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MONTGOMERYSHIRE   COLLECTIONS. 


COLLECTIONS 


HISTORICAL  &  ARCHJIOLOGICAL 

RELATING    TO 

MONTGOMERYSHIRE 

AND   ITS   BORDERS. 

I8SUl£D    BT   THE    POWYS-LAND   CLUB   FOR  THE   USE   OF   ITS    MEMBERS. 


VOL.   XVII. 


LONDON : 

rUlNTED   KUR   THE   CLIB   BY 

WHITING  &  CO.,  Ltd.,  SARDINIA  STREET,  LINCOLN'S   INN   FIELDS. 

1884. 


74 


-k 


Harvard  College  Library 

Nov.    2'/,   1911 

Prom  the  Girt  of 

OharleB  Jackson 

of  Boston 


**-4  Ruddy  Lion  Ramping  in  GoUiy 

The  Seal  of  Sib  Edwa.kd  bx  Chsblxtoit,  Lohd  ov  Powts,  appended"  to  a  Charter  dated 
6th  July,  7  Henry  Y  (1418),  is  adopted  as  tlie  Seal  of  the  49ota98«lanll  (Tlub.  This  re- 
markable Seal  is  not  quite  perfect,  the  edge  having  been  splinteriBd  awav,  and  the  flgnre  in 
the  place  of  the  crest  having  lost  its  bead,  which  the  engraver  has  supplied.  It  appeckrs  to 
have  been  a  round  seal,  surrounded  by  an  inscription,  probably  *'8igUlum  Bdwardi  as  CherU- 
ioHf  Domini  Powiaie*\  of  which  only  the  '*  g"  in  the  word  Sigillum,  and  "  wi"  in  the  word 
Powisie,  now  remain.  The  shield  in  the  centre  is  charged  with  the  red  Uon  of  Powys— a  lion 
rampant— B,nd  is  probably  held  up  by  another  lion  rampant  standing  on  its  hind  legs  behind 
the  shield,  which  is  clasped  by  his  fore  i>aws.  The  side  supporters,  or  rather  ornamental 
figures  (for  it  is  said  that  supporters,  in  the  present  heraldic  sense  of  the  word,  were 
unknown  at  that  period),  are  wild  men  sitting  astride  of  lions  couphant.— Ifon/.  Coll., 
vol.  vi,  p.  293. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  COLLECTIONS. 


CONTENTS   OF   VOL.   XVH. 


Original  Proposal  for  Formation  of  Club,  Rules,  and  Amended 
Rules      ....... 

List  of  Members        ...... 

Report  of  Seventeenth  Annual  Meeting  and  General  Report, 
and  Report  of  School  of  Art  Committee,  and  an  Account 
of  the  Distribution  of  the  Prizes  and  Certificates 

Classified  List  of  Articles  presented  to  the  Powys-land 
Museum  and  Library  since  November  1883 

Alphabetical  List  of  Donors  to  the  P©wys-land  Museum  and 
Library  from  November  1883  to  November  1884 

Report  of  Museum  Committee 

List  of  Literary  Societies  with  which  the  Powys-land  Club 
exchanges  Publications    .... 

Obituary  of  Members  of  the  Powys-land  Club 


Ej»rly  Montgomeryshire  Wills. 
At  St  Asaph  Registry 
At  Bangor  Registry  . 
At  Hereford  Registry  . 


By  H.  L.  Squires 


VHl 
XV 


XXI 


XXXI 


XXXVl 


XXXIX 

xl 


Montgomeryshire  Worthies.    By  Richard  Williams,  F.R.Hist.S, 
(continued  from  Vol.  XVI,  p.  232) 

Traces  of  Roman  Roads  in  or  near  the  Valley  of  the  Vyrnwy. 
By  T.  G.  Jones  (Cyjln)   .... 

Cyfeiliog  Pedigrees.     By  D.  C.  LL  0. 

Beander  Mill  and  Lands,  Newtown.     By  E.  Rowley  Morris 

Parish  of  Forden,     By  Rev.  J.  E.  Vize,  M.A.  {continued  from 
Vol.  XVI,  p.  208) 
Biogi-aphical    .  .  .  .81 

Forden  Families  and  Landowners  .  84 

Statistics  of  Farms  .  .104 

Archaeological .  .  .105 

Caer-Flos  .  .  .105 

Roman  Road  centering  there   .  .108 

The  Moat  at  Nantcribba  .  .112 

Offa'sDyke 114 

Customs  and  Games    .  .114 


121 
134 
137 


37 
49 

81 


121 


VI 


Half-Timber  Houses  of  Montgomeryshire.     By  Thomas  Edw. 

Pryce       .......       149 

i.  Maesmawr  Hall       .  .  .152 

ii.  Trewem  Hall  .  .  .157 

Note  .  .  .  .  .162 

Folk-Lore,  Superstitions,  or  What-Not  in  Montgomeryshire. 

By  Rev.  Elias  Owen,  M.A.  .  .  .165 

Effigy  of  a  Knight  in  Llanfair  Caereinion  Church,  Identifica- 
tion.    By  Rev.  W.  V.  Lloyd,  M.A.  .  .  .175 

Royal  Montgomeryshire  Regiment  of  Militia.     By  Major  R. 

J.  Harrison  ......       181 

Montgomeryshire  Worthies.    By  Richard  Williams,  F. R. Hist.S. 

{continued  from  p,  36)     .....       233 

Dyffryn  Ceiriog  Folk-Lore.     By  John  Ceiriog  Hughes  .       265 

Inedited  Welsh  Poetry,  by  Powys-land  and  other  Welsh  Poets       273 

Roman  Milestones  found  in  Wales  (i  to  xi)     .  .  .       277 

Mercator  and  Speed's  Maps  and  Descriptions  of  Montgomery- 
shire.    By  Richard  Williams,  F.R.H.S.  .  305 

Library  of  Chained  Bocks  at  Chirbury.     By  William  Wilding, 

Montgomery        .  .  .  .  .  .311 

A  Parochial  History  of  Llanfair  Caereinion.     By  Edward  Pen- 

tyrch  Gittins.     V.— -Folk-Lore    .  .  .  .321 

Bronze  Relics  found  on  Foel  Hiraddug,  co.  Flint.     By  M.  A. 

Gage,  C.E.  and  M.E.        .  .  .  .  .331 

Welshpool,   Materials   for   the    Histor}'^   of    the   Parish    and 

Borough.     By  M.  C.  J.  (continued  from  Vol.  XV,  p.  360)       333 
Chapter  III  (continued). — Supplemental  infor- 
mation relating  to  Almshouse                    .        333 
Chapter  IV — Nonconformity  (to  be  continued)         334 
„         V — Genealogical                    „             .        350 
"Montgomeryshire  Militia*' in  1684    ....       357 
Half-Timbered  Houses  of  Montgomeryshire.     By  T.  E.  Pryco       359 
III— Penarth  .....        359 
IV— Park 360 

Mediaeval  Seal  found  at  Little  Vownog,  Bersham,  co.  Denbigh. 

By  A.  N.  Palmer,  F.C.S.  .  .  ,369 

Inscribed  Stone,  called  "  Y  Garreg  Llwyd",  Aberhavesp.     By 

R.  Williams 371 

Miscellanea,  CII  to  CXI  .  .  .  .  .373 

The   Montgomeryshire   Pedigrees,   from    the    Visitations  of 

Wales  by  Lewys  Dwnn    .  .  .389 


VII 


Appbndix  {separately  paged,  and  to  he  continued) — 

Pedigrees  of  Montgomeryshire  Families,  selected  from  The 
Heraldic  Visitations  of  Wales^  by  Lewys  Dwnn,  Deputy 
Hendd-at-Arms.  (Printed  by  the  Powys-land  Club  for 
the  use  of  its  Members.)     Section  I        .  •  1  to  32 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


1.  Plan  of  Roman  Camp  at  Caer-Flos  in  the  parish  of  Forden, 

to  face  105^ 

2.  „      Moat  at  Nantcribba  .  .  „       113«^ 

3.  Wood  Engraving  of  Maesmawr  Hall, 

to  be  mounted  between  152  and  153  ^' 

4.  „  Trewem  Hall       .  „    158    „    159  v^ 

5.  „  The  "  Hadrianus"  MilUary  St.>ne,  found  at 

Rhiwiau  .  .  .283 

6.  „  The  '*  Septimius  Severus"  Military  Stone, 

found  at  Rhiwiau  .  .  292 

7.  Lithograph,  The ''Tacitus*' Milliaiy  Stone  .  .  to  face  296*^ 

8.  „  The  "  Maximino"  Milliary  Stone, 

to  be  mounted  between  pp.  296  and  297  "^ 

9.  „  The  "  Gordianus"  Milliary  Stone, 

to  be  mounted  between  298  and  299  v 

10.  „  The  "  Piavonius  Victorinus"  Milliary  Stone, 

to  face  301  >-- 

11.  „  "The  "Cassianus"  and  the  " Capel  Coelbryn" 

Milliary  Stones   .  .to  face  302  ^^ 

12.  „  Bronze  Relics  found  on  Foel  Hiraddug,  co.  Flint, 

to  face  331  • 

13.  Wood  Engraving,  Shield  of  Arms,  "  Davies  of  Kynant"       .  350 

14.  „  „  « Parry  of  JJanerchydol"   351 

15.  „  Penarth   to  be  mounted  between  358  and  359  ^ 

16.  „  Park  „  „  360  „    861^ 

1 7.  Dallastint,  Medieval  Seal,  found  at  Little  Vownog,  Bersham, 

to  face  369  ' 

18.  Wood  Engraving,  Inscribed  Stone,  "  Y  Garreg  Llwyd",  Aber- 

havesp  .371 


Autkcrs  alone  are  responsible  for  facts  and  opinions. 


vin 


Proposal  for  a  Society  or  Oluh,  to  be  called  the  '^  Powys- 
L1.ND  Clvb",  for  the  Gollecting  and  Printing,  for  the  use  of  its 
Members,  of  the  Historical,  Ecclesiastical,  Genealogical,  Topo- 
graphical, and  Literary  Remains  of  Montgomeryshire, 


It  has  occurred  to  more  than  one  gentleman  connected  with 
Montgomeryshire,  that  it  would  be  desirable  to  begin  an  his- 
torical and  archaeological  collection  for  that  county. 

The  county  is  rich  in  the  remains  of  former  ages,  compris- 
ing, as  it  does,  nearly  the  whole  of  the  ancient  principality  of 
Upper  Powys  and  other  scenes  of  historic  interest,  and  yet 
having  hitherto  formed  a  portion  of  Wales  which  has  n«t 
received  its  due  proportion  of  archaeological  illustration. 

A  county  history  is  the  great  desideratum ;  but,  considering 
the  various  qualifications  required,  in  one  person,  to  enable 
him  to  write  a  good  county  history,  who  is  equal  to  such  a 
herculean  task  ? 

It  is  seldom  that  in  one  mind  can  be  found  "  the  profundity 
of  knowledge,  the  patient  and  laborious  research,  the  skill  in 
generalisation,  the  talent  for  detail,  the  aptitude  for  so  many 
and  so  Viaried  investigations,  the  taste,  energy,  and  self-sacri- 
ficing zeal  which  can  carry  such  labour  to  a  successful  termi- 
nation." The  late  Walter  Davies  was  the  only  man  that 
could  be  named  who  would  have  been  equal  to  the  under- 
taking. 

In  the  absence,  however,  of  a  county  history,  an  historical 
and  archaeological  collection  for  this  county,  specifically,  would 
be  both  valuable  and  interesting. 

It  would  be,  in  fact,  to  carry  out,  but  in  more  detail,  with 
reference  to  Montgomeryshire,  the  idea  which  was  broached 
with  respect  to  all  the  counties  of  Wales  in  the  first  number  of 
the  Archceologia  Gambrensis,  in  the  article — "On  the  Study 
and  Preservation  of  National  Antiquities.^' 

Following  the  model  of  other  societies,  it  is  proposed  that 
the  collection  should  include — 

1.  A  Monasticon,  or  a  record  of  all  monastic  remains,  whether 
buildiogs,  tombs,  inscriptions,  utensils,  seals,  etc.  [This  is  already 
in  progress,  but,  from  the  few  religious  houses  in  the  county,  will  not 
be  extensive.] 

2.  An  Ecdesiasticon,  or  a  similar  record  of  all  that  relates  to  paro- 
chial churches  and  chapels,  whether  of  the  established  church,  or  of 
any  description,  etc.,  and  of  all  objects,  such  as  tombs,  crosses,  etc., 
connected  with  them. 


IX 

3.  A  Ca9tellarium^  a  similar  record  of  castellated  remains. 

4.  A  Manaionarium^  a  similar  collection  relating  to  all  ancient 
manor-houses,  mansions,  and  houses  of  a  certain  degree  of  import- 
ance, and  to  their  collected  remains. 

5.  A  Vtllare  and  FarochicUe,  applying  to  all  buildings  and  remains 
of  towns,  villages,  parishes,  etc.,  including  all  public  civil  buildings, 
etc. 

6.  A  Chartularium^  including  as  complete  an  account  as  practi- 
cable of  all  ancient  documents  referring  to  the  five  preceding  classes. 
The  manorial  history  of  the  county  may  be  illustrated;  and  the 
public  record  office,  and  the  muniment  rooms  of  the  magnates  of  the 
county,  would  form  an  almost  inexhaustible  source  of  information 
under  this  division.  It  would  be  proposed  to  print  tlie  original 
documents  in  extenso  where  thought  of  sufficient  interest. 

7.  An  Ohituarium^  contAiuing  notices  of  pedigrees  of  ancient 
families,  notices  of  celebrated  characters,  and  collections  of  all  that 
relates  to  the  public  and  private  life  of  all  classes  who  are  or  have 
been  inhabitants  of  the  district. 

8.  An  Ordinary  of  Arms,  containing  authentic  copies  of  all  existing 
remains  of  mediaeval  heraldry. — Drawings  aud  copies  of  inscriptions, 
etc.,  on  church  windows,  monuments,  etc. 

9.  The  collecting  and  printing  of  MS.  collections  connected  with 
the  district,  or  throwing  any  light  on  any  of  the  families  of  the 
county. 

10.  An  Itinerarium.  Notices,  plans,  and  surveys  of  all  British, 
Roman,  or  other  ancient  roads  or  ways,  etc. 

11.  Traditions,  customs,  folk-lore,  ballads,  etc. 

Various  topographical  and  genealogical  articles  have  ap- 
peared in  publications  that  are  rare  and  difficult  of  access,  and 
it  would  be  proposed  to  reprint  such  of  these  articles  as  raay 
be  thought  of  sufficient  interest  and  value^  with  such  additions 
as  may  be  procurable ;  for  instance,  the  topographical  accounts 
of  the  parishes  of  Meifod  and  Llanwnog,  which  appeared  in 
the  Camlrian  Quarterly  Review,  and  the  accounts  of  Garth- 
beibo^  Llangadfan,  and  Llanerfyl,  and  of  Llanymynech,  that 
appeared  upwards  of  seventy  years  ago  in  the  Gamhrian 
Register,  and  such  like.  They  would  form  models  for  topo- 
graphical accounts  of  other  parishes. 

And  it  is  wished  to  reprint  several  of  the  articles  bearing 
upon  Montgomeryshire  which  have  already  appeared  in  the 
Archceologia  Oambrensis, 

It  is  proposed  to  print  the  articles  in  parts^  as  they  are 
available^  and  not  necessarily  in  any  particular  classified  order; 
but  when  a  sufficient  number  to  form  a  volume  is  collected,  to 
make  the  information  easily  accessible  by  means  of  copious 
Indi<:es, 


It  is  also  proposed  to  make  such  arrangements  with  the 
Cambrian  Archaeological  Association  as  may  be  found  mutually 
desirable  and  practicable.  It  is  the  wish  of  the  promoters  of 
the  scheme  to  form  the  closest  connection  with  that  well-tried 
and  excellent  institution.  The  scheme  may  appear  extensive, 
but  it  will  be  carried  out  only  so  far  as  materials  offer  and 
opportunity  occurs. 

This  preliminary  proposal  was  circulated  in  the  first  instance 
in  influential  quarters^  with  the  view  of  testing  how  far  the 
scheme  met  with  approval,  and  was  likely  to  be  supported. 

The  collection  of  two  or  three  facts — in  themselves^  and, 
while  separate,  comparatively  unimportant — will  often  bo 
found  to  throw  light  on  each  other,  and  will  not  unfrequently 
lead  to  the  clearing  up  of  doubtful  points,  or  the  discovery  of 
error.     In  this  light  all  may  assist  in  the  work  proposed. 

"  If  a  collection  could  be  mude^',  said  the  late  Dr.  Stanley, 
Bishop  of  Norwich,  "  of  all  the  isolated  and  floating  facts  con- 
nected with  the  various  branches  of  topographical  knowledge, 
it  is  obvious  that  thus  an  invaluable  body  of  information  and 
ample  store  of  materials  might  be  amassed,  of  the  utmost  im- 
portance to  the  traveller,  the  antiquary,  the  man  of  science, 
and  the  naturalist.'^  The  custodian  of  almost  every  parochial 
register  may  find  in  it  much  that  is  novel  and  valuable.  Any 
accurate  observer  who  will  transcribe  all  the  monumental  in- 
scriptions in  any  church,  chapel,  or  burial  place,  would  render 
valuable  service. 

If  it  meet  with  support,  it  is  intended  to  organise  and  carry 
it  on  with  the  honorary  assistance  of  such  as  consent  to  asso- 
ciate themselves  for  the  purpose ;  the  necessary  funds  for 
printing  and  illustrating,  transcribing  public  records,  etc., 
being  provided  by  the  subscription  of  the  members.  But  it 
is  by  no  means  wished. to  restrict  the  Association  to  pecuniary 
subscribers  only.  Contributors  of  archaeological  information 
of  all  the  descriptions  before  indicated  would  be  welcomed  as 
members  with  as  much  warmth  as  pecuniary  subscribers. 


MORRIS  C.  JONES, 

20,  Abercromby  Square,  Liverpool.      /  Hon.  Sees, 

T.  0.  MORGAN,  (  pro  tern.' 

Abexystwith. 

Ut  March  1867. 


!' 


The  Club  was  constituted  on  the  1st  October  1867 ;  when 
Part  I  was  issued  to  the  members,  and  the  following  Rules 
adopted  : — 


XI 


ORIGINAL  LAWS  OF  THE  POWYS-LAND  CLUB. 


I.  The  Club  shall  consist  of  not  more  than  one  hundred  members. 

II.  The  Council  shall  consist  of  the  following  persons,  in  whom 
the  management  of  the  Club  shall  be  vested,  that  is  to  say,  the 
President,  Vice-Presidents,  the  Secretaries,  Treasurer,  and  twelve 
other  Members. 

III.  That  the  following  gentlemen  shall  constitute  the  first  Officers 
and  Council  of  the  Club : — 

Prewdenf— The  Eabl  o»  Powis. 

VUe-Presidentt — The  Lohd  Sudblbt  ;  The  Bibkop  of  St.  Asaph  ; 

Sib  Watkin  Williams  Wtnn,  Bart. 

Council, 


Rev.  £.  L.  Babnwsll,  M.A., 

Melksham,  WUtB. 
EDircrND  Bucxlbt,  Esq.,  M  P., 

Plas  Dinaa. 
J.  Pbtcb  Dbxw,  Esq.,  M.A., 

Milford,  Newtown. 
£ev.  John  Edwabds,  M.A., 

Rectory,  Newtown. 
Ten.  Archdeacon  Ffoulkbs,  M.A., 

Rectory,  Llandyssil. 
Abbahah  Howbll,  Esq., 

Rhiewport,  Welshpool. 


David  Howbll«  Esq., 

Dolguogf,  Machynlleth. 
Rev.  D.  Phillips  Lbwis,  M.  A  , 

Vicarage,  Guilsfield. 
Hon.  Chas.  Hanbubt  Tbact,  M.P., 

Oregynog,  Newtown. 
Pbtcb  Bucklbt  Williaxxs,  Esq., 

Pennant,  Welshpool. 
Rev.  Robebt  Willi aks,  M.A., 

Rectory,  Llanfyllin. 
C.  W.  Williams  Wtnn,  Esq.,  M.P., 

Coed-y-Maen,  Welshpool. 


Hon,  Treasurer — Thomas  Bo  wen,  Esq.  ( Messrs.  Beck  ft  Co.),  Welshpool. 

Ban.  Seeretariee — Mobbis  C.  Jonbb,  Esq.,  20,  Abercromby  Sqi]ai*e,  Liverpool 

(and  Gangrog,  Welshpool);  T.  O.  Moboan,  Esq.,  Aberystwith 

(and  Lincoln's  Inn). 

TV.  A  General  Meeting  of  the  Members  shall  be  held  annuallj,  on 
the  first  day  of  the  month  of  October,  or  on  a  day  soon  after,  and  at 
such  place  as  the  Council  shall  appoint.  And  the  President,  or  in 
his  absence  one  of  the  Vice  Presidents,  shall  have  power  to  call 
Extraordinary  General  Meetings,  on  giving,  through  the  Secretaries, 
a  fortnight's  notice  to  the  Members. 

y.  The  Council  shall  be  elected  at  a  General  Meeting,  to  continue 
iu  office  for  three  years,  and  be  capable  of  re-election. 

VT.  The  names  of  the  Members  proposed  to  be  elected  into  the 
Council  shall  be  transmitted  by  the  proposers  to  the  Secretaries  one 
fortnight  before  the  General  Meetings ;  and  notice  of  the  persons  so 
proposed  shall  be  forwarded  by  the  Secretaries  to  all  the  Members. 

VII.  At  the  General  Meeting  votes  for  the  election  of  the  Council 
may  be  given  either  personally  or  bi/  letter  addressed  to  the  Secre- 
taries; but  no  Member  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  a  General  Meeting 
whose  subscription  is  in  arrear. 


Xll 

VIII.  Any  vacancy  which  may  occur  in  the  Council,  or  in  the 
offices  of  Secretaries  or  Treasurer,  shall  be  provisionally  filled  up 
by  the  Council. 

IX.  Those  gentlemen  who  have  assented  or  do  assent  to  these  rules, 
and  have  signified  their  wish  to  become  Members,  shall  be  deemed 
original  Members  of  the  Society. 

X.  Subsequent  Members  may  be  elected  by  ballot  at  any  one  of 
the  General  Meetings,  according  to  priority  of  application,  upon  being 
proposed  in  writing  by  two  existing  Members.  One  black  ball  in  five 
shall  exclude. 

XL  The  subscription  of  each  Member  shall  be  paid  in  advance  to 
the  Treasurer,  and  shall  be  as  follows : — Any  Member  of  the  Cam- 
brian Archaeological  Association  who  shall  become  an  original 
Member  of  the  Club  shall  pay  the  annual  sum  of  half  a  guinea ;  any 
other  Member  of  the  Club  shall  pay  the  annual  sum  of  one  guinea. 
If  ^ny  Member's  subscription  shall  be  in  arrear  for  two  years,  and 
he  shall  neglect  to  pay  his  subscription  after  being  reminded  by  the 
Treasurer,  he  shall  be  regarded  as  having  ceased  to  be  a  Member  of 
the  Club. 

XII.  The  Council  may  elect  as  an  Honorary  Member  any  gentle- 
man contributing  papers  or  information  such  as  shall,  in  their  judg- 
ment, be  in  furtherance  of  the  objects  of  the  Club. 

XIII.  The  objects  of  the  Club  shall  be  carried  out  with  the  hono- 
rary assistance  of  the  Members,  and  the  funds  of  the  Club  shall  be 
disbursed  in  printing  and  illustrating  such  information  as  shall  be 
contributed  by  the  Members,  searching  for  and  transcribing  public 
records,  etc.,  and  the  necessary  expenses  of  the  Club. 

XIV.  The  Members  are  earnestly  invited  to  contribute  articles  and 
information ;  and  contributors  of  papers  shall  be  entitled  to  twelve 
copies  of  such  articles. 

XV.  Every  Member  not  in  arrear  of  his  annual  subscription  will 
be  entitled  to  one  copy  of  every  publication  of  the  Club,  to  be  deli- 
vered as  soon  as  it  shall  be  completed. 

XVI.  The  Council  shall  determine  what  numbers  of  each  publica- 
tion shall  be  printed,  and  the  copies  over  and  above  those  required 
for  the  Members  shall  be  sold  to  the  public  at  such  time  and  price 
as  may  be  fixed  by  the  Council,  and  the  proceeds  to  be  carried  to  the 
account  of  the  Club. 

XVIL  No  alteration  shall  be  made  in  these  Laws,  except  at  an 
Anniversary  Meeting ;  one  month's  notice  of  any  proposed  alteration 
to  be  communicated,  in  writing,  to  the  Secretaries. 

At  the  Second  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Club,  held  on  the 
11th  of  October  1869,  in  pursuance  of  notice  given  in  accord- 
ance with  Rule  XVII^  the  following  alterations  in  the  Laws 
were  made — 

*'  That  the  Club  shall  be  extended,  and  shall  consist  of  not  more 
than  two  hundred  Members ;  all  additional  Members  shall  pay  the 
annual  subscription  of  one  guinea. 


Xlll 


.  "  That  the  Secretary  shall  he  at  liberty  to  admit  Memhers  up  to 
that  enlarged  limit ;  the  applicants  for  membership  wh^  are  willing 
to  pay  the  back  subscriptions,  so  as  to  entitle  them  to  the  back  parts 
of  the  publications  of  the  Club,  to  have  the  preference. 

"That  the  Secretaries  shall  also  be  at  liberty  to  admit  new  Mem- 
bers to  supply  vacancies  caused  by  death,  or  resignation,  or  non- 
payment of  subscriptions. 

"That  the  following  words  be  added  to  Rule  XII:  *or  may  present 
him  with  a  copy  of  all  or  any  of  the  publications  of  the  Club'." 


At  the  Seventh  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Powys-land  Club, 
held  on  the  5th  of  October  1874,  the  following  were 
adopted  as 


1.  The  Museum  and  Library  shall  be  open  to  the  public  on  Satur- 
days and  Mondays  from  Ten  to  Four,  on  payment  by  each  person  of 
an  admission  fee  of  threepence :  except  on  the  last  Saturday  in  each 
month,  when  from  One  to  Four  it  shall  be  open  free  of  charge. 

2.  An  annual  family  subscription  of  5s.  shall  admit  all  the  mem- 
bers of  a  family  subscribing,  and  an  annual  subscription  of  26.  6d. 
shall  admit  an  individual  person,  on  Saturdays  and  Mondays,  for 
one  year. 

3.  The  Members  of  the  Powys-land  Club  shall  have  access  to  the 
Museum  and  Library  every  day  (Sundays  excepted)  from  Ten  to 
Four,  and  also  shall  have  the  privilege  of  taking  therein  any  personal 
friends  accompanymg  them,  on  Tuesdays,  Wednesdays,  Thursdays, 
and  Fridays. 

4.  That  donors  to  the  Building  Fund,  to  the  amount  of  10s.  or 
upwards,  and  their  families,  shall  be  admitted  free  on  Saturdays 
and  Mondays,  for  one  year,  from  the  opening  of  the  Museum  and 
Library. 

5.  £ach  person  visiting  the  Museum  and  Library  shall  be  required 
to  enter  his  or  her  name  in  a  Visitors'  book,  to  be  provided  for  that 
purpose. 

6.  No  article  or  book  shall  on  any  account  be  removed  from  the 
Museum  and  Library,  without  the  special  permission  of  the  Committee. 


At  the  Eighth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Powys-land  Club, 
held  on  the  4th  of  October  1875,  in  pursuance  of  notice  given 
in  accordance  with  Rule  XVII,  an  alteration  in  the  Laws  was 
made  by  the  adoption  of  the  following  additional  Rule  : — 

"  XVIII.  That  no  dividend,  gift,  division,  or  bonus  in  money  shall 
be  made  unto  or  between  any  of  the  Members  of  the 
Powys-land  Club,  or  of  the  said  Museum  or  Library,  or  any 
other  person  whatsoever." 


XIV 

Aud  the  following  alteration  and  addition  to  the  Rules  of 
the  Powys*land  Maseum  and  Library  were  made. 
Rule  I  was  altered  to  read  thus : — 

"  1.  That  the  public  shall  be  admitted  to  the  Museum  every  week 
day,  from  Ten  to  Four,  on  the  payment  of  an  admission 
fee  of  threepence,  except  when  the  Council  shall  other- 
wise determine ;  and  except  on  the  last  Saturday  in  each 
month,  when  from  One  to  Four  it  shall  be  opened  free  of 
charge.** 

The  following  additional  Rule  was  adopted  : — 

"  That  the  Books  in  the  Library  shall  be  open  gratuitously  to  the 
public,  subject  to  such  regulations  as  shall  be  made  by  the 
Council.** 

(Signed)         Powis  President 

A.  HowbjI'^*  I  ^^"^'^  ^^"^1  ""^  ^ 

Hendry  P.  Ffoulkes.      I 


Council, 


R  E.  Jones.  |  ^  ^"^^^-^C/S  ^'^^'' 

Morris  Chas.  Jones.      \  rr  a      .     - 

WlLUi^M  V.  Lloyd.         }  ^<>^^^  Secretaries. 


''  I  hereby  certify  that  this  Society  is  entitled  to  the  benefit  of  the 
Act  6  and  7  Vict,  cap.  36,  eutituled,  *An  Act  to  exempt  from 
County,  Borougli,  Parochial,  and  other  Local  Rates,  Lands  and 
Buildings  occupied  by  Scientific,  or  Literary  Societies. 

(Signed)         **J.  M.  Ludlow, 

"  Chief  Registrar  of  Friendly  Societies, 

"  The  Barrister  appointed  to  certify  the  Rules  of  Savings  Banks, 
for  the  Central  Office,  London,  19th  November  1875.** 


•LIST  OF  THE  MEMBERS 

or  TH> 

PO  WYS-LAND     CLUB. 

September  30,  1884. 


Those  marked  *  have  coidriimted  papers  to  the  '* Monigomeryehire  €ollecHont*\ 
Thoee  marked  f  ctre  Donors  of  Objects  to  the  Potoys-land  Musewn  and  Librarp, 
Those  marked  X  have  exhibited  articles  of  interest  at  the  AnnwU  Meeting, 

fAdnitty  W.  H.,  Esq.,  Lystonville,  Shrewsbury 

BabingtoD,  Charles  C,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  5,  Brookside,  Cambridge 
•tBarrett,  Thomas  Brettell,  Esq.,  Welshpool 
*tBarQwell,  Rev.  E.  L.,  M.A.,  Melkshara,  Wilts 

Bates,  J.  Cadwallader,  Esq.,  Heddon  Banks,  Wylam-on-Tyne 

Beattie,  Joseph,  Esq.,  Overleigh,  Wellington,  Shro])shire 
{Beck,  Peter  Arthm-,  Esq.,  Trelydan  Hall,  Welshpool  {Han.  Treasurer) 
tXBennett,  Nicholas,  Esq.,  Glanyrafon,  Caersws 
fBlack,  Adam  William,  Esq.,  19,  AthoU  Crescent,  Edinburgh 

Bolding,  George  Frederick,  Esq.,  204,  Hagley  Road,  Edgbaston,  Bir- 
mingham 
*Bridgeman,  Hon.  and  Rev.  Canon,  M.A.,  The  Hall,  Wigan 

Bridgeman,  Hon.  and  R«v.  J.  R.  0.,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Westou-under- 
Lyziard,  Shifnal 

BrisGO,  Wastel,  Esq.,  Southcott,  Reading 
^Buckley,  Sir  Edmund,  Bart,  Plas  Dinas,  Diuas  Mawddwy 

•Clark,  George  Thomas,  Esq.,  Dowlais  House,  Dowlais 
Cokayne,  George  E.,  Esq.,  M.A.Oxon.,  F.S.A.,  Norroy  King  of  Arms^ 
College  of  Arms,  London 
tCurling,  Mrs.,  Brookland  Hall,  Welshpool 

Davies,  Edward,  Esq.,  Llwynderw,  Llandinam 
^Davies,  Henry,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk,  Oswestry  (dececued) 

Davies,  Rev.  John  Evans,  M. A.,  Llangelynin  Rectory,  Llwyngwril, 
Merioneth 

Davies,  John  D.,  Esq.,  Llanidloes 
t* Davies,  John  Pryce,  Esq.,  Bronfelin,  Cueraws 

Dugdale,  John,  Esq.,  Llwyn,  Llanfyllin 
tDuke,  William  Griffiths,  Esq.,  Terrace  Buildings,  Welshpool 

Edwards,  Rev.  Griffith,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Llangadfan,  Welshpool 


XVI 

♦Edwards,  Rev.  Canon  Wynne,  Rectory,  Llanrhaiadr-yn-Kinmerch^ 

Denbighshire 
t Evans,  David  Williams,  Esq.,  Clifton,  Nottingham,  and  Glascoed, 

Llansantffraid 
:j:Evans,    Rev.    Edward,    M.A.,   Rectory,   Llanfihangel-yn-Nghwnfa, 

Llanfyllin,  Oswestry 
tEvans,  Edward,  Esq.,  Bronwylfa,  Wrexham 
t  J  Evans,  Edward  Bickerton,  Esq.,  Whitboume  Hall,  Worcester 
tJEvans,  John,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Nash  Mills,  Heme!  Hempsted 
tEvans,  John  Hilditch,  Esq.,  Bryn  Issa,  Pershore,  Worcestershire 

(deceased) 
tEvans,  Joseph,  Esq.,  Hurst  House,  Prescot  (two  copies) 
Eyre,  Rev.  W.,  St.  Beuno's  College,  St.  Asaph 

tJFardo,  George,  Esq.,  Postmaster,  Wolverhampton 
Ffoulkes,  Ven.  Archdeacon,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Whittington,  Salop 
Ffoulkes,  Wynne-,  His  Honour  Judge,  Old  Northgate  House,  Chester 

tJField,  Rev.  Augustus,  M.A.,  Vicarage,  Pool  Quay,  Welshpool 

♦tiFisher,  William,  Esq.,  Maesfron,  Welshpool 
Foljambe,  C.  S.  J.,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Cockglode,  Ollerton,  Newark 

tJGillart,  Richard,  Esq.,  Llynlloed,  Machynlleth 

Harlech,  The  Lord,  Brogyntyn,  Oswestry  (  Vice-President) 
t Harrison,  George  Devereux,  Esq.,  Fronllwyd,  Welshpool 

Harrison,   Colonel   John   Pryce,    1,   Seagrave    Place,    Cheltenham 
(deceased) 

Harrison,  Robert  John,  Esq.,  Caerhowel,  Montgomery 

Hayman,  Rev.  Canon  Samuel,  M.A,  Grange-Erin,  Douglas,  Cork 

Herbert,  Colonel  Geo.  Edward,  Upper  Helmsley  Hall,  Yorkshire, 
and  Glanhafren,  Newtown,  Montgomeryshire 
{Hey ward.  Colonel  John  Heyward,  Crosswood,  Guils6eld 
♦ttHill,  Rev.  J.  E.,  M.A.,  Vicarage,  Welshpool 
tHilton,   Edwin,  Esq.,  Glynhirieth,  Llanfair  Caereinion,  and   Oak 

Bank,  Fallowfield,  Manchester 
*JHowell,  Abraham,  Esq.,  Rhiewport,  Berriew,  Montgomeryshire 
*Howell,  David,  Esq.,  Craig  Avon,  Aberdovey 

Hughes,  H.  R.,  Esq.,  Kinmel,  St.  Asaph 

Humphreys,  Richard,  Esq.,  North  and  South  Wales  Bank,  Newtown 
t Hurst,  Robert,  Esq.,  Severn  Street,  Welshpool 

Inner  Temple  Library,  London  (J,  Pickering,  Esq.,  Librarian) 

Jehu,  Richard,  Esq.,  21,  Cloudesley  Street,  Islington,  Loudon 
t Jones,  Charles,  Esq.,  Salop  Road,  Welshpool 
*t Jones,  Edward,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk,  Welshpool 
t Jones,  Edward  Maurice,  Esq.,  Westwood,  Welshpool 

Jones,  John,  Esq.,  Bellan  House,  Oswestry 


XVll 

•Jones,  John,  Esq.,  Staff  Commander,  R.N.,  F.R.G.S.,  Blue   Bell, 
near  Welshpool  (deceased) 
Jones,  John  Morgan  Edwards,  5,  Gloucester  Road,  Regent's  Park, 
London 
•tJJoues,  Morris  Charles,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  F.S.A.Scot.,  Gungrog,  Welsh- 
pool {Honorary  Secretary) 
tJJones,  Morris  Paterson,  Esq.,  7,  Holly  Road,  Fairfield,  Liverpool 
^ones,  Pryce,  Esq.,  Dolerw,  Newtown 
Jones,  Richard,  Esq.,  Machynlleth 
t Jones,  Richard  Edward,  Esq.,  Cefn  Bryntalch,  Abermule,  Mont. 

Jones,  T.  Parry,  Esq.,  Park  House,  Newtown 
^t Jones,  T.  Simpson,  Esq.,  M.A.,  6,  Stone  Buildings,  Lincoln's  Inn, 

and  Gungrog,  Welshpool 
*Jones,  William,  Esq.,  Mount  Pleasant,  Over,  Winsford 

Kynaston,  Rev.  W.  C.  E.,  M.A.,  Hardwicke  Hall,  Ellesmere 

JLondonderry,   The    Marquis    of,    K,P.,   Plas    Machynlleth   {Vice- 
President) 
•JLeighton,  Stanley,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Sweeney  Hall,  Oswestry 
tJLewis,  Rev.  David  PhiUips,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Llandrinio 

Lewis,  Lewis,  Esq.,  Newtown  Hall,  Newtown 
tLewis,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  Vicarage,  Ford,  Salop 
Lewis,  Samuel,  Esq.,  Holborn  Bars,  London 
Lewis,  Rev.  T.  Wolseley,  M.A.,  Garth  (Jarmon,  Cheltenham 
Liverpool  Free  Public  Library  (Peter  Cowell,  Esq.,  Chief  Librarian) 
•JLloyd,  J.  Y.  VV.,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Clochfaen,  Llauidloes 
Lloyd,  Henry,  Esq.,  Pentreheilin,  Llanymynech,  R.S.O.,  and  Dolo- 

bran,  Meifod 
•t Lloyd,  Howel   WUliam,   Esq.,   19,  Hogarth   Road,  South    Ken- 
sington, W. 
Lloyd,  Richard,  Esq.,  Dolforwyn  Hall,  Abermule 
Lloyd,  Mrs.  Richard  H.,  Tayles  Hill,  EweU,  Surrey 
t Lloyd,  Sampson  S.,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Fyne  Court,  Bromfield,  Bridgewater, 

and  Dolobran,  Meifod 
♦tJLloyd,  Rev.  W.   Valentine,  R.N.,  F.RG.S.,  Haselbech  Rectory, 

Northampton  {Hcmorary  Secretary) 
tLovell,  Mrs.  Pugh,  Llanerchydol,  Welshpool 

"fMatthews,  Rev.  Prebendary,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Llandisilio,  R.S.O. 

Mickleburgh,  John,  Esq.,  Montgomery 

Miller,  Samuel,  Esq.,  The  Court,  Abermule,  Montgomeryshire 
J  Morgan,  Charles,  Esq.,  College  House,  Bromley,  Kent 

Morgan,  David,  Esq.,  High  Street,  Welshpool 

Morgan,  Edward,  Esq.,  Machynlleth 

Morris,  E.  Rowley,  Esq.,  184,  Camden  Street,  London 
t  Morris,  Joseph  Pugh,  Esq.,  Red  holm,  Salop  Road,  Welshpool 

b 


xvm 

JMytton,  Devereui  Herbert,  Esq.,  Garth,  Welshpool 
Mytton,  Miss,  Severn  Street,  Welshpool 

Northumberland,  His  Grace  the  Duke  of,  Alnwick  Castle,  Northum- 
berland 
•tNewill,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Powis  Castle  Park,  Welshpool 
Nizon,  Edward,  Esq.,  Savile  House,  Methlej,  Leeds 

« 

Oswestry  and  Welshpool  Naturalist  Field  Club  and  Archaeological 

Society  (Rev.  0.  W.  Fielden,  Frankton  Rectory,  Oswestry,  Sec) 

fOwen,  Arthur  Charles  Humphreys,  Glansevern,  Garthrayl,  Mont. 

tOwen,  D.  C.  Lloyd,  Esq.,  F.R.C.S.,  51,  Newhall  Street,  and  Pen- 

bryn,  Rotton  Park  Road,  Edgbaston,  Birmingham 
to  wen,  David  Pryce,  Esq.,  Broad  Street,  Welshpool 
*t0wen,  Rev.  Elias,  M  A.,  Efenechtyd  Rectory,  Ruthin 
tOwen,  Rev.  R.  Trevor,  M.A.,  Vicarage,  Llangedwyn 

Owen,  Rev.  Thomas,  Ketley,  Wellington,  Salop 
•tOwen,  T.  Morgan,  Esq.,  M.  A.,  H.M.  Inspector  of  Schools,  Bronwylfa, 
Rhyl 

•tJPowis,  The  Earl  of,  Powis  Castle,  Welshpool  (President) 
t  jParker,  Rev.  F.  W.,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Montgomery 
tJParker,  W.  T.,  Esq.,  Salop  Road,  Welshpool 
tParry,  Francis,  Esq.,  F.R.G.S.,  Parkfields,  Carshalton,  Surrey 
jParry,  Love  Jones,  Esq.,  M.P.,  F.S.A.,  Madryn  Castle,  Pwllheli 
:{:Perrott,  Robert  Simcocks,  Esq.,  Bronhyddon,  Llansantffraid 

Phillimore,  E.  G.  B.,  Esq.,  Oldhouse,  Hammersmith  Road,  Lon- 
don, W. 

Powell,  Evan,  Esq.,  Broomcliffe,  Llanidloes 
tJPowell,  Samuel,  Esq.,  Ivy  House,  Welshpool 

Powys,  Bransby  William,  Esq.,  1,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  London 
tPritchard,  W.  E.  Gilbertson,  Esq.,  Ceniarth,  Machynlleth 

Price,  Mrs.,  Marrington  Hall,  Chirbury,  Salop 
JPryce,  Mrs.  Gunley,  Chirbury,  Shropshire 
t Pryce,  Edward   S.  Mostyu,  Esq.,  The  Lions,  Branksome  Woods, 

Bournemouth 
t JPryce,  Elijah,  Esq.,  Trederwen  House,  Llansantffraid,  Oswestry 
tPryce,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Whitehall,  Batavia 

Pryce,  Thomas   Edward,  Esq.,  Architect,  9,  Argyll   Street,  Lon- 
don, W. 
fPryce,  Robert  Davies,  Esq.,  Cyflfronydd,  Welshpool 
♦Pugh,  Wm.  Buckley,  Esq.,  Dolfor  Hall,  Kerry,  and  Patrington,  Hull 

Pugh,  Thomas,  Esq.,  The  Berkshire,  8th  Avenue,  and  124th  Street, 
New  York,  U.S.A. 

fRead,  Offley  Malcolm  Crewe,  Esq.,  Llandinam  Hall,  Llanidloes,  and 
75,  Barrington  House,  Southsea  (deceased) 
Rendel,  Stuart,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Plus  Dinam,  Llanidloes,  and  16,  Palace 
Gardens,  London 


ZIX 

fRichards,  Thomas,  Esq.,  47,  Holland  Road,  Kensingtoo,  London 

Roberts,  David,  Esq.,  53,  Willow  Street,  Oswestry 
tRol>ert8,  Rev.  Richard,  M.A.,  Vicarage,  Amlwch,  Anglesea 

Roberts,  Rev.  Robert  Jones,  M.A.,  Buttington  Vicarage,  Welshpool 

Robinson,  E.  F.,  Esq.,  M.B.,  Park  Lane,  Welshpool 

Robinson,  George  R,  Esq.,  Cardiff 

Ruck,  Mrs ,  PantUudw,  Machynlleth 
fRutter,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Church  Bank,  Welshpool 

St.  Asaph,  The  Bishop  of.  The  Palace,  St.  Asaph  (Vtce-PrMident) 

Sudeley,  The  Lord,  Toddington,  Gloucestershire  (  Vice -President) 

Salt,  George  Moultrie,  Esq.,  Quarry  Place,  Salop 

Salisbury,  Rev.  E.  E.  Bay  lee,  B.D.,  Winceby  Rectory,  Homcastle, 
Lincolnshire 

Salusbury,  Rev.  George  Augustus,  M.  A,  Westbury  Rectory,  Salop 
•Sandford,  Rev.  George,  M.A.,  Ecclesall  Vicarage,  Shefl&eld 

Savin,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Oswestry 

Sladen,  Rev.  E.  H.  Mainwaring,  M.A.,  The  Gore,  Bournemouth 

Slaughter,  Rev.  Edward,  St.  Mary's,  Old  Bidston  Road,  Birkenhead 
tSmitb,  J.  Russell,  Esq.,  36,  Soho  Square,  London 

Sotheran,  Henry,  Esq.,  136,  Strand,  London 

Sowerby,  Thomas,  Esq.,  M.RC.S.,  Welshpool 

Squires,  Mrs.,  Fairfield,  Clevedon,  Somersetshire 

Storey,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Westfield,  Lancaster 
tJSturkey,  Thomas,  Esq.,  Newtown 

fSwettenham,  William  Norman,  Esq.,  M.RInstC.E.,  County  Sur- 
veyor, Newtown,  Mont. 

Swithinbank,  George  Edwin,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  Ormleigh,  Mowbray  Road, 
Upper  Norwood,  London,  S.E. 

Temple,  Rev.  R.,  M.A.,  Llwynygroes,  Llanymynech,  RS.O. 
•tThomas,  Rev.  Canon  D.  R.,  M.A.,  Vicarage,  Meifod,  Welshpool 
Tracy,  The  Hon.  Frederick  Hanbury,  M.P.,  Gregynog,  Montgomery- 
shire 
Trinity  College  Library,  Cambridge  (Rev.  R.  Sinker,  M.A.,  Librarian) 
tTudor,  Owen  Davies,  Esq.,  2,  Collingham  Road,  South  Kensington, 
London 
Twentyman,   Llewelyn    Howell,   Esq.,   Castlecroft,   near  Wolver- 
hampton 

tJVaughan,  Mrs.,  Brookside,  Welshpool 
Vemey,  G.  H.,  Esq.,  The  Cedars,  Esher,  Surrey 

tWynn,  Sir  Watkin  Williams,  Bart.,  M.P.,  Wynnstay,  Ruabon  (  Vice- 
President) 
*tt Walker,  David,  Esq.,  Architect,  11,  Dale  Street,  Liverpool 
Westworth,  Robert,  Esq.,  31,  King  Street,  Liverpool 
ttWilding,  William,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk,  Montgomery 

b2 


XX 

Williams,  Edward,  Esq.,  Broome  Hall,  Oswestry ' 

Williams,  E.  W.  Colt,  Esq.,  H.M.  Inspector  of  Schools,  The  Gate 
House,  Hereford 
JWilliams,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Newtown 
♦Williams,  Rev.  Canon  Robert,  M.A.,  Rectory,  Llanfyllin 
*t  J  Williams,  Richard,  Esq.,  Celynog,  Newtown  {Hon,  Secretary) 
♦Williams,  Stephen  W.,  Esq.,  Penralley,  Rhayader 
tWilliames,  Rees  Buckley,  Esq.,  Pennant,  Garthmyl,  Mont. 

Willings,  Edward  S.,  Kaaterskill,  Greene  County,  New  York,  U.S.A. 
tJWinder,  Major  Corbett,  Vaynor  Park,  Berriew,  Montgomeryshire 

Withy,  William,  Esq.,  Severn  Street,  Welshpool 

Woods,  Sir  Albert  W.,   Garter  King  of  ArTns,  College  of  Arms, 
London,  E.C. 

Wright,  Philip,  Esq.,  Mellington  Hall,  Churchstoke,  Montgomery 
t$Wynn,  Charles  Watkin  Williams,  Esq.,  Coed-y-Maen,  Welshpool 

Wynne,  W.  R,  M.,  Esq.,  Peniarth,  Towyn 


After  Ist  October  1884. 
t Evans,  Mrs.,  Bryn  Issa,  Pershore 


ANNUAL    MEETING   OF    THE   POWYS-LAND 

CLUB. 


Thb  Eabl  op  Powis  presided  on  Friday,  October  10th,  at  the 
Sev^enteenth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Powys-land  Club,  which 
was  held  in  the  Museum^  Welshpool.  Among  those  present 
were: — The  Hon.  Mrs.  R.  C.  Herbert,  the  Misses  Herbert, Hugh 
Montgomery,  Esq.,  E.  Calvert^  Esq.,  Q.C.,  Miss  Mytton,  Miss 
B.  Harrison,  A.  G.  Hamphreys-Owen,  Esq.,  and  Mrs.  Owen,  A. 
Howell,  Esq.,  and  Mrs.  Howell,  the  Rev.  A.  Field,  W.T.  Parker, 
Esq.,  and  Mrs.  Parker,  W.  Wilding,  Esq.,  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Hill, 
Misses  Hill,  W.  Withy,  Esq.,  T.  Withy,  Esq.,  P.  A.  Beck,  Esq., 
Treasurer,  Miss  Ramage,  Misses  Jones,  Gangrog,  T.  Simpson 
Jones,  Esq.,  Dr.  Barrett,  Dr.  Robinson,  Rev.  R  J.  Roberts, 
Battington  Vicarage,  R.  Hurst,  Esq.,  W.  Fisher,  Esq.,  Misses 
Baines,  Miss  Corrie,  Miss  Giovanette,  the  Rev.  C.  J.  Wilding, 
Captain  Westby,  Mrs.  E.  M.  Jones,  Chas.  Jones,  Esq.,  George 
Harrison,  Esq.,  Mrs.  Lovell,  Miss  Johnson,  Mrs.  Scobel, 
Edward  Jones,  Esq.,  Mrs.  and  Miss  Jones,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Copnall,  Mr.  0.  Cortissos,  and  Morris  C.  Jones,  F.S.A., 
Honorary  Secretary. 

The  Secretary  had  received  letters  from  the  following  gen- 
tlemen, regretting  their  inability  to  attend  the  meeting : — 
C.  W.  W.  Wynn,  Esq.,  Stuart  Rendel,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Captain 
Mytton,  the  Rev.  D.  Phillips  Lewis,  R.  Williams,  Esq.;  and 
Samuel  Miller,  Esq.     Mr.  Miller  wrote  : — 

'<  I  am  mnch  disappointed  at  not  being  able  to  attend  the  annaal  meeting. 
I  should  have  been  vei^  pleased  to  have  giv^en  my  ppinion  on  Agricultural 
Education.  I  feel  satisfied  that  agriculturists  are  labouring  under  a  very 
fpneat  disadvantage  in  not  knowing  what  the  soil  on  their  farms  requires  to 
induce  it  to  yield  the  crop ;  often,  I  have  no  doubt,  adding  what  is  not  ' 
required,  or  otherwise^  I  have  often  made  the  remark  that  farmers  have 
to  work  blindfolded." 

ANNUAL  REPORT  TO  THE  POWYS-LAND  CLUB, 

October  1884. 

The  Committee,  in  presenting  their  annual  report,  have  pleasure 
in  stating  that  the  number  of  members  has  been  well  maintained. 
There  have  been  five  deaths,  viz.,  Henry  Davies,  Esq.,  John  Hilditch 


XXll 


The  PowyS'land  Club  in  account  with  Peter  Arthur  Beck,  Esq., 

and  ending 

To  Cash  paid  as  follows : — 
,,  Messrs.    Whiting  and  Co.,   Limited,  for  Printing 

Report  of  meeting  and  Supplementary  Part        .    £21     3     8 

„  Ditto  for  Printing  Part  XXXII  .  .641511 

„  Ditto  for  Printing  Part  XXXIII       .  .  .       60  17     9 

„  Paid  for  Wood  Engraving  and  Lithographic  Illus- 
trations .  .  .  .  .  .       22     4    0 

„  Paid  for  Postage  of  Report  and  Parts  XXXII  and 
XXXIII  to  Members ;  also  of  back  Parts  to  New 
Members;  Postage  of  Circulars,  collecting  Sub- 
scriptions, and  acknowledging  same,Reporter,etc. 

„  Amount  ordered  to  be  paid  to  Museum  Building  Fund 

,,  Balance  carried  down  .... 


12  19 

1 

42    0 

0 

48    9 

7 

£272  10     0 


XXIU 


Son,  Treasurer,  for  the  year  commencing  lat  October  1883, 
30th  September  1884 

By  Balance  in  hand       .  .  .  .  £67     4     6 

,,  Cash  received  from  Subacriptions  as  follows : — 

10  Subscriptions  from   Original  Members  at  10«.  6d, 

each  .  .  .  .550 

Special: — 
HI  Subscriptions  from  ordinary  Members   at  £1  l«. 

each US    1     0 

1  The  Earl  of  Powis .  .550 

Arrears  received     .  .       12  12     0 

Subscriptions  of  next  year  received  in  advance  from 

Members  .  .         6  16     6 

8  Members  who  last  year,  or  previously,  paid  this 
year's  Subscription  in  advance. 

12  Members,  in  arrear,  amounting  (besides  bad  debts) 
to  £19  Ss,  6d 


172  Number  on  List  of  Members  on  30th  Sept.  1884. 

Cash  received  for  books  sold  .  .  .       27     6     0 


£272  10    0 


1884,  October.     By  balance  in  hand  brought  down       .    £48    9     7 


XXIV 

Evans,  Esq.,  Colonel  John  Pryce  Harrison,  Commander  John  Jones, 
RN.,  and  Captain  0.  M.  Crewe-Read,  R.N.  (one  of  the  Council),  and 
four  have  resigned  their  membership ;  on  the  other  hand,  fourteen 
new  members  have  joined  the  Club.  It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  notice 
that  one  of  the  new  members — a  gentleman  resident  in  Philadelphia, 
U.S.A. — has  taken  a  complete  set  of  the  Transactions,  by  paying  the 
back  subscriptions. 

The  finances  are  in  a  satisfactory  state,  the  Treasurer  having  a 
balance  of  £48  9«.  7c?.  in  hand  after  defraying  all  liabilities  up  to 
the  1st  October  last.  The  contents  of  the  Museum  have  received  con- 
siderable additions,  and  have  been  re-arranged.  The  geological  speci- 
mens have  been  systematically  arranged  by  Mr.  J.  Bickerton  Morgan  ; 
and  having  had  some  accessions  of  local  fossils  from  him,  Mr. 
W.  G.  Duke,  Mr.  James  Williams,  and  others,  now  form  a  collection 
useful  and  instructive. 

Through  the  iustrumentality  of  the  President,  the  claims  of  the 
Club  to  participate  in  the  proposed  distribution  of  the  surplus  stock 
of  the  Record  Publications  has  been  favourably  received,  and  it  only 
remains  for  the  formal  consent  of  the  Treasury  to  be  obtained  before 
the  distribution  is  made. 

The  project  of  re-printing,  as  part  of  the  publications  of  the  Club, 
the  Montgomeryshire  Pedigrees  contained  in  Lewys  Dwnn's  Heraldic 
Visitations  of  Wales^  will,  it  is  hoped,  meet  with  approval. 

There  is  a  vacancy  in  the  Council,  caused  by  the  lamented  death 
of  Captain  0.  M.  Crewe-Read,  which  it  is  proposed  to  fill  by  the 
appointment  of  the  Rev.  Elias  Owen,  M.A.,  Efenechtyd  Rectory, 
Ruthin. 

The  Committee  have  the  satisfaction  of  calling  the  attention  of  the 
members  of  the  Club  to  the  great  improvement  effected  by  the  com- 
pletion of  the  recent  enlargement  of  the  building.  This  not  only 
affords  considerable  additional  wall  space  for  purposes  of  exhibition, 
but  enables  accommodation  to  be  given  to  the  various  art  classes 
which  have  been  formed  under  the  Science  and  Art  Department, 
and  places  within  the  reach  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and 
neighbourhood  means  of  instruction,  which  are  of  great  importance 
in  various  professions,  and  which  they  formerly  had  no  means  of 
acquiring. 

The  Treasurer,  Mr.  P.  A.  Beck,  read  his  financial  statement 
(printed  on  pp.  xxii  and  xxiii). 

The  President  then  said :  I  will  now  move  **  That  the  report  now 
read  be  printed  and  circulated,  and  that  the  Rev.  Elias  Owen  be 
appointed  a  member  of  the  Council  in  the  place  of  Captain  Crewe- 
Read,  deceased."  1  am  happy  to  say  that  the  new  buildings  are  now 
completed,  and  to  call  your  attention  to  the  last  paragraph  in  the 
report,  which  shows  that  they  have  been  turned  to  other  uses  than 
those  of  the  Museum.  The  drawing-classes  which  have  been  held 
in  them  for  some  time  will  now  have  very  ample  accommodation. 


XXV 

It  is  a  great  accommodation  to  have  olaflses  with  duly  qualified 
instructors  coming  to  the  town,  so  that  those  who  are  living  in  the 
neighbourhood, some  in  the  afternoon  and  some  in  the  evening,  accord- 
ing to  their  convenience,  may  be  able  to  get  scientific  instruction 
in  the  rudiments  of  drawing.  A  considerable  number  of  prizes  will 
be  distributed  to-day,*  which  have  been  earned  from  the  Science  and 
Art  Department  There  are  several  candidates,  and  some  of  them 
live  at  a  distance  from  the  town,  which  shows  that  the  classes  are 
convenient  for  the  country  as  well  as  for  the  town.  I  may  mention  that 
the  free-hand  drawing  is  a  subject  which  it  has  been  found  is  useful 
for  candidates  going  up  for  commissions;  it  entitles  to  a  certain 
number  of  marks,  besides  being  of  use  to  them  afterwards  when  they 
have  to  undertake  military  drawing  or  sketching  for  strategetio  pur- 
poses about  the  country.  It  is  also  intended ,  if  sufficient  support  is 
received,  to  get  a  lecturer  on  agriculture  in  connection  with  the 
Science  and  Art  Department,  which  may  enable  people  who  attend 
his  courses  to  get  a  certificate  of  proficiency.  These  courses  have 
been  increased  very  much  in  different  parts  of  the  country  during 
the  last  two  or  three  years,  and  I  have  no  doubt  they  will  be  very 
useful  for  many  of  the  young  farmers'  sons  who  are  able  to  attend, 
and  who  will  find  themselves  within  reach  of  them.  I  hope  next  year  we 
shall  find  that  those  classes  have  been  permanently  established.  I 
must  notice  that  in  the  present  term  the  numbers  attending  the 
drawing-classes  have  been  smaller  than  they  were  this  time  last  year. 
I  do  not  know  if  that  is  due  to  any  accidental  circumstances,  but  I 
think  the  number  of  prizes  we  shall  have  to  distribute  will  encourage 
others  to  come  in  and  fill  them  up  to  their  last  standard.  I^he  numbers 
for  1883  were  considerably  in  advance  of  those  in  1882. 

Mr.  A.  C.  HuMPHRKYs-OwKN  said :  I  have  great  pleasure  in 
seconding  the  motion  which  has  been  proposed  by  Lord  Powis, 
and  I  look  with  particular  pleasure  at  the  part  of  the  report  which 
mentions  the  intention  of  opening  classes  for  the  study  of  agriculture. 
I  think  that,  in  the  present  condition  of  farming,  with  the  changes 
which,  in  consequence  of  the  ^eater  rapidity  of  communication  with 
foreign  countries,  are  coming  upon  agriculture,  it  is  highly  desirable 
that  farmers  should  be  possessed  of  the  latest  knowledge,  so  far 
as  they  can,  in  the  practice  of  their  art.  Of  course  it  must  be  borne 
in  mind  that  we  cannot  attempt,  and  it  would  be  a  mistake  to 
attempt,  to  give  them  anything  like  a  complete  scientific  education. 
Agriculture  is  an  art,  not  a  science ;  but  like  every  other  art  it  requires 
for  its  perfect  practice  a  certain  knowledge  of  the  sciences.  Hitherto, 
farmers  have  been  much  deterred  from  any  attempt  at  combining 
science  with  practice  by  the  mistakes  of  theoretical  farmers ;  they 
have  seen  that  very  high  farming  has  not  paid  ;  but  though  that  is 
unquestionably  the  case,  it  is  equally  certain  that  a  sound  elementary 
knowledge  of  the  sciences  of  chemistry,  botany,  and  possibly  of  biology, 
will  be  of  the  very  greatest  assistance  to  the  farmers  in  dealing 
with  the  new  conditions  they  have  now  to  meet.  To  take  a  simple 
instance  of  what  I  mean,  I  may  refer  to  the  great  difficulty  which 


XXVI 

fanners  have  in  purchasing  artificial  manures.  Scarcely  a  quarter 
passes  without  a  report  from  Dr.  Voelcker,  the  Analyst  to  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society,  on  artificial  manures  submitted  to  them,  to  the 
effect  that  they  are  adulterated,  and  that  manures,  which  are  sold  in 
the  market  to  unsuspecting  farmers  at  sums  varying  from  six  to  nine 
pounds  a  ton*,  are  worth,  in  many  cases,  less  than  one  half  or  one 
quarter  of  that  amount  I  do  not  suppose  that  we  shall  aim  at 
enabling  farmers  to  analyse  their  manure,  but  we  shall  aim  at  giving 
them  an  elementary  knowledge  which  will  enable  them  to  know  to 
whom  to  go  for  information  and  help  in  such  cases,  and  how  to  profit 
by  the  information  when  it  is  given.  Similarly,  take  dairying. 
Dairying  in  Montgomeryshire  must  always  be  a  most  important 
branch  of  farming.  At  present,  my  experience  of  butter,  and  espe- 
cially of  fresh  butter,  in  Montgomeryshire,  is  that  it  is  by  no  means 
up  to  the  mark.  I  think  most  people  know  that  brewing  is  carried 
on  with  the  utmost  accuracy  and  delicacy  of  manipulation  in  all  large 
breweries.  Butter-making  and  cheese-making  require  an  equal 
amount  of  accuracy  and  delicacy ;  but  I  am  afraid  they  are  by  no 
means  practised  now,  and  I  do  not  know  of  anything  more  likely  to 
induce  farmers  and  farmers'  wives  to  mend  their  ways  in  that  respect 
than  some  elementary  instruction  on  the  chemical  facts  connected 
with  the  making  of  butter  and  cheese.  For  these  reasons,  I  hope  that 
the  classes  which  our  indefatigable  Honorary  Secretary  is  about  to 
establish  will  be  numerously  attended,  and  that  they  will  produce  all 
the  good  we  should  anticipate  from  them.  I  have  great  pleasure  in 
seconding  the  motion. 

The  motion  was  unanimously  adopted. 

The  President  then  called  upon  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Hill  to  read, 
the  Report  of  the  School  of  Art  Committee^  which  was  as 
follows  : — 

Report  op  the  School  op  Art  Committee. 

The  Art  Classes  entered  into  possession  of  the  New  School  of  Art 
in  November  last,  and  have  been  carried  on  with  much  convenience 
and  considerable  success. 

The  attendance  at  the  Classes,  and  the  fees  received,  have  been  as 
follows : — 


Ist  quarter,  ending  14  Dec. 

1883. 
2nd  quarter,  ending  21  March 

1884. 
Srd  quarter,  ending  30  May 

1884. 
4th  quarter,  ending  8  Aagust 

1884. 

Day  Olasb. 
Attendance.        Pees. 

...     14     ...^11  17 
...     19     ...     16    9 
...     22     ...     18  14 
...     11     ...       7    8 

0 
0 
6 
6 

EvsFH 
Attendanc 

...     81     , 
...     24    . 
...     28     , 
...     20     . 

e.       Fees. 
...£6  15 

...    6    0 

...    6  18 

..    4  12 

0 
0 
6 
6 

54    8 

0 

23    0 
54    8 

0 
0 

aB77    8 

0 

ZXYU 

Examinations. — On  the  7th  and  8th  May  last  examinations  were 
held  of  the  Classes  by  the  Science  and  Art  Department,  South  Kensing- 
ton^ when  the  following  members  offered  themselves  for  examination 
(including  two  external  pupils) : — 

For  Model  Drawing 12 

For  Freehand  Drawing  .        .         .21 

For  Geometrical  Drawing    ....       6 
For  Perspective  Drawing     ....       5 

The  following  prizes  and  certificates  were  awarded  by  the  De- 
partment:— 

Prized. — In  all,  four  prizes — three  to  members  of  the  evening  class, 
and  one  to  an  external  pupil : — 

Reginald  M.  Copnall,  Perspective,  second  grade,  box  of  mathema- 
tical instrumenta 

Joseph  H.  Davies,  Geometry,  second  grade,  Redgrave's  Manual  of 

Elizabeth  S.  Williams,  Model,  second  grade,  box  of  water-colours. 

Emily  J.  P.  Jones  (external  pupil).  Perspective,  second  grade,  box 
of  water-colours. 

Certificates. — In  all,  seventeen  certificates  were  gained,  which  is  a 
great  advance  on  last  year,  when  six  were  obtained.  In  the  Advanced 
Section  one  certificate,  which  being  marked  excellent,  also  gained  a 
prize.  In  the  Elementary  Section  five  certificates  by  the  afternoon  class, 
and  twelve  certificates  by  nine  students  of  the  evening  class  \  one 
student,  Reginald  Copnall,  receiving  three  certificates  and  a  prize, 
and  another  pupil,  W.  H.  Wainwright,  two  certificates.  In  Eiddition 
to  the  above,  one  external  pupil  obtained  two  certificates,  one  marked 
excellent  also  gaining  a  prize. 

Results  of  Work. — Thirty  students  of  the  evening  class  sub- 
mitted 229  sheets  of  work  to  the  Department,  viz.,  in  the  Advanced 
Section  two  students  submittecT  six  works,  and  obtained  ^ight  marks 
each,  and  in  the  Elementary  Section  twenty-eight  students  submitted 
223  sheets,  and  obtained  an  aggregate  of  eighty-eight  marks. 

Science  Examinations. — Special  examinations  were  held  with  the 
sanction  of  the  Department  for  the  examination  of  two  students  in 
science  subjects  on  the  10th  and  1 9th  May  last,  viz.,  Reginald  M. 
Copnall  (a  member  of  the  evening  class),  who  was  examined  in 
'*  BuQding  Construction*',  and  obtained  a  second-class  success  in  E 
Stage ;  and  Joseph  Bickerton  Morgan  (an  external  student),  who  was 
examined  in  ''Geology,  Advanced  Section'',  and  obtained  a  second-class 
success  in  A  Stage. 

Income  of  the  School.—  The  income  of  the  school  from  fees  has 
been  £77  8«.,  and  from  results  XI 6  8«.;  total  income,  X93  16«. 
The  Committee  have  claimed  for  the  pupil  teacher  £15,  and  for 
keeping  register  XI 0.  But  the  Department  have  not  yet  communi- 
cated their  admission  of  the  claim. 

Concert. — The  Art  Students  held  an  amateur  concert,  for  the 
purpose  of  raising  funds  for  the  furnishing  and  decorating  of  the  School 


XXVlll 

of  Art.  It  realized  the  net  sum  of  £17  5«.  Sd.,  which  has  enabled 
the  Committee  to  supply  all  needful  fiiruiture  and  some  good  art 
examples.* 

Carving  Class  and  Art  Needle  Class. — The  project  mentioned 
in  the  last  year's  report  of  forming  a  Wood  Carving  Class  and  an 
Art  Needle  Class,  has  not  been  persevered  in,  the  Department  stating 
those  subjects  were  not  within  the- course  of  instruction  of  the  Art 
Directory,  and  the  Department  could  not  supply  examples  for  the 
use  of  the  students.  Nevertheless,  it  would  be  practicable  to  estab- 
lish an  Art  Needle  Class  if  an  adequate  number  of  ladies  would 
promise  to  join  it. 

Agricultural  Class. — Mr.  John  Fewtrell,  who  is  a  duly  qualified 
teacher  of  "  The  Principles  of  Agriculture",  having  taken  a  first- 
class  certificate,  offered  to  conduct  a  class  on  that  subject  if  the 
Committee  would  consent  to  hold  one.  The  Committee,  considering 
the  subject  a  most  important  one,  have  accepted  this  offer,  and 
have  obtained  the  sanction  of  the  Department  to  the  establishment 
of  the  class  in  connection  with  the  Science  Department ;  and  the 
class  will  commence  on  Wednesday,  the  15th  of  October  instant,  and 
be  held  on  Wednesday  evening  in  each  week  from  that  day  to  the  6th 
of  May,  until  at  least  the  prescribed  number  of  twenty^ight  lessons 
are  given.  The  members  of  the  Powys-land  Club  have  been  alreetdy 
invited  to  lend  their  assistance,  by  exerting  any  influence  they  may 
possess  upon  the  persons  for  whom  the  class  is  intended.  The 
Department  define  such  persons  to  be  those  "who  are,  or  are  about 
to  be,  employed  in  agricultural  pursuits,  or  who  shall  intend  to 
'  become  teachers  of  science  subjects".  The  Committee  trust  the  class 
will  receive  the  approval  of  the  Powys-land  Club  and  the  public 
generally,  and  that  their  support  may  have  the  effect  of  encouraging 
the  msister  and  the  Committee  in  the  prosecution  of  this  important 
experiment. 

The  Committee  congratulate  the  Club  on  the  prosperous  state  of 
the  school 

The  President  then  distributed  the  prizes  and  certificates  as 
follows:— A  prize  and  four  certificates  to  Reginald  M.  Copnall; 
a  prize  and  one  certificate  to  Mr.  Joseph  Henry  Davies ;  a 
prize  and  one  certificate  to  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Williams;  a 
prize  and  two  certificates  to  Miss  Emily  Jones,  Newtown. 
.Certificates  for  Freehand  Drawing :— Miss  Edith  Baines, 
Berriew  Vicarage,  Miss  Field,  Pool  Quay  Vicarage,  Mr.  G, 
Kenneth  Green,  Castle  Rectory,  Miss  Alice  Hill,  Welshpool 
Vicarage,  Miss  Mary  Jane  Davies,  Mr.  Thomas  Davies,  Mr. 
Edward  Henry  Farr,  Mr.  John  Owen  Roberts,  and  Mr.  Arthur 
Henry  Wainwright.  Certificates  for  Model  Drawing: — Miss 
Ella  Hill,  Welshpool  Vicarage,  and  Mr.  Arthur  Henry  Wain* 
Wright.     Certificate  for  Geology : — Mr.  J.  Bickerton  Morgan. 


ZZIX 

At  the  close  of  the  distribution  the  Presidiekt  said  :  This  ooncludes 
the  business  of  the  meeting,  and  I  think  yon  will  all  be  very  well 
satisfied  with  the  list  of  honours  which  have  been  distributed. 

The  Rev.  J.  E.  Hill,  in  moving  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Morris 
Jones,  for  the  great  pains  and  attention  he  had  given  to  the  concerns 
of  the  Society  during  the  past  year,  said  :  I  have  been  asked  to  pro- 
pose a  vote  of  thanks,  in  which  I  am  sure  every  member  of  the 
Powys-land  Club  will  heartily  join,  to  our  Secretary,  Mr.  Morris 
Jones.  There  is  no  member  of  this  Club  but  must  be  aware  of 
the  great  extent  to  which  we  are  indebted  to  that  gentleman,  not 
only  for  the  first  conception  of  this  Club,  but  for  his  great  labour  in 
securing  these  buildings,  and  filling  them  as  he  has  with  objects  of 
interest  from  various  parts,  and  especially  with  those  belonging  to 
this  county  and  to  the  Principality,  and  also  in  maintaining  it  for  so 
many  years.  I  am  sure  there  are  none  of  us  who  do  not  feel 
that  were  it  not  for  Mr.  Morris  Jones's  untiring  exertions,  this  Club 
could  not  continue  in  its  present  successful  position.  I  think  I  may 
venture  to  ask  you  especially  to  thank  him  for  the  great  pains  and 
trouble  he  has  taken  with  reference  to  the  School  of  Art,  which  has 
been  established  here  mainly  through  his  exertions.  The  work  of 
this  Institution  has  given  him  a  great  deal  more  trouble  than  any 
person  not  acquainted  with  it  would  be  aware  of.  A  very  large 
amount  of  correspondence,  and  a  great  many  details,  have  to  be 
attended  to  in  connection  with  it.  We  are  also,  I  think,  very  much 
indebted  to  Mr.  Morris  Jones  for  the  new  move  be  is  making  with 
reference  to  the  teaching  of  agriculture ;  and  I  do  hope  that  all  the 
members  of  the  Club  will  respond  to  the  invitation  given  to  them  in 
the  Report,  to  use  their  influence,  as  far  as  possible,  in  obtaining 
students  for  this  class.  I  trust  that  when  we  meet  another  year  we 
may  be  able  to  congratulate  Mr.  Morris  Jones  upon  the  success  of 
this  portion  of  his  undertaking. 

Mr.  Beck  said :  I  have  much  pleasure  in  seconding  the  motion. 

It  was  then  pat  by  the  Chairman,  and  carried  unananimously. 

Mr.  Morris  C.  Jones  briefly  acknowledged  the  compliment  paid 
him. 

Mr.  A.  Howell  said :  I  am  quite  sure  we  shall  be  very  sorry  to  separate 
without  passing  another  vote — a  vote  of  thanks  to  Lord  Powis  for  his 
kindness  in  presiding  upon  the  present  occasion,  as  on  former  like 
occasions.  Nothing  I  can  say  can  add  to  your  sense  of  Lord  Powis's 
merit;  but  I  will  venture  to  observe,  in  his  lordship's  presence,  that  for 
the  last  thirty-eight  years,  the  period  during  which  he  has  been  called 
to  take  an  independent  position,  there  has  never  been,  to  my  knowledge, 
a  single  occasion  on  which  Lord  Powis  has  been  invited  to  support 
any  object  for  the  public  benefit  in  which  he  has  not  done  so  with  the 
utmost  readiness,  and  he  has  promoted  those  objects  by  personal 
devotion  as  well  as  by  pecuniary  help.  I  heartily  concur  in 
the  wishes  that  have  been  expressed  for  the  success  of  the  agricul- 


XXX 

tural  class  about  to  be  established.  I  do  not  profess  to  be  able  to  say 
much  upon  the  subject,  but  I  consider  the  time  has  now  come  when 
greater  attention  should  be  devoted  to  agricultural  knowledge. 
While  other  arts  and  sciences  are  systeipaticallj  taught,  it  is  not 
right  that  the  farmer  should  be  left  to  pick  up  his  knowledge  of 
agriculture  by  hap-hazard.  I  most  sincerely  hope  that  the  class  will 
be  well  attended,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  great  benefit  will  arise 
from  it. 

Mr.  W.  T.  Parker  said  :  It  is  unnecessaiy  for  me  to  make  any  re- 
marks in  seconding  the  resolution  which  has  been  ably  proposed  by 
Mr.  Howell.     I  do  so  with  very  great  pleasure. 

The  motion  was  carried  unanimpusly. 

The  President,  in  replying,  said  :  I  am  much  obliged  for  the  com- 
pliment you  have  been  good  enough  to  pay  me.  I  am  very  glad  to 
find  that  the  interest  taken  in  the  Society  is  not  abating,  and  that  its 
usefulness  is  extending. 

The  proceedings  then  terminated. 


XXXI 


CLASSIFIED  LIST  OF  ARTICLES 

PRESENTED,  BETWEEN  NOYEMBEB   1883   AND  NOVEMBER    1884, 

TO   THE    POWYS-LAND   MUSEUM   AND   LIBRARY,  WITH   THE 

NAMES   OF   THE   DONORS.* 

{Continued  from  '^  Mont  OolV\  vol.  xvi,|7.  xxxix.) 


Bronze,  etc.: — 

Procured  through  (34)  Rev.  Eliab  Owen  (1884), 
5.  A  Bronze  Celt  found  at  Bistre,  near  Mold. 

Presented  by  (402)  M.  A.  Gage,  C.K,  Rhuddlan. 
1.  Two  fragments  of  Sword  Blades. 

Four  pieces  of  Bronze,  possibly  Armour  or  Horse-trapping,  all 
found  in  the  parish  of  Cwm,  co.  Flint  (See  Mont  Coll,,  voL  xvii, 
p.  331. 

Presented  by  (403)  J.  Tilley-Hinafp  (1884). 

1.  Three  Leaden  Rings  found  at  Portrieux. 

Stone  : — 

Presented  by  (403)  J.  Tilley-Hinafp  (1884). 

2.  Three  Stone  Celts  found  at  Portrieux. 

Presented  by  (1)  Morris  C.  Jones  (1884). 
Two  Stone  Celts. 
Two  smaller  Celts. 
All  the  above  were  found  at  Portrieux,  C6tes  du  Nord,  France.) 

Presented  by  (34)  Rev.  Elias  Owen  (1884). 
7.  Six  specimens  of  facsimiles  of  Stone  Arrow-heads  found  at 
Trenton,  New  Jersey,  U.S. A. 

Pottery  : — 

Presented  by  (403)  J.  Tilley-Hinafp  (1884). 
Numerous  fragments  of  Ancient  Pottery,  found  at'  Portrieux, 
Cotes  du  Nord,  France. 

Presented  by  (194)  J.  Ceiriog  Hughes  (1884). 
2.  Ancient  Clay  Pipes  found  at  Caersws. 

Presented  by  (406)  J.  Reginald  James  (1884). 
1.  Two  ancient  Clay  Pipes  found  at  Wrexham. 

*  Each  donor's  same  has  a  large  number  prefixed,  and  each  of  his  dona- 
tions is  numbered  consecutlTely  with  a  small  number.  This  is  done  for  the 
future  identification  of  the  donations. 


XXXll 

Engraved  or  other  Portraits  of  Montgomeryshire  Worthies. 
Presented  by  (67)  tbe  Earl  of  Powis  (1884). 

12.  Engraved  portrait  of  Robert,  first  Lord  Olive,  painted  by 
N.  Dance,  engraved  by  Bartolozzi. 

13.  Engraved  portrait  of  Henrietta  Antonia,  Countess  of  Powis, 
by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds. 

14.  Engraved  portrait  of  Edward  Lord  Powis  (when  a  child),  by 
Gainsborough,  engraved  by  R.  Parkes. 

Manuscripts,  Engravings,  etc.  :— 

Presented  by  (114)  T.  B.  Barrett  (1884). 

121.  A  Turkish  Firman,  in  case. 

122.  Two  photos,  Menai  Tubular  Bridge  in  construction. 

123.  View  of  Liverpool  in  1680. 

Casts  : — 

Presented  by  (1)  Morris  C.  Jones  (1884). 
A  figure  of  the  Virgin. 

Coins  : — 

Presented  by  (6)  W.  Fisher  (1883). 
13.  Elizabeth,  groat ;  sixpence. 

Anne,  shilling,  1709;  sixpence,  1711 ;  groat,  1713. 
George  II,  shilling,   1723;   ditto,   1758;    ditto,  1758;  sixpence, 
1723;  ditto,  1757;  ditto,  1757;  ditto,  1758. 

George  III,  bank  token  1«.  6d ;  shilling,  1787;  bank  token, 
Irish,  1806;  sixpence,  1787;  ditto,  1787;  three-penny  piece,  1762  ; 
sixpence,  illegible  ;  bank  token,  Irish,  5d. ;  Coronation  medal,  1838. 

Presented  by  (392)  Richard  Bennett,  Hendre  Pennant,  Llanbryn- 

mair  (1883). 
1.  Copper  Medal  in  commemoration  of  the  taking  of  Portobello  in 
1 739,  by  Admiral  Vernon,  found  in  an  old  house  in  Llanbrynmair. 

Presented  by  (408)  W.  T.  Parker. 
Twenty-two  coins,  varioua 

Elizabeth,  threepenny  piece;  William  and  Mary,  threepenny  piece ; 
James  I,  ahilling  ;  Cnarlea  II,  half-crown ;  William  III,  shilling  j 
sixpence,  effaced;  German  coin;  silver  token,  1811;  Anne,  sixpence'; 
George  III  and  IV,  sixpence;  Anne,  groat;  silver  token;  token 
farthing,  Flintshire ;  copper  token ;  seven  copper  coina 

Books  by  Montgomeryshire  Authors  : — 

Presented  by  (18)  Richard  Williams  (1884). 
His  work,  "  Montgomeryshire  Worthies",  reprinted  from  MarU- 
gomeryshire  Collections, 

Other  Books  : — 

Presented  by  (114)  T.  B.  Barrett  (1884). 

124.  Selections  from  the  works  of  David  Scott  (Art  Union  of 
Glasgow). 

125.  The  Anatomy  of  the  Horse,  by  George  Stubb  (1853). 

126.  Ionian  Antiquities  (1769). 


XZZlll 

127.  Prints,  after  Raifael  and  Michael  Angelo,  for  Uvedale  Price, 
Esq.,  at  Foxley,  in  Herefordshire. 

"  This  collection  of  prints  is  remarkable  for  a  celebrated  hand,  p.  6, 
by  Michael  Angelo^  engraved  by  Count  Gailua."    (M9.  note  J 

Camden  Society's  Publications  : — 

128.  The  Egerton  Papers. 

129.  Autobiography  of  Sir  John  Bramston. 

130.  Letters  of  George  Lord  Carew. 
13L  The  Chronicle  of  Calais. 

132.  Plumpton  Correspondence. 

133.  Restoration  of  King  Edward  IV. 

134.  Warksworth  Correspondence. 

135.  Leyoester  Correspondence. 

136.  Miller's  Philosophy  of  History,  4  volumes. 

137.  Lodge's  Portraits,  8  volumes,  cabinet  edition. 

138.  Lavater's  Essay  on  Physiognomy,  3  volumes. 

139.  Sir  John  Ross's  Arctic  Expedition,  1829-33,  and  Appendix. 

140.  Description  des  M^dailles  et  des  Antiquit^s  du  Cabinet  de 
M.  TAbb^  Grepps. 

141.  Catalogue  of  the  fine  collection  of  Engravings  formed  by 
Rev.  J.  Burleigh,  M.A.,  1878. 

142.  Lingard's  History  of  England,  vol.  i,  1819. 

143.  Mudie's  Account  of  National  Medals,  1820. 

144.  The  Art  Journal,  9  vols.,  1846  to  1854,  both  inclusive,  and 
also  vol.  for  1862. 

145.  The  Art  Journal,  unbound,  for  1860, 1863,  1864,  1865,  1867, 
1868,  and  1872. 

146.  Journal,  Asia  Minor,  1824. 

147.  Michael  Angelo  and  Raffaelo,  by  C.  J.  Robinson,  1870. 

148.  Roscoe's  Life  of  Lorenzo  de  Medici,  vol.  i,  1797. 

149.  Illustrations  of  Warwickshire,  by  James  Jafiray,  1862,  fol. 

150.  Sceaux  des  Rois  et  Reines  d'Angleterre,  Paris,  1835,  foL 

151.  Sceaux  des  Rois  et  Reines  de  France,  fol. 

152.  Sceaux  des  Grands  Feudataires  de  la  Couronne  de  France, 
Paris,  1836,  fol. 

153.  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  1851  Exhibition,  Voter,  popu- 
lorum  et  Eegium  Numi  qui  Museo  Britannico  asservantur,  1814, 
fol. 

154.  Lewis's  Sketches  of  Spain  and  Spanish  Character,  1833-4, 
fol. 

155.  List  of  British  Animals  in  the  British  Museum,  part  i,  1848, 
8vo. 

156.  Catalogue  of  Physiological  Series  in  Royal  College  of  Surgeons, 
vol.  i,  1852,  8vo. 

157.  Catalogue  of  Brett  Collection,  illustrated,  1864,  8vo. 

158.  „  Vienna  Museum,  1860, 8vo. 


XXI  T 

Iv '.  •  k-il'T:!^  ori>tke'*  Cr?«ek  C.:i=s  in  Fm^iZiins  Museum. 

166.  >.>:Ǥ  fcri  Vieriea,  Gener^  Inici  to  Series  &\:ai  lSo6. 
Pre5^!:teihT(409)  A-x  5.    IrSl.. 

Presented  Yj  (404)  R  QrARErr.-^  (1SS4V 
L  Get^eral  CAt-Al>z^e,  part  :L  Xi-iril  Hi«t:»rT. 

^  ^  '  „     iii-  Pcrli.iiotil  Jjurnals. 

Pre?eT:r«l  by  (97)  Asxrr  R-'BERT^  *  1SS4). 
Bje^i.-es,  1SS2-3. ' 

Preser.te'l  bf  (407)  Epward  Wood  all  ^1SS4). 
1.  CharitfS  D.irw:n,  B::-^*jL:ca1  Sketch- 
Presented  by  (377)  British  MrsKriL 
CatjJc'g'ie  of  Birds,  T':L  is,  8to. 
„  Fossil  Si*-  -n^e*.  4 to. 

Presented  by  (380)  J.  E.  Pouxdlet. 
Two  old  Prayer  B»ks  and  Bible,  in  Welsh  and  English. 

Presented  by  (408)  A.  N.  Palmer.,  F.C.S. 
1.  His  work,  "The  To'-rn-ficld^  and  Folk  of  Wrexham  in  the  Time 
of  James  I." 

Presented  by  (410)  Rev.  W.  A.  LEiGHTi>x,  B.A.  (1884). 
1.  Hifl  work,  "The  Lichen-Flora  of  Shropshire." 

Presented  by  (411)  Francis  Parrt,  F.RG.S.  (1884). 
I.  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Society. 

Presented  by  (282)  W.  Highes  (1884). 
Salopian  "  Shreds  and  Patches",  toL  y. 

Presented  by  (134)  Stanley  Leightox  (1884). 
His  work,  "  Records  of  the  Corporation  of  Oswestry." 

Presented  by  (213)  J.  Y.  W.  Lloyd  (1884). 
3.  His  Work,  "  History  of  Powys  Fadog,''  vol.  iv. 

Presented  by  (133)  J.  J.  Howard,  LL.D.  (1884),  in  exchange 
Miscellanea  Genealogica  et  Heraldica,  1884. 

Presented  by  (222)   Tue   Cambrian*    Arch.eological   AsaociAXiON 

(1883). 
Arohieologia  Cambren^^is      4th  Ser.     Vol.  xiv. 


XXXV 

ARCHiSOLOGicAL  SOCIETIES*  TRANSACTIONS  received  ID  eicLange  for  the 
Powys-land  Club  Publications: — 

From  (278)  The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania  (1884). 
The  Pennsylvania  Magazine  of  History  and  Biography,  vols,  i  to  vi; 
and  voL  vii,  parts  3  and  4. 

From  (342)  Smithsonian  Institution  (1884). 
Smithsonian  Report,  1881  and  1882. 

From  (309)  The  Shropshire  Archsological  and  Natural  History 
Society  (1883). 
Vol.  vii,  parts  1,  2,  and  3« 

From  (46)  The  British  Ar(;il£Ological  Association  (1883). 
Journal.     Vol.  xxxix,  part  4;  and  vol.  xl,  part*  1,  2,  and  3. 

From  (293)  The  Cambridge  Antiquarian  Society  (1883). 
Supplement  to  vol.  v.    Analysis  of  Cambridgeshire  Doomsday. 
Memoir  of  Caleb  Pamham,  D.D. 

From  (72)  The  Yorkshire  Archaological  and  Topographical 

Society  (1883). 
Transactions.     Parts  30,  31,  and  32. 

From  (269)  The  Hon.  Society  op  Cymmrodorion  (1884). 
Y  Cymmrodor.     VoL  vi,  parts  2  and  3. 
The  Gododin  of  Aneurin  Gwawdrydd.     Part  4. 
Preliminary  Report  upon   the  use   of  the  Welsh   Language  in 
Elementary  Schools  in  Welsh-speaking  districts. 

From  (224)  The  Royal  ARCHiEOLOGiCAL  Institute  op  Great  Britain 
AND  Ireland  (1884). 
Transactions.     Nos.  159,  160,  161,  and  162. 

From  (298)  The  Leicester  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society 

(1883). 
Report  of  Council,  and  Transactions  for  years  1882-3. 

From  (73)  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland  (1884). 
Proceedings,  1882-3. 

From  .(290)  Worcester  Diocesan  Society. 
Reports  and  Papers,  1882-3. 

From  (297)  The  Wiltshire  Arch^ological  and  Natural  History 
Society  (1883). 
The  Magazine.     Nos.  60  and  61. 

From  (288)  The  Essex  Arch^ological  Society  (1884). 
Title,  Index,  and  Contents.     Vol.  ii.     New  Series. 

From  (336)  Kent  Arch^ological  Society  (1884). 
Archseologia  Cantiana.     Vol.  xv. 


XXXVl 

From  (226)  The  Berwickshire  Naturalists' Club  (1884). 
Transactions  for  1883. 

From  (286)  The  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Liver- 
pool (1884). 
Transactions.     Vol.  xxxiv. 

From  (289)  The  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall  (1884). 
Journal.     VoL  viii,  parts  1  and  2. 

From  (296)  The  Glasgow  Philosophical  Society  (1884). 
Proceedings.     Vols,  xiv  and  xv. 

From  (26)  The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London  (1884). 
Proceedings.     VoL  ix,  No.  3. 

From  (367)  The    Somersetshire    Archjsological  and   Natural 
History  Society  (1884). 
Proceedings  during  1881.     Vol.  ix. 

From  (406)  The  Society  of  Antiquaries  op  Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

(1884). 
ArchsBologia  iEliana.       2  vols.  4to.      3  and  4. 

„  „  9  vols.  8vo.     1  to  9  inclusive. 

„  „  Vol  X,  part  1. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Donors  of  Articles  and  Books  to 
the  Powys-land  Museum  and  Libi{ary. 

From  October  1883  to  October  1884. 


Anon.,  409. 
Bennet,  R.,  392. 
Duke,  W.  G.,  401. 
Gage,  M.  A.,  402. 
Hinaff,  J.  Tillej,  403. 
James,  J.  Reginald,  405. 
Leighton,  Rev.  W.  A.,  410. 
Morgan,  J.  Bickerton,  412. 


Newcastle  -  upon  •  Tyne,  The 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of, 
406. 

Palmer,  A.  N.,  408. 

Parker,  W.  T.,  389. 

Parry,  Francis,  411. 

Quarritch,  B.,  404. 

Woodall,  E.,  407. 


xxxvu 


EEPOET    OF   THE  POWYS-LAND   MUSEUM   AND 
LIBRARY  COMMITTEE. 

The  Visitors  to  the  Museum,  who  have  observed  the  rule  of  entering 
their  names  in  the  Visitor's  Book,  number  369,  of  whom  110  have 
paid  the  admission  fee. 

The  balance  at  the  beginning  of  the  year  was  XI  12     1 

Admission  fees 17     6 

£2  19     7 
The  expenditure — Income-tax,  15/5  ;  cleaning,  7/6  ; 

brooms,  etc.,  5/6 £18     5 


Balance £1  11     2 


The  New  School  and  Gallery  of  Art  have  been  completed,  and  the 
Appendix  to  this  Report  contains  a  statement  of  the  receipts  and  pay- 
ments on  account  of  the  Building  and  Repair  Fund. 

The  Amateur  Concert  of  the  Art  Students  in  May  last  produced 
the  net  sum  of  £17  5*.  3c?.,  which  was  handed  to  the  Committee,  and 
enabled  them  to  provide  some  necessary  furniture  and  several  good 
Art  examples.  The  Committee  have  not  as  yet  received  any  dona- 
tion of  works  of  art  or  paintings. 

The  Committee  regret  to  say  that  the  Class  on  the  "Principles  of 
Agriculture"  was  not  attended  by  a  sufficient  number  of  Students 
to  warrant  the  continuance  of  the  Class.  It  has  therefore  been  given 
up  for  the  present,  but  whenever  a  number  of  Students  present 
themselves,  arrangements  will  be  made  for  resuming  the  Class. 

The  Committee  are  glad  to  state  that  Mr.  J.  Bickerton  Morgan 
has  kindly  consented  to  act  as  Honorary  Assistant  Curator  of  the 
Museum,  where  his  services  in  arranging  the  geological  specimens 
have  already  proved  very  useful  and  valuable. 


XXXVlll 


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XXXIX 

The  PowYS-LAND  Club  exchanges 'publications  with  the  fol- 
lowing Literary  Societies,  viz. : — 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  Royal  Institution,  Edinburgh. 

The  British  Archeeological  Association,  32,  SackriUe  Street,  Piccadilly. 

The  Royal  Arch»ological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Oxford 
Mansions,  Oxford  Street. 

The  Camhrian  Archseological  Association,  30  and  32,  Sardinia  Street, 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  London,  W.C.  ' 

The  Royal  Historical  and  Archeoological  Association  of  Ireland  (Rev. 
J.  Graves,  Inisnag,  Stoneyford,  Kilkenny,  Hon.  Sec). 

The  London  and  Middlesex  Aichasological  Society  (G.  H.  Birch,  Esq., 
Hon.  Sec.,  9,  Buckingham  Street,  Strand,  London). 

The  Surrey  Archseological  Society,  8,  Danes  Inn,  Strand,  London. 

The  Yorkshire  Archsological  and  Topographical  Society  (G.  H.  Tom- 
linson,  Esq.,  Huddersfield). 

The  Birmingham  and  Midland  Institute,  Birmingham. 

The  Berwickshire  Naturalist  Club  (James  Hardy,  Esq.,  Old  Cambus, 
Cocksbumspath). 

The  Honourable  Society  of  Cymmrodorion,  London  (Secretary,  C.  W. 
Jones,  Esq.,  Local  Government  Board,  London). 

The  Cambridge  Antiquarian  Society  (Rev.  S.  S.  Lewis,  F.S.A.,  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Secretary). 

The  Chester  ArchsBological  Society  (T.  Hughes,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Secretary). 

The  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Liverpool  (Royal  Institu- 
tion, Liverpool). 

The  Essex  ArchsBological  Society  (H.  W.  King,  Esq.,  Leigh  Hill,  Leigh, 
Essex,  Secretary). 

The  Royal  Institution  of  Cornwall  (J.  H.  Collins,  Esq.,  Truro). 

The  Sussex  Archseological  Society  (John  Edward  Price,  Esq.,  60,  Albion 
Boad,  Stoke  Newington,  London,  Secretary). 

The  Suffolk  Institute  of  Archseological  and  Natural  History  Society 
(Edward  Deering,  Esq.,  Bury  St.  Edmunds). 

The  Worcester  Diocesan  Architectural  and  Archsoological  Society  (J. 
H.  Hooper,  Esq.,  College  Green,  Worcester,  Secretary). 

The  Wiltshire  Archaeological  Society  (Rev.  H.  A.  Olivier,  Museum, 
Devizes). 

The  Shropshire  Archseological  and  Natural  History  Society  (W.  H. 
Adnitt,  Esq.,  The  Museum,  Salop,  Secretary). 

The  Leicester  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society,  Leicester. 

The  Somersetshire  Archseological  and  Natural  History  Society  (The 
Castle,  Taunton). 

The  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  U.S.A.  (S.  Baird,  Esq., 
Assistant-Secretary). 

The  Bristol  and  Gloucester  Archseological  Society  (P.  Hallet,  Esq.,  Hon. 
Secretary,  Claverton  Lodge,  Bath). 

The  Glasgow  Philosophical  Society,  Glasgow. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne  (Hon.  Secretary, 
R.  Blair,  Esq.,  South  Shields). 

The  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  No.  920,  Spruce  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, U.S.A. 


xl 


OBITUARY  OF  MEMBERS  OF  THE  POWYS-LAND  CLUB. 


1869. 

Jan.     29.  Charles  Thomas  Woosnam,  Esq.,  Newtown. 

May    23.  Edward  Williams,  Esq.,  Lloran  House,  Oswestry. 

1870. 

May    15.  Major-General  Charles  Thomas  Edward  Hinde. 

Oct.     30.  Rev.  John  Edwards,  M. A.,  Rector  of  Newtown. 

Nov.    16.  Rev.  Harry  Longukville  Jones,  M.A. 

1871. 

Feb.     2iy.  Sir  Baldwin  T  eighton,  Bart.,  Loton  Park,  Salop. 

Mar.       3.  Edward  Evans,  Esq.,  Thomelo^  House,  Worcester. 

Mar.     24.  Price  Buckley  Williames,  Esq.,  Pennant. 

April    24.  George  Woosnam,  Esq.,  Newtown. 

June     21.  William  Pryce  Yearsley,  Esq.,  Welshpool. 

July     23.  Arthur  James  Johnes,  Esq.,  Garth myl. 

Dec.       5.  John  Pryce  Drew,  Esq.,  Milford  House,  Newtown. 

Dec.     12.  Rev.  Joseph  Jones,  R.C.  Church,  Welshpool. 

1872. 

April   28.  Robert  Maurice  Bonnor  Maurice,  Esq.,  Bodynfol. 

1873. 

Sept.      4.  Rev.  Robert  John  Harrison,  M.A.,  Caerhowel. 

Nov.     13.  John  Gough  Nichols,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 

1874. 

April    10.  Robert  Devereux  Harrison,  Esq.,  Fronllwyd, Welshpool. 

Nov.     25.  R.  H.  Sturkey,  Esq.,  Meifod. 

1875. 

Aug.     11.  Edward  Williams,  Esq.,  of  Neuadd  faben,  Talgarth. 

Nov.       4.  Thomas  Bowen,  Esq.,  Welshpool. 

1876. 

Jan.       5.  Mrs.  Ann  Warburton  Owen,  Glansevem. 

Feb.     10.  Joseph  Owen  Jones,  Esq.,  Frony-gog. 

May     26.  Thomas  Taylor  Griffith,  Esq.,  Wrexham. 

June    15.  John  Ralph,  first  Lord  Harlech,  Brogyntyn,  Oswestry. 

June    18.  Rev.  John  Judge,  Leighton  Vicarage,  WelshpooL 

1877. 

Rev.  Canon  Jenkins,  Llangyniew  Rectory,  Welshpool. 

April   28.  Sudelby,  Lord  Sudeley  ( Vice-President), 

1878. 

June      8.  The  Ven.  Archdeacon  Morgan,  M.A. 

Aug.      5.  Joseph  HuMPHREYS,E8q.,TheCourt,Dogpole,Shrew8bury. 

Dec.       5.  Thomas  Owen  Morgan,  Esq.,  of  Aberystwith. 


xli   . 

1879. 

Mar.     28.  Rev.  Robert  Jones,  B.A.,  All  Saints',  Rotherhithe. 

April    29.  Rev.  Jenkin  Jones,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Cerrig  y  Druidion, 

Aug.      3.  Rev.  Thomas  Jambs,  LL.D.,  F.S.A, 

Dec.     12.  Rev.  J.  J.  Turner,  M.A. 

Rev.  F.  H.  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Chirk,  aged  75, 
Rev.  D.  Pritchard  Pritchard  of  Ceniarth. 
Miss  Hinde-Llotd  of  Bath. 

Watkin  Williams  Edward  Wynne,  Esq.,  of  Peniarth, 
aged  79. 

Miss  Jane  Davies  of  Penmaen  Dovey. 
Edward  Breese,  Eaq.y  F.S.A. ,  of  Pwllheli. 
John  Sides  Davies,  Esq.,  M.R.C.S.,  of  Oswestry. 
Rev.  Canon  Robert  Williams,  M.A, 
Mrs.  PuGH-JoHNSON,  Llanerchydol. 

Rev.  Canon  David  Williams,  Castle  Caereinion. 
Lewis  R  Price,  Esq.,  117,  St.  George's  Square,  London. 
Rev.  Joseph  McIntosh,  M.A.,  Llanerfyl 
John  Maurice  Herbert,  Esq.,  Rocklands,  Ross. 

1883. 
Jan.      28.     Charles  Perrin  Smith,  Esq.,  Trenton,  Pennsylvania. 
Mar.     12.     Rev.  Prebendary  Davies,  M.A.,  Moor  Court,  Kington. 
April   27.     Thomas  Edye,  Esq.,  London,  aged  92. 
July     15.     John  Beattie,  Esq.,  Short  wood,  Teddington  Park,  Mid- 
dlesex. 
John  Jones,  Esq.,  Commander  R.N.,  Blue  Bell,  Welsh- 
pool 

Offlet  Malcolm  Crewe  Read,  Esq.,  Captain  R.N., 
Llandinam  Hall,  Llanidloes  (Member  of  the  CovncilJ 

Henry  Davies,  Esq.,  Town  Clerk,  Oswestry. 

Col.  John  Prycb  Harrison,  3,  Seagrave  Terrace, 
Cheltenham. 

John  Hilditch  Evans,  Esq.,  of  Bryn  Issa,  Pershore. 


1880. 

Jan. 

28. 

Mar. 

5. 

April 
June 

22. 
9. 

1881. 

Feb. 

22. 

Mar. 

10. 

April 
April 
Nov. 

22. 
26. 
25. 

1882. 

Feb. 

24. 

Mar. 

26. 

May 

Nov. 

6. 
3. 

Deo. 

1. 

1884, 
Jan.       2. 

Feb. 
Feb. 

10. 

Sept. 

5. 

MONTGOMERYSHIRE    WORTHIES. 
By  RICHARD   WILLIAMS,  F.R.H.S. 


Continued  from  VoL  xvi,  p.  232. 


Clive,  The  Ven.  William,  M.A.,  was  the  second  son 
of  William  Clive,  Esq.,  of  Styche,  Salop,  M.P.  for 
Bishops  Castle,  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Clive,  daughter 
of  John  Rotton,  Esq.  He  was  born  on  the  14th  March 
1795,  and  was  educated  at  Eton,  whence  he  entered 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  in 
1817,  and  proceeded  M.A.  in  1820.  In  1818  he  took 
Holy  Orders,  and  for  a  short  time  held  a  curacy  under 
the  Rev.  Reginald  (afterwards  Bishop)  Heber  at  Hodnet. 
In  1819  he  was  appointed  Vicar  of  Welshpool,  which 
living  he  held  for  forty-six  years.  In  1824  he  was 
appointed  domestic  chaplain  to  Hugh,  third  Duke  of 
Northumberland,  and  for  a  short  time  he  held,  with 
Welshpool,  the  benefices  of  Shrawardine  and  Montford, 
Salop.  In  1844  he  was  appointed  Archdeacon  of 
Montgomery  ;  in  1849  Honorary  Canon  of  St.  Asaph  ; 
in  1854  Residentiary  Canon,  which  he  resigned  in  1861. 
In  1865  he  resigned  the  living  of  Welshpool,  and  was 
appointed  Rector  of  Blymhill,  in  the  diocese  of  Lichfield, 
on  the  nomination  of  the  Earl  of  Bradford.  He  was 
also  Rural  Dean  of  Brewood.  Upon  his  leaving  Welsh- 
pool a  magnificent  service  of  plate  was  presented  to 
him  by  his  old  parishioners  as  a  token  of  their  afiection 
and  respect.  By  his  marriage  with  Marianne,  fourth 
daughter  of  George  Toilet,  Esq.,  of  Be tley  Hall,  Stafford- 
shire (who  died  16th  February  1841),  he  had  an  only 
daughter,  Marianne  Caroline,  wife  of  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Johti  Bridgeman,  who  survives.  Archdeacon  Clive 
VOL.  vxii.  B 


2  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

died  at  Blymhill,  after  a  short  illness,  on  the  24th  of 
May  1883,  having  attained  the  advanced  age  of  88 
years.  On  the  29th  of  the  same  month  he  was  buried 
in  the  vault  which  contained  the  body  of  his  late  wife, 
at  St.  Mary's  Church,  Welshpool.  Archdeacon  Clive 
took  a  very  active  part  in  the  carrying  out  of  the  many 
improvements  which  were  effected  in  his  parish  of 
Welshpool  during  his  long  incumbency,  especially  such 
as  related  to  the  church  and  schools.  In  1819  National 
Schools  were  built  at  a  cost  of  £250,  exclusive  of  grants. 
In  1825  and  1826,  £1,500  was  laid  out  on  the  church, 
increasing  the  accommodation  by  300  free  sittings.  In 
1841  a  schoolroom  was  built  at  the  outlying  hamlet  of 
Belan  at  a  cost  of  £307.  In  1856  the  chancel  was 
rebuilt  at  a  cost  of  about  £1,000,  and  a  new  east 
window  of  stained  glass  inserted  by  public  subscription, 
and  a  chancel  arch  built  In  1839  Christ  Church  was 
erected,  in  commemoration  of  the  coming  of  age  of 
Viscount  Clive  (now  Earl  of  Powis),  and  consecrated 
in  1844,  the  cost  being  about  £6,000.  An  infant  school 
and  mistress's  house  were  also  erected  near  Christ 
Church  in  1848  at  a  cost  exceeding  £500.  Archdeacon 
Clive  also  rebuilt  the  vicarage  in  1820  at  a  cost 
of  £1,000,  and  subsequently  considerably  en- 
larged it.  He  also  presented  to  the  church  a  small 
silver  paten.  The  total  expenditure  in  these  matters 
relating  to  the  church  establishment  and  educational 

Eurposes,  during  his  incumbency,  and  chiefly  through 
is  instrumentality,  very  considerably  exceeded  £10,000. 
The  purity  of  his  life,  his  kindness  to  the  poor,  his 
genial  courtesy  to  all,  his  energetic  promotion  of  every 
movement  tending  to  the  public  good,  and  his  great 
devotion  to  his  sacred  duties,  caused  Archdeacon  Clive 
to  be  universally  beloved  by  all  classes. — {Oswestry  Ad- 
vertiser; Shrewsbury  Chron.;  Mont.  Coll.,  xv,  p.  316,&c.) 
DwNN,  OwAiN,  bard,  harpist,  and  Captain  of  a 
Regiment  of  Cavalry.  He  distinguished  himself  in 
Ireland  about  the  year  1460,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
Lord- Lieutenant  there  afterwards. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  3 

"  A  chadpen  llawen  y  Uu 
Eu  teljn  a'li  bardd  teulu." 

(The  merry  captain  of  the  host, 
Their  harpist  aud  family  bard.) 

He  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  member  of  the  family 
to  which,  later  on,  Lewys  Dwnn,  the  distinguished 
herald  belonged. — {J oneBB  Welsh  Bards,  p.  48.) 

Hughes,  Ezekiel,  the  first  Welsh  settler  in  Ohio, 
was  the  second  son  of  Richard  and  Mary  Hughes,  of 
Cwmcarnedd,Llanbrynmair,  where  he  was  born,  August 
22nd,  1767.  His  father  was  a  respectable  freeholder, 
whose  family  had  been  settled  at  Cwmcarnedd  for 
more  than  two  centuries.  Ezekiel  was  placed  in  a 
school  at  Shrewsbury  for  some  time,  and  afterwards, 
when  he  was  eighteen  years  old,  apprenticed  to  a 
clock  maker  and  jeweller  at  Machynlleth.  Having 
served  out  his  apprenticeship  and  learned  his  trade,  he, 
by  the  advice  of  his  father,  determined  to  seek  a  home 
in  the  far  West,  and  accordingly  he,  in  April  1795, 
in  company  with  his  cousin,  Edward  Bebb  (whose  son, 
the  Hon.  William  Bebb,  became  Governor  of  Ohio), 
set  sail  from  Bristol  for  Philadelphia  in  the  American 
ship  Maria.  After  a  stormy  and  adventurous  voyage 
of  thirteen  weeks'  duration,  they  arrived  at  their  des- 
tination. Ezekiel  Hughes  remained  about  a  year  at 
Philadelphia,  where  the  American  Congress  was  then 
sitting,  and  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Washington 
and  other  leading  American  statesmen.  After  visiting 
several  of  the  Welsh  settlements  in  Pennsylvania,  he 
and  his  friend  Bebb,  early  in  1796,  turned  their  faces 
westward,  and  after  spending  a  few  weeks  at  the  in- 
fant settlement  of  Beulah  (now  Ebensburg)  pushed  on 
through  the  wilderness  to  Pittsburg,  then  a  very  small 
town.  From  Pittsburg  they  proceeded  in  an  open  boat, 
and  reached  Marietta  in  three  days.  After  inspecting 
the  lands  in  that  neighbourhood,  the  two  friends  pushed 
on  in  their  boat  to  Mays  Ville,  Kentucky,  and  thence 
to  Fort  Washington,  now  the  great  city  of  Cincin- 

b2 


4  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

nati.^  Here  he  purchased,  by  way  of  experiment,  80  acres 
of  land,  for  two  dollars  and  a  quarter  (or  about  nine 
shillings)  per  acre,  and  finding  the  land  well  adapted  for 
the  cultivation  of  potatoes  and  com,  he  subsequently, 
in  1801,  made  other  large  purchases.  When  he  settled 
there  he  writes  that  he  had  three  neighbours  within  a 
moderate  distance.  His  friend  Bebb  settled  in  the 
fruitful  valley  of  Paddy's  Run,  Ohio.  In  1803,  Hughes 
visited  his  native  country,  and  married  Miss  Margaret 
Bebb,  of  Brynaere  mawr,  Llanbrynmair,  with  whom 
he  returned  the  following  year  to  his  log  house  on  the 
banks  of  the  Great  Miami  River.  His  wife,  however, 
died  in  about  a  years  time,  and  was  the  first  to  be 
buried  in  the  Berea  cemetery.  In  1808  he  was  married 
again,  to  Miss  Mary  Ewing  of  Pennsylvania,  by  whom 
he  had  seven  children.  In  1805  he  was  appointed  by 
the  Governor  of  Ohio,  with  two  others,  to  plan  and 
make  a  road  from  the  mouth  of  the  Miami  to  Hamilton, 
Ohio,  and  the  following  year  was  appointed  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace.  President  Harrison  was  one  of  his  in- 
timate friends,  and  a  near  neighbour,  and  both  laboured 
together  as  teachers  in  the  same  Sunday  School.  He 
divided  his  estate  into  large  and  convenient  holdings, 
which  he  let  out  to  respectable  tenants  on  fair  leases, 
and  he  so  arranged  that  each  of  his  children  inherited 
a  good  farm.  In  1820  he  sustained  a  fall  in  descending 
the  steps  of  a  church  at  Cincinnati,  which  caused  him 
to  be  lame  the  rest  of  his  days.  He  died  on  the  2nd 
of  September  1849,  aged  82  years,  having  lived  to  see 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  important  of  American 
cities  occupying  the  spot  which,  fifty  years  before,  he  had 
found  almost  a  wilderness.  Throughout  life  he  cherished 
with  great  fondness  his  native  Welsh  language,  and  the 
religious  principles  of  his  youth.  He  delighted  in  read- 
ing Welsh  books,  and  was  always  particularly  kind  to 

^  Cincinnati,  the  great  Ohio  city,  which  is  now  nearly  as  lai^ge  as 
Birmingham,  was  fomided  December  28th,  1788,  and  incorporated  as 
a  city  in  1819.  The  first  white  child  was  born  there  March  17th, 
1 790,  being  only  six  years  before  Ezekiel  Hughes's  settlement  there. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHJES.  5 

Welsh  emigrants,  hundreds  of  whom  owed  much  to  his 
timely  assistance  and  advice. — (Camhriany  American 
paper,  etc.) 

Humphreys,  Rear- Admiral  Sir  Salusbury,  RN.,  was 
a  son  of  the  Rev.  Evan  Humphreys,  Rector  of  Mont- 
gomeiy  and  Clungunford,  by  Mary,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Salusbury  Pryce,  who  was  Vicar  of  Meifod  for 
the  long  period  of  fifty-three  years.  He  was  born  in 
November  1778.  Having  entered  the  Navy,  he  saw  a 
good  deal  of  service,  and  acquired  some  distinction  as 
a  brave  oflficer  during  his  short  career,  up  to  the  time 
he  attained  the  rank  of  Captain.  In  1807,  while  Cap- 
tain in  command  of  the  Leopard  at  Halifax,  Nova 
Scotia,  under  orders,  he  fired  upon  and  boarded  the 
Chesapeake,  American  frigate,  for  the  seizure  of  some 
naval  deserters  :  a  bold,  yet,  as  some  think,  justifiable 
error,  which  led  to  loss  of  life  on  both  sides,  an  angry 
correspondence  between  both  Governments,  and  to  his 
own  ultimate  retirement  on  half-pay.  He  became, 
nevertheless,  a  Rear- Admiral  of  the  White,  and  was 
made  a  C.B.  in  1831,  and  K.C.H.  in  1834.  He  married, 
first,  in  1805,  Jane  Elizabeth,  daughter  and  co-heir  of 
John  Tixel  Morin,  Esq.,  of  Weedon  Lodge,  by  whom 
he  had  a  son,  the  Rev.  Salusbury  Humphreys,  who  in- 
herited the  Weedon  estate  ;  secondly,  in  1810,  Maria 
Brooke  vel  Davenport,  natural  daughter  and  heir  of 
William  Davenport,  Esq.,  of  Bramall,  Cheshire,  and  by 
sign  manual  he  in  1838  assumed  the  name  and  arms 
of  Davenport.  Sir  Salusbury  Pryce  Humphreys 
Davenport  died  November  15th,  1845,  and  was  buried 
at  Leckhampton. — {Byegones,  July  4,  1883,  etc.) 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  Vicar  of  Pennant  in  1719,  and 
Rector  of  Llangynog  from  1720  to  1744,  being  the  date 
of  his  death.  He  published  in  1 743  a  Welsh  translation 
of  A  Letter,  being  a  solemn  and  affectionate  Address 
from  a  country  Clergyman  to  his  Parishioners. — (Llyfr. 
y  Cymry,) 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  a  native  of  Cardiganshire,  who, 
after  serving  the  curacy  of  Mallwyd  for  some  time. 


6  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

obtained  in  1782  the  Vicarage  of  Pennant,  and  the 
same  year  the  Rectory  of  Llangynog,  which  he  held  for 
five  years.  He  left  behind  him  a  large  number  of 
Sermons  in  MS,,  thirty  of  which  were  after  his  death 
printed  at  Wrexham,  under  the  editorship  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Parry,  Llanasa.—  {Ibid. ;  Thomas's  Hist.  St 
Asaph). 

Jones,  Rev.  John,  Curate  of  Llangadfan,  was  the 
author  of  a  Welsh  translation,  published  at  Shrewsbury 
in  1790,  of  The  Church  Catechism  explained^  etc.,  by 
the  Rev.  John  Lewis,  Minister  of  Margate ;  to  which  is 
added  a  Treatise  on  Confirmation  by  Mr.  Adams; 
Prayers^  etc. — {Ibid.) 

Jones,  Rev.  Owen,  of  Gelli,  near  Llanfair,  was  born 
at  Crynllwyn,  near  Towyn,  Merionethshire,  on  the 
16th  of  February  1787.  After  spending  a  little  time 
at  a  good  country  school  at  Penypark,  near  Towyn, 
and  then  at  another  at  High  Ercall,  near  Shrewsbury, 
in  order  to  acquire  a  better  knowledge  of  English,  he 
was  apprenticed  to  a  saddler  at  Aberystwyth.  During 
his  apprenticeship  he  and  another  youth  undertook  the 
carrying  on  of  a  Sunday  school  in  a  neglected  part  of 
the  town,  and  were  very  successful.  His  success  in- 
duced him  to  conduct  a  similar  school  every  night  of 
the  week  except  Saturday  night.  Being  a  good  singer, 
and  possessing  much  tact,  pleasing  manners,  and  great 
persuasive  powers,  he  soon  attracted  numbers,  especially 
of  the  young,  around  him,  and  speedily  showed  that 
rare  excellence  as  a  catechist  for  which  in  after  life  he 
became  distinguished.  At  that  time  he  was  barely 
eighteen  years  old,  nor  had  he  attached  himself  to  any 
Christian  church,  but  before  long  he  joined  the  Calvin- 
istic  Methodists.  On  the  eve  of  his  leaving  Aberystwyth 
at  the  end  of  his  apprenticeship,  about,  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1805,  a  great  religious  revival  broke  out 
in  his  Sunday  school,  which  resulted  in  the  addition 
of  hundreds  of  members  to  the  Calvinistic  and  other 
churches.  From  Aberystwyth  Mr.  Jones  returned  to 
Towyn,  but  did  not  stay  there  long.     The  same  year 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  7 

he  went  to  Llanidloes,  where  he  remained  about  two 
years,  following  his  trade  in  the  daytime,  and  devoting 
his  evenings  with  his  whole  heart  and  soul  to  work 
similar  to  that  he  had  engaged  in  at  Aberystwyth. 
His  energy  instilled  new  life  into  the  Sunday  schools 
already  established  in  the  town  and  neighbourhood, 
and  he  soon  started  several  others,  among  them  one  at' 
Rhayader,  which  soon  numbered  240  members.  Very 
often  he  travelled  from  fifteen  to  twenty  miles  on  foot 
on  a  Sunday  morning  in  furtherance  of  the  cause  which 
he  had  so  much  at  heart.  This  great  physical  energy  he 
inherited  from  his  father,  who,  it  is  said,  once  walked 
all  the  way  from  Shrewsbury  to  Towyn,  a  distance  of 
seventy-two  miles,  in  one  day.  From  Llanidloes  he 
removed  to  London,  where  for  some  time  he  assisted 
Dr.  Owen  Pughe  in  correcting  for  the  press  the  first 
edition  of  the  Welsh  Bible,  published  by  the  Bible 
Society.  Having  completed  this  work,  he  left  the 
Metropolis  and  took  up  his  residence  at  Shrewsbury 
in  October  1807.  Here  again  he  established  an  English 
Sunday  school,  to  which  he  sJ3eedily  gathered  120 
scholars  ;  and  he  frequently  visited  another  school  at  a 
placed  called  Perthi,  near  Pool  Quay,  about  sixteen 
miles  from  Shrewsbury.  The  great  success  which 
attended  his  labours  induced  some  of  his  friends  to 
urge  him  to  visit  all  the  schools  of  the  county,  a  re- 
quest which,  at  the  cost  of  great  labour  and  many 
sacrifices,  he  complied  with.  By  degrees  he  was  led 
to  decide  on  entering  the  ministry,  and  in  the  year  1808, 
having  just  completed  his  minority,  he  was  accepted 
by  the  Calvinistic  Methodists  as  a  preacher.  The 
same  year  he  married,  and  took  up  his  residence  at 
Gelli,  his  wife's  home,  near  Llanfair,  where  he  dwelt  the 
remainder  of  his  days.  He  was  ordained  to  the  full 
work  of  the  ministry  in  1819.  To  the  end  of  his  life 
he  continued  to  manifest  the  greatest  interest  in  Sunday 
schools,  and  in  the  instruction  of  the  young.  Probably 
no  single  individual,  with  the  exception  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Charles,  the  founder  of  such  schools  in  North 


8  MONTGOMERYSHIRE    WORTHIES. 

Wales,  has  done  so  much  for  the  promotion  of  Sabbath 
school  work  in  that  portion  of  the  Principality.  In 
1820  he  published  a  small  Catechism,  under  the  title, 
Arweinydd  i  Wyhodaeih,  neu  y  Catecism  cyntaf  i  hen 
hobl  Q'T  ail  i  bobl  ieuainc  (" The  Guide  to  Knowledge ; 
or,  the  first  Catechism  for  old  people,  and  the  second 
for  young  people''),  which  long  continued  in  use.  As  a 
preacher  Mr.  Jones  was  earnest,  impressive,  and 
eloquent;  as  a  catechist,  unrivalled.  He  preached  much, 
and  worked  hard  for  his  Divine  Master  in  the  neglected 
Anglicised  borders  of  Montgomeryshire,  receiving  no 
reward  but  the  approval  of  his  own  conscience,  and  the 
inward  satisfaction  of  knowing  he  was  doing  his  duty. 
But  in  the  midst  of  his  labours  his  useful  life  was  cut 
short.  He  died  on  the  4th  of  December  1828,  aged 
forty-one  years,  and  on  the  ninth  of  the  same  month 
was  buried  at  Llanfair.  He  left  issue  two  sons  and  a 
daughter. — {Treasury ;  Evans's  Sunday  Schools  of 
Wales,  etc.) 

Jones,  Rev.  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Pennant  from  1757  to 
1782,  Rector  of  Llangynog  from  1762  to  1782,  and 
Rector  of  Himant  from  1 782  to  1 790.  He  published,  in 
176ly  Rheol  o  Addoliad  ac  Ymarfer  Duivi'oldeh  i'r 
Hwsmon  (a  translation  of  Archbishop  Seeker's  Lectures 
on  the  "  Rule  of  Worship  and  Practice  of  Piety  for  the 
Husbandman"),  and  in  1779,  Pregeth  ar  Salm  cxix,  v. 
165  (A  Sermon  on  Psalm  cxix,  v.  165).  The  parochial 
register  of  Hirnant  also  records  that  he,  in  1784, 
translated  into  English,  Drych  y  Prif  Oesoedd,  by  the 
Rev.  Theophilus  Evans,  but  it  does  not  appear  that 
this  was  ever  published. — {Llyfr,  y  Cymry\  Thomas's 
Sl  Asaphy  etc.) 

Lloyd,  David,  or  Dafydd  Llwyd,  was  a  son  of 
Dafydd  ab  Einion  of  Mochdre  and  Kerry,  the  founder 
of  the  Pryce  family  of  Newtown  Hall  and  Glanmiheli, 
and  was  lineally  descended  from  Elystan  Glodrudd, 
founder  of  the  fourth  royal  tribe  of  Wales.  He  flour- 
ished towards  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and 
was  a  man  of  great  wealth  and  influence,  and  a  liberal 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  9 

patron  of  the  bards,  several  of  whom  addressed  Odes 
to  him.  Among  them  is  one  by  his  contemporary, 
Lewys  Glyn  Cothi,  considered  to  be  one  of  that  poet's 
best  efforts.  The  bard  compares  his  readiness  to  go 
and  see  his  patron,  to  that  of  the  hawk  to  return  to  the 
falconer,  and  dwells  fondly  on  his  kindness,  amiability, 
devotedness  to  religious  duties,  and  generosity.  He 
was,  it  is  stated,  in  the  habit,  on  the  different  festivals 
of  the  church,  of  giving  splendid  entertainments  (in 
the  nature  of  Eisteddfodau,  it  would  seem),  when  bards 
and  minstrels  were  invited  and  sumptuously  entertained 
at  his  mansion  at  Newtown,  and  the  poor  partook  of 
the  alms  which  he  liberally  bestowed. 

"  Ei  arfer  ydyw,  wyr  Faredydd, 
I  rai  odidawg  roi  diodydd ; 
Rhoi  cardawd  i  dlawd  hyd  ei  wledydd, 
Rhoi  Hetty  i  wawdwr,  wr  llwyd  dedwydd ; 
Ac  i  w4ii  torth  gin  gynnydd — gwlad  Bowys, 
Ac  i  ail  Baradwys  galw  ei  brydydd." 

David  Lloyd,  among  numerous  other  offices,  held  that 
of  farmer  of  the  tolls  of  Newtown  under  Richard, 
Duke  of  York.  Among  the  poets  whom  he  specially 
patronised  was  Hywel  Swrdwal,  who  was  also  Bailiff 
of  Newtown  in  the  years  1454-5-6,  but  died  before 
him.  Lewys  Glyn  Cothi,  however,  survived  his  patron, 
and  wrote  his  Elegy,  in  which  he  represents  death  as 
having  gone  like  a  foe  to  Cedewain,  and  carried  away 
in  triumph  from  thence  a  rich  treasure.  David  Lloyd 
was  succeeded  by  his  son  Rhys. — (L.  G.  Cothi's  Works; 
Mont.  Coll.,  etc.) 

Lloyd,  Rees  ab  David,  or  Rhys  ab  Dafydd  Llwyd, 
of  Newtown,  was  the  son  of  the  above-named  David 
Lloyd,  and  was  thirteenth  in  lineal  descent  from  Elystan 
Glodrudd.  He  was  esquire  of  the  body  to  king  Edward 
IV,  and  was  a  staunch  Yorkist.  Edward  rewarded 
him  for  his  services  by  appointing  him  Governor  of 
Montgomery  Castle.  He  was  also  steward  of  the  lord- 
ships of  Montgomery,  Cedewain,  Kerry,  Cyfeiliog,  and 
Arwystli.     Lewys  Glyn  Cothi,  in  an  Ode  addressed  to 


10  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

him^  describes  him  as  a  powerful  and  distinguished 
warrior.  He  did  not  live  long  to  enjoy  his  honours, 
for  he  fell  in  1469  on  the  bloody  field  of  Danesmore, 
near  Banbury,  where  5,000  Welshmen  were,  it  is  said, 
left  dead  on  the  field,  and  their  leaders,  the  Earl  of 
Pembroke,  Sir  Richard  Herbert,  and  many  other 
eminent  persons,  were  taken  prisoners  and  beheaded. 
Rees  left  two  sons,  Thomas  ap  Rees,  or  Pryce  of  New- 
town, and  Meredydd  ap  Rees,  or  Pryce  of  Glanmiheli, 
Kerry.  From  their  time  all  the  somewhat  numerous 
branches  of  this  &mily  have  borne,  the  surname  of 
Pryce. — (Ibid.) 

Meredith,  Rev.  Benjamin,  a  popular  Nonconformist 
minister,  ordained  at  Llanbrynmair  in  1733,  as  pastor 
of  the  Independent  Church  there,  but  who,  the  follow- 
ing year,  was  requested  to  resign  his  charge  because 
some  of  his  views  concerning  several  important  doctrines 
were  not  considered  orthodox.  He  was  succeeded  by 
the  celebrated  Lewis  Rees,  father  of  the  still  more 
celebrated  Dr.  Abraham  Rees.  He  translated  into 
Welsh  Bunyan's  Jerusalem  Sinner  Saved.  This  was 
published  at  Hereford  in  1721,  and  subsequently  at 
Chester  in  1765.— (Z/^r.  y  Cymry,  327-8,  483.) 

Meredith,  Richard,  of  Cwmllinau,  Cemmes,  was  a 
a  young  man  of  great  promise.  He  wrote  several  able 
articles  for  the  Traethodydd  and  other  magazines,  and 
some  poetry.  He  died  in  the  spring  of  1856,  aged 
twenty-eight  years.  His  brother,  Lewis  Meredith,  in 
1852  published  a  small  volume  of  Welsh  poetry  of  very 
considerable  merit,  under  the  title  Blodau  Glyn  Dyfi. 
Some  years  afterwards  he  emigrated  to  America,  where 
he  entered  the  Wesleyan  ministry. 

Meredith,  Thomas,  of  Coedyrhos,  Mochdre,  was  one 
of  the  earliest  in  Montgomeryshire  to  join  the  great 
Methodist  movement,  and  about  the  year  1745  was 
appointed  an  exhorter  and  superintendent  of  some  of 
the  small  societies  in  the  neighbourhood  of  his  home. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  zeal  and  courage,  and  in  attempt- 
ing, with  Mr.  Evan  Roberts  (the  writers  great  grand- 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES.  1  I 

father),  to  put  down  the  riotous  licentiousness  and  im- 
morality which  then  prevailed  in  Mochdre,  he  subjected 
himself  to  a  good  deal  of  ill-usage,  and  on  more  than  one 
occasion, it  is  said, barely  escaped  with  his  life.  When  the 
unhappy  differences  arose  between  Howell  Harries  and 
Daniel  Rowlands,  the  two  Methodist  leaders,  which  led 
to  their  separation,  Meredith  adhered  to  the  former, 
and  went  to  Trefecca,  as  many  others  of  his  followers 
did,  to  live  with  him.  How  long  he  remained  is 
not  stated,  but  during  his  stay  there  he  adopted  mys- 
tical and  Antinomian  views,  and  with  a  number  of 
others  seceded,  imder  the  leadership  of  one  ThomaSB 
Sheen.  On  his  return  into  Montgomeryshire  he 
attempted  to  win  converts  to  his  views,  and  in  some 
measure  succeeded.  With  that  object  in  view,  he  pub- 
lished in  1770  The  Scourge  for  the  Assyrian,  the  great 
opp7*essor,  according  to  the  slaughter  of  Midian,  a  work 
by  the  Rev.  William  Erbury,  together  with  letters  of 
Erbury  and  Morgan  Llwyd,  and  a  poem  by  John 
Cennick.  The  same  year  he  also  published  a  small 
work  of  his  own.  Some  Observations  on  passages  of 
Scripture,  and  Letters.  The  religious  views  he  had 
adopted  during  his  latter  years  paralysed  his  own 
spirit,  and  greatly  weakened  his  influence  for  good 
over  his  neighbours. — {Lbjfr.  y  Cymry,  525  ;  Meth. 
Cymru,  \\,  373-4.) 

Morgan,  Rev.  David,  of  Llanfyllin,  a  well-known 
Independent  minister,  was  a  native  of  Cardiganshire. 
He  was  born  at  Dolwen,  in  that  county,  December  27, 
1779,  his  father  being  a  respectable  freeholder.  In 
his  youth  he  was  placed  on  trial  in  a  shop  at  Machyn- 
lleth, but  after  six  months'  probation,  his  aver- 
sion to  trade  was  so  great  that  the  idea  of  bringing 
him  up  to  it  had  to  be  abandoned,  and  he  returned 
home  to  his  parents,  with  whom  he  remained  until  he 
was  about  twenty-six.  He  then  married  Mary,  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Hughes,  Esq.,  of  Llwynglas,  a  Justice 
of  the  Peace  for  the  County  of  Cardigan,  and  took  a 
farm  in  the  same  neighbourhood.     During  his  short 


12  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

stay  at  Machynlleth  he  had  been  brought  under  the 
influence  of  the  Rev.  John  Roberts,  of  Llanbrynmair, 
which  eventually  led  him  about  this  time  to  forsake 
the  communion  of  the  Church  of  England,  in  which  he 
had  been  brought  up,  and  to  join  the  Independents, 
which  he  did  in  the  year  1807.  He  was  naturally 
gifted  with  great  fluency  of  speech,  readiness  and 
clearness  of  expression,  gifts  which  his  neighbours  and 
fellow  church-members  were  not  slow  to  discover,  and 
at  their  earnest  solicitation  he  was  induced  to  enter 
the  ministry.  In  1813  he  was  ordained  at  Towyn  to 
take  chaise  of  several  churches  in  that  neiorhbour- 
hood.  The  following  year  he  accepted  a  call  from  the 
Independent  Church  at  ilachynlleth  to  become  its  pas- 
tor, and  in  that  capacity  he  laboured  with  much  ability 
and  success  for  twenty-two  yeare.  He  was  the  means 
of  building  five  chapels  in  the  immediate  neighbourhood, 
and  during  his  ministry  at  Machynlleth  500  members 
were  added  to  the  churches  under  his  care.  His  stipend 
during  the  whole  time  was  only  £30  a  year.  In  1 836 
he  removed  to  Manchester  to  undertake  the  pastorate 
of  the  Welsh  Independent  Church  there.  Having  held 
that  office  three  years,  he  accepted  an  invitation  to 
undertake  a  similar  charge  at  LlanfyUin.  He  took  up 
his  residence  accordingly  in  that  town  in  1839,  re- 
maining there  eighteen  years;  that  is,  until  October, 
1857,  when  old  age  and  infirmities  compelled  him 
to  resign  his  charge.  A  small  annuity  having  been 
secured  for  him  through  the  exertions  of  a  few  of  his 
numerous  friends,  he  retired  to  Oswestry  to  spend  his 
few  remaining  days.  But  he  was  not  destined  long  to 
enjoy  his  well-earned  rest,  for  in  three  weeks'  time  after 
his  removal  to  Oswestry,  namely,  on  the  14th  of  June 
1S5S,  he  died.  On  the  ISth  of  the  same  month  he  was 
buried  in  the  graveyard  belonging  to  the  Independent 
Chapel  at  LlanfyUin.  Mr.  Morganhad  a  strikingpresence, 
and  was  an  excellent  preacher.  His  sermons  generally 
displayed  much  ability,  but  his  delivery  was  too  rapid 
and  monotonous,  a  defect  which  prevented  his  attiiining 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  13 

any  great  popularity.  He  was  intensely  Nonconformist 
in  principle,  and  a  sturdy  advocate  of  religious  equality. 
He  was  a  great  reader,  a  hard  student,  and  an  incessant 
writer,  as  well  as  a  hard-working  pastor.  He  was  in 
the  habit  for  years  of  getting  up  to  his  studies  at 
three  o'clock  in  the  morning.  His  principal  works 
are: — 1.  Hanes  yr  Eglwys  Gristionogol  ("History  of 
the  Christian  Church",  2  vols.  1830);  2.  Dyledsivydd 
yr  Eglwysi  at  eu  Gweinidogiony  yn  cael  ei  ystyried 
mewn pregeth^'The  Duty  of  Churches  to  their  Ministers 
considered  in  a  sermon"),  1830  ;  3.  Pregeth  ar  Ymneill- 
duaeth  ("A  Sermon  on  Dissent") ;  4.  Pregeth  ar 
Ddiivygiad  Crefyddol  ("A  Sermon  on  Religious  Revi- 
vals"); 5.  Hanes  Fm?ici7ZcZt^ae^^  ("  History  of  Noncon- 
formity") 1855,  not  completed;  6.  Darlithiau  ar  Lyfr 
y  Datgiiddiad  ("  Lectures  on  the  Book  of  Revelation") ; 
and  7.  Cyfltvr  gvoreiddiol,  cwymp,  a  chynryciiiolaeth 
Adda  (^'Adam's  Original  State,  Fall,  and  Representative 
Character"  )•  All  these  works  displayed  no  less  the  clear 
and  acute  intellect  than  the  gi-eat  research  and  industry 
of  their  author.  He  also  wrote  a  great  deal  for  the 
Dysgedydd  and  other  magazines. — (Enwogion  Cymru, 
Cfwyddoniadur^  etc.) 

Morgan,  The  Ven.  Hugh,  M.A.,  was  the  second  son 
of  Hugh  Morgan  of  Machynlleth,  estate  agent  and 
merchant,  and  Catharine  his  wife,  and  was  born  in  the 
year  1826.  Being  destined  for  the  Church,  he  entered 
Jesus  College,  Oxford,  where  in  due  time  he  took  his 
Masters  degree.  He  was  ordained  Deacon  in  1849, 
and  Priest  in  1850.  After  serving  one  or  two  curacies, 
he,  in  1855,  succeeded  the  Rev.  Evan  Evans,  the  well- 
known  poet  leuan  Glan  Geirionyddy  as  Incumbent  of 
Rhyl,  where  he  continued  to  labour  up  to  the  time 
of  his  death.  As  a  parish  clergyman  he  was  very  hard- 
working and  conscientious  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties. 
In  consequence  of  the  rapid  growth  of  Rhyl,  it  became 
necessary  to  provide  additional  church  accommodation, 
chiefly  for  its  English  inhabitants.  This,  Mr.  Morgan 
with  great  zeal  set  about  doing;  and  owing  principally 


14  MONTQOMERTSHIRE    WORTHIES. 

to  his  exertions,  St.  Thomas's  Church,  a  very  handsome 
edifice  in  a  central  position,  was  built,  at  a  cost  of  up- 
wards of  £13,000.  It  was  partly  opened  for  Divine 
Service  in  1862,  but  was  not  finally  consecrated  until 
March  1869.  Mr.  Morgan  and  his  wife  contributed 
themselves  upwards  of  £1,500  of  the  total  expenditure. 
Mr.  Morgan  also  succeeded  in  getting  the  National  school 
greatly  enlarged  and  improved  in  1857,  at  a  cost  of 
over  £1,000.  Trinity  Church,  in  the  same  town,  was 
also  enlarged  and  improved,  in  1869,  and  an  organ 
was  set  up  in  it,  with  the  following  inscription  : 
*'  Rhodd  Hugh  Morgan,  Ficer  'Rhyl,  mewn  diolchus 
gof  am  garedigrwydd  ei  gyfeillion,  pan  ar  feddwl 
ymadaeliblwyfLlanrwst.  Nadolig  1867."  ("The  gift 
of  Hugh  Morgan,  Vicar  of  Rhyl,  in  grateful  remem- 
brance of  the  kindness  of  his  friends  when  he  thought 
of  leaving  for  the  parish  of  Llanrwst.  Christmas  1867.") 
This  refers  to  an  offer  made  to  him,  by  the  Bishop,  of 
the  valuable  living  of  Llanrwst,  worth  over  £900  per 
annum,  whereas  Rhyl  at  that  time  was  not  worth  £200 
a  year.  Mr.  Morgan,  greatly  to  his  honour,  declined 
the  offer,  preferring  to  continue  at  work  where  his 
labours  were  so  useful  and  so  highly  appreciated.  In 
1877  he  was  appointed  Canon  and  Archdeacon  of  St. 
Asaph,  but  these  honours  he  was  not  permitted  to  enjoy 
long.  He  died  at  the  Canonry  of  St.  Asaph,  June  8th, 
1878,  aged  fifty-two  years. 

