probably common.
TRIPHYLLUS, Latreille.
This genus contains four or five species from Europe and North
America ; they resemble Mycetophagus, but differ in their distinct antennal
club, and the confused punctuation of the elytra. Reitter separates
T. suturalis and 7. colchicus as a separate genus Pseudotriphyllus ; the
species are found in fungi.
I. Thorax with a distinct basal fovea on each side ; length
22-22 mm. (Pseudotriphyllus, Reitt.). . . . - . + - T. SUTURALIS, F.
Il. Thorax without basal foveee; length 4 mm. (Triphyllus,
i. sp.) : B Poe eee tags T. puncratus, F.
T. suturalis, Ff. Long-oval, clothed with fine, but distinct, greyish
pubescence ; colour somewhat variable, usually pitchy with the margins
of thorax and a greater or less portion of the elytra testaceous or red-
dish-testaceous ; head distinctly punctured, clypeus strongly marked,
antenne moderate, ferruginous, with distinct 3-jointed club; thorax
somewhat narrower at base than elytra, broader than long, side margins
finely crenulate, all the angles blunt, upper surface distinctly and not
350 CLAVICORNIA. [Triphyllus.
very closely punctured, base with a distinct fovea on each side ; elytra
strongly punctured in front, more finely behind. L. 24-22 mm.
In fungi on old trees; local; London district, not common, Hsher, Sheerness ;
Wicken Fen; Salford Priors; Repton ; Sherwood Forest; Ripon; Scarborough ;
Dunham Park, Manchester ; Northumberland district, Wallington, &¢c., recorded by
Bold as common in fungi ; the Seotch record, however, is “‘ Tweed district only, very
rare.”’
T. punctatus, F. Very like the preceding in general shape, but
twice as large and more coarsely punctured and pubescent ; the colour
also is brighter, as a rule, and the elytra are pitchy with the base
rather sharply testaceous, and with a testaceous patch before the apex
of each; the thorax has no basal fovew, and the prosternum in the
female, which in the preceding species has a fovea on its front margin,
is in this species simple ; the club of the antenna, also, is more gradual.
L. 4 mm.
In fungi on old stumps of trees ; common in the London district and the South,
and rather common in the Midlands, but rarer further north, and not recorded
from the extreme northern counties of England or from Scotland. Scarborough and
Dunham Park, Manchester, seem the most northerly localities from which it has been
recorded.
LITARGUS, Erichson.
This genus contains about a dozen species, which are widely distri-
buted over the surface of the world, species being recorded from
Madeira and the Canary Islands, North America, Peru, &c.; there are
two European species, of which one is found very locally in Britain.
The larva of L. bifasciatus is described and figured by Perris, Larves des Coléop-
tdres, p. 84, Pl. ii. fig. 65; it is 33 mm. in length, linear, rather depressed ; head
suborbicular, black with a central whitish line, antenne very short, 4-jointed ;
thoracic segments brownish-black, the prothorax larger than the following with a
fine central whitish line; abdominal segments each with a broad band of brownish-
black, last segment small, bearing two small cerci, segments furnished with long sete
at sides ; under-side pale; this larva is found under bark of various trees, usually in
or about the burrows of Scolytus, but apparently feeding on fungoid growth.
L. bifasciatus, F. (lunatus, F.; signatus, Panz.). Elongate oval,
rather depressed, clothed with fine recumbent pubescence, upper sur-
face finely punctured ; colour black, with the hinder part of the margins
of thorax and two waved bands on elytra, together with a spot before
apex of latter, yellow ; the markings are somewhat variable; the thorax
behind is fully as broad as elytra, transverse, narrowed in front, basal
margin bisinuate, posterior angles very distinct, projecting ; on each side
at base is a longitudinal impression ; elytra rather long, with sides sub-
parallel ; under-side finely pubescent ; legs reddish-yellow. L. 3 mm.
Under bark of beech and other trees ; local; Chatham; Maidstone; Westerham ;
Woodford ; New Forest ; Isle of Wight; Bristol: I have taken one specimen under
bark of elder at Lincoln, which is considerably further north than any hitherto
recorded locality.
Mycetophagus. | OLAVICORNIA. 351
MYCETOPHAGUS, Hellwig (Zritoma, Reitt., nee auct ).
This genus contains between twenty and thirty species, which appear
to be confined to Europe and North America, although representatives
probably inhabit Asia; they are found in fungi or under loose bark of
old trees feeding on fungoid growths ; they are in most cases rather con-
spicuous insects, owing to the fact that the elytra are usually variegated
with orange or yellow spots.
The larva: of Mycetophagus picews is described by Perris, Larves des Coléoptéres,
p. 87; it very closely resembles that of ZLitargus bifasciatus, but differs in being
twice as large, with five instead of four ocelli on each side, and in the fact that the
darker colour is reddish instead of blackish; the larva of M. quadripustulatus is
larger and darker than that of M. piceus, but otherwise agrees exactly with it ; these
larve are found in the same situations as the perfect insects.
I. Thorax with the sides not crenulate, more or
less strongly narrowed in front, antenna
gradually thickened to apex.
i, Last joint of the antenne as long as the two
preceding together.
1. Antenne with joints 8-10 only a little
broader than long, obconical ; size larger ;
elytra black with two well-defined reddish-
yellow spotsoneach. . M. QUADRIPUSTULATUS, L.
2. Antennz with joints 8- 10 strongly ‘trans-
verse ; size smaller; elytra pitchy with two
more or less waved bands, and one or two
patches on each yellowish . . M. piceus, F.
. Last joint of the antenne only a little longer
than the preceding; upper surface black,
elytra with small scattered yellow markings ;
thorax with a distinct eee before
scutellum . . M. aromartus, F.
JI. Thorax almost rectangular or feebly narrowed
in front, with sides hardly crenulate; elytra
brownish or blackish with two or three rather
well-defined spots on each yellowish ; antennze
with four apical joints larger.
i, Last joint of antenne as broad as and much
longer than bey weve 5 aPEet surface very
finely pubescent . . M. Popvutt, F.
. Last joint of antennz narrower and scarcely
longer than penultimate; upper surface
strongly pubeseent . . M. guaprieurtatus, Mill.
Jif. Thorax with the sides crenulate, ‘and evenly,
although not strongly, rounded, and narrowed
in front and behind.
. Thorax brown, closely punctured; elytra with
confused yellowish markings. . M. MuutiepuncrtTatus, Hellw.
. Thorax red, diffusely punctured ; elytra with
two well-defined large yellow spotson each . M. Futvicoxtis, F.
M. quadripustulatus, L. Of long elliptical form, rather de-
pressed, finely pubescent, black, with the head ferruginous, and two
well-defined spots on each elytron reddish-yellow ; these are sometimes
352 CLAVICORNIA. [Mycetophagus.
variable in size, and occasionally those before apex are very small or
even absent; sometimes the spots are entirely wanting, but I have
never seen a British specimen of this variety; antenne gradually
thickened to apex, with the last joint long and pointed, joints 1-6 red,
7-10 dark, last joint more or less brightly yellow; thorax transverse,
as broad behind as elytra, strongly narrowed in front, base sinuate, pos-
terior angles projecting, upper surface distinctly and rather thickly
punctured, base with a deep fovea on each side; elytra with punc-
tured striz, interstices finely punctured ; under-side and legs reddish.
L. 5-6 mm.
In fungi on old stumps of trees, under loose bark, &c. ; local, but common in some
districts; London district, common and generally distributed; Wicken Fen ;
Glanvilles Wootton; Netley ; Exeter; Swansea; Newnham, Gloucestershire; Sal-
ford Priors ; Hunstanton, Norfolk ; Repton ; Sherwood Forest ; Scarborough; Ripon ;
not recorded from any English district north of Yorkshire, and mentioned by Dr.
Sharp as very rare in Scotland, without any locality being given,
IM. piceus, F. Oblong, ferruginous or pitchy-red, with the head
and elytra usually darker than thorax, under-side bright brownish-red ;
the elytra are furnished with more or less variable waved spots and
markings, of which two fasciz towards base, which often meet at suture,
appear to be the largest and most constant. richson (Naturgesichte
der Insect. Deutsch. iii, 408) mentions eight distinct varieties of
coloration ; antenne ferruginous, penultimate joints often darker ; thorax
shaped much as in the preceding species, but with the sides rather more
rounded towards the front, upper surface thickly punctured ; elytra with
fine punctured strize, which become obsolete towards apex, interstices
finely punctured ; pubescence as in the other species light on the light
spots and darker on the dark spots ; legs testaceous yellow. L. 4-43 mm.
In fungi on old trees, &c.; not common ; Forest Hill, Surrey; Lee, Kent; Nor-
folk ; Suffolk ; Hastings; New Forest ; Bristol; Swansea; Shrewsbury ; Needwood;
Sherwood Forest ; Manchester district; not recorded from the Northumberland and
Durham district or from Scotland,
M. atomarius, F. This species is easily distinguished from any of
the others by its deep black colour and the small yellow patches on
elytra, and also by the plain longitudinal impression on sheers before
scutellum ; it is of long elliptical form, finely pubescent ; head distinctly
punctured, antenne reddish-brown, penultimate joints usually darker,
last joint lighter at apex ; thorax as broad behind as elytra, closely and
strongly punctured, hind margin bisinuate, posterior angles well marked,
projecting ; elytra with a small transverse waved band behind middle,
some larger patches towards base, and many small dashes and markings,
yellow ; disc somewhat depressed, striae rather well marked and dis-
tinctly punctured, interstices finely punctured; under-side blackish or
brownish ; legs brownish-red, femora darker. L. 35-4} mm.
Under loose bark of beech, &c.; locally common; Chatham, Brasted, Sevenoaks,
Mycetophagus. CLAVICORNIA. Sue
{ Iplag
Mickleham, Sanderstead, Westerham, Farnborough; Netley; New Forest ; Bristol ;
Ripon.
IM. populi, F. Oblong, depressed, finely pubescent, head reddish
or ferruginous, eyes black, thorax ferruginous, elytra pitchy or pitchy-
red with a broad fascia at base, another behind middle, and a patch
before apex of each yellowish or reddish-yellow ; antenne with the
last four joints distinctly broader; thorax very transverse, feebly
narrowed in front, very finely and thickly punctured ; elytra long in
proportion to thorax, with sides subparallel, striz plain and distinctly
punctured, but becoming obsolete towards apex, interstices very finely
~ and thickly punctured ; legs reddish-testaceous. L. 4 mm.
Under bark of old stumps, in wet decaying wood, &e.; rare; London district,
Epping, &c.; Harleston, Norfolk (in profusion in old elm stump) ; I have taken
several specimens in an old stump at Nocton near Lincoln in company with Symbiotes
latus and Cis bidentatus,
M. quadriguttatus, Mill. Shorter and proportionally broader
than the preceding, with the thorax longer and the elytra shorter in
proportion, blackish-brown or blackish, with two distinct yellow patches
on each elytron ; the pubescence is also much thicker and arranged in
distinct rows on the elytra, and the general form is more convex ; head
thickly and rugosely punctured, antenne rather short, ferruginous, with
the last four jomts plainly broader; thorax only slightly rounded in
front, thickly and rugosely punctured ; elytra with fine punctured
strie, interstices finely rugose; under-side very thickly punctured,
finely pubescent, reddish-brown with apex lighter ; legs reddish-yellow.
L. 3-35 mm.
In the fungoid growth at the bottom of hay and clover stacks, in granary refuse,
&e.; rare; Dartford, Sheerness, and Ashford, Kent; Roehampton, Surrey (one
craw!ing on a fenee (Champion)) ; Shipley, near Horsham; Darenth Wood (in pea
refuse) ; Portsmouth ; Bickleigh, near Plymouth ; a considerable number of speci-
mens were taken a few years ago at Ashford, Kent, by Mr. T. H. Hart.
M. multipunctatus, Hellw. Oblong, elongate, head and thorax
pitchy, margins of latter reddish, elytra pitchy with a large number of
confused testaceous markings, which sometimes leave only a small
portion of the elytra darker; head rather large, very thickly punctured,
antenne longer in male than in female, ferruginous, with the penulti-
mate joints sometimes darker, last five joints plainly broader; thorax
short with sides crenulate and evenly rounded and narrowed in front
and behind, upper surface very thickly punctured ; elytra with rather
strong punctured strize, which become obsolete towards apex, interstices
finely and rugosely punctured ; under-side usually reddish-brown, with .
breast darker; legs red. L. 32-4} mm.
Under loose bark, in fungi on old trees, &c.; locally common; Putney, Coombe
Wood, Sheerness, Darenth Wood, Birdbrook, Hainault, near Sandwich (abundant,
Gorham) ; Netley ; Devon; Bristol; Swansea; Wicken; Norfolk ; Salford Priors ;
VOL. Ill. Aa
354 CLAVICORNIA. | Mycetophagus.
Repton; Ripon; Northumberland district, ‘a fine series from ‘corky fungus’ on
alder, near Wooler, in September by Mr. J. Hardy ” (Bold).
M. fulvicollis, . Elongate, narrow, almost parallel-sided, with
long pubescence ; head black with mouth parts red, thickly and strongly
punctured, antenne rather long, reddish-yellow with the penultimate
joints brownish, last five joints plainly broader; thorax red, narrower
than elytra, with sides evenly rounded and narrowed in front and behind,
strongly and diffusely punctured ; elytra pitchy with two fasciz on each,
and a spot near margin between them, yellowish, strive rather strong
and coarsely punctured, feebler towards apex, interstices smooth ;
prosternum red, meso- and metasternum and abdomen black, legs reddish
or yellowish-red. L. 4 mm.
A single specimen was taken by Mr. J. Ray Hardy, in June 1865,
in a fungus near the saw-mill at Dall, Rannoch, Perthshire: it is curious
that this should be the only Scotch specimen of Mycetophagus for
which a locality is recorded.
DERMESTIDA.
This family, according to the Munich catalogue, contains nineteen
genera and about two hundred species ; the Byturide, however, which
are included by Gemminger and Harold under the family, are now
divided off by most authors, and a considerable number of species
contained in several new genera (Perimegatoma, <Acolpus, Axinocerus,
&c.) have since been added ; the members of the family are very widely
distributed, although they appear to be rather characteristic of tem-
perate than of tropical countries ; a considerable number of species are
almost cosmopolitan in their range, as might be expected from their
habits ; the following are some of the chief characteristics of the family :
—Head variable in size, deflexed, furnished, except in Dermestes, with a
frontal ocellus; mentum quadrate, usually corneous, ligula simple ;
antenne inserted in front of the eyes, usually 11-jointed, but variable,
terminating in a distinct 3-jointed club; thorax short, excavated
beneath for the reception of the antenne except in Attayenus and
Trinodes ; mesosternum prominent, metasternum short ; elytra covering
abdomen, not striate, except faintly in certain species of Dermestes ;
abdomen with five free ventral segments ; anterior coxal cavities open
behind ; legs short, somewhat contractile, tibia with distinct stout
spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, pubescent, with the fifth jomt always long, and
joints 1—4 as a rule short and equal, the first, however, being occasionally
longer ; claws simple.
The members of the family are oblong-ovate or small oval insects,
and the greater part of them frequent furs and hides, and dried animal
remains generally, also articles of food such as bacon, cheese, &e. ;
some, however, appear to be found only on flowers ; even these, in the
Dermestide. | CLAVICORNIA, 355
larval state, are in many cases (e.g. certain species of Anthrenus) de-
structive to animal substances; certain species belonging to the family
are the bane of the natural history collector, and commit great ravages
in collections ; the perfect insects appear to be comparatively harmless,
the destruction being done by the larve; as Professor Westwood
observes regarding them (Classific. i. p. 156), “they appear only to be
destined to continue their species; they are very timid; their move-
ments are slow and very irregular, and are suspended on the slightest
danger, the insects admirably counterfeiting death ;” it is obvious,
however, that by their very presence they do a certain amount of in-
direct, if not direct, damage: with regard to natural history collections
it is easy enough to prevent the ravages of Attagenus, Anthrenus, &c.,
by carefully going over the specimens and using a plentiful supply of
carbolie acid and benzine, but with regard to the ravages of Dermestes
and other genera in fur and hide warehouses, the case is very different ;
Professor Westwood mentions the fact that on one occasion Dermestes
vulpinus had been found so injurious in the large skin warehouses of
London, that a reward of 20,000/. was offered for an available remedy,
without, however, any being discovered, and further that an entire
cargo of cork had also been destroyed by the same insect ; occasionally
the walls of hide-stores are alive with Dermestes and Corynetes ; the
only remedy appears to be to keep the houses as clean as possible, and
to sweep up and destroy as many of the perfect insects as can be con-
veniently got at; this will to a certain extent prevent their multi-
plication, but there appears to be no really efficient remedy applicable
that would not be likely to damage the hides; if the rooms and houses
could be thoroughly emptied, scoured, and whitewashed every year,
much might be done, but this is hardly practicable in most cases, and
hide-stores like granaries are allowed to go on uncleansed from year to
year until they simply teem with insect and other pests.
The larvee of the Dermestids are in many cases such familiar insects that they
are better known to students of Coleoptera than those of many other families ;
their hairy upper surface and generally more or less dark colour gives them a closer
resemblance to the larve of the Lepidoptera than is the case with most of the
Coleopterous larvee ; their chief characteristics are as follows :—Head small, rounded
and corneous, convex in front ; ocelli usually six on each side; antenne very short,
4 jointed; labrum visible, projecting; mandibles short and stout, simple with
apex blunt; body covered with a thin skin, sometimes coriaceous, sometimes scaly,
more or less thickly covered with hairs ; legs short, tarsal claws single. When the
larva is about to undergo its transformation to the pupal state, the skin splits down
the back and serves to envelope the pupa, which throws off the long hairs on the
posterior segments, but retains those on the front parts of the body (v. Chapuis et
Candéze, Larves des Coléoptéres, pp. 97, 98).
_In Dermestes the terminal segment of the larva is furnished with two
short corneous cerei, and the anal appendage is used for progression ; in
Attayenus, Tiresias, and Anthrenus the terminal segment is simple,
and the anal appendage is not used for progression, and the extremity
Aa 2
356 CLAVICORNIA, [ Dermestid.
of the body is furnished with a more or less elongate tuft of hairs,
which is sometimes as long as, or longer than, the whole abdomen.
In the European catalogue the Dermestide are represented by nine
genera, containing about eighty species ; of these five genera, containing
sixteen species, occur in Britain; the genera may he distinguished as
follows :—
J. Head without frontal ocellus ; prosternum without process
behind anterior coxe . . : DerMEStTEs, L.
Il. Head with a distinct frontal ocellus ; prosternum with
process behind anterior coxe.
i. Form oblong; posterior coxe contiguous.
1. Mesosternum narrow ; intermediate coxe not widely
separated.
A. First joint of tarsi shorter than second ; pe
sternum not lobed infront. . . . . ATTAGENTS, Latr.
B. First joint of tarsi twice as long as second ; pro-
sternum lobed in front . . ; A Meeatoma, Herbst,
2. Mesosternum rather broad ; intermediate cOxe widely
separated . . . . Tiresi1as, Steph.
. Form short, round or very short oval ; ‘posterior COXa
not contiguous.
1. Body squamose; head with deep antennal grooves
beneath . . . . . ANTHRENUS, Geof.
2. Body covered with upright bristly ‘hairs ; head with-
out antennal grooves . ..... =. =. =. =. ~~. TRINODES, Latr.
DERMESTES, Linné.
This genus contains more than fifty species, which are widely dis-
tributed, occurring in cold climates like Siberia and tropical countries
such as Brazil ; several, as has been remarked before, are cosmopolitan,
having been carried from one part of the world to another in articles
of commerce ; although the larve commit great ravages and do a vast
amount of injury, yet it must be remembered that, like the maggot of
the common flesh-fly, they are in reality scavengers, and remove a great
deal of animal matter that would otherwise be deleterious to life; they
are certainly the oldest larve known, a large number of them having
been discovered in the interior of Egyptian mummies under circum-
stances that seem to show that they had found their way into the body
previous to embalment (v. Westwood, Classific. 1. 157, note).
The larve of several species of Dermestes have been described and figured by
various authors; that of D. undulatus will be found on Plate iii, fig. 1 of Chapuis et
Candéze, Larves des Coléoptéres, and Westwood has figured that of D lardarius, 1.c.
p. 156, Plate 14, f. 9; the body is elongate and ‘gradually narrowed towards the
tip, and ter minates in two short corneous cerci and a conical anal appendage; the
upper surface is very hairy, the hairs under a high magnifying power appearing
brauched ; the colour is brownish, or reddish-brown. Twenty-two species of Der-
mestes are found in Europe, of which five occur in Britain,
Dermestes.] CLAVICORNIA. 357
I. Elytra produced into a spine at apical sutural
angles; upper surface black with baeess ereyish
pubescence . . So BAP oc =. D> VULPINUS, 2.
II. Elytra simple at apex.
i. Upper surface of elytra without broad light band.
1. Upper surface of elytra black with scanty
PS ee pubescence . . . OD, Frisoni, Kug.
2. Upper surface of elytra distinetly and ‘evenly
mottled with grey pubescence.
A. Pubescence of thorax and base of elytra chiefly
grey; antenna dark with black club . . . D. murinus, L.