Morgan,  Jenkin,  of  Crowlwm,  near  Llanidloes,  de- 
serves honourable  mention  among  the  Worthies  of  Mont- 
gomerj'shire,  as  the  first  who  established  a  Sunday  school 
in  Wales.  He  was  a  native  of  South  Wales,  and  was  a 
Methodist  exhorter,  and  the  master  of  one  of  Madam 
Sevan's  moveable  day  schools  at  Tynyfiron,  near  Crow- 
lwm, where  Mr.  Owen  Brown  then  resided.  None  but 
children  being  able  to  attend  the  day  school,  Jenkin 
Morgan  determined  to  establish  a  night  school  on 
Wednesdays  for  the  benefit  of  grown-up  persons.  This 
proved  so  great  a  success  that  shortly  afterwards  he 
determined  to  open  a  school  on  Sunday  afternoon  or 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  15 

evening.  This  step  greatly  increased  the  popularity 
of  his  school,  to  which  multitudes  flocked  from  distances 
of  five  miles  and  upwards,  and  in  all  sorts  of  weather. 
Besides  the  Bible,  it  appears  that  Vicar  Pritchard's 
Canwyll  y  Cymry  (The  Welshman's  Candle)  was  also 
used  as  a  text  book.  This  was  in  the  year  1769,  being 
at  least  twelve  or  thirteen  years  before  the  establish- 
ment of  Sabbath  schools  at  Gloucester  by  Mr.  Robert 
Baikes. — {Aleth.  Cymru ;  Evans's  Sunday  Schools  of 
Wales,  etc.) 

Morgan,  Rev.  John,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Matchin,  Essex, 
was  the  author  of  Myfyrdodau  ar  y  pedwar  peth  diwe- 
ddaf,  sefy  AngeUy  Barn,  Nefac  Uffem  ("Meditations  on 
the  four  last  things,  Death,  Judgment,  Heaven  and 
Hell").  The  author  had  been  Curate  at  Llanfyllin,  and 
as  a  token  of  his  esteem  for  his  old  parishioners,  the 
preface,  which  is  dated  Matchin,  May  6th,  1714,  is 
addressed  to  the  inhabitants  of  Llanfyllin.  Five  or  six 
editions  appeared  in  the  course  of  the  last  century. — 
{Llyfr.  y  Cymry,  444,  565.) 

Owen,  Anne  Warbqrton,  of  Glansevern,  Berriew, 
widow  and  relict  of  William  Owen,  Esq.,  K.C.,  of  the 
same  place,  was  the  daughter  and  only  child  of  Thomas 
Sloughter,  Esq.,  a  Captain  in  the  16th  (General  Bur- 
goyne's)  Regiment  of  Light  Dragoons,  son  of  Thomas 
Sloughter,  Esq.,  High  Sheriff  of  Cheshire  in  1756,  by 
Anne  his  wife,  daughter  of  Thomas  Warburton,  Esq., 
son  of  Sir  Peter  Warburton,  Bart.,  of  Arley.  She  was 
bom  January  22nd,  1782.  She  was  married,  first,  in 
February  1806,  to  the  Rev.  Thomas  Coupland  of 
Preston.  He  died  a  few  months  afterwards  at  Lisbon, 
where  they  were  both  staying  on  a  short  visit.  She  was 
afterwards,  in  1823,  married  to  William  Owen,  Esq., 
K.C.,  of  Glansevern  (of  whom  see  ante,  vol.  xv,  p. 
204),  who  died  November  10th,  1837.  She  left  no 
issue  by  either  marriage.  Mrs.  Owen,  during  a 
long  residence  in  Montgomeryshire  of  over  fifty-two 
years,  and  especially  during  her  second  widowhood, 
which  lasted  thirty-eight  years,  took  an  active  interest 


16  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

in  public  affairs,  and  in  all  matters  tending  to  the  social 
and  moral  improvement  of  her  poorer  and  less  fortunate 
neighbours.  Like  her  husband  (Mr.  Owen)  she  was  a 
staunch  advocate  of  political  reform,  and  to  her  latest 
day  took  the  liveliest  interest  in  the  promotion  and 
passing  of  Liberal  measures.  She  also  came  out  nobly 
in  aid  of  the  efforts  made  to  provide  railway  communi- 
cation between  Montgomeryshire  and  the  rest  of  the 
kingdom.  She  subscribed  £10,000  towards  the  Oswestry 
and  Newtown  Railway,  and  was  one  of  the  first  sub- 
scribers to  that  undertaking,  and  subscribed  consider- 
able sums  to  the  Llanidloes  and  Mid  Wales  lines.  For 
this  reason  she  was  selected  to  take  the  leading  part 
in  the  opening  ceremony  of  the  Newtown  and  Llanidloes 
Railway  on  the  31st  August  1859,  being  the  first  por- 
tion of  railway  opened  for  traffic  in  Montgomeryshire, 
and  she  occupied  a  similar  position  on  the  opening, 
shortly  afterwards,  of  the  Oswestry  and  Newtown 
Railway  to  Welshpool.  Mrs.  Owen  was  a  lady  of 
considerable  shrewdness  and  ability,  and  of  rather 
uncommon  business  capacity,  and  paid  great  attention 
to  the  welfare  of  her  numerous  tenantry  in  Berriew  and 
Llangurig,  and  in  Lancashire,  and  the  development  and 
improvement  of  her  estates.  Her  Montgomeryshire 
estates,  by  virtue  of  a  deed  of  settlement,  executed  in  her 
lifetime,  became  vested  upon  her  death  in  Arthur  Charles 
Humphreys,  Esq.  (a  great  grand-nephew  of  her  late 
husband),  who  thereupon  took  the  name  and  arms  of 
Owen,  in  pursuance  of  a  clause  in  the  same  Deed. 
Mrs.  Owen  lived  to  a  very  great  age.  She  died 
January  5th,  1876,  being  only  seventeen  days  short  ot 
completing  the  ninety-fourth  year  of  her  age.  On  the 
llth  of  the  same  month  she  was  buried  beside  her 
late  husband  at  Berriew  Church. 

Price,  Owen,  was  a  native  of  Montgomeryshire.  In 
October  1648  he  was  entered  a  scholar  of  Jesus  College, 
Oxford,  by  the  Parliamentary  Visitors,  where  he  remained 
four  years,  and  afterwards  was  appointed  master  of  a 
public  school  in  Wales,  and  in  that  capacity  took  much 


MONTGOMEKYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  17 

pains  to  impart  Presbyterian  principles  to  his  pupils. 
In  1655  he  returned  to  the  University,  and  became  a 
student  of  Christ  Church,  and  the  following  year  took 
his  degree.  Soon  afterwards,  he  became  master  of  the 
free  school  near  Magdalen  College,  to  which,  by  his  in- 
dustry and  good  way  of  teaching,  he  attracted  many 
scholars.  Upon  the  Restoration  he  was  ejected  for 
Nonconformity,  and  after  that  kept  school,  in  which  he 
much  delighted,  in  various  places  in  Devonshire  and 
elsewhere.     He  was  the  author  of  the  following  works  : 

1.  "  The  Vocal  Organ:  or  a  new  Art  of  teaching 
Orthography,  by  observing  the  Instruments  of  Pro- 
nunciation and  the  Difference  between  Words  of  like 
sound,  whereby  any  outlandish  or  mere  Englishman, 
Woman,  or  Child,  may  speedily  attain  to  the  exact 
Spelling,  Reading,  Writing,  or  Pronouncing  of  any  word 
in  the  English  Tongue,  without  the  advantage  of  its 
fountains,  the  .Greek  and  Latin"  (Oxon.  1665,  8vo.) ; 

2.  ^^ English  Orthography :  teaching  (l)  The  Letters  of 
every  sort  of  Print.  (2)  AH  Syllables  made  of  letters" ; 
(3)  *'  Short  Rules  by  way  of  Question  and  Answer  for 
Spelling,  Reading,  Pronouncing,  using  the  great  Letters 
and  their  Points."  (4)  Examples  of  all  Words  of  like 
sounds  etc.  (Oxon.  1670,  8vo.).  He  died  at  Oxford  on 
the  25th  of  November  1671,  and  was  buried  two  days 
afterwards  near  the  door  leading  to  the  belfry  of  St. 
Peter's  in  the  East,  Oxford. — (Woods  Athence  Oxon.) 

PuGH,  David,  of  Llanerchydol,  for  many  years 
Member  of  Parliament  for  the  Montgomery  Boroughs, 
was  the  son  of  Charles  Pugh,  Esq.,  and  Jane  his  wife, 
who  married,  secondly.  Sir  Arthur  Davies  Owen,  of 
Glansevern.  He  was  born  August  14th,  1 789.  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Llanerchydol  estates,  under  the  will  of  his 
great-uncle,  David  Pugh,  Esq.,  of  London  (SheriflF  1793), 
on  the  death  of  his  widow  in  October  1819.  Mr.  Pugh 
joined  the  local  Militia,  in  which  he  became  Captain, 
in  December  1819.  In  1828  the  old  regiment  was 
disbanded,  but  in  February  1831  a  new  corps  of  Yeo- 
manry Cavalry  was  formed,  with  the  Right  Hon.  C. 

VOL.  XVII.  c 


18  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

W.  W.  Wynn,  M.P.,  as  Lieut. -Colonel,  and  Mr.  Pugh 
as  Major,  a  post  which  he  resigned  in  January  1844. 
He  served  the  office  of  Sheriflf  of  his  native  county  in 
1 823, and  in  1 830  was  appointed  Recorder  of  Welshpool, 
an  office  which  was  abolished  by  the  operation  of  the 
Municipal  Corporations  Act.  Mr.  Pugh  was  also  a 
Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Deputy  Lieutenant  for 
Montgomeryshire.  At  the  first  general  election  after 
the  passing  of  the  Reform  Act  of  1832,  which  took 
place  in  December  that  year,  Mr.  Pugh  was  elected 
Member  of  Parliament  for  the  newly  constituted  district 
of  Montgomeryshire  Boroughs,  in  the  Conservative  in- 
terest. He  was  opposed  by  Col.  (afterwards  Sir  John) 
Edwards,  the  Whig,  or  Reform,  candidate,  whom  he 
defeated  by  a  majority  of  14,  the  number  of  votes  re- 
corded being  for  Pugh  336,  Edwards  321.  A  petition 
was,  however,  immediately  lodged  against  his  return, 
which  was  heard  the  following  April,  and  resulted  in 
his  being  unseated.  He  did  not  again  seek  the  suffrages 
of  the  electors  until  the  general  election  of  1847,  when 
he  entered  the  field  as  an  opponent  of  the  sitting 
member,  the  Hon.  Hugh  Cholmondeley  (afterwards 
Baron  Delamere).  Party  feeling  ran  very  high,  and  the 
contest  was  so  exceedingly  close  that  it  resulted  in  a 
double  return,  the  number -of  votes  on  both  sides  being 
equal.  The  Indenture  returning  Mr.  Cholmondeley 
was,  however,  taken  off  the  file  by  order  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  dated  February  14th,  1848,  and  Mr.  Pugh 
retained  the  seat.  At  the  general  election  of  1852, 
Mr.  George  Hammond  Whalley,  of  Plasmadoc,  came 
out  to  oppose  him,  but  was  defeated  by  a  majority  of 
135  votes,  the  numbers  being  for  Pugh  435,  Whalley, 
300.  At  the  general  election  of  1857  the  seat  was 
not  contested,  and  Mr.  Pugh  continued  to  represent 
the  Boroughs  until  his  death.  He  never,  it  is  believed, 
took  part  in  the  debates  in  the  House  of  Commons,  but 
faithfully  supported  his  party  with  his  vote.  Mr.  Pugh 
was  one  of  the  promoters  and  first  Directors  of  the 
Oswestry  and  Newtown  Railway,  and  waa  also  an  active 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  19 

and  useful  County  Magistrate,  and,  as  a  kind  and  cour- 
teous country  gentleman,  was  much  respected  by  all 
who  knew  him,  irrespective  of  political  diflFerences  of 
opinion.  He  died  April  20th,  1861,  and  was  buried 
at  Welshpool  parish  church.  Mr.  Pugh,  by  his  wife 
Anne,  daughter  and  heiress  of  Evan  Hugh  Vaughan, 
Esq.,  of  Beguildy,  Radnorshire,  whom  he  married  July 
11th,  1815,  and  who  died  October  8th,  1863,  had  five 
children,  namely  (1)  David,  born  April  24th,  1817,  died 
unmarried,  September  23rd,  1857 ;  (2)  Margaret  Anne, 
bom  in  1818,  married  Captain  Willes  Johnson,  R.N. 
(who  was  a  brother  of  Lady  Edwards,  the  relict 
of  Sir  John  Edwards,  Bart.,  and  succeeded  Mr.  Pugh 
as  M.P.  for  the  Montgomery  Boroughs),  died  No- 
vember 25th,  1881,  leaving  three  daughters;  (3) 
Charles  Vaughan,  Captain  90th  Light  Infantry,  born 
May  19th,  1819,  married  Felicia  Harriet,  only 
daughter  of  Captain  Gosling,  R.N.,  died  without 
issue  December  28th,  1874  ;  (4)  Mary  Jane,  married 
Peter  Audley  Lovell,  Esq.,  of  Cole  Park,  Wilts,  who 
died  March  18th,  1869,  leaving  one  son,  Peter  Audley 
David  Arthur  Lovell,  Lieut.  Coldstream  Guards  ;  (5) 
John  Cadwalader,  Lieut.  1st  Royal,  bom  May  30th, 
1829,  died  unmarried,  July  19th,  1851.  Of  the  above 
sons  and  daughters  of  Mr.  Pugh,  Mrs.  Lovell  alone 
survives,  and  by  Royal  License  she  took  the  additional 
name  of  Pugh,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  her 
father^s  will. 

RiCHAKDS,  John,  of  Llwyngronwy,  near  Machynlleth, 
was  the  author  of  a  small  work  published  at  Mach- 
ynlleth in  1787  under  the  titie,  Ychydig  o  JReolau  i'w 
derbyn  a!u  harfer  gan  bob  difn  ag  sydd  am  fad  yn 
Gristion  yn  ol  y  Bibl  ("A  few  Rules  to  be  received  and 
made  use  of  by  every  Man  that  would  be  a  Christian 
according  to  the  Bible").  Another  edition  apparently 
followed  in  1789. — (Llyfr.  y  Cymry.) 

Roberts,  Rev.  George,  of  Ebensburg,  Pennsylvania, 
was  born  at  Bronyllan,  in  the  parish  of  Mochdre, 
Montgomeryshire,  February  11th,  1769.     His  parents 

.c2 


20  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

were  Evan  and  Mary  Roberts,  who,  after  a  long  life  of 
piety,  ended  their  days  at  Bont-Dolgadfau,  Llanbryn- 
mair.  George  Roberts  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Rev. 
John  Roberts  of  Llanbrynmair,  and  uncle  of  the  poet 
Gwilym  Cyfeiliog^  and  his  brother,  the  Rev.  Richard 
Williams  (C.M.),  Liverpool,  and  of  the  Revs.  Samuel 
and  John  Roberts,  Conway.  On  May  20th,  1795,  he 
married  Jane  Edwards,  of  Cwmderwen,  Llanerfyl, 
and  on  the  11th  of  the  following  July  they  and 
some  of  their  kindred  and  friends  arranged  to 
emigrate  to  the  United  States  of  America.  Their 
friend,  Ezekiel  Hughes,  of  Cwmcarnedducha  (see 
ante,  p.  3),  one  of  the  company,  had  engaged  the 
Marixiy  a  Bristol  ship,  for  the  voyage,  and  they  walked 
all  the  way  from  Llanbrynmair  to  Carmarthen  to  meet 
the  Mariay  but  as  it  could  not  at  that  time  sail  up  the 
Carmarthen  River,  they  engaged  a  smaller  ship  to  take 
them  to  Bristol ;  but  that  smaller  ship  was  closely 
watched  by  a  press-gang,  and  to  evade  the  horrid 
danger  of  being  taken  and  "  pressed"  into  the  navy, 
the  husbands  resolved  to  walk  all  the  way  from  Car- 
marthen to  Bristol,  leaving  their  courageous  young 
wives  and  their  luggage  to  comie  after  them  in  the  little 
ship  of  William  Hugh.  As  that  little  craft  was  very 
slow  in  spreading  its  sails  to  start,  the  women  became 
uneasy,  and  resolved  to  walk  after  their  husbands  to- 
wards Bristol.  Their  husbands  and  the  captain  of  the 
Maria,  confident  that  they  shoxild  meet  the  small  ship 
of  William  Hugh,  sailed  towards  America,  and  they 
did  meet  Hugh's  ship,  as  expected,  but  to  their  great 
sorrow  their  wives  were  not  there,  and  William  Hugh 
would  not  deliver  up  tlieir  luggage  but  in  the  Bristol 
Custom  House ;  consequently  they  had  to  return  to 
Bristol,  where  they  happily  found  their  wives  alive,  but 
in  sorrow  and  distress.  Their  joy  on  meeting  after  such 
trials  and  confusion  cannot  be  expressed.  It  is  painful 
to  reflect  on  the  anxieties,  and  troubles  and  expenses 
caused  unto  them  and  many  others  by  the  cruel 
oppressions  of  the  barbarous  press-gangs  of  those  bloody 
days.     The  partners  of  George  Roberts  were  Ezekiel 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  21 

Hughes,  of  Cwmcarnedducha,  and  Edward  Bebb,  who 
had  married  Margaret,  a  sister  of  George  Roberts,  and 
Rev.  Rees  Lloyd,  and  William  and  Morgan  Gwilym, 
and  David  Francis,  and  their  families  and  some  others. 
They  were  very  dear  friends,  but  after  laborious  move- 
ments in  America,  they  settled  in  diflferent  localities. 
George  Roberts  started  the  Cambria  Settlement  in 
Pennsylvania.  Edward  Bebb  settled  in  the  fruitful 
valley  of  Paddys  Run,  Ohio,  where  he  started  a 
flourishing  settlement ;  and  Ezekiel  Hughes  bought  a 
large  tract  of  rich  land  at  Cleves,  near  Cincinnati, 
and  became  a  friend  and  neighbour  of  President 
Harrison.  Bebb's  son  William  was  elected  Governor 
of  Ohio,  and  filled  afterwards  several  ofl&ces  under 
the  United  States  Government.  They  all  at  first 
sustained  many  hardships  and  privations,  but  lived 
to  see  their  small  clusters  of  pole  cabins  develop  into 
flourishing  cities.  George  Roberts  was  very  highly 
esteemed  in  the  various  callings  which  he  followed. 
He  was  handy  at  the  loom  in  weaving  warm  clothing 
for  his  family  and  neighbours.  He  was  earnest  and 
practical  as  a  Christian  minister.  He  was  keen  and 
impartial  as  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  county.  He  was 
a  regular  and  very  affectionate  correspondent,  especially 
with  his  brother  and  other  relatives  in  Wales;  was 
intimate  with  Mr.  Rush,  the  then  United  States 
Ambassador  to  London,  and  was  always  anxious  to 
strengthen  all  feelings  of  goodwill  and  co-operation 
between  England  and  the  United  States.  Though 
George  Roberts  and  his  sisters,  and  Ezekiel  Hughes, 
and  Edward  Bebb,  and  Rev.  Rees  Lloyd,  and  William 
and  Morgan  Gwilym,  and  David  Francis,  and  their 
families  and  companions,  now  rest  from  their  labours, 
they  have  left  their  footprints  for  our  guidance,  and  their 
works  do  follow  them.  Though  dead  they  yet  speak, 
their  memories  are  blessed,  and  the  influence  of  their 
lives  will  benefit  coming  generations.  George  Roberts,  in 
1834,  published  at  Ebensburg,  A  View  of  the  Primitive 
Ages,  being  a  translation  of  Dn/ch  y  Prif  Oesoedd,  by 
the  Rev.  Theophihis  Evans.     This  translation  was  re- 


22  MONTOOMERTSHIRE  WORTHIES. 

printed  at  Llanidloes  some  twenty  years  ago.  George 
Koberts  lived  to  a  good  old  age.  He  died  at  Ebensburg 
in  November  1853,  in  his  eighty-fifth  year.  Among 
his  children  were  Thomas,  an  able  and  popular  preacher, 
who  died  young ;  Edward,  a  successful  merchant  at 
Ebensburg  ;  q.nd  another  son  well  known  in  America  as 
Judge  Roberts.  He  had  also  three  daughters.  Many 
of  his  descendants  occupv  good  positions,  and  are  held 
in  high  esteem  as  active,  loyal,  and  high-minded  citizens 
of  the  United  States. — {Ex.  inf.  Rev.  S.  Roberts,  etc.) 
Thomas,  Evan,  was  the  son  of  John  Abel,  or  John 
Thomas,  of  Wtra  Wen,  in  the  parish  of  Llanfair,  and 
was  bom  in  the  year  1733.  He  was  brought  up  a 
printer,  and  was  an  accurate  and  quick  compositor,  and 
a  good  Welsh  scholar,  which  caused  his  services  to  be 
sought  and  appreciated  in  EngUsh  printine  offices  where 
Welsh  books  were  printed.  From  Shrewsbury,  where 
he  was  employed  in  1 765,  he  removed  to  Chester,  thence 
about  1767  to  Carmarthen,  where  he  remained  some 
years,  and  among  other  works  corrected  for  the  press 
an-  edition  of  the  Welsh  Bible.  He  was  then  one  of 
the  principal  contributors  to  the  Eurgrawn  Cymraeg, 
the  first  Welsh  magazine  ever  published,  which  first 
came  out  about  1770  under  the  editorship  of  the  Rev. 
Peter  Williams,  and  was  printed  by  Mr.  John  Ross,  of 
Carmarthen,  where  Thomas  was  employed.  His  father, 
John  Thomas,  also  contributed  some  poetry  to  the  maga- 
zine. In  1781  he  was  a  compositor  in  the  office  of 
Mr.  T.  Wood,  the  first  publisher  of  the  Shreioshury 
Chronicle.  He  was  married  to  a  lady  of  very  respectable 
connections,  being  a  sister  of  Mr.  Richards,  father  of 
Baron  Richards  of  Caerynwch.  Unfortunately  he  gave 
way  to  drink,  and  became  a  man  of  a  somewhat  loose 
character  in  his  later  years.  He  had  given  up  his 
occupation  as  a  printer,  and  set  up  as  an  astrologer, 
conjurer,  and  foreteller  of  future  events,  to  such  as 
would  listen  to  him;  and  towards  the  end  of  his  life  had 
become  a  wanderer  so  poor  and  needy  that  he  had  often 
to  beg  for  his  daily  bread,  and  at  last  was  glad  to  find 
a  refuge  in  the  House  of  Industry  at  Shrewsbury,  where 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  23 

he  died  on  the  I2th  of  January  1814,  aged  eighty  years. 
He  was  a  good  poet,  many  of  his  productions  being 
published  under  the  bardic  name  of  leuan  Fardd  Du. 
Asides  various  works  of  other  authors  which  were 
brought  out  of  the  press  under  his  editorship  and  su- 
perintendence, he  wrote  or  translated  the  following : 
Anfeidrol  werthfawrogrwydd  Enaid  dyn,  etc.  ("  The 
Infinite  Value  of  Man  s  Soul,"  etc.),  1767;  2.  Helaeth- 
rvrydd  o  ras  ir  periaf  o  hechaduriaid  ( "  Grace 
abounding,"  etc.),  by  John  Bunyan,  a  new  translation, 
.1767 ;  3.  Bamedigaeihau  ofnadwy  Duw  ar  hlant  creur- 
lawTfiy  drwg  ac  anufudd  i'w  rhieni  ("  God's  Terrible 
Judgments  on  Cruel,  Wicked,  and  Disobedient  Children") 
a  translation,  1767;  4.  Traethawd  ar  Fywyd  Ffydd 
("A  Treatise  on  a  Life  of  Faith",  by  the  Rev.  W. 
Bomaine),  a  translation,  1767;  5.  Hymnaxi  cymmwys 
i  addoliad  Duw  o  tvaiih  y  diweddar  JBarch.  Jenkin 
Jones^  yn  nghydai  Farwnad  ("Hymns  adapted  to  the 
Worship  of  God,  by  the  late  Rev.  Jenkin  Jones,  with 
his  Elegy"'),  1768.  He  also  for  some  time  published  an 
Almanac  in  his  own  name,  price  sixpence. — \Camhro 
Britaii,  i,  463;  Llyfr.  y  Cymry,  etc.) 

TunuR,  the  founder  of  Darowen  Church,  was  a  saint 
who  lived  about  the  close  of  the  sixth  century.  He  was 
one  of  the  sons  ,of  Arwystli  GloflF  by  Tywyn wedd, 
daughter  of  Amlawdd  Wledig,  and  was  the  brother  of 
Tyfrydog,  Twmog,  and  Twrog.  The  church  of 
Mynyddislwyn  is  also  dedicated  to  him. — (Rees's  Welsh 
Saints;  lolo  MSS.,  etc.) 

Tydecho,  a  saint  who  lived  in  the  early  part  of  the 
sixth  century,  was  the  son  of  Amwn  Ddu  ab  Emyr 
Llydaw,  and  came  with  his  cousin,  St.  Cadfan,  from 
Armorica  to  Wales.  He  settled  with  his  sister  Tegfedd 
in  the  district  of  Mawddwy,  and  founded  the  churches 
of  Llanymawddwy,  Mallwyd,  Cemmaes,  and  Garth- 
beibio.  Formerly,  a  chapel  called  Capel  Tydecho  also 
existed  in  Llandegfan,  Anglesey.  The  sanctity  of  his 
life  became  known  far  and  wide,  but  Maelgwn  Gwynedd, 
then  a  dissolute  young  man,  offered  him  many  wrongs 
and  insults,  which  proved  harmless  to  the  saint,  owing 


24  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

to  the  miracles  which  he  was  able  to  perform.  MaelgWD 
was  brought  to  his  senses,  and  made  ample  reparation 
by  gifts  and  immunities.  Cynon,  another  chief  also,  who 
carried  away  his  sister  Tegfedd,  was  compelled  in  like 
manner  to  restore  her  imhurt,  and  to  make  amends  by 
the  grant  of  lands  in  Garthbeibio.     These  and  other 

Particulars  are  given  at  length  in  the  legend  of  St. 
'ydecho,  written  in  the  form  of  a  Cywyddy  or  Ode,  by 
Dafydd  Llwyd  ab  Llywelyn  ab  Gruffydd,  of  Mathafarn, 
the  eminent  poet,  about  the  year  1450,  and  which  is 
printed  in  the  Cam.  Reg.^  vol.  ii,  p.  375. — {Ibid.) 

Vaughan,  Sir  Griffith,  Knight  Banneret,  Lord  of 
Burgedin,  Trelydan,  Garth  and  Gaerfawr  in  Guilsfield, 
and  knighted,  it  is  said,  on  the  field  of  Agincourt. 
(See  "  A  Powysian  at  Agincourt ",  in  Mont  ColLy  ii, 
p.  139  ;  also  pedigree  in  Mont.  Coll.,  viii,  pp.  309,  404.) 
Vaughan,  Margaret,  was  the  second  daughter  of 
Richard  Herbert,  Esq.,  of  Montgomery,  and  sister  to 
Edward,  first  Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury.  She  was 
married  to  John  Vaughan,  son  and  heir  to  Owen 
Vaughan,  of  Llwydiarth,  by  which  match  (Lord  Herbert 
in  his  Autobiography  observes)  "some  former  differences 
betwixt  our  house  and  that  were  appeased  and  re- 
conciled." At  her  request,  Edward  Morris,  of  Perthi- 
llwydion,  translated  into  Welsh  TJie  ChHstian  Monitor^ 
and  it  was  published  in  1689  at' her  expense  under  the 
title  Y  Rhyhuddiwr  CristnogawL  For  this,  Huw 
Morus,  the  poet,  composed ^ngr^ynion  inher  praise,  which 
are  reprinted  among  his  collected  works  in  Eos  Ceiriog. 
Vaughan,  Rees,  a  learned  barrister  of  Gray's  Inn, 
and  author  of  Practica  WallicBj  printed  in  1672  (after 
his  death),  was  the  second  son  of  Harry  Vaughan  of 
Gelligoch,  Machynlleth,  by  his  wife  Mary,  daughter  of 
Maurice  Wynn,  Esq.,  of  Glyn,  Merionethshire.  His 
elder  brother  Harry  having  died  without  issue,  he 
became  heir  to  the  Gelligoch  estate,  and  is  so  described 
in  1654^  The  Practica  WallicB  was  a  guide  to  the 
proceedings  of  the  Great  Sessions  in  Wales,  and  ia- 
cluded  abridgments  of  the  principal  statutes  relating 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  25 

to  Wales,  with  tables  of  fees,  etc.  In  July  1653  he 
was  appointed  Prothonotary  for  the  counties  of  Denbigh 
and  Montgomery,  and  he  is  said  to  have  stood  as  a 
candidate  at  an  election  for  the  county  of  Merioneth. 
GelHgoch  has  additional  interest  from  being  the  birth- 
place of  Mrs.  Cobden,  or  at  least  the  place  where  she 
spent  part  of  her  early  life,  and  where  her  father  and 
grandfather  long  resided.  It  now  belongs  to  Mr.  David 
Howell,  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Powysland 
Club. — {Mont.  Coll.,  ix,  426  ;  Byegones,  August  1882.) 
Walton,  James,  of  Dolforgan,  Kerry,  was  remarkable 
for  his  inventive  genius.  Like  Brindley  and  Arkwrigh't 
and  other  great  leaders  of  industry  who  have  established 
the  supremacy  of  England  as  a  manufacturing  nation, 
he  was  a  man  of  marked  individuality  of  character, 
clearness  of  mental  vision,  strength  of  will,  and  stead- 
fastness of  purpose,  and  he  has'  left  behind  him  a  long 
roll  of  original  ideas,  manyof  which,  carried  into  practice, 
have  assisted  greatly  in  increasing  the  productive 
powers  of  the  great  cotton-spinning  trade.  He  was 
the  son  of  Mr.  Isaac  Walton,  a  merchant  and  friezer  of 
woollen  goods, and  was  bom  at  the  Stubbins,  Ripponden, 
Yorkshire,  April  15th,  1803.  While  working  with  his 
father  he  noticed  the  defects  of  the  somewhat  primitive 
friezing  machine  then  in  use,  and  set  to  work  to  im- 
prove it.  He  was  then  from  eighteen  to  twenty  years 
of  age.  To  enable  himself  to  carry  out  his  experiments 
he  removed  to  a  small  workshop  near  the  North  Bridge, 
Halifax,  where  he  constructed  the  first  improved 
friezing  machine.  About  1824  he  removed  to  larger 
premises  at  Sowerby  Bridge.  To  meet  the  demand 
that  arose,  he  built  a  considerable  number  of  these 
machines  for  the  supply  of  the  then  famous  Petersham 
cloth,  and  for  two  years,  that  is,  while  that  cloth  con- 
tinued in  fashion,  they  were  kept  continuously  working 
day  and  night.  Thi»  first  success  brought  him  a  con- 
siderable fortune;  but  not  satisfied  with  it  he  continued 
his  experiments,  the  result  being  that  in  1834  he 
invented  a  series  of  machines  for  raising  the  pile  of 


26  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

woollen  fabrics  by  means  of  wire  cards,  in  place  of  the 
vegetable  teazles  formerly  employed  for  that  purpose. 
He  also  constructed  at  Sowerby  *  Bridge  the  largest 
planing  machine  which  had  up  to  that  time  been 
attempted  in  this  country.  About  1836  he  went  to 
Manchester,  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Messrs. 
Parr  &  Curtis,  the  owners  of  the  original  American 
card-setting  machine,  who  carried  on  the  business  of 
patent  cardmaking  in  Store  Street,  London  Road,  and 
subsequently  in  Ancoats,  where  the  extensive  machine- 
making  works  of  Messrs.  Parr  &  Curtis  are  still  carried 
on.  Mr.  Walton  invented  several  beautiful  and  in- 
genious contrivances  for  the  improvement  of  the  card- 
setting  machine,  which  he  brought  to  its  present  high 
state  of  speed  and  perfection.  It  was,  indeed,  for  a 
long  time,  and  to  some  extent  still  is,  one  of  the  most 
interesting  and  attractive  sights  in  the  cotton  industry 
o(  Lancashire.  Amidst  all  the  wonders  of  mechanical 
science  it  stands  almost  unrivalled  as  an  example  of 
rapidity  and  precision  of  mechanical  action,  and  many 
have  watched  its  movements  and  stood  lost  in  wonder 
at  the  almost  sentient  activity  of  this  little  automaton, 
which  hour  after  hour  works  on  with  unvarying  certainty 
of  ac|ion.  About  this  time  he  also  invented  and 
patented  an  improved  foundation  for  the  backs  of  wire 
cards,  namely  layers  of  cloth  and  indiarubber  connected 
together  in  lieu  of  leather.  This  invention  was  con- 
tested, and  became  the  subject  of  long  and  expensive 
litigation,  the  suits  of  Walton  v.  Potter  &  Horsfall, 
which  extended  from  1839  to  1843.  Mr.  Walton  then 
made  a  vow  that  he  would  never  afterwards  enter  a 
Court  of  Justice,  a  vow  which  he  religiously  observed 
even  while  he  was  High  Sheriff  of  Montgomeryshire. 
The  rubber  as  then  manufactured  by  the  process  of 
mastication  proving  defective,  Mr.  Walton  again  set  to 
work  and  remedied  the  defect  by  the  invention  of  a 
series  of  ingenious  machines  and  processes  which  en- 
abled him  to  produce  an  endless  sheet  of  rubber  without 
mastication.     Having  succeeded,  he  would  not  trust 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  27 

himself  again  to  the  uncertain  protection  of  the  patent 
laws  of  tne  time,  but  selected  trustworthy  men  to  work 
in  these  departments,  which  he  kept  strictly  under  lock 
and  key  for  about  ten  years,  during  which,  and  before 
the  secret  leaked  out,  he  was  able  not  only  to  recoup 
himself  the  great  cost  of  the  previous  patent  trials,  but 
to  accumulate  a  large  fortune  out  of  the  advantage  his 
cards  possessed  over  those  of  other  manufacturers. 
His  process  is  now  almost  universally  adopted  as  the 
most  perfect  method  of  making  wire  cards  for  cotton 
spinning.  After  some  time  Mr.  Walton's  partnership 
with  Messrs.  Parr  &  Curtis  was  dissolved.  In  1853  he 
established  the  large  card-manufacturing  concern  at 
HaugHton  Dale,  near  Manchester,  the  largest  of  its 
kind  probably  in  the  world,  where  he  and  his  sons 
effected  many  other  important  improvements,  which 
greatly  reduced  the  price  of  cards,  the  cotton-spinner 
of  to-day  paying  about  one-fourth  of  the  prices  formerly 
charged.  Among  numerous  other  inventions  by  Mr. 
Walton,  not  already  mentioned,  may  be  named  the 
machines  for  cutting  and  facing  the  various  tappets  and 
double  twill  wheels,  the  first  practical  wire  stop-motion 
for.  machines,  a  new  system  of  wire-drawing,  wire- 
testing,  and  wire  brush-making,  and  the  patent  rolled 
angular  wire,  all  of  which  attest  .the  fertility  of  his 
inventive  genius.  It  is  satisfactory  to  be  able  to  add 
that  he  himself  was  permitted  to  reap  the  reward'  of 
his  own  patient  toil,  talent  and  industry,  and  that  he 
amassed  a  large  fortune.  He  resided  some  years  at 
Compstall,  in  Derbyshire.  Subsequently,  he,  about 
eighteen  or  twenty  years  ago,  purchased  the  Cwm- 
Uecoediog  estate,  Mallwyd,  and  took  up  his  residence 
there.  He  afterwards,  in  1868,  purchased  the  mansion 
and  estate  of  Dolforgan,  Kerry,  where  he  principally 
dwelt  the  rest  of  his  life,  having  retired  from  active 
business  some  years  before.  He  served  the  office  of 
Sheriff  of  Montgomeryshire  in  1877.  Mr.  Walton  was 
of  a  very  quiet,  retiring  disposition,  and  could  never 
be  induced  to  appear  as  a  public  man.     He  was  a  very 


28  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

liberal  benefactor  to  institutions  of  a  religious,  edu- 
cational and  charitable  character,  and  often  gave  away 
large  sums  anonymously.  He  erected  a  large  day  and 
Sunday  school  at  Haughton,  and  in  1876  he  and  his 
son,  Mr.  William  Walton,  founded  and  endowed  a 
church  at  the  same  place 'at  a  cost  of  £4,000.  A  little 
before  his  death  he  contributed  £1,000  towards  the 
restoration  of  Kerry  Church.  He  died  at  Dolforgan, 
November  5th,  1883,  aged  eighty  years,  and  was  buried 
in  Kerry  churchyard,  being,  in  fact,  the  first  to  be 
interred  in  a  portion  of  land  just  added  from  the 
Dolforgan  estate.  Mr.  Walton's  only  surviving  sons, 
William  (who  still  carries  on  the  business  at  Haughton) 
and  Phillip,  inherit  some  of  Mr.  Walton's  inventive 
genius,  Mr.  Phillip  Walton  having  originated  and 
established  the  now  important  industry  of  linoleum 
floorcloth,  as  well  as  that  of  Lincrusta-Walton  wall 
decoration. — {Times;  Oswestry  Advertiser;  Halifax 
Guardian^  etc.) 

Waring,  Edmund,  Esq.,  of  Aberhavesp  Hall,  was  a 
devoted  adherent  of  King  Charles  I,  and  was  one  of 
those  who  at  one  time  were  intended  to  be  made 
Knights  of  the  Royal  Oak  as  a  reward  for  their  loyalty. 
His  estate  was  then  valued  at  £700. — (Gw.  Mechain  s 
Works,  iii,  p.  207.) 

Williams,  Evan,  parish  Clerk  of  Llanfihangel  in  the 
early  years  of  the  present  century,  was  a  poet  of  some 
genius.  His  compositions  were  chiefly  carols,  but  little 
of  his  work  has  been  published.  He  was  a  joiner  by 
trade.  He  had  some  unhappy  difierences  with  his 
satirical  contemporary,  Twm  o'r  Nant. — {Lleyn  MSS.) 

Williams,  Henry,  of  Ysgafell,  Llanllwchaiarn.  A 
very  full  account  of  this  worthy,  written  by  his  gifted 
descendant,  Miss  Jane  Williams,  having  already  appeared 
in  Mont.  Coll.,  iv,  p.  169,  it  will  not  be  necessary  here  to 
do  more  than  refer  the  reader  to  that  Memoir. 

Williams,  Rev.  Richard,  of  Liverpool,  was  the 
second  son  of  Richard  and  Mary  Williams  of  Winllan, 
afterwards  of  Weeg,  Llanbrynmair.     He  was  born  at 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES.  29 

the  former  place  on  the  31st  of  January  1802.  His 
father  was  a  flannel  manufacturer  in  rather  a  small  way, 
to  which  business  he,  some  years  after  his  marriage, 
added  that  of  a  farmer.  His  mother  was  a  sister  of 
that  eminent  minister  of  Christ,  the  Rev.  John  Roberts 
of  Llanbrynmair.  Both  were  persons  of  very  high 
moral  character,  and  brought  up  tneir  children,  of  whom 
they  had  ten,  with  great  care.  He  received  his  early 
education  at  a  school  kept  by  his  uncle  Roberts,  and  when 
he  was  sixteen  years  was  placed  for  three  months  only 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  William  Owen,  who  kept  school 
at  Welshpool,  to  obtain  a  better  knowledge  of  English. 
When  he  was  about  twenty  years  old  he  began  to 
preach  with  the  Calvinistic  Methodists.  He  also 
occasionally  wrote  poetry  about  this  time,  some  pieces 
of  which  are  still  well  known.  lu  1826  he  spent  four 
months  at  Birmingham  and  three  months  at  Wrexham, 
partly  in  preaching  and  partly  in  improving  himself  in 
English  grammar  and  other  branches  of  knowledge.  He 
read  with  avidity  every  good  or  useful  book  that  he  could 
get  hold  of,  and  was  a  very  hard  student.  He  intended 
going  to  Cheshunt  College  about  this  time  to  prepare 
himself  for  the  ministry,  but  was  persuaded  by  some  of 
his  friends  to  go  in  the  first  instance  to  a  good  school 
at  Liverpool  for  a  year  or  two  before  going  to  College. 
He  accordingly  entered  a  superior  school  there,  at  which 
he  remained  for  eighteen  months,  but  his  funds  falling 
short  he  opened  a  school  himself  for  his  own  support. 
This  was  in  the  beginning  of  1830.  In  the  summer  of 
that  year  he  married  Mary,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Hughes  of  Liverpool.  In  July  1834  he  gave 
up  school-keeping,  so  that  he  might  devote  himself  more 
exclusively  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  which  during 
the  remainder  of  his  life  he  did  with  great  zeal  and 
devotion,  more  especially  in  connection  with  the  church 
assembled  in  Mulberry  Street  Chapel,  Liverpool.  He 
was  ordained  to  administer  the  Sacmments  in  June 
1835.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  Total  Abstinence 
movement  which  was  set  on  foot  soon  after  this  time. 


30  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

In  1838  he  began  to  write  a  series  of  able  essays  on 
doctrinal  points  for  the  Drysorfa^  in  the  form  of  dialogues 
between  a  preacher  and  his  hearer,  which  attracted 
much  attention  and  caused  an  urgent  demand  to  be 
made  for  their  publication  in  a  collected  form.  This 
was  complied  with,  and  the  first  edition  of  the  work, 
Y  Pregethwr  aV  Gwrandaior  ('*The  Preacher  and  Hear- 
er"), appeared  in  the  spring  of  1840.  Thousands  of  copies 
were  sold  in  the  course  of  a  few  months,  and  a  second 
edition  was  called  for,  which  came  out  in  the  early 
part  of  1842.  A  third  edition,  with  a  Life  of  the 
author,  appeared  in  1861.  Besides  this,  he  also 
commenced  the  publication  of  a  series  of  dialogues 
between  Y  Methodist  dr  Llanwr  ("The  Methodist  and 
Churchman")  on  ecclesiastical  questions,  but  which  was 
interrupted  by  his  illness  and  death.  He  was  also 
joint-editor  of  a  collection  of  Hymns^  and  of  a  serial 

})ublication  called  Y  Pregethwr^  being  Sermon's  by  the 
eading  Welsh  preachers.  He  was  also  one  of  those 
who  were  chiefly  instrumental  in  establishing  in  1840 
the  Welsh  Calvinistic  Methodist  Foreign  Missionary 
Society,  whose  operations,  confined  to  Brittany  and  the 
Khasee  Hills  (North-Eastern  Bengal),  have  been  in  the 
latter  crowned  with  very  great  success.  His  constitution, 
never  strong,  became  a  prey,  during  the  last  two  or 
three  years  of  his  life,  to  rheumatic  gout  and  con- 
sumption, to  which  he  finally  succumbed  on  the  30th 
of  August  1842,  in  the  forty-first  year  of  his  age.  He 
was  buried  the  following  Friday,  the  2nd  of  September, 
at  Low  Hill  Cemetery,  where  a  handsome  monument 
was  shortly  afterwards  raised  to  his  memory  by  sub- 
scription among  his  Liverpool  friends  and  admirers. — 
(Y Pregethwr  aV  Gwrandawr^  3rd  ed.;  Gwyddoniadur^ 
Suppt.,  p.  740,  etc.) 

Williams,  Rev.  Rowland,  M. A.,  Rector  of  Ysceifiog 
and  Canon  of  St.  Asaph,  was  born  at  Mallwyd  in  March 
1779,  and  was  educated  at  Ruthin  Grammar  Schpol, 
whence  he  proceeded  to  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  where 
he  gained  a  Scholarship,  and  took  his  B.A.  degree  in 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  31 

January  1802,  and  his  M.A.  degree  in  January  1805. 
After  leaving  the  University  he  was  appointed  second 
Master  of  Bangor  Grammar  School,  and  Incumbent  of 
Llandegai,  and  in  the  course  of  a  short  time.  Chaplain 
to  Bishop  Cleaver.  He  was  the  means  of  establishing 
at  Bangor  a  Society  for  the  publication  of  small  books 
or  tracts  on  religious  subjects,  such  as  Bishop  GriflBth's 
On  the  Lord's  Prayer,  which  proved  very  beneficial  in 
its  results,  and  in  other  ways  he  actively  laboured  as  a 
good  and  faithful  minister  of  Christ.  On  Dr.  Cleaver's 
translation  to  St.  Asaph,  he  gave  Mr.  Williams,  in  1807, 
the  Vicarage  of  Cilcain,  Flintshire,  from  which  in  1809 
he  was  promoted  to  the  Rectory  of  Halkin,  in  the  same 
county,  and  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  a  Canon 
of  St.  Asaph.  In  1819  Bishop  Luxmoore  gave  him 
the  Vicarage  of  Meifod  in  this  county,  which  he  held 
for  seventeen  years.  In  1836  he  was  again  promoted 
to  the  Rectory  of  Ysceifiog,  which  he  held  until  his 
decease  on  the  28th  of  December  1854.  He  was  an 
accomplished  scholar  and  writer.  He  was  appointed 
one  of  four  by  the  Welsh  Bishops  to  edit  a  new  edition 
of  the  Welsh  Prayer  Book.  He  wrote  the  Lives  of  the 
Rev.  Peter  Roberts,  the  antiquary,  and  of  Bishop 
Griffith,  and  contributed  many  able  articles  to  the 
Gwyliedydd  and  Cambro  Briton.  He  was  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  the  counties  of  Merioneth,  Flint,  and 
Montgomery,  and  was  greatly  esteemed  by  rich  and 
poor  alike  for  his  many  excellent  qualities.  He  married 
Jane  Wynne,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  H.  Wynne  Jones  of 
Treiorwerth,  Anglesey,  by  whom  he  had  several  children; 
his  second  son  being  the  late  Dr.  Rowland  Williams, 
Vice-Principal  of  Lampeter  College,  and  one  of  the 
authors  of  Essays  and  Reviews.^His  Life,  by  the 
Rev.  O.  Jones.) 

Williams,  Rev.  Rowland,  D.D.,  second  son  of  the 
above-named,  was  bom  at  Halkin,  in  Flintshire,  on  the 
16th  August  1817,  a  few  months  before  his  father's 
promotion  to  the  vicarage  of  Meifod,  in  this  county, 
where  the  subject  of  this  notice  spent  his  earlier  years. 


32  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

He  himself  used  often  to  say, "I  always  consider  Meifod 
rather  than  Halkin  the  place  of  my  birth."  His  father 
gave  him  lessons,  and  brought  him  up  with  great  care 
under  his  personal  supervision  until  he  was  ten  years 
old.  At  that  age  he  took  him  to  Eton,  where  he  was 
admitted  a  scholar,  not  on  the  foundation,  on  the  2l8t 
April  1828.  He  was  elected  on  the  foundation  on  the 
28th  of  July,  and  received  into  the  College  the  15th 
of  September  the  same  year.  He  was  from  a  child  a 
very  diligent  student,  and  sometimes  surprised  his 
father's  guests  and  visitors  by  taking  part  in  the  dis- 
cussion of  questions  supposed  to  be  far  beyond  his 
years.  At  Eton,  the  general  opinion  among  his  school- 
fellows was  that  he  was  one  of  the  ablest  boys  that  had 
ever  been  there,  and  it  was  a  common  saying  that  "  his 
Essays  were  so  learned  and  his  answers  so  profound  in 
the  Newcastle  examination,  when  he  gained  the  Medal 
(1835),  as  to  be  quite  beyond  the  capacities  of  his  ex- 
aminers." He  was  noted  for  his  tenacity  in  argument, 
and  never  gave  in  unless  he  was  thoroughly  convinced 
that  he  was  wrong.  He  was,  moreover,  a  very  religious 
boy,  and  had  the  courage  of  his  convictions,  so  that  he 
dared  to  bend  his  knees  in  prayer  morning  and  evening 
in  the  "long  room",  when  to  do  so  too  often  provoked 
sneera  and  scoffs  from  the  other  boys.  He  left  Eton 
with  a  very  high  reputation,  and  on  the  8th  of 
November  1836  was  admitted  into  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  gained  the  Battle  scholarship. 
In  Michaelmas  term  1838  he  took  pupils  at  Cambridge, 
and  during  the  summer  vacation  of  1839  he  became 
private  tutor  to  Captain  Burton,  of  Dunstall  Priory, 
Kent.  He  was  always  a  most  patriotic  Welshman. 
In  the  summer  of  1840  we  find  him  taking  part  at  an 
Eisteddfod,  held  in  the  Amphitheatre,  Liverpool,  and 
urging  the  maintenance  of  that  national  institution  by 
Welshmen.  A  few  months  afterwards,  in  consequence 
of  the  delicate  state  of  his  health,  he  set  out  on  a  tour 
through  France,  Switzerland,  and  Italy.  On  his  return 
to    England    he    somewhat   reluctantly   accepted   an 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  33 

Assistant-Mastership  at  Eton  in  January  1842,  having 
previously,  in  1841,  taken  his  B.  A.  degree  at  Cambridge, 
but  he  only  for  a  short  time  held  the  office.  An  attack 
of  inflammation  of  the  lungs  caused  him,  under  medical 
advice,  to  leave  Eton  and  return  to  Cambridge.  The 
following  autumn  he  received  deacon's  orders  from 
the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  and  was  ordained  priest  by  the 
same  prelate  the  following  year.  He  held  no  living, 
but  gave  his  services  free  to  relieve  some  of  the  over- 
worked clergy  of  Cambridge  and  the  neighbourhood. 
He  always  preached  without  notes,  and  this,  with  his 
earnestness  and  masterly  style,  produced  a  great  impres- 
sion, especially  on  the  farmers  and  labourers  who  flocked 
to  hear  him.  In  July  1843  he  was  appointed  classical 
tutor  at  King's  College,  and  on  the  10th  of  October 
entered  upon  his  duties,  which  he  continued  to  perform 
for  six  or  seven  years  with  great  assiduity.  At  the 
meeting  of  the  British  Association  at  Cambridge  in 
June,  he  read  a  paper  On  Local  and  Hereditary 
Differences  of  Complexion  in  Great  Britain,  with  casual 
References  to  the  CimhA.  In  the  spring  of  1846  he 
published  Lays  from  the  Cimhric  Lyre,  under  the  nom 
de  plume,  "  Goronva  Camlan."  He  won  the  University 
Prize  of  £500  for  an  Essay,  which,  after  many  additions 
had  been  made  to  it,  was  published  under  the  title  of 
Christianity  and  Hinduism,  and  is  considered  one  of 
his  ablest  works.  It  was  dedicated  to  Prince  Albert, 
who  greatly  admired  it  for  the  erudition  and  research 
it  displayed,  as  well  as  its  argumentative  power,  and 
offered  the  author,  as  a  token  of  his  appreciation,  the 
post  of  Chaplain  in  India,  which,  however,  he  declined. 
In  October  1848  he  tried  for  the  office  of  Public  Orator, 
but  was  defeated  by  Dr.  Bateson,  of  St.  John's  College. 
He  spent  the  Long  Vacation  of  1849  on  the  Continent 
Just  before  leaving  England  he  wrote  an  article  for  the 
Quarterly  Revieiv  on  Methodism  in  Wales^  which 
attracted  much  notice.  Before  the  end  of  the  same 
year  he  was  elected  Vice-Principal  of  St.  Davids 
College,  Lampeter,  in  succession  to  the  Rev.  Harold 

VOL.    XVII.  D 


34  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

Browne,  who  had  resigned  the  office,  and  the  Bishop 
of  Llandaff  at  once  asked  him  to  become  his  Chaplain. 
Thus  he  left  Cambridge  amid  the  regrets  and  good 
wishes  of  his  many  friends  there,  and  in  the  following 
spring  (1850)  took  up  his  residence  at  Lampeter,  and 
entered  upon  his  duties  as  Vice-Principal  and  Professor 
of  Hebrew.  These  he  fulfilled  with  great  zeal  and 
ability  for  twelve  years.  In  December  1854  Mr. 
Williams  was  appointed  Select  Preacher  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Cambridge,  and  on  the  first  Sunday  in 
Advent  he  began  the  delivery  of  a  series  of  sermons, 
which,  however,  was,  after  he  had  preached  two  of 
them,  interrupted  by  his  being  summoned  to  the  bedside 
of  his  father  at  Ysgeifiog,  in  what  proved  to  be  his  last 
illness.  On  March  25th,  1855,  he  was  appointed  to 
preach  the  Memorial  Sermon  at  King's  College,  com- 
memorative of  its  foundation ;  and  the  following  May 
these  three,  with  about  twenty  other  sermons  preached 
at  Lampeter,  were  published  under  the  title,  Motional 
Godliness,  and  created  a  deep  impression  in  England 
and  Wales.  They  and  their  author  were  unmercifully 
attacked  as  enunciating  sentiments  concerning  inspi- 
ration, revelation,  and  prophecy  which  were  opposed 
to  what  was  considered  the  orthodox  teaching  of  the 
Church.  The  cler^  of  the  diocese  of  St.  David's  were 
particularly  loud  m  their  denunciation  of  him,  and 
lodged  with  the  Bishop  a  formal  remonstrance  against 
Mr.  Williams's  theological  opinions,  which  induced  the 
Bishop  to  recommend  him  to  resign  his  office,  while  at 
the  same  time  leaving  it  entirely  to  his  own  discretion. 
Mr.  Williams  felt,  however,  that  to  resign  would  be 
to  yield  to  ignorant  popular  clamour,  thereby  con- 
demning himself  on  points  which  he  conscientiously 
believed,  while  at  the  same  time  he  could  not  see  that 
the  interests  of  the  College  would  gain,  but  he  rather 
believed  they  would  suffer,  by  his  resignation  ; 
and  gradually  the  conviction  grew  upon  him  that  it 
was  his  duty  to  remain.  On  the  11th  of  June  1857 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  upon 


MONTGOMERYSHIRG  WORTHIES.  35 

him,  and  about  the  same  time  he  became  Senior  Fellow 
of  his  College.  In  accordance  with  the  usual  custom 
on  such  occasions,  he  preached  a  sermon  at  St.  Mary's. 
Soon  afterwards  Mr.  Williams,  upon  his  marriage  with 
Ellen,  daughter  of  Charles  Coks worth,  Esq.,  R.N., 
accepted  the  College  living  of  Broadchalke  cum  Bower- 
chalke  and  Alvedistone,  which  had  become  vacant  by 
the  death  of  the  Rev.  S.  Hawtrey.  In  the  early  part 
of  1860  the  famous  Essays  and  Keviews  appeared,  the 
joint  production  of  seven  eminent  men,  namely.  Dr. 
Temple,  Dr.  Williams,  the  Rev.  Baden  Powell,  the 
Rev.  H.  Bristow  Wilson,  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Goodwin,  the 
Rev.  Mark  Pattison,  and  Professor  Jowett.  Many  of 
our  readers  will  remember  vividly  the  loud  outcry  that 
at  once  arose  against  the  so-called  heretical  doctrines 
contained  in  this  volume.  Dr.  Williams  and  Mr. 
Wilson  were  prosecuted  in  the  Ecclesiastical  Courts  on 
account  of  their  contributions  to  it.  Dr.  Williams's 
paper  was  a  review  of  Bunsen's  Biblical  Researches, 
and  he  was  charged,  among  other  things,  with  having 
asserted  that  the  Bible  is  not  the  Word  of  God,  a  direct 
revelation  from  Him,  and  that  its  writers  were  not 
inspired  by  His  Spirit  in  any  other  sense  than  as  every 
holy  desire,  all  good  counsel,  and  every  perfect  deed 
proceed  from  Him  alone ;  that  with  two  or  three 
possible  exceptions  the  Old  Testament  contains  no 
element  of  divinely  inspired  foretelling  of  future  persons 
or  events;  that  Jonah  was  not  an  actual  historical 
person,  and  that  the  book  bearing  his  name  was  not 
written  by  him ;  that  the  Book  of  Daniel  was  not 
written  by  Daniel,  but  by  some  other  person  ;  that  the 
Book  of  Revelation,  the  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  and 
St.  Peter  8  Epistles,  are  not  parts  of  the  Holy  Scriptures; 
that  Scriptural  accounts  of  historical  facts  may  be  read 
figuratively,  and  in  a  sense  totally  opposed  to  their 
evident  literal  meaning ;  that  Christ  did  not  suffer  or 
die  to  reconcile  men  to  the  Father,  and  to  be  an  atone- 
ment for  their  sins ;  that  the  Incarnation  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ  was  spiritual  only,  and  that  He  did  not 

d2 


36  MONTGOMERTSHlRfi:   WORTHIES. 

take  upon  Him  human  nature  in  the  Virgin's  womb,  etc., 
etc.  The  Court  of  Arches  gave  its  decision  against  Dr. 
Williams  and  Mr.  Wilson,  but  by  an  appeal  to  the 
Judicial  Committee  of  the  Privy  Council  this  decision 
was  reversed.  The  latter  judgment,  in  favour  of  the 
appellants,  caused  a  profound  sensation  and  general 
astonishment.  When  the  excitement  of  these  pro- 
ceedings had  somewhat  subsided,  Dr.  Williams  resumed 
his  literary  labours,  and  proceeded  with  his  translation 
of  the  Hebrew  prophets,  one  of  his  principal  works. 
The  first  volume  was  published  in  his  lifetime,  but  he 
died  before  the  second  was  completed.  He  also  com- 
posed a  drama  on  Owen  Glyndwr,  to  defeind  that  patriot 
against  the  charge  of  having  promised  to  assist  Hotspur 
in  his  rebellion  against  Bolingbroke.  His  last  work 
was  Psalms  and  Litanies,  Counsels  and  Collects.  In 
1869  he  suffered  much  from  ill-health,  and  a  little 
before  Christmas  took  a  very  severe  cold,  from  which 
his  enfeebled  frame  never  rallied.  He  died  on  the 
18th  of  January  1870,  at  Broadchalke  Vicarage,  in  his 
fifty-third  year.  Whatever  may  be  said  of  the  ortho- 
doxy or  otherwise  of  some  of  Dr.  Williams's  theological 
opinions,  his  deeply  religious  and  devout  character 
impressed  itself  on  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  a  man 
of  great  natural  abilities,  which  his  untiring  industry 
enabled  him  to  turn  to  the  best  use,  and  to  win  for  him 
a  very  high  position  among  scholars.  He  was  an 
earnest  seeker  after  truth,  and  hesitated  not  to  declare 
publicly  what  he  was  convinced  of,  whatever  the  result 
might  be  as  regarded  his  own  personal  prospects  in 
life.  He  was  also  of  a  most  kind,  obliging,  and  charitable 
disposition,  and  a  warm-hearted,  patriotic  Welshman, 
to  whom  the  prosperity  and  well-being  of  his  beloved 
country  were  objects  of  constant  solicitude  and  study. 
— {Gwyddoniadur ;  Contemporary  Review,  etc.) 


TRACES  OF  ROMAN  ROADS  IN  OR  NEAR 
THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  VYRNWY. 

By  T.  G.  JONES  (Ctppin). 


We  have  often  felt  that  the  tracing  of  the  Roman 
Roads  of  Montgomeryshire  would  aflford  interesting 
research,  and  would  also  be  of  value  to  the  archaeolo- 
gist. We  therefore  humbly  offer  the  following  as  a 
small  contribution  in  that  direction.  A  casual  observa- 
tion made  by  Dr.  Edwardes,  F.RC.S.,  of  this  parish, 
stirred  up  our  curiosity  and  prompted  us  to  visit  a 
spot  indicated  by  him,  near  Penygeulan,  in  the  parish 
of  Llansantffraid.  We  were  at  once  struck  with  great 
interest,  and  hope  to  stir  up  the  same  interest  in  more 
competent  persons,  and  that  this  subject  will  thus  be 
carefully  and  correctly  laid  before  the  readers  of  the 
Montgomeryshire  Collections. 

The  Rev.  Prebendary  Scarth,  M.A.,  in  his  Roman 
Itinera,  etc,  has  erroneously  placed  the  Clawdd  Coch 
on  the  right  side  of  the  river  Tannad,  and  the  Via  Media, 
after  crossing  the  Llanowddyn  river  at  Mathyrafal,  on 
the  left  or  north  side  of  the  Vymwy,  down  the  Meivod 
Valley,  by  Llansantffraid  to  Clawdd  Coch.  This  could 
not  possibly  be  the  case,  as  the  soft,  wet,  flooded,  low 
landB  of  Llawr  y  Maeni  and  Dyffryn  Meivod  were 
obstacles  of  such  importance  that  the  Roman  surveyor 
would  have  to  avoid,  seeking  firmer  ground,  a  more 
advantageous  and  direct  route  on  the  right  side,  or 
south  of  the  river  Vyrnwy,  thus  easily  arriving  at 
Clawdd  Coch,  which  is  on  the  left  of  the  river  Tannad, 
in  a  loop  or  peninsula  formed  by  the  meandering  of  the 
river  Vyrnwy. 


38       TRACKS  OP  ROMAN  ROADS  IN  OR  NEAR 

Aoy  search,  therefore,  for  traces  of  this  highway 
must  be  conducted  on  the  south  side  of  the  Vymwy. 
With  this  purpose  in  view,  we  start  at  Penylan,  near 
Meivod,  and  follow  the  course  of  the  river  Vymwy 
along  its  south  side,  but  shortly  ascend  to  higher 
ground,  by  way  of  a  hollow  in  the  Broniarth  hill,  near 
Braich  to  PantglAs,  for  Cefn  y  perfa.  This  spot  is 
interesting,  and,  from  a  cursory  observation,  appears  to 
us  to  have  several  earthworks  worthy  of  inspection. 
From  this  spot,  leaving  Pentre'r  beirdd  on  the  left,  we 
come  to  a  locality  known  by  the  name  of  Geuffordd 
(i.e.  an  excavated  or  enclosed  road).  From  this  ridge 
the  view  is  extensive,  commanding  the  Vymwy  Valley, 
Bwlch  y  cibau,  the  great  Shropshire  plain,  the  Breiddin 
hill,  the  Long  mountain,  and  other  encamped  points 
of  importance  in  the  Roman  era.  Along  this  ridge  we 
feel  confident  that  traces  of  the  Via  Media  are  still 
plainly  visible,  especially  so  near  a  house  in  the  occu- 
pation of  Mr.  David  Morgan,  Geuffordd,  where  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  house  some  curious  pavements 
are  to  be  seen.  From  this  place  we  go  along  a  path 
which,  we  assume,  follows  tne  exact  track  of  the  Via 
Media,  until  we  come  to  a  field  now  in  the  occupation 
of  Mr.  John  Breeze,  of  Geuffordd.  This  field  is  said 
to  be  the  site  of  an  ancient  abbey.  We  record  the 
traditions  fixed  on  this  spot,  as  they  are  evidently  a 
confusion,  partly  pointing  to  the  Abbey  of  Strata  Mar- 
cella  (which  is  in  the  same  parish),  and  possibly  to  an 
important  station  for  the  Koman  courier,  which  we 
believe  was  on  this  spot.  A  short  lane  leading  out  of 
this  field  is  called  the  "  Abbey  lane."  Tradition  fur- 
ther asserts  that  there  are  traces  of  graves  still  visible, 
and  that  the  hay  crop  is  always  more  abundant  on  the 
supposed  graves  than  on  any  other  part  of  the  field. 
We  venture  to  suggest  here,  that  as  the  supposed 
graves  are  near  the  Roman  Road,  they  are  the  graves 
of  either  the  Roman  soldiers  of  the  neighbouring 
"  Gaers'^  (fortified  places),  or  of  those  in  charge  of  the 
"  inns  or  stages  along  the  road  called  mansioneSy  com- 


THE   VALLEY   OP   THE    VYKNWY.  39 

monly  at  the  distaoce  of  half  a  day's  journey  from  one 
another,  and  at  a  less  distance,  places  for  relays,  called 
mutationeSy  where  the  public  couriers  changed  their 
horses/'  (Roman  Antiquities^  by  Alexander  Adam, 
LL.D.,  535.)  We  are  told  by  the  same  author  that 
the  Romans  "  usually  buried  iJieir  dead  near  the  high- 
way, to  be  conspicuous,  and  to  remind  those  who 
passed  of  mortality."     {Ibid.,  444.) 

The  "Abbey  lane"  is  now  only  visible  in  a  short 
length  on  J.  Breeze's  land,  he  having  taken  up  the 
hedges,  and  the  lane  now  forms  part  of  his  field.  But 
another  portion  of  the  lane  is  seen  taking  a  south- 
easterly direction  through  land,  and  near  the  house,  in 
the  occupation  of  Mr.  Jones  of  the  Street,  and  is  evi- 
dently tne  same  as  the  Abbey  lane  on  Mr.  Breeze's 
land. 

The  road  now  known  as  the  "  Street",  and  traced  on 
the  Ordnance  Survey  map,  crosses  the  Via  Media  by 
the  "  Street"  farm  and  goes  in  the  direction  of  Sam 
bridge  to  the  left  of,  and  closely  under,  the  Gaerfawr 
hUl.  Tradition  says  that  the  "  Street"  was  one  of  the 
approaches  to  the  "  Abbey",  and  that  its  hedges  were 
of  noUy.  One  of  the  side  hedges  is  so  at  the  present 
time  to  a  very  great  extent — from  the  Abbey  lane  to 
the  Gwerddyn — i.e.  evergreen. 

Our  road  from  the  "  Street"  follows  the  ridge  called 
Ceferhowniarth  (i.e.  the  ridge  of  the  long  goad,  or 
pike  or  lance),  derived  very  possibly  from  its  connec- 
tion with  the  station  for  the  public  courier  to  change 
his  horses. 

On  proceeding  along  the  line  of  road  we  come  to 
the  Gareglwyd  farm.  Traces  of  the  Via  Media  were 
found  here  in  1870,  by  Mr.  T.  P.  Jones.  On  ploughing 
the  "  Brook  Field",  at  the  depth  of  about  ten  inches 
the  plough  came  in  contact  with  a  bed  of  loose  stones 
about  nine  or  ten  feet  wide,  and  from  about  eight  inches 
to  twenty-four  inches  deep.  This  layer  of  stones  con- 
tinued across  the  field  for  about  130  yards,  and  as  it 
was  only  found  on  this  length,  where  the  stones  came 


40       TRACES  OF  ROMAN  ROADS  IN  OR  NEAR 

to  an  abrupt  termination,  it  is  suggested  that  this  part 
only  was  so  laid  with  stones  as  it  was  wet  and  soft, 
whilst  the  other  part  was  dry,  and  had  a  gravel  sub- 
soil. The  stones  were  well  and  compactly  laid,  and 
great  difficulty  was  experienced  in  excavating  some 
nineteen  and  a  half  tons  in  a  short  distance.. 

From  the  Gareglwyd  we  come  by  a  gentle  descent 
to  Sarney,  the  etymon  of  which  signifies  that  which  is 
laid  down  or  along — a  causeway,  stepping-stones.  This 
name  is  given  to  several  Roman  roads,  Sarn  Helen, 
Sarn  Susan,  etc.  It  is  evident  that  at  this  spot  a 
Sarn  or  Samau  would  be  required,  for  having  now  to 
enter  the  Rhos,  Penrhos  (moorland),  some  «kill  was 
needed  in  laying  the  stones  or  *'sarn"  so  as  to  aflford 
a  good  road  and  firm  footing. 

From  Penrhos  we  come  to  the  "  Street"  Llandysilio. 
In  the  name  given  to  this  place  we  have  the  Roman 
strata.  We  here  leave  the  Via  Media,  and  turning 
suddenly  to  the  left,  look  for  a  cross-road  leading  to 
Clawdd  Coch.  The  only  spot  known  to-  the  writer  is 
near  Newbridge,  in  a  narrow  lane  leading  to  that  in- 
teresting part  called  Causeway  lane,  where  the  original 
pavement  remains  to  this  day.  The  length  of  the  Via 
Media  we  have  traced  is  carefully  protected  by  a  series 
of*  well-laid  fortified  posts,  the  remains  of  which  are 
left  to  this  day  along  the  hills  parallel  with  the  road, 
sometimes  on  the  north  and  sometimes  on  the  south 
side,  just  in  such  places  where  the  road  was  most 
exposed  and  needed  protection. 

On  the  south  side,  at  the  entrance  into  the  Vymwy 
valley,  we  have  the  Mathyrafal  earthworks,  having  the 
principal  points  along  the  whole  length  of  the  valley  to 
Llanymynech  Rock  in  view.  Lower  down  on  the  north 
side  we  have  AUt  yr  ancr,  a  commanding  site  opposite  to 
the  Llyndu  pass,  Clawdd  Uesg,  and  the  approaches  from  v 
the  important  locality  of  Llanerchrochwel  by  way  of 
Bwlch  Aeddan.  Thence  lower  down  the  Meivod  Valley, 
and  on  the  same  side, we  have  Main,  the  strongly-fortified 
camp  and  entrenchments  near  Ystymcolwyn,  the  Gaer, 


THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  VYRNWY.  41 

the  Mount,  and  Bryn-mawr.  On  the  right  or  south 
side  of  the  road  we  also  have  evidences  of  the  same 
military  protection  in  the  camps  at  Clawdd  Uesg,  Broni- 
arth,  and  Gaerfawr. 

Connecting  the  Via  Media  with  the  principal  posts 
above  enumerated,  we  find  branch  or  cross-roads — 
Diverticula.  We  shall  just  point  out  one  or  two.  The 
first  is  one  at  Braich  {i.e.  branch),  afibrding  a  direct 
communication  with  Gololwyn,  an  important  post, 
making  a  surprise  impossible  up  the  narrow  valley  of 
Gwemycil,  and  thus  endanger  the  ascent  to  the  higher 
ground  on  the  Broniarth  hill.  The  next  branch  road 
we  shall  notice  is  of  still  greater  importance,  as  it  forms 
a  connection  between  the  Via  Media,  the  Gaer  by 
Trefnanney,  and  the  strong  earthworks  at  Ystymcolwyn 
and  Bwlch  y  cibau.  This  road  came  down  direct  by 
Ystymcolwyn  farm  to  the  river  Vyrnwy  at  Pontis- 
cowryd,  or  Pont  is  cwr  y  rhyd  (i.e.  the  Bridge  just  below 
the  ford).  This  ford  is  to  be  seen  to  this  day,  and  was 
used  by  the  tenant  of  the  mill  for  carting  corn  and 
flour,  up  to  about  forty  years  ago. 

The  ascent  from  the  river  is  very  steep  to  where  it 
joins  the  road  leading  to  Pentrebeirdd.  The  road  from 
the  river  takes  the  direction  of  the  "Gaer",  a  very 
strong  post  in  the  township  of  Trefnanney.  Another 
unconnected  piece  of  ancient  road,  but  evidently  part 
of  the  same  system,  mav  be  fixed  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Pen  y  Sarn  (the  head  of  the  Causeway).  The 
present  occupier  of  Rhosddu  farm,  in  ploughing  one  of 
nis  fields  near  the  house,  came  in  contact  with  a  layer 
of  stones.  These  he  caused  to  be  dug  up,  and  from 
their  closely  packed  state  had  all  the  appearance  of  a 
paved  road.  This  road  led  in  the  direction  of  "Rhyd- 
y-bala",  across  a  field  of  that  name,  where,  having 
crossed  the  ford  in  the  Vyrnwy  (hence  **  the  ford  of 
the  outlet "),  follows  the  dingle  under  the  Perm  bridge 
on  the  Meivod  road  and  goes  in  the  direction  of  Cefn 
Uyfnog  and  Hen  aUt,  a  camp  commanding  the  Llan- 
fyllin  and  Llanfechain  valley.     The  township  of  Cefn- 


42      TRACES  OF  ROMAN  ROADS  IN  OR  NEAR 

Uyfnog  was  at  one  time  known  by  the  name  of  "  Ystryd 
y  Vyrnwy"  {i.e.  the  Vymwy  Street),  evidently  deriving 
its  name  from  this  cross-road.  {Cambrian  Quarterly, 
vol.  i,  p.  438.) 

We  shall  now  proceed  to  trace  the  road  connecting 
Clawdd  Coch  with  Dol-y-felin-blwm  (the  meadow  of 
the  smelting-hearth)  at  Llanfyllin. 

It  being  now  generally  acknowledged  that  Clawdd 
Coch  was  at  one  time  a  Roman  station  of  some  impor- 
tance, and  that  the  smelting  of  lead  and  copper  ore 
w^s  carried  on  there,  or  in  the  vicinity,  to  a  great 
extent,  we  would  therefore  naturally  expect  to  find 
Roman  roads  intersecting  at  this  spot;  and  such, 
according  to  several  authorities,  was  the  case.  Indeed, 
the  lower  part  of  Montgomeryshire,  especially  so  to  the 
north  of  the  Severn,  seems  to  have  been  a  network  of 
roads  of  greater  or  less  pretensions.  We  will  only 
attempt  to  trace  one  of  these  roads,  and  one — as  far  as 
our  knowledge  of  the  subject  goes — hitherto  unknown 
and  unexplored.  We  would  suggest  at  the  outset  that 
this  road  was  mainly  formed  to  facilitate  the  transit  of 
the  valuable  metals,  and  a  means  of  communication 
between  two  important  smelting-hearths,  the  one  at 
D61  y  felin  blwm  at  Llanfyllin,  and  the  other  at 
Clawdd  Coch.  Starting,  then,  at  Clawdd  Coch,  and 
leaving  the  Causeway  lane  behind  us,  we  come  to  fields 
on  the  left  of  Careghwfa  Mills,  and  fancy  we  see,  mid- 
way between  the  mill  and  the  river  Tannad,  a  spot 
very  much  resembling  the  old  raised  track  of  a  road. 
From  this  place  the  road  went  in  a  line  for  the  old 
ford  in  the  river  Tannad,  under  Bryn  Tannad.  Having 
crossed  the  river,  we  go  up  the  steep  side  land  to 
Penygeulan  Farm,  on  the  Oswestry  road.  This  bit  of 
ascent  from  the  river  is  interesting,  for  in  some  parts 
we  find  what,  we  venture  to  say,  is  a  portion  of  the 
old  paved  way,  now  covered  by  a  layer  of  gravel,  which 
has  slipped  down  from  the  upper  side.  This  bit  of 
paved  work  is  visible  from  the  lower  or  river  side. 
Half-way  up  the  incline  the  road  turns  suddenly  to  the 


THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  VYRNWY.  43 

left,  where  there  are  some  traces  of  a  cutting  or  Geu- 
lan — Whence  Pen  j  geuJan.  We  here  cross  the  turnpike 
road  and  go  by  the  west  end  of  Pen  y  geulan  farm- 
house, up  a  narrow  lane  or  roadway,  being  a  bridle- 
road  80  called,  there  being  only  a  right  to  ride  a  horse, 
or  for  persons  on  foot  along  it.  This  road  is  called  the 
**  Street",  and  in  going  along  and  inquiring  the  way, 
we  were  directed  **  to  go  up  the  Street."  This  narrow 
lane  is  so  called  until  we  get  to  the  "Erwhir  wood." 
The  road  here  has  evidently  been  diverted,  but  in  a 
pasture  field  beyond  the  wood  we  again  find  evident 
traces  of  the  ancient  roadway  in  the  raised  sides,  the 
disturbed  curb-stones,  and  the  abundance  of  broken 
stones  found  loose  wherever  the  ground  has  been 
broken  up.  From  the  entrance-gate  into  the  Erwhir 
wood  the  ancient  road  takes  a  direct  course  on  the 
Montgomeryshire  side  of  the  line  dividing  that  county 
from  Shropshire,  and  across  the  bye-road  leading  from 
Llansantm^id  to  Llan  y  blodwel,  and  here  the  road 
enters  into  Shropshire.  We  follow  this  line  until  we 
come  to  the  site  of  the  "Whitehall",  which  is  on  a  field 
of  that  name  on  the  Brynyfedwen  farm,  and  in  the 
parish  of  Llanyblodwel.  We  will  now  retrace  our  steps 
to  Penygeidan,  in  order  to  record  a  few  notes  made  on 
the  spot. 

Just  previous  to  the  building  of  a  dwelling-house  in 
the  village  of  Llansantffraid,  now  in  the  occupation  of 
the  Rev.  T.  Jones,  curate,  Mr.  William  Tannatt,  the 
then  tenant  of  Penygeulan,  dug  up  several  loads  of 
stone  out  of  the  old  **  Street "  on  the  farm  and  carted 
them  to  the  site  of  the  above  house,  which  he  was 
building  for  himself.  These  stones  were  used  in  the 
foundations,  and  bore  every  evidence  of  having  once 
been  in  a  pavement  or  roadway.  The  part  of  the 
"  Street"  from  which  these  stones  were  dug  up  is  still 
left  in  the  same  state  it  was  when  the  stones  were 
carted  away.  There  are  many  other  spots  from  this 
place  to  Whitehall  worthy  of  notice,  and  have  every 
appearance  of  having  once  been  a  Roman  road ;  and  not 


44      TRACES  OF  ROMAN  ROADS  IN  OR  NEAR 

the  least  interesting  of  these  features  is  the  extensive 
view  to  be  had  from  that  part  of  the  road  just  above 
Penymaes.  This  spot  commands  the  Vymwy  valley, 
the  great  Shropshire  plain,  with  the  Wrekin  and 
Stretton  hills  in  the  distance,  and  forms  a  panorama  of 
unequalled  extent  and  beauty.  To  hold  communication 
with  distant  military  posts,  and  to  so  command  the 
lowlands  that  surprise  was  an  impossibility,  was  an 
essential  point  in  the  eye  of  the  Roman  surveyor,  and 
for  this  reason  the  cefn  or  ridge  of  the  country  was 
invariably  selected.  In  this  respect  the  various  points 
of  our  road  were  unequalled  for  that  purpose. 

From  this  part  communication  could  easily  be  carried 
on  with  neighbouring  and  distant  posts.  We  can 
plainly  see  the  Rallt  near  Welshpool,  the  Gaerfawr  hill 
near  Guilsfield,  Powis  Castle  Park,  Mathyrafal,  and 
that  part  of  the  route  of  the  Via  Media  we  have 
attempted  to  trace  in  the  first  part  of  this  paper.  Still 
more  south  of  our  position  we  see  the  Stiper  stones, 
the  Long  Mountain,  the  Breidden,  and  on  to  Rowton 
(Rutunium),  Nesclif,  etc.  When  we  come  to  the  vicinity 
of  "  White  Hair*,  we  are  compelled  to  pause  and  admire 
the  skill  shown  by  the  Roman  surveyor  in  having 
attained  so  commanding  a  height  with  such  litth^ 
labour  both  to  man  and  beast  of  burden.  From  a  point 
close  to  our  supposed  route  we  gain  a  clear  sight  of  all 
the  passes  up  and  down  the  valley  of  the  Tannad, 
from  Llangedwyn  by  Llwynbryndinas,  Allt-tair-jffynnon, 
Moelortho,  Milltirgerrig,  and  beyondj  into  the  distant 
hills  of  Pennant  MelangeU,  where  the  river  Tannad  has 
its  source — all  important  posts  in  ancient  times.  We 
also  command  the  Roman  lead  mines  of  Llangynog 
and  Cwm-blowty,  the  important  passes  of  Escynfa, 
Pistyll  Rhaiadr,  and  Maengwynedd,  the  strong  military 
posts  on  the  Berwyn  range — Mynydd  y  tarw,  Cefnhir- 
fynydd,  the  Garn,  Craig  y  Mwn — ^and  a  direct  line  of 
communication  is  obtained  with  Segontium,Heriri  Mons, 
and  other  distant  Roman  stations,  by  way  of  Cadair 
Ferwyn  and  Bala.     We  also  overlook  the  Roman  roads 


THE  VALLEY  OP  THE  VYRNWY.  45 

intersectiDg  the  Tannad  valley  at  Glantannad,  called 
**  Stryd  y  Planciau'',  and  the  other  roads  also  mentioned 
in  Mr.  Hancock's  History  of  Llanrhaiadr  {Mont.  Coll., 
voL  iv,  243-245).  To  the  north,  again,  of  our  position 
we  see  Gym  Moelfre,  Golfa,  Sychdyn,  Sycharth,  Mo- 
elydd,  Nant  Mawr,  and  to  the  east  the  Porthywaen 
pass,  Offa's  Dyke,  Bwlch  Mawr,  the  camps  at  White- 
haven, and  Sweeney  mountain. 

That  the  Roman  engineer  should  have  selected  this 
high  ridgway,  according  to  the  accepted  rule  (see 
Rortuxn  Antiquities^  by  Alexander  Adams,  LL.D., 
p.  534),  so  that  a  prospect  of  the  adjacent  country 
should  be  had,  is  very  evident,  but  there  was  another 
object  in  view.  The  nature  of  the  traffic  and  mode  of 
transit  was  such  as  to  necessitate  avoiding  the  soft, 
clayey  valleys.  The  road  along  the  Llanfechain  valley, 
even  up  to  1812,  was  impassable  during  the  winter- 
time (see  footr-note  in  Jfon<.  Coll.y  vol.  v,  p.  211).  It  is 
interesting  to  notice  in  passing  that  the  Cefn  is  close 
to  a  division  of  Llansantffraid,  called  Winllan  (vine- 
yard), separated  only  by  a  deep  defile  or  glen,  hence 
"glyn'' — the  sharp,  bold  headland  of  Fron,  on  our 
opposite  side,  having  the  appearance  of  a  fortification. 

Richard  Llwyd,  of  Llanerchrochwel,  in  his  Topo- 
graphical Notices^  attached  to  his  History  of  Wales 
(p.  327),  states  that  the  Romans  successfully  cultivated 
the  vine  in  the  warm,  undulating  surface  of  this  tract 
of  land,  hence  called  Winllan,  or  the  vineyard  ;  in  any 
case,  it  is  worthy,  of  notice  that  this  division  of  the 
parish  was  occupied  by  several  generations  of  gardeners 
well  known  for  their  cultivatidn  of  flowering  and 
forest  trees. 

The  site  of  the  Whitehall  is  now  hardly  recognisable, 
but  is  pointed  out  in  a  field  of  that  name,  part  of 
Brynyfedwen  &rm,  where  several  loose  building  stones 
are  to  be  seen.  On  our  first  visit  to  the  site  of  White- 
hall, we  discovered  a  "  pig  of  iron",  bearing  evident 
marks  of  antiquity,  and  since  then  another  piece  known 
to  the  forgemen  as  a  "  sow  of  iron",  has  been  found. 


46      TRACES  OF  ROMAN  ROADS  IN  OR  NEAR 

This  has  the  "furnace  mark*'.     A  stone  was  also  found, 
evidently  part  of  a  good  building.      These  are  now 
placed  in  the  Powys-land  Museum.     Tradition  asserts 
that  Whitehall  was  at  one  time  a  magnificent  residence, 
and  that  about  eighty  years  ago  some  portions  of  the 
outer  walls  stood,  bearing  evidence  of  some  pretensions. 
From  Whitehall  we  proceed  along  the  same  bridle- 
road  until  we  come  to  the  bye-road  leading  to  Llany- 
blodwell.     Following  this  we  pass  Cefn  farm  and  turn 
on  our  left  into  the  fields,  leaving  Old  Plasgwyn  on 
our  right,  descending   easily  but  suddenly  into  the 
lower  ground,  and  as  sudderdy  ascending  to  the  higher 
ground  before  us  by  way  of  what  lool^  very  like  an 
old  road,  worn  and  hollowed  out  by  the  traffic,  or  to 
ease  the  abruptness  of  the  ascent.    At  this  spot  we  come 
to  an  old  building,  once  a  dwelling-house,  called  Ty  n- 
y-stryd  {i.e.  the  house  in  or  on  the  Street).     The  name 
of  this  house  still  preserves  a  memento  of  the  road  we 
are  tracing.     At  this  spot  we  cross  the  Penybont  and 
LlansantfiTraid  road,  and  find  nothing  to  guide  us,  and 
can  only  surmise,  from  the  conformation  of  the  ground, 
that  the  road  followed  an  occupation  road  at  the  back 
of  the  Vownog  in  the  direction  of  Aethnen,  following  a 
hollow  by  a  well,  where  we  turn  to  the  left  under 
Ty-Uanerch  or   Ty-timoth.      Leaving   Pentre   on   the 
left,  we  descend  easily  by  Tyban,  and  soon  find  our- 
selves on  the  level,  but  on  the  south  side  of  the  Cain 
valley,  in  an  old  bye-road,  one  of  the  three  parallel 
roads  running  up  the  Llanfechain  valley  in  the  direction 
of  Llanfyllin.     Following  this  road,  we  come  by  a  direct 
line  to  Llanfyllin,  by  Greenhall.     We  are  inclined  to 
think  that  this  road  takes  the  same  line  as  the  more 
ancient  Roman  road  took,  and  find  in  the  place-names 
on  the  route  indications  that  such  was  the  case.     Near 
Ty-b4n  (the  conspicuous  house)  we  come  to  a  portion 
of  the  present  road  called  "  Street."      The  Rev.  Mn 
Williams,  in  his  interesting  sketch  of  the  parish  of 
Llanfechain,  has  recounted  the  traditions  relating  to 
this  spot  (Afont.  Coll.,  vol.  v,  p.  248).     Suddenly  turn- 


THE  VALLEY  OF  THE  VYRNWY.         47 

ing  to  the  right  near  the  village — hence  *'  Braich",  the 
name  given  to  a  cottage  on  this  branch  road — is  a  lane 
called  "  Street  y  Ceunant."  This  lane,  which  adjoins 
our  line  near  the  Rectorv^,  leads  up  a  narrow  glen  to 
Bwlch  7  dd4r,  or  the  Oak  Tree  pass,  thence  to  the 
"  Street  y  Planciau",  in  the  Tannad  valley.  Tradition 
asserts  uiat  "  this  road  in  the  hollow  (Ceunant)  was 
the  work  of  the  old  people"  (Hen  bobl). 

It  is  interesting  to  notice  how  perfectly  the  Domeii 
Gastell  (the  castellated  tumulus)  commanded  this  pass 
and  the  junction  of  the  Roman  roads  on  the  banks  of 
the  Cain.  A  perfect  view  was  also  obtained  from  this 
tumulus  of  all  that  passed  up  and  down  along  the  road 
from  the  Aethnen  to  near  tne  terminus  at  Dolyfelin- 
blwm.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  at  each  entrance 
of  this  branch  or  cross-road  into  the  Bwlch  y  dd&r  pass 
we  have  a  fortified  tumulus  of  great  strength  and 
dimensions.  On  the  south  end  we  find  Domengastell 
placed  on  a  most  advantageous  spot,  whilst  on  the 
northern  or  Tannad  entrance  there  is  the  large  tumulus 
called  "  Tomen  y  Maerdy ''  (the  tumulus  of  the  dairy 
house)  guarding  the  ravine  of  Bwlch  y  Polion,  near 
Glantannad  (see  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  iv,  238).  The  con- 
tinuance of  this  road,  which  intersects  the  Tannad 
valley,  is  known  as  "Stryd  y  Planciau'',  and  tends  in 
the  direction  of  Maengwynedd  by  way  of  Ffridd  gam 
elen,  Garth-iaen  to  Llanarmon  Dyffryn  ceiriog.  Along 
the  higher  ground  this  road  is  called  "Ffordd  gam 
elen  '*  and  "  Ffordd  goch."  We  must  now  return  by 
Stryd  y  Planciau  through  Bwlch  y  ddar  and  along  Stryd 
y  Ceunant  to  the  junction  near  Llanfechain  Kectory. 
From  this  spot  to  the  terminus  we  find  no  trace  of  the 
road,  unless  it  be  a  depression  in  the  land's  surface  here 
and  there,  and  a  levelled  course  in  places,  but  we  assume 
that  the  road  followed  the  present  road  by  Talwm 
Bridge,  through  Talwm  farmyard,  by  Green  Hall  under 
Bryn  Elltyn,  by  Derwlwvn  Bridge,  where  we  fancy  we 
see  traces  of  an  old  roaa  just  above  the  bridge  in  the 
newly-planted  wood,  and  at  this  bridge  we  enter  Dol  y 


48  TRACES   OP   ROMAN   ROADS. 

felin  blwm.  It  is  a  strange  coincidence,  and  one  worth 
notice,  that  the  terminus  of  the  branch  railway  which 
connects  Llanfyllin  with  the  via  connecting  South 
Wales  with  Chester  (Deva)  in  the  present  time  is  also 
on  Dolyfelinblwm,  the  railway  station  and  timber  yard 
taking  up  in  part  the  site  of  the  Roman  smelting- 
hearth,  which  we  assume  was  the  terminus  of  the 
Roman  road  we  have  attempted  to  trace.  In  making 
the  line  of  railway,  the  river  Cain  was  diverted  from  its 
courae,  and  that  part  of  the  old  smelting-hearth  which 
is  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  is  still  called  Dol-y- 
felin-blwm.  The  scoria  of  these  smelting-works  was 
discovered  and  re-melted  in  later  times,  and  many  tons 
of  lead  were  extracted.  A  great  many  Roman  coins 
were  also  found  and  kept  by  the  Prices  of  Plasucha. 
{Cam.  Register,  326.)^ 

^  Since  the  above  has  been  in  type,  and  after  again  visiting  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Street,  Llandysilio,  we  are  inclined  to  suggest 
that  the  causeway  lane  mentioned  in  page  40  as  connecting  Clawdd 
C6ch  with  the  Via  Media  is  but  a  part  of  the  vicinal  road  leading 
from  Clawdd  C6ch  to  the  important  encampment  on  Bryn-Mawr.  It 
is  evident  that  a  communication  must  have  existed  between  these 
two  posts,  for  from  Bryn-Mawr  a  complete  command  was  obtained  of 
all  the  intersecting  roads  on  Clawdd  C6ch,  the  fords  on  the  Tannad 
and  Vyrwny,  and  especially  the  junction  with  the  Via  Media  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Street.  This  branch  road,  having  left  the  Via  Media 
and  taking  a  north-westerly  direction,  must  of  necessity  cross  the 
river  Vymwy.  There  are  two  places  that  afforded  the  required 
facility — the  one  on  the  Church-house  fai-m-lands,  and  the  other,  and 
the  most  probable  one,  called  "  Argae  ford**,  near  Pentreheilin  Hall. 
This  suggested  route  would  take  us  by  Pentre  farm,  thence  by  the 
Locks  on  the  Canal,  where  we  soon  come  upon  one  of  the  paved  or 
causeway  lanes  of  Carreghofa,  traced  on  the  Ordnance  survey.  This 
part  of  the  Clawdd  C6ch  is  still  known  as  Caer  Sws. 


49 


CYFEILIOG    PEDIGREES. 

By  D.  C.  LL.  0. 


PAEKT  OF  TTN  T  PWLL. 

CEFN  MAES  MAWB,  Etc.;    Pabibh— MACHYNLLETH. 

From  deeds  in  potmssion  of  Henry  Wiooin,  Esq.,  M.P.,  South 
Staffordshire. 

Bichazd  Pany,  named  in  a  re4ea8e=p...,  a  daaffhter  of   Owen   Hugh  of 
dated  1751,  as  of  Ty*n-y-pwlL        ] Bwldi,  in  Uwch-y-garreg. 

Oliver  Pany  of  Cefii=j=Anne,  d.  of  Scriven  Hughes,  Gent.,  of     Owen      John 
Maes  Mawr,  etc.,  Allt-Llwyd,  par.  Towyn.  Parry.     Parry. 

Machynlleth.  | 

fiiehard  Pury,  Esq.,  of  Aberystwyth,  sold  Mynyd  Eithaf  in  Uwoh-y-garreg 
to  Charles  Lloyd  WiUiams  and  David  Pritchard,  Ceoiarth. 


EVANS   OP    QARTHaWTNION   ISAP. 

Pabibh— MACHYNLLETH. 

From  deeds  in  possession  of  Henrt  Wiggkn,  Esq.,  M.P.,  South 
Staffordshire. 

Isaac  Evans,  formerly  of  Esgair  Geiliog   in  Llanwrin,  8iter-=T=  Elizabeth 
wards  of  Garthgwynion  Isat j       

Thomas  Evans  of  Esgair  Geliog  and  Qarthgwynion  l8af.=pGhren  Williams. 

laaac  Evans  of  Garthgwynion  l8af.=f=Catharine. 

Thomas  Evans  of  Garthgwynion  Isaf,  sold « Margaret,  only  child  of  Tho- 
Tyddyn  yr  Onnen,  Lluest-y-Pantgwyn,  mas  Lewis,  formerly  of  Garth- 
Tyddyn-y-Fryn  Coch,  and  Maes  Melin  gwynion  Uchaf,  and  after- 
Pant-y-Gwalle  to  John  Beynon,  Gent.,  of  wards  of  Tynohir,  a  brother 
Newcastle  Enilyn,  1610l  of  Manriee  Lewis,  Merchant, 

of  Machynlleth. 

DESCENT   OF   GLANMERIN. 

Township— UWCH-YGARREG ;   Pabish-M ACHYNLLETH. 

From  Mktrick's  "  CardigansAire"^  and  other  Records. 

John  Pryse  of=F    John  Griffith  of  Glan-=j=--    Humphrey  Pugh  of=j=Anne,  d.  of 


Oogerddan. 


fraed  in  the  parish  of 
Llanfihangel,  Gene- 
u^r  Glyn. 


Aberfrydlan  Llan- 
wrin. 


William  de 

la  Haye 
(tind  wife). 


\a  |6  |c 

VOL.  XVII.  E 


50 


CYFETLIOG   PEDIGREES. 


\a  \h 

Thomas  Fty8eof=pBridget,  d.  and  heiress. 
Glanfraed,       i 


Joim  Pngh  of  Glanmerin.- 


jure  uxons. 


I. 


Walter  Fxyse  of  T^ynohir^:^ Anne  Pugh,  heiress  of  Glanmerin.     Arms  of 


in    township    of    Is-y- 
garreg,  Machynlleth 


"PvLgh—Arg.,  a  lion  passant  m.,  inter  three 
fleurs-de-lys  gu. — are  still  to  be  found  over  the 
chimney-piece  of  the  old  hall  in  Glanmerin 
House,  dated  1644. 


Thomas  Pryse  of  Tynohir. 


John  Pryse  of  Glanmerin.^ 


TENANTS   OF   GLANMERIN. 
Township— TJWCH-T-GARREG ;   Parish— MACHYNLLETH. 

From  Parish  Registers,  Deeds,  Wills^  Burgess  Roll  of  Aberystwyth,  and  oral 

Information, 

David  Morgan  (originally  from  Pene  =T=Elinor,  d.  of  Rowland  Pugh  of  Mach- 


goes),  tenant  of  Glanmerin,  made 
a  Burgess  of  Aberystwyth  in  1740. 


Morg^anDavid= 
of  Pantglas 

f  Elizabeth 

Owen  of 

in  Uwch-y- 

Machyn- 

garreg. 

lleth,  mar- 

ried at  i 

Penegoes, 

1746. 

Evan  David  =  Eliza- 
of  Cleiria  in      beth 

Uweh-y-  

garree.  Will 
proved  1780. 


ynlleth  (Churchwarden  1685)  and 
Jane,  his  wife.  Bom  1684 ;  married 
April  18th,  1719. 

Hugh  David.  =f=Gwen, 
Will  proved 
1773.     Of 
Glanmerin 


David  Davies  of  Brynllwydwyn  in^Jane,  d.  of  Thomas  Morg^an  of  Cae- 
Uwch-y-gaiTeg. j saer  in  Is-y-garreg. 


John  Davies,  sold  Pantglas  to  Sir = 
John  Edwards,  Bart. 


Mrs.  Rees  of  Machynlleth ;  and 
others. 


John  Davies  of  Glan-=f=Catharine,  d.   of   John    David  Davies      Rev.  Mor- 


merin,  made  a  Bur- 
gess of  Aberystwyth 
1779. 


Owen,  Gent.,  of  Bwlch 
inUwch-ygarreg;  mar- 
ried 1784. 


of  Dolgely- 
nen. 


gan  Davies 
ofManavon. 


Hugh  Davies  of  Glanmerin,  made  a  Burges8=T=, 
of  Aberystwyth  in  1812. 

John  Davies  of  Glanmerin,  1883. 


T 


Made  Burgesses  of  Abery- 
stwyth, 1779. 


^  A  descendant  was  in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace  of  co.  Montgomery  in 
1793,  as  "Pryse  Pryse  of  Glanmerin." 


CYFEILIOG   PEDIGREES.  51 


CWM   EHAIADRi 

Township— UWCH-Y-GABREG ;   Parish— MACHI NLLETH. 

Lewys  Dwnn,   and  Additional    MSS,    9865,   Parish    Registers^   and    oral 

Information, 

Howel  Goch  ab  Graffydd  ab  Llewellyn  ab  Graffydd  ab  Philip  ab  Madog^p 
to  Elystan  Glodrftdd. ^| 

Owen  ab  Howel  Goch,=j=Gatharine,   d.   of     Llewellyn .=i=Gwenllian,  dau.  of 
Mayor  of  Machynlleth    Thomas  ab  Bhys  ~' 

inl&66andl577.   Will    ab  David   Lloyd 
proved  Oct.  26th,  1682.  I  of  Newtown  Hall 

I  I 

JohnOwenjAr.,»Mallt,  d.  of  Bd.     David=f=Margaret,  d. 


J.P.,  Mayor  of  Paeh,  Esq.,  of  Lloyd 
Machynlleth,  DoT-y-CorsUw-  Owen. 
1584,  et  9eq,  yn,  in  Cem- 


of  John  Pagh 

of  Matha- 

farn. 


Bhys  ab  Llewellyn 

ab  leuan  ab  Howet 

ab  Goronwy. 


Bowland  ab  David  Lloyd,  Mayor  of  Mach-        John  of  Machynlleth,  1579  t 
ynUeth  in  1598. I 

Pogh  ab  John  of  Machynlleth.=j= 

I 
John  Pagh  of  Cwm  Rhaiadr.7 ...,  d.  of  leuan  ab  Llewellyn  ab  Bhys  ab  leaan 
j ab  Wilcock. 

Hagh  Pugh.»Mary,  d.  of  John  ab  Bhydderch  ab    Evan  Pugh,  06.:^  Ada 

:  Lewys  of  Ardudwy  5  06.  «.  p.  1706.  | 

\  I 

John  Pogh  (said.  Add,  MSS.  9865,  to  be  T  A  daughter  and  heiress, 
illegitimate). j 

Hugh  Pugh  of  Cwm  Bhaiadr.=F 

John  Pugh  of  Cwm  Bhaiadr.  qp 

Susannah  Pugh,  heiress  of  Cwm  Bhaiadr.=F  Jenkin  GriflBths. 

Simon  Griffiths  of  Cwm  Bhaiadr;  7  Sarah  Pritchard  of  Ceniarth,  parish  of 
married  Oct.  13th,  1803.  Machynlleth  (see  Mont.  Coll,  vol.  xv, 
__l      p.  230). 

Susannah  Griffiths,  heiress  of  Cwm  Rhaiadr ;  7  Matthew  Davies  Williams  of 
married  18^. |    Cwm  Cynfelin,  co.  Cardigan. 

Major  Geo.  Griffiths  Williams  of  Wallog,  co.  Cardigan. 


*  Cwm  Bhaiadr  is  now  in  possession  of  Bichard  Peyton,  Esq.,  of  Birming- 
ham. 


E  2 


52 


OYFEILIOG    PEDIGREES. 


JONES    OF    MACHYNLLETH    TOWN. 

From  Parish  Registers,  WiUs^  etc, 
David  Jones,  Machynlleth.=j= 


John  David  Jones  of  Machynlleth.  =f=Elizabeth. 


Thomas  David  Jones. 


David  Jone6= 
of  Machyn- 
lleth, bapt. 
1692. 

=Anne  Tho- 
mas, m. 
1719. 

Rich- 

ard 

Jones, 

b. 
1694. 

Thomas  Jones,   b.   1696, »  Jane, 
died  at  Lledfer  Machyn- 
lleth 1734,  ».i).  Devised 
his  property  to  his  nephew, 
D&vid  Bowland. 

1 
David,  Elizal 
1720.        1724 

eth,    John, 
k.          1723. 

Humphrey  Jones,  b.  1698.       Bowland  Jones.=^      Elizabeth  Jones,  b.  1702. 


John  Rowland. 


David  Rowland. 


SOME  DESCENDANTS  OF   HARRI  VTCHAN. 

Parish— MACHYNLLETH. 

From  Pedigrees  compiled  by  the  late  Oliver  Morris,  Esq.  ;   contmued  hy 
Mrs.  Ruck,  of  Pantllwdw, 

Harry  Vychan  of  Machynlleth  (from=^ane,  veroh  Richard  Pagh,  Dolycors- 
'    Edwin,  Lord  of  Tegaingle). j  Uwyn  in  Cemmaes. 

Hugh  ab=T=Elinor ,  who  was  a  widow  in  1643,  when  she  signed  the  settle- 


Harry. 


r 


ment  of  her  son,  and  entailed  Pantllndw  on  him  and  his  heirs 
by  his  wife  Margaret.  Deed  witnessed  by  Rees  ap  Hugh,  Richard 
Harrie  Vychan,  and  David  ap  Hugh. 


Hugh  Parry .=j=Margaret,  verch  Hugh  Vychan. 

David  Hugh  Parry  of^Mai^garetta  Anwyl  of    Margaret.=T=Edward  Evans  of 
Dolgelynin,  near            Machynlleth,  m.  Pantlludw. 

" I       Sept.  7th,  169r>. | 


Machynlleth. 


I 


Ann, 
b.  1723, 
6b,  8.  p. 


Hugh  Parry.  =f=Mary  Evans,  m.  1720. 

David, 
b.  1726, 

Ob,  8,  p. 


Thoinas,    Margaret,  b.  1733.=i=Morri8  Oliver  Morris  of 


b.  1728, 

oh,  8,  p. 


Heiress  of  Pant- 
Undw. 


Esgair  Foel  Eirin, 
near  Machynlleth. 
Will  proved  1766. 


Oliver  Morris   of  Esgair      Mary, 
Poel  Eirin,  etc.,  J.P.  for        ob. 
00.  Montgomery ;  oh,  in-      1824, 

nupt.  1808.  innupt. 


Ann.: 


I 


=Riohard  Mathews  of  Llanid- 
loes, owner  of  farms  Uan- 
erch  and  Craigl&s,  in  the 
parish  of  Llangurig. 


Richard  Mathews  of  E8-=f  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  John  Jones  of  Esgair 
gair  Foel  Eirin.  |  Evan,  in  Llanbrynmair. 

Mary  Ann  Mathews, «  Laurence  Ruck,  Esq.,  of  Cranbrook  Manor,  Newington, 
only  daughter.  Kent. 


CYFEILIOG   PEDIGREES.  53 


JONES    OF    ESGAIB   EVAN    IN    LLANBEYNMAIR. 

From  Pedigrees  compiled  by  the  Rev.  Ed.  Jonrs,  LloTidegai,  and  the 

Rev.  John  Jones,  LlanUyfni^  with  continuations  by  Mrs.  Ruck, 

o/Esgair  Foel  Eirin  and  PantUudw, 

Uchdryd  ab  Edwynof  Tegaingla=T=AgneB,  d.  of  Llewellyn  Aordorchog. 

RiiUp.=f=Jeimet,  d.  of  Reea  ab  HoweL 


Howel.=f=Anghaiad,  d.  of  UeweUyn  Vyohan,  Lord  of  Main. 

DaYid.=j=Jane,  d.  of  Howel  ab  David  of  Trevor. 

Iorwerth.=T=Arddnn,  d.  of  Traheym  ab  Pasgen,  Lord  of  Goilsfield. 

Llewellyn.=f=Janet,  d.  of  Sir  John  Skidmore,  Knt. 

Griffith.=f=Dyddga,  d.  of  Llewellyn  Vyohan,  from  Einion  ab  Seisyllt 

Uewellyn.=f=Mary,  d.  of  Llewellyn  ab  Madog  ab  Tudur  of  Penegoee. 

Madog.  =pElizabeth,  d.  of  Owen  ab  Meredyth  of  Neuadd  Wen. 

David.=T=Ale8,  d.  of  Llewellyn  €K>gof,  from  Einion  ab  Seisyllt. 

Qri!ffith.=T=Jane,  d.  of  Evan  ab  Madog  ab  Griffith  ab  Evan  ab  Meredyth  ab 
I  Howel  Goch  of  Darowen. 

Howel.=f=Mabel,  d.  of  Evan  Vychan,  from  Edwin. 

G wylym. ^=Gwen,  d.  of  Evan  David  of  Wenallt,  from  Edwin. 

Morgan.  =1= 

John.=f=A  daughter  of  Edward  Wynn  of  Dolebachog,  Gent. 

ThomasJones^Elizabeth,  d.  of  Bandle  Owen  of  Gellydowell. 

John  Jone8.=f=Ellzabeth,  d.  of  Humphrey  ab  Thomas  ab  Morris  of  Machyn- 

^1  lleth. 

I 
Thomas  JoneB.=pElinor«  d.  of  Evan  ab  Sees  of  Cwmyranol,  from  Evan  Lloyd 

^j  of  Camo. 

John  Jone8.=f=Jane,  d.  of  Humphrey  Jones  of  Esgair  in  Llanbrynmair. 

Thomas  =j=Elinor,  d.  of  John    Richard  Jones     Jonn  Jones     Rev.  William 
Jones  of    Evans  of  GlanElan,     ofCwmbych-     ofCwmbych-    Jones,  living 
Esgair      co.  Radnor,  Sheriff        anbachin         anmawr,  in         in  1819. 
Evan.    I         of  Radnor.  Llanbryn-  Llanbryn- 

j mair. mair. 

>  \b 


54 


CYFEILIOG   PEDIGREES 


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65 


BEANDER  MILL  AND  LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

Depositions  relating  to  a  Suit  between  Thomas  Powell,  Esq., 
Plaintiff,  and  John  Pryce,  Esq,,  Defendant,  taken  at 
Montgomery  on  Monday,  Oct,  6th,  1594,  referring  to  Mills 
and  Lands  wi  the  Parishes  of  Newtown  ami  Llanllwchaiarn. 

WITH     SOME     REMARKS     AND     NOTES, 

By  E.  ROWLEY-MORRIS. 


The  annexed  depositions  are  a  transcript  of  the  original 
in  the  Record  Office ;  but  for  the  convenience  of  the 
reader  I.  have  adapted  the  orthography  to  that  in 
fashion  at  the  present  time.  Unfortutiately,  the  inter- 
rogatories were  not  attached  to  the  depositions,  hence 
the  subject  matter  of  the  dispute  can  only  be  inferred. 
It  may  have  been  an  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  plain- 
tiff to  obtain  damages  from  the  defendant  for  dilapida- 
tions, or  to  obtain  possession  of  the  demesne  lands, 
mills,  etc.,  or  both.  If  I  were  to  trace  the  devolution 
of  the  lands  involved  in  this  dispute  I  should  have  to 
commence  with  the  charter  granted  by  Edward  I  (on 
the  6th  of  January  in  the  7th  year  of  that  monarch's 
reign,  1279)  to  Roger  Mortimer,  which  conceded  to 
the  latter  "  Kery  Kedewiog  and  Dolforwyn  Castle, 
also  a  fair  and  market  at  Llanfair^  in  Kedewing  in 
Wales",  subject  to  the  payment  assessed  upon  "  three 
knights'  fees".*  This  charter  is  preserved  in  Liber 
Niger  de  Wigmore  {Harl.  1240)  ;  see  Index,  fo.  9,  and 
fo.  85  of  the  MS. ;  it  is  in  Norman  French. 

The  Inquisitions  Post  Mortem  of  the  Mortimer 
family  and  other  official  documents  in  the  Record 
Office,  clearly  show  the  devolution  of  this  grant  until 

1  Now  Newtowa  «  Mont  Coll.,  x,  p.  327. 

VOL.  XVII.  F 


^         I 


66  BEANDER    MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

it  ultimately  became  vested  again  in  the  Crown  in  the 
person  of  Henry  VII.  The  indices  of  the  "North  Wales 
Land  Revenue  Rolls"  at  Spring  Gardens  give  the  dates 
and  description  of  many  of  the  sub-grants  or  leases 
to  the  local  gentry  of  portions  of  the  property  em- 
bodied in  the  above  concession  to  Roger  Mortimer  ;  but 
when  the  Mortimer  estates  were  confiscated  in  1320, 
I  find  Roger  de  la  Beche  had  custody  of  Kerry,  anno 
1322  {Originalia,  vol.  i,  p.  262),  and  Kedewen  was,  in 
1327,  in  the  custody  of  Thomas  de  Clone,  parson  of 
Hopesay  (Orig.,  vol.  ii,  p.  48).  These  estates  were 
restorea  to  the  Mortimers  in  a  few  years  afterwards, 
for  at  the  death  of  Roger  (26th  of  February,  34 
Edward  III)  at  Ronera,  in  Burgundy,  his  wife  PhUlippa 
had  for  her  dowry,  among  other  places,  "  Dolvoreyn, 
the  Newtown  and  cantred  of  Kedewyiog,  and  the 
comot  of  Kerry"  {Orig.y  vol.  ii,  pp.  259-260),  where 
the  annual  value  is  given.  She  died  21st  November, 
4th  Richard  II  (1380).  There  is  at  the  Record  Office 
•*  an  account  (No.  68,  Ministers  Accounts,  7-8  Richard 
II,  1384)  of  the  arrears  of  accounts  in  the  demesnes 
of  Kerry  Kedewen  and  Montgomery,  in  the  King's 
hands,  by  the  death  of  the  Countess  of  March",  a  docu- 
ment, with  many  other  similar  ones,  that  would,  if 
printed  in  Mont.  Coll.,  give  much  insight  into  genea- 
logy and  values  of  the  period.  On  the  death,  in  1425, 
of  Edmund,  last  Earl  of  March  (see  Dugdale,  i,  p.  151), 
without  issue,  his  sister  Ann,  who  had  married  Richard 
Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Cambridge,  transmitted  her 
brother's  immense  estates,  as  well  as  claim  to  the  Crown, 
to  her  son  Richard  Plantagenet,  Duke  of  York.  He  was 
slain  at  Wakefield,  1460.  His  son  Edward,  Duke  of 
York,  won  the  battle  of  Mortimer's  Cross,  4th  March 
1460-1,  and  ascended  the  throne  as  Edward  IV, 
when  Rees  ap  Davydd  Lloyd  became  steward  of  Kerry, 
etc.  {Mont.  Coll,  ii,  p.  899) ;  but  on  the  usurpation  of 
Richard  III,  he  passed  a  patent,  July  15th,  1484  (see 
Appendix  to  9th  Report  of  the  Records,  p.  17),  and 
granted  for  life  to  Henry,  Duke  of  Buckingham,  the 


BEANDER   MILL    AND    LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  67 

"  Stewardship  and   Receivership   of  the  Lordship   of 
Kerry,  Caedewen,  and  Newtown". 

On  the  ascension  of  Henry  VII,  the  King  appoints 
his  uncle  Jaspar,  Duke  of  Bedford,  and  omers,  com- 
missioners to  hear  and  determine  cases  among  the 
tenants  of  the  earldom  of  March  {Pat,  1  Henry  VII, 
18th  Feb.),  and  on  the  11th  March,  5th  Henry 
VII,  1489-90,  a  patent  is  passed,  granting  to  Richard 
Pole,  a  knight  of  the  King's  body,  for  life,  the  oflfices 
of  Receiver  and  Steward  of  the  lordships  and  manors 
of  Montgomery,  Kerry,  and  Kidewen,  in  the  marches 
of  Wales,  and  constable  of  Montgomery  Castle.  In  the 
following  year  writs  were  issued  to  all  the  counties, 
giving  notice  of  an  intended  war  with  France,  and 
requiring  the  assistance  of  the  King's  subjects  thereto, 
"  in  this  arduous  affair,"  each  one  according  to  his  means 
(benevolence),  and  to  certify  their  proceedings  to  the 
Council.  {Foed.,  v,  xij,  pp.  446-8.  Pat.,  Henry  VII,  of 
July  6th,  p.  64.)  The  writ  for  the  lordships  of  Kerry, 
Montgomery,  and  Kedewen  was  addressed  to  Richard 
Pole,  Knt. 

The  first  grant  of  the  lands  in  dispute,  referred  to  in 
annexed  depositions,  which  I  have  met  with,  is  the 
following :~"  5th  April  1516.  Th.  ap  Res.^  Grant 
of  Beander  Mill  with  two  pastures  called  Fryth 
Garth  and  Fryth  Beander,  and  the  demesne  lands 
called  Beander  lands,  and  Kahenry  in  Kedewen,  on 
surrender  of  Pat.,  26th  June,  3rd  Henry  VIII  (under 
the  seal  of  the  earldom  of  March),  which  is  invalid.'' 
{Pat.,  7  Henry  VIII,  p.  3,  m.  27.) 

The  next  grant  I  met  with  to  the  Pryce  family  is  the 
following: — '*30th  January  1521.  Grant  to  Matthew 
ap  Thomas,  lease  of  the  toU  market  on  Tuesday, 
and  of  three  fairs  on  the  feasts  of  S.8.  Edward  and 
Ciricus,  in  the  Newtown  of  Kedewen  in  Kerrye,  parcel 
of  the  earldom  of  March,  for  twenty-one  years,  at  the 
annual  rent  of  2is.  Delivered  at  Westminster,  30th  of 
January,  12  Henry  VIII.''  {Pat,  p.  1  m.  19.) 
^  See  "  Montgomeryshire  Sheriffs",  p.  49. 

F  2 


68  BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

The  lands  and  other  hereditaments  involved  in  the 
dispute  which  the  annexed  depositions  refer  to,  were 
portions  of  the  ancient  possessions  of  the  Mortimers, 
acquired,  in  the  course  of  years,  under,  or  by  means  of, 
the  charter  above  referred  to  ;  and  though  these  lands 
appear  to  have  passed,  at  the  period  when  the  dispute 
arose,  to  Thomas  Powell,  l^q.,  under  a  lease,  yet  the 
Pryces  again  obtained  possession  of  them,  for  at  the 
period  of  the  Civil  Wars  they  were  included  in  the 
property  of  the  Pryces  of  Newtown  Hall,  which  was 
to  have  been  sequestrated,  and  subject  then  to  a  rental 
of  £6  65.  per  annum.  {Roy,  Com.  papers,  1st  series, 
vol.  xlix,  p.  673,  where  an  inventory  of  the  whole 
estate  is  given,  and  values.)  The  grant  which  the  Pryces 
had  of  these  lands,  immediately  preceding  this  dispute, 
is  enrolled  at  Land  Revenue  Office,  and  runs  thus  : — 
"9th  June,  12  Elizabeth.  Grant  of  Beander  Mills,  Frith 
Garth  and  Frith  Beander,  and  Cae  Henry,  the  demesne 
lands  called  '  Beander',  part  of  the  lordship  of  Cede- 
wen,  part  of  the  property  of  the  Earl  of  March, 
twenty-one  years  at  £6  25.  Id"  {Land  Rev.N.  Wales y 
vol.  iii,  p.  200.)  This  would  expire  in  1591.  On  the 
same  9th  June  other  grants  were  conceded  to  the 
same  John  Pryce  in  Dolfor,  Kerry,  and  Newtown. 
{Land  Rev.  RoUs^  vol.  iv,  p.  92,  v.  p.  47.)  I  have  not 
seen  any  subsequent  enrolment  of  a  grant  of  these 
lands  to  the  Pryce  family.  Yet  one  must  have  passed, 
inasmuch  as  the  miUs  and  some  portions  of  these  lands 
are  now  part  of  the  Newtown  Hall  Estate,  held  by 
Wastel  Brisco,  Esq.,  a  descendant  of  John  Pryce,  Esq., 
the  defendant.  The  other  portions  of  the  land  remained 
in  the  family  till  1781,  wnen  they  were  sold  under  a 
decree  from  the  Court  of  Chancery,  in  a  suit^  Earl 
Temple  v.  Sir  John  Powell  Pryce  and  others,  for  a 
mortgage  debt  due  to  the  plaintiff.  In  one  of  the 
numerous  reports^  of  the  masters  in  Chancery  con- 
nected with  this  'case,  the  following  reference  to  these 
lands  is  made : — "  Some  of  these  lands  are  called 
»  Jteport  of  Master  Pechell,  26th  June,  1781. 


BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  69 

'  Beander'  lands,  and  are  held  by  an  old  grant  from  the 
Crown  in  fee,  but  subject  to  an  annual  quit  rent  of 
£12  is.  2dJ'  (exactly  double  the  rent  reserved  in  the 
lease  of  12  Elizabeth.)' 

ExcHSQUBR  Dbpositions.     36-37  EUzaheth, 
No.  6,  Montgomery. 

Taken  at  Montgomery  on  Monday,  the  6th  day  of  October, 
in  the  thirty-sixth  year  of  the  reign  of  our  Lady  Elizabeth, 
Qaeen  of  England,  France,  and  Ireland,  Defender  of  the 
Faith,  etc. 

Depositions  and  sayings  of  witnesses  taken  the  day,  year, 
and  place  aforesaid,  before  Bichard  Herbert,  Esq.,  James  Price, 
Esq.,  and  Bichard  Mores,  Esq.  By  virtue  of  the  Queen's 
Majesty's  Writ  of  Commission  out  of  Her  Highnesses  Court  of 
Exchequer  at  Westminster,  to  them,  or  any  two  of  them,  and 
to  one  William  Herbert,  Esq.,  at  the  suit  of  Thomas  Powell, 
Esq.,  Plaintiff,  against  John  Pryce,  Esq.,  Defendant,  on  the 
part  and  behalf  of  the  said  Plaintiff. 

^  A  short  time  ago  I  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  many  of 
the  family  papers  of  the  Pryce's,  now  in  the  possession  of  Wastel 
Brisco,  Esq.,  and  from  the  perusal  of  the  counterpart  of  a  sub-lease 
of  theirs,  dated  about  the  commencement  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
I  became  acquainted  with  the  fact  that  a  not  inconsiderable  portion 
of  the  Montgomeryshire  estate  of  the  Newtown  Hall  family  came 
originally  into  their  hands  by  lease  from  the  abbot  and  monks  of 
"  Strata  Florida".  This  portion  comprised  the  Court  near  Abermule, 
Brynderwen,  Llegodig,  Dolforwyn,  Abermule  Inn,  the  hamlet  of 
Abermule,  also  a  fulling  null  in  Dolforwyn.  It  was  stated  in  this 
sub-lease  that  the  Pryce  family  had  held  this  property  "  from  time 
immemoriar'  at  a  rental  of  £6  per  annum.  On  referring  to  the 
MonagticoTif  voL  v,  p.  634, 1  found  among  the  possessions  of  '*  Strata 
Florida"  at  the  dissolution,  "  Abernoyle  Reddit  grangioe,  £6".  The 
obscure  way  in  which  the  name  has  been  spelt,  and  the  classification 
under  Cardiganshire,  may  have  been  the  reason  why  this  possession 
of  the  abbey  has  not  hitherto  been  identified  and  localised.  I  was 
able,  in  a  preceding  short  paper  (see  Mont,  ColL^  ix,  306),  to  identify 
in  Tregynon  parish  some  lands  formerly  belonging  to  "Strata 
Florida",  and  I  now  suggest  that  both  these  possessions  may  have 
been  gifts  to  that  abbey  by  Meredydd  ap  Rotpert,  who  is  said  to 
have  been  buried  there,  whose  castle  of  Dolforwyn  overlooks  most  of 
the  land  included  in  the  above  reference,  and  whose  demesne, 
attached  to  the  castle,  could  only  have  been  separated  from  the  Court 
farm  by  the  river  Severn. 


70  BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

Humphrey  Morgan  of  Newtown,  in  the  county  of  Montgo- 
mery, Olerh,  aged  thirty-four  years  or  thereabouts,  sworn, 
saith  as  folio weth  : — 

To  the  First  and  Second  he  is  for  his  part  ignorant. 

To  the  Third  he  is  also  ignorant,  saving  that  he  sayeth  that 
some  of  those  who  did  sometimes  use  to  grind  at  Her  Majesty's 
Mill,  io  the  said  first  Article  mentioned,  do  now  grind  at  a 
horse  mill  lately  erected  by  the  defendant  in  Newtown,  now  in 
his  own  possession,  but  whether  the  custom,  suits,  or 
'  in  the  said  third  Article  mentioned  are  withdrawn  from  Her 
Majesty's  Mills,  he  knoweth  not,  nor  by  whom. 

To  the  Fourth  Article  he  sayeth  that  he  knoweth  that  there 
was  great  spoils,  wastes,  or  destruction  made  in  the  woods  of 
the  premises  in  the  first  Article  mentioned  since  1591,  by 
divers  and  sundry  the  tenants  and  inhabitants  dwelling  within 
the  town  of  Newtown  and  elsewhere,  but  the  value  certain  of 
the  said  wastes,  spoils,  or  destructions  done  in  the  said  woods 
since  the  said  time  be  cannot  set  down,  and  sayeth  that  he  did 
see  one  Rees  ap  Thomas,  otherwise  Kenvor  (?),  Edward  ap 
Morris,  otherwise  Burges,  and  Thomas  ap  levanni,  and  the 
servants  of  the  said  Charles  Pryce  and  David  Lloyd  ap  He*  5, 
with  horses,  sleds,  or  cars,  and  upon  their  carts  carrying 
certain  of  the  said  woods.  Cliarles  Pryce  and  David  Lloyd  ap 
Rees  maintaining  their  servants  therein,  but  to  what  value  cer- 
tain he  cannot  depose. 

To  the  Fifth  Article  he  sayeth  that  at  such  time  part  of  the 
lands,  which  is  termed  to  be  demesne  lands,  was  left  (as  is 
alleged)  by  the  defendant  to  the  said  plaintiff,  he  was  not 
present,  but  since  the  order  taken,  mentioned  in  the  said 
Article,  he  was  present,  and  did  see  one  Bees  Jenkins  enter  for 
the  plaintiff  into  the  several  parcels  of  lands  following,  which 
is  termed  to  be  demesne  lands  :^  Coed-ffreeth-y-garth,  Dole- 

*  It  will  be  noticed  how  pertinaciously  ancient  names  cling.  Most 
of  these  lands  are  at  this  day  known  by  the  very  names  above. 
Coed-y-frydd  is  now  the  property  of  the  Llanerchydol  family,  and  is 
situated  on  the  Llanllwchaiam  side  of  the  river  Severn,  immediately 
after  passing  the  National  School.  It  is  divided  into  accommodation 
lands,  but  many  of  the  old  fences  which  divided  these  fields  at  the 
time  of  the  sale  under  the  decree  of  the  Court  of  Chancery,  1781, 
yet  remain.^  Dol-y-Garth  most  probably  is  the  meadow  lying 
between  Coed-y-frydd  and  the  Severn,  on  part  of  which  the  Welsh 
woollen  mills  stand.  Beander  Mill  is  now  usually  called  Oversevem 
Factory.  Dole  Vydew,  in  some  parts  of  the  depositions  spelled 
"  Vydr",  I  think,  must  be  portions  of  the  land  now  known  as  the 
Bear's  Head  Fields,  near  Abraham  Goodwin's,  on  the  Llanfair  Road, 


BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  71 

y-garfch,  Beander  Mill,  Dole  Vydew  (or  Vydr),  Maes-y-Carraj]r]e, 
Fryth  Vedw,  Dole-y-Domen,  Cae  Henri,  Maes  Llwyd,  Maes- 
rhaudir,  Gwerglodd-y-Dwr,  Bryn-y-Lluast,  Gwerglodd  Ucha 
Llwyn,  Gwerglodd  Owen,  Bryn  Boydogge — at  which  times  the 
several  parcels  thereof  called  Maes  Llwyd,  Maes-y-rhandir, 
Gwerglodd-y-Dwr,  Gwerglodd  Ucha,  Llwyn  Leskod,  otherwise 
Lleskeme,  Gwerglodd  Owen,  Bryn-boydog,  Bryn-y-Uuast,  and 
the  one  side  of  Fryth-y-Garth  (in  respect  that  the  defendant 
had  corn  growing  thereby),  fenced,  in  reasonable  good  repara- 
tion, and  the  rest  of  the  premises  called  Ffryth-y- Vydew, 
Ffryth-y-Garth,  Dole-y-Vedw,  and  Maes-y-Garragle,  lay  in 
common  and  waste  ground,  withoat  any  enclosing  ;  and  to  the 
rest  of  the  said  Article  be  is  ignorant 

To  the  Sixth  he  doth  not  otherwise  depose  than  to  the  fifth 
he  hath  deposed. 

William  Whytington,  of  the  town  and  county  of  Mont- 
gomery, gentleman,  of  about  the  age  of  fifty  years,  sworn,  etc. 

To  the  First,  Second,  Third,  and  Fifth  Articles  he  is 
ignorant. 

To  the  Sixth,  he  deposeth  and  sayeth  that  about  a  year  ago 

lying  between  the  hamlet  and  "  PwU-y  bidron".  Maes-y-Carragle 
is  now  sub-divided,  and  lies  on  the  slope  facing  the  canal  basin  ;  the 
highway  to  Llanllwchaiam  Church  intersects  it.  Frydd  Fedw,  or 
Fydr,  is  probably  the  rough  land  bounded  by  the  little  brook  near 
the  Rock  Cottage,  and  is  known  as  Miles's  Wood,  Cae  Henry  is  iu 
Newtown  parish,  and  is  now  cut  into  two  by  the  turnpike  road 
leading  from  Newtown  to  Welshpool ;  it  commences  at  the  Welsh- 
pool turnpike  gate.  The  field  on  the  left-hand  side  as  far  as  the 
'*  Gro  Lumps"  is  a  portion  of  it,  and  that  on  the  right  to  the  old 
lane  which  used  to  lead  from  the  turnpike  road  to  "  Werndu",  is  the 
other  part  thereof.  Dole-y-Domen  is,  as  the  name  indicates,  the 
meadow  adjacent  to  the  old  earthworks ;  but,  I  think,  at  the  period 
of  the  depositions,  it  reached  as  far  as  the  present ''cemetery''  ground. 
MaesUwyd,  Maesrhandir,  and  the  other  fields  mentioned^  are  situated 
above  Newtown.  Maesllwyd  still  retains  its  name,  and  so  does 
Maesrhandir  ;  but  I  cannot  identify  tne  others  at  the  present  moment. 
There  is  a  great  deal  of  interesting  information  in  these  depositions, 
genealogical  and  otherwise.  The  value  of  land  at  the  period  around 
Newtown  is  set  forth  ;  the  wild,  unfenced,  uncultivated  character  of 
what  is  now  the  very  best  land  in  the  neighbourhood  is  indicated. 
Altogether  a  perusal  of  the  depositions  will  enable  members  of  the 
Society  who  reside  in,  about,  or  who  know  Newtown  and  its  vicinity, 
to  follow  up  the  clue  which  thev  afibrd  in  obtaining  a  picture  of 
society  and  the  conditions  of  life  as  then  existing,  if  they  feel 
desirous  of  doing  so. 


72  BEANDER   MILL   AKD   LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

he  was  present  and  did  see  Thomas  Powell,  Esq.,  in  the  same 
Article  named  enter  into  a  parcel  of  the  demesne  lands  in  the 
first  Article  mentioned  in  the  name  of  all  the  said  demesne 
land,  and  did  then  and  there  cause  his  man  who  attended  upon 
him  to  take  off  the  bridles  of  his  geldings  and  put  them  to 
graze  upon  the  said  parcel  of  land,  but  whether  Mr.  Pryce  did 
re-enter  into  the  same  or  not,  this  deponent  is  ignorant. 

Bees  Janktns  of  Llanllwchaiam,  gentleman,  of  the  age  of 
forty-four  years  or  thereabouts. 

To  the  First  interrogatory  he  sayeth  that  he  knoweth  the 
first  two  mills  in  the  same  interrogatory  mentioned,  and  did 
know  the  Fulling  Mill  therein  also  mentioned,  which  is  now 
decayed;  and  also  sayeth  that  he  knoweth  the  lands  and 
grounds  in  the  same  interrogatory  set  down  by  their  special 
names,  as  they  are  therein  particularly  named  and  expressed, 
and  sayeth  that  he  thinks  in  his  conscience  that  all  the  same 
premises  are  Her  Majesty's  demesne  lands,  in  or  near  New- 
town, for  that  he  hath  heard  the  same  commonly  reputed,  ac- 
counted, and  taken  so  to  be  by  the  common  view  of  the 
country,  and  sayeth  that  he,  this  deponent,  heard  that  the  said 
defendant,  John  Pryce,  confess  that  he,  the  said  defendant, 
had  received  the  profits  of  the  premises  for  one  whole  year 
after  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  our  Lady,  1591,  saving 
the  two  "  Frithes"  which  lay  open — Dole-y-Domen,  and  the 
land  in  the  possession  of  Samuel  ap  Matthewe,  and  of  one 
Madockye,  and  further  sayeth  that  the  said  two  grist  mills 
even  now  since  the  said  Feast  hath  been  in  the  occupation  of 

David  ap  Richard,  otherwise  Mores,  who  was  then 

(?  tenant),  and  John  Pryce,  and  sayeth  that  he  esteemeth  the 
said  mills  to  be  of  the  yearly  value  of  £10  or  thereabouts ;  and 
sayeth  that  he  esteemeth  Pryth  Garth  to  be  worth  43».  4(i. 
yearly  or  thereabouts  ;  and  Fryth  Beander,  about  30s.  a  year ; 
and  he  thinketh  Maes-y-Carragle  to  be  worth  to  let  £4  yearly ; 
and  Dole-y-Velyn  to  be  worth  £10  yearly  or  thereabouts ;  and 
further  sayeth  that  he,  this  deponent,  hath  occupied  Dole 
Domen  since  the  said  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  Our  Lady, 
1591,  until  the  said  7th  of  November,  in  the  35th  year  of  the 
reign  of  our  Sovereign  Lady  Queen  Elizabeth,  by  the  grant 
of  the  said  defendant,  in  exchange  for  other  lands  in  per- 
petuity ;  and  thinkgth  the  same  lands  called  Dol-y-Domen  to 
be  worth  yearly  to  be  set  about  £10;   and  sayeth  that  he 

thinketh  that  the  said  defendant  hath  for  the^ said  time 

of  the  said  order  taken  enjoyed  the  said  parcel  of  land 

I  Illegible. 


BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  73 

^ for  the   same  his  catties  lie  and  depasture  there^ 

worth  40«.  by  the  year ;  and  also  thinketh^ 

that  the  defendant  did  for  the  same  time  enjoy^ Llwyd, 

worth  yearly  (as  he  esteemeth)  about^ thinketh  that  the 

defendant  until  the  7th  of  November^ occupied  and 

enjoyed  Gwerglodd-y-Dwr,  being  as  he  esteemeth  of  the  yearly 
worth  to  be  set  about  £3 ;  and  that  Mr.  Pryce  enjoyed 
T  Gwerglodd  Owen,  to  his  knowledge,  until  the  7th  day  of 

November^ worth  yearly,  to  be  set  by  his  estimation, 

about  308. ;  and  thinketh  defendant  hath  also  enjoyed  for  the 

said  time  Llwyn otherwise  Llwyn  Lleskem,  being  of 

the  yearly  value  of  bs,  or  thereabouts,  for  he  had  corn  growing 
upon  part  thereof  this  last  year ;  and  that  Y  Werglodd  Ucha 
was  for  the  same  time  enjoyed  by'  the  said  defendant  and  his 
assigns,  and  had  the  hay  there  being  to  his  own  use  this  last 
year,  and  is  worth  yearly  26«.  8^2.,  as  he  esteemeth  it ;  and 
sayeth  that  Eae  Henry  is  as  he  thinketh,  six  acres,  of  ground, 
worth  yearly  about  ISs,  id.,  and  was  enjoyed  for  the  said  time 
by  the  assigns  of  the  said  defendant ;  and  that  Bryn-y-Lluast 

is  worth  yearly  about  6s.  8i. ;    and  that  Bryn^ is  and 

hath  been  for  the  said  time  enjoyed  by  Launoelot  Mathewe, 
and  was  (as  he  heard)  granted  unto  him  by  the  defendant  in 
exchange  for  lands,  being  also  worth  yearly  20^.  as  he  thinketh; 
and  also  sayeth  the  said  three  acresof  land, lying  under  Fryth- 
y-Grarth,  is  of  the  yearly  value  of  6».  8d.,  to  set,  which  was  also 
enjoyed  by  the  defendant  until  the  said  7th  of  November; 
and  also  further  sayeth  William  Madocks,  as  tenant  to  the  said 
defendant,  hath  for  the  said  time  until  November  aforesaid 
enjoyed  Kae  Henry,  containing  by  estimation  sixteen  acres, 
which  is  worth  yearly,  as  he  also  thinketh,  about  335.  4d.;  and 
further  to  that  article  doth  not  depone. 

To  the  Second  inten-ogatory,  he  sayeth  that  at  the  time  of 
the  said  order  that  the  houses  and  buildings  over  the  said 
mills  were  very  ruinous  and  in  great  decay,  and  so  still  con- 
tinue ruinous ;  but  how  much  will  repair  the  same  tenantable 
he  knoweth  not  certain,  and  further  to  that  article  he  is  not 
examined. 

To  the  Third  interrogatory  he  sayeth  that  there  have  been 
very  great  spoil,  waste,  and  destruction  committed  upon  the 
wood  growing  in  Ffrith-y- Garth,  and  that  he,  this  deponent, 
about  two  years  past,  did,  in  company  of  the  plaintiff  and 
others,  view  the  same  wood,  where  and  upon  they  numbered 
about  five  hundred  saplings   there  cut,  as  appeared  by  the 

1  Illegible. 


74  BEANDER    MILL   AND    LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

stalks  thereof  there  remaining,  and  sayeth  that  the  spoil  and 
waste  at  Pryth-Vydew  was  so  great,  and  the  number  of  trees 
and  saplings  so  many,  that  they  could  not  then  conveniently 
number  the  same,  which  said  waste  and  spoil  was  reported  to 
be  done  and  committed  by  divers  of  the  inhabitants  of  New- 
town; and  sayeth  further^  that  since  the  time  that  the  said 
order  was  taken  in  the  Exchequer,  this  deponent  did  see  the 
servants  of  Charles  Pryce,  the  sons  of  David  Lloyd  ap  Rees, 
and  Edward  ap  Richard^  Edward  Bnrges,  Lewis  ap  levanni 
Reeg  ap  Thomas  Kerver  (?)  and  his  son,  the  maid  servant  of 
David  Thomas,  the  son  of  John  Nicholas,  the  servant  of  John 
ap  Hughe  ap  Mores,  and  divers  others  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  said  town,  at  divers  and  sundry  times,  cut  down  and  carry 
away  the  wood  there  growings  and  further  sayeth  that  the 
said  waste  and  spoil  committed  in  the  said  two  Ffriths  at  all 
times  since  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  Our  Lady,  1591, 
until  this  time,  was  in  value  £40,^  as  he  esteemeth  it. 

To  the  Fourth  interrogatory  he  sayeth  the  furze  and  hedges, 
ditches,  gates,  stiles,  and  mounds  (?)  of  the  premises,  or  the 
most  part  thereof,  were  in  great  decay  at  the  time  of  the  entry 
made  into  the  same  premises  for  the  now  plaintiff,  being 
January  last  past,  saving  that  Dole-y-Dommen,  and  the  said 
lands  in  the  occupation  of  Lancelot  Matthew  and  of  the 
said  Madockes,  were  (as  he  thinketh)  in  some  good  estate  of 
reparation ;  and  further  sayeth  he  thinketh  that  about  the  sum 
of  £5  would  make  good  the  said  decay  of  the  fences  and  hedges 
tenantable. 

To  the  Fifth  interrogatory  he  sayeth  that  the  said  defendant 
hath  caused  to  be  erected  a  new  horse  mill  in  Newtown  since 
the  time  of  the  said  order  taken  in  the  Exchequer,  and  sayeth 
that  divers  of  the  tenants  and  inhabitants  of  Newtown  and 
near  thereunto,  which  did  use  to  grind  their  com  and  malt  in 
the  said  mills,  called  Beander  Mills,  do  now  use  to  grind  their 
malt  in  the  said  newly-erected  horse-mill  of  the  said  Mr.  Pryce ; 
and  that  Mr.  Pryce,  his  miller  of  his  mill,  called  Our  Lady's 
Mill,  doth  use  to  carry  the  com  of  divers  of  the  said  inhabi- 
tants to  the  defendant's  mill. 

To  the  Sixth  interrogatory  he  sayeth  that  he  heard  say  that 
the  plaintiff  did  make  the  entry  therein  as  in  the  interrogatory 
is  specified,  and  further  doth  not' depone,  saving  that  the  said 
David  ap  Richard  hath,  since  the  said  Feast  of  the  Annuncia- 
tion of  Our  Lady,  1591,  enjoyed  the  said  mill,  being  placed 
therein  by  the  said  defendant,  as  before  he  hath  deposed. 