B. Pubescence of thorax and base of elytra chiefly
yellowish or brownish- a hare antenne red-
dish with club darker. . . D. unpuxatus, Brahm.
i. Upper surface of elytra with a common broad
valeatate light band extending from base nearly to
mu” Coe fe 6 oe 6 ae 6 ae fo 8 ce DL dein, Joe
BD. vulpinus, F. Oblong, unicolorous black, moderately shiny,
elytra clothed with sparing greyish pubescence; head thickly and rather
coarsely punctured, densely pubescent; antenne red or pitchy-red ;
thorax rather long, considerably narrowed towards front, thickly and
rather strongly punctured, clothed with strong whitish-grey pubescence
at sides and usually in front, central portion almost bare; scutellum
thickly covered with orange-yellow hairs ; elytra black, thickly punc-
tured, with apical sutural angles mucronate ; legs covered with brownish
hairs ; under-side clothed with long and thick white pubescence with a
row of black spots at each side near margins, last segment black with
two white longitudinal patches ; male with a bunch of brownish bristles
on fourth segment of abdomen. L. 6-9 mm.
In hides, furs, natural history specimens, &¢.; very common in many localities,
especially in and about large towns; London district, common; Lowestoft; Devon ;
Scarborough ; Wallasey ; Manchester ; Northumberland and Durham district ;
it has not yet been recorded from Scotland, but probably occurs in Edinburgh,
Glasgow, &c.
D. Frischii, Kug. Very closely allied to the preceding, but easily
distinguished by having the elytra simple at apex, and by the fact that
the white pubescence of the sides of thorax is interrupted at base so that
the thorax has a black spot at each hinder angle; the dark central
space, moreover, on the last segment of the abdomen is terminal only,
and not produced as in D. vulpinus, the male has the fourth seg-
ment of the abdomen furnished with a bunch of brownish bristles.
L. 6-85 mm.
In dead animals, &c.; rare ; Forest Hill (Champion) ; Greenwich (West); Deal
(Champion); New Forest (first taken in Britain in this locality by Mr. W. Farren
in 1860 under a dead horse); Scarborough ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district
(Sharp).
BD. murinus, L. Oblong, black, clothed with fine black and
358 CLAVICORNIA, [ Dermestes.
greyish pubescence ; head thickly and rather coarsely punctured, densely
pubescent, antenne dark, with club black or pitchy-black ; thorax
convex, strongly narrowed in front, transverse, mottled with black and
grey pubescence, and with four spots of yellowish pubescence, two at
apex and two behind middle, which are not very distinct except in
fresh specimens ; scutellum thickly clothed with yellowish hairs ; elytra
black, covered with mottled and marmorate black and grey pubescence,
the latter more dense at base ; legs brown, femora ringed with white near
base ; under-side clothed with long whitish-yellow pubescence, abdomen
with a row of black spots on each side, last segment black, marked
with three white spots at base; male with a tuft of bristles on both third
and fourth segments of abdomen. L. 7-8 mm.
In dead birds, moles, &c.; common and rather generally distributed in the London
and southern districts, and not uncommon in the Midlands, but rarer further north;
York, Liverpool, Northumberland and Durham. district, &c,; Scotland, very scarce,
Forth district only.
D. undulatus, Brahm. (fessel/atws, W.C., nee F.). Closely allied
to the preceding, but on the average smaller, and easily distinguished by
the yellowish or yellowish-brown pubescence of the head, thorax, and
base of elytra, and the reddish or pitchy-red antenne ; the under-side is
thickly clothed with whitish pubescence, but the last segment is furnished
with two white spots at base instead of three as in D. murinus ; in shape
the two species much resemble one another except that the thorax is
longer in D. undulatus. L. 6-7 mm.
In dead birds, fish, &c.; usually found on the coast; local; Whitstable, Sheerness,
Southend, Folkestone, Dover, Deal, Hastings, Shoreham, Brighton, Devon, Swansea ;
it does not occur in the north of England or in Scotland.
D. lardarius, L. Oblong, subcylindrical, black or pitchy, clothed
with short and sparing recumbent pubescence, elytra with a broad light
dentate band, extending from base nearly to middle, composed of thick
yellowish-grey pubescence, with three dark spots arranged transversely
on each elytron; head moderately coarsely but closely punctured, antennze
pitchy or pitchy-red ; thorax with sides rounded behind and narrowed in
front, very thickly punctured, black, with small spots of yellowish
pubescence, lateral margins visible from above; in all our other species
they are not visible from above ; scutellum black ; elytra finely and
thickly punetured with traces of striz towards apex ; under-side black
with fine and not thick yellowish pubescence, without spots; legs black
with yellowish-brown pubescence; male with the third and fourth
segments of abdomen with a tuft of bristles on each ; size variable.
L. 6-12 mm.
In hides, bacon, natural history specimens, dead animals, &c.; more local than is
generally supposed, but far too common; it is rarer out of doors than in houses,
warehouses, &c.; it appears to be generally distributed throughont England and
Wales, and probably Ireland, but Sharp records it as rare in Scotland in the Tweed,
Forth, Clyde, and Dee districts.
Attagenus. | CLAVICORNIA. 359
ATTAGENUWS, Laireille.
This genus contains about fifty species, of which about half are found
in Europe; the remainder are widely distributed, representatives
oceurring in Abyssinia, Ceylon, Cape of Good Hope, North and South
America, &e.
The larva of A. pellio has been described and figured by several authors ; it is
rather Jong and cylindrical, broad in front and considerably narrowed to apex, which
is furnished with a long tuft of bairs; the rest of the upper surface is also more or
less hairy ; the colour is brown or reddish-brown above and paler below ; the motions
of this larva are irregular, and it proceeds by fits and starts, a peculiarity well
expressed by the French word “ saccadé.”
There are three species reputed as British ; one is very common, but
the other two are doubtfully indigenous ; as, however, they are usually
included in our catalogues, I have not excluded them.
“
middle of each near suture. . .
II. Elytra unicolorous black or pitch a cae
III. Elytra fuscous black with three transverse flexuous
bands interrupted at suture, a patch at apex, and a
minute round spot on each side of scutellum, whitish . A. TRIFASCIATUS, F.
(verbasci, auct.)
1. Elytra black or pitchy with a distinet white spot in
fe ee le AY, PELMIO, LE.
A, MEGATOMA, F.
A. pellio, L. Oblong-oval, rather convex, black, clothed with short
brownish pubescence ; head rather strongly punctured, ocellus distinct,
antenn short, red, with dark club ; thorax transverse, narrowed from
base to apex, closely but distinctly punctured, with a spot of white
pubescence in centre of base and at each of the posterior angles ;
elytra black with a very distinct spot of dense white pubescence on
either side of suture about middle; under-side black, covered with
yellowish-grey pubescence ; legs black with tarsi ferruginous, sometimes
entirely red. L. 4-5 mm.
Male with joints 9-10 of the antenne very small, last joint very long,
nearly as long as the rest of the antenna ; female with joints 9-10
together about equal to the last joint.
In skins, furs, natural history collections, &e.; usually in houses; occasionally in
hen-coops, pigeon-cotes, &c.; common and generally distributed throughout the
greater part of England, but apparently, like all the Dermestide, rarer in the north ;
Scotland, rare, Forth district only ; Ireland, near Dublin.
(A. megatoma, F. (piceus, Ol.). This insect appears to be allied
to the preceding, but, according to Mr. Wollaston, who has taken the
only British example known, “ its average smaller size, narrower shape,
unspotted surface, and (in_ the male) the very long apical joint of the
antenne, at once separate it from the common A. pellio ” ; as a matter
of fact, however, the last joint of the antenne appears to be longer in
proportion in A. pellio, but the other characters will easily distinguish
it ; the legs are red. o—25 min,
360 CLAVICORNIA. [ Attagenus.
A single specimen was taken by Mr. Wollaston in July, 1868, in Finsbury Circus,
London ; it occurs in almost all parts of Europe, and in Syria, North America, the
West Indies, Madeira, the Canary Islands, &c.; its habits are the same as those of
A. pellio; as the species is almost certain to be again found in Britain, itis perhaps
as well to retain it; at the same time if is an undoubted importation, although not
more so than many other received species.
(A. trifasciatus, F (verbusci, auct.). Ovate, pitchy-fuscous, or
fuscous black, very finely punctured, pubescent ; thorax with the pos-
terior margin clothed with a dense greyish or yellowish-white pubes-
cence, which is interrupted at scutellum ; elytra with three waved strie
of pale greyish pubescence, interrupted at suture, and also a patch of the
same at apex, and two minute spots, one on each side of scutellum ;
under-side pitchy with yellowish pubescence ; legs testaceous with tarsi
brownish-red. L, 3-4 mm.
Very rare ; in skins of birds, &c., especially in houses; Edinburgh (Leach) ; near
Chelsea (Leach) ; the species is a very doubtful one.
MEGATOMA, Herbst.
This genus contains about half-a-dozen species from Europe, Siberia,
and Tasmania; it is probably of much wider extent than is at present
known ; it is closely allied to Atfagenus, from which it may be known
by the structure of the tarsi, and by having the prosternum lobed in
front ; it is closely allied to the comparatively recently formed genus
Perimegatoma, Horn, which only differs in having the antennal fossee
absent; the larvee of Megatoma are sometimes found upon old palings,
under bark, &c., and appear to be to a certain extent parasitic : accord-
ing to Curtis they eat holes in and apparently feed upon the chrysalides
of Noctue (v. Westwood, Classific. 1. 156).
WM. undata, Er. Oblong, black, elytra rather depressed, not very
shining, very closely, thickly, and distinctly punctured, sparingly
covered with greyish pubescence ; head much narrower than thorax,
antennz black ; thorax much narrowed in front, transverse, with a spot
of white pubescence at each posterior angle, and another before scutellum ;
scutellum black ; elytra not as closely punctured as thorax, with two wavy
bands of white pubescence on each, of which the front one is interrupted
at suture ; legs black with tarsi pitchy; size very variable. L. 34-6
mm. ;
Male with the club very elongate, the last joint being conical and
much longer than the two preceding together; female with the club
small and the last joint not elongate.
In skins, furs, &c.; often on old palings, under bark, and in flowers; local, and,
as a rule, not common; London; London district, Forest Hill, Lee, Esher, Darenth,
Enfield, Addington, Dulwich, Lewisham, &c.; Hainault Forest; New Forest ; Swan-
sea; Burton-on-Trent; Cannock Chase; Buddon Wood, Leicester; Sherwood
Megatom .} CLAVICORNIA. 361
Forest ; York; Dunham Park, Manchester ; not recorded from the extreme northern
counties of England or from Scotland.
TIRESIAS, Stephens (Céesias, Steph. Il.).
This genus contains one European species, which is distinguished from
Megatoma by the broader mesosternum, the more widely separated in-
termediate cox, the longer first joint of the tarsi, and the serrate club
of the antenne in male.
The larva of 7. serre@ is very peculiar ; itis figured by Westwood (Classific. p. 156,
fig. 14, 18) and by Chapuis et Candaze (Larves des Coléoptéres, Pl. ini. fig. 2); it is
terruginous and clothed with long brown hairs, and is broad in front and narrowed behind,
and terminated by a long tail of hairs as in Attagenus ; the chief peculiarity lies,
however, in the tufts of hairs that are arranged closely on the last four segments of
the abdomen, which the larva has the power of raising at will; these give the apex
of the body a fan-like appearance, with the long tuft of hairs at apex projecting in the
middle; the larva of Megatoma appears to resemble that of Tiresias, and the larve of
the Anthreni are also furnished with the same tufts of hairs at sides.
The larva of Tiresias is found much more commonly than the perfect insect in
localities where the latter occurs ; it lives under bark of elm, willow, oak, &c., and
may easily be reared.
™. serra, F. Subovate, rather broad, moderately convex, but with the
elytra somewhat depressed on disc, black, shining, immature specimens
being pitchy-brown; head much narrower than thorax, eyes prominent, an-
tennee reddish ; thorax transverse, slightly reddish at sides, much narrowed
in front, strongly sinuate and produced in middle at base, with disc very
finely and diffusely punctured, the punctuation being more evident at
sides; elytra closely and finely, although distinctly and somewhat
asperately, punctured ; legs lighter or darker reddish-testaceous with the
femora fuscous. L. 33-53 mm.
Male with the club of antenne very large, plainly serrate, female with
the club smaller, not very strongly marked, cylindrical.
Under loose dry bark of elm, oak, willow, &e. ; local and not common; Forest
Hill, Putney, Croydon, Norwood, Richmond Park, Claygate, Enfield, Sheerness,
Greenwich, &c.; New Forest; Devon; Norfolk ; Evesham ; Montgomery ; Ripon ;
Dunham Park, Manchester; not recorded from the extreme northern counties of
England, or from Scotland or Ireland, but it probably occurs in the latter country.
ANTHRENUWS, Geoffroy.
This genus contains between thirty and forty species, which are
very widely distributed, some being almost cosmopolitan, as they
are exceedingly destructive to all zoological collections, and are therefore
carried from one part of the world to the other in the specimens and
boxes ; the four North American species, for instance, are all represented
in Britain: the Anthreni are small round or broadly ovate insects, of a
dark colour, but covered with more or less variegated scales; the head
362 CLAVICORNIA. [Anthrenus.
is furnished with very strong antennal grooves, and the legs are strongly
retractile ; the insects, therefore, are able to stow away their limbs
and antenne entirely beneath the body, and thus escape notice, as in
their motionless condition they closely resemble seeds ; the joints of the
antenne are variable in number, a difference that ought certainly to be
generic ; the species are, however, so closely allied, and are so very distinct
from all the others that are in any way related to them, that it would
perhaps be inconvenient to separate them, and I have merely adopted
Mulsant’s genera as sub-genera.
The larva of Anthrenus muse@orum is figured by Westwood (Classific, vol. i.
p- 156, fig. 14, 20); it much resembies that of Tiresias, being furnisiied with the
long tuft of hairs at apex, and the tufts on each side of the apical segments of abdo-
men. Westwood says that these hairs are of great service to the larva, enabling it
to glide between the fingers when handled, as though covered with oil, and that the
hairs forming the terminal brushes are very interesting microscopical objects, being
individually formed of a series of minute conical pieces placed in succession, the base
being very slender, and the extremity of each hair forming a large oblong knob placed
ou a slender footstalk ; the larva does not form a cocoon, but its skin serves as a case
for the pupa. The British species may be divided into three sub-genera as follows :—
I. Antenne 11-jointed; club 3-jointed. . . . . . 8.g. ANTHRENUS, ?. sp.
II. Antenne 8-jointed; club 2-jointed . . . . . . sg. Fuorivinus, Muls.
ILI. Antenne 5-jointed ; club consisting of a single very
long joint. . . . + © «*. » « « « « « 8. HELOCERUS, Muls.
(Sub-Gen. Anthrenus, i. sp.)
This sub-genus contains eight European species, of which three are
found in Britain ; A. pimpinelle is, perhaps, somewhat doubtful, but the
same may be said about many other probably introduced species.
I. Tibize and tarsi red or brownish-red.
i. Upper surface clothed with black scales, with sides of
thorax and three bands on elytra white, suture red. . A. SCROPHULARI®, L.
ii. Upper surface clothed with black scales, varied with
yellowish scales, especially at base and apex of elytra,
the latter with a broad band in front between centre
PMUblPREdN) 6 5) 0 6 6 9 6 5 a 5 Go Oo 9 dln imo poRIEAD, JI
II. Legs black, tarsi usually brownish; upper surface
clothed chiefly with luteous scales, with spots at base of
thorax and three more or less distinct bands on elytra
NViGer | Seiceke pcos eee este i coe eee ate ae Cuma At AUR VU epee,
(A. scrophularie, L. Ovate, moderately convex, clothed with
different-coloured scales, which are in this species very large and triangular ;
head coarsely punetured, eyes emarginate, antenne black, 11-jointed,
terminated by a 3-jointed club, which is as long as all the rest of the
joints united ; thorax black on disc, sides and more or less of base white
with a few yellowish scales intermixed, coarsely punctured, very strongly
narrowed in front; elytra black, with three more or less interrupted
bands white and the suture red or orange-red ; under-side black, covered
Anthrenus. | CLAVICORNIA. 363
with white and yellowish scales, first abdominal segment with two bare
hollows to receive the posterior femora; legs more or less red, femora
dark, clothed sparingly with white and yellow scales. L. 2}-33 mm.
In natural history specimens, &c.; also on flowers ; rare ; London district (Stephens)
South of England, *“ eating carpets ”’ (Chappell) ; Glanvilles Wootton (Dale); Edinburgh
(Stephens).
This species is variable in colour, and there are five named varieties in
the European eatalogue ; it is, however, so rarely found in Britain that I
do not know whether any of these occur with us.
A. pimpinelle, F. This species is somewhat closely allied to the
preceding, but is shorter, and on the average smaller ; it may be known
by its coloration, the prevailing colour of the scales being yellow instead
of white and the suture not being red ; it is, however, chiefly distinguished
from both the allied species by having a broad white band on the elytra
between the base and centre ; from A. varius it may also be known by its
reddish tibiz and tarsi. LL. 2-34 mm.
On flowers, &c.; very rare in Britain; recorded by Stephens from London, and
somewhat doubtfully from Suffolk and Devonshire, and I believe that it has been taken
once or twice by other collectors. Erichson records it as not rare in Germany on
Umbellifere (Doldenbliithen).
A. varius, F’. (verbasci, L.). This species is of the same shape as
A. scrophularie, but is much smaller ; it is black, almost entirely covered
when fresh with yellow scales, with the posterior angles of thorax, and a
patch at base before scutellum, and three more or less distinct waved
bands on each elytron white, the apical one often taking the form of a
patch ; the eyes are entire, prominent; the punctuation of the whole
upper surface is rather coarse, and the scales are long and narrow ; under-
side clothed with fine, long, yellowish-grey scales, first abdominal segment
with a bare hollow on each side to receive the posterior femora; legs
black, tarsi often brownish, femora covered with whitish scales. L.
2-2} mm.
In natural history specimens ; also on flowers; not common ; London district, Lee,
Cowley, &c. ; Dover ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Devonshire, Exeter (on flowers of Portugal
laurel) ; Swansea; York. Scotland, very rare, Tweed and Forth districts.
(Sub-Gen. Florilinus, Mulsant.)
This genus contains three European species; they are easily dis-
tinguished by the structure of the antenne, which are 8-jointed with
2-jointed club, by the somewhat distant posterior coxe, anid also by the
fact that the first abdominal segment has no bare hollows for the reception
of the posterior femora.
A. muszorum, L. Somewhat depressed, black, with black and
yellowish-white small triangular scales; antenne reddish, with club
-
364 CLAVICORNIA. [ Anthrenus.
black or brownish ; head and sides of thorax clothed with whitish scales,
those on vertex of the former being brownish; eyes prominent, entite ;
elytra sparingly covered with brown and whitish scales, with three
irregular bands and humeral spot whitish ; under-side with ashy scales ;
legs brownish or ferruginous, femora clothed with whitish scales.
L, 2-25 mm.
In natural history specimens; also in flowers; local but rather common, and
generally distributed throughout the greater part of England, but rarer further north ;
doubtful as Scottish, the only record being “‘ Jedburgh, Rev. W. Little, Murray’s
Cat. ;’ it is probably widely distributed in Ireland. ,
(Sub-Gen. Helocerus, Mulsant.)
One European species is contained in this genus, which is easily
recognized by the structure of the antenne; these are 5-jointed, with
along single-jointed club, which is three times as long as all the other
joints united.
A. claviger, Er. (fuscus, Latr.). Black, very sparingly clothed with
rather large, triangular, yellowish scales ; eyes prominent, entire, antenna
with first two joints large and globular, 3-4 very small, 5th forming a
long club, which 1s larger in the males than in the females ; thorax with
yellowish scales at sides; elytra with three equally separated, more of
less indistinct wavy bands of yellowish scales ; under-side black, sparingly
covered with ashy scales; legs red. L. 13-3 mm.
On flowers, &e.; local; London district, rather common and generally distributed ;
St. Peter’s, Kent; Ditchingham ; Hampshire; Tewkesbury ; Bristol ; Birmingham
district ; Manchester district ; on Umbellifere.
TRINODES, Latreille.
This genus contains four or five species from Europe, Ceylon, and
South Africa; they are distinguished by being clothed with very long
upright hairs without any scales, and by the absence of antennal grooves ;
the larva bears a close relation to that of Anthrenus ; it is found feeding
in spiders’ webs, &c.
TT, hirtus, F. Ovate, rather depressed, shining black, thickly
clothed on the upper side with long upright setose brownish hairs, a
character which will at once distinguish the species; head obsoletely
punctured, antenne reddish-yellow, 11-joimted, with a not very compact
3-jointed club; thorax narrower than elytra, strongly narrowed in front,
with base deeply bisinuate, obsoletely punctured ; elytra plainly punc-
tured, with shoulders well marked ; under-side sparingly clothed with
thin recumbent hairs; iegs reddish-testaceous. L. 13-2 mm,
Under loose dry bark ; rare; Richmond Park, Surrey (Power) ; Windsor (on oak),
Stephens ; Exeter.