»  Equal  to  ^2,000  to-day. 


BEANDER  MILL   AND    LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  75 

To  the  Seventh  interrogatory  he  sayeth  that  he,  this  de- 
ponent, at  several  times  about  May  last  past,  had  of  the  said 
mills  certain  com  and  grain  to  supply  his  wants,  but  sayeth 
that  he  had  no  authority  from  the  said  plaintiff  to  demand  or 
receive  any  com  or  grist  of  the  said  miller,  neither  did  he 
receive  any  of  him  to  the  plaintiff's  use  or  by  the  plaintiff's 
appointment. 

William  Powell,  of  the  parish  of  Newtown,  yeoman,  of 
the  age  of  forty-eight  years  or  thereabouts,  also  sworn, 
etc. 

To  the  First  interrogatory  he  sayeth  that  he  knoweth  the 
two  first  mills  in  the  same  interrogatory  mentioned,  and  did 
know  a  Fulling  Mill  there  standing,  and  also  knoweth  the 
lands  in  the  same  interrogatory  mentioned  by  the  particular 
names  therein  set  down  and  expressed,  which  lands  have  been 
during  all  the  time  of  his  remembrance  accounted,  reputed,  and 
taken  to  be  Her  Majesty's  demesne  lands  in  and  near  New- 
town, within  the  lordship  of  Kedewen,  and  sayeth  that  David 
Mores,  otherwise  David  ap  Richard,  hath  occupied  and  enjoyed 
the  said  two  grist  mills  since  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of 
Our  Lady,  1591,  and  as  yet  doth ;  and  sayeth  that  Ffrith  Garth, 
Ffrith  Beander,  and  Bryn-y-Carragle,  have  laid  open  for  about 
four  years  past  until  about  May  last  past,  that  Rees  Jankyns, 
gent.,  did  enclose  the  same  by  appointment  of  the  plaintiff  (as 
he  thinketh) ;  and  sayeth  that  Dpl-y-Velin  was  enjoyed  in 
severalty  by  the  defendant  for  about  one  year  after  the  said 
Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  Our  Lady,  1591,  and  afterwards 
it  laid  open  and  was  depastured  upon  with  catties  of  the  said 
David  ap  Richard,  otherwise  Mores,  who  did  sometimes  also 
enclose  it,  and  was  often  in  that  time  depastured  upon  likewise 
by  the  cattle  of  otl^ers,  until  that  Rees  Jankyns,  the  last  spring 
time  or  thereabouts,  caused  it  to  be  hkewise  enclosed;  and 
that  the  said  Rees  Jankyns  did  during  all  the  said  time  occupy 
and  enjoy  Dol-y-Domen  in  severalty  (and  as  he  has  heard)  in 
exchange  for  other  lands  of  Mr.  Pryce,  and  that  the  defendant, 
John  Pryce,  Esq.,  did  also  enjoy  Maes-y-Rhandir,  Macs  Lloyd, 
Y-Gwerglodd-y-Dwr. 

The  evidence  of  this  deponent  (Josed  the  case  for  the 
plaintiff.  The  parchment  at  this  point  is,  in  consequence 
of  damp,  in  a  very  bad  condition,  and  the  writing,  with 
the  exception  of  a  word  here  and  there,  illegible  ;  but 
enough  is  decipherable  to  indicate  that  the  annexed 
deposition  is  the  defendant  s  reply. 


76  BBANDER  MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 


the  day,  year,  and  place  aforesaid  before 


witnesses  taken 


upon  the  articles 
.     .        .  hereunto  annexed  on  the  part 

and  behalf  of  ...  .  def    .     .     . 

at  the  suit  of  Thomas  Powell,  Esquire,  plaintiff. 

William  ap  Howbll  of  the  parish  of  Newtown,  yeoman,  of 
the  age  of  48  years  or  thereaboats,  sworn,  etc.,  on  the  part  and 
behalf  of  the  said  John  Pryce,  Esq.,  defendant,  deposeth  and 
sayeth  as  followeth  : — 

To  the  First  Article  he  sayeth  that  he  knoweth  the  parcel 
of  meadow  ground  and  land  called  Gwerglodd-y-Dwr,  in  that 
article  mentioned,  and  that  the  same  contains  about  seven  days' 
math  of  hay  and  some  rough  woods,  and  that  his  knowledge 
therein  came  by  report  of  one  Rees  ap  Thomas  and  others  of 
the  Ancient  Freeholders,  and  that  the  same  was  reported  unto 
him  by  the  said  Bees  David  at  times  before  his  death. 

To  the  Second  he  sayeth  that  he  heard  it  reported  by  the 
said  Bees  ap  Thomas,  that  the  defendant,*  John  Pryce,  Esq., 
hath  some  part  of  his  freehold  land  within  the  said  parcel  of 
meadow  ground  called  Gwerglodd-y-Dwr. 

To  the  third  Article  he  is  not  examined. 

To  the  Fourth  he  sayeth  that  the  parcel  of  lands  called 
Bron-y-Caragle,  and  the  two  pastures  called  Frith-y-Garth 
and  Frith  Yydew  were  not  sufficiently  fenced  the  time  in  that 
Article  mentioned,  and  that  the  other  parcels,  called  Gaehenry 
and  Dolyvelyn  were  the  same  time  fenced  (as  he  thinketh). 

To  the  Fifth  he  sayeth  that  he  doth  not  know  whether  the 
parcels  called  Gwerglodd-y-Dwr,  Dole  Domen,  Ma^se  Lloyd, 
Maes-y-Bhandir,  Gwerglodd  Owen  and  Lloyne  Llesker,  Kay 
Llandith(?),  Bryn  Boydogg,  and  the  meadow  and  lands  in  the 
possession  of  Launcelott  Mathewe  in  the  time  in  the  said 
Article  expressed,  were  sufficiently  fenced  or  not. 

To  the  Sixth  he  is  ignorant. 

To  the  Seventh  he  sayeth  that  David  More  in  that  Article 
named,  being  miller  in  Beander  Mill,  hath  continued  there 
since  the  Annunciation  of  Our  Lady,  1592,  and  that  he 
knoweth  not  whether  he  stayed  there  by  the  commandment  of 
the  said  Mr.  Pryce  or  not ;  and  whether  Bichard  Pryce  and 
Bees  Jenkyns  received  any  corn  or  commodity  from  the  said 
mill  this  deponent  knoweth  not ;  and  further  sayeth  that  he 


BKANDER    MILL    AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  77 

doth  not  remember  whether  the  same  mill  was  in  reparation  at 
the  said  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  Our  Lady  or  not. 

Rbes  JENEiNa  of  Llanlloignarne  (sic),  of  the  age  of  48  years 
or  thereabouts,  also  sworn,  etc. : — 

To  {he  First  Article  he  sayeth  that  he  knoweth  the  parcel  of 
meadow  ground  and  land  which  by  report  is  called  Gwerglodd- 
y-Dwr,  and  that  the  same  contaiueth  about  seven  days'  math 
of  ley^  besides  some  woodland,  and  that  he  heard  by  common 
report  the  said  parcel  meadow  ground  to  be  the  Queen^s  land, 
and  that  it  was  so  reported  by  Mores  ap  Mathewe  and  others, 
the  time  and  person  of  which  report  he  doth  not  remember. 

To  the  Second  he  sayeth  that  he  heard  it  reported  that  the 
said  Mr.  Fryce  made  challenge  to  some  part  of  the  lands 
within  Gwerglodd-y-Dwr  to  be  his  own  Land,  and  that  his 
servants  did  lately  enclose  between  it  and  the  highway 
there. 

To  the  Third  Article  he  sayeth  that  upon  common  report  he 
did  set  down  his  knowledge  upon  the  Articles  which  he  hath 
been  examined  on  Her  Majesty^s  behalf,  or  on  behalf  of 
Thomas  Powell  in  that  Article  named,  and  when  he  so  heard 
it  he  doth  not  now  remember. 

To  the  Fourth  he  sayeth  that  (as  he  remembereth)  the  two 
pastures  called  Ffryth-y-Garth  and  Ffryth-y-Vidr,  and  the 
parcel  called  Bron-y-Carragle,  lay  open  the  time  in  the  said 
Article  mentioned,  and  that  he  thinketh  that  Kae  Henry  was 
the  same  time  fenced  by  one  Madocke,  but  whether  the  other 
parcel,  called  Dole-y-Velin,  was  sufficiently  fenced  he  knoweth 
not. 

To  the  Fifth  he  sayeth  that  the  parcel  of  lands  called  Dole- 
y-Domen  the  time  in  the  said  articles  mentioned,  was  in  this 
deponent's  occupation  and  was  sufficiently  fenced,  and  sayeth 
that  he  thinketh  also  that  Lloyne  lie  Kyrne  and  the  land  in 
the  occupation  of  Launcelott  Mathewe  was  then  likewise 
fenced,  but  as  for  the  rest  of  the  lands  therein  contained, 
whether  it  was  fenced  or  not,  he  doth  not  well  remember. 

To  the  Sixth  he  sayeth  that  he  thinketh  that  it  is  lawful  for 
any  of  the  freeholders  of  the  Lordship  of  Kedewen  to  erect 
mills  upon  their  free  land,  and  also  he  thinketh  that  it  is 
lawful  for  them  to  grind  their  com  and  grist*  at  their  pleasures 
where  they  think  best 

To  the  Seventh  he  sayeth  that  David  Morre  being  miller  in 
Beander  Mill  since  the  Feast  of  the  Annunciation  of  Our 
Lady  in  that  Article  specified,  continued  in  the  said  mill,  etc. 
Whether  he   continued   there  by   the  commandment  of  the 


78  BEANDER   MILL   AND    LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

defendant^  Mr.  Pryce,  or  not^  this  deponent  cannot  depose ;  and 
farther,  he  sayeth  that  he  doth  not  know  whether  Richard 
Pryce  or  any  other  received  any  commodity  from  the  said  mill, 
bat  heard  that  the  said  Richard  Pryce  received  some  com 
from  the  said  mill,  but  to  what  quantity  he  knoweth  not ;  and 
for  himself  he  sayeth  that  he  aboat  May  last  past  came  to  the 
said  mill  and  of  the  said  miller  (at  divers  times)  had  grist 
there^  bnt  to  what  quantity  in  value  he  remembereth  not. 

To  the  Eighth  he  sayeth  that  he  saw  a  Fulling  mill  upon  part 
of  the  demesne  lands^  and  sayeth  that  he  heard  it  reported 
tliat  the  same  was  carried  away  by  the  violence  of  the  floods. 

Owen  Blaynet,  of  the  parish  of  Berjdew,  gentleman^  of  the 
age  of  62  years  or  thereabouts,  sworn,  eta 

To  the  First  Article,  etc.,  till  the  Fourth  Article  he  is  not 
requested  to  depose. 

To  the  Fourth  Article  he  sayeth  that  he  was  not  sent  unto 
Thomas  Powell  from  the  defendant  upon  any  message,  how- 
beit  he  sayeth  that  about  such  time  as  Sir  Edward  Herbert, 
Knight,  did  survey  the  Queen's  lands  about  Newtown,  whereof 
the  said  plaintiff  had  a  grant,  being  about  a  year  afore  the 
expiration  of  the  defendant's  lease  of  the  said  lands  (as  the 
said  defendant,  Mr.  Pryce,  then  declared  unto  this  deponent), and 
as  this  deponent  can  remember,  he,  this  deponent,  was  sent  as  a 
messenger  unto  the  said  Sir  Edward  Herbert  from  the  said 
defendant,  to  request  the  said  Sir  Edward  to  show  and  declare 
unto  the  plaintiff  that  he,  the  said  defendant,  did  disclaim  from 
the  occupation  of  the  Queen's  lands ;  and  as  soon  as  this  de- 
ponent had  delivered  his  message  unto  the  said  Sir  Edward,  at 
a  place  called  Y-Kae-Lloyd,  near  unto  the  Newtown,  in  the 
presence  of  the  said  plaintiff,  and  the  said  Sir  Edward  declared 
unto  the  said  plaintiff  the  effect  of  this  deponent's  message, 
whereupon  the  said  plaintiff  answered  the  said  Sir  Edward 
that  he  would  not  believe  the  message  of  this  deponent  to  be 
true,  because  the  said  plaintiff  alleged  that  the  defendant 
before  had  refused  so  to  do ;  and  upon  the  same,  the  said  de- 
ponent returned  again  unto*  the  defendant,  acquainting  him 
how  his  message  was  not  accepted.  And  therefore  the  said 
defendant,  John  Pryce,  being  somewhat  moved  (as  seemed 
that  his  messenger  should  not  be  believed),  declaring  further 
that  he  had  sent  other  former  messengers,  viz.,  John  ap  Hugh 
Mores,  and  Charles  Pryce,  unto  the  said  plaintiff,  to  show  unto 

that  he   was   contented  to  forego   the  occupying  or 

meddling  of  any  the  Queen's  lands  here,  presently  wrote  a 
note  in  Mrriting  unto  the  said  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  to  the  like 


BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN.  79 

effect)  as  far  as  this  deponent  remembereth  as  his  former 
message  was,  the  which  this  deponent  carried  again  anto  the 
said  Sir  Edward^  and  delivered  it  unto  hira  at  the  mill  near 
unto  the  Newtown,  and  upon  receipt  thereof  the  said  Sir 
Edward  acquainted  the  said  plaintiff,  Thomas  Powell,  with  the 
effect  of  the  same,  and  the  said  Sir  Edward  then  wished  the 
plaintiff  to  enter  upon  the  said  lands  and  to  look  thereunto 
and  to  make  his  best  thereof.  Rtch.  HsBfiEBT, 

Ja.  Price, 
Res  Mobts. 


NOTE 

BT   BICHABD   WILLIAMS. 

Among  the  muniments  preserved  at  Powis  Castle, 
and  which  some  years  ago  I  was,  through  the  kindness 
of  Thomas  Newul,  Esq.,  permitted  to  inspect,  is  an  old 
survey  of  Cedewain  made  in  1609,  which  I  hope  may 
some  day  appear  in  extenso.  in  the  Montgomeryshire 
Collections.     The  heading  is  as  follows  : — 

"  A  survey  of  the  Lo'pp  of  Kedewen,  in  the  county  of 
Montgomery,  sometime  parcell  of  the  possessions  of 

Earle  of  March.  Made  and  taken  there  in  May  1609, 
Anuoq'ue  D'ni  R's  Jacobi  Angliea,  etc.,  vii°.  By  Robert 
Fludde,  gent.,  by  vertue  of  his  Ma'ties  comission,  out  of  his 
Highnes  Co^tt  of  Excheq^r,  dated  xxiiiito  die  Aprilis.  A'o  pr*d 
to  him  directed,  viz't.  All  w^ch  Lo^pp,  togeather  with  the  free 
rents  and  all  other  proffits  and  comodityes  yearely  arising  and 
gi-owing  vnto  his  Ma'tie  within  the  said  Lo'pp,  were  graunted 
(amongst  other  things)  to  the  Lady  Marie  Herbert  in  lease  for 
divers  yeares,  w'ch  lease  (as  is  said)  hath  about  15  or  16 
yeares  yet  to  come.  And  are  now  in  the  tenure  and  occupa- 
tion of  the  severall  tenants  particularly  expressed  in  this 
survay  following,  togeather  with  the  titles  and  interests  they 
severally  clayme  in  the  premisses." 

Here  foUow  their  names  and  the  rents  paid  by  them 
to  the  Crown.  Among  them,  Edward  Price  and  others 
in  '*  the  Borough  of  Newtown''  are  entered. 

"For  three  parcells  of  land  belonging  to  the  said  towne, 
called  the  Fish  Poole^  for  w'ch  is  paid  to  the  Kings  Ma^tie 
per  annu'  iiii«.^' 

"Memorand'. — That  the   freehoulders  of  this  Lo^pp  hould 


80  BEANDER   MILL   AND   LANDS,  NEWTOWN. 

their  lands  in  free  soccage  by  fealty  salt  of  Court  Herriott  of 
vii«.  att  the  decease  of  every  freehoalder  dying  within  the  said 
Lo'pp,  and  the  like  for  alienation  and  by  paying  to  his  Ma'tie 
yearely  the«seyerall  somes  att  their  names  appearing/' 

Then  follow  the  ^'Demaines  in  Lease",  from  which  it 
appears  that  Sir  Richard  Price  paid  to  his  Majesty  "  for 
all  Beander  lands"  £50  135.  4a.  per  annum,  including 
"  One  water  come  mill  p'cell  of  the  said  demesnes, 
standing  vpon  the  River  Seaveme,  called  Beander  Mill, 
with  one  parcell  of  pasture  cont.  per  estim'n,  being  in 
the  tenure  of  William  Corne,  11  acr.  11  roods".  It  also 
states,  that  at  Newtown  there  were  three  fairs  yearly 
and  one  market  weekly ;  the  tolls  of  two  fairs  being 
held  by  Matthew  Price  for  his  life,  under  Letters  Patent 
granted  to  his  father,  May  4th,  38  Elizabeth,  for  which 
he  paid  to  the  king  135.  id.  per  annum ;  and  the  tolls 
of  the  other  fair,  and  of  the  weekly  market,  were  held 
by  Lady  Mary  Herbert,  for  which  she  paid  nothing. 
Jane  verch  Thomas  was  stated  to  hold  by  grant,  from 
the  Bailiffs  of  Newtown,  the  tolls  of  meal,  malt,  com, 
grain,  and  the  weight  of  wool,  for  which  she  paid 
£1  65.  8d.  per  annum.  William  Earl  of  Powis,  by 
Indenture  of  lease  of  1st  of  October  1675,  granted  to 
James  Baxter  the  old  market  house  with  the  tolls, 
and  three  parcels  of  arable  land  and  meadow  called 
Tyr-y-pishpull,  being  about  10  acres  in  Dyffryn  Llanfair 
and  Newtown,  for  ninety-nine  years  from  Michaelmas 
1675,  at  the  yearly  rent  of  £40,  and  65.  8c?.  heriot  at 
the  decease  of  every  principal  tenant.  See  this  more 
fully  set  forth  in  Mont.  Coll.,  xii,  p.  91. 

R.  W. 


81 


THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN. 

By  Rev.  J.  E.  VIZE,  M.A.,  F.R.M.S.,  Vicar  of  Forden. 


{Continued  from  Vol.  xvi,  page  208.) 


Biographical. 

Rev.  Pbter  Lloyd. — Through  the  kindness  of  Dr. 
Taylor,  Master  of  St.  John  s  Collep;e,  Cambridge,  the 
following  particulars  have  been  derived  from  the  matri- 
culation and  other  records  of  St.  John's.  Peter  Lloyd, 
of  the  county  of  Shropshire,  was  the  son  of  George 
Lloyd  of  Stockton,  in  the  parish  of  Chirbury.  He  was 
educated  at  Shrewsbury  school  under  Mr.  Andrew 
Taylor  as  head  master.  He  was  admitted  at  St. 
John's,  27th  of  June  1683,  at  the  age  of  seventeen, 
and  took  his  degree  of  B.A.  in  1686.  His  elder 
brother  Richard  was  also  educated  at  Shrewsbury, 
admitted  at  St.  John's,  24th  of  June  1676,  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  took  his  B.A.  degree  in  1679,  and  M.A. 
degree  in  1683.  According  to  Nichols'  Literary  Anec- 
dotes, vol.  iii,  p.  505,  "Richard  Lloyd,  of  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1679  ;  M.A.  1683;  was 
elected  head  master  of  Shrewsbury  school  in  1687, 
and  resigned  in  1723."  He  was  presented  to  the 
Rectory  of  Croft  cum  Yarpole  Vicarage,  Hereford- 
shire, by  Sir  Herbert  Croft,  Baronet,  of  Croft  Castle, 
and  died  at  Yarpole,  24th  of  July  1723.  His  tomb, 
surmounted  with  the  arms  of  his  family — Sable,  three 
nag's  heads  erased,  argent — is  still  to  be  seen  between 
the  church  and  detached  campanile,  or  bell-tower, 
at  Yarpole.  (See  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  vi,  p.  122.)  His 
portrait  is  now  at  Walcot,  Chirbury.  The  Rev.  W.  V. 
Lloyd,  rector  of  Haselbech,  Northampton,  a  descendant 
VOL.  xyii.  a 


82  THE   PARISH   OF   FORDEN. 

from  the  Rev.  Peter  Lloyd,  has  supplied  the  follow- 
ing memorials  of  Peter  Lloyd,  when  at  Shrewsbury 
school  in  1682,  and  an  undergraduate  at  Cambridge 
in  1686. 

*'  These  for  Mr.  George  Lloyd/  living  att  Stockton  in  Chir- 
bury  p'ish,  deliver. 

"  Hon'kd  Ffather", — I  hope  you  received  ye  45.  6  pence  I 
sent  you  by  Thomas  Ffoulk  for  ye  discharge  of  Thomas  Roger's 
bond.  I  pray,  tell  my  mother,  yt  my  hosen  are  mightily  de- 
cayed, and  that  if  she  cannot  easily  furnish  me  I  will  bye  me 
some  which  I  think  is  ye  best  way.     You  were  talking  about 

ye*  gun ;  if  you  will  send  it  I  will  see  for  some or 

bargaine. 

^'  I  pray  send  me  word  whether  my  sister  hath  my  common 
prayer  booke  or  not ;  and  faile  not  to  send  to  Cosen  Thomas 
Bray  [Dr.  Bray,  Founder  of  the  S.P.G.  in  F.  P'ts]  about  his 
coming  home,  and  either  send  me  word  or  els  my  Brother 
Richard ;  and  likewise  send  me  a  few  good  quills,  for  I  want 
some  very  mych,  and  send  ye  key  my  mother  knows  of. 

"  I  pray,  iff  possible,  let  me  have  a  note  about  these  things 
next  week.     I  shall  want  likewise  some  linnens. 

"  Thus  with  my  duty  to  yourselff,  my  mother,  and  grand- 
mother, and  to  my  brother  an  sister  (?). 

"  I  rest  your  dutifuU  sone, 

"  October  ye  27th  [16]  82.  Pbtee  Lloyd. 


,  »> 


"  Camb.,  June  ye  2d,  1686. 
"Honoub'd  Ffather, — Yours  dated  ye  26th  of  May,  I  received 
last  night  by  ye  carrier,  together  with  £63  10s.  As  concern- 
ing my  comeing  downe,  I  have  sent  you  this  lett'r  to  let  you 
know  how  ye  case  stands  with  me.  Grifl&ths  [the  Rev.  Mr. 
Griffiths,  afterwards  curate  of  Trelystan],  whom  I  thought 
would  have  brought  me  a  horse,  came  up  last  week,  but  re- 
turned again  after  S  days,  and  it  is  uncertaine  whether  he  will 
come  any  more  or  not,  however  not  before  9ber. 

»  As  "George  Lloyd  of  Stockton,  in  the  county  of  Salop,  gent.,**  he 
appears  as  trustee  to  the  marriage  settlement  of  his  niece,  Esther 
Bray  of  Marton,  and  Hugh  Davies  of  Dysserth,  9th  September  1689. 
The  original  is  now  (1883)  at  Dysserth.  On  the  death  of  his  mother, 
George  Lloyd  succeeded  to  the  Marton  property.  The  Rev.  Peter 
Lloyd,  sworn  an  hereditary  burgess  of  Welshpool  in  1708,  is  styled  on 
the  roll  "son  of  George  Lloyd  of  Marton". — Afont.  Coll.,  vol.  xii,  p. 
332. 


THE   PARISH   OF  FORD£N.  83 

''  My  tutor  was  pleasM  to  pat  me  in  his  place  where  I  am 
aUow'd  commons  and  bread  and  beere  as  much  as  I  please^  soe 
yt  if  I  come  downe  I  lose  this  place,  w'ch  if  Griffiths  comes 
not  up  I  can  keep  till  my  departure ;  but  if  he  comes  he  will 
not  come  until  ye  time  when  he  must  have  come  up  again,  soe 
yt  I  think  I  shall  be  more  chargeable  unto  you  by  comeing 
downe  than  staying  here,  for  if  I  come  home  I  must  pay  half 
tuition,  chamber-rent  and  detriments  which  will  amount  to 
allmost  as  much  as  if  I  stay. 

"  I  consulted  my  tutor  concerning  it  last  night,  who  advis'd 
me  to  remaine  in  Coll.  I  have  told  you  ye  whole  matter  and 
desire  you  to  judg  of  it  and  send  me  speedy  notice,  and  what 
you  resolve  upon  I  will  doe. 

"  Mr.  Judd  stands  upon  1 5li,  for  a  horse,  which  I  am  un- 
willing to  give ;  besides  ye  weather  is  very  uncertaine.  I  am 
but  very  badly  accouter'd  for  soe  long  a  journey. 

"  I  sent  a  little  box,  with  my  brother  s  [Rev.  Richard  Lloyd] 
testimonialls  directed  to  you,  but  I  have  not  heard  a  word  of 
ye  receipt  of  it,  and  my  brother  hath  wrote  to  me  lately  con- 
cerning it ;  pray  therefore  in  yo'r  next  send  me  word  whether 
you  receiv'a  them  or  not.  hoe  more  att  present  from  your 
ever  dutifuU  sonne.  "  Petbb  Lloyd." 


Enclosure,  same  date. 
"  LoviNO  MoTHJBB, — I  fuUy  desighn'd  to  see  you  this 
summer,  but  I  finde  now  it  will  be  inconvenient  both  for  you 
as  my  self,  for  we  performe  all  publiqe  exercise  for  our  degrees 
betwixt  this  time  and  Michaelmas;  however,  let  what  will 
happen,  if  you  desire  it  I  will  come.  My  deaths  are  in- 
different ;  my  shirts  and  stockings  are  wome  thin,  and  I  must 
trouble  you  once  more  for  a  supply,  which  I  hope  will  be  ye 
last  time.     Thus,  wishing  us  a  joyfuU  meeting, 

"  I  rest  yo^r  dutifuU  sonne, 

''Petbb  Lloyd." 

The  following,  without  date,  is  from  the  Rev.  Richard 
Lloyd,  rector  of  Croft-cum-Yarpole,  to  his  sister. 

"  Pfor  Mrs.  Mary  Lloyd  in  Tarpol. 
*'  DsAB  SiSTBB, — I  thank  God  I  came  safe  to  Bath  and  in  ye 
company  of  Sir  Herbert  [Croft  of  Croft  Castle]  and  my  Lady, 
who  bore  my  charges,  the'  against  my  will,  and  urg'd  me  to 
dine  with  ym  as  long  as  I  staid  in  town,  for  which  I  must 
acknowledge  my  self  much  obliged ;  do  not  look  for  me  before 

g2 


84  THE   PARISH   OF    PORDEN. 

Saturday  sy'night.     I  do  depend  on  good  come  back  again, 
which  I  reckon  a  great  providence. 

^' A  calves*  head  and  bacon,  and  a  leg  or  shoulder  or  breast 
of  good  mutton  would  be  good  fare  for  ye  strangers  ;  but  do 
as  you  think  fit.  My  service  to  Mr.  Powell,  Mr.  Brown  and 
his,  Mr.  Nash  and  his  family,  Mi*.  Lewis,  and  all  neighbours 
from  Yo'r  loving  brother, 

^'R  Ll(otd).'' 

"Sir  Herbert'*  was  the  son  of  Dr.  Herbert  Croft, 
Bishop  of  Hereford,  and  was  created  a  baronet  in 
1672.  "  My  Lady"  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Archer, 
of  Umbersdale,  Warwickshire,  and  annt  of  the  first 
Lord  Archer.  The  family  tradition  is  that  the  Rev. 
Richard  Lloyd  was  a  non-juror,  and  received  considera- 
tion and  protection  from  impending  troubles  from  the 
Croft  Castle  family. 

Rev.  Edward  Jones,  D.D.,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  was 
bom  at  Llwynririd  in  this  parish.  We  refer  to  a  bio- 
graphical sketch  which  appeared  in  the  Montgomery- 
shire Collections^  vol.  xi,  p.  251. 

FoRDEN  Families  and  Landowners. 

The  greater  part,  if  not  the  whole,  of  the  lands  in  the 
parish  of  Forden,  formed  part  of  the  Walchemay  of  the 
ancient  Barony  of  Cans,  and  were  held  by  knight's  or 
military  service,  under  the  Corbets  of  Caus  Castle.  On 
the  death  of  the  last  baron,  Peter  Corbet,  the  descendants 
of  his  aunts  succeeded  to  their  several  portions.  Ralph, 
Earl  of  Stafford,  inherited  two  of  these  portions,  and  by 
purchase  or  otherwise  secured  the  others,  so  that  the 
earliest  landed  gentry  of  the  parish,  of  whom  we  have 
any  record,  will  appear  as  military  retainers  or  feoffees 
of  the  Staffords,  barons  of  Caus  Castle. 

In  the  reigns  of  EUzabeth  and  James  I,  bur  local 
herald  Lewys  Dwnn  refers  to  individuals  then,  and 
formerly,  connected  by  name  or  interest  with  the  parish, 
and  has  entered  the  pedigrees  of  several  Forden 
families  in  his  Visitation  of  Montgomeryshire.  After 
his  time,  the  Cedmyn  MS.  (a.d.  1633)  and  the  parish 
registers  confirm,  as  well  as  supplement,  the  family 
deticents  he  has  there  recorded. 


THE   PARISH   OF   FORDEN.  85 

GriflSn  de  Fordyn  was  steward  of  the  manors  of 
Over  and  Nether  Gorther  to  Ralph,  Earl  of  Stafford 
(06.  46  Edward  III,  1372).  Lewys  Dwnn,^  mentions 
"  Griffith  Ffortyn"  as  having  married  Mawd,  the  Earls 
daughter.  It  was  not  unusual  for  the  great  barons  to 
secure  the  zeal  and  devotion  of  their  responsible  and 
trusted  retainers  by  such  an  alliance.  Griffin  de  Forden 
belonged  to  a  family  of  some  local  influence  and  of 
ancient  descent.  He  was  in  the  seventh  generation 
from  Sir  Robert  ap  Madoc,  who  died  in  1224,  Lord  of 
Middleton  and  Brompton  in  the  reigns  of  John  and 
Henry  III.^  His  grand-daughter  married  Richard  ap 
Edward,  of  the  old  BrochweUian  family  of  Vaynor. 

On  July  8th,  1389,  Griffin,  son  of  Griffin  de  Fordyn, 
was  presented  to  the  rectory  of  Lydham,  by  his  first 
cousin  John  de  Charlton,  Lord  of  Powys,  and  on  the 
22nd  of  December  1391,  exchanged  preferments  with 
Sir  Roger  Bromelowe,  late  rector  of  Machynlleth.' 

Having,  as  a  local  chieftain,  the  affection  and  allegi- 
ance of  the  rent-paying  tenants.  Griffin  de  Forden  was 
doubtless  found  a  convenient  medium  of  communication 
between  them  and  his  father-in-law  the  baron  of  Caus. 
The  manor  of  Over  Gorther,  part  of  the  stewardship  of 
Griffin  de  Forden,  comprised,  among  others,  the  follow- 
ing townships  in  the  parish  of  Forden,  Wropton,  or 
Nantcribba,  Hem,  Munlyn,Edderton,  Thornbury,  Wood- 
leston,  and  Forden. 

Nantcribba. — A  charter*  of  Humphrey  Stafford, 
sixth  Earl  of  Stafford,  first  Duke  of  Buckingham,  and 
Baron  of  Caus,  dated  from  the  castle  of  Caus,  9th  of 
February,  24  Henry  VI,  1446,  grants  to  his  dearly 
beloved  tenant  and  servant,  Meredith  ap  Cadwaladr 
ap  Owen  and  Gwenhoyvar  his  wife,  and  their  heirs 
male  sxid/emale,  for  ever,  for  their  good  services,  all 
the  lands  fallen  to  the  said  Humphrey,  Duke  of  Buck- 

^   VisitcUions,  vol,  i,  p.  285.  ^  JldorU,  ColL,  vol.  xiv,  p.  111. 

3  Mont,  ColL,  vol.  xiv,  p.  124. 

*  lb.,  vol.  vi,  p.   100,  n.   3,  "Carta  Meredith  ap  Cadwalader  ap 
Owen." 


86  THE   PARISH   OF  FORDEN. 

ingham,  by  escheat  or  otherwise,  in  his  lordship  of 
Nether  Gorther  and  the  vill  of  Wrobbeton,  or  Nant- 
cribba,  in  the  lordship  of  Over  Gorther. 

Meredith  ap  Cadwalader  ap  Owen  was  lineally 
descended  from  Brochwel,  Prince  of  Powys,  and  os  a 
local  chieftain  doubtless  served  the  duke  in  his  barony 
and  manors  of  Over  and  Nether  Gorther  in  the  same 
capacity  as  Griffin  de  Fordyn  had  served  his  great- 
grandfather, Earl  Balph.  Meredith  and  his  wife  Gwen- 
hwyvar  left  an  only  daughter  and  heiress,  Lucy,  who 
married  another  feoffee  of  the  barony  of  Cans,  David 
Lloyd  of  Leighton,  and  jure  uxoris  of  Nantcribba. 
They  had  issue,  David  Lloyd  Vaughan  of  Marrington 
and  Nantcribba,  whose  third  son,  Robert  Lloyd  of 
Welshpool,  and  his  descendants,  carried  on  the  line  of 
Nantcribba,  which  estate  remained  in  the  family  for 
over  two  centuries.  It  wa»  in  their  possession  when 
Lewys  Dwnn  made  his  visitation  of  the  county,  and 
recorded  the  following  pedigree  of  the  family. 

Welch  Poole  and  Nant  Crib  a,  temp.  Hen.  V:^ — 

Sir  Griffith  Vaugban,  Ent.,  son  of  Griffith  ap=T=Margaret,  veroh  Griffith  ap 
Evan  ap  Madock  ap  Gwenwys.  |  JenJbiin  of  Mochdre,  co-heir. 

David  Lloyd.  ^Lneai,  heiress  to  Meredith  ap  Cadwalader. 

David  Lloyd  Vaaghan.=j=Margaret»  d.  and  heiress  to  John  Midleton  of  Havod- 
I wen. 

Jane«  verch  John  Conway  ap=T=RoDert.==Margaret,  d.  and  heiress  of  Reinallt 
John  Conway  (2nd  wife).     |  j  ap  David. 

Oliver  Rondle  Reynold  Ales.  Roger=j=£lizabeth,  verch  Evan  ap  Owen 
Lloyd.     Lloyd.      Lloyd.      Ann.    Lloyd,      and  her  mother^  Margaret,  verch 

Hnmphrey    Kynaston,    ap    Sir 
I    Roger  Eynaston,  Knt. 


llicnard=f=Mary,  veroh  Edw.    Jane.    Oliver  Lloyd.=T=Iowan,  verch  Roger  Jones 
Lloyd.   I         Barton.  |       ap  John  ap  Hngh. 

1  I  I 

Theophilus  Lloyd.  =f=  Charles  Lloyd.  Rose. 

Charles  Lloyd.=f= 

Elizabeth.  « 

1  I,e.y  that  Sir  GriflBth  Vaughan,  the  head  of  the  family,  was 
living  in  the  time  of  Henry  V.  —  VMations^  voL  i,  p.  276. 


THE   PAKISH   OF   FORDEN.  87 

Robert  Uoyd  paid  a  relief  of  JB23  to  his  lord,  Henry 
Lord  Stafford,  Baron  of  Caus,  who  by  charter,^  bearing^ 
date  from  Caus  Castle,  8th  of  June,  35  Henry  VIII, 
1543,  confirmed  to  him  Nantcribba,  and  other  lands 
in  the  manors  of  Over  and  Nether  Gorther,  as  granted 
by  charter  to  his  great  grandfather  Meredith  ap  Cad- 
walader,  by  Humphrey  Stafford,  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham. 

"  Roger  Lloyd  de  Wropton,  genos.,'"  his  son,  was  on 
the  county  grand  jury,  2  and  3  Elizabeth,  1560-61.  His 
son,  **  Richard  Lloyd  de  Wropton,  genos.,"  was  on  the 
grand  jury,  13  Elizabeth,  1571. 

The  will  of  "Elizabeth  Lloyd  of  Nantcribba"  bears 
date  19th  April  1663,  wherein  mention  is  made  of 
"  Mr.  John  Purcell'',  son  of  "  Edward  Purcell  of  Wrop- 
ton", who  was  sheriff  in  1635. 

The  Purcell  family  eventually  became  possessed  of 
Nantcribba,  as  '*  Henry  Purcell  of  Nantcribba,  Esq.,"  in 
1666  was  an  assignee  of  the  tithes  of  Forden  parish 
from  "  Richard  Pryce  of  Gunley,  Esq.''  In  January 
1666-67,  Henry  Purcell,  Esq.,  was  buried  at' Forden. 

In  the  absence  of  records  it  is  presumed  that  Henry 
Purcell  left  two  or  more  daughters  co-heiresses ;  that 
"Catherine  Purcell,  spinster",  who  we  shall  see,  sold  the 
manor  of  Over  Gorther,  and  considerable  Forden  pro- 
perty, to  George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  was  one ;  and 
that  Anne,  the  wife  of  Arthur  Devereux,  third  son  of 
George  Devereux,  was  another. 

In  the  will  of  George  Devereux,  bearing  date  19th 
of  August  1682,  a  deed  is  quoted  dated  the  20th  of 
July  1682,  wherein  Arthur  Devereux,  and  Anne  his 
wife,  settled  Nantcribba  on  the  heirs  of  his  wife's  body 
begotten  by  him,  then  to  his  heirs  by  them,  then  to 
the  use  of  persons  named  in  the  will  of  George  De- 
vereux. 

Arthur  Devereux  of  Nantcribba,  by  will  bearing 
date  15th  of  August  1709,  left  Nantcribba  to  his 
nephew  Arthur,  the  father  of  Edward,  eleventh  Viscount 
Hereford. 

1  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  vi,  p.  108. 


88  THE   PARISH  OF   FORDEN. 

For  a  particular  account  of  the  Purcell  family  the 
reader  is  referred  to  the  "  Sheriffs  of  Montgomeryshire", 
under  Nicholas  Purcell,^  A. D.  1553,  Thomas  Purcell,' 
A.D.  1597,  and  Edward  Purcell  a.d.  1625.*  Richard 
Purcell,  son  of  Nicholas  Purcell,  the  sheriff  of  1563, 
bought,  about  the  year  1575,  the  manors  of  Over 
Gorther  and  Tyrtref  Issa  from  the  Staffords,  and  the 
manorial  rights  remained  in  the  family  until  sold  to 
George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  about  the  year  1680,  by 
"  Catherine  Purcell,  spinster". 

Extracts  from  For  den  Register. 

.1666.  Henry  Purcell,  Esq.,*  buried  in  January. 
1681.  George,  the  son  of  Arthur  Devereux,  Esq.,  and  Anne 
his  wife,  was  baptised  the  22nd  day  of  April 

1684.  Price,*  the  son  of  Essex  Devereux,  gent.,  and  Anne 
his  wife,  who  was  baptised  the  26th  day  of  September. 

1702.  Anna^  uxor  Arthur  Devereux/  generosum  sepult. 
ultimo  die  Augusti. 

1703.  Arthurus  filius  Arthuri  Devereux  jun'r^  gent.,  et 
Bridgettas^  uxor,  baptizatus  fuit  vicesimo  octavo  die  Mali. 

1704.  Vajighan  fil.  Arthuri  Devereux,  gen.,  et  Bridgettse 
uxor,  bapt.  25to  Septemb. 

1705.  Maria*  filia  Arthuri  Devereux,  gen.,  et  Bridgettae 
uxor,  bapt  2do  die  Novemb. 

1709.  Johanes  Gardiner  et  Maria  Devereux  mattrimonio 
conjuncti  fuere  lOmo  die  Julij. 

1709.  Arthurus  Devereux  Armiger  sepultus  fuit  tricesimo 
die  Augusti. 

1710.  Edwardus^®  filius  Arthuri  Devereux  generosi  et  Eliz. 
uxoris,  baptiz.  12 mo  Augusti. 

1  Mmt,  Golly  vol.  ii,  p.  421.  «  76.,  vol.  v,  p.  454. 

3  76.,  vol.  ix,  p.  70.  *  Of  Nantcribba. 

^  Father  of  George  Devereux  of  Tregoyd,  whose  daughter  and 
.  heiress,  Marianne,  married  George,  thirteenth  Ylscount  Hereford. 

«  Of  Nantcribba. 

7  Was  of  Lower  Munlyn.  Of  Nantcribba,  after  his  uncle  Arthur's 
death. 

*  His  first  wife,  daughter  of  Evan  Glynne  of  Glynne,  sheriff  in 
1675.     She  was  buried  at  Berriew,  5th  April,  1707. 

•  She  married  John  Meredith  of  Great  Hem  and  Munlin. 

10  He  succeeded  as  eleventh  Viscount.  His  mother,  Elizabeth,  was 
a  second  wife,  and  the  daughter  of  Richard  Glynne  of  Maesmawr, 
Sheriff  in  1689. 


THE   PARISH  OF   PORDEN,  89 

1711.  Arthoras  Devereux  Armiger,  sepaltas  fuit  17mo  die 
Janii. 

1711.  Yaughanas  fil.  Arthori  Devereux,  sepult.  fait  vicesimo 
octavo  die  Aprilis. 

1734  Mary,  the  wife  of  Arthur  Deverenx,  Esq.,  was  buried 
30th  day  of  May. 

1737-8.  Arthur  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Nantoribba,  was  buried 
the  24th  day  of  January. 

1739.  Bridget,  the  daughter  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of 
Kantcribba,  and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  baptised  the  26th  day 
of  May. 

1740.  Arthur,  the  son  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Nant- 
oribba, and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  privately  baptised  the  30th 
day  of  March,  and  publickly  baptised  the  21st  of  April. 

1740.  Arthur,  the  son  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Nant- 
oribba, and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  buried  the  17th  day  of 
July. 

1740-1.  Edward,  the  son  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of 
Nantcribba,  and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  baptised  the  27th  day 
of  February. 

1741-2.  Arthur,  the  son  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of 
Nantcribba,  and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  baptised  the  14th 
day  of  February. 

1742.  Catherine,  the  daughter  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of 
Nantcribba,  and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  baptised  the  21st  day 
of  February. 

1743.  Arthur,  the  son  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  of  Nant- 
cribba, and  Catherine  his  wife,  was  buried  the  18th  day  of 
September. 

1744.  George,  the  son  of  Edward  Devereux,  Esq.,  and 
Catherine  his  wife,  was  baptised  the  12th  day  of  May. 

1747.  Catherine  Devereux,  wife  to  Edward  Devereux,  Esq., 
was  buried  January  ye  28th. 

1760.  Price  Jones,  Esq.,  of  the  parish  of  Pool,  and  the  Hon. 
Bridget  Devereux  of  the  parish  of  Forden,  married  the  21st 
day  of  November. 

1760;  Edward,  Lord  Viscount  Hereford,  was  buried  the 
24th  day  of  August. 

1801.  The  marriage  between  James  Cockbum,  bachelor,  of 
Wellingdon,  in  the  County  of  Middlesex,  and  the  Hon. 
Marianna  Devereux,  spinster,  of  Forden,  was  solemnised  the 
14th  day  of  October. 

1809.  Christened  December  4,  Charlotte,  daughter  of  John 
Davies,  Esq.,  of  Nantcribba  Hall,  and  Charlotte  his  wife.  She 
was  born  in  Upper  Berkeley  Street,  London. 


90  THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEK. 

1821.  Baptised  March  15,  John,  son  of  the  above  parents. 
1785.  Charles  Montolieu,  son  of  James  Bland  Barges,  Esq., 
and  Ann  his  wife,  was  baptised  8th  August. 

1788.  Osborne,  son  of  James  Bland  Burgess,  Esq.,  M.P.,  of 
Nantcribba,  and  Ann  his  wife,  was  baptised  January  28th. 
This  child  was  buried  1st  July  1798. 

1789.  Emilia  Charlotte,  daughter  of  James  Bland  Burges, 
Esq.,  of  Nantcribba,  and  Ann  his  wife,  was  christened. 

1793.  Octavia,  daughter  of  James  Phelp,  Esq.,  and  Eleanor 
his  wife,  of  Nantcribba,  baptised. 

The  estate  of  Nantcribba  was  purchased  in  the  year 
1863,  from  the  Viscount  Hereford,  by  John  Naylor, 
Esq.,  of  Leighton  Hall,  who  is  the  present  owner. 

Great  and  Little  Hem. — The  earUest  possessors 
of  Great  Hem  mentioned  were  also  feoffees  of  the 
Staffords,  and  descended  from  a  seneschal  of  Cans 
Castle. 

Francis  Lloyd,  on  a  grand  jury  33  Henry  VIII,  was 
of  Great  Hem,  and  the  third  son  of  Humphrey  Lloyd 
of  Leighton,  first  sheriff  of  the  county,  and  chief 
steward  of  the  barony  of  Cans  to  Henry  Lord  Stafford 
in  1554.  His  ancestor,  Griflfith  ap  leuan,  had  pre- 
viously held  the  Castle  of  Caus  during  the  wars  of  the 
Roses,  under  Edmund,  Earl  of  Stafford,  who  was  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Shrewsbury. 

The  possessor  of  Great  Hem  in  Lewys  Dwnn  s  time 
was  Charles  Lloyd,  whose  pedigree  is  thus  recorded  in 
his  visitation.^ 

The  Great  Haim  in  Fordyn. 

Sir  Griffith  Vaughan,  Knt.=f=Margaret,  yerch  Griffith  ap  Jenkin  of  Biooghton. 

Liwsi,  verch  Meredith  ap=David  Llo7d.=^Eleii,  verch  Jenkin  Eynaaton. 
Cadw'r  ap  Owen.  I 

i 

Humphrey  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Llai  or  Leighton.=FGwen]lian,  verch  Thomas  Prya 
^1  of  Newtown,  Esq. 


Lewys  Dwnn's  Vis,,  vol.  i,  p.  289. 


THE   PARISH   OF   FORDEN.  91 

FrancJB  Lloyd  of  Great  Haim.=f  ...^  Terch^  Meredith  ap  Rees  Darid  Lloyd. 
Humphrey  Lloyd  of  Great  Haiin,  E8q.=f 
Charles  Lloyd  of  Great  Haim,  Esq. 

The  Cedwyn  MS.^  supplies  another  generation,  that 
of  "Benet  Lloyd,  gent.,  of  Great  Hem,  in  Forden", 
with  many  particulars,  which  the  Forden  Registers 
verify  and  supplement,  down  to  the  year  1 725. 

'*  Humftidus  Lloyd  de  Hem,  gen.,"  occurs  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  grand  jury  of  the  county,  21-2  Eliz.,  and 
as  foreman  of  the  grand  jury,  36th  Eliz.  To  make  a 
deposition  before  Matthew  Herbert,  Esq.,  J. P.,  of 
"Dolgioge'',  27th  September,  37th  Eliz.,  1595. 

"Ven'unt  Humfridus  Lloyd  de  Hem  Magna  in  Com. 
p'd  gen'os,  et  Oliverus  Lloyd  Vaughan  de  Pola,  in 
Com.  p'd  gen'os/'^ 

This  Humphrey  was  the  father  of  Charles  Lloyd 
above,  and  of  a  large  family,  the  issue  of  his  wife 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Richard  Owen,  Alderman  of 
Salop,  and  descended  from  Brochwel,  Prince  of  Powys. 
Elizabeth  Lloyd  was  buried  at  Forden  22nd  August 
1623,  and  her  husband  on  the  16th  September  1623. 
They  had  five  sons  and  one  daughter. 

L  Edward  Lloyd,  styled  of  Forden,  7  James  I,  in 
which  year  he  made  a  deposition  before  his  kinsman, 
Charles  Lloyd  of  Leighton.  He  was  buried  at  Forden 
24th  December  1623.  By  Anne,  daughter  of  David 
ap  Howell  Vaughan  (buried  20th  March  1625),  he 
had : — 

1.  Richard  Lloyd,  bapt.  20th  September  1601,  who 
by  his  wife  Elizabeth  nad  Richard,  bapt.  27th  April 
1650. 

2.  Broughwel  Lloyd,  bapt.  3rd  May  1603. 

^  Her  name  was  Janet,  and  her  mother  was  Agnes,  daughter  and 
heiress  of  Meredith  ap  Adda  Moel,  who  had  a  grant  of  Aberhayesp 
and  other  lands  from  Sir  Edmund  de  Mortimer,  Ist  June,  3  Hen.  V, 
UU,—M(mt.  CoU.y  vol.  x,  p.  59. 

2  /&.,  voL  viii,  p.  400.  »  /6.,  vol.  xi,  p.  269. 


92  THE   PARISH   OF  FORDEN. 

3.  Humphrey  Lloyd,  bapt.  10th  May  1605. 

I.  Rosa  Lloyd,  bapt.  18th  October  1607. 

II.  William  Lloyd,  buried  30th  April  1656,  had:— 
1 .  "  Thomas  Lloyd  of  Kilkewydd,  gen.'',  on  a  county 

grand  jury  in  1664.  Baptised  9th  June  1611.  He 
married  first,  8th  April  1620,  Elizabeth,  daughter  pro- 
bably of  Thomas  Edwards  of  Kilkewydd,  on  county 
grand  juries  in  1637-48,  by  whom  he  had  a  son  Wil- 
liam. She  was  buried  26th  September  1620.  He 
married  secondly,  Jane,  buried  18th  October  1686,  by 
whom  he  had: — 1.  Richard  Lloyd,  baptised  19th 
January  1639.  He  seems  to  have  died  without  issue, 
and  although  his  burial  is  recorded  on  the  Forden 
Register  on  the  14th  October  1683,  his  tomb  is  in 
Chirbury  Church,  the  inscription  there  giving  his  age 
44,  and  12th  October  1683  as  the  date  of  his  death. 
2.  Thomas  Lloyd,  baptised  in  1644.  3.  William  Lloyd, 
of  whom  presently.  1.  Jane  Lloyd,  baptised  14th 
October  1648,  and  married  at  Forden  19th  November 
1670,  to  Andrew  Atcherley  of  Kilkewydd,  ancestor  of 
the  Atcherleys  of  Marton,  in  the  parish  of  Middle 
Salop.  Their  son,  Andrew  Atcherley  of  Kilkewydd, 
was  living  in  1720.  2.  Anne  Lloyd,  baptised  in  1659. 
William  Lloyd,  the  third  son,  styled  in  1686  *'of 
Fforden,gent.'V8old  certain  meadows  in  the  township  "of 
Ackley  to  Mr.  Richard  Pryce  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  formerly 
the  inheritance  of  his  uncle,  Richard  Price,  Esq.,  of 
Gunley''.  The  deed  had  a  good  seal  of  the  Lloyd 
arms,  three  nag's  heads  erased.  He  married  at  Forden 
Elizabeth  Coles,  26th  September  1673,  and  had  seven 
sons  and  one  daughter,  baptised  at  Forden.  1.  Ffrancis 
Lloyd,  15th  April  1676.  2.  Richard  Lloyd,  on  5th 
January  1677.  3.  William  Lloyd,  on  12th  November 
1681.  He  was  a  deponent  at  a  trial  between  Maria, 
widow  of  Richard  Jones  of  Llwyn  Ririd,  and  Edmund 
Pryce  of  Guuley,  in  1 725.  By  his  wife  Sarah  he  had 
George  Lloyd,  baptised  at  Forden  in  1691(?).  William 
Lloyd,  a  deponent  in  1725  with  his  father,   Edward 

^  See  his  deposition. — Mont,  Coll,^  vol.  xii,  p.  252. 


■THE   PARISH    OF   FORDEN.  93 

Lloyd,  baptised  in  1706,  and  Anna  Lloyd,  baptised  in 
1704.  4.  Thomas  Lloyd,  baptised  in  1683.  There 
was  a  Thomias  Lloyd  and  Catherine  Matthews  married 
at  Forden  in  1715.  5.  Charies  Lloyd,  baptised  8th 
February  1686.  6.  Abraham  Lloyd,  baptised  8th 
February  1686.  7.  John  Lloyd,  baptised  8th  February 
1686.     8.  Elizabeth  Lloyd,  baptised  21st  April  1685. 

m.  "Randulphus  Lloyd  de  Greate  Heme,  genos", 
occurs  in  the  Minister's  Accounts,  14  James  I,  1616,^ 
with  his  father,  "  Humfrid  Lloyd  de  Greate  Heme, 
gen'os." 

IV.  Francis  Lloyd. 

V.  Charles  Lloyd,  youngest  son,  succeeded,  accord- 
ing to  Welsh  custom,  to  the  Great  Hem.  He  married 
three  wives.  His  first  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Arthur  Crowther,  by  whom  he  had  Benet  Lloyd,  of 
whom  prei^ently.  His  second  wife  was  Mary,  eldest 
daughter  of  Oliver  Lloyd  of  Leighton,  son  of  Hum- 
phrey, the  first  sheriff,  by  whom  he  had  Oliver  and 
Hannah,  who  both  died  young.  His  third  wife  was 
Joyce,  daughter  of  John  Pryce  of  Newtown.  She  was 
buried  at  Forden  25th  June  1655,  by  whom  he  had 
three  daughters,  all  baptised  at  Forden,  viz.,  Penelope, 
Elizabeth,  and  Mary.  Benet  or  Benedict  Lloyd  of 
Great  Hem,  his  son  by  Elizabeth  Crowther,  and  the 
last  generation  mentioned  in  the  Cedwyn  MS,  (1633), 
married  10th  February  1622,  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of 
James  Matthews,  gent.,  by  Joyce,  daughter  of  John 
Pryce  of  Newtown,  sheriff  in  1566,  and  his  fathers 
third  wife.  By  his  wife  Anne,  who  was  buried  at 
Forden  21st  May  1636,  he  had  two  sons  and  one 
daughter. 

1.  Charles,  baptised  10th  July  1626,  buried  29th 
August  1631. 

2.  Humphrey  Lloyd,  baptised  21st  August  1631, 
who,  according  to  the  following,  seems  to  have  sold  the 
estate.     "  A  writ  of  covenant  between  Humph.  Lloyd, 

^  Mont  Coll.,  vol.  vi,  p.  266. 


94  THE   PARISH  OF   PORDBN. 

gen.,  and  John  Matthews,  Esq.,  concerning  2  mess.,  2 
cottages,  1  garden,  1  orchard,  60  acres  of  land,  40  of 
meadow,  80  of  pasture,  40  of  wood,  50  of  heath  and 
brushwood  on  Great  Hem  and  Little  Hem."  The  above 
appears  on  the  file  of  "Matt.  Pryce,  Bart.,  Sheriflfe", 
12  Charles  II,  22nd  September  1660. 

1.  Margaret,  baptised  9th  March  1633. 

The  Whittingham  family  had  an  early  connection 
with  Forden,  and  probably,  through  intermarriage  with 
one  of  the  Lloyds  of  Great  and  Little  Hem,  obtained 
a  domicile  in  the  latter.  We  find  **Georgius  Whit- 
tingham de  Forden,  gen.",  on  a  county  grand  jury  in 
the  44th  Eliz.  He  was  probably  of  the  Whittinghams 
of  Court  Caldemore,  near  Montgomery.  Edward 
Whittingham,  father  of  William  Whittingham  of 
Court  Caldemore,  called  a  member  of  the  Inner  Temple 
in  1627,  was  probably  a  brother  of  George.  The  latter 
is  probably  the  George  Whittingham  who  was  married 
at  Forden  18th  February  1601,  to  **  Catherine  Lloyde''. 
"Johes  Whittingham  de  Little  Hemme,  ar.",  was  a 
juror  10th  October  1661,  steward  to  Edward  Purcell 
for  his  manor  of  Over  Gorther  in  1648,  and  on  the  roll 
of  county  magistrates  14  and  16  Charles  II. 

10th  September  1636,  is  the  date  of  a  marriage  set- 
tlement of  John  Whittingham  and  Mary  PurceU.^ 

The  name  of  Whittingham  occurs  several  times  after 
this,  during  the  remainder  of  the  century.  Consider- 
ing the  number  of  times  there  were  births  in  the 
family,  it  is  a  wonder  that  there  is  not  a  remnant  of 
the  name  in  the  parish,  but  it  is  obsolete. 

This  Kilkewydd  family  must  not  be  confounded  with 
another  man  named  Whittingham,  who  was  such  a 
universal  witness  to  the  marriages  in  Forden  Church, 
that  the  rational  inference  to  be  drawn  is,  that  he 
acted  as  parish  clerk. 


*  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  xi,  p.  307. 


THE   PARTSH   OF   1X)RDEN.  95 

Extracts  from  For  den  Renter, 

1601.  George  Whittingham  married  Catherine  Lloyde,  18th 
February. 

1601.  Charies  Lloyde  married  Catherine  Whittingham,  18th 
February. 

1602.  Thomas  Edwards  married  Elizabeth  Whittingham  in 
October. 

1602.  William  Whittingham  married  Margaret  Edwards  in 
October. 

1732.  John  Gayman  married  Maria  Whittingham. 

1736.  Edward,  the  son  of  William  Whittingham  and  Mary 
his  wife,  was  buried. 

1747.  William  Whittingham  was  buried  in  November. 

1753.  Ann,  the  daughter  of  William  and  Elizabeth  Whit- 
tingham, was  baptised. 

1757.  Elizabeth  Whittingham  was  buried  in  June. 

1766.  Elizabeth,  the  widow  of  William  Whittingham,  was 
buried  3rd  of  June. 

1783.  John  Whittingham  (Kilkewydd)  was  buried. 

1798.  Thomas,  son  of  John  and  Catherine  Whittingham, 
was  buried. 

Shortly  after  Humphrey,  the  last  Lloyd  of  Great 
Hem,  had  sold  the  estate,  we  find  it  in  the  occupation 
of  the  Meredith  family.  John  Meredith  of  Great 
Hem  had  a  son  John,  also  of  Great  Hem,  baptised  at 
Forden  in  December  1670,  and  a  daughter  Margaret, 
baptised  at  Forden  24th  July  1666,  who  married  at 
Forden,  in  1699,  the  Rev.  Peter  Lloyd,  incumbent  of 
the  parish,  and  a  kinsman  of  the  Lloyds  of  Great 
Hem. 

Upper  aijd  Lower  Munlyn. — It  has  been  remarked 
that  Richard,  the  eldest  son  of  Nicholas  Purcell,  sherilff 
in  1553,  purchased  about  the  year  1574  the  manorial 
rights  of  Over  Gorther  and  Tyrtreff-Issa  from  Edward 
Lord  Stafford.  It  is  likely  that  at  the  same  time  he 
acquired  the  fee  simple  of  considerable  landed  property 
in  these  lordships.  Locally,  the  family  were  becoming 
of  importance  in  the  neighbourhood.  Thomas,  second 
son  of  Nicholas,  had  already  married  Anne,  the 
daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Richard  ap  Edward  of 
Vaynor,   with  whom    he    had    one    of  the   Vaynors. 


96  THE    PARISH   OP    PORDEN. 

'*  Owinus  Purcell  de  Forden,  gen.",  occurs  in  1602,  and 
as  "Owinus  Purcell  de  Monlyn,  gen.",  at  the  county 
assizes  of  James  I,  1611.  He,  also,  was  a  son  of 
Nicholas,  the  sheriff,  by  a  second  wife,  Gwen,  daughter 
of  Morris  ap  Gwillim  ap  Griffith  Derwas.  Nicholas 
Purcell,  son  (he  had  a  son  of  this  name)  or  grandson 
of  Owen,  was  chief  constable  of  Munlyn  in  1664.  In 
the  will  of  George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  dated  3rd 
August  1682,  it  is  stated  that  he  purchased  Lower 
Munlyn,  late  in  the  occupation  of  Nicholas  Purcell ; 
and  in  a  d^ed  quoted  therein,  Nicholas  Purcell  was 
living  there  on  the  20th  July  of  the  same  year. 

Upper  and  Lower  Munlyn  were  among  the  lands 
purcnased  by  George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  from  Cathe- 
rine Purcell.  Vaughan  Devereux  and  his  son  Arthur, 
eventually  of  Nantcribba,  had  Lower  Munlyn.  Upper 
Munlyn,  as  well  as  Lower  Munlyn,  appear  to  have 
been  for  a  time  in  the  possession  of  Essex  Devereux, 
fourth  son  of  George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  and  ancestor 
of  the  Devereux  of  Tregoyd,  Brecon. 

Arthur  Devereux,  junior,  son  of  Vaughan  Devereux, 
styled  "junior"  in  the  parish  register  and  elsewhere, 
to  distinguish  him  from  his  uncle  Arthur,  third  son  of 
George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  who  left  him  Nantcribba, 
succeeded  by  his  grandfather  s  will  to  Lower  Munlyn 
and  Gaire  Mills.  This  Arthur  Devereux,  junior,  of 
Nantcribba,  was  twice  married.  By  his  first  wife, 
Bridget,  daughter  of  Evan  Glynne  of  Glynne,  he  had 
Arthur  and  Vaughan,  who  both  died  young  without 
issue,  and  a  daughter,  Mary  Devereux,  who  was 
heiress  of  Upper  Munlyn.  On  the  3rd  May  1726,  she 
married,  at  Forden,  John  Meredith  of  Great  Hem,  and 
in  her  right  of  Upper  Munlyn.  He  was  the  son  of  the 
John  Meredith  baptised  at  Forden  in  1670,  and  the 
nephew  of  Margaret,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Peter  Lloyd. 
On  the  death  of  John,  son  of  John  Meredith  and 
Mary  Devereux,  without  issue  in  1786,  Upper  Munljm 
went  to  his  first  cousin,  George  Lloyd  of  Marton, 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Peter  Lloyd  of  Forden,  and  sub- 


THE   PARISH    OF    FORDBN.  97 

sequent  to  1776  of  Munlyn,  which  is  now  the  property 
of  his  great  grandson,  Edward  Humphreys,  Esq.,  of 
Walcot 

Edward  Devereux,  half-brother  of  Mrs.  Meredith  of 
Munlyn,  and  son  by  Arthur,  junior,  and  his  second 
wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Richard  Glynne  of  Maes- 
mawr,  succeeded  to  Nantoribba,  and  became  Viscount 
Hereford  on  the  death  of  his  second  cousin,  Price 
Devereux,  10th  Viscount,  without  issue. 

Extracts  from  Warden  Register. 

1662.  Anne,  daughter  of  John  Meredith,  bap.  29th  May. 

1664.  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Meredith,  bap.  20th 
August. 

1666.  Margaret,^  daughter  of  John  Meredith,  bap.  24th 
July. 

1668.  Jane,  daughter  of  John  Meredith,  bap.  17th  October. 

1672.  John  Meredith,  buried  11th  May. 

1670.  John,  son  of  John  Meredith,  bap.  27th  December. 

-1673.  John  Meredith,  buried  28th  February. 

1703.  Arthur,  filins  Arthuri  Devereux,  jun.,  generosus,  et 
Bridgett,  bap.  28th  May. 

1704.  Vaughan,  fil.  Arthur  Devereux,  gen.,  et  Bridgett,  bap. 
25  Sept. 

1705.  Maria,*  filia  Arthur  Devereux,  gen.,  et  Bridgett,  bap. 
2  November. 

1699.  Petrua  Lloyd  et  Margaretta  Merodite  matrimonio 
conjuncti  fuero  28  Januarii. 

1700.  Maria,  filia  Petri  et  Margarettse  Uoyd,  bap.  16 
Septemb. 

1702.  Georgius,'  filius  Petri  Lloyd,  cler.  et  Margarettaa 
uxoris  ejus  baptizat  26  Novembri. 

1704.  Elizabeths,  filia  Petri  Lloyd,  cler.  et  Margaret tas  uxor 
ejus,  bapt  18vo  Octobri. 

1706.  Petrus,  filius  Petri  Lloyd,  cler.  et  Margarettas  uxor 
ejus  bapt.  T  die  Junii. 

1721.  Petrus  Lloyd,  Minister  EcclesisB  fordinensis  obiit 
tertio  die  Julii  et  sepultus  est  quinto  die  ejusdem  mensis. 


1  Wife  of  the  Rev.  Peter  Lloyd. 

^  Wife  of  John  Meredith  of  Great  Hem,  and  heiress  of  Munlyn. 
•  George  Lloyd,  who  succeeded  to  Munlyn. 
VOL.    XVII.  H 


98  THE   PARISH   OF   PORDEN. 

1726.  Johannes  Meredith  et  Maria  Deverenx,  matrimonio 
conjuncti  fueri  tertio  die  Maii. 

1727.  Johannes^  filius  Johannis  Meredith^  generosi,  et 
Marian  uxoris  ejns  baptizatus  fuit  vicesimo  tertio  die  Novem- 
brifi. 

1728.  Gatherina  Meredith  vidua  sepnlta  fuit  secundo  die 
Maii. 

1729.  Bridgetta,  filia  Johannis  Meredith,  generosi,  et  Maris 
uxoris  ejus  baptizata  fuit  prime  die  Augusti. 

1780.  Maria,  filia  Johannis  Meredith,  generosi,  et  Marias 
uxoris  ejus  baptizata  fuit  quarto  die  Novembris. 

1733.  Clara,  filia  Johannis  Meredith,  generosi,  et  Mariae 
uxoris  ejus  baptizata  fuit  duodecimo  die  Junii. 

1742.  Margaret,  the  widow  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Peter  Lloyd, 
formerly  minister  of  this  parish,  was  buried  the  3rd  J  une. 

1746.  John  Meredith,  gent.,  of  Munlin,  was  buried  April 
24th, 

1755.  Mrs.  Mary  Meredith,  the  widow  of  John  Meredith, 
gent.,  was  buried  July  14th. 

1763.  Mary  Meredith,  widow,  was  buried  the  12th  of  May. 

1775.  Bridgett  Meredith  was  buried  the  18th  of  March. 

1777.  John  Meredith,  gentleman,  was  buried  the  25th 
October. 

The  following  inscription  was  on  a  monument  erected  to  the 
memory  of  this  gentleman,  the  last  of  his  family  name  who 
held  Munlyn,  but,  unfortunately,  more  from  thoughtlessness 
than  from  a  desire  to  efface  the  memories  of  the  old  gentry  of 
the  parish,  this,  with  the  other  monuments  in  the  old  church, 
was  left  as  a  perquisite  to  the  builders  of  the  new  one : — 

"John  Meredith  of  Great  Hem  and  Munlin,  gent.,  son  of 
John  Meredith  and  Mary  Devereux  his  wife.  He  was  married 
to  Margaret  Meredith  of  Swinsbach,  in  the  county  of  Salop, 
6  Mar.  1764,  and  died  22  Oct.  1776(?)  in  the  49th  year  of 
his  age." 

1784.  George  Lloyd  of  Munlin,  buried  24th  May. 

The  latter,  a  first  cousin  of  Mr.  John  Meredith,  succeeded 
to  Munlyn.  Bridget  Meredith,  his  sister,  had  an  interest  in 
the  Hem.  She  married  Thomas  Jones,  whose  daughter  Anne 
married  Shadrach  Edwards  of  Kilkewydd.  Margaret  Meredith 
of  Swinsbach  had  a  sister  who  married  Mr.  John  Williams  of 
Pool,  attorney. 

Kilkewydd. — There  is  little  to  record  of  this  town- 
ship beyond  a  notice  of  some  of  the  early  landowners 
or  occupiers   mentioned   on  the  jury  lists  and    Pool 


THE    PARISH   OF   PORDEN.  99 

burgess  rolls,  and  these  principally  relate  to  the  family 
of  Edwards. 

10  James  I,  1612,  "Roger  Edwards  de  Fforden, 
gen.",  was  on  a  jury  at  the  assizes. 

14  James  I,  1616,  "Edr'us  Price  de  Kilkewedd, 
gent."  a  juror  for  the  hundred  of  Caus. 

13  Charles  I,  1637,  Thomas  Edwards  de  Keelke- 
wydd,  gen.,  was  foreman  of  the  grand  jury  for  the 
CQunty.     He  appears  again  in  1648. 

16  Charles  II,  1664,  Thomas  Lloyd  de  Kilkewyth, 
gen.,  was  a  grand  juror.  He  was  a  grandson  of 
Humphrey  Lloyd  of  Great  Hem,  and  hia  daughter 
Jane,  by  his  wife  Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas  Edwards, 
probably  the  above,  was  the  maternal  ancestress  of  the 
Atcherleys  of  Marton. 

In  1707,  Thomas  Edwards,  son  of  Richard  Edwards 
of  Killkeweth,  deceased,  was  sworn  an  hereditary 
burgess  of  Welshpool. 

In  1721,  Richard  Edwards  of  Killkewydd,  William 
Edwards,  and  Reynold  Edwards  were  also  sworn. 

In  1 779,  Roger  Edwards  and  "  Humphrey  Edwards, 
son  of  Roger  Edwards  of  Great  Hem,  in  the  parish  of 
Forden,  flFarmer,"  were  sworn  hereditary  burgesses. 

In  1781,  Shadrach  Edwards  of  Kilkeweth,  in  the 
county  of  Montgomery,  gentleman,  was  sworn  an 
hereditary  burgess  of  Pool. 

In  1815,  George  Edwards  of  Kilkewydd,  farmer,  was 
sworn  an  hereditary  burgess. 

Mr.  Shadrach  Edwards  was  an  attorney  in  Welsh- 
pool, and  father  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Meredith 
Edwards  of  the  Hem,  a  chaplain  in  the  Royal  Navy, 
whose  mother  Ann  was  the  daughter  of  Thomas  Jones 
and  Bridget  Meredith,  a  sister  of  the  last  John  Mere- 
dith of  Great  Hem  and  Munlyn. 

Exiracisfrom  Forden  Begister. 

1611.  Thomas,  son  of  William  Lloyd,  bap.  9th  June. 
1629.  Thomas  Lloyd  and  Elizabeth  Edwards,  married  8th 
April 

H  2 


100  THE    PARISH    OF   FORDEN. 

1639.  Richard,  the  son  of  Thomas  Lloyd  (Kilkewydd)  and 
Jane,  bap.  19th  January. 

1644  Thomas,  son  of  Thomas  Lloyd  and  Jane,  baptised. 

1648.  Jane,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Jane  Lloyd,  baptised 
14th  October. 

1676.  Andrew  Atcherley  (of  Kilkewydd)  and  Jane  Lloyd, 
married  19th  November. 

This  property  has  also  been  purchased  by  John 
Naylor,  Esq.,  of  Leighton  Hall,  the  present  owner. 

AcKLEY. — Llwyn  Ririd  in  this  township,  and  the 
adjoining  estate  of  Gunley,  formed  the  patrimony  of 
Kirid  ap  Howell,  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  Broch- 
wellian  Princes  of  Powys. 

David  Lloyd  ap  Griffith  ap  Ririd  had  a  daughter 
Margaret,  who  married  and  conveyed  Gunley  to  the 
ancestor  of  the  present  Pryces  of  Gunley.  This  is  one 
of  the  few  families  in  the  county  having  a  well- 
accredited  direct  male  descent,  dating  from  the  close  of 
the  twelfth  century,  and  still  in  possession  of  an  estate 
which  came  to  them  by  the  above  marriage  as  early  as 
the  reign  of  Henry  YIL  The  male  line  of  David 
Lloyd  as  possessors  of  Llwyn  Ririd  ended  with  the 
issue  of  Dr.  Edward  Jones,  Bishop  of  St.  Asaph,  who 
was  born  at  Llwyn  Ririd  in  164L  For  interesting 
details  of  his  family,  see  the  Montgomeryshire  Collec- 
tions, vol.  xii,  p.  239.  A  fuller  notice,  of  the  Pryces  of 
Gunley  will  appear  under  the  head  of  Richard  Pryce 
as  sherifif  of  the  county  in  1656. 

Edderton,  Llettygynfaoh,  Thornbury. — In  1626, 
"  Johes  Phillips  de  Edderton,  gen.'*,  appears  on  a  jury. 

In  1634,  "  Humffrid.  Cartwright  de  Edderton,  gen.", 
appears  on  a  grand  jury  list. 

Also  "Johes  Howell  de  Edderton,  gen." 

In  1598,  "Edwardus  Purcell  de  Llettygwnfarch, 
gen.",  occurs. 

In  1616,  "  Ricus  Wynn  de  Llettygwnvach,  gen.",  was 
on  a  jury. 

In  1634  •*  Nicholas  Wynn  de  Llettygwnvach,  gen." 

In  the  11.  Henry  VIII,  Edward  Stafford,  Duke  of 


THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN.  101 

Buckingham,  by  his  charter,  bearing  date  12th  May, 
granted  the  "Breythin  Forest",  the  "Criggion  Moores", 
and  "le  Gayer  Mill,  situate  in  Gayer,  otherwise 
Thornbury",  to  Humphrey  Lloyd  de  teighton.  The 
Gayer  Mill  and  property  were  in  possession  of  "Charles 
Lloyd,  Esquire",  of  Leighton,  in  the  6th  James  I,  20th 
September  1608,  or  his  assigns.^  Humphrey  Lloyd, 
the  feoffee  of  11  Henry  VIII,  had  a  brother  John,  a 
natural  son  of  David  Lloyd  of  Leighton,  whose  sons 
had  the  Gaer. 

29  Eliz.  "Ricus  DD.  Lloid  de  Gayer,  gen.",   was 
on  a  jury. 

32  Eliz.,  *•  David  ap  leun  ap  DD.   Lloyd  de  Gaer, 
gen'os",  occurs. 

41  Eliz.  and  17  James  I,  "Riceus  ap  John  DD.  Lloyd 
de  Gayer,  gen.",  occurs. 

On  account  of  the  attainder  of  Edward  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  the  right  of  Humphrey  Lloyd  of  Leigh- 
ton  and  his  descendants  to  the  Gaer  Mill,  was  ques- 
tioned. The  celebrated  "Mr.  Harvey,  the  Queen's 
surgeon",  and  *'his  partner,  Robert  Lloyd",  obtained  a 
grant  of  the  Gaer  Mill,  the  Breythin,  and  Criggion 
Moores  from  King  James  L  The.  King,  however,  sus- 
pecting some  irregularity,  or  that  his  '*  title  grew  by  a 
querke  or  tricke  of  lawe",  caused  further  inquiry  to  be 
made,*  whereupon  a  petition  was  presented  to  the 
King  by  Thos.  Pursell,  Esq.,  claiming  the  *' Gayer 
Milne,  being  p'cell  of  his  inheritance  within  the  manor 
of  Overgortheur",  praying  that  the  grant  to  "  Robert 
Lloyd,  Esquier",  be  set  aside.  23rd  May  1609j  is  the 
date  of  the  endorsement  on  Thomas  Purcell's  petition.^ 
The  Purcells  eventually  secured  possession,  as  the  Gaer 
Mill  was  one  of  the  purchases  made  by  George  Deve- 

*  See  the  Inquisition  before  Charles  Lloyd,  as  to  the  King's  right 
to  these. — Mont.  Coll.f  vol.  ii,  p.  218. 

*  See  letters  from  Sir  Roger  Wilbraham  to  the  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
25  September  1608.— 76.,  vol.  ii,  p.  222. 

'  See  Petition. — lb.,  vol.  vi,  p.  110. 


102  THE   PAfilSH    OF   FORDEN. 

reux  of  Vaynor,  from  Catherine  Purcell,  shortly  before 
the  year  1682. 

In  1634  and  1638,  "Ricus  Griffiths  de  Gaire,  gen.", 
was  on  the  grand  jury,  and  in  the  sarae  year  "  Ffran- 
ciscus  Griffith  de  Fforden". 

23  Charles  I,  1648,  ''John  Griffith  de  Fforden, 
gen.",  was  on  the  grand  jury. 

Extracts  from  Forden  Register, 

1604.  David  Lloyd  buried  15th  November. 

1605.  Bichard,  son  of  Humfrey  David  Lloyde,  baptised  28th 
September. 

1607.  Ffulke,  the  son  of  Humfrey  David  Lloyd,  bap.  9th 
May. 

1608.  Edwardus,  filius  Humfridi  David  Lloyd,  bap.  fait 
28th  Jan. 

1613.  Francis,  son  of  Humfrey  David  Lloyd,  bap.  24th 
April. 

1631.  Francis,  the  son  of  Humfrey  David  Lloyd,  buried  7th 
February. 

1640.  HumflFrey  David  Lloyd  was  buried' 11th  Feb.* 

Thornbury. — George  Devereux  of  Vaynor,  who  died 
in  1682,  was  the  son  of  Sir  George  Devereux,  knight,  the 
son  of  Sir  Edward  Devereux,  knight,  who  was  the  son 
of  Walter  Devereux,  first  Viscount  Hereford.  By  his 
wife  Bridget,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Arthur  Price 
of  Vaenor,  Esq.,  he  had  a  numerous  family.  His  third 
son,  Vaughan  Devereux,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  present 
Robert  Devereux,  Viscount  Hereford ;  but  to  his  fifth 
son,  Edward  Devereux  of  Cefngwemfa  Berriew,  the 
Gaer,  in  Thornbury  township,  and  other  property  in 
the  parish  descended.  His  eldest  son,  George  Devereux 
of  Cefngwemfa,  married  in  1 704  Hester  Jones,^  only 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Evan  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Llan- 
llothian  Hall,  Llanfair  Caereinion.  His  eldest  son,  George 
Devereux,  also  of  Cefngwemfa,  married  in  1735  Mary 
Nanney ,  daughter  of  John  Nanney,  Esq. ,  of  Maes-y-Pandy . 
His   son  John  Devereux  died  in  his  father's  lifetime, 

1  These  extracts  very  probably  refer  to  the  Gaer  family. 

2  MonL  ColL,  vol.  viii,  p.  250. 


THE  PARISH  OP  FORDEN.  103 

leaving  an  only  daughter,  Mary  Devereux,  upon  whom 
the  Cefngwernfa  and  the  Gaer  properties  were  entailed 
by  her  grandfather,  George  Devereux. 

Mary  Devereux  married  first,  in  1 779,  Robert  John 
Harrison,*  Esq.,  of  Calne,  Wiltshire,  and  formerly  of  the 
52nd  Light  Infantry ;  and  secondly,  the  Rev.  John  Pryce 
of  Dolforwyn  Hall.  By  her  first  marriage  she  had  an 
eldest  son,  Robert  John  Harrison,  formerly  of  the  Gaer 
and  afterwards  of  Caerhowel  in  the  parish  of  Mont- 
gomery, Esq.,  Major  of  the  Royal  Montgomery  Militia, 
upon  whom  the  Gaer  and  Cefngwernfa  property 
descended  in  right  of  his  mother. 

Major  Harrison  married  in  1810  Sophia  Maria,  third 
daughter  of  William  Ilbert,  Esq.,  of  Bowringsleigh, 
Devon,  and  had  an  eldest  son,  the  Rev.  Robert  Jonn 
Harrison  of  Caerhowel,  M.A.,  of  Emmanuel  College, 
Cambridge,  Vicar  of  Forden.  He  married  in  1841 
Elizabeth,*  second  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  the  Rev. 
Devereux  Glynne  Mytton,  Rector  of  Llandyssil,  and 
had  an  only  surviving  son,  Robert  John  Harrison,  Esq., 
of  Caerhowel  (Major  in  the  Royal  Montgomery  Rifles, 
now  termed  the  Fourth  Battalion  of  the  South  Wales 
Borderers),  who  is  the  present  possessor  of  the  Gaer^ 
as  well  as  the  other  Devereux  properties. 

He  married  in  1874  Charlotte  Henrietta,  third 
daughter  of  Mr.  and  Lady  Charlotte  Montgomery,  and 
niece  of  the  Earl  of  Powis,  and  has  a  son  Hugh  Robert 
Edward  Harrison. 

Edderton. — The  family  of  Edmunds  has  been  long 
settled  at  Edderton.  In  the  latter  part  of  the  last 
century  Richard  Edmunds,^  Esq.,  of  the  "  Exchequer 
of  Pleas,  London",  built  Edderton  Hall,  and  was  a 
benefactor  of  several  of  the  churches  in  the  neighbour- 
hood. Under  the  limitations  in  his  will  the  estate 
devolved  upon  his  nephew,  the  late  John  Edmunds, 
Esq.,  whose  only  son,  Richard  John  Edmunds,  Esq.,  is 
the  present  owner. 

'  See  Mont.  ColL,  vol.  xv,  p.  410.  2  j},^  v^i  yY\\,  p.  205. 

^  /6.,  vol.  V,  p.  34,  and  vol.  xv,  p.  317. 


104 


THE   PARISH   OF    FORDEN. 


The  following  Statistics  of  Farms  of  Ten  Acres  and  vpwards  are 
gleaned  from  the  Bate  Book, 


Owner. 


B.  J.  Edmunds 


B.  J.  Harrison 


John  Najlor 


Mrs.  Pryce.. 


Wm.    Humph- 


reys 


Edw.    Humph- 
reys 
LordSudeley... 


A.  C.  Humphs. 

Owen 
John  Qough  ... 

it 

Mrs.  Edwards 
Jas.  Turner  ... 
Ti-ustees  of 
Chirbury  Schl. 
The  Quardians 
Cambrian  Rail- 
way 


Tenant. 


Self 

Self 

John  Hughes 
Jane  Roberts    ... 
R.&  H.E.Morris 

Wm.  Davies 

Mary  Davies 

John  Lewis  

ThoB.  Corbctt  ... 
Nathan  Wilcox.. 

Wm.  Bowen 

Alex.  Barrett    ... 
J.  R.  Frauds    ... 

Ed.  Jones 

Mr.  Morris 

Ed.  Morris 

Self 

Self 

J.  S.  E.  Rogers.. 

Edw.  Jones  

Maurice  Griffiths 
T.Lloyd    

Self!! 

Self 

E.  and  J.  Morris 

John  Jones    

WilUam    Rogers 

Mrs.  Jones    

Dd.  Howell    

Mrs.  Marston    ... 

Self 

Self 

Self 

Self 

Self 

John  Jones  

John  W.  Jones,.. 

Self 

John  Rogers  and 

Son 
KWatkin 

Humphrey  Evans 

Self 

T.  Hayward 

Thos.  Woods 

G.Williams  .... 


Selves.. 
Selves.. 


Name. 


EddertonHall... 

Woods    

Edderton    Farm 

Cock  Inn  

Ghber  Farm    

Red  House 

Bowline  Careen... 

Bronw<mn 

Church  Lane 

Finger-post  


Vron  

Vron  

New  House  

Lower  Munlyn  .. 

Kilkewydd    

Stub,  etc 

Woods    

Nantoribba    

Civm   

Court  House 

New  House   

Hall,  Nantcribba 
Gunley  Hall  Ho. 

Woods    

Llwyn  Rheditii... 

Ackly 

Rhyd-y-Groee  ... 
Llettygynfach  ... 
Red  House  ... 
King's  Wood 
King's  Wood 
Woodlands    ... 


Finffer-post  .... 
Little  Hem  .... 
White  House  . 
Upper  Munlyn . 


Penylan . 
Woods  . 
Grove.... 


Luggy 


Holly  Bush   .. 
Church  Bank 

The  Hem  

Great  Hem  .. 
Lower  Hem  .., 


Forden  House  ... 
Station  and  Land 


Extent. 


44 

9 

242 

29 


16 
7 

18 

16 

10  1  21 

10  8  2) 
2  0 
0  0 
0  0 


17 
113 
150 
148  2 

40  0 


254  3  12 

84  8  1 

419  0 


0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

14  3 

68  2 

266  0 


91 

75 

16 

5 

4 

62 

240 

161 

140 

211 

84 


87  0  0 

75  0  0 

67  6  0 

140  0  0 

362  1  21 

7  0  0 

262  8  0 

26  16  0 

12  0  0 

10  0  0 

186  0  0 

147  0  0 

87  0  0 

29  0  0 

45  0  0 


Gross 

estimated 
Bental. 


£     s. 
180  0 
5  11 
291 
60 
620 
39 


0 
_  2 
9  6 
0  0 


14  0 
28  0 
30  19 
14  0 


16  0 

33  0 

163  0 

144  0 

203  10 

70  0 

290  0 

53  4 

495  0 

107  0 

85  0 

18 
166 
128 

81 
342 
214 
200 

181  15 

23  10 

24  5 
74  0 

400  0 


20 
400 


27  0 

18  0 

202  0 

190  0 

55  12 


0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
8 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


110  0  0 

100  0  0 

85  0  0 

175  0  0 


0 
0 
0 


40  0  0 


294  15  0 
537  5  0 


THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN.  105 


Arch^ological.* 

The  very  name  of  this  parish,  Forden^  has  an  archsBo- 
logical  import. 

The  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshome,  in  his  work  Salopia 
Antiquay  writes  as  follows : 

*' Ford,^  final  in  composition^  Celt.  Fford  via,  transitus. 
From  finding  this  word  so  continually  on  Roman  roads,  there 
is  no  doubt  that  it  is  allusive  to  the  position  of  the  places 
where  it  occurs,  and  that  the  modem  acceptation  of  the  term 
is  only  employed  in  its  secondary  and  lowest  sense.  Nor  is  a 
word  having  this  termination  invariably  confined  to  places 
where  water  flows,  as  it  is  sometimes  found  where  there  is 
none  at  all.'' 

The  name  Forden  may  therefore  be  considered  as 
derived*  from  the  existence  of  some  ancient  road.  In 
fact,  it  lies  on  the  direct  line  between  an  entrenchment 
called  the  Moat  near  Nant  Cribba  Hall,  probably  of 
British  origin,  and  Caer-Jlds,  a  Roman  encampment 
near  the  river  Severn,  each  of  which  we  shall  hereafter 
consider  in  some  detail. 

We  shall  also  have  occasion  to  show  the  probability 
of  at  least  two  Roman  roads  running  through  Forden, 
their  destination  being  the  important  station  or  camp 
of  Caer-Jlos. 

Caer,  or  Caer-flos. — In  the  township  of  Thornbury, 
and  about  a  mile  from  the  parish  church,  there  is  an 
undoubted  Roman  camp,  of  which  we  give  an  engrav- 
ing. It  is  situated  on  the  farm  called  the  Gaer,  the 
property  of  Robert  John  Harrison,  Esq.,  of  Caerhowel, 
between  a  highway  leading  from  Forden  to  Mont- 
gomery and  the  river  Severn,  and  at  a  point  where  the 
river  makes  a  bend,  so  that  two  sides  of  the  camp  could 
be  defended  by  the  stream. 

It  measures  about  160  yards  each  way,  being  almost 
a  perfect  square,  and  contains  an  area  of  about  five  acres. 

*  For  assistance  in  this  section,  1  have  to  acknowledge  my  obliga- 
tions to  Mr.  Morris  C.  Jones,  F.S.A. 

*  SaJopiq  Antiquay  p,  262. 

^Professor  Ba  bington.-^  J/on<.  Co//.,  voL  vii,  p.  302. 


106  THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN. 

It  is  surrounded  by  a  rampart  of  earth,  which  rises  to 
the  height  of  about  13  feet ;  the  centre  of  the  camp  is 
also  higher  than  the  adjoining  land.  At  the  south- 
west corner,  but  outside  of  it,  there  is  a  very  remark- 
able mass  of  rock  cropping  out  of  the  ground ;  it  stands 
about  7  feet  in  height,  and  is  about  8  or  9  feet  square, 
although  not  of  a  regular  shape. 

There  are  entrances  to  the  camp  on  the  north  and 
south  sides.  In  an  old  estate  map  of  Mr.  R.  J.  Harrison's, 
made  in  1783,  the  road  from  Forden  is  shown  to  run 
through  the  camp  where  the  north  and  south  entrances 
are  marked.  But  no  street  or  way  is  visible  between 
the  east  and  west  gates,  nor  any  traces  of  entrances  on 
the  east  and  west  sides. 

No  discoveries  have  been  made  on  the  spot  of  pottery 
or  other  relics,  yet  it  is  thought  it  must  have  been  a 
permanent  station,  consequently  something  should  be 
found  below  the  surface.^  From  its  position  this  is 
evidently  one  of  the  most  important  Roman  camps  in 
this  district. 

In  the  great  struggle  made  by  Caractacus  against 
the  Romans,  this  locality  must  have  been  the  scene  of 
contest.  The  locality  where  the  last  stand  was  made 
by  Caractacus  will  ever  be  a  matter  of  controversy,  inas- 
much as  Tacitus's  account,  the  only  record  that  has 
come  down  to  us,  being  expressed  in  such  vague  and 
indefinite  terms,  leaves  it  impossible  to  determine  the 
point  with  absolute  certainty. 

The  article  by  the  late  Prebendary  Davies  which 
appeared  in  the  Montgomeryshire  Collections  (vol.  ii, 
p.  139),  however,  has  shown  to  our  satisfaction,  and 
probably  to  that  of  most  Welsh  antiquaries,  that  there 
is  no  reasonable  doubt  of  the  last  struggle  having  taken 

»  An  antiquary  of  eminence  asks,  "  Is  the  soil  of  the  area  black, 
or  filled  with  small  pieces  of  tile  or  pottery,  glass,  etc.  1  Has  anything 
been  noticed  like  the  foundation  of  a  wall  ?  Are  the  roads  connecting 
it  with  other  stations  traceable  ]"  To  which  we  were  only  able  to 
give  negative  answers.  He  suggested  "  that  probing  with  iron  rods 
would  be  desirable",  and  likely  to  produce  results. 


THE   PARISH   OP   FORDBN.  107 

place  on  the  Breidden  Hills  ;  but  others,  including  Rev. 
C.  H.  Hartshorne,  have  taken  a  different  view,  and 
have  fixed  upon  a  site  higher  up  the  Severn,  or  further 
in  Wales.  Wherever  it  may  have  taken  place,  there  can 
hardly  be  a  doubt  that  this  encampment  at  Caer-floa 
was  one  of  the  chain  of  camps  erected  by  the  Eoman 
general  Ostorius  during  the  long  struggle  he  carried  on 
against  Caractacus. 

Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne,  in  his  Salopia  Antigua, 
gives  the  result  of  his  inquiry  from  personal  survey 
into  the  military  and  other  early  remains  of  the  North 
Welsh  borders.  After  reviewing  the  military  remains 
of  Badnorshire,  and  coming  to  the  conclusion  that  Rad- 
norshire was  not  the  scene  of  any  very  severe  contest, 
he  comes  to  consider  the  encampment  at  Caer-flos,  and 
thus  dwells  upon  the  advantages  of  its  position  : — 

"Having  driven  the  troops  of  Caractacus  thus  far,  the 
Roman  general  seems  to  have  paused,  to  allow  time  for 
the  construction  of  such  a  camp  as  would  be  suitable 
both  to  contain  his  forces  as  well  as  to  secure  the 
territory  he  had  acquired.  The  site  was  just  such  a 
one  as  a  skilful  tactician  like  Ostorius  would  be  likely 
to  choose.  W^e  have  observed  the  prudence  which 
guided  him  in  fixing  upon  Whettleton  Wood,  or  Norton 
Camp,  as  a  flank  defence  for  the  valleys  of  Corne  Dale, 
Ape  Dale,  and  the  Stretton  Gorge,  and  in  the 
present  instance  his  position  was  selected  as  advan- 
tageously. 

"  Caer-flos  stands  above  the  eastern  banks  of  the 
Severn,  at  the  confluence  of  four  valleys,  a  mile  and  a 
half  north  of  Montgomery  ;  one  of  these  takes  the 
course  of  the  river  to  Welshpool,  Llandrinio,  and  Mel- 
verley,  where  it  expands  into  a  vast  champagne  country  ; 
the  other  takes  the  eastern  side  of  the  Breidden,  and 
unites  with  the  preceding  valley  at  Cardeston  and 
Alberbury.  Besides  being  a  key  to  these  two,  it  is  so 
situated  as  completely  to  command  the  whole  district 
as  far  aft  Bishop's  Castle  to  the  south-east,  and  the  vale 
of  the  Severn  as  high  as  Newtown  to  the  south-west." 


108  THE   PARISH   OF   FORDEN. 

The  proximity  of  the  Caer  to  the  celebrated  and 
historic  ford  of  Rhydwhima  is  significant,  and  should  not 
be  overlooked.  That  ford  is  thought  by  many  to  have 
been  the  chief  entrance  from  England  into  North 
Wales;  and  one  of  the  objects  of  this  Roman  encamp- 
ment may  have  been  to  dominate  that  ford  as  the  main 
inlet  into  the  interior  of  Wales. 

The  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne^  has  the  following  re- 
marks as  to  the  possibility  of  Caer-flos  being  the  site 
of  the  lost  Mediolanum — which  we  give  on  his  autho- 
rity— although  almost  in  the  same  breath  he  demolishes 
the  theory.  He  remarks  that  "  in  the  present  corrupt 
state  of  the  text  of  Antoninus^  it  would  be  useless  to 

seek  out  the  true  situation   of  Mediolanum 

The  distance  from  Rowton  Castle  to  Wroxeter  agrees 
with  the  number  of  miles  marked  in  the  Itineraiv/j  and 
so  does  Rushbury.  The  distance  from  Mediolanum  to 
Uriconium  exactly  agrees  with  that  from  Caer-flos  to 
Wroxeter,  and  the  intervening  station  of  Rutunium  or 
Rowton  Castle,  to  reach  which  we  pass  over  Stretton 
Heath,  tallies  suflSciently  with  our  placing  it  there. 
But,  on  the  other-  hand,  by  fixing  Meaiolanum  at  Caer- 
flos,  all  the  places  between  it  and  Deva  disagree 
with  the  Itinerary  numbers.  The  whole  of  the  Iters 
relating  to  this  district  are  very  obscure,  and  I  think  it 
will  be  hopeless  to  attempt  their  illustration  until 
some  one  presents  us  with  a  better  text  of  Antoninus 
to  work  upon.*' 

Roman  Roads  centering  in  Caer-flos. — A  net- 
work of  Roman  roads  has  been  traced  by  competent 
authorities  up  to  this  important  station. 

First,  from  Shrewsbury,  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne 
traces  one  as  follows* : — 

"  The  recurrence  of  this  termination  "  ford",  coupled 
with  other  facts,  which  are  given  in  another  part  of 
the  volume,  induces  me  to  think  that  a  Roman  road 
formerly  went  from  Shrewsbury  by  Horton  Lane, 
Nox,  Stoney  Stretton,  Westbury,  Worthen,  Hailsford 

'  Salopia  Antiqua,  p.  147.  ^  Ibid.^  p.  263. 


THE    PARISH   OF    FORDEN.  109 

Brook,  Blackford,  and  Chirbury,  to  Montgomery  and 
Caer-flos." 

He  then  proceeds  to  mention  another  road  from  Shrews- 
bury : — "  Taking  a  northern  direction  still,  another 
road  would  pass  by  Little  Oxon,  Pavement  Gate, 
Welchman's  Ford  ;  soon  after  leaving  Rowton,  it  would 
turn  to  the  south  over  Stretton  Heath,  .by  Hayford, 
and  join  the  road  just  mentioned  at  Westbury." 

Mr.  Hartshorne  traces  a  third  line'  : — 

"A  third  road  from  Wroxeter  passed  over  the 
Severn  due  west  towards  Berrington  Hall,  near  which 
place  the  line  of  road  is  still  called  King  Street,  leaving 
the  small  epaulement  of  the  Burgs,  a  Roman  work,  to 
the  right,  going  by  Hunger  Hill,  Exford's  Green, 
Ascot,  and  Lee  Cross  (where  a  tesselated  pavement 
was  found  in  1793);  from  Lee  Cross  it  proceeds  to 
Edge  and  Stoney  Stretton,  where  it  fell  into  the  road 
from  Rutunium  to  Caer-flos." 

These  three  lines  show  the  communications  from 
Caer-flos  to  Shrewsbury,  RutuniuiDi,  and  Uriconium. 
There  is  still  a  fourth  road,  for  the  tracing  of  which 
we  are  indebted  to  Professor  feabington,  which,  we 
think  we  may  venture  to  say,  extended  to  Clawdd- 
coch,  although  the  Professor  has  confined  his  researches 
to  a  Roman  road  over  the  mountains  between  Guils- 
field  and  the  river  Vyrnwy.  He  starts  at  Gaer  Fawr, 
in  the  parish  of  Guilsfield,  and  says  : — 

"  The  supposed  line  of  Roman  road  now  forms  a  lane, 
or  rather  succession  of  lanes,  and  passes  far  below  the 
south-western  end  of  the  Gaer  Fawr.  It  has  not  with- 
out reason  been  considered  as  a  part  of  a  Roman  way  ; 
but  I  have  not  succeeded  in  determining  the  station 
between  which  it  formed  the  line  of  communication. 
Its  course  is  very  direct  from  Waunfach,  on  the  river 
Vyrnwy,  trending  in  a  southward  direction.  It  passes 
by  a  place  called  Street,  to  Sarn  Bridge,  near  Guils- 
field, thence  by  Trelydan  Hall  to  Welshpool.  There 
is  nothing  but  the  directness  of  its  course,  and  its 
manifest  antiquity,  combined  with  the  two  names  of 
^  Salopia  Antiqtta,  p.  133. 


110  THE    PARISH    OF   FORDEN. 

Street  and  Sara,  to  lead  to  the  belief  of  its  Roman 
origin,  until  we  arrive  near  Trelydan  Cottage.  There 
the  lane  is  wide,  follows  the  hill  top  for  some  distance, 
and  presents  a  raised  appearance,  usually  found  in  the 
remains  of  Roman  roads. 

"  Possibly  it  went  southwards  from  WelshpooP 
along  a  lane  by  the  canal,  and  covered  the  meadows 
to  Glanhafren,  near  to  which  place  the  name  Sarn-y- 
bryn-caled  occurs.  It  then  probably  passed'  the 
Severn,  and  proceeding  by  Penylan,  reached  Forden, 
the  name  of  which  place  is  apparently  derived  from 
the  existence  of  some  ancient  road,  for  we  find  the 
termination  ford  usually  associated  with  Roman,  or 
very  early  roads  in  many  parts  of  England,  where  it  is 
probably  of  British  origin.  It  may  afterwards  have 
followed  nearly  the  course  of  the  modern  road  by- 
Montgomery,  leaving  the  Caer  (miscalled  the  Floi)  at 
a  little  distance  to  the  west,  to  a  point  at  about  half- 
way between  Churchstoke  and  Kerry." 

We  have  seen  that  the  road  did,  until  the  end  of 
the  last  century,  run  through  the  Caer-fl.os,  which, 
there  is  little  doubt,  was  its  destination.  As  to  the 
further  course  of  the  road,  it  will  be  found  that  it  fol- 
lowed the  course  of  the  Severn,  rather  than  running 
in  the  direction  Professor  Babington  indicates. 

These  four  lines  came  from  an  easterly  direction.  The 
line  of  communication  from  Caer-flos  in  a  westerly  direc- 
tion followed  the  course  of  the  Severn,  and  reached 
the  important  station  of  Caersws,  in  the  parish  of 
Llanwnog.  It  passed  through  the  parish  of  Llandyssil, 
wherein  we  have  not  found  any  account  of  its  being 
traced  ;  from  thence  to  Llanmerewig,  in  which  parish 
the  road  is  distinctly  visible,  and  there  are  other 
Roman  remains. 

**  On  the  summit  of  a  hill,  above  the  farm  called 

*  See  MoiU.  ColLy  vol.  vii,  p.  302,  where  other  circumstanoes  are 
mentioned  confirmatory  of  the  conclusions  come  to  by  Professor 
Babington. 

3  We  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  the  meaning  of  this  word 
"  Flos". 


THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN.  Ill 

Giants'  Bank,  about  half  a  mile  from  the  road  leading 
from  Welshpool  to  Newtown,  are  the  remains  of  a 
Eoman  camp,  comprising  a  quadrilateral  area,  in  which 
fragments  of  ornamented  pottery,  and  part  of  a  spear 
head  have  been  found,  from  this  camp  are  seen 
several  of  the  principal  mountains  in  North  Wales.  A 
Roman  road,  leading  from  Caersws,  through  the  vale  of 
the  Severn  to  the  Gaer,  near  Montgomery,  and  thence 
to  Chester  and  Wroxeter,  the  ancient  Uriconium  of  the 
Romans,  may  be  traced  in  the  lower  part  of  this 
parish,  near  the  river  Severn."^ 

From  Llanmerewig,  it  runs  through  the  parish  of 
Newtown,  wherein  traces  of  the  road  exist,^  and  from 
thence  to  the  parish  of  Penstrywed,  where  it  appears 
in  the  grounds  of  Glanhavren  for  some  distance.  It 
then  enters  the  parish  of  Llanwnog,  and  proceeds  to 
Caersws. 

Sir  R.  C.  Hoare,  in  his  Giraldus  Camirenm (ed.  1806), 
p.  clxvii,  also  traces  this  latter  road,  commencing  in  the 
opposite  direction.  He  says : — *'  I  have  reason  to 
think  that  another  road  of  communication  branched  off 
from  the  Vid  Occidentalis  at  Penalt,  on  the  Dovey,  in 
an  easterly  direction,  to  the  stations  on  the  Severn  at 
Caersws,  for  at  this  latter  place  it  is  very  visible,  and 
its  remains  are  so  singular  that  I  shall  describe  them 
from  my  journal  taken  on  the  spot  in  the  year  1804, 
when  I  examined  Caersws  and  its  neighbourhood. 
From  Caersws  the  Roman  road  steered  its  course 
easterly  to  a  farm-house  called  Maes  Mawr,  belonging 
to  Mr.  Price  Davies,  whose  house  may  almost  be  said 
to  stand  upon  it,  for  it  passes  directly  through  a  gate- 
way adjoining.  On  examining  the  line  oh  each  side 
of  this  house,  I  plainly  distinguished  the  road  with  its 
stratum  of  gravel,  in  the  banks  of  the  river,  both  to 
the  west  and  east,  so  often  as  the  capricious  Severn 
altered  its  course.  Between  the  house  and  the  river 
the  causeway  is    very  visible.       The    road    is  inter- 

*  Lewis's  Top,  Diet,  of  Walesf  tnib  nom,  "  Llanmerewig''. 
2  76.,  sub  nom,  "  Newtown", 


112  THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN. 

sected  a  third  time  by  the  Severn,  where  it  is  easily 
traced  to  the  turnpike  road  by  the  elevated  ridge  of  a 
long  hedge  that  stands  upon  it,  and  comes  out  opposite 
to  a  small  house  surrounded  with  fir-trees,  and  near 
some  ponds  by  the  road-side.  From  this  place  I  could 
not  ascertain  its  course  with  any  degree  of  certainty, 
though'  informed  that  after  traversing  some  meadows 
it  found  the  public  road  at  a  place  called  Pen-y- 
Strywaed,  a  corruption,  perhaps,  of  Pen-y-Straed,  or 
Peny  Street,  the  head  of  the  street.  At  Newtown  I 
gained  some  further  information  respecting  the  progress 
of  this  road  from  Mr.  Lewis,  the  resident  clergyman  of 
the  place,  who  showed  it  me  again  in  several  fields  to 
the  right  of  the  road  leading  to  Welshpool,  nearly 
opposite  to  a  British  entrenchment,  and  the  parish 
church,  Llanllwchaian.  It  is  singular  that  this  road 
should  still  serve  as  a  boundary  between  two  parishes, 
and  it  is  mentioned  as  such  in  old  deeds.  Its  direc- 
tion is,  undoubtedly,  to  a  fine  Roman  camp,  called 
Gaer,  near  the  Severn,  between  Montgomery  and 
Welshpool,  from  whence  a  friend  of  mine,  residing  in 
Shropshire,  has  traced  it  easterly  to  Marton  Pool ;  but 
it  remains  rather  doubtful  whether  its  ultimate  desti- 
nation was  to  Rutunium,  or  Uriconium." 

This  latter  paragraph  is  a  confirmation  of  the  lines 
of  roads  traced  by  the  Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne,  who, 
however,  has  shown  the  road  branched  off  to  Rutu- 
nium and  Uriconium. 

For  an  account  of  Caersws,  and  also  for  the  probable 
direction  of  the  Roman  roads  from  thence  northwards, 
we  refer  to  Mr.  K.  Hamer's  articles  on  **  Ancient 
Arwystli"  in  MonL  Coll.,  vol.  i,  p.  209,  et  seq.,  and 
vol.  iii  p.  46,  and  Mr.  Hancock's  papers  "On  the 
Roman  Roads  in  Montgomeryshire",  Arch.  Camh.^ 
1848,  p.  91. 

The  Moat  at  Nantcribba. — Near  Nantcribba  Hall 
in  this  parish,  and  about  half  a  mile  from  the  parish 
church,  'there  is  an  abrupt  "boss  of  Volcanic  trap", 
which  looks  at  a  short  distance  like  a  ruined  castle.  We 


THE  PARISH  OP  FORDEN.  113 

give  a  plan  of  it.  It  is  the  largest  moated  mound  in 
the  district ;  it  is  forty  feet  high,  and  stands  within  a 
large  oval  base  court,  also  moated,  which  is  about  forty 
yards  and  twenty-five  yards  at  its.l(mgest  and  shortest 
dimensions.  It  lies  a  short  distance  from  and  on  the 
south  side  of  the  turnpike  road  from  Welshpool  to  Mont- 
gomery ;  between  it  and  the  turnpike  road  runs  Oflfa's 
dyke,  which  at  this  part  is  well  developed  and  of  con- 
siderable height.  In  Pennant's  Tour  in  Wales  (1784 
ed.,  vol.  ii,  p.  167),  we  find  the  following  account  of 
some  sort  of  fortification  having  been  on  this  rock  : — 

"  Descend  into  the  vale,  cross  the  Severn,  ride  along 
the  road  through  the  midst  of  the  Roman  camp  called 
the  Gaer,  seated  in  the  parish,  or  rather  chapelry,  of 
Forden.     It  is  of  the  usual  rectangular  form. 

**  A  little  beyond,  near  the  house  of  Nantcribba,  the 
seat  of  Lord  Viscount  Hereford,  rises  a  great  conoid 
rock*  A  few  years  ago,  on  taking  away  the  top,  were 
discovered  the  remains  of  a  little  fort ;  and  on  paring 
away  the  rubbish,  it  appeared  to  have  been  square,  with 
a  round  tower  probably  at  each  comer ;  one  is  tolerably 
entire,  and  is  only  nine  feet  diameter  within ;  the  wall 
seven  feet  seven  inches  thick.  There  had  been  some 
small  square  rooms,  with  door-cases  of  good  freestone ; 
the  rest  of  the  building  is  of  rough  stone,  cemented 
with  clay.  This  place  was  probably  ruined  by  fire ;  for 
1  had  observed  som'e  melted  lead,  mixed  with  charcoal, 
and  several  pieces  of  vitrified  stuff.  There  is  no  history 
relative  to  it.  It  must  be  very  ancient,  for  on  the  top 
is  the  stool  of  a  vast  oak.  The  base  of  the  rock  is  sur- 
rounded with  a  ditch,  cut  through  it,  leaving  only  a 
narrow  pass  to  the  fort.  At  a  distance  is  another 
trench.  Offa'a  ditch  lies  about  two  hundred  yards  from 
the  rock/ 

Nantcribba  has  neither  the  outline,  situation,  nor  con- 
struction of  a  Roman  camp.  It  is  possible,  neverthe- 
less, that  the  Romans  may  some  time  have  occupied  it. 

Being  so  near  Offa's  Dyke,  and  on  the  English  side 
of  it,  it  has  been  suggested  that  it  was  most  probably 

VOL.  xvii,  J 


114  THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN. 

one  of  the  positions  permanently  occupied  by  the 
English  followers  of  the  Mercian  king.  There  can  be 
little  doubt  it  was  a  point  of  observation,  and  its 
natural  advantages  suggested  its  suitability  for  that 
purpose.     No  history  has  come  down  about  it. 

It  is  now  used  as  a  quarry  for  getting  stone  for  re- 
pairing the  roads,  and  its  form  will  soon  be  interfered 
with.  No  satisfactory  suggestion  has  hitherto  been 
made  as  to  the  origin  of  the  name  Nantcribba. 

Ofpa's  Dyke. — This  runs  through  this  parish.  The 
Rev.  C.  H.  Hartshorne^  thus  describes  its  course  : — 

"  A  mile  further  on  it  forms  the  boundary  of  Shrop- 
shire and  Montgomeryshire,  until  it  reaches  the  road 
communicating  between  the  latter  town  and  Chirbury. 
It  is  found  in  a  perfect  state  a  mile  further  onwards  ; 
but  all  traces  are  lost  at  the  Devil's  Home.  Proceed- 
ing northwards,  it  is  again  fallen  in  with.  For  two 
miles  it  seems  to  take  the  course  of  the  turnpike  road 
connecting  Montgomery  with  Welshpool,  from  which 
road  it  is  distant  merely  a  few  paces.  At  the  first 
approach  to  the  road  in  question,  it  is  very  perfect  for 
a  mile.  At  Nantcribba  Hall  it  passes  by  a  circular 
entrenchment  called  The  Moat,  at  which  place  it  is 
vei*y  well  preserved.  Inclining  a  little  to  the  east,  it 
goes  on  to  Fron,  where  it  suddenly  bends  to  the  west, 
and  then  goes  nearly  in  a  straight  line  to  Buttington." 

CCJSTOMS   AND   QaMES. 

These  have  tolerably  well  become  extinct,  except  in 
the  minds  of  a  very  few  of  the  oldest  people,  so  much 
Bo  that  it  has  become  a  matter  of  some  difficulty  to 
ascertain  what  sports  used  to  be  held.  Such  as  have 
been  named  to  me  I  give,  imagining  that  this  parish 
was  not  worse  than  its  neighbours. 

Football  used  to  be  played  on  the  Hem  Bank  regu- 
larly on  Sundays. 

A  blacksmith's  shop  was  considered  by  its  owner  to 
be  only  orthodox  if  it  was  the  scene  of  pitch-and-toss 

*  Salopia  AntiqnOy  p.  190. 


THE   PARISH   OF   PORDEN.  115 

on  Sunday,  its  owner  being  the  principal  offending 
party. 

The  wakes,  which  lasted  for  three  days,  beginning 
always  on  the  first  Sunday  after  the  29th  of  Septem- 
ber, had  their  excesses  as  usual. 

Cock-fighting  was  practised  annually  on  Whit-Mon- 
day, on  the  open  grassy  plain  in  front  of  the  church- 
yard, and  used  to  be  a  source  of  great  excitement. 
Spurs  were  affixed  to  the  birds  occasionally,  and  inten- 
sified the  eagerness  of  the  beholders,  whilst  they  betted 
upon  the  early  death  of  one  of  the  birds. 

The  Sunday  well  used  to  be  considered  a  great  day 
in  the  parish.  On  the  first  Sunday  after  Trinity 
people  used  to  assemble  from  the  adjoining  villages  in 
great  numbers  at  a  well  in  King's  wood.  The  well 
water  was  said  to  be  very  good  in  taste,  as  it  is  now. 
The  folks  used  to  drink  it  either  pure,  or  with  a  little 
sugar  in  it.  Tables  were  taken  to  the  place,  from 
which  buns,  cakes,  and  other  things  might  be  pur- 
chased. After  due  time  the  people  used  to  go  to  the 
*'Cock  Inn"  for  amusements.  These  were  various,  and 
included  ball-playing,  gambling,  dancing,  and  similar 
sports.  Sometimes  men  became  angry  with  each  other 
as  the  beer  was  consumed.  Men  stripped  themselves 
to  fight  each  other.  One  of  my  informants  well  re- 
members seeing  fourteen  men  stand  up  to  fight  at  one 
time. 

The  Sunday  also  was  a  great  day  in  summer  for 
skittles,  formerly  called  kiles,  to  be  played.  The  great 
place  for  this  game  was  in  front  of  the  churchyard,  the 
object  being  drink,  which  the  successful  competitors 
gained.  The  time  for  the  games  was  before  and  after 
church  service.  The  chaplain  of  the  House  of  Industry 
used  to  take  the  service  at  the  workhouse  before  pro- 
ceeding to  church.  The  road  between  the  workhouse 
and  the  church,  as  the  latter  is  on  an  elevation,  gave 
those  who  were  watching  for  the  chaplain  to  arrive,  an 
opportunity  of  retreat  to  the  Church  House  Inn, 
where  they  used  to  drink  until  service  was  over  and 

I  2 


116  THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN. 

the  clergyman  had  gone  home  to  Montgomery,  when 
the  grass  again  bristled  with  skittle-players. 

Trotting,  too,  was  a  frequent  and  painful  amuse- 
ment. It  used  to  be  done  for  money  to  the  trotters 
themselves,  or  for  beer.  Bets  were  laid  upon  the 
winners,  for  active  competition  used  to  go  on  ;  the 
chief  movers  who  induced  the  games  being  the  prin- 
cipal farmers  in  the  parish.  Trotting  consisted  of  the 
trotter  himself,  and  two  men  who  trotted  him.  One 
of  the  men  seized  the  trotter  at  the  back  of  his  trou- 
sers, taking  a  firm  hold  thereof;  with  the  disengaged 
hand  he  seized  the  lobe  of  one  ear,  pulling  it  upwards, 
instead  of  letting  it  hang  downwards.  Another  man 
performed  a  similar  operation  on  the  other  ear.  The 
start  was  given,  the  trotter  could  not  fall  without 
gashing  the  ears,  and  the  more  drunk  he  was,  the 
worse  became  his  wounds.  Moreover,  to  add  to  the 
so-called  fun,  the  greater  the  amount  of  mud  and 
water  through  which  the  trotters  went,  so  much  the 
greater  was  the  glee.  A  man  at  Newtown  was  trott-ed 
to  death. 

Such  was  the  state  of  the  parish  many  years  since. 
The  change  from  the  open  Sunday  desecration  to  a 
more  externally  good  system  was  eflfected  by  the 
agency  of  one  of  the  incumbents,  Mr.  Nihill.  He 
heard  by  report  how  badly  conducted  the  public-houses 
were,  and  took  an  opportunity  of  proving  the  veracity 
of  the  fact  by  not  returning  home  to  Montgomery, 
but  riding  to  the  "Cock  Inn"  instead.  There  he 
caught  his  parishioners  in  the  greatest  excesses,  not 
only  as  regards  the  games,  but  as  to  drunkenness.  At 
once  he  set  about  reform.  He  lost  no  time  in  seeing 
the  owner  of  the  "  Cock  Inn",  who  was  the  owner  of 
the  Leighton  estate.  Both  worked  with  a  will  to 
remove  the  abominations.  The  incumbent,  after  much 
persuasion,  asked  for  the  licence  not  to  be  stopped, 
which  otherwise  it  would  have  been.  He  preached  a 
sermon  in  the  church  against  these  vices,  which  is  not 
forgotten  to  this  day.     He  was  an  Irishman,  and  on 


THK  PARISH  OF  FORDEN.  117 

this  occasion  preached  with  true  Celtic  fervour.  The 
pulpit  cushions  had  the  dust  well  knocked  out  of  them, 
for  Boanerges  was  thoroughly  represented.  One  of  the 
men  nearest  to  the  pulpit  was  the  landlord  of  the 
"  Cock".  From  then  until  now  there  has  not  been 
much  Sunday  irregularity. 

As  to  omens  being  the  precursors  of  death,  a  few  such 
are  to  be  found.  There  is  an  old  one  which  attaches 
the  absolute  necessity  of  a  death  to  some  human  being 
if  the  screech-owl  screeches  at  night.  Such  an  event 
reaUy  did  take  place  many  years  since.  A  girl  named 
Martha  Evans,  the  bailiflTs  daughter  at  Upper  Munlyn 
farm,  died  one  night  when  the  owl  screeched.  The 
connection  between  the  bird's  noise  and  the  daughter's 
decease  was  considered  to  be  beyond  all  doubt. 

Crickets  are  said  to  be  a  source  of  good  fortune  to 
those  whose  houses  have  them.  Hence  bakers  of  bread 
should  be  universally  lucky — a  fact  which  as  yet  is  far 
from  correct.  The  noise  made  by  these  insects  is  pro- 
duced by  the  male  cricket  only,  never  by  the  female. 
If  the  cricket  be  examined  closely,  a  clear  space  will  be 
seen  near  the  centre  of  each  of  the  upper  wings,  at 
which  is  a  vein,  or  at  most  a  very  few  veins.  This 
clear  space  is  called  the  tympanum,  or  drum.  Three 
or  four  raised  ridges  running  longitudinally  skirt  a 
large,  dark,  and  long  vein.  Then  at  the  base  of  the 
wing-sheath,  in  front  of  the  drum,  is  a  homy  ridge 
running  transversely,  supplied  with  numerous  short 
teeth  or  small  projections,  and  forming  a  bow  or  file. 
When  these  two  arrangements  are  rubbed  across  each 
other,  the  rasping  of  the  file  across  these  elevations 
makes  the  peculiar  chirping  sound  we  hear,  which, 
however,  would  scarcely,  if  at  all,  be  heard,  were  it 
not  for  the  drum  at  their  back  causing  the  vibration 
to  be  distinct  and  acting  as  a  sounding-board.  Thus 
the  cricket,  in  common  with  the  grasshopper  tribe 
generally,  is  able  after  desperate  bounds  and  jumps  to 
rally  around  him  his  mate  and  family,  instead  of  losing 
them  for  ever. 


118  THE  PARISH  OF  FOKDEN. 

There  is  a  notion  here  that  whichever  sex  is  buried 
first  in  the  churchyard  in  the  New  Year,  that  sex  will 
be  the  prevailing  one  for  burial  during  the  remainder 
of  that  year.  Also  that  at  the  beginning  of  the  year 
it  is  most  unfortunate  to  meet  with  a  woman  as  the 
first  person  to  look  at.  When  I  first  heard  of  this 
strange  notion,  I  asked  what  were  husbands  to  do, 
and  what  was  to  be  their  fate  ;  because  they  must,  as 
a  matter  of  course,  on  opening  their  eyes  on  the  morn 
of  a  New  Year's  day,  see  their  wives  first.  The  answer 
given  showed  that  a  special  sort  of  dispensation  was 
granted  to  husbands  and  wives,  and  that  there  was 
nothing  to  fear  in  their  case.  The  horror  of  seeing  a 
woman  as  the  first  New  Year's  sight  still  exists  here. 

Another  notion  which  held  sway  here  more  strongly 
formerly  than  now,  is,  that  great  ill-luck  must  attend 
persons  who  travel  from  home  on  the  first  day  of 
January.  The  time  was  when  people  could  not  be 
induced  even  to  attend  Welshpool  Fair,  held  on  that 
day,  though  Welshpool  Fair  is  about  the  strongest  in- 
ducement possible  to  the  Forden  inhabitants.  They 
look  forward  to  it  with  great  zest.  Times  alter ;  some 
living  now  consider  they  are  safe  if  they  remain  at 
home  until  midday,  and  that  twelve  o'clock  voliuitary 
imprisonment  in  their  houses  is  enough.  They  go  out 
afterwards  with  impunity. 

Mistletoe,  it  is  thought,  must  be  kept  from  Christ- 
mas to  Christmas.  It  is  dangerous  to  remove  a  piece 
under  twelve  months.  Not  that  the  kissing  operations 
are  eflBcacious  after  the  usual  limit  granted  generally 
in  England. 

Bees  are  considered  to  be  the  forerunners  of  great 
blessings,  should  a  swarm  settle  in  anyone's  posses- 
sions ;  and  to  get  rid  of  them,  under  such  circumstances, 
would  be  most  disastrous.  At  the  same  time,  people 
here  have  not  the  slightest  hesitation  in  destroying 
hive  after  hive,  in  order  to  get  the  honey.  So  incon- 
sistent is  human  nature.  But  no  one  will  sell  bees, 
It  is  said  to  be  dreadful  to  do  so.     The  dread  fulness 


THE   PARISH   OF  FORDEN.  119 

consists  in  taking  money  for  bees.  An  exchange  of 
any  kind  besides,  is  most  orthodox,  and  no  fears  of  a 
superstitious  order  are  entertained  if  cash  does  not 
enter  into  the  bargain. 

A  custom  prevails  in  this  parish  of  attending  the 
parish  church  on  Christmas  Day.  On  that  occasion 
the  morning  service  is  the  largest  in  the  year.  Several 
dissenters  attend,  and  also  others  who  would  call 
themselves  churchmen,  but  who,  nevertheless,  would 
not  be  persuaded  to  enter  the  House  of  God  on  any 
other  day.  What  the  special  efficacy  of  this  act  of 
devotion  is,  I  know  not. 

On  the  first  day  of  a  New  Year  children  go  about 
the  parish,  wishing  you 

"  A  merry  Christmas,  a  happy  New  Year, 
A  pocket  full  of  money,  a  cellar  full  of  beer, 
A  good  fat  pig  to  last  you  all  the  year ; 
Please  give  us  a  New  Year's  gift." 

The  sincerity  of  the  wish  is  manifested  by  the  speed 
at  which  the  children  go  when  they  have  been  paid  for 
their  noise,  which  often  is  not  very  harmonious. 

As  an  Englishman,  I  notice  several  peculiarities  in 
the  expressions  of  the  neighbourhood.  For  instance, 
the  double  comparative  is  very  often  used.  The 
weather  is  said  to  be  "  more  clearer"  to-day  than  yes- 
terday. People  are  "more  kinder"  to  each  other  at 
Christmas  than  at  other  times. 

Another  singularity  is  the  exactitude  observed  about 
people  saying  "  Good  morning"  and  "  Good  evening"  to 
each  other.  They  are  scrupulously  particular  never  to 
misplace  the  words.  Twelve  o'clock  in  the  day  is  the 
exact  time  at  which  the  change  takes  place.  '*  After- 
noon" is  a  term  rarely,  if  ever,  used. 

Words  which  end  in  ous,  as  glorious,  joyous,  are 
pronounced  "  glory oos",  "  joyoos".  Monstrous  is 
*'monstroos".     Tremendous  is  *'tremendoos". 

The  ear  of  wheat  being  **  punned",  that  is  to  say, 
threshed ;    carpets  are  punned,  alias  beaten ;  so  are 


120  THE  PARISH  OF  FORDEN. 

children.  "  Moithered"  is  an  equivalent  for  troubled 
in  the  brain,  agitated,  confused.  Not  "ornery"  weather, 
is  not  ordinary  weather.  When  a  place  wants  to  be 
"  fettled  up*',  it  is  the  same  as  being  made  tidy.  The 
health  of  persons  when  improving  is  said  to  be  '*  a  bit 
pearter".  People  are  *•  big-sorted"  when  they  show  an 
unusual  amount  of  self-sufficiency.  They  are  **  very 
simple"  when  far  from  well. 

A  notion  exists  that  if  the  soil  above  a  recently 
formed  grave  gives  way  suddenly,  so  as  to  make  the 
sinking  of  the  soil  a  good  deal  deeper  than  usual,  a 
sure  consequence  will  be  that  another  member  of  the 
same  family  will  quickly  be  interred  in  the  same  yard. 

Before  closing  this  paper,  let  me  say,  by  way  of  cor- 
rection, that  the  date  the  late  Rev.  R.  J.  Harrison 
became  incumbent  was,  I  believe,  1844  ;  and  although 
not  inducted  as  vicar,  he  became  such  without  induc- 
tion during  the  latter  part  of  his  life. 


121 


EAELY    MONTGOMERYSHIRE    WILLS. 


At  St.  Asaph  Registky. 

The  extracts  from  the  St.  Asaph  volumes  of  copies  of 
wills  given  in  Part  xxxiii,  Mont  Colly  fol.  299  et  seq.^ 
were  taken  from  the  indexes  to  the  volumes  only,  and 
in  extracting  subsequently  from  the  wills  themselves, 
the  writer  found  that  a  seriatim  perusal  of  the  wills 
would  be  necessary  to  ensure  anything  like  accuracy, 
and  to  give  the  parishes  and  probate  dates.  This, 
accordingly,  tlje  writer  has  taken  in  hand,  and  the  fol- 
lowing lists  will  include,  with  few  exceptions,  all  the 
wills  from  the  parishes  in  Montgomery  named  in  the 
lists  from  1565  to  1639.  There  are  not  many  originals 
of  wills  in  this  office  dating  before  the  Restoration  in 
1660,  when  the  registers  proper  commence.  From  the 
appearance  of  the  books  it  is  evident,  however,  that 
the  copies  have  been  regularly  kept  after  the  year  1620, 
and  probably  few  wills  (copies)  are  missing  after  that 
date,  during  the  periods  over  which  the  several  volumes 
extend.  The  following  parishes  in  the  Deanery  of 
Cyfeiliog,  all  in  Montgomeryshire,  formerly  belonged  to 
St.  Asaph  diocese,  but  are  now  in  that  of  Bangor,  viz., 
Cemmes,  Darowen,  Llanbrynmair,  Llanwrin,  Machyn- 
lleth, Mallwyd,  Penegoes.  The  parishes  in  Montgo- 
meryshire still  remaining  in  the  mocese  of  St.  Asaph 
are  as  follows,  viz.,  Aberhafesp,  Bettws  in  Kedewen, 
Kerry,  Dolfor  St.  Paul,  Sam,  Llandysyl,  Llanllwchairn, 
Llanmerewig,  Moughtre,  Tregynon,  Garth  Beibio, 
Newtown,  Llanfair  Caereinion,  Castell  Caereinion, 
Llanerfyl,  Llangadfan,  Llangynw,  Llanllugan,  Llan- 
wyddelan,  Manafon,  Meifod,  Pont  Robert,  Pont 
Dolanog. 


122  EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WILLS 

In  the  following  lists  wills  are  also  given  from  the 

Earishes  of  Poole,  l^ennant,  Berriew,  Llandrinio,  Llanfi- 
angel  in  Gwnfa,  Llanrhaiadr,  Llanfyllin,  Llandysilio, 
Guilsfield,  etc. 

In  the  Registry  of  St.  Asaph  there  are  eight  volumes 
of  copies  of  wills,  *  all  of  them  apparently  contem- 
poraneous or  nearly  so,  viz.  : — 

YOL8. 

I.  Dated  on  back  1565  to  1568  with  wills  to  1578, 2  pt8.,paged  1  to  289 


u. 

II 

1569  „  1575 

99 

1576 

,1     1,1 290 

III. 

II 

1570  „  1583 

II 

1683 

„     1„361 

IV. 

1584  ,,1587 

II 

1590 

,,363  „  590 

V. 

1587  ,,1593 

II 

1619 

,1     1,1 372 

VI. 

1620  ,,1623 

II 

1623 

II     1  „  192 

VII. 

1637  ,,1642 

II 

1642 

VIII. 

1642,,  1669  (n 

ot  examined). 

In  addition  to  these  volumes  of  copies  there  are 
three  tall,  narrow  volumes  of  memoranda  of  transactions 
at  the  various  registration  offices,  Welshpool,  Llanelwy, 
Machynlleth,  etc.,  which  include  notes  of  probate, 
inventories,  settlements,  caveats,  orders  of  various 
kinds,  and  administrations.  These  are  well  worth 
examination,  and  appear  to  supplement  the  volumes 
of  copies,  in  addition  to  including  most  of  the  probate 
notes.  It  will  be  observed  that  the  gap  in  these  books 
is  nearly  identical  with  that  in  the  volumes  of  copies. 
Vol.  A,  1584  to  1593.  B,  1593  to  1602.  C,  1637  to 
1670.  A  very  large  number  of  Shropshire  wills  are 
given,  and  many  from  Oswestry,  Northop,  Whit  ting- 
ton,  Kinerley,  and  parishes  in  Salop  bordering  Mont- 
gomery, and  relating  to  landed  property  in  Montgo- 
meryshire. The  only  ancient  will  I  have  yet  come 
across  at  St.  Asaph,  imHtten  in  Welsh,  is  that  of  Hugo 
ap  John  of  Berewe,  vol.  i,  part  1,  fol.  39.  The  initial 
words,  "  In  the  name  of  God,  Amen",  are  in  English. 
A  few  wills  from  the  following  parishes  have,  I  think, 
been  overlooked : — Mallwyd,  Penegoes,  Bettws,  and 
Llandysilio.  There  is  often  great  difficulty  in  ascer- 
taining to  what  county  the  following  parisnes  named 


AT   ST.  ASAPH   REGISTRY.  123 

in  the  wills  belong,  viz.,  Llanfair,  Llansanffraid,  Llan- 
djsilio,  Llanrhaiadr,  and  Bettws.  Some  errors  may- 
have  crept  in  on  this  account.  The  date  of  pro- 
bate is  given  uY  the  copies  on  the  old  reckoning  from 
March  to  March.  Thus  it  may  happen  that  a  wul  may 
have  a  probate  date  appended  actually  earlier  than  the 
date  of  making.  Thus,  a  will  made  in  June  1570, 
might  be  given  as  proved  in  February  1570.  In  such 
cases  the  writer  has  usually  corrected  the  probate  date. 
The  writer  found  that  to  attempt  to  give  the  exact 
spelling  of  the  original  MS.  in  all  cases  would  entail 
much  labour  and  serve  no  good  purpose.  The  trans- 
scribing  clerks,  and  apparently  the  makers  of  the  wills 
also,  were  evidently  often  ignorant  of  the  proper  or  of 
any  fixed  mode  of  spelling  the  various  localities  and 
surnames.  Their  rendering  of  Welsh  names  of  places 
is  generally  simply  phonetic,  and  the  same  word  may 
occur  in  several  diflferent  modes  of  spelling  in  the  same 
will.  They  usually,  too,  make  use  of  contractions,  the 
signification  of  which  was  well  known.  The  ancient 
form  leu  n  occurs  exclusively  in  the  first  four  volumes. 
A  little  before  1600  Jevans  and  Evan  occur.  Evans 
as  a  surname  is  of  still  later  date.  In  these  lists,  unless 
otherwise  stated,  the  date  given  is  the  probate  date. 
The  writer  truste  these  lists  may  prove  of  service  to 
the  members  of  the  Powysland  Club,  including,  as  the 
wills  do,  a  mass  of  personal  history  of  a  very  early 
period  in  Montgomeryshire.  The  writer  desires  also 
to  acknowledge  the  kindness  and  courtesy  he  met  with 
at  the  hands  of  the  Registrar  and  his  deputy  at  St. 
Asaph. 

Vol.  I. — Copies  of  wills  dated  on  back  1565  to  1568.  The 
wills  given  in  this  volume  date  from  1565  to  1578.  The  book 
is  divided  into  two  parts^  indexed  separately.  Part  I,  paged  1 
to  152,  gives  wills  dating  up  to  1579 ;  and  Part  II,  paged  169 
to  289,  wills  dating  1576  to  1578.  The  index  of  Part  II  is 
dated  as  made  7  Nov.  1579.  In  this  volume  the  name  Evan 
is  always  given  "  leu'n",  except  in  two  or  three  margins  where 
it  has  been  inserted  at  a  later  date.  There  are  many  wills 
from  Northop,  Oswestry,  Whittington. 


124 


EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WILLS 


Vol.  I,  Part  1.— 1565  to  1570. 

Prored. 

Pol. 

Elizabeth,  v.  D'd  Lloyd  ap 

Griff  apReinald 
leu'nan  "Mvreke" 

3  Mar.  1565    ... 

4  Mar.  1566   ... 
17  May  1565  ... 

31  Jan.  1566  ... 
25  Feb.  1566  ... 

5  June  1567  ... 

20  May  1564  ... 
13  Oct.  1566  ... 
1666 

Poole  .* 

25 

Darowen    

^ex 

David  ap  John  ap  leu'n  ap 

Margaret  Lloyd,  v.  Owen 

David  ap  Howell  ap  Meredd.. 
Griffith  ap  Eeea  (Rioh'd  ?) 

Tudor 
Huffh  "Glove"  (1^    

34 

Zhex 

" 

52 

85 

Poole  

36 

Robert  an  leu^n  Bedo  

42 

Richard  ai)  Lewifl 

42 

Humphrey  apHarry.^,,,.,,...^ 

y  May  1567    ... 
26  Aug.  1566... 

20  Mar.  1565... 
26  May  1565  ... 

14  Mar.  1669... 
4  Feb.  1569    ... 

21  Sep.  1565  ... 
6  Jan.  1565    ... 
24  May  1568  ... 
18  Dec.  1564... 
21  Oct.  1664  ... 
31  July  1565... 
6  Jan.  1565    ... 
6  Jan.  1565    ... 
1564 

82 

Richard  ap  Howell  ap  Darbyn 
Richard  ap  Griffith   , , 

Llangadvan  

26 

37 

John  ap  Howell  ap  Ieu*n  ap 

Meredd 
William  an  John    

37 

135 

Richard  Winn  ("clerke")  ... 

leu'n  ap  David  ap  Bedo 

Roger  Jones   

149 

Tregynon  

28 

30 

Richard  ap  David  Lloyd     . . . 
Lewis  ap  Griffith  

107  ca? 

Kemmes 

29  ^d? 

Robert  ap  Griffith  ap  Gwilim 
Griffith  ap  Gwilim    

29 

36 

leu'n  ap  David  ap  Llwelyn... 
David  ap  leu'n  ap  Llwelyn... 
William  Matthew 

Manavon    

%Oex 

Guildfield 

31 

31 

Hugh  ap  Madoc 

20  July  1565... 
13  May  1566  ... 
1566    

" 

38 

Catherine,  v.  "  Alen  "  (?) 

Lowrie,  v.  Owen  (widow  of 

leu'n  Gwynne) 
Maurice  ap  leu'n  

'■ 

40 

40  ^a? 

16  July  1666... 
13  Nov.  1566... 
26  Aug.  1566... 

24  Oct.  1567  ... 
6  Feb.  1567    ... 

6  Mar.  1668   ... 

7  Oct.  1568    ... 
1565 

ilex 

Christopher  Mason    ,.... 

Thomas   ap   John   ap  leu'n 

Lloyd 
John  ap  Moris  ap  Llwelyn  ... 
William  ap  leu'n,   "  late  of 

Guildfield",  "husbandman" 
David  ap  William 



41 

90 

97  ex 

99 

William  Downe 

144 

Richard  ap  leu'n  ap  Owen   . . 
Richard  ap  John  ap  Owen  ... 
David  ap  Thomas 

'i2ex 

1565 

37 

17  May  1565  ... 
26  Feb.  1567  ... 
20  Mar.  1569... 
17  May  1565  ... 
2  May  1566    ... 
15  Feb.  1570  .;. 
25  June  1565... 

13  Feb.  1565  ... 
15  Sept.  1566... 
1565     

Machynlleth 

34 

Catherine,  v.  leu'n  Benwyn  .. 
leu'n  ap  Lewis  Bedo 

blex 

\b2ejc 

Lewis  an  Richard 

Llanorin ....'. 

3.'> 

leu'n  ap  Llwelyn  

42 

Maud,  V.  David  Lloyd  

Llandysyl  

Ubex 

John  ap  Gitten  Vychana'ls  ap 

Gryffith  Vychan 
Thomas  "Felkin"  (?)  

Llandrynio    

38 

Berriew 

39 

Owen  ap  Griffith  ap  Gwilim.. 
Hugh    ap  John  (written  in 
Welsh) 

39 
39 

AT  ST.  ASAPH   REGISTRY. 


125 


Proved. 

Fol. 

Thnmsut  "  "RnftlrfllAir  "     

20  July  1568... 
1666    

Berriew 

144 

Richard  ap  David  ap  YoUin.. 
"  Rafe"  (Randolph)  "  Woode" 
Catherine,  v.  David  

Tilandiflilio 

48 

25  Feb.  1566... 
27  Oct.  1667  ... 
7  May  1669  ... 
7  June  1669  ... 

16  Sept.  1569... 
20  Deo.  ^569  ... 

52 

91 

Llwelyn  ap  John  ap  Griffith.. 
Griflath    ap    Meredith 
"TaUour"(?) 

John  ap  Ieu*n  ap  Owen   

Thomas  Wiloocks 

Meifod    

111 

114 
124 

441 

Vol.  I,  Part  2.— Copies  of  Wills  dated  1576  to  1578, 
fols.  169  to  289. 


Richard  ap  leu'n  Gwyn 

Rich&id  an  Reinald 

15  June  1576... 

27  July  1676... 

16  July  1577... 
26  June  1578... 
23  June  1578... 
23  July  1576... 

14  June  1577... 
23  July  1576... 
14  July  1576... 
2  July  1576   ... 
1  Jan.  1577    ... 

16  May  1577  ... 
26  June  1578... 

13  July  1677... 
12  Aug.  1578... 
25  Sept.  1577... 
18  June  1577... 

18  June  1577... 
18  June  1577... 

14  Nov.  1577... 

16  June  1577... 

15  June  1677... 
15  Jan.  1578  .. 
1  May  1577    ... 
25  June  1578... 

28  Jan.  1578  ... 
15  Nov.  1578... 
15  Oct.  1577  ... 
30  April  1677... 
5  April  1578  ... 

Guilsfield  

177^0? 
189 

Ieu*n  ap  John  ap  leu'n    

Reinald  ap  David  ap  Griffith. 

Humphrey  ap  John ».... 

Robert  ap  leu'n  ap  David  ap 

Bedo 
William  Baxter 

227 

259 

284 

180 

229 

Griffith  an  Gwilim    

Darowen    

184 

Griffith  ap  David  ap  Lewis... 
Geoffry  ap  Llwelyn  ap  Griffith 
Robert     "Caughame,"      (?) 
"Gierke" 

David  ap  Morgan 

Jane  ^'Endropp,"  (?)  vid 

Lewis  ap  Griffith  ap  Moris  ... 
Griffith  Jones 

188 

Llandisilio  in  Deythur 

190 
203 

206 

289 

Castell  Caereinion   ... 
Llanirvn  w   

207  «» 
261 

Edivard  Adams 

216 

Hugh  ap  John  ap  Llwelyn  ap 

Griffith 
David  ap  Ieu*n  ap  Jenkin  ... 
John  ap  Llwelyn  ap  Griffith. 
John  ap  Owen  a'ls  Dervas  of 

Penryn  Vychan 
Richard  Atkinson 

Machynlleth 

221 

222 

" 

225 

Llandrynio    ....*x  »   .» 

223 

LI AnifaTiff raid    

229 

Gflnffrv  At.ki-nflon  

232 

David  Duckworth 

Myfod! .'.',.'.'." 

233 

John  ap  leu'n  ap  Gwynne  ... 
Robert  "Howst"  (?) 

248 

257 

Matthew  an  Lewis 

262 

Humphrey  ap  leu'n  Lloyd  ... 
David  an  Ieu*n  Gwvn  

" 

274 

Llanf air  Caereinion. . . 
Llanorin 

2.S5  AOi 

Robert  ap  leu'n  ap  Howell... 
Jonet,  V.  John    .' 

244 

Poole  

281 

Vol.  II. — Copies  of  wills  marked  on  back  1569  to  1575 ; 
290  fols.,  1  to  290.  The  index  is  dated  1570.  The  parishes 
are  often  not  given  in  the  marginal  dxtraets^  so  that  the  will 
has  to  be  perused  to  discover  this.  The  date  of  probate  is 
also  often  not  given  in  this  volume. 


126 


EARLY   MONTQOMERYSHIBE   WILLS 


leu'n  ap  Eeee  ap  Dio 


David  Lloyd  ap  John  ap  lea'n 
Gadd.  ap  Griff,  ap  Llwelyn 

Dolfar 

David  ap  Ieu*n  Vaaghan 

leu'n  Lloyd 

William  Parrock  

"Ddogy "  ( Dorothy  ?),  v.  leu'n 

al'a  Doddgy  Vydiau,  widow 
Thomas  ap  Robert  ap  len'n 
Robert  ap  John  Tudor  (?)  ... 

David  ap  leu'n,  clerk  

Evan  ap  hVn  ap  Howell 

leu'n  ap  David  

David  ap  Howell  ap  David... 

Harrie  ap  John  ap  Robert  ... 
Rich'd  ap  Morris  ap  Owen ... 

Roger  Hame  

John  ap  Owen   

Morris  ap  Howell 

Katherine,  v.  Owen  

Reynold  ap  Llwelyn  ap  Hugh 

John  ap  Owen   

John  ap  Owen  ap  Gwilym  ... 

leu^n  ap   David   ap  D'd  of 

Yaynor  issa 

Elene,  v.  Moris  

John  ap  David,  vir   

James  Swinnerton    

Howell  ap  Griff  ap  David  ap 

Madoo 

Thomas  ap  Hugh  

Margaret,  v.  David   

Hugh  ap  Howell  ap  David 

ap  Gitten 
Ed*d  ap  David,  "  clerk  person 

of  Llanvillinge  *' 

Eli2abeth,  v.  Edward   

"Raff  "  (Ralph  ?)  Glover  ... 

Ivor  ap  Llwelyn    

William  Een  (?)  ("  Rowe  "  in 

index) 

Margaret  Price 

John  ap  leu'n  Lloyd ' 

Gwen,    V.    Rynald,    vid.   of 

Roger  Piers 


Proved. 


9  May  1670. 
made  10  Mar. 

1669 
16  May  1669  .. 
14  Feb.  1677  .. 

5  July  1571    .. 
14  Sept.  1573.. 

6  June  1676  .. 
1670 


Jan. 
Aug. 
Oct. 


22  Sept.  1671... 

7  June  1671  ... 

5  July  1671  ... 
4  Mar.  1671  ... 
made   16  June 

1572 
made  15  June 

1672 
20  May  1673  ... 
4    July    1571 

(Poole) 
made    24 

1670 
made  27 

1569 
made    16 

1670 
4  July  1571    ... 

June  1672  

1  July  1670  ... 
made   31   Aug. 

1669 

6  June  1676  ... 

6  Deo.  1675  ... 
6  July  1576  ... 
28  April  1670... 

4  July  1572    ... 

6Julyl6T2    ... 

8  April  1574  ... 

9  May  1570    ... 

8  Jan.  1572    ... 

5  Oct.  1673 

made  27   Sept. 

1670 
made    18  June 

1670 
made     1    May 

1670 

1571 

1  June  1570  ... 
25  Oct.  1570  ... 


Llanrhaiadr 

Llangvn' 
Ttlanfihai 


juigelinGwnfa 


"Llandderfil" 

or 
Llanerfil    

»i  

n  

i»  

»»  

n  ••••' 

t»  ••••' 

"  Aberbechan" 
Berriew 

n         ........ 

jj         ■ 

»»  ' 

»»  ' 

«  

»»  ' 

»»  

>j         

„  ........ 

Llanbrynmair 

»» 

Llanfyllin 

»»         

»♦         

Newtown  

»♦  

»»  

»i  

Poole  


PoL 
6&6 


5 

7  ex 

96  ex 
136 
232 
9 

25 

68 

7Qex 
103  <?J? 
115 

115 

133 

$6  ex 

10&48 

50 

69 

9iex 
119 
151 
169 

234 

254 

288 

17 

110 

112 

201 
18 

52 

180 


91 

61 

109  f;c 
31 
96 


AT  ST.  ASAPH   REGISTRY. 


127 


Proved. 

Fol. 

Heynald  *p  Harry     

4  July  1672    ... 
made    5   June 

1670 
16  June  1674... 

6  May  1574    ... 

14  April  1670... 
4  Aug.  1571   ... 
6  Jan.  1574    ... 
made    2     Deo. 

1672 
4  July  1571    ... 
11  July  1671 ... 
made    17   July 

1669 
22  June  1873... 
16  July  1674... 
21  June  1672... 
16  June  1574... 

15  June  1574... 
4  June  1572  ... 
26  Jan.  1671  ... 
1572 

Poole  

114 

David  Evans ..,..t.«t.,t.. 

1^9  ex 

Margaret,  v.  Hugh,  vid,  of 

John  ap  (?) 
Tj^Mpifl  an  Ieu*n  flroch 

190 

218  ^« 

Margaret,  v.  Ll'n  ap  D'd 

Rowland  aD  Howell 

BettwB  (Gwerylgooh) 

Bettws    

Bettwsin  Kedewen... 
Aberharos 

33 
46 

Nicholas  an  David 

222 

RicKard  "Rftrfcon  the  elder    ... 

160  ^d; 

David  ap  John   ..^t.--,,t.,,,t--t 

74 

67 

Rees  ai)  Morris 

Manaf  on 

34 

David  ap  Ieu*n  

M       ••■ 

143 

Richard  HarffTflaves ............ 

215 

.TnliTi  flnrhetf. 

Llanf air  Gaereinion. . . 

38 

Rich^d  Griffith  a*ls  Jones 

188 

Morgan  Dewe 

215 

Ed'd  ap  David  ap  leu'n  Lloyd 
ThomaB  Swanne 

Llan^nfFraid 

39 

62 

Rocrer  Haslev 

„        in  Mechan 
„(GlynKeiniog) 
„        in  Mechan 

Guilfield .". 

114 

HoweU  ap  Adda 

8  May  1573    ... 
2  Sept.  1674  ... 

I  Mar.  1574    ... 

13  Dec.  1570  ... 

14  June  1571... 
27  Nov.  1571... 
6  Mar.  1572    ... 
26  Sept.  1672... 
12  Mar.  1673... 

II  July  1575... 
14  April  1575... 
11  June  1571... 
26  Feb.  1572  ... 
6  Nov.  1572   ... 

6  Nov.  1572    ... 
made    8    July 

1570 

7  July  1671    ... 
7  July  1571    ... 
26  Feb.  1571  ... 
Dated  20  Dec. 

1570 
16  Feb.  1672  ... 

4  July  1572    ... 

10  Deo.  1573  ... 

made    26    May 

1670 
30  Nov.  1671 ... 
22  June  1573... 
6  June  1676  ... 

133 

Robert  Meredith   

191 

John  ap  Griffith  ap  Owen  ... 
Hugh  ap  Rees  ap  John  Du  (?) 
Hufirh  an  Griffith  

194 
54 

58 

David  an  Griffith  

96 

Richard  Peate 

126 

Griffith  ap  Gwilim  ap  leu'n... 
Robert  Sanbrocke  (Slmbroke 

in  index) 
Humnhrev  Curbv  d").. 

127 

" 

176 

239 

Atmes  Mathers  rn 

239 

Maurice  ap  Rees  Wynne 

Morris  ap  Griffith  ap  Howell 
Huflrh  Jefferv 

Malloid  

59 

71 

124 

Griffith  ap  leu'n  ap  leu'n   ... 
Ieu*n  ap  David  ap  Owen 

Ieu*n  Groch  ap  David 

125 

Darowen 

60 

64  ex 

Thomas  ap  Griffith  ap  leu'n 

.Tnhn  AT)  Tjewifl    

67 

66 

HoweU  ap  Llwelyn 

82 

Thomas  Lewis,  "clerk  p'son 

of  Castell" 
David  Goch  ap  Richard  ap 

Hugh 
David  ap  John  ap  Ieu*n  ap 

Gyttin 
David    ap    Moris   Lloyd   ap 

leu'n 
Owen  ap  leu'n  ap  Griffith  ... 
Thomas  ap  Edward  

Castell  Caereinion    ... 
„               ...... 

»»               

Machynlleth 

78 
114 
164 

79 

117 

143 

John  Vaughan  ap  Jenkin    ... 

240 

128 


EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE    WILLS 


WUliam   Barhe   ("Bach"  in 

index),  (Birch?) 
Maud,  y.  David  vid.  of  Ll'n  ap 

Howell 
Thomas  ap  Howell  Griffith... 

John  Chidlow  (?)  

Harrie  Gapoll 

Iea*n  ap  David  ap  lea'n  

GeofFry  Penryn 

Mered'd  ap  John    

Griffith  ap  Morris  ap  David 
Blayney 

John  Fisher    

David  ap  Rees  ap  Griffith    ... 

William  ap  David 

Sibell,  V.  len'n  Bedo,  vid,   ... 

Catherine,  v.  Griffith    

Morris  Griffith,  a*l8  Blaynej, 

clerk 

RinaldapRees  

John  Lloyd 

len'n  Lloyd  ap  Griffith 

Rees  ap  David  ap  Gattin 

John  Harbart 

John  ap  David  ap  Llwelyn  ... 

len'n  ap  Meredith 

Elen  Darson   

John  ap  Griff  ap  len'n  ap 

Owen 

William  Redroppe 

David   Lloyd    ap    leu'n   ap 

Owen  of  Dolobran 
William  Page 


ProTed. 


26  April  1572.. . 

15  June  1574... 

26  April  1574... 
4  July  1571    ... 

11  Oct.  1576  ... 

12  June  1571... 
26  April  1572... 
made    22   Jan. 

1570 
made    24   Jan. 
1579 

16  June  1574... 
made    6    June 

1570 
6  July  1572   ... 

25  Nov.  1571... 

26  Feb.  1572  ... 
8  Sept.  1571   ... 


7  Dec.  1676 

1575 

9  June  1572  ... 
25  Feb.  1573  ... 
22  June  1674... 
4  July  1572  ... 
7  Aug.  1573  ... 
22  June  1573... 

10  Deo.  1673  ... 

16  June  1674... 

9  April  1676  ... 

10  Dec.  1673  ... 


Pol. 


Llandysilio. 


„         "inYalde" 

"Llanverhe"  

"Llanvergen"   

Llandrinio 


Pen^goes 


Llandyssil 


Kemmes. 


Llangadvan 
Meifod  


Tregynon 


79 
216  fd; 

223 

80 
253 

87  <a? 
104 
104 

90 

206 
109 


111 

U6ex 
172 


264 

273 

112 

148 

224 

114 

UOex 

143 

lb5em 

197 
274 

166 


Vol.  III.— Copies  of  Wills   dated   on   back   1570   to   1583; 
361  pages.     Index  dated  as  commenced  27  Jan.  1580. 


Hugh  ap  Llwelyn  ap  David 

ap  Tndor 
Owen  ap  Griffith  ap  Thomas . 
Lewis  ap  Morris,  olerk,  Vicar 

of  Meifod 

Bondnlph  Blacksha  we 

Cadd'r  ap  Griffith 

Richard  ap  Griffith  

Thomas  ap  Matthew  Bedo  ... 

John  Piers 

John  ap  John  Lloyd  "  tege"  (1) 
Griffith  ap  Hugh  ap  Madoc  of 

"  Tirymyne<i" 

Edward  ap  Bichard 

David  ap  Griffith  ap  Llwelyn 


1578 Meifod 


6  Jnnel679  ... 

16  Sept.  1679... 

4  Jnne  1580  ... 

17  May  1583  ... 
17  April  1580... 
27  April  1579... 
6  April  1579  ... 
22  Jnly  1579... 
15  Nov.  1679... 

9  Jnne  1680  ... 
6  Jnne  1580  ... 


Gnilfield., 


3 
19 

110 
217 
229  «j; 
4 

14 

41 

67 

89 
107 


AT  ST.  ASAPH   REGISTRY. 


129 


Owen  ap  Lewis 

Griffith  ap  Morris  ap  Llewelyn 

of"  Bi3miertii"  (?Broniarfch) 

Hmnphrej  ap  David 

Margaret,  v.  Owen  of  Grarth 

Cadd'r  ap  Howell 

Joone,  Y.  Howell  

Williainap  David 

ThoB.  ap  David  ap  Bees 

Binald  ap  Ithell 

Bobert  ap  Griffith 

William  Hongrave 

Bo^er  Dyfasson 

Hugh  ap  David  ap  Dio 

JohnCalvote 

Lewis  ap  Moris 

Gwen,  V.John 

Anne  Lloyd 

David  ap  John  ap  David  Goch 

JohnWilles 

Bobert  ap  Griffith 

Howellap  Edward 

Piers  W^tley 

Hugh  ap  Evan  

David  ap  John  ap  lea'n  ap 

David 

Griffith  ap  Hugh  

Bobert  ap  lea'n  ap  Howell... 

John  ap  lea'n  Lloyd 

Cadd'rapBeee  » 

Bhydderch  ap  David  ap  leu'n 

David  Goch  ap  Owen 

Jeffery  ap  Thomas 

Griffitii  ap  leu'n  ap  John 

Ed'd  ap  D'd  ap  John 

Howell  ap  Griffith 

Thomas  ap  Griffith  ap  '*  Ke- 

dwe"  (?)  ap  Jenkin 

John  ap  lea'n 

Thomas  ap  John  Lloyd    

David  Lloyd  ap   Bioh'd  ap 

D'd  ap  Yollin 

Katherine,  v.  David 

Meredith  ap  Ednyfed  

Gwilim  ap  Griff  ap  leu'n 

John  ap  leu'n  ap  David  ap 

Gwilim 

David  ap  John  ap  Hugh 

David  ap  Morris  ap  Bichard  . 
Gwen,  V.  lea'n  ap  Morris  D'd 

David  ap  Gronowe 

Morice  ap  Howell  ap  Gronowe 
David  ap  HoweU  ap  leu'n  ap 

Dio 

Griffith  ap  Bichard  

Griffith  Gk>di   ap  David  ap 

John  ap  Hugh 

VOL.  xni.  ~ 


Proved. 


23  April  1582... 
U  April  1581... 

22  June  1581... 

1582  (?)  

U  June  1579... 

14  July  1579  .., 

15  April  1579... 
6  July  1581  ... 
14  Sept.  1581... 

1684 

28  April  1579... 

24  June  1581... 
6  Jan.  1580  ... 
5  June  1579  ... 
26  April  1580... 

23  May  1581  ... 
5  June  1579  ... 
1  June  1579  ... 
17  Oct.  1583  ... 

8  Nov.  1582  ... 
5  May  1584     ... 

9  June  1580  ... 
8  Nov.  1582  ... 
20  May  1579  ... 


6  May  1578 

23  June  1581... 

1  Dec.  1580    ... 
23  July  1579... 

22  July  1679... 
523  July  1679... 

-5  Jan.  1580 

14  June  1581... 
17  Feb.  1583  ... 

6  May  1582 

6  June  1583  ... 

6  May  1582    ... 

2  Aug.  1580  ... 

14  July  1681 ... 

15  Nov.  1679... 

4  June  1580  ... 

23  July  1582... 
28  April  1579  . 

26  July  1578. 
12  Dec.  1581  . 
6  Deo.  1582    . 

5  Dec.  1578    . 

5  July  1683   . 

6  April  1579  . 

6  July  1680  . 
26  April  1581 


Guilfield.. 


Bettws  in  Kedewen... 

Bettws  Gweryl  Goch 

»» 

Llanllwchaim 

>»  

Llanfyllin 

»»  

« 

Llanaanff'd  in  Mechen 


„     GlynKeiniog 
Llanymynech  , 

»»  

Poole  

»»      

M  •••• 

1>  

Llandrinio 

Kemmes     

Llandisilio    

»»  

»  

»t  

Llandisilio  in  Deuthur 


in  Yalde, 
Denbighshire 


Darowen  

»  

»»  

Llanerfyl  

»j  

>»  

»  ••- 

Llandderfyl  

>»  

Llanfihangel         "  in 
Gwnfa" 


Fol. 


126 
241?  00; 

290? 

313  0« 

8 

11 

23 
172 
188 
321 
9 
144 

12 

24 

84 
178 

22 

16 
216 
343 
286 
203 
293 

IS 

69 
166 
177  ear 

25 

SOe» 

42 

35 
169 
261 
295 
357 

308 
182 

238 

40 
118 
225 

43 

63 
261 
272 

70 
315 

56007 

94 

156 


K 


130 


EARLY  MONTGOMEEYSHIRE  WILLS 


Robert  ap  Madoo 


Thomas  CMlde  

JobnTnmer  

Marifaret  Gyttyns 

Thomae  ap  Kidi'd  ap  Howell 

William  Moris  the  elder 

Rofer  Hodsome 

Thomas  "Syere"    

Lewis  ap  len^n  Lloyd  

len'n  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Jenkin. 

Morgan  Thomas  Barl&er  

JohnMorice   

John  Griff  David  ap  Robert... 
Ricb*d  ap  len^n  ap  Howell ... 

John  Bedo  G^Ksh 

Oliver  ap  John  ap  Jenkin  ... 
Thomas  ap  D'd  ap  len'n  ap 

Dackyn 

"ElUce  Pries"    

Robert  Powell,  al's  Blayney  . 

Richard  ap  "Exigh. 

Griffith  ap  leu'n  ap  John 

JohnWoode    

Rees  ap   Dio   ap   Madoc  of 

"Kelveig"(?) 
Thomas  ap  Howell    


Proved. 


12  April  1678 

15  Nov.  1579 .. 
10  May  1682  .. 
24  Jnly  1582 .. 
15  Dec.  1579  .. 
Ifarohl580  .. 
28  June  1881.. 
24  June  1680.. 
8  Jnne  1580  .. 
8  June  1580  .. 
8  May  1579  .. 
5  Jnne  1583  .. 
5  Jnne  1583  .. 
5  Jnne  1583  .. 
22  June  1581.. 
12  Deo.  1581  .. 
21  Jone  1683.. 


5  May  1581 

26  April  1579 

6  Jnne  1583  .. 

4  May  1582    .. 

5  Jnne  1583  .. 
5  May  1582    ., 

23  Deo.  1582  .. 


Llanfihangel     '*  Glyn 
Myfer^ 
Newtown  


Garthbeibio 
Tregynon  ... 


Aberharos.... 
Machynlleth . 


Castell  Gaereinion 


Malloid  , 
Berriew  , 


Llangadfan   , 

Llanbrynmair  

Llanfair  Caireinion.. 


Pennant. 


Fol. 


60 

59 
308 
312 

75 
114 
198 
181 

83  ^r 
132  fa? 
170 
301 
306 
Si6er 
138 
184 
352 

235 
103 
324 
273 
300 
346(?) 

354 


Vol.  IV.— Copies  of  WiDs,  marked  on  back  1584  to  1587, 
but  with  wills  to  1590. 


David  an  Hnirh 

6  Jan.  1583    ... 

26  Feb,  1687  ... 
9  May  1581    ... 

15  Nov.  1685... 

16  Jan.  1687  ... 

16  Jan.  1590  ... 

8  Oct.  1590 

4  Jan.  1589    ... 
Jnly  1584  

17  Jnly  1682... 
17  Jnne  1587... 

9  Jnne  1586  ... 

27  Feb.  1587  ... 

April  1584 

dated  24  July 

1584 

9  Nov.  1687   .,. 
25  Jan.  1583  ... 

5  Jnne  1588  ... 

10  Jnne  1583... 
10  Jan.  1683... 

28  Jnly  1587... 
3  April  1690  ... 
9  Oct  1682 

"Berewe" 

393 

Dft-vi/l  An  Tati^ti  hir 

456 

Howell  ap  Owen  ap  Bees 

Owen  ap  len'n  hir  C  heere") 
Thomas  Grifflthft   ......r. 

570 

406 

430 

Owen  ap  David  ap  Owen 

David  ap  len'n  ap  Eadd  

David  ap  David  ap  Owen 

William  Holland  

448 

"Pola"   

458 

"Poole" 

549 

"Pola"  

581  ex 

G^rge  Pires  

378 

Owen  ap  len'nap  Howell 

Hnmphrey  ap  Llewelyn  

David  Lloid  ap  John  ap  len'n 
Thomas  Freen  (?)  ............... 

»i       •••• 

447 

"Mivott"  

514 

539  ex 

Nova  Villa ! 

491 

Matthew  ap  Meredith  

371^4* 

384 

Owen  an  Moris  Gethin 

441 

David  ap  Bees  ap  Meredith ... 
Lewis  an  Harrv 

Penesroes    

459 

471 

Owen  IHkvid  Bannor 

520 

435 

David  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Howell 
David  ap  Bees  ap  Llewelyn... 
Bichard  ap  Ien*n  ap  Howell . . 
David  (»p  John  ap  Llewelyn 
ap  Griffith  

LlftTiorin. 

403 

Newtowne 

450 

Machynlleth 

477 

520^0; 

AT  ST.  ASAPH   RE6T8TSY. 


131 


Proved. 

Fol. 

David  ap  John  ap  William  ... 
Owen  ap  Bees  ap  Gwilim    ... 
Owen  Jonee  (longest  will  in 

book) 
Owen  ap  Howell  Goch 

1686 

Machynlleth 

644 

6  Feb.  1587    ... 
6  Sept.  1582  ... 

25  Oct.  1582  ... 
2  April  1690  ... 
4  Nov.  1687   ... 
9  June  1686  ... 
28  Feb.  1687  ... 

14  Feb.  1691  ... 

21  May  1689  ... 

22  Aug.  1591... 
4  July  1687,  of 

Tyr-y-Mynech 
9  Deo.  1683    ... 
9  May  1682    ... 
1586 

436 

437  «dr 

443 

Bicbard  ap  leu'n  ap  Hugh  ... 

Griffith  ap  Hugh  

Ttbil  ftriffitV.T   .....    . 

*f          ............ 

Darowen    

479 

610 

424 

Richard  ap  Griffith  ap  Mere- 
dith   

489 

Oadwaladr  ap  Howell  

661  eoc 

Tti^hftTd  Pflrffl 

674 

Roger  ap  David  ap  Griffith... 
ThomAA  Gittyns 

"GildefPeeld"    

495 

622 

David  ap  Moris  ap  David 

636 

" 

566 

John  ap  Hugh  Lloid. ........... 

«              

673 

Robert  apReinallt. 

9  Feb.  1684    ... 
20  Nov.  1684... 
26  July  1684... 
31  May  1687  ... 

30  May  1687... 
26  May  1691  ... 
7  Deo.  1585    ... 

31  May  1589  ... 
26  Deo.  1691  ... 

28  Jan.  1691  ... 
1  Deo.  1690    ... 
July  1584  

10  Nov.  1584... 
1687 

11  Nov.  1684... 

677 

Oliver  ap  Richard  Lloid  

Owen  ap  Ieu*n  ap  MoriB  

David  ap  Moris  Richard  

Moris  ap  Richard  

432  ex 

446  ^af 

Bettws    

625 

668 

David  an  leu'n  Bannor 

Llangynw 

Kemmes.. 

526 

David  ap  Llewelyn  ap  David 
Thomas  ap  Rogftr 

531 
554 

Lewis  ap  leu  *n 

,.           [chen 
TjMffvnon  

h^Zem 

Llevelyn  ap  Ieu*n  ap  John  ... 
WiD^ftni  T/«i»    

383 
669 

Humphrev  ap  Ieu*n  Goch 

Evan  ap  Richard  

Llandrinio...... ......... 

hllex 

Llanfair  Caereinion... 
Llandvsil   ............... 

373  «ar 

372 

Edward  Haberley 

417 

Hugh  ap  Hugh 

418 

Vol.  v.— Copies  of  Wills,  marked  on  back  1587  to  1593, 
but  includes  wills  proved  from  1583  to  1619.  On  fly-leaf  is 
written,  "  Liber  quibus  index  alphabeticus  raptus  fait,  8  Jan. 
1606."— 372  folios. 

Richard  ap  Iea*n  ap  Morice  6  Feb.  1601    ...   Beiewe 

John  ap  Griffith  ap  Owen   ...  3  May  1619    ...   Brithdir  Berewe 

Edward  ap  Reee  Gyttyn  IJan.  1691    ...   Llandyssil . 

William  ap  Hnir^ 9  Nov.  1687   ...    Llandisilio 

John  ap  Humphrey  apLl'nap  10  Nov.  1688., 
Gwyn  Lloid 

Elizabeth,  v.  John,  vH 9  May  1692    ...    Poole 

John  ap  Iea*n  Gh>ch 5  June  1688  .. 

Alice  Poole     10  Deo.  1606  .. 

Oliver  ap  David 3  April  1619  .. 

Katherine,  v.  John   3  April  1619 .. 

Evan  ap  David  ap  Gwilim  ...  4  Nov.  1687  .. 

levanap  levan  6  Jnne  1590  .. 

levan  ap  Matthew 16  Jnne  1690.  ^ 

John  David  ap  Griffith    8  Sept.  1599  .. 

Bobert  Lewis 21  Jan.  1618  .. 

William  Sydlow    8  Jnne  1696  ...    Meifod 


"  Tyddyn  Preed'Toole 

Poole  

Lhmgadvan  


368 

13 

24 
231 

32 
221  ^« 
308 
364 
365 

34 

h^ex 

63 
123 
361 

46 


k2 


132 


EAELY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WILLS 


Proved. 

Pol. 

levan  ap  Meredydd  ap  David 
John  ap  Thomas  ap  Engion... 
HumDhrev  an  Ieu*n 

16  July  1597... 
20  Jan.  1583... 

11  July  1597... 

17  Feb.  1591  ... 
16  July  1593.. . 
1  July  1613   ... 

7  June  1597  ... 
9  Nov.  1587  ... 

22  July  1584... 
14  Jan.  1586  ... 
25  May  1597  ... 
6  July  1597    ... 

6  Deo.  1596    ... 
9  Nov.  1587   ... 
14  Aug.  1600... 

23  Feb.  1618  ... 

8  June  1592  ... 

12  July  1589... 

27  May  1606... 

9  Dec.  1618    ... 
1  July  1595   ... 

24  Oct.  1601  ... 

5  Oct.  1592 

10  Sept.  1612... 
22  May  1609  ... 

20  Jan.  1618  ... 

22  Oct.  1618  ... 
3  Nov.  1618   ... 
9  May  1619    ... 
3  July  1688    ... 
18 Feb.  1583  ... 

13  July  1589... 

21  July  1605... 
16  May  1584... 
1  Feb.  1595   ... 
3  Nov.  1606  ... 

7  Feb.  1600  ... 

6  June  1602  ... 

23  May  1599... 

9  Nov.  1687  ... 

8  Mar.  1604  ... 

28  Nov.  1587... 

22  Mar.  1598... 
5  May  1605  ... 
13  Jan.  1690... 
19  Sept.  1605... 
made  14   Nov. 

1604 
27  May  1606... 

10  Dec.  1618... 

Meifod    

57  ex 

83 

102  ex 

David  aT>  ThomAA 

"Peniarth"Meifod... 
Meifod   

111 

John  ap  Reinallt  

160 

William  Lloyd  ap  John  ap 

leu'n  ap  Owen 
levan  ap  Thomas  Griffith    ... 
Ellen,  v.  Howell  ap  Owen  ... 

John  ap  leu'n  ap  Moris   

Elizabeth  Bryes,  vid 

320 

Llanrhiadr... 

Llanbrynmair  .,...,.., 

49 
49  ex 

82  ex 

108 

Edward  ap  Moris  ap  leu'n  ... 
William  ap  John  ap  leu'n  ... 
'RdTniind  an  Richard 

"Gildfeeld"  

50  ex 

52  ex 

61 

John  ap  David  ap  Thomas  ... 
John  ap  Richard  ap  leu  n  ap 

John 
Anne.  v.  Richard  

248 

273  ex 

357 

Edward  ap  David  ap  Llewelyn 
levan  ap  Thomas  .........   r.-r 

Llansanffraid 

56 

60 

John  Wynne 

313 

Hugfh  ftp  Owen  .........rtT-TT... 

347 

levan  anHuirhe. 

Llanfair  Gaereinion. . . 

»»                          »» 
«                          »» 

'^Eeiigresson"  " 

63 

leu'n  ap  David  ap  leu'n 

John  ap  leu'n  ap  David  ap 

Gyttyn 
leu'n  ap  David  ap  Llewelyn  . 
WilliftTH  Fftyliftfle    

129  ex 
193  ex 

299  ex 
322 

Morgan  David  ap  Llewelyn.. . 

David  ap  Reynold 

John  ap  Edward 

328 
338 
338 

David  ap  Meredith    

343 

David  ap  Richard 

FiV»^Ti  ftp  Hugh  ......x...a,.»w.. 

365 

»»            ......... 

BettwB   

69 

John  Wyn  ap  David  ap  Rees 
Edward  Ley   

96 

107 

leu'n  ap  David  ap  Meredith. . . 
John  ap  Rhydderoh 

293 

"Garthhibio"  

89 

John  ap  Howell  ap  Rees 

David  ap  leu'n 

Machvnlleth 

91 

314  ex 

Richard  ap  Howell  

129 

Griffith  ap  Rees  Redo  

152 

James  Baxter 

TreflTvnon  

196 

John     Burke     ("Barriok"- 

"Berke"-"Buirke") 
Oharlefl  ap  Richard  

**'*'o^**^**   

219 

312 

John   Lewis  ap  Howell  ap 
Meredith 

Rytheroh  ap  Howell 

Ellis  ap  Llewelyn 

John  ap  Rees  ap  Fidnyfed  ... 
Robert  ap  leu'n 

"Malloid" 

255 

284 

»»             *••• •• 

301 

^      »»            

Penegoee    

197 

Llanllugan 

292  ex 

Caddr.  ap  David 

"Llanfillinjr"    

311 

David  ap  leu'n  ap  Moris 

Anne,  v.  Evan,  widow  of  W'm 
ap  Robert 

313  ex 
342 

AT  ST.  ASAPH   REGISTRY. 


133 


Lowxy,  V.  Bees,  widow 

David   ap   John  ap  Howell 

Vaughan 
Gadr.  ap  David   ap   Bobert 

Lloyd 
Bvanap  David  


Proved. 


9  Dec.  1618 
6  Deo.  r618... 


3  Oct.  1618.. 

4  Mar.  1604 


**LIanfilling" 

Llanfihangel 


"Caetle" 


Fol. 


347 
340 

346 

302  ea; 


Vol.  VI. — Copies  of  Wills,  small  folio,  marked  on  back 
1620  to  1626.— 192  pagea 


TTnm'nlirfrv  Tilnid    

28  AprU  1620... 
27  Feb.  1622  ... 

May  1620   

15  Sept.  1621... 

11  June  1620... 

12  July  1620... 

30  Nov.  1621 ... 

21  Mar.  1621 ... 
12  June  1620... 

12  June  1620... 
12  June  1620... 

12  June  1620... 

22  Mar.  1621  ... 
dated  9  Ap.  1621 

23  Jan.  1622  ... 
27  Feb.  1622  ... 

13  June,  1620... 

Aug.  1620 

2  Nov.  1620   ... 
22  Mar.  1621  ... 

27  Feb.  1622  ... 

13  June  1620... 

22  June  1620... 
17  Nov.  1620... 

July  1621   

6  Aug.  1621  ... 

21  Aug.  1621... 

14  Oct.  1621  ... 

31  Jan.  1622  ... 
13  Feb.  1622  ... 

Wills^  markec 

28  Feb.  1638  ... 
10  Oct.  1638  ... 

23  Mar.  1639... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
19  Oct.  1638  ... 
19  Oct.  1638  ... 

28  Feb.  1638  ... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 

Llanfair  Gaereinion... 
T.lnTifYni'ii 

Sex 

l^'chard  Barkley   ..,rT   TnT,tT-T 

164 

Griffith  Galoott 

9 

Caddr.  ap  Howell 

124 

labourer 
Thomafl  Wi  ttiPirhaTn  r , . . ,  T  T . . .  T  T 

Poole" ;:::::::::" 

28 

29 

Humphrey  Parry  

139 

Owen  Jonee  of  (Jyngrog  f awr 
David  ap  Evan  of  Ryfnaut, 
Montgomery 

Joyce,  V.  Owen,  spinster 

Morcran  Owen..........ri.T........ 

87ej; 

LUTldlPi'llO 

2ex 

"Gylffild" 

30 

82 

John  Glare,  "yeoman" 

Myfod  ....!!!'.!!...!..!! 

33 

Joyce  Glare,  widow  

88 

Roger  ap  John   r, -.--.. 

129 

Margaret  Haselhurst    

150 

Evan  ap  John  ap  Owen   

Gatherine  Raphe,  widow 

165  ex 

Berriew  

85 

Gatherine  Oliver   

53  ex 

Bees  ap  Edward  of  Brithdir 

63 

Ed.  Baxter  (very  long  will) 

" 

91 

Elizabeth,  v.  leu'n 

176  ex 

levan  David  ap  John,  '*  gent" 
David  ap  Moris 

of^Himant"   

36  ac 

42 

Biohard  Moris  of  "Arth"... 

Aberharoft 

67  ex 

Evan  ap  Bon  ap  Ieu*n  ap  Owen 

Garthheibio  

113  ex 

Boger  Griffithes  of  Gktyer,  co. 
Mont.,  gent. 

Gastell  Gaereinion    ... 

Tl"          J             " 

1  ilan  mui  vATi 

116 
116 

John  'Rvan*..,,.-,Ttr..,.r.,.»rr-.,. 

140  ex 

Bichard  Derwasof  Penroe... 

Llandrinio 

152 

Rng^r   Jn^e"    a*    M^mhTiant., 

^^Llanothin"  ... 

163 

gent. 

Vol.  Vil.— Copies  of 
Bobert  **  Ffox  "  yeom. 

on  back  1637  to  1 

Llandyssil .^ 

642. 
16 

Bichaid  Edward    

120 

Richard  MorriR  ,..-- 

158 

John  aT>  Humnhrev  „.rrT-T.,TT 

Llanfihangel  in  Gwnf a 
>i                   »» 
It                   1* 

Meifod 

17 

Jnb-n  MnrHii  an  Hnorh  

18 

niinLhAf.li .  v.  JohnT..TT,T-rTTT,»T 

124 

Humphrey   ap   John    David 

Gochof  Varth 
Bichard  Redoes 

157 
19 

Griffith  ap  Hugh   

21 

134 


EARLY   MONTGOMERySHIRE  WILLS 


Pvovod. 

Pol. 

LewisapWilliamof  Peniarfche 
HnimiliTev  an  Thomas 

23  Jnne  1638... 
23  Jnne  1638... 
11  Jnly  1638... 

23  Mar.  1639... 

24  Mar.  1639  ... 
23  Mar.  1639... 
6  May  1639    ... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
23  Mar.  1639... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
28  Feb.  1638  ... 
4  May  1638    ... 

31  Ang.  1638... 
23  Mar.  1639 ... 
23  Mar.  1639... 
2  Mar.  1638   ... 

2  Mar.  1638    ... 

3  April  1638  ... 
9  Nov.  1638   ... 

28  Mar.  1639... 
23  Mar.  1639... 
23  Mar.  1639... 

27  Nov.  1638... 

Meifod   ^ 

^Tiilflftflld,      ,  ,.    

99 
22 

OftthftTniift.  V.  Edmnnd  .,.T.,,r, 

104 

ThomAA  Wvnne 

" 

154 

Oliver  an  Hnflrh 

16Q 

Riohard  an  David  ^.»,.TT--T»-r-- 

162 

TTnTn-nhrftv  Harrififl    

176 

Rich'd  ap  David  ap  Griffith... 
Evan  David  ap  Evan  ap  Rees 
Moris  ap  Oliver 

21 

"Tilftiiyrflll"". 

22 

157 

Joyce  Jones,  widow  

Berriew 

23 

Oharl«i  Powell ., 

23 

John    ftp    HeeB     -^r,,,r^,,w.r^r—r--- 

25 

Bvans   ap    Howell    of    Tre- 

Llewelyn 
John  Moris  ,.,, ^,^.^ 

Q7  em 

111 

Morris  ap  Richard     ............ 

154 

Caddr.  an  Hoflrh 

Rofirer  David  

Llandysilio    

32 

David  ap  Jenkin    

"T.VnfylliTig" , 

38 

Griffith  Brasier 

"Poole"....." 

49 

Eliz.,    V.    David    ap    Owen, 

spinster 
Rowland  Llovd 

129 

Machynlleth 

166 

WillifiTfl  "Tnrnnr"    . 

Newtown  

159 

"Rich'd  Prise"  of  "Llaney- 

thion" 
Raaa  Arthur ,T- 

BettwB  in  Eedewen... 

153 
131 

This  volume  notfirmhtd. — H,L,S. 


Early  Montgomeryshire  Wills  at  Bangor 
Registry. 

Some  extracts  from  early  Montgomery  wills  at  this 
registry  were  given  in  Mont  Coll.,  vol.  xvi,  p.  302. 
These  extracts  were  taken  from  actual  perusal  of 
the  original  wills.  The  following  entries  occur  in  the 
calendar,  but  the  wills  given  in  the  calendar  are  not 
always  found  in  the  bundles  of  originals,  nor  are  all  the 
wills  in  the  bundles  indexed  in  the  calendar.  The  earliest 
calendar  gives  an  index  of  wills  commencing  in  1635 
and  terminating  in  1699  inclusive.  It  appears  to  have 
been  made  or  bound  up  subsequent  to  1806,  as  papers 
bearing  that  date  form  part  of  the  cover.  There  are  no 
copies  of  wills  at  Bangor  before  1851,  but  there  are 
wills  corresponding  with  the  calendai-s  to  that  date. 


AT  BANGOR   REGISTRY. 


135 


At  Bangor,  as  at  most  of  our  old  registries,  CromwelFs 
cavalry  are  credited  with  the  destruction  of  most  of 
the  ancient  records.  The  wills  and  other  records  were, 
however,  up  to  1851,  kept  in  the  Cathedral  in  a  damp 
place,  and  suffered  accordingly.  The  Deanery  of 
Arwstli,  in  dio.  Bangor,  includes  the  following  parishes 
in  Montgomery  : — Llanidloes,  Llandinam,  Llanwnog, 
Canio,  Trefeglwys,  Penstrowed,  and  Llangurig.  That 
of  CyfeUiog  includes  Cemaes,  Darowen,  Lxanbryumair, 
Llanwrin,  Mallwyd,  Machynlleth,  Dylife,  Llanymaw- 
ddwy,  and  Penegoes. 

In  the  Diocesan  Registry  there  are  few  manuscripts 
which  have  escaped  the  fire  and  which  give  the  **  Acta 
capituli" — subscriptions  and  collations,  etc.,  as  far 
back  as  1540.  There  are  also  contemporary  copies  of 
leases  of  diocesan  property ;  some  in  Montgomeryshire, 
but  mostly  in  the  Manor  of  Gogarth,  and  dating  back 
into  the  seventeenth  century. 

A  list  of  the  Bishops  of  Bangor  is  endorsed  upon  the 
back  of  one  parchment  MS.  A  few  entries  outside 
Montgomeryshire  are  included  in  the  following  list : — 


Extracts  from  Calendar  1639  to  1699. 


1635. 


1636. 


John  Lewis 
£liz.  y.  £yan  ap  John 
Hugo  ap  Owen  Tudyr 
David  ap  John  ap  Evan 
Thos.  ap  John  ap  Richard 
Evani  David 
John  Lewis 
Thos.  Morris 
I. 

David  ap  Hugh      . 
Kich'd  ap  Evan  Lloyd 
Thos.  Jones 
Ed.  ap  Cadwaladr 
Lewis  Evans 

Kich'd  ap  Howell  ap  Owen 
Lewis  Griffith 


1637. 


Evan  Prowdley 
Robert  Foulkes 


Trefeglwys 
.     CyfFeilliog 
Llantrisaint 
Llanwnda 
.     Olynnog 
Llandwrog 
Llanidloes 
.     Pentraeth 

Admin.     Clynnog 
Llanidloes 
Llandymog 
Llandegvan 
Llanwnog 
Camo 
Derwen 

.     Penstrowed 
Llangynys 


136 


EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WILLS 


1637. 


1638. 


1641 


1642. 


1643. 


1644. 


1645. 


1646 


1647. 


Evan  Rees  of  Carneth 

Llanddinam 

Maurice  ap  Evan  ap  John 

99 

Thomas  ap  Rees    . 

,    CyflFeilliog 

Hugo  ad  Rees  ap  W*m 

.     Pentraeth 

Robert  Thompson 

.     Llangynys 

Roger  GriflBth 

>» 

Morgan  Herbert    . 

Llanidloes 

Elizabeth  Lewis    . 

*                         99 

Rich'd  Beedle 

»> 

Francis  Lloyd 

f> 

Robert  Evans 

Bettwnog 

Lowrie,  v.  Rees     . 

Thomas  Newel 

91 

Maurice  ap  Evan  ap  John     . 

» 

John  ap  Robert  ap  Evan 

.     Derwen 

Wm  ap  Evan  Lloyd 

f> 

Mai^aret  ap  Edward 

.     GyflFeilliog 

Margaret,  v.  John 

>» 

Marsley  ap  W'm  Morgan 

Clynnog 

W'm  Pritchard      . 

TJaiitrisant 

David  ap  David 

Camo 

Morgan  ap  Harry . 

Llanwnda 

Catherine,  v.  John  Lewis 

» 

1. 
Owen  ap  Richard  . 

Clynnog 

William  Jeffiies    . 

Pentir 

Nicolas  David 

Llanddinam 

Richard  Price        .       "         . 

Gyffeilliog 

Jonet,  V.  John  Griffith 

.     Pentir 

Wm  Jones 

Pentraeth 

Owen  Thomas 

Tilanwnog 

John  Griffith 

Clynnog 

Jane,  v.  Richard   . 

Llandisilio 

John  Richard 

Trefeglwys 

John  Owen,  gent. . 

Llanwnog 

David  Morgan 

Llanidloes 

David  Morgan 

Trefeglwys 

There  are  no  wills  remaining  for  the  years  1639  and 
1640,  nor  for  1649  to  1659  inclusive. 


at  hereford  registry.  137 

Early  Montgomeryshire  Wills  at  Hereford 
Kegistry. 

Of  the  collections  of  early  Montgomery  wills  at  the 
three  Probate  Kegistries  of  Bangor,  St,  Asaph,  and 
Hereford,  that  at  Hereford  is  by  far  the  most  valuable. 
Bangor,  commencing  so  late  as  1635,  and  with  large 
gaps,  has  but  very  few  originals  prior  to  1 660,  and  no 
copies  prior  to  1850.  St.  Asaph,  with  well-preserved 
but  imperfectly  indexed  copies^  dating  as  far  back  as 
1565,  has  scarcely  any  originals  prior  to  1660.  Here- 
ford, on  the  other  hand,  has  originals  only  from  1540 
'(and  a  few  earlier),  with  calendars  for  the  same  period, 
the  copies  commencing  in  1660.  These  early  wills  at 
Hereford  prior  to  1600  are,  however,  at  present  a 
closed  page  to  the  antiquarian,  as  they  are  in  such  a 
decayed  and  frail  state  as  to  be  unfit  to  handle,  and 
are  not  allowed  to  be  produced  for  any  purpose  what- 
ever. Some  antiquarian  society  might  fairly  step  in 
here,  and,  under  sanction  of  Sir  James  Hannen,  examine 
and  index  and  take  abstracts  of  these  old  documents, 
with  names  of  persons  and  places,  which  would  render 
further  reference  to  them  unnecessary.  There  are  some 
thirty  bundles  or  files  of  these  wills  dating  prior  to  1600, 
and  which  are  all  that  represent  over  8,000  wills  given 
in  the  calendars  for  those  years.  Between  1 600  and 
1660  the  calendars  give  a  further  8,000  or  more.  The 
calendars  give  also  contemporary  lists  of  inventories, 
but  these  are  not  kept  separately,  and  unless  found 
with  the  wills,  may  be  considered  as  lost.  The  calendars 
consist  of  two  volimies,  the  first  going  down  to  1627, 
and  the  second  to  1663.  There  is  nothing  to  positively 
show  when  these  calendars  were  made,  but  the  early 
part  was  probably  written  about  1599,  when  a  change 
occurs  in  the  handwriting.  This  is  confirmed  by  the 
fact  that  the  inventories  for  1599  to  1663  were  cata- 
logued afresh  in  1688.  Since  the  year  1660  the  copies 
are  continuous  and  contemporaneous.  About  twenty 
years  ago  all  the  wills  for  this  latter  period  were  care- 


138  EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WILLS 

fully  classified  in  lists,  giving  the  surnames  in  alpha- 
betical order,  with  dates,  locality,  executors,  etc.,  added. 
In  the  second  volume  of  the  old  calendar  an  interesting 
note  appears  which  deserves  insertion  in  full. 

'^Memorandum, — That  I  Griffith  Reignolds  Batchelor  of 
Lawes  and  Principall  Begister  of  the  Bight  Beverend  Ffather 
in  God  Herbert  by  Divine  permission  Lord  Bishopp  of  Here- 
ford bom  at  Ludlow  in  the  County  of  Salop  and  Diocess  of 
Hereford  at  the  time  of  my  admission  to  the  office  of  Registrar 
which  was  the  Sixth  Day  of  May  1676  did  find  most  of  the 
Books  Wills  and  Records  then  remaining  in  the  Registry  in  a 
very  loose  rude  and  confused  manner  without  any  Order  Rule 
or  Method  soe  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  meet  with  any 
of  them  after  long  and  troublesome  Searches  which  did  tend 
to  the  Dammage  of  severall  persons  and  caused  diverse  to 
complaine  thereof.  Whereupon  I  the  said  Griffith  Reignolds 
made  a  diligent  Enquiry  how  the  said  Office  and  Records  came 
to  be  in  such  a  sad  condition  and  was  fully  satisfied  that  the 
late  and  unhappy  civill  warrs  and  the  remissness  of  my  Pre- 
decessors in  and  since  that  time  were  the  principall  causes 
thereof.  And  afterwards  I  the  said  Griffith  Reignolds  did 
carefully  inspect  and  examine  all  the  said  Wills  Bookes  and 
Records  and  especially  the  Wills  in  the  before  written  calenders 
mentioned  and  reduced  them  into  such  an  Order  as  they  may 
easily  be  found.  And  did  likewise  examine  and  compare  the 
said  Wills  and  Calandars  and  marked  all  the  wills  that  I  found 

with  a  dash  of  the  Pen  thus  ( )  before  or  after  every  name 

in  the  said  Calendars^  and  all  such  as  are  not  soe  marked  were 
destroyed  and  lost  in  the  aforesaid  unhappy  warrs  as  I  have 
been  credibly  informed  and  doe  verily  believe.  And  I  have 
caused  this  Accounpt  to  be  here  inserted  for  the  satisfaction  of 
Posterity  this  Twenty-ffifth  day  of  January  in  the  ffoureth  yeare 
of  the  Reigne  of  our  Sov'aign  Lord  James  the  Second  by  the 
Grace  of  God  King  of  England  Scotland  Ffrance  and  Ireland 
King  defender  of  the  flfiaith.  And  in  the  yeare  of  our  Lord 
God  (according  to  the  supputation  of  the  Church  of  England) 
1688.^' 

Griffith  Reignolds'  dashes  are  plain  enough  in  the  calendars, 
that  is  to  say,  in  the  second  volume  commencing  1628.,  None 
appear  in  the  earlier  volume,  and  unfortunately  they  are  very 
frequently  wanting,  showing  how  many  wills  even  at  that  date 
were  missing.  Very  few  parishes  or  localities  are  given  in  the 
calendars  between  the  years  1604  and  1627.     The  first  list  in 


AT  HERVVOBB  BEQISTRY. 


139 


the  calendars  is  of  three  pages,  with  abont  two  hundred 
wills  given,  and  headed  "  1517,  1539,  1540, 1541, 1542, 1543, 
1504". 


The  number  of  wills  belonging  to  families  resident 
in  or  connected  with  Montgomeryshire  must  be  very 
large.  The  following  are  parishes  and  localities  which 
occur  frequently : — Norbury,  Mainstone,  Bromfield, 
Middleton,  Buttington,  Llangarvan,  Stretton,  Lydbury 
North,  Worthen,  Walcot,  Stockton,  Munslow,  Meadow- 
town,  Trewem,  etc.,  etc.  Had  these  wills  been  accessible 
(i.e.,  prior  to  1600),  I  should  have  endeavoured  to 
extract  all  from  every  parish  in  Montgomeryshire.  As 
it  is,  I  have  contented  myself  with  noting  those  from 
the  following  group  of  parishes :  —  Montgomery, 
Churchstoke,  Chirbury,  Hyssington,  Mellington,  More, 
Bishop's  Castle,  with  a  few  from  other  places  for 
special  reasons.  The  spelling  given  is  identical  with 
the  original  calendar.  Pressure  of  time  has  prevented 
me  from  carrying  back  the  extracts  further  than  1552. 
The  number  given  after  the  year  shows  the  exact 
number  of  wiUs  entered  in  the  calendar  for  that  year, 
or  an  approximation  to  it.  when  the  number  is  not 
given. 


1552.— 160. 

Owen  ap  D'd 
Joice  Orrley,  widow 
Griff.  D'd 
Roger  ap  Wiirm   . 
John  Griffith 

1553-4.— 190. 

John  ap  leu'n  ap  John 
Llowre,  v.  Ie*un    . 
John  Llewelyn 
Mer'd^  ap  leii'u    . 
John  Morgan 

1554-5.-230. 

Lewes  ap  Ieu*n  ap  D'd 
John  ap  Kediahe    . 
John  ap  D'd  ap  WilFra 
John  ap  Icu'n  Goze 


Hussington 
Bishops  Castle 
B^  Castle 


Churbery 

Churchstoke 

Hussington 

Ugedde  (?)  Mougoni'y 

Churchstoke 


Waterden 
Mongom'y 
Chui*chstoke 
Buttington 


140 


EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WILLS 


lan 


1556.— 100. 

D'd  ap  Morice 

Gwenhew,  v.  Griff. 

John  ap  leu'n  ap  Powell,  D'd 

Thomas  Wather    . 

1557-8.— 350. 
Owen  Rir 
Hughe  ap  Howell . 
Bland  Phillippe     . 
John  Dudlick 
D'd  ap  John  Goche 
Elizabeth  Nicolas  . 
John  ap  Evan 

1558.— 220. 

Anne,  v.  Rob'te 
Edmond  ap  Tho. 

1558-9.-380. 

D'd  ap  Owen  ap  Morice 
Morice  ap  Griffith 
Owen  ap  Myricke  . 
Hugh  ap  Pries 
Edward  ap  D'd  Vaughj 
Holl.  ap  Morice     . 

1559-60.— 100. 
Hughe  Bray 
Morgan  ap  Will'm 
Nicolas  Cooke 

1560.— 120. 

Ellen  Lloid 

D'd  ap  leu'n  ap  Morice 

Me'dd  ap  Griffith  . 

1561.  -180. 

Owen  ap  John 

Thorn's  Amys 

John  Yoppe 

D'd  Lloid 

Rir'e  ap  Caddr.     . 

Morice  ap  Griffith . 

Will'm  Gethyn      . 

Will'm  ap  Howell  Vechan 

1562.— 180. 

John  Aldwell 
Tho.  Bamefield 
Tho.  ap  D'd  Lloid 


Mongom'y 
B'  Castle 
Hussington 
Churbiiry 

Mongom'y 

99 

Churchstoke 

Billingsley 

Mongom'y 

99 

Churbury 
Churchstoke 


Churbury 
Churchstoke 


Churbury 
Mongom'y 


Of  Byshop's  Castle 
Churchstoke 


Churchstoke 


Churbury 
Churchstoke 
Mongom'y 
Of  the  More 
Churchstoke 


Churbury 

Churchstoke 

Monffoni*v 


AT  HEREFORD   REGISTRY. 


141 


1564-5.— 150. 

John  Tallowe 
John  Welshe 
Catherine,  v.  John 
R'bte  Walter 


1565.— 90. 


Castle  epi 
Bishop's  Castle 
Churchstoke 
Mongom'y 

Churbury 
Of  the  More 
Mongom'y 

Churchstoke 
Churbury 

Churchstoke 

Mongom'y 

Churchstoke 


. — »u. 

Jice,  V.  Ho'll. 

Lewes  ap  John  ap  leu'n 

Redderch  ap  John  ap  Rire 

1566.— 160. 

Richard  D'd  ap  Meyricke 
Edmond  D'd  LUn 
Luce  Porter 

1567.-160. 

HoU  ap  Owen  ap  John 
John  ap  Griffith  a'ls  gze 
Hughe  ap  Hoell    . 
Richard  Christo'r  . 

1568.-150 

Leoi'l  de  Crompe  . 
Lewes  ap  John 
Tho.  ap  Lle'n 
Cad'der  ap  Owen  ap  John 

1569.-180. 

John  George 

1569:70.-200. 

Lewis  ap  Ho'U  goche 
Hughe  Aldwell 
leu'n  ap  Meredith 
John  Mathers 
Tho.  Llewelin 

1571.— 200. 

George  ap  Jevan    .  Mongom'y 

John  Wilke  .  .  Churchstoke 

D'd  ap  leu'n  Gwyn  Hussington 

John  ap  Gruff,  ap  D'd  ap  Dio  „ 

Gruff,  ap  Hoe'll     ...  „ 

1571-2.-190. 

WilliamEyanEvansalsBoule  of  'dislands  (Eardis]ands(?)-i7.L./S'.) 

Jane,  v.  leu'n        .  .  .     Churchstoke 

1572.3.— 190. 

Owen  ap  leu'n  .  .     Llanfairwaterdine 

PhiUp  Hordley       .  .  .     Churbury 

Lowry,  v.  Morice  .  Castell  epi 

M'garet,  v.  John  ap  R'd  Mongom'y 


Churbury 
Churchstoke 


Mongom'y 

Hussington 

Churbury 

Churchstoke 

Mongom'y 


142 


EARLY   M0NTG0MKRY8HIRB  WILLS' 


1574.— 180. 

Richard  Astlej 

leuaD  ap  D'd 

John  ap  Rotheroughe  (?) 
1575.-170. 

James  ap  Edward  . 

Howell  ap  Kadwalladr 
1576.— 100. 

John  Penne 

Ho'll  ap  Hew.  (1)   . 
1577.— 180. 

Tho.  Barke 

David  ap  R*d 

John  Llewelyn  of  the 

Hugh  ap  Tho.  al's  Gweneth 

John  Dudlicke 

Lewes  ap  Lle'n 

Richard  ap  John  Eva 

Margaret  Bright    . 
1578.— 200. 

Alice  ap  Ho'll  Vechan 

D'd  ap  John  Lle'lln 

Tho.  Walters 

Oliver  ap  John  Baughe 

Richard  leu'n 

Jane  More 

Gwen  White 

John  Genowe  (1)    . 

D'd  ap  Tho.  TeyFr 
1579.-170. 

Edmond  ap  Ll'n    . 

David  ap  R'bte 
1580-81.— 230. 

Lawrence  Wormston 

Philip  Speake 

Ph'e  Midld'tn 

Griffith  ap  leu'n    . 

1581.— 100. 

Richard  Astley  of  Staunton  upo*  (?) 

Ric.  More  of  Felton 

Tho.  ap  Owen  ap  D'd 
1582.-180. 

Margaret,  the  wief  of  Tho.  ap  John 

John  Turner 

Richard  Turner     . 

M'garet  ap  Owen  . 


Of  Harpworth 

Churbury 

Mongom'y 

Churchstoke  ■ 
Buttington 

Much  Wenlocke 
Churchstoke 

Churbury 

More 

Mongom'y 

Middleton 

Mongom'y 

Churchstoke 

Atcherley 

Mongom'y 

Churchstoke 
Churbury 
Mellington 
Lionhalle 
Castell  epi 

Churchstoke 

Churchstoke 
Mongom'y 

Churchstoke 
Churbury 

»♦ 
Churchstoke 


Churchstoke 
Churchstoke 

Hissington 


AT   HEREFORD   REQI8TRY. 


143 


1582.— 180. 

Ric.  Longewell 

Castle  epi 

Edmond  ap  John   . 

Churchstoke 

Mary,  v.  Tho.  ap  Owen  ap  John 

i» 

Gole'h,  V.  Meredd 

^9 

John  ap  Caddr 

jj 

Hugh  Patricke 

»> 

Richard  Beynion   . 

Churbury 

Richard  Griffith     . 

Hurdley 

1583.— 140. 

Morice  ap  Ieu*n  ap  John 

Skyborey 

1584.— 130. 

Humfrey  Lewes    . 

More 

Edmund  Nicolas   . 

Churbury 

1584^.-150. 

David  ap  Lewis     . 

Hussington 

Jh'n  Evans 

Borrington 

1586.-130. 

Matthew  ap  Hoell . 

Mongom'y 

John  Hughes 

>» 

Tho's  More 

Weston 

1587.— 300. 

Matthew  George 

Mongom'y 

Oliver  D*d  Lloid    . 

Fforden 

Will'm  ap  D'd  Vaughan 

Churchstoke 

leu'n  ap  John  ap  Griffith 

Hussington 

John  Evans 

Buttington 

Richard  ap  Edmond 

Churchstoke 

Ieu*n  ap  Richard   . 

Buttington 

1588.— 200. 

France  Griffith 

Mongom'y 

Jane  Aldwell 

Priest  Weston 

William  Bright     . 

Myndtown 

Margai-et  Broughton 

Mongom'y 

1589.— 130. 

Griffith  Gwyne  of  the 

More 

Teu'n  D'd  ap  Owen 

Hussington 

Katherine  Lloid 

Minsterley 

Elizabeth  Dudlicke    ■ 

Billingsley 

Hugh  Burley 

Churchstoke 

Jane  Evans 

Borrington 

1590.— leo. 

Thomas  Hewbud  (1)  of  the    . 

More,  gent. 

Johnap  Ieu'n»*Bray"(?)      . 

Churbury 

Will'm  Dudlicke  the  elder     . 

Midleton 

Moris  ap  Gruff,  of  the 

.     Grate  H^m 

144 


EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WILLS 


1590.— 160. 

Katherine  Blaney 

Kinsome  (?) 

Thomas  Atcherley 

GerchoU 

1591—350. 

D'd  Cadde'r 

Charchstoke 

John  Spenser 

Moore 

Richard  Lloyd 

Churchstoke 

Eliz.  Bo  wen 

.     Bishopp's  Castell 

Eire  ap  Rirde 

Mongom'y 

Morris  ap  Richard  of  the 

Hem 

Richard  Jones,  alias  **  Monet"  (?) 

Bishopp's  Castell 

John  Benet 

Ghutberie 

1592.— 260. 

Maurice  Dicher     . 

Churburie 

Edward  ap  Howell  ; 

Churchstocke 

David  ap  Owen     . 

» 

Howell  ap  Owen   . 

)» 

Roberte  ap  Griffithe 

91 

John  ap  Howell    . 

f> 

John  Aldwell 

Churbury 

Elen,  late  wief  to  Eire  ap"R'nddr"  (1) 

Mongom'y 

John  Dun 

Churbury 

Richarde  Thompsone 

Moore 

1593.— 225.  N.B— 7%«  Wills  are 

numbered  from  this  date  and  after. 

6.  Ed'd  ap  Cadd'er  . 

Llanfairwaterdine 

73.  Margarie  Maylor  (1) 

Churburie 

113.  Wm  Jones,  snr.    . 

99 

147.  Richard  Lloyd 

Woffarton 

225.  Richard  Morris      . 

Bishopp  Castle 

1594.-191. 

' 

43.  John  Olivers 

Moore 

52.  Thomas  Beddowes 

Churchstocke 

58.  Richard  Bowen 

Onibume 

148.  Joyne  Moore 

Moore 

1595.— 102. 

263.  Griffith  ap  Owen  "eurar"  (?)  . 

Churchstocke 

264.  Elinor  v. 

1596-7. — 146.     (Wills  and  Inventories  given  together,) 
118.  John  Harry  .     Stockton 

1598.— 267. 


107.  Elen,  v.  Lewis 

109.  David  ap  Lewis   . 

110.  Thomas  Berwicke . 

111.  Watkin  ap  Edmund 
238.  Richard  Morris 


Churchstocke 

Hussington 

Mountgom'ehe 

Churchstocke 

Mountgom'rie 


AT   HEREFORD   REGISTRY. 


145 


1599-1600.-321. 
37.  John  ap  Edward   . 
Richard  ap  Lewes 
Will'm  Pitman     . 
Maurice  ap  Evan  Gough 
Dorothy  Smith 
Richard  Ffarrington 
WilFm  Clarke 
Eichard  Dudlicke . 
Griffith  ap  D'd     . 


42. 
44. 


246. 
247. 


311 


1600-1601.— 74. 

347.  Griffith  ap  Hugh  Gwynneth 

343.  John  ap  Oliver 

391.  Henry  Speak 


Churburie 
Churchstoke 


Churburie 

Walcot 

Hussington 

Billingdey 

Churchstoke 

Mountgom'y 
Chirbury 


No  parishes  are  given,  except  in  a  very  few  cases,  from 
the  year  1601  to  1627  inclusive,  covering  over  5,400 
wills,  and  no  clue  to  the  locality  can  be  gained  except 
by  examination  of  each  will.  There  are  many  wills  of 
Lloyds,  Bowdlers,  Leintalls,  Corbett,  Ffarrington,  Page, 
Dudlicke,  Broughton,  Leighton,  Dee,  Evans,  etc. 
A  Rowland  ap  Hugh's  will  is  given  in  1620,  and 
Rich'd  Lloyd  (probably  R.  Lloyd  of  Mamngton)  1621. 
The  latter,  however,  as  is  the  case  with  many  old  wills 
of  good  and  well-known  families,  is  missing. 

The  calendar  is  continued  in  a  smaller  volume,  in 
which  the  parishes  are  usually  given. 


1628.-190. 

6.  Humphrey  Ibeson 

.     Cherebury 

8.  Thomas  Hillman 

ij 

40.  Richard  Price 

Churchstoke 

93.  Philip  Aldwell 

.     Churbury 

59.  Evan  ap  David 

.     Llan'watterden 

119.  John  Powell 

.     B'ps  Castle 

134.  Jane  Aldwell 

.     Churburie 

162.  Thomas  Gwilt 

.     Churchstoke 

163.  John  Middleton    . 

» 

164.  Hughe  James 

.     B'ps  Castle 

165.  Elinor  Astley 

Churburie  {ex,) 

1629.— 275. 

• 

57.  Ffrancis  Rozton,  o 

f               .                     Marrington 

107.  Jane  ap  Richard  . 

Churchstoke 

125.  Edward  Braid 

Churburie 

135.  Edward  Thomas  . 

Bp's  Castle 

VOL.  XVII. 

L 

146 


EARLY   M0NT00MERY8H1RE   WILLS 


1629.— 275. 

141.  Rowland  Dun 

.     Churburie 

234.  Edward  ap  Richard  George  . 

.     Mountgom'y 

248.  Edmund  Davies    . 

.     Bishop's  Castle 

249.  Johan  Jones 

»        »> 

1630.— 217. 

2.  Richard  ap  Evan  . 

Churbury  (ex.) 

8.  John  ap  David 

.     Churchstoke 

44.  Griffith  Mountford 

.     Moore 

102.  ElinorsB  Clarke  {jscripta  donationU) 

.     Churchstoke 

111.  Edmund  Waters   . 

.     Bish'  Castle 

133.  JohnDicher 

.     Churbury 

184.  Jane  ap  Evan,  vid. 

.     Middleton  {miasing) 

1631.— 244. 

28.  Margaret  Gough,  vid. 

.     Churbury 

93.  John  ap  John 

Churchstoke 

129.  John  Death 

Bishop's  Castle 

173.  Richard  ap  Humphrey 

.     Churchstoke 

186.  Richard  Robbins  . 

Bishop's  Castle 

188.  W'm  Howell 

Churbury 

244.  Edward  Morgan    . 

.     Churchstock 

1632.— 242. 

30.  Joyce  Matthews    . 

Cherbury 

42.  John  Browne 

Churchstocke 

72.  Edward  Morgan    . 

» 

80.  Edward  Thomas   . 

.     B'pps  Castle 

226.  Richard  Hicks       . 

Churchstoke 

228.  Rerig  ap  How'll    . 

w 

1633.-210. 

40.  Richard  Broughton 

Mountgom'ie  (ex.) 

92.  John  Mountford    .* 

Moore 

174.  Waiiam  Ffarmer  . 

Churchstoak 

204.  Alice  Clearke 

.     Hussington 

1634.-224. 

25.  Lewis  Hayward     . 

Mongomery 

55,  David  Griffith 

.     Churchstoake 

108.  Peter  Midleton      . 

Churbury 

155.  Mary  Porter,  vid.  . 

»> 

206.  Thomas  Dudlicke,  of 

Middleton,s'r  (munVi^) 

1635.-224. 

31.  Richard  Morris     . 

Churchstokk 

1636.— 266. 

96.  Daniel  Richards  . 

.     Churchstokk 

141.  Edward  Griffiths  . 

Hussington 

257.  Richard  Gwin 

» 

AT  HEREFORD   REGISTRY. 


147 


1637.— 257. 

114.  John  Lewis  Cad'dr 

Churchstock 

143.  Oliver  Hughes 

Cherburie 

145.  John  Home 

.     Moore 

146.  Joan  Voughan,  vid. 

•     Churchstock 

159.  Hugh  ap  Richard 

•             » 

178.  WilHam  Vaughan 

» 

1638.— 217. 

102.  George  Thomas    . 

.     Churborie 

69.  Elinor  ap  Richard,  vid. 

•             » 

135.  David  Powell,  esquire 

.     Churchstock 

150.  Richard  Gwyn      . 

.     Hussington 

155.  Lewis  ap  Richard 

.     B'ps  Castle 

186.  Morrice  WiUiams . 

*                         99 

192.  Andrew  Crump    . 

Chirbury 

1639.— 224. 

150.  David  Roberts 

Chirbury 

151.  Marie  Lewes 

•             jf 

219.  Elizabeth  Symonds 

.     Hussington 

201.  Richard  Evans      . 

.     Leyghton  {missing} 

1640.— 237. 

99.  Edward  ap  Cadwallider 

,     Churchstoke 

178.  Evan  ap  Howell    . 

Llanfairwaterdine 

190.  John  Bowen 

.     Weston 

1641.— 152. 

4.  Thomas  Williams 

.     Churchstocke 

61.  Richard  ap  D'd     . 

99 

63.  Margaret  Nicolas,  vid. 

99 

58.  David  Lloyd 

.     Little  H^m 

93.  John  Evans 

Llanfair  waterdine  (ejp. ) 

The  years  1660  and  1661  are  next  given,  and  then 
the  memoraiidura  by  Griffith  Reignolds,  entered  in 
1688.  Then  we  pass  into  the  Civil  War  period,  and  for 
the  eight  years  1642  to  1649  inclusive,  we  find  entries 
only  of  some  400  wills.  There  was  no  bishop  at 
Hereford  during  a  part  of  this  period,  no  appointment 
to  the  see  having  been  made  after  the  death  of  Bishop 
Coke,  which  occurred  in  1646,  until  the  year  1660. 


1642.— 99. 

53. 
6^, 

W'mus  Price 
W'mus  Thomas    . 

.     Chirbury 
Churchstock 

1643.— 99. 

1644.— 96. 

8. 
15. 

Thomas  Dudlick  . 
Thomas  Meredith 

.     Billingsley  {ex,) 
,     Hissington 

1645.-39. 

, 

l2 


148 


EARLY   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WILLS. 


1646. — 43-17.  Thomas  Bowen      .  .     Hussington 

1647.— 11.     1648.— 10. 

1649.-7.     2.  Richard  Griffiths    .  .     Hissiugton 

A  complete  gap  now  occurs,  and  the  next  list  dates 
1660-61.  There  is  an  alphabetical  list  of  677  wills 
found  in  1688,  made  by  GriflSth  Reignolds  for  the 
3'eaps  1599  to  1663  (of  wills  not  previously  entered  in 
the  calendar),  but  no  dates  are  given  to  any  particular 
will ;  and  by  search  I  find  that  some  are  elsewhere 
given  in  the  calendars, 

1660— 1661.— 304. 

38.  Richard  Everall    . 

71.  John  Rowley 
103.  Charles  Dudlick    . 
217.  Humphrey  HoUoway 
220.  Edward  James 
216.  Richard  Asterley  . 
1661— 1662.— 201. 

52.  Ffrancis  Burd 
142.  Hugh  Roberts 
155.  Thomas  Meakin    . 
198.  Ads.  David  Evans. 


1663.— 252. 

45.  Ads.  Hugonis  Mason 

64.  (fiompvius  super  adm  honorum) 
de  Richi  Powell 

92.  Joh'is  Matthew      . 

91.  W'mi  Homes,  Esq. 
194.  Elizabeths  Lloyd 


of  the  Moore 

Montgomery 

Meadowley 

Churchstocke 

of  Bacbeltree 

of  Stanfourd  (ex.) 

Dillwyn 
Priest  Weston 
Churchstock 
Leightou 

Castro  Epi 

Mountgomery 

Lidbury  North 
Nantcribba 


There  are  also  a  few  other  lists  of  wills  ''probata 
diversis  annis"j  but  as  no  dates  are  given,  they  are 
useless  for  reference.  The  following  are  a  few  extracts 
from  them : — 


11.  leu'n  ap  Morris     . 

266.  John  Boole 

219.  GriflFap  John  Gwyn 

319.  Philip  Midleton    . 

409.  Laurence  Wormeston 

154.  Walter  Pembers    . 

222.  Griffith  ap  leuan  . 

257.  Oliver  David  Lloyd 

102.  Howell  ap  John  ap  Griffith 


Hussington 

of  the  Moore 

Churchstocke 

Churbury 

Churchstocke 

of  the  More 

Churchstocke 

Fforden 

Hussington 


149 

HALF-TIMBER     HOUSES     OF 
MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


Travelling  through  the  border  counties  of  North 
Wales,  and  on  through  Cheshire  and  Lancashire, 
nothing  more  frequently  attracts  attention,  particu- 
larly amongst  the  picturesque  hills  and  valleys  of  our 
own  county  of  Montgomery,  than  the  many  quaint 
old  half-timber  houses  dotting  the  landscape,  and  rear- 
ing their  broad  gables  with  a  beaming  look  of  welcome 
to  all  comers.  Their  stout  black  oak  quarterings,  and 
white  interspaces  half  hidden  in  a  wealth  of  summer 
foliage,  or  standing  cheery  and  warm  amongst  the  bare 
trees  and  grey  skies  of  winter,  call  forcibly  to  mind  as 
well  the  homeliness  and  hospitality  as  the  vigorous 
strength  and  growing  wealth  and  power  of  the  age  in 
which  they  were  erected ;  and  although  comparatively 
destitute  of  architectural  remains  so  grand  as  the 
ruined  abbeys  of  Yorkshire,  or  '*  Lincoln's  steepled 
fens",  Powysland  has  no  need  to  hide  her  head  while 
she  can  point  to  so  many  good  examples  of  quiet, 
simple,  domestic  work  as  her  half-timber  Elizabethan 
houses. 

Wearied  out  by  the  bloody  struggles  of  the  Roses, 
and  with  the  aggressive  power  of  the  feudal  barons, 
broken  thereby  and  kept  in  check  by  the  strength  or 
craftiness  of  the  earlier  sovereigns  of  the  Tudor  line, 
the  country  gradually  assumed  a  more  peaceful  cha- 
racter ;  and  the  Welsh  borderland,  till  then  the  scene 
of  almost  constant  warfare,  entered  upon  a  period  of 
peace  and  prosperity  uninterrupted  till  the  outbreak  of 
the  Parliamentary  Wars. 

The  period  was  one  of  great  social  change.      The 


150  HALF-TIMBER  HOUSES 

Church — hitherto  the  great  civilising  and  protecting 
power,  the  one  power  which  from  its  wealth  and  the 
awe  in  which  it  was  held  able  to  stand  boldly  against 
the  arbitrary  rule  of  the  king  on  the  one  hand,  or  the 
often  more  oppressive  and  scarcely  less  powerful  barons 
on  the  other ;  the  protector  and  support  of  the  weak 
and  the  poverty-stricken,  the  body  to  which  we  owe  all 
that  is  glorious  and  beautiful  in  architecture  and  its 
allied  arts  during  that  wonderful  period  of  their 
vitality,  the  Middle  Ages, — torn  by  interior  dissension, 
and  with  all  the  forces  of  avarice  and  cupidity  arrayed 
against  her,  lay  crushed  beneath  the  heel  of  one  to 
whom  her  ruin  meant  the  establishment  of  his  own  un- 
questioned despotism.  Its  revenues  lavished  upon  a 
horde  of  hungry  courtiers,  or  diverted  from  their  origi- 
nal local  uses  and  sent  to  swell  the  dignity  of  some 
far-off  and  unsympathetic  Corporation — no  matter  how 
we  may  praise,  the  benefits  of  the  Reformation,  the 
evils  consequent  upon  the  manner  and  motives  of  its 
execution  can  have  no  claim  upon  our  regard. 

As,  with  the  overthrow  of  the  Church,  came  the  end 
of  our  glorious  ecclesiastical  architecture,  so,  with  the 
downfall  of  the  feudal  nobility,  came  the  termination  of 
the  necessity  for  the  feudal  fortress  and  manner  of 
living;    and   with   the  rise   of    a   new    nobility   and 

feneral  increase  of  commercial  prosperity  during  the 
udor  period,  an  impetus  was  given  to  house-buOding 
that  culminated  under  Elizabeth,  and  spread  broadcast 
over  the  land  the  "stately  homes  of  England"  that 
now  form  the  chief  objects  of  admiration  and  envy  of 
countries  of  newer  growth. 

The  influence  of  the  Renaissance  making  itself  felt 
in  England  during  the  reign  of  the  first  Tudor,  had,  by 
the  end  of  the  long  and  prosperous  reign  of  the  last 
sovereign  of  that  line,  almost  completely  driven  out 
every  vestige  of  our  national  style  of  architecture, 
replacing  it  by  what,  however  suitable  to  modern 
requirements  we  may  persuade  ourselves  it  be,  is  but  a 
weakly  descendant  of  the  magnificence  of  Imperial  Rome. 


OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  151 

To  this  general  overthrow  and  decay  there  is  one 
bright  exception  in  our  sturdy  old  timber-built  houses. 
Erected  for  the  most  part  during  the  reigns  of  Good 
Queen  Bess,  of  James,  and  of  Charles  I,  this  style  of 
building  was  eminently  suited  to  the  resources  of  the 
districts  where  it  most  flourished  ;  and,  in  the  oak-clad 
hills  and  fertile  valleys  of  Montgomeryshire,  this  lineal 
descendant  of  the  architecture  of  our  mediaeval  fore- 
fathers found  a  stately  and  a  worthy  mother.  Sad  it 
is  to  say,  too  many  of  these  old  houses  have,  within  the 
last  half  century,  utterly  disappeared.  The  blighting 
hand  of  modern  progress  and  civilisation  has  put  ite 
hideous  mark  upon  others,  daubing  up  some  with 
Portland  cement,  carefully  jointed  to  imitate  freestone 
work;  building  up  the  gable  ends  of  others  with  a  brick 
wall,  or  slating  them,  and  as  a  finish  (marvellous  effort 
of  self-deception !)  actually  whitewashing  the  bricks  or 
slates,  and  tarring  wiry  black  lines  over  all  to  imitate 
the  honest  old  woodwork  beneath.  Too  many,  again, 
though  the  exterior  is  still  standing,  are  bereft  of  all 
that  made  the  interior  a  thing  of  comfort  and  a  home  ; 
the  simple  oak  panelling  torn  from  the  walls  of  the  old, 
low-storied  house,  and  sent  to  adorn  some  fiery  outcome 
of  fashionable  sestheticism  or  bilious -looking  yellow 
brick  edifice,  with  all  the  latest  improvements,  reeking 
of  *'  Brummagem"  and  new-made  money ;  the  old  shell, 
treated  with  the  same  utilitarian  spirit  that  sends  the 
worn-out  hunter  to  end  his  days  between  the  shafts  of 
a  London  cab,  not  unlikely  forms  the  shooting-box  or 
keepers  lodging  of  a  non-resident  sportsman  ;  or,  split 
up  into  the  smallest  possible  portions,  is  let  out  as 
tenements  for  the  agricultural  labourer. 

The  quaintly  carved  balusters  and  stairs,  wedged 
into  a  position  for  which  they  were  never  intended, 
notwithstanding  all  cutting  and  fitting,  do  not  look 
happy ;  the  panelling,  fixed  to  the  sweating  walls  of 
the  new  house,  splits  and  cracks  in  anything  but  silent 
protest  against  its  disturbance.  Nothing  is  gained  bv 
this  treatment :   new  work  in  a  new  house  would  look 


152  HALF-TIMB£R   HOCTSES 

incomparably  better  ;  and  surely  the  money  will  never 
be  wasted  that  is  spent  in  an  earnest  effort  to  keep  up 
and  preserve,  as  much  as  possible  in  their  original  con- 
dition, these  footprints  in  the  sands  of  time,  the  silent 
witnesses  of  three  hundred  years  of  change,  of  many  a 
revel  and  many  a  sorrow  in  the  simpler  lives  of  our 
homekeeping  forefathers. 


I. — Maes-Mawr. 

To  this  rather  dark  cloud  it  is  agreeable  to  find  a 
silver  lining  in  a  house  that  has  been  kindly  treated 
and  well  looked  after,  and  consequently  does  its  duty 
as  well  as  ever,  and,  set  firmly  four  square  to  the 
wind,  still  shelters  the  descendants  of  its  original 
founders. 

Standing  some  little  distance  from  the  modem  turn- 
pike road,  and  just  on  the  edge  of  the  old  Roman 
road  to  Caersws,  is  Maes-Mawr  Hall.  Approaching  by 
a  long  avenue  the  width  of  its  main  front,  the  old 
house,  with  its  broad  central  gable  of  cleft  oak  framing 
and  slighter  quarterings  cut  to  the  fantastic  shapes  so 
dear  to  the  eye  of  the  Elizabethan  carpenter,  its 
curious  central  stack  of  clustered  stone  chimney  shafts 
towering  high  above  the  roof,  affording  plenty  of 
shelter  for  the  starlings,  as  the  trees  above  do  for  the 
rooks,  when  seen  through  the  framework  of  the 
branching  elms  of  the  avenue,  forms  a  picture  to  which 
the  accompanying  illustration  does  but  very  scant 
justice. 

On  the  right  of  the  avenue,  and  a  little  in  advance 
of  the  house  itself,  stands  a  range  of  buildings  called 
"  the  Dairy".  This  is  now  used  as  a  coachman's  resi- 
dence, with  coach-houses  and  stabling  for  occasional 
horses ;  but  formerly  it  contained  the  whole  of  the 
cooking  appliances  for  the  family  and  their  dependants, 
the  higher  branches  of  the  culinary  art  alone  being 
undertaken  by  "  Madam"  herself  at  the  hall  fire. 
Jlere,  too,  were  all  the  appliances  for  baking,  brewing. 


«.  <-#Mt£--i¥^^^^ ' 


^J^*^^ 


Mont  ColL,  VoL  xviL    To  be  mounted  between  pp.  152  &  153. 


OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  153 

cidermakiDg,  home-malting,  weaving  and  yam  spin- 
ning, blacksmith's  forge  and  carpenter's  shop,  with  tools 
of  ail  kinds,  from  a  lathe  to  a  glazier  s  diamond,  show- 
ing that  the  house  was  entirely  self-contained,  and 
quite  independent  of  external  aid. 

The  river  then  supplied  abundance  of  salmon,  and 
the  hooks  to  hang  the  nets  up,  with  a  large  duck-gun 
of  ancient  date,  still  remain.  The  pastures,  the  poultry 
yard,  the  dovecot,  the  wide  old  garden  with  apple  and 
pear  orchards,  and  a  profusion  of  damson  trees,  so  abun- 
dantly supplied  every  want,  that  friends  from  less 
fertile  Merionethshire  were  wont  to  term  Maes-Mawr 
"  a  land  of  Goshen". 

Many  of  the  old  fruit  trees  still  remain,  but  are  past 
their  work.  They  do  but  stand  and  wait  and  bide 
their  time,  and  every  winter's  storm  thins  their 
ranks. 

The  native  oak  and  beech,  together  with  hornbeams, 
Spanish  chestnuts,  limes,  and  walnut  trees  flourished 
round  the  old  place.  A  memorandum,  written  109 
years  ago,  is  kept,  with  many  others,  "  Sowed  a  pint  of 
crab-seed  under  the  big  fir  tree."  The  *'  big  fir  tree"  is 
still  here,  and  doubtless  some  of  the  crab  stems  grafted 
are  now  bearing  rich  fruit. 

As  for  the  gardens,  so  carefully  cultivated  and  kept 
up  in  former  days,  little  remains  now  to  show  their 
site  even,  except  the  ditches  whereon  the  box-hedges 
stood.  The  thick  box-hedges,  through  which,  to  use 
the  expression  of  an  old  servant,  *'  never  a  bird  could 
fly",  have  long  since  disappeared;  a  few  gfaunt  skeletons, 
becoming  fewer  and  fewer  every  year,  stiU  linger  on  to 
tell  of  better  days. 

Four  old  yew  trees  tell  where  "the  Bower"  was,  and 
a  quaint  old  table,  cut  out  of  a  thick  log  of  wood,  with 
a  hollow  in  the  middle  to  hold  the  punch-bowl,  .used  to 
stand  here  in  the  summer  time. 

The  plan  of  this  house  is  an  unusual  one.  As  a  rule, 
the  houses  of  this  period  were  but  developments  of  the 
simpler  arrangements  of  feudal  times,  and  consisted,  in 


154  HALF-TIMBER  HOUSES 

the  first  place,  of  the  hall,  which  was  usually  entered 
direct  from  the  porch,  and  formed  the  common  sitting 
and  dining-room  of  the  family.  Next,  at  one  end  of 
the  hall,  were  arranged  the  kitchen  and  domestic  offices 
generally,  whilst  at  the  other  end  was  a  wing  contain- 
ing the  parlour,  and  usually  another  small  room  as  well, 
these  two  answering  to  the  withdrawing  rooms  in  the 
large  mansions  of  the  sovereign  and  the  nobility.  The 
chief  stairs  often  led  directly  out  of  this  hall,  and  there 
was  usually  another  stairs  from  the  kitchen  to  the  bed- 
rooms above.  The  plan  thus  took  somewhat  the  form 
of  the  letter  H,  the  hall  forming  the  centre  and  chief 
feature,  connecting  the  wing  containing  the  kitchen, 
etc.,  at  one  end,  with  that  containing  the  parlour  at 
the  other. 

At  Maes-Mawr  this  arrangement  is  departed  from, 
and  instead  of  the  different  apartments  being  grouped 
round  the  hall,  the  hall  itself,  the  parlour,  and  the 
staircases  are  all  collected  around  a  great  central  chim- 
ney-shaft, while  the  kitchen  forms  a  wing  of  its  own 
projecting  out  at  the  back. 

Entering  the  house  itself,  the  visitor  finds  himself  in 
a  large  porch  or  outer  hall  16'.0"  long  by  8'.  6"  wide, 
which,  with  the  rooms  above,  forms  the  great  pro- 
jecting centre  gable  of  the  front.  Immediately 
facing  him  is  a  curious  little  narrow  stairs,  very 
steep,  with  delicately  turned  balusters  and  hand- 
rail, constructed  against  one  end  of  the  big  chimney- 
shaft,  and  leading  to  the  rooms  above.  On  the  opposite 
side  of  the  chimney-shaft  is  the  main  stairs,  about 
which  more  hereafter. 

On  the  right,  a  low  door  leads  to  the  "Wainscot 
Parlour",  a  room  about  19'.4"  long  by  14'.  9"  wide. 
The  panelling  of  this  room  is  still  perfect,  and  covers 
the  walls  the  full  height  to  the  ceiling  with  deli- 
cately moulded  wainscot  work.  When  the  flooring 
was  repaired  in  this  room  some  years  ago,  a  pavement 
of  large  river  stones  was  exposed  about  afoot  below  the 
floor-boards. 


OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  155 

On  the  left  of  the  outer  hall  a  dooi'way  leads  to  the 
"  Hall",  a  room  about  19  feet  square,  corresponding  to, 
but  larger  than,  the  wainscot  parlour,  the  great  chimney 
dividing  the  two  rooms.  The  wide,  open  fireplace,  7 
feet  long  by  3  feet  6  inches  deep,  remains,  and  burns 
wood  logs  as  of  old ;  but  the  panelling  and  mantel- 
piece, if  they  ever  existed,  have  now  disappeared.  An 
oak  mantel-piece,  made  up  of  old  carved  wood  belonging 
to  the  house,  having  the  centre  panel  of  modem  Swiss 
work,  occupies  the  greater  part  of  the  space  between  the 
chimney-arch  and  the  ceUing.  The  ceiling  itself  is 
plastered  beneath  the  joists,  but  the  main  timbers,  dark 
and  time-stained,  show  prominently  beneath,  crossing 
each  other  and  dividing  the  ceiling  into  compartments, 
with  a  rude  plaster  cornice,  probably  of  Queen  Anne's 
time,  running  round  the  room  and  between  each  com- 
partment of  the  ceiling. 

Crossing  the  hall,  and  keeping  to  the  left,  a  doorway 
leads  through  a  small  anteroom  to  the  drawing-room, 
a  modem  addition  formed  out  of  a  kitchen,  which,  with 
other  offices,  took  the  place  of  a  range  of  buildings 
known  as  "the  Aisle",  which  fell  into  decay  some  fifty 
years  ago.  This  aisle  was  doubtless  built  at  a  later 
period  than  the  house  itself;  although  that  a  building 
of  some  kind  always  s\ood  there  was  evident  when 
modern  alterations  exposed  to  view  timbers  without  a 
sign  of  weather-stain  upon  them. 

To  the  right  of  the  hall,  and  shut  off  therefrom  by  a 
small  doorway,  is  the  principal  stairs  of  dark  oak,  with 
massively  moulded  handrail  and  newels,  and  sharply 
turned  balusters  of  excellent  design  and  workmanship. 
Although  on  the  upper  floor  the  arrangement  of  the 
boudoir  and  bedrooms  over  the  modern  drawing-room 
and  offices  has  necessitated  alterations,  this  staircase 
has  been  changed  but  slightly  from  its  original  form, 
and  is  curiously  fitted  in  against  the  great  chimney 
stack  on  the  opposite  side  to  the  Uttle  stairs  in  the 
outer  hall. 

Upstairs,  it  is  evident  the  bedrooms  consisted  origi- 


156  HALF-TCMBER  HOUSES 

nally  of  two  large  family  bedrooms,  communicating  with 
one  another  by  a  room  over  the  outer  hall,  in  which  the 
little  stairs  terminated.  These  rooms  at  a  later  period, 
and  with  an  eye  to  greater  privacy,  were  divided 
into  smaller  rooms,  and  cut  off  from  their  fireplaces 
in  the  great  chimney  stack  by  the  passage  that  now 
runs  round  it.  This  separation  from  the  fireplaces  was 
met  by  a  variety  of  shifts,  not  the  least  curious  and 
risky  of  which  is  the  balancing  of  a  fireplace  and  heavy 
chimney  above  it  on  the  end  of  one  of  the  beams  over 
the  hall. 

Like  all  old  houses  with  the  slightest  claim  to  re- 
spect (and  here  we  come  to  something  that  may  inte- 
rest our  friends  of  the  Society  for  Psychical  Research), 
this  one  possesses  a  ghost.  And  it  is  not  everybody  who 
cares  to  sleep  in  the  **01d  End"  alone ;  for,  apart  alto- 
gether from  his  ghostship,  whom  seven  able  parsons 
successfully  "laid"  in  Llyn  Tarw  (although  he  does  now 
and  then  wake  up,  as  shall  be  presently  told)  many 
years  ago,  the  owls  hoot  in  weird  chorus  from  the 
hollow  walnut  trees,  and  jackdaws  have  an  awkward 
habit  of  blundering  down  the  wide  chimneys,  and 
fluttering  up  and  down  the  low  passages,  occasionally 
getting  into  the  bedrooms,  to  the  alarm  and  horror  of 
the  inmates,  and,  no  doubt, "  equally  upsetting  the 
equanimity  of  "Jack''  himself 

Now,  in  the  old  days  of  his  freedom,  Robin  Drwg 
appears  to  have  caused  much  mischief  and  alarm.  His 
shape  was  the  not  unfamiliar  one  of  a  bull,  and,  like  his 
near  relative  of  the  Shropshire  side  of  the  county,  the 
"Bull  of  Bagbury",  he  was  eventually  overcome  by  the 
united  efforts  of  seven  parsons  of  undoubted  ability,  and 
"laid'\  as  before  described,  in  Llyn  Tarw  (the  Bulls 
Pool),  near  Llyn-Mawr. 

There  must,  however,  have  been  a  weak  link  some- 
where in  the  chain  that  bound  him  down,  or  a  loophole 
in  the  box  in  which  he  was  encased,  for  some  short  time 
ago  the  ladies  of  an  oflScer's  family  sleeping  in  "  Robin 
Drwg's  room"  and    the  adjoining  one,  were  suddenly 


OP   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  157 

awakened  by  a  series  of  awful  sounds,  "  neither  a  roar, 
nor  a  shriek,  nor  a  moan,  but  a  mingling  of  all  of 
them/'  A  third  repetition  of  this  unholy  chorus,  more 
terrible  than  the  rest,  accompanied  by  a  sound  of 
plunging  and  trampling  beneath  the  window,  pro- 
claimed Robin's  presence,  and  was  accompanied  by  a 
terrible  shaking  of  the  room  and  its  contents.  The 
cattle  in  the  adjoining  fields  raced  about  in  fear,  the 
rooks  and  poultry  screamed,  and  all  nature  seemed  to 
wake  in  horror.  Too  terrified  to  bear  it  longer,  one 
of  the  scared  listeners  fled  to  the  newer  portion  of  the 
house,  and  arousing  one  whose  bedroom,  not  being  sub- 
ject to  such  mysterious  disturbances,  still  slept  calmly 
on,  returned  with  her  to  Robin  Drwg's  room.  To  no 
avail,  however,  was  the  new  comer  awakened.  All  was 
now  still,  and  the  full  moon,  riding  high  in  the  heavens, 
smiled  benignantly  both  on  Robin  and  them,  and  no 
further  terrors  disturbed  their  broken  repose. 

There  is  little  to  be  discovered  of  historical  interest 
attaching  to  this  house,  and  perhaps  it  is  the  more 
blessed  in  its  old  age  on  that  account.  It  is  mentioned 
by  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare,  in  his  edition  of  Giraldus  Cam^ 
hrensisy  published  in  1806,  as  then  only  a  farmhouse, 
standing  on  the  old  Roman  road.  During  this  period  of 
its  existence  it  seems  to  have  had  its  share  of  rough 
usage,  but  has  stood  it  well ;  and  now,  in  the  careful 
hands  of  its  present  occupant,  the  sister  of  the  proprie- 
tor, J.  Pryce  Davies,  Esquire,  to  whom  the  author  is 
indebted  for  the  substance  of  this  short  description,  it 
still  remains,  and  seems  likely  to  survive  long,  one  of 
the  most  complete  and  picturesque  of  the  old  timber 
houses  of  Montgomeryshire. 


II. — Trewern  Hall. 

Standing  about  a  mile  from  Buttington  Station,  and 
some  half  mile  or  so  from  the  highroad  to  Shrewsbury, 
this  house,  though  of  considerable  extent,  is  very  likely 
to  escape  observation,  although  from  the  embankment 


158  HALF-TIMBER   HOUSES 

on  the  Shrewsbury  and  Welshpool  lines  of  railway  a 
tolerable  view  of  it  can  be  obtained.  It  is  an  excellent 
example  of  the  more  usual  plan  before  described,  in 
which  the  hall  is  the  dominant  feature,  and  is  of  a 
character  not  at  all  uncommon  in  the  county.  Once, 
doubtless,  the  residence  of  a  family  of  some  position,  it 
has  for  many  years  been  used  as  a  farmhouse,  and 
although  kept  in  good  repair,  has  been  in  the  course  of 
time  sadly  pulled  about  and  maltreated.  Erected  in 
the  low-lying  flats  of  the  valley  of  the  Severn,  a  district 
even  now  exposed  to  the  attacks  of  the  winter  floods, 
the  founders  of  this  house  sought  out  the  highest  bit  of 
land  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  further  raising  t*he  front 
so  as  to  form  a  small  terraced  lawn  and  garden,  they 
kept  it  well  above  all  danger  of  dampness  from  this 
source,  at  the  same  time  investing  it  with  an  appear- 
ance of  dignity  and  extent  that  it  could  not  otherwise 
have  possessed.  Indeed,  viewed  from  the  level  ground 
in  front  of  the  house,  over  which  the  roadway  to  it 
passes,  its  four  gables  throwing  their  ridges  high  against 
the  sky-line,  its  breadth  of  frontage  (nearly  80  feet), 
and  the  curious  diapered  band  of  woodwork  framed  in 
a  double  row  of  quatrefoils  across  the  main  gable,  and 
beneath  the  eaves  of  the  story  over  the  hall,  knitting 
the  front  together,  as  it  were,  with  a  band  of  lace-work, 
forms  an  elevation  that  it  would  hardly  be  exaggeration 
to  term  grand. 

Entering  the  porch,  now  sadly  mutilated,  we  are 
struck  with  the  size  of  the  timbers  supporting  the  super- 
structure ;  the  angle  posts,  12  feet  by  7  inches  square, 
with  the  carved  consoles  at  their  heads,  must  have 
been  cut  out  of  solid  timber  approaching  two  feet 
square.  Inside  the  porch  we  find  cut  on  the  head  of 
the  outer  doorway  the  date  1610,  with  the  initials  R.  F., 
thus  fixing  the  period  of  its  erection.  This  is  important, 
as  it  is  frequently  the  custom  to  ascribe  to  these  build- 
ings a  much  greater  age  than  they  really  possess;  and  in 
such  a  case  as  Maes-Mawr  Hall,  when  there  is  no  docu- 
mentary evidence  or  date  upon  the   building  to   rely 


Mont  ColL  VoL  xviL    To  be  mounted  between  pp.  158  &  159. 


OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  159 

upon,  the  only  method  of  ascertaining  its  age  at  all  is 
by  comparison  with  other  houses  whose  dates  we  know 
with  tolerable  certainty.  Approaching  the  question  in 
this  manner,  it  may  with  safety  be  asserted  that  these 
two  houses  are  about  the  same  age. 

Crossing  the  threshold  from  the  porch,  the  visitor 
finds  himself  in  a  small  lobby  ;  on  the  left  a  door  leads 
to  the  hall,  on  the  right  another  to  the  kitchen.  The 
haU,  a  spacious  room,  25  feet  long  by  18  feet  wide,  but 
only  about  8  feet  high,  is  now  used  as  an  ordinary 
sitting-room ;  it  still  possesses  its  wide,  open  fireplace, 
but  a  modern  range  fills  it.  This  room  was  originally 
lighted  by  a  continuous  row  of  small  square  lights, 
marked  on  the  illustration  with  x.x.x.,  about  5  feet 
from  the  floor  and  close  up  to  the  ceiling,  divided  by 
slight,  moulded  wooden  muUions.  These  lights  were 
continued  round  the  flanks  of  the  porch,  but  are  now 
cut  away,  and  the  spaces  filled  up  with  plaster.  At  a 
later  period,  with  a  wish  to  secure  a  better  outlook 
from  the  hall  itself,  a  low,  slightly  projecting  bay 
window  of  six  narrow  lights,  divided  by  stout  oak 
mullions,  was  introduced,  the  small  square  lights  being 
plastered  up.  This  bay  window  was  probably  brought 
from  some  other  house,  for  it  does  not  look  quite  at 
home  where  it  is. 

At  the  end  of  the  hall  is  the  parlour,  a  room  about 
18  feet  6  inches  square,  which,  with  the  bedroom  over, 
fills  up  the  main  gable  on  the  left  of  the  building. 
Abutting  on  this,  but  entered  from  the  hall,  is  a  small 
store-room,  which  is  carried  up  in  a  separate  small 

?ible  by  the  side  of  the  main  gable,  over  the  parlour, 
he  window,  which  once  faced  to  the  front,  has  been 
cut  away,  with  the  quartering  on  each  side  of  it ; 
the  space  thus  left  being  filled  up  with  rough  brick 
nogging,  whilst  a  fresh  window  was  opened  at  the 
side.  A  similar  operation  has  been  effected  on  the 
upper  floor.  There  is  another  small  gable  correspond- 
ing with  this  at  the  back  of  the  house. 

At  the  back  of  the  parlour  is  the  usual  small  room, 


160  HALF-TIMBER  HOUSES 

now  used  as  a  store  or  lumber-room,  and  this,  doubt- 
less, was  its  original  use,  for  it  is  much  blocked  up  with 
the  great  chimney  of  the  parlour  breaking  into  it, 
totally  destroying  it  for  any  other  purpose.  Adjoining 
this  room  is  the  stairs,  wedged  into  a  very  small  space, 
and  without  any  attempt  at  ornamental  treatment. 
Indeed,  it  is  strange  that  this  feature,  which  forms  so 
striking  an  object  in  most  of  the  great  mansions 
throughout  the  country,  and  in  many  houses  of  no 
great  size  in  the  towns,  should,  in  these  houses  where 
space  was  almost  unlimited,  have  been  so  poorly  pro- 
vided for. 

Retracing  our  steps  across  the  hall,  we  come  to  the 
kitchen,  a  good-sized  room  about  23  feet  long  by 
20  feet  wide,  exclusive  of  the  great  fireplace,  which 
alone  is  as  big  as  a  small  room,  being  some  9  feet  wide 
by  6  or  7  feet  deep,  and  the  fire  burns  as  of  old  on  the 
hearth.  A  baking  oven  adjoins  this  fireplace,  of  oval 
form,  well  constructed  of  stone,  lined  internally  with 
bricks.  Overhead,  the  strong  beams  supporting  the 
joists  of  the  floor  above  cross  one  another,  and  are 
themselves  upheld  by  an  upright  post  in  the  middle  of 
the  kitchen. 

A  second  staircase,  likewise  boxed  into  the  smallest 
possible  space,  leads  to  the  rooms  over  the  kitchen, 
while  two  steep  steps  down  lead  into  a  dairy,  26  feet 
long  by  11  feet  wide,  which,  being  constructed  partly 
underground,  is  kept  as  cool  as  possible.  Another 
spacious  store  or  larder  completes  the  list  of  rooms  on 
•the  ground  floor. 

Internally,  not  a  particle  of  decorative  work  remains  ; 
panelling  and  mantels,  fire-dogs  and  ancient  grates,  all 
arfe  gone,  and  the  only  vestige  of  the  customs  of  former 
residents  is  an  old  wooden  screw  press  in  the  kitchen. 
Externally,  in  the  front  the  house  is  constructed  of 
framed  timber  work  from  the  ground  upwards,  the 
interspaces  being  filled  with  the  old  "  wattle  and  dab". 
At  the  back  and  sides,  for  the  height  of  the  ground 
floor,  the  walls  are  built  of  rubble  stonework,  2  feet 


OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  161 

thick,  the  upper  story  only  being  timber  work.  It  is 
a  question  if  the  whole  of  this  walling  is  part  of  the 
original  work ;  the  timber  framing  above  does  not  sit 
upon  it  quite  as  though  it  were  all  carried  out  at  one 
time,  and  the  flank  wall  of  the  parlour  seems  to  be 
built  outside  the  framing,  as  though  for  greater  pro- 
tection against  the  rain-bearing  south-westerly  winds 

A  large  walled  garden  encloses  the  house  in  the  rear, 
and  there  is  a  tradition  of  a  moat  having  once  encircled 
all,  but  there  is  no  very  evident  trace  of  this.  If  such 
ever  existed,  it  would  probably  have  been  made  to 
keep  the  site  dry,  rather  than  for  defensive  purposes. 
There  are  but  few  trees  round  the  old  house  now,  to 
give  it  welcome  shelter  from  the  weather,  but  it  bears 
the  weight  of  its  two  and  three-quarter  centuries 
bravely.  With  care  it  may  well  battle  out  as  many 
more,  and  v^ith  the  broad  shoulders  of  the  Long 
Mountain  in  its  front,  and  the  rugged  peaks  of  the 
Buiddens  at  its  side,  is  still  an  object  fair  to  look 
upon,  and  may  well  tempt  many  a  one  blessed  with 
plentiful  store  of  this  world's  goods  to  make  his  home 
beneath  its  hoary  old  roof-tree.     • 

9,  Argyll  Street,  London.  Thomas  Edw.  Price. 


VOL.  XVIL  M 


162  HALF-TIMBER   HO(tS£S 


Note  as  to  the  Owkership  of  Trewern  Hall. 


This  mansion  and  estate  were  formerly  owned  by  a 
family  named  Gerrard.  In  1694  "Radus  Gerrard'* 
suffered  a  recovery  of  land  at  Trewern,  at  the  Great 
Sessions  held  at  Llanfyllin. 

In  letters  patent,  dated  the  31st  May  1766  (6 
George  III),  there  is  a  recital  of  an  Inquisition  taken 
at  Castle  Caereinion,  on  25th  March  (28  George  II, 
1755),  before  Jenkin  Lloyd,  then  Sheriff  of  Mont- 
gomeryshire, by  virtue  of  a  writ  of  ^^  Diem  clausit 
extremum'\  issued  imder  the  seal  of  the  Court  of 
Exchequer,  upon  a  certain  bond,  dated  5th  June  in 
the  6th  Anne  (1706),  wherein  John  Gterrard  (a  de- 
scendant probably  lof  "  Radus  Gerrard'')  became  bound 
to  her  late  Majesty  in  £6,000,  by  which  Inquisition 
the  following  facts  appear  : — 

That  John  Gerard  died  on  12th  Jane  1716,  seized  of  the 
capital  messuage  Trewern  Hall  and  estate,  containing  ninety 
acres,  and  of  the  yearly  value  of  £45,  subject  to  an  annuity 
to  Elizabeth  Groom. 

That  after  his  death  his  son,  John  Gerard,  came  into  posses- 
sion, and  paid  the  annuity  until  his  death,  in  May  1723. 

That  John  Gerard  the  son  died  without  issue,  whereupon 
William  Gerard,  his  brother,  succeeded  to  the  property ;  and 
in  1731,  William  Gerrard  being  in  possession,  his  wife  then 
conveyed  the  property  unto  James  Bock,  banker,  who  died  in 
1734  without  issue,  upon  whose  death  Kichard  Bock  came 
into  possession. 

That  before  his  deaths  in  1746,  Bichard  Bock  conveyed  the 
property  unto  John  Allen  Pusey^  who  remained  in  possession 
until  his  death,  in  1753.  Thereupon  Elizabeth  Brotherton, 
the  wife  of  William  Brotherton,  Esq.  (late  Elizabeth  Allen, 
spinster),  and  Jane  Allen,  spinster,  sister  of  the  said  John 
Allen  Pusey,  came  into  possession,  and  so  remained  till  the 
12th  Feb.  1755. 

Thus,  in  the  course  of  the  interval  between  1716, 
when  John  Gerard  died,  and  1755 — a  period  of  thirty- 


OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  163 

nine  years — the  ownership  had  changed  by  death  or 
conveyance  no  less  than  six  times. 

The  letters  patent  were  a  grant  and  demise  of  the 
property  by  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  Her  Majesty's 
Treasury  to  Thomas  Lloyd,  Esq.,  of  Trefnant,  in  con- 
sideration of  a  fine  of  £300  paid  by  him,  and  a  nominal 
peppercorn  rent,  to  hold  to  Thomas  Lloyd  so  long  as 
the  property  ought  to  remain  in  His  Majesty's  hands, 
by  virtue  of  the  writ  Diem  clausit  extremum. 

Thus  the  property  came  into  Thomas  Lloyd's  hands, 
but  he  had  to  arrange  with  Jane  Allen,  who  was  in 
possession,  and  was  defending  certain  suits  brought  by 
the  Crown  for  the  recovery  of  the  property,  which  he 
did  by  paying  100  guineas  to  her  on  her  releasing  her 
rights.  In  the  release,  it  appears  that  one  considera- 
tion for  the  grant  from  the  Crown  to  Thomaa  Lloyd 
was  that  "  he  was  the  discoverer  of  the  Crown's  right 
thereto". 

In  five  months  after  his  acquisition  of  the  property 
for  £300,  Thomas  Lloyd  commenced  the  process  of 
mortgaging,  at  first  for  £1,000,  and  afterwards  for 
another  £1,000,  and  subsequently  for  much  larger 
amounts. 

On  nth  October  1775,  Thomas  Lloyd  and  Edward 
Lloyd,  his  eldest  son,  had  incumbered  this  property 
(with  others)  to  the  amount  of  £9,100.  On  17th 
October  1775,  Thomas  Lloyd  and  Mary  his  wife,  and 
his  eldest  son  Edward,  suffered  a  recovery  to  bar  the 
entail  of  the  Trefnant  Hall  estate,  to  pay  incumbrances 
specified  in  a  schedule  amounting  to  £24,820,  and 
simple  contract  debts  amounting  to  £1,469.  The  liti- 
gation caused  by  the  complication  of  the  incumbrances 
was  perfectly  fearful,  and  lasted  from  1811  to  1828, 
and  one  death  after  another  occurring,  made  matters 
still  worse.  In  the  end  the  matter  righted  itself  by 
the  representatives  of  the  original  litigants  putting  an 
end  to  the  legal  proceedings,  and  coming  to  a  com- 
promise and  settling  their  respective  rights  peaceably, 
and  perhaps  satisfactorily. 

M  2 


164      HALF-TIMBER  HOUSES    OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

Ultimately,  Trewem  Hall  estate,  with  divers  other 
properties,  was  vested  in  Thomas  Kyffin,  as  trustee,  for 
sale,  and  from  him  Francis  Allen  of  Welshpool,  soli- 
citor, purchased  it  in  1829.  It  is  now  owned  by  Mr. 
WiUiam  Fisher  of  Maesfron,  in  right  of  his  wife  Mary 
Grace,  the  only  surviving  child  of  Francis  AUen  by  his 
wife  Mary  Luxmoore. 


165 


FOLK-LOKE,  SUPERSTITIONS,  OR  WHAT-NOT 

IN  MONTGOMERYSHIRE  AND 

ELSEWHERE. 

By  Rev.  ELIAS  OWEN,  M.A. 


In  the  Montgomeryshire  Collections  for  1874  is  to  be 
found  an  interesting  history  of  the  parish  of  Llan- 
wddyn,  by  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Evans,  vicar  of  the  parish. 
Mr.  Evans  has  collected  the  folk-lore  of  his  secluded 
and  n^ountainous  parish,  and  in  many  respects  this 
portion  of  his  labour  of  love  is  of  great  value.  It  v^ill 
enable  the  collector  of  such  matters  to  draw  compari- 
sons between  the  tales  current  in  the  Principality  and 
those  to  be  found  in  other  counties,  and  in  this  way 
the  origin  of  such  stories  will  be  ascertained,  and  the 
ways  they  took  in  their  peregrinations  ere  they  found 
a  resting-place  amidst  the  silent  valleys  of  Wales  will 
also  become  evident.  It  is  with  a  similar  object  in 
view  that  these  tales,  which  I  have  collected,  are  sent 
to  the  Montgomeryshire  Collections.  They  are  dis- 
appearing, without  a  doubt,  and  the  cottagers  are 
unwilling  to  tell  a  stranger  those  wonderful  things 
that  took  place  years  ago.  They  are  afraid  to  be 
ridiculed  for  their  credulity,  and  rather  than  to  be 
laughed  at,  they  keep  their  treasure  locked  up  in  their 
memories.  Some  readers  of  these  sketches  wiH  not 
speak  of  the  writer  as  a  few  dear  friends  did  lately  to 
whom  he  sent  a  copy  of  his  last  article.  These  friends 
thought  that  I  was  wrong  in  recording  such  incredible 
matter,  for,  said  they,  if  a  clergyman  speaks  of  fairies 
and  ghosts,  and  such  things,  there  are  people  who  will 
believe  every  word  he  says.     Even  at  the  risk  of  being 


166  FOLK-LORE,  SUPER8TITT0NS,  OR  WHAT-NOT 

thus  believed,  I  will  send  another  batch  of  tales  to  the 
Collections,  The  editor  will,  I  am  sure,  divide  the 
responsibility  with  me ;  in  fact,  I  think  he  ought  to 
relieve  me  entirely  of  gJl  responsibility  connected  with 
the  publication  of  these  tales,  for  it  is  at  his  persistent 
requests  that  I  sit  down  to  pen  this  present  article. 
But  to  return  to  Mr.  Evans  s  history  of  Llanwddyn 
parish : — 

Yspryd  Cynon. — One  of  the  naughty  spirits  that 
plagued  the  secluded  valley  of  Llanwddyn,  that  is 
being  converted  into  a  vast  reservoir  to  supply  Liver- 
pool and  other  places  with  water,  was  called  Yspryd 
CynoTiy  t.c,  **  Cynon's  Ghost''.  The  reverend  gentleman 
writes  of  this  spirit  as  follows  : — 

***  Yspryd  Cynon'  was  a  very  mischievous' goblin, 
which  was  put  down  by  *  Die  Spot\  and  put  in  a  quill, 
and  placed  under  a  large  stone  in  the  river  below 
Cynonisaf.  The  stone  is  called  ^Careg  yr  Yspryd'  (the 
ghost  stone).  This  one  received  the  following  instruc- 
tions, that  he  was  to  remain  under  the  stone  until  the 
water  should  work  its  way  between  the  stone  and  the 
dry  land." 

The  poor  spirit,  to  all  appearance,  was  doomed  to  a 
very  long  imprisonment,  but  it  did  not,  nor  did  "  Die 
Spot",  foresee  the  wants  of  Liverpool.  I  might  here 
say  that  there  is  another  version  current  in  the  parish 
besides  that  given  by  Mr.  Evans,  which  is  that  the 
spirit  was  to  lie  under  the  stone  until  the  river  was 
dried  up.  Perhaps  both  conditions  were,  to  make 
things  safe,  imposed  upon  the  captive  spirit. 

The  Careg  y  Yspryd  and  Cynonisaf  were  at  the 
entrance  into  the  vale  of  Llanwddyn,  and  down  this 
opening,  or  mouth  of  the  valley,  rushed  the  river — the 
river  that  is  to  be  dammed  up  for  the  use  of  Liver- 
pool— and  on  each  side  rise  the  mountains,  widening 
so  as  to  form  an  elongated  valley,  which  is  protected 
on  three  sides  from  all  the  winds  of  heaven.  This 
peculiarly  formed  valley  was  evidently  intended  for 
the  purpose  it  is  now  put  to.     A  dam  in  the  entrance. 


IN   MOKTG0MERY8HIRE  AND   ELSEWHERB.  167 

and  there  the  reservoir  is,  large  enough  to  supply  any 
number  of  towns  with  pure,  if  not  clear,  water.  But, 
I  fancy,  the  old  inhabitants  of  the  valley  look  upon  the 
engineers  and  the  works  that  are  proceeding  not  alto- 
gether with  pleasure.  The  church  and  the  churchyard 
are,  it  is  true,  to  be  removed,  and  the  bodies  of  the 
departed  are  to  be  raised  and  transferred  to  a  new 
graveyard  which  has  been  formed.  Cottages,  though, 
are  to  be  left  in  the  waters,  associations  are  to  be 
destroyed,  and  the  homes  of  all  in  the  valley  are  to  be 
no  more.  A  huge  lake  is  to  cover  all.  Proceedings 
such  as  these  are  ever  repugnant  to  the  home-loving 
mountaineer,  and  for  many  a  long  year  the  spots 
endeared  by  many  an  event  will  be  cherished  in  the 
memory,  and  spoken  of,  and  if  possible  pointed  out,  to 
children  by  the  parents  who  give  up  tneir  abodes  to 
enable  this  lake  to  be  formed.  They  perhaps  had 
some  lingering  superstitions,  too,  respecting  their 
mountain  valley.  It  is  a  fact  that  they  all  had  heard 
of  the  spirit  laid  under  the  stone  which  was  to  be 
removed  by  the  workmen  engaged  by  the  Corpoi-ation 
of  Liverpool.  The  stone  was  known  to  old  people, 
middle-aged,  and  little  ones ;  it  was  the  place  where 
the  spirit  was,  and  they  feared  much  its  being  dis- 
turbed. There  it  was,  a  large  boulder,  from  fifteen  to 
twenty  tons  in  weight,  on  the  very  spot  where  the  dam 
was  to  be  raised.  The  stone,  therefore,  was  doomed  to 
destruction.  It  was  in  the  river  Vyrnwy  just  where 
operations  were  to  be  commenced.  There  was  no  small 
stir  among  the  Welsh  inhabitants  when  preparations 
were  made  to  blast  the  huge  spirit-stone.  English  and 
Irish  workmen  felt  not  as  did  the  Welsh  towards  this 
stone,  but  they  knew  what  was  said  about  it.  They, 
however,  had  no  dread  nor  scruples  respecting  the 
stone.  It  was  bored,  the  djmamite  load  was  fired,  but 
still  the  stone  was  not  shattered ;  about  four  feet 
square  was  left  intact,  and  underneath  this  the  spirit 
was,  if  he  were  anywhere.  The  practical  ganger  again 
set  the  men  at  work  to  blast  the  stone.     The  Welsh- 


.168  FOLK-LORE,  SUPERSTITIONS,  OR  WHAT-NOT 

men  expected  some  catastrophe  to  follow  its  destruction, 
and  they  were  even  prepared  to  see  the  spirit  bodQy 
emerge  from  its  prison ;  for,  said  they,  the  conditions 
of  its  retention  have  been  fulfilled — the  river  had  been 
diverted  from  its  old  bed  into  an  artificial  channel,  to 
facilitate  the  removal  of  this  and  other  stones — and 
whether  the  one  or  the  other,  or  both  conditions,  had 
been  imposed  on  the  spirit,  the  Welsh  workmen  thought 
it  had  justice  on  its  side,  and  could  claim  its  release. 
The  last  part  of  the  stone  was  blasted,  and  when  the 
smoke  had  cleared  away,  strange  to  relate,  the  water, 
a  small  pool  underneath  the  stone,  was  seen  to  move. 
It  was  in  considerable  commotion.  There  was  no 
reason  for  this,  unless,  indeed,  the  spirit  was  about  to 
appear.  The  v^orkmen  were  alarmed,  and  moved  oS 
from  the  stone,  keeping,  however,  their  eyes  fixed  on 
the  pool.  The  basin-like  cavity  that  had  been  covered 
by  the  stone  was  filled  with  water,  and  this  was  plainly 
moving.  The  mystery  was  shortly  solved,  for  a  large 
frog  made  its  appearance,  and,  sedately  sitting  on  a 
fragment  of  the  shattered  stone,  rubbed  its  eyes  with 
its  hands,  aa  if  awakening  from  a  sleep  of  ages.  But 
the  question  arose,  was  it  a  frog  ?  might  it  not  be  the 
spirit  in  the  form  of  a  frog  ?  If  it  were  a  real  frog, 
why  was  it  not  killed  when  the  stone  was  blasted  ?  and 
further,  who  ever  saw  a  frog  sit  up  in  that  fashion  and 
rub  the  dust  out  of  its  eyes  ?  It  must  be  the  spirit. 
There  the  workmen  stood,  at  a  respectable  distance 
from  the  frog,  who,  heedless  of  the  marked  attention 
paid  to  it,  continued  rubbing  its  eyes.  They  would 
not  approach  it,  for  it  must  be  the  spirit,  and  no  one 
knew  ^hat  its  next  movements  might  be.  Before 
work  could  be  resumed,  the  ganger  was  himself  obliged 
to  go  to  the  frog  and  drive  it  away.  The  men  then 
recommenced  their  laboura.  But  for  nights  afterwards 
everybody  passing  the  spot  heard  something  dragging 
heavy  chains  along  the  ground  where  the  stone  once 
stood. 

A  tale  something  like  the  above,  and  also  similar  to 


IN   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   AND    ELSEWHERE.  169 

the  one  that  I  have  already  recorded  in  connection 
with  the  Short  Bridge,  Llanidloes,  was  given  me  by 
Mr.  Roberts,  schoolmaster,  Llandegla.  I  will  call  it 
the  Spirit  of  Llandegla,  for  there  the  troublesome  spirit 
was  placed. 

Llandegla  Spirit. — A  small  river  runs  close  to  the 
village  of  Llandegla,  a  wild  mountain  stream,  and  in 
its  waters  a  bad  spirit  lies.  The  tale  is  as  follows  : — 
The  old  rectory  at  Llandegla  was  haunted ;  the  spirit 
was  very  troublesome  ;  no  peace  was  to  be  got ;  every 
night  it  was  to  be  heard  at  its  work.  A  person  of  the 
name  of  Griffiths,  who  lived  at  Graianrhyd,  was  sent 
for  to  lay  the  spirit.  He  came  to  the  rectory,  but  the 
spirit  could  not  be  overcome.  It  is  true  he  saw  it,  but 
it  was  in  such  a  form  that  Griffiths  could  not  overcome 
it ;  night  after  night  the  spirit  appeared  in  various 
forms,  but  the  conjurer  was  unable  to  master  it.  At 
last  it  came  to  the  wise  man  in  the  shape  of  a  spider, 
and  he  bounced  upon  it,  and  placed  it  into  a  small  box. 
The  box  he  placed  under  a  large  stone  in  the  river,  just 
below  the  bridge,  near  the  Llandegla  Mills,  and  there 
the  spirit  was  to  remain  until  k  certain  tree,  which 
grew  by  the  bridge,  should  be  as  high  as  the  bridge ; 
then,  when  this  took  place,  he  was  to  be  at  liberty. 
To  prevent  the  tree  from  growing,  the  school  children, 
even  to  this  day,  nip  its  upper  branches  to  prevent  or 
retard  its  growth.  The  stone,  Mr.  Roberts  says,  which 
was  pointed  out  to  him  as  that  that  overlaid  the  spirit, 
seems  to  be  a  part  of  a  rock,  and  not  a  stone  at  all ; 
and,  he  adds,  "  how  the  box  could  be  placed  there  by 
human  means  is  to  me  a  mystery''.  Mr.  Roberts 
received  the  above  history  of  this  spirit's  retention  from 
the  old  parish  clerk,  John  Jones,  Gwydd  (weaver). 

I  will  now  return  to  Montgomeryshire.  It  is  not 
often  that  one  meets  with  superstitious  tales  in  towns, 
but  there  is  one  in  Montgomery  that  has  a  certain 
amount  of  corrolDorative  evidence  of  the  truth  thereof. 
I  allude  to  the  "  Robber's  Grave",  Montgomery.  This 
legend  has  appeared  in  print.     I  have  read  the  story, 


170         FOLK-LORE,  SUPBRSTITIOKS,  OR  WHAT-NOT 

but  it  was  Dot  what  I  had  read  that  made  an  impres- 
sion upon  me,  but  what  I  heard  eome  thirty-five  years 
ago  or  so,  at  the  town  itself.  I  made  the  acquaintance 
of  a  native — ^a  blind  carpenter — ^a  very  intelligent 
person,  and  just  the  one  that  a  lad  would  delight  to 
listen  to.  It  was  from  him  I  got  the  tale  that  I 
remember.  He  was  an  old  man,  and  not  far  removed 
from  the  sad  event  which  he  related  to  me.  But  I 
wiU  throw  what  I  have  to  say  under  a  heading;  it  is — 
"  The  Robber's  Grave." — My  informant,  the  old 
blind  carpenter,  told  me  that  a  stranger  came  to 
reside  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Montgomery — I  think 
he  said  at  a  farm.  No  one  knew  whence  he  came,  nor 
what  he  had  been,  and  he  was  reticent  upon  all  per- 
sonal matters.  This  caused  the  man  to  be  spoken  of 
and  suspected,  but  there  was  nothing  in  his  conduct, 
excepting  this  silence  as  to  his  own  matters,  that 
anyone  could  blame  ;  on  the  contrary,  he  was  most 
exemplary,  and  by  his  assiduity  and  trustworthy  be- 
haviour he  gained  the  full  confidence  of  his  master 
and  family.  It  was  said  he  loved  his  employer's 
daughter,  and  that  this  love  was  reciprocal.  But 
something  had  been  stolen — I  think  my  informant  said 
sheep — and  the  silent  man  was  suspected.  He  was 
arrested  and  condemned  to. death.  He  pleaded  inno- 
cence of  that  offence  for  which  he  was  to  be  hung,  but 
in  a  general  way  he  spoke  of  being  in  other  matters 
not  guiltless.  The  judge,  however,  pronounced  his 
doom,  and  the  man  then  invoked  the  Great  Ruler  of 
all  things  to  vindicate  his  innocence  to  that  generation 
by  not  permitting  grass  to  grow  on  his  grave.  This 
solemn  appeal  was  without  effect,  and  the  day  for  the 
execution  came.  It  was  a  shocking  day;  tne  storm 
was  terrific.  At  the  time  fixed  for  the  sad  event  no 
one  dare  move  for  the  storm ;  the  procession  was  in 
consequence  delayed.  But  at  last  it  cleared  up,  and 
the  man  was  hung.  When  he  was  suspended,  a  beau- 
tiful white  dove  rested  above  his  head.  This  was 
seen  by  people,  and  they  said  it  was  a  proof  of  his 


IN   MONTGOMERYSHIRE    AND   ELSEWHERE.  I7l 

innocence.  The  man  was  buried  in  the  churchyard, 
and,  singularly  enough,  no  grass  grew  on  his  grave. 
This  was  the  substance,  as  far  as  I  can  recollect,  of  the 
tale  told  me,  some  thirty-five  years  ago,  by  a  man  who 
was,  perhaps,  then  about  seventy  years  old  I  went 
then  to  the  churchyard,  and  had  no  difficulty  in  find- 
ing the  **  Robber's  Grave".  It  was  a  long  strip  of 
ground,  longer  than  the  length  of  the  body  of  an 
ordinary-sized  man,  with  no  grass  on  it,  and,  by  the 
place  where  the  neck  would  be,  the  grass  approached 
to  a  point,  but  did  not  come  in  contact.  The  first 
generation  had  then  gone  by  ;  still  there  was  no  grass 
on  the  grave.  I  have  not  since  visited  the  grave,  so 
I  do  not  know  the  state  it  is  now  in. 

The  following  pretty  lines,  in  Original  Poems  by 
Olive  (The  Hollies  Farm,  Churchstoke),  edited  by 
Mr.  B.  Jasper  More  (London :  Simpkin,  Marshall,  and 
Co.),  are  worthy  of  a  place  in  the  pages  of  the  Mont- 
gomeryshire Collections.  What  I  have  written  above 
coincides  with  "  Olive's"  sweet  verses : — 

**The  Robber^s  Grave'^  in  Montgomery  Ohurchyard. 

^*  Low  in  the  churchyard,  green  and  fair,  where  leaves  and  bloaooms 
wave. 
Is  shown  a  strip  of  barren  earth,  'tis  called  the  *  Robber's  Grave'. 
From  other  graves  it  lies  remote,  no  turfy  mound  is  near ; 
No  letter'd  stone  is  there  to  tell  the  sadly-closed  career, 
Yet  oft  the  traveller's  footsteps  pause,  and  children  linger  there 
With  simple  awe  to  hear  the  tale  of  why  the  grave  is  bare. 
Tradition  says  that  eighty  years  their  chequered  course  have  run 
Since  near  Montgomery's  ancient  town  a  reckless  crime  was  done ; 
The  ix>bbers  laid  their  plot  so  well,  that  while  unharmed  they  fled, 
The  burden  of  their  wicked  act  fell  on  a  guiltless  head. 
A  deftly-woven  tale  of  guilt  but  all  too  smoothly  ran, 
And  soon  the  law's  most  harsh  decree  condemned  the  friendless 
man. 

"  And  he,  as  one  tired  out  with  life,  in  meekness  bowed  his  head, 
But  ere  he  met  his  awful  doom  these  words  prophetic  said : 
*  Confession  of  my  sins  I  make  to  God,  and  Him  alone  j 
My  perfect  innocence  of  this  hereafter  shall  be  known  : 
Life  hath  but  little  charm  for  me  ;  there  is  but  one  I  leave 
Who  loves  me,  branded  as  I  am  ;  for  her  dear  sake  I  grieve. 


172  FOLK-LORE,  SUPERSTITIONS,  OR  WHAT-NOT 

And  for  the  sake  of  her  alone  I  wish  to  clear  my  name, 

That  she  may  know  the  heart  she  prized  was  free,  at  least,  from 

shame. 
And  God  will  grant  this  prayer,  that  all  my  innocence  may  see, 
My  grave,  for  more  than  fifty  years,  a  barren  spot  shall  be. 
And  not  a  blade  of  grass  thereon  its  dewy  head  shall  bow, 
Unless  ye  find  the  man  for  whose  dark  crime  I  suffer  now.' 

'*  Twice  forty  years  have  passed  since  then,  the  grave  may  yet  be  seen. 
All  sterile,  bare,  and  desolate,  amid  surrounding  green ; 
Though  she  of  whom  he  spake  had  brought  full  many  a  root  and 

stem — 
In  vain  !  the  earth  which  covered  him  refused  to  succour  them ; 
And  though  she  watched  them  mom  and  eve,  they  withered  every 

one, 
And  ne'er  a  flower  expanded  there  its  beauties  to  the  sun. 
She  knew  that  he  was  innqpent,  whate'er  the  world  might  say, 
And  for  his  sake  alone  she  trod  life's  dull,  unequal  way. 
And  men  with  saddened  eyes  pass  by  that  barren  spot  of  ground  ; 
Still  stands  the  grey  old  church,  and  still  on  all  the  graves  around 
The  roses  blush  and  fuchsias  trail,  and  grasses  richly  wave, 
But  never  leaf  or  blade  has  grown  above  the  Robber's  Grave  !" 

The  following  tale  in  verse,  by  "  Olive",  called 
"Mitcheirs  Fold'',  near  Corndon,  is  not  without  its 
parallel  in  other  places.  The  tale  differs  in  some  par- 
ticulars from  those  I  have  heard  elsewhere,  and  in  one 
of  my  papers  I  shall  refer  to  these  differences,  birt  at 
present  I  will  only  give  "  Olive's"  version  of  the  tale  as 
she  has  heard  and  relates  it. 

"  Mitchell's  Fold'',  near  Corndon. 

"  Once  through  the  land,  the  old  folks  say,  a  mighty  famine  spread, 
Old  age  and  tender  infancy  died  out  for  lack  of  bread. 
And  brave,  strong  men  grew  pale  with  want  and  hollow-eyed  with 

grief, 
I'o  see  their  dear  ones  suffering  when  there  was  no  relief. 
No  more  the  labourer's  happy  song  woke  with  the  summer's  mom, 
No  more  the  farmer's  wide -stretched  fields  stood  thick  with  full- 
eared  com, 
For  cruel  famine  ruled  the  land,  and  want's  relentless  ire 
Had  long  since  hushed   the   children's  laugh,  and   damped  the 

cottage  fire. 
But  there  were  fairies  in  those  days  (I  wish  there  were  some  now), 
And  one  came  through  the  country  then,  and  brought  with  her  a 


IN   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   AND   ELSEWHERE.  173 

A  snow-white  cow,  whose  shape  and  size  old  people  speak  of  still — 
And  closed  her  in  the  circle  of  grey  stones  on  Stapeley  Hill, 
And  bade  the  starving  peasant  wives  each  night  and  morning  go, 
With  one  pail  each,  and  milk,  she  said,  should  never  cease  to  flow. 
What  words  can  tell  the  joy  with  which  this  bounty  was  received ! 
What  weakly  lives  grew  strong  again,  what  misery  was  relieved  ! 
And  how  they  blessed  the  fairy  cow,  who  had  such  ample  store. 
That  e'en  where  crowds  were  satisfied,  could  yield  one  pailful  more. 
Now  in  the  country  dwelt  a  witch,  an  ill-disposed  old  crone, 
Who  practised  not  the  good  advice  of  *  letting  well  alone'; 
Besides,  it  grieved  her  that,  although  she  had  in  sorcery  dealt. 
The  people  had  not  sought  her  aid  when  this  distress  was  felt, 
So  for  their  harm  she  wrought  her  spells,  but  vainly  tried  them  o'er, 
Til]  she  recalled  the  fairy's  words,  *  One  pailful  each — no  mora' 
Then  with  fell  glee  she  took  her  pail,  the  bottom  broke  away. 
And  placed  a  sieve  where  it  had  been,  and  started  off,  they  say, 
Before  the  sunrise  lit  the  earth,  or  any  one  was  near 
To  see  that  she  so  drew  the  milk  that  it  might  disappear. 
And  by  this  means  the  spell  was  loosed,  the  white  cow  sank  away 
Down  through  the  ground,  but  in  the  stones  the  witch  was  forced 

to  stay; 
And  when  the  thronging  people  came  they  found  the  woman  there. 
With  her  false  pail ;  the  much -loved  cow  they  saw  not  anywhere. 
They  saw  the  wasted  milk,  and  then  knew  what  the  witch  had 

done, 
So  walled  her  up  and  left  her  in  that  living  tomb  of  stone. 
The  famine  passed :  but  still  this  tale  is  in  the  country  told, 
Of  how  the  witch  was  starved  to  death,  walled  up  in  Mitchell's 

Fold." 

Hitherto  no  mention  has  been  made  of  brain  waves 
in  these  papers,  but  a  few  stra,nge  dreams  or  visions 
have  found  a  place  in  my  notes  on  folk-lore,  and  one  of 
these  shall  be  the  closing  part  of  my  present  contri- 
bution. 

A  Brain  Wave. — Mr.  Hugh  Lloyd,  Uanfihangel, 
Glyn  Myfyr,  who  received  the  same  from  Dr.  Davies, 
the  gentleman  who  figures  in  this  tale,  informed  me  of 
the  following  curious  incident : — 

Doctor  Davies  of  Cerrigydrudion  had  gone  to  bed 
and  slept,  but  in  the  night  he  heard  some  one  under 
his  bedroom  window  shout  that  he  was  wanted  in  a 
farmhouse,  called  Craigeirchan,  which  was  three  miles 
from  the  doctor's  abode,  and  the  way  thereto  was  at  all 
times  beset  with  difficulties,  such  as  opening  and  shut- 


1  74  FOKK-LORE,  SUPERSTITIONS,  OR  WHAT-NOT. 

ting  the  many  gates,  but  of  a  night  the  journey  to  this 
mountain  farm  was  one  that  few  would  care  of  taking 
unless  called  to  do  so  by  urgent  business.  The  doctor 
did  not  pay  much  attention  to  the  first  request,  but  he 
lay  quietly  on  the  bed  listening,  and  almost  imme- 
diately he  heard  the  same  voice  requesting  him  to  go 
at  once  to  Craigeirchan,  as  he  was  wanted  there.  He 
now  got  up  to  the  window,  but  could  not  see  anyone  ; 
but  for  the  third  time  he  was  told  to  go  to  the  farm 
named ;  and  now  he  opened  the  window,  and  said  that 
he  would  follow  the  messenger  forthwith.     The  doctor 

got  up,  went  to  the  stable,  saddled  the  horse,  and  off 
e  started  for  a  long,  dismal  ride  over  a  wild  tract  of 
mountain  country.  Such  a  journey  he  had  often  taken. 
He  was  not  surprised  that  he  could  not  see  nor  hear 
anyone  in  advance,  for  he  knew  that  Welsh  lads  are 
nimble  of  foot,  and  could,  by  cutting  across  fields,  etc., 
outstrip  a  rider.  At  last  he  neared  the  house  where 
he  was  wanted,  and  m  the  distance  he  saw  a  light,  and 
by  this  sign  he  was  convinced  that  there  was  sickness 
in  the  house.  He  drove  up  to  the  door  and  entered 
the  abode,  to  the  surprise  but  great  joy  of  the  inmates. 
To  his  inquiry  after  the  person  who  had  been  sent  to 
him,  he  was  told  that  no  one  had  left  the  house,  nor 
had  anyone  been  requested  by  the  family  to  go  to  the 
doctor.  But  he  was  told  his  services  were  greatly 
wanted,  for  the  wife  was  about  to  become  a  mother, 
and  the  doctor  was  instrumental  in  saving  both  the 
life  of  the  child  and  mother. 

What  makes  this  tale  all  the  more  curious,  is  the 
fact  that  the  doctor  was  an  unbeliever  in  such  things 
as  ghosts,  etc.,  and  enjoyed  a  quiet  laugh  over  the 
tales  he  heard  of  a  supernatural  kind.  Mr.  Lloyd 
asked  the  doctor  whether  he  had  heard  of  the  woman's 
condition,  but  he  affirmed  he  was  ignorant  of  every- 
thing connected  with  the  place  and  family. 


175 


EFFIGY  OF  A  KNIGHT  IN  LLANFAIR 
CAEREINION  CHURCH. 

By  Rev.  W.  V.  LLOYD,  M.A.,  F.R.G.S. 


Identification  op  the  Knight. 

This  recumbent  figure,  which  doubtless  in  ages  past 
formed  the  covering  of  an  altar  tomb,  remains  a  memo- 
rial of  considerable  local  interest.  Hitherto  it  has 
been  brought  to  notice,  with  the  view  of  its  identifi- 
cation, by  two  lithographic  sketches  of  it  (one  of  them 
in  profile)  in  vol.  x,  p.  133  of  the  Montgomeryshire 
Collections.  Detailed  and  technical  descriptions  of  this 
armed  figure,  of  great  value  as  to  chronological  accu- 
racy, have  been  submitted  to  our  readers  by  Mr. 
Matthew  Holbeche  Bloxam,  F.S.A.,  and  the  late  Rev. 
C.  Boutell,  A.M.,  with  the  view  of  settling  the  era  of 
the  personage  it  is  intended  to  represent ;  and  to  those 
who  hold  in  deservedly  high  esteem  such  respectable 
authorities,  it  will  be  a  matter  of  considerable  satisfac- 
tion to  find  extant  charters  and  records  bearing  out 
their  conclusions  as  experts  of  considerable  merit.  It 
will  be  interesting  here  to  state  that,  according  to  Mr. 
Bloxam's  opinion,  the  eflfigy  is  of  the  latter  portion  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  from  1370-1390,  and  that 
Mr.  Boutell  assigned  it  to  about  the  year  1405.  There 
is  every  reason  mr  supposing  that  the  individual  com- 
memorated died  about  this  time. 