Byrrhide.] CLAVICORNIA, 865
BYRRHIDA,
This family contains about twenty genera, and a hundred and fifty
species; they are widely distributed both in tropical and temperate
countries, and a certain number are found as far north as Alaska and
Siberia ; they are oval, convex insects, with the head retracted in all the
genera, except Nosodendron, and the antenne usually 11-jointed, rarely
10-jointed, the last joints forming a more or less elongate club in all
our genera; la'rum distinct; anterior coxal cavities open behind ;
prosternum somewhat prolonged behind ; mesosternum small, metasternum
short and broad ; elytra covering abdomen ; abdomen with five segments,
the first three being sometimes connate ; legs short and stout, strongly
retractile, tibie dilated, and usually altogether or in part suleate
externally for the reception of the tarsi ; tarsi 5-jointed, with the last joint
elongate, heteromerous in Aspidiphorus (Conipora) : with regard to the
latter genus I have followed Mr. Matthews in placing it with the
Byrrhide, rather than together with Sphindus in a separate family
Sphindidz, as is done by Reitter and others, as the formation of the
external skeleton seems certainly to prove its alliance with the present
family ; at the same time its position can hardly be said to be quite
settled, and it does not quite agree with the Byrrhide in all the
characters above mentioned ; Thomson regards it as a separate family
which he calls Coniporidw ; many authors place the genus together with
Sphindus under the Bostrychide. Limnirhus is also regarded by some
authors as belonging to a separate family Limnichide. Great confusion
is now caused by some of the continental authors, who apply the name
Byrrhide to Anobiwm (Byrrhus, Geoff.) and its allies, and alter the
name of Byrrhide as it at present stands to Cistelide; in the catalogue
of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise there seems to be a reductio ad ubsurdum,
as on page 90 Byrrhus is retained as the generic name of B. pilula
and its allies under the Cistelidw, whereas the Byrrhide on page 122
do not contain a genus Byrrhus at all.
The larve of the Byrrhide, as typified by B. pilula, are fleshy, and may be recog-
nized by the large size of the prothorax, and of the last two segments of the abdomen;
the head is corneous, with two ocelli on each side, and the antenne are very short
3- or 2-jointed ; the prothorax is as long as the two following segments united, and is
covered with a hard corneous scutum ; the abdominal segments are nine in number,
the ninth being furnished with two appendages which are used for progression; the
meso- and metathorax and the first seven abdominal segments are membranous, and
the last two are harder, very large, and deflexed; the legs are moderate in length,
with very short tarsi terminated by a simple claw ; the larva of B. pilula is figured by
Westwood (Classific. i. 175, fig. 17, 17), and also by Chapuis et Candéze (l.c.,
Pl. iii. f. 4); it is found in the ground under turf, or crawling on the surface; it is
about three-quarters of an inch long.
(The genus Nosodendron, represented by the single European genus
N. fasciculare, used to be included in all our British lists, on the autho-
rity of specimens taken by Leach in Devonshire, and Hope at Southend,
Essex ; it is figured by Curtis (British Entomology, fig. 246); fiom the
366 CLAVICORNIA. [| Byrrhide.
rest of the Byrrhide it is distinguished by having the head prominent
and not retractile, and by the very large mentum which in great measure
covers the mouth parts; the insect is subovate and convex, black and
rather shining, with the head and thorax rather minutely but not very
thickly punctured ; the elytra are deeply and closely punctured, and are
each furnished with five rows of yellowish bunches of sete ; the
anterior legs only are retractile; the length of the insect is 4 mm. ; it
occurs under bark and at exuding sap of trees, especially elms and
alders; the larva is very peculiar, being broad in front and much
narrowed to apex, with the head and prothorax very large, and being
furnished at the sides of the segments (except prothorax) with setigerous
tubercles or papillw ; the colour of the upper surface is dark brown.
The genus contains four or five species from Europe, Ceylon, and
North America, which are often considered as a separate tribe of the
Byrrhide distinguished by the name Nosodendrina.)
Seven genera belonging to the family and about sixty species are
found in “Europe ; of these . five genera and eleven species occur in
Britain ; this is, arora exclusive of Limnichus and Aspidiphorus,
which are now included. The genera may be divided as follows :—
I, Antenne 11-jointed.
i. Antenne with distinct 3-jointed club; ae surface with
es upright sete . . . Syneatypta, Dillwyn.
. Antenne with joints 7—- 11 gradually “thicker ; F upper
surface without strong upright seta.
1. Upper surface not metallic; abdomen with the first
ventral segment furnished with distinct foveze for the
reception of the Poerck legs; all the tarsi retrac-
tile. ne) Wel reas) acess be DYRRAUS, ci;
2. Upper surface metallic ; abdomen with the first
ventral segment not furnished with fovex for the re-
ception ‘of the posterior legs.
fo Anterior tarsi only retractile.
. Elytra with striz complete toapex. . . . . CytiLus, Er.
b, Elytra without striz. . Morycuves, £7.
B. None of the tarsi retractile ; elytra with sutural
stria complete, dorsal strie ceasing before middle . Srmpxocarta, Marsh.
IT. Antenne 10-jointed.
i. Tarsi heteromerous; abdomen with five free ventral
seenen ehasae 3 ASPIDIPHORUS, Latr.
. Tarsi 5-jointed ; abdomen with five ventral segments,
biEe first three being connate . . . . . =. =. =. . Limnicnus, Latr.
SYNCALYPTA, Dillwyn.
About twenty species are contained in this genus, of which eight are
found in Europe, and the remainder have been described from North
America, the Atlantic Islands, Burmah, &c. ; they are very small black
insects, more or less thickly clothed with strong upright sete ; our three
3ritish species may be separated as follows:—
ew)
for)
a |
Syncalypta. | CLAVICORNIA.
I. Thorax rather thickly and finely punctured.
i. Size smaller; elytra with one deep marginal stria com-
plete; erect sete shorter . . . S. spinosa, Rossi,
li. Size larger; elytra with two ‘deep "marginal strive
complete ; erect sete longer! ss Sis 2) 5. Bae} 4 = ISaSERIGHRA, ZI:
II. Thorax coarsely punctured 2) ey ebay oo SB IRSUDA Shar.
S. spinosa, Rossi (arenaria, Sturm). Subglobose, narrowed in
front and behind, strongly convex, black, dull, without scales, but with
stout upright whitish bristles on the upper surface, which are more
thickly placed at the apex of the elytra; antennze reddish-brown ; fore-
head with two diverging furrows; thorax thickly and finely punctured,
very transverse; elytra with rows of rather large punctures which
become feebler behind, with one deep marginal stria complete; under-
side coarsely punctured ; legs black or pitchy-black. L. 14 mm.
In chalky places, at roots of grass, in moss, &.; local, but often in abundance
where it occurs ; London district, widely distributed, Chatham, Mickleham, Cater-
ham, W: arlingham, Cuxton, Higham, Faversham ; Folkestone ; Hastings ; Portsmouth ;
Norfolk ; Suffolk ; ” Swansea,
S. setigera, Ill. Larger than the preceding, strongly convex,
black, the upper-side more or less distinctly clothed with scales, variegated
with white, with long black erect somewhat clavate sete, which are
placed more thickly at the apex of the elytra ; thorax rather thickly and
finely punctured, much narrowed in front; elytra striate, with two deep
marginal striz complete; under-side and legs thickly punctured, the
latter usually reddish-brown. L. 25 mm.
At roots of grass, in moss, &c.; according to Dr. Sharp, the true S. setigera has
only occurred in Scotland, where it is found very rarely in the Solway district at
Caerlaverock, near the mouth of the Nith; the specimens standing under the name
in our collections must be referred to the succeeding species.
S. hirsuta, Sharp. Closely allied to the preceding, but with much
more coarsely punctured thorax, lighter-coloured antenne and legs,
lighter-coloured, longer, thinner and less clubbed seta, and the depressed
scale-like hairs on the thorax much longer; the depressed scales on the
elytra also appear to be much less numerots and distinct than in setigera,
and not variegated as in that species ; as a rule, however, these are
more or less rubbed off in most epeeecee of both insects, unless they
are captured when quite fresh. L. 25 mm.
Chalky places, at roots of grass and plants, in moss, &c.; local, but occasionally
abundant; Mickleham, Chatham, Sheerness (in profusion, J. J. Walker), Farnborough ;
Deal ; Hastings ; Seaford, Devon, at roots of Plantago ; Norfolk; Suffolk; Hereford;
Swansea.
BYRRHUS, Linné.*
This genus contains about forty species, of which nearly twenty occur
* According to Reitter (Bestimmungs Tabellen LY. Cistelide, &c.,p. 6) this genus
is synonymous with Cistela, Geoffroy.
358 CLAVICORNIA. [ Byrrhus.
in Europe; no species appear to be found in tropical countries, although
representatives occur as far north as Greenland, and as far south as the
Straits of Magellan ; they are round, very convex insects, and have very
strongly retractile lees, so that they can contract themselves into a ball,
and thus avoid the attacks of their enemies.
For the following table I am chiefly indebted to Reitter, and it will
be found easy to distinguish the species with its help; the first two or
three species are exceedingly variable in colour; in fact, no less than
thirteen named varieties of GB. fasciatus and six of B. pilu/a are men-
tioned in the last European catalogue: I have regarded B. Denny as a
variety of the last mentioned species, as it is evidently too closely
allied to it to be regarded as distinct ; in fact, Stephens himself (Ill. ii.
136) says that “it may only be a variety of the foregoing,” and he cer-
tainly cannot be accused of too much synthesis ; the species of Byrrhus
scon get rubbed, and fresh specimens have a very different appearance to
those that have been out for some time.
I. Elytra with the pubescence usually sericeous or tomentose,
without distinct rows of raised setee; furrows to receive legs
less deep; length 6-10 mm. (Byrrhus, i. sp.)
i. Length 7-10 mm.; form longer or shorter oval, with sides
of elytra subparallel, broadest at or behind middle; fore-
head much more finely punctured than clypeus.
1. Under-side clothed with very thin greyish pubescence ;
anal segment in both sexes with three impressions . . . B. prLuna, LZ.
(v. Dennyi, Sieph.)
2. Under-side clothed with moderately thick yellowish pubes-
cence ; anal segment in both sexes without impressions . B. FAScrAtus, F.
ii. Length 6-64 mm.; form short and broad oval, with sides
of elytra rounded and widened, broadest before middle;
forehead and clypeus equally punctured o Soy oo . 3B. porsatis, F.
II. Elytra with more or less distinct rows of raised sete ; furrows
to receive legs, especially the hinder pair, very deep ; length
not exceeding 4 mm. (Curimus, Er.). . . . . +. . . » 3B. MuRINUS, Ill.
B. pilula, L. Oblong oval, black, clothed with tomentose and
somewhat sericeous pubescence, which is very variable in colour and dis-
tribution ; head large, finely punctured, clypeus strongly punctured,
antennz blackish with joints 2—4 reddish, last joint of maxillary palpi
oval, truncate ; thorax finely punctured, as in the other species, much
narrowed in front ; elytra with very fine punctured stri#, interstices
flat; legs pitchy-black, pitchy-red, or reddish; under-side thickly
punctured, rather scantily pubescent, anal segment with three impressions;
the pubescence oa the upper surface is usually brown, that on the
scutellum being mostly black, and the elytra have the alternate
interstices furnished with interrupted bands of black velvety pubescence,
the spaces between being often more or less golden ; when the specimens
are at all rubbed, as they usually are, the character of the pubescence is
entirely altered. L. 7-10 mm.
Byrrhus. | CLAVICORNIA. 369
At roots of grass and plants, in moss, on roads, &c.; common and generally
distributed throughout the kingdom.
V. Dennyi, Steph. Stephens’ description of this variety, which he
regards as a separate species, is as follows :—“ Oblong-ovate ; black,
clothed with a pale golden pubescence ; thorax with two large round
black spots in front, and two irregular angulated ones behind ; elytra
with four longitudinal interrupted black stripes, and a broad sinuated,
abbreviated, black transverse fascia in the middle of the back; the
margin dusky ; body beneath dull black ; legs and antenne dull pitchy-
black ; slightly variable, the markings being less evident in some
examples than in others ;” apparently, however, the name has been
applied to other varieties of B. pilula, in which the alternate interstices
are covered with somewhat golden pubescence, and the black markings
are scarcely evident; according to EHrichson the anterior tibize are
gradually dilated to apex, and the maxillary palpi have the last joint
subsecuriform : if these differences were very marked, they would seem
to indicate that B. Dennyi was distinct, but such does not appear to be
the case, and taking into consideration the extreme variability of B.
pilula and B. fasciatus, it seems best with Reitter and others to
regard it as a variety of the former species.
Sandy and chalky places; in moss, at roots of Teueriwm scorodonia, &e.; rare ;
Chobham and Tonbridge Wells (Saunders); Kewley and Caterham, Surrey (Cham.
pion); Hampstead Heath, Shirley, Cowley, Reigate and Box Hill, St. Leonards
and Littlington (Power); Hampstead Heath and Barham (Stephens).
B. fasciatus, F. Of rather shorter ovate or obovate form than the
preceding, black, clothed with pubescence which is extremely variable ;
head rather large, antenne black with joints 2—4 brown, last joint of
maxillary palpi only slightly thickened, somewhat acuminate ; thorax
very finely and thickly punctured ; elytra with fine punctured stria,
interstices flat ; under-side thickly punetured and rather closely pubescent,
anal segment without impressions; legs pitchy-black or pitchy-red,
gradually dilated toapex. L. 6-8 mm.
In the European catalogue no less than thirteen varieties of this
insect are enumerated; as a rule the upper surface is covered with
brownish pubescence, that on scutellum being mostly black, and the
elytra are furnished with black interrupted lines on the alternate in-
-terstices, and with a broad common waved band of greyish, yellowish
or even almost reddish pubescence on the centre of disc; the general
pubescence is, however, often fuscous and sometimes almost black, and the
variegating pubescence may be whitish, greyish or yellowish or reddish-
golden ; occasionally there is a more or less distinct band on thorax ; the
elytral band may he entirely absent, or sometimes simply takes the
form of two narrow more or less interrupted lines, which are some-
times represented by a few spots ; a considerable number of the forms
appear to occur in Britain.
you. IIL Bb
370 OLAVICORNIA. [ Byrrhus.
In sandy places; somewhat local but not uncommon and generally distributed
from Devonshire to the Sutherland district of Scotland ; it oceurs on the coast as well
as on the summits of lofty hills.
B. dorsalis, F. (pustulatus, F.). Smaller than the preceding,
broad oval, elytra widest before middle, black, clothed with pubescence
which varies in colour much as in B. fasciatus, but not so much in
arrangement, the broad fascia on elytra being usually, but not always,
distinct ; the thorax is usually furnished with a more or less distinct
greyish or reddish-yellow curved band; head very thickly punctured,
antenne black with joints 2-4 brown, last joint somewhat pointed,
maxillary palpi with last joint oval and truncate; thorax thickly and
finely punctured, somewhat rugosely at sides; elytra with very fine
punctured strie, interstices flat ; legs pitchy, anterior tibiee subparallel.
L. 6-65 mm.
Under stones, at roots of grass, &c., usually in sandy places; rather widely dis-
tributed, but not common; Shirley, Hampstead Heath, Plumstead, Cowley, Belve-
dere, West Wickham, Betchworth ; Suffolk; Coombe Wood; Dover; Hastings;
Swansea ; Barmouth; Malvern Hills; Cannock Chase; Derbyshire ; Northumberland
and Durham district ; Scotland, rare, Forth, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts ; Ireland,
Newcastle, co. Down.
B. murinus, F. (s.¢. Curimus, teste Reitter nec Er.; s.g. Porcino-
lus, Muls.). Very short oval, narrowed in front and behind, strongly
convex, upper-side clothed with very short recumbent fuscous scale-like
hairs, and also with short clavate setae which are more or less distinctly
arranged in rows; head somewhat rugosely punctured, antenne black,
reddish-brown at base; thorax short, rounded behind, and strongly
narrowed in front ; scutellum black ; elytra very finely striated with the
interstices on the elytra uneven, alternately broader and narrower; the
narrower ones slightly raised, with more deep black interrupted velvety
pubescence, disc with two wavy whitish lines of pubescence which are
often interrupted, and sometimes scarcely traceable ; legs black or
brownish. L. 33-4 mm.
At roots of heath, in moss, &¢., in sandy places ; rare; Plumstead, Esher, Cobham,
Chobham, Oxsholt, &c.; Norfolk ; Glanvilles Wootton ; Cannock Chase.
CYTILUS, Erichson.*
This genus contains two or three species from Northern Asia, North
America, and Europe ; our single species is very widely distributed in the
northern and central parts of Europe, and in North America ; it closely
resembles a small Byrrhus, but may be known by its more or less
metallic appearance, the absence of fove on the first ventral segment of
hind body, and the free intermediate and posterior tarsi.
* According to the catalogue of Heyden, Reitter, and Weise, this genus is synony-
mous with Cistela, Geoffroy,
Cytilus. } OLAVICORNIA. 371
C. varius, I’. (sericevs, Forst.; pulchellus, Heer.). Short oval, very
convex, of a dark bronze or greenish metallic colour, clothed with short
pubescence ; head thickly and deeply punctured, with rather thin black
pubescence variegated with yellow and sometimes with white ; thorax
thickly punctured, much narrowed in front, with pubescence much as
on head ; elytra finely striated, usually greenish, with the alternate
interstices more shining and variegated with velvety-black ; the first,
third, and fifth interstices are usually more or less golden ; under-side
and legs black, frosted with short whitish pubescence. L. 4-5 mm.
Damp places, in moss, at roots of grass, &c.; somewhat local but not uncommon
and generally distributed throughout England and Wales ; Scotland, common, Solway,
Forth, Clyde, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts; Ireland, Galway, Donegal, Portmar-
nock, &c., and probably common.
MORYCHUS, Erichson (Pedilophorus, Steffahny).
About a dozen species are contained in this genus, one of which has
been recorded from South Africa, but the remainder have occurred in
Europe, Northern and Central Asia, and North America; they may be
distinguished from Cytilus by their free mandibles and the absence of
elytral striz ; our single species may be easily recognized by its elongate
oval, somewhat oblong, form, and the long and thick white pubescence on
the seutellum.
M. zneus, F. Oblong-ovate, more elongate than any other British
member of the family, convex, shining metallic bronze or greenish-bronze ;
antenne black ; head large, rather closely covered with whitish pubes-
cence ; thorax convex, narrowed in front, distinctly punctured, rather
thinly pubescent ; scutellum thickly covered with long white hairs ;
elytra somewhat strongly punctured, rather thickly pubescent at sides,
more sparingly on disc ; under-side thickly punctured, clothed with thick
greyish pubescence ; legs pitchy-black or pitchy-brown. L. 4-4} mm.
In sandy barren places on the banks of streams and on the coast; local and chiefly
found in the north of England and in Scotland; sometimes very abundant where it
occurs ; Northumberland and Durham district, rare, Langleyford, and on the bauks of
the Irthing ; Holy Island; Scotland, local, Solway, Forth, Clyde, Tay, Argyle, Dee,
and probably other districts ; Ireland, Galway.
SIMPLOCARIA, Marsham.
This genus comprises a few species, the greater number of which
occur in Europe, and two or three in Northern Asia and North America ;
together with Morychus (Pedilophorus) and Amphicyrta they form Lr.
Horn’s tribe the Amphicyrtina, which is distinguished from the Byrrhina
by having the epistoma short, but distinct, and coriaceous, whereas in
the last-named tribe there is no distinct epistoma; the species of Sim-
plocaria are small, oval, convex insects, and may be known by having
Bb 2
372 CLAVICORNIA. [Simplocaria.
the tarsi all free, and the fact that all the strie of the elytra, with the
exception of the sutural one, cease before middle.
The larva of S. semistriata resembles in shape that of B. pilula, except that the
penultimate segment is not enlarged; it is abont 5 mm. in length, of a pale greenish-
yellow colour with the exception of the head which is brown; Chapuis and Caniéze
record its capture in the frass accumulated in an old willow trunk, where it probably
was feeding on decomposed vegetable matter.
S. semistriata, F. Ovate, narrowed in front and behind, black
with bronze reflection, elytra yellowish-brown at apex, upper surtace
moderately thickly clothed with somewhat erect greyish pubescence ;
antennz rather long, reddish or brownish red ; thorax convex, finely and
not very closely punctured, much narrowed in front; elytra with the
sutural stria entire, and with the other stri# distinct towards hase, but
ceasing before middle, interstices rather thickly and finely punctured ;
legs red. L. 23-22 mm.
Under stones, in flood refuse, by sweeping, &e. ; usually in damp places; common
and generally distributed throughout the kingdom.
LIRINICIHUS, Latreille.
This genus comprises between twenty and thirty species, of which nine
are found in Europe, and the rest are widely distributed, representatives
occurring in North America, Cape Verd Islands, Ceylon, &c. ; although
usually classed with the Byrrhidee, to which it is evidently closely related,
yet it must be admitted that its position is doubtful, and that its 10-
jointed antennew and habits seem to show that Reitter and others may be
right in placing it together with Pelochares and Bothriophorus in a
separate family ; as far as position goes it is, however, just as well
placed here as it is between the Spheridiide and Parnidz, where it is
inserted by Reitter ; the species are minute, oval, convex insects, and
at first sight somewhat closely resemble the small species of Syncalypta.
Lh. pygmeus, Sturm (sericeus, Steph.). Oval, convex, narrowed in
front and behind, black, rather shining, upper surface clothed with
exceedingly short brownish-grey or grey pubescence ; head and thorax
exceedingly finely and thickly punctured, antenne red, 10-jointed, with
the three last joints forming a distinct club, forehead separated from
clypeus by a distinct suture; thorax narrowed towards apex, with the
posterior angles somewhat acute; scutellum small, triangular; elytra
tinely and diffusely punctured ; under-side thickly and tinely punctured
and pubescent ; legs red ; in immature specimens the upper surface is
sometimes brown and the under surface reddish-brown. L. 1{-14 mm.