Around  the  belt  of  the  marble  eflSgy  of  the  knight  is 
an  inscription  which  the  Rev.  Canon  D.  R.  Thomas, 
Vicar  of  Meivod,  after  many  careful  inspections,  has 
pronounced  to  be — 

"Sfc  jacet  fflabtt  ap  Otutt  [     Jan." 


176  EFFIGY   OF  A   KNIGHT 

With  good  reason  he  has  concluded,  as  the  sequel  will 
show,  that  "  Vych"  should  fill  the  hiatus.  The  inscrip- 
tion, in  its  present  condition  much  worn,  originally 
stood  thus  : — 

''  l^tc  jacet  !Ba&tt  ap  (SxuS.  IJiid^an." 

Now  it  can  be  shown  that  this  "  David  ap  Griflfith 
Vychan"  was  of  illustrious  descent.  An  extract  from 
the  Cedwyn  MS.,  under  "  Neuaddwen'V  gives  the 
genealogy  of  his  great-grandson,  "leuan  (Evan)  ap 
Owen  ap  Meredydd  ap  Daffydd  ap  Gruffydd  Vychan 
ap  Gruffydd  (Vyrgoch)  ap  Eignion  ap  Ednyved  ap 
Sulien  ap  Caradoc  ap  CoUwyn  ap  Y  Llys'  Graff  o  Feivod 
(Meivod)  ap  Meredydd  ap  Cynan  (brother  to  Gruffydd 
ap  Cynan,  Prince  of  North  Wales)."  David  ap  Griffith 
Vychan  was  lord  of  Rhiwhirieth,  in  the  parish  of 
Llanfair  Caereinion,  and  of  Neuaddwen  and  Coedtalog 
in  the  adjoining  parish  of  Llanervyl.  From  a  statis- 
tical account^  of  the  latter  parish  we  gather  that  "  the 
most  ancient  mansion-house  in  these  parts  .is  Neudd- 
wen,  in  the  parish  of  LlanervyL  This  was  the  seat  of 
Meredydd  ap  Kynan,  brother  of  Gruffydd  ap  Kynan, 
Prince  of  Wales,  who  served  the  Princes  of  Powys, 
and  was  termed  lord  of  Rhiwhirieth,  Coedtalog,  and 
Neuaddwen."  The  arms  of  the  family,  bearing  a  great 
resemblance  to  those  borne  by  the  sovereigns  of  North 
Wales,  were — "  Quarterly,  azure  and  gules,  four  lions 
passant,  counterchanged  of  the  field."  The  estate  of 
Neuaddwen  was  divided  and  subdivided,  according  to 
the  custom  of  gavelkind,  until  the  time  of  leuan  ap 
Owen  (great-grandson  of  *' David  ap  Gruffydd  Vychan"), 
"  the  last  of  the  male  issue  of  Meredydd  ap  Cynan  (?), 
whose  two  (?)  daughters  and  co-heiresses  were  married, 
the  one  to  the  Llwydiarth  family,  the  other  to  that  of 
Newtown  Hall".» 

»  Mont.  Coll,  vol.  X,  p.  20. 

2  By  William  Jones  of  Dolhowel,  quoted  in  the  Cedwyn  MS., 
probably  by  the  Rev.  Walter  Davies,  late  Rector  of  Mansion,  and 
afterwards  Vicar  of  Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant. 

'  Cambrian  Register,  vol.  ii,  p.  ^83. 


IN  LLANFAIR   CABREINION   CHURCH.  177 

The  Add.  MS.  No.  9865,  British  Museum,  under 
"  Llanerfyi  Neuadd  Wen",  supplies  further  details  of 
the  family  history : — 

"  When  David  ap  Owen  succeeded  to  the  throne  of 
Gwynedd,  on  the  death  of  his  brave  but  unfortunate 
brother  Hywel,  he  expelled  all  his  numerous  brothers 
and  nephews  from  his  territories,  in  the  year  1173. 
His  nephew  Meredydd,  son  of  his  brother  Cynan  ab 
Owen  Gwynedd,  sought  refuge  in  Powys,  when  Owen 
Cyfeiliog,  Prince  of  Powys  (whose  consort  was  Gwen- 
llian,  daughter  of  Owen  Gwynedd),  made  him  a  grant 
of  the  lordships  of  Rhiwhiraeth  Llyssyn  and  Coed 
Talog." 

Some  genealogists  Have,  however,  held  the  opinion 
that  Meredydd,  the  brother  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cynvyn, 
Prince  of  Powys,  was  the  ancestor  of  the  family. 
Without  data  to  fulfil  the  hopeless  task  of  endeavour- 
ing to  reconcile  such  conflicting  opinions,  it  is  quite 
within  the  range  of  probability  that  some  other  Mere- 
dith was  the  actual  progenitor  of  the  race.  We  have, 
however,  distinct  mention  of  some  of  the  earlier  gene- 
rations in  the  line  of  succession.  For  example,  "  Suglen 
filio  Carodauc"  was  second  witness  to  Owen  Cyfeiliog  s 
foundation  charter  of  Strata  Marcella,  a.d.  1170. 

In  1202  Prince  Gwenwynwyn's  confirmation  charter 
to  the  monks  was  witnessed  by  "  Suliam  Archidiacono 
et  duobis  filiis  ejus  Eyniaun  et  Idinevet." 

In  1204,  the  same  witness  a  grant  of  Meuric  Sais, 
the  son  of  GriflBth,  to  the  monks. 

In  10th  King  John,  7  October  1208,  "  Griffinum 
filium  Eyneon  filii  Sulien'',  doubtless  then  a  youth,  was 
given  as  one  of  the  twenty  hostages  by  Prince  Gwen- 
wynwyn  to  the  King. 

Einion,  the  son  of  Idinevet,  the  witness  in  1204, 
carried  on  the  succession,  and  was  the  great-grandfather 
of  David  ap  GriflBth  Vychan,  the  knight  in  effigy. 

His  son,  Meredydd  ap  David  ap  Grifl&th  Vychan,  we 
shall  see,  was  living,  and  had  held  lands  in  the  lordship 
of  Caereinion,  in  the  year  1418.    He  married  Margaret, 

VOL.    XVII.  N 


178  EFFIGY   OF   A   KNIGHT 

fourth  daughter  of  leuan  ap  Madoc  ap  Gwenwys  of 
Garth,  in  the  parish  of  Guilsfield,  and  aunt  of  Sir 
Griffith  Vaughan,  Knight-Banneret,  of  Garth.  Of  their 
three  sons,  Owen  ap  Meredith,  David  Lloyd  ap  Mere- 
dith, and  Griffith  ap  Meredith,  the  first  succeeded  to 
Rhiwhirieth,  Neuaddwen,  and  probably  Coedtalog, 
leaving  a  son,  leuan  or  Evan,  the  last  male  of  his  line. 
Margaret,  the  daughter  of  the  latter,  married  three 
times,  and  does  not  seem  to  have  had  any  sisters.  She 
first  married  Howell  ap  Griffith  ap  Jenkin,  ancestor  of 
the  Vaughans  of  Llwydiarth;  secondly,  Rhys  ap  David 
Lloyd,  Esquire  of  the  Body  to  Edward  IV,  ancestor  of 
the  Pryces  of  Newtown  Hall.  Rhys  being  killed  at 
Banbury  in  1468,  Margaret  married,  thirdly,  Griffith  ap 
Howell  ap  David  Bowdler  of  Bacheldre,  Qiurchstoke, 
who  in  5  Henry  VII,  1489,  was  a  claimant  of  the 
manor  of  Marrington,^  then  in  possession  of  David 
Lloyd  and  his  wife  Margaret  Middleton,  heiress  of 
Marrington.  Meredydd,  the  son  of  the  knight,  it  has 
been  said,  was  living  in  1418.  On  the  Feast  of  St. 
Augustin,  26th  May,  6  Henry  V,  a  charter  of  pardon  for 
acts  of  rebellion  under  Owen  Glendower,  and  for  restora- 
tion of  lands,  was  granted  by  Sir  Edward  de  Charleton, 
Lord  of  Powys,  at  ''our  manor  of  Mathaval",  to  "  Mere- 
duth  ap  David  ap  Gruffiith  Vichan  ap  Gruffuth  ap 
Eynyon  de  dominio  nostro  de  Kerynyon".' 

By  charter  dated  the  year  before,  8th  June,  5  Henry V, 
1417,  his  three  sons,  Owen  ap  Mereduth  ap  David 
ap  Gruffuth  Vichan,  David  Lloit  ap  Mereduth,  et  Gru- 
ffith  ap  Mereduth,  had  a  similar  charter  of  pardoa 
granted  to  them  by  the  Lord  of  Powys.  It  is  not  too 
much  to  suppose  that  the  doughty  Knight  of  Rhiw- 
hirieth, David  ap  Gruffith  Vychan  himself,  fell  fighting 
in  the  same  cause  which  made  rebels  of  his  son  and 
grandsons,  and  that  some  time  between  the  year  1400, 
when  the  Welsh  insurrection  under  Glendower  arose, 

*  Mont.  Colly  vol.  vi,  p.  67. 
■  *  Mont  ColL^  vol.  iv,  p.  339,  where  he  has  been  mistaken  for  the 
ancestor  of  the  Wynnes  of  Dolarddyn  in  Castle  Caereinion. 


IN   LLANPAIR  CAEREINION   CHURCH.  179 

and  the  year  1415,  when,  on  the  accession  of  Henry  V, 
a  pardon  was  offered  to  the  Cambrian  chieftain,  the 
eflSgy  of  to-day  sealed  the  altar  tomb  containing  the 
mortal  remains  of  "  Davit  ap  Gruff.  Vychan." 

His  grandson,  "  Owen  ap  Mereduth  of  Neuddwen", 
appears  on  the  Welshpool  burgess  roll  in  1406.  Next 
to  him  jDn  the  roU  occurs  his  first  cousin,  "S'r  Griffith 
Vanghan  ap  Gwenwys,  K't." 

Owen  had  a  grant  of  land  from  Henry  Grey,  Earl  of 
Tankerville,  as  Lord  Powys,  in  the  year  1446.  The 
deed  mentions  his  son  leuan  (Evan),  the  father  of 
Margaret,  the  heiress  of  Neuaddwen,  etc.  The  great 
bulk  of  the  estates  enjoyed  by  Owen's  line  went  of 
course  to  the  Issue  by  her  several  marriages.  Neuadd- 
wen went  to  her  son  Thomas  Pryce,  son  of  Rhys  David 
Lloyd  of  Newtown.  His  son,  Oliver  Pryce,  younger 
brother  of  Matthew  Pryce  of  Newtown,  sheriff  in  1548, 
carried  Neuaddwen  to  his  son  Robert,  who  buUt  the 
bridge  still  called  Pont  Robert  ap  Oliver.  Coed  Talog 
went  to  the  Llwydiarth  family.  It  was  held,  28th 
Elizabeth,  by  **  Howellus  Vaughan  de  Coidtaloge,  gen.", 
brother  of  John  ap  Owen  Vaughan  of  Llwydiarth, 
sheriff  in  1583. 

Owen's  brothers,  David  Lloyd  and  Griffith,  the  par- 
doned rebels  in  1417,  left  descendants,  Jacobus  ap  D'd 
Lloyd  de  Llanvaire,  gen.,  on  the  grand  jury  37  Elizabeth. 

"  M'edd  (Meredith)  Lloyd  de  Brynellen,  gen.'',  and 
"  Humffrus  Lloyd  de  Llanvayre,  gen.",  occurring  on 
juries  in  1611,  were  brothers,  and  in  the  fourth  genera- 
tion from  David  Lloyd.^ 

Griffith,  the  third  pardoned  son  of  Meredith  ap 
David  ap  Gniff.  Vychan,  also  left  issue.  His .  great- 
grand-daughter,  Gwenllian,^  daughter  of  Meredith  ap 
David  Lloyd  ap  Griffith,  married  Reynold  ap  David  ap 
Griffith  ap  Dai  ap  Madock  Lloyd  ap  David  Vain.  If 
not  the  heiress  of  Brynglas,  she  was  the  maternal  an- 

>  Cedwyn  MS.,  Moni.  Coll.,  vol.  viii,  p.  414. 

2  Ltwys  Dwnn^  vol.  i,  p.  287,  under  "  Bryn  Glas". 

N  2 


180  EFFIGY   OF   A   KNIGHT. 

cestress  of  a  family  seated  there  for  several  genera- 
tions. Her  great-grandson,  Oliver  Jones,  son  of  John  ap 
David  ap  Reynald  de  Bringlase,  died  in  1712,  aged  87; 
and  a  "David  Jones  de  Bringlase"  died  in  1705,  aged 
85.  Their  monuments  are  now  in  the  church  {Mont. 
Coll,  vol.  xvi,  p.  351). 

The  identification  of  this  effigy  affords  an  interesting 
example  of  the  results  of  combined  action  and  the 
utility  of  association  in  discovering  the  history  of  a 
relic  at  first  sight  hopelessly  lost. 

Close  upon  five  centuries  has  it  had  the  parish 
church  as  a  habitation.  Popular  tradition  could  assign 
it  no  other  name  than  that  of  Einion,  the  son  of 
Cunedda  Wledig,  who,  living  in  the  4th  century,  gave 
his  name  to  the  district  of  Caer  Einion. 

Misrepresented  for  centuries,  its  voice,  as  it  were 
from  the  tomb,  has  spoken.  Emerging  from  the  gloom 
of  the  past,  the  stone  statue,  like  mat  of  the  Commen- 
datore  in  "Don  Giovanni",  has  come  down  suddenly 
upon  us  bewailing  its  wrongs,  and  seeking  a  vindica- 
tion of  its  dignity  and  identity  at  the  bar  of  the 
Powys-land  Club.  Several  links  in  the  chain  of  evidence 
had  already  appeared  in  the  form  of  printed  articles  in 
our  transactions. 

Two  heralds  had  concluded,  from  the  style  of  armour, 
that  the  individual  must  have  died  at  the  close  of  the 
14th  century.  The  close  and  repeated  scrutiny  of 
another  discriminating  member,  the  Rev.  Canoii  D.  R 
Thomas,  settled  the  true  reading  of  the  inscription. 
The  Cedwyn  MS. — contributed,  as  far  as  it  related  to 
the  Powys-land  families,  by  the  late  Mr.  W.  Rees — ^gave 
its  genealogy. 

The  archsBological  treasure-house  of  Wynnstay  gave 
us  charters  mentioning  the  worthy  knight  by  name, 
and  granting  pardons  to  his  sons  and  grandiaons  for 
rebellion  under  Owen  Glendower. 

All  that  remained  to  be  done  was  to  adjust  the  com- 
ponent parts  of  an  historical  subject  with  which  the 
writer  happened  to  be  familiar. 

W.  V.  Ll. 


181 


'ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF 
MILITIA. 


The  following  information  has  been  obtained  from  the 
Public  Record  OflSce  (where  every  assistance  was 
kindly  rendered  by  A.  Kingston,  Esq.);  from  some  old 
Army  Lists  kindly  lent  by  the  Earl  of  Powis ;  from 
the  "Digest  of  Services  of  the  Regiment",  compiled  by 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Twyford  (late  23rd  Royal  Welsh 
Fusiliers) ;  from  old  Order  Books  and  other  documents 
which  he  found  at  Head-quarters  during  the  time  he 
held  the  Adjutancy,  from  1873  to  1878  ;  and  from 
other  sources.  And  although  it  is  not  as  perfect  as 
could  be  wished,  it  is  believed  to  comprise  all  the  facts 
of  interest  in  the  history  of  the  Regiment  which  it  has 
been  possible  to  collect. 

It  is  difficult  to  state  the  actual  date  of  its  first  for- 
mation ;  but  the  following  letters  fix  it  as  nearly  as 
possible. 

The  first  mention  of  the  Regiment  in  the  Militia 
Correspondence  at  the  Record  Office,  is  the  commission 
*'for  Samuel  Hadley,  Gent,  to  be  Adjutant  to  the 
Militia  for  the  County  of  Montgomery",  dated  25th 
March  1763. 

The  following  is  the  first  letter  relating  to  the  Regi- 
ment which  appears  in  the  Militia  correspondence  at 
the  Record  Office : — 

"  To  the  Matter  OenercU  of  the  Ordnance, 

"Whitehall,  11th  May  1763. 
"Mt  Lord, — John   Rooke,   Pryce  Jones,  William   Mostyn,  and 
Thomas  Lloyd,  Esqrs.,  Deputy-Lieutenants  for  the  County  of  Mont- 
gomery, haying,  agreeable  to  the  Acts  of  Parliament  for  the  better 
ordering  the  Militia  Forces  in  that  part  of  Great  Britain  called 


182        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


England,  certified  and  returned  to  the  King,  that  three-fifths  of  the 
Militia  Forces  for  the  said  County  of  Montgomery  have  been  chosen 
and  enrolled,  and  that  three -fifths  of  the  Commission  Officers  for  the 
same  have  been  appointed  and  taken  out  their  Commissions  and 
entered  their  qualifications ;  and  they  having  in  consequence  thereof 
desired  that  the  necessary  Arms,  Accoutrements,,  etc.,  may  be  deli- 
vered for  the  use  of  the  Regiment  of  the  Militia  for  the  County  of 
Montgomery,  I  am  to  signify  to  your  Lordship  His  Majesty's  plea- 
sure that  you  do  accordingly  direct  the  Arms,  Accoutrements,  etc., 
agreeable  to  the  List  enclosed,  to  be  provided  and  delivered  free  of 
any  expense  of  carriage,  at  such  place  in  the  County  of  Montgomery 
as  the  said  Deputy -Lieutenants  thereof  shall  judge  most  convenient^ 
and  to  such  person  or  persons  as  shall  be  duly  authorised  by  them  to 
receive  the  same.  "  I  am,  etc., 

"  EORBMONT." 

A  return  of  arms,  ammunition^  and  accoutrements  for  the 
Montgomeryshire  Regiment  of  Militia,  commanded  by  Sir 
John  Powel  Pryce,  Bart.^  consisting  of  240  private  men 
divided  into  three  companies : — 

Silk  Colours  .  .  .  .2 

One,  Union. 

One,  the  Arms  of  the  Rt  Hon.  Earl  of  Fowls. 

Oyled  skin  cases  for  ditto  lined  with  Bayes  .  .         2 

Rank  and  File. 

Short  Musquets  with  Bayonets,  Scabbards,  wood  rammers  and 

tann'd  leather  slings  ....     240 

Cai'touch  Boxes  with  Belts  and  Frogs,  Brushes  and  Wyers  .  240 
Small  Hangers  with  Brass  Hilts,  neat  Leather  Scabbards,  with 

tann'd  leather  belts  .  .240 

Spare  ashen  ramrods  .  .50 

Iron  wiping  rods  with  worms  .10 

Serjeants'  Halberts. 
Large  Hangers  with  Brass  Hilts,  Scabbards,  and  tann'd  leather 

waist  belts  ..... 

Drummers. 

Drums  compleat  with  arms,  etc. 
Drum  carriages  and  Ticken  drum  cases     . 
Waist  belts  ye  same  as  ye  carriages 
Small  Hangers  with  Brass  Hilts  and  carriages 
Large  ditto  for  Drum  Major 
Ammunition. 

Powder  for  exercise   ....       Barrels 
Ball  weight  .  .6 


Musquet  flints 
Formers 
Fine  papers 
Leather  powder  bags 


Rheams 


12 

6 
6 
6 
5 
1 

3 
3 

6(10 

12 

4 

5 


BOYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.       183 

The  following  letter  is  curious,  as  it  shows  that  the 
first  list  of  Sergeants  was  submitted  by  the  Lord- 
Lieutenant  to  the  King  : — 

"Whitehall,  20th  May  1763. 
"  A  list  of  persons  recommended  by  the  Rt  Honble.  Earl  of  Fowls, 
His  Majesty's  Lieutenant  in  and  for  the  County  of  Montgomery,  to 
senre  as  Serjeants  in  the  Regiment  of  the  Militia  of  the  said  county. 


John  Watson. 
Thomas  Hague. 
William  Pumell. 
And.  Stuart. 
Richard  Jones. 
Robert  Hughes. 


James  Baskett. 
William  Brown. 
William  Evans. 
James  Stockbridge. 
Robert  Jolly. 
Philip  Brown. 


His  Majesty  does  very  well  approve  of  the  persons  above  mentioned, 
and  does  accordingly  appoint  the  same  to  be  Serjeants  in  the  Regi- 
ment of  the  Militia  of  the  County  of  Montgomery. 

"  EORBMONT.*' 

The  following  letter  appears  in  the  "  Domestic  Cor- 
respondence" of  the  Home  Oifice  : — 

"  To  Lwd  Charlei  Spevictr, 

"  St.  James's,  March  29th,  1765. 
''  Mt  Lord, — His  Majesty  having,  in  consequence  of  an  address  of 
the  House  of  Commons,  been  pleased  to  give  directions  that  a  list  of 
the  several  Counties  in  England  and  Wales  in  which  the  Militia  has 
been  raised  pursuant  to  the  directions  of  an  Act  passed  in  the  second 
year  of  His  Reign,  should  be  laid  before  that  House,  1  enclose  to  your 
Lordship  the  said  List,  and  desire  your  Lordship  will  please  to  lay 
the  same  before  the  House  of  Commons  accordingly. 

"  I  am,  etc., 

"Dunk  Halifax." 

List  of  the  several  counties  in  England  and  Wales  in  vrhich 
the  Militia  has  been  raised,  pursuant  to  the  directions  of  an 
Act  passed  in  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  his  present 
Majesty,  intituled  "An  Act  to  explain,  amend,  and  reduce 
into  one  Act  of  Parliament  the  several  laws  now  in  being 
relating  to  the  raising  and  training  the  Militia  within  that  part 
of  Great  Britain  called  England^^ : — 

Carnarvon.  Salop.  Merioneth. 

Hereford.  Anglesea.  Northampton. 

Cardigan.  Radnor.  Montgomery. 

Sea  of  State's  Office,  29th  March  1765. 


184         ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

In  the  Army  List  of  1779,  three  Captains,  Pryce 
Jones,  Thomas  Lloyd,  and  Devereux  Mytton,  have  the 
dates  of  their  commissions  given  as  1760.  It  is  pro- 
bable, however,  that  these  dates  are  wrong,  as  the  fol- 
lowing letter  shows  that  Devereux  Mytton  at  any  rate 
oflfered  to  serve  as  a  Lieutenant  in  1766  : — 

"  To  the  Earl  of  Fotois, 

"St.  James's,  Sept.  17,  1766. 
"My  Lord, — Having  received  and  laid  before  the  King  yoiir  Lord- 
ship's letter  of  the  11th  inst.,  notifying  that  Devereux  Mytton,  Esq., 
has  offered  to  serve  as  a  Lieutenant  (in  the  room  of  Maurice  Lloyd, 
Gent.,  who  has  resigned  his  commission),  and  William  Mostyn,  Esq., 
as  Ensign,,  in  the  Battalion  of  Montgomeryshire  Militia,  I  have  the 
satisfaction  to  acquaint  your  Lordship  that  his  Majesty  does  not  dis- 
approve of  the  said  gentlemen  having  their  respective  commissions 
issued  to  them  accordingly. 

"  I  am,  etc., 

"  H.  S.  Conway." 

The  following  Circular  to  "  the  Lords  Lieutenants  in 
England,  Wales,  and  Scotland",  appears  in  the  Intro- 
duction written  by  Mr.  Charles  M.  Clode  to  the  Militia 
(Voluntary  Enlistment)  Act,  1875  :— 

«  WhitehaU,  30th  April  1833. 
**  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  your  Lordship,  that  His  Majesty  having 
been  pleased  to  direct  that  the  several  regiments,  battalions,  and 
corps  of  Militia  should  be  numbered  (see  tvro  following  pages)  by  the 
drawing  of  lots,  in  order  to  determine  finally  and  permanently  their 
precedence,  and  that  a  drawing  of  lots  for  that  purpose  having  taken 
place  at  the  Palace  of  St.  James,  in  the  presence  of  His  Majesty  and 
several  Lords  Lieutenants  of  Counties  and  Colonels  of  Militia  Regi- 
ments, No.  1  was  drawn  for  the  3rd  West  York. 

"  I  have,  etc., 

<*  Melbourns." 

Then  follows  a  "List  of  47  Regiments  of  Militia 
raised  before  the  Peace  of  1763."  Then  follows  a 
"  List  of  22  Regiments  of  Militia  raised  between  the 
Peace  of  1763  and  the  Peace  of  1783."  In  this  List 
the  Montgomery  appears  with  the  number  of  57. 

After  this  follows  a  ''List  of  21  Regiments  of  Militia 
raised  for  the  Revolutionary  War/' 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.         185 

There  appears,  therefore,  to  be  little  doubt  that  the 
Eegiment  was  first  raised  in  1763.  But  it  is  unfor- 
tunate that  there  is  no  trace  at  the  Record  Office  of 
the  approval  of  the  first  list  of  officers,  as  is  to  be 
found  in  the  case  of  other  Regiments. 

In  the  Army  List  of  1761  the  following  appears  on 
the  title-page : — 

"  To  this  edition  is  added  eleven  new  regiments  of  Foot  and 
the  51  regiments  of  Militia/* 

In  this  list  the  Montgomery  Regiment  does  not 
appear.  After  each  Regiment  is  given  the  date  of  its 
embodiment.  The  first  two  Regiments  to  be  embodied 
were  the  Wilts  and  the  Dorset,  on  June  20th,  1759. 
Thirty-four  Regiments  were  embodied  between  June  21 
and  December  24,  1759.  Thirteen  Regiments  were 
embodied  between  January  1  and  December  19,  1760  ; 
and  two,  the  Glamorgan  on  January  4,  and  the  North 
Gloucester  on  April  4,  1761.  The  list  given  in  the 
Circular  of  1833  of  the  Regiments  raised  before  the 
Peace  of  1763,  does  not  agree  with  the  Army  List  of 
1761  ;  as  in  the  Circular  they  speak  of  the  47  Regi- 
ments, whereas  we  find  in  the  Army  List  61  Regi- 
ments. The  3rd,  or  West  Devon,  and  2nd  North 
York,  seem  to  have  become  amalgamated  with  their 
other  county  Regiments.  The  Monmouth  and  Brecon 
appear  as  two  Regiments  in  1761,  but  as  one  in  1833. 
The  North  Gloucester  appears  in  the  Army  List  of 
1761,  but  in  1833  is  put  in  the  List  of  Regiments 
raised  between  1763  and  1783. 

1764. — The  following  letter  shows  that  Viscotmt  Hereford 
succeeded  Sir  John  Pryce,  Bart.,  in  the  command  of  the  Regi- 
ment : — 

"  To  the  Earl  of  Powis. 

"  St.  James's,  August  17th,  1764. 
"  My  Lord, — Having  Iftid  hefore  the  King  your  Lordship's  recom- 
mendation of  Lord  Hereford  to  succeed  Sir  John  Pryce  as  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  of  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia,  1  have  the  satisfaction  to 
acquaint  your  Lordship  that  his  Majesty  does  not  disapprove  thereof. 

'*  I  am,  etc., 

"Dunk  HALiFiVX." 


186        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


1773. — Joseph  Parsons^  Gent,  was  appointed  Adjutant  on 
the  13th  April. 

1778. — An  order  under  the  Royal  Sign  Manual  for  the 
embodiment  of  the  Militia  was  issued,  dated  26th  March,  to 
the  Lord-Lieutenants  of  fifty-four  counties. 

On  the  same  day  a  warrant  was  issued  authorising  all  Cap- 
tain-Lieutenants to  rank  as  Captains. 

The  following  officers^  whose  names  appear  in  the  Army 
List  of  1779,  are  probably  those  who  belonged  to  the  Regiment 
at  the  date  of  the  embodiment : — 

MoNTGOMfiRTSHIRE. 


Rank. 

Name. 

Date  of  Commission. 

Colonel     . 

George,  Earl  of  Powia 

Major 

Thomas  Brown 

9  June  1778 

Captain    . 

Pryce  Jones 

1760 

Thomas  Lloyd 

60 

Deyereux  Mytton 

60 

Lieutenant 

John  Empson 

Charles  Jones 

25  Mar.  1778 

Joseph  Parsons 

Do. 

Roger  Pryce 

Do. 

Henry  Parry 

Do. 

Ensign 
Adjutant 

Edward  Barlow 
William  Lloyd 
Henry  Maunde 
John  Reynolds 
Joseph  Parsons 

Quiarter-Master 

Joseph  Parsons 

Surgeon   . 

William  Lloyd 

Agents,  Messrs.  Bishopp  and  Brummell,  Vine  Street, 
%t.  James's. 

The  above  is  a  correct  copy  from  the  Army  List  of  1779. 
It  will  be  seen  that  in  some  instances  the  dates  of  commissions 
are  not  given.  These  have  been  found  out  from  other  sources, 
and  are  given  in  the  general  list  of  officers  at  the  end.  The 
doubt  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  date  of  the  commissions  of 
Captains  Pryce  Jones,  Thomas  Lloyd,  and  Devereux  Mytton 
has  been  already  noticed.  Lieutenant  Henry  Parry's  full  name 
was  Henry  Williams  Parry.     He  afterwards  became  Major. 

The  Regiment  at  the  time  of  the  embodiment  consisted  of 
four  companies.  In  a  War  Office  letter  from  Lord  Harrington 
to  the  Right  Hon.  Richard  Rigby,  dated  8th  July  1778,  His 
Majesty's  pleasure  was  signified  that  the  establishments  of  the 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


187 


several  corps  of  Militia  should  commence  from  the  26th  March. 
The  Paymaster-General  was  also  directed  to  ''make  the  same 
deductions  from  the  pay  of  the  Militia  that  are  made  from  the 
pay  of  the  marching  Regiments  of  Foot^  the  non-commissioned 
officers  and  private  men  excepted". 

Then  follows  the 

"  Estimate  of  the  charge  of  the  Montgomery  Militia,  com- 
manded by  Lord  Viscount  Hereford,  from  26th  March  1778 
inclusive." 


1  Lt.-Col.  Commandant  and  Captain 

3  Captains,  each  lOs. 

5  Lieutenants,  each  4<.  Sd, 

3  Ensigns,  each  3^.  Sd, 

1  A(^utant 

1  Quarter- Master 

1  Surgeon 
12  Sergeants,  each  1$. 
12  Corporals,  each  8d. 

8  Drummers,  each  8^. 
228  Private  men,  each  6d. 

Allowauce  to  the  Agent 

275 

The  following  letter  shows  that  the  Earl  of  Powis  proposed 
raising  an  additional  company,  and  that  Lord  Hereford  had 
resigned  the  command  : — 

"  To  the  Earl  of  Powis. 

"St.  James's,  9th  June  1778. 
"  My  Lord, — Having  laid  before  the  King  your  Lordship's  letter 
of  the  5th  instant,  in  which  you  propose  to  raise  an  additional  Com- 
pany to  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia,  that  it  may  by  means  of  such 
augmentation  be  formed  into  a  Battalion  of  Five  Companies,  I  am 
to  acquaint  your  Lordship  that  His  Majesty  is  pleased  to  give  his 
consent  thereto,  as  far  as  is  consistent  with  the  late  Act  of  Parliament 
concerning  the  Militia ;  and  I  am  to  add  that  His  Majesty  is  pleased 
to  approve  of  your  Lordship's  offer  of  your  services  to  command  the 
said  Montgomeryshire  MUitia  as  Colone]  thereof. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  etc., 

"  Wbtmouth." 

Thomas  Browne,  Esq.,  was  appointed  Major  on  the  9th 
June. 

The  Regiment  was  ordered  to  march  from  Welshpool  to 


P»y 

per  Diem 

£ 

(.     <t. 

•,       0 

17     0 

1 

10     0 

1 

3     4 

0 

11     0 

0 

4    0 

0 

4     8 

0 

4    0 

0 

12     0 

0 

8     0 

0 

5     4 

5 

14    0 

0 

2    0 

11 

15     4 

188        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA. 

Worcester  on  the  8th  Jane^  and  on  25th  Jane  from  Worcester 
to  Cock's  Heathy  near  Maidstone. 

A  War  Office  letter  of  the  10th  July  orders  the  pay  for  the 
Additional  Field  Officer  and  the  additional  company  to  com- 
mence from  the  25th  June;  and  the  following  letter  orders 
the  arms  to  be  issued : — 

'"  War  Office,  27th  July  1778. 

"My  Lord, — The  Arms,  etc.,  mentioned  in  the  List  annexed,  being 
wahted  for  an  additional  Company  to  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia,  as 
likewise  a  compleat  Sett  of  Colours  for  the  said  Militia,  I  have  the 
honor  to  acquaint  your  Lordship  therewith,  and  am  to  desire  you 
will  be  pleased  to  receive  His  Majesty's  Commands  hereupon;  and 
signify  the  same  to  the  Master  General  of  the  Ordnance,  that  the 
said  Arms,  etc.,  with  the  Colours,  may  be  delivered  out  of  the  Stores, 
and  the  expense  thereof  charged  to  the  Estimate  of  Ordnance  for 
Parliament. 

"I  have  the  honor,  etc., 

"  Barringtok. 

"Lord  Viscount  Weymouth,  etc.,  etc.,  etc." 

List  of  arms^  etc.,  wanted  for  an  additional  company  of  the 
Montgomeryshire  Militia  :— 


3  Sergeants'  Swords. 

Do.     do.     Belts. 

^  Drums. 

2  Drum  cases. 

2  Drummer's  Swords. 

2  Drummer's  Belts. 


80  Firelocks. 

80  Bayonets  with  scabbards. 

80  Shoulder  belts. 

80  Waist  belts. 

80  Pouches. 

80  Slings. 

On  the  29th  July  an  estimate  was  sent  to  the  Paymaster- 
General  of  the  charge  of  the  additional  company  and  Field 
Officer.  The  Major's  pay  as  Major  was  5s.  per  diem.  He  also 
commanded  the  company^  and  drew  Gaptain^s  pay  as  well. 

On  November  6th  the  Regiment  marched  from  Cock's  Heath 
to  Maidstone. 

The  following  letter  refers  to  the  clothing  of.  the  Regi- 
ment : — 

"War  Office,  22  Dec.  1778. 

"My  Lord, — In  consequence  of  the  representations  which  have 
been  made  of  the  smallness  of  the  Allowance  proposed  to  be  granted 
for  the  Clothing  of  the  Militia  for  the  ensuing  year,  a  full  considera- 
tion has  been  had  of  that  business ;  and  I  am  commanded  to  acquaint 
your  Lordship  His  Majesty's  Intention  that  an  allowance  shall  be 
made  for  the  Clothing  of  the  Militia  in  1779  equal  to  the  allowances 
directed  by  the  Act  of  Parliament  to  be  issued  by  the  receivers 
general  of  the  Land  Tax,  together  with  the  additional  allowances 
granted  the  beginning  of  this  year  by  Warrant  from  this  office,  that 
is  to  say — 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA.        189 


«  For  each  Sergeant 
For  each  Drummer 
For  each  Corporal  and  Private  man 

X 
5 
3 
2 

14 

0 

10 

d. 
7 
5 
5 

^'  I  have  the  honor,  etc., 
"The  Earl  of  Powis." 

C.  Jbnkinson. 

1779. — On  Ist  June  the  Regiment  marched  from  Maidstone 
to  Tenterden,  App|edore,  Rye,  Peasmarch,  Beckley,  etc. 

On  16th  June  the  Quarter-master  and  twenty  non-com  mis- 
sioned officers  and  men  marched  from  Rye  to  Hastings  to 
prepare  the  ground  on  which  the  Regiment  was  to  encamp  on 
Fairlight  Down. 

On  24th  the  Regiment  marched  to  Fairlight  Down,  Has- 
tings. 

On  22nd  November  the  Rqgiment  marched  from  Hastings 
to  Ashford  and  Wye. 

1780. — On  15th  January  recruits  were  ordered  to  march 
from  Mellington,  near  Bishop's  Castle,  to  Ashford ;  and  on 
the  7th  April  recruits  at  Welshpool  received  a  similar  order. 

On  8th  June  the  Regiment  marched  from  Ashford  to  Dart- 
ford  Camp ;  and  on  28  th  October  it  was  ordered  to  march  to 
Montgomery  and  Welshpool.  It  arrived  at  Bishop's  Castle  on 
2nd  November,  and  proceeded  next  day  to  Montgomery, 
Welshpool,  and  Newtown. 

On  28th  November  the  King's  consent  was  given  to  a 
Volunteer  Company  being  raised  by  Sir  Edward  Manley  Pryce, 
Bart.,  to  be  added  to  the  Regiment.  The  following  letter, 
however,  shows  that  it  was  afterwards  found  that  the  company 
could  not  be  legally  raised  :— 

"  To  the  Earl  of  Potois, 

"War  Office,  25th  April  1781. 
"  My  Lord, — I  have  the  honor  to  send  your  Lordship  a  copy  of 
an  opinion  of  the  Attorney  and  Solicitor-General  upon  a  case  which 
I  submitted  to  them  relative  to  the  Volunteer  Company  proposed  to 
be  added  to  yotur  Lordship's  Battalion  of  Militia ;  and  I  am  exceed- 
ingly concerned  to  find  by  their  opinion  that  I  am  not  authorised 
by  Law  to  give  orders  for  the  Establishment  and  pay  of  the  said 
Company. 

"  I  have,  etc., 

"  C.  Jenkinson." 

On  the  2nd  June  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  march  from 
Montgomery  to  arrive  at  Worcester  by  the  15th,  and  proceed 
thence  to  Lenham  Camp.     On  30th  October  orders  were  re- 


190        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA. 

ceived  to  inarch  from  Lenham  Camp  to  Croydon,  Bromley, 
etc. 

1782,  14th  Jane. — The  Regiment  marched  from  Croydon  to 
Greenwich,  vid  Lewisham,  Eltham,  and  Shooter's  Hill ;  and  on 
28th  June  marched  from  Greenwich  to  Cock^s  Heath  Camp, 
where  it  remained  till  12th  Nov.  The  Light  Company  then 
went  to  Maidstone,  and  the  remainder  to  Dartford. 

1783. — On  17th  Feb.  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  march 
from  Dartford  to  Welshpool  by  Oxford,  Morton  in  the  Marsh, 
and  Chapel  House.  A  Warrant  was  issued  on  the  28th  Feb. 
to  disembody  the  Militia. 

The  following  Circular  Letter  was  sent  to  the  Earl  of  Powis 
on  the  12th  March  : — 

"War  Office,  28th  Feb.  1783. 

"My  Lord, — The  King  having  been  pleased  to  sign  orders  for 
disembodying  the  Corps  of  Militia  for  the  County  of  Montgomery 
under  your  command,  with  all  convenient  speed,  I  am  commanded 
by  His  Majesty  in  his  name  to  express  to  you  the  great  satisfaction 
He  has  received  from  the  seasonable  and  meritorious  service  of  the 
Militia  of  that  County.  And  as  a  mark  of  His  Royal  approbation, 
I  am  commanded  to  acquaint  you  that  His  Majesty  is  pleased  to 
permit  each  Non-Commissioned  Officer,  Drummer,  and  Private  man, 
to  keep  his  Cloaths  and  Knapsack  which  are  at  present  in  wear ;  and 
also  to  allow  theni  respectively  fourteen  days'  Pay  from  the  day  of 
their  being  disembodied  exclusive ;  which  you  are  hereby  authorised 
to  pay  them,  taking  from  each  man  respectively  a  receipt  for  the 
same. 

""Before  the  Disembodying,  you  are  to  take  care  that  all  the 
Quarters  are  duly  satisfied ;  that  the  Accounts  between  the  Non- 
Commissioned  Officers  and  Private  men  and  their  Officers  be  made 
up ;  and  that  they  be  fully  satisfied  and  paid  their  Arrears,  Stoppages, 
Bounty,  and  all  other  just  pretensions  to  the  day  of  their  being  disem- 
bodied :  Whereof  the  said  Officers  are  to  take  Acquittances  and  Dis- 
charges from  them  respectively  ;  distinguishing  each  head  of  payment. 
And  all  such  Acquittances,  Discharges,  and  Receipts  are  to  be  trans- 
mitted to  your  Agent  as  Vouchers  for  the  several  payments  therein 
directed,  and  for  which  you  are  to  draw  Bills  on  the  said  Agent. 

"  You  are  to  take  care  that  the  Arms  and  Accoutrements  be  all 
collected,  in  order  to  their  being  lodged  according  to  the  Directions 
given  in  the  Act  of  Parliament,  which  I  send  you  enclosed  ;  except- 
ing the  Arms  of  the  Volunteer  Companies,  which  are  to  be  delivered 
to  such  Person  as  the  Board  of  Ordnance  shall  appoint  to  receive 
them. 

"You  are  also  to  give  stritst  charge  to  the  Non-Commissioned 
Officers  and  Private  men  when  disembodied,  not  to  travel  with  any 
Arms,  nor  more  than  three  in  Company,  upon  pain  of  the  severest 
punishment.      Before   the   Disembodying,   you    are    to    cause   His 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.         191 

Majesty's  Orders,  and  also  this  Letter,  to  be  read  at  the  Head  of  each 
Company  in  your  Corps,  that  they  may  be  convinced  of  His  Majesty's 
most  gracious  attention  to  them. 

'^Permit  me,  Sir,  at  the  same  time,  to  express  through  you 
the  satisfaction  I  feel  in  having  the  honor  to  communicate  His 
Majesty's  gracious  approbation  of  the  services  of  His  Militia  Forces, 
and  the  marks  of  His  Royal  Bounty  to  the  ^  on -Commissioned 
Officers  and  Private  men. 

"  I  have,  etc., 

"G.    YONOE." 

1789. — John  Impett,  Gent.,  wats  appointed  Adjutant  and 
Lieutenant  on  19th  Nov.  1789.  The  commissions  of  Adjutants 
were  always  signed  by  the  Sovereign. 

1792. — A  circular  letter  was  sent  to  the  several  Lords  Lieu- 
tenants on  the  1st  December,  ordering  immediate  steps  to  be 
taken  for  placing  the  arras  of  the  several  Regiments  of  Militia 
in  secure  places ;  and  directing  that  strict  attention  should  be 
paid  to  the  91st  Clause  of  the  Militia  Act,  which  ordered  the 
constant  resijdence  of  a  third  part  at  least  of  the  Sergeants^ 
Corporals^  and  Drummers  in  the  same  place. 

1793. — A  Warrant  was  issued  for  embodying  the  Regiment 
on  2nd  Feb.  The  Hertford  and  Glamorgan  Regiments  were 
also  embodied  on  the  same  day.  The  arms  and  accoutrements 
of  the  Regiment  seem  to  have  been  all  returned  into  store^  as 
orders  were  given  to  the  Master  General  of  the  Ordnance  to 
issue  arms  and  accoutrements  to  the  Regiment  on  19th  March. 
Two  new  Colours  were  also  ordered  to  be  issued  at  the  same 
time. 

The  Regiment  was  ordered  to  march  from  Welshpool  to 
Chipping  Norton  and  Chapel  House  on  the  26th  March.  On 
arrival  at  Bridgenorth,  on  6th  April,  it  was  ordered  to  halt ; 
and  on  15th  April  was  ordered  to  march  to  Birmingham,  "  to 
assist  if  necessary  the  Civil  Magistrates  in  suppressing  any 
riots  or  disturbances''.  The  arms  that  had  been  ordered  for 
the  Regiment  had  not  been  issued  on  the  11th  May  when  the 
following  letter  was  sent  to  the  Board  of  Ordnance : — 

"War  Office,  11th  May  1793. 
"Sir, — I  have  the  Secretary  at  War's  directions  to  desire  that 
you  will  represent  to  the  Master  General  of  the  Ordnance  that  the 
particular  Station  of  the  Montgomery  Militia,  and  the  duties  required 
of  them  at  Birmingham,  render  it  indispensably  necessary  that  they 
should  be  furnished  with  the  Arms  that  have  been  ordered  for  them 
without  a  moment's  unavoidable  delay.  Sir  G.  Yonge,  understanding 
that  some  rule  has  been  established  for  supplying  the  Militia  with 
Arms  in  the  order  that  the  applications  are  made  for  them,  desires 


192 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


that,  from  the  urgency  of  the  service,  that  rule  may  be  dispensed 
mth  in  the  case  of  the  Montgomery.         '^  I  am,  etc., 

*'M.  Lbwis.*' 

A  letter  from  Sir  G.  Yonge  to  Lord  Amherst,  of  the  same 
date,  explains  that  the  delay  in  issuing  the  arms  was  caused  by 
the  scarcity  of  arms  at  the  Tower. 

On  25th  May  orders  were  given  to  march  to  Cirencester, 
where  the  Regiment  remained  till  15th  July,  and  then  marched 
to  Taunton. 

On  4th  October  it  proceeded  to  Exeter  and  St.  Thomas's ; 
and  on  17th  October  returned  to  Taunton.  On  19th  November 
orders  were  received  to  march  to  Somerton,  Langport,  and 
adjacents  "  until  the  Yorkshire  Militia  shall  have  marched 
through  Taunton,  then  to  return  to  present  quarters". 

The  following  extract  from  the  Annual  Register ,  vol.  zxxt, 
p.  13,  is  interesting : — 

"3rd  March  1793. 

^'  At  a  meeting  of  the  Lords  Lieutenants  of  several  Counties  in 
England  and  Wales,  at  the  St.  Alban's  tavern,  on  this  day,  for  the 
purpose  of  drawing  lots  to  determine  the  precedency  of  the  Militia  of 
the  said  Counties  during  the  continuance  of  the  war,  the  following 
numbers  were  drawn  by  the  respective  Lords  Lieutenants  attending, 
or  by  persons  appointed  for  that  purpose,  viz.  : — 


Bedford 

.     42 

Hereford 

2o 

Berks  . 

.     30 

Hertford 

44 

Bucks  . 

.     38 

Huntingdon 

12 

Cambridge 

.     11 

Kent    . 

1 

Chester 

.     16 

Lancaster 

37 

Cornwall 

.     34 

Leicester 

2 

Cumberland 

.     20 

Lincoln 

3 

Derby  . 

.     26 

Middlesex 

22 

Devon  . 

.     41 

Monmouth  and  Brecknock  . 

14 

Dorset . 

.     43 

Norfolk 

4 

Durham 

.     10 

Northampton 

45 

Essex  . 

.     21 

Northumberland . 

23 

Gloucester 

.       8 

Westmoreland      . 

29 

Nottingham 

.     15 

Wilts  . 

35 

Oxford 

'.       9 

Worcester 

36 

Salop   . 

.     28 

Yorkshire  (W.  Riding) 

39 

Somerset 

.     40 

„         (N.  Riding) 

33 

Southampton 

.       6 

(E.  Riding) 

32 

Stafford 

.     27 

Caermarthen 

17 

Suffolk 

.     19 

Denbigh 

7 

Surrey . 

.     18 

Glamorgan 

5 

Sussex . 

.     24 

Montgomery 

13 

Warwick 

.     31 

(Signed)             "  Amhbrst 

» 

ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.         193 

1794. — On  31st  March  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  march 
from  Taunton  to  Devizes.  On  the  8th  April  the  King's  con- 
sent was  given  to  another  Volunteer  Company  being  raised  by 
John  Winder,  Esq.,  who  was  to  command  it,  with  the  rank  of 
Captain.  The  company  was  to  be  raised  under  an  *'  Act 
passed  in  the  present  session  of  Parliament,  intituled  an  Act 
for  Augmenting  the  Militia",  and  to  be  added  to  the  Regiment. 

Major  Thomas  Browne  was  promoted  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel, 
and  Captain  Henry  Williams  Parry  was  promoted  to  be  Major, 
on  the  23rd  April. 

12th  May. — The  Regiment  marched  in  two  divisions  from 
Devizes  to  Folkestone  Camp.  On  31st  Oct.  four  companies 
were  ordered  to  march  to  Maidstone,  Aylesford,  Barraing, 
Testing,  Loose,  Linton,  and  adjacents ;  and  two  companies  to 
Charing,  Lenham,  Hariotsham,  Hollingburne,  and  adjacents. 
On  17th  Nov.  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  assemble  at  Maid- 
stone, there  to  be  quartered. 

1795. — On  13th  February  the  King's  approval  was  given  to 
another  Volunteer  (company  being  raised  by  the  Hon.  George 
Devereux,  to  be  added  to  the  Regiment,  and  to  be  commanded 
by  him  as  Captain.  On  31st  March  the  company  at  Welsh- 
pool (evidently  the  new  company)  was  ordered  to  join  the 
Regiment  at  Maidstone.  On  the  11th  May  the  Regiment 
marched  in  two  divisions  to  Eastbourne,  *'  leaving  their  Bn. 
guns  in  their  present  quarters,  unless  particularly  ordered  to 
the  contrary.'^  On  17th  October  the  Regiment  appears  to 
have  been  at  Brighton  Camp,  and  to  have  received  orders  to 
march  in  two  divisions  to  Botley  Barracks,  vid  Shoreham  and 
Petersfield,  etc.  The  Earl  of  Powis  was  President  of  a  Court- 
martial  from  27th  November  1795  to  30th  January  1796, 
held  at  the  Horse  Guards,  on  Colonel  Cauthorne,  of  the  West- 
minster Regiment  of  Middlesex  Militia  {Commons  Papers,  iii, 
1796). 

1796,  30th  April. — Lieut.  Wood,  late  86th  Regiment,  was 
appointed  Adjutant  in  succession  to  Lieut.  Impett,  who  re- 
signed the  appointment.  On  the  13th  June  the  Regiment 
proceeded  in  two  divisions  from  Botley  Barracks  to  Canter- 
bury Barracks,  On  the  19th  December  a  party  was  ordered 
to  proceed  from  Ashford  Barracks  (where  the  Regiment  then 
was)  to  Welshpool,  for  the  purpose  of  training  the  Supple- 
mentary Militia,  which  had  been  raised  under  an  Act  passed 
in  November. 

Under  the  same  Act,  "  a  Provisional  Cavalry  Force  was  to 
be  raised  by  ballot,  as  a  further  augmentation  to  the  Militia,  in 
the  proportion  of  a  horse  and  man  for  every  ten  horses  kept, 

VOL.  XVII.  0 


194        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

with  an  exemption  in  favour  6f  a  volunteer  who  had  only  three 
horses.  If  in  any  district  three-fourths  of  the  quota  volun- 
teered their  services^  the  ballot  was  to  be  suspended"  (Glode's 
Military  Forces  of  the  Grown,  vol.  i,  p.  284,  par.  15). 

1797. — ^The  following  letter  gives  the  names  of  the  officers 
of  this  force : — 

"  To  the  Earl  of  Powis. 

"Whitehall,  19th  March  1797. 
"  My  Lord, — Having  laid  before  the  King  your  Lprdship's  letter 
of  the  let  inst.,  recommending  William  Owen,  Esq.,  to  be  Captain 
Commandant,  and  Sir  Edward  Pryce  Lloyd,  Bart.,  to  be  a  Lieutenant 
in  the  Provisional  Cavalry  for'  the  County  of  Montgomery,  I  have 
the  satisfaction  to  acquaint  your  Lordship  that  His  Majesty  has  been 
pleased  to  approve  thereof,  and  to  have  conmiissions  when  such  Pro- 
visional Cavalry  are  embodied. 

"I  am,  etc., 

"  Portland." 

In  a  letter  of  17th  May  1798,  approval  is  again  given  to 
William  Owen,  Esq.,  as  Captain,  Sir  E.  P.  Lloyd  as  Lieutenant, 
and  William  Humffreys,  Esq.,  as  Cornet  in  the  Provisional 
Cavalry,  the  commissions  to  be  issued  when  the  Cavalry  was 
embodied. 

On  27th  April  recruits  were  ordered  to  proceed  from  Welsh- 
pool to  Ashford  Barracks.  On  1st  August  the  Regiment  was 
at  Dover. 

1798. — On  26th  Jan.  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  march 
from  Dungeness  to  Welshpool,  there  to  be  disembodied.  A 
fresh  warrant,  ordering  the  Militia  to  be  embodied,  was  issued 
on  20th  Feb.;  so  it  is  probable  that  this  march  was  not 
accomplished,  as  the  Regiment  appears  to  have  been  at  Tun- 
bridge  on  24th  March.  The  Earl  of  Powis  resigned  the  com- 
mand on  the  5th  May,  and  succeeded  Edward,  second  Lord 
Glive,  as  Colonel  of  the  Shropshire  Militia,  when  the  latter 
went  to  India  as  Governor  of  Madras.  During  the  time  Lord 
Powis  was  in  command,  the  Regiment  was  quartered  at  Wey- 
mouth, but  the  exact  date  is  not  known.  While  there,  he 
entertained  George  III  and  Queen  Charlotte  at  breakfast 
Three  china  cups  and  saucers,  with  "  G.  R."  and  the  crown 
thereon,  used  by  their  Majesties  on  that  occasion,  are  pre- 
served at  Powis  Castle. 

Captain  J  ohn  Browne  was  promoted  to  be  Major  on  26th 
Feb.,  vice  Henry  Williams  Parry,  deceased. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  Browne  was  promoted  to  be 
Colonel,  and  Major  John  Browne  was  promoted  to  be  Lieu- 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA.         195 

tenant-Colonel,  on  5th  May.  Captain  John  Edwards  was  pro- 
moted to  be  Major  on  the  same  date.  On  24th  March  a 
detachment  of  the  Supplementary  Militia  was  ordered  to 
march  from  Newtown  and  Montgomery  to  Tunbridge  to  join 
the  Regiment.  A  similar  detachment  was  ordered  to  march 
from  Welshpool  to  Tnnbridge  on  7th  May.  The  detachment, 
on  arrival  at  Acton  and  Ealing  on  23rd  May,  was  ordered  to 
proceed  from  thence  to  Horsham,  to  which  place  the  Regi- 
ment had  moved. 

Mr.  Duggan  was  appointed  Adjutant  and  Ensign  on  the 
24th  May,  vice  Samuel  Wood,  appointed  Paymaster  of  the 
11th  Regiment. 

Horsham  Barracks,  17th  June. — The  roll  of  this  date,  signed 
by  Adjutant  Duggan,  shows  that  the  oldest  soldier  serving  in 
the  Regiment  was  Charles  Jenkins ;  he  was  made  Sergeant  on 
25th  March  1775.  The  Regiment  consisted  of  eight  companies, 
the  Colonel,  Lieutenant- Colonel,  Major,  and  five  Captains  in 
charge.     The  total  strength  was  642  privates  and  83  sergeants. 

1799. — On  25th  February  a  party  of  recruits  was  ordered 
to  march  from  Montgomery  to  join  the  Regiment  at  Chichester. 

On  15th  April  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to  proceed  from 
Chichester  and  Canterbury  (the  Grenadier  Company)  to  Liver- 
pool. 

On  the  29th  November  the  Supplementary  men  were  ordered 
from  Liverpool  to  Welshpool  to  be  disembodied. 

1800. — On  26th  June  the  Regiment  marched  from  Xiiver- 
pool  to  Whitehaven. 

The  following  return  shows  the  number  of  men  raised  by 
ballot,  the  number  that  volunteered  to  the  line,  and  the  num- 
ber that  remained  on  the  establishment : — 

Quota  fixed  by  the  Act  of  12th  July  1799  .     521 

3-5ths  of  the  said  Quota  being  the  number  allowed  to  volun- 
teer .  .  .  .  .312 

Number  of  Volunteers  who  have  .entered  into  the  regulars, 
according  to  a  return  from  the  Adjutant-Generars 
Office,  dated  18th  Oct.  1800  .         '        .  .268 

Number  of  men  disembodied,  being  the  difference  between 
the  reduced  Quota  and  the  number  that  have  volun- 
teered .  .  .  .44 

Number  to  remain  on  the  estabUshment    .  .  .     209 

1801.— On  the  2nd  September  the  Regiment  left  White- 
haven  for  Ipswich,  being  joined  at  Stamford  by  a  detachment 
from  Welshpool. 

The  establishment  of  the  Regiment  seems  to  have  been 
reduced  to  four  companies,  as  a  letter  of  7th  September  in- 

02 


196        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

forms  Colonel  Browne  that  Lord  Hobart  cannot  accede  to  his 
request  of  adding  a  fifth  company  to  the  Regiment  until  the 
existing  companies  had  been  completed  to  eighty  rank  and 
file  each. 

The  Regiment  was  at  Yarmouth  on  5th  November,  and  was 
ordered  to  march  to  Coventry. 

1802. — On  31st  March  it  proceeded  in  two  divisions  from 
Coventry  to  Welshpool  and  Montgomery;  and  on  the  12th 
April  it  was  ordered  to  be  disembodied  at  Welshpool. 

A  Circular  Letter  of  the  12th  April  gives  the  number  of  ser- 
geants, corporals,  and  drummers  to  be  retained  on  the  dis- 
embodied establishments,  viz. : — 

No.  of 
Companies.  County.  Sergeants.         Corporals.        Drammers. 

4  Montgomery  9  9  4- 

1803. — On  the  19th  Jan.  the  establishment  was  ordered  to 
be  four  companies,  with  a  total  of  279  privates. 

The  Regiment  was  embodied  early  in  the  year. 

On  17th  May  orders  were  received  to  march  to  Plymouth. 

The  following  letter  shows  that  the  establishment  of  the 
Regiment  was  increased  after  the  embodiment : — 

"  l^  the  CommissioTiers  of  Lieutenaiicy  for  the  County  of  Montgomery, 

"  Downing  Street,  22  June  1803. 
"  Gentlemen, — Having  laid  before  the  King  the  proposed  Plan, 
which  has  been  transmitted]  to  me  by  Colonel  Browne,  for  the  Esta- 
blishment of  the  Militia  of  the  County  of  Montgomery,  when 
joined  by  the  Supplementary  Quota,  I  have  the  honour  to  inform 
you  that  His  Majesty  has  been  graciously  pleased  to  approve  the 
same.  A  plan  of  the  new  Establishment  is  herewith  transmitted,  in 
order  to  prevent  any  mistake.  Instructions  will  be  issued  by  the 
War  Office  respecting  the  appointment  of  the  Paymaster,  Surgeons, 
Mate,  and  Quarter-Master  Sergeant. 

"  I  have  the  hon,,  etc., 

"Hobart." 

Establishment  of  the  Militia  of  the  County  of  Montgomery, 
when  joined  by  the  Supplementary  quota,  to  be  formed  into 
six  companies : — 

1  colonel,  paid  as  lieut.-colonel ;  1  lieut.-colonel,  paid  as 
major ;  ]  major,  paid  as  captain ;  6  captains ;  6  lieutenants ; 
6  ensigns;  1  adjutant;  1  quarter-master;  1  surgeon;  1  ser- 
geant-major; 20  sergeants;  20  corporals;  1  drum-major; 
12  drummers  ;  418  privates. 

On  the  20th  June  a  captain,  subaltern,  and  sergeant  were 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


197 


ordered  to  proceed  to  Welshpool  to  receive  and  collect  the 
men  of  the  Supplementary  Militia  who  were  to  be  incorporated 
into  the  corps.  Captain  John  Davies  was  promoted  to  be 
Major  on  the  22nd  August. 

On  Oct.  19th  recruits  were  ordered  from  Welshpool  to  join 
the  Regiment  at  Plymouth  Dock. 

1804. — The  following  letter  shows  that  the  appellation  of 
Royal  was  given  to  the  Regiment  this  year  :-^ 

"War  Office,  23rd  April  1804. 
**  Gentlemen, — I  have  the  honour  to  enclose,  for  the  information 
of  Mr.  Yorke,  a  list  transmitted  to  me  by  command  of  His  Royal 
Highness  the  Commander-in-Chief,  of  Regiments  of  Militia  which 
have  received  His  Majesty's  gracious  permission  to  bear  the  appella- 
tion of  Royal  Regiments.  "  I  am,  etc., 

"F.    MOORB." 

"  Copy  of  list  of  Regiments  of  Militia  which  have  received 
His  Majesty^s  gracious  permission  to  bear  the  appellation  of 
Royal  Regiments,  and  which  claim  as  such  the  distinction  of 
wearing  blue  facings" : — 


Anglesea 

Denbigh 

Middlesex,  East,  West, 

Berks 

Flint 

and  Westminster 

Bucks 

Glamorgan 

Tower  Hamlets,  1st,  2nd 

Cardigan 

Gloucester    {^ 

Monmouth 

Carmarthen 

Montgomery 

Carnarvon 

Lanark 

Pembroke 

Cheshire 

Lancashire 

Perth 

Cornwall 

3rd  Lincoln 

Radnor 

Cornish  Miners 

M  erioneth 

Surrey,  1st  and  2nd 

Cumberland 

London,  East  and  West 

Westmoreland 

The  Regiment  was  at  Maker  Heights,  PI vmouth,  on  30th  May. 

1805.— G.  0.,  Plymouth  Dock,  26fch  Feb. 

The  books  of  the  several  Regiments  in  garrison  will  be 
examined  in  the  course  of  the  week  by  Major- General  Calcraft, 
in  the  following  order: — ^^Those  of  the  81st  Regiment  and 
Royal  Montgomery  Militia  on  Friday  next. 

Ninety-two  men  belonging  to  the  Regiment  volunteered  for 
the  line  on  25th  April. 

A  letter  from  Lord  Hawkesbury  to  the  Earl  of  Powis,  dated 
Whitehall,  6th  June  1805,  intimates  that  the  establishment  of 
the  Regiment  was  about  to  be  reduced.  After  this  the  esta- 
blishment was  four  companies. 

1808. — On  the  6th  January  an  order  was  given  for  newly 
balloted  men  to  march  from  time  to  time  to  Plymouth,  "  or 
other  head-quarters  of  the  corp8^^ 


198        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

On  29th  April  the  Regiment  marched  from  Tavistock  to 
Chichester. 

Mr.  William  Gilder  was  appointed  Adjutant,  with  the  brevet 
rank  of  Captain,  on  1st  July. 

1809. — On  12th  March  the  Begiment  was  at  Brighton. 

April  9. — R.  0.,  Pevensey.  Agreeably  to  a  route  received, 
the  Regiment  will  march  on  Tuesday  morning  the  11th  inst., 
at  5  o'clock,  for  Silver  Hill  Barracks,  there  to  remain  until 
further  orders. 

May  28. — R.  O.,  Silverhill.  Agreeably  to  orders  received 
from  the  War  Office,  the  Regiment  will  march  to  Rye  and 
Winchelsea,  on  their  road  to  Hythe,  to-morrow  morning,  at 
5  o'clock,  the  first  drum  to  beat  at  half-past  4 ;  Captain  Har- 
rison^s,  Captain  Lloyd's,  and  Captain  Daykin's  Company  will 
proceed  to  Hythe,  and  Captain  Dickens'  to  Winchelsea,  where 
they  will  receive  further  orders. 

The  Regiment  was  at  Riding  Street  Barracks  on  the  30th 
May,  and  at  Dover  on  the  13th  August.  During  this  year 
ninety-seven  men  belonging  to  the  Regiment  passed  into  the 
line. 

1810.— R.  O.,  Dover,  30th  March. 

The  following  letter  is  published : — 

"  To  Brigadier-Oeneral  Nightingale^  or  Officer  Commanding 

at  Dover. 

"  Horse  Guards,  27th  March  1810. 

"  Sir, — It  appears,  from  the  establishment  of  the  corps  named  in 

the  margin,  that  it  would  be  more  advanta- 

Royal  Cornwall  Miners,    geous  to  employ  them  as  Light  Infantry  than 

Eoyal  Montgomery.  in  the  line.     I   am   directed   to   signify  the 

C^Wvof^^*^*^  Commander-in-Chiefs  orders  that  those  corps 

Radnor.  be  appointed  and  trained  accordingly.  It  is  not 

Kutland.  considered  necessary  that  the  arms  should  be 

changed,  those  in  possession  of  the  corps  being 

considered  perfectly  applicable  to  that  service,  or  that  any  alteration 

should  be  made  in  the  dresses  or  appointments,  before  the  regular  period, 

but  the  Ordnance  will  issue  bugles  in  place  of  drums  on  receiving 

application. 

"  I  have,  etc.,  (Signed)        W.  Wynyard, 

"  D.-A.-General." 

May  26. — R.  O.,  Dover.  The  sergeants  will  deliver  in  their 
pikes  and  receive  fusils  from  the  Quartermaster- Sergeant,  to- 
morrow morning,  at  10  o'clock. 

1811,  Feb.  17.— Garrison  O.,  Dover,  No.  3.     The   Royal 


KOYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.         199 

Montgomery  Militia  will  hold  itself  in  readiDesa  to  march  to 
Braboume  Lees. 

Feb.  20. — R.  O.,  Dover.  The  Eegiment  will  parade  in 
marching  order  this  afternoon  at  the  nsaal  hour^  the  Com- 
manding Officer  having  received  a  route  to  march  to  Braboume 
Lees  Barracks  to-morrow. 

Feb.  27. — R.  0.,  Braboume  Lees.     The  officers  will,  with 
out  delay,  provide  themselves  with  silver  whistles,  according  to 
the  pattern  in  Captain  Gilder's  possession. 

May  16. — R.  0.,  Brabonme  Lees. 

"  The  Commanding  Officer  begs  those  non-oommissioned  officers, 
drummers,  and  privates,  who  have  this  day  extended  their  service  to 
Ireland,  will  accept  his  best  thanks  for  their  very  handsome  conduct, 
and  that  he  will  not  fail  of  taking  the  earliest  opportunity  of  repre- 
senting them,  through  the  Secretary  of  War,  to  His  Royal  Highness 
the  Prince  Regent.  The  volunteers  for  Ireland  are,  as  a  mark  of 
favour,  excused  from  parade  this  afternoon." 

May  21. — R.  0.,  Braboume  Lees.  Major  Davies  has  great 
pleasure  in  communicating  to  the  men  that  there  are  only  (7) 
seven  men  who  have  declined  extending  their  service  to  the 
sister  kingdom. 

May  22. — R.  0.,  Braboume  Lees.  Copy  of  a  letter  received 
this  day  from  the  Right  Honourable  Richard  Ryder,  one  of  His 
Majesty^s  Secretaries  of  State,  addressed  to  Major  Davies. 

"2l8tMay  1811,  Whitehall. 
"  Sir, — I  have  laid  before  His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  Regent 
your  letter  of  the  1 7th  inst.,  informing  me  that  the  Royal  Montgo- 
meryshire Militia,  under  your  command,  has  made  an  offer  of  volun- 
teering their  services  to  Ireland  in  the  event  of  the  Bill  now  before 
Parliament  passing  into  law,  and  I  have  it  in  command  from  His 
Royal  Highness  to  express  to  you  the  high  sense  which  His  Royal 
Highness  entertains  of  the  motives  by  which  they  have  been  actuated 
in  making  so  immediate  and  disinterested  an  offer,  and  to  request 
that  you  will  take  the  earliest  opportunity  of  communicating  to  the 
officers  of  the  Regiment  under  your  command  the  satisfaction  which 
His  Royal  Highcess  derives  from  this  additional  proof  of  their  zeal  for 
the  interest  of  the  country  and  their  attachment  to  the  service  of 
His  Majesty. 

"I  have,  etc.,  (Signed)         R  Ryder." 

Colonel  Thomas  Browne  died  on  the  2nd  July.  Major  John 
Davies  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant- Colonel  Commandant 
on  the  22nd  July.  Captain  Robert  John  Harrison  was  pro^ 
moted  to  be  Major  on  the  same  day. 


200        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

E.O.,  Brabourne  Lees,  8th  Aug. 

The  Regiment  will  parade  to-morrow  morning  at  a  quarter 
before  three  o'clock. 

The  above  order  was  in  consequence  of  the  Regiment  being 
ordered  to  march  that  day  en  route  for  Ireland. 

On  the  25th  Aug.  the  Regiment  was  at  Cork,  and  on  the 
29th  at  Cahir. 

R.O.,  Cahir,  9th  Sept. 

The  Commanding  Officer  having  b^en  instructed  to  be  pre- 
pared to  march  from  Cahir  to  Nevin  General  Barracks,  in  the 
county  of  Waterford,  the  Regiment  will  be  ready  on  the 
shortest  notice. 

R.  0.,  Cahir,  30th  Sept. 

The  Regiment  will  march  to-morrow  morning  at  half-past 
seven  o'clock  to  Clonmell,  except  Captain  Daykin's  Company, 
which  is  to  remain  at  Cahir  until  further  orders,  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  Hogg  and  Lieutenant  Wilson. 

The  establishment  at  this  time  was  four  companies,  279 
privates,  and  a  total  strength  of  all  ranks  of  332. 

During  the  year  forty  men  belonging  to  the  Regiment 
passed  into  the  line. 

1812. — During  the  year  forty  men  passed  into  the  line. 

1813. — During  the  month  of  April  twenty-live  men  passed 
into  the  line, 

R.  0.,  Clonmell,  15th  June. 

The  Regiment  will  march  to-morrow,  agreeable  to  route, 
from  hence  to  Clogheen,  on  the  road  to  Cork.  The  first  horn 
to  sound  at  half-past  seven  o'clock. 

R.  0.,  Cork,  27th  June. 

The  Regiment  will  parade  in  complete  marching  order  to- 
morrow, for  the  purpose  of  proceeding  to  Mdnkstown,  to 
embark  on  board  the  undermentioned  transports  for  England. 
The  first  horn  will  sound  at  half-past  seven  o^clock. 

Names  of  vessels — Venus,  lieward,  Eliza. 

The  following  certificate  gives  the  date  the  Regiment  arrived 
at  Portsmouth  : — 

*'  I  hereby  certify  that  the  Montgomery  Regiment  embarked 
at  Moukstown,  near  Cork,  on  the  28th  June,  and  disembarked 
at  Portsmouth  on  the  4th  July  1813. 

''  (Signed)     Wm.  Daykins,  Captain  Commanding.^' 

The  Regiment  marched  into  quarters  at  Havant  Emsworth 
and  adjacents  on  the  4th  July. 

The  Regiment  marched  from  Havant  on  the  12th  July,  and 
arrived  at  Oxford  on  the  14th  July,  having  stopped  at  Win- 
chester, 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        201 

It  remained  at  Oxford  till  18th  July  ;  and  on  that  day  com- 
menced the  march,  via  Bicester,  Brackley,  Towcester,  North- 
ampton, and  Market  Harborough  to  Leicester,  where  it  arrived 
on  24:th  July. 

The  following  was  the  establishment  of  the  Regiment  on 
the  18th  October:— 

1  lieutenant-colonel;  1  major ;  4  captains;  4  lieutenants; 
4  ensigns;  1  paymaster;  1  adjutant;  1  surgeon;  15  ser- 
geants ;  13  corporals  ;  9  drummers ;  279  privates. 

The  Regiment  was  at  Leicester  on  the  29th  Dee.  It  must 
have  marched  about  this  date,  as  it  was  at  Bristol  on  7th 
January  1814. 

1814. — Between  the  4th  and  11th  of  April  thirty-three  men 
belonging  to  the  Regiment  volunteered  into  the  23rd  Foot. 

R.  0.,  Bristol,  19th  May. — The  Regiment  will  parade  for  the 
inspection  of  Major-General  BuUer  to-morrow  morning. 

The  Regiment  marched  from  Bristol  at  the  beginning  of 
June.  It  was  at  Hereford  on  the  10th  June,  and  arrived  at 
Welshpool  on  the  15th  June. 

R.  0.,  Welshpool,  17th  June. 

"  Lieut.-Colouel  Davies  has  great  satisfaction  in  informing  the 
Regiment  that  they  will  he  disembodied  on  the  24th  inst.  He  has 
been  much  pleased  at  the  general  conduct  and  behaviour  since  their 
arrival  in  the  county,  and  especially  at  their  appearance  on  the 
morning  parade ;  and  he  is  fully  persuaded  that  the  men  will  see  the 
necessity  of  behaving  with  regularity  and  decorum  during  the  short 
period  the  Lieutenant-Colonel  will  have  the  honour  to  command  them. 
Those  who  have  any  demands  for  clothing,  pay,  or  allowances,  will 
lose  no  time  in  settling  with  their  Captains." 

June  23. — E.  0.,  Welshpool.  The  Regiment  will  parade 
to-morrow  morning  at  the  usual  hour  for  muster  parade,  pre- 
paratory to  the  Regiment  being  disembodied,  etc. 

June  24. — Welshpool.  The  Regiment  was  disembodied  on 
this  day. 

July  12.— Whitehall.     (Circular.) 

"  Sir, — In  pursuance  of  an  order  of  the  House  of  Lords,  I  have 
the  honour  and  satisfaction  of  transmitting  to  you  a  copy  of  two 
resolutions,  which  passed  that  House  on  the  5th  inst.,  and  I  have  to 
desire  that  you  will  take  the  earliest  opportunity  of  communicating 
the  same  to  officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  men  of  the  corps 
under  your  command. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir, 

"  Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

**  (Signed )         Sidmouth. 
"To  the  Officer  commanding  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia." 


202        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  R£GIM£NT  OF  MILITIA. 

Die  Martis,  5th  July  1814 

*'  Resolved  nemine  dissenttenU,  by  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal 
in  Parliament  assembled,  that  the  thanks  of  this  House  be 
given  to  the  officers  of  several  corps  of  Militia,  which  have 
been  embodied  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  during  the  course 
of  the  War,  for  the  seasonable  and  meritorious  services  which 
they  have  rendered  to  their  king  and  country. 

"  Resolved  nemine  dissentiente  by  the  Lords  Spiritual  and  Temporal 
in  Parliament  assembled,  that  this  House  do  highly  approve  and 
acknowledge  the  services  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and 
men  of  the  several  corps  of  Militia  which  have  been  embodied 
in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  during  the  course  of  the  War, 
and  that  the  same  be  communicated  to  them  by  the  com- 
manding officers  of  the  several  corps,  who  are  desired  to  thank 
them  for  their  meritorious  conduct." 

Dec.  26. — R  O.,  Nantcribba.  In  parsaance  of  the  54th  of  the 
King,  chapter  189,  the  Paymaster  and  Surgeon  of  the  Mont- 
gomery  Regiment  will  be  constantly  residing  within  the  town 
of  Welshpool,  etc. 

1819,  Nov.  27.— Chester  Castle. 

''Received  from  Sergeant  William  Thomas,  belonging  to  the 
Royal  Montgomery  Militia : — Arm-chests,  2. 

"(Signed)  Peter  Faulkner, 

"Master  Armourer  to  the  Ordnance." 

Note. — These  arm-chests  contained  the  locks  and  bayonets 
of  the  arms  of  the  Regiment,  which  were  ordered  to  be  given 
up  iti  consequence  of  the  disturbed  state  of  the  country. 

1820,  Sept.  18. — The  Regiment  assembled  at  Welshpool  on 
this  date,  for  twenty-eight  days'  training,  exclusive  of  the  days 
of  march  to  and  from  the  place  of  assembly. 

1821. — The  Regiment  was  ordered  to  assemble  on  14th 
June. 

1825. — The  Regiment  was  ordered  to  assemble  on  25th 
June.  The  information  that  the  Regiment  was  ordered  to 
assemble  in  1821  and  1825  is  obtained  from  the  Montgomery^ 
shire  Oollections,  vol.  xvi,  p.  123. 

1829,  May  11.— War  Office.  Circular  No.  635—22—668 
—39. 

"  Sir, — I  have  the  honour  to  inform  you  that  the  establishment 
of  the  Regiment  under  your  command  will,  in  pursuance  of  an 
Act    of  this  Session  of  Parliament,  be,  from  the  25th  June  next, 


BOTAL  MONTGOMEKY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        203 

1  A<^aUiit.         reduced  to  the  numbers  stated  in  the  margin.     The 
6  Sere^antfl^*^'    allowance  which  each  individual  member  of  the  staff, 

^!^*2ajor.    teing  a  non-commissioned  of&cer,  is  to  receive  on  re- 

2  Drammera.       duction,  will  be  hereafter  communicated  to  jou,  etc. 

*•  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  etc., 

*'  H.  Hardingb. 
**  To  Colonel  Davies,  Montgomezy  Regiment 
of  Militia,  Welshpool." 

"  In  1829  an  Act^  which  has  since  become  an  annnal  Act^  was 
passed  to  suspend  the  ballot,  but  the  ballot  was  put  in  force 
by  Order  in  Council  of  the  29th  December  1880,  and  continued 
in  force  till  the  month  of  February  1832"  (Clode's  MUitai-y 
Forces  of  the  Grown,  chap,  iii,  par.  49). 

1881. — ^The  Regiment  was  called  out  for  twenty-eight  days' 
training  on  the  15th  March. 

The  strength  of  the  Regiment  at  this  training  was  as  fol- 
lows:— 18  officers,  1  sergeant-major,  1  quartermaster  sergeant, 
18  sergeants,  18  corporals,  8  buglers,  and  279  privates.  The 
Regiment  was  not  called  out  for  training  again  until  1852. 

1835,  Sept.  16.— War  Office.    No.  71,  699. 

"  Sib, — I  have  the  honour  to  acquaint  you  that,  under  provisions 
of  the  Act  of  5th  and  6th  Will.  IV,  cap.  37,  the  drum-majors  and 
drummers  of  every  Militia  Regiment  are  to  be  reduced,  and  that,  in 
pursuance  of  an  order  in  Council,  dated  the  19th  inst.,  four  sergeants 
of  the  Regiment  under  your  command  are  also  to  be  reduced.  The 
reduction  is  to  be  considered  as  taking  effect  from  the  10th  of  next 
month.     Etc.,  etc. 

"  (Signed)         Howick. 

"  To  Colonel  Davies,  Colonel  of  the  Montgomery 
Regiment  of  Militia." 

1836. — This  year  the  Government  ordered  all  the  arms, 
accoutrements,  and  clothing  of  the  Regiment  to  be  delivered 
in  to  Chester  Castle;  but  at  the  request  of  the  Lord-Lieu- 
tenant of  the  County  (Viscount  Clive,  M.P.),  twenty  stand  of 
arms,  and  accoutrements  and  clothing  for  twenty  men,  were 
allowed  to  be  retained  in  store  at  Welshpool,  in  addition  to 
three  staiid  of  fusils  for  the  use  of  the  staff,  which  at  this  time 
consisted  of  three  sergeants. 

1842. — Lieutenant-Colonel  Commandant  John  Davies  died 
on  the  9  th  June. 

By  the  death  of  Lieutenant- Colonel  Davies,  Major  Harrison 
became  senior  officer.  He  refused  the  promotion  which  was 
offered  him,  in  consequence  of  the  state  of  his  health,  which 
would  have  prevented  his  serving  again. 


204        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

1844. — Major  Harrison  died  on  the  16th  March.  By  the 
death  of  Major  Harrison,  Captain  Daykin  became  senior  oflBcer. 

1846.— Captain  E.  Dwen  was  appointed  Adjutant  on  the 
29th  June. 

The  Earl  of  Powis,  K.G.,  was  appointed  Colonel  in  December. 

1848.— Colonel  the  Earl  of  Powis,  E.G.,  died  on  the  17th 
January. 

By  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Powis,  Captain  Daykin  became 
senior  officer. 

1851. — Captain  Daykin  died  on  the  22nd  February. 

By  the  death  of  *  Captain  Daykin,  Captain  R.  0.  Tudor 
became  senior  officer. 

1852,  Feb.  7. — The  Permanent  Staff  on  this  date  consisted 
of  Captain  and  Adjutant  E.  Dwen,  and  one  sergeant ;  and  the 
officers  were : — Captain  R.  0.  Tudor,  Lieutenant  Necrasoff, 
Lieutenant  C.  Browne,  Lieutenant  W.  0.  Smith,  Lieutenant 
H.  J.  Evans,  Ensign  C.  H.  Garratt,  Ensign  J.  Turner. 

1852. — Sir  John  Conroy,  Bart.,  K.C.H.,  was  appointed  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Commandant  of  the  Regiment  on  the  30th 
August.  The  following  extracts  from  Mr.  Clode's  Intro- 
duction to  "  The  Militia  (Voluntary  Enlistment)  Act,  1875'^ 
explain  the  alterations  that  were  made  this  year  in  the  organi- 
sation of  the  Militia : — 

Para.  3.  "  From  the  year  1756  to  1852  the  Militia  appears  upon 
the  Statute  Book  as  a  conscript -force  to  be  raised  primarily  by  ballot 
(with  the  supplementary  aid  of  voluntary  enrolment),  at  the  cost  of 
individuals  or  localities  ;  but  when  in  the  latter  year  the  Militia  was 
revived,  Parliament  resolved  to  establish  it  on  the  basis  of  voluntary 
enrolment  at  the  expense  of  the  Imperial  Treasury,  taking  the  Ballot 
and  its  consequences  only  in  aid  should  voluntary  enlistment  fail." 

Para.  6.  *'  The  first  great  change  was  from  conscription  to  volun- 
tary enlistment  in  1852.  For  some  previous  years  the  operation  of 
the  ballot  had  been  suspended  and  the  population  relieved  from  the 
cost  of  personal  service  or  of  providing  substitutes.  It  was,  there- 
fore, practically  inexpedient  to  reimpose  this  burthen,  and  Parlia- 
ment transferred  the  expense  of  raising  men — assuming  them  to  be 
raised  by  voluntary  enrolment — from  personal  or  local  to  imperial 
funds." 

**  As,  however,  the  ballot  was  a  possibility,  quotas  for  counties  and 
districts  were  needful,  together  with  a  record  of  the  Volunteers 
which  each  area  produced,  because  the  ballot,  if  again  imposed, 
would  be  so  only  for  deficiencies  upon  the  defaulting  districts.'* 

The  Regiment  not  having  been  out  for  training  from  1831 
to  1852,  was  without  non-commissioned  officers  and  men,  with 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA. 


205 


the  except/ion  of  one  staff- sergeant.  On  the  5th  September 
recruiting  commenced,  and  three  companies  were  raised  in 
sixteen  days. 

All  the  old  oflBcers  mentioned  on  the  7th  February,  except 
Captain  and  Adjutant  Dwen,  resigned  their  commissions.  The 
Regiment  was  out  for  training  this  year  from  the  25th  October 
to  the  14th  November. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  oflScers  at  that  time  : — 

Lieut. -Colonel  Commandant  Sir  John  Conroy,  Bart, 

K.C.H.               .  .  .  .30  Aug.  1852 

Major  Hon.  II.  Hanbury  Tracy  .  .      30  Aug.  1852 

Captain  J.  E.  H.  Pryce  .  .  .30  Aug.  1852 

„       D.  D.  Wemyss  .  .2  Sept.  1852 

„       G.  Beadnell .  .  .  .10  Sept.  1852 

Lieutenant  J.  H.  Jenkins  .  .  .2  Sept  1852 

„             W.  P.  Browne  .  .2  Oct.    1852 

„            J.  P.  Harrison  .  .  .7  Oct.    1852 

Ensign  J.  M.  Jones  .  .  .  .2  Sept.  1852 

„      R.  H.  Sturkey  .  .15  Sept.  1852 

„      J.  B.  H.  Rainier  .  .  .      30  Oct.    1852 

Adjutant  E.  Dwen,  Captain  .  .  .29  June  1846 

Surgeon  W.  Slyman  .  .  .10  Sept.  1852 

R.  0.,  Welshpool,  27th  October. 

The  Commanding  Officer  has  the  satisfaction  to  announce 
to  the  Regiment  that  they  were  the  first  raised  in  the  Princi- 
pality, and  the  second  in  England.  This  order  to  be  read  to 
the  men  in  billets. 

The  companies  will  be  designated  as  follows  : — No.  1,  Welsh- 
pool ;  No.  2,  Newtown ;  No.  3,  Llanfair. 

R  0.,  Welshpool,  11th  November. 

The  Commanding  Officer  has  the  greatest  pleasure  in  con- 
veying to  the  corps  the  following  copy  of  a  letter  he  has 
received  from  the  inhabitants  of  this  town,  and  his  reply 
to  it. 

The  Commanding  Officer  is  persuaded  that  the  volunteers 
will  appreciate  this  handsome  expression  of  public  feeling  in 
their  favour. 

(Copy)  «  Welshpool,  10th  Nov.  1852. 

"  Sir, — The  Inhabitants  of  this  town,  in  consideration  of  the  good 

conduct,  in  and  out  of  quarters,  of  the  Non-Commissioned  Officers 

and  Privates  of  the  RM.M.,  during  their  period  of  training  and 

exercise  in  this  Town,  .are  desirous  to  regale  the  men  on  Saturday 


206        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

next  (the  last  day  of  drilling),  with  a  Dinner  of  Roast  Beef  and  Ale, 
and  your  concurrenoe  therein  is  most  respectfnlly  solicited. 
"  We  have  the  honor  to  be,  Sir, 

"  Your  most  obedient  Servants 
(On  behalf  of  the  Inhabitants  and  Subscribers), 

"(Signed)         John  Williams. 
Samubl  Salter. 
Charles  MoRRia 
**  To  Sir  John  Conroy,  Bart,  Lieut.-Colonel         Robert  Saycb. 

of  the  R.  M.  Militia.  Willloi  Sai/tkr." 

(Copy.)  "  Welshpool,  10th  November  1852. 

"Messrs.  Morris,  Satcb,  Williams,  and  Saltbrs, — You  are 
pleased  to  inform  me  that  the  Inhabitants  of  this  Town,  in  consi- 
deration of  the  good  conduct,  in  and  out  of  quarters,  of  the  Non- 
commissioned Officers  and  Privates  of  the  R.  M.  Militia  during  their 
period  of  Training  and  Exercise  in  this  Town,  are  desirous  to  regale 
the  men  on  Saturday  next  with  a  Dinner.  I  accept  the  proposal  with 
unfeigned  pleasure,  as  a  most  gratifying  proof  that  the  Regiment,  in 
carrying  on  their  Military  duties,  have  also  conducted  themselves  as 
good  Citizens.  The  collection  of  a  large  body  of  young  men  in 
Billets  in  Public-houses,  whose  average  age  is  23  years,  might  have 
been  attended  with  some  acts  of  indiscretion. 

"  I  am,  Sirs,  your  very  obedient  humble  Servant, 
"John  Conroy, 
"Lieut. -Colonel  Commanding  R.M.M  " 

1853.— R  O..  Welshpool,  11th  March. 

Her  Majesty  has  been  pleased  to  direct  that  the  Royal 
Montgomery  Regiment  of  Militia  shall  be  formed  into  a  Rifle 
Corps. 

A  fourth  Company  had  been  raised  since  the  last  training. 
The  following  were  the  oflScers  :— Captain,  J.  M.  Jones  ;  Lien- 
tenant,  H.  NichoUs ;  Second  Lieutenant,  H.  0.  Johnes.  Their 
commissions  were  all  dated  6th  Jan.  1853.  The  Ensigns  were 
now  all  styled  Second  Lieutenants. 

R.  O.,  Welshpool,  26th  April  1853. 

The  4th  Company  to  be  called  the  Montgomery  Company. 

The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-eight  days'  training  at 
Welshpool  on  26th  April;  The  Commanding  Officer  was 
informed  by  the  Secretary  of  State  that  the  Regiment  had 
again  been  the  first  in  the  Principality  to  complete  its  quota 
for  the  year.  The  Regiment  was  inspected  by  Colonel  Derinzy 
(Inspecting  Field  Officer  at  Liverpool)  on  23rd  May. 

1854 — Lientenant-Colonel  Sir  John  Conroy,  Bart,  K.C.H., 
died  on  2nd  March. 

Major  Hon.  H.  Hanbury  Tracy  was  promoted  to  be  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel on  Ist  May. 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA.        207 

Captain  J.  B.  H.  Pryce  was  promoted  to  be  Major  on  Ist  May. 

The  Begiment  assembled  for  twenty-eight  days'  training  on 
23rd  May. 

Ball  practice  was  carried  on  this  training  in  rear  of  the 
Armoury.     Distance,  eighty  yards. 

The  Eegiment  was  inspected  by  Colonel  Bochfort  Scott,  C.B., 
on  17th  Jane. 

In  June  the  Begiment  volunteered  for  active  service  in  the 
East 

The  Begiment  was  embodied  on  the  12th  December,  on 
which  day  there  were  present  339  of  all  ranks. 

Brunswick  (two-grooved)  rifles  were  issued  to  the  Begiment 
on  20th  December,  in  place  of  the  old  Brown  Bess  musquets. 
SSubaltems  appointed  after  this  date  were  again  styled  Ensigns. 

1855,  12th  January. — On  this  day  seven  men  belonging  to 
the  Begiment  volunteered  to  the  line,  and  were  enlisted  for 
the  66th  Begiment  (Lieutenant  Day,  of  that  Begiment,  having 
been  sent  down  to  recruit). 

The  Begiment  paraded  on  the  30th  March  for  the  promul- 
gation of  a  Circular  dated  War  Department,  27th  March  1855, 
granting  to  all  volunteers  enrolled  previous  to  12th  May  1854 
the  option  of  being  reattested  to  serve  the  unexpired  portion 
of  their  service,  or  of  returning  to  their  homes.  Out  of  218 
men  who  could  avail  themselves  of  this,  110  were  reattested ; 
the  remaining  108  being  subsequently  discharged,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  confidential  circular  dated  War  Department,  8th 
June  1855. 

This  was  in  consequence  of  the  conditions  of  service  having 
been  varied  by  an  Act  of  Parliament  passed  in  1854.  Previous 
to  that  Act,  the  Crown  could  embody  the  Militia  "  on  actual 
invasion,  or  imminent  danger  thereof.  But  the  Act  of  1854 
enabled  the  Crown  to  embody  the  Militia  "  whenever  a  state 
of  war  exists  between  Her  Majesty  and  any  foreign  power.^' 
The  men  accordingly  were  offered  a  bounty  or  a  discharge. 
Lieut-Colonel  Hon.  H.  Hanbury  Tracy  resigned  his  commission 
on  31st  May. 

Major  J.  E.  H.  Pryce  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant-Colonel 
on  26th  June. 

Captain  George  Beadnell  was  promoted  to  be  Major  on  3rd 
July. 

The  Begiment  formed  a  guard  of  honour  to  H.B.H.  the 
Duchess  of  Cambridge  on  her  arrival  at  Powis  Castle  with  the 
Princess  Mary  on  12th  October. 

1866. — On  the  29th  January,  twenty  men  belonging  to  the 
Begiment  volunteered  to  the  line.    To  the  Boyal  Artillery,  1 ; 


208   ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

Sappers  and  Miners,  1  ;  Grenadier  Guards,  6  ;  4th  Regiment,  1 ; 
23rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  9;  25th  Regiment,  2;  making  a 
total  of  71  who  had  passed  into  the  army  since  the  embodiment 
of  the  Regiment.  Captain  Wallace,  of  the  25th  Regiment,  was 
sent  down  to  recruit  at  this  time. 

11th  February. — The  Regiment  marched  on  this  day  from 
Welshpool  to  Shrewsbury.  It  was  met  between  four  and  five 
miles  from  Shrewsbury  by  about  two  hundred  men  of  the 
Shropshire  Militia.  At  Shelton  Gate,  the  officers,  band,  and 
remainder  of  the  Shropshire  met  the  Regiment;  and  the  band 
played  it  into  Shrewsbury,  where  it  was  billeted  for  the  night. 

12th  February. — The  Regiment  moved  from  Shrewsbury  to 
Newport,  Monmouthshire,  by  railway,  and  was  billeted  there. 
The  band  of  the  Clare  Militia  played  it  in. 

13th  February. — The  Regiment  moved  from  Newport  to 
Haverfordwest  by  railway,  and  was  billeted  there  for  the  night. 
The  band  of  the  Pembroke  Militia  played  it  in.  The  officers 
of  the  Shropshire,  Clare,  and  Pembroke  Militia  Regiments 
hospitably  entertained  the  officers  of  the  Royal  Montgomery 
on  the  several  days. 

14th  February. — The  Regiment  marched  from  Haverford- 
west to  Nayland,  and  thence  was  conveyed  by  dockyard  barges 
to  Pembroke  Dock,  and  occupied  the  Hut  Barracks,  where  it 
was  brigaded  with  the  Pembroke,  Monmouth,  and  North 
Gloucester  Militia,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Norcott, 
C.B.,  A.A.G.  Lieutenant  H.  0.  Johnes,  who  had  been  recom- 
mended for  an  Ensigncy  in  the  line  on  26th  November  1855, 
was  appointed  Ensign  in  the  56th  Regiment  on  the  26th  Feb., 
upwards  of  one  hundred  volunteers  having  joined  the  line 
since  27th  May  1854. 

15th  April. — Pembroke  Dock. 

The  Regiment  was  inspected  by  Colonel  Shirley,  C.B.,  com- 
manding the  Monmouth  and  South  Wales  District. 
.  June  5. — The  Regiment  passed  over  to  Milford  Haven 
Station,  and  moved  by  railway  from  thence  to  Newport;  on  the 
following  day,  it  moved  by  railway  from  Newport  to  Shrews- 
bury, and  marched  thence  to  Welshpool  on  the  7th. 

June  7. — Garrison  Order,  Pembroke  Dock. 

"1.  Colonel  Norcott,  C.B.,  cannot  permit  the  Royal  Montgomery 
Rifles  to  leave  the  garrison  for  the  purpose  of  returning  to  its  head- 
quarters, County  Town,  there  to  be  disembodied,  without  expressing 
his  sense  of  the  high  state  of  discipline  and  efficiency  of  .that  corps. 
The  attainment  of  such  a  state  can  only  have  resulted  from  the  zeal 
and  ability  of  its  commanding  officer,  and  that  ready  co-operation 
and  cheerful  pains  taken  by  the  officers  and  men  which  form  the  basis 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA.        209 

of  all  military  excellence,  Conspicuous  for  their  conduct  in  quarters,  as 
for  their  admirable  working  in  the  field,  it  is  a  source  of  gratification 
to  Colonel  Norcott  to  remember  he  had  the  honour  to  have  them 
under  his  command  and  to  record  the  same  in  orders. 

"By  order,         (Signed)    J.  M.  Carter,  Capt.  A.  G.  A." 

On  the  18th  June^  the  Mayor  and  inhabitants  of  Welshpool 
entertained  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  at  a 
pablic  dinner  in  the  Town  Hall. 

R.  0.,  Welshpool,  19th  June. 

"As  the Begiment  is  now  to  be  disembodied, the  Gommandinp^ 
Officer  has  the  greatest  pleasure  in  assuring  the  men  of  his 
high  appreciation  of  their  steady  and  soldierlike  demeanour 
during  the  whole  period  of  their  embodied  service,  and  more 
especially  under  the  temptation  that  many  must  have  been 
exposed  to  in  returning  to  their  friends  and  to  their  native 
town.  Such  conduct  will  bring  a  lasting  credit  upon  them, 
and  they  will  bear  with  them  to  their  homes  the  good  will  and 
the  good  wishes  of  every  officer  of  the  corps.  To  the  Sergeant- 
Major,  Quartermaster- Sergeant,  and  the  Non-Commissioned 
Officers  generally,  the  Commanding  Officer  begs  to  express  his 
sincere  thanks  for  the  ability,  earnestness,  and  zeal  with  which 
they  have  discharged  the  onerous  duties  required  from  them/' 

19th  June. — The  Regiment  was  disembodied  on  this  day, 

6th  August. — On  the  occasion  of  the  public  reception  of 
Colonel  Hon.  Percy  B.  Herbert,  C.B.,  M.P.,  on  his  return  from 
the  Crimea,  a  detachment  of  the  Uegiment,  with  the  band, 
under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Corrie,  formed  a  guard  of 
honour  in  the  courtyard  of  Powis  Castle.  The  detachment 
was  formed  of  men  specially  called  up  for  the  purpose,  as  the 
Begiment  was  not  out  for  training  at  the  time. 

1858,  15th  September. — The  Regiment  assembled  on  this 
day  for  twenty-eight  days'  training,  and  was  inspected  on  2nd 
October  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Laye,  24th  Regiment.  The 
training  was  originally  only  to  have  lasted  twenty-one  days, 
but  an  extension  of  seven  days  was  ordered  on  the  3rd  October. 

1859,  July  15th. — The  Regiment  assembled  on  this  day  for 
twenty-one  days^  training,  and  was  inspected  on  2nd  August 
by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Preston,  45th  Regiment. 

1860. — Short  Enfield  rifles  were  issued  to  the  Regiment  on 
13th  March,  in  place  of  the  Brunswick  (two-grooved)  rifles. 

17th  September. — The  Regiment  assemblpd  on  this  day  for 
twenty-seven  days' training,  and  was  inspected  on  11th  October 
by  Colonel  Lord  Frederick  Paulet,  C.B.,  Inspector- General  of 
Militia.  After  the  inspection,  Lord  Frederick  Paulet  addressed 
the  Regiment  as  follows  : — 

VOL.  XVII,  r 


210        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA. 

"  Colonel  Pryce,  OflScers,  and  Non-Com missioned  Officers  of  the 
Royal  Montgomery  Rifles, — I  am  extremely  happy  that  the  weather 
has  cleared  up  to  enable  me  to  inspect  you  to-day.  The  report  made 
of  your  efficiency  at  the  last  training  prepared  me  for  what  I  should 
find  ;  but  it  is  always  more  gratifying  to  judge  for  oneself.  I  cannot 
say  too  much  in  your  praise ;  your  wheels  in  columns  were  as  good 
as  they  could  be,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  Regiment  per- 
formed its  n^anceuvres,  proves  to  me  that  it  must  have  been  well 
and  properly  instructed,  for,  if  there  was  any  flying  off  in  the  touch, 
it  was  at  once  taken  up  and  rectified.  The  Regimental  and  company's 
books  appear  to  me  to  have  been  kept  with  the  greatest  regularity ; 
the  stores  and  the  quarters  for  the  non-commissioned  officers  in  the 
best  order.  I,  therefore,  shall  have  great  satisfaction  in  making  an 
excellent  report  of  you  to  the  Secretary  at  War  ;  and  I  request  you, 
Colonel  Pryce,  to  communicate  to  the  Regiment  all  that  I  have  now 
said." 

1861,  April  21. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days'  training,  and  was  inspected  by  Colonel  Wilbraham,  C.B., 
Assistant-Adjutant-General,  on  the  14th  May  1861. 

Ball  practice  was  carried  on  at  Llanymynech  this  year  for 
the  first  time. 

1862,  April  24th. — The  recruits  assembled  for  thirty-five 
days'  preliminary  drill  and  training. ' 

May  8th. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-one  days. 
Inspected  on  27th  May  by  Colonel  C.  A.  Edwards,  C.B.,  49th 
Regiment. 

1863,  10th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  thirty-five 
days. 

24th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-one  days. 
Inspected  on  13th  May  by  Colonel  C.  A.  Edwards,  C.B.,  49th 
Regiment. 

1864,  7th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  thirty -five 
days. 

21st  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-one  days. 
Inspected  on  10th  May  by  Colonel  Sir  John  Jones,  K.C.B., 
Inspecting  Field  OflBcer  at  Liverpool. 

1865,  19th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  thirty-four 
days. 

26th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  20th  May  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hardy, 
9th  Depot  Battalion. 

1866,  3rd  May. — The  recruits  assembled  for  thirty-four 
days. 

10th  May. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  4th  June  by  Colonel  Sir  John  Jones, 
K.C.B. 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        211 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Pryce  died  on  the  4th  October. 

Major  George  Beadnell  was  promoted  to  be  Lieuteaant- 
Colonel  on  the  21st  November.  Captain  John  Heyward 
Heyward  was  promoted  to  be  Major  on  the  same  date. 

1867,  8th  April. —  The  recruits  assembled  for  forty-one  days. 
22nd   April. — The   Regiment  assembled   for   twenty-seven 

days.     Inspected  on  17th  May  by  Colonel  Sir  John  Jones, 
K.C.B. 

The  Militia  Reserve  Act  was  passed  this  year. 

1868,  13th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  forty-one 
days. 

27th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  22nd  May  by  Colonel  Baring,  Coldstream 
Guards. 

8th  August. — The  staflf  received  orders  to  proceed  to  the 
railway  station  to  receive  Lord  Napier  of  Magdala,  on  his 
return  from  the  Abyssinian  campaign. 

1869,  8th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  forty-one 
days. 

22nd  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  17th  May  by  Lieut.-Colonel  Deshon, 
A.I.  of  Reserve  Forces. 

1870,  11th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  forty-one 
days. 

25th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  tweaty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  19th  May  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hamil- 
ton, 4th  Regiment. 

This  year  an  important  change  was  made  in  the  conditions 
under  which  the  Militia  might  be  embodied.  The  Act  of  1854 
enabled  the  Crown  to  embody  the  Militia  "  whenever  a  state  of 
war  exists  between  Her  Majesty  and  any  foreign  powers". 

The  Act  of  1870  changed  this  to  a  declaration  "  of  imminent 
national  danger  or  of  great  emergency'^ 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Beadnell  was  granted  the  honorary 
rank  of  Colonel  on  17th  December. 

1871,  20th  March.— The  recruits  assembled  for  fifty-five 
days. 

Captain  E.  P.  B.  Brooke,  late  41st  Regiment,  was  appointed 
Adjutant  of  the  Regiment  on  the  1st  April,  vice  Dwen, 
resigned. 

17th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  the  11th  May  by  Lieutenant- Colonel 
Hamilton,  4th  Regiment. 

The  Regiment  was  this  year  supplied  with  Snider  (breech- 
loading)  rifles. 

P  2 


212        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILtTlA. 

Ball  practice  was  earned  on  at  the  Golfa  range  this  year^ 
for  the  first  time. 

1872,  18th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  fifly-five 
days. 

15th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 

R.  O.,  Welshpool,  7th  May. 

The  Commanding  OflScer  wishes  to  record,  in  Regimental 
orders,  that  the  old  colours  which  were  used  by  the  Royal 
Montgomery  Regiment  before  they  were  changed  from  Light 
Infantry  to  Rifles  in  1853,  were  this  day  deposited,  with  all 
ceremony  and  respect,  in  St.  Mary's  Church,  Welshpool. 

9th  May. — The  Regiment  was  inspected  this  day  by 
Colonel  Jones,  A.-A.-G.,  Liverpool 

1873. — On  the  Ist  April  the  country  was  divided  into  sub- 
districts,  with  headquarters  at  different  brigade  depdts.  The 
Royal  Montgomery  formed  part  of  the  23rd  Sub- EH  strict,  the 
brigade  depot  being  at  Wrexham.  The  line  Regiment  was 
the  23  rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  and  the  affiliated  Militia 
Regiments  were  the  Royal  Anglesea,  Royal  Carnarvon,  Royal 
Flint,  Royal  Denbigh,  and  Royal  Merioneth. 

1873,  7th  April. — The  recruits  assembled  for  sixty-nine 
days. 

19th  May. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 
Inspected  on  the  12th  June  by  Colonel  Bell,  C.B.,  V.C.,  com- 
manding 23rd  Sub-District. 

Captain  W.  J.  Twyford,  23rd  Royal.  Welsh  Fusiliers,  was 
Acting- Adjutant  during  the  training,  vice  Brooke,  sick,  absent*. 
Captain  and  Adjutant  Brooke  resigned  his  commission  on  15th 
August. 

Captain  W.  J.  Twyford,  23rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  was 
appointed  Adjutant  for  the  term  of  five  years  on  the  15th  Sep- 
tember. 

1874,  2nd  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty-three 
days. 

27th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  21st  May  by  Colonel  Anderson,  com- 
manding 18th  Sub-District,  in  place  of  Colonel  Bell,  C.B., 
V.C.,  reported  sick. 

R.  O.,  Welshpool,  5th  June. 

It  is  notified  that  by  War  Office  letter,  Montgomery,  dated 

196 
28th  May  1874,  the   strength   of  the   Regiment   has    been 
increased  to  400  men. 

This  year  the  Regiment  was  transferred  from  the  23rd  to 
the  21st  Sub-District,  the   brigade   depot   being  at  Shrews- 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        213 

bory^  the  line  Regiments  being  the  43rd  and  53rd,  and  the 
affiliated  Militia  Regiment  being  the  Shropshire. 

1875,  1st  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty -three 
days. 

26th  April. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days.  Inspected  on  20th  and  21st  May  by  Colonel  F.  Green 
Wilkinson,  C.B.,  commanding  21st  Sub-District. 

1876, 13th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty-three 
days. 

8th  May. — The  regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Honorary  Colonel  George  Beaduell 
resigned  his  commission  on  the  12th  May. 

The  Regiment  was  inspected  on  2nd  June  by  Colonel  F. 
Green  Wilkinson,  C.B.,  commanding  21st  Sub-District. 

Major  John  Heyward  Heyward  was  promoted  to  be  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel on  the  3rd  June.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hey- 
ward was  granted  the  honorary  rank  of  Colonel ;  and  Captain 
and  Honorary  Major  J.  P.  Harrison  was  promoted  to  be  Major, 
on  27th  June. 

1877, 19th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty-three 
days. 

14th  May. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 

The  following  War  Office  letter,  fixing  the  future  establish- 
ment of  the  Regiment^  was  published  in  Regimental  Orders 
of  the  29th  May  :— 

"A 
Montgomeiy.  "  War  Office,  23rd  May  1877. 

253. 
"  The  Queen  has  been  graciously  pleased  to  approve  of  the  Royal 
Montgomery  Militia  being  increased  by  two  companies,  and  the 
following  will  be  the  establishment  for  the  Regiment  for  the  year 
1877-1878,  viz.: — 1  lieutenant -colonel,  1  major,  6  captains,  6  lieu- 
tenants, 3  second  lieutenants,  1  adjutant,  1  quartermaster,  1  sergeant- 
major,  1  quartermaster-sergeant,  1  paymaster-sergeant,  1  sergeant 
instructor  in  musketry,  1  orderly-room  clerk,  1  bugle-major,  12  per- 
manent staff-sergeants,  6  buglers,  12  sergeants,  24  corporals,  and  600 
privates. 

"  (Signed)        J.  W.  Armstrong,  Major-General 
I.  G.  A.  Forces. 
"  To  the  General  Officer  Commanding  Northern 
District.  Manchester." 

The  Regiment  was  inspected  on  the  7th  and  8th  June  by 
Colonel  F.  M.  Colvile,  C.B.,  commanding  21st  Sub-District. 

1878, 25th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty-three 
days. 


214        HOYAL  M0NT60MEEY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

R.  0.,  Welshpool,  3rd  April. 

It  is  notified  for  general  information  that  Her  Majesty  has 
been  graciously  pleased,  by  Boyal  Proclamation,  to  direct  that 
the  Militia  Reserve  be  called  out  upon  army  service  on  the 
19th  day  of  April  1878. 

On  the  28th  April  the  whole  of  the  Militia  Reserve  men  pro- 
ceeded to  Jersey  (under  command  of  Captain  Kirkwood,  53rd 
.Regiment)  to  be  attached  to  the  53rd  Regiment  until  further 
ordera 

20th  May. — The  Regiment    assembled    for  twenty-seven 


R.  0.,  Welshpool,  2nd  June. 

Under  instructions  received,  the  following  General  Order  is 
published : — 

"  G.  O.,  35.    Reserve  forces. 

"The  period  fixed  by  Royal  Proclamation  for  the  mobilisation 
of  the  Reserve  Forces  having  now  expired,  H.R.H.  the  Field- 
Marshal  Commanding-in-Chief  has  received  the  Queen's  com- 
mands  to  convey  to  the  Officers,  Non-Commissioned  Officers^ 
and  soldiers  of  Her  Majesty's  Army  the  expression  of  her 
high  opinion  of  the  very  satisfactory  manner  in  which  the 
men  composing  the  Army  and  Militia  Reserves  have  responded 
to  the  call  made  upon  them.  The  Queen  is  well  aware  of  the 
fact  that  the  men  had  in  many  cases  to  give  up  their  engage- 
ments and  to  leave  their  homes  and  their  families  at  short 
notice,  and  feels  sure  that  the  army  and  the  nation  at  large 
will  appreciate  as  fully  as  Her  Majesty  the  patriotic  and 
soldierlike  spirit  displayed  on  this  occasion." 

The  Regiment  was  inspected  on  the  13th  and  14th  June  by 
Colonel  Elgee,  23rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers,  in  place  of  Colonel 
Colvile,  C.B.,  reported  sick. 

On  the  29th  July,  the  Militia  Reserve  men  returned  from 
Jersey,  under  command  of  Captain  Rogerson,  53rd  Regiment, 
and  were  dismissed  to  their  homes. 

R.  0.,  Welshpool,  Aug.  2. — The  following  G.  0.  is  published 
for  general  information : — 

''H.R.H.  the  Field-Marshal  Commanding^in-Chief  has  received 
the  Queen's  command  to  convey  to  the  Non-CommisBioned  OfiQcers 
and  Soldiers  of  the  Army  and  MiUtia  Reserve,  who  are  about  to 
return  to  their  homes.  Her  Msgesty's  entire  approbation  of  the  manner 
in  which  they  have  performed  their  duty  whilst  serving  with  the 
Colours.  The  cheerfulness  and  alacrity  with  which  they  responded  to 
the  call  made  upon  them,  at  a  period  of  national  emergency,  has 
made  a  deep  and  most  favourable  impression  upon  Her  Majesty. 

*<  The  Queen  trusts  that  the  men,  who  must  in  very  many  cases 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        215 

have  left  relations  in  civil  life  to  fulfil  their  duty  to  the  country,  will 
soon  find  re-employment ;  and  Her  Majesty  feels  assured  that  many 
employers  of  labour  will  gladly  avail  themselves  of  the  services  of 
those  who  have  displayed  so  loyal  and  patriotic  a  spirit." 

Aag.  7. — Welshpool.  The  Commanding  Officer  has  much 
pleasure  in  recording  the  following  highly  coqipliipentary 
letters  and  Regimental  Orders  just  received  from  Colonel 
Feudally  53rd  Regiment,  with  regard  to  the  conduct  of  the 
Reserve  men : — 

*^To  the  Officer  Commanding  Royal  Montgomery  Rifles, 
Fort  Regent,  Jersey,  3rd  Aug.  1878. 

"  Sir, — I  have  great  pleasure  in  forwarding  a  copy  of  the  Regi- 
mental Orders,  which  I  have  this  day  published,  consequent  on  tJie 
return  yesterday,  from  Welshpool,  of  the  party  under  Captain  Roger- 
son,  which  conducted  the  men  of  the  Militia  Reserve  of  your  Regi- 
ment, who  have  been  lately  posted  to  the  53rd. 

"  It  forms  a  pleasing  termination  of  our  three  months*  connection 
with  the  men  to  hear  they  behaved  so  well  in  their  journey  home. 
"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir, 

"  Your  obedient  servant,   • 
"  (Signed)       Georgb  N.  Fbndall,  Colonel, 

*'  Commanding  53rd  Regiment." 

Extracts  from  Regimental  Orders,  dated  Fort  Regent,  Jersey, 
brd  August  1878. 

"  The  Commanding  Officer  takes  the  opportunity  of  the  return  of 
the  party  which  conducted  the  men  of  the  Reserve  belonging  to  the 
Royal  Montgomery  Rifles  and  Shropshire  Militia  respectively,  to 
Welshpool  and  Shrewsbury,  by  recording,  in  Regimental  Standing 
Orders,  the  pride  and  satisfaction  it  has  given  him  to  have  such  fine 
men  under  his  command.  During  the  three  months  they  were  posted 
to  the  Regiment  not  one  single  act  of  insubordination  has  been 
noted,  nor  could  anything  exceed  their  willing  and  cheerful  obedience 
to  all  orders,  and  their  desire  and  readiness  to  incorporate  them- 
selves with,  and  to  be  considered  as  entirely  belonging  to,  the  53rd 
Regiment. 

"  Captain  Rogerson,  in  command  of  the  conducting  party,  moreover, 
reports  most  highly  of  their  orderly  and  soldierlike  behaviour  in  the 
long  journey — via  Kingstown  and  Liverpool — to  their  respective  head- 
quarters ;  and  in  wishing,  on  the  part  of  all  ranks,  a  hearty  *  Fare- 
well' to  them  all,  the  Commanding  Officer  trusts  they  may  all  find 
immediate  employment  in  civil  life ;  and  should  the  occasion  arise, 
and  another  national  emergency  be  impending,  it  would  give  him 
every  pleasure  to  have  again  the  same  men  to  sustain  the  credit  and 
honour  of  the  country  and  the  53rd  Regiment. 

"  By  order,  (Signed)         F.  C.  Mein, 

"  Lieut,  and  Adjutant  53rd  Regiment,*' 


216        KOYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA. 

The  five  years  for  which  Brevet-Major  Twyford  was  ap- 
pointed Adjutant  having  expired.  Colonel  Heyward  published 
the  following  order  : — 

"  R.O.,  Welshpool,  Ist  October. 

"  As  the  Adjutancy  of  the  Regiment  is  this  day  vacant  by  the 
expiration  of  Major  Twyford 's  tenure  of  the  appointment,  the  Com- 
manding Officer  cannot  lose  the  opportunity  of  thanking  him  for  his 
most  zealous  and  energetic  services  to  the  Regiment. 

"  It  is  unnecessary  to  enumerate  Major  Twyford's  merits  in  detail ; 
it  is  sufficient  to  state  one  notable  fact,  that,  during  his  tenure  of 
the  Adjutancy,  the  strength  of  the  Regiment  has  been  more  than 
doubled.  In  saying  *  Farewell*  to  Major  Twyford,  the  Commanding 
Officer  heartily  wishes  him  every  success  in  his  profession  and  in 
private  life — and  he  feels  certain  that  the  Regiment  to  a  man  will 
re-echo  this  sentiment. 

"  (Signed)  "  J.  H.  Hbyward,  Colonel" 

Captain  Frederick  Bowyer  Lane,  53rd  Regiment,  was  ap- 
pointed Adjutant  of  the  Regiment  on  the  1st  October,  in 
succession  to  Major  W.J.  Twyford,  23rd  Royal  Welsh  Fusiliers, 
whose  period  of  service  in  the  appointment  had  expired. 

1879,  24th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  seventy-six 
days. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Honorary  Colonel  John  Heyward 
Heyward  resigned  his  commission  on  the  25th  March. 

Major  and  Honorary  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Pryce 
Harrison  was  promoted  to  be  Lieutenant-Colonel  on  the  19th 
April. 

19th  May. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty  days* 
training. 

Captain  OflBey  John  Crewe  Read  was  promoted  to  be  Major 
on  the  20th  May. 

R.  O.,  Welshpool,  28th  May. 

The  following  letter  from  Colonel  J.  H.  Heyward,  late  Com- 
mandant of  the  Regiment,  is  published  for  the  information  of 
all  ranks  belonging  to  it  :— 

"Mt  dear  Harrison, — I  cannot  leave  the  Royal  Montgomery 
without  asking  you  to  say  *  Farewell'  for  me  to  the  old  Regiment. 
Tell  Officers,  Non -Commissioned  Officers,  and  men,  how  very  much  I 
shall  always  have  their  welfare  and  prosperity  at  heart  I  thank 
them  all  for  their  invariable  kindness  and  attention  to  me.  Quiet  in 
quarters,  steady  in  the  field,  smart  everywhere,  it  is  a  Regiment  that 
any  man  may  be  proud  to  command.  I  have  never  seen  large 
gathenngs  of  troops  without  wishing  that  the  Royal  Montgomcrv' 
were  present  to  show  outsiders  what  a  good  Militia  Regiment  is  like. 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        217 

It  will,  I  am  certain,  not  degenerate  in  your  hands.     You  know  its 
old  traditions  and  respect  them,  and  I  feel  satisfied  that,  well  sup- 
ported by  those  now  coming  to  the  front — in  the  future  to  be  our 
successors — ^you  will  keep  it,  as  it  always  has  been,  second  to  none. 
**  Believe  me,  yours  sincerely, 

"  (Signed)  "  J.  H.  Heyward. 

"  Crosswood,  36th  May  1879." 

Lieutenant-Colonel  J.  P.  Harrison  was  granted  the  honorary 
rank  of  Colonel  on  the  30th  May. 

'  The  Regiment  was  inspected  on  the  5th  and  6th  June  by 
Colonel  Colvile,  C.B.,  commanding  2l3t  Sub-District. 

Colonel  John  Heyward  Heyward  was  appointed  Honorary 
Colonel  of  the  Begiment  on  the  25th  June,  and  was  the  first  to 
be  so  appointed  since  the  formation  of  the  Regiment. 

1880,  29th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty-three 


24th  May. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven 
days. 

Captain  John  Shakespear  Langlands,  43rd  Rdgiment,  Ad- 
jutant of  the  2nd  Shropshire  Volunteers,  was  transferred  to 
the  Regiment  as  Adjutant  on  the  31st  May,  in  succession  to 
Captain  P.  B.  Bowyer  Lane,  53rd  Regiment,  who  resigned  the 
appointment. 

The  Regiment  was  inspected  on  the  17th  and  1 8th  June, 
by  Colonel  Colvile,  C.B.,  commanding  21st  Sub-District. 

1881,  14th  March. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty- 
three  days. 

9th  May. — The  Regiment  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 
Inspected  on  2nd  and  3rd  June  by  Colonel  Colvile,  C.B.,  com- 
manding 21st  Sub-District. 

On  the  Ist  May  a  General  Order  was  published  explaining 
the  changes  that  were  to  be  made  in  the  organisation,  titles, 
and  uniform  of  the  Regiments  of  the  Infantry  of  the  Line  and 
the  Militia.  The  Infantry  of  the  Line  and  the  Militia  were 
to  be  organised  in  Territorial  Regiments.  The  Regiments 
in  England,  Scotland,  and  Wales  were  to  consist  of  four 
Battalions,  and  in  Ireland  of  five  Battalions.  They  were  to 
bear  a  Territorial  designation,  corresponding  to  the  localities 
with  which  they  were  connected.  The  first  and  second  Batta- 
lions were  to  be  Line  Regiments,  and  the  remainder  Militia. 

All  the  Battalions  were  to  wear  the  same  uniform  ;  the 
Militia  Battalions  being  distinguished  by  the  letter  M  on  the 
shoulder-straps. 

The  Order  came  into  force  on  the  1st  July. 


218        ROYAL  MONTOOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


In  the  G.  0.  of  the  Ist  May,  the  Royal  Montgomery  wa3 
styled  the  "4th  Battalion,  the  Shropshire  Regiment  (King's 
Light  Infantry)*'.  The  first  Battalion  being  the  53rd  Regi- 
ment ;  the  second,  the  85th  Regiment ;  and  the  third,  the 
Shropshire  Militia. 

On  the  1st  July  a  6.  0.  was  published,  which  stated  that 
certain  changes  had  been  sanctioned  in  the  composition  and 
titles  of  Territorial  Regiments ;  and  among  others,  that  the 
Royal  Montgomery  had  been  made  the  4th  Battalion  of  The 
South  Wales  Borderers,  the  first  and  second  Battalions  being 
the  24th  Regiment  (1st  and  2nd  Battalions),  and  the  thinl 
Battalion  being  the  Royal  South  Wales  Borderers  (Radnor  and 
Brecon  Militia).  The  Sub-Districts  were  changed  into  Regi- 
mental Districts,  and  numbered  according  to  the  old  number 
of  the  senior  Line  Battalion.  The  headquarters  of  the  24th 
Regimental  District  is  at  Brecon ;  in  the  Western  District, 
headquarters,  Devonport. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  belonging  to  the 
Regiment  on  the  1st  July,  the  date  of  the  change  of  name: — 

Hon.  Colonel  J.  H.  Hey  ward 
Lt. -Colonel  J.  P.  Harrison,  Hon.  0. 
Major  0.  J.  Crewe  Read 
Captain  R.  J.  Harrison 
„       A.  Lloyd,  Hon.  M. 
„      J.  L.  Tamberlain 
„       A.  Agg-Gardner 
„       R.  T.  Passingham 
„       W.  C.  Hunter 
Lieutenant  W  G.  Fulton 
„  T.  S.  Safe  . 

„  W.  S.  G.  Quicke 

„  J.  M.  G.  Harrison 

„  R.  J.  Pakenham 

„  A.  H.  Pryce 

M.  M.  Lloyd 
„  M.  A.  Silber 

Adjutant  J.  S.  Langlands,  Capt  Oxfordshire  L.I. 
Quarter-Master  J.  Dovaaton 
Med.  Officer,  E.  T.  D.  Harrison,  Surgeon  Major 

1882. — Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Honorary  Colonel  John 
Pryce  Harrison  resigned  his  commission  on  the  17th  February. 

B.  p.,  Welshpool,  2l8t  February. 

**  Lieutenant- Colonel  and  Honorary  Colonel  J.  P.  Harrison,  on 
retiring  from  the  command  of  the  4th  Battalion  The  South 


25  June 

•79 

19  April 

79 

20  May 

•79 

30  July 

•73 

29  Oct. 

•73 

27  June 

•76 

23  June 

•77 

2  March '78 

30  June 

•81 

14  Aug. 

•78 

15  Aug. 

'79 

23  July 

•80 

5  April 

•81 

8  June 

•81 

1  July 

•81 

1  July 

•81 

1  July 

•81 

31  May 

'80 

8  Jany. 

•79 

18  April 

•69 

EOYAL  M0NTQ0MEB7  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        219 

Wales  Borderers,  desires  to  record  his  deep  regret  in  taking 
leave  of  it,  after  nearly  thirty  years'  service  in  the  Regiment 
under  its  former  designation  of  the  Eoyal  Montgomery  Biiles. 
He  will  always  retain  his  attachment  to  the  old  corps^  and  feels 
sure  that  whatever  changes  may  take  place  in  it,  it  will  keep 
up  its  good  name.  To  Officers^  Non- Commissioned  Officers, 
and  men  he  bids  'Farewell^,  with  the  offer  of  his  best  wishes 
to  one  and  all,  and  the  assurance  of  his  ever-continuing  interest 
in  the  Eegiment." 

13th  March. — ^The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty-three  days. 

Martini-Henry  Bifles  were  issued  to  the  men  this  training. 

Major  Offley  John  Crewe  Bead  was  promoted  to  be  Lieu- 
tenant-Qolonel  on  the  25th  April. 

Captain  Bobert  John  Harrison  was  promoted  to  be  Major 
on  the  2nd  May. 

8th  May.— The  Battalion  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 

Captain  and  Honorary  Major  Albert  Lloyd  was  promoted  to 
be  Major  on  31st  May. 

The  Battalion  was  iuspected  on  the  1st  and  2nd  June,  by 
Colonel  B.  T.  Glyn,  C.B.,  C.M.G.,  commanding  the  24th 
Begimental  District. 

1883,  26th  February. — The  recruits  assembled  for  eighty- 
three  days. 

23rd  April. — The  Battalion  assembled  for  twenty-seven  days. 

The  Earl  of  Powis,  Lord-Lieutenant  of  the  county,  pre- 
sented new  Colours  to  the  Battalion  on  the  1st  of  May. 
Shortly  after  twelve,  the  Earl  of  Powis,  in  the  uniform  of  Lord 
Lieutenant,  rode  on  to  the  ground,  accompanied  by  Colonel 
Heyward  (Hon.  Colonel  of  the  Battalion),  and  attended  by  two 
orderlies  from  the  Montgomeryshire  Yeomanry.  The  noble 
Earl  was  received  with  a  general  salute,  and  afterwards 
rode  down  the  line.  His  Lordship  then  dismounted,  and 
the  Battalion  formed  three  sides  of  a  square.  The  drums  were 
piled  in  the  centre  of  the  square,  and  the  Colours  were  brought 
up  by  two  non-commissioned  officers,  from  one  of  whom  the 
Queen's  Colour  was  taken  by  Major  Harrison,  uncased  with 
the  assistance  of  Lieut.  Pakenham,  the  senior  subaltern,  and 
placed  to  rest  on  the  drums.  The  Begimental  Colour  was 
then  taken  by  Major  Lloyd,  who,  assisted  by  Lieut.  Pryce, 
uncased  it,  and  placed  it  upon  the  drums  upon  the  opposite 
side. 

About  forty  surpliced  members  of  the  church  choir,  accom- 
panied by  the  Bev.  J.  E.  Hill,  the  Vicar,  then  walked  from  the 
adjoining  church  on  to  the  parade  ground,  and  took  up  a  posi- 
tion on  one  side  of  the  drum,  where  were  also  the  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant, the  Marquess  of  Loi^donderry,  K.P.,  and  the  Mayor  of 


220        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

Welshpool^  wearing  his  chain  of  office.  The  officers  and  non* 
commissioned  officers  occapied  the  other  side.  The  hymn, 
''Brightly  gleams  our  Banner'',  was  then  sung  by  the  choir, 
the  band  of  the  Battalion  joining  in  the  chorus.  After  the 
hymn,  the  service  for  the  consecration  of  Colours  was  read  by 
the  Vicar.  Major  Harrison  then  handed  the  Queen's  Colour 
to  Lord  Powis.  Lieut.  Pakenham  then  advanced,  dropped  on 
the  right  knee^  and  Lord  Powis  presented  to  him  the  Queen's 
Colour,  saying, ''  I  give  into  your  keeping  the  Queen's  Colour 
of  this  Eegiment.'*  The  same  ceremony  was  observed  with 
regard  to  the  Regimental  Colour,  which  was  handed  by  Major 
Lloyd  to  Lord  Powis,  who  in  turn  presented  it  to  Lieut.  Pryce. 
The  two  Lieutenants  then  rose  together. 

The  Earl  of  Powis  then  said :  — "  Colonel  Heyward, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Crewe-Read,  Officers,  Non-Commissioned 
Officers,  and  Soldiers  of  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia, — I 
have  now  had  the  honour  of  presenting  to  you  the  Colours 
which  form  part  of  your  equipment  as  members  of  the  distin- 
guished Regiment  with  which  you  are  now  linked,  the  24th 
South  Wales  Borderers.  On  referring  to  some  old  Army 
Lists,  I  find  that  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia  has  taken  a 
very  considerable  share  in  the  Militia  services  of  the  country, 
and  has  always  responded  to  every  call  that  has  been 
made  upon  it.  I  find  that  in  1789  the  regiment  was  em- 
bodied. My  great-uncle  was  then  the  colonel,  and  he  com- 
manded it  for  a  considerable  time  in  various  quarters  in  the 
South  of  England,  at  Dover,  at  Portsmouth,  at  Weymouth;  and 
while  in  command  of  the  Regiment  at  Weymouth,  he  had  the 
honour  of  giving  an  entertainment  to  King  George  III  and 
Queen  Charlotte,  in  one  of  their  summer  visits  to  that 
favourite  watering-place.  I  find  also  that  in  those  days  you 
had  been  originally  enlisted  only  for  service  in  England  and 
Wales ;  when  it  was  desired  that  the  services  of  the  English 
and  Welsh  Militia  Regiments  should' be  extended  to  Scotland 
and  Ireland,  the  Montgomeryshire  Militia  volunteered  to 
extend  their  services;  and  the  records  of  your  services  contain 
a  letter  from  Lord  Sidmouth,  the  Secretary  of  State,  thanking 
the  Regiment  for  their  services  on  behalf  of  the  King's 
Government.  The  Regiment  to  which  you  are  now  linked  is 
one  that  has  taken  part  in  all  the  greatest  campaigns.  It 
took  part  in  almost  all  the  battles  under  the  great  Duke  of 
Marlborough,  campaigns  in  which  the  British  Army  first 
assumed  its  present  state  of  what  then  used  to  be  called  a 
standing  army,  a  new  military  institution,  which  in  those  days 
was  looked  upon  with  some  apprehension,  but  which  we  now 
find  is  one  of  the  greatest  securities,  in  the  modem  state  of 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA.        221 

Europe,  for  our  civil  and  religious  liberties.  With  our  great 
possessions  in  colonies  all  over  the  globe,  we  should  cut  but  a 
sorry  figure  without  a  regular^  organised  force^  by  the  side  of 
the  great  continental  armies.  We  should  not  have  an  array 
upon  which  we  could  rely  to  assert  the  dignity  and  authority 
of  Great  Britain.  The  South  Wales  Borderers  took  part^  as  I 
have  said,  in  the  Duke  of  Marlborough's  campaigns^  in  which, 
in  spite  of  all  the  powers  of  France^  he  led  the  British  Army 
at  once  from  the  Low  Countries  to  the  Danube.  In  later 
times  you  took  part  in  the  Peninsular  War,  in  which,  after  a 
five  years'  campaign,  in  Spain  and  Portugal,  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  after  some  yarious  fluctuations  of  fortune,  re- 
leased the  Peninsula  from  the  invader.  The  Regiment  also 
took  part  in  the  first  expedition  to  Egypt  about  1804,  an 
expedition  which  circumstances  at  the  present  moment  invest 
with  more  than  ordinary  interest ;  an  expedition  in  which  the 
Navy,  under  Lord  Keith,  seconded  the  land  forces  under  Sir 
Ralph  Abercromby  as  gallantly  as,  last  year,  the  Navy  under 
Sir  Beauchamp  Seymour,  assisted  the  Army  under  Sir  Garnet 
Wolseley.  In  that  war  the  pride  of  victory  was  marred  by 
the  death  of  the  gallant  commander.  Sir  Ralph  Abercromby, 
who  fell  in  the  moment  of  victory.  The  late  campaign  in 
Egypt  has  not  been  so  marred.  1  believe  you  have  in  your 
ranks  one  who  has  fought  in  that  campaign.  The  sphere  of 
duty  of  the  Militia  is  now  somewhat  enlarged ;  your  training 
forms  a  qualification  for  officers  entering  the  line,  and  the 
Government  looks  to  your  affiliation  to  the  battalion  as  one 
great  source  of  recruiting  for  the  line,  and  providing  for  the 
Queen  and  for  her  country  the  services  of  men  thus  brought 
together,  not  as  in  continental  armies  by  forced  conscription, 
but  serving  of  their  own  free  will  as  British  Volunteers.  I 
am  sure  you  will  always  be  ready  to  respond  to  the  calls  that 
are  made  upon  you,  and  you  will  be  ready  to  assist  your 
comrades  of  the  line  in  filling  their  ranks  by  recruits  from 
this  neighbourhood,  and  if  ever  your  services  shall  be  re- 
quired in  the  defence  of  your  country,  yout  motto  will  be, 
'  Ready,  aye  ready,  for  the  field\  " 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Csew£  Read  said,  on  behalf  of  the  officers, 
non-commissioned  officers,  and  men  of  the  Battalion,  he  had  to 
tender  to  his  lordship  their  most  heartfelt  thanks  for  the  honour 
he  had  done  the  Battalion.  He  was  sure  it  was  the  determination 
of  every  man  that  those  colours  should  never  be  disgraced,  and 
he  could  vouch  for  it  that  if  the  time  came  when  it  was  neces- 
sary for  them  to  take  the  field,  that  day  would  stand  out 
boldly  in  their  minds,  and  form  an  inducement  to  them  to  do 


222        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 

their  daty.  The  Regiment  acknowledged  with  deep  gratitnde 
the  benefits  it  had  received  both  from  his  lordship  and  from 
his  ancestors.  It  might  be  of  interest  to  his  lordship  to 
know  that  the  Militia  of  that  county  was  larger  than  that  of 
any  other  county  in  proportion  to  its  population.  It  showed^ 
he  thought^  that  the  hearts  of  Welshmen  beat  in  the  right 
place,  and  that  if  ever  the  Queen  and  country  required  their 
services  they  would  never  be  backward.  He  regretted  the 
duty  had  not  fallen  to  a  more  able  tongue  than  his  to  per- 
form ;  but  they  one  and  all  tendered  his  lordship  their  deep 
and  heartfelt  thanks  for  the  honour  he  had  done  them. 

His  Lordship  then  remounted,  and  the  Battalion  having 
re-formed  line,  took  open  order.  The  Colours  then  marched  in 
slow  time  to  their  place  in  line,  being  received  with  a  general 
salute,  the  band  playing  the  National  Anthem.  The  BattaUon 
having  marched  past,  advanced  in  review  order. 

The  Earl  of  Powis  was  then  escorted  to  the  Town  Hall, 
where,  with  a  number  of  other  guests^  he  was  entertained  by 
the  officers  at  luncheon. 

The  Battalion  was  inspected  on  the  17th  and  18th  May  by 
Colonel  C.  £.  Grogan,  commanding  24th  Begimental  District 

Captain  Langlands  completed  his  term  of  service  as  Adju- 
tant on  the  20th  July. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Crewe  Read  published  the  following 
order. 

"  B.O.,  Welshpool,  20th  July. 

'*  In  consequence  of  Captain  Langlands  having  completed  his  term 
of  service  as  Adjutant  of  the  Battalion,  the  Commanding  Officer 
wishes  to  reeord  in  Orders  his  high  appreciation  of  the  way  in  which. 
Captain  Langlands  has  performed  his  duties.  Smart,  zealous,  and 
painstaking,  he  has  been  untiring  iu  his  effi)rt8  to  promote  the  welfare 
and  keep  up  the  esprit  de  corps  which  has  always  existed  in  the  Bat- 
talion. In  bidding  him  '  Farewell',  the  Commanding  Officer  feels 
sure  that  all  ranks  join  with  him  in  wishing  Captain  Langlands  every 
success  in  his  future  life.'' 

Major  A.  A.  Morshead,  Ist  Batt.  The  South  Wales  Borderers, 
was  appointed  Adjutant  of  the  Battalion  the  20th  July,  in 
succession  to  Captain  J.  S.  Langlands,  The  Oxfordshire  Light 
Infantry,  whose  period  of  service  in  the  appointment  had 
expired. 

18th  August. — ^The  permanent  staff  of  the  Battalion  was 
inspected  by  the  General  Officer  commanding  the  Western 
District  (Major-General  Sayer,  C.B.),  who  expressed  his  satis- 
faction with  all  he  saw. 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA.         223 

The  following  list  of  officers  is,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
correct.  The  dates  of  the  earlier  ones  are  generally 
the  dates  on  which  the  King's  approval  was  given.  In 
several  cases  these  have  been  proved  to  be  the  same  as 
the  actual  dates  of  commissions.  In  many  cases  it  will 
be  seen  that  it  has  been  impossible  to  find  out  the 
dates  of  death  or  resignation  of  officers. 

R  J.  Harbison,  Major, 

4th  Batt.  The  South  Wales  Borderers. 
Caerhowel,  lat  March  1884. 


224        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


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226        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


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HOYAL  MONTGOMBKY  REGIMENT  OP  MILITIA. 


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228         ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


CAPTAIN   LIEUTENANTS. 


John  EmpBon  . 
John  Goodwin  . 


First 
Appointment. 


Probably  1778 
25  Mar.   1780 


Captain 
Lieutenant. 


Before  1781 
28Aprai7d4 


Superseded  30  Dec.  1806 


LIEUTENANTS. 


Maurice  Lloyd, 
Charles  Jones  ... 

Eoger  Pryoe 

Henry  Maonde... 
John  Reynolds... 

John  Dakin  

John  Pritchard... 
Joseph  Hatton... 
James  McDonald 

John  Williams  ... 

D.  Evans    

Francis  Browne 
Henry  Elliot 

—  Werter 

Aug.  F.  Cooper... 
Thomas  Farmer 
R  Watkin  Jones 
Charles  Necraso£f 

John  Jarvis  

Edward  Edwards 

—  Barlow 

Thomas  Preston 

John  Hogg    

Samuel  Wheeley 
William  Swan  ... 
H.Maurice  Jones 
Henry  Hickman 
Bernard  Flattery 
Charles  Brown... 
W.OvertonSmith 
Humphrey  Jones 

Evans. 
Herbert    Owen 
Johnes. 


First 
Appointment. 


Doubtfnl  ... 
81)  June  1774 
25  Mar.  1778 
8  July  1778 

8  July  1778 

17  Mar.  1791 

1  March  1793 
20  Feb.  1793 

2  May  1794 

14  April  1795 

23  April  1794 
25  Mar.  1795 

28  July  1795 
Doubtful    ... 

24  May  1798 

18  April  1803 
Doubtful  ... 
18  Aug.  1801 

9  May  1808 

29  April  1805 
23  June  1804 

30  Jan.  1807 

15  May  1807 
29  Jan.  1808 

7  May  1808 
1  July  1808 
4  Aug.  1812 

16  Sept.  1812 
27AprUl8l3 

13  Dec.  1813 

14  Mar.  1831 

6  Jan.  1853 


Lieutenant. 


Doubtful 
25  Mar.  1778 
25  Mar.  1778 
25  Dec  1779 
25  Aug.  1780 
17  Mar.  1791 
23  April  1794 
23  April  1794 
2  May  1794 

14  April  1795 
7  Sept.  1796 
9  June  1798 
5  July  1798 
5  July  1798 
19  April  1799 
22  Aug.  1803 
22  Aug.  1803 

22  Aug.  1803 
25  Jan.  1805 

29  April  1805 

30  Dec.  1806 
19  Jan.  1808 
19  Jan.  1808 
16  May  18«J9 

23  April  1810 
27  April  1813 
16  July  1813 
13  Dec.  1813 

2  June  1814 
5  April  1831 
5  April  1831 

16Aprill855 


Resigned  com.  17  Sept  1766 
Resigned  com.  1  March  1793 

Resigpied  com.  5  July  1800 

Lieut,    half-pay,    late    84th 

Regt. 
Resigned  com.  9  June  1798 


Resigned  com.  25  Jan.  1805 
Appointed  to  Line  15  May  1809 
Resigned  com.  1862 


Resigned  com.  23  April  1810 


Appointed  Supg.  17  Feb.  1812 

Appointed  to  Line  13  Dec.1818 
Appointed  to  Line  2  June  1814 
Paymaster,resignedcom.  1852 
Resigned  com.  1852 
Resigned  com.  1862 

Appointed  Ensign  56th  Regt. 
26  Feb.  1856.  Present  at  tak- 
ing Nergoon  in  the  Mutiny. 
Transferred  to  7th  Hussars 
13Aug.l858.  Promot.  Lieut. 
15  June  1860.  Capt.  1  Dec 
1863.  Exch.  to  18th  Royal 
Irish  6  Feb.  1866.  Retired 
1  Aug.  1871 


ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


229 


LIEUTENANTS.— CoNTiKXjED. 


Richard  Haberley 

Sturkey. 

Sam.  Thos.  Gorrie 

AlezanderMUford 

Sutherland. 

Clement    Arthui- 

Throston. 
James    Duncan 

Thomson. 
C.Hanbury  Tracy 
Pryce    Meyrick 

Pryce. 
Edward     Stisted 

Mostyn  Pryce. 
Frank  Wollaston 

Trevor. 

Alfred  G.  Streat 

field  BeadnelL 

David  Crabbe  ... 

A  Dennis  Moly- 

neux  Purvis. 


Prank  Bibby 

Peter        Audley 

David  Arthur 

LovelL 


F.  J.PbilUpLane 

Max.  Hartmann 

^'.GraemeFnlton 

George      Arthur 

Robertson 
P.  Arthur  Derre. 

W.  Shubriok  Go- 
dolphin  Quicke. 
R.  J.  Pakenham 
A.HamiltonPryce 
Maur.  More  Lloyd 
Martin  A.  Silber 
Edw.  Sydney  St. 

Barbe  Sladen. 

Edmund  Stanley 

Stephen  Croft  ... 

RaymondSudeley 

Webber. 


First 
Appointment. 


15  Sept.  1852 

-23  Dec.  1854 
7  May  1858 


22  Sept.  1858 

8  April  1856 

8  April  1865 
4  May  1869 

4Dea  1869 

17  Deo.  1870 

17  April  1871 

14  April  1875 
I  Oct.  1875 


13  Nov.  1875 
21  Mar.  1877 


28  July  1877 

29  Jan.  1878 
2  March  1878 

14  April  1879 

18  Oct.  1879 

4  Feb.  1880 
6  Oct.  1880 

0  April  1881 
9  May  1881 

5  Nov.  1881 

29AprU1882 
29  April  1882 
22  July  1882 


Lieutenant. 


4   Aug.   1855 

3   Dea   1855 
7  May  1868 


22  Sept.  1858 
11  Oct.  1858 
8  April  1865 


8  Apr 
4  Ma: 


ij  1869 

4  Dec.  1869 

17  Dec.  1870 

17  AprU  1871 

14  April  1875 
9  Oct.  1875 


13  Nov.  1875 
21  Mar.  1877 


14  Aug.  1878 

14  Aug.  1878 
20  May  1879 

12  Sept.  1879 

23  July  1880 

8  June  1881 
1  July  1881 
1  July  1881 
1  July  1881 
5  Nov.  1881 

29  April  1882 
29  April  18  2 
22  July  1882 


Resigned  com.  March  1861 

Appd.  Ensign  2nd  W.I.  Regt. 

Resigned  com.  24  April  1868. 
Late  Lieut.  1st  Tower  Ham- 
lets Militia 

Resigned  com.  1862 

Resigned  com.  12  May  1865 

Resigned  com.  13  May  1870 
Appointed    Sub  -  Lieut.    3rd 
Dragoon  Guards  4  Dec.  1872 
Resigned  com.  3  May  1872 

Resigned  com.  26  April  1873 

Appointed    Sub- Lieut.     2nd 

W.  India  Regt.  31  Oct.  1871 

Resigned  com.  29  Jan.  1878 

Appointed  2nd  Lieut.  107th 

Regt.  11  Oct.  1879.     Trana- 

ferred  62nd  Regt.  1  Nov.  1879 

Resigned  com.  19  April  1879 

Transf.  to  Roy.  South  Lincoln 

M.ilitia  4  Dec.  1878.    Appoin. 

2nd  Lieut.  Coldstream  Gds. 

22   Feb.    1879.     Served   in 

Egyptian    campaign   1882. 

Present  at  action  of  Tel-el- 

Kebir 

Resigned  com.  11  March  1881 

Resigned  com.  28  March  1882 
Appointed    2nd   Lieut.   8 1st 

Regt.  6  Aug.  1879 
Appointed   2nd  Lieut.   66th 

Regt.  23  April  1881 
Resigned  com.  25  April  1882 

Resigned  com.  15  June  1883 


Resigned  com.  17  March  1882 


230        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILITIA. 


ENSIGNS,  2nd  LIEUTENANTS,  SUB-LIEUTENANTS,  Etc. 

The  designation  of  Junior  Subalterns  has  varied  several  times  in  the  history  of 
the  Regiment,     The  title  each  man  was  gazetted  by  is  placed  after  his  name. 


William  Mostyn 
Edward  fiarlow 
William  Nichols 
William  Williams 
John  Smallmann 
Edw.  SmaUmann 
Richard  Davies... 
John  Empson  ... 
John  Letchmere 
Thos.  Browne,  jr. 
Robert  John  Hai*- 


John  Dickens   ... 

Jukes  Jukes 

George  Bourne... 
Thomas  Impett 

David  Lloyd 

John  Humphreys 
W.  Barker  Yale 
Peter  Drummond 

--Forth    

Henry  Edwards 
Charles  Minter... 

—  Cook 

—  Fountain 

—  Cane 

RTinkeMarston 
Frederick  Grove 
John  Chapman... 
Francis  Power... 
S.  T.  Beauchamp 
Pry  ce  Harrison . . , 

—  Andrew    

Thomas  Hodson 
Richard  Harrison 


Mat.  W.  Gilder... 
James  Wilson  ... 
Edward  Beck  ... 
James  Brennan... 
Richard  Walford 
Henry  Richard... 
DevereuzEdward 
Hickman. 


Date  of 
CommiBsion. 


17  Sept.  1766 
8  July  1778 
8  July  1778 
15  Feb.  1780 
3  March  1780 
28  Nov.  1780 
28  Nov.  1780 
11  April  1782 
22  June  1786 
14  July  1787 
22  April  1789 


13  July  1789 
17  Mar.  1791 
25  Mar.  1793 
25  Mar.  1795 
25  Mar.  1795 

14  April  1795 
8  June  1795 

6  Oct.  1796 

7  Sept.  1796 

i  Dec.  1796 

2  Oct.  1797 

8  Feb.  1798 
12  Dec.  1798 

22  Aug.  1803 
4  Jan.  1804 

23  June  1804 

9  Feb.  1805 
29  April  1805 

6  Nov.  1805 
25  Feb.  1800 

14  May  1806 

15  May  1807 
20  April  1809 


15  May  1809 
17  May  1811 
17  May  181 1 
7  April  1812 
27  June  1812 
23  Nov.  1813 
20  Dec.  1813 


Rank. 


Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
lOnsign 
Ensign 


Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensigrn 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 

Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 


Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 
Ensign 

2nd  Lieut. 

2nd  Lieut. 


Late  6th  Regt. 

Resigned  com.  11  April  1782 


Died  Dec.  1792.  Late  Ensign 
52nd  Regt.  Present  at  battle 
of  Bunker's  Hill  as  a  volun- 
teer after  resignation  of  com. 
Resigned  com.  17  March  1791 
Resigned  com.  4  April  1794 


Resigned  com.  26  March  1798 
Resigned  com.  8  June  1795 
Resigned  com.  7  Aug.  1795 


Died  7  Sept.  1797 


Appointed  Lieut.  24tb  Regt. 
H.E.LC.S. 


Appointed  Lieut.  30th  Regt. 
11  Sept.  1811.  Was  present 
at  the  battle  of  Waterloo. 
Died  1820 

Died  1812 


BOYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MIUTIA. 


231 


ENSIGNS,  2nd  LIEUTENANTS,  SUB-LIEUTENANTS,  Etc. -Continued. 


Thomas  Urwick 
William  Jones ... 
Cbas.  H.  Garratt 
Richard  Corbett 
James  Tomer  ... 
John  Wm.  Lloyd 

J.  Baldwin  Hain- 
ault  Rainier. 


H.Gordon  Forbes 

Uy.  Jenner   Sco- 

beU. 

C.  St.  C.  Gordon 


Date  of 
Commiasion. 


21  Mar.  1831 
5  Jan.  1832 
5  Jan.  1832 
1  Jan.  1834 

22  Aug.  1836 
31  Jan.  1856 

30  Oct.  1852 


11  Nov.  1876 
19  May  1879 


23  April  1880 


Bank. 


2nd  Lieat 
2nd  Lieut. 
2nd  Lieut. 
2nd  Lieut 
2nd  Lieut. 
Ensign 

Ensign 


Sub- Lieut. 
2nd  Lieut. 


2nd  Lieut. 


Resigned  com.  1862 

Resigned  com.  1852. 
Appointed  Ensign  2nd  W.I. 

Regt.  Ezoh.  to  12th  Regt. 
Appointed  Ensign  St.  Helena 

Regt.  26  Dec.  1853.  Promot. 

Capt.  1  May  1859.    Ezch.  to 

5th  W.I.  Regt.  June  1862. 

Ezch.  to  14th  Regt.  16  April 

1865  (see  List  of  Captains) 
Resigned  com.  17  April  1 877 
Appointed  2nd  Lieut.  Royal 

Scots  Greys  13  Aug.  1879. 

Late  2nd  Lieut. Wore.  Militia 
Resigned  com.  8  June  1880 


ADJUTANTS. 


Samuel  Hadley.. 
Joseph  Parsons., 
John  Impett...., 


Samuel  Wood 


—  Duggan    

William  Gilder... 
Edward  Dwen  ... 

Edward    Francis 

Browne  Brooke. 

William     Jolliffe 

Twyford. 

F.  Bowyer  Bow- 
yer  Lane. 

John  Shakespear 
Langlands. 

Archer  Anderson 
Morshead. 


Date  of 
Appointment. 


25  Mar.  1763 
13  April  1773 
16  Nov.  1789 

30  April  1796 

24  May  1798 

1  July  1808 

29  June  1846 

1  April  1871 

15  Sept.  1878 

1  Oct.  1878 

31  May  1880 
20  July  1888 


Lieut.  25  March  1778 

Lieut.  16  Nov.  1789,  Brevet  Capt.  28  April 
1794     Resig.  com.  as  Adjut.  30  Apr.  1796 

Lieut.  30  April  1796.  Late  Lieut.  80th  Regt. 
Appd.  Paymaster  11th  Regt.  21  May  1798 

Ensign  24  May  1798 

Brevet  Captain  1  July  1808.     Died  1846 

Capt.  29  June  1846.  Late  43rd  Regt  Re- 
signed  com.  31  March  1871 

Capt.  1  April  1S71.  Late  Capt.  41st  Regt. 
Resigned  com.  15  Aug.  1873 

Capt.  23rd  Royal  Welsh  FusiUers  11  Aug. 
186i).  Served  in  Indian  Mutiny.  Vacat^ 
Adjutancy  30  Sept.  1878 

Capt.  53rd  Regt.  17  Nov.  1874.  Resigned 
Adjutancy  31  May  1880 

Capt  43rd  Regt.  I  Dec.  1875.  Vacated 
Adjutancy  20  July  1883 

Major  1st  Batt  South  Wales  Borderers 
25th  February  1882.  Served  in  Kaffir 
wars  1877-78.  Present  at  actions  of 
Newmake  13  Jan.  1878,  and  Quentana  7 
Feb.  1878.    Served  in  Zulu  war  1879. 


232        ROYAL  MONTGOMERY  REGIMENT  OF  MILTTIA. 


QUARTERMASTERS. 


Joseph  Parsons. . . 
Richard  Barfooxd 
John  Dovaston... 


Date  of 
Appointment. 


25  Mar.  1778 
29  Feb.  1804 
8  Jan.  1879 


Lieut  25  March  1778 


With  rank  of  Qaartermaster  in  the  Armj. 
Late  5drd  Regt.  Served  daring  the  Indian 
Rebellion  of  1867-58.59.  Present  at  the 
action  of  Roanvwah :  relief  of  Lucknow,  from  1  to  24  Not.  1857 ; 
relief  and  battle  of  Cawnpore  6  Dea  1857;  actions  of  Shurgat  10 
Dec.  1857,  and  KaUa  Nadder  2  Jan.  1858  ;  skirmish  of  Shumshabad 
28  Jan.  1858;  storming  of  Neangunge  25  Feb.  1858,  and  at  the 
siege  of  Lucknow  from  2  to  21  March,  under  command  of  Lord 
Clyde,  G.C.B. ;  the  affair  of  Couree  22  March ;  the  action  and  passage 
of  the  Gogra  25  Nov. ;  skirmish  at  Bungeran  8  Dea,  under  com- 
mand of  Major-General  Grant,  E.C.B. ;  and  at  the  action  of  Joolze- 
Dore  23  Dec.  1858,  under  Brigadier  Rowcraft ;  the  affair  at  Eumda 
Koli  5  Jan.,  and  the  attack  and  skirmish  on  the  mud  fort  of  Bungoza 
27  April  1859 


William  Lloyd ... 
Joseph  Hatton... 
William  Mason... 

William  Swan  ... 

William  Slyman 

Edwd.  Thompson 

David  Harrison. 


William  Williams 

David  Evans 

George  Dade    ... 


Henry  Elliot 

Edward  Evans.. 


MEDICAL    OFFICERS. 

SURQEONB. 

25  Mar.  1778  Ensign  25  March  1778.    Lieut.  9  Sept.  1779 

20  Feb.  1793  Ensign  20  Feb.  1793.     Lieut.  23  April  1794 

18  Aug.  1801  Ensign  18  Aug.  1801.    Resigned  com.  17 

Feb.  1801-2 

17  Feb.  1812  Ensign  7  May  1808.     Lieut.  23  April  1810 
10  Sept.  1852  Died  17  April  1869 

18  April  1869  Surgeon-Migor  1  March  1873 


SURQEONS'  MATES. 


15  Feb.  1780 
9  April  1794 
25  Jan.  1795 

25  July  1795 
22  Aug.  1803 


Ensign  15  Feb.  1780 

Ensign  9  April  1794.    Lieut.  7  Sept.  1796 

Ensign  25  Jan.  1795.     Besigned  com.  15 

July  1795 
Ensign  16  July  1796.    Lieut.  5  July  1798 
Ensign  22  Aug.  1803 


George  James  Ed- 

munds. 
T.  Verrier  Alkin 
Maurice  Lloyd  ... 


CHAPLAINS. 


8  July  1776 

About  1781 
ii  May  1791 


[All  rights^  in  respect  of  this  article^  are  reserved,] 


233 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES. 

By  RICHARD    WILLIAMS,  F.RH.S. 


(Continued  from  p.  36.) 


Crewe-Read,  Capt.  Offley  Malcolm,  R.N.,  was  the 
second  son  of  John  OfBey  Crewe-Read^  Esq.,  of  Wern, 
Flintshire,  Llandinam  Hall,  Montgomeryshire,  and 
Laverton,  Southampton  (Sheriff  of  Flintshire,  1839, 
and  of  Montgomeryshire,  1847),  and  Charlotte  Prest- 
wood,  daughter  of  Admiral  Sir  W.  T.  Lake,  K.C.B., 
etc.  This  family  traces  its  lineage  from  Thomas  de 
Crewe  of  Crewe,  temp.  Henry  III,  and  from  John 
Read  of  Roch  Castle,  Carmarthenshire,  who  settled  in 
Montgomeryshire  in  1670,  and  who  derived  his  descent 
from  Peter  de  Rupibus,  temp.  King  John.  Among  its 
distinguished  members  in  past  times  may  be  named 
Lord  Crewe,  Bishop  of  Durham ;  Sir  Randulph  Crewe 
(of  whom  there  is  a  fine  portrait  at  Plas  Dinam) ; 
Sir  Thomas  Crewe ;  both  the  latter  Speakers  of 
the  House  of  Commons  in  the  reign  of  James  I ;  and 
James  Read,  Sheriff,  1696,  and  who  also  was  Clerk  of 
the  Peace,  and  held  other  important  Court  offices. 
Several  others  of  the  Reads  were  also  Sheriffs.  Bagot 
Read  (Sheriff,  1805)  died  in  1816,  and  left  his  estates 
in  Flintshire,  Montgomeryshire,  and  in  the  city  of 
Chester  to  his  sister,  Mrs.  Thornycroft,  for  life,  and 
then  to  the  Rev.  Offley  Crewe,  his  nephew,  being  a  son 
of  Dr.  Randulph  Crewe,  by  Anne  Kead,  his  wife,  a 
sister  of  the  said  Bagot  Read,  and  his  heirs,  on  condi- 
tion that  they  should  assume  the  additional  surname 
and  arms  of  Read  in  conjunction  with  those  of  Crewe. 
This  injunction  was  complied  with  on  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  Offley  Crewe,  in  January  1836,  by  his  only  son, 


234  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

John  Offley  Crewe,  who  obtained  the  Royal  licence 
March  5th,  1836,  to  assume  the  name  and  arras  of 
Read.  Offley  Malcolm  Crewe-Read  was  born  at  Aiming- 
ton  Hall,  near  Market  Drayton,  September  13th,  1821, 
and  was  educated  by  private  tutors  and  at  the  Royal 
Naval  College.  He  entered  the  Navy  in  1835,  obtain- 
ing his  lieutenants  commission  in  1846,  and  saw  a  good 
deal  of  service  on  the  North  American,  West  Coast  of 
Africa,  and  Mediterranean  stations.  During  the  war 
with  Russia,  in  1854-5,  he  was  senior  Lieutenant  of 
H.M.S.  Hecla  in  the  expedition  to  Eckness  and  the 
attack  on  the  Hango  Forts,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded.  He  was  also  present  at  the  bombardment 
of  Bomarsund.  He  was  specially  mentioned  in  the 
Admiral's  despatch  for  his  gallantry  at  the  Hango 
Forts,  and  received  the  Baltic  Medal  and  pension  for 
wounds.  He  was  promoted  to  be  Commander  in  Sep- 
tember 1854.  After  this  he  was  for  five  years  Inspect- 
ing Commander  of  Coastguard  in  South  Wales,  and  for 
three  years  Commander  of  the  Steam  Reserve  in  the 
Medway.  He  was  in  command  of  H.M.S.  Leander, 
for  the  purpose  of  saluting  the  Princess  of  Wales  on 
her  arrival  at  the  Nore  from  Denmark  in  1863.  He 
retired  from  the  service  with  the  rank  of  Captain  in 
1870.  Having  succeeded  to  the  family  estates  on  the 
death  of  his  elder  brother,  Bagot  Crewe-Read,  in 
December  1862,  he,  a  few  months  afterwards,  took  up 
his  residence  permanently  at  Llandinam  Hall.  Cap- 
tain Crewe-Read  was  a  Deputy- Lieutenant  and  a  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  for  Montgomeryshire,  and  a  Justice  of 
the  Peace  for  Flintshire.  He  was  an  active  magistrate 
in  Montgomeryshire,  and  served  on  most  of  the  Quarter 
Sessions  Committees.  He  was  Sherijff  in  1870.  He 
wa3  also  for  several  years  chairman  of  the  Newtown 
and  Llanidloes  Union;  and  on  the  adoption  by  the 
county  of  the  Highway  Acts,  in  April  1874,  he  wa^ 
chosen  first  chairman  of  the  Newtown  and  Llanidloes 
District  Board.  He  was  a  steady  friend  to  unsectarian 
education,  and  took  a  leading  part  in  the  establishment, 


M0NTG0MERY8HIRB   WORTHIES.  235 

early  in  the  year  1871,  of  a  School  Board  for  the  parish 
of  Llandinam,  and  for  seven  years  was  its  chairman.  He 
largely  improved  his  estate,  and  contributed  to  his 
tenants'  comfort  by  planting,  draining,  and  building, 
and  his  good  taste,  with  the  able  assistance  of  Mr. 
Nesfieldjthe  eminent  architect,  enriched  the  upper  valley 
of  the  Severn  by  an  almost  perfect  example  of  modern 
domestic  architecture,  the  new  mansion  of  Plas  Dinam. 
Captain  Crewe-Read  was  an  ardent  politician,  and  the 
Liberal  party  in  Montgomeryshire  owed  much  to  his 
energy  and  skill  in  organisation.  He  had  a  leading 
hand  in  the  formation,  and  was  the  first  president  of, 
the  Montgomeryshire  Liberal  Association,  an  organisa- 
tion which  paved  the  way  for,  and  eventually,  in  1880, 
brought  about,  a  change  m  the  representation  of  Mont- 
gomeryshire. He  took  a  very  active  part  in  the 
borough  election  in  May  1877,  which  resulted  in  the 
return  of  the  Hon.  Frederick  S.  A.  Hanbury  Tracy,  in 
succession  to  his  brother,  the  present  Lord  Sudeley. 
The  following  November,  while  presiding  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Highway  Board,  at  Newtown,  he  was  seized  by 
paralysis.  As  soon  as  he  was  sufficiently  recovered  he 
was  removed  to  Southsea,  where  thenceforward  he  led 
the  life  of  an  invalid,  and  where  he  died  January  2nd, 
1884,  in  his  sixty-third  year.'  He  was  buried  at  Llan- 
dinam on  the  7th  of  the  same  month.  In  private 
lile  Capt.  Crewe-Read  enjoyed,  for  his  genuine  kind- 
ness and  goodness,  the  warm  esteem  of  those  who  knew 
him  best,  and  who  now  cherish  his  memory  with  affec- 
tionate regret.  He  married,  February  1848,  Charlotte 
Lucy,  daughter  of  Thomas  Marmaduke  George,  Esq., 
and  Anne  his  wife,  by  whom  he  had  issue  one  son, 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Offley  John  Crewe-Read.  His  arms 
were : — Quarterly,  1st  and  4th,  azure,  a  griffin  segreant, 
or ;  2nd  and  3rd,  azure,  a  lion  rampant,  arg.  Crest : 
1st,  an  eagle  displayed,  sahle ;  2nd,  out  of  a  ducal 
coronet,  or,  a  lion  s  gamb,  arg,,  charged  with  a  crescent. 
Motto,  *'  Sola  virtute  salutem." 

Evans,  William,  a  poet  in  humble  life,  was  born  in 


236  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

the  parish  of  Berriew  on  Christmas  Day,  1806.  It 
seems  he  never  resided  out  of  his  native  parish,  but 
spent  there  the  whole  of  his  life  in  hard  and  patient 
toil  as  a  poor  labourer.  About  1858  he  became  deeply 
impressed  with  religious  convictions,  and  found  pleasure 
in  embodying  his  thoughts  in  rhyme.  A  year  or  two 
afterwards  he  was  taken  ill,  and  suflFered  a  long  con- 
finement, during  which  he  composed  a  large  number  of 
hymns.  A  selection  of  these  was  published  in  1861, 
under  the  editorship  of  Miss  Humphreys  of  Berriew 
Rectory,  who,  in  a  modest  preface,  states  that  she,  "be- 
coming acquainted  with  this  Christian  man's  talent  and 
circumstances,  felt  that  the  former  was  a  gift  from  God, 
in  some  measure  to  make  up  for  his  loss  of  health,  and 
thought  if  the  hymns  were  printed  it  would  put  into 
his  hands  a  small  sum  towards  the  support  of  his 
family,  as  well  as  to  give  to  his  friends  an  interesting, 
and  it  might  be  not  unprofitable,  memento  of  one  who 
had  for  many  years  lived  amongst  them,  adorning  his 
Christian  profession  by  a  life  of  patience  in  suflfering, 
faith  in  his  Saviour,  and  becoming  behaviour  to  his 
employers  and  benefactors."  William  Evans  died 
December  24th,  1862,  in  his  fifty-sixth  year,  and  was 
buried  at  Berriew. 

Bees,  Rev.  Lewis,  of  Llanbrynmair,  an  eminent  In- 
dependent minister,  and  father  of  the  still  more  eminent 
Dr.  Abraham  Rees  (see  ante,  vol.  xvi,  p.  63),  was  a 
native  of  South  Wales.  He  was  the  son  of  Rees 
Edward  Lewis  of  Glyn  •  Llwydrew,  in  the  parish  of 
Glyncorwg,  Glamorganshire,  where  he  was  born  March 
2nd,  1710.  His  grandfather  was  a  clergyman  of  the 
Church  of  England,  and  held  the  living  of  Penderyn, 
Breconshire  ;  but  his  parents  were  Presbyterians,  and 
he  himself  joined  that  denomination  at  an  early  age. 
He  appears  to  have  received  a  fairly  good  education  for 
those  days;  and  his  piety  and  talents  attracted  the 
notice  of  several  ministers,  one  of  whom,  the  Rev. 
Edmund  Jones  of  Pontypool  (whose  name  is  still 
well  known  and  revered  in  conuectio?i  with  the  early 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  237 

history  of  Welsh  Nonconformity),  induced  him  to  accom- 
pany him  to  Llanbrynmair,  where  a  small  Independent 
church  was  in  great  need  of  pastoral  care.  Here  he 
accordingly  settled  about  the  year  1734,  and  about 
four  years  afterwards,  namely,  April  13th,  1738,  he 
was  ordained  at  Blaengwrach  (his  old  home  in  South 
Wales)  minister  of  the  church  at  Llanbrynmair.  When 
he  first  came  to  Llanbrynmair,  the  religious  state  of 
North  Wales  generally  was  most  deplorable.  There 
was  but  one  Dissenting  chapel  in  Montgomeryshire, 
that  is,  at  LlanfylHn,  but,  through  Mr.  Kees's  exer- 
tions, one  was  built  at  Llanbrynmair  in  1739.  Mr. 
Rees  threw  himself  into  his  work  with  great  zeal,  not 
confining  his  labours  to  the  neighbourhood  of  his  home, 
but  travelling  much  throughout  all  the  counties  of 
North  Wales,  often  at  great  personal  risk.  It  was  at 
his  invitation  that  the  celebrated  Howell  Harries,  one 
of  the  founders  of  Welsh  Methodism,  paid  his  first 
visit  to  North  Wales  the  beginning  of  the  year  1 739, 
and  Llanbrynmair  was  the  second  place  in  North  Wales 
where  he  preached.  In  1740,  Mr.  Rees  married  Esther, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Abraham  Penry  of  Penderyn,  Brecon- 
shire.  It  is  related  that  when  he  sought  Mr.  Penry's 
consent  to  the  union,  his  future  father-in-law  asked 
him  what  fortune  he  had,  to  which  he,  taking  up  a 
Bible,  replied,  "This  is  my  chief  fortune."  Mr.  Penry 
was  well  satisfied  with  the  reply,  and  readily  gave  his 
assent.  There  were  six  children  of  the  marriage  : 
Josiah,  Abraham,  Mary,  Isaac,  Jacob,  and  Ebenezer. 
During  his  residence  at  Llanbrynmair  Mr.  Rees  esta- 
blished several  new  churches  in  various  parts  of  Mont- 
gomeryshire and  Merionethshire ;  and  visited,  it  is  said, 
every  Dissenting  church  in  North  Wales  once  or  twice 
every  year.  He  was  on  very  friendly  terms  with  the 
Methodist  reformers,  and  gave  much  assistance  to  the 
Methodist  movement.  Being  himself  a  duly  licensed 
preacher,  he  escaped  some  of  the  persecutions  to  which 
the  Methodist  exhorters  (who  refused  to  acknowledge 
themselves  Dissenters,  and  to  apply  for  licences)  were 


238         MONTOOMBRYSHIRE  WORTHIKS. 

exposed.  In  1 745  he,  for  family  reasons,  removed  for  a 
while  to  Maesyronen,  Breconshire,  near  his  wife's  native 
place,  but  he  still  visited  Llanbrynmair  once  a  month ; 
and  in  three  years'  time,  namely  in  1748,  he  returned 
there  once  more,  and  continued  to  live  and  to  labour 
among  his  old  friends  for  eleven  years  more.  In  1759 
he  accepted  a  call  from  the  Independent  church  at 
Mynyddbach,  near  Swansea,  where  he  laboured  with 
much  success  until  the  infirmities  of  old  age  compelled 
him  to  give  up  his  charge.  The  death  of  his  wife, 
May  5th,  1794,  aged  seventy-nine  years,  after  a  happy 
union  of  fifty-four  years,  affected  him  greatly.  The 
following  year  he  resigned  his  pastorate,  and,  after  a 
short  residence  at  Swansea,  went  to  live  with  his 
married  daughter  and  son-in-law,  the  Rev.  John 
Davies,  Llansamlet,  where  he  spent  peacefully  his  re- 
maining days.  Notwithstanding  his  great  age,  he 
continued  to  preach  until  a  very  short  time  before  his 
death.  That  event  took  place  March  2l8t,  1800,  he 
having  then  just  completed  the  ninetieth  year  of  his 
age,  and  having  preached  the  Gospel  for  the  long  period 
of  seventy  years.  Mr.  Rees  was  a  sound,  practical,  and 
earnest  preacher,  very  powerful  in  prayer ;  an  excellent 
and  laborious  pastor  ;  and  his  private  life  was  pure  and 
holy.  These  qualities,  combined  with  a  handsome  and 
dignified  presence,  exercised  a  considerable  influence 
on  all  who  came  within  his  reach.  He  also  published 
the  following  works : — (1)  Rhai  Rheolau  a  Chyfar- 
ivyddiadaii  a  gynygiwyd  er  cynnyddu  CyfeilloLch  Gre- 
fyddol  ymhliih  Crist'tiogion,  yn  nghyd  a  Hymn  ar 
Dymmer  Lonydd  ("Some  Rules  and  Directions  offered 
towards  promoting  Religious  Fellowship  among  Chris- 
tians, with  a  Hymn  on  a  Quiet  Temper."  Carmarthen, 
1771).  (2)  Y  mawr  hwys  o  fod  ein  tyhiau  mewn  Cre- 
fydd  yn  gyson  a'r  Ysgryihyr,  etc.  ("The  great  import- 
ance of  our  religious  opinions  being  consonant  with 
the  Scriptures  :  a  Sermon  preached  before  an  Assembly 
of  Ministers  at  Ringwood,  July  29th,  1788.  By  the 
Rev.  David  Bogue  of  Gosport.     Translated  from  the 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES.  239 

• 

second  editioa  in  English,  and  published  for  the  benefit 
of  the  Welsh.  To  which  are  added  a  few  Hymns  on 
evangelical  subjects  by  E.  ap  James  Davies."  Car- 
marthen, 1793.)  Mr.  Rees  was  himself  a  somewhat 
strict  Calvinist,  and  it  is  said  that  the  Arian  views  of 
his  eminent  son,  Dr.  Abraham  Rees,  induced  him,  at  the 
advanced  age  of  eighty-three,  to  translate  and  publish 
this  little  book. — (His  Life^  by  the  Rev.  John  feoberts  ; 
Enwogion  y  Ffydd ;  Gwyddoniadicr ;  Enwogion  Cymini, 
etc.) 

Roberts,  Richard  (Gruffydd  Rhisiart),  was  the 
youngest  child  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Roberts  of  Llan- 
brynmair,  where  he  was  born  November  5th,  1810. 
He  was  brought  up  a  farmer,  and  had  but  few  educa- 
tional advantages  beyond  the  teaching  of  his  own 
father.  Like  many  members  of  the  same  family,  he 
showed  a  taste  for  literature  and  literary  pursuits.  He 
.wrote  a  good  deal  both  of  prose  and  verse  for  the  Cronicl, 
Dysgedyddy  and  other  magazines,  and  in  1855  he  pub- 
lished a  Welsh  novel  under  the  title  Jeffrey  Jarman^ 
y  Meddwyn  diwygiedig,  (**  Jeffrey  Jarman,  the  Reformed 
Drunkard.")  His  articles  were  always  timely  and  of  a 
practical  character.  His  style  was  lucid  and  racy,  cha- 
racterised by  point,  simplicity,  and  considerable  humour. 
There  was  nothing  he  disliked  more  than  affectation  or 
high-sounding  verbosity.  He  married,  February  3rd, 
1853,  Ann  Jones  of  Castellbach,  Rhayader,  Radnor- 
shire, by  whom  he  had  issue  one  child,  a  daughter. 
In  1856  he  and  his  family  emigrated  to  America,  and 
for  fifteen  years  lived  in  East  Tennessee,  where  he  cul- 
tivated a  large  farm.  During  the  great  Civil  War  he 
suffered  many  trials,  and  was  often  exposed  to  much 
danger,  but  through  all  he  maintained  his  usual  calm- 
ness and  cheerfulness.  He  was  an  excellent  farmer, 
and  very  ingenious  in  devising  mechanical  contrivances 
when  required.  He  was  faithful  to  the  Union  through- 
out the  war,  though  sometimes  in  danger  from  Con- 
federate soldiers  and  sympathisers.  In  1872  he  re- 
turned to  his  native  country,  and  took  up  his  residence 


240  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

with  his  two  brothers,  the  Revs.  Samuel  and  John 
Roberts,  at  Conway,  where  he  continued  to  live  up  to 
the  time  of  his  death.  In  his  latter  years  he  often 
preached  with  the  Congregationalists,  the  denomination 
to  which  he  belonged.  His  sermons  were  very  prac- 
tical and  original  in  their  style,  his  constant  aim  being 
usefulness.  He  died  July  25th,  1883,  in  the  seventy- 
third  year  of  his  age. 

WiLLiAMES,  Rice  Pryce  Buckley,  of  Pennant,  in 
the  parish  of  Berriew,  was  the  eldest  son  of  John 
Buckley  Williames,  Esq.,  of  the  same  place  (Sheriff, 
1820),  by  Catherine,  his  wife,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
Rice  Pryce,  Esq.,  of  Glyncogan.  The  Williames  family 
traced  its  descent  from  Ednyfed  Vychan,  from  the 
Pryces  of  Newtown  Hall,  and  from  the  Buckleys  of 
Dolfor.  He  was  born  in  1802,  and  educated  at  Shrews- 
bury School,  under  Dr.  Butler.  Through  the  influence 
of  the  Right  Hon.  C.  W.  W.  Wynn,  M.P.,  he  obtained  . 
a  good  appointment  in  the  office  of  the  Board  of  Control 
in  London,  which  he  held  for  many  years,  and  which  he 
eventually  gave  up  with  a  superannuation  allowance. 
A  few  years  after  he  had  gone  to  London,  Mr.  Williames 
had  a  chief  hand  in  originating  the  Cambrian  Quarterly 
Magazine,  the  first  number  of  which  appeared  in  Janu- 
ary 1829,  and  for  some  time  acted  as  its  editor.  He 
was  a  cornet  in  the  old  Montgomeryshire  Volunteer 
Corps  from  September  1819  until  it  was  disbanded  in 
1828.  Upon  the  formation  of  a  new  corps  of  Yeo- 
manry Cavalry  in  January  1831,  he  joined  it,  and 
March  16th  was  gazetted  as  Lieutenant.  He  was  subse- 
quently promoted  to  a  Captaincy,  and  May  4th,  1847,  to 
be  Major.  This  he  resigned  in  August  1859,  when  he  was 
presented  by  his  brother  officers,  on  his  retirement,  with 
a  handsome  sword  of  honour.  Major  Williames  was  a 
magistrate  for  Montgomeryshire.  He  married,  in  1 854, 
Anna  Frances  Parslow,  eldest  daughter  of  Humphrey 
Rowlands  Jones,  Esq.,  of  Garthmyl,  by  whom  he  had 
issue  one  chUd,  a  daughter,  who  predeceased  him.  He 
died  March  23rd,  1871,  and  was  buried  at  the  parish 
church  of  Bettws. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  241 

Williams,  Thomas  {Eos  Gwnfa)  was  born  at  Tyffwrn, 
in  the  parish  of  Llanfihangel.  He  was  a  >\iBaver  by 
trade,  whose  life  was  spent  in  a  long  struggle  with 
poverty  to  bring  up  a  large  family ;  but  he  wrote  a 
good  deal  of  meritorious  poetry,  chiefly  of  a  sacred 
character.  He  published  :  1.  Tdyn  Dafydd  ("Davids 
Harp"),  a  metrical  version  of  the  Book  of  Psalms  (1820); 
2.  Ychydig'  o  Ganiadau  Buddiol  ar  amryioiol  a  gwa- 
Jianol  achosion  (**A  few  useful  songs  on  various  and  dif- 
ferent occasions"),  1824;  3.  Newyddion  Gabriel,  neu 
Lyfr  Carohu  (" Gabriel's  News,  or  a  Book  of  Carols"), 
1 825.  Some  of  his  carols  are  esteemed  as  among  the 
best  in  the  Welsh  language.  His  last  published  work 
came  out  when  he  had  reached  his  seventy-seventh 
year,  and  he  died  at  a  very  advanced  age.  {Mont,  Coll., 
ix,  p.  161,  etc.) 

Williams,  William  {Gwilym  ah  lorwerth)  was  an 
excellent  poet,  although  his  life  was  spent — the  great- 
est part  of  it — in  very  humble  circumstances,  and  in 
a  hard  and  continual  struggle  with  poverty.  He  was 
born  at  a  cottage  called  Esgirgadwyth  fach,  in  the 
parish  of  Darowen,  about  the  year  1800.  His  father 
was  a  labourer  and  mole  catcher,  and  in  his  early  youth 
he  himself  assisted  him  in  that  humble  but  useful 
occupation.  He  had  but  very  little  schooling,  but 
Mr.  Pugh  of  Esgair,  Llanbrynmair,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Kichards,  Vicar  of  Darowen,  and  Miss  Richards,  inte- 
rested themselves  in  him,  and  kindly  taught  him  Welsh 
and  English  grammar,  a  little  arithmetic,  and  other 
useful  matters.  This  was  all  the  instruction  he  had, 
but  he  made  the  best  use  of  it,  and  of  the  poor  oppor- 
tunities for  self-improvement  that  fell  to  his  lot.  After 
some  years  spent  in  service  at  various  farmhouses  in 
his  native  neighbourhood,  he  went  to  Cardiganshire, 
where  he  married  a  young  woman  in  a  position  in  life 
similar  to  his  own,  and  by  whom  he  had  seven  children. 
He  had  by  constant  practice  acquired  a  fairly  good 
handwriting,  obtaining  his  ink  sometimes  by  mixing 
the  juice  of  blackberries  with  some  other  ingredients. 

VOL.  XVII.  R 


242  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

During  the  latter  years  of  his  life  he  kept  a  school  for 
some  time  at  Melinbyrhedyn,  Darowen.  From  that 
place  he  went  to  Carno  to  look  after  the  turnpike  road, 
under  the  late  Mr.  Penson,  the  surveyor.  Afterwards 
he  resided  for  some  time  at  the  Clatter  turnpike  gate 
near  Pontdolgoch,  and  subsequently  at  Llanidloes.  From 
thence  he  removed  to  Llawryglyn,  where  for  some  time 
he  kept  a  day  school.  Lastly,  he  removed  to  Rank-y- 
mynydd,  near  Dylife  Mine  Works,  in  the  parish  of 
Darowen,  where  he  died  in  the  month  of  February 
1859,  aged  fifty-eight  years.  He  was  buried  in  Dylife 
churchyard  on  the  1 2th  of  that  month.  He  wrote 
some  letters  to  the  Gwyliedydd  which  attracted  atten- 
tion, on  the  right  of  the  clergy  to  the  tithes,  and  in 
defence  of  Archbishop  Prys's  version  of  the  Psalms  ; 
also  elegies  on  the  Rev.  T.  Richards,  Darowen,  Miss 
Richards,  and  others,  and  many  excellent  Englynion. 

My  friend,  Nicholas  Bennett,  Esq.,  has  also  a  MS. 
collection  of  his  poetry,  which,  by  his  kindness,  I  have 
been  enabled  to  peruse.  Among  the  longer  pieces  are 
three  awdlau  on  Y  Diluw  (^'ThQ  Deluge");  Pladur 
Aipht  ('*The  Plagues  of  Egypt") ;  and  Heddwch{Fe3iXie) 
— really  masterly  compositions,  displaying  a  refinement 
of  taste,  a  choiceness  of  expression,  and  a  cultivation  of 
the  poetic  faculty  very  far  indeed  beyond  what  might 
be  looked  for  in  far  higher  walks  of  life  than  the 
humble  one  in  which  it  pleased  Providence  to  place  the 
subject  of  this  brief  notice.  On  one  occasion  he  but 
narrowly  missed  the  Chair  prize  at  an  important 
Eisteddfod — his  composition  being  adjudged  the  second 
place  in  the  competition. 

Williams,  William  {Gwilym  Cyfeiliog\  was  born 
at  Winllan,  in  the  parish  of  Llanbrynmair,  on  the  4th 
of  January  1801,  and  was  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  ten 
children.  His  father,  Richard  Williams,  was  a  flannel 
manufacturer  and  farmer ;  his  mother,  Mary  Williams, 
was  a  sister  of  the  Rev.  John  Roberts  of  Llanbrynmair, 
the  well-known  Independent  minister.  His  brother, 
Richard,  became  a  popular  Calvinistic  Methodist  minis- 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  243 

ter  at  Liverpool,  and  the  author  of  several  works.  At 
an  early  age  he  was  placed  in  school  with  his  uncle, 
the  Rev.  John  Roberts,  and  subsequently  with  Mr. 
William  Owen,  at  Welshpool,  an  excellent  poet  and 
musician,  from  whom,  it  is  probable,  he  imbibed  that 
fondness  and  taste  for  poetry  which  distinguished  him 
in  after  life.  After  leaving  school  he  pursued  his 
studies  with  great  diligence,  making  the  most  of  every 
minute  of  leisure  time.  After  working  all  day  with  his 
father  and  the  servants  on  the  farm  at  Weeg,  where  he 
then  lived,  he  would  in  the  evening  shut  himself  up  for 
hours  with  his  books.  These,  though  few  in  number, 
he  thoroughly  mastered,  and  his  very  retentive  memory 
enabled  him  to  treasure  up  in  his  mind  their  contents. 
He  committed  to  memory  the  four  Gospels,  a  large 
number  of  the  Psalms,  and  an  immense  amount  of 
poetry.  Of  English  poets  he  was,  like  John  Bright,  a 
great  admirer  of  Young.  He  was  an  excellent  grammar- 
ian, and  his  natural  aptitude  for  arithmetic  and  mathe- 
matics was  such  that  probably,  with  greater  advantages, 
he  would  have  attained  some  eminence  in  those 
branches.  He  throughly  mastered  the  somewhat  diffi- 
cult and  complicated  rules  of  Welsh  prosody;  and  when 
he  was  about  twenty  years  of  age,  began  to  compose  on 
the  Welsh  metres.  He  was  a  frequent  poetical  contri- 
butor to  the  Golefiiad  Cymru^  Seven  Gomer^  Y  Drysorfa^ 
and  other  magazines  of  those  days.  One  of  his  earliest 
productions  was  an  Awdl  ar  sefydliad  Coleg  Dewi 
Sunt  ("An  Ode  on  the  establishment  of  St.  Davids 
College"),  which  gained  the  second  prize  at  the  Car- 
marthen Eisteddfod  in  September  1823 — the  chief 
prize  being  awarded  to  the  Rev.  Daniel  Evans  {Daniel 
Ddu).  He  also  competed  at  the  Welshpool  Eisteddfod 
the  following  year,  on  an  ode,  subject:  '^ Goresgyniad 
YnysFon  gan  Suetonius  Paulinus  (''The  SuVyugation  of 
the  Isle  of  Anglesey  by  Suetonius  Paulinus"),  but  the 
prize  was  awarded  to  Mr.  W.  E.  Jones  {Cawrdaf). 
His  ode  was,  however,  judged  to  be  of  sufficient  merit 
to  entitle  it  to  be  printed  with  the  prize  compositions. 

R  2 


244  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

His  poetical  efforts  attracted  the  notice,  and  secured  for 
him  the  friendship,  of  the  Revs.  Walter  Davies,  J. 
Jenkins  of  Kerry,  David  Richards,  Evan  Evans  {leuan 
Glan  Geiiionydd),  J.  Blackwell,  and  others  of  the 
principal  Welsh  literary  characters  of  those  days ;  and 
for  some  years  he  regularly  attended  and  competed  at 
Eisteddfodau.  In  the  winter  of  1825  he  paid  a  visit  to 
London — the  only  one  in  his  lifetime — and  there  com- 
posed an  Awdl  ar  yr  olygfa  o  hen  Clochdy  St  Paid 
("An  Ode  on  the  view  from  the  top  of  St.  Paul's"). 
He  won  the  prize  at  the  Llanfair  Caereinion  Eisteddfod, 
1st  March  1826,  for  Englynion  iW  Wybren  Serenog 
("  Stanzas  to  the  Starry  Heavens").  For  some  reason  or 
other  we  do  not  find  that  he  ever  had  much  to  do  with 
Eisteddfodau  after  this  time,  and  he  appears  to  have 
become  disgusted  with  some  things  connected  with 
their  management.  But  he  still  continued,  as  long  aa 
he  lived,  to  encourage  and  help,  both  as  adjudicator  and 
by  competing  himself,  competitive  literary  meetings  in 
his  native  county.  He  was  generally  considered  one 
of  the  best  Englynwyr — or  composers  of  stanzas  on  the 
peculiar  alliterative  Welsh  metres — of  his  day.  It 
cannot  be  said  that  he^  was  equally  successful  with 
ordinary  or  "free"  metres,  though  some  of  his  com- 
positions in  this  line  are  deservedly  much  admired. 
His  hymn  on  Yr  lawn  ("  The  Atonement")  is  well 
known  and  often  sung.  It  has  also  been  translated 
into  Khassee,  one  of  the  languages  of  North-Eastern 
Bengal, where  the  natives  often  sing  itwith  much  unction. 
Many  others  of  his  hymns  and  temperance  verses  are 
very  well  known.  /^  fter  his  death  his  poetical  works 
were,  in  1878,  published  in  a  collected  form  under  the 
title  Caniadaii  Ciifeiliog.  Mr.  Williams  lived  most  of 
his  life  on  a  small  freehold  property  of  his  own  at  Bont- 
dolgadfan,  Llanbrynmair,  where,  for  forty  years  and 
upwards,  he  carried  on  a  small  manufacturing  business 
and  a  shop.  He  was  thrice  married :  fii-st,  to  Anne, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Morris  Evans,  of  Minffordd,  Llanbryn- 
mair, by  whom  he  had  one  daughter,  still  surviving  ; 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  245 

secondly,  to  Mary,  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard  Morris,  of 
DoJgwyddyl,  Trefeglwys,  by  whom  he  had  two  sons  and 
a  daughter,  who  still  surv  ive ;  and,  thirdly,  to  Mary, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Evan  Evans, of  Tynllwyn,Llanbrynmair, 
by  whom  he  had  two  sons  and  four  daughters,  of  whom 
one  son  and  three  daughters  survive.  The  writer  of  this 
notice,  being  one  of  his  surviving  sons,  feels  that  it  is 
not  for  him  to  dwell  upon  his  many  excellent  qualities 
in  private  life  as  a  man  and  a  Christian,  in  the  various 
capacities  of  husband,  father,  friend,  neighbour,  and 
citizen.  He  died,  after  a  few  hours'  illness,  on  Saturday, 
the  3rd  June  1876,  and  was  buried  the  following 
Thursday  at  the  parish  church  of  Llanbrynmair.  The 
immense  concourse  of  persons,  from  far  and  near,  who 
followed  him  to  the  grave,  testified  to  the  great  respect 
in  which  he  was  held  by  all  who  knew  him. 

Wii^ON,  Richard,  the  great  landscape  painter, 
and  one  of  the  most  illustrious  of  Montgomeryshire 
worthies,  waa  born  at  Penegoes,  in  the  year  1713. 
He  was  the  third  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Wilson,  rector 
of  that  parish,  by  Alice  his  wife.  His  fathers  family 
appear  to  have  been  connected  with  Trefeglwys  parish 
for  some  generations  previously.  **  Ricus  Wilson  de 
Bodayoch  gen.*'  appears  on  the  grand  jury  list  in  the 
Uth'Charles  II  (1662) ;  and  the  Rev.  Hugh  Wilson, 
probably  the  father  of  the  Rev.  John  Wilson,  was 
vicar  of  Trefeglwys  in  1677.  His  mother  was  a  Flint- 
shire lady,  being  of  the  family  of  Wynne  of  Leeswood. 
They  had  six  sons  and  a  daughter,  all  of  whom  died 
unmarried.  The  eldest  son,  John,  became  Collector  of 
Excise,  and  was  buried  at  Mold  28th  January  1785, 
aged  seventy-five.  The  second  was  a  clergyman,  who 
obtained  good  preferment  in  Ireland.  The  third,  as 
previously  stated,  was  the  painter.  The  fourth  was  a 
tobacconist  at  Holywell,  who  afterwards  emigrated  to 
Pennsylvania,  where  he  died.  The  youngest,  Peter,  when 
a  little  boy  four  years  of  age,  was  accidentally  killed 
at  Mold,  whilst  playing,  and  was  buried  there.  The 
daughter  became  an   attendant  on   Lady   Sandown,  a 


246  MONTGOMKRYSHIRE  WORTHIES. 

Lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to  Queen  Caroline.  The  Rev. 
John  Wilson,  the  painters  father,  died  August  31st, 
1728,  at  Penegoes,  and  was  buried  at  Trefeglwys 
September  the  4th,  in  the  same  year.  His  mother  was 
interred  at  Mold,  July  the  5th,  1765,  aged  eighty-one 
years. 

Richard  received  a  good  classical  education,  and 
gave  very  early  indication  of  the  natural  bias  of  his 
mind,  for  with  a  burnt  stick  he  covered  the  walls  of  his 
father's  house,  and  the  stone  fences  of  the  field,  with 
rude  figures  in  outline.  His  sketches  attracted  the 
notice  of  his  relative.  Sir  George  Wynn,  who  persuaded 
his  father  to  place  him  under  proper  instruction. 
Accordingly,  young  Wilson  proceeded  to  London  with 
Sir  George  in  1 728  (probably  after  his  father's  death), 
and  was  apprenticed  to  a  portrait  painter  named 
Wright,  whom,  however,  he  soon  outstripped.  Dr. 
Abraham  Rees  tells  us  that  "after  a  lapse  of  six  years  he 
commenced  professor  under  the  patronage  of  Dr.  Hayter, 
Bishop  of  Norwich ;  he  soon  afterwards  had  the  honour  to 
paint  the  portraits  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  and  the  Duke 
of  York,  both  then  under  the  tuition  of  the  Bishop.  He 
continued  to  practise  portrait-painting  some  time  in 
London,  but  with  no  great  success  ;  and  at  length  went 
to  Italy  to  cultivate  his  taste.  Even  there  he  continued 
to  practise  it,  still  unacquainted  with  the  genuine  bias 
of  his  genius,  although  occasionally  exercising  his 
talents,  and  employing  his  time  in  studies  of  landscape. 
At  Venice,  Wilson  painted  the  portrait  of  Mr.  Lock,  of 
Norbury  Park,  one  of  the  most  creditable  of  his  per- 
formances in  that  branch  of  his  art ;  and  it  was  there 
that  accident  opened  his  eyes  to  his  own  peculiar 
qualifications,  and  led  him  into  that  path,  by  pursuing 
which  he  obtained  a  name  among  the  worthiest  in  art," 
He  was  at  this  time  about  thirty-five  years  old.  The 
"accident"  referred  to  was  the  following  circumstance. 
Having  waited  one  morning,  till  he  grew  weary,  for  the 
coming  of  Zucarelli  the  artist,  he  painted,  to  beguile 
the  time,  a  scene  upon  which  the  window  of  his  friend 


MONTGOMERYSHIKE   WORTHIES.  247 

looked,  with  so  much  grace  and  effect  that  Zucarelli 
was  astonished,  and  inquired  if  he  had  studied  land- 
scape. Wilson  replied  that  he  had  not.  "  Then  I  advise 
you/'  said  the  other,  "  to  try  ;  for  you  are  sure  of  great 
success."  The  counsel  of  one  friend  was  confirmed  by 
the  opinion  of  another — Vernet,  a  French  painter  of 
high  reputation.  One  day,  while  sitting  in  Wilson's 
studio,  he  was  so  struck  with  the  peculiar  beauty  of  a 
newly  finished  landscape,  that  he  desired  to  become  its 
proprietor,  and  offered  in  exchange  one  of  his  best  pic- 
tures. The  offer  was  gratefully  accepted,  and  Vernet 
placed  his  friend's  picture  in  his  exhibition-room  ;  and, 
when  his  own  productions  happened  to  be  praised  or 
purchased  by  English  travellers,  the  generous  French- 
man used  to  say,  ''Don't  talk  of  njy  landscapes  alone, 
when  your  own  countryman,  Wilson,  pstints  so  beauti- 
fully." Thus  Wilson  was  induced  to  relinquish  portrait 
painting,  and  devote  himself  thenceforth  to  landscape 
painting.  His  reputation  grew  so  fast  that  he  soon 
obtained  several  pupils ;  and  his  works  were  so  highly 
esteemed  that  Mengs,  out  of  regard  for  his  genius, 
painted  his  portrait,  for  which  Wilson  in  return  painted 
a  landscape.  After  remaining  abroad  about  six  years, 
he,  in  1755,  returned  to  England,  and  took  up  his  resi- 
dence in  London.  His  fame  had  preceded  his  arrival, 
and  his  elegantly  furnished  apartments  in  the  Piazza, 
Covent  Garden,^  were  the  resort  of  the  leading  men  of 
the  day.  He  dressed,  also,  in  a  style  corresponding 
with  the  expensiveness  of  his  furniture,  his  favourite 
suit  being  green,  braided  with  gold  lace,  in  addition  to 
which  he  wore  a  portentous  wig,  with  a  club  tail  and  a 
three-cocked  hat.  His  tall,  muscular  frame,  thus  em- 
bellished, gave  him  a  commanding  appearance.  He 
several  times  changed  his  residence.     He  lived  at  one 

*  According  to  Cunningham,  these  were  the  apartments  "  wherein 
Lely,  Kneller,  and  Thornhill  had  lived  and  laboured".  Smith  {Life 
of  NolUhens^  ii,  p.  215)  describes  them  as  the  front  apartments  of 
what  were  formerly  ''Robins's  Auction  Rooms",  but  used  in  1850  as 
breakfast  rooms  by  the  proprietor  of  the  Tavistock  Hotel. 


248  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

time  in  Charlotte  Street,  Fitzroy  Square ;  then  in  Great 
Queen  Street,  Lincohi's  Inn  Fields ;  in  Marylebone ; 
the  corner  of  Foley  Place,  Great  Portland  Street ; 
No.  24,  Norton  Street,  Portland  Row,  in  1777-8  ;  in 
1779  he  lived  at  No.  85,  Great  Titchfield  Street,  and 
the  following  year  "  at  a  mean  house"  in  Tottenham 
Street,  Tottenham  Court  Road,  in  which  he  occu- 
pied the  first  and  second  floors  almost  without  furni- 
ture. This  was  his  last  abode  in  London.  To  the  first 
Exhibition  of  1760  Wilson  sent  his  celebrated  picture 
of  ''Niobe'';  and  in  1765  he  exhibited,  with  other  pic- 
tures, a  "View  of  Rome",  which  was  much  admired. 
At  the  institution  of  the  Royal  Academy,  Wilson  was 
chosen  one  of  the  foundera.  During  his  residence  in 
London  he  painted  a  large  number  of  very  fine  pic- 
tures— Wright,  his  biographer,  furnishes  a  list  of  11.9, 
of  which  nineteen  were  destroyed  in  the  great  fire  at 
Bel  voir  Castle,  October  26,  1816,  He,  however,  met 
with  but  little  success  in  their  sale,  and  many  of  them 
were  offered  to  brokers  and  dealers  for  as  many  pounds 
as  they  would  now  bring  hundreds.  He  was  doomed, 
in  fact,  to  encounter  the  galling  indifference  of  a  taste- 
less public  and  the  wretched  intrigues  of  jealous  rivals ; 
and  even  the  great  Sir  Joshua  himself  entertained  feel- 
ings anything  but  friendly  towards  him,  which  he  took 
no  trouble  to  conceal.  As  has  been  well  observed,  **  The 
name  of  this  extraordinary  man  is  a  reproach  to  the 
age  in  which  he  lived  ;  the  most  accomplished  land- 
scape painter  this  country  ever  produced,  uniting  the 
co^i  position  of  Claude  with  the  execution  of  Poussin  ; 
avoiding  the  minuteness  of  the  one  and  rivalling  the 
spirit  of  the  other.  With  powers  which  ought  to  have 
raised  him  to  the  highest  fame,  and  recommended  him 
to  the  most  prosperous  fortune,  Wilson  was  suffered  to 
live  embarrassed,  and  to  die  poor.  Conscious  of  his 
claims,  however,  he  bore  the  neglect  he  experienced 
with  firmness  and  dignity ;  and  though  he  had  the 
mortification  to  see  very  inferior  talents  preferred  in 
the  estimation  of  the  public,  yet  he  was  never  seduced 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  249 

to  depart  from  his  own  style  of  painting,  or  to  adopt 
the  more  fashionable  and  imposing  qualities  of  art, 
which  his  superior  judgment  taught  him  to  condemn, 
and  which  the  example  of  his  works  ought  to  have 
exposed  and  suppressed."  Possibly,  a  certain  abrupt- 
ness of  manner  and  want  of  conciliatoriness  may  have 
had  something  to  do  with  his  want  of  success.  Cun- 
ningham says  oiF  him  that  he  "  loved  truth  and  detested 
flattery;  he  would  endure  a  joke,  but  not  contradiction. 
He  was  deficient  in  courtesy  of  speech,  in  those  candied 
civilities  which  go  for  little  with  men  of  sense,  but 
which  have  their  effect  among  the  shallow  and  the 
vain.  His  conversation  abounded  with  information  and 
humour;  and  his  manners,  which  were  at  first  repulsive, 
gradually  smoothed  down  as  he  grew  animated.  Those 
who  enjoyed  the  pleasure  of  his  friendship,  agree  in 
pronouncing  him  a  man  of  strong  sense,  intelligence, 
and  refinement As  the  fortune  of  Wilson  de- 
clined, his  temper  became  touched ;  he  grew  peevish, 
and  in  conversation  his  language  assumed  a  tone  of 
sharpness  and  acidity  which  ill-accorded  with  his  warm 

and  benevolent  heart He  was  abstemious  at 

his  meals,  rarely  touching  wine  or  ardent  spirits ;  his 
favourite  beverage  was  a  pot  of  porter  and  a  toast ; 
and  he  would  accept  them  when  he  refused  all  other 
things."  Many  anecdotes  are  related  of  the  straits  to 
which  he  was  driven  by  poverty.  His  fine  picture  of 
"  Ceyx  and  Alcyone"  was  painted,  it  is  said,  for  (others 
sB,yfrom)  a  pot  of  porter  and  the  remains  of  a  Stilton 
cheese.  Poverty  caused  him,  on  the  death  of  Hay  man,  to 
solicit  the  oflBce  of  librarian  of  the  Royal  Academy,  that 
Academy  of  which  he  was  so  bright  an  ornament.  This 
post,  the  whole  emoluments  of  which  amounted  only 
to  about  fifty  pounds  a  year,  he  obtained,  and  retained 
until  his  retirement  into  Wales.  Small  as  the  income 
was,  it  helped  to  keep  him  from  positive  starvation. 
He  seems  to  have  had  a  clear  and  confident  presenti- 
ment that  posterity  would  do  him  justice,  and  often 
told  Sir  William  Beechey,  his  intimate  friend,  that  he 


250  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

would  live  to  see  great  prices  given  for  his  pictures, 
when  those  of  Barrett,  which  were  then  in  high  esteem, 
would  not  fetch  one  farthing — a  prophecy  which  has 
been  amply  verified.  He  had  long  quitted  his  elegant 
lodgings,  and  disposed  of  his  furniture,  to  the  last  chair, 
to  buy  necessary  food,  of  which  he  was  often  in  want. 
At  this  time  distress  often  compelled  him  to  sell  his 
drawings  at  half  a  crown  apiece,  and  his  residence  was 
known  only  to  a  few  His  last  abode  in  London,  as 
already  stated,  was  in  Tottenham  Street,  where  an 
easel,  a  brush,  a  chair,  and  a  table,  a  hard  bed  with  a 
few  clothes,  a  scanty  meal,  and  the  favourite  pot  of 
porter,  were  all  that  he  could  call  his  own — a  lasting 
disgrace  to  an  age  which  lavished  its  tens  of  thousands 
on  mountebanks,  dancers,  and  Italian  opera  singers.  A 
correspondence  between  Wilson  and  a  relative,  Mrs. 
Catherine  Jones  of  Colomendy,  Llanverres,  near  Mold, 
resulted  in  an  arrangement  that  the  infirm  artist  should 
go  down  to  her  residence  to  recruit  his  health,  and  he 
turned  his  back  on  London  for  ever.  A  few  shillings 
purchased  all  the  implements  and  relics  of  his  art  and 
property.  This  was  probably  in  1781,  though  the 
exact  time  is  not  recorded  by  his  biographers.  Moun- 
tain air  and  the  attention  of  kind  friends  could  do 
little  towards  curing  the  broken  heart  of  Wilson  ;  his 
strength  was  gone,  yet  he  crawled  about,  viewing  with 
silent  gratification  and  enjoyment  the  beauties  of  his 
native  country.  He  rapidly  sank,  his  steps  became 
more  and  more  feeble,  and  his  emaciated  frame  con- 
vinced his  friends  that  the  end  was  not  far  distant. 
One  evening,  having  partaken  of  a  little  food,  he  had 
with  extreme  difficulty  tottered  as  far  as  a  wood,  where 
at  his  request  a  rustic  seat  had  been  placed.  It  was  in 
the  month  of  May  1782,  and  he  had  gone  out  to 
observe  the  beautiful  tuits  of  the  evening  sky — that 
sky  in  the  delineation  of  which  he  had  never  been 
excelled— when  it  pleased  Providence  suddenly  to 
stretch  him  helpless  on  the  ground,  and  to  withdraw 
from  him  the  power  of  contemplation.     How  long  he 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  W0RTHIE8.  251 

remained  io  so  pitiable  a  state  cannot  be  known,  but  a 
dog  which  had  followed  him  returned  alone.  This 
caused  his  friends  to  be  alarmed^  and  to  proceed  in 
search  of  him,  when  he  was  found  as  described.  He 
rallied  a  little,  but  in  a  few  days  expired,  in  the  sixty- 
ninth  year  of  his  age.  He  was  buried  in  Mold  church- 
yard, at  the  back  of  the  church,  close  to  the  path, 
where  a  tomb  has  been  erected  over  his  grave,  with 
the  following  inscription  : — 

"The  Reniains  of  Richd.  Wilson,  Esq.,  Member  of  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Artists,  Interred  May  15th,  1782  ;  Aged  69. 

"  0  foreu'i  yrfa  eirian,—  rho*i  oleu 
Ei  athrylith  allan, 
Darluniai  dilynai  'n  Ian 
Tr  linell  ar  ol  anian. 

"  Yn  Haw  ei  oes  bu  yn  ilesol, — dyg  iddi 
Deg  addysg  gelfyddol ; 
A'i  gywir  waith  geir  o*i  61, 
A  syuna'r  oes  bresennol." 

(Wright's  Life  of  Richard  Wilson,  R.A.;  Cam.  Quar. 
Mag.,  iii,  p.  161;  Williams'  Em.  Welshmen;  Mont. 
Coll.,  vi,  p.  305  ;  and  vii,  p.  223,  etc.) 

WoRTHiNGTON,  Kev.  WiLLiAM,  D.D.,  an  eminent 
divine  and  author  of  numerous  works,  was  the  son  of 
Thomas  Worthington  of  Park,  in  the  pariah  of  Llan- 
wnog,  where  he  was  bom  in  the  year  1 703.  His  bap- 
tismal entry  in  the  parish  register  is  dated  April  4th, 
1 704.  Canon  Williams,  in  his  Biographical  Dictionary 
of  Eminent  Welshmen,  Dr.  Hook,  and  other  biogra- 
phers, have  erroneously  stated  Merionethshire  to  have 
been  the  county  of  his  birth.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Oswestry  Grammar  School,  and  on  the  9th  May  1722 
entered  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  describing  himself  in 
the  college  and  university  books  as  *'  the  son  of  Thomas 
Worthington  of  Aberhavesp,  in  Montgomeryshire". 
His  industry,  talents,  and  scholastic  attainments  soon 
brought  him  into  notice.  After  leaving  college,  he 
became,  for  a  short  time,  an  usher  or  tutor  at  the 
Oswestry   Grammar   School.       In    1727   he   took   the 


252  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

degree  of  M.A.  at  Cambridge,  and  was  afterwards 
incorporated  at  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  July  3rd,  1758, 
and  proceeded  BD.  and  D.D.  July  lOth  the  same  year. 
His  high  abilities  as  a  scholar  attracted  the  notice  of 
Bishop  Hare  of  St.  Asaph,  who,  in  1729,  gave  him  the 
vicarage  of  Llijinyblodwel.  In  1737  he  obtained  the 
sinecure  rectory  of  Darowen,  and  in  1745  the  vicarage 
of  Llanrhaiadr  yn  Mochnant.  A  canonry  of  St.  Asaph 
was  also  conferred  upon  him  in  1 73 1 .  He  exchanged 
Darowen  for  the  sinecure  rectory  of  Hope  in  1751,  and 
that  again  for  the  rectory  of  Llanfor,  near  Bala,  in  1774. 
He  was  made  a  prebendary  of  St.  Asaph  in  1 773  ;  and 
when  Bishop  Drummond,  to  whom  he  had  been  chap- 
lain for  several  years,  was  translated  to  the  see  of 
York,  he  presented  Dr.  Worthington  to  a  prebendai 
stall  in  that  cathedral.  His  learning  and  high  position 
caused  him  to  be  selected  as  Boyle  Lecturer  for  three 
years,  namely,  1766,  1767,  and  1768.  He  was  emi- 
nently charitable,  and  led  a  pure  and  blameless  life  in 
a  profligate  and  corrupt  age.  He  promoted  energetic- 
ally many  public  improvements  in  the  parish  of  Llan- 
rhaiadr, where  he  chiefly  resided  for  about  thirty -three 
years.  Dr.  Worthington  was  a  prolific  theological 
writer,  the  following  being  a  list  of  his  works  : — 

1.  "4n  Essay  on  the  Scheme  and  Conduct^  Procedure  and 
Extent  of  Man's  Redernptio7i;  designed  for  the  honour  and 
illustration  of  Christianity.  To  which  is  annexed  a  Disserta- 
tion on  the  design  and  argumentation  of  the  Book  of  Job" 
(1743).     Of  this  a  second  edition  was  afterwards  published. 

2.  '^  The  Historical  Sense  of  the  Mosaic  Account  of  the  Fall 
proved  and  mndicated." 

3.  "  Instructions  conceiving  OonfirmationJ' 

4.  '^  A  Disquisition  concerning  the  Lord's  Supper*' 

5.  "  The  Use,  Value,  and  Improvements  of  Various  Readings^ 
shewn  and  illustrated  in  a  sermon  preached  before  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford  at  St.  Mary's,  on  Sunday,  October  18,  1761/' 

6.  "A  Sermon  preached  in  the  parish  church  of  Christchurch, 
London,  on  Thursday,  April  21,  1768;  being  the  time  of  the 
yearly  meeting  of  the  children  educated  in  the  charity  schools 
in  and  about  the  cities  of  London  and  Westminster^'  (1768). 

7.  "  The  Evidences  of  Christian  if y,  deduced  from  facts  and 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES.         253 

tlie  testimony  of  Sense,  throughout  all  ages  of  the  Church  to 
the  present  time.  In  a  series  of  Discourses  preached  for  the 
lecture  founded  by  the  Hon.  Robert  Boyle,  Esq.,  in  the  parish 
church  of  St.  James,  Westminster,  in  the  years  1766,  1767, 
1768;  wherein  is  shewn  that,  upon  the  whole,  this  is  not  a 
decaying  but  a  growing  evidence"  (1769,  2  vols.). 

8.  "  The  Scripture  Theory  of  the  Earth,  throughout  all  its 
revolutions,  and  all  the  periods  of  its  existence,  from  the 
creation  to  the  final  renovation  of  all  things ;  being  a  sequel  to 
the  Essay  on  Redemption,  and  an  illustration  of  the  principles 
on  which  it  is  written"  (1773). 

9.  *'  Irenicvm;  or  the  importance  of  unity  in  the  Church  of 
Christ  considered  and  applied  towards  the  healing  of  our 
unhappy  difierences  and  divisions''  (1775). 

10.  "  An  Impartial  Enquiry  into  the  case  of  the  Gospel  De- 
moniacs ;  with  an  appendix  consisting  of  an  Essay  on  Scrip- 
ture Demonology"  (1777). 

This  was  a  vigorous  attack  on  the  opinion  set  forth  by 
Mr.  Hugh  Farmer,  a  dissenting  divine,  in  his  Essay  on 
the  Demoniacs  (1775),  and  produced  a  spirited  reply  in 
1778,  to  which  Dr.  Worthijigton  prepared  a  rejoinder, 
published,  by  the  express  directions  of  his  will,  after 
his  death,  under  the  title  of  ''A  Farther  Enquiry  into 
the  Case  of  the  Gospel  Demoniacs,  occasioned  by  Mr. 
Farmers  on  the  subject"  (1779).  It  appears  also  that 
Dr.  Worthington  was  one  of  three  (Dr.  Henry  Owen 
and  the  Rev.  John  Evans  being  the  other  two)  ap- 
pointed as  a  committee  to  collate  and  settle  the  or- 
thography of  the  Welsh  edition  of  the  Holy  Scriptures, 
published  by  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society  in  17(;9. 
Dr.  Worthington  received,  perhaps,  a  larger  share  of 
preferment  than  any  other  Welsh  clergyman  of  his 
day;  but  his  eloquence,  his  extensive  intellectual  at- 
tainments, and  his  exemplary  Christian  life,  eminently 
fitted  him  for  a  still  hij^her  sphere.  It  is  probable 
that  political  considerations  prevented  his  being  raised 
to  the  episcopal  bench — a  position  which  his  great 
gifts,  as  well  as  his  intimate  knowledge  of  the  Welsh 
language,  peculiarly  fitted  him  to  occupy,  to  the  great 
advantage  of  the  Church.  He  was  simple  and  abste- 
mious in  his  habits,  but  very  hospitable  ;  and  his  social 


254  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

qualities  caused  his  society  to  be  much  sought.  He 
was  visited  at  Llanrhaiadr  by  Dr.  Johnson,  Sir  R.  C. 
Hoare,  Pennant,  and  other  eminent  literary  men,  who 
highly  appreciated  his  society.  He  interested  himself 
much  in  a  scheme  for  connecting  the  counties  of  Merio- 
neth and  Carnarvon  by  means  of  an  embankment  across 
the  estuary  of  Traethmawr,  and  obtained  promises  of 
subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  £29,000  towards  it,  but 
owing  to  the  opposition  and  selfish  conduct  of  some  of 
the  landowners,  it  had  to  be  abandoned.  Dr.  Wor- 
thington  was  never  married.  An  orphan  niece,  Isa- 
bella Kendrick,  whom  he  carefully  eaucated,  resided 
with  him  for  many  years,  but,  owing  to  some  unhappy 
differences,  she  left  him,  and  subsequently,  during  a 
visit  to  London,  became  a  Wesleyan  Methodist,  and 
married  Dr.  Alexander  Mather,  the  friend  of  Wesley. 
She  was  a  woman  of  superior  abilities,  and  Dr.  Wor- 
thington  left  her  a  handsome  legacy.  He  also  be- 
queathed legacies  to  the  Christian  Knowledge  Society 
(of  which  he  was  a  zealous  friend)  and  to  other  Church 
societies  and  charities.  He  died,  greatly  lamented,  at 
Llanrhaiadr,  of  a  fever,  on  the  6th  of  October  1778, 
aged  74,  and  was  buried  there  on  the  lOth  of  the  same 
month.  (Williams'  Eminent  Welshmen ;  Mont  Coll.^ 
v,  348  ;  and  an  unpublished  Life  of  Dr.  Worthingfon, 
by  Miss  Ellen  Powell.) 

Wynn,  The  Right  Honourable  Charles  Watkin 
Williams,  M.P. — By  the  kindness  of  the  Rev.  George 
Sandford,  M.A.,  I  am  permitted  to  insert  here  an  able 
and  interesting  memoir  of  this  eminent  statesman, 
written  by  him  : — 

"  The  Right  Honourable  Charles  Watkin  Williams- 
Wynn  deserves  a  prominent  place  among  the  worthies 
of  Montgomeryshire,  with  which  county  his  long  political 
career  was  closely  associaterj.  He  might  be  designated 
as  the  statesman  of  the  influential  family  of  the  Wynns, 
and  was  an  offshoot  of  the  great  political  stock  of  the 
Grenvilles,  whose  eminent  qualities  he  inherited,  and 
whose  fortunes  he  shared.     He  succeeded  in  adding  a 


MONTGOMKRYSniRE    WORTHIES.  255 

fresh  flower  to  the  blooming  wreath  of  his  kinsfolk, 
and  was  conspicuous  for  his  patronage  of  literary 
talent,  capacity  in  debate,  aptitude  for  the  details  of 
business,  and  devoted  attachment  to  the  honour  and 
institutions  of  his  country.  He  held  at  different  times, 
and  under  repeated  Administrations,  some  of  the 
highest  offices  of  the  State,  and  was  deemed  by  his 
friends  a  suitable  candidate  for  the  Chair  of  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and  competent  to 
discharge  the  arduous  and  responsible  duties  of  Vice- 
roy of  India.'*  (See  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the 
Regency,  vol.  ii,  p.  252.) 

Charles  Watkin  Williams- Wynn  was  second  son  of 
Sir  Watkin  Williams- Wynn,  fourth  baronet,  of  Wynn- 
stay,  CO.  Denbigh,  M.P.,  and  Charlotte,  daughter  of 
the  Right  Hon.  George  Grenville,  sister  of  the  Mar- 
quess of  Buckingham,  and  aunt  of  the  first  Duke  of 
Buckingham,  of  the  present  creation.  He  was  born 
on  the  9th  of  October  1775,  and  married,  on  the  9th 
of  April  1806,  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Foster 
Cunliffe,  Bart.,  by  whom  he  had  issue  two  sons  and 
four  daughters.  He  was  sent  in  early  life  to  West- 
minster School,  where  he  cultivated  the  friendship  of 
Robert  Southey,  which  was  improved  by  subsequent 
intimacy  at  Oxford,  and  continued  through  the  joint 
lives  of  the  statesman  and  the  poet.  Southey  fre- 
quently owned  his  deep  debt  of  gratitude  to  his  friend, 
and  was  enabled  to  take  up  his  residence  in  London 
and  to  commence  the  study  of  the  law  through  the 
kindness  of  Mr.  Wynn,^  from  whom  he  received  for 
some  years  an  annuity  of  £160.  This  was  an  act  of 
rare  friendship,  twice  honourable, — 

"  To  him  that  gives  and  him  that  takes  it ;" 

bestowed  with  pleasure,  received  without  any  painful 
feelings,  and  often  reverted  to  as  the  staff  and  stay  of 
those  years. 

Mr.  Southey  showed  his  sense  of  the  obligation  by 

'  Soutlieys  Life,  vol.  i,  298. 


256  MONTGOMERYSHIRK   WORTHIES. 

aptly  dedicating  to  Mr.  Wynn,  in  1805,  his  poem  on 
"Madoc",  as  a  token  of  sixteen  years  of  uninterrupted 
friendship.  It  was  intended  to  be  the  pillar  of  his 
reputation,  and  the  greatest  of  all  his  works,  and  a 
national  epic  for  the  Principality,  prized  and  studied 
through  future  ages  : — 

"  Come,  listen  to  my  lay,  and  ye  shall  hear 
How  Madoc  from  the  shores  of  Britain  spread 
The  adventurous  sail,  explored  the  ocean  paths, 
And  quelled  barbarian  power,  and  overthrew 
The  bloody  altars  of  idolatry. 
And  planted  in  its  fanes  triumphantly 
The  Cross  of  Christ." 

Southey  once  wrote^-  "  Perhaps  all  my  writings  are 
owing  to  my  acquaintance  with  Wynn.  He  saw  the 
first,  and  I  knew  the  value  of  his  praise  too  much  to 
despise  it."  Thus  Wales  is  indebted  in  a  great 
measure  to  Mr.  C.  W.  W.  Wynn  for  the  noble  poem 
"  Madoc",  illustrative  of  its  manners,  customs,  and 
history  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  exhibiting  to  our 
notice  its  chief  warriors  and  poets  in  the  stirring  pages 
of  its  glorious  independence. 

The  affection  of  Mr.  Charles  W.  W.  Wynn  for  the 
friend  of  his  youth  was  exhibited  by  unabated 
interest  in  his  voluminous  works  ;  and  we  find  the 
entry  in  a  letter  to  the  Marquess  of  Buckingham,  dated 
March  17th,  1818  :  **  I  want  to  ask  a  copy  of  the 
Stowe  Collection  for  Southey,  who  is  going  to  review 
the  jRerum  Hihernice  Scriptores  for  the  Quarterly''^ 

Mr.  Wynn  was  returned  to  Parliament  in  the  first 
instance  for  Old  Sarum  ;  but  on  the  death  of  Mr, 
Francis  Lloyd,  M.P.  for  Montgomeryshire,  in  1799, 
through  the  widespread  influence  and  popularity  of  his 
relatives  and  himself,  he  easily  obtained  a  seat  in  Par- 
liament for  the  county  of  Montgomery,  and  thus  esta- 
blished a  connection,  which  wa^  a  source  of  pride  to 
himself  and  of  benefit  to  an  attached  constituency  for 

^  SoiUhey*s  Life^  vol.  i,  p.  188. 

*  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Regency,  vol.  ii,  238. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  257 

the  long  term  of  fifty-one  years.  He  stood  amid  the 
ranks  of  the  Opposition,  with  Earl  Grey  and  Lord 
Grenville,  on  the  subject  of  the  forcible  annexation  of 
Norway  to  Sweden,  and  contended  that  British  policy 
never  sustained  a  deeper  shock,  nor  British  character  a 
deeper  stain,  than  in  the  conduct  which  had  recently 
been  pursued  in  regard  to  Norway. 

At  a  subsequent  period  he  took  a  prominent  place 
among  the  third  party,  or  Grenvillites,  a  sort  of  flying 
squadron  between  the  Ministerialists  and  Libei'als,  and 
capable  of  turning  the  scale  on  some  eventful  occasions 
in  favour  of  the  side  which  they  were  inclined  to 
espouse.^  "  The  object  which  we  had  in  view,"  Mr. 
Wynn  wrote  to  his  cousin,  the  Marquess  of  Buckingham, 
February  2,  1818,  "of  forming  a  third  party,  can  only 
be  the  work  of  time,  and  the  effect  of  steering  a  steady 
course  without  connection  or  coquetting  with  either 
party.''  "  If  we  only  w^it,  we  shall,  I  am  convinced, 
find  many  of  the  Opposition  who  are  indisposed  to 
Brougham,  Romilly,  Burdett,  and  Lambton,  and  in- 
clined to  join  us."  Of  this  section,  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn 
and  Mr.  W.  H.  Fremantle  took  an  advanced  position, 
and  in  due  time  attracted  towards  them  the  attention  of 
the  Government ;  and  Dr.  Phillimore,  M.P.  for  Mawes, 
wrote,  February  22,  1819:*  "Indeed,  Charles  Wynn 
seems  now  the  person  most  looked  up  to  by  the  House, 
and  has  not,  I  think,  voted  without  naving  his  opinion 
backed  by  at  least  twenty  votes." 

In  1817,  a  contest  arose  about  the  appointment  of  a 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Commons.  Sir  J.  Nichols 
proposed,  and  Mr.  Littleton  seconded,  Mr.  Charles 
Manners  Sutton,  the  Judge  Advocate-General,  for  the 
coveted  distinction.  Mr.  Dickinson  proposed  Mr. 
Charles  Williams  Wynn,  on  whose  peculiar  fitness  for 
the  office  he  expatiated.  Sir  Matthew  White  Ridley 
seconded  the  motion.  Mr.  Wilberforce  spoke  in  favour 
of  Mr.  Wynn.     Both  candidates  addressed  the  House ; 

*  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Regency ^  vol.  ii,  215. 
»  Ibid.,  vol  ii,  317. 
VOL.  XVII.  S 


258  MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES. 

but  Mr.  Manners  Sutton,  being  supported  by  the  whole 
strength  of  the  Government,  obtained  a  considerable 
majority,  the  votes  being,  for  Sutton  312,  for  Wynn 
152. 

When  the  Currency  question  was  mooted  in  1819, 
Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn  informed  his  cousin,  the  Marquess  of 
Buckingham,  of  the  declining  influence  of  the  Ministers. 
"  It  is  diflficult  to  describe  to  you  the  daily  increasing 
weakness  of  the  Government,  which  is  such  as,  if  I 
had  not  seen  all  I  have  seen  during  some  years  past, 
would  make  me  think  it  quite  impossible  that  they 
should  go  on  for  a  month.  They  evidently  have  no  hold 
on  the  House." 

Their  weakness  was  not  only  observable  by  expe- 
rience, but  also  in  the  division  list  the  power  of  the 
Opposition  was  visible.  The  essential  service,  however, 
rendered  to  the  Administration  at  this  alarming  juncture 
of  revolutionary  outbreaks  by  the  support  of  the  Gren- 
ville  party  was  acknowledged  by  them.^  **  It  will  be  a 
satisfaction  for  you  to  hear",  wrote  Lord  Sidmouth,  the 
Home  Secretary,  to  Lord  de  Dunstanville,  "  that  Lord 
Wellesley,  Lord  Grenville,  and  their  friends  in  the  two 
Houses  of  Parliament  entertain,  and  wiU  express 
opinions  in  unison  with  those  of  the  Government,  or 
rather  of  all  persons  of  honest  and  intelligent  minds, 
uninfluenced  by  party,  throughout  the  kingdom." 

In  1821,  at  an  early  era  of  the  reign  of  George  IV, 
it  was  deemed  indispensable  by  the  Government  to 
look  out  for  fresh  supporters,  and  the  Grenville  party, 
who  had  hitherto  acted  for  the  Whigs,  presented  the 
fairest  prospect  of  an  alliance.*  Proposals  were  made 
accordingly,  and  accepted.  Lord  Grenville,  the  head 
of  the  party,  was  disabled  by  infirmities  from  taking 
an  active  part  in  public  life ;  but  the  Marquess  of 
Buckingham  was  made  a  Duke ;  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn, 
President  of  the  Board  of  Control ;  and  his  brother, 
Mr.   H.   Wynn,   Envoy  to   the   Swiss   Cantons.     The 

^  Memoirs  of  the  Court  of  the  Regency ,  vol.  ii,  378. 
^  Wal pole's  History  of  England ^  vol.  ii,  p.  41. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WOR'ii^x^o.  259 

Grenville  party  were  favourable  to  the  Roman  Catholic 
claims.  In  the  following  year,  Mr.  Canning,  the  Secre- 
tary of  Foreign  Aflfairs,  imagined  that  the  Speaker 
might  be  persuaded  to  go  as  Governor-General  to  India, 
and  that  Mr.  Charles  W.  Wynn^  might  accept  the 
Speakership,  and  that  the  India  Board,  with  all  its 
emoluments  and  patronage,  might  be  open  to  Huskisson. 
The  negotiation  failed  through  the  ambition  of  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  who  conceived  that  one  of  his 
immediate  friends  should  be  in  the  Cabinet,  and  insisted, 
in  the  event  of  Mr.  Wynns  appointment  to  the 
Speakership,  on  his  own  admission  to  it ;  but  the 
Ministry  refrained  from  complying  with  his  demands. 

In  1827,  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn  was  one  of  the  chief 
functionaries  who  represented  the  Cabinet  at  the 
funeral  of  the  Duke  of  York,  although  previously,  as  a 
member  of  the  Government,  he  had  openly  avowed  his 
anxiety  for  despatch,  lest  his  Royal  Highness's  accession 
to  the  throne  should  render  Roman  Catholic  emancipa- 
tion impossible. 

At  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Canning  to  the  Premier- 
ship, April  lOth,  1827,  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn  faithfully  ad- 
hered to  his  former  colleague,  notwithstanding  many 
defections  from  among  his  recent  associates,  and  retained 
his  office  at  the  India  Board.  It  was  at  this  time  that 
he  was  a  second  time  offered,  and  again  refused,  the 
Governor-Generalship  of  India.  He  moved  for  a  new 
writ  for  the  borough  of  Newport,  in  consequence  of  the 
Right  Honourable  George  Canning  having  accepted  the 
office  of  the  First  Lord  Commissioner  of  the  Treasury.^ 

At  the  formation  of  the  Cabinet  of  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington in  1828,  some  difference,  unfortunately,  arose 
between  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn  and  his  noble  relative,  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham.  The  Duke,  who  was  insatiable 
in  his  demands  for  high  office,  thought  that  Wynn  stood 
in  his  way.    An  estrangement  ensued  between  the  two, 

^  Walpole's  History  of  England^  vol.  ii,  p.  57. 
*  Ihid,y  vol.  ii,  p.  257. 

^  Walpole's  History  of  England^  vol.  ii,  p.  468. 

S  2 


260  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES. 

of  which  the  Duke  of  Wellington  was  perfectly  aware, 
and  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn  was  not  included  in  the  new 
Administration. 

When,  in  1829,  Mr.  O'Connell  claimed  his  seat  for 
Clare  County,^' Mr.  Charles  W:  Wynn,  supporting  Mr. 
Brougham,  contended  that  O'Connell  was  entitled  to 
be  heard  either  at  the  table  or  at  the  bar ;  but  the 
arguments  of  the  great  Irish  orator  were  fruitless,  and 
the  House,  adhering  to  its  previous  decision,  ordered 
the  Speaker  to  make  out  a  new  writ  for  Clare. 

On  the  16th  November  1830,  it  was  evident  to  all 
the  world  that  the  downfall  of  the  Wellington  Ministry 
was  at  hand  ;  and  when  the  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer 
moved  in  common  form  that  the  House  do  resolve  itself 
into  a  Committee  on  the  Civil  List,  Sir  Henry  Pamell 
moved  an  amendment,  that  a  Select  Committee  be 
appointed  to  take  into  consideration  the  estimates  And 
accounts  printed  by  command  of  his  Majesty  regarding 
the  Civil  List.  The  debate  was  a  short  one,  but  it  was 
distinguished  by  a  significant  circumstance* :  three  old 
Conservatives,  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn,  Mr.  Barnes,  and  Mr. 
Holm  Sumner,  spoke  in  favour  of  Sir  Henry  Parnell's 
motion,  and  against  the  Government ;  and  on  a  division 
there  appeared  233  for  the  amendment,  and  204  against 
it,  giving  a  majority  of  twenty-nine  against  Ministers, 
who  consequently  resigned. 

When  Earl  Grey  accepted  the  post  of  First  Lord  of 
the  Treasury  in  1830,  the'  Grenvillites  were  propitiated 
by  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Charles  W.  Wynn  to  the 
Secretaryship  at  War,  without  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet; 
but  subsequently  he  stated,  that  unless  the  propositions 
of  Lord  John  Russell,  in  respect  of  Disfranchisement, 
underwent  a  modification  greater  than  he  had  reason  to 
expect,  he  could  not  give  them  his  support,  and  he  re- 
tired from  ofiice  March  5th,  1831. 

When  the  Reform  Bill  went  into  Committee,  and  the 

*  Walpole's  History  of  England,  vol.  ii,  p.  522. 

^  Alison*s  History  of  Europe  (coutinuation),  vol.  iii,  p.  403. 

'  Alison's  History  of  Europe,  vol.  iv,  3. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  261 

case  of  each  individual  borough  which  it  was  proposed 
to  disfranchise  came  under  consideration/  Mr.  C.  W. 
Wynn  moved  a  general  resolution,  that  the  considera- 
tion of  the  Schedules  should  be  postponed,  avowedly 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  advantage  of  the  new  census, 
the  report  of  which  might  be  expected  in  a  few  weeks. 
The  House,  however,  by  a  majority  of  1 1 8,  determined 
to  proceed,  making  the  census  of  1821  the  rule.  After 
two  nights'  debate,  the  Bill  was  read  a  second  time  by 
302  votes  to  301  ;  and  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn  voted  in 
favour  of  the  Government.  But  when,  shortly  after- 
wards, Mr.  Gascoigne,  the  member  for  Liverpool,  pro- 
posed a  preliminary  resolution,  that  the  number  of  re- 
presentatives in  England  and  Wales  should  not  be 
diminished,^  Mr.  Charles  W.  Wynn  ventured  on  opposing 
Government,  and  the  Ministry  was  defeated  by  299 
votes  to  291. 

In  1835,  Sir  Robert  Peel  undertook  the  arduous  task 
of  forming  an  Administration,  and  oflfered  the  Chan- 
cellorship of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster  to  his  old  friend 
and  colleague,  Mr.  C.  W.  Wynn,*  with  a  seat  in  the 
Cabinet,  and  the  veteran  statesman  once  more  under- 
took the  seals  of  office  in  that  short-lived  Government. 
But  he  was  now  desirous  to  retire  from  the  foreground 
of  politics.  His  voice  was  less  frequently  heard  in  the 
debate,  or  the  Privy  Council  Chamber  ;  and  his  vigour 
of  mind  was  less  conspicuous  in  the  engrossing  avoca- 
tions of  Parliamentary  business.  The  sunny  glades  of 
Llangedwin  afforded  him  greater  pleasure  than  the 
stormy  strife  of  St.  Stephen's,  and  the  quiet  routine  of 
domestic  life  imparted  to  him  unruffled  happiness. 
Literature  and  art  still  retained  their  charms  for  him. 
He  had  become  a  Doctor  of  Civil  Law,  a  Fellow  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  and  a  Privy  Councillor. 

He  resigned,  in  1844,  the  command  of  the  Mont- 
gomeryshire Yeomanry  Cavalry,  which  regiment  he  had 

'  Alison's  History  of  Europe^  vol.  i^  p.  37. 
^  Walpole*s  UUtory  of  England^  vol.  ii,  p.  6i2 
^  Alison's  History  of  Europe ^  vol.  v,  p;  407. 


262         MONTGOMERYSHIRE  WORTHIES. 

raised  in  1803,  and  commanded  for  forty-one  years. 
His  portrait,  in  the  uniform  of  his  regiment,  was  painted 
by  Sir  M.  A.  Shee,  Bart,  P.E.A.,  for  the  late  Mr. 
Griffithes  Parry  of  Welshpool,  and  by  him  bequeathed 
to  the  family  gallery  at  Wynnstay.  The  venerable 
statesman  greatly  enjoyed,  in  the  bosom  of  his  family, 
the  furlough  which  he  had  won  by  a  long  life  of  arduous 
toil,  and  prized  the  delightful  haven  whither  he  loved  to 
retire  from  the  storms  of  political  animosity.  He  could 
reflect  with  pride  on  the  sentiment  of  our  great  drama- 
tist: 

"  I  have  done  the  State  some  service,  and  they  know  it." 

Othello,  Act  V,  8c.  2. 

The  right  honourable  gentleman  died  in  1850,  full 
of  years  and  honours,  universally  regretted  and  lamented, 
and  was  buried  at  St.  George's  Chapel,  Bayswater, 
London.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Charles  Watkin 
Williams  Wynn,  of  Coedymaen,  for  eighteen  years 
M.P.  for  Montgomeryshire,  a  D.L.  for  that  county, 
and  formerly  Lieut.-Colonel  of  the  Montgomeryshire 
Yeomanry  Cavalry. 

Wynn,  Charlotte  Williams,  was  the  eldest  daughter 
of  the  Right  Hon.  Charles  Watkin  Williams  Wynn,  M.P., 
and  of  Mary,  his  wife,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Foster  Cun- 
lifie,  Bart.  She  was  born  in  January  1807  at  Llanged- 
win,  near  Oswestry,  where  she  mostly  spent  her  child- 
hood. Her  father's  high  position  in  political  life,  and  his 
intimate  friendship  with  Heber,  Southey,  Hallam,  Mack- 
intosh and  others,  brought  her,  at  an  early  age,  into  con- 
tact with  some  of  the  most  eminent  men  of  the  day, 
and  bred  within  her  a  taste  for  literary  pursuits,  and  an 
interest  in  political  affairs,  seldom  to  be  found  in  ladies 
of  her  age.  In  1836,  her  father  was  ordered  to  Wies- 
baden for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  she  accompanied 
her  parents  thither.  At  this  time  she  formed  lasting 
friendships  with  several  distinguished  foreigners,  among 
others,  with  Baron  Varnhagen  von  Ense,  Baron  Bunsen, 
M.  Rio,  as  well  as  with  Mr.  Carlyle,  the  Rev.  F,  D. 
Maurice,  and  others  of  her  own  countrymen,  with  whom 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHIES.  263 

she  corresponded  for  many  years.  Her  letters  display  a 
cultured  and  well-stored  mind,  a  broad  and  catholic  spirit, 
as  well  as  very  great  shrewdness  and  keenness  of  obser- 
vation, and  are  very  pleasant  reading.  Her  theological 
views  and  sentiments  appear  to  have  been  most  in  accord 
with  those  of  her  friend  Mr.  Maurice.  She  travelled  a 
good  deal  on  the  Continent.  During  the  later  years  of 
her  life  her  health  failed  her,  and  she  had  to  spend  part 
of  every  year  abroad.  She  died  at  Arcachon,  April  26th, 
1869,  and  was  buried  there.  In  1877,  extracts  from  her 
diary  and  correspondence  were  published,  under  the 
title  Memorials  of  Charlotte  Williams  Wynn,  edited  by 
her  sister  Mrs.  Lindesay.  A  second  edition  of  this  work 
was  called  for  in  1878. — {Memorials  of  C.  W.  Wynn.) 

Wynn,  Captain  Robert,  of  Maesmochnant,  Llan- 
rhaiadr,  was  an  officer  who  saw  much  service  abroad 
under  the  Duke  of  Marlborough,  in  the  time  of  Queen 
Anne.  He  was  descended  from  Owain  Gwynedjd,  in 
the  same  line  as  the  Wynns  of  Gwydir.  Huw  Moras, 
the  poet,  addressed  to  him  stanzas  of  gratitude  for 
visiting  him  on  his  sick-bed.  (See  Eos  Ceiriog^  vol.  ii, 
p.  404.)  He  died  without  issue  1st  May  1717. — {Arch. 
Camb.,  4th  series,  xi,  p.  213.) 

Rhys  o  Garno,  Sir,  an  eminent  poet  and  priest  who 
flourished  between  1440  and  1470.  He  is  supposed  to 
have  been  a  native  of  Carno,  but  resided  most  of  his 
life  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Corwen.  He  is  also  some- 
times called  Syr  Rhys  of  Drewen,  and  Syr  Rhys 
ab  Hywel  Dyrnor.     Some  of  his  poetry  is  still  extant. 

Rhys,  David,  Thomas,  and  Mary,  of  Penygeulan, 
Llanbrynmair,  were  brothers  and  a  sister,  and  were  all 
gifted  as  poets,  or  at  least  rhymsters  and  minstrels. 
David  was  born  about  the  year  1742,  and  was  a 
carpenter  by  trade.  He  composed  many  very  popular 
carols  and  songs,  some  of  which  are  still  remembered. 
He  was  also  a  good  musician,  and  led  the  church  choir. 
He  died  in  March  1824,  aged  82  years.  Thomas  was 
born  in  1750-51,  and  was  a  joiner,  but  was  of  a  more 
wandering  turn  than  his  brother  David.     He  was  very 


264  MONTGOMERYSHIRE   WORTHILS. 

witty,  and  his  songs  were  pungent  and  telling.  He  died 
in  March  1828,  aged  77  years.  A  daughter  of  his  died 
at  Corris,  in  December  1 883,  aged  94  years.  Mary  was 
also  a  poet,  but  excelled  as  a  singer.  She  was  rather 
eccentric,  delighting  in  fishing,  basket  making,  plough- 
ing, and  other  masculine  employments,  rather  than 
housework.  She  generally  wore  a  red  coat  over  her  other 
habiliments.  She  died  in  December  1842,  at  the  ex- 
treme age  of  98  years.  These  three  were  about  the 
last  survivors  in  Montgomeryshire  of  the  old  school  of 
wandering  -minstrels  and  carol  singers. 

Sturkby,  Henry  George,  M.D.,  was  the  third  son 
of  Dr.  Roger  Hudson  Devereux  Sturkey,  of  Fachwen, 
Tregynon,  an  eminent  medical  practitioner,  and  was 
born  on  the  23rd  February  1824.  He  was  educated 
chiefly  at  home  by  his  mother,  and  at  the  village  school. 
Being  of  an  unbending  and  determined  will,  he  left  home 
when  he  was  about  twenty  years  of  age  for  London, 
where  by  perseverance  and  hard  work  he  gained  entrance 
into  the  medical  profession.  He  afterwards  settled  in 
practice  at  Wisbeach  in  Cambridgeshire,  where  he  was 
successful  in  his  profession  and  acquired  some  pro- 
perty. He  was  also  the  author  of  several  works; 
among  others.  Hie  Heir  of  Maberley,  a  novel  in  two 
vols.  (London  :  Saunders  and  Otley,  1867.)  He  died 
at  Wisbeach,  April  6th,  1875,  aged  51  years.  His 
remains  were  brought  to  Tregynon,  and  interred  in  the 
churchyard  there  on  the  13th  of  the  same  month. — 
(Ex.  inf.  Mr.  R.  Tilsley,  etc.) 

Teon,  of  Guilsfield,  the  son  of  Gwineu  da'i  Freudd- 
wyd,  was  a  saint  of  the  college  of  lUtyd,  who  flourished 
in  the  middle  of  the  fifth  century.  He  was  the  ancestor 
of  Llewelyn  o'r  Trallwng,  and  was  first  a  bishop  of 
Gloucester,  and  afterwards  an  archbishop  of  London, 
whence  he  was  driven  by  the  pagan  Saxons,  and 
obliged  to  retire  to  Armorica.  From  him  the  Stiper- 
stones,  on  the  borders  of  Shropshire,  are  to  this  day 
called  by  the  Welsh,  Carneddi  Teon. — {Jos.  Morris's 
MSS.,  etc.) 


265 


DYFFEYN  CEIRIOG  FOLK-LORE. 

By  JOHN  CEIRIOG   HUGHES. 


Mr.  Ceiriog  Hughes  has  sent  us  the  following  interest- 
ing folk-lore  respecting  a  secluded  vale  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Llangollen,  which  was  visited  by  Doctor 
Phen6  awhile  ago,  apparently  with  the  object  of  dis- 
covering traces  of  serpent  worship  in  Wales.  The 
Welsh  bard  gives  a  different  meaning  to  the  words,  and 
accounts  for  the  names  of  places  in  a  manner  different 
from  the  Doctor.  The  subject  treated  of  by  Mr.  Hughes 
is  akin  to  that  which  the  Rev.  Elias  Owen  has  favoured 
us  with,  and  as  a  continuation  of  these  papers,  as  well 
as  for  its  intrinsic  value,  we  publish  the  following 
account  of  this  beautiful  vale.  We  will  only  add  that 
it  is  the  birthplace  of  Mr.  Hughes,  and  that  we  hope 
he  will  continue  this  series  of  papers  upon  the  folk-lore 
of  that  mountain  vale. 

The  learned  antiquary,  Dr.  Phen6,F.S.  A.,  in  the  March 
number  of  the  Journal  of  the  British  ArchcBological 
Societj/j  gives  an  interesting  account  of  his  visit  last 
year  to  a  valley  in  the  heart  of  the  Berwyn  range  of 
mountains  from  which  I  hail.  He  also  gives  an  account 
of  his  conversation  with  my  dear  mother  in  the  old  house 
of  my  childhood.  It  was  her  home  for  many  long 
years,  but  she  is  gone  to-day  to  the  longer  home.  With 
the  exception,  perhaps,  of  the  funeral  of  a  grand  old 
patriarch  of  Methodism,  Bichard  Morris,  there  never 
was  in  that  neighbourhood  a  more  numerous  nor 
memorable  procession  than  that  which  followed  the  old 
lady's  remains  to  their  resting-place  last  January. 

I  have  great  sympathy  with  sportsmen  fond  of  ser- 
pent hunting.     In  my  time,  I  have  turned  over  several 


266  DYFPttYN   CEIEIOG  FOLK-LORE. 

tumuli  and  Druidic  stones  in  search  of  the  reptile,  and 
also  have  had  a  slight  touch  of  the  Anglo-Israel  fever, 
and  other  epidemics.  At  present,  and  for  years,  I  have 
been  going  in  like  a  mad  truffle-terrier  for  roots,  not  of 
subterraneous  earth-nuts,  but  of  words  in  names  of 
places.  The  farm  Sarphle  (native  tenement  of  my 
grandfather)  has  had  my  attention,  and,  like  the  Doctor, 
1  have  paid  visits  to  the  house,  the  farmyard,  and  espe- 
cially to  the  orchard,  about  which  I  shall  ever  retain  a 
painful  recollection.  It  was  my  last  visit,  and  I  faith- 
fully fulfilled  my  solemn  promise  never  to  go  near 
Sarphle  during  the  remaining  term  of  my  natural  Ufe, 
The  serpent  of  that  orchard,  and  the  apple  of  that 
forbidden  sour  tree,  remind  me  forcibly  of  one  of  my 
original  sins,  when  I  and  my  school-mates  wore  petti- 
coats. The  Doctor  refers  to  the  "quaint  and  ancient 
manor-houses  of  the  district",  and  mentions  truthfully 
that  the  old  house  of  Sarphle  '*  hardly  repaid  investiga- 
tion''.  I  was  for  many  years  unsatisfied  in  my  own 
mind  as  to  the  meaning  of  Sarphle.  Accidentally, 
however,  I  passed  an  evening  in  the  company  of  another 
truffle-dog  at  a  very  ancient  farmstead  near  Towyn, 
known  as  Caethle.  "This",  my  friend  said,  *' was  the 
place  where  slaves  or  bondsmen  attached  to  the  near 
manor-house  inhabited  in  feudal  times,  as  the  late  slaves 
in  America,  even  to  this  day,  lived  in  buildings  apart 
from  their  master's  residence."  On  another  ramble  up 
the  Severn  I  came  to  a  place  called  Velindre.  I  thought 
it  curious  the  accent  should  be  where  it  was,  and  that 
the  inhabitants  did  not  say  Velin-y-dre  for  the  town 
mill.  My  companion  was  Quellyn,  a  brilliant  man,  and 
no  mean  scholar.  He  spoke  three  or  four  languages 
fluently,  and  had  then  just  completed  his  translation 
of  The  Demon  from  Russian  into  Welsh,  He  was 
amused  I  did  not  know  before  that  Velindre  was  the 
Villains  Home,  connected  with  the  manorial  mansion 
Y  Vaenor  Hall,  or  Y  Vaenol,  now  the  residences  of 
Captain  Kitto  and  Mrs.  Hayward  respectively.  In 
the  last  century  a  corn  mill  was  erected  at  Melindre. 


DYFPRYN   CEIRIOG   FOLK-LORE.  267 

Showing  how  correct  and  trustworthy  Llafar  gwlad 
is,  the  mill  is  known  as  Melin  Melindre.  Maens, 
or  stones,  marked  out  the  boundaries  of  the  Norman 
lords,  and  hence  manor,  the  or  and  all,  is  one  of  the 
numerous  Welsh  words  forming  our  English  language. 
The  next  time  I  stumbled  across  my  old  problem,  where 
the  apples  were  sour,  and  the  serpent  was  so  horrid  to 
remember,  and  where  the  grey  mare  lately  made  a  nest 
for  travellers,  the  words  Serf  and  Serphle  dawned 
upon  my  benighted  mind.  The  monstrous  old  Sarph, 
frightened  by  either  true  or  artificial  light,  like  Pope's 
celebrated  *'  wounded  snake",  immediately  disappeared 
into  the  bush,  '^dragging  it43  slow  length  along."  That, 
I  believe,  is  the  meaning  of  Sarphle.  Here  we  have 
in  names  of  places  to  this  day  well  defined,  the  inha- 
bited houses  of  the  old  bondsmen.  The  Norman  lord 
then  held  the  English  and  Welsh  labourer  in  a  state  of 
bondage,  similar  to  the  serf  of  Russia  a  few  years  ago. 
Our  old  slave  is  known  in  history  under  various  names 
— bondsman,  serf,  villain,  vassal,  and  caeth  or  slav.  I 
have  ghown  the  caeth  in  Caethle,  villain  in  Velindre, 
serf  in  Sarphle ;  and  y  Vassaleg,  or  Basaleg,  in  South 
Wales,  where  Ivor  Hael  and  Davydd  ap  Gwilym  made 
merry  evenings  with  harp  and  metheglin  four  hundred 
and  fifty  years  ago,  may  be  suggested  as  including  in 
full  the  home  of  a  certain  Vassalage,  or  a  tenantry  who 
held  land  subject  to  feudal  dependence.  Of  the  cave 
{Ogof  y  Coed  Cochion)  I  have  also  fond  memories. 
About  twenty-five  or  thirty  men  can  stand  inside  it. 
That  will  suggest  to  the  reader  the  approximate  size. 
It  is  undoubtedly  an  artificial  cave  on  the  ledge  of  a 
steep  castellated  rock,  and  neither  man  nor  wild  beast 
could  well  approach  and  commit  depredations  if  the 
caveman  and  his  family  kept  their  eyes  open.  It  is  a 
comfortable  dry  room  in  the  rock  right  opposite  the 
farm  Sarphle,  and  has  a  crevice  about  four  or  five  yards 
long,  opened  out  to  the  surface,  to  answer  the  purpose 
of  a  chimney.  I  once  dug  a  hole  in  the  floor  of  the 
cave  in  **  search  of  treasure",  or  for  pieces  of  brass  left 


268  DYFFRYN    CEIRIOG   FOLK-LORE. 

by  the  mythological  smith  who  made  the  Brazen  Head, 
the  Pen  Pres^  as  we  call  it.  It  was  to  this  Ynca- 
fashioned  high  home  in  the  frowning  rock  the  farm-boys 
of  the  period  crept  from  cliff  to  cliff  on  all-fours  on 
Easter  Sundays  to  boil  eggs.  To  eat  eggs  on  that  day 
was  a  custom  as  sacred  as  those  performed  on  Pancake 
Tuesdays  and  Hot-Cross  Bun  days.  Has  that  egg- 
eating  festival  anything  to  do  with  the  holy  egg  of 
serpent-worship,  and  the  Glain  nadredd  of  Druidic 
lore  ?  I  do  not  know,  but  I  speak  in  earnest,  and  assure 
Dr.  Phene  that  the  custom  existed  then.  It  was  a 
genuine  traditional  usage,  and  no  wicked  freak  of  ser- 
vant boys  given  to  steal  eggs  and  eat  them.  The 
legend  of  the  Brazen  Head^  is  fau-ly  and  correctly  given 

1  We  quote  Dr.  Phenfe's  narrative,  given  in  the  form  of  a  dialogue 
between  himself  and  his  guide,  Mr.  William  Jones,  an  inhabitant  of 
Llangollen,  and  the  Doctor's  version  of  the  legend : — 

"  We  now  approach  Penybryn,  the  home  of  Mrs.  Phebe  Hughes, 
mother  to  the  poet  John  Ceiriog.  The  house  was  placed  near  where 
the  ridge  terminated.  It  was  just  getting  dark,  and  Mrs.  Hughes 
was  already  preparing  to  retire,  when  Mr.  Morris  explained,  in 
Welsh,  my  request  that  the  tradition  of  the  cave  might  be  given  me. 
The  conversation  was  conducted  in  Welsh,  and  the  narrative,  which 
was  evidently  curtailed  from  the  desire  of  Mrs.  Hughes  to  retire,  was 
as  follows : — 

^' '  In  former  tildes  a  man,  who  was  a  smith,  lived  in  the  cave 
which  overhangs  the  river  Ceiriog.  This  man  was  commanded,  by 
some  unseen  powers,  to  make  a  head  of  brass.  It  was  to  be  of  great 
size,  and  to  be  made  after  a  style  described  to  him.  The  smith  was 
not  to  sleep  during  the  whole  time  he  was  making  the  brazen  head, 
nor  until  it  had  revealed  to  him  afl  the  knowledge  man  could  know. 
The  matter  became  known,  and  as  soon  as  it  was  found  that  the 
head  would  require  weeks  to  make,  persons  were  directed  to  keep  the 
smith  awake,  by  pricking  him  with  needles  and  pins.  This  con- 
tinued until  the  smith's  work  was  accomplished.  This  being  so,  the 
head  began  to  speak,  and,  addressing  its  maker,  stated  : — **  I  will 
tell  yoii  first  three  things,  and  then  I  will  explain  them,  and  give  the 
knowledge  to  you.  I  know — 1.  What  has  been.  2.  What  is. 
3.  What  will  be."  The  assembled  people  were  so  astounded  by  the 
sound  of  a  voice  from  the  head,  that  their  guard  over  the  smith  was 
forgotten.  This  no  sooner  ceased  than  the  wearied  metallurgist  fell 
asleep,  and  the  head  ceased  for  ever  the  statement  it  had  begun.' 

"The  whole  stoiy  agrees  so  completely  with  the  Scandinavian 
myths,  that  it  must  either  be  assumed  that  such  was  its  origin,  or 


DYPFRVN    CEIRIOG   FOLK-LORE.  269 

by  the  Doctor.  As  he  says,  the  word  smith  does  not 
convey  the  old  classic  meaning  of  gov,  for  the  gov 
among  the  Britons  had  to  prepare  his  own  metal  out  of 
the  raw  material.  In  the  iF  TaKe^in  quarterly,  published 
by  Clarke  (Ruthin).,  for  May  1860,  page  79,  I  gave  my 
version  of  this  legend,  believing  then,  as  I  do  now, 
that  though  it  was  a  rank  cock-and-bull  tale,  it  was 
valuable,  and  useful  to  throw  a  glimmering  light  into 
the  dark  cave  of  pre-historic  times,  connecting  our  fore- 
fathers, by  a  link  of  superstition  common  to  all,  with 
the  early  inhabitants  of  the  Euphrates  valley  and  Hin- 
dostan.  I  was  not  aware  of  any  Scandinavian  supersti- 
tion similar  to  it,  and  could  not  at  that  time  have  read 
any  English  literature  whatever.  I  was  for  a  long  time  in 
doubt  and  under  the  impression  it  was  only  a  bogie  tale  of 
the  nursery,  like  those  of  ghosts  and  Bwgan  BdSy  to  make 
me  a  good  boy,  which  I  believe  I  never  was.  This  is  a 
free  translation  from  Taliesin,  1860  : — '*  In  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Ceiriog,  I  have  often  heard  a  wonderful 
legend  respecting  a  mysterious  Head  of  Brass  (Pen 
Pres),  made  by  an  artist  imder  peculiar  circumstances. 

that  the  Keltic  and  other  people  coming  from  the  East  brought 
similar  traditions  with  them.  The  magical  hammer  of  Thor  and 
the  sacred  serpent  of  Scandinavia,  are  the  prominent  features  through- 
out, and  the  story  in  part  resembles  the  myth  of  Weyland  Smith's 
cave,  the  stones  of  which  are  arranged  in  the  form  of  Thorns  Ham- 


"  For  my  further  satisfaction,  a  rock-cut  chamber  beneath  the 
house  of  Penybryn  was  shown  me  as  the  place  where  the  mystic 
smith  made  the  head.  That  this  chamber  was  originally  a  sacred 
place,  where  ceremonies  were  carried  put,  I  have  no  doubt.  The 
house  seems  to  have  been  built  to  conceal  or  protect  it. 

"  The  old  parish  church  had  lately  been  pulled  down  and  a  new 
one  built,  and  in  the  old  church  were  found  a  number  of  early 
English  gold  coins  in  a  condition  as  perfect  as  when  they  came  from 
the  mint.  One  of  these,  a  rose-noble,  I  was  able  to  secure.  In  the 
churchyard  also  is  seen  a  tumulus  to  Saint  Oarmon,  just  as  in 
Brittany  are  seen  menhirs  in  the  churchyards,  showing  the  site  was 
once  sacred  under  the  ancient  religion  of  Britain." — Journal  of  the 
British  Arch,  Assoc.^  vol.  xl,  pp.  93  and  94. 


270  DYFFRYN   CEIRIOG   FOLK-LORE. 

At  present,  I  can  only  give  the  pith  of  it.  The  artist 
took  in  his  head  the  idea  of  making  another  head  out 
of  a  solid  lump  of  brass.  The  Brass  Head,  when  com- 
pleted, was  to  be  endowed  with  the  ffifk  of  the  gab, 
similar  to  that  bestowed  upon  brazen-faced  gentlemen 
of  modern  times.  It  was  to  give  full  particulars,  (1)  Of 
all  things  that  were ;  (2)  Of  all  things  now  in  exist- 
ence ;  and  (3)  Of  all  coming  events  and  things  of  the 
future.  But  in  order  to  obtain  this  precious  information 
out  of  the  brass  image's  mouth,  there  were  in  its  manu- 
facture certain  conditions  to  be  strictly  observed.  The 
gov  had  to  use  nothing  but  his  chisel,  and  that  inces- 
santly, night  and  day,  for  the  term  of  seven  years,  and 
he  was  not  to  have  a  wink  of  sleep  during  the  whole 
of  that  period.  He  worked  industriously  according  to 
the  very  severe  regulations  mentioned,  but  there  was  a 
slight  doubt  in  his  opinion,  in  the  conscience  of  his 
conscience,  about  stealing  a  couple  of  winks  one  winter 
night.  He  was  not  quite  sure  whether  he  really  slept 
then,  or  dreamt  when  wide  awake  he  had  been  sleeping. 
Who  were  the  powers  who  made  the  stipulations,  or 
who  the  individual  was  who  undertook  to  adhere  to 
them,  I  cannot  say;  but  so  the  tale  goes,  and  if  my 
unhallowed  hand  were  to  tamper  with  sacred  versions 
of  ghosts  and  goblin  traditions,  I  would  be  one  of  the 
first  to  die  from  vexation,  and  succumb  to  the  agonies 
of  a  guilty  conscience.  The  seven  years  expired.  An 
immense  crowd  gathered  together  to  hear  the  mighty 
utterances  of  the  oracle,  the  Brass  Sphinx.  The  great 
artificer  came  forward,  looking  very  boosy  and  fatigued, 
expressing  a  wicked  wish  to  be  in  the  heaven  of  the 
seven  sleepers  for  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The  Head 
was  elevated  on  a  pole,  like  the  brass  serpent  in  the 
wilderness,  but  the  people  looked  more  at  the  artist 
than  at  the  image,  for  he  wore  the  true  orthodox  cos- 
tume of  great  geniuses.  His  talents  exhibited  them- 
selves through  his  elbows  as  well  as  through  his  knees, 
and  he  was  undoubtedly  a  total  abstainer  from  soap  and 
all  kind  of  water  during  the  period  he  worked.     His 


DYFFRYN   CEIRIOG   FOLK-LORE.  27l 

hair  grew  down  his  shoulders  and  his  beard  reached 
his  knees,  covering  occasionally  the  bit  of  white  skin 
which  smiled  pleasantly  from  the  cap  of  the  knee.  As 
for  his  nails,  any  cat  might  well  have  been  jealous,  for 
they  were  proper  scratchers,  quite  as  long  as  the  fingers 
on  which  they  had  been  growing.  In  the  posture  of  a 
Druid  praying  he  stood  up,  with  arms  folded  across  his 
breast,  and,  with  trembling  voice,  asked  the  Brass  Head 
the  first  question — Whxit  were,  or  Beth  fu.  You  might 
have  heard  a  pin  dropping,  so  silent  stood  the  assembly. 
Instead  of  answering,  the  Head  cracked  with  a  loud 
report,  and  its  sound  awoke — holl  ferched  y  graig — all 
the  Daughters  of  the  Rock,  id  est^  the  echoes  in  subter- 
ranean chambers.  The  second  question.  What  is,  or 
Beth  sydd,  was  given.  Another  terrible  din  followed, 
which  woke  the  Dead  Thunders  of  the  last  seven  years, 
and  in  their  resurrection  rent  the  skies  and  brought 
down  a  deluge.  In  response  to  the  third  question,  the 
Pen  Pres  cracked  again  with  shrill  noise,  and  fell  like 
slacked  quick-lime  to  the  ground !  Here  endeth  the 
legend  of  Pen  PresJ' 

I  am  not  aware  of  any  traces  of  serpent-worship  in 
those  parts  of  North  Wales  which  I  happened  to  have 
visited,  and  am  given  to  understand  that  Maenyddiaeth 
(FreemcLSonry),  or  the  religion  of  the  Maen  Churyf  in 
North  Wales,  co-existed  with  the  Sarph  Dorchog 
ceremonies  in  the  South.  As  a  nomadic  people,  the 
early  inhabitants  came  in  batches  from  time  to  time 
from  various  parts  of  the  Continent,  bringing  with 
them  various  forms  of  creeds,  dialects,  and  customs ; 
and  often  I  have  been  amused  at  the  similarity 
between  Welsh  and  Sanskrit  words  and  the  names 
of  places  here  and  in  parts  of  Turkey  in  Asia  and 
India.  "The  rock-cut  cellar"  at  the  house  of  Pen- 
y-Bryn  (anciently  called  Braich  Hengist)  could  not 
be  entered  except  down  a  narrow  staircase.  In 
making  another  staircase  about  forty  years  ago,  we 
found  a  hardened  adamantine  wall  two  yards  wide, 
encasing  the  cellar  or  chamber  **  where  the  mystic  smith 


272  DYFPRYN   CEIRIOG   FOLK-LORE. 

made  the  head."  Different  from  most  cellars  which 
interest  us  nowadays,  this  one  is  noted  not  for  its 
vintage,  but  for  its  ever-flowing  crystal  spring  of  water. 
There  is  another  cave  about  four  miles  higher  up  the 
valley,  known  as  Ogof  Ceryg  Oedog  (the  cave  of  the 
ancient  stones).  Last  May,  my  son,  myself,  and  small 
party  of  friends  crawled,  feet  first,  into  its  interior.  We 
found  it  in  the  form  of  a  horizontal  v  »,  growing 
narrower  and  narrower  for  twenty-eight  yards,  untU 
we  could  get  no  further.  With  the  exception  of  an 
insane  person  some  eighty  years  ago,  our  party  were 
the  first  to  intrude  upon  the  solitude  of  this  natural 
chamber.  We  had  no  time  to  search  for  the  '*  ancient 
stones"  of  flint '  implements  which  induced  us  to  visit 
the  place,  but  we  ascertained  quite  satisfactorily  the 
cave  was  not  dug  by  human  hands,  but  was  the  result 
of  a  landslip  at  some  remote  geological  period.  More  of 
this  some  other  day,  after  another  visit  to  the  cave. 


NoTB. — It  is  not  generally  known  we  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
Geiriog  Hughes  for  a  National  Anthem  for  the  Principality, 
second  only  to  "  God  save  the  Qaeen".  Many  years  ago,  before 
either  the  coming  of  age  or  the  marriage  of  his  Royal  High- 
ness the  present  Prince  of  Wales,  Mr.  Geiriog  Hughes  induced 
his  friend  and  fellow-countryman,  Mr.  Brinley  Bichards,  to 
compose  three  different  melodies  to  the  original  words,  "  Ar 
Dwysog",  etc.,  which  Mr.  Geiriog  Hughes  had  specially  written 
in  anticipation  of  the  two  national  rejoicings  then  pending. 

Out  of  the  three  new  tunes  sent  him  by  Mr.  Brinley  Richards, 
he  selected  ''  Number  Two",  now  the  well-known  strain. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  know  if  the  other  two  tunes  that 
were  not  so  fortunate  in  their  marriage  to  poetry,  could  be 
obtained  and  published.     (Ssa  of  P.  L.  G.) 


273 


INEDITED   WELSH   POETRY, 

BY  POWrSLAND  AND  OTHER  WELSH  POETS. 


The  volume,  of  which  we  give  the  following  list  of  con- 
tents, is  now  at  Celynog,  Newtown,  and  contains  a  col- 
lection of  Welsh  Odes,  Elegies,  etc.,  made  about  1600 
to  1620,  in  all  about  104  compositions  by  forty-six 
different  authors ;  some,  however,  being  a  little  imper- 
fect. It  seems  to  have  belonged  at  different  times  to 
John  Jones,  Glanygors  (the  poet),  Lewis  Morris 
{Llewelyn  Ddu  o  Fon),  and  the  Rev.  John  Blackwell 
{Alun),  whose  nephew,  the  Rev.  John  W.  Kirkham, 
of  Llanbrynmair,  presented  it  to  me  many  years  ago. 
Some  leaves  are  missing  at  both  ends  of  the  book, 
and  others  are  very  rotten  from  the  effects  of  damp. 

R.  W 

An  Ode  to  Religion,  by  Sion  Brwynog  (now  missing). 

Englynion  (missing). 

The  Dream  of  Sion  Tudur  (part  missing). 

Englynion. 

EnglyuioQ  to  the  Daughter  of  the  parson  of  Llanelidan,  by 

Sion  ap  William  GruffydA 
Others  to  the  same,  by  Edward  ab  Raff. 
JBiDglynion. 
An  Ode  to  ask  Rhys  Grythor  for  Sion  Tudur,  by  William 

Cynwal. 
An  Ode  to  answer  William  Cynwal,  by  Sion  Tudur. 
An  Ode  to  God  on  Psalm  xxiv,  3,  etc.,  by  Sion  Tudur. 
An  Ode  on  the  giving  of  Tithes,  by  Dr.  John  Kent. 
An  Ode  on  the  reconciliation  of  Wmffre  ap  Howel  ap  lankyn^ 

by  Tudur  Aled. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Dafydd  ab  Qwilym. 
An  Ode  to  God,  by  Dafydd  ab  Edmund. 
Elegy  upon  Lleucu  Llwyd,  by  Llewelyn  Goch  Amheurig  Hen. 
VOL.  XVII.  T 


/ 


274  INEDITED   WELSH    POETRY. 

Cywydd  Merch,  by  Dafydd  Nanmor. 

Elegy  upon  Gruffydd  Hiraethog,  by  William  Lleyn. 

Cywydd  Merch,  by  Bedo  Brwynllys. 

An  Ode  in  praise  of  William  Thomas  of  Caerhun,  by  Sion 

Tudur. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Robin  Ddu. 
An  Ode,  praising  Dafydd  Llwyd  for  the  gift  of  a  horse,  by 

Guto'r  Glyn. 
Elegy  upon  John  Gruffydd,  Esquire,  Caerwys,  by  Sion  Tudur. 
An  Ode  to  the  Snake  which  stung  William  Lleyn's  horse,  given 

to  him  by  John  Ap  Hugh,  by  William  Lleyn. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  William  Cynwal. 
Another  by  the  same. 
Another  by  the  same. 
Here  is  an  Ode  to  Deiniol  Bangor,  made  when  the  Bishop's 

palace  was  built  in  the  year  of  Christ's  age,  1524,  by  Sir 

David  Trefor. 
A  Reconciliation  Ode  made  by  Sir  David  Trefor,  seeking  recon- 
ciliation with  Archdeacon  Buckley. 
An   Ode  of  Love-message    between    leuan   ap   Hywel  and 

Llawdden,  by  leuan  ap  Hywel  Swrdwal. 
An  answer  to  the  same,  by  Llawdden  Llwyd. 
A  Lampoon  between  leuan  Dew  Brydydd  and  Master  Parry, 

by  leuan  Dew  Brydydd. 
Here  is  an  answer  to  it,  by  Master  Parry. 
Here  is  an  answer  to  Master  Parry,  by  Evan  Dew  Brydydd. 
An  Ode  which  Dr.  John  Kent  made  to  the  World. 
An  Ode  in  praise  of  John  Wyn  ap  Cadwaladr,  by  Sion  Tudur. 
An  Ode  to  the  Tablers  (qu.  Gamesters  ?)  from  St.  Asaph,  by 

Sion  Tudur. 
An  OJe  to  Bards  who  give  arms  and  descents  where  none 

ought  to  be,  by  John  Tudur. 
Elegy  upon  Dafydd  ap  Edmund,  by  Gutyn  Owain. 
An  Ode  made  by  Thomas  Prys  when  he  was  ill,  praying  God 

to  restore  him  to  health  quickly. 
An    Ode  to    John  Gruffydd,  Esquire.     ''  Gruffydd  Llwyd  ap 

leuan  ai  k&nt  i  master  John  Gruffydd,  esquier  ar  oedd  yn 

tario  yn  Llwynglyn  yn  plwy  Karwys.'' 
An  Ode  to  the  Miser,  by  John  Tudyr. 
The  Reconciliation  Ode  of  Archdeacon  Buckley,  by  Sir  David 

Trefor. 
An  Ode  to  Flint  and  its  Men,  by  Lewis  Glyn  Cothi. 
An  Ode  to  (St.)  Mary,  by  Gruffydd  ap  leuaaap  Llewelyn  Fychan. 
Here  is  the  Pedigree  of  Joachim,  the  husband  of  Anna,  the 
father  and  mother  of  the  Virgin  Mary,  the  mother  of 
Christ  Jesus,  wlio  is  in  heaven  above. 


INEDITED   WELSH    POETRY.  276 

An  Ode  in  praise  of  his  Grace  King  Jamea^  by  Edward  ab  Raff 

Englynion  (miscellaneous ;  thirteen  in  all). 

An  Ode  to  answer  Sion  Tudur  for  an  Ode  that  he  had  before 

made  to  Sion  Phylip,  by  John  Pfhylip. 
Here  is  the  answer  to  Sion  Ff hylip  that  was  made  by  Sion 

Tudur. 
Elegy  upon  Sion  Eos,  by  Dafydd  ap  Edmwnd. 
An  Ode  which  Sir  Dafydd  Trefor  made,  to  Dr.  William  Glyn 

when  he  was  hnrt  in  London. 
An  Ode  to  solicit  Goats  of  the  men  of  Hiraethog  for  Robert 

Wyn  Gethin,  by  William  Cynwal. 
Elegy  upon  Sir  leuan  Llwyd  of  141,  by  Sion  Tudur. 
An  Ode  to  nnderstand  this  World,  by  Sion  Tudur. 
An  Ode,  tracing  the  Pedigree  of  Dr.  William  Hughes,  Bishop 

of  St.  Asaph,  by  William  Cynwal 
Elegy  upon  Sion  Erch,  which   Edward   Llwyd  of  Llanynys 

caused  to  be  made^  by  Raff  ab  Robert. 
An  Ode  in  praise  of  Sion  Edward  of  Waun  (Chirk),  1596,  by 

Edward  ab  Raff. 
A  Lampoon  that  took  place  between  leuan  Dew  Brydydd  and 

Master  Parry,  by  leuan  Dew  Biydydd, 
An  Ode  to  God,  by  William  Cynwal. 
An  Ode  to  Theology,  by  Llewelyn  ab  Edward. 
Another  Ode,  by  Lewis  ab  Edward. 
Englyn. 

A  Dialogue  between  a  Disciple  and  his  Teacher. 
The  Life  of  the  blessed  Saint  Margaret* 
The  Life  of  St.  Katring. 
Englyn. — Medicine  for  the  Colic. 
Englyn. — To  the  Dear  Year. 
An  Ode  to  solicit  Oxen,  to  the  heir  of  Eyton,  by  Dafydd  ap 

Edmund. 
An  Ode  to  the  Blind,  by  leuan  Llwyd  Brydydd. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Robin  Ddu. 
Another  by  Ifan  Denlwyn. 
An  Ode  to  Owen  Tudur,  by  leuan  Gethin. 
An  Ode  to  God,  by  lolo  Goch. 
An  Ode  to  Howel  ap  John  ap  Harry  of  Ysceifiog,  made  by 

William  Lleyn. 
An  Ode  to  a  Maid  who  had  not  kept  her  Promise,  by  Tudur 

Aled. 
Cywydd  Merch  ag  oedd  yn  wraig  gwr  priod,  etc.,  by  Tudur  Aled. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Gruffydd  ap  leuan. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Dafydd  ab  Gwilym. 
Cywydd  Merch,  Dafydd  ab  Gwilym  ai  kant  i  Forfydd. 

T  2 


276  INEDITED   WELSH   POETRY. 

Cywydd  Merch,  by  Dafydd  ab  Gwilym. 

Awdl  i  Wenfrewi,  by  John  ap  Howel  ap  Llewelyn. 

Englynion  i  Wenfrewi,  by  William  Lleyn,  Sion  Phylip,  and  H. 

Madog. 
Englyn. — "Na  ddyro  dy  dda  yn  ddiles,"  etc. 
An  Ode  to  Dafydd  Llwyd  ab  Llewelyn,  by  Llewelyn  ab  Gutyn. 
An  Ode  in  reply  to  it,  by  Dafydd  Llwyd  ab  Llewelyn. 
A  Rejoinder  (partly  torn  oflF),  by  Llewelyn  ab  Gutyn. 
An  Ode  to  answer  Llewelyn  ab  Gutyn,  by  Dafydd  Llwyd  ab 

Llewelyn  ab  Gruffydd. 
Elegy  upon  Tudur  Llwyd  of  W,  by  Tudur  Aled. 
An  Ode  to  a  Black  Man,  by  Guto'r  Glyn. 
An  Ode  to  a  Hard  Man,  by  Guto'r  Glyn. 
An  Ode  to  the  Beard,  by  lolo  Goch  (qu.  Rhys  Goch?). 
Elegy  upon  a  Husband  and  Wife  in  Anglesey  who  died  at  the 

same  time,  by  Rhys  Pennardd. 
An  Ode  to  the  Trough,  by  Huw  Arwystli. 
An  Ode  to  the  Salmon  as  a  Love-messenger,  by  Lewys  Hon. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Lewys  Mon. 
Elegy  upon  Rhys  Nanmor,  by  Lewys  Mon. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Sion  Tudur. 

Cywydd  Merch  ifank,  by  Llewelyn  ab  Dafydd  Vychan. 
Cywydd  Merch,  by  Gruffydd  ab  leuan. 
An  Ode  to  a  Jealous  Man,  by  Rhys  ap  Howell  ap  Dafydd  ap 

Einion. 
Elegy  upon  Sion  Rossier  of  Powys,  by  Robin  Ddu. 
An  Ode  to  Sir  Lewis  ap  Dafydd  ap  Gruffydd,  who  was  vicar  of 

Corwen,  by  Sion  Guns. 
Trioedd  Taliesin. 

An  Ode  to  the  Confessional,  by  Gwilym  ap  Sefnyn. 
A  Funny  Ode,  made  by  Dafydd  Llwyd  Ysgolhaig,  to  seek  a 

bride  in  Gwynedd. 
Another  Ode  by  the  same  (part  missing). 


277 


ROMAN  MILESTONES  FOUND  IN  WALES. 


In  this  volume  we  have  more  than  one  article  bearing 
upon  the  Roman  roads  running  through  the  district  of 
wnich  Montgomeryshire  is  the  centre,  and  it  is  expe- 
dient not  to  confine  our  attention  to  our  own  immediate 
neighbourhood,  but  to  pursue  the  subject  into  the 
other  counties  of  Wales. 

This  paper  is  a  reproduction,  with  slight  modifica- 
tions, of  two  articles  wnich  recently  appeared  in  ArchoBO- 
logia  jEliana  (the  publication  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries of  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  with  which  Society  we 
have  lately  effected  an  exchange  of  Transactions,  through 
the  ftiedium  of  a  gentleman,  a  member  of  both  Societies 
— Mr.  J.  Cadwallader  Bates,  of  Wylam-on-Tyne),  by  a 
great,  and  perhaps  one  of  the  first,  authorities  on 
Roman  Antiquities,  the  Rev.  J.  CoUingwood  Bruce, 
LL.D.,  D.C.L.,  F.S.A. 

Dr.  CoUingwood  *  Bruce  has  kindly  given  us  permis- 
sion to  use  both  his  articles,  which  we  do  with  very 
slight  modification. 

"  Of  the  many  interesting  monuments  which  are  to 
be  found  in  that  city  of  ruins,  Rome,  one  of  the  most 
suggestive  is  a  white  marble  cylinder,  which  stands 
on  the  Piazza  of  the  Capitoline  Hill.  It  has  on  it  the 
names  of  the  Emperors  Vespasian  and  Nerva  and  the 
numeral  I.  It  of  old  informed  the  traveller  on  the  Via 
Appia  that  he  was  one  mile  from  the  Eternal  City. 
Another  milestone  stands  on  this  Piazza  marked  with 
the  numeral  VII. 

*'  The  Romans  knew  that  if  they  were  to  govern  the 
world  they  must  have  the  means  of  readily  communi- 
cating with  every  part  of  it.  So  important  was  this 
matter  considered,  that  the  formation  of  their  roada 


278  KOMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES. 

was  committed  to  some  of  their  highest  officers.  So 
well  were  the  roads  constructed  that  portions  of  them 
over  which  the  legions  of  the  great  Julius,  Pompey,  and 
Antony  marched,  still  exist  in  a  good  condition.  In  the 
provinces  the  same  system  was  adopted  as  in  the  Italian 
peninsula.  On  looking  at  a  map  of  Roman  Britain,  we 
cannot  but  be  struck  at  the  complete  network  of  roads 
which  overspread  the  island,  and  doubtless  many  tracks 
existed  of  yore  which  have  escaped  the  cognizance 
of  modern  observers.  By  way  of  showing  how  well 
ready  access  to  the  great  centres  of  population  in  our 
own  country  was  provided  for,  I  may  mention  that 
seven  roads  are  known  to  have  branched  off  from 
LoNDiNUM  (London),  though  it  was  not  then  the  capital 
of  the  island  ;  Uriconium  (Wroxeter)  was  the  centre 
of  five  lines  of  Roman  road ;  and  six  roads  started  from 
Manounium  (Manchester).  And  then,  as  it  regards  the 
region  of  the  Wall  in  our  neighbourhood  (Northumber- 
land), roads  existed  by  which  the  legionary  force  in 
York  might  at  once  reach  South  Shields,  Newcastle, 
Corbridge,  Caervoran  or  Carlisle,  in  case  the  auxiliary 
troops  which  garrisoned  the  Great  Barrier  were  exhibit- 
ing a  mutinous  disposition,  or  were  likely  to  be  over- 
powered by  the  enemy.  The  Celts,  or  other  early 
occupants  of  Britain,  would  have  track-ways  which 
marked  their  passage  from  one  place  to  another ;  but 
we  have  no  reason  to  suppose  that  they  were  otherwise 
formed  than  by  the  traffic  which  passed  over  them. 

**  The  Roman  roads  were  designed  so  as  to  give  the 
best  gradients  and  at  the  same  time  command  the 
points  from  which  an  enemy  could  best  be  observed. 
They  were,  besides,  carefully  paved.  Large  kerbstones 
were  placed  at  the  edges,  and  the  other  materials  were 
so  arranged  as  to  give  the  surface  a  curved  form,  thus 
at  once  bestowing  upon  the  way  the  benefit  of  the 
principle  of  the  arch,  and  providing  for  the  speedy 
removal  of  the  water  which  fell  upon  it.  That  the 
pa^vement  of  the  Roman  road  was  one  of  its  chief 
characteristics  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  in  the  times 


ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES.  279 

succeeding  the  Roman  occupation  these  ways  were 
usually  denominated  streets;  thus  we  have  Watling 
Street,  Ermin  Street,  Ichnield  Street,  etc.,  the  word 
street  properly  signifying  a  paved  way.  The  same 
thing  is  shown  by  the  name  given  to  the  Roman  road 
leading  in  our  neighbourhood  from  Cilurnum  to  Magna 
— the  Stanegate.  That  the  structure  of  the  Roman 
roads  was  regarded  as  something  extraordinary  by  the 
mediaeval  inhabitants  of  the  country,  is  further  shown 
by  the  fact  that  they  were  supposed  to  be  the  work  of 
magicians,  such  as  the  renowned  Michael  §cott ;  and 
one  of  them,  that  proceeding  from  the  vicinity  of 
Corbridge  to  Berwick,  is  without  periphrasis  called  the 
Devil's  Causeway.  Resting  places  for  travellers  were 
placed  upon  the  route  of  tbe  roads  at  reasonable 
distances.  At  some  of  these  camps  travellers  could 
obtain  a  change  of  horses;  at  others  they  were  only 
expected  to  rest  awhile. 