Sandy and chalky places, in moss, &c.; usually at the sides of watercourses or in
damp places, and apparently somewhat subaquatic in its habits ; rare; Higham, Kent ;
Sheppy; Southend; Deal; Lyme Regis; Isle of Wight, Luccombe Chine, Ce. ;
Seaton, Devon ; Wicken and Burwell Fens. Stephens records it from Stockton, but
there are several places of this name.
Aspidiphorus. ] CLAVIOORNIA. 37:
ASPIDIPHORWUS, Latreille (Conipora, Thomson, &c.).
The position of this genus has been referred to above (p 365); it con-
tains two species, as far as is at present known, both of which are found
in Europe ; the following are its chief characters : clypeus large, distinct ;
antennee 10-jointed ; head with antennal furrows ; eyes entire ; thorax
finely margined, fitting closely to base of elytra ; tarsi heteromerous, with
the first joint obsolete, much shorter than tibiz ; form convex, somewhat
orbicular, shining and sparingly pubescent ; size very small.
A. orbiculatus, Gyll. (striatopunctatus, Lap.). Subglobose, obo-
vate, shining black, very sparingly pubescent, almost glabrous ; head
large, minutely punctured, eyes prominent, antenne red with club black,
rather long, with the basal joint very large, and the club elongate and
eylindrical, 3-jointed ; thorax short, narrowed in front, finely punctured ;
elytra broader than thorax, very convex, with rather strong rows of
punctures ; under-side shining pitchy-black, breast deeply punctured ;
legs long and rather slender, reddish-testaceous. L. 1-1} mm.
In powdery fungus on fir stumps, in moss, &c.; rare ; Esher (Power and Rye),
Chatham, Caterham, Bishops Wood, Darenth, Faversham, Reigate, Crohamhurst,
Epping Forest, Southgate; Hastings; New Forest; Isle of Wight; Teignmouth
(Wollaston) ; Plymouth (J. J. Walker) ; Whatcote; Dunham Park, Manchester.
GEORYSSIDZ.
This family contains the single genus Georyssws, which is closely allied
to the genus Elmis, but differs from it in its very short and distinctly
clavate antenne and the short 4-jointed tarsi; the head is large and de-
flexed, and the antenne are inserted under the sides of the front, and
are 9-jointed, with the first and second joints thick and the last three
forming an oval club; the thorax fits closely to the elytra; scutellum
inconspicuous ; anterior cox prominent, flattened at tip and forming two
plates which conceal the prosternum ; intermediate and posterior coxe
distant; elytra entire, very roughly sculptured ; abdomen composed of
five segments, of which the first is very large, and the last three free.
The Georysst are found at the margins of streams, or in wet and muddy places at
the foot of clitfs, &e.; occasionally they occur ' nder stones in running streams ; they
cover themselves with a thick coating of mud and sand, which entirely conceals them
until they move, when they look like animated grains of earth ; Westwood (Classific.
i, p. 119) appears to think that thi happens rarely and is not the natural economy
of the insect, but this hardly seems to be the case, and any one who has watched them can
scarcely doubt but that the muddy coating is intended for concealment aad protec-
tion ; according to Wesmael the species 2re always found on the surface of the ground,
as their bodies are entirely glabrous, and consequeutly uuable to retain a coating of air
when immersed in water.
GEORYSSUS, Latreille.
About twenty species have been described as belonging to this genus ;
374 CLAVICORNIA, | Georyssus.
the greater part of these inhabit the Mediterranean region, but one or
two have been described from Tropical Asia, and also from North
America and Australia ; several of Motschulsky’s species recorded in
the Munich catalogue appear now to be considered identical with @.
pygmaeus.
G. pygmeeus, F. (crenulatus, Rossi). Short, convex, subglobose,
shining black, glabrous; head large, granulate, antenne short, pitchy
with base reddish ; thorax narrower than elytra, almost as long as broad,
very convex, narrowed in front, smooth behind, but strongly e¢ granulate in
front, with a central furrow which is abbreviated behind ; elytra with a
tubercle at shoulder, and with rows of very coarse punctures ; under-side
granulate, with the first segment of abdomen comparatively smooth ; lees
black, tarsi short. iL. 12-12 mm.
On the banks of streams, in damp places under cliffs, in fens, &e. ; local; London
district (Stephens) ; Norfolk; Suffolk; Quy Fen and Wicken Fen; Isle of Wight ;
Swanage; Lyme Regis; Swansea; banks of Bollin, Cheshire; Bewdley; Ripon ;
Bridlington ; Scarborough ; Crosby, Liverpool; Manchester district, general ;
Northumberland district, common ; Scotland, local, Solway and Forth districts.
PARNIDE.
As a rule this family is regarded as comprising both Parnus and Elmis
and their respective allies, as well as Psephenus and Lara, which in
several points differ from both, but at the same time form connecting
links without which it would be hardly possible to avoid following
Thomson and others in considering the Parnide and Elmide as separate
families ; the fellowing are the chief characteristics of the family : head
usually retractile, mandibles small, antenne variable either filiform and
moderately long as in Himis, or very short with the second joint dilated
and ear-shaped, as in Parnus; anterior coxal cavities open behind ;
prosternum prolonged behind the coxx; anterior coxe variable ; legs
slender usually long, tarsi 5-jointed, joints 1-4 equal, short, fifth very
long, claws strong ; abdomen with five ventral segments in the European
genera ; the family contains nineteen genera and one hundred and eleven
species, according to the Munich catalogue, but this number has been
considerably increased by the researches of Mr. Champion and others ;
the species are widely distributed, but seem most abundant in Central
America and countries adjacent ; twelve genera oceur in Europe, repre-
sented by about fifty species ; of these five genera and fourteen or
fifteen species are found in Britain; these fall naturally under the
following tribes :—
I. Antenne, asa rule, filiform, more or less elongate,* with the second
joint not dilated ; anterior cox rounded, without trochantin , . EXLMINA.
Il. Autenne very short, irregular, with the second joint dilated ;
auterior coxee transverse, with trochantiu.. ...0. . . . . » PARNINA.
* In Macronychus the antenne are very short.
Elmina. | CLAVICORNIA. 375
ELMINA.
The members of this tribe are shorter and more ovate than the Parnina,
and their legs are, as a rule, longer in proportion ; the longer and regularly
formed antenne, and the absence of a trochantin to the anterior coxa,
will also distinguish them ; the species belonging to our genera are
aquatic in their habits, and are found adhering to stones or logs lying at
the bottom of running water; their movements are very slow ; they
cannot swim, but they are enabled to cling to the stones to which they
are attached with great tenacity by means of their very powerful tarsi
and tarsal claws, thus, as Westwood observes, offering an admirable
instance of adaptive creation in the provision made for those insects
destined to live in violent running water, where, in fact, ordinary insect
motions, whether swimming or walking, would be completely paralyzed ;
the larva of Elmis has been described by Erichson (Naturgesichte der
Insect. Deutsch. iii. 524), and figured by Westwood (Classific. i. 113,
fig. 7, 16, 17), and Chapuis and Candéze (Plate ii., fig. 7); in outline it
somewhat resembles a peg-top, being very broad in front and strongly
narrowed behind, the apex being acuminate ; the head is very small and
sunk in thorax ; the antenne are very short, and the legs are concealed
beneath the body; the thoracic segments are larger than any of the
abdominal segments, the sides of which are incised and overlap one
another in membranous lobes; the whole form is shield-shaped, being
somewhat convex above and hollow beneath; Erichson thinks that the
shape serves to enable the insect to form a chamber for the storage of
atmospheric air on its under-side, but it would seem more probable that
it acts as a sort of sucker, and enables it to cling closely to the stones
to which it is attached.
With few exceptions most of the genera of the tribe are found in
Europe ; Mulsant and Reitter divide the genus Elmis into four separate
genera, Hlmis, Rivlus, Lutelmis, and Esolus, all of which are found in
Britain, as well as the genera Limnius and Macronychus ; the latter
genus has only been taken in one locality, and it is most probable that
Stenelmis at least will be at some future period established as British.
I. Antenne 11-jointed, moderately long.
i. Scutellum rather small, oblong or linear; thorax not
incised at base before scutellum . . . . . . . . Eumis, Latr,
ii. Scutellum rather large, somewhat rounded; thorax
incised before scutellum . . .... =. ~~. ~~. +~- Limyius, Will.
II. Antenne 6-jointed, very short . . . . . . . . . Macronycuavs, Mii.
ELMIS, Latreille.
This genus contains about fifty species, of which about one-half are
European ; fifteen have been described from North America, a few from
Australia, and two from Chili and Peru, in which regions probably a
376 CLAVICORNIA. [ Elmis.
much larger number will be discovered ; six species occur in Britain,
which may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Thorax impressed at base, with a lateral line
on exch side parallel to cue reaching from
base to apex (H/mis, i. sp.) . oe ee s . aeNEUS, Mall,
Te sare not impressed at base.
. Thorax with a lateral line on each side
parallel to margin.
1. Length 3 mm.; elytra behind middle
wider than thorax ; lateral lines of thorax
somewhat converging in front (Latelmis,
HRGIGGET) Mariel eens .« & 2B. Voukmani, Panz.
2. L.1 mm. ; elytra and thorax forming a
parallel-sided oblong; lateral lines of
thorax parallel (Hsolus, Muls.). . . . EH. PARALLELOPIPEDUS, Mill.
ii. Thorax without lateral lines.
1, Thorax finely punctured but not rugose ;
elytra with second and fourth interstices
slightly rsised ; anteune, asa rule, darker,
at least at apex. (Riolus, Muls. )
A. Length 2 mm.; elytra longer in pro-
portion to.thorax ; colour darker . . HE. suBvioLacrvs, Miill,
B. Length 14-14 mm.; elytra shorter in
proportion to thorax; colour lighter . HEH. cuprevs, Mill.
2. Thorax finely rugose ; elytra with second
and fourth interstices quite even ; antenne
red, not darker at apex . . . . . . E. nirens, Mill.
E. eneus, Mill. Black, moderately shining, with the elytra of a
dark bronze metallic colour, clothed with very short and fine greyish
pubescence ; head exceedingly finely punctured, antenne brown with
base red ; thorax narrower than elytra, as long as broad, gradually a little
narrowed in front, upper surface divided into three portions by lateral
lines on each side of disc parallel to sides, and with a transverse im-
pression at base ; elytra convex, sharply narrowed behind, with strongly
punctured striae, fourth and sixth interstices somewhat raised ; legs pitehy-
brown, tarsi reddish. L. 2 mm.
In running water, clinging to stones, &. ; somewhat local, but by no means
uncommon ; generally distributed in the London district and the South; not so
common perhaps in the Midlands, but widely distributed ; Yorkshire ; Manchester
and Northumberland districts ; Scotland, Solway, Tweed, For th, and Moray districts,
and probably general ; it is most likely as common in Ireland,
E. Volkmari, Panz. (Latelmis Volkmari, Reitter). Ey far the
largest and broadest of our species, and easily recognized by its size ;
oblong, black, with a very slight, often almost imperceptible bronze
reflection; head finely rugose, antenne of a bright reddish colour at
base, darker towards apex; thorax about as long as broad, finely punc-
tured, slightly narrowed in front, with the engraved lateral lines slightly
converging towards apex, and with no impression at base ; elytra rather
long, rather broader at base than thorax, somewhat widened behind
Elmis.] CLAVICORNIA, 377
middle, with distinctly punctured striae, which are stronger at sides than
on disc; under-side black, usually with apex of abdomen reddish-brown ;
legs very robust, brown, with the tarsi reddish. L. 3-3} mm.
In running water; local ; London oe not common, Mickleham (River Mole),
Putney , Ripley F Hatfield, W oking, Tilgate Maidstone’; : Nor folk ; Hastings ; Swansea ;
Bewdley ; ; Repton and Burton- on-Trent ; ipo ; Scarborough ; Manchester district ;
Northumberland and Durham district ; ‘Scotland, not scarce, Solway, Tweed, Clyde,
Forth, Tay, Dee, and Moray districts ; Ireland, near Waterford (Power).
E. parallelopipedus, Miill. (Hsolus parallelopipedus, Mulsant).
A small, narrow, oblong, rather depressed and parallel-sided species,
black or pitchy-black, shining ; antenne clear reddish-testaceous ; thorax
about as broad at base as ely tra, parallel-sided, scarcely narrowed in
front, very finely punctured, with the engraved lines almost parallel and
not converging in front ; elytra parallel with the striz scarcely marked,
but with the punctures rather strong towards base and becoming feebler
towards apex, with sixth interstice raised ; ; under-side dark reddish-brown,
legs reddish or reddish-brown with femora darker. L. 1mm.
In running streams; local and not common in England as far north as Northum-
berland, and in Wales; Devonshire, Exmouth and Exeter; Llangolien (River Dee) ;
Repton ; Scarborough ; Manchester district ; Northumberland district, not uncommon,
Rivers Tyne, Irthing, Wansbeck, &ec. (taken by Dr. Power in some numbers in the
latter streams); Scotland, not uncommon, Solway, ‘weed, Clyde, Forth, Tay, Dee,
and Moray districts; [reland, near Waterford (Power).
=. subviolaceus, Mill. (Riolus subviolaceus, Mulsant). This
species in general appearance much resembles #. enews, being of about
the same size and colour; it is, however, at once distinguished by the
absence of engraved lines at sides of the thorax ; antenne brown with
reddish base ; thorax narrower than elytra, fully as long as broad, very
finely punctured, with a small oblique impression on each side behind
middle, and an indistinct transverse impression on each side before middle,
which is often obsolete; elytra narrowed behind with very strongly
punctured striz, second, fourth, and sixth interstices somewhat raised ; legs
pitchy black or dark brown, claws bright red ; the general colour is, as
a rule, darker than in Z. e@neus, and sometimes slightly violaceous. IL,
2 mm.
In running streams, waterfalls, &c.; local, but common where it occurs; Ventnor,
Isle of Wight, in abundance under stones at the foot of a small waterfall to the west
of the town; Llangollen, River Dee; Repton; Ripon; Northumberland district,
Whittle Dene, River Wansbeck ; Scotland, local, Solway and Forth districts,
E. cupreus, Mill. (Riolus cupreus, Mulsant). Smaller than the
preceding, zeneous, rather shining ; antenne reddish-testaceous, as a rule
darker towards apex ; thorax narrower than elytra, a little shorter than
broad, very slightly narrowed in front, finely punctured but not rugose,
with an oblique impression on each side close behind middle, and
another before posterior angles ; elytra oval and convex, rather short and
378 CLAVICORNIA. [ Hlmis.
broad, with very strongly punctured striz, and with the second and fourth
interstices slightly raised, the sixth being carinate ; under-side black or
reddish-brown ; legs pitchy-brown with tarsi lighter. L. 14-14 mm.
Inrunning streams; rarein England as far north as Northumberland, and in Wales ;
Ripley, Surrey (Champion); Woking; Bungay, Sntfolk (W. Garneys); Drayton ;
a
Scarborough ; Manchester district; Hartlepool; Northumberland district, local,
Tyne, Irthing, Ouseburn, and Wansbeck ; Scotland, local, Solway and Fortb and
probably Tweed and Clyde districts.
E. nitens, Miill. (orichalecus, Gyll. ; Riolus nitens, Mulsant). Very
like the preceding, and easily confounded with it; it is, however,
slightly larger, and has the antennz always of a unicolorous red colour,
and the thorax very finely and rugosely punctured and dull, with the
disc almost even ; the second and fourth interstices are quite even, and the
sixth is finely carinate ; this is, however, not a very distinct character, as
the second and fourth interstices in EH. cupreus are very slightly and often
almost imperceptibly raised ; the general shape of the elytra in /. nitens
appears to be rather larger, less oval, and more depressed on disc than
in E. cupreus. L. 13-13 mm. :
In running streams; rare as a rule, but it has occurred rather plentifully to
Dr. Power in the Wansbeck, Northumberland, where it has also been taken in the
Tyne, near Close House, &c.; Stephens mentions it from near London, and it has
also been recorded from Drayton, Hampshire, Glanvilles Wootton, fxmouth, Bewdley,
and Lancaster (River Lune) ; Scotland, very rare, Forth district, taken by Mr. His‘op
near Falkirk.
LIMNIUS, Miiller.
According to the Munich catalogue only half-a-dozen species belong to
this genus, of which three are found in Europe, two in North America,
and one in Australia ; several, however, have since been described by Sharp
and Fairmaire, and there are now nine species in the European list alone,
so that it is probable the numbers of the genus will be largely increased ;
the species differ from Himis in having the scutellum large and somewhat
rounded, and in the fact that the thorax is incised before scutellum ;
hitherto there has been some confusion as to our species, but Dr. Sharp
has lately determined the specimens taken by Dr. Power at Woking to
be L. rivularis, Rosenh.
I. Striz of elytra rather strongly punctured ; central
interstices of elytra more strongly rugose.
i. Size larger ; thorax duller; general form broader, L. TUBERCULATUS, Mill.
ii. Size smaller; thorax more shiny; general form
narrower. a oOo Ae Osa do 5 eo oO 2
Il. Striz of elytra finely punctured ; central interstices of
elytra more finely and closely rugose . . . . . . . L, TROGLODYTES, Gy/ll.
L. RIVULARIS, Rosenh.
L. tuberculatus, Miill. (Dargelasi, Latr.). Oblong-ovate, convex,
brassy black or brownish-bronze, elytra often lighter ; head thickly and
finely pubescent, antenne red; thorax almost as broad as elytra, rather
Limnvus. | CLAVICORNIA. 379
shorter than broad, gradually neon: in front, with the dise very finely
punctured, and impressed at si !es with strony engraved lateral lines which
are curved near base and slightly converge in front; elytra almost three
times as long as thorax, a little dilated behind middle and depressed on
dise before middle, and raised before base into two broad and blunt more
or less distinct prominences, which are often not very apparent, striw
strongly punctured, interstices rather flat and finely punetured in rows ;
at the sides are two carinate lines, the first of which continues the line
on thorax ; legs fuscous-reddish, tarsi lighter. L. 14-14 mm.
In running water, found under the same conditions as Elms ; somewhat local, but
rather common and widely distributed throughout the kingdom,
L. rivularis, Rosenh. Smallerthan the preceding, and more parallel-
sided, with the disc of the elytra much more even ; the disc of the thorax
is more closely punctured and duller, and the lateral engraved lines are
more parallel, although the usual distinction that they are straight and
parallel to the sides does not hold good always, as in some of Dr. Power's
specimens they are distinctly flexuose at base ; the strie of the elytra also
are finer, although the punctures are quite as strongly marked ; in most
of the specimens I have seen the thorax is longer and less transverse than
in DL. tuberculutus; the legs are fuscous-red or pitchy-red with the tarsi
lighter. L. 1 mm.
In running water; local ; Woking (taken in abundance by Dr. Power); Northum-
berland district, Rothley Rakes (Power) ; ; it has also been taken recently by Mr, T.
Wood at Birchington, near Margate. Dr. Sharp has remarked that, although not un-
common in Southern Europe, it bas not previously been found further north than
Central France.
L. troglodytes, Gyll. Broader than the preceding, but otherwise
much resembling it in general shape; it is a little narrower and more
paral'el-sided than L. tuberculatus ; the sides of the thorax are more
parallel and-less rounded in front than in either of our other two species,
and the elytra have the striz evidently less strongly punctured, and the
central interstices more closely and tinely punctured ; the raised lines on
the thorax are almost straight and parallel to the sides. L. 14-14 mm.
In running water; rare; it has only been taken apparently at Slapton Ley, Devon,
by Mr. Wollaston and one or two other collectors.
MACRONYCHUS, Miller.
This genus contains two species, one of which is found in North
America, and the other in Central and Southern Europe; MZ. guadri-
tuberculatus very closely resembles a large E/mzs, but may easily be re-
cognized by the tubercles on the head and thorax, the very long leys, and
very short antenne ; although long looked for, it was not found until
August 1864 by my friend Mr. J. T. Harris in the Dove near its con-
fluence with the Trent, about two miles from Burton-on-Trent; it has
380 CLAVICORNIA. [ Macronychus.
subsequently been taken in numbers by Mr. Harris, Mr. E. Brown, and
Mr. W. Garneys, and sparingly by Mr. Blatch and myself; no other
British locality is known, but there must be many cthers, as an aquatic
insect is not likely to occur in a single stream in the centre of England
and in no other.
The larva of M. quadrituherculatus is described and figured by Perris, Ann. Fr.
1863, p. 621, t. 14, fig. 1—15 ; itis of an obscure dirty-grey colour above with a badly
limited lighter band on each side of the central line, under-side pale; upper surface
rough; form elongate, a little broader in front than behind, gradually uarrowed to
apex; head small, much narrower than thorax; antenne short; prothorax very large,
nearly as long as the next three segments together, meso- and metathorax and the
first eight abdominal segments of about eqnal length, ninth abdominal segment elon-
gate, narrowed to apex, which is emarginate and furnished with long sete; legs
moderately long, terminating in a single stout claw.
RM. quadrituberculatus, Mill. Elongate, narrow, black, some-
times very faintly metallic, front margin of thorax reddish ; under-side
and legs pitchy ; head rather long; forehead very thickly and rugosely
punctured ; thorax somewhat narrower than elytra, longer than broad,
narrower in front, finely margined at sides, very finely punctured, with
two distinct tubercles at base; elytra with distinctly punctured strize
which become gradually weaker towards apex, second interstice on each
side near base raised into a strong longitudinal tubercle which is furnished
with a distinct crest of thick upright sete ; the interstices are more or
less setose ; legs very long, tarsi curved and furnished with strong claws.