"  The  roads  seem  to  have  been  provided  with  mile- 
stones to  inform  the  traveller  of  his  progress  on  his 
journey.  In  the  vicinity  of  Vindolana,  the  modern 
Chesterholm,  there  were  standing  three  successive  mile- 
stones in  Horsley's  day ;  only  one  stands  now,  but 
another,  a  mile  to  the  west  of  it,  lies  prostrate  and 
broken.  A  Roman  milestone  is  usually  of  a  cylindrical 
form,  standing  above  the  ground  six  or  seven  feet,  and 
having  a  diameter  of  nearly  two  feet.  They  are  usually 
inscribed  with  the  name  of  the  Emperor  in  whose  reign 
they  were  erected,  and  the  number  of  miles  ( thousand 
paces)  that  the  spot  is  from  the  next  station.  The 
Emperor  was  Lord  of  the  Road,  and  any  offence  com- 
mitted on  it  was  an  .offence  against  majesty.  The  same 
idea  has  descended  to  modem  times,  for  we  commonly 
talk  of  the  King's  or  Queen's  highway,  and  a  highway 
robbery  is  even  now  an  aggravated  offence. 

**  There  is  a  little  uncertainty  about  the  length  of 
the  Roman  mile.  In  Dr.  Smith's  Dictionaiy  of  Anti- 
quities^ it  is  stated  to  have  been  1,618  English  yards  in 
length,  or  142  yards  less  than  the  English  statute  mile. 


280  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND    IN   WALES. 

Mr.  MacLauchlan,  who  surveyed  the  Roman  Wall  for 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland,  came  to  a  similar  con- 
clusion in  this  way :  he  found  that  the  usual  distance 
between  the  mile-castles  on  the  Roman  Wall  was  73^ 
chains,  or  1,618  yards,  and  he  hence  concluded  that 
this  was  the  length  of  a  Roman  mile.  By  another 
calculation  the  Roman  mile  is  made  to  be  little  more 
than  1,614  yards.  The  late  Mr.  Thomas  Sop  with  found 
that  the  distance  between  the  milestone  at  Chesterholm 
and  the  site  of  the  one  to  the  west  of  it  was  1,698  yards, 
which  is  more  than  the  greatest  length  already  men- 
tioned ;  but  when  he  made  the  measurement,  the 
westerly  stone  was  not  standing,  and  he  may  have  been 
misinformed  as  to  its  original  position. 

**  The  milestones  on  the  Roman  roads  in  Britain  must 
have  been  very  numerous;  but  very  few  have  come 
down  to  our  day.  This  is  not  to  be  wondered  at. 
Until  the  days  of  Macadam,  the  roads  in  England  were 
kept  in  a  most  disorderly  state.  To  fill  up  some  chasm 
in  the  way,  a  mass  of  stone,  such  as  a  Roman  milliary 
consisted  of,  would  prove  most  valuable,  and  hence  it 
would  often  be  broken  up  to  mend  the  road.  It  is  only, 
therefore,  in  remote  districts  thatany  could  be  expected 
to  survive  the  lapse  of  fourteen  centuries. 

**  It  is  interesting,  in  foreign  books  of  travel,  to  ob- 
serve notices  of  these  milestones.  Thus,  Dr.  Robinson, 
in  his  Biblical  Researches,  vol.  iii,  p.  415,  states  that  he 
passed  two  Roman  milestones  between  Tyre  and  Sidon, 
and  observed  traces  of  a  Roman  road  between  Sidon 
and  Beyrout.  The  Romans  left  the  same  traces  of  their 
handiwork  everywhere.  In  a  paper  upon  the  Roman 
mUliaries  found  in  Britain,  by  tne  Rev.  Prebendary 
Scarth,  published  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Archaeo- 
logical Institute,  it  is  stated  that  up  to  that  date  (1877) 
fifty-six  had  been  discovered  in  Britain,  but  that  two 
of  these  were  doubtful.  Of  these,  the  earliest  belong 
to  the  reign  of  Hadrian,  of  which  there  were  then  two. 

"  At  our  last  meeting  our  senior  Vice-President,  Mr. 
Clayton,  described  to  us  the  discovery,  near  Cawfield's 


ROMAN    MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES.  281 

Crag  on  the  Roman  Wall,  of  two  other  milliaries,  one 
of  them  of  the  time  of  Hadrian,  the  other  of  Severus 
Alexander." 

Before  proceeding  with  Dr.  CoUingwood  Brace's  paper 
we  will  transpose  a  passage,  which  we  think  it  convenient 
to  introduce  nere  under  the  head  of 

I. — Roman  Milestone  found  in  Llanddeiniolen. 

*'  Before  going  further,  it  may  be  well  to  notice  that 
two  other  milestones  have  been  found  in  this  district  of 
North  Wales.  The  first  is  stated  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  Part  iL  of  vol  65  (year  1795),  page  559, 
to  have  been  lately  found  in  the  parish  of  Llanddeiniolen, 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  to  the  north-east  of  an  old 
building  called  Llys,  at  the  distance  of  about  six 
English  miles  from  Segontium.  The  inscription  being 
rude  and  much  defaced,  has  been  variously  read.  The 
following  versions  of  the  reading  have  been  given  : — 


HL 

.  .  . 

IMP 

IMP 

Q.TRO 

Q  TRO 

CIEOIO 

QECIO 

ISA  S 

ISAO 

ER 

lEP 

*'  Professor  Hubner  {Corpus  Insc.  Lat,  vii,  page  210) 
gives  the  following  probable  expansion  of  it  thus  : 
*  Domino  nOstro  (?)  imperatore  Quinto  Trojano  Decio 
pio  ielice  Augusto  .  .  .  . '  Trojanus  he  considers  to  be 
a  barbarous  spelling  of  Trajanus. 

II. — Roman  Milestone  found  at  Tycoch, 
Carnarvonshire. 

"The  second  was  discovered  at  Tycoch,  some  two 
miles  from  Bangor,  and  nine  Roman  miles  from  Segon- 
tium, old  Carnarvon,  about  the  year  1 806.  The  inscrip- 
tion is  given  as  follows  ; — 


282  ROMAN   MILESTONES   POUND   IN   WALES. 

N  .  VM  .  NC  . 
IMP  .  CAESAR  .  M 
AVKEL  .  ANTONINVS 
PIVS  TI  IX  .  AVG  .  ARAB  . 
.  IX 

This  reading  seems  to  be  slightly  incorrect.  Professor 
Hubner  gives  up'  the  first  line  altogether,  remarking, 
however,  that  it  may  be  the  remains  of  a  former  inscrip- 
tion. The  rest  of  it  may  be  read  in  English  : — *  The 
Emperor  Caesar  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus,  pious, 
happy,  Augustus,  (surnamed)  Arabicus,  Adiabenicus, 
the  high  priest,  .  .  .' " 

III. — Roman  Milestone  found  at  Rhtwiau. 

"  I  have  now  to  call  your  attention  to  the  discovery 
of  another  milestone  in  the  vicinity  of  Aber  in  North 
Wales;  the  inscription  on  it  is  perfect,  and  it  also 
belongs  to  the  time  of  Hadrian.  A  brief  notice  of  the 
discovery  appeared  in  the  Academy  of  the  date  of 
March  3rd,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  W.  Thompson  Watkin,* 
but  my  attention  has  since  been  called  to  the  stone  by 
the  Rev.  E.  W.  Evans,  senior  curate  of  St.  Nicholas',  of 
this  place  (Newcastle-on-Tyne),  and  my  information 
respecting  it  has  since  been  greatly  increased  by  com- 
munications derived  from  the  father  of  that  gentleman, 
the  Archdeacon  of  Merioneth,  and  Mr.  Beedham,  of 
Ashfield  House,  Kimbolton. 

"  The  stone  was  found  near  Aber,  which  is  not  fai: 
from  Bangor,  in  North  Wales.  The  name  of  the  parish, 
in  which  it  was  found  is  Llanfairfechan,  that  of  the 
farm  Rhiwiau-uchaf,  and  the  name  of  the  field  out  of 
which  it  was  dug  is  Caegw&g,  which  in  English  means 
"  empty  field".  The  inscribea  or  upper  part  of  it  was 
lying  about  four  feet  beneath  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
while  only  a  small  portion  of  its  lower  end,  rough  and* 
unhewn,  was  exposed.  It  was  brought  to  light  in 
consequence  of  a  search  for  stone  being  made  wherewith 
to  buUd  a  new  field-wall  in  the  vicinity.     The  earth 

1  See  also  Arch,  Carnh,,  vol.  xiv,  (4th  Scries)  p.  170.  It  is 
indexed  only  as  "  Inscribed  Stone". 


ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES. 


283 


being  removed,  its  artificial  form  was  observed.  The 
parish  clerk  of  Aber  got  to  hear  of  this  'roUer,  and 
Major  Piatt,  who  is  the  owner  of  the  farm,  and  resides 
close  by  at  Gorddinog,  sent  his  team  and  secured  it 
from  base  uses.  All  honour  to  the  parish  clerk,  and 
thanks  to' the  Esquire  of  the  district,  for  making  sure 
of  the  treasure.  The  milliary,  which  is  represented  in 
the  woodcut  shown  below*  is  six  feet  seven  inches  high, 


The 


mscrip- 


and  about  nineteen  inches  in  diameter, 
tion  on  it  is  as  follows  : — 

IMP  .  CAES  .  TRAI 

ANVS  .  HADRIANVS 

AVG  .  P  .  M  .  TR  .  P  .  V 

P .  P  .  cos  .  Ill . 

A  KANOVIO 

M  .  P  .  VIII  . 

which  may  be  thus  expanded  : — *  Imperator  Caesar  Tra- 

'.The  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Newcastle-ou-Tyne  have  kindly 
lent  us  this  wood-block  and  that  on  page  291. 


284  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND    IN    WALES. 

janus  Hadrianus  Augustus,  Pontifex  Maximus,  Tribu- 
nitia  potestate  quintum,  Pater  patrise.  Consul  tertium. 
A  Kanovio  millia  passuum  octo ;'  and  rendered  into 
English  thus  : — '  The  Emperor  Caesar  Trajanus  Hadri- 
anus Augustus,  high  priest,  possessed  of  the  tribunitian 
power,  the  father  of  nis  country,  consul  for  the  third 
time.  From  Kanovium  eight  thousand  paces.'  The 
stone  belongs  to  a.d.  121. 

''The  Eleventh  Itinerary  of  Antonine  describes  a 
road  from  Segonticjm,  Carnarvon,  to  Deva,  Chester. 
No  doubt  all  three  milestones  have  stood  upon  this 
road.  Deva  was  the  garrison  town  that  was  occupied 
for  centuries  by  the  Twentieth  Legion,  styled  the 
Valerian  and  Victorious.  Chester  is  a  Roman  city  yet. 
Its  streets  are  in  conformity  with  the  arrangements  of 
a  Roman  stationary  camp.  If  the  troops  of  the  second 
or  third  century  were  suddenly  coming  to  life,  they 
might  at  once  resort  to  their  own  proper  quarters — 
perhaps  to  the  annoyance  of  the  present  innabitants. 
So  important  a  station  as  Deva  necessarily  had  roads 
leading  directly  to  the  north,  the  south,  and  east  of 
the  island.  And  further,  it  really  was  the  station  which 
travellers  would  make  their  last  resting-place  before  pro- 
ceeding to  Anglesey  and  Ireland.  Passing  along  the 
iteVy  westward,  we  come  to  Conovium,  or  as  it  is  on 
the  milestone,  Kanovium,  the  modem  Caerhun.  Cono- 
vium has  no  doubt  derived  its  name  from  the  river  near 
which  it  stands,  and  which  is  called  by  the  Welsh  the 
Conwy.  RhAn,  King  of  North  Wales,  occupied  the 
Roman  Conovium,  a.d.  560,  and  hence  its  present  name 
Caerhun,  which  means  the  fortress  or  castle  of  Rhun. 
Conovium  is  distant  about  five  miles  from  the  modern 
town  0%  Conway,  and  lies  on  the  west  side  of  the  river 
Conway.  The  parish  church  stands  within  it,  and  is 
probably  built  of  stones  taken  from  the  Roman  buildings. 
Camden  tells  us  that  from  the  spoils  of  Caerhun 
Edward  I  built  the  new  town  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  called  thence  Aber-Conway  (the  mouth  of  the 
Conway).     Numerous  Roman  relics  have  been  found  at 


ROMAN    MILESTONES    FOUND   IN   WALES.  285 

Caerhun,  among  them  a  villa  consisting  of  five  apart- 
ments provided  with  hypocausts.  Pottery  of  all  kinds 
have  been  dug  up,  and  an  amulet  of  curious  workman- 
ship adorned  witn  figures  in  blue  enamel.  In  Gibson's 
Camden  (ed.  1695)  it  is  stated  that  several  tiles  inscribed 
with  the  letters  leg.  x  have  been  found.  The  Twentieth 
Legion  was  for  centuries  located  at  Chester,  hence 
Horsley  thinks  that  these  tiles  have  been  mis-read  for 
LEG.  XX.  Dr.  Hiibner  thinks  that  the  proper  reading 
must  have  been  leg.  ii.  The  second  legion  was  located 
at  Carleon,  in  South  Wales.  The  only  inscription  in 
Britain  mentioning  the  legio  x.  fretensis  is  one  found 
at  Maryport,  in  Cumberland.  The  subject  seems  to 
want  further  investigation.  One  of  the  most  curious 
objects  discovered  here  has  been  a  brazen  shield  of  a 
circular  form,  having  on  its  face  concentric  rings,  and  in 
the  centre  an  elevated  boss  terminating  in  a  sharp  point. 
The  only  metal  used  in  its  construction  is  iron.  Through 
the  kindness  of  the  Venerable  Archdeacon  Evans  I 
have  been  supplied  with  a  careful  drawing  of  it,  by  Mr. 
Barber  of  Bangor.  The  shield  is  about  a  foot  in 
diameter.  It  was  stuffed  in  the  inside  with  hair, 
covered  with  leather.  It  resembles  one  found  on 
the  field  of  Shrewsbury,  where  Hotspur  fell,  and 
which  is  now  in  the  Museum  of  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland at  Alnwick  Castle.  Whether  it  be  of 
Roman  or  Mediaeval  origin  may  fairly  be  considered 
an  open  question.  The  Roman  road  leading  from  CoNO- 
viUM  to  the  coast  is  one  of  great  interest.  Mr.  Beedham 
has  kindly  furnished  me  with  the  following  description 
of  its  course  towards  Aber,  he  having  repeatedly  tra- 
versed it : — '  Leaving  the  station  of  Coxovicjm,  we  come 
into  the  road  from  Conway  to  Llanrwst,  and  take  the 
lane  immediately  opposite  to  us,  this  lane  being  in  fact 
the  Koman  road.  In  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  we 
have  upon  our  left  the  streamlet  called  Afon  Ho,  which 
finds  its  way  into  the  Conway  a  little  to  the  south  of 
the  Roman  station.  We  then  cross  Afon  Ro  and  have 
it  on  our  right  for  a  short  distance ;  we  cross  it  again 


286  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOCND   IN   WALES. 

and  have  it  on  our  left,  our  direction  now  being  some- 
what north-east  until  we  come  to  the  cross-roads.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  in  the  time  of  the  Romans  the 
Conway  was  crossed,  in  whatever  way,  at  the  same  spot 
as  at  present,  namely,  at  Talycafn,  where  the  ferry  now 
is.  The  river  and  the  road  were  alike  protected  on  the 
Carnarvonshire  side  by  an  outwork,  marked  Castell 
upon  the  Ordnance  Map,  and  this  name  may  be  regarded 
as  evidence  of  its  Roman  origin.  The  mound  yet 
remains.  From  this  point  the  station  of  Conoviqm  is 
distant  about  a  mile  to  the  south  in  a  direct  line,  and  it 
was  probably  reached  by  a  road  whose  course  may  be 
fairly  indicated  by  the  present  footpath.  The  road  from 
Talycafn  and  the  road  from  Conovium  unite  at  the  spot 
at  which  we  had  arrived  when  this  digression  began, 
and  which  is  about  two  miles  from  each  of  those  places. 
From  the  point  of  junction  we  bear  westward  through 
the  hamlet  of  Ro,  which  is  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain 
range,  and  from  which  there  is  what  may  be  called  a 
steep  ascent  to  Bwlchyddeufaen.  About  a  mile  from 
the  cross  roads  is  a  farmhouse  called  Buarth,  not  far 
from  which  is  a  very  fine  cromlech,  which  is  or  was  used 
afi  a  place  of  shelter  for  sheep.  Some  distance  beyond 
Buarth  the  road  skirts  Talycafn,  a  mountain  which 
reaches  a  height  of  2,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  We  then  come  to  the  narrow  pass  of  the  Two 
Stones,  or,  as  it  is  called  in  Welsh,  Bwlchyddeufaen. 
Of  the  two  stones,  one  is  still  standing,  and  the  other, 
though  thrown  down,  remains  upon  the  spot  where  it 
used  to  stand.  The  two  stones  are  on  the  highest 
ground,  and  at  a  short  distance  beyond  them  the  road 
is  very  well  defined ;  indeed,  although  we  are  now  in 
the  open  mountains,  no  diflBculty  can  arise  in  tracing  its 
course.  Here  and  there  the  pedestrian  will  stay  to 
examine  its  construction,  where  it  consists  of  an  emliank- 
ment  formed  of  stones  now  grown  over  with  grass.  In 
parts  it  is  sunk  below  the  surface,  giving  the  idea  that 
in  this  case,  as  in  many  others,  the  Romans  adopted 
the  course  of  a  British  track.     The  pass  pointed  out 


ROMAN    MILESTONES    POUND    IN    WALES.  287 

the  natural  entrance  into  the  mountains,  and  the  most 
suitable  course  westward  is  apparent  at  a  glance.  After 
crossing  the  streamlet  marked  Glas-y-Sais  upon  the 
Ordnance  Map,  the  road  skirts  Foel  ganol,  and  is  very 
well  marked  out  and  formed,  and  so  it  reaches  the  brow 
of  Foel  dduarth.  Here  are  many  very  interesting 
remains  belonging  to  the  pre-Roman  period,  and  several 
of  those  sunken  roads  which  1  am  unwilling  to  describe 
as  ditches.  We  then  leave  the  open  unenclosed  moun- 
tains and  pass  through  an  iron  gate,  after  which  the 
road  is  walled  on  each  side  for  some  distance.  Shortly 
after  passing  through  the  gate,  the  stone  paving  of  the 
road  remains,  and  is  plainly  visible  for  a  snort  distance. 
So  the  road  continues  over  Pont  Newydd,  the  river 
which  rises  in  Lake  Anafon  by  its  side  for  a  time, 
through  the  little  village  of  Aber,  past  the  church,  and 
across  the  great  Holynead  road  to  what  is  now  the 
bead).  I  use  this  expression  because  there  can  be  little 
doubt,  if  indeed  there  be  any,  that  in  the  time  of  the 
Romans  the  Lavan  Sands,  as  they  now  are,  were  dry 
land.  Close  by  the  side  of  the  river,  in  the  village  of 
Aber,  is  a  mount  which  is  marked  upon  the  Ordnance 
Map  as  a  tumulus,  but  which  is  very  similar  to  the 
Castell  at  Talycafn,  and  may  not  improbably  have  been 
a  corresponding  defensive  work.  From  the  end  of  the 
road  to  Gallows  Point,  Beaumaris,  the  distance  is  under 
four  miles,  with  the  advantage  of  crossing  the  straits  of 
Menai  in  their  narrowest  part.  A  Roman  road  is  said 
to  run  from  Beaumaris  to  Holyhead,  and  it  would  be 
difl&cult  to  suppose  that  the  Romans  did  not  find  their 
way  from  Aber  into  Anglesey.  The  irruption  of  the 
sea  did  not  take  place  until  a.d.  560,  or  for  upwards  of 
a  century  after  the  departure  of  the  Romans.' 

"  From  Aber  access  was  easily  obtained  to  the  island 
of  Anglesey.  Archdeacon  Evans  informs  me  that  he  re- 
members in  his  youth  seeing  boats  on  fair  and  market 
days  crossing  the  ferry,  anciently  known  as  Porthywygyr, 
at  ebb  tide,  with  men  and  cattle  from  Aber  to  Beau- 
maris, over  the  Lavan  Sands.     In   foggy  weather  the 


268  ROMAN    MILESTONES    FOUND   IN    WALES. 

bell  of  Aber  Church  was  rung  to  guide  travellers.  The 
Bomaus,  no  doubt,  wrought  the  minerals  in  the  Isle  of 
Anglesey.  Quite  a  goodly  number  of  copper  cakes  of 
Roman  manufacture  nave  been  found  in  the  island,  and 
at  Holyhead  is  a  considerable  Roman  work  called  Caer 
Gybi.  From  this  place  the  passage  to  Ireland  is  easy  ; 
and  though  the  Romans  had  no  settlement  in  Ireland, 
Tacitus  tells  us  that  in  his  day  merchants  traded  with 
it.  He  says,  *  Ireland  is  less  than  Britain,  but  exceeds 
in  magnitude  all  the  islands  of  the  Mediterranean.  The 
soil,  the  climate,  the  manners  and  genius  of  the  inhabit- 
ants differ  little  from  those  of  Britain.  By  the  means 
of  merchants  resorting  thither  for  the  sake  of  commerce, 
the  harbour  and  approaches  to  the  coast  are  well  known.' 
{Agricola,  xxiv.) 

*'  The  iter  of  Antoninus  to  which  we  have  referred  is 
continued  from  Aber  to  Carnarvon,  the  Segontium  of 
the  Romans.  The  site  of  this  ancient  city  is  about  a 
mile  from  the  present  town.  It  exhibits  vestiges  of 
Roman  masonry.  Fragments  of  Roman  inscriptions, 
together  with  numerous  coins,  Samian  ware,  and  other 
Roman  remains  have  also  been  found  in  it. 

'*  In  concluding  my  brief  paper,  I  must  remark  that 
in  writing  it  I  have  laboured  under  the  disadvantage  of 
not  personally  knowing  the  district,  but  as  will  be  ob- 
served, I  have  been  greatly  aided  by  those  who  know  it 
thoroughly  and  who  take  a  lively  interest  in  the  subject." 

Thomas  North,  F.S.A.,  communicated  to  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  on  the  8th  March  1883,*  the  following 
account  of  the  discovery  of  this  milestone,  which  is 
interesting  in  supplying  many  details: — 

"A  discovery  of  some  historical  interest,  if  not  of 
importance,  has  just  been  made  in  the  parish  of  Llan- 
fairfechan.  A  party  of  labourers  being  employed  on 
Wednesday,  the  21st  February  last  (1883),  in  clearing 
a  field  of  large  stones,  came  across  the  bin  or  *  nose'  of 

*  Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries^  2Dd  Series,  yoI.  ii,  p. 
263.     Not  issued  until  June  1S84. 


ROMAN    MILESTONES   FOUND    IN   WALES.  289 

one  jutting  out  of  the  ground.  After  picking  and 
digging  round  it  in  the  usual  way,  they  exposed  it  to 
view,  when  it  was  found  to  bear  an  incised  inscription. 
"  I  will  first  describe  the  stone,  and  then  point  out  the 
locality  in  which  it  was  found.  The  stone  is  apparently 
a  piece  of  mill-stone  grit,  which  kind  of  stone  is  not,  so 
far  as  I  know,  found  in  this  neighbourhood.  It  is 
cylindrical  in  form,  slightly  tapering  towards  the  top. 
The  extreme  length  is  6  feet  9  inches  ;  the  diameter 
at  the  base  is  19^  inches  ;  at  the  top,  which  is  not  quite 
circular,  17^  inches  one  way  and  16  J  inches  the  other 
way.  The  incised  inscription,  which  is  formed  of  Roman 
capital  letters,  varying  from  2^  to  2^  inches  in  height, 
and  which  only  occupies  16  inches  of  the  surface  from 
the  top  downwards,  is  : — 

IMP  .  CAES  .  TRAI 

ANVS  .  HADRIANUS 

A  VG  .  P  .  M  .  TR  .  P  .  V . 

P  .   P  cos  .   Ill  . 

A  KANOVIO 

M  .  P  .  VIII 

which,  I  presume,  may  be  extended  thus  : — Imperator 
Caesar  Trajanus  Hadrianus  Augustus,  Pontifex  Maximus, 
TribunitiA  potestate  quintum.  Pater  Patriae,  Consul 
tertium.     A  Kanovio  miilia  passuum  octo. 

"  With  the  aid  of  the  map  of  the  Ordnance  Survey 
almost  the  exact  spot  where  this  milliarium  was  found 
can  be  pointed  out. 

"  High  above  the  turnpike  road  from  Llanfairfechan 
to  Bangor  runs,  at  the  back  of  Gorddinog,  an  ancient 
road  from  this  parish  to  Aber,  and  which  road,  there  is 
every  reason  to  believe,  formerly  extended  to  Bangor, 
and  so  on,  perhaps  to  Carnarvon,  close  to  which  town 
the  Roman  station  Segontium  is  generally  supposed  to 
have  stood.  Leaving  Llanfairfechan,  then,  by  this  road, 
and  proceeding  along  it  until  the  back  of  Gorddinog  is 
reached,  a  lane  turns  sharply  out  of  it  on  the  left  hand, 
and  proceeds  inland  until  a  farmhouse  called  Rhiwiau 

VOL.  XVII.  u 


290  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN  WALES. 

Isaf,  or  the  Lower  Rhiwiau,  is  reached.  In  a  field  on 
this  farm,  near  to  the  lane,  the  Roman  milestone  now 
under  notice  was  found.  Proceeding  on  this  lane,  the 
traveller  soon  finds  himself  on  the  ancient  road — ^well 
deBned  on  the  map — leading  through  the  pass  Bwlch- 
y-ddenfaen,  and  which  will  eventually  bring  him  to  the 
curious  quadrangle  close  to  Caerhun,  which  is  marked 
on  the  map  as  Conovium  [sic].  The  road  through 
Bwlch-y-ddenfaen'is  traditionally  supposed  to  have  been 
a  Roman  one,  but  no  evidence  of  such,  until  the  dis- 
covery of  this  milestone,  was  forthcoming  ;  indeed,  so  far 
as  I  know,  although  it  has  been  conjectured  that  Caer- 
hun was  the  Roman  station  Canovium,  there  was  until 
now  no  direct  proof  of  such  being  the  case.  The  dis- 
covery of  this  stone,  however,  stating  that  its  distance 
is  eight  Roman  miles  from  Canovium,  furnishes,  I  think, 
the  clear  proof  desired,  for  the  distance  from  the  site 
where  it  was  found  to  Caerhun  is  computed  to  be  about 
seven  English  miles.  Should  this  stone  be  accepted  as 
fully  determining  the  site  of  Canovium,  it  may  be 
worthy  of  remark  that  a  similar  milliarium,  bearing  the 
name  of  Hadrian,  and  found  on  the  fossway  near  to 
Leicester  in  1771,  enabled  antiquaries  to  identify  Lei- 
cester with  the  Ratae  of  Antoninus,  which  until  the  dis- 
covery of  that  milestone  was,  at  least,  an  open  question. 

*'  The  stone  has  now  been  removed  to  Gorddinog,  in 
the  grounds  of  which  house,  I  understand,  it  is  to  be 
set  upright  and  preserved." 

Since  the  foregoing  has  been  in  type,  we  have  seen 
Mr.  W.  Thompson  Watkin  s  article  on  "  Roman  In- 
scriptions discovered  in  Britain  in  1883",  in  the  ArchcB- 
ological  Journal^^  where,  after  giving  the  inscription, 
he  remarks : — 

"  This  is  the  earliest  inscription,  bearing  a  date,  as 
yet  found  in  either  North  or  South  Wales,  and  was 
erected  after  the  third  Consulate  of  Hadrian,  a.d.  119, 
between  that  year  and  the  death  of  the  Emperor  in 
A.D.  138^  for  he  was  only  Consul  three  times.  From  the 
^  Vol.  xli,  p.  173,  issued  23rd  July,  1884. 


ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES.  291 

nominative  case  being  used,  we  may  fairly  assume  that 
it  was  set  up  in  a.d.  120,  when  the  Emperor  was  in 
Britain.  The  field  in  which  it  was  found  is  high  up 
on  the  mountain  side,  and  it  is  uncertain  whether  the 
Roman  road  from  Conovium  (Caerhun)  to  Segontium 
(Carnarvon)  passed  close  to  the  site,  though  it  could 
not  be  far  off.  The  name  of  the  former  station  occurs 
on  the  stone  as  Kanovium,  whilst  the  anonymous 
chorographer,  Ravennas,  styles  it  Canubium,  and  the 
Antonine  Itinerary^  Conovium.  The  eight  miles 
marked  agree  well  with  the  distance  of  the  site  of  the 
discovery  from  Caerhun,  which  is  about  seven  English, 
or  eight  Roman,  miles.  The  owner  of  the  ground, 
Major  Piatt  of  Gorddinog,  has  presented  the  stone  to 
the  British  Museum.^ 

"This  inscription  was  first  given  to  the  public  by  the 

present  writer  in  the  Academy  of  March  3,  1883.*   The 

etters   composing    it   vary  from  2^-   to    2^  inches  in 

leight.     It   is  the  fourth    milestone    of  the  reign   of 

Hadrian  found  in  Britain." 

IV. — Roman  Milestone  found  near  Llanfair- 

FECHAN. 

Rev.  Dr.  Collingwood  Bruce  writes  as  follows  : — 
"  The  number  of  Roman  milestones  that  have  sur- 

^  We  enter  our  earnest  protest  against  this  interesting  relic  and  its 
companion,  mentioned  hereafter,  being  taken  out  of  the  locality  in 
which  they  were  found,  and  being  ''consigned  to  the  catacombs"  of 
the  British  Museum.  The  interest  attaching  to  them  will  be  greatly 
lessened,  if  not  entirely  lost,  unless  they  are  kept  in  the  district 
where  they  were  originally  set  up,  and  remained  for  some  sixteen  or 
seventeen  centuries. 

We  venture  to  suggest  that  they  should  be  deposited  in  the 
Museum  of  the  new  Univkksity  College  of  North  Wales,  Bangor, 
and  that  the  authorities  of  that  College  should  make  an  urgent 
appeal  to  the  Government  with  that  object,  which  appeal,  with  the 
sanction  of  Major  Piatt,  we  conceive  could  not  fail  to  be  successful. 

Secs.  op  p.  L.  Club. 

^  See  supra,  p.  288,  whe^e  it  appears  that  Mr.  North  communicated 
the  "  Find"  to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  on  the  8th  of  March  1883. 
That  venerable  but  sleepy  Society  publishes  the  fact  to  its  Fellows 
not  until  fifteen  months  afterwards  (June  1884). 

V  2 


292 


ROMAN    MILESTONES.  FOUND    IN    WALES. 


vived  to  our  day  in  this  country,  notwithstanding  the 
extent  of  the  Roman  roads,  has  not  been  great.  For- 
tunately, however,  the  number  has  recently  been  con- 
siderably added  to.  In  the  spring  of  this  year  our 
revered  Vice-President,  Mr.  Clayton,  contributed  a 
paper  to  our  Transactions  describing  the  discovery  of 
two  upon  his  own  estate  in  the  vicinity  of  Hadrian's 
Wall,  at  Cawfields.  One  of  these  bore  the  name  of 
Hadrian,  the  other  Severus  Alexander.  Shortly  after 
the  reading  of  Mr.  Clayton  s  paper,  I  was  enabled  to 
communicate  to  our  Society  an  account  of  another 
milliary,  also  to  Hadrian,  which  had  been  recently  found 
at  Rhiwiau  Uchaf,  in  the  parish  of  Llanfairfechan, 
North  Wales.  Since  making  that  communication  I  have 
been  informed  by  Mr.  Barber,  of  Penrallt,  Bangor,^ 
of  the  discovery  of  another  milestone  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  former,  which  bears  the  names  of  Sep- 
timius  Severus  and  his  two  sons.  The  inscription  on  it 
is  as  follows  : — 


IMPP  CAES  The  Emperors  Csesar 

L  .  SEP  .  SEVERVS       Lucius  Septimius  Severus, 
pp.  ET  .  M  .  AVR  Father  of  his  Country, 

ANTONiNVs        and  Marcus  Aurelius  Antoninus 
A  VGG  ET  p .        Augusti  and  Publius  [Sep.  Geta]. 


*'Mr.  Barber,  in  writing  to  me,  says  :  '  The  inscription  is 
copied  from  a  cylindrical  grit-stone,  corresponding  with 
the  former  milliary,  but  cut  in  two  immediately  under 

1  See  Arch,   Camh.,  vol.  xiv  (4th  Series),  p.  331,  where  the  dis- 
covery is  alluded  to. 


KOMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND    IN   WALES.  293 

the  lettering.  It  has  just  been  discovered  in  the  same 
field  as  the  former,  and  not  many  yurds  from  its  burying 
place.  This  new  discovery  was  buried  also,  and  deep 
enough  to  escape  the  plough/  This  stone  has  evidently 
originally  borne  the  names  of  Septimius  Severus  and 
his  two  sons.  His  eldest  son  bore  the  name  of  Marcus 
Aurelius  Antoninus,  but  he  was  commonly  called  Cara- 
calla.  His  younger  son  was  named  Publius  Septimius 
Geta.  This  milestone  has  been  put  up  after  Caracalla 
had  been  associated  with  his  father  in  the  empire,  but 
before  Geta  was.  It  will  be  observed  that  after  the 
names  of  Severus  and  Caracalla  we  have  the  letters 
A  V  G  G,  signifying  that  they  both  held  the  office  of 
Augustus.  If  Geta  had  then  been  Augustus,  his  name 
would  have  preceded  these  letters,  and  the  reading 
would  probably  have  been  a  v  g  G  G ;  but  as  it  follows 
them,  and  there  are  only  two  g's,  we  may  conclude  that 
he  only  held  the  position  of  Caesar  at  the  time  this 
milestone  was  erected.  These  circumstances  give  us  the 
comparative  date  of  the  milliary.  Caracalla  was  declared 
Augustus  A.D.  198  ;  Geta  received  the  title  of  Augustus 
A.D.  209.  The  date  of  the  stone,  therefore,  must  be 
prior  to  the  year  a.d.  209.  Now,  as  Severus  and  his 
two  sons  came  to  Britain  in  the  year  a.d.  208,  we  may 
readily  suppose  that  this  stone  was  erected  shortly  after 
their  arrival.  This  milestone  has  evidently  been  broken 
in  the  middle.  It  has  a  diameter  of  1  foot  4  inches,  but 
its  height  is  only  (irrespective  of  a  fragment  of  its  base) 
1  foot  11  inches.  The  other  milliary,  which  I  formerly 
described,  though  it  had  the  same  diameter  as  this,  was 
6  feet  7  inches  high.  It  will  be  observed,  too,  that  we 
have  only  a  single  letter,  p,  of  the  name  of  Geta — 
Publius  Septimius  Geta.  It  is  well  known  that  Caracalla 
hated  his  brother  Geta,  and  that  very  shortly  after  their 
return  to  Rome,  on  the  death  of  their  father,  Caracalla 
had  his  brother  put  to  death.  But  this  did  not  satisfy 
him.  A  decree  was  issued  ordaining  that  Geta's  name 
should  be  struck  out  of  all  the  memorials  of  the  empire. 
It  was  struck  out  of  the  entablature  which  surmounts 


294  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES. 

the  arch  of  Severus  at  Rome,  and  in  several  of  the 
inscriptions  in  our  Society's  possession,  the  same  erasure 
is  evident.  In  obliterating  the  name  upon  the  milestone 
now  under  our  consideration,  it  is  not  impossible  that 
too  much  violence  was  used,  and  that  the  cylinder  was 
broken  in  two.  The  milestone  has  been  sent  to  the 
British  Museum,  and  is  now  under  the  care  of  our 
esteemed  associate,  Mr.  Augustus  W.  Franks.  I  can- 
not help  remarking,  in  conclusion,  how  strongly  these 
stones  point  to  the  impoi-tance  which  the  rulers  of  the 
Roman  Empire  attached  to  this  portion  of  Britain.  It 
would  seem  as  if  the  mighty  Emperors,  Hadrian  and 
Severus,  could  not  advance  to  the  subjugation  of  the 
northern  parts  of  Britain  until  they  had  seen  that  all 
was  safe  in  Wales.  "^ 

Mr.  W.  Thompson  Watkin,  as  to  this  stone,  re- 
marks :* 

**In  July  [1883]  the  upper  part  of  a  second  miUi- 
arium,  dedicated  to  Severus  Caracalla  and  Geta,  was 
found  about  ten  yards  from  the  former  one  [No.  ivj. 
The  extant  portion  of  the  inscription  was  : — 

^  It  is  remarkable  that  the  milestones.  No.  ui  and  No.  iv,  were 
found  within  ten  yards  of  each  other.  This  fact  would  tend  to 
the  inference  that  one  had  been  set  up  in  the  place  of  the  other, 
but  the  dates  attributed  to  the  stones — the  broken  one  being 
A.D.  208,  and  the  perfect  one,  a.d.  121 — rather  militate  against 
this  inference,  as  it  would  be  more  natural  to  suppose  that  the 
perfect  one  had  been  substituted  for  the  broken  one,  which  the  dates 
do  not  admit  of. 

We  give  the  following  remarks  of  Archdeacon  Evans:  "These 
milestones  (No.  ni  and  No.  iv)  stood  nn  either  tide  the  Roman  way, 
about  half-a-mile  away  from  the  hitherto  supposed  track,  and 
aftbrding  a  clear  indication  that  the  Roman  road  went  down  the 
gentle  declivity  towards  Gorddiuog,  and  thence  across  the  sands 
towards  Beaumaris,  Holyhead  being  its  terminus.  Possibly  there 
may  have  been  a  branch  down  the  gorge  of  the  other  river,  with 
minor  divergencies  by  way  of  Llandegai,  as  indicated  by  the  I^cAch 
JStone  (No.  ii),  and  a  path  by  Yr  Achub  (the  Rescue)  towards 
Carneddi,  and  by  Coetmor  across  Rhydlas,  as  hinted  by  H.  Derfel, 
towards  Dinas  Dinorwig." 

2  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  xli,  p.  174. 


ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES.  295 

IMPP  .  CAES(s) 

L  .  SEP  .  SBVERVS 

PP    .     ET    .    M    .    AVR 

ANTONINVS 

AVGG   .    ET  .  P  . 

"  In  the  original  there  is  a  stop  after  the  first  p.  in 
iMPP,  which  is  a  palpable  error.  This  miUiary,  like 
the  other,  is  of  gritstone,  and  of  the  same  diameter 
(16  inches),  but  only  1  foot  11  inches  in  height.  The 
extant  portion  of  the  inscription  reads  :  '  Imp{eratores) 
Cce${ares)  L{ticius)  Sep{timius)  Seveims  P{ater)  P{atri€B) 
et  M{arcus)Aur{elius)  Antoninus  Aug{usti)  et  P{uhlius)\ 
whilst  its  continuation  has  no  doubt  been  * Sep{timius) 
Severus  Geta  Xob{lissimus)  CcBs{ar)  A  Kanovio  M{illia) 
P{assuum)  viii.'  The  stone  has  probably  been  broken 
in  the  attempt  to  erase  the  name  and  titles  of  Geta 
from  the  inscription,  after  the  assassination  of  that 
emperor  in  a.d.  212.  As  only  two  Augusti  are  named 
AVGG,  the  stone  must  have  been  erected  between 
A.D.  198,  when  Severus  created  Caracalla  joint 
Augustus,  and  a.d.  209,  when  Geta  received  the  same 
title,  probably  in  a.d.  208,  when  these  emperors  came 
over  to  Britain,  which  seems  again  confirmed  by  the 
nominative  case  being  used.  It  is  most  probable  that 
both  Hadrian  and  Severus  personally  visited  this 
neighbourhood.  Like  its  companion,  this  stone  has 
been  deposited  in  the  British  Museum."^ 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  four  milestones,  we  find 
an  account  of  several  others  mentioned  in  difierent 
publications,  which  we  shall  proceed  to  enumerate, 
although  our  note  will  be  little  more  than  a  bare  list. 

The  Rev.  Prebendary  Scarth*  writes  in  1877  that 
we  might  naturally  expect  to  find  Roman  milliaries 
more  plentiful  in  Wales  than  in  the  south,  west,  east, 
or  midland  parts  of  Britain,  because  the  Roman  roads 
in  that  country  pass  over  mountainous  tracks,  where 

^  See  ante,  siipra  p.  291,  note  2. 

2  Archaeologkal  Journal,  vol.  xxxiv,  p.  400  (1877). 


296  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES. 

stone  is  abundant,  and  the  lines  of  Roman  road  have 
been  in  many  places  untouched.  Those,  however, 
recorded  by  Professor  Hubner  number  only  seven,  and 
another  given  by  Mr.  W.  Thomson  Watkin  in  the 
ArchcBological  Journal,  vol.  xxxi,  p.  353,  may  be 
added  to  these,  making  eight  in  all  (but  increased  to 
eleven  by  the  two.  No.  ill  and  No.  iv  before  described, 
and  No.  xi  after  mentioned:  The  eight  are  all,  he  adds, 
of  the  third  century  except  one,  which  is  of  the  fourth. 

V. — The  "  Tacitus"  Milliary  Stone  at  Dynevor, 
Carmarth  enshire. 

Mr.  W.  Thomson  Watkin  thus  describes  this 
milliary : — 

'*In  his  account  of  the  milliaries,6r  Roman  milestones, 
existing  in  Britain,  Dr.  Hubner  has  omitted  three 
examples,  each  of  much  interest  [but  only  one  of  them 
is  situated  in  Wales].  In  the  Vice  CambricB  he  should 
have  inserted  a  milestone  found  near  Dynevor,  Car- 
marthenshire, inscribed : — 

imp  .  c 

M  .  CL 

tacito 

P  .  F  .  in 

victo 

AVG . 

**This  inscription  evidently  reads: — ' Imperatori 
CcBsari  Marco  Claudio  Tacito  Pio  Felici  Invicto 
AugustoJ 

**  It  was  first  described  by  Edward  Lhywd,  the  anti- 
quary, in  a  letter  to  the  Rev.  John  Lloyd,  dated  Llan- 
dilo,  December  20th,  1697  (where  it  is  called  "  a  piece 
of  an  altar  dedicated  to  ye  Emperor  Tacitus"),  which 
is  published  in  the  ArcTiceologia  Cambrensis,  vol.  iv, 
third  series,  1858,  p.  346.  This  is  the  only  known 
instance  of  an  inscription  to  the  Emperor  Tacitus 
having  been  found  in  Britain.     The  stone  formed,  at 


V    The    Tacitus    Milliary   Stone. 


AT  Dynevor,  Carmarthenshire. 


-v//f/V/  il'.  Z      ,A.  AP'.' 


^Cf^ACS/'^Se 


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ROMAN   MILESTONES    FOUND  IN   WALES.  297 

the  time  it  was  discovered,  the  corner  of  a  small  farm- 
house near  Dynevor,  but  is  now  apparently  lost/' 

It  is  also  described  in  Lapidarium  WallicB,  p.  98, 
and  is  figured  on  plate  li,  fig.  6. 

Rev.  Prebendary  Scarth  gives  merely  a  list  of  the 
five  milliaries  next  following. 

VI. — The  "Maximino"  Milliary  Stone  found  at 
Port  Talbot. 

This  stone  is  figured  in  Westwood's  Lapidarium 
WallicB,  plate  xxvi,  fig.  1.  It  originally  stood  upon 
the  road  from  Nidum  (Neath)  to  the  southern  Bovium 
or  Bomium  (either  Beverton  or  Ewenny).  Thirty 
years  ago  it  was  found  by  Professor  Westwood  in  the 
Harbour  Master's  oflSce  at  Port  Talbot,  broken  into 
five  or  six  pieces.  It  was  about  5  feet  long  and  1^  foot 
wide,  tapering  at  the  lower  end,  and  was  doubtless 
inserted  upright  in  the  ground.  On  its  face  it  bears 
the  Roman  inscription,  written  in  large  capital  letters 
across  the  stone  : — 

I  M  PC 

FLAVA 

?DM  a  XI 

MINO 

I  NVIC 

TO  AV 

GVS 

Colonel  Francis  thus  speaks  of  this  stone,  which 
"was  found,  in  1839  at  Port  Talbot,  between  Neath 
and  the  Roman  station  of  Bovium.  The  older  inscrip- 
tion, if  we  may  depend  on  the  fidelity  of  the  engraving, 
is  dedicated,  not,  as  some  have  pretended,  to  Maocimian^ 
but  to  Maximin^  who  bears  upon  his  coins  the  title  of 
InvicttLS  (as  upon  the  stone),  which  is  not  found 
on  those  of  Maximian.  The  inscription  as  it  now 
stands  may  be  read  thus  :  *  Imp  .  C .  Fla  .  Val ,  Maxi- 
mino  Invicto  Augusfto].'  But  on  looking  closer  we  are 
led  to  believe  that  the  first  part  belongs  to  a  still  older 


298  ROMAN    MILESTONES    FOUND    IN    WALES. 

inscription,  as  the  C  .  Fla  .  Val  .  (Caius  Flavius 
Valerius)  were  names  which  never  belonged  to  Maxi- 
min,  whose  name  was  Galerius  Valerius.  (The  names 
of  the  two  Maximians  were  Marcus  Aurelius  Valerius 
Maxwiianus  and  Galerius  Valerius  Maodmianus.)  The 
appellation  of  0.  Flavius  Valerius  belongs  to  the  second 
Severus,  and  it  is  probable  that  to  him  this  stone  was 
orighially  inscribed,  but  that  subsequently  his  name 
had  been  erased  to  give  place  to  that  of  Maximin  by 
some  person  who  carelessly  or  ignorantly  overlooked  the 
prenomens." 

The  name  of  the  Emperor  Maximinus  here  recorded 
(with  the  title  Invictus)  also  occurs  in  an  inscription 
found  in  Cumberland,  given  by  Horsley  {Brit,  Rom., 
p.  192,  No.  40),  and  conf.  Hiibner,  Inscr.  LaL,  vii, 
1158. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  stone,  and  evidently  of  a 
somewhat  more  recent  date  than  the  Roman  inscription, 
is  the  following,  written  in  debased  Roman  capitals 
(except  the  h)  : — 

HIC  lACIT  CANTVSVS  PATER  PAVL(?)  NVS 

which,  translated,  may  be  "  Here  lies  Cantasiis,  whose 
father  was  Paulinus".^ 

VII. — The  ''  GoRDiANUs"  Milliary  Stone  found 

NEAR    AbERaVON. 

The  three  figures,  2,  3,  and  4,  on  plate  xxvii  of 
Lapidarium  WallicB,  represent  the  three  inscriptions 
upon  a  Eoman  milliary  stone  which  Professor  Westwood 
found  lying  in  a  carpenter's  shop  near  Aberavon,  which 
had  then  quite  recently  been  discovered  on  the  line  of 
the  Via  Julia  Maritima,  on  the  western  side  of  the 
New  Cut  at  Aberavon,  by  which  the  river  is  discharged 
into  Swansea  Bay.  It  is  about  5  feet  in  length ;  its 
lides  have  not  been  brought  to  a  face  before  cutting 
che  letters,  which   have    been    inscribed  by  a  round- 

*  West  wood's  Lapidarium  Wallicgf  pp.  38  and  39. 


VK.     The    Goroianus    I 
Found   near  k 


ifi"V7    Co  Li     ^OL  XV//. 


^ 


"i 


\ 


MiLLiARY    Stone. 

BCRAVON. 


ro  3£  Mou//r£o  Bsr^££/^  r^  ^•y<9  *  ^'J'J' 


^^  ■       I     "    ^ 


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O 


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X 


ROMAN   MILESTONES    FOUND  IN   WALES.  297 

the  time  it  was  discovered,  the  corner  of  a  small  farm- 
house near  Dynevor,  but  is  now  apparently  lost." 

It  is  also  described  in  Lapidarium  WallicB,  p.  98, 
and  is  figured  on  plate  li,  fig.  6. 

Rev.  Prebendary  Scarth  gives  merely  a  list  of  the 
five  milliaries  next  following. 

VI. — ^The  "Maximino''  Milliary  Stone  found  at 
Port  Talbot. 

This  stone  is  figured  in  Westwood's  Lapidarium 
WallicBy  plate  xxvi,  fig.  1.  It  originally  stood  upon 
the  road  from  Nidum  (Neath)  to  the  southern  Bovium 
or  Bomium  (either  Beverton  or  Ewenny).  Thirty 
years  ago  it  was  found  by  Professor  Westwood  in  the 
Harbour  Master's  oflSce  at  Port  Talbot,  broken  into 
five  or  six  pieces.  It  was  about  5  feet  long  and  1^  foot 
wide,  tapering  at  the  lower  end,  and  was  doubtless 
inserted  upright  in  the  ground.  On  its  face  it  bears 
the  Roman  inscription,  written  in  large  capital  letters 
across  the  stone  : — 

I  M  PC 
FLAVA 
?DM  A  XI 
MINO 
INVIC 
TO  AV 
GVS 

Colonel  Francis  thus  speaks  of  this  stone,  which 
*'wa8  found,  in  1&39  at  Port  Talbot,  between  Neath 
and  the  Roman  station  of  Bovium.  The  older  inscrip- 
tion, if  we  may  depend  on  the  fidelity  of  the  engraving, 
is  dedicated,  not,  as  some  have  pretended,  to  Maodmian^ 
but  to  Maximin,  who  bears  upon  his  coins  the  title  of 
Invictus  (as  upon  the  stone),  which  is  not  found 
on  those  of  Maximian.  The  inscription  as  it  now 
stands  may  be  read  thus :  *  Imp  .  C .  Fla  .  Val .  Maxi- 
mino  Invicto  Augus[to].'  But  on  looking  closer  we  are 
led  to  believe  that  the  first  part  belongs  to  a  still  older 


298  ROMAN    MILESTONES    FOUND    IN    WALES. 

inscription,  as  the  C  .  Fla  .  Val  .  (Caius  Flavius 
Valerius)  were  names  which  never  belonged  to  Maxi- 
min,  whose  name  was  Galerius  Valerius.  (The  names 
of  the  two  Maximians  were  Marcus  Aurelius  Valerius 
MaxwiianiLS  and  Galerius  Valerius  Maximianus.)  The 
appellation  of  0.  Flavius  Valerius  belongs  to  the  second 
Severus,  and  it  is  probable  that  to  him  this  stone  was 
originally  inscribed,  but  that  subsequently  his  name 
had  been  erased  to  give  place  to  that  of  Maximin  by 
some  person  who  carelessly  or  ignorantly  overlooked  the 
prenomens." 

The  name  of  the  Emperor  Maximinus  here  recorded 
(with  the  title  Invictus)  also  occurs  in  an  inscription 
found  in  Cumberland,  given  by  Horsley  {Brit  Rom.y 
p.  192,  No.  40),  and  conf.  Hiibner,  Inscr.  LaL,  vii, 
1158. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  stone,  and  evidently  of  a 
somewhat  more  recent  date  than  the  Roman  inscription, 
is  the  following,  written  in  debased  Roman  capitals 
(except  the  h)  : — 

HIC    lACIT   CANTVSVS   PATER   PAVL(?)  NVS 

which,  translated,  may  be  "  Here  lies  Cantasus,  whose 
father  was  Paulinus".^ 

VII. — The  *'  GoRDiANUs"  Milliary  Stone  found 

NEAR    AbERAVON. 

The  three  figures,  2,  3,  and  4,  on  plate  xxvii  of 
Lapidarium  WallicB,  represent  the  three  inscriptions 
upon  a  Eoman  milliary  stone  which  Professor  Westwood 
found  lying  in  a  carpenter  s  shop  near  Aberavon,  which 
had  then  quite  recently  been  discovered  on  the  line  of 
the  Via  Julia  Maritima,  on  the  western  side  of  the 
New  Cut  at  Aberavon,  by  which  the  river  is  discharged 
into  Swansea  Bay.  It  is  about  5  feet  in  length  ;  its 
lides  have  not  been  brought  to  a  face  before  cutting 
che  letters,  which   have    been    inscribed  by  a  round- 

*  Westwood's  Lapidarium  Walhce,  pp.  38  and  39. 


lai.     The    Gordianus 

Found   nlar 


}fi>^/  COiL.  yoL  yw/, 


\fi,M 


I.      , ' 


<  I 


\  ^  „ 


MiLLiARY    Stone. 

BERAVON. 


4  f-i 


ro  ££  MOi/ffT£^  SSTt^££Af  /»/'  ii^a  I  2:JJ> 


ROMAN    MILESTONES   FOUND   IN   WALES.  299 

headed  chisel.  The  front,  back,  and  one  side  of  the 
stone  bear  inscriptions,  much  effaced.  Portions  of  an 
interment  were  found  below  the  stone,  so  that,  like 
the  votive  stone  of  the  Emperor  Maximinus  discovered 
near  the  same  spot  in  1839-40,  it  had  probably  served 
for  a  gravestone  in  the  ancient  Christian  adjacent 
burying-ground,  known  under  the  Welsh  name  of 
Plattau  yr  hen  Eglwys,  and  owes  to  this  its  pre- 
servation. 

In  the  Kev.  H.  H.  Knight's  "Third  Memoir  on 
Newton  Nottage"  {Arch.  Camb.,  1853,'  p.  231),  it  is 
recorded  that  "the  stone  inscribed  to  the  third 
Gordian  on  one  side  and .  end,  and  to  Dioclesian  on 
the  other,  was  brought  from  Aberavon  after  a  voyage 
into  Swansea  Bay  as  baUast  in  a  pilot  boat.  It  was 
set  up  on  the  lawn  before  the  [Rector's]  house  for  safe 
preservation ;  the  exact  spot  was  chosen  because  it 
once  formed  the  angle  of  the  level  platform  on  Jacklow's 
Hill,  extending  to  the  southward  of  the  present  high- 
way, and  some  bones  were  found  there  in  embanking." 
In  a  footnote  it  is  added  that  "  the  letters  of  this  in- 
scription are  rudely  cut  with  a  round  chisel. '  A  is 
engraved  like  an  inverted  v."  About  twelve  o'clock  on 
a  sunny  day  is  the  best  time  for  reading  it  as  it  is  now 
placed  ;  it  may  then  be  easily  deciphered  as  follows  : — 

IM  PC 

M  AGOR 

DIANVS 

A  VG 

There  are  traces  of  two  other  inscriptions  on  this 
stone.  Gordianus  III,  as  he  is  called,  was  Emperor 
for  six  years.  His  affairs  were  directed  by  the  wise 
counsels  of  Misitheus,  whose  daughter,  Tranquillina, 
he  married.  He  was  treacherously  put  to  death  a.d. 
244,  by  Philip  the  Arabian,  who  succeeded  him,  and 
buried  him  on  the  banks  of  the  Euphrates,  near  Dura. 
(Zos.,  lib.  iii,  c.  14;  FvtropinSy  lib.  ix,  c.  ii.) 


300  ROMAN   MILESTONES   FOUND    IN   WALES, 

In  the  temporary  museum  formed  at  the  Cambrian 
Archaeological  Association  Meeting  at  Caermarthen  in 
1875  Colonel  G.  G.  Francis  exhibited  drawings  of  the 
inscriptions  on  this  stone,  which  were  read  as  fol- 
lows:— 


DAEC 

IMM 

IMPPC 

MAGOR 

CAE 

DIO 

DIANVS 

NO 
L 

OLETI 
ANO 

AVG 

F   A 

MARC 

G 

VRE 
OA 

The  figures  in  plate  xxvii  {Lap,  Wallice)  were  drawn 
from  rubbings  taken  by  Professor  Westwood  in  1846. 
They  are  very  indistinct  in  some  parts  of  the  inscriptions, 
the  first  agreeing  with  Colonel  Grant's  reading,  rather 
than  with  that  of  Mr.  Knight. 

The  letters  in  these  three  inscriptions  differ  con- 
siderably in  size  and  thickness  of  the  strokes,  which 
were  drawn  by  the  camera  frorri  the  rubbings — the 
largest  letter  in  the  Gordianus  inscription  being  four 
inches  high,  and  those  in  the  Diocletian  inscription 
being  only  two  inches.  The  three  also  differ  consider- 
ably in  the  rudeness  of  the  letters,  which  are  all  Roman 
capitals,  some  exhibiting,  a  tendency  to  the  rustic 
type. 

The  casts  of  this  stone,  exhibited  at  the  Abergav- 
enny Meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Association  of 
Wales  in  1876,  were  taken  by  Colonel  Grant  Francis 
immediately  after  its  discovery  at  Port  Talbot,  and 
prior  to  its  purchase  by  the  Rev.  Henry  H.  Knight 
(Arch.  Camh.y  1853,  p.  231),  and  belong  to  the  Swansea 
Museum.  Another  set  were  given  by  him  to  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  and  they,  on  their  removal  from 
Somerset  House,  were,  with  others  of  like  kind,  trans- 
ferred to  the  British  Museum  in  1874-5.^ 

^  Lap,  WalliiT^  p.  41. 


YUr.   The  Piavonius  Victorinus  Milliary  Stone. 


Found  at    Pyle,  near    Neath. 


i^o^rCou.  yoi.  xm 


rar4£i  pj/f/ 


KOMAN    MILESTONES    FOUND    IN   WALES.  301 


VIII. — The  "  PiAVONius  Victorinus"  Milliary 
Stone  found  at  Pyle,  near  Neath. 

In  Colonel  G.  Grant  Francis's  work  on  Neath  and 
its  Abbey ^  we  found  a  notice  of  another  Roman  milliary 
stone,  found  in  the  Via  Julia  Maritima,  between  Nidum 
(Neath)  and  Bovium  (Beverton),  near  Pyle,  which, 
having  been  rescued  from  destruction  by  that  gentle- 
man, has  been  deposited  amongst  the  antiquities  in  the 
Koyal  Institution  at  Swansea.  It  bears  the  inscription, 
as  given  by  Colonel  Francis : — 

IMP 

MCPIX 

VONIO 

VICTOR 

INOXVG° 

The  name  of  Victorinus  recording  one  of  the  thirty 
tyrants,  slain  a.u.c.  1019.  A  number  of  coins  of 
Victorinus  were  found  at  Gwindy,  near  Llansamlet, 
in  June  1835.    (Dillwyn's  Swansea,  p.  56.    Numism.  11., 

The  figure  in  plate  xxvii  {Lap,  Wallice)  is  copied 
from  a  rubbing  by  Colonel  Francis,  reproduced  in 
ArchcBological  Journal,  vol.  iii,  p.  275.  It  was  probably 
erected  by  the  Legion  which  happened  to  be  at  Bover- 
ton  at  the  time  of  the  usurpation  of  Victorinus  in  Gaul 
(a.d.  265,  in  the  time  of  Gallienus),  whose  inscriptions 
(like  those  of  his  contemporary,  Tetricus,  of  which  all 
that  are  known  are  published  in  the  Winchester  volume 
of  the  British  Arcnseological  Association)  are  of  the 
greatest  rarity  and  interest. 

The  present  stone  must  not  be  confounded  with  the 
stone  near  Scethrog,  which  also  bears  the  name  of 
Victorinus.^ 

^  Lap.  WaHicE,  p.  40. 


302  ROMAN    MILESTONES    FOUND    IN    WALES. 


IX. — The  *'Cassianus"  Milliary  Stone  found   at 
Trecastle  Hill,  Brecknockshire. 

This  stone  stood,  before  the  year  1767,  on  the  top  of 
Trecastle  Hill,  having  been  dug  up  near  a  spot  called 
the  Heath  Cock  (Black  Cock,  Jones),  whilst  making 
the  turnpike  road  across  the  hill.  It  is  figured  in 
Gough's  Camden,  vol.  ii,  p.  473,  pi.  14,  fig.  1  (and 
copied  in  Lap.  Wallice),  and  is  given  by  Strange  in  the 
ArchcBologidy  vol.  iv,  p.  7,  and  in  Soue^^  Brecknockshire, 
pi.  12,  fig.  4,  p.  667.     The  inscription  will  read: — 

IMPERATORI   NOSTRO -MARCO  OASSIANO   LATINO  POSTUMO 
FELICI   AUG. 

In  these  works  it  is  stated  to  have  been  removed  to 
Jjlandeilo-fawr  "at  the  expense  of  Mr.  Latham,  a 
supervisor  of  excise,  where  it  was  seen  by  Sir  R.  Hoare, 
but  was  then  so  mutilated  and  defaced  that  only  the 
words,  'Imp.'  and  *Cassiano'  were  then  legible/'  At 
the  Meeting  of  the  Cambrian  Archssological  Association 
at  Llandeilo,  in  1855,  the  stone  was  not  found,  nor  had 
Professor  Westwood  been  able  to  obtain  any  precise 
information  respecting  its  present  situation,  although 
Mr.  Wm.  Rees  {Arch,  Camh.,  1854,  p.  131)  states  his 
belief  that  it  was  built  into  the  wall  of  Uynevor  Park, 
in  which  situation  one  of  his  correspondents  states  it 
was  standing  in  1824.  It  is  No.  1161  in  Hiibner's 
Inscr.  Brit,  Lat,  being  confused  with  his  No.  1162, 
which  latter  is  stated  to  have  been  found  on  the  top 
of  Trecastle  Hill.^ 

X. — The  Capel  Coelbryn  Milliary  Stone. 

This  stone  was  found  by  the  side  of  the  Rojnan  road, 
between  Capel  Coelbryn  and  Mynidd  Hirr,  or  the 
Long  Mountain  (which  road  Mr.  Strange  (Archceologia, 
vol.  iv,  p.  7)  supposed  led  from  Nidum  (Neath)  into 
Brecknockshire.     It  was  a  milliary  stone,  and  was  so 

1  Lap.  Wallio!,  p.  75. 


ROMAN   MILESTONES    FOUND    IN    WALES.  303 

much  defaced  that  only  marc  was  read  by  Mr;  Strange, 
and  which  was  read  in  Gough's  Camden^  pi.  14,  fig.  2 
(copied  into  Lapid,  WallicB)^  as  impc.  This  stone  was 
not  found  by  Mr.  Jones  {Brecknockshire^  vol.  ii,  pi.  12, 
fig.  5),  nor  has  Professor  Westwood  been  able  to  obtain 
any  information  respecting  it.^ 

XL— Roman  Milestone  alleged  to  be  at  Margam, 
Glamorganshire. 

In  Murray's  Handbook  for  South  Wales,  p.  29,  it 
is  said  that  near  Margam,  Glamorganshire,  a  Roman 
milestone  exists,  or  existed,  bearing  the  inscription  : — 

SENATVS   POPVLVSQVE  ROMANVS    VEROMANVS   DVO  .  TITO  . 
DIVI  VESPASIANI  .  F  .  VESPASIANO  AVGVSTO  . 

Mr.  W.  Thompson  Watkin  remarks*  that — 
"  If  a  milestone  with  an  inscription,  anything 
approaching  to  this,  ever  existed  near  Margam,  it 
would  be  the  earliest  in  date  found  in  Britain,  for  it 
would  appear  to  be  dedicated  to  the  Emperor  Titus, 
circa  a.d.  81.  But  to  make  any  sense  of  the  in- 
scription (which,  as  will  be  seen,  is  given  very 
erroneously)  it  is  necessary  to  eliminate  veromanvs, 
which  I  take  to  be  simply  an  accidental  repetition  of 
the  letters  following  Q  in  populvsq(ve),  made  by  the 
copyist,  and  the  word  nvo  should  be  altered  to  divo. 
The  inscription  would  then  run,  translated,  *  The 
Roman  Senate  and  People,  to  the  deified  Titus 
Vespasianus  Augustus,  son  of  the  deified  Vespasiauus.' 
But  I  think  it  highly  improbable  that  an  inscription 
to  Titus,  worded  as  above,  would  be  found  in  Britain." 

An  Inscribed  Stone  at  Caermarthen. 

Mr.  W.  Thompson  Watkin  mentions'  another  stone 
found  at  Caermarthen,  with  the  following  inscription 
upon  it : — 

^  Lap.  WallicB,  p.  75. 

2  ArchcBological  Joui-nal,  vol.  xli,  p.  187. 

•  Ibid.y  vol.  xxxi,  p.  334. 


304  ROMAN    MILESTONES    POUND    IN   WALES. 

BONO 

RP  . 

NATO 

Which  inscription  has  been  found  on  two  other 
stones,  one  of  which  was  found  at  Wroxeter,  and  is 
now  in  the  Shrewsbury  Museum,  and  is  termed  a 
milliary  by  Professor  Httbner ;  but  whether  this  Caer- 
marthen  stone  is  a  milliary  or  not  has  not  been 
ascertained. 


305 


MERCATOKS  AND   SPEED'S   MAPS  AND   DE- 
SCRIPTIONS OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

By  RICHARD   WILLIAMS,  F.R.H.S. 


Gerard  Mercator,  the  celebrated  geographer,  whose 
real  name  was  Kauffman,  of  which  Mercator  is  the 
Latin  equivalent,  and  who  gave  his  name  to  the  method 
of  geographical  projection  now  usually  employed  in  the 
construction  of  nautical  maps,  was  born  in  1512,  and 
died  in  1594.  He  published,  among  other  things,  over 
150  maps,  accompanied  by  letterpress  descriptions  in 
Latin.  One  of  these,  published,  I  believe,  at  Cologne, 
is  now  before  me,  comprising  Westmorland,  Lancashire, 
Cheshire,  Shropshire,  North  Wales,  and  the  Isle  of 
Man.  The  following  is  his  description  of  Montgomery- 
shire : — 

"  Montgomerishire  ad  meridie  Ceretica  et  lladnoria,  ad 
ortem  Salopia,  ad  boreara  Denbigia,  et  ad  occasum  Merionithia 
circamscripta  licet  montibus  plurimutn  e mi  neat,  convallibus 
tamen  grata  foecanditate,  cum  arvis,  turn  pascuis  utique  foelix 
est,  laudatissimorumque  equorum  fcecunda  dim  genitrix;  qui, 
ut  habet  Giraldus,  nobilem  picturse  forruam  'proirahente  natura 
tarn  membrosa  sua  majestatey  quam  iJieomparabili  velocitaie  valde 
cmnmendahiles  fuerunt.  Primarium  hujus  regionis  oppidum 
Mmdgomery,  surgenti  saxo,  cui  anioena  planicies  subjacet  a  Bal- 
daino  limitis  Wallici  praefecto  constructum.  Est  et  Lanueth^ 
lin,  oppidum  mercatorium.  Hie  est  Sabrina  secundum  a  Tamesi 
BritauDisB  flumen,  Seveme  Augli  indigitant.  Hie  statim  a  fonte 
ita  crebris  incurvus  flexibus  agitur,  ut  S89pe  reverti  credatur, 
procurrit  tamen,  seu  potius  lentus  pervagatur  hunc  agrum, 
Salopiensem,  Vigomiensem,  et  Glocestrensem,  vitalemque 
hnmorem  glebas  ubique  suppeditans  in  Sabrinianum  Fretum  se 
tandem  placid^  exonerat.  Hie  etiam  Plinlimon  mens  in  exi- 
miam  exnrgens  altitudinem,  qui  Sabrinam  flumen,  de  quo  modo 
diximus  effundit."     (Montgomeryshire  is  bounded  on  the  south 

VOL.  XVII.  X 


306  MAPS  AND   DESCRIPTIONS 

by  Cardigan  and  Kadnor,  on  the  east  by  Salop,  on  the  north  by 
Denbigh,  and  on  the  west  Merioneth.  Although  it  is  chiefly 
noted  for  its  mountains,  yet  it  has  valleys  of  agreeable 
fertility,  with  cultivated  lands  interspersed  with  pastures; 
and  formerly  it  was  the  fruitful  dam  of  most  highly  renowned 
horses ;  which,  as  Giraldus  has  it,  have  been  greatly  praised  a* 
well  far  the  beauty  of  shape  and  length  of  limb  which  nature  has 
bestowed  upon  them,  a«  also  for  incomparable  fieetness,  Mont- 
gomery, the  chief  town  of  this  region,  rising  upon  a  rock, 
beneath  which  lies  a  pleasant  plain,  was  built  by  Baldwin, 
governor  of  the  Welsh  border.  Lanuethlin  is  also  a  market 
town.  Here  is  Sabrina,  which  the  English  call  Seveme,  the 
second  river  of  Britain  after  the  Thames.  This,  even  from  its 
source,  runs  steadily  along,  crooked  with  frequent  bendings, 
so  that  oftentimes  you  might  imagine  it  to  be  turning  back, 
yet  it  runs  forth,  or  rather  slowly  wanders  through  this 
county,  Salop,  Worcester,  and  Gloucester,  supplying  life- 
giving  moisture  to  the  land  everywhere;  at  last  it  empties 
itself  calmly  into  the  Sabrinian  estuary.  Here  also  Piinlimon 
mountain,  rising  to  a  notable  height,  pours  out  the  river  Severn, 
of  which  we  have  just  spoken.) 

The  map  is  on  a  very  small  scale,  and  few  places 
besides  the  towns  are  shown  upon  it.  Among  these 
are  Talgarth,  by  which  is  evidently  meant  Talerddig^ 
and  Caersuse  ca.  (castle). 

Between  1608  and  1611,  John  Speed,  the  antiquary 
and  historian,  published  a  series  of  Maps  of  English 
and  Welsh  counties,  with  plans  of  towns  and  cities,  and 
descriptions  of  the  counties  appended  thereto.  The  Map 
of  Montgomeryshire  (dated  1610)  has  in  the  margin  the 
following  note ; — "  Described  by  Christopher  Saxton, 
Augmented  and  published  by  lohn  Speed,  and  are  to  be 
solde  in  Popes  head  alley, against  the  Exchange/ London, 
by  lohn  Sudbury  and  George  Humbell.  Cum  Privi- 
legio,  1610."  It  has  also  a  plan  of  the  town  and  castle  of 
Montgomery,  and  an  engraving  of  the  arms  of  "  Phillip 
Herbert  Earle  of  Montgomery,  created  An.  1605."  The 
map  is  tolerably  accurate  on  the  whole,  but  Llanymy- 
nech  is  spelt  lAanuinmothuaye,  a  **  Castell"  is  placed  at 
Caersws,  the  Rhiw  is  made  to  flow  out  of  a  lake 
(apparently  Llyn  Mawr,  Llanwnog),and  the  Long  Moun- 


OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  307 

tain  is  called  Carlion  Hill.  The  following  description 
of  the  county,  appended  to  the  map,  is  both  curious  and 
interesting  : — 

''  MouNTGOMBBYSHiKBjin  the  British  speech  called  Siretrefald- 
win,  and  that  of  the  principall  Towne  Moantgomery,  lyeth 
bounded  vpon  the  North  with  Denbigh-shire,  vpon  the  East  with 
SJiropshire,  on  the  South  with  Radnor  and  Oard/igan-shires,  and 
on  the  West  with  Merionethshire. 

"  2.  In  forme  it  somewhat  reserableth  a  Peare  or  Pine-apple, 
as  it  were  growing  out  of  the  West,  and  rising  thence  with 
many  high  Hilles  and  plentifuU  Springs,  which  water  and 
make  fruitful!  the  Soyle  every  where ;  whose  searching  rilles 
with  a  longing  desire  haste  ever  forward  to  find  an  increase, 
and  to  augment  their  growth  into  a  bigger  body,  whereof  the 
Seueme  is  the  chiefe,  and  the  second  Eiuer  in  the  Land :  whose 
head  rising  from  the  spired  mountaine  Plymllimon,  runneth 
not  farre  without  the  receits  of  other  riuerets  into  her  streame, 
and  with  many  windings  doth  sport  her  selfe  thorow  all  the 
East  part  of  this  Shire. 

"3.  That  this  Riuer  tooke  her  name  from  Abren,  the  beauti- 
fuU  base  daughter  of  Zocrinus,  begotten  out  of  wedlocke  vpon 
Estrildis  the  daughter  of  Humber  the  Scythian  King,  that  in- 
vaded this  Land,  and  both  of  them  drowned  in  this  Riuer  by 
Ouendolena  King  Zocrinus  suruiuing  widow  :  let  leffrey  relate, 
and  Poets  enlarge,  wherof  one  among  them  in  good  account, 
thus  writeth : 

"  *  In  flumen  prsscipitatur  Abren, 
Nomen  Abren  fluuis  de  Virgino,  nomen  eidem 
Nomine  corrupto,  deinde  Sabrina  datur. 

'* '  Into  this  streame  faire  Abren  head- long  cast, 
Gaue  name  of  Abren  to  those  waters  wast, 
Corruptly  calFd  Sabrina  now  at  last. 

"  4.  This  Biuer  maketh  the  East  part  of  this  Shire  for  fruit- 
fulnesse  to  be  compared  with  most  of  the  Land,  and  to  exceed 
any  other  Shire  in  Wales  :  the  west  side  is  more  hilly  and  lesse 
inhabited,  yet  surely  those  mountaines  breed  innumerable  of 
cattle,  especially  of  horses,  whose  portraiture  for  making  and 
incomparable  swiftnesse,  Oiraldus  Oambrensis,  Archdeacon  of 
Breknocke,  doth  greatly  commend. 

'*  5.  The  ancient  Inhabitants  that  were  seated  in  Ouineth  and 
Poivisland,  whereof  this  Shire  was  a  part,  were  to  the  Romaiia 
kuowne  by  the  name  of  Obdovices,  a  puissant  and  couragious 
Nation,  whose  hearts  and  hilles  held  them  the  longest  free  from 

X  2 


308  MAPS   AND   DESCRIPTIONS 

the  yoke  of  subiection,  either  of  the  Romans  or  English ;  for 
vnto  the  dayes  of  Domitian,  they  kept  plea  with  the  Bomans, 
and  were  not  brought  to  the  will  of  the  English  before  the 
raigne  of  King  Edward  the  first.  Those  Obdovices  inhabited 
the  Counties  of  Montgomery,  Merioneth,  Gaemanian,  Denbigh, 
and  Flint,  which  are  of  vs  called  now  North-Wales,  a  people 
generous  and  of  affable  conditions,  goodly  for  feature,  faire  of 
complexion,  couragious  of  minde,  courteous  to  strangers,  and 
that  which  is  most  commendable,  most  true  and  loyall  to  the 
English  Orowne, 

"  Townes  for  Trades  and  commerce  in  this  county  are  sixe  : 
the  chiefest  thereof  and  Shire-Towne  is  Mountgomery,  very 
wholesome  for  ayre,  and  pleasant  for  situation,  vpon  an  easie 
ascent  of  an  hill,  and  vpon  another  farre  higher  mounted,  stands 
a  faire  and  well-repaired  Castle,  from  the  East  Rocke  whereof, 
the  Towne  hath  beene  walled,  as  by  some  part  yet  standing,  and 
the  tract  and  trench  of  the  rest  euen  vnto  the  North-side  of 
the  said  Castle,  may  evidently  be  seene :  whose  Graduation  for 
Latitude  is  placed  in  the  degree  58,  and  for  Longitude  17,  the 
lines  cutting  each  other  in  the  site  of  this  Towne.^ 

'^  This  Towne  hath  lately  receiued  the  honour  and  Title  of  an 
Earledome,  whereof  Philip  Herbert^  the  second  sonne  of  Henry 
Earle  of  Pembroke,  was  created  the  first,  in  Anno  1605.  And 
the  Shire  divided  into  seauen  Hundreds,  wherein  are  seated 
sixe  Market-Townes,  and  fortie  seauen  Parish-Churches ;  the 
names  whereof  are  inserted  in  the  Table  annexed. 


''An  Alphabeticall  Table  of  all  the  Townbs,  Rtubbs,  and 
MEMORABLE  Places  MENTIONED  IN  Mountgomery'shive, 

Htndbeds  in  Mountgomery -tihire.    i  A. 

1.  Meohani.     [Mechain.]  \  Aberhafius,  Kidriom, 

2.  Eare  Eynion.  '  Agaiere,  Tsirad, 

3.  Tetrad  Marchel.  [Thia  seems  to  be  the  Ga6r,  between 

4.  Eidriom.     [Oedewain.]  Montgomery  and   Forden  Sta- 

5.  Kery.  tiona.] 

6.  Tkrostly.    [Arwystli.]  Angle  flu. 

7.  Kyfy.    Log.     [Cyfeiliog  ]  [The  river  Angell,  which  flows  into 

the  Dovey  above  Cemmes.] 


^  According  to  the  present  mode  of  computation,  the  latitude  of 
Montgomery  is  52"  33'  30",  its  longitude  3*  9'  west  of  Green- 
wich. 

2  He,  in  April  1630,  succeeded  his  elder  brother  William  as  fourth 
Earl  of  Pembroke. 


OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


309 


B. 

Bacho  flu. 

Barre,  Llyn,  Throst, 

Beohan  flu. 

Begelyn,  Llyn.,  Kyfy. 

Beryw,  Kidriom. 

Berechlaid,  Tkrost 
[Berthlwyd,  Llanidloes.] 

BettuB,  Kidriom. 

Biga  flu. 

Brethen  hill,  Tstrad, 

Brughan  flu. 
[The  river  Brochan,  which  joins  the 
Dulas,  a  tributaiy  of  the  Severn, 
about  a  mile  and  a  half  above 
Llanidloes.] 

Buttington,  Tstrad, 

C. 
Caersuse  Castle,  Tkrost. 
[Caersws  is  in  the  Township  of 
Esgob  and  Castle,  but  there  is 
no  trace  of  a  castle  near  it  now.] 
Carlion  Hill,  Tstrad. 
[This  is  probably  Caer  Digoll,  or 
the  Beacon  Ring,  on  the  top  of 
the  Long  Mountain.] 
Camo  flu. 

Churchstoke,  Tstrcid. 
Cregynog  Hall,  Kidriom. 
Castle  Engerrimon,  Kare. 


Doleuoren  Castle,  Kidriom, 

Domoll  flu. 
[The  Demol  is  a  tributary  of  the 
Wye,  and  forms  for  upwards  of 
two  miles  the  boundary  between 
Montgomeiyshire  and  Radnor- 
shire.] 

Dorowen,  Kyfy. 

Dulas  flu. ) 

Dulas  flu.  >  8 

Dulas  flu.  ) 
[There  are  four  Montgomeryshire 
streams  bearing  this  name, — one 
enters  the  Severn  near  Llanid- 
loes; another  enters  the  same 
river  near  Newtown,  and  the 
other  two  fall  into  the  Dovey,  one 
from  the  right  bank  and  one  from 
the  left  bank,  a  short  distance  to 
the  east  of  Machynlleth.] 

Dungum  flu. 

G. 
Garthbeibio,  Kare. 


[Glaslyn.] 
Guedall  flu. 

[The  Gwidol,  which  flows  into  the 
Dovey  opposite  Llanwrin.] 
Gogh  Castle,  Tstrad. 

[CasUll  Coeh^Fowia  Castle.] 

H. 
Haus  flu. 
[The  Havesp,  a  tributary  of  the 
Severn,  about  three  miles  above 
Newtown.] 
Heldrav,  Tstrad. 
[Heldre  or  Ucheldre,  near  Butting- 
ton.] 
Himant,  Mech. 
Hyssington,  Ysirad. 

K. 

Eamo,  Tkrost. 
Keeidfa,  Tstrad. 

[Cegidfa  =  Guilsfleld.] 
Kernes,  Kyfy. 
Kerig  flu. 

[The  Caerig  flows  into  the  Dovey 
near  Mathafam.] 
Kery,  Kery. 

L. 
Llanbrim  Maire,  Kyfy. 
Llanddosilio,  Mech. 
Llanddynam,  Tkrost 
Llandissil,  Kidriorn. 
Llandrenio,  Tstrad. 
Llanfair,  Kare. 
Llanfilltn,  Meeh. 
Llanfynhonwen,  Tstrad. 

[Chirbury.] 
Llangadfan,  Kare. 
Llangirrich,  Tkrost. 
Llangunocb,  31ech. 
Llangynyw,  Kare. 
Llanllochaiame,  Kidriom. 
LlanUygan,  Kidriom. 
Llansauntfred  yn  Mecham,  Meek. 
Llanuthin,  Mech. 
Llanuaier  ynghar  eynion,  Kare. 
Llanuyhangell  ynghery,  Kare. 

[Kerry.] 
Llanwryn,  Kyfy. 
Llanwunog,  Tkrost. 
Llanwyddelan,  Kidriom. 
Llantdlobs,  Tkrost. 
Llany  Rewic,  Kidriom. 
Llanyruil,  Kare. 
Lleduig  flu. 

[The  small  stream,  Lledan,  which 
flows  through  Welshpool  into  the 
Severn.] 


310    MAPS  AND  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 


Leighton,  Tstrad. 

Lleaenant  flu. 

Lloyd  flu. 
[A  branch  of  the  Olywedog,  a  tri- 
butary of  the  Severn,  which  it 
joins  at  Uanidloefl.  The  LI  wy  do 
is  mentioned  in  Gwenwynwyn's 
charter.] 

Lloydyerd,  Mech. 

M. 
Machenlleth,  Kyfy. 
Maismaure,  Tatrad, 
Manafon,  Kidriorn. 
Mathauern,  Kyfy. 
Mathrauall  Hall,  Kare. 
Meifod,  Meeh. 
Middleton  Hall,  Kery. 
Moghtree,  Kery. 
MONTOOMBBY,  Tstrad. 
Moyluadion  Hill,  Kyfy. 
Mulle  flu. 

Penant ) 


Mylangell        ) 


Mech. 


N. 


Nbwtownb,  Kidriorn, 


Penegos,  Kyfy. 

Welsh  )  ^  ^^ , 
Poole  {  ^'*^' 

Penprice,  Throst 

[Park  Penprice,  Llanwnog.] 
Penstrowed,  Tkrost. 
Plymllymon  Hill,  Kyfy, 


R. 
Riaderflu.     [Rhaiadr.] 
Rue  flu.    [Rhiew.] 


Seuerns  head,  Kyfy. 
Seueme  flu. 

T. 

Tagarell  Chappell,  Tkroat. 
[Talerddig  Chapel,  Llanbrynmair. 
There  is  no  trace  of  this  now.] 

Tanot  flu. 

Taramon  flu.    [Tarannon.] 

Towyn  myn  flu.  [Twymyn,  Llan- 
brynmair, a  tributary  of  the 
Dovey.] 

Trefegloes,  Throst. 

[Trelystan.] 
Tregynon,  Kidriorn, 
Turgh  flu. 


Vurnuey  flu. 


V. 


W. 


I   Wurway  flu. 

I       [The  Vymwy.] 

I  Wye  flu. 

Y. 
Llanuihangell  )  M^t  w 

Ynghronfa.  [Yn  Ngwynfa.]  |  ^'^'"^ 


311 


ON  A  LIBRARY  OF  CHAINED  BOOKS  AT 
CHIRBURY.* 

By  WILLIAM   WILDING,  Montgomeky. 


There  is  a  library,  of  which  we  propose  to  give  a  short 
account,  now  in  the  school-house  of  the  parish  of 
Chirbury,  Shropshire,  consisting  of  books  which  bear 
dates  on  their  title-pages,  ranging  from  1530  to  about 
1684,  with  a  few  words  as  to  the  man  who  is  believed 
to  be  the  founder  of  it.  The  books  are  207  in  number, 
and  not  only  do  they  bear  evident  marks  of  having 
been  "chained"  (i.e.,  fastened  by  means  of  an  iron 
chain  attached  to  the  upper  and  outer  corner  of  the 
binding  of  each  book),  but  some  of  such  chains  are 
found  with  them. 

We  propose,  first,  to  mention  a  few  of  the  more 
curious  and  interesting  of  the  books,  and  to  call 
attention  to  the  names  and  notes  in  manuscript  which 
some  of  them  contain,  and  which  may  possibly  give  a 
clue  to  their  former  owners ;  then  to  state  what  is 
known  of  the  existence  of  a  chained  library  within  a 
short  distance  of  Chirbury;  and  this  more  especially 
with  a  view  to  consider  whether  these  books,  or  any  of 
them,  formed  part  of  such  library;  then  to  describe 
the  chains;  and  lastly,  to  say  a  few  words  as  to  the 
man  (once  vicar  of  the  parish)  who  is  believed  to  have 
founded  the  Chirbury  Libraty. 

I.  First,  as  to  the  books.  They  are  for  the  most 
part  theological,  but  some  are  of  a  secular  character. 
The  following  are  before  the  meeting : 

^  Reprinted  by  permission  from  the  Journal  of  the  British  Archceo- 
logical  Association^  vol.  xl. 


312  LIBRARY   OF   CHAINED   BOOKS 

1.  .A  black-letter  folio  copy  of  Chaucer,  "  printed  by 
Adam  Islip  at  the  charges  of  Thomas  Wight.  Anno 
1598.'*  It  has  two  prefaces:  one  addressed  to  the 
readers,  and  the  other,  by  Francis  Beaumont,  "  to  his 
friend  T.  S.'\  with  a  poetical  dialogue  between  the 
author  and  the  reader.  It  is  dedicated  to  Sir  Robert 
Cecil.  Then  follow  the  poet  s  life,  "  The  Canterbury 
TaW,  "The  Romaunt  of  the  Rose",  the  prose  trans- 
lation of  "Boethius  de  Consolatione",  "The  Bookes  of 
Troilus",  "Certaine  Ballades";  and  it  ends  with  (what 
is  to  very  many  the  most  useful  part  of  the  book) 
"the  hard  words  of  Chaucer  explained."  It  bears 
evidence  not  only  of  the  chains  which  secured  it,  but 
a  name,  "Ed.  Herbert",  in  manuscript  (possibly  the 
autograph  of  its  former  owner),  and  numerous  manu- 
script marginal  notes,  evidently  those  of  a  reader  who 
appreciated  his  author. 

2.  The  next  worth  notice  is  a  folio  copy  of  Bishop 
Jewel's  "  Defense  of  his  Apology".  The  title-page  runs 
thus :  "A  Defense  of  the  Apologie  of  the  Churche  of 
England,  by  John  Jewel,  Bishop  of  Salisburie.  Im- 
printed at  London,  in  the  Fleete  Street,  at  the  sign  of 
the  Elephante,  by  Henry  VVykes,  anno  1570,  16  Junii, 
cum  gratis",  etc.  The  title-page  bears  the  name,  in 
manuscript,  but  nearly  erased,  "  George  Herbert". 

3.  Another  curious  book  is  a  volume  of  Lent  sermons 
by  a  Spanish  monk.  It  is  without  date,  but  dedicated 
thus:  ''To  the  two  noble  Knights,  John  Strangeways 
and  Lewis  Dive,  in  acknowledgment  of  his  own  true 
love  and  respect,  Don  Diego  Prede  dedicateth  these 
his  Indeavoures." 

4.  A  book  that  bears  not  only  names,  but  numerous 
manuscript  notes,  is  an  edition  of  Pliny's  Natural 
History,  of  1532.  The  names  are  "Thos.  Corbett. 
Libris.  Ed.  Lewis".  It  is  of  this  Edward  Lewis  of 
whom  we  shall  have  occasion  to  speak  as  the  founder 
of  the  Library. 

5.  We  then  have  a  copy  of  Usher^s  Annals,  "Annales 
Veteris  Testamenti  a  primA   mundi  origine  deducti" 


AT   CHIRBURY,  313 

(1650),  with  the  name  and  a  date  m  manuscript, 
•* Henry  Herbert,  1657,  April  y®  28";  and  again,  "Ex 
libris  Hen.  Herbert." 

6.  Among  the  theological,  or  quasi-theological,  books, 
is  one  containing  a  series  of  sermons  preached — some 
before  the  Lords  and  some  before  the  Commons — by 
Dr.  Samuel  Torshell  and  others. 

There  are  several  other  volumes  of  sermons,  preached 
before  one  or  other  of  the  Houses  of  Parliament.  The 
only  other  book  we  would  mention  is  a  copy  of 
Plutarch's  Lives,  in  parallel  Latin  and  Greek  columns. 
A  catalogue  of  all  the  books  is  before  the  meeting. 

IT.  We  will  now  speak  of  the  chained  library  which 
is^  known  to  have  existed  at  Montgomery  Castle  (from 
which  Chirbury  is  three  miles  distant),  and  of  a  record 
of  its  having  been  placed  there  by  a  member  of  the 
family  of  Herbert ;  and  of  that  family,  he  who  is  best 
known,  both  by  his  character  and  writings,  George 
Herbert,  the  poet  and  divine.  In  doing  so,  however, 
we  may  have  occasion  to  question  the  entire  accuracy 
of  his  biographer,  Isaac  Walton,  when  he  speaks  of  the 
library  in  Montgomery  Castle  as  having  been  "  burnt 
by  the  late  Rebels  and  so  lost  to  posterity". 

In  almost  the  last  paragraph  of  Walton's  Life  of 
Herbert,  after  mentioning  the  marriage  of  Herbert's 
widow  to  Sir  Robert  Cooke  of  Highnam;  he  concludes : 
''This  Lady  Cooke  had  preserved  many  of  Mr.  Herbert's 
private  writings,  but  they  and  Hignnam  House  were 
burnt  together  by  the  late  Rebels,  and  so  lost  to 
posterity ;  and  by  them  was  also  burnt  or  destroyed  a 
choice  library  which  Mr.  Herbert  had  fastened  with 
chains  in  a  fit  room  in  Montgomery  Castle,  being  by 
him  dedicated  to  the  succeeding  Herberts,  who  should 
become  the  owners  of  it" 

It  may  not  appear  generous  to  doubt  the  entire 
accuracy  of  a  statement  such  as  this,  made  by  one 
whose  admiration  of  the  character  and  works  of  George 
Herbert  would,  it  may  be  thought,  lead  him  to  more 
than  ordinary  care  when  speaking  of  an  incident  such 


314  LIBRARY   OF   CHAINED   BOOKS 

as  this,  although  it  involves  mention  of  those  towards 
whom  he  entertained  very  different  feelings.  But  to 
say  the  least,  it  is  a  singular  fact  that  a  collection  of 
books,  which  had  once  been  secured  by  chains,  still 
exists  within  a  short  distance  of  the  ruins  of  the  build- 
ing in  which  there  is  a  distinct  record  that  such  a 
library  was  placed  by  George  Herbert ;  and  that  one  of 
them,  JeweVs  Defense^  is  the  work  of  his  own  bishop 
(Bemerton,  as  we  know,  being  but  a  short  distance 
from  and  in  the  diocese  of  Salisbury).  The  date  on 
this  title-page  is  1570  (Herbert  was  bom  in  1593,  and 
died  in  1632);  but  it  is  probable  that  the  half-erased 
MS.  name  on  the  title-page  is  not  his,  but  that  of  his 
uncle,  George  Herbert,  of  New  Coll.,  Oxford. 

We  have  previously  mentioned  that  the  Chaucer 
bears  in  MS.  the  name  of  its  former  owner,  **  Liber  Ed. 
Herbert ";  but  it  is  questionable  whether  this  "Edward 
Herbert"  is  Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury,  the  poet's  eldest 
brother;  and  it  is  suggested  that  it  is  more  probable 
that  the  signature  is  that  of  his  cousin.  Sir  Edward 
Herbert,  sometime  attorney-general,  and  afterwards 
Lord  Keeper  of  the  Great  SeaV  to  whom  the  book 
may  have  belonged. 

Some  of  the  books  bear  the  name,  in  MS.,  of  Henry 
Herbert.  The  only  one  of  the  name  about  that  time 
was  a  younger  brother  of  Edward,  Lord  Herbert  of 
Chirbury,  and  of  George  Herbert — of  whom  Lord 
Herbert  thus  speaks  in  his  autobiography : — "  Henry, 
after  he  had  been  brought  up  in  learning,  was  sent  by 
his  friends  to  France,  where  he  attained  the  language 
of  that  country  in  much  perfection;  after  which  he 
came  to  court,  and  was  made  Gentleman  of  the  King's 
Privy  Chamber  and  Master  of  the  Revels." 

The  doubt  as  to  the  MS.  names  of  George  and 
Edward  Herbert  being  those  of  the  poet  and  of  his 
elder  brother  respectively,  does  not  lessen  the  prob- 
ability that  the  books  which  we  have  attempted  to 
describe  were  some  of  those  which  Walton  says  George 
1  Clarendon,  iii,  688. 


AT   CHIRBURY.  315 

Herbert  plaxjed  in  Montgomery  Castle,  although  we 
doubt  whether  they  were,  as  he  says,  *' destroyed  by 
the  late  Rebels". 

III,  We  will  now  say  a  word  as  to  the  chains  by 
which  the  books  were  secured.  Each  chain  seems  to 
have  consisted  of  a  series  of  about  sixteen  iron  links, 
each  about  two  inches  long,  one  end  of  the  chain  being 
attached  by  an  oval  link  to  the  book,  and  the  other  by 
a  round  link  to  a  horizontal  bar  of  iron,  which  was 
placed  across  the  cabinet  (if  so  it  may  be  called)  in 
which  the  books  were  placed.  About  the  middle  of 
each  chain  is  a  swivel,  obviously  to  enable  the  reader 
to  turn  and  otherwise  handle  the  book. 

There  may  be  other  and  similar  chained  libraries ; 
but  we  will  only  mention  one,  and  that  in  the  same 
diocese  as  Chirbury,  viz.,  in  the  cathedral  of  Hereford, 
the  chains  being  similar  to  those  at  Chirbury. 

IV.  We  conclude  with  a  short  notice  of  the  Rev. 
Edward  Lewis,  vicar  of  Chirbury,  and  by  whom  this 
library  was  placed  there.  He  was  inducted  into  the 
vicarage  in  1629,  the  year  in  which  the  earliest  existing 
register  of  the  parish  commences,  and  was  buried  there 
on  the  31st  October  1677,  thus  holding  the  living  for 
forty-eight  years,  during  one  of  the  most  trying  periods 
of  the  Church's  history.  He  seems  to  have  been  a 
man  of  exemplary  charity  and  piety,  but  his  pronounced 
Puritan  opinions  exposed  him  to  persecution  from  his 
Royalist  neighbours.  In  those  days  Captain  Pelham 
Corbet  held  Caurse  and  Lee  Castles  in  the  name  of  the 
king,  and  hearing  that  Mr.  Edward  Lewis,  vicar  of  the 
parish  of  Chirbury,  a  very  godly  man,  did  preach  twice 
a  day,  he  sent  a  party  of  horse  out  of  his  garrison  and 
commanded  them  to  Chirbury,  who  chose  a  time  when 
the  people  were  at  church  on  the  Lord's  Day,  October 
11th,  and  placed  some  of  the  horse  for  guards  about 
the  churchyard,  for  fear  of  Montgomery  Castle  and 
garrison,  about  two  miles  off ;  and  the  people  rid  into 
the  church,  to  the  great  fright  and  amazement  of  the 
people,    men,    women   and   children,    and    with   their 


316  LIBRARY   OF   CHAINED   BOOKS 

pistols  charged  and  cocked  went  up  into  the  pulpit, 
and  pulled  down  Mr.  Lewis,  pulling  and  tugging  him 
in  a  most  unworthy  manner.  They  also  went  to  Mr. 
John  Newton  of  Heightley,  a  justice  of  the  peace, 
his  pew,  pulled  out  him  and  his  eldest  son,  and  some 
other  godly  people,  which  they  carried  away  prisoners 
to  Corbet,  their  governor;  and  so  left  the  people  with- 
out their  pastor,  because  they  would  not  be  content 
with  one  sermon  a  day;  noio  to  be  without  any  at  all.^ 
[This  from  Nathaniel  Wallington  s,  of  St.  Leonards, 
Eastcheap,  **  Notices  of  Events  m  the  Reign  of  Charles 
V\  quoted  in  the  Sheriffs  of  Shropshire.'] 

How  long  Mr,  Lewis  was  detained  prisoner  by 
Captain  Corbet  we  do  not  know,  but  his  sufferings  did 
not  quench  his  charity,  for  we  find  that  by  deed  bearing 
date  the  14th  of  April,  27  Charles  II  (1675),  he 
founded  a  free  school  for  the  children  of  Chirbury  and 
Forden,  and  conveyed  certain  lands  to  trustees  for  its 
support.  The  schoolhouse  he  built  on  the  church- 
yard, which  was  very  extensive,  being  the  burial 
ground  attached  to  the  old  monastery,  the  monks 
of  which  had  retained  the  rights  of  burial  from 
the  adjoining  parishes  of  Forden,  Montgomery,  and 
Churchstoke. 

Probably  no  one  much  cared  about  trespass  on  the 
churchyard,  or  interfered  to  prevent  the  rights  of  the 
parishioners  being  invaded;  at  any  rate  the  schoolhouse 
was  built,  and  a  right  of  way  to  it  in  course  of  being 
established,  before  anyone  awoke  to  the  fact  that  a 
serious  trespass  had  been  committed.  The  Rev.  John 
Harding  preferred  a  suit,  at  the  instance  of  the  Mayor 
and  School  of  Shrewsbury,  for  waste  committed  on  the 
churchyard,  against  the  Rev.  John  Farmer,  the  school- 
master. This  suit  was  met  by  a  curious  compromise, 
at  the  mediation  of  Henry,  Lord  Herbert  of  Chir- 
bury, a  memorandum  of  which  is  preserved  at  Powis 
Castle. 

'  See  Mont  Coll,,  vol.  xiv,  p.  313 ;  Mid  vol.  ix,  p.  116. 


AT   CHIRBCTRY.  317 

Puritan  as  he  was,  the  fast  days  of  the  Church  seem 
to  have  been  duly  observed  under  the  rule  of  Mr. 
Lewis,  and  indulgence  duly  granted  for  good  and 
sufficient  cause,  as  will  appear  from  an  interesting 
extract  with  which  we  conclude  our  notice  of  his 
life. 

''4  Julii  1641.  Leave  granted  to  Mr.  Peter  Middle- 
ton  to  eate  flesh,  forasmuch  as  it  doth  manifestly  appear 
that  the  gentleman  is  visited  with  a  dangerous  sickness 

and  of  long  continuance due  nourishment  without 

eating  of  flesh,  which   by   authority   is. Vicar   of 

Chirbury  doe  by  virtue  of  a  statute  made  5  Elizabeth 
grant  unto  the  said  Peter  Middleton  to  eate  flesh  during 

the  time  of. the  condicion  of  the  aforesaid  statute 

mentioned.     In  witness  whereof. presente. 

"Edwd.  Lewis,  Vicar.'' 


318 


LIBRARY   OF    CHAINED    BOOKS 


CATALOGUE  OF  BOOKS   IN   THE   LIBRARY 
AT    CHIRBURY    SCHOOL 

Taken  Feb.  10,  1859. 


Augufltine'B  Works,  v.  1  (1569),4  (1569), 
6(1569),  10(1569) 

Annotationa  on  New  Test.,  1  v.  (imper- 
fect) 

Assersol  on  Philemon,  1  t. 

on  Numbers,  1  v. 

Aresius'  Problems,  1  v.,  1583 

on  Four  Gospeb,  1  v.,  1580 

on  the  Epistles,  1  v.,  1596 

Adams  on  1st  and  2nd  Peter,  1  v.,  1633 

on  2nd  Peter,  1  v.,  1633 

Works,  1  v.,  1630 

Andrew  Hyperius  on  St.  Paul's  Epistles, 
Iv.     T.  W. 

Andrews'  Pattern,  1  v. 

Sermons,  1  v.,  1629 

Acts  of  Synod  of  Dort,  1  v. 

Ainsworth^B  Annotations  on  Genesis,  1 
v.,  1616 

on  New  Test. 

Arminius'  Works,  1629 

Arrowsmith's  Sermons,  1643 

Annotations  on  Old  Test,  (imperfect) 

Beza's  Works,  1  v.,  1576 

1  v.,  1582 

Beza  on  New  Test.,  1  v.,  1582 

Bellarmine,  31x1  v. 

Disputations,  1  v.,  1608 

Barlom  on  2nd  Timothy,  1st  and  2nd 
Chapters,  1  v.,  1632 

Bayne  on  Ephesians,  1  v.,  1645 

Byi6eld  on  1st  Peter,  1  v.,  1623 

Burroughs  on  Hosea,  1  v. 

on  Moses'  Choice,  1  v.,  1641 

Bernard  on  the  Psalms,  1  y.  (Bernard 
Guateri) 

Burgess'  Sermons,  1  v.,  1641 

on  17th  Psalm  (missing) 

Babington  on  Numbers  and  Deuterono- 
my, 1  v.,  1615 

Boys'  (Dean)  Works,  1  v.,  no  date.  In 
MS.  1631 

Burgess'  Sermons,  1  v.  (title-page  torn, 
date  gone) 

Bernard's  Works,  1  v,,  1566 

Browning*s  Sermons  (published  by  Mar- 
tyn) 

Calvin's  Institutes,  1  v.,  1568 

duplicate  of  ditto,  1  v.,   1658, 

"  Ex  Libris  Jacobi  Peace,  Wentworth" 


Calvin  on  the  Twelve  Minor  Prophets 
1  v.,  1567 

on  Psalms,  1  v.,  1664 

on  Romans,  1  v.     T.  W. 

on  Pentateuch,  1  v.,  1563 


-  on  Jeremiah,  1  v.,  1563 


Chrysostom,  v.  2,  3,  4,  5,  1558 
Chillingworth's  Religion  of  Protestants, 

1  v.,  1638 
CoQsius  on  Mineralogy,  1  v.,  1636 
Cowper's  (Bp.)  Works,  1  v.  (late  Bishop 

of  Galloway),  1629 
Chaucer,  1  v.,  1598 
Cameron's  Myrothecium,  1  v. 
Caudrey's  Sermons,  1  v.,  1648 
Censure  of  Confession  of  Remonstrance, 

by  Leyden  Professors,  1  v.,  1626 
Chumradus    Pellicanus,    Index    Bibii- 

orum,  1  v.,  1537 
Chrysostom's  Indices 
Downam's    Christian    Warfare.    1    v.. 

T.  W.  ' 

Antichrist,  I  v.,  1620.     "Uber 


Ed.  Lewis. 
Dictionarium   Historium  et  Poeticum, 

1  v.,  1581 
Dedacus  (Stella)  on  Luke,  1  v.,  1612 
Daynal's  History  of  England,  1  v.  (title- 
page  wanting ) 
Davanant  on  Colossians,  1  v.,  1627 
Estins  on  the  Epistles,  1  v.,  1640 
Ezekiel,  by  W.  G.,  1  v. 
Erasmus  on  the  New  Test.,  1  v.,  no  date 

Paraphrase,  1  v.     T.  W. 

Elton  on  Romans,  1  v.,  1622 

on  7th  Colossians,  1  v.,  1620 

Emmanuel  on  Bible,  1  v.,  1601 
Fitzherbert,  Office  of  Justice  (title  want- 
ing) 
Fox  on  the  Revelation,  1  v.,  1587 
Fuller's  Rheims  Testament  of  Reputa- 
tion, 1  v.,  1601 
Featley  and  Day's  Funeral  Sermons.  I 

v.,  1640 
Farendon's  Sermons,  1  v.,  1647 
Field's  Church,  1  v.,  1606 
Greesham  on  various  subjects  (missing) 
Gough's  Concordance,  1  v. 

on  Hebrews,  1  v.    T.  W. 

1  v.,  1655 


AT   CHIRBURY. 


319 


Gerard's  Harmonica  Evangelica,  1  y., 
1628.    "  Liber  Ed  Lewis" 

€hreenhill's  Ezekiel  of  Exposition,  vi, 
yii,  viii,  ix 

Oumal's  Christian  Armour,  1  v.,  1653 

Ouicardine,  1  v.  • 

Oatacre's  Sermons,  1  v.,  1687 

Gassendie's  Works,  1  v. 

Ethics  on  Plutarch,  1  v. 

Oandin's  and  others'  Sermons,  1  v., 
preached  before  the  House  of  Com- 
mons 

Gills'  Sacred  Philosophy,  1  r.,  1635 

Greenham's  Counsel,  1  v. 

Huron's  Sermons,  1  v. 

HUderson  on  51st  Psalm,  1  v.,  1635 

Hall's  (Bp.)  Works,  1  v.,  1628 

Harris'  Way  to  Happiness,  1  v.,  1632 

Hederic's  Lexicon,  1  v.,  1789,  in  MS. 
"  In  Libris  Samuelis  Hendri." 

Hardy  on  1st  Epistle  of  John,  1  v., 
1656 

Heylen's  Theology,  1  ▼.,  1654 

Holdershaw's  Lectures  on  St.  John  4th, 
1629 

Jeronym  Inquisitor  on  Pentateuch,  1  v., 
1689 

John  de  Peneda  on  Job,  1  v.,  no  date. 
T.  W. 

duplicate  of  ditto,  1  v.,  1605 

Jermen  on  Proverbs,  1  v.     T.  W. 

Junius  and  Tremellius  on  Old  Test,  1  v., 
1596 

Jewell's  (Bp.)  Defence  of  Apology,  ]  v., 
1570 

Lallol  and  Fisher,  1  v.,  Relation  of  Con- 
ference (title-page  wanting) 

lightfoot's  Sermons,  1  v.,  1645 

Lake's  (Bp.)  Sermons,  1  v.,  1629 

Leviasi  (Jesuit)  on  Acts,  1  v.,  no  date 

Lent  Sermons  by  a  Spanish  Monk,  1  v. 

Maxmin's  Concordantia  Vulgate,  1  v. 
T.  W. 

Merandulus  Works,  1  v.,  no  date 

Maldonati  Commentarium,  1  v.    T.  W. 

Martyr  (Peter)  on  Judges,  1  v. 

Romans,  1  v.,  1568 

Mivior's  Lives  of  Roman  Emperors,  1  v., 
1628.  In  MS.  William  Morgan  Ed. 
Higgins 

Martyr  on  IstCorinthians,  1  v.,  l551,4to. 

Martyn's  Sermons,  1  v. 

Meller  on  Isaiah,  1  v. 

on  Psalms,  1  v. 

Musculus  on  Genesis,  1  v.,  1554 

on  St.  Matthew,  1  v.,  1556 

on  the  Psalms,  1  v.,  no  date 

on  St  John,  1  v.,  1580 

on  Romans  (no  date  on  title- 
page).     In  MS.,  1562,  February  26th 


Mayer  on  New  Test.,  1  v.,  1631.  In 
MS.,  on  fp.,  1657.  "  Ex  Libris  Hen. 
Herbert" 

Marshall's  Sermons,  1  y. 

Manton  on  St.  James,  1  y. 

Martoratus'  Exposition,  1  y.,  1561 
I  v.,  no  date 


Nicholson  on  the  Creed,  1  v.,  1661 
Otes  on  St.  Jude,  1  v. 
Polyanthia  Nova,  1  v.  (imperfect).    T.W. 
Plutarch's  Morals 

Lives.     Greek  and  Latin  parallel 

pages,  1624 
Perkins'  Works,  v:  2,  1617 

(T.  W.  ?)  1612 

on  Tradition.     T.  W. 


Parens  on  Genesis 

on  Matthew 

on  Revelation 

on  Hosea 


Purchas'  Pilgrims,  v.  1,  1625 
v.  2,  1625 


Purchafl'  Pilgrims,  v.  3,  1625 
Presson's  Saint's  Qualification,  1633 
New  Covenant,  1634 


Phillips  on  first  four  chapters  of    St. 

Matthew,  1607 
Pemble's  Vindicite,  1629 
Pliny's  Natural  History,  1582.     In  MS., 

Tho.  Corbett,  1624 
Primanday's  French  Academy,  no  date. 

T.W. 
Parecbola.     Oxford  Statutes,  Oct.  1740 
Rogers'  Naaman 

Sermons,  1644 


Royard's  Homilies 
Revetus  on  Genesis 

on  Hosea 

Reynolds'  Three  Treatises 
Reformatio  Legum  Ecclesiasticarum 
Smith  on  the  Creed 

on  Leviticus.     T.  W. 


Sympson  on  2nd  Peter,  1632 
Stillrngfleet's  Origines  Sacrse,  1663 
Stock  and  Torshallon  Malachi 
Septuagint  (imperfect) 
Saunderson's  Sermons,  1656 
Szegedonis  Loci  Communes 
Saint's    CordiaL      Sermons    by    many 

authors,  1629 
Stephens'  (Henry)  Concordance,  1600 
Summary    of     Axioms     Ecclesiastical. 

T.  W. 
Shute's  Sermons  on  16th  Genesis,  1649. 
Spanheim  Dubia  Evangelica 
Seamon's  Sermons,  1647 
Torshall's  and  others'  Sermons 
Tiviss'  VindicisB,  Amsterdam,  1632 
Taylor's  (Bp.)  Jeremy  Ductor  Dubitan- 

tium,  1660 


320  LIBRARY  OF  CHAINED  BOOKS  AT  OHIRBURY. 

Usher*!    Annals,    1650.     In    MS.,   No. ,  Willett  on  Daniel 

1657,  "  Ex  Libris  Hen.  Herbert";  also    Williams'  True  Church,  1629 

on   previous    page,   "  Hen.   Herbert,  1 (Bp.)  Antichrist  Revealed,  1661 

1657,  April  ye  20"  |  Walker's  Homilies,  1670 

Wilson  on  Romans  i  Weemse  on  Ceremonial  Law 

Walton  on  Isaiah,  1533  | Exenitationes,  1632 

on  Oalatians,  1576  Walter  on  Acts,  1569 

on  St.  Luke,  1688  ! on  the  twelve  Minor  Prophets 

on  Romans,  1590  !      1566 

Willey's  Synopsis  of  Popery,  1614  Whitacre  on  the  Sacraments,  1624 

Willett  on  Romans,  1620  '  Ward  on  Matthew,  1640 


-  on  1st  Samuel,   1624.     In  MS.,  i  Wolfe  on  Esdras,  1684 


"Edw.  Froysell"  Whitaker's  Sermons,  1646,  4to. 

■on    Genesis,  '1682.       In    MS.,    Young's  Latin  Dictionary,  1774 


"  Nil  rectum  qd.  non  a  deo  directum,"    Zanchius'  Tracts,  1603 

Jobs.    Ailmer   (below),    1688  ;  Hen.    on  Kphesians,  1600 

Herbert,  1677  Attributes,  1598 

on  Genesis,  1605  ;  Creation,  1602 

on  Exodus,  1608  . on  the  Trinity,  1573 

-  on  Leviticus,  1631.     In  MS.  on    Sliscellanies 


fp.,  1657,  "Ex  Libris  Hen.  Herbert" 


321 


A   PAROCHIAL    HISTORY    OF    LLANFAIR 
CAEREINION. 

By  EDWARD  PENTYRCH  GITTINS.* 


V. — Folk  Lore. 


'  Twlly  miher. — On  the  steep  and  craggy  side  of  Moel 
Pentyrch,  at  a  little  distance  from  the  summit,  there  is  a 
cavernous  hole  called  the  hole  of  the  Gwiber,  It  may  be 
reached  by  climbing  with  care,  and  which,  when  come 
to,  will  be  found  to  be  a  resting-place  that  well  repays 
the  labour,  for  it  commands  some  very  fine  views  across 
the  country.  ** Here'',  the  old  people  say,  "lodged  a 
beast,  a  scourge  and  terror  to  man  and  animals, — a  long- 
tailed  sort  of  two-footed  dragon  serpent,  with  scaly 
wings,  that  lived  on  human  and  animal  hlood.  Its 
destruction  was  compassed  by  erecting  a  stout  post, 
painted  red,  and  full  of  sharp  iron  spikes,  upon  a  con- 
spicuous spot  where  the  dragon  could  see  it,  and  where 
the  morning  sun  would  bring  out  its  brilliant  red  colour. 
This  was  done  in  a  field  near  CefngoU,  and  put  up  over- 
night. Red  was  a  colour  which  highly  excited  these 
creatures.  When  the  morning  sun's  rays  shone  upon 
the  post,  the  beast  flew  at  it  with  great  speed,  and 
beating  itself  violently  against  it,  was  mortally  wounded 
by  the  spikes.  After  this  a  Gwiber  never  troubled  the 
neighbourhood."  This  legend  is  a  duplicate  of  the 
Gwiber  story  of  Llanrhaiadr  yn  mochnant.  These 
legends,  I  believe,  are  numerous  in  Wales,  but  not  all 
the  same.  Perhaps  they  were  invented  as  fables  by 
the  monkish  fraternity,  who  itinerated  through  the 
country,  as  allegories,  to  illustrate  religious  principles. 

^  Continued  from  Mont.  ColLy  vol.  xvi,  p.  378, 
VOL.  XVII.  Y 


322  A   PAROCHIAL   HISTORY   OF 

Ghosts. — There  were  four  ghosts  which  appeared  to 
trouble  some  particular  spots ;  those  were,  Yspryd  y 
Brynglas,  Yspryd  y  Derwteg,  Yspryd  Coedygraig, 
and  Yspryd  Melinygrug. 

Yspryd  y  Brynglas. — This  ghost  made  ite  appearance 
in  the  wood  and  hedge-row  on  the  road-side  near  the 
house,  in  the  form  of  a  small,  shining,  flickering  light, 
and  always  in  the  way  the  Squire  of  Brynglas,  a 
Mr.  Price  Devereux,  came  home  from  town  or  village. 
It  always  uttered  in  a  dismal  tone  the  warning  and 
prophetic  words,  ''Dial  daw,  Dial  dav)  (Vengeance 
follows,  vengeance  follows).  It  was  a  customer  that 
gave  much  anxiety  and  fright,  especially  to  the  people 
of  the  house.  It  was  believed  that  its  mission  and 
the  burden  of  its  speech  had  reference  directly  to  the 
owner,  who  lived  on  the  carousal  side  of  life,  and  who 
never  came  home  from  the  village  without  being  jolly- 
drunk  ;  and  as  it  was  the  belief  that  if  any  person 
could  speak  to  a  spirit,  it  would  ever  after  cease  to 
trouble,  for  it  was  currently  reported  that  every  spirit 
had  some  mission  to  tell  to  the  sons  of  earth.  Now,  it 
is  said  that  the  Squire  mustered  courage  to  do  this 
piece  of  business,  first  fortifying  himself  to  the  task 
with  the  other  sort  of  spirits,  and  so  went  up  to  the 
terrible  thing  and  asked  for  explanation ;  but,  having 
his  heart  in  his  throat,  could  only  say  inquiringly, 
"Pa  hi-yd  V  (When  ?)  to  which  the  spirit  replied,  "Fn 
amser  y  gorwyrion  y  daw''  (In  the  days  of  the  great 
grand-children  it  will  come).  The  voice  after  this  was 
heard  no  more.  It  is  maintained  that  the  prediction 
uttered  by  the  spirit  came  to  pass.  The  last  of  that 
fumily  name  who  was  owner  of  Brynglas  was  said  to 
be  one  of  the  great-grandsons,  and  who  "went  through 
the  estate",  as  the  phrase  goes. 

Yspryd  y  Derwteg. — This  ghost  was  of  the  mis- 
chievous goblin  kind,  which  delighted  to  terrify  people 
who  kept  late  hours  out ;  and  w^as  seen,  or  rather  heard, 
only  on  the  other  side  of  the  hedge  of  the  old  road 
leading  to  the   house.     It   made  no  utterances,   but 


LLANFAIR   CAEREINION.  323 

showed  its  presence  by  making  a  rustling,  unpleasant 
noise  with  the  branches. 

Yspiyd  Coedygraig. — This  ghost  had  no  head  visible, 
but  a  body  dressed  after  human  fashion,  a  coat  of  the 
narrow-tail  style  with  yellow  buttons,  knee-breeches, 
also  with  yellow  knee-buttons.  It  walked  in  advance 
of  persons  about  ten  or  twelve  yards,  and  could  never 
be  overtake^,  as  it  kept  always  the  same  distance  off. 
It  was  supposed  to  be  the  shade  of  some  departed 
person  from  the  locality,  having  a  message  to  some  one 
or  about  something,  yet  unable  to  divulge  its  secret,  for 
no  one  could  go  sufficiently  near  to  speak  to  it. 

Yspryd  Melinygrug. — This,  again,  was  a  ghost  ap- 
pearing after  the  fashion  of  a  man,  riding  on  a  grey  or 
white  horse,  crossing  and  recrossing  the  road  through 
the  hedge.  "  There  was  a  clanging,  dismal  sound  of  a 
chain  always  to  be  heard  with  it.  It  was  supposed  to 
be  the  spirit  of  a  departed  person,  with  his  prison 
chains  on,  having  permission  to  visit  its  old  country, 
and  to  have  a  warning  message  to  bear  ;  but  this  was 
never  told,  because,  appearing  in  a  form  that  was 
frightening,  no  one  would  approach  to  ask  of  it.  It 
was  the  most  troublesome  spirit  of  the  lot,  and  caused 
greatest  frights  among  the  people. 

Einion  Yrth  and  his  Harp. — This  is  a  romantic 
story,  and  has  its  duplicate  in  other  Welsh  localities, 
with  variants  as  to  persons  and  details,  and  the  embel- 
lishments which  are  the  coinage  of  a  fanciful  brain. 
Einion  Yrth,  as  the  stoiy  comes  down  to  us,  lived 
at  Rhiwyrth,  in  Caereinion.  He  went  from  home  to 
prosecute  a  war,  lost  the  battle,  and  was  taken  prisoner 
and  shut  up  in  a  prison  house,  where  no  tidings  could 
be  sent  to  his  friends ;  he  was  kept  there  for  years. 
His  long  absence  from  home,  and  no  tidings  to  be  had 
about  him,  gave  rise  to  the  tale  that  he  was  dead. 
This  being  so,  his  widowed  lady  in  course  of  time 
accepted  reluctantly  the  overtures  of  another  hand, 
and  was  on  the  point  of  entering  into  wedlock  again. 
But  in  the  course  of  the  preceding  day,  or  the  morning 

Y  2 


324  A    PAKOCHIAL   HISTORY   OF 

of  the  very  day  which  was  to  see  her  united  to  her 
second  lord,  there  appeared  a  stranger  on  the  scene, 
who,  from  fatigue  of  travelling  and  dress  and  altered 
form  and  visage,  was  unrecognised.  To  the  old  hall  he 
went,  in  time  to  join  the  throng  and  minstrels  who  had 
come  to  make  merry  on  the  occasion.  He  asked  permis- 
sion to  try  his  hand  on  the  harp,  which  was  granted. 
The  lady  was  pleased,  for  he  had  struck  some  chords 
which  revived  pleasant  memories.  She  brought  him  a 
harj)—heT  "Einion's  harp",  as  she  said  it  was,  which 
she  had  kept  in  memory  of  him,  and  asked  him  to  play 
on  that.  The  stranger  lowly  bowed  as  he  took  it, 
tuned  its  strings,  and  then  swept  his  fingers  along  them ; 
but  when  he  struck  some  favourite  airs,  he  sang — she 
had  not  heard  those  notes  since  Einion  left — she  gazed 
at  him  with  earnest  looks,  and  declared  he  was  none 
other  than  Einion,  and  the  recognition  became  mutual. 
Greater  then  was  the  rejoicing  than  before  ;  the  old  lord 
had  returned,  and  a  change  came  over  the  scene. 

Old  Games  and  Customs. — On  Trinity  Sunday  in 
each  year,  the  population,  old  and  young,  assembled  in 
large  numbers  around  the  '*  Witch's  Well"  {Ffynon  y 
wrach),  to  drink  the  water,  which  they  sweetened  with 
sugar,  and  to  play  at  different  games  of  chance. 
Pitch-and-toss  is  named  as  one,  and  the  peculiarity 
with  this  was,  that  a  silver  half-crown  piece  was  the 
only  coin  allowed  to  pitch  and  to  toss  with.  While  the 
game  was  going  by  the  boys  and  young  men,  the  elder 
people  sat  round  to  look  on,  and  whose  province  it  was 
to  relate  some  tale  or  tradition  that  they  had  heard  in 
the  parish,  and  to  recount  the  leading  news,  local  and 
general,  of  the  past  twelve  months.  But  they  did  not 
stick  at  this  ;  some  daring  genius  would  even  attempt 
to  tell  what  would  or  should  take  place  up  to  the  next 
year's  meeting. 

Funeral  Customs. — When  a  person  of  some  wealth 
and  respectability  died,  it  was  the  custom  on  the  day  of 
the  funeral  to  serve  out  hot-spiced  ale  to  the  mourners ; 
and  a  special  brewing  was  generally  made  for  the  occa- 


LLANFAIR   CAEREINION.  325 

aion,  which  was  commenced  immediately  after  the 
death  took  place.  A  special  baking  of  cakes  was  also 
made,  and  on  the  day  of  the  funeral  a  man  w^as  ap- 
pointed to  stand  by  the  house-door  to  invite  the  friends 
who  came  '*  to  bury"  into  the  house  to  drink  of  the 
prepared  drink.  Again,  when  the  coffin  was  brought 
out  and  laid  down  on  the  bier  at  the  door,  the  man 
wentrougd  with  the  cakes,  having  an  attendant  woman 
who  served  out  the  drink,  and  all,  old  and  young,  were 
expected  to  partake  of  the  same.  Another  person 
handed  a  cup  of  the  drink  over  the  coffin  to  some  old 
lady  in  -the  group,  who  was  called  forward  ;  she,  after 
muttering  in  a  low  voice  a  blessing,  then  drank  its  con- 
tents. This  cup  was  called  the  "  diodles\  At  the 
porch  of  the  churchyard  the  procession  was  met  by  the 
church  singers,  called  Y  Sahnwyr  (the  Psalmists),  led 
by  the  parish  clerk,  who  gave  out  a  psalm  or  hynan, 
prefacing  this  same  by  an  exhortation,  "  Canwnfawl  i 
Dduw'^  (Let  us  praise  God).  The  procession  then 
restarted  and  proceeded  thus  into  the  church,  singing. 
Again,  after  the  coffin  had  been  deposited  in  the  grave 
and  when  it  was  nearly  covered  in,  the  clerk  announced 
that  the  Salmivyr  were  going  to  a  certain  public- 
house  which  he  named,  and  that  the  friends  of  the  de- 
ceased who  had  come  to  bury,  would  go  to  another 
public-house.  At  those  houses  drink  was  drawn,  pay- 
ment for  the  same  being  made  by  a  collection  among 
those  present,  and  absentees  sending  their  subscription, 
which  was  called  a  **  shot".  The  publican  then  drew 
so  much  drink ;  this  drunk,  a  second  *'  shot"  was  fre- 
quently made.  The  upshot,  at  the  end  of  the  day,  was 
frequently  a  quarrel  and  a  fight — a  preparation  for 
another  funeral. 

Heaving. — On  Easter  Monday,  here,  as  in  other 
parishes,  men  and  boys  went  out  in  strong  groups  to 
heave  the  women  and  girls  one  year,  and  the  next  year 
the  women  and  girls  went  out  to  heave  the  men  and 
boys.  Some  neighbouring  parishes  differed  from  the 
custom  here.     In  those,  the  alternation  was,  the  men 


326  A    PAROCHIAL   HISTORY   OF 

went  out  Monday,  and  the  women  on  the  next  day, 
Tuesday,  every  year.  The  heavers  always  expected  a 
gratuity.  Frequently  the  occasion  was  made  for  a 
benefit,  the  money  being  given  to  some  very  deserving 
person,  or  who  had  suffered  a  loss  of  a  horse,  or  cow,  etc. 

Charms, — {Clwy'vedau  ii;/an.)— The  means  of  ascer- 
taining if  anyone  was  suffering  under  this  ailment  was 
by  a  woollen  thread;  a  length  was  measured  from  the 
elbow  to  the  tip  of  the  finger  ;  sometimes  two  or  three 
lengths  were  measured ;  this  was  tied  round  the  neck 
of  the  sick  person.  The  measurements  were  afterwards 
compared,  and  if  the  thread  showed  that  it  was 
shortening,  the  person  was  pronounced  to  be  suffering 
from  the  Clwy^  and  when  the  thread  showed  signs 
of  lengthening,  he  was  not  suffering  from  it,  or  the 
disorder  w€is  receding,  the  patient  improving  under  the 
treatment.  A  mixture  or  drug  was  made,  compounded 
of  very  strong  old  ale  and  saffron,  stirred  up  by  an  iron 
rod  made  red-hot.  Some  words  from  Scripture  were 
used  by  the  '*  medicine-man"  or  "  woman".  There  are 
persons  at  the  present  day  who  believe  in  its  efficacy 
and  practice  it. 

Notable  Places. — Race  Course. — Near  the  "  Gaer" 
there  is  an  old  race-course,  partially  within  the  parish 
of  Manafon.  Horse-racing,  it  appears,  was  in  reputa- 
tion at  one  time  here,  and  there  is  now  living  in  the 
village  of  Llanfair  an  old  man  named  Meredith,  who 
owned  a  horse  that  won  at  the  last  race  run  there. 

Wttra  Wen. — At  this  place,  about  three  miles  from 
the  village,  in  the  direction  of  Newtown,  sometime 
about  the  year  1736,  there  stood  a  roadside  inn  or 
tavern,  which  became  notorious  for  the  crimes  com- 
mitted there.  It  was  a  convenient  stopping-place  for 
travellers,  having  "  accommodation  for  man  and  horse". 
The  house  has  long  since  been  taken  down  and  every 
stone  carted  away,  and  the  site  on  which  it  stood  is  even 
uncertainly  pointed  out,  but  it  is  about  half  a  mile 
from  Brynpenarth,  on  the  road  leading  to  FelinNewydd. 
"  Gibbet  Hill"  stands  near  by.     The  house  was  tenanted 


LLANFAIR   CAEREINION.  327 

by  Evan  Huw  Sh6ii  and  his  wfe  Marged  (Margaret), 
who  were  the  criminals.  A  John  Rees  of  Penarth  was 
owner.  The  tale  is  a  black  one,  and  the  incidents  of 
the  crime  which  brought  them  to  justice  are  narrated 
with  some  precision  in  the  neighbourhood.  The  victim 
was  a  Scotch  packman.  He  had  been  lost  from  his 
home,  and  was  last  seen  at  this  house.  Evan  Huw 
Shon  and  his  wife  became  suspected  of  knowing  some- 
thing about  him  ;  but,  one  market  day  after  the  Scotch- 
man had  disappeared,  Marged  Sh6n  had  been  noticed 
wearing  a  petticoat  like  the  material  which  the  Scotch- 
man had  been  oflfering  for  sale  a  day  or  two  previous  to 
his  last  being  seen.  This  was  talked  of  and  aroused 
suspicion,  and  gossip  went  abroad.  Evan  and  his  wife 
became  aware  that  they  were  objects  of  suspicion,  and 
conscience,  that  makes  cowards  of  men,  made  them 
leave  their  house  and  the  neighbourhood.  Their  sudden 
disappearance  provoked  stronger  suspicion,  and  the  con- 
stables immediately  pursued  and  overtook  the  two  fugi- 
tives on  Caer  Howel  bridge,  near  Montgomery.  Marged 
Shon  had  dropped  a  word  one  day  to  a  person  who  had 
come  in  to  have  a  chat  with  them  about  things  in  the 
neighbourhood, — she  hoped  that  John  Bees  (the  land- 
lord) had  not  been  murdered  and  buried  in  their  ground. 
The  two  were  tried  at  Montgomery  Great  Sessions, 
found  guilty  of  the  murder  of  the  Scotchman,  and  exe- 
cuted. After  execution,  their  bodies  were  being  con- 
veyed to*the  place  where  the  crime  had  been  committed, 
to  be  hung  in  chains  and  gibbets.  When  passing 
through  Welshpool,  the  populace  rushed  at  the  cart, 
and  dragged  the  bodies  with  great  indignity  along  the 
street  as  loathsome  things.  They  were  accordingly  gib- 
beted on  the  place  called  "  Gibbet  Hill".  Bef6re  exe- 
cution, it  is  said  that  they  both  confessed  to  several 
murders  and  intended  murders.  In  a  plot  of  ground, 
near  the  site  of  the  old  house,  there  were  to  be  seen 
five  grave-like  mounds,  which  are  said  to  be  the  graves 
of  persons  murdered  by  them.  The  field  is  called  Cae- 
fynwent.     A  workman  of  the  name  of  Richard  Arthur, 


328  A    PAROCHIAL   HISTORY   OF 

while  taking  down  the  house,  found  an  India  silk  hand- 
kerchief with  gold  coin  wrapped  up  in  it.  It  was  sup- 
posed that  the  two  criminals  had  forgotten  to  take  this 
with  them  when  they  left  the  house. 

And  the  following  strange  tale  now  lives  on  the  lips 
of  the  people  in  that  neighbourhood,  that  a  young 
couple,  who  were  engaged  to  be  married,  had  arranged 
to  meet  one  another  at  this  inn.  The  young  woman 
kept  her  appointment  early,  and  waited  and  watched 
for  the  coming  of  her  lover  ;  but  when  it  went  to  a  late 
hour,  and  he  not  arriving,  she  retired  to  bed,  but  could 
not  sleep.  After  awhile,  at  a  very  late  hour,  she  heard 
some  one  coming  in,  recognised  his  voice,  but  listened 
very  quietly  to  the  conversation  below.  Both  Evan 
and  his  wife  denied  the  arrival  of  any  young  lady  there 
that  evening.  The  young  woman  could  not  restrain 
herself,  and  rushed  down  to  him.  The  matter  was 
treated  as  a  joke  by  the  parties.  After  their  execution, 
people  believed  that  there  was  a  murderous  intention  at 
the  bottom  of  it.  And  another  tale  is  told.  A  traveller 
arrived  rather  late  in  the  evening,  and  put  up  for  the 
night.  After  retiring  to  his  bedroom,  but  before  he  had 
fully  undressed  to  go  to  bed,  he  heard  his  horse  neighing 
in  a  very  unusual  and  alarming  way.  He  dressed, 
and  went  out  to  the  stable,  thinking  that  the  horse  had 
not  been  properly  cared  for,  and  that  he  wanted  water. 
He  then  took  the  horse  out  of  the  stable  to  the  stream 
close  by  ;  when  he  was  out,  his  master  could  not  get 
him  back  into  the  stable  by  any  means,  neither  would 
he  stay  on  the  premises,  but  dragged  his  master  clear 
away,  who  decided  on  letting  the  animal  have  his 
own  way,  and  both  came  on  to  Llanfair;  and  the  tradi- 
tion is,  that  Evan  Huw  Shon  made  confession  that  it 
was  intended  that  night  to  kill  the  man. 

The  following  not  very  polished  rhyme,  being  a  part 
of  a  ballad  sung  in  the  fairs  and  markets,  preserves  the 
memory  of  the  criminals,  and  purports  to  tell  how  the 
foul  deed  was  committed  on  the  packman. 


LLANFAIII    CAEREINION.  329 

"  Evan  Huw  Sh6n  a  Marged, 

Oedd  galoD  galed  gas ; 
Yn  wr  a  gwraig  briododd, 

Heb  reol  ac  heb  ras ; 
Fe  ddy  wedodd  Evan  giaidd, 

Yn  rhyfedd  wrth  ei  wraig ; 
Mae  hwn  yn  llawn  o  arian, 

Fel  graian  yn  y  graig  ; 
Fe'i  hyuod  annhrugarog, 

A'r  fwyall  finiog  fawr ; 
NeB  oedd  ei  waed  yn  union, 

Fel  afon  ar  y  llawr ; 
A*r  wraig  a  ddaeth  a  chyllell, 

Mewn  garw  ddichell  ddu  ; 
Gorphenodd  ddwyn  ei  fywyd, 

Mewn  penyd  niawr  tra  bu." 

GwiON  Bach  o  Lanfair  Caereinion  nVanslation  from 
The  Mahinogion), — The  date  given  as  tne  time  of  his  ca- 
reer is  470.  There  is  a  saying  of  his  as  follows:  ^^A  glyw- 
aist  ti  chwedl  Gwion  Bach  yn  dangos  deddf  gyfiawn? 
lawn  pob  iawn  lie  ho  iawii'  (Hearest  thou  the  saying 
of  Gwion  Bach,  that  teacheth  the  right  law  ?  Every 
form  is  right,  when  there  is  justice).  In  the  Mahinogion, 
Gwion  Bach  is  shown  as  the  one  that  had  the  care  of 
*'  Ceridwen's  cauldron",  and  the  fable  about  him  is  as  fol- 
lows : — "  Cerid  wen  was  the  wife  of  Tegid  Foel.  They  had 
a  son  named  Morfrau,  and  a  daughter  named  Creirwy, 
and  she  was  the  most  beautiful  girl  in  the  world,  and 
they  had  another  son  named  Afagddu,  the  ugliest  man 
in  the  world.  Ceridwen,  seeing  that  he  should  not 
be  received  amongst  gentlemen  because  of  his  ugli- 
ness, unless  he  should  be  possessed  of  some  excellent 
knowledge  or  strength,  etc. — it  was  in  the  time  oi 
Arthur  and  his  Round  Table-^Ceridwen  had  ordered 
a  cauldron  to  be  boiled  of  knowledge  and  inspiration 
for  her  son.  The  cauldron  was  to  be  boiled  unceasingly 
for  one  year  and  a  day,  until  there  should  be  in  it 
three  blessed  drops  of  the  spirit  s  grace.  These  three 
drops  fell  on  the  finger  of  Gwion  Bach  o  Lanfair 
Caereinion  in  Powis,  whom  she  ordered  to  attend  the 
cauldron.     The  drops  were  so  hot  that  Gwion   Bach 


330   PAROCHIAL  HISTORY  OP  LLANFAIR  CAEREINION. 

put  his  finger  in  his  mouth ;  no  sooner  done,  than  he 
came  to  know  all  things.  Now  he  transformed  him- 
self into  a  hare  and  ran  away  from  the  wrath  of 
Ceridwen.  She  also  transformed  herself  into  a  grey- 
hound, and  went  after  him  to  the  side  of  a  river.  Gwion, 
on  this,  jumped  into  the  rivei'  and  transformed  himself 
into  a  fish.  She  also  transformed  herself  into  an 
otter-bitch,  and  chased  him  under  the  water  until  he 
was  fain  to  turn  himself  into  a  bird  of  the  air.  She, 
as  a  hawk,  followed  him,  and  gave  him  no  rest  in  the 
sky.  And  just  as  she  was  about  to  swoop  upon  him, 
and  he  was  in  fear  of  death,  he  espied  a  heap  of  win- 
nowed wheat  on  the  floor  of  a  barn,  and  he  dropped 
among  the  wheat  and  turned  himself  into  one  of  the 
grains.  Then  she  transformed  herself  into  a  high- 
crested  black  hen,  and  went  to  the  wheat  and  scratched 
it  with  her  feet,  and  found  him  out  and  swallowed  him. 
And,  as  the  story  says,  she  bore  him  nine  months,  and, 
when  she  was  delivered  of  him,  she  could  not  find  it  in 
her  heart  to  kill  him  by  reason  of  his  beauty.  So  she 
wrapped  him  in  a  leathern  bag  and  cast  him  into  the 
sea  to  the  mercy  of  God."  This  was  the  babe  after- 
wards found  by  Elphin,  and  by  him  named  Taliesin. 

Carreg  Arthur  (Arthur  s  Stone),  on  the  border  of 
this  parish,  by  Carreg  Arthur  Farm.  It  is  in  the 
shape  of  a  chair.  Tradition  says  that  it  has  been 
brought  from  Moel  Beutyrch,  a  distance  of  five  miles. 
It  is  about  fourteen  hundredweight,  three  feet  six  inches 
by  two  feet  and  a  half,  and  two  feet  in  depth.  Is 
there  some  connection  between  this  stone  and  King 
Arthur  of  old  ? 


Bronze  Relics  found  on  Foel  Hiradduc. 

CO.    FLINT. 


C.  CoJtr/ssos.  A£:l  . 


/VpAr.  Cm£.   ^01  Xm    rff/'Acs  /P/d/. 


331 


RELICS  FOUND  ON   FOEL  HIRADDUG, 

nr  THi 

COUNTY  OF  FLINT. 


This  mountain  is  about  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the 
ancient  town  of  Rhuddlan,  and  is  situate  principally 
in  the  parish  of  Cwm,  a  small  part  of  the  extreme 
northern  end  being  in  the  parish  of  Dyserth ;  the  ruins 
of  Dyserth  Castle,  or  the  few  stones  remaining  of  it 
on  the  top  of  a  low  hill,  faces  it  n.n.e.,  and  is  about 
three-quarters  of  a  mile  off;  in  the  valley  between 
are  the  ivy-covered  ruins  of  a  small  ancient  church  or 
chapel  called  Siamher-wen,  near  which,  some  years  ago, 
some  Roman  coins  were  found;  while  facing  east,  about 
one  mile  and  a  half  off,  there  is  a  large  tumulus  called 
Gap,  that  has  the  reputation  of  being  the  burial-place 
of  Boadicea. 