L. 23-3 mm.
On submerged logs and stumps; has only occurred in one locality in Britain, viz.
the River Dove near its confluence with the Trent between Willington near Repton
and Burton-on-Trent.
PARNINA.
Under this tribe Dr. Horn includes the Zarina, in which case the
character of the short antenne above given will not hold good except for
our native species, as the antennee in Lara are long and slender ; the
latter genus, however, must, apparently, be separated from Parnus and
its allies ; the two British species Parnus and Potaminus are rather long,
oblong, subcylindrical insects, with long slender legs, and with the antennz
scarcely apparent when the insect is viewed from above ; the upper
surface is thickly clothed with yellowish or greyish or sometimes fuscous
pubescence ; they may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Intermediate coxe separate; thorax without impressed
linestabesidese aa se belle) pcce Meret cl Pee ice ee fe IOTARUUNT Ss Scere
II. Intermediate coxe contiguous; thorax with impressed
linesiatisides) sce freee wee ce ts bs. eee SAINTS ne
POTAMINWS, Sturn (Dryops, Leach, nec Olivier).
This genus contains one species from Europe, one from Java, and
Potaminus. | CLAVICORNIA. 381
several from North America ; the New World species are remarkable for
being covered with stony incrustations; they closely resemble Parnus,
but may be known superficially by their longer legs and the absence
of engraved lateral thoracic lines ; our single species is a very scarce
insect, and most of the specimens in our collections have been taken
in the Dove in the same locality as Macronychus.
P. substriatus, Miill. (Dryops Dumerilii, Latr. et auct.). Of the
same shape as Purnus prolifericornis, but a little more convex, dark
reddish-brown, with the head and thorax darker, sometimes pitchy-brown
or almost pitchy-black, the thorax being lighter at margins; the whole
surface, especially of the elytra, is covered with very thick yellowish,
almost golden pubescence, which is often less evident on thorax ; antenne
very short; thorax a little narrower than elytra, broader than long, with
sides only slightly rounded and rather strongly margined, very thickly
and finely punctured, anterior angles produced ; scutellum rather large ;
elytra convex, with distinct finely punctured stri, interstices somewhat
raised ; under-side red-brown ; legs long, reddish, with femora darker.
L. 4-5 mm.
Under clods submerged at the sides of streams, and under submerged stones, but not
apparently under stumps or logs; rare ; River Dove, near Burton-on-Trent ; Sear-
borough; banks of Wandle near Garrat Green and in Yorkshire (Stephens).
PARNUS, Fabricius (Dryops, Olivier nee Leach).
This genus contains sixteen species, of which all are found in the
Mediterranean region except one which has been recorded from Brazil ;
other species, however, exist in Tropical America which have not been
described; according to the Biologia Centrali-Americana, the New
World species all have the second joint of the antenne much less
developed than is the case with the European species, and the club
consists distinctly of nine joints, whereas in the Old World species only
seven or eight can be distinguished ; this character, however, cannot be
regarded as generic, as the point still appears to be disputed, some
authors considering our species to have the antennw 11-jointed.
I. Elytra very finely punctured, with scarcely any traces
of strize ; pubescence yellowish-grey
II. Elytra more or less strongly and distinctly punctured.
i. Elytra with traces of striz at base only ; pubescence
P, PROLIFERICORNIS, I’,
atric ett Aes Bae te IS ee en hee) toe AURIOU MATS Pane.
ii. Elytra with striee complete and distinct ; pubescence
greyish. - . 3 ss + + + @ + + + + © P. anarricus, Lucas
(striatellus, Fairm.).
iii. Elytra without trace of stria; pubescence golden-
Vee Wane ro ees ara aie sos camo Nin ot aan P. nitIpULUS, Heer.
P. prolifericornis, F. Elongate, subcylindrical, very finely punc-
tured fuscous black, thickly clothed with short erect, yellowish-grey
382 CLAVIUORNIA. [Parnus.
pubescence ; antenne placed very closely together, the space of the fore-
head between them somewhat laterally compressed and raised ; thorax a
little narrower than elytra, scarcely transverse, with sides rather strongly
rounded behind and narrowed in front, side margins distinct thickly
edged with whitish hairs; elytra very finely punctured, sometimes
with traces of strie and larger punctures ; antenne and legs reddish or
pitchy-red ; in some varieties the body is clothed with white pubescence,
in others the antenne and legs are testaceous ; occasionally the thorax
is bifoveolate. L. 45-5 mm.
At the sides of ponds, also in damp places under stones; generally distributed
and common throughout the kingdom.
P. auriculatus, Panz. Rather broader, shorter, and more oblong
than the preceding, and at once distinguished by its much darker
appearance, the upper surface being black and clothed with fuscous
pubescence and long black hairs; the elytra are rather strongly punc-
tured, especially towards base, where they also present distinct traces of
strize ; the antenne are less approximate, of a dark brown colour with
yellowish-brown club; the forehead is more even in front, and the
legs are much darker, being black or dark pitchy-brown with the tarsi
reddish-brown. L. 4-45 mm.
At the sides of ponds, under stones in damp places, &ec. ; uot quite so common
as the preceding, but apparently quite as widely distributed throughout the
kingdom.
P. algiricus, Lucas (sfriatellus, Fairm.). Much smaller on the
average than either of the preceding; elongate and subcylindrical,
fuscous black, clothed with greyish pubescence ; in form it resembles
P. prolifericornis, but may at once be known from all our other species
by the strong and distinctly punctured striz which are continued to
apex ; the legs are black or fuscous black with the tarsi sometimes
lighter. L. 83-3? mm.
Pond sides, in damp places, &c.; very local; taken by Mr. Champion at Chobham,
and by Dr. Power at Chobham, Woking, Wimbledon, Boundstone, Horning Fen,
and St. Faith’s, Norwich; in one or two of these localities it has occurred very
freely.
P. nitidulus, Heer. This species appears to resemble P. auriculatus
in form, but it is somewhat smaller and narrower, and may be dis-
tinguished by the character of its pubescence, which is golden yellow
with an intermixture of upright black hairs; the antennz, moreover,
are reddish-brown and the legs red; the species may also be known by
the lesser convexity of its thorax, and the want of any trace of strive on
the elytra. L. 33-4 mm.
Very rare; one specimen has been taken by Dr, Sharp at Aberlady, Forth district,
Scotland.
Parnus. | CLAVICORNIA. 383
(P. lutulentus, Er. This species has found its way into some of our
lists, but does not appear to rest on sufticient authority ; it is oblong
and somewhat depressed, black, eluthed with very thick yellowish
pubescence intermingled with short grey hairs, and may be recognized
by the rows of punctured striz on the elytra, which are feeble but
regular, and traceable to apex ; the species is much larger than P.
algiricus, the striation is weaker, and the pubescence is yellower. L.
4-45 mm.)
HETEROCERIDE.
This family consists of a single genus, Heterocerus ; its true position
is somewhat doubtful, as it does not appear to bear a very marked
afiinity to any particular family ; in their amphibious and suhaquatic
habits the species resemble the Parnidz, and in their densely pubescent
surface, very short antennz, and general shape are not unlike certain
species of Purnus. although they differ entirely from them on a closer
examination ; perhaps, however, taking ali things into consideration, it
is best to place them near the Parnide, and, as an aberrant family,
they may be with advantage placed at the end of the Clavicorn series ;
the following are the chief characteristics of the family: head large,
front prominent, antenne short, inserted above the base of the man-
dibles near the inner margin of the eyes, 11-jointed, with the two first
joints large, and the remainder forming an oblong serrate club; eyes
half hidden by the thorax ; thorax transverse, with the sides at most
margined only behind, free at base, and not fitting closely to elytra,
with all the angles rounded; anterior coxal cavities open behind ;
mesosternum very short, metasternum moderate; elytra covering abdo-
men ; abdomen composed of five segments, of which the last two are
free and the others connate; legs fossorial, tibia dilated and armed
with spines, tarsi short, 5-joimted, according to some authors 4-jointed,
the first joint being very minute (and so, often overlooked), capable of
being folded back upon the tibia when these are used for digging ;
anterior cox transverse with distinct trochantin, posterior coxe nearly
contiguous at base; on each side of the first segment of the abdomen
is an elevated curved line reaching the posterior margin ; this elevated
line is finely striate transversely, and according to Dr. Horn is a stridu-
lating organ, the hind legs by friction against it producing quite a
distinct sound.
The larva of Heterocerus is figured by Westwood (Classific. i. p. 113, fig. 7, 5) ;
it is quite as anomalous as the perfect insect, and most resembles an inverted
teetotum ; the head is large, with strong toothed mandibles, behind which the eyes,
which are small, are situated; the three thoracic segments are abnormally large,
nearly twice as broad as the head, and very transverse; the abduminal segments are
nine in number, and very much narrower than the thoracic segments, the last being
longer than the rest; they are slightly narrowed towards apex, and are subcylin-
drical; the body is strongly setose, and the legs are stout and strong, and armed
with a single claw; the larva occurs in the same situations as the perfect insect.
384 CLAVICORNIA. | Heterocerus.
HBETEROCERUS, Fabricius.
This genus contains about seventy or eighty species, which are
chiefly contined to the northern hemisphere and to temperate and cold
climates ; only two or three are known from South America, and a few
have been described from Cuba. India, and Ceylon; the majority, how-
ever, inhabit North America, Northern Asia, and Europe ; the number
of European species is no less than thirty-four, or upwards of half of the
whole number described ; of these eight have been discovered in Britain,
although it must be admitted that one or two have been considered as
somewhat doubtfully indigenous ; the Heteroceri as a whole are very
similar in form and colour, and require great care in their determination ;
they are oblong insects, of more or less ovate form, thickly clothed with
short silky pubescence, which is often mixed with long hairs, and with
the elytra usually variegated with yellowish or reddish bands or spots
which are more or less irresular; the punctuation is very fine; one of
the chief points of distinction is the presence or absence of a margin at
the posterior angles of thorax, which is not very easy in many cases to
determine with certainty; the species live in galleries which they
excavate in soft mud near pools or small lakes or on the margins of
muddy streams; the ramifications of these galleries are very con-
spicuous, and the insects may easily be detected by their means; not
more than one, or two (probably male and female) beetles are found in
one burrow ; when disturbed they run from their galleries and take
flight ; they walk slowly with the anterior parts of the body considerably
elevated ; some authorities, as Westwood observes, have supposed the
habits of the species to be carnivorous, but this does not appear to have
been proved.
I. Posterior angles of thorax not margined ; length 34-54
mm.
i. Elytra with transverse yellowish band behind middle
not interrupted.
1. Male with a transverse tubercle on middle of cly-
peus; antennze with first two joints yellow, club
sometimes darker; legs mostly yellow . . . . . (H. Fossor, Kies.)
(rectus, Wat.)
2. Male with clypeus simple ; antennz with first two
joints brownish-yellow, club brown; legs mostly
black, anterior femora yellow . . . H. FEMORAMLIS, Kies.
. Elytra with transverse yellowish band behind middle
Teas legs reddish-yellow. . . . . . (H. ARENARIUS, Kies.)
IJ. Posterior angles of thorax distinctly mar gined ; length
3-5 mm.
i. Upper surface clothed with upright, somewhat woolly,
blackish-brown pubescence, intermingled with short
greyish hairs, which are thicker on the head and sides
of thorax.
1. Form broader and more oval, somewhat depressed ;
general colourdarker . .. .. . . . . . H.-opsonerus, Curt.
fleterocerus. | CLAVICORNIA. 385
2. Form narrower and less oval, rather convex; general
colour lighter . . H. MARGINATUS, F.
ii. Upper surface clothed with fine and short pubescence,
not intermingled with hairs of another character.
1. Size larger, pubescence lighter . . . . « «= + H. LHVIGATUS, Panz.
2. Size smaller, pubescence darker . . . . . . + H. FuscuLus, Kies.
III. Posterior angles of thorax very finely bordered ; elytra
usually reddish with obsolete markings ; size very small,
length 2-2} mm. . . ..... + + + » «7+ H. sERicans, Kies.
(HZ. fossor, Kies. (rectus, Wat.). Oblong, rather convex, thickly
clothed with short pale pubescence, which is thicker and yellowish on
the head and front part of thorax; antenne yellow with club some-
times darker ; thorax as broad as elytra, thickly and finely punctured,
black, with the anterior angles and sometimes the whole sides yellow,
posterior angles not margined ; elytra closely and finely punctured with
the epipleure, a spot at base, two bands one before and one behind
middle, and spots at apex, yellow ; legs yellow with the base of the
tibia and in male also the base and apex of femora blackish, L. 43—-
53 mm.
Male with the clypeus furnished with a transverse raised tubercle,
and the mandibles elongate.
Very rare, and somewhat doubtfully indigenous; Mr. Waterhouse described his
H. rectus, which appears to be identical with H. fossor, on ten specimens from North
Wales, supposed to have been taken by the Rev. F. W. Hope, and it has been doubt-
fully recorded from Weymouth and Deal.)
Hi. femoralis, Kies. (flecuosus, Steph.). Oblong, black, clothed
with griseous pubescence, which is whiter and thicker on the head and
sides of thorax, and on the elytra is mixed with longer hairs ; thorax
very transverse, broader than elytra in male, as broad as elytra in
female, with the posterior angles not margined, and the anterior angles
and rarely the sides yellow ; elytra unevenly and finely punctured, with
markings much as in the preceding species ; legs black, anterior femora
yellowish-testaceous. L. 33-43 mm.
Male with the clypeus simple, and with the head and thorax larger
than in female.
Banks of ponds and ditches; not common; Sheerness ; Gravesend; Deal ;
Hastings; Brighton; Weymouth; Exmouth; Wales (Hamlet Clark) ; Hunstanton ;
Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire; Manchester; Preston Marsh, Lancashire; Lancaster ;
Scotland, local, Solway and Forth districts; Ireland, Baldoyle: the species appears
to be chiefly maritime.
Closely allied to the preceding, from which it differs in the character
of its punctuation and pubescence, its darker colour, and-the tubercle
on the clypeus of the male; the colour of the legs is a misleading
character, as in immature specimens they are quite light.
(H. arenarius, Kies. This species appears to be very closely allied
to the preceding, and to be chiefly distinguished by being of a browner
VOL, Il. cc
386 CLAVICORNIA. [ Heterocerus.
colour and by having the transverse yellowish waved band on the elytra
behind middle interrupted, its apical portion forming a rhombus-shaped
spot ; the antennse and legs are red-yellow ; the elytra are unevenly
punctured as in H. arenarius ; as above remarked, the colour distinctions
in this genus appear to be of little value ; immature specimens of H.
femoralis are brown, and have the legs entirely or almost entirely testa-
ceous. L, 4 mm.
Recorded by Haliday from Ireland, and introduced by Mr. Croteh in
his British catalogue ; the latter author, however, afterwards came to
the conclusion that the Irish specimens did not differ substantially
from H. femoralis ; Mr. W. G. Blatch records it from Weymouth, Chesil
Beach, otherwise I should have omitted it.*)
EZ. obsoletus; Curt. Rather broad and depressed, subovate, black,
clothed with upright, somewhat woolly, blackish-brown pubescence,
intermingled with short greyish hairs which are thicker on the head
and sides of thorax; antenne brown ; thorax as broad behind as elytra,
narrowed in front, thickly and finely punctured, with a reddish-brown
spot at anterior angles, posterior angles sharply margined ; elytra finely
but distinctly punctured, with irregular yellowish spots and patches ;
legs black (except in immature specimens), tarsi pitchy-red ; ridge on
first abdominal segment quite smooth in both sexes. L. 4-5 mm.
Male with the head larger and the mandibles elongate.
Banks of brackish ditches ; occasionally in tidal refuse and decaying sea-weed ;
local; London district, not uncommon, Gravesend, Sheerness, Chatham ; Pegwell
Bay ; Swansea ; Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire (Chappell).
The broad oblong form and usually dark colour will separate this
from all our other species.
H. marginatus, F. Oblong oval, somewhat convex, black, clothed
with fine erect fuscous pubescence, intermingled with short greyish
hairs which are thicker at sides of thorax ; antenne brown with the
first joint yellow ; thorax somewhat narrower than elytra, contracted
in front, very finely punctured, distinctly margined at posterior angles,
with the side margins and anterior angles often, but not always,
yellowish ; elytra finely punctured, rather more shining and less pubes-
cent than in H. levigatus, with irregular yellowish bands and spots ;
legs brown, femora before apex reddish, tarsi brown-red ; ridge on first
abdominal segment with a notch in front. L. 33-4 mm.
Sexual differences not apparent.
Banks of ponds and ditches; local, but not uncommon, especially near the coast,
in England and Wales; Lee, Mickleham, Forest Hill, Sydenham, Maidstone, Hanwell,
* Since I wrote the above, Mr. Blatch has informed me that after carefully re-
examining his specimens he has come to the conclusion that they are probably a
variety of H. femoralis ; it appears, therefore, dou btful whether the species (if it be
a true species) is found in Britain. :
Heterocerus. | CLAVICORNIA. 387
Cowley, Sheerness, Whitstable, Gravesend; Dover; Hastings; St. Leonards Forest ;
Glanvilles Wootton ; Swansea ; Aberystwith ; Salford Priors; Bewdley ; Tewkesbury;
banks of Bollin, Cheshire; Scarborough; Liverpool; Northumberland district ;
Scotland, rare, in salt marshes, Solway, Tweed, and Forth districts.
H. levigatus, Panz. (fenestratus, Thunb. ; H. marginatus, var. b.
Gyll.). Very like the preceding, but distinguished by the character
of its pubescence, which is thick, fine, short, and silky, and not inter-
mingled with hairs of another character; the posterior angles of the
thorax are not so distinctly margined, and the clypeus in the male is
armed with two short spines; this sex is also distinguished by its
longer form, larger head and elongate mandibles, and by having the
thorax as broad as the elytra; the ridge on the first abdominal segment
is finely notched in front in both sexes ; the elytra in this species have
a more powdery and lighter appearance than in H. marginatus, and the
yellow markings are not nearly as distinct in most specimens. L, 3-
4 mm.
Banks of ponds and ditches; local, and apparently not found further north than
the midland counties; London district, rather common, Lee, Penge, Wandsworth,
Darenth Wood, Dulwich, Cowley, Gravesend; Norfolk ; Suffolk ; Hastings; Glan-
villes Wootton; Southsea; Weymouth; Bewdley, Worcestershire (Blatch).
H. fusculus, Kies. Oblong, moderately convex, but with dise of
elytra depressed, black, clothed with fine, short, even, brownish or
brownish-grey pubescence, without any intermixture of longer hairs ;
antenne brown, first joint sometimes brownish-yellow ; thorax at base
about as broad as elytra, rather strongly narrowed in front, very finely
punctured, posterior angles sharply margined, anterior angles often
yellowish ; elytra finely, but rather distinctly sculptured, with distinct
and well-marked yellow spots and patches ; epipleure fuscous black ;
legs black or pitchy-blaek with tarsi and sometimes femora lighter ;
ridge on first abdominal segment quite smooth in female, finely notched
inmale. L. 3 mm.
On mud near ponds and ditches; extremely local; I know of no other locality
except Luccombe Chine, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, where it occurs in numbers on mud
at some little distance above the shore beneath the cliffs; all Dr. Power’s specimens
are labelled Isle of Wight, and probably come from this locality, where I have taken
it with Dr. Sharp and Mr. Gorham.
The species rather closely resembles H. levigatus, but may be known
by its small size and comparatively stronger punctuation.
H. sericans, Kies. Oblong, black, or more often reddish-black,
sometimes ferruginous, clothed with short whitish silky pubescence ;
smaller and narrower than any of our other species ; head rather large,
antenne yellow; thorax usually darker than elytra, sometimes reddish
with disk darker, about as broad as elytra, narrowed in front, very
finely and thickly punctured, posterior angles finely margined; the
central longitudinal line is usually red or reddish; elytra thickly and
ac 2
388 CLAVICORNIA. [ Heterocerus.
finely punctured, of a reddish-brown colour, with the suture and three
bands abbreviated externally, brownish or pitchy; very often, however,
the elytra are fuscous red with the markings obsolete ; legs reddish-
yellow, posterior femora brownish at base. L. 2-25 mm.
Male with the mandibles elongate.
Banks of brackish ditches ; very local and, as a rule, not common; Gravesend ;
Sheerness; Southend; Pegwell Bay; Hastings ; Cowes; Southampton ; Lymington ;
Weymouth ; Weston-super-Mare; Aberystwith; Morecambe Bay ; Heysham, near
Manchester ; Northumberland district, very rare, Camboise (John Scott) ; Scotland,
very local, in salt marshes, Solway district, abundant in one spot near the mouth of
the Nith, Dumfries.
The small size, narrow cylindrical shape, and reddish colour will at
once distinguish this from all our other species.
(Octhebius auriculatus, Rey. This species, which has been
comparatively recently described by M. Rey, has been taken in numbers
by Mr. Champion and Mr. Walker in the Isle of Sheppey; it is extremely
closely allied to O. bicolon and O. rujfimarginatus, especially the latter,
from which it chiefly differs in being duller and less coarsely sculptured,
and appears to form a connecting link between them : I feel some doubt
as to its being really a distinct species. Vide Vol. I. p. 246.)
Just as the last sheets of this Volume were returned for press, I
received from the Rev. A. Matthews a copy of a paper on ‘ New Genera
and Species of Trichopterygide ” just published by him in the Annals
and Magazine of Natural History for March, 1889 ;. as two new British
species are included in this paper, Iam very glad to have the opportunity
of appending their descriptions :—
Trichopteryx augusta, Matth. Elongate, very narrow, convex,
shining, black, sparingly clothed with fulvous hairs ; head large, eyes
moderate ; thorax small, broader than head, broadest at base, indistinctly
tuberculate, shining, with the basal margin almost straight, and the
posterior angles produced and very sharp ; elytra fuscescent, very short,
shorter and narrower than the head and thorax, broadest at shoulders,
rather strongly asperate ; apex obtuse ; abdomen elongate, with five seg-
ments uncovered, black, obtuse at apex, entire ; legs clear yellow, antenne
obscurely yellow. L. + mm.
Three specimens found by Mr. Matthews in Leicestershire.
This species may be distinguished from others by its intermediate size,
long and narrow form, very short elytra, and long abdomen.
Ptilium incognitum, Matth. Elongate-ovate, pitchy-black, very
convex, finely and closely tuberculate, sparingly clothed with short silvery
hairs, lines on thorax parallel ; head small, elongate in front, eyes not
prominent ; thorax moderate, very slightly broader than head, broadest
Heterocerus. | CLAVICORNIA. 389
behind middle, strongly constricted towards base, very distinetly im-
pressed with three parallel lines on disc, posterior angles prominent and
acute, anterior angles strongly deflexed ; elytra ovate, very convex, twice as
long as and much broader than head and thorax, broadest behind middle,
strongly attenuated at shoulders, finely and closely tuberculate, and fur-
nished besides here and there with larger tubercles, apex obtuse, lighter ;
pygidium very obtuse; legs rather long, clear yellow; antennz long,
pitchy, lighter at base. L. 1 mm.
Mr. Matthews says that the species appears to be very rare, that
he has found it in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, and that he has
met with it in two continental collections, in both of which it was
labelled “ Pt. affine ;’’ and he adds, “ This large and very distinct species
has, owing to the parallel lines on its thorax, been confounded with
Pt. affine, Er., but with the exception of the thoracie lines, differs
entirely from that species in size, form, colour, and sculpture.”’
(Mr. E. A. Waterhouse (Ent. Monthly Mag. xxv. 133) records the following species
from the neighbourhood of Sandwich :—Ocypus pedator, Grav.; Thalyera sericea,
Sturm; dgaricophayus cephalotes, Schmidt; Scydmenus (Neuraphes) angulatus,
Mill. ; elongatulus, Mill.; and preteritus, Rye (longicollis, Mots.); and also the
very rare Anisotoma picea, Ill.; Synchita juglandis has occurred in St. Leonard’s
Forest ; this record was omitted on p. 191; it is possible after all that we may have
more than one species of Synechita in Britain, but the question requires to be more
fully worked out.)
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Ablattaria, Reitt.
Abreeus, Leach .
globosus, Hoff.
granulum, Er.
Acanthogethes, Reitt.
Aclypea, Reitt.
Acritus, Lec..
minutus, Herbst.
nigricornis, Hof.
punctum, Aubé
Actidium, Matth.
coarctatum, Hal.
concolor, Sharp .«
Actinopteryx, Matth. .
dilaticollis, Mots.
fucicola, All. .
marinum, Mots. .
mollis, Hal.
Adalia, Muls.
bipunctata, D.
bothnica, Payk.
vy. crucifera, Weise .
v. fenestrata, Weise.
livida, Muls. .
M-nigrum, Gyll. .
obliterata, DL. .
Adelops, auct.
Adonia, Muls.
Agaricophagus,
Schmidt .
cephalotes, Schmidt
conformis, Er.
Agathidium, [I/.
atrum, Payk. .
clypeatum, Sharp
confusum, Bris.
convecum, Sharp.
globosum, Muls. .
levigatum, Er. .
Pantene Wie om
marginatum,
nigrinum, Sturm .
Sturm
INDEX.
nigripenne, Kug.
piceum, Er.
polonicum, Wank.
rhinoceros, Shurp
rotundatum, Gyll.
seminulum, lL. .
staphylewm, Gyll.
varians, Beck .
Aglenus, Er. .
brunneus, Gyil.
Alexia, Steph.
pilifera, Mill. .
Amauronyz, Reitt. .
Amphicyllis, Er.
yv. ferrugineum,
Sturm
globus, F’.
Amphotis, Hr.
marginata, Hr,
Anatis, Muls. .
ocellata, DL.
Anchicera, Thoms. .
Anisosticta, Dup.
ta, i F
Anisotoma, III.
badia, Sturm .
brunnea, Sturm .
calcarata, Er. .
ciliaris, Schmidt.
clavicornis, Rye.
curta, Fairm. .
Anisoscymnus, Crotch .
v. bicolor, Schmidt ‘
cinnamomea, Pang. .
curvipes, Schmidt
dubia, Kug.
furva, Er. .
grandis, Fairm. .
litura, Steph. . :
v. longipes, Schmidt
lunicollis, Rye
novemdecimpuncta-
PAGE
macropus, Rye . 382
nigrita, Schmidt. 33
obesa, Schmidt 29
oblonga, Hr. . . . 27
ornata, Kairm. S ol
ovalis, Schmidt . . 30
pallens, Sturm » 30
v.pallescens,Schmidt 29
parvula, Sahlb. . 36
pices; Ls.) s ee
punctulata, Gyll. 31
rubiginosa, Schmidt 32
rugosa, Steph. 36
scita, Hr. 30
silesiaca, Kr. . . 33
similata, Rye. . - 29
triepkei, Schmidt . 34
Anisotomina . . 13
Anommatus, Wesm. 278
12-striatus, Wesm. . 278
obsoletus, Steph.. . 278
terricola, Wesm.. . 278
Antherophagus, Latr. 311
nigricornis, F’. . 312
pallens, Gyll. . 312
silaceus, Herbst. . 313
silaceus, Gyll.. 312
Anthrenus, Geof. 361
claviger, Hr. . 364
fuscus, Latr. 364
muszeorum, LD. 363
pimpinelle, F. 363
scrophulariz, L., . 362
varius, Ff. . 363
verbasci, L. ; 363
Arcopagus, Denny . 90
Asbolus, Voet. 45
Aspidiphorus, Latr. , 373
orbiculatus, Gyll. 373
striatopunctatus, Lap. 373
Atomaria, Steph. 329
alpina, Heer . 334
392 INDEX.
PAGE PAGE PAGE
analis, Hr.. . . . 848] Beocrava, Thoms. . . 127 ochraceus, Scriba . 306
apicalis, Hr. . . . 342]! Bathyscia, Schiddte . 71| sambuci, Scop. . . 306
atra, Herbst. . . . 339] Wollastoni, Jans. . 71{| tomentosus, F, . . 306
atricapilla, ar . 340 | Batrisus, dubé . . . 92
badia, Hr... . 8384] piceus, Muls.. . . 92] Cacicula, Meg. . . . 177
Barani, Bris,. . . 332 venustus, Reich.. . 92} Czenoscelis, Thoms. . 329
basalis, Er. . . . 3841] Bibloporus, Thoms. . 100] ferruginea, Sahlb. . 329
basella, Steph. . . 340 bicolor, Denny . .100 pallida, Woll.. . . 329
berolinensis, Hr.. . 340 glabriculus, Gyll. . 100) Calvia, Muls.. . . . 166
castanea, Steph. . . 340} Blitophaga, Reitt. . . 50] Calyptobium, Villa. . 277
concolor, Maerk.. . 335 | Brachygluta, Thoms. . 95} Calyptomerus, Redt. . 11
diluta, Hr.. . . 331 | Brachypterina . . . 220} cephalotes, Dej. . . 11
dimidiata, Marsh. . 341 | Brachypterus, Kug. . 221 dubius, Marsh. . . Il
divisa,Rye. . . . 338 glaber, Newm. . , 221 enshamensis, Steph.. 11
elongatula, Er. . . 3834] gravidus, Ill.. . .221/Carcinops, Mars. . . 200
evanescens, Steph. . 340 linarie, Steph. . , 221 corpuscula, Mars. . 205
fimetarii, Herbst. . 331 pubescens, Hr. . . 221] minima, Aubé. . . 205
fulvicollis, Steph. . 340 pulicarius, Gyll.. . 221 pumilio, Hr. . . . 205
fumata, Er. . . . 332 urtice, Kug. . . . 221 14-striata, Steph. . 205
fuscata, Sch. . . . 339) Brontes, F. . . . 800|Carpophilina. . . . 2238
fuscicollis, Mannh. . 333 v. pallens, F. . . 801] Carpophilus, Leach . 223
fuscipes, Gyll. . . 33d planatus, DZ. . . . 300 abbreviatus, Panz. . 224
gibbula, Hr. . . . 342) Bryaxis, Leach . . . 94) jflerwosus, Payk. . . 224
gutta, Steph. . . . 342 cotus, Saulcy. . . 96 hemipterus, D. . . 224
Hislopi, Woll, . . 342 emarginata, Forst. . 96 hemipterus, F. . . 224
impressa, Hr.. . . 338 fossulata, Reich... . 95 mutilatus, Hr. . . 224
linearis, Steph. . . 333 hematica, Reich. . 96) Cartodere, Thoms. . . 285
longicornis, Thoms.. 334 Helferi, Schmidt. . 95 collaris, Mannh. . . 285
mesomelas, Herbst. . 341 impressa, Thoms, .° 97 elongata, Curt. . . 286
munda, Hr. . . . 338 juncorum, Leach. 96 evilis, Mannh. . . 286
mana, Hr. . . . . dad Lefebvriei, Brit. Cat. 96 filiformis, Gyll. . . 286
nigriceps, Hr.. . . 3840] v.rufescens, Reitt.. 95| filum, Aubé. . . . 286
nigripennis, Payk. . 337| sanguinea, L.. . . 938] nanula, Mannh.. . 285
nigriventris, Steph.. 333 simplex, Wat.. . , 94 ruficollis, Marsh.. . 285
nitidula, Heer . . 841] Waterhousei, Rye . 94] Cateretes,Gyll.. . . 221
ornata, Heer . . , 843|Byrrhide. . . . 7,365|Cathartus, Reiche . . 305
peltata, hr. . . 335 | Byrrhus,L. . . . . 367} advena, Waltl. . . 305
Seca. Steph. , 340 v. Dennyi, Steph. . 369|Catops, Payk. . . . 65
plicicollis, Makl.. , 333 dorsalis, 7 3; 2 3/70 sericeus, Ff. . . 65
pusilla, Payk.. . . 340] fasciatus, FP. . . . 369 truncatus, Gyll. wa)
rhenana, Kr... . . 341 murinus, /. . . . 870 varicornis, Rosenh. -. 65
ruficornis, Marsh. . 3843} pilula, Ll. . . . . 868|Cephenniina. . = (eye
terminata, Com. . . 343| pustulatus, F.. , . 870) Cephennium, Mill. . 84
testacea, Steph. . . 843| Bythinus, Leach . . 88 intermedium, Awbé. 85
thoracica, Steph. . 340] bulbifer, Reich. . . 91) thoracicum, Mill. . 84
umbrina, Hr.. . . 333 Burrellii, Denny . . 92)|Cercus, Latr. . . 222
umbrina, Gyll. . . 332 Curtisii, Denny . . 91 bipustulatus, Payk. . 222
versicolor, Hr. . . 343 glabratus, Rye . .. 89 pedicnlarius, Z. . . 222
Wollastoni, Sharp . 333 hungaricus, Reitt. . 91 rufilabris, Latr. . . 223
Atomariina . . . o29|- lumiger, Aubé. . . 92)|Cerylonina . . . . 1938
Attagenus, Latr. . . 359] puncticollis, Denny. 90)|Cerylon, Latr. . . . 194
megatoma, /.. . . 359 securiger, Reich. . 91 angustatum, Hr. . . 195
pellioy Us is yop eooe unicornis, Aubé . . 91 deplanatum, Gyll. . 196
piceus, Ol.. . , . 859| validus, dubé. . . 90] v.excavatum, Fowler 195
trifasciatus, F. . . 360|Byturide. . . .6, 305| fagi, Bris.. . 195
verbasci, auct. . . 860} Byturus, Latr. . . . 306 ferrugineum, Steph. 195
estivus, Thoms. . . 806| forticorne, Muls. . . 195
histeroides, F’.
v. longicolle, Reitt. .
. 175
. 176
Chilocorus, Leach .
bipustulatus, L.
PAGE |
. 194
195
renipustulatus,Scriba 175
similis, Rosst .
Cholerus, Thoms.
Choleva, Latv. . .
affinis, Steph. .
agilis, IU/.
GgulusyHe a al) ve
angustata, F. .
anisotomoides,. Spence
caliginosus, Steph. .
chrysomeloides,
IPanze ns
cisteloides, Fron.
colonoides, Kr. .
coracina, Kell.
flavicornis, Thoms. (?)
fumata, Spence -
fumatus, Er.
fusca, Panz.
grandicollis, Hr. .
intermedia, Kr. .
Kirbyi, Spence
longipennis, Chaud..
longula, Kell,
morio, F.
nigricans, Spence
nigrita, Hr.
pilicornis, Thoms.
precor, Hr.. .
rotundicollis, Kell.
sericeus, F.
soror, Newm.
spadicea, Sturm .
Sturmi, Bris.
tristis, Panz.
varicornis, Rosenh. .
velox, Spence .
Watsoni, slew ;
Cholevina . -
Cicones, Curt.
carpini, Curt.
variegatus, Hellw. .
Clambina . . .
Clambus, Fisch. . .
armadillo, De G..
miuutus, Sturm .
pubescens, Redt. .
Clavicornia
Clavigeridee
Claviger, Preyss.
foveolatus, Miill. .
testaceus, Preyss.
Clypeaster, Latr.
58
60
60
56
65
61
. 146
INDEX.
PAGE
Coccidula, Kug. nae rir
pectoralis, F. alia
rufa, Herbst. See Ys
scutellata, Herbst. . 178
Coccinella, DL. . 163
10-punctata, DL. . . 163
distincta, Fald. . 165
hieroglyphica, Z. . 164
labilis, Muls. . . 165
magnifica, Redt.. . 165
5-punctata, L. . 164
7-punctata, DL. . 164
11-punctata, LD. 164
wariabilis, Il.. . . 163
Coccinellide . : 4, 155
Coccinellidz Aphidi-
phage . So oo diy
Coccinellidaa Phyto-
phagze ate eee LOG
Oman, Je 5 & og of bee
aciculata, F. 6 a Bis
dentipes, Gyll. . . 37
immunda, Sturm. . 37
Colon, Herbst. 66
angulare, Er. . 68
appendiculatum,
Sahlb. 70
v. Barnevillei, Kr. 09
brunneum, Latr.. . 69
calcaratuni, Er. 0
denticulatum, Kr. . 70
dentipes, Sahib. . . 69
dentipes, Er. 5 ley
fusculum, Er. . 5 az
latum, Kr. . Pe Th
microps, Czwal.. . 68
puncticolle, Kr.. . 67
pygmeum, Er. p40.
rufescens, Kv. 26S
serripes, Sahlb. . . 67
simplex, Thoms. . . 67
spinipes, Hal.. . . 69
viennense, Herbst. 66
vy. Zebei, Kv. = 69
Colydiide . 4, 185
Colydium, F. eS 7
elongatum, F’.. 187
Comazus, Fairm. Svea it
Coninomus, Thoms. . 281
carinatus, Gyll. . . 282
constrictus, Humm. 281
nodifer, Westw. . . 281
Conipora, Thoms. . . 373
Conithassa, Thoms. . 283
Corticaria, Marsh. . . 287
borealis, Woll. . . 290
crenulata, Gyli. . . 289
393
PAGE
cylindrica, Mannh.. 290
denticulata, Gyll. . 289
depressa, Thoms.. . 291
elongata, Humm. . 291
fenestralis, ZL. . . 292
ferruyineus, Marsh.. 292
jlavescens, Thoms. 290
fulva, Com. . 290
hirtella, Thoms. . 290
laticollis, Mannh.. . 2&9
linearis, Payk. 291, 292
longicollis, Zett. . 292
obseura, Bris. . 291
pubescens, Gyll. . . 288
punctulata, Marsh. . 288
yufula, Lett. 292
serrata, Payk . 289
umbilicata, Beck . 290
Corticarina 287
Corticarina, Reitt. . 294
Corylophidz . 3, 141
Corylophus, Steph.. . 145
cassidioides, Marsh. 145
sublevipennis, Duy. 145
Cryptarcha, Shuck.. . 260
imperialis, F. . . 260
lateralis, Sahlb. . 260
strigata, F’.. 5 5 AGO)
Cryptophagide . . 6, 307
Cry ptophagina . dll
Cryptophagus, Herbst. 313
acutangulus, Gyl/. . 322
affinis, Sturm . . 324
badius, Sturm. . 320
bicolor, Sturm . 825
cellaris, Scop. . . 323
crenatus, Gyll. . 820
crenatus, Herbst.. . 323
cylindrus, Kies. . . 322
dentatus, Herbst. . 321
distinguendus,
Sturm . » - 322
fumatus, Gyll. . . 323
fuscicorms, Sturm . 326
lapponicus, Gyll.. . 325
lycoperdi, Herbst. . 315
pallidus, Sturm . . 321
parallelus, Bris. . . 322.
v. patruelis, Sturm. 319
pilosus, Gyll.. . . 316
populi, Payk. . Aci
pubescens, Sturm . 325
punctipennis, Bris. . 316
ruficornis, Steph. . 316
saginatus, Sturm . 318
scanicus, [. .-. . 319
Schmidtii, Sturm . 315
394
scutellatus, Newm.
setulosus, Sturm
subfumatus, Kr. .
umbratus, Hr. . 318
validus, Kr. 321
Waterhouse, Rye 322
Otesias, Steph. . 361
Cucujide . 6, 295 |
Cucujina . 295
Cucujus, F. 5 ZB)
Curimus, Er. . . 370
Cychramina . 258
Cychramus, Kug. 258
fungicola, Heer . . 259
luteus, F. . . 208
Cyrtotriplax, Crotch . 184
bipustulata, F. . 185
Cyrtusa, Hr. 22
minuta, Ahr. ; 23
pauxilla, Schmidt . 28
Cytilus, Er. a) 24. =p. o00
pulchellus, Heer . . 371
sericeus, Korst. 5 el
varius, fF’. 5 CAl
Dacne, Latr. . . 183
humeralis, F. . . 183
rufifrons, F’. . 183
Dapsina . . 180
Dendrophagus,Schénh. 299
crenatus, Payk. . 300
Dendrophilus, Leach
. 207
formicetorum, Aubé.
. 207
. 207
punctatus, F. .
pygmeeus, L. .
Dendroxena, Mots. .
Deretaphrina .
Dermestes, L.
Frischii, Kwg..
lardarius, lhe
murinus, L.
207
49
. 186
. 356
. 857
358
357
tessellatus, W. Ow. . 358
undulatus, Brahm. . 308
vulpinus, F’. * 1s OO
Dermestide . . 7, 354
Dierobia, Thoms. 96
Diphyllina . 307
Diphyllus, Steph. . 308
lunatus, F.. . 308
Diplocelus, Guer. . 808
fagi, Guér. . . 305
Ditoma, Ill. - 190
crenata, Ff... . 190
Ditoma, H. R. W. » LOL
Dryops, Leach.. . . 380
Dumerilii, Latr. . . 381
y. dimidiatus, Sturm
INDEX.
PAGE
Elachys, Matth. . . 128
Elmina. . . . 375
Elmis, Latr. . 375
zneus, Miill. . _ Be
cupreus, Miill. 5 OHH
nitens, Mill. . - 378
orichalceus, Gyll. . 378
parallelopipedus,
Mill. 5 Ot
subviolageus, M i, 377
Volkmari, Panz. . 876
Endomychide . . 4, 178
Endomychina a ike
Endomychus, Panz. - 181
coccineus, DL. . - 181
Endophleus, F. - 189
spinulosus, Latr. 190
Engis, Payk. . . 183
Eniemus, Thoms. - 282
anthracinus, Mannh. 283
assimilis, Mannh. . 283
brevicornis, Mannh. 285
carbonarius, Mannh. 285
consimilis, Mannh. . 283
cordaticollis, Aubé . 284
minutissimus, Mots. 283
minutus, L. 5 6 74ep)
rugosus, Herbst. . . 284
testaceus, Steph. . 284
transversus, Ol. . . 284
Ephistemus, Westw. . 344
confiivis, Steph. . 345
345
v. dubia, Fowler . . 345
globosus, Waltl.. . 344
v. globulus, Payk. . 345
gyrinoides, Marsh, . 344
mgriclavis, Steph. . 344
ovulum, Er. f . d44
palustris, Woll. . 344
Epierus, Steph. . . . 205
Epureea, Hr. a 6 6 ED
estiva, DL. . 228
angustula, Hr. . 232
decemguttata, F. . 227
deleta, Hr. . . 230
diffusa, Bris. . 227
florea, Er. ; ee-10)
fuscicollis, Steph. . 227
immunda, Hr. , 230
limbata, F. . , 233
longula, Er. , 229
melanocephala,
Marsh. . 233
melina, Hr. . . 228
neglecta, Sturm . . 232
oblonga, Herbst. . . 229
PAGE
obsoleta, F’. 5 PBI
parvula, Sturm . 231
pusilla, Hr.. . 232
rufomarginata, Steph. 231
silacea, Hv. . 229
terminalis, Mannh. . 230
variegata, Herbst. . 232
Erotylide . . 4, 182
Esolus, Muls. . 377
Euconnus, Thoms. . 79
denticornis, Miill. 80
fimetarius, Chaud. 80
gibbulus, Mots. 81
hirticollis, IU. 80
minimus, Chaud. . 81
nanus, Schaum . 81
ruficornis, pi 80
Eumicrina. 81
Eumicrus, Cast. _ teil
agilis, Mots. . . , 82
rofus, Mull. . . , 82
tarsatus, Mill. . 81
Euplectina c 97
Euplectus, Leach . . 100
Abeillei, Sauley (?). 102
ambiguus, Reich. 106
Dennii, Wat. 105
Duponti, Aubé 102
Garneyst, Fowler 106
Karsteni, Reich. 103
Kirbyi, Denny . 104
Kunzei, Aubé . 102
minutissimus, Auwbé- 106
nanus, Reich. . 104
nigricans, Chaud. 105
nubigena, Revtt. 106
piceus, Mots. 105
punctatus, Muis. 103
Reichenbachi, Denny 104
sanguineus, Denny . 105
signatus, Reich. 104
sulcatulus, Sauley . 105
Euryptilinm, Matth. . 135
saxonicum, Gill. . 136
Euthia, Steph. 83
abbreviatella, Hr. 83
abbreviatella, Thoms. 84
clavata, Reitt. 83
linearis, Muls. 83
plicata, Gyll. . 84
Schaumi, Kies. 84
scydmzenoides, Steph. 83
Exochomus, Redt. .
auritus, Seriba
F.
4-verrucatus,
176
= 6
nigromaculatus,Goeze 176
quadripustulatus, L. 176
7 276
Florilinus, Muls.
Georyssidex
Georyssus, Latr.
crenulatus, Rossi
pygmeeus, Ff’.
Gnathoneus, Duv. .
58)
PAGE |
. 863
373
. 373
. 374
. 374
. 208
nannetensis, Mars. . 209
punctulatus, Thoms, 209
rotundatus, Brit.Cat. 209
Gyrocecis, Thoms. . . 271
Halyzia, Muls. . 165
conglobata, LD. . 167
conglomerata, Steph. 167
12-guttata, Poda. . 166
18-guttata, D. 5 Loy
14-guttata, DL. . . 166
14-punctata, L. 2167
16-guttata, L.. . 166
22-punctata, LL. . . 167
Helocerus, Muls. , 364
Henoticus, Thoms.. . 327
serratus, Gy/l. . 827
Heterius, Hr. . . 206
ferrugineus, Ol. . . 207
Marseuli, Schauf. . 207
quadratus, Kug. . 207
sesquicornis, Preys. . 207
Heteroceridz . 8, 383
Heterocerus, F.. . 384
arenarius, Kies. . 385
femoralis, Kies. . . 385
fenestratus, Thunb. . 387
flecuosus, Steph.. . 385
fossor, Kies. . 385
fusculus, Kies. ; 387
levigatus, Panz. . 387
marginatus, F’, . 386
obsoletus, Curt. . . 386
rectus, Wat. . 385
sericans, Kies. . . 387
Heterognathus, Klug. . 82
Heterostomus, Duy... . 221
Hippodamia, Muls. . 159
mutabilis, Scriba . 159
tibialis, Say. a l59
13-punctata, ZL. . . 159
variegata, Goeze. . 159
Histeridez . a hy, yi
Hister, LD. . . 198
bimaculatus, Ti: . 204
bissextriatus, F.. . 204
cadaverinus, "Hoff. . 201
caliginosus, Steph. . 204
carbonarius, Gyll. . 203
castanipes, Steph. . 202
INDEX.
12-striatus, Sch.
marginatus, Hr. .
merdarius, Hoff. .
neglectus, Germ.
nigellatus, Germ.
PAGE
. 204
. 202
. 201
. 203
. 203
purpurascens,Herbst. 202
quadrimaculatus,
Gyll. 200
quan obec gente 203
v. l4-striatus, Gyll. 204
testaceus, Payk. .
sinuatus, I/l. . . 203
stercorarius, Hoff. . 202
striola, Sahib. . 201
succicola, Thoms. . 202
uncinatus, Ill. . . 203
unicolor, Li . 201
Holoparamecus, Owrt. 276
caularum, 4dubé. . aa
depressus, Curt.. . 277
longipennis, Mots. O77
obtusicornis, Mots. . 277
populi, Mots. . 277
singularis, Beck . . 277
Ville, Aubé . . . 277
Hyduobius, Schmidt . 39
Perrisi, Fairm. 39
punctatissimus,
Steph. ° 40
punctatus, Sturm 40
strigosus, Schmidt . 41
Hydrophilideze es
Hyliota, Latr. . 300
Hylhotina . . 299
Hyperaspis, Redt. . 168
reppensis, Herbst. . 168
Hypocoprina . - 802
Hypocoprus, Mots. . 302
latridioides, Mots. . 302
Ipina . 209
Ips, F. , . . 260
quadriguttata, 10k paul
quadvipunctata,
Hernosta ¥. 08 2) 261
quadripustulata, L. 261
Serruginea, F.. . 262
Lzemophlceus, Er. . 297
ater, Ol. . 299
bimaculatus, Payk. 5 CAT
clematidis, Er. . » 299
duplicatus, Waltl. . 298
ferrugineus, Steph. . 298
longicornis, Mannh. 298
pusillus, Schinh. . 298
Spartii, Curt. . — KE)
395
PAGE
unifasciatus, Latr. . 297
Langelandia, Aube . 193
anophthalma, Aube. 193
Langelandiina 192
Lasia, Muls. . 156
Latelmis, Muls.. . . 376
Lathridiide . » 65.275
Lathridiina : 278
Lathridius, Herbst. 279
angulatus, Humm. . 280
angusticollis, umm. 280
angusticollis,Thoms. 280
dilaticollis, Mots. 280
lardarius, De G. . 280
pini, Mots. 280
Leptinidze 259
Leptinus, Mill. 9
testaceus, Miill. . 9
Limnichus, Latr. 372
pygmeeus, Sturm 372
sericeus, Steph. . 372
Limnius, Mill. . 378
Dargelasi, Latr. . . 378
rivularis, Rosenh. 379
troglodytes, Gyll. . 379
tuberculatus, MWiill., 378
Liodes, Latr. ' 20
castanea, Herbst. 21
glabra, Kug. . 21
humeralis, Kug. . 21
orbicularis, Herbst. 22
Litargus, Er.. 350
bifasciatus, F’. 350
lunatus, F.. 350
signatus, Panz. 350
Lycoperdina, Latr. 180
boviste, F. 181
immaculata, Latr. . 181
Macherites, Miill. 89
Macronychus, Miill. . 379
Ce ee
Mill. ; 380
Megatoma, Herbst. 360
undata, Hr. . . 360
Melanophthalma, Mots. 292
curta, Woll. . 294
fulvipes, Com. 294.
fuscipennis, Mots. . 294
fuscula, Humm. . 294
gibbosa, Herbst. . 293
impressa, Marsh. 293
v.meridionalis, Reitt. 295
similata, Gyll. 294
transversalis, Gyll. , 294
v. Wollastoni, Wat. 294
. 298 | Meligethes, Kirby . 240
396
PAGE
soneus, I’. che eR eA,
bidens, Bris. . . . 250
bidentatus, Bris. . 256
brassice, Scop. . . 247
brevis, Stwrm 257
brunnicornis, Sturm 249
carinulatus, Forst.. 256
v. coruleus, Steph. 247
coracinus, Sturm. . 246
corvinus, Hr. . . 247
difficilis, Heer . 247
distinctus, W.C.. . 255
erythropus, Gyll. . 256
exilis, Sturm . . 257
flavicornis, Mill.. . 252
flavipes, Sturm . . 252
fuliginosus, Hr. . 252
fulvipes, Bris. . . 245
v. gagathinus, Hr. . 255
incanus, Sturm , . 252
Kunzei, Er. . 248
lugubris, Sturm "| 255
lumbaris, Sturm , 245
marrubit, Bris. . 2538
maurus, Sturm 5 Paal
melanarius, Forst, . 250
memnonius, Hr... , 249
morosus, Hr. . , 248
murinus, Hr. . . , 254
vy. mutabilis, Rosenh, 257
nanus, Hr. . . 253
nigrita, Luc. , 257
obscurus, Hr. . , 255
ochropus, Sturm. , 249
ovatus, Sturm , 202
palmatus, Er. . , 255
pedicularius, Gy]. _ 250
picipes, Sturm , 252
pictus, Rye _ 257
v. planiusculus, Hr, 255
quadridens, Forst. , 254
rotundicollis, Bris, 253
yvubripes, Muls. , 245
rufipes, Gyll. . , 245
seniculus, Er. . , 254
serripes, Gyll. , 204
solidus, Sturm , 258
subrugosus, Gyll. , 246
symphyti, Heer _ 2538
tenebrosus, Forst. , 200
umbrosus, Sturm , 251
viduatus, Sturm _ 250
virescens, Thoms. , 247
viridescens, F’. ea
Merophysina , 276
Micrambe, Thoms.. , 326
abietis, Payk.. , . 327
INDEX,
PAGE
vini, Panz.. . 827
Micraspis, Redt. . 168
v. 12-punctata, L. . 168
sedecimpunctata, L. 168
Micropeplida . . 5,217
Micropeplus, Latr.. . 217
fulvws, wire ese eg 9
margarite, Duv.. . 219
obtusus, Newm. . 218
porcatus, Payk. . 218
staphylinoides,
Marsh. bh ond willis}
tesserula, Curt. . . 219
Microptilium, Matth. . 128
pulchellum, Ad/,. . 128
Microsporus, Kol. . 147
Micrurula, Revtt. . 233
melanocephala,
Marsh. . 233
Micrus, Matth. 7
Millidium, Mots. . 134
minutissimum, Gill.. 134
trisulcatum, Aubé . 134
Monotoma, Herbst... . 270
angusticollis,auct.271,272
brevicollis, Awbé. . 278
conicicollis, Aubé . 271
flavipes, Kunze . 274
formicetorum, Thoms.272
longicollis, Gyll.. . 274
picipes, Herbst. . . 273
quadricollis, Aubé . 273
quadrifoveola, Aubé. 274
quadriimpressa, Mots. 274
rufa, Redt. . 274
spinicollis, Aubé. . 272
spimgera,Chaud. . 272
sub-4-foveolata, Wat.274
Monotomide. 5, 270
Morychus, Hr. . . 371
eeneus, Ff’. A . 871
Murmidiina easel 96
Murmidius, Leach . 196
ferrugineus, Leach . 196
ovalis, Beck . 196
Mycetzea, Steph. 4 ee
hirta, Marsh. . a9
subterranean, F. 5 Ue
villosa, Beck . 5 Ue)
Mycetzina ao og dy
Mycetophagide . . 7, 348
Mycetophagus, Hellw, 351
atomarius, F.. . . 352
fulvicollis, F. . . 804
multipunctatus,
Hellw. . 853
piceus, F’. . 3d2
PAGE
populi, F. . . 393
quadriguttatus, Mill. 353
quadripustulatus, D. 351
Mylechus, Latr. . 67
Myrmecoxenus, Chevr. 192
vaporariorum, Guér. 192
Myrmetes, Mars. . 208
piceus, Payk. . . 208
Myrrha, Muls. . 167
Mysia, Muls.. . . . 162
oblongoguttata, L. . 162
Nargus, Thoms. . 57
Nausibius, Redt. 303
dentatus, Marsh.. 303
Necrodes, Wilkin 45
littoralis, D. 45
Necrophorus, F.. . . 42
fossor, Er. 44
v. gallicus, Duv. . 45
germanicus, L. 43
humator, F. . 43
interruptus, Steph. . 44
investigator, Zett. . 44
v. microcephalus,
Thoms. . 44
mortuorum, Ff’, 43
ruspator, Hr. 44,
vespillo, L. . » . 45
vestigator, Hersch. . 44
Nemadus, Thoms. 64
Nemosoma, Latr. 268
elongatum, L.. 268
Nephanes, Thoms. 128
abbreviatellus, Heer 128
Titan, Newm. 128
Nephus, Muls. 170
Neuraphes, Thoms. . 73
angulatus, Miill. 74
carinatus, Muls.. . 75
elongatulus, Miill.
glyptocephalus, Sauley
helvolus, Schaum . 75
impressus, Sahlb. 74
longicollis, Mots. 76
v. minutus, Chaud. . 76
preteritus, Rye 76
pumilio, Schaum . 76
rubicundus, Muls. 75
Sharpi, Sauley 75
Sparshalli, Denny 75
Wighami, Denny . 74
Nitidula, F. 234
bipustulata, L. 234
carnaria, Schall... . 235
flavomaculata, Rossi 235
flexuosa, F’.. . 230
obscura, Re,
quadr ipustulata, J P.
rufipes, L
Nitidulids .
Nitidulina .
Nosodendron, Latr. .
fasciculare, Ol.
Nossidium, Fr.
v. brunnewm, Marsh.
Ferrarii, Redt.
nitidulum, Marsh.
pilosellum, Marsh. .
Octhebius, Leach
auriculatus, Rey .
Olibrus, Fr.
zeneus, F’.
affinis, Brit. Cat. .
bicolor, F. :
corticalis, Pane.
helveticus, Towrn.
liquidus, Er. 5
millefolii, Payk. .
multistriatus, Zett. .
particeps, Muls. .
pygmeus, Sturm .
ulicis, Gyll. . .
Omosiphora, Reitt. .
limbata, F’. .
Omosita, Er. .
colon, L.
depressa, L.
discoidea, FP. . .
Onthophilus, Leach
globulosus, Ol.
striatus, F’..
sulcatus, F.
Orthocerus, Latr,
clavicornis, L. .
hirticornis, De G.
muticus, L.. .
Orthoperus, Steph. .
atomarius, Heer .
atomus, Gyll. . .
brannipes, Gyll. .
coriaceus, Rey .
corticalis, Redt.
Kluki, Wank. .
mundus, Matth.
punctatulus, Matth..
. 188
. 188
. 188
. 188
Oxylemus, Er. .
cesus, Er.
cylindricus, Panz.
variolosus, Duft. .
Paramecosoma, Curt. .
"189
"189
e410
» 4ae
. 144
ae:
. 143
. 144
144
328
INDEX,
PAGE
melanocephalum,
Herbst. ‘ . 828
pilosula, Hr. . 327
serrata, auct. . . 827
Parasilpha, Reitt. . 48
Parnidee 8, 374
Parnina . 380
Parnus, F.. = Bis!
algiricus, Lue. . 382
auriculatus, Panz. . 382
lutulentus, Er. . 383
nitidulus, Heer . 382
prolifericornis, Ff. . 381
striatellus, Fairm. . 382
Paromalus, Hr. . . 206
flavicornis, Herbst. . 206
De we
Herbst. F . 206
Pediacus, Shuck. . 296
depressus, Herbst. . 296
dermestoides, F’ . 296
Pedilophorus, Steph. . 371
Peltina. me eeZOO
Peltis, Reitt. . a 538
Pernvidius, Mots. . 283
Phalacridee . 8, 147
Phalacrus, Payk. . 148
Brisouti, Rye . . 149
brunnipes, Bris. . . 149
caricis, Sturm . 149
corruscus, Payk.. . 148
v. Humberti, Tourn. 148
substriatus, Gyll. . 149
Phosphuga, Leach . 53
Pityophagus, Shuck. . 262
ferrugineus, F. . 262
Platynaspis, Redt.. . 174
luteorubra, Goeze . 175
villosa, Foure. 5 bys
Plegaderus, Er... . 214
dissectus, Er.. . 214
Pocadius, Er. . 239
ferrugineus, F’. . 239
Porcinolus, Muls. . 370
Potaminus, Sturm . . 380
substriatus, Mill. . 381
Pria, Kirby Sue 6 EAD
breviuscula, Kol. . 240
dulcamareze, Scop. 240
Psammeechina . . 301
Psammecechus, Latr. 301
bipunctatus, F. 301
Pselaphidee 2, 86
Pselaphina fe 86
_| Pselaphus, Herbst. . 87
dresdensis, Herbst. . 88
Heisei, Herbst. 87
Herbsti, Reich.
Pseudopelta, Reitt. .
Ptenidium, Hr.
alutacea, Gyll.
apicale, Hr.
atomaroides, Mots.
evanescens, Marsh.
formicetorum, Kr.
fuscicorne, Hr.
Gressneri, Hr.
intermedium, Wank.
Kraatzii, Matth. .
levigatum, Gyll.
littoralis, Mots. .
nitidum, Heer
picipes, Matth.
punctatum, Gyll.
pusillum, Er. .
terminale, Hal.
turgidum, Thoms.
Wankowiezii, Matth.
Pteryx, Matth.
bicolor, Mots. .
mutabilis, Matth.
suturalis, Heer
Ptiliina ;
Ptilium, Er.
affine, Hr. .
angustatum, Er. .
brevicolle, Matth.
cesum, Hr.
caledonicum, Sharp.
canaliculatum, Er.
clandestinum, Hal.
v. discoideum, Vill.
exaratum, All.
excavatum, Hr.
foveolatum, All.
fuscum, Wir. . .
Halidaii, Matth. .
incognitum, Matth.
inquilinum, Er.
insigne, Matth.
Kunzei, Heer .
latum, Gyll.
marginatum, Awbé
397
PAGE
87
50
. 1386
. 137
. 139
. 189
. 139
. 140
. 138
. 141
139
. 140
. 138
5 3lby/
. 138
. 138
. 137
. 138
. 139
. 140
139
. LO9
7 109
. 109
. 109
5 UPS)
5 UPA)
. 132
. 181
. 130
. 132
131
. 1382
. 133
. 132
. 132
. 133
. 133
. 131
. 133
..388
. 132
. 133
. 130
. 132
. 131
minimum (?), Herbst. 133
myrmecophilum, Al/. 132
oblongum, Gyll. .
rugulosum, All.
Spencei, All. .
Ptinella, Mots.
angustula, Gill.
aptera, Guer. .
britannica, Matth.
denticollis, Fairm.
gracilis, Gyll.
. 131
. 131
. 131
» 110
ee,
5 irs
5 tlt
5 iu
. 112
398
PAGE
limbata, Heer . . 110
Maria, Matth. . . 111
microscopica, Waltl.. 113
v. P pallida, Er. La,
Proteus, Matth. =) LO
punctipennis, Fairm. 111
Ratisbonensis, Gyll. . 112
tenella, Hr. 5 aks}
testacea, Heer to
Ptomaphagus, Hellw. 58
Pullus, Muls. . eli2:
Rhizobius, ape 177
litura, F. W7fe/
Rhizophagina . . 262
Rhizophagus, Herbst. . 263
ceneus, Richt. 267
bipustulatus, F. . . 266
ceruleipennis, Sahlb. 267
ceruleus, Waltl. . . 267
cribratus, Gyl/. 264
depressus, F.. . . 264
dispar, Gyll. 266
ferrugineus, Payk. . 265
longicollis, Gyll. . 266
nitidulus, F. 265
parallelocollis, Er. 2
perforatus, Hr. 264
politus, Hellw. 267
Riolus, Muls:.. 5 9.74. 377
Rybaxis, Saulcy . 93
longicornis, Denny 93
sanguinea, L. . 93
Sacium, Lec. . . 146
pusillum, Gyll. seis 146
Saprinus, Hr . . 209
zeneus, Ff. . sae lil!
immundus, Gyll. 211
maritimus, Steph. . 212
metallicus, Herbst. . 212
metallieus, Steph. 212
nitidulus, Payk. . 210
quadristriatus, Hof. 212
rugifrons, Payk.. . 212
sabulosus, Fairm. 212
virescens, Payk. . 211
Sarrotrium, Ill. . . . 189
Scaphidiide . . . 7, 345
Scaphidium, OJ. 346
quadrimaculatum, Ol. 346
Scaphisoma, Leach . 347
agaricinum, L. 347
assimile, Hr. . 348
boleti, Panz. . . . 847
Scydmewnide . . 2,72
Scydmeenina . Be te
INDEX.
PAGE
Scydmeenus, Latr. . 76
bicolor, Denny 79
collaris, Miill. 78
exilis, Hr. 79
flavicornis, Mots. . 78
Godarti, Latr. ddl
Poweri, Fowler 78
pusillus, Miill. 78
scutellaris, Mild. ‘el
thoracicus, Denny 84
vicinus, Chaud. 79
Scymnuus, Kug. 169
analis, Rossi 173
arcuatus, Rosst 172
ater, Kug. 174
capitatus, F’. 174
discoideus, Il. 172
femoralis, Gyll. 171
frontalis, F. 171
heemorrhoidalis,
Herbst . liZ3
v. limbatus, Steph. . 172
lividus, Bold . . 172
minimus, Rossi 174
morio, Payk. 17)
Mulsanti, Wat. 173
nigrinus, Kug. . 1t7/l
pulchellus, Herbst. . 170
pygmeeus, Fowre. 171
4-lunulatus, Il. 170
Redtenbacheri, Muls. 170
ru bromaculatus,Goezel71
rufipes, Bris.
suturalis, Thunb. .
testaceus, Mots. .
v. unicolor, Weise
Sericoderus, Steph. .
lateralis, Gy/ll.
wig ds 6 5 6
alpina, Germ,
atrata, D.
v. brunnea, Her bs
dispar, Herbst.
levigata, F’.
nigrita, Creutz.
obscura, 0. .
opaca, Ll. .
polita, Sulz.
quadripunctata, D. .
reticulata, L. .
rugosa, L. .
sinuata, F. .
Vie subrotundata, |
Steph.
thoracica, L.
tristis, I/l. .
tyrolensis, var. Laich.
«74
2 LZ
51
48
48
PAGE
undata, Mill. . 50
Silphidee 2,9
Silphina 41
Silvanina : 302
Silvanus, Latr. 303
bidentatus, F.. 304
fagi, Guér. . 304
Srumentarius, F.. . 304
laricis, Chev. 304
seadentatus, F. 304
similis, Hv. . 304
surinamensis, Z.. . 304
unidentatus, F. . 304
Simplocaria, Marsh. . 371
semistriata, F. 372
Smicrus, Matth.. 127
filicornis, Matth. 127
Soronia, Er. 236
grisea, L. . . 236
punctatissima, LD. . 236
Spheriide. . . . 3, 147
Spheritina : 72
Spheerites, Dufts. 72
elabratus, F’. 72
| Spheorius, Waltl. 147
acaroides, Waltl. 147
obsidianus, Kol. 147
Spherosoma, Steph. . 180
quercus, Steph. 180
Staphylinidze : 3
Stenichnus, Thoms. . 79
Stethorus, Weise 174
Stilbus, Seidl. 153
atomarius, L.. . 154
consimilis, Marsh. 154
geminus, I. 154
oblongus, Er. . 154
piceus, Steph. . 154
testaceus, Panz. . 154
Strongylus, Steph. . . 239
Subcoccinella, Huber . 156
globosa, Schneid. 156
24-punctata, L. 156
Symbiotes, Redt. 179
latus, Redt. 179
rubiginosus, Heer 179
Syncalypta, Dillw.. . 366
arenaria, Sturm . 367
hirsuta, Sharp 367
setigera, IUl. 367
spinosa, Rossi 367
Synchita, Hellw. 191
juglandis, F. . 191
mediolanensis, Villa. 191
v. obscura, Redt.. . 191
Synchitina 188
Synchitodes, Crotch 190
PAGE
Telmatophilina . 308
Telmatophilus, Heer . 309
brevicollis, Awbé 310
caricis, Ol. 310
obscurus, F. 310
Schinherri, Gyll. 8310
sparganii, Ar. 309
typhe, Fall. 310
Tenebrioides, Pill.. 268
caraboides, F. . 269
mauritanicus, L. . 269
Teredus, Shuck. . 187
cylindricus, Ol. 187
nitidus, F. . 187
Teretrius, Hr. 213
picipes, F. . 213
Thalycra, Er. 238
fervida, Ol.. 239
sericea, Sturm 239
Thanatophilus, Leach , 50
Thea, Muls. 167
Thymalus, Latr. 269
limbatus, F’. 270
Tiresias, Steph. 361
serra, Ws, 361
Tomyrium, Reitt. 277
Triarthron, Maerk. 41
Maerkeli, Schmidt . 41
Trichonyx, Chad. 98
Maerkelii, Aubé . 98
sulcicollis, Reich. 98
Trichopterygide . 3 107
Trichopterygina 108
Trichopteryx, Kirby . 113
ambigua, Matth. . . 126
angusta, Matth. . 388
INDEX.
anthracina, Matth.
atomaria, De G. .
attenuata, Gill.
bovina, Mots. .
brevicornis, Mots.
brevipennis, Er. .
brevis, Mots.
cantiana, Matth. .
carbonaria, Matth. - 123
Championis, Matth. . 116
Chevriert, All.. . + 196
Chevrolatii, All.. + 125
convexd, Matth. . + 117
convexiuscula, Mots. 117
dispar, Matth. 5 TIS
Edithia, Matth. - 122
fascicularis, Herbst. . 119
fratercula, Matth. ~- 118
fuscula, Matth. - 125
grandicollis, Mannh. 118 |,
Guérinii, All. . . 124,
Jansoni, Matth. . 123
Kirbii, Matth. . =» 122)
leetitia, Matth. . 119
lata, Mots. . as
littoralis, Thoms. . 127
longicornis, Mannh. 122
longula, Matth. . 122
minuta, Mots.. . . 125
Montandonii, All. . 124
obsccena, Woll. . 124
picicornis, Mannh. .
PAGE
> Alay,
2 ile
* 120
* 121
> bly
* 121
* 121
> til)
123
Poweri, Matth. . 126
pygmea, Er. . 125
rivularis, All. . . 124
Saree, Matth. . . 116
THE END.
seminitens, Matt. .
sericans, Heer.
suffocata, Hal. .
thoracica, Waltl.
variolosa, Muls.
volans, Mots. .
Waterhousii, Matth.
Trimium, Aubé
brevicorne, Reich.
brevipenne, Chaud. .
Chevrieri, Tourn.
latipenne, Tourn.
Trinodes, Latr.
hirtus, Ff. .
Triphyllus, Latr.
punctatus, F. .
suturalis, F’.
Triplax, Payk.
zenea, Schall. .
Lacordairei, Crotch .
nigriceps, Lac. .
ruficollis, Bree
russica, L. . ‘
Tritoma, F.
Tritoma, Reitt. .
Trogositide . . . 5
Trogositina
Tychus, Leach
ibericus, Mots.
niger, Payk.
Typhea, Curt.
fumata, LD. .
Vibidia, Muls. . .
Xylodrepa, Thoms. .
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Fic. 1. Leptinus testaceus, Avil.
Calyptomerus dubius, AZarsh.
2
3. Clambus pubescens, edt.
4. Agathidium nigripenne, Auy.
5
An atrum, Paykh.
6. “5 seminulum, Z.
if 5 varians, Beck.
8. - rhinoceros, Sharp.
9. Amphicyllis globus, F.
10. 93 » v. ferrugineum, Sturm.
11. Liodes humeralis, Aug.
ila. Fe S antenna.
12. » glabra, Aug.
13. »5 castanea, Herbst.
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PLATE LXXIT.
Fic. 1. <Anisotoma cinnamomea, Pan:.
2. 5 obesa, Sehmidt.
3. 3 punctulata, Gy/1.
4, - ealearata, Hr.
De 15 nigrita, Schmit.
6, 55 rugosa, Steph.
ile + parvula, Sahib.
8. - ciliaris, Schmidt.
9. Colenis dentipes, Gyll.
SB ‘3 a antenna.
10. Agaricophagus conformis, Er.
11. Hydnobius Perrisi, Farm.
12. 9 punctatissimus, Steph.
3 strigosus, Sehmidt.
PLATE 72.
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Necrophorus humator, 2’.
»
vestigator, Hers.
interruptus, Steph.
ruspator, Er.
mortuorum, J’.
vespillo, LZ.
Necrodes littoralis, Z. (male).
99
53 (female).
Silpha tristis, Z//.
39
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obscura, L.
quadripunctata, L.
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PLATE LXXIV.
Silpha opaca, L.
”)
thoracica, L.
rugosa, LD.
sinuata, F’.
dispar, Herbst.
levigata,
atrata, L.
5 v. subrotundata, Steph.
Choleva angustata, 1’.
3)
”
93
93
spadicea, Sturm.
velox, Spence.
Wilkini, Spence.
anisotomoides, Spenee.
PAg Ei 7
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PLATE LXXY.
Fic. 1. Choleva agilis, Z7/.
sR », fusca, Panz.
3. 5 nhigricans, Spence.
4, » tristis, Panz.
4a. ms + antenna.
4) grandicollis, Er.
6. chrysomeloides, Panz.
is », Watsoni, Spence.
8. Catops sericeus, &.
9. Bathyscia Wollastoni, Jans.
10. Colon dentipes, var. Zebei, Ayr. (male).
Ine 5, brunneum, Latr.
kbs 75, “ antenna.
12. 3, atum, Ay:
13. Spherites glabratus, /’.
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PLATE DXX yi.
Neuraphes angulatus, Mill.
, Sparshalli, Denny.
Scydmenus Geodarti, Latr.
5 collaris, AZull.
55 scutellaris, Mull.
Euconnus denticornis, Mill. (female).
- hirticollis, 70.
Eumicrus tarsatus, Mill.
Cephennium thoracicum, Mill.
Euthia scydmenoides, Steph.
» schaumi, Aves.
Claviger testaceus, Preyss.
Pselaphus Heisei, Herbst.
as An antenna.
& C° London.
Vincent Brooks, Day
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PLATE LXXVII.
Pselaphus dresdensis, Herbst.
Tychus niger, Payk.
9
» antenna of male.
Bythinus puncticollis, Denny.
LP)
”
”
bulbifer, Rezch.
Curtisii, Denny.
antenna of male.
»» maxillary palpus.
securiger, Reich.
- maxillary palpus.
e antenna of male.
Burrellii, Denny.
Bs antenna of male.
* maxillary palpus.
glabratus, Rye.
e maxillary palpus.
_ antenna.
Rybaxis sanguinea, J.
Bryaxis fossulata, Rezch.
3°
9°
hematica, Reich.
ss abdomen in male (after
Aubé).
juncorum, Leach.
impressa, Panz.
R-Morgan,del et bth “incent Brooks Day & Son Imp
LReeve & C2 London
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PLATE LXXVIII.
Batrisus venustus, Rezch.
Trichonyx sulcicollis, Reich.
Trimium brevicorne, fezch.
Euplectus nanus, Perch.
Karsteni, Reich.
signatus, Reich.
minutissimus, Aubé.
piceus, Mots. (niyricans, Denny)
Bibloporus bicolor, Denny.
Ptinella testacea, Heer.
»”
+P]
denticollis, Hazim.
aptera, Gucr.
Pteryx suturalis, Hee’.
L, Reeve & C2 London
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PLATE LXXIX.
——-—--
Actinopteryx fucico'a, All.
Trichopteryx atomaria, De G.
* erandicollis, Mani.
r brevipennis, Er.
<; 5, anterior tarsus of male.
” ”? ” ” female.
_ longula, Matth.
% ambigua, Mutth.
Smicrus filicornis, WZatth.
Nephanes Titan, Wewm.
Ptilium Kunzei, Heer.
5 Spencei, All.
» ¢aledonicum, Sharp.
» exaratum, All.
3 cxesum, 27;
PLATE 72
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L. Reeve &C° London
Me? LIDRARY
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PLATE LXXxX.
Millidium trisuleatum, Awbé.
Actidium coarctatum, Hal.
Euryptilium saxonicum, Gillm.
Nossidium pilosellum, Marsh.
Ptenidium punctatum, Gyll.
om evanescens, Marsh.
ms Pe labium.
s es maxilla.
ce Gressneri, 7.
Orthoperus atomus, Gy/l.
I atomarius, [Teer.
Corylophus cassidioides, Marsh.
or 55 maxilla.
Sericoderus lateralis, Gy/l.
Sacium pusillum, Gy/l.
Spherius acaroides, Walt/.
Trichopteryx, wing (after Matthews).
<5 larva =
a mandible 3
R Morgan. del, et ith Vincent Brooks,Day & Son Imp
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PLATE LXXXtI.
Phalacrus corruseus, Payk.
Olibrus eneus, /’.
Stilbus testaceus, Panz. (eonsimilis, Marsh).
Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata, L. (Lasia
—glcbosa, Schneid.).
Hippodamia tredecimpunctata, LZ.
Anisosticta novemdecimpunctata, LZ.
Adalia bothnica v. crucifera, Weise.
», bipunctata, LZ.
» obliterata, Z.
Mysia oblongoguttata, Z.
Anatis ocellata, L.
Coccinella quinquepunctata, LZ.
5 septempunctata, L.
R
Ar
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PLATE LXXXIT.
Coccinella decempunctata, LZ. (variabilis, Ill.).
Halyzia octodecimguttata, L.
» quatuordecimguttata, L.
» sedecimguttata, ZL.
» conglobata, L. (quatuordecimpunctata, L.).
5, Vigintiduopunctata, L.
Micraspis sedecimpunctata, L. (uv, 12-pun-tata, L.).
Hyperaspis reppensis, Herbst.
Platynaspis luteorubra, Gioeze (villosa, Fource.).
Scymuus frontalis, F.
nee 2
53 nigrinus, (ug.
a hemorrhoidalis, Herbst.
9 suturalis, Thunb. (discoideus, Il.).
t+
R.Mor¢gan del, et lith Vincent Brooks, Day &Sonimp
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PLATE LXXXITI.
Scymuus testaceus, Mots. (Mulsanti, Wat.).
Chilocorus similis, Ross? (renipustulatus, Seriba).
Exochomus quadripustulatus, L.
Rhizobius litura, F’.
Coccidula rufa, Herbst.
53 seutellata, Herbst.
Symbiotes latus, Redt.
Mycetea hirta, Marsh.
Alexia pilifera, Mill.
Lycoperdina bovista, L’.
Endomychus coccineus, L.
Dacne rufifrons, F’.
,, bumeralis, £.
R-Morgan del, et hth \ }
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7 aa Ee
PATH UXXXTLy.
Triplax russica, L.
» enea, Schall.
Cyrtotriplax bipustulata, 7’.
Aglenus brunneus, Gy//.
Colydium elongatum, /.
Teredus nitidus, 7.
Oxylemus ecylindricus, Panz.
Orthocerus muticus, L.
= a antenna,
Endophleeus spinulosus, Latr.
Ditoma crenata, /’,
Synchita juglandis, F’.
Cicones variegatus, Hellw.
Myrmecoxenus vaporariorum, Gwér.
. . CAL rant
| .
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PLATE LXXXV.
Langelandia anopkthalma, Aubé.
Cerylon histeroides, F’.
A fagi, var. excavatum, Fow/er.
» ferrugineum, Steph.
Murmidius ovalis, Beck.
Hister quadrimaculatus, Z.
¥ DF, antenna.
», ¢adaverinus, /TZof.
3) purpurascens, Herbst.
bissexstriatus, F.
» bimaculatus, L.
Carcinops minima, Aube.
Paromalus flavicornis, Herbst,
Heterius sesquicornis, Ol,
Be)
TR
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aa
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PLATE LXXXVI.
Dendrophilus pygmeus, L.,
A $s antenna.
Myrmetes piceus, Payk.
Saprinus nitidulus, Payk.
55 immundus, Gy/l.
ss virescens, Payk.
os maritimus, Steph,
Teretrius picipes, /.
Plegaderus dissectus, Ey.
Abreus globosus, Hoff.
Acritus minutus, Herbst.
- punctum, Aubé.
Onthophilus globosulus, Ol. (sulcatus, F.).
x5 striatus, FP.
fal
4
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A
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AY
London.
Reeve 2
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PLATE LXXXVII.
Micropeplus margarite, Duv.
4s tesserula, Curt.
“5 3 antenna.
Brachypterus gravidus, J11.
Pa Be maxilla.
$5 urtice, Aug.
Cercus pedicularius, L.
» Yrufilabris, Latr.
Carpophilus hemipterus, L.
- mutilatus, Hr.
Epurea decemguttata, /’.
es ~ labium.
PP zestiva, L.
» longula, Hr.
» deleta, Hr., var.
parvula, Sturm.
Tondon
Vincent Brooks, Day
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PLATE LXXXVIII.
1.
2
4,
5
6
7
——
Epurea pusilla, Er.
5 angustula, H7.
Omosiphora limbata, /’.
Micrurula melanocephala, Mursh.
Nitidula bipustulata, Z.
» quadripustulata, /.
Ss rufipes, L.
» flexuosa, F.
Soronia grisea, L.
Amphotis marginata, Er.
Omosita depressa, L.
colon, L.
discoidea,
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PLATE LXXXIX.
Iie. 1. Thalyera sericea, Sturm.
2. Pocadius ferrugineus, F’.
3. Pria dulcamare, Scop.
4. Meligethes rufipes, Gy/l.
4a. 35 >» anterior tibia.
5. 5 zeneus, PF.
5a. » anterior tibia.
6. 5 virideseeus, #’.
6a. ss 5 anterior tibia.
7 a difficilis, Heer.
7a, Pe 5 anterior tibia.
8. a viduatus, Sturm.
8a. - a8 anterior tibia.
9. bidens, Bris.
9a. o », anterior tibia.
10. . umbrosus, Sw.
10a. as PP anterior tibia.
Be eS picipes, Sturm.
dle 5 »» anterior tibia.
12. _ symphyti, Heer.
Mar 53 a anterior tibia.
15. 3 serripes, Gyll.
132. anterior tibia.
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PLATE XC.
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Meligethes murinus, Fr.
zs A anterior tibia.
obsenrus, Lr.
margin of forehead.
29
79 33
_ Pe anterior tibia.
s i anterior tarsus of male.
erythropus, Gyl/.
4 2 anterior tibia.
exilis, Sturm.
e » wargin of forehead,
» », anterior tibia.
solidus, Aug.
> », margin of forehead.
anterior tibia.
99 9
brevis, Sturm.
margin of forehead.
9 be]
- »» anterior tibia.
Cychramus luteus, 7.
Cryptarcha strigata, 7’.
eS imperialis, £.
Ips quadriguttata, 7.
» quadripunctata, Herbst.
» quadripustulata, L.
Pityophagus ferruginens, F.
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PLATE XCI1.
Fig. 1. Rhizophagus depressus, 7.
De a eribratus, Cyl.
3. ; nitidulus, F,
4. re bipustulatus, /.
da. . _ antenna.
4h, i . posterior tarsus of male.
te. a anterior leg.
5. Nemosoma elongatum, L.
6. Tenebrioides mauritanicus, L.
7. Thymalus limbatus, F.
8. Monotoma conicicollis, Aubé.
9. ~ spinieollis, Awbé.
10. - sub-4-foveolata, Wat.
11. Holoparameecus depressus, Curt.
Aelia: 2 Fs leg,
felib: fe ‘5 antenna of male,
12. Anommatns 12-striatus, Wesm.
13. Lathridins lardarims, De G.
PLATE 21
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PLATE XCIL.
Coninomus nodifer, West v.
Enicmus transversus, Od.
5 minutus, L.
Fe testaceus, Steph.
Cartodere elongata, Curt.
$3 3 antenna.
filum, dwb?.
Cortigaria pubescens, Gyll.
» Uumbilivata, Beck. (cylindrica Mannh).
Melanophtialma transversalis, var. Wollastoni, Wat.
a3 fulvipes, Com. (curta Woll.).
Pediacus depressus, Herbst,
Lamophleus bimaculatus, Payh.
. ater, Ol.
PLATE 92
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10a.
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13.
PLATE XCIII.
Lemophleus clematidis, Lr.
Dendrophagus crenatus, Payh.
Brontes planatus, L.
Psammeechus bipunctatus, /.
Hypocoprus latridioides, Mots.
Nausibius dentatus, Marsh.
Silvanus surinamensis, L.
59 similis, Hr.
Cathartus advena, Wailtl.
Byturus tomentosus, /’.
x 29 ‘tarsus.
Diphyllus lunatus, /*.
Diplocceelus fagi, Gwer.
Telmatophilus sparganii, A/r.
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PLATE XCIV.
Telmatophilus caricis, Ol.
Antherophagus nigricornis, /’.
35 pallens, Gyll.
Cryptophagus lycoperdi, Herbst.
populi, Payk.
39
ss saginatus, Sturm.
Pa ’ ruficornis, Steph.
5 eylindrus, Kies. (parallelus, Bris.).
acutangulus, Gyl/.
B: bicolor, Sturm.
> pubescens, Sturn.
Micrambe vini, Panz.
Paramecosoma melanocephalum, Herbst.
Morgan del et lit 2 = 4 myente
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PLATE XCV.
Fic. 1]. Czenoscelis ferruginea, Thoms.
2. <Atomaria fimetarii, Herbst.
3 re nigriventris, Steph. (nana, Er.).
4. 53 linearis, Steph.
5. - fuscipes, Gyll.
6. gutta, Steph.
tte s mesomelas, Her/st.
8. s nigripennis, Payk.
9 4 ruficornis, Marsh.
10. Ephistemus gyrinoides, Marsh.
11. Scaphidium quadrimaculatum, Ol.
a. 53 on antenna.
12. Scaphisoma agaricinum, Z.
13. Typhea fumata, L.
13a. 5 antenna.
138b. m ” anterior tarsus of male.
13e. a 99 ordinary tarsus.
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PLATE XCVI.
Triphyllus punctatus, 7,
Litargus bifasciatus, F.
Mycetophagus quadripustulatus, L.
As piceus, F.
atomarius, /.
multipunctatus, Helliv.
op populi, /.
quadriguttatus, Mill.
Dermestes vulpinus, 7.
5 tessellatus, Z71.
3 lardarius, L.
_ oC antenna.
Attagenus pellio, Z.
trifasciatus, 7. (verbasc/, L.).
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PLATE XCVII.
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Megatoma undata, Hr.
Tiresias serra, F’,
Anthrenus scrophularia, L.
. Club of sub-genus Anthrenus, i. sp.
. Club of sub-genus Florilinus, Muls.
. Club of sub-genus Helocerus, Muls.
Anthrenus varius, /.
Trinodes hirtus, 7.
Syncalypta setigera, 1/1.
Byrrhus pilula, L.
9 dorsalis, F.
Cytilus varius, /.
Morychus eneus, F’.
Simplocaria semistriata, 7.
Limnichus pygmeus, Sturm.
Aspidiphorus orbiculatus, Gy//.
of aD antenna.
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PLATE XOVIIL.
Georyssus pygmeus, 2.
Elmis eneus, Will.
» Volkmari, Panz.
» parallelopipedus, Mull.
Limnius tuberculatus, JZil/.
Macronychus quadrituberculatus, JZu//.
Potaminus substriatus, AZiu/l.
” =) antenna.
Parnus prolifericornis, /.
auriculatus, Panz
Heterocerus femoralis, Aves.
$5 levigatus, Panz.
- fusculus, Kies.
- sericans, Aves,
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