In  1872,  while  a  party  of  miners  under  my  direction 
were  making  a  road  on  the  eastern  slope  of  this  moun- 
tain, the  following  articles  of  bronze  and  iron  were 
found  in  my  presence,  and  the  same  having  been  seen 
by  a  friend,  he  was  of  opinion  that  they  would  be  of 
interest  as  an  addition  to  the  collection  in  the  Powys- 
land  Museum.  I  have  therefore  much  pleasure  in 
presenting  them. 

1.  A  thin,  flexible  plate  of  bronze  in  shape  similar  to  part  of 
a  soldier's  helmet. 

2.  A  piece  semi-cylindrical,  and  of  a  cup-shape  in  the 
broadest  and  central  part.  It  is  embossed,  but  it  is  difficult 
to  decide  for  what  purpose  it  has  been  used. 

3.  A  square  embossed  plate  of  bronze. 

4.  A  small  triangular  plate  of  bronze.  These  last  two  are 
thin,  and  embossed,  apparently  by  stamping  (repouss^  work). 

5.  Two  pieces  of  a  sword-blade,  very  much  oxidised,  only  a 
thin  core  of  metal  remaining. 


332  RELICS    FOUND   ON    FOEL   HIRADDUG. 

They  were  found  at  the  northern  end,  on  the  eastern 
slope,  near  the  top  of  the  mountain,  buried  about  three 
feet  deep,  covered  with  rubble  stone,  and  earth, 
strongly  impregnated  with  red  iron  ore.  There  was  no 
tumulus  or  anything  to  mark  the  place.  The  sword- 
blade  was  so  completely  rusted  that  it  broke  into  many 
pieces,  while  the  bronze  articles,  of  a  light  yellow 
colour,  were  bright  as  if  newly  polished.  This  seemed 
at  the  time  so  curious  that  I  suspected  the  presence  of 
gold,  and  was  induced  thereby  to  make  an  analysis  of 
one  of  the  small  triangular  plates,  of  which,  to  the 
best  of  my  recollection,  there  were  four  or  five  of  the 
same  size  and  pattern.  No  gold  was  found,  only 
copper  and  tin,  and  as  a  quantitative  examination  was 
not  made,  the  proportions  were  not  determined.  The 
probability  is  that  these  articles  were  kept  bright  by 
contact  with  the  iron  of  the  sword,  which  would  cause 
an  electro  action. 

Taken  in  connection  with  this  find,  it  may  be  of 
interest  to  mention  that  a  year  before,  about  five  hun- 
dred yards  further  south,  on  the  top  of  the  mountain, 
a  bronze  ring  about  the  size  of  a  wedding-ring, 
together  with  a  small  bone,  were  found  about  one  foot 
below  the  surface.  The  ring  was  extremely  rotten, 
and  broke  into  fragments,  which  were  not  kept. 

These  bronze  articles  have  been  illustrated,  with  the 
view  of  eliciting  the  opinions  of  archaeologists  as  to 
what  they  may  be.  Each  of  the  pieces  of  bronze, 
which  are  drawn  in  the  accompanying  plate  one-si-xth 
the  actual  size,  have  small  holes  perforated  in  their 
margins,  which  indicate  that  they  must  have  been 
fastened  by  nails  to  the  objects  of  which  they  formed 
parts;  but  what  those  objects  .were  it  is  not  easy  to 
decide.  Some  have  thought  they  might  be  portions 
of  a  man's  armour ;  others,  part  of  horse  tackle  or 
furniture. 

M.  A.  Gage,  C.K  &  M.K 

Khuudlan,  17/A  Jiihj  1884. 


333 


WELSH   POOL: 

MATERIALS    FOR   THE   HISTORY   OF   THE    PARISH    AND 
BOROUGH.^ 


Chapter  III  (continued). — The  Almshouse  at 
Welshpool. 

(See  Vol.  XV,  p.  328.) 

Supplemental  Information. — In  the  Charity  Com- 
missioners' Report  of  1838  there  is,  under  their  account 
of,  the  lost  charities  belonging  to  the  parish  of  Guils- 
field,  the  following  item  : — 

"  Thomas  Wifnne^s  Charity. — There  is  in  the  possession  of 
tho  Vicar  an  indenture  bearing  date  the  20th  of  August  1615, 
whereby  Edward  Wynne,  son  and  heir  of  Thomas  Wynne  of 
Garth,  iiSC[.y  in  consideration  of  £45,  part  of  a  sum  of  £67  10^., 
paid  to  him  by  the  said  Thomas  Wynne,  amongst  other  things 
covenanted  with  the  said  Thomas  Wynne  and  with  Thomas 
KyflSn,  Vicar  of  Pool,  and  John  Holland,  Vicar  of  Guilsfield, 
and  their  successors,  to  purchase. an  annuity,  or  annual  rent- 
charge,  of  50«.,  to  be  payable  to  the  said  Thomas  KyflBn  and 
John  Holland,  and  their  successors,  upon  the  1st  day  of  May 
yearly,  (that  is  to  say)  lOs.,  part  thereof,  to  the  said  Thonfas 
Kyffin  and  his  successors,  and  40s.,  the  residue  thereof,  to  the 
said  John  Holland  and  his  successors,  upon  trust,  that  the  sum  of 
10s.  should  be  on  Ascension  Day  yearly  given  unto  the  poor  in  the 
Almshouse  at  Poole  ;  the  sum  of  6s.  Srf.,  more  of  the  said 
50s.,  paid  to  the  Churchwardens  of  Guilsfield,  upon  Trinity 
Sunday  yearly>  towards  the  repair  of  the  Church  of  Guils- 
field ;  and  the  sum  of  33s.  4rf.,  the  residue  of  the  said  50s., 
yearly  on  Whit  Sunday  to  the  Sexton  or  Parish  Clerk,  and 
twelve  of  the  poorest  persons  of  the  said  parish  of  Guilsfield. 
There  is  no  evidence  that  this  rent-charge  was  ever  purchased, 
or  that  any  money  had  ever  been  paid  on  account  of  the 
Charity.'^ 

^  Continued  from  vol.  xv,  p.  360. 


334  WELSH    POOL. 

The  deed  is  not  now  in  the  possession  of  the  vicar 
or  in  the  parish  chest.  Whether  the  charity  ever 
existed  or  not,  the  record  is  valuable  as  showing  that 
the  *'  Almshouse  at  Poole"  was  in  existence  as  far  back 
as  1615. 

Before  this  information  there  was  no  evidence  of  its 
existence  earlier  than  Thomas  Parry's  Will,  dated  the 
2()th  April  1741  (see  Mont.  CoU.,  vol.  xv,  p.  328). 

"The  Almshouse  of  Poole"  is,  therefore,  of  more 
ancient  foundation  than  has  hitherto  been  supposed, 
and  is  more  than  270  years  old. 

Edward,  the  son  of  Thomas  Wynne,  was  the  grand- 
father of  Brochwel  Wynne  of  Garth,  and  is  now  repre- 
sented by  Devereux  Herbert  Mytton  of  Garth.  (See 
"  The  Genealogie  of  the  Family  of  Wynne  of  Garth", 
Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  xii,  p.  255.) 


Chapter  IV. — Nonconformity. 

Independent  or  Ccngregationalist. — It  is  not  easy  to 
fix  the  date  of  the  establishment  of  Independency  in 
Welshpool.  It  is  not  improbable  it  had  its  origin  from 
the  celebrated  Vavasor  Powell,  who,  for  some  years  pre- 
vious to  the  Restoration  in  1660,  frequently  preiiched 
in  the  locality.  There  is  a  tradition  that  he  was  the 
means  of  certain  objects,  which  were  then  considered 
superstitious,  being  rejected  from  the  parish  church; 
and  the  large  stone,  now  in  the  churchyard,^  said  once 
to  have  been  the  centre  stone  of  a  circle  upon  which 
offerings  were  made  by  the  Druids,  afterwaras  used  in 
Ystrad  Marchell  Abbey  as  a  throne  upon  which  the 
abbots  were  installed,  and  afterwards  brought  to  Welsh- 
pool Church,  and  upon  it  offenders  were  placed  to  do 
penance,  is  said  to  be  one  of  them  ;  but  there  is  no. 

1  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  XV,  p.  274. 


WELSH   POOL.  335 

further  account  of  his  proceedhigs  in  this  parish 
extant 

Ambrose  Mostyn  (bom  1610,  died  1666)  is  said  by 
Dr.  Calamy,  after  leaving  the  University,  to  have 
preached  for  some  time  ''at  Red  Castle  in  Montgomery- 
shire". Nathaniel  Ravens,  who  for  some  time  was  Vicar 
of  Welshpool,  was  ejected  for  Nonconformity  in  1662, 
but  probably  continued  to  officiate  among  his  Noncon- 
formist brethren  there  aftei-wards. 

The  Rev.  John  Griflfith  settled  as  Independent 
minister  at  Llanfyllin  in  1780,  but  only  remained  there 
two  years.  During  this  period  he  married  Miss  Agnes 
Meredith  of  Guilsfield  (near  Sarnau),  whose  mother,  it 
seems,  had  house  property  in  Welshpool.  According 
to  Rev.  D.  Morgan's  Essay  on  Nonconformity^  it  was 
Mr.  Griffith  that  began  preaching  at  Welshpool  with 
the  Independents,  and  Mrs.  Meredith  (his  mother-in- 
law)  gave  land  to  build  a  chapel  there. 

It  is  not  until  the  year  1 783  that  there  is  any  authentic 
account  of  a  chapel  having  been  erected  in  Welshpool, 
and  that  seems  to  have  been  for  "Protestant  Dissenters 
called  Presbyterians".  At  that  period  Dissenting 
ministers  were  under  legal  obligations  to  go  to  the 
Court  of  Quarter  Sessions  for  permission  to  preach ;  and 
those  who  erected  a  chapel  were  required  by  Act  of 
Parliament  to  make  application  to  the  bishop  of  the 
diocese,  certifying  the  erection  of  the  chapel,  and 
requiring  that  their  certificate  might  be  recorded  in  the 
Bishop's  Court. 

The  following  document  is  the  first  of  the  sort  that 
has  come  to  our  knowledge  relating  to  Welshpool : — 

"  To  the  Bigld  Revd,  Father  in  God,  Jonathan,  Lord  Bishop  of 

St,  Asaph, 
**  We  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  being  Protestant 
Dissenters  called  Presbyterians,  do  hereby  certify  to  your  Lord- 
ship that  a  new  erected  Chapel  in  the  Town  of  Welshpool,  in 
the  above  said  Diocese,  is  intended  to  be  a  place  of  Meeting 
for  religious  worship.  Therefore  we  require  that  this  our  cer- 
tificate may  be  recorded  at  your  Court,  according  to  an  Act  of 


336  WELSH    POOL. 

Parliament  in  that  case  made  and  provided  in  the  reign  of 
King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  called  the  Toleration  Act 

"  July  the  11th,  1783.     Signed  by  us— 

"John  James  (Minister),  Bonnbb  Hughes,  Kbth  Hughbs, 
Edward  Morris,  Edward  Hdghes,  Joseph  Jones.'* 

"  Entered  and  recorded  amongst  the  archives  rn  the  publick 
episcopal  Registry  of  Saint  Asaph,  pursuant  to  an  Act«o^  Par- 
liament in  this  case  made  and  provided^ 

"The  30th  of  July,  1783,  by 

"  John  Jones,  Dep.  Regr." 

This  document  relates  to  the  first  chapel  of  Pro- 
testant Dissenters  in  Welshpool,  and  shows  that  they 
were  then  called  Presbyterians,  and  the  first  minister 
to  have  been  the  Rev.  John  James.  We  have  not  learnt 
any  more  of  this  body. 

Ten  years  afterwards  the  small  Presbyterian  Church 
seems  to  have  assumed  the  name  of  Independents. 
Their  Minute-Book  and  Register  of  Baptisms  begins 
with  the  following  entry : — 

"  1793.  In  the  montl\  of  September  D.  Francis  began  to 
supply  Pool  occasionally." 

In  the  next  succeeding  year  the  following  ap- 
pears : — 

'*  1794  Sent  a  letter  of  invitation  to  D.  Francis  to  come 
and  reside  at  Pool  twelve  months  to  preach  the  Gospel,  which 
invitation  was  accepted  on  his  part.*' 

The  letter  was  signed  by — 

"  Thomas  Evans.  Morris  Edwards.  Thomas  Motham. 

Thomas  Jones.  Lewis  Morris.  Thomas  Clement. 

William  Rider.  John  Roberts.  Thomas  Morris. 

John  Hughes.  Jno.  Taylor.  Jno.  Meredith." 

The  next  entry  is  the  most  important,  as  it  records 
the  formation  of  "a  Church  upon  the  Independent 
plan",  and  the  appointment  of  D.  Francis  as  the  first 
minister.     It  runs  thus  : — 

"Dec.  19.  At  a  meeting  held  this  day,  it  was  resolved  by 
the  undersigned  to  form  themselves  into  a  Church  upon  the 


WELSH   POOL.  337 

Independent  plan.     At  the  same  meeting  it  was  agreed  that 
D.  Francis  be  requested  to  be  our  pastor. 

Thos.  Evans.  Jno.  Eoberts. 

Thomas  Jones.  Jas.  Jones. 

Jno.  Taylor.  Grace  Evans. 

Morris  Edwards.  Mary  JeflFreys.'^ 

From  this  date  the  Independent  body  commenced. 
Whether  they  were  successors  of  the  Presbyterian  body 
of  1783  is  not  certain,  but  it  is  probable  they  were, 
and  that  they  succeeded  to  the  chapel  erected  in  that 
year.  As  to  the  locality  where  the  Independents  held 
their  meeting,  there  is  a  tradition  that  it  was  on  the 
south  side  of  the  entrance  of  Powis  Castle  Park,  where 
the  '*  cribs"  (as  the  town  lock-up  was  formerly  called) 
and  the  prothonotary's  office  stood,  and  that  an 
arrangement  was  made  with  them  by  the  Powis  Castle 
family  for  giving  up  that  site,  and  accepting  another 
on  the  other  side  of  High  Street,  on  which  the  old 
Independent  chapel  stood,  together  with  the  use  of  a 
house  in  High  Street,  rent  free,  for  their  minister.  We 
shall  refer  to  this  subject  on  a  future  page. 

The  Minute-Book,  in  its  entries,  is  the  only  record 
we  have  of  the  body  and  its  ministers  imtil  1815  : — 

*'  1788.  Jane,  the  daughter  of  Lewis  Morris  of  Welshpool, 
by  Anne  his  wife,  was  baptized  May  3rd,  by  Richard  Tibbott. 

"  1790.  Catherine,  the  daughter  of  Lewis  Morris  of  Welsh- 
pool, by  Anne  his  wife,  was  baptized  August  24th,  by  Jenkyn 
Lewis. 

"  1793.  Evan,  the  son  of  Lewis  Morris  of  Welshpool,  by 
Anne  his  wife,  was  baptized  May  21st,  by  John  Griffiths, 
officiating  minister." 

"1794,  December.  21.  Had  the  Lord's  Supper,  admin- 
istered  by  the  Rev.  W.  Whitridge  of  Oswestry. 

"  1796,  March  31.  D.  Francis  was  set  apart  for  the  office  of 
a  pastor  of  the  Church." 

The  entries  from  1796  to  1798  are  signed  by  D. 
Francis. 

1800.  D.  Francis  resigned. 

1802.  Rev.  David  Davies  appointed  minister. 

VOL.  XV  u.  z 


338  WELSH   POOL. 

The  entries  from  1802  to  1804  are  signed  by  David 
Davies. 

The  entries  from  1808  to  1812  by  John  Harris. 

The  entries  in  1812  by  J.  Whitridge,  Oswestry. 

The  entries  in  1813  and  1814,  by  George  Ryan 
(1815,  by  P.  Edwards,  Wem). 

We  now  come  to  the  first  deed  we  have  met  with 
relating  to  the  chapel : — 

"  By  an  indenture  dated  the  1st  October  1816,  Philip  Rat- 
eliflfe  of  Plascorrig,  and  John  Humphreys,  late  of  Tregynon, 
afterwards  of  Berriew,  conveyed  to  Rev.  Thomas  Weaver  of 
Shrewsbury,  Minister  of  the  Gospel,  George  Ryan  of  Rotheram, 
student,  and  eight  other  persons,  the  '  building  then  used  as 
a  chapel  or  meeting-house  for  religious  worship,  situate  in  Pool, 
wherein  Mr.  Ryan  then  officiated.'  Upon  trust  to  permit  the 
same  to  be  used  as  a  place  of  worship  for  the  service  of  God  by 
the  Society  of  Protestant  Dissenters  of  the  Independent  per- 
Buasion.^' 

The  chapel  thus  conveyed,  probably  on  a  change  of 
trustees,  was  situated  on  the  south  side  of  High  Street, 
and  was  approached  by  an  entry  from  that  street  along- 
side the  dwelling-house,  which  the  minister.  Rev.  George 
Ryan,  occupied  for  many  years. 

From  1813  to  1830  the  Rev.  George  Ryan  was 
minister,  and  his  name  appears  in  the  Registers,  except 
in  1815,  P.  Edwards,  Wern,  and  1821  Thomas  Weaver, 
Oswestry,  ofl&ciate  at  baptisms. 

In  1831  John  Rees  of  Sarney  officiated. 

In  1832  theRev. Thomas  Morgan  became  the  minister. 
Owing  to  finding  the  house  not  healthy  or  convenient, 
Mr.  Morgan  left  it,  and  removed  to  a  small  house  in  the 
suburbs  of  the  town.  In  consequence  of  his  removal, 
the  house  was  taken  out  of  the  possession  of  the  Inde- 
pendent body,  and  that  without  compensation,  which 
was  always  considered  a  hardship  upon  them ;  as,  it  was 
alleged,  they  had  given  up  rights  in  a  position  which 
was  of  importance  to  the  Powis  Castle  family,  for 
which  the  possession  of  this  house  was  partly  the  com- 
pensation. 


WELSH   POOL.  ,    339 

In  consequence  of  the  passing  of  the  New  Registra- 
tion Act,  previous  to  1837,  whereby  Nonconformist 
registers  were  made  evidence  iipon  their  being  lodged 
with  the  Registrar-General,  the  tbllowing  record  of  the 
registers  being  so  deposited  is  made  in  the  Minute- 
Book:— 

"  The  following  is  a  copy  of  entries  of  baptisms  contained  in 
a  Church  Book  sent  up  to  the  Registration  Commissioners  the 
20th  October  1837.  The  same  having  been  copied  therefrom 
by  me,  and  under  my  superintendence,  in  order  that  the  same 
might  be  provided  for  the  use  of  the  Church,  in  the  event  of  the 
Commissioners  deciding  upon  retaining  the  originals  for  the 
purpose  of  being  made  legal  evidence.  See  the  printed  and  other 
correspondence  with  the  Commissioners  upon  the  subject, 
inserted  in  the  commencement  of  this  book." 

In  1837  Rev.  Thomas  Morgan  ceased  to  be  minister. 

In  1840  Rev.  Cyrus  Hudson,  M.A.,  was  appointed 
minister,  and  was  ordained,  and  remained  so  until  1844, 
when  he  resigned. 

In  1844,  May  24,  the  Rev.  Henry  Kerrison  was 
appointed  minister.  It  was  then  felt  that  much  incon- 
venience arose  from  the  smallness  and  unfavourable 
locality  of  the  old  chapel,  and  it  was  determined  to 
dispose  of  the  same,  and  to  build  a  new  chapel  on  a  more 
eligible  site  ;  and  in  November  following,  John  Gwy nne 
and  Griffith  Parker,  on  behalf  of  themselves  and  the 
other  trustees,  agreed  to  transfer  the  old  chapel  to  Rev. 
David  Thomas  and  others,  on  behalf  of  the  body  of 
Welsh  Independents ;  and  the  property  was  accord- 
ingly conveyed  to  them  on  1st  February  1847. 

The  new  chapel  was  erected  on  a  site  in  New  Street, 
purchased  and  conveyed  by  deed,  dated  25th  June  1847, 
for  £165,and  enrolled  in  Chancery  24th  November  1862, 
at  an  expense  of  £900  and  upwards,  and  new  trustees 
appointed  under  the  provisions  of  the  deed  of  1816. 
In  1845,  the  Rev.  H.  Kerrison  was  ordained  in  the  new 
chapel,  and  continued  as  minister  until  27th  September 
1849.  He  was  succeeded  on  that  day  by  Rev,  John 
Davies  of  Oswestry,  formerly  a  missionary.     He  died 

z2 


340  WELSH   POOL. 

suddenly  on  the  15th  February  1851,  aftd  on  the  23rd 
of  that  month  a  funeral  sermon  was  preached,  which 
gave  a  sketch  of  his  life. 

In  1851,  Rev.  John  Nash  was  temporarily  appointed 
minister  ;  and  in  1853  Rev.  James  Bedly  Fletcher, 
M.  A.,  succeeded  to  the  office,  but  resigned  in  the  course 
of  a  few  months. 

In  1855,  Rev.  F.  C.  Douthwaite  was  appointed 
minister,  and  remained  until  illness  compelled  him  in 
1865  to  rasign  the  charge. 

In  1866  tne  chapel  passed  into  other  hands,  and  was 
altered  and  improved.  Rev.  D.  Rowlands,  B.A.,  was 
appointed  minister.  He  published,  in  1870,  a  volume 
of  sermons,  entitled  Sermons  on  Historical  Subjects. 

In  1867,  2nd  April,  a  garden  adjoining  the  chapel 
was  bought, — Edward  Evans  of  Thorneloe  House, 
Worcester,  the  surviving  son  of  Thomas  Evans,^  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  cause,  contributing  half  the  pur- 
chase-money, £142, — and  a  commodious  school-room, 
held  in  conjunction  with  the  chapel,  has  been  built 
thereon.  The  conveyance  is  dated  11th  September 
1868,  and  was  enrolled  in  Chancery  25th  December  the 
same  year. 

1871,  23rd  April,  Mr.  Rowlands  resigned  his  charge, 
having  accepted  a  call  at  Carmarthen,  whence  he 
subsequently  removed  to  Brecon  to  undertake  a  Pro- 
fessorship (which  he  still  holds)  at  the  Independent 
College  there. 

1872,  6th  October,  the  Rev.  Edward  Goodall  became 
pastor.     He  resigned  24th  November  1874. 

1875,  7th  November,  the  Rev.  David  Philip  Davies 
was  appointed  minister.  He  resigned  1st  November 
1877. 

1878,  24th  November,  the  Rev.  John  Stroud  Williams 
was  appointed  minister.  He  resigned  26th  June 
1881. 

1  See  3font.  Coll.y  vol.  xi,  p.  8  (sub  nmn.  "  Montgomeryshire 
Worthies"). 


WELSH    POOL.  341 

1883,  7th  Januarj^  the  Rev.  William  Edward  Thomas 
(the  present  minister)  accepted  the  pastorate. 

In  the  year  18G2  a  monumental  tablet  was  put  up 
in  the  chapel  to  the  memory  of  Thomas  Evans  and 
Grace  his  wife,  two  of  the  persons  who  signed  the 
document  set  out  on  pp.  336-7  supra,  with  the  follow- 
ing inscription  thereon  : — 

In  ll^mors 

OF 

GRACE  SUGDEN, 

Wife  of  THOMAS   EVANS, 

OP  THIS  Towir ; 

Who  died  February  llth,  1796, 

AQED   XXXV  TSA&8, 

Leaving  six  children  to  lament  their  loss. 

ALSO   OF 

THOMAS    EVANS, 

Born  in  the  Year  1762,  died  at  Oswestry,  February  21st,  J  829, 

AGIO   LXVI  TEARS. 

HIS  BEUAINS   BEING   DEPOSITED   IN   THE 

CHUBCHTABD   OF  THIS  PARISH,    IN  THE  GRAVE 

THAT  HAD  FOB  THIBTf -THREE  YEARS  HELD 

THOSE   OF  HIS   BELOVED   WIFE. 

THIS  TABLET  IS   ERECTED   BT  THE   SURVIVING 

SONS  AND  DAUGHTERS  OF  THE  DEPARTED, 

AS  AN   ENDURING  RECORD  OF  FILIAL  AFFECTION, 

AND  IS  PLACED  HERE  TO  PERPETUATE  THE 

NAME  OF  ONE   OF  THE  HONOURED   FOUNDERS 

OF  CONGREGATIONALISM   IN 

'WELSHPOOL. 
1862. 

Wesleyan  Methodist. — On  the  9th  August  1769, 
before  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  Kev.  John 
Wesley  arrived  in  this  town ;  notice  was  given 
that  he  would  preach,  the  Bailiffs  (Messrs.  Richard 
Evans  and  Edward  Vaughan)  having  promised  the 
use  of  the  Town  Hall.  These  authorities,  however, 
reconsidered  their  promise,  and  decided  that  Mr.  Wes- 
ley should  not  have  the  Town  Hall  to  preach  in,  so  he 
passed  on  to  Newtown,  where  he  preached. 

It  may  be  inferred  that  Mr.  Wesley  had  some  friends 


342  WELSH   POOL. 

in  this  neighbourhood,  from  the  fact  that  notice  had 
been  given  that  he  would  preach  in  the  Town  Hall. 

In  the  year  1774,  Mr.  Thomas  CarliU,  and  other 
preachers  from  the  Brecon  Circuit,  used  to  come  **  over 
the  hiUs"  to  preach  at  Pentre-Llivior. 

At  one  of  these  services  a  man  named  John  Evans 
was  led  to  become  a  follower  of  Mr.  Wesley,  and  after 
this  his  house  continued  to  be  the  "preacher's  home" 
until  he  left  the  neighbourhood  to  reside  at  Welshpool. 

In  May  1778  a  small  class  was  formed  at  Pentre- 
Llivior  (which  was,  at  that  time,  attached  to  the  Brecon 
Circuit),  and  Mr.  Evans  was  appointed  its  leader,  which 
office  he  continued  to  hold  for  many  years.  This  was 
perhaps  the  first  permanent  Wesleyan  Methodist 
Society  in  North  Wales.  Mr.  Evans,  who  may  thus 
be  considered  the  father  of  Wesleyan  Methodism  in 
this  neighbourhood,  was  the  father-in-law  of  the  late 
Rev.  James  Scholefield,  whose  good  and  kind  deeds 
still  linger  in  the  memories  of  some  of  the  old  inhabit- 
ants of  Welshpool.  He  (Mr.  Evans)  died  on  the  22nd 
of  September  1827,  at  the  house  of  his  daughter,  Mrs. 
Scholefield,  in  this  town,  in  the  eighty-fourth  year  of 
his  age. 

It  can  hardly  be  supposed  that  the  preachers  from 
Brecon  would  make  a  journey  "  over  the  hills"  to  visit 
Pentre-Llivior  alone,  and  not  give  the  surrounding 
towns  some  attention,  and  it  is  very  probable  that  they 
in  their  rounds  called  at  Welshpool,  and  that  Wesleyan 
Methodism  was  represented  here,  though,  no  doubt,  in 
a  very  feeble  way,  as  far  back  as  the  year  1774, 

About  that  time  tradition  informs  us^  of  one  of  those 
scenes  so  common  in  early  Methodist  history.  One  of 
the  preachers,  after  holding  a  service,  was  walking 
down  the  street  singing  — 

**  We  are  soldiers  fighting  for  our  King  ; 
Let  trembling  cowards  fly/' 

when  the  mob  set  upon  him,  and  pelted  him  with  eggs, 
^  Ex  in/,i  the  late  Mr.  Robert  Jones. 


WELSH    POOL.  343 

mud,  brickbats,  and  the  like ;  so  that  it  was  with 
difficulty  that  he  succeeded  in  mounting  his  horse  and 
getting  away,  by  the  aid  of  a  powerful  man  named 
John  Taylor,  who  appears  to  have  been,  if  not  the  first, 
among  the  first,  Wesleyans  in  this  town. 

Services  were  held  in  his  house  in  Berriew  Street 
(between  the  "Sun"  and  *' Angel"  inns),  which  some- 
times was  so  inconveniently  filled  that  the  officiating 
preacher  had  to  stand  on  a  chair  outside  and  preach  to 
the  people  in  the  street. 

So  things  went  on  until  the  year  1804,  when  Welsh- 
pool was  made  the  head  of  a  circuit  in  connection  with 
the  North  Wales  District,  the  services  being  probably 
at  this  time  conducted  in  Welsh.  Some  time  before 
this,  the  Society  had  taken,  at  a  yearly  rental,  a  small 
chapel  that  stood  in  Mount  Street,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  road  leading  to  the  new  church.  Here  services 
were  conducted  on  Sundays,  in  the  afternoon  at  half- 
past  two,  and  in  the  evening  at  half-past  six  o'clock. 
At  the  same  time,  prayer  meetings,  and  sometimes 
preaching,  were  conducted  at  Mr.  Taylors  house  in 
Berriew  Street  on  Sunday  mornings,  ixntil  they  could 
be  held  no  longer,  on  account  of  the  opposition  shown 
by  Mr.  Taylor's  wife. 

One  of  the  chief  supporters  of  the  cause  at  this 
early  period  was  a  lady  named  Aiken.  She  lived  at 
Caethro  farm,  and  was  in  the  habit  of  attending  the 
parish  church  at  Welshpool,  but  having  been  induced 
to  attend  a  meeting  of  the  Wesleyans,  she  shortly 
afterwards  joined  their  society,  and  continued  to  be  a 
great  support  to  the  cause,  both  in  giving  and  working, 
until  the  day  of  her  death.  Some  time  before  she  died 
she  came  to  live  in  the  town,  and  prayer  meetings  were 
held  at  her  house. 

In  or  about  the  year  1808  Welshpool  was  taken 
from  the  North  Wales  District,  and,  with  Newtown, 
was  added  to  the  Shrewsbury  District,  Newtown  being 
made  the  head  of  the  circuit,  and  Welshpool  the 
second  place.     It  was  subsequently  transferred  to  the 


344  WELSH   POOL. 

Liverpool  District,  of  which  it  still  forms  part.  The 
fact  that  the  North  Wales  District  is  a  Welsh  district, 
and  the  Shrewsbury  District  an  English  one,  leads  to 
the  conclusion  that  a  separate  English  cause  was  esta- 
blished, and  working  side  by  side  with  the  Welsh 
Cixuse;  in  conBrmation  of  this,  we  find  that  in  1818 
there  were  two  Welsh  preachers,  and  one  English,  con- 
nected with  Welshpool,  and  we  know  that  the  old 
chapel  in  the  Back  Road,  opened  in  1818,  belonged  to 
the  English. 

We  have  noticed  that  the  Society  worshipped  in  a 
small  chapel  in  Mount  Street,  but  some  time  between 
the  years  1806  and  1814  even  this  had  to  be  given  up 
for  want  of  funds  to  meet  the  expenses  attached  to  it, 
and  the  worshippers  had  to  put  up  with  a  dingy  room, 
used  in  the  week  for  measuring  flannel,  down  a  narrow 
entry  in  Broad  Street,  between  the  shops  now  occupied 
by  Mr.  W.  A.  Rogers  and  Mr.  Piyce,  saddler. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  some  of  the  principal 
members  of  the  small  Society  at  that  time,  namely : 
John  Taylor ;  Mrs.  Aiken ;  John  Williams,  father  of 
the  Misses  Williams  of  Holly  Bush;  John  Roberts 
and  his  wife  Elizabeth  Roberts,  who  had  lived  with 
Mrs.  Fletcher  of  Madeley ;  Evan  Owen  and  his  wife ; 
and  Mary  Jones. 

The  Society  had  not  long  occupied  this  room  before 
their  numbers  began  to  increase,  and  by  the  year  1816 
about  one  hundred  persons  attended  the  services.  The 
room,  therefore,  became  too  small,  and  it  was  decided 
to  build  a  chapel.  Land  was  bought  for  this  purpose 
in  the  Back  Road,  for  the  sum  of  £300,  from  Mr.  John 
Wall,  father  of  Mr.  David  Wall  of  Broad  Street.  The 
foundation-stone  was  laid  by  Mrs.  Aiken,  and  the 
chapel  was  opened  about  the  year  1818.  This  waa 
spoken  of  throughout  the  district  as  a  great  event. 
This  chapel,  as  already  stated,  was  an  English  chapel. 
At  this  time  (1818)  the  ministers  of  the  circuit  were 
the  Revs.  Hugh  Carter,  Edward  Jones,  Edward  Anwyl, 
and   James    Scholefield,    who    was   a  supernumerary. 


WELSH   POOL.  345 

Messrs.  Jones  and  Anwyl  were  Welsh  preachers.  In 
the  year  1830,  about  twelve  years  after  the  chapel  was 
built,  the  congregation  had  so  increased  that  it  was 
found  necessary  to  put  up  a  gallery  in  order  to  accom- 
modate the  numbers  who  flocked  to  the  chapel.  The 
Rev.  Thomas  Jones  was  the  preacher  here  at  that  time. 
In  1835  unhappy  divisions  crept  into  the  Society, 
which  caused  many  of  the  members  to  leave,  and,  for 
some  years,  the  effects  of  these  divisions  left  their 
blighting  influence  upon  the  Society.  About  the  year 
1840  a  Sunday  school-room  was  built  at  the  end  of  the 
chapel.  This  increased  the  debt,  and  added  much  to 
the  already  existing  financial  diflBculties.  At  this  time 
there  was  a  debt  of  over  £500  upon  the  Trust  pro- 
perty ;  and  the  chapel,  small  as  it  was,  was  not  much,  if 
any  more  than  half  filled.  The  prospects  of  the  Society 
did  not,  therefore,  at  that  time  look  promising  ;  but  a 
brighter  day  soon  dawned.  The  Welsh  Society  which 
existed  in  ttie  town  joined  the  English,  and  their  joint 
effc)rts  were  put  forth  to  clear  the  debt  remaining  upon 
the  chapel  and  school-room;  and  by  the  year  1849, 
£150  had  been  paid  off*.  Before  long  the  congregation 
increased  so  much  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  add 
the  school-room  to  the  chapel. 

This  alteration  was  carried  out  in  1851-2  ;  and,  while 
it  was  being  made,  the  trustees  rented  the  Baptist 
chapel,  and  there  the  congregation  worshipped.  The 
alterations  cost  £183  8s.  lid.,  and  by  the  23rd  of 
March  1853  the  whole  amount  had  been  cleared  ofi*, 
leaving  a  balance  of  £4  in  the  treasurer  s  hands. 

The  chapel  was  reopened  October  8th,  1852,  by  the 
late  Rev.  Dr.  Beaumont,  whose  text  was,  *'  Who  is 
this?''  The  collections  at  the  opening  services  amounted 
to  £43  105.  3d. 

In  the  year  1849,  during  the  ministry  of  the  Rev. 
James  Findley,  a  great  revival  took  place,  and  many 
members  were  added  to  the  Society.  By  the  year 
1859  the  entire  debt  was  paid  off*  the  Trust  property. 

In  1861,  during  the  ministry  of  the  Rev.  Richard 


346  WEL3H   POOL. 

Harding,  the  trustees  agreed  that  a  new  chapel  was 
much  needed.  At  that  time,  several  lots  of  old  pro- 
perty belonging  to  the  Earl  of  Powis  were  oflFered  for 
sale  by  public  auction,  and  among  them  the  site  on 
which  the  present  chapel  stands  in  High  Street,  which 
was  bought  by  the  trustees  for  £470. 

The  foundation-stone  of  the  present  chapel  was  laid 
on  the  2nd  October  1863  by  T.  Hazlehurst,  Esq.,  of 
Runcorn  ;  and  it  was  opened  by  the  Rev.  Wilson 
Brailsford  on  the  2nd  of  December  1864,  the  entire 
cost  being  about  £2,300. 

It  is  a  handsome  building,  and  affords  accommoda- 
tion for  about  600  persons.  At  the  back  there  is  a 
vestry  and  a  school-room.  In  September  1866  the 
Newtown  Circuit  was  divided,  and  Welshpool  was 
made  the  head  of  a  circuit,  when  the  Rev.  F.  Pick- 
worth  was  appointed  resident  superintendent  minister. 
The  following  have  been  the  superintendent  ministers 
since  that  date  : — ^Revs.  F.  R.  Pickworth,  J.  T.  Sanger, 
J.  S.  Simon,  J.  Nelson,  S.  Blackly,  J.  H.  Taylor,  W. 
Stephenson,  and  R.  Simpson. 

Calvinistic  Methodist — This  cause  owes  its  origin 
to  the  late  Mrs.  Jane  Bebb,  who,  with  her  husband, 
Mr.  John  Bebb,  a  flannel  dealer,  and  their  family, 
removed  to  this  town  from  Llanidloes  about  the  year 
1812.  At  that  time  there  was  but  one  chapel  in  the 
town,  namely,  an  English  Independent,  formerly  a 
Presbyterian  chapel  (afterwards,  until  about  twelve 
or  thirteen  years  ago,  used  as  a  Welsh  Independent 
chapel),  adjoining  the  Town  Hall.  A  few  Wesleyans 
and  Baptists  also  were  wont  to  assemble  in  small  rooms 
for  worship.  Previously  to  the  above  date  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Charles,  of  Bala,  and  others  of  the  early 
Methodists,  had  preached  in  English  at  Welshpool, 
but  probably  not  a  single  Welsh  sermon  had  ever 
been  delivered  there  by  any  Nonconformist  before  the 
time  named.  There  was  occasional  preaching  by  Welsh 
Methodist  preachers  at  Penygaer  farm-house  in  Guils- 
field  parish,  but  the  nearest  "  society",  or  church  meet- 


WELSH   POOL.  847 

ing,  was  one  held  at  Bwlch  Heidden,  five  miles  out  of 
the  town.  Mrs.  Bebb,  on  her  arrival,  after  diligent 
inquiry,  found  that  there  were  three  Methodists  besides 
herself  and  her  maid  resident  in  the  town — Hugh 
Jones,  a  native  of  Carnarvonshire;  John  Williams, 
who  subsequently  emigrated  to  America ;  and  another. 
With  their  assistance,  Mrs.  Bebb  succeeded  in  starting 
a  Sunday  school  the  second  Sunday  after  her  arrival ; 
the  following  Sunday  two  more  persons  joined,  and 
thus  the  number  went  on  increasing.  They  also  soon 
began  to  keep  a  "society",  or  church  meeting,  but  their 
meetings,  which  for  some  time  were  held  in  Mrs.  Bebb  s 
kitchen,  were  often  disturbed  by  wicked  men  and  boys. 
After  a  while  it  was  found  necessary  to  hire  a  room  in 
Mount  Street  (for  which  a  rent  of  £4  yearly  was  paid) 
to  hold  these  and  other  meetings.  More  or  less  regular 
preaching  was  secured,  and  sometimes  the  Inde- 
pendents lent  their  chapel  to  the  Methodists  to  hold 
services  between  their  own  services.  The  members 
would  also  frequently  walk  many  miles  to  hear  a  Welsh 
sermon.  The  first  Welsh  sermon  preached  in  Welsh- 
pool, it  is  believed,  was  one  by  the  Rev.  Evan  Griffiths, 
of  Meifod.  There  was,  it  appears,  much  more  open 
profanation  of  the  Sabbath  in  those  days  than  now. 
On  this  point  Mr,  R  Williams  writes  as  follows : — 
"  My  father,  who  was  in  school  at  Welshpool  in  1814, 
frequently  saw  sheep  slaughtered  by  the  butchers, 
potatoes  brought  from  fields  and  gardens,  and  teams 
driven  through  the  streets  on  the  Lord's  Day ;  cursing 
and  swearing  were  practised  by  nearly  all  persons,  and 
the  state  of  the  town  generally  was,  as  he  used  to 
say,  dark,  heathenish,  and  grossly  immoral.  The 
flannel  market  wats  then  held  at  Pool  on  the  same  day 
as  the  other  market,  namely,  on  Monday.  Many 
manufacturers,  therefore,  from  *the  upper  country' 
travelled  on  Sunday,  and  the  carriers  on  Sunday  even- 
ings started  with  their  loads  of  flannels  so  as  to  be  in 
the  market  early  on  Monday  morning.  But  conscien- 
tious men  (among  them  my  grandfather,  who  was  a 


348  WELSH   POOL. 

raanufacturer)  either  delayed  starting  until  after  mid- 
night on  Sunday,  or  went  on  the  preceding  Saturday, 
in  which  case  they  would  spend  the  Sunday  in  the 
town.  My  grandfather  generally  adopted  the  latter 
plan  in  his  later  years."  He  took  a  great  interest  in  the 
young  Methodist  cause,  and  presented  a  hymn-book,  to 
be  placed  on  the  pulpit.  Mr.  Nathaniel  Jehu,  who 
kept  the  mill  near  the  Armoury,  acted  as  deacon,  and 
Mr.  Elias  Rowlands,  then  a  servant  in  Mrs.  Bebb's 
employment,  occasionally  preached.  About  this  time 
the  little  church  received  a  valuable  accession  in  Mr. 
William  Owen,  a  native  of  Carnarvonshire,  who  for  some 
years  kept  a  school  at  Welshpool  and  subsequently  at 
Newtown.  Mr.  Owen  was  a  very  well-informed  man, 
a  good  Welsh  poet,  an  excellent  musician,  an  able 
teacher,  and  in  addition  an  acceptable  preacher  with  the 
Methodists.  The  room  where  the  services  had  hitherto 
been  held  became  too  small,  and  at  the  end  of  six 
years  was  given  up.  After  much  trouble,  a  small  piece 
of  ground  (being  part  6f  the  site  of  the  present  chapel) 
was  secured  at  the  top  of  High  Street,  where  a  small 
but  comfortable  chapel  was  built  to  accommodate  about 
120  persons.  The  land  cost  £36,  and  the  total  cost  was 
about£350.  This  was  raised,  with  a  very  trifling  excep- 
tion, among  the  members.  Mrs.  Bebb,  besides  her  own 
subscription,  lent  £120  of  the  amount,  free  of  interest, 
for  some  years.  Owing  very  much  to  Mr.  Owens 
exertions,  the  Sunday  school  prospered,  and  soon  reached 
an  average  attendance  of  120,  three  or  four  of  the 
classes  being  conducted  in  English.  The  church  also 
before  long  numbered  from  sixty  to  seventy  communi- 
cants. About  the  year  1828,  the  Rev.  David  Morgan, 
having  married  one  of  Mrs.  Bebb's  daughters,  took  up 
his  residence  in  the  town,  where  also  he  lived  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death  in  March  1864,  during  all  which  period 
he  was  a  great  supporter  of  the  cause.  During  the 
years  which  followed,  owing  to  depression  in  the  flannel 
trade  and  other  causes,  the  church  and  congregation  for 
a  time  were  reduced  in  numbers.     As   many  as  nine 


WELSH   POOL.  349 

Methodist  families  left  the  town  one  May-day. .  In  1865 
the  chapel  was  rebuilt  and  enlarged — the  new  chapel 
being  a  very  neat  edifice.  At  that  time  an  English 
sermon  wasgenerally  preached  every  Sunday.  In  January 
1869,  a  separate  English  cause  was  commenced  in  the 
old  Wesleyan  chapel  in  the  Back  Lane,  and  was  carried 
on  there  for  a  year  or  two,  after  which  the  two  causes 
were  again  amalgamated,  and  carried  on  entirely  in 
English.  The  chapel,  however,  became  too  small,  and 
in  1875  was  again  enlarged  to  its  present  size.  It  will 
now  seat  about  250,  and  the  congregation  averages 
about  200,  the  church  members  numbering  102.  In 
1864,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Gray  became  the  pastor  of  the 
church.  He  was  succeeded  in  1870  by  the  Rev.  God- 
frey Davies,  who  was  followed  by  the  Revs.  Thomas 
Evans  John  Hughes  Parry,  and  Thomas  H.  Williams, 
the  present  pastor. 

Mrs.  Bebb,  the  founder,  and  for  half  a  century  the 
mainstay,  of  the  Calvinistic  Methodist  cause  at  Pool,  was 
a  native  of  Llanbrynmair,  where  in  her  youth  she  im- 
bibed those  deep  and  strong  religious  prmciples  which 
distinguished  her  through  life.  She  was  a  woman  of 
remarkable  shrewdness  and  common-sense,  and  her 
quiet,  unobtrusive  charity,  her  integrity  and  homely 
character,  won  for  her  the  respect  of  all  who  knew  her. 
Her  house  was  always  open  to  the  ministers  of  her 
denomination.  She  was  strongly  attached  to  the  Welsh 
language,  and  to  her  own  chapel,  which  she  continued 
to  attend  regularly  twice  every  Sunday  until  her  last 
illness.  When  she  could  no  longer  walk,  she  was 
wheeled  thither  in  her  Bath-chair.  For  a  great  number 
of .  years  she  lived  and  carried  on  business  at  No.  11, 
Broad  Street,  and  twenty-five  years  a»o  her  portly 
figure  was  one  of  the  most  familiar  in  the  town.  She 
died  in  great  peace,  in  November  1864,  being  over 
eighty  years  of  age,  and  was  buried  at  Christ  Church, 
where  also  several  members  of  her  family  rest. 


{To  be  continued,) 


350 


WELSH    POOL. 


Chapter  VI. — Genealogical. 

DAVIES  OP  KYNANT. 


Arms — Argenty  a  lion  passant  sahUy  between  three  fleurs-de-lis 

gules. 

Ricliard  Davies  of  Kynant,  co.  Montgomery,  gent, 
bom  1584,  died  at  his  son's  house  at  Lathbury,  New- 
port Pagnell,  co.  Buckingham,  and  buried  there,  20th 
November  1661,  aged  77  (M.  J.).     He  had  two  sons — 

I.  Rev.  Isaiah  Davies,  minister  of  Lathbury,  afore- 
said. 

II.  Thomas  Davies,  Agent-General  for  the  English 
nation  on  the  coast  of  Africa.  He  caused  a  cenotaph 
to  be  erected  in  the  church  of  Wekhpool,  the  place  of 
his  birth.  He  ako  presented  to  Welshpool  Church  a 
golden  chalice,  with  a  Latin  inscription  upon  it  (see 
Mont  Coll.,  vol.  XV,  p.  308).  The  above  arms  are 
engraved  on  the  chalice. 


WELSH   POOL. 


351 


PARRY    OP   LLANERCHYDOL. 


Quarterly — 1  and  4,  Gules^  a  lion  rampant  reguardant  or  ;  2  and  3, 
Argenty  three  boar's  heads  couped  sahle^  langued  guUsy  tusked  or, 

Humphrey  Parry  of  Llanerch-hydol,  Esquire  (son  of 
Harry  Parry,  gent.,  by  his  wife  Mary,  daugnter  and  co- 
heiress of  Rees  David  of  Castle  Parish,  gent.,  son  of 
Hugh  Parry  of  Llanerch-hydol,  gent.,  by  his  wife 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Nicolas,  gent.,  son  of 
Humphrey  Parry,  or  ap  Harry,  of  Llanerch-hydol, 
gent.,  by  nis  wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  GriflSth 
of  Cynhinva,  gent.,  son  of  Harry  ap  Hugh,  by  his 
wife  Katherin,  daughter  of  Roger  Lloyd  of  Leighton, 
Esquire,  for  whose  descent  from  Elystan  Gloc&ydd, 
Prince  of  Ferlex,  see  **  The  Montgomeryshire  Pedi- 
grees" in  Lewys  Dwnn's  Visitations  of  Wales^  voL  i,  p. 
332)  ;  living  in  1689  ;  married  Martha,  daughter  of 
Kyffin  Lloyd  of  Pool,  Esq.  Was  Bailiif  of  Pool  in 
1678.     {Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  xii,  p.  317.) 

Members  of  this  family  appeared  on  the  Grand  or 
other  Jury  Lists  as  follows  : — 

"Henry  ap  Hugh  de  LlanerchydoU,  gent'n/'  6  James  I 
(1608).— Jfon^.  Coll,  vol.  ii,  219. 

"  Humffridus  Parry  de  Llan'chydol,  gen.",  2  Car.  I  (1626). 
— Ihid.,  vi,  p.  287  ;  and  also  as  *^  Humffridns  ap  Harry  de 
Llann'chudol,  gen.*',  9  Car.  I  (1633).— I&id,  p.  297. 


352  WELSH    POOL. 

"Hugo  ap  Humffrey  de  Llan'chudol,  gen.",  16  Car.  I, 
{1640).— Ibid.,  vii,  p.  209. 

By  indenture  dated  the  1st  March  1678  (21  Charles 
II),  and  made  between  Henry  Parry  of  Llanerchydol, 
gent,  Edmond  Lloyd  of  Trefnant,  Esq.,  and  John 
GriflSthes  of  Silvaine,  gentleman,  of  the  one  part,  and 
Humphrey  Parry,  son  and  heir-apparent  of  Henry  Parry, 
of  the  other  part,  the  following  premises  are  conveyed 
to  Humphrey  Parry,  viz.  : — 

''An  '  Ancient  messuage  and  tenement  situate  in  Llanerchy- 
dol, and  neare  adjoining  the  Capital  Messuage^  wherein  the  said 
Henry  Parry  now  dwelleth.' 

And  nine  pieces  of  land  '  sometymes  heretofore  in  the  occu- 
pation of  one  Hugh  ap  Humphrey,  and  now  in  the  occupation 
of  Henry  Parry*. 

To  hold  to  him,  the  said  Humphrey  Parry,  to  such  uses  as  shall 
be  agreed  upon  between  Henry  and  Humphrey  Parry. 

Witnesses — Humphrey  Jones,  C.  Richards,  D.  Williams, 
John  Burt,  J.  P.  Jervis,  Thomas  Jenkins,  and  George  Robin- 
son." 

On  the  3rd  March  following,  a  deed  of  settlement  was 
executed  by  the  said  Henry  Parry  and  Humphrey 
Parry,  which  settlement  is  referred  to  in  the  will  of 
Humphrey  Parry,  dated  19th  September  1706. 

The  first-mentioned  deed  shows  that  Humphrey 
Parry  and  his  father  Henry  Parry  were  in  the  posses- 
sion of  Llanerchydol,  and  that  the  land  was  "sometymes 
theretofore"  in  the  occupation  of  *^Hugh  ap  Hum- 
phrey", the  father  of  Henry  Parry.  The  estate  was 
probably  sold  between  the  years  1710  and  1712. 

Humphrey  Parry  had  two  sons,  Henry  and  Hum- 
phrey. In  his  will,  aforesaid,  he  mentions  his  sons 
"  Henry,  the  vicar  of  Guilsfield",  and  "Humphrey"  and 
his  wife  "  Martha" — 

T.  Henry  Parry,  born  1678,  of  St.  John's  College, 
Cambridge,   B.A.,    1699,  M.A.,    rector   of  Llandrillo, 

1  This  was  the  original  Elizabethan  house,  burnt  a.d.  1776. 


WELSH   POOL.  353 

1704-9,^  vicar  of  GuilsEeld.  1704-1730;  died  1730, 
buried  at  Guilsfield,  on  floor  of  which  church  there  is 
the  following  inscription  : — 

'^  Sacram  est  hoc  Marmor 
Memoriae  Reverendi  Viri 
[Henjrici  Parry  A.M. 
ParochisB  hnjas  nnper 
Yicarii  Qui  mortem  obiit 
Die  Octobr.  23  Anno  ^tatis 
Suae  53.     Anno  Domini  1730. 
Moltis  ille  bonus  flebilis  occidit/' 

He  married  Elizabeth who  died 

and  was  buried  in  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary's,  Shrews- 
bury. 

He  had  issue,  two  sons — 

1.  Thomas  Parry,  Burgess  of  Shrewsbury,  and  of  the 
Mercers'  Company,  who  married,  and  had  a  daughter. 

2.  Humphrey  Parry  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge, 
M.  A.,  1 733 ;  Second  Master  of  Shrewsbury  School,  1 737 ; 
Vicar  of  Guilsfield,  1754;  died  1755  (see  fragment  of 
inscription  on  Guilsfield  Church  floor),  having  married 
Anne,  daughter  of  Rev.  Rowland  Tench,  Second  Master 
of  Shrewsbury  School,  1715,  afterwards  Rector  of 
Church  Stretton.  She,  with  Henry,  an  infant  and  only 
son,  was  buried  at  the  chapel  of  St.  Mary's,  Shrewsbury. 

II.  Humphrey  Parry,  married  Anne,  daughter  and' 
co-heiress  of  WilUam  Davies  of  Hinton,  and  became  of 
Hinton  Pontesbury,  Salop  ;  Deputy  Sheriflf  to  John 
Evans,  Esq.,  High  Sheriff  for  Montgomeryshire,  in  1718, 
who  succeeded  thereto  on  the  death  of  his  father, 
Francis  Evans,  Esq.,  in  July  1 718.  John  Evans  died  in 
September,  and  was  succeeded  in  the  High  SheriflGalty 

1  The  following  is  extracted  ftx)m  the  GuiUJleld  Church  Register : — 
"  HenricuB  Pai'ry.  Clericu&  in  Artibus  Magister.  Coll.  D.  Joh.  Evang. 
apud  Cantabrigienais  olim  Alumnus  nuper  Vicarius  ecclesise  paroohi- 
alis  de  Skeivrog  in  comitatu  Flint  in  realem  actualera  et  corporalem 
possessionem  Vicariad  et  ecclesiaa  parochialis  de  Guilsfield  in  comitatu 
Montgomeriensi  inductus  fuit  decimo  quinto  die  Junii  Anno  Dni. 
millem.  Septigentissimo  quarto. — Hen.  Parry.  01.  tuum  Vicarium  de 
Llandrillo  in  Comitatu  Merioniae." 

VOL.  XVII.  A  A 


354  WELSH   POOL. 

by  Humphrey  Parry,  his  deputy  (Nicholas's  County 
Families  of  Wales,  vol.  ii,  p.  814).  His  post-nuptial 
settlement  was  dated  1712,  and  was  signed  by 
his  brother,  the  vicar  of  Guilsfield,  as  "Henricus 
Clericus".  He  died  1747,  and  was  buried  under  his  pew 
in  Pontesbury  Church,  leaving  one  son — 

John,  bom  1712,  married  Martha,  daughter  of  Rich- 
ard Peers,  Esq.,^  Stoney  Stretton  Hall,  and  had  three 
sons — 

L  John  Parry,  of  Stoney  Stretton,  bom  1750,  married 
Margaret,  daughter  of  E.  Thorne,  of  Whetall,  died 
1813,  leaving  a  son, — John  Parry,  bom  1788,  who 
married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Thos.  Nichols,  of  Yockle- 
ton  Hall,  Salop,  and  died  1856,  leaving  a  son, — John 
Peers  Parry,  born  1818  ;  M.A.  Cantab.,  in  holy  orders ; 
married  Louisa,  daughter  of  Rev.  James  J.  Rogerson, 
Vicar  of  St.  Julian's,  Shrewsbury,  living  1884,  and  has 
two  daughters,  Marian  and  Sibella,  living  1884. 

II.  Humphrey  Parry,  physician  ;  died  unmarried. 

III.  Henry  Parry,  born  1755,  in  the  Welsh  woollen 
trade ;  married,  1st,  Ann,  daughter  of  Thomas  Dawes, 
Shrewsbury';  2nd,  Esther,  daughter  of  E.  Phillips,  Esq., 
Oswestry;  died  1801,  leaving  by  his  first  wife  three 
sons — 

I.  William  Henry  Parry,  M.A.,  S.T.B.,  St.  John's, 
Cambridge,  born  1785,  Vicar  of  Holt,  Norfolk,  Rector  of 
Bothal,  Northumberland,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Dr.  Cory,  Master  of  Emmanuel  College,  Cambridge,  and 
had  a  son, — William  Henry  Parry,  late  Capt.  33rd  Foot; 
served  in  India  and  during  the  Crimean  War  ;  married 
Georgina,  daughter  of  John  Linklater,  London  ;  living 
1884,  and  has  three  children, — 1,  William  John  Parry, 
educated  at  Charterhouse,  and  of  Pembroke  College, 

1  Peers.  See  Add.  MSS.  1241,  fo.  160,  for  the  pedigree  of  this 
family  with  the  arms,  a.d.  1510. 

*  The  family  of  Dawes  derive  from  Leicestershire.  The  Vicawige 
of  St.  Mary's,  Shrewsbury,  was  held  by  Thomas  Dawes  from  1678  to 
1714.  There  is  a  tablet  in  panel,  with  arms,  in  the  chapel  of  the 
church. 


WELSH   POOL.  355 

Cambridge;  2,  Georgina  Parry;  3,  Herbert  Parry,  at 
CharteAouse. 

II.  Edward  Penbury  Parry,  bom  1788,  wholesale 
sugar  dealer,  Liverpool;  married  Charlotte,  daughter  of 
George  Long,  Esq.,  Liverpool  (from  Ireland);  died 
1855,  having  had  five  sons — 

1.  William  Henry  Parry ;  died  at  Galveston,  U.S., 
America,  1860,  s,  p. 

2.  Edward  Penbury  Parry,  of  Liverpool,  commission 
agent ;  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  John  Atkinson, 
Esq.,  of  Liverpool;  living  1884. 

3.  Francis  Parry,  F.R.G.S.,  a  merchant  in  China, 
late  J. P.  and  Member  of  the  Legislative  Council  of 
Hong  Kong;  married  Jane,  widow  of  Rev.  James 
Gwynne,  Rector  of  Cork,  and  daughter  of  the  late 
Charles  Osbum,  Fareham,  Hants ;  living  1884. 

4.  Arthur  Peers  Parry;  died  in  Londoij  in  1882, 
having  married,  in  Sydney,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
George  Norman,  and  left  one  child, — Arthur  Norman 
Parry;  living  1884. 

5.  George  Augustus,  in  U.S.,  America. 

III.  Joseph  Markham  Parry,  M.A.,  St.  John's, 
Cantab.,  born  1795,  Vicar  of  Muskham-cum-Holme, 
Notts.,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  J.  Baruch,  Esq., 
of  St.  Petersburg,  and  died  without  issue. 

APPENDIX. 

Extracts  from  Registers  re  '^Farry'^  (a  few  of  which  only  relate 

to  the  above  family). 

Welshpool. 
1646.  April  3,  HnmfriduB  filins  (?)  Qregoris  Parry. 
1646.  Eaterina,  uxor.  Johannis  Parry. 
1653.  Elizabetha  uxor  (?)  Galfridi  Parry. 
1678.  Deo.  25,  Henricus  filius  Humffredi  Parry  et  Martha 
uxor. 

1695.  May  9,  Baptized  Henry,  son  of  Henry  Parry  and  Mary 
his  wife. 

1696.  Feb.  29,  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Parry. 

1695.  May  22,  Henry,  son  of  Henry  Parry,  was  buried. 
1695.  Oct.  23,  buried  Mary  Parry,  widow  of  Llanerchydol. 

A  A  2 


356  WELSH   POOL. 

1698.  Aug.  23,  Maria  f.  Galfrida  Parry  et  ElizabethaB. 

1700.  June,  Mary,  wife  of  Henry  Parry,  glover,  of  Poole. 

1700.  July,  Harry  Parry  boned. 

1710.  March  1,  Martha  uxor  Bicardi  Parry  Llanerchydol 
sepnlt. 

1712.  April,  Maria  fil.  Thomas  Parry  de  Llanerchydol  bap- 
tised. 

Registers  from  1701-8  lost. 

Bbttws  in  Caedbwen,  Newtown. 

1662.  Thomas  and  Mary,  children  of  Henry  Parry,  Cler.,  and 
Mary  his  wife,  baptised. 

1663.  Henry,  son  of  Henry  Parry,  Cler.,  was  buried. 

1664.  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry  Parry  and  Mary  his 
wife,  buried. 

1664.  Mary  ye  wife  of  Henry  Parry,  buried. 
1667.  Jacobus,  son  of  —  Parry,  Cleri.,  filius  et  Sara  Mytton 
uxoris  ejus  baptizatus  fuit  festa  S.  Andrea^ 
1669.  Elizabeth.  „  '    „ 

1679.  Katherine.  „  „ 

1672.  Samuel. 

Llanddebfel,  Cobwen. 
1675.  Henry  Parry  inducted  Rector. 

1675.  Henrici  bapt'd  f.  Henry  Parry,  Cler.,  and  Sara  Mytton 
his  wife. 

1678.  Elenora  and  Anna  bapt'd  f. 

From  the  Annual  Register. 
1770.  Oct.  18,  William  Parry,  to  Rear- Admiral  of  the  Red. 
1770.  Oct  24,  WilUam  Parry,  Vice-Admiral  of  the  Blue. 

1774.  Thomas  Parry,  Esq.,  died ;  receiver  for  Queen  Anne's 
Bounty. 

1775.  William  Parry,  Esq.,  Deputy-Comptroller  of  H.M. 
Mint,  and  Clerk  in  the  Navy  Office ;  died. 

1779.  William  Parry,  Admiral  of  the  Blue,  died  April. 
1 779.  Sir  Alexander  Parry,  Bart.,  died  July. 
1784.  John  Parry,  Member  of  Parliament. 

1776.  William  Parry,  Esq.,  died  31st  Oct.,  son  of  Admiral 
Parry. 

From  the  European  Magazine. 

1797,  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  aged  nineteen,  Hum- 
phrey Parry,  Esq.,  Lieut,  of  the  First  Regiment  of  Guards. 

1798.  Mr.  Thomas  Parry  died,  one  of  the  Aldermen  of 
Welshpool.  

(To  be  continued.) 


357 


**  MILITIA  OF  MONTGOMERYSHIRE"  IN  1684. 


In  the  article  on  the  "Royal  Montgomery  Regiment  of 
MiKtia",  by  Major  Harrison,  printed  in  this  volume 
{supra,  page  181),  it  is  stated  that  it  was  difficult  to 
ascertain  the  date  of  its  first  formation,  and  the  writer 
Quoted  two  documents  from  the  Record  Office,  which 
fixes  such  date  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  year  1763. 

A  member  of  the  Club  (Mr.  T.  B.  Barrett)  oalled  our 
attention  to  a  passage  in  the  privately  printed  volume, 
entitled,  "  An  Account  of  the  Progress  of  His  Grace 
Henry,  the  first  Duke  of  Beaufort,  through  Wales, 
1684,"  which  indicated  the  existence  of  a  regiment  of 
Militia  at  a  much  earlier  period ;  and  upon  searching  we 
found  we  had  already  printed  the  passage  in  question 
in  the  Montgomeryshire  Collections,  vol.  xiii,  p.  282, 
as  a  record  of  the  visit,  in  almost  regal  state,  of  the 
President  of  the  Council  of  the  Marches  of  Wales  to 
Welshpool  and  Powis.  Castle  at  that  period. 

We  now  reproduce  the  passage  : — 

Montgomery.* 

"  Militia  of  Montgomeryshire  consisted  of  four  companies  of 
foot,  with  white  colours  flying,  and  one  troop  of  horse.  '  The 
standard  of  damask  carried  a  dexter  arm  arm'd  proper,  holding 
a  heart  gules,  and  in  an  escrowle  this  wrote,  Pro  Rege—for  the 
king,  with  tassels  of  gold  and  silver/ 

"  Saturday,  July  19,  1684— His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort 
left  London  in  order  to  his  generall  visitation  of  his  commands 
in  Wales,  and  arrived  this  day  at  Powis  Castle,  commonly  called 
Red  Castle,  having  been  met  in  his  way  by  the  chiefest  of  the 
gentry  of  that  part  of  Shropshire,  who  conducted  him  through 
Bishop's  Castle.  .  .  . 

"And  the  said  gentlemen  of  that  county  having  brought 
him  to  their  confines,  his  Grace  was  met  soon  after  by  those 
of  the  county  of  Montgomery — the  first  shire  of  this  progress 

^  The  Beaufort  Progress  throilgh  Wales,  p.  26. 


358  MILITIA   OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE   IN    1684. 

of  North  Wales ;  and  afc  a  convenient  place  in  the  road  was 
their  troop  drawn  up,  the  officers  being  in  very  noble  equippage. 
Advancing  farther  towards  Welshpool,  his  Grace  fonnd  the  foot 
likewise  drawn  up,  with  all  their  officers  at  ye  head  of  them, 
where  he  saw  them  exercise,  and  make  severall  good  volleys. 
The  Horse  in  like  manner  performed  their  daty. 

'*  Saturday,  July  19. — His  Grace  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  lay 
that  night  at  Powis  Castle,  from  whence,  the  following  day 
being  Sunday,  July  20th,  he  went,  accompanied  by  the  Earl  of 
Worcester,  Sir  John  Talbot,  and  a  great  number  of  knights, 
militia  officers  and  gentlemen,  besides  the  officers  of  his  family, 
Ludlow  and  attendants,  to  the  church  of  Welshpool,  where  divine 
service  was  read,  and  a  loyall  sermon  preached  by  the  Rev. 
.  .  .  ;  the  militia  foot,  with  their  respective  officers,  making  a 
guard  for  his  passing  and  retume  through  ye  town,  when 
the  magistracy  also  attended  him  in  their  formalities,  after 
which  his  Grace,  the  Earle  of  Worcester,  Lord  Herbert  of  Ohir- 
bury,  Sir  John  Talbot,  and  most  of  the  gentlemen  of  Mont* 
gomeryshire,  were  very  nobly  entertained  at  Powis  Castle, 
though  neither  the  Earl  of  Powis  nor  his  Countess  was 
there." 

From  this  it  wiH  be  seen  that,  as  early  as  1684,  a 
regiment  of  Montgomeryshire  Militia  had  been  formed, 
and  that  it  was  composed  of  four  companies  of  Foot 
and  one  troop  of  Horse. 

The  heraldic  insignia  borne  on  the  standard  of 
damask  was  a  dexter  arm  armed  proper,  holding  a 
heart  gules,  and  it  is  not  easy  to  determine  its  origin. 
Andrew  Newport   was  Gustos  Rotulorum  of  Mont- 

fomeryshire  between  the  death  of  Edward  Lord 
[erbert  of  Chirbury  in  1678,  and  Henry  Lord  Herbert 
of  Chirbury  in  1679.  There  is  a  family  of  "Newport" 
who  bears  for  its  crest  "a  dexter  arm  embowed  in 
armour  garnished  or,  holding  in  the  hand  ppr.  a  sword 
or  hilt  and  pommel  or" 

The  Lord  President  reviewed  the  regiment  probably 
in  his  official  capacity.  When  this  Militia  was  formed, 
and  whether  it  continued  to  exist  until  1763,  when  the 
present  body  was  enrolled,  will  be  a  subject  for  future 
research. 


.••<^L-^*^k:^?<^. 


MONT.  Coll.,  Vol  xvii    To  be  mounted  between  pp.  358  and  339. 


iAHTH. 


359 


HALF-TIMBER     HOUSES      OF 
MONTGOMERYSHIRE.^ 


III. — Penarth. 

A  FEW  miles  from  Newtown,-  on  the  Welshpool  road, 
the  ridges  of  its  quaint  gables  just  peeping  over  the 
surrounding  trees,  inviting  a  closer  examination  than  is 
to  be  obtained  from  the  highway,  stands  Penarth. 

In  plan  it  is  somewhat  like  Trewem,  described  in  a 
previous  paper;  but  so  many  alterations  have  from 
time  to  time  been  effected,  and  such  a  clean  sweep  made 
of  portions  of  the  interior,  that  it  is  difl&cult  when  once 
inside  to  imagine  it  other  than  an  ordinary  nineteenth 
century  house. 

The  centre  portion,  occupied  by  the  Hall,  and  entered 
from  a  small  porch,  has  jiow  been  converted  into  a 
kitchen  and  entrance-hall,  divided  by  a  partition  and 
chimney.  The  entrance-hall  contains  a  perfectly  plain 
modern  stair. 

The  fireplace  in  the  kitchen  is  rather  curiously  placed ; 
if  this  was  the  original  plan  (and  there  appears  no 
evidence  to  the  contrary),  it  shows  a  development  of  the 
usual  H -shaped  hall  plan. 

On  the  left  of  the  entrance,  and  forming,  with  the 
rooms  over,  the  gable  on  the  left  in  the  illustration,  are 
the  parlour,  about  14'  0'  x  12'  0",  and  small  room  at 
the  back,  14'  0"  x  Y  0"  wide.  This  small  room  is  the 
only  one  that  contains  a  vestige  of  ancient  workman- 
ship, and  here  the  molded  beams  and  joists  of  the  floor 
above  are  visible,  dark  and  time-stained,  but  brightened 
up  with  modern  varnish.  Beyond,  and  approached 
through  this  room,  are  two  store-rooms,  forming  a  small 
lean-to  offshoot  to  the  main  building. 
*  Contioiied  from  p.  164. 


360  HALF-TIMBER   HOUSES 

Betracing  our  steps  across  the  hall  and  kitchen,  a 
door  leads  to  the  back-kitchen,  the  largest  room  in  the 
house,  which,  with  its  upper  story,  forms  the  right  gable 
in  the  illustration;  and  here,  as  atTrewem,  a  short  flight 
of  steps  leads  down  to  the  milk-house  and  cheese-room, 
whilst  a  wash-house,  and  another  room  now  utilised  as 
a  back  entrance,  occupy  a  corresponding  offshoot  to  the 
store-rooms  at  the  opposite  end  of  the  building. 

Externally,  the  house  is  constructed  from  sill  to  roof- 
tree  of  timber  framing,  the  angle  posts  being  quite  12 
inches  square,  and  the  cambered  beams  at  the  springing 
of  the  gables  measuring  in  their  widest  part  nearly 
2'  0''  on  the  face. 

The  plain  severity  of  the  arrangement  of  the  quarter- 
ing, contrasting  strongly  with  the  fantastic  richness  of 
Maesmawr,  or  the  more  regular  though  rich  workman- 
ship exhibited  at  Trewern,  is  very  striking,  the  framing 
being  formed  of  straight  pieces  of  timber,  arranged 
vertically  or  diagonally.  Not  a  single  curved  piece  is  to 
be  seen  anywhere  in  the  building.  This,  too,  is  one  of 
the  very  few  buildings  of  the  period  in  which  an  evident 
attempt  has  been  made  to  obtain  a  regularity  of  effect 
throughout  The  two  gables  correspond  in  every  par- 
ticular, and  the  only  exception  to  the  rule  is  the  position 
of  the  porch,  which,  for  obvious  reasons,  is  placed  out 
of  the  centre  of  the  Hall. 

A  near  neighbour  of  Penarth  is  Cilgwrgan,  another 
timber-house,  but  so  overhung  with  ivy  and  creepers 
as  to  be  almost  indistinguishable.  This  house  was  noted 
in  coaching  days  for  its  seven  huge  Scotch  firs,  "  The 
Seven  Sisters  of  Cilgwrgan".  Whilst  close  to  Abermule, 
until  a  few  years  ago,  was  the  Court,  now  (alas !  that 
we  should  have  to  write  it),  to  the  regret  of  both  owner 
and  occupant,  numbered  with  those  tnat  are  gone. 


Mont.  Coll.,  Vol.  xviL    To  be  mounted  between  pp.  380  and  361. 


i:K. 


OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  361 

IV.— Park. 

About  a  mile  and  a  half  from  Caersws  Station,  to  the 
left  of  the  Cambrian  Eailway,  and  on  a  steep  hillside 
overlooking  the  valley  towards  Llandinam,  is  Park,  or 
Park  Pen  Pryse,  as  it  is  called  in  the  title  deeds  and 
grants  of  Elizabeth,  and  the  legal  squabbles  that 
occurred  in  her  successors  reign. 

The  house  has  been  a  large  one  of  its  kind^  and 
although  modernised  and  improved  (!),  as  far  as  the 
outside  is  concerned,  yet  the  interior  possesses  many 
features  of  great  interest,  for  the  most  part  sadly 
mutilated,  and  now  bidding  fair  to  go  the  way  of  all 
houses,  ancient  and  modern. 

Descending  the  hill  over  which  the  drive  from  the 
highroad  passes,  there  is  nothing  in.  the  appearance  of 
the  house  to  call  for  a  second  look,  except  the  well- 
chosen  site  and  the  lovely  view  of  the  distant  hills  across 
the  vaUey ;  but  directly  the  threshold  of  what  is  now  an 
almost  unused  back-entrance  is  crossed,  a  vision  recalling 
far  away  times  is  at  once  seen,  and  looking  on  the 
panelled  walls  and  heavily  timbered  stairs,  now  all 
creaking  beneath  the  footsteps,  and  mouldering  slowly 
to  ruin,  no  very  lively  imagination  is  requisite  to  people 
the  old  place  with  ghostly  Leicesters  in  jewelled 
doublets  and  trunk  hose,  and  straight-backed  dames  in 
ruffles  and  brocade. 

It  is  very  gloomy  now,  is  this  old  portion  of  the  house, 
and  almost  entirely  unused  for  residential  purposes. 

I'he  plan  is  of  an  irregular  L-shape,  with  the  stair- 
case projecting  from  the  lower  foot  of  the  L ;  it  is  a 
two-story  building,  with  cellars  beneath,  and  garrets  in 
the  roof  above.  The  staircase  is  worked  in  oak,  as  was 
invariably  the  custom,  and  moldings  run  on  such  unusual 
places  as  the  face  of  the  risers  of  the  stairs ;  and  the 
lavish  richness  of  the  panelling  and  carving  throughout 
indicates  the  possession  of  wealth  on  the  part  of  the 
original  founder  of  this  house,  and  the  belief  that  its 
erection  was  due  to  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester, 


362  HALF-TIMBER   HOUSES 

the  favourite  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  is  strengthened 
thereby. 

The  balustrade  of  the  stairs  is  very  curious,  each  panel 
or  flight  being  carved  out  of  a  thick  oak  plank  into  a 
kind  of  rustic  work,  and  much  variety  of  pattern  was 
introduced  :  handrails,  newels,  and  strings  are  all  richly 
molded,  and  are  strong  enough  to  support  an  elephant 
if  one  could  be  induced  to  ascend.  The  most  picturesque 
point  of  view  is  on  the  upper  floor,  and  it  is  that  portion 
which  the  illustration  represents. 

Turning  to  the  left  from  the  staircase,  we  enter  what 
was  formerly  the  Hall,  a  room,  before  the  alterations  that 
have  disfigured  it,  about  21  feet  square.  The  walls 
were  originally  covered  with  panelling  to  a  height  of 
5  feet  6  inches,  of  a  lighter  character  mam  that  in  other 
parts  of  the  house,  and  doubtless  a  mantel  equal  to 
those  existing  elsewhere  decorated  its  wide  chimney 
opening ;  but  this  has  disappeared,  and  the  Hall  itself 
has  been  cut  up  into  passages,  and  part  utilised  as  a 
kitchen  (now  disused),  the  divisions  being  formed  of 
richly  molded  panelling,  stripped  from  the  walls  of  an 
adjoining  room,  and  cut  into  fragments  to  be  fitted  in 
where  possible. 

On  the  right  of  the  entrance  to  the  Hall,  and  adjacent 
to  the  stairs,  are  two  rooms — one  a  small  one,  about 
12'  0"  X  7'  0",  denuded  of  panelling,  if  any  ever  existed; 
the  other  about  12'  0"  x  14'  0",  with  the  heavy -looking 
panelling,  cornice,  fireplace,  and  mantel  perfect  as  when 
made,  free  from  disfiguring  paint,  mellowed  and  darkened 
by  the  hand  of  time.  This  was  formerly  a  parlour,  or, 
perhaps,  a  book-room  or  study;  but  now,  like  the 
adjoining  one,  has  become  a  receptacle  for  lumber,  and 
is  thickly  colonised  by  rats. 

At  the  further  end  of  the  Hall,  on  the  right  of  the 
fireplace,  four  steps  lead  down  to  a  landing,  and  off  this 
is  a  large  room,  now  a  drawing-room,  of  similar  size  to 
the  Hall,  viz.,  about  21  .feet  square.  It  has  been,  in  a 
great  measure,  rebuilt  and  modernised,  except  the  fire- 
place, where,  for  once,  the  improver  stayed  his  hand,  and 


OF  MONTGOMfiRVSHlRB.  363 

consequently  we  still  have  the  old  work  left  to  show  us 
what  pleasure  and  pride  our  forefathers  took  in  the 
decoration  and  stateliness  of  their  houses.  The  chimney 
breast,  nearly  12  feet  wide,  breaks  out  into  the  room, 
and  above  the  fireplace,  now  filled  with  a  modem  stove, 
the  panelled  overmantel  heavily  molded,  and  slightly 
enriched  with  carving,  stretches  up  to  the  ceiling,  against 
which  it  stops  with  a  deep  rich  cornice,  formerly  con- 
tinued round  the  room.  We  should  be  thankful  to  the 
improver  for  this  small  portion  he  spared ;  but  his  mind 
rested  not  till  he  had  covered  the  brown  oak  with  thick 
coats  of  yellow  paint.  The  panelling  from  the  other 
sides  of  this  room  was  taken  to  divide  up  the  Hall,  as 
before  described. 

From  the  landing  a  further  descent  of  six  steps  takes 
us  past  a  small  steep  staircase  to  a  wide  passage  with 
a  window  much  curtailed  in  size,  but  still  showing  its 
original  moulded  wooden  muUions,  and  a  long  gallery- 
hke  way  leads  to  the  cellars  beneath  the  Hall  and  other 
rooms  already  described.  The  passage  was  probably 
part  of  the  original  kitchen  of  the  house,  which  (if  this 
surmise  is  correct)  would  have  occupied  the  whole 
space  now  partitioned  off  to  form  the  pleasant  little 
modern  sitting-room  and  entrance  to  the  house,  with 
the  store-rooms  adjoining. 

From  this  wide  passage  a  door  opens  into  the  yard, 
and  another  into  the  kitchen  (most  likely  the  old  back 
kitchen),  its  floor  still  paved  with  small  rough  pebbles, 
and  retaining  its  original  open  fireplace,  with  boilers 
and  baking-oven  close  adjoining. 

Upstairs  there  is  little  to  describe.  The  rooms  have 
been  much  altered.  Most  of  them  seem  to  have  been 
panelled  in  the  same  heavy  fashion  as  those  on  the 
ground-floor,  but  in  many  cases  this  has  been  removed 
and  destroyed.  In  one  bedroom  a  magnificently  carved 
mantel  still  remains,  probably  removed  from  some 
other  room  or  house,  for  nowhere  else  at  Park  does 
such  rich  carving  exist. 

Externally,  the  house  has  been  completely  modern- 


364  HALF-TIMBER   HOUSES 

ised,  and  red  brick  walls  have  displaced  or  hidden 
from  view  the  old  timber  framing  everywhere  but  at 
the  back  of  the  staircase  and  adjoining  rooms,  where 
the  stout  quarterings  and  massive  comer  posts,  13 
inches  on  the  face,  still  testify  to  the  "thorough" 
character  of  the  ancient  carpenters. 

The  garden,  from  the  steepness  of  the  hillside, 
naturally  took  the  form  of  a  terrace,  at  the  bottom  of 
which  is  a  stretch  of  turf,  strongly  suggesting 
a  bowling-green.  Beyond,  the  orchaxd  continues 
to  the  farm  buildings,  and  here  are  several  fine  yew 
and  fir  trees. 

The  farm  buildings  are  very  old,  constructed  entirely 
of  oak  framing  and  weather  boarding,  the  huge  size 
of  the  roof  timbers  being  in  strong  contrast  to  modern 
ideas  of  construction. 

Park  originally  formed  part  of  the  ancient  lordships 
of  Cyfeiliog  and  Arwystley,  and  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
VIII  became  the  property  of  the  Crown.^  In  the  time 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  a  document  of  the  nature  of  an 
Inquisition  gives  the  following  information  : — 

"  Ys  Koed  Comodd  or  Manor  its  Domains.  Farther  they 
say  yt.  ye  Queens  Majesty  hath  here  a  certain  domain  called 
parke  pen  pryse  w'h  was  called  parke  because  it  was  emparked 
for  a .  .  .  .*  of  coults  which  containeth  by  estimation  above 
XXX  acres  short  haye  a  hundred  acres  of  arable  landes  as  well 
within  ye  parke  as  without  &  a  hundred  acres  of  woods  p'cell 
of  ye  said  forest  called  frythe  pen  pryse  now  emparked  within 
ye  said  parke  all  which  premises  now  be  in  ye  hands  of 
William  Yarbert  &  of  late  in  ye  handes  of  Tho.  Golam  at  ye 
yearly  rent  of  xxvij*.  vd.'* 

Other  lands  adjoining  are  mentioned  as  belonging  to 
Park,  and  described,  and  many  particulars  are  given 
relating  to  "  Villa  de  Caersows",  but  no  mention  is 
made  of  the  house  at  Park,  so  probably  it  was  not  at 
that  time  built. 

Elizabeth,  in  the  fourteenth  year  of  her  reign,  granted 
the  whole  of  the  lordships  of  Cyfeiliog  and  Arwystley 
1  Mo7iL  Coll.,  vol.  iii,  p.  30.  ^  Word  illegible. 


OP  MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  365 

to  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of  Leicester ;  in  the  previous 
year,  however,  giving  a  lease  of  Park  for  thirty  years 
to  Sir  H.  Ratclme,  to  take  effect  after  the  expiry  of  a 
former  lease  to  Richard  Herbert  of  Park.  Sir  H. 
Ratcliffe  assigned  this  renewal  to  the  tenant  in  posses- 
sion, viz.,  Richard  Herbert. 

In  the  eighteenth  year  of  the  reign,  permission  was 
granted  to  Leicester  to  alienate  the  lordships  within 
the  four  years  ensuing. 

In  1578  Leicester  granted  to  Sir  John  Huband  (?), 
Edward  Herbert,  WUliam  Raynor,  and  John  Nuthal, 
'Ho  the  use  of  the  several  freeholders  of  the  said  lord- 
ship, all  the  lands  in  y V  several  possessions  as  they  are 
recited  in  the  said  deed,  to  hold  in  socage",  under 
which  deed  there  is  reserved  to  the  Earl  and  lus  heirs 
the  yearly  rent  of  £191  Ss.  lid. 

The  Earl,  too,  granted  a  fee  farm  of  all  lands  con- 
tained in  certain  former  leases  to  Sir  J.  Huband  and 
John  Nuthal,  to  hold  in  soccage  at  the  old  rent  of  5s.  6d., 
in  performance  of  an  agreement  between  him  and  his 
tenants,  and  money  paid  by  Sir  J.  Huband  and  John 
Nuthal,  "where,  in  truth,  there  was  no  agreement'', 
nor  money  paid. 

On  1st  October,  in  twenty-second  year  of  the  reign, 
the  Earl  granted  a  lease  to  John  Dudley  and  Arthur 
....  (name  illegible),  and  their  assigns,  for  twenty- 
one  years,  at  a  rent  of  £119  10^.  Id. 

On  20th  December,  in  twenty-third  year  of  the  reign, 
the  Earl  conveyed  to  the  Queen  all  the  lands  he  held, 
free  from  all  "conveyances",  saving  those  made  to 
Huband,  Herbert,  Raynor,  and  Nuthal,  and  also  the 
lease  made  to  John  Dudley  and  Arthur  ...  for 
twenty-one  years. 

Later  stiU,  by  the  Earl's  will,  the  sum  of  £40  per 
annum  rent  charge  was  left  to  the  Master  and  Fellows 
of  University  College,  Oxford,  for  the  maintenance  of 
two  poor  scholars. 

There  were  other  deeds  and  leases  to  different  people, 
the  effect  of  which  was  to  give  rise  to  disputes  in  the 
succeeding  reign. 


366  HALF-TIMBER   HOUSES 

A  note  following  the  statement  in  the  document 
before  quoted  expkins  that  Robert  Dudley,  Earl  of 
Leicester,  bequeaths  a  fee  farm  in  Wales  for  the  main- 
tenance of  two  scholars  at  University  College,  £20  to 
eacL  "  This  fee  farm  I  know  not  the  name  of  yt  but 
the  present  rent  is  about  fy  ve  pounds  a  year  and  worth 
6fty  or  three  score  pounds  when  the  years  be  out 
which  are  about  twenty  as  I  guesse  in  ye  meanwhile 
I  will  charge  my  Lord  of  Essex  (his  son)  with  ye  pay- 
ment of  ye  scholars  stipends."  By  whom  this  note 
was  written  does  not  appear. 

In  James  I's  reign  several  claimants  put  forward  their 
titles  to  this  property.  The  Crown  claimed  it;  the 
heirs  of  Sir  J.  Huband  and  John  Nuthal,  the  heirs  of 
the  Earl,  and  the  tenants  in  possession,  viz.,  the  Her- 
bert family,  all  made  statements  showing  their  title ; 
and  the  College,  too,  seemed  to  have  been  active  in  the 
general  scramble.  The  matter  was  eventually  settled 
(in  a  friendlv  spirit,  let  us  hope)  by  all  parties  with- 
drawing their  several  claims  in  favour  of  the  College, 
and  a  free  gift  of  it  was  made,  subject  to  the  main- 
tenance of  the  two  poor  scholars  for  ever. 

One  deed  of  gift  was  signed  by  "  H.  Huntingdon, 
X  Huntingdon, R.  Essex,  L.  Leycester,and  Ch's  Blount", 
and  dated  29th  June,  33  Elizabeth.  This  would  be 
some  three  years  after  the  death  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester 
himself,  "  R.  Essex"  being  Robert  Devereux,  Earl  of 
Essex,  Leicester's  step-son,  who  succeeded  him  in  the 
Queen's  favour,  and  perished  on  the  scaffold  in  1601. 
"  L.  Leycester",  his  mother,  and  widow  of  the  Earl  of 
Leicester ;  she  was  first  married  to  Walter  Devereux, 
first  Earl  of  Essex,  who  died  suddenly  in  1576.  Two 
days  after,  she  married  Leicester,  upon  whom  suspicion 
fell  of  having  poisoned  her  first  husband.  "Ch's 
Blount "  is  probably  Sir  Chas,  Blount,  a  rival  of  Essex 
in  the  Queens  favour,  and  with  whom  he  fought  a 
duel,  in  which  Blount  got  the  best  of  him.  How  he 
was  introduced  into  the  private  affairs  of  Leicester  and 
Essex  is  not  very  clear. 


OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  367 

John  Brown,  Thos.  Wentworth,  and  John  Carville, 
the  feoffees,  make  over  their  rights  to  the  College  28  th 
October  1611,  and  at  the  same  time  separate  deeds 
were  executed  by  Barbara  Herbert  of  Park,  who  signs 
with  a  X ,  Lewis  Powell  of  Carnoth  {qy.  Camo),  Jenkyn 
Lloyd  of  Berth  Llwyd,  Esqs. 

Other  disputes  were  settled  by  a  decree  of  the  Court 
of  Chancery,  in  1618,  in  favour  of  the  College  autho- 
rities, who  since  then  appear  to  have  held  undisputed 
possession  of  the  lands  of  Park  and  other  property  in 
the  neighbourhood. 

Following  this  deed,  executed  by  Leicester's  family, 
comes  one  executed  by  "John  Nuthal  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  London,  son  and  heir  of  John  Nuthal,  Esq.'* 

These  particulars  as  to  the  College  becoming  the 
owners  of  land  in  Montgomeryshire  I  owe  to  the  kind- 
ness of  the  present  Bursar,  Mr.  Faulkner,  who  placed 
at  my  disposal,  during  a  short  stay  in  Oxford,  a 
manuscript  work  compiled  in  the  beginning  of  the  last 
century  by  the  then  Bursar,  which  describes  the 
different  properties  of  the  College,  giving  many  inter- 
esting particulars  of  them  and  their  donors,  the  manner 
in  which  they  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Master 
and  Fellows,  and  detailing,  in  many  cases  at  great 
length,  the  course  of  different  law-suits  that  the  College 
had  to  withstand  to  maintain  their  rights.  The 
accounts  relating  to  Park  are  rather  meagre  and  dis- 
connected, and  it  is  difficult  to  see  the  sequence  be- 
tween the  grants  and  leases  originally  made,  and  the 
rights  and  titles  of  the  claimants  a  little  later  on. 
Tney  are  interesting  more  from  the  names  attached  to 
them,  connecting  people  of  historic  renown,  as  well  as 
those  whose  dee^  and  lives  have  passed  into  obscurity, 
with  Powysland,  than  from  any  other  reason. 

Various  members  of  the  Herbert  and  Piyce  families 
resided  at  Park.  One  of  the  latter,  who  is  immortal- 
ised in  Llanwnog  Church,  appears  to  have  beeur  the 
possessor  of  virtues  and  mental  endowments  so  abund- 
ant that  small  type  had  to  be  employed  to  bring  them 


368      HALF-TIMBER   HOUSES   OF   MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 

within  the  compass  of  the  monument  erected  by  his 
sorrowing  widow.  He  died  at  the  a^  of  sixty,  on 
January  23rd,  1699,  and  tradition  hath  it  that  he  came 
to  a  watery  grave  in  Camo  brook,  after  dining  not 
wisely  but  too  well  at  Maesmawr. 

For  the  future  of  the  house  itself,  it  is  earnestly  to 
be  hoped  that,  in  the  event  of  repairs  or  rebuilding 
taking  place  —  an  event  that  cannot,  from  the 
nature  of  things,  be  far  off — ^the  College  authorities 
will  see  their  way  to  treating  with  a  tender  hand  all 
that  remains  of  this  relic  of  "  Old  Montgomeryshire". 

Thos.  Edward  Prycb. 
9,  Argyll  Street,  W. 


MEDI>EVAL    SEAL     FOUND    AT 
LITTLE    VOWNOQ,    BER8HAM,    CO.    DENBIGH. 


i>Ar,i,ASTiNr. 


Mont.  Coll.:  Vol.  xvii. 
to  fnar.  ixiqt  S69. 


KNORAVKD  AHD    PRIKTKD  BY   D,   C.   DALLAS.   18,  CRANE   COURT,   WitET  HTREET,  LONDON. 


369 


MEDIAEVAL  SEAL  FOUND  AT  LITTLE  VOW- 
NOG,  BERSHAM,  CO.  DENBIGH. 


The  matrix  of  the  seal,  represented  in  the  acx5ompanying 
plate,  was  dug  up  about  two*  years  ago  in  the  garden 
of  a  cottage  at  the  Little  Vownog,  Bersham,  county 
Denbigh,  and  came  subsequently  into  the  possession  of 
Mr.  Edward  Eowland,  of  Bryn  Offa,  near  Wrexham, 
who  has  now  permitted  it  to  be  engraved. 

The  seal  is  of  mixed  metal,  and  the  rim  of  it  so 
corroded  as  to  render  the  legend  exceedingly  difficult 
to  decipher.  It  was  lent  to  the  writer,  who,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Mr.  Morris  C.  Jones,  F.S.A.,  forwarded 
it  for  examination  to  Mr.  Charles  S.  Perceval,  Treasurer 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.  Mr.  Perceval  pronounced 
it  to  be  *'  the  seal  of  a  knight  living  in  the  early  part 
of  the  twelfth  century",  and  subsequently  stated  that 
•'the  long  garments  reaching  below  the  feet  of  the 
rider,  the  'coiffe  de  maiUes  without  *heaume',  and 
the  absence  of  bardings  on  the  horse,  render  a  much 
later  date  impossible." 

Of  the  lettering*  Mr.  Perceval  thus  writes: — "The 
legend  begins  in  the  right  place  (at  the  top  of  the  seal, 
over  the  knight's  head,  but  slightly  to  the  right),  with 
a  iji .  The  usual  legend  would  be  '  iji  sigillum  (or 
sometimes  'signum')  Roberti  de  Multone  \  or  whatever 
the  name  might  be.  In  the  present  instance  I  cannot 
read  either  'sigillum'  or  'signum*.  The  first  four 
letters  looh  like  homo — I  do  not  say  that  they  are. 
Near  the  horse's  forefeet  I  read,  but  very  doubtfully, 
ADB  [the  A  is  certain],  and,  still  more  doubtfully,  fil 
next  to  it.  So  that  if  a  word  synonymous  with  sigillum 
could  be  read  between  the  iji  and  the  A,  we  should 

have  '^  sigillum  ade  filii The  seal  of  Adam, 

son  of  ....  '    The   last   letters  of  the   legend    run 

VOL.  XVII.  B  B 


370  MEDIiEVAL   SEAL. 

RVA  .  This  final  character  or  object  looks  very 
much  as  if  it  belonged  to  the  coiflfe  or  helmet  worn  by 
the  knight,  although,  so  far  as  I  know,  nothing  like  a 
crest  appears  so  early.  If  we  can  thus  get  rid  of  the 
final  there   remains  a  very  possible   termination 

ARVA  or  ERVA,  for  a  local  surname. ' 

We  are  unable  to  suggest  any  local  surname  which, 
rendered  into  Latin,  would  have  the  termination  arva 
or  ERVA.  We  may  state  that  Chevalier  Lloyd  is  of 
opinion  that  the  seal,  being  of  a  knight  of  the  twelfth 
century,  must  have  belonged  to  one  of  the  Welsh  lords, 
inasmuch  as  the  Lords  Marcher  did  not  get  possession 
of  Maelor  or  Chirk  till  1282. 

Availing  ourselves  of  the  Chevalier's  work.  The 
History  of  Powys  Fadog,  we  may  venture  to  suggest 
two  persons  of  the  name  of  Adda — (1)  a  descendant 
of  Tudor  Trefor,  Adda,  fourth  son  of  Ednyved  ab 
Llywarch,  Lord  of  Chirk,  Nantheudwy,  Whittington, 
Oswestry,  Maelor  Isaf,  and  Ellesmere,  who  was  living 
drca  1100  (vol.  i,  p.  310);  (2)  Adda  ap  Awr,  of  Llys 
Trevor  in  Nantheudwy,  whose  descendants  are  traced  in 
two  pedigrees,  under  the  manor  of  Y  Glewysegl,  in  the 
History  of  Powys  Fadog^  vol.  iii,  pp.  66,  68;  but  we 
know  nothing  further  than  the  name  that  could  identify 
either  of  these  persons  with  the  knight  of  the  seal. 

The  Little  Vownog,  where  the  seal  was  discovered, 
is  a  small  hamlet  remote  from  any  of  the  houses  that 
in  the  older  Bersham  were  of  any  importance.  Ber- 
sham,  however,  is  parcel  of  the  manor  of  Esclusham, 
and  the  Little  Vownog  is  situate  within  a  few  hundred 
yards  of  Esclus  Hall  (now  called  Esless  Hall),  in  the 
adjoining  township  of  Esclusham,  a  house  formerly  of 
considerable  importance.  But  although  Esclus  Hall 
was  in  existence  long  before  the  time  of  Charles  the 
First,  we  have  been  unable  to  discover  the  names  of  any 
of  its  owners  who  lived  before  that  date.  Nor  are  the 
names  of  any  of  the  earlier  Lords  of  Esclusham  known. 
Wrexham.  Alfred  N.  Palmer. 


371 


INSCRIBED   STONE,  CALLED  Y  GARREGLWYD, 
AT  ABERHAVESP. 


//  "'.■;!'. '/Ml'/ 


This  stone,  of  which  an  engraving  is  given  above, 
stands  on  an  elevated  spot  at  the  junction  of  three 
parishes,  namely,  Aberhavesp,  Bettws,  and  Tregynon, 
which  commands  a  very  extensive  prospect.  To  the 
west,  at  a  distance  of  about  three  miles  in  a  bee  line, 
lies  the  ancient  Roman  station  of  Caersws,  with  the 
surrounding  plain  backed  by  Cefn  Camedd,  and  still 
westward  the  narrow  gorge  of  the  Carno  Valley. 
South-westward,  the  Severn  may  be  seen  like  a  silver 
thread,  emerging  from  the  direction  of  Llanidloes 
through  the  vale  of  Llandinam.  To  the  south  the 
prospect  is  bounded  by  the  Mochdre  and  Kerry  hills. 
Eastward,  the  Breidden  and  Moel  y  Golfa  form  pro- 
minent objects  in  the  landscape  ;  and  northward,  on  a 
dear  day,  I  believe  Snowdon  may  be  seen. 

The  stone  itself  is  a  somewhat  rough  boulder, 
36  inches  high  at  the  highest  point  and  33  inches  on 
the  other,  a  large  portion  of  it  evidently  being  buried 
l)eneath  the  surface.  Its  circumference  round  the  base 
is  10  feet;  near  the  top,  6  feet  3  inches.  The  letters  cut 
upon  it  are  Roman  in  character.     They  are  boldly  cut, 

B  B  2 


372  INSCRIBED  STONE. 

and  about  3  inches  long.  What  they  represent  I  have 
not  been  able  to  discover  or  even  to  guess  at  The 
illustration  may  enable  experts  to  form  some  opinion 
on  the  subject,  and  with  that  view  it  is  given. 

I  first  saw  the  stone  about  five  years  ago,  but 
omitted  then  to  take  a  copy  of  the  inscription.  On 
the  4th  August  1884  I  saw  it  again,  and  made  a  sketch 
of  it  and  a  copy  of  the  inscription.  I  was  sorry  to 
observe  that  a  portion  of  the  surface  near  the  lower 
inscription  had  very  recently  been  chipped  and  knocked 
off.  This  was  probably  done,  I  am  told,  by  a  cart  driv- 
ing against  it  a  few  months  ago.  The  Ordnance  Sur- 
veyors have  with  some  trouble  succeeded  in  carving  the 
broad  arrow  on  the  back  of  the  stone. 

The  stone  lies  on  Tynyrwtra  farm — ^more  generally 
known  by  the  name  of  Garreglwyd,  from  this  parti- 
cular stone — the  property  of  Stuart  Rendel,  Esq.,  M.P, 
It  is  in  a  wheat  field,  within  about  half-ardozen  yards 
of  a  highway. 

Before  the  building  of  their  chapel  at  the  neighbour- 
ing hamlet  of  Bwlchyffridd,  the  Independents  used  to 
meet  for  worship  in  Tynyrwtra  farmhouse.  About 
eighty  years  ago  the  Rev.  Rowland  Hill  visited  the 
neighbourhood,  and  owing  probably  to  the  farmhouse 
being  too  small  to  hold  the  congregation,  the  meeting 
was  held  in  the  field,  he  preaching  to  the  multitude 
from  the  top  of  the  stone. 

The  stone  has  every  appearance  of  being  an  ancient 
landmark,  and  was  possibly  on  that  account  chosen  as  a 
mere  stone  to  mark  the  junction  of  three  parishes.  Its 
name  ("  The  Holy"  or  "Blessed  Stone ')  would  lead  us  to 
suppose  that  at  one  time  there  were  religious  associa- 
tions connected  with  it,  all  tradition  of  which,  however, 
has  now  been  lost.  The  description  given  in  the 
Enclosure  Award  of  the  parish  boundaiy  refers  to  "the 
Abbot's  ditch"  aa  being  near  it. 

R  Williams. 


373 


MISCELLANEA. 

{CwUiniLed  from  Vol,  xvi,  page  412.) 


CII. 

Montgomery. 

Patent  Roll,  14  Elizabeth,  Part  7.     Membrane  (18). — 32. 

P*  WilVo  Jeames  et  Jolie  Orey  de  con  sibi  et  hered!, 

Beoina  Om'ib'  ad  quos  etc.  Sal't'in  Cum  nos  p'  Tras  n^ras 
patentes  sab  magno  sigillo  n'ro  Anglie  confectas  gerentes  dat' 
apud  Goramburye  vicesimo  quarto  die  Julii  Anno  regni  n'ri 
duodecimo  p'  diu'ais  bonis  causis  et  consideracoib'  in  d'cis 
Tris  n'ris  patentiV  content'  et  s'pificat'  de  gra'  n'ra  sp'ali  ac 
ex  c'ta  sciencia  et  mero  motu  n'ris  p'  miserim'  p'  nob'  hered'  et 
successorib'  n'ris  dare  concedere  assurare  et  assignare  dil'co 
nob*  Thome  Wentworth  militi  d'no  Wentworth  hered*  et  assign' 
suis  siue  buiusmodi  alie  parsone  vel  parsonis  ut  p'dictus  D'us 
Wentworth  hered'  vel  executores  sui  no'iarent  assignarent  vel 
appunctuarent  et  hered*  vel  assign'  suis  in  food'  firma  tot'  et 
tant'  om'i  huiusmodi  n'ror'  D'nior'  ManMor'  parcor'  mesuag' 
molendinor*  t'rar*  ten'  boscor'  subboacor'  reddituu'  reucOnu' 
s'uicior  r'aoriar*  et  hereditamentor'  ac  Advocanu'  eisdem 
spectan.  cum  eor*  p'tin'  quo'i^'cumq'  infra  hoc  Regnu'  n'r'm 
Anglie  et  D'niV  eiusdem  ut  tunc  siue  antetunc  fuer'  concelat' 
substract*  et  iniuste  detent'  a  noV  siue  ab  aliquo  p'genitor' 
n'ror'  Begum  vel  Regine  huius  Regni  n'ri  Et  que  ad  manus 
n'ras  siue  ad  manus  et  possessionem  aliquor^  nup'  n'ror' 
p'genitor  deuenire  debuissent  ro'ne  vel  p'textu  alicuius  actus 
Parliamenti  Statuti  siue  legis  huius  regni  n'ri  Anglie  siue 
ro'ne  alicuius  forisf 'c'ure  attincture  utlagarie  reu'terent  rema- 
nerent  siue  escaet'  siue  alio  quocumq'  modo  vel  medio  undo 
exit  et  p'ficua  adtunc  siue  antetunc  nob'  non  fuerunt  responci' 
Ac  que  p'  p'fatum  Thomam  D'n'm  Wentworth  hered'  execu- 
tores vel  assign'  sues  siue  eor'  aliquem  fiunt'  reuelat'  vel  inventa 
p'  supMusum  Inquisic'o'em  Informac'o'om  vel  alit'  ut  attingint 
ad  clar*  annu'  valorem  dacentar'  librar'  et  non  ult*  ult*  et  p't 
om'ia  on'a  et  repris.  Hend'  tenend'  et  gaudend'  p'd'ca' 
d'nia  man'ia  t'ras  boscos  et  Aduocac'o'es  et  hereditament'  et  alia 
p'missa  cum  eor'  p'tin'  p'fato  Thome  D'no  Wentworth  hered' 


374  MISCELLANEA. 

et  assign'  suis  imp'p'm  sine  huius  modi  alio  p'sone  vel  p'sonis 
hered'  et  assign*  suis  ut  p'ditus  Thomas  D'us  Wentworth  hered* 
vel  executores  sni  no'iarent  et  appnnctuar.  Beddend'  et  solnend* 
p'inde  annnatim  nob'  hered'  et  successorib'  n'ris  tantnm  annnal' 
reddit  ut  ad  quantum  eadem  attingint  sup'inderi  sine  inueniri 
vel  alit'  constari  p'  Record  antetunc  respondisse  p'eisdem  ad 
festujn  S'c'i  Mich'is  Arch'i  tantum  p*  om'ib'  s'uiciis  et  demand' 
quibuscumq'  p'  ut  p'p'd'c'as  I'ras  n'ras  patentes  int'  alia  plenuis 
apparet'  Sciatis  q'd  nos  in  complementum  partis  p'missionis 
doni  et  concessionis  p'  nos  ut  p'fert*  fact'  de  gra'  n'ra  sp'iali  ac 
ex  c'ta  Sciencia  et  mero  motu  n'ris  dedim'  et  concessim'  ac  p' 

?'flentes  p'  noV  hered*  et  successorib'  n'ris  dam'  et  concedim' 
HPcis  et  fidelib'  Subditis  n'ris  Will'o  James  de  Ciuitate  n'ra 
London  Gen'oso  et  Joh'i  Grey  de  Nettlested  in  Com'  n'ro  Suff* 
Gen'oso.  ....... 

Ac  tot'  illam  p'cell   t're'  n'ram  vocat'  a  Eood  land  iacen  in 
parocbia   de  Montgom'ye  ac  eodem  Com'  n'ro  Mountgom'ye 
modo  in  tenura  Edmundi  Harbert  Armig'i  p'  p'petua  manu- 
ten'c'o'e  luminius  vocat  the  Rood  Lighte  dat'  et  appunctuat' 
existen.  ..... 

Hend'  tenend'  et  gaudend'  om'ia  p'd'c'a  Collegia  sine  EccVias 
Collegiat'  Prebend' Canonical  et  porc'o'esR'cori'aset  cum  om'ib' 
etcet  singulis  suis  p'tinen'unin'sis  sup'u'is  sp'ifioat'et  recitat'  et 
quaml't'  indep'cellam  p'fatis  WilFo  James  Gen'oso  et  Joh'i  Grey 
Gen'os  hered'  et  assign'  suis  in  feodi  firma  imp'p'm  ad  solum  et 
p'priu'  opus  et  usum  ip'or'  James  et  Joh'is  Grey  Gen'osor'hered' 
et  assign'  suor'  imp'p'm  Tenend'  om'ia  et  singula  p'missa  p'd'ca 
et  p'concess'  de  nob'  hered'  et  successorib'  n'ris  in  lib'o  et  co'i 
Socagio  ut  de  ma'n'o  n'ro  de  Estgrenewich  in  Com'  n'ro  Kane' 
p'  fidelitatem  tantum  et  non  in  capite  Ac  reddend'  nob'  hered' 
et  successorib'  n'ris  de  et  p'  .  .  una  p'cell  t're 

vocat  Rode  Land  in  paroch'  de  Mountgom'ye  in  tenura  Ed- 
mundi Harbert  unu'  denariu'         ...... 

In  cuius  rei  etc.  T.  R.  apud  Westm'  decimo  die  Decembris. 
p'ipam  Reginam. 


cm. 

Herbertiana. 

Powis  House,  in  Great  Ormond  Street,  stood  on  the 
north  side  of  the  street  on  the  site  of  the  present 
Powis  Place.  It  was  built  in  the  latter  part  of  the 
reign  of  William  III,  by  William  Herbert,  Marquis 
of  Powis,  son  of  the  first  Marquis  of  Powis,  outlawed 


MISCELLANEA.  375 

for  his.  adherence  to  James  II,  and  was  burnt  down 
June  2Gth,  1713,  when  in  the  occupation  of  the  Due 
d'Aumont,  Ambassador  from  Louis  XIV.  The  house 
was  insured,  but  the  King's  dignity  would  not  permit 
him,  it  is  said,  to  suffer  a  fire  office  to  pay  for  the 
neglect  of  the  domestics  of  his  representative.^ 

rhe  front  of  the  new  house,  which  the  King  erected, 
was  of  stone,  with  fluted  pilasters,  and  surmounted  on 
the  coping  by  urns  and  statues.  Over  the  street  door 
was  a  Phoenix,  still  standing  (1850,  but  without  a 
head)  in  the  tympanum  of  the  pediment  of  the  house 
No.  51. 

The  ornament  above  the  capitals  of  the  pilasters  was 
the  Gallic  cock. 

The  staircase  was  painted  by  Giacomo  Amiconi,  a 
Venetian  painter  of  some  reputation  in  this  country. 
He  chose  the  story  of  "  Holofemes",  and  painted  the 
personages  of  his  story  in  Roman  dresses.  On  the  top 
was  a  great  reservoir  used  as  a  fish-pond  and  a  resource 
against  fire.  Phillip  Yorke,  Lord  Chancellor  Hard- 
wicke,  resided  upwards  of  twenty  years  in  the  second 
Powis  House,  which  was  taken  in  1777,  and  is  still 
preserved  to  us  in  a  large  engraving  sold  by  Thomas 
Bowles,  and  engraved  by  H.  Terrason.  (1714.  Cun- 
ningham's LondoUy  Past  and  Present.) 

Powis  House,*  in  the  north-west  angle  of  Lincoln's 
Inn  Fields,  the  town  house  of  the  noble  family  of 
Herbert,  built  in  1686  by  William,  Viscount  Mont- 
gomery and  Marquis  of  Powis,  and  forfeited  by  him  to 
the  Crown  for  his  steady  adherence  to  James  II. 

It  was  inhabited  for  a  time  by  the  great  Lord  Somers, 
and  in  February  1696-7  was  ordered  to  remain  in  the 
possession  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  during  his  custody 
of  the  Great  Seal.  It  was  subsequently  sold  to  Holies, 
Duke  of  Newcastle  (1711),  when  it  received  the  name 
of  Newcastle  House.     It  still  exists  (1850). 

Th6  architect  of  this   house  was  Captain    William 

*  European  Magazine  for  June  1804,  p.  429. 

*  Cunningham's  London,  Past  and  P resent ^  1850. 


376  MISCELLANEA. 

Winde,  a  scholar  of  Webb,  the  pupil  and  executor  of 
Inigo  Joaes.^ 

Sir  Henii^  Herbert^  brother  of  Lord  Herbert  of 
Chirbury  and  of  George  Herbert,  and  last  Master  of 
the  Revels,  lived  and  died  in  James  Street,  Covent 
Garden  (built  about  1637,*  and  so  called  in  compliment 
to  James,  Duke  of  York,  afterwards  James  II).  Sir 
Henry  lived  in  the  red  house,  the  last  but  one  before 
the  street  abuts  upon  Hart  Street.'  His  "  office  book", 
as  **  Master  of  the  Revels",  throws  much  light  on  the 
history  of  our  stage  and  drama  in  the  time  of  Charles  I. 
He  is  buried  in  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Garden,  a  church 
situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  market. 

Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury. — In  Blackfriars  Friary 
was  a  house  called  *'Hunsdon  House",  after  Henry 
Carey,  Baron  Hunedon,  Queen  Elizabeth's  cousin  and 
Lord  Chamberlain.  Here  lived  Isaac  Oliver,  the  famous 
miniature  painter ;  he  died  here  in  1617  ;  and  it  was  to 
him  that  Lady  Ayres,  wishing  to  have  a  copy  of  Lord 
Herbert's  picture  to  wear  in  her  bosom,  went  and 
"desired  him  to  draw  it  in  little  after  his  manner". 
(Cunningham's  London^  p.  57.) 

Old  Change,  Cheapside,  properly  "Old  Exchange",  a 
street  so  called  after  the  King's  Exchange  there  kept, 
which  was  for  the  receipt  of  bullion  to  be  coined.* 
Here  lived  Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury,  in  the  reign  of 
James  I,  "in  a  house  among  gardens  near  the  Old 
Exchange".  At  the  beginning  of  the  last  century  the 
place  was  chiefly  inhabited  by  Armenian  merchants*; 
at  present  it  is  principally  occupied  by  Manchester 
warehousemen. 

His  lordship  was  buried  at  St.  Giles's-in-the-Fields, 
a  parish  church  at  the  extreme  east  end  of  Oxford 
Street. 

Magdalen,   mother   of  Lord  Herbert  of  Chirbury, 

1  Walpole's  Anecdotes,  iii,  169.  »  Rate  Books  of  St.  Martin's. 

»  Rate  Books  of  Covent  Garden.  *  Stow,  p.  120. 

5  Styrpe,  B.  iii,  p.  141. 


MISCELLANEA.  377 

was  buried  at  St  Luke  s,  Chelsea  (Chelsea  Old  Church); 
ob.  1627.  Dr.  Donne  preached  her  funeral  sermon  in 
this  church,  and  Izaak  Walton  tells  us  he  heard  him. 
(Cunninghams  London^  Past  and  Presenty  p.  307.) 

E.  R.  M. 


CIV. 

Devolution  of  Property  called  "  Berthlas"  and 
"  Longhill''  in  Trefeglwys. 

1698,  June  20. — Indenture  made  between  Oliver  Bountford, 
of  the  parish  of  Treveglues,  in  the  county  of  Montgomery, 
yeoman,  of  the  one  part,  Roger  Davies,  of  the  aforesaid  parish 
of  Treveglues,  in  the  said  county,  gent,  and  Edward  Savadge, 
of  the  same  parish  and  county,  gent.,  of  the  other  part,  being 
a  settlement  (made  in  pursuance  of  an  agreement  made  between 
the  said  Oliver  Bountford  and  Morris  Davies,  late  of  Treveglues, 
gent.,  lately  deceased,  late  father  of  the  said  Roger  and 
Elizabeth,  now  the  wife  of  the  said  Oliver,  on  the  marriage  of 
the  said  diver  and  Elizabeth ;  and  of  £50  paid  by  the  said 
Roger  Davies  unto  the  said  Oliver  Bountford)  whereby  the  said 
Oliver  Bountford  granted  unto  the  said  Roger  Davies  and 
Edward  Savadge,  and  the  survivor  of  them,  his  and  their  heirs, 
all  that  messuage,  tenement,  and  lands  commonly  called  and 
known  by  the  name  of  Tythyn  y  kae  Glas,  with  the  appur- 
tenances, etc. ;  and  also  his  moiety  of  the  messuage  or  tene- 
ment called  Tyddyn  y  kae  Mawr,  in  as  large  and  ample  manner 
as  Oliver  Boundford,  grandfather  to  the  said  Oliver  Boundford, 
party  thereto,  purchased  the  same  from  Harry  Howell,  Nicholas 
Powell,  Lewis  Powell,  and  Edward  Powell,  late  of  the  parish 
of  Llanwonnogg,  in  the  said  county,  gent.,  deceased,  with  the 
appurtenances,  all  which  are  situate  in  the  several  townships 
of  Keven  Barrach  and  Bodayoch,  in  the  said  parish  of  Trev- 
eglues, and  are  now  in  the  occupation  of  the  said  Oliver  Bound- 
ford and  Richard  Parton,  his  undertenant  thereof,  and  all  rents, 
etc.,  to  hold  to  the  said  Roger  Davies  and  Edward  Savadge,  to 
the  use  of  the  said  Oliver  Boundford  for  his  natural  life,  with 
remainder  to  his  heirs  begotten  by  his  said  wife,  remainder  to 
his  heirs  begotten  by  any  other  wife  he  might  thereafter  marry, 
remainder  to  him  and  his  heirs  for  ever.  Proviso  for  securing 
to  the  said  Elizabeth,  in  case  she  should  survive  her  said  hus- 
band, of  an  annuity  of  £3  a  year,  in  lieu  of  dower  or  thirds 
charged  on  the  said  hereditaments,  and  recoverable  by  distress. 
Attestation  and   memorandum  of  delivery  of  seisin,  and    of 


378  MISCELLANEA. 

attornment  by  Richard  Parton  by  payment  of  twelve  pence  to 
the  said  trustees  in  the  name  of  attornment,  signed  by  Gabriel 
Goodwyn,  Matthew  Davies,  and  Richard  Owen.  Receipt  for 
£50,  signed  '^  Oliver  0  B  Bountford  his  marke'^  attested  by  the 
same  witnesses. 

The  above  property,  now  called  Berthlas  and  Longhill,  was 
in  April  1708  sold  by  the  said  Oliver  Boantford  (there  described 
as  of  Eeven  Barrach,  weaver)  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  to  Mr. 
George  Meddins  of  Penstrowed,  and  after  passing  through 
several  hands,  was  in  1827  purchased  by  the  late  Hugh  Jones, 
Esq.,  of  Llanidloes,  and  is  now  the  property  of  his  grand- 
daughter, Mrs.  Anne  Charles  Jones  of  Blackheath,  London. 

1746,  July  4. — ^Will  of  George  Meddins  of  Glangynwydd,  in 
the  parish  of  Llangwig,  bachelor,  devising  his  messuage,  tene- 
ment, and  lands  called  Penygarreg,  in  the  township  of  Brithdir, 
in  the  parish  of  Berriew;  and  two  other  messuages,  tenements, 
and  lands,  in  the  parish  of  Trefeglwys,  in  the  occupation  of 
John  Davies,  otherwise  Jones,  a  tailor,  and  of  James  Mills,  a 
weaver,  unto  his  loving  mother,  Frances  Owen,  then  wife  of  his 
stepfather,  David  Owen  of  Glangynwydd,  gent.,  for  her  life ; 
remainder  in  Penygarreg  to  his  brother,  Edward  Owen,  third 
son  of  his  mother  Frances,  by  his  said  stepfather,  David  Owen 
(*'  now  a  student  in  the  University  of  Oxford"),  his  heirs  and 
assigns  for  ever,  but  charged  with  £150,  to  be  paid  *'  unto  my 
cousin,  James  Rogers,  son  of  my  uncle,  David  Rogers  of  Keven 
y  Beren,  in  the  parish  of  Kerry'',  within  a  year  after  the  decease 
of  the  said  Frances.  Remainder  in  Trefeglwys  property  to  his 
brother,  Richard  Owen,  second  son  of  his  said  stepfather  and 
mother,  his  heirs  and  assigns,  for  ever,  charged  with  the  pay- 
ment of  £100  to  his  brother,  William  Owen,  fourth  and  younger 
son  of  his  said  stepfather  and  mother,  and  of  £4  to  his  four 
cousins,  children  of  his  uncle,  Samuel  Meddins,  deceased,  in 
equal  proportions.  Appointment  of  the  said  Frances  Owen 
sole  executrix,  and  of  his  dear  uncles,  David  Rogers  and  Richard 
Rogers,  both  of  the  parish  of  Kerry,  to  be  "  guardians  and 
overseers''  of  his  said  will.  Witnesses,  David  Davies,  Francis 
Savage,  Thomas  Prichard,  clerk.  Proved  May  25, 1 747,  before 
J.  Owen. 

1766,  July  29. — Release  and  acknowledgment  of  payment  of 
the  said  legacy  of  £100,  signed  by  the  said  William  Owen, 
described  as  a  "  lieutenant  in  His  Majesty's  Royal  Navy". 
Attested  by  Thomas  Owen,  Junr.,  and  William  Davies. 

The  above  William  Owen  was  the  distinguished  officer  of 
whom  some  account  is  given  in  "  Montgomeryshire  Worthies" 
{MonL  Coll.,  XV,  p.  205).         '^  R.  W. 


MISCELLANEA.  379 

cv. 

Dinners  at  Montgomery  Quarter  Sessions. 

"  We  whose  names  are  subscribed  his  Majesty's  Justices  of 
the  peace  in  and  for  the  County  of  Montgomery  do  agree  to  for- 
feit ^8. 6cL  each  for  non-attendance  at  any  future  Quarter  Sessions 
to  be  held  for  the  said  County  during  such  Time  as  we  respec- 
tively continue  to  act  as  a  Magistrate  in  and  for  the  said 
County — ^that  a  dinner  shall  be  regularly  ordered  at  the  Dragon 
at  every  succeeding  Quarter  Sessions  for  the  Magistrates  and 
that  no  Person  shall  be  admitted  to  dine  with  them  except  the 
Clerk  of  the  Peace  Treasurer  and  the  Undersheriff  or  such 
Person  not  being  engaged  in  any  business  at  the  then  Quarter 
Sessions,  or  shall  be  introduced  by  some  Magistrate  present^ 
and  that  the  forfeitures  for  non-attendance  at  each  Quarter 
Sessions  shall  be  paid  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Peace  or  deducted 
by  him  out  of  the  Per  diems,  and  paid  at  the  next  or  succeed- 
ing Quarter  Sessions  towards  dinner  in  such  Proportion  as  the 
Magistrates  present  shall  direct. 

A.  D.  Owen.  C.  W.  W.  Wynne  has  signed. 

W.  Brown.  C.  H.  Tracy. 

M.  E.  Lloyd.  Evan  Jones. 

E.  Lewis,  N.  Town.  E.  Lewis,  Llanfair. 

Chas.  Wingfield.  J.  Edwards,  signed. 

Jno.  Williames.  B.  Mytton,        do. 

"Easter  Qr.  Sessions,  1807. 

"Ordered  that  in  consequence  of  Read  having  provided  a 
separate  dinner  from  Easter  1806  up  to  this  Time — he  be 
allow'd  all  the  Fines  due  to  this  Time — and  that  in  future  he 
do  provide  a  Dinner  for  12  Gentlemen  for  which  he  is  to  be 
allowM  3«.  one  part  of  which  is  to  be  paid  by  the  gentlemen 
who  attend — at  the  Bate  of  3^.  6d,  each — and  the  deficiency  is  to 
be  made  up  out  of  the  fines  which  are  to  be  regularly  collected 
by  Read." 


CVI. 


The  following  was  copied  from  Add.  MS.  30,210  in 
the  British  Museum  : —  E.  M.  R. 

Montgomery.  £    s.    d. 

Charles  Jones,  Gent.,  for  a  Corn  Mill  upon  Mule     -     0  13     4 
Wm.  Price,  Gent.,  for  a  Fulling  Mill  in  Combe         -     0     6     8 


2  4 
0  7 
0  17 

0 
8 
4 

1  10 
0    8 

0 
0 

0  9 
0     4 

0 
0 

380  MISCELLANEA. 

Thomas  Mason,  Geut.,  for  a  Corn  Mill  in  Gwer- 
nerewe  .  .  -  . 

Richard  Price,  Gent.,  for  Bettus  Mill 

Price  Devereux,  Esq.,  for  Berewe  Mill     • 
Ohirhury,  late  Priory, 

Morrice   Owen,   Rector,  for  a  Portion  out  of  the 
Rectory  of  Montgomery    - 

John  Lewis,  for  Tithes  in  Hopton 

Stratta  Mercella,  late  Monastery, 

John  Blayney,  Esq.,  for  the  Rectory  of  Berriew 

The  same  for  the  Rectory  of  Bettas 

Chirhuryy  late  Priory, 

Michaell  Thomas,  for  a  Water  Mill  in  Churchstoke  -     1     3    4 
Lands  Exchanged. 

John  Read,  Gent.,  for  Lands  in  Llandinam  et  aL, 

4  rents  -  -  -  -     8  16    2 

Stratta  Florida. 

Hector    Phillips,    Esq.,   for    ye   Rectory  of  Llan- 

gericke  -  -  -  -  10    0    0 

Concealed  Lands, 

Edward  Vaughan,  Esq.,  for  the  Chapelry  of  Gwidd- 

varch  -  -  -     0     2     6 

William   Pugh,   Esq.,   for  Demesne    Lands    called 

Beander  Lands  -  -  -  -     0     6     8 

Sir  Vaughan  Price,  Bart.,  for  Lands  called  Beander 

Lands  -  -  -  -  12    4     2 

William  Price,  for  the  like         -  -  -     3     6     8 

Annual  Tythes, 

Halestor,    late  Priory, — Timothy    Lanoy,    for    the 

Manor  and  Rectory  of  Carno  et  cU,  ^  -     0  13     4 

Llanllugan,  late  Monastery, — Dame  Elizabeth  Her- 
bert, widow,  for  Lands  and  Tenements  inCowney 

William  Price,  Gent.,  for  the  Manor  of  Llanlligan   - 

Edw.  Vaughan,  for  Tallerthig      -  - 

John  Kennett,  for  Lands  in  Cumbego 


0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

9 

0 

8 

2 

0 

3 

4 

CVII. 
Price   of  Butchers'  Meat  and  Provisions  in  1683. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  an  account  or  bill  of  pro- 
visions  which,  it   is   believed,    was  furnished   to   the 


MISCELLANEA. 


381 


Herbert  family,  then  resident  at  Powis  Castle,  but  it 
bears  no  internal  evidence  where  it  came  from.  Like 
the  bill  printed  in  Montgomeryshire  Collections^  voL  x, 
p.  428,  under  the  head  of  *'  Price  of  Mutton,  etc.,  in 
1764-65",  it  is  interesting  and  valuable  as  showing  the 
price  of  provisions  at  the  period. 

In  the 80 years  from  1683  to  1764, prices  do  not  appear 
to  have  much  varied,  for  we  find  in  1683  a  "quarter  of 
mutton,  If  6d"y  and  in  1764  "a  quarter  of  mutton, 
l5.  3d" J  rather  less  than  more. 


Feb.  ye  1, 1683. 

£ 

».     d 

A  side  of  veall 

.     0 

7     0 

A  side  of  muttou 

.     0 

3    0 

A  coupple  of  puUetts 

.     0 

1     0 

Eggs 

.     0 

0    5 

Bread 

.     0 

0    2 

Batter 

.     0 

1     0 

A  side  of  porke 

.     0 

4    6 

A  quarter  of  mutton    . 

.     0 

1     6 

A  coupple  of  ducks 

.     0 

0  10 

Eggs 

.     0 

0     7 

2  coupple  of  puUetts  and  4  cockt 

J                 .     0 

3    6 

Bread 

.    0 

0    4 

7  A  side  of  veal 

.     0 

5    6 

A  sheep 

.     0 

7    0 

6  coupple  of  puUetts    . 

.     0 

7    0 

Eggs 

.     0 

1     6 

2  capons 

.     0 

•2    2 

1  quire  of  cap  paper 

.     0 

0    4 

11  Egga 

.     0 

0     7 

Bread           .      '         . 

.     0 

0    8 

Sume       2 

7     7 

19  A  sheep,  a  side  of  veall,  calves  he 

ad  and  feet    0 

16     6 

Porke          .  • 

.     0 

5    0 

16  Butter  6  pd. 

.     0 

2    2 

Eggs 

.    0 

0     7 

19  A  puUett     . 

.     0 

0    6 

20  Eggs 

.     0 

1     0 

A  couple  of  piggs 

.     0 

1     4 

Bread 

.     0 

0    4 

1 

7    5 

Total 


3  15     0 


382 


MISCELLANEA. 


Dec.  ye  6,  1683. 
A  prejoy 
5  wild  ducks 
5  woodcocks 
Eggs 
8  4  woodcocks 
Butter  6  pd. 
A  flitch  of  baooD 
12  wild  ducks 

2  quire  of  cap  paper 
Wbt.  paper  and  pack  thrd. 

10  4  woodcocks,  1  snipe 

Butter  2  pd. 

4  strikes  of  oates 

Rosin 

12  yards  of  tape 
13  4  woodcocks 

3  woodcocks 

3  chickens    . 

4  cakes 
Eggs 

Butter  8^  pd. 
A  pigg 
Turnips 
16  woodcocks 

17  Bread 

19  Butter  2  pd. 

20  2  geese 
Butter  15^  pd. 
4  turkeys 
2  neate  tongues 
Beefe 

4  strike  of  oates 
2  tubbs  of  butter  containing  10 

at  Ss,  6d,  per  gallon 

Bread 

12  woodcocks 
Eggs 

A  basket  for  eggs 
4  couple  of  rabitts 
Bread 
Eggs 

Butter  2  pd. 
A  wild  duck 
30  Butter  3  pd. 
Eggs 
A  goose,  a  turkey,  4  pulletts 


and  7  pd. 


0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

6 

0 

1 

3 

0 

1 

8 

0 

1 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

10 

4 

0 

6 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

4 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

10 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

7 

0 

2 

10 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

4 

0 

4 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

0 

8 

0 

3 

0 

0 

5 

2 

0 

4 

2 

0 

1 

4 

0 

1 

4 

0 

3 

6 

1 

17 

0 

0 

0 

6 

0 

0 

4 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

9 

0 

0 

3 

0 

5 

4 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

6 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

7 

0 

3 

2 

MISCELLANEA. 


383 


Jan.  Bread 

4  wild  ducks 
2  chicks 
Bread     • 

£ggs 
8  3  wild  ducks 
Butter  3  pd. 
Bread 
Eggs 

A  load  of  salt 
Onions 
4  spitt  wheels  and  ladles 


To  Jan.  28th,  layd  out 

Mr.  Bray's  bill 
To  31  Jan.  for  ag'  de  veal 


0  0     2 

0  2     0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  1 

0  1 


0  1 
0  0 
0  0 
0  10     0 


0     1 

0 

0     1 

6 

6  13 

8 

1  10 

7 

9 

10 

7 

6 

8  16     7 

This  account  to  ye  first  of  February  paid  off,  being  £8  16«. 
From  Dec.  6  to  Feb.  1,  paid  by  butter  in  all  £2  14*.  Id. 


Id, 


CVIII. 

Llanlloddian. 

In  the  William  Salt  Library  at  Stafford,  in  the 
Bowen  MSS^y  I  found  the  following  note  by  James 
Bowen  referring  to  the  Llanlloddian  law-suit,  in  which 
it  would  appear  that  Bowen  was  evidently  consulted 
as  an  expert. 

'^  Llanlloddian. — A  seal  was  produced  by  Anna  Maria  Sophia 
Jones^  sister  to  Benjamin  Jones,  which  she  said  her  father  gave 
her  on  his  deathbed,  which  he  said  was  a  family  relic,  and  which 
might  be  of  use  to  her  some  day  with  regard  to  property. 

"  The  seal",  says  Bowen,  "  was  called  a  mocho  or  smoky- 
colonred  stone.  The  arms  were  sable,  3  nag's  heads  arg,,  crest, 
a  nag's  head.  What  made  me  conclude  the  seal  fabricated  for 
the  purpose^  was  its  having  the  letters  *  D.  J.'  sunk  on  the  shield. 
No  engraver  would  have  done  it  without  an  express  order,  as 
it's  directly  contrary  to  all  heraldical  law.  The  '  D.  J/  might 
have  been  put  on  any  other  part,  but  it  would  not  have  been 
sufficiently  conspicuous  for  their   purpose.     I  never  saw  an 


384  MISCELLANEA. 

instance  of  the  like  among  many  thonsands  of  shields  I  have 
seen  and  examined  in  the  coarse  of  my  stadies.  I  never  met 
with  80  gross  a  violation  of  an  armorial  bearing.  No  true 
Welshman  would  have  suffered  iV^ 

D.  C.  Ll.  0.     • 


CIX. 

Montgomeryshire  Horses. 

{See  al80  Vol.  xvi,  p.  161.) 

The  following  particulars  of  a  sale  of  Montgomery- 
shire Hunters  in  the  year  1826  has  been  lent  us  by  Mr. 
J.  Bowen  Jones  of  Ensdon  House,  Shropshire.  We  think 
it  well  to  preserve  it,  as  it  gives  many  extraordinary 
examples  of  the  pluck  and  endurance  of  Montgomery- 
shire Hunters  of  that  period. 

It  is  quoted  in  the  Journal  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society,  vol.  xix  (p.  32),  1883,  in  an  article  by  Earl 
Cathcart  on  "  Half-Bred  Horses  for  Field  or  Road,  their 
Breeding  and  Management/' 

Earl  Cathcart  says :  "  Relating  to  an  immediate 
adjoining  district,  Mr.  Bowen  Jones  also  sent  me,  from 
his  collection,  a  catalogue  (1826)  of  Montgomeryshire 
Hunters,  a  very  suggestive,  refreshingly  quaint  docu- 
ment, full  of  tantalising  information  as  to  pedigree  and 
performance.  What  suggestive  curiosities  of  equine 
literature,  to  my  certain  knowledge,  are  stowed  away 
and  lost  amongst  piles  of  dusty  MSS.  in  our  charter- 
rooms  and  other  private  repositories  !" 

The  following  is  the  instructive  description  of 

'*  The  Ten  Horses  [formerly]  used  with  the  Mont- 
gomeryshire Foxhounds,  sold  by  auction  on  Tuesday, 
the  31st  day  of  January  1826,  in  the  stable-yard  at  the 
Oak  Inn,  Welshpool  (from  which  place  there  are  daily 
coaches  to  Ludlow,  Shrewsbury,  and  Chester)  : — 

1.  Dun  Gelding,  14i  hands  high,  6  years  old;  bred  by  Mr. 
Eichard  Owen  of  Castle  Caereinion,  near  Welshpool,  and  got  by 
UnderhilVs  Alexander ;  dam,  a  thoroughbred  daughter  of  Old 


MISCELLANEA.  385 

Revenge  (son  of  Marshe  and  Figurante  by  Begulns).  This  horse, 
although  low  and  small  in  size,  is  of  great  value  and  surprising 
game,  having  carried,  and  always  in  his  place,  old  Mr.  Jones  of 
Gwm^breeth  ^ho  rides  at  least  16  stone),  3  days  a  week,  in  the 
last  and  present  season,  for  several  weeks  successively,  up  and 
down  the  Welsh  Hills,  and  in  the  last  three  days,  was  up  at 
the  death  of  4  foxes,  not  one  of  which  was  killed  without  severe 
running  for  1 J  hour.     (87  gns.) 

2.  Black  Mare^  1 6  hands,  7  years  old ;  bred  by  Mr.  Whitfield 
of  Llansaintffraid,  and  got  by  MelibauSf  dam  by  Old  Olancus 
(son  of  Diomed  and  Chace  by  Snap).  This  mare  lived  through 
the  severe  chase  of  Thursday,  the  8th  January  1824,  and  car. 
ried  Mr.  Whitfield  home  afterwards,  without  any  refreshment, 
though  he  rides  16  stone.     (63  gns.) 

3.  Chestnut  Gelding,  15^  hands,  6  years  old ;  bred  by  Mr. 
Biohard  Bratton  of  Bnrgedin,  near  Gruilsfeld,  out  of  a  welUbred 
mare,  covered  by  Mark  Antony  and  Driver,  Has  never  been 
out  when  a  fox  was  found,  but  is  active,  and  of  a  good  con- 
stitution, and  goes  well  in  a  plain  snaffle.     (100  gns.) 

4.  6bet  Gelding,  15  hands,  7  years  old  ;  bred  by  Mr.  Downes 
of  the  Argoed,  near  Oswestry,  and  got  by  brother  to  Stamford 
(son  of  St.  Peter  and  Oratio  by  Eclipse),  dam  by  Vermin  (soa 
of  Highfiyer  and  Rosehid  by  Snap),  grandam  by  Smoker  (son 
of  Pilot  and  Heron  by  Herod),  This  horse  goes,  and  can  hold 
to  a  racing  pace ;  and  last  season  carried  Mr.  Downes  (about 
17  stone)  through  the  chase  with  Sir  B.  Ghaham's  hounds,  from 
near  Halston,  over  the  Welsh  Hills  (when  several  good  horses 
were  killed),  and  lived  well  through  it,  and  carried  Mr.  Downes 
safe  home,  though  a  free  and  straightforward  rider.     (60  gns.) 

5.  JBroion  Bay  Horse^  16^  hands,  9  years  old;  bred  by  John 
Dodson,  Esq.,  of  Crossage,  and  got  by  Lutmyche,  dam  by  King 
Fergus,  grandam  of  Old  Revenge,  great-grandam  by  Snap, 
This  is  a  fine-formed  horse,  and  last  season  carried  the  whipper- 
in  through  a  severe  chase  of  7  hours,  having  changed  to  3 
different  foxes,  with  only  one  short  check,  over  the  Mont- 
gomeryshire and  Denbighshire  hills,  and  carried  his  rider 
home  (15  miles)  afterwards  in  good  spirits,  and  quite  ready 
again  in  3  days.     (87  gns.) 

6.  Bay  Mare,  10  years  old;  bred  by  Robert  Perrott  of  Bron- 
hyddan,  and  got  by  Old  Tickle  Toby,  dam  by  Old  Revenge, 
grandam  by  Old  Regulus,  This  mare  has  been  out  only  once 
this  season  when  game  was  found,  which  was  in  October ;  but 
she  took  several  brushes  last  year,  when  the  property  of 
Thomas  Prioard,  Esq. 

7.  Bay  Mabb,  15  hands,  6  years  old;  carries  16  stone,  stout 

VOL.  XVII.  C  C 


386  MISCELLANEA. 

and  straightforward.     Bought  by  Thomas  Thornes,    Rsq.,  of 
Alberbury. 

8.  Black  Gelding,  16  hands,  7  years  old;  bred  by  Mr. 
Asterly  of  Pentreheylin,  near  Llanymynech,  and  got  by  a  travel- 
ling Yorkshire  Horse,  out  of  the  Vermin  Mare,  dam  of  the  late 
Hon.  Mr.  Trevor's  Lady  Jane,  This  horse  is  straightforward 
and  tough,  and  when  4  years  old  lived  through  that  severe 
chase^  with  the  Montgomeryshire  Hounds,  from  Corndon  Hill 
almost  to  Knighton,  and  back  to  Clun  (where  they  killed  their 
fox,  and  eventually  one  horse  died,  and  others  much  injured), 
and  brought  his  rider  safe  home  (22  miles)  after  to  Welsh- 
pool.    (65  gns.) 

9.  Brown  Geldtnq,  16  hands,  9  years  old ;  bred  by  Mr.  Powell 
of  Bishop's  Castle,  and  got  by  Candidate  (son  of  Sir  Oliver  and 
Overtina,  by  Overton) ;  dam,  an  excellent  hunting  mare,  out  of 
a  daughter  of  Old  Snap.  This  horse,  on  Thursday,  the  8th 
January  1824  before-mentioned,  was  mounted  by  the  whipper- 
in,  at  4  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  ridden  14  miles  to  covert, 
and  carried  him  well,  without  one  fall,  through  a  chase  of  at 
least  60  miles,  and  home  again  27  miles,  by  the  turnpike  road, 
that  night,  full  100  miles  in  all,  without  receiving  the  least 
refreshment,  and  was  quite  playful  again  in  3  days,  and  though 
he  carried  his  owner  on  the  preceding  Monday,  the  5th,  through 
a  chase  of  one  continued  burst  of  at  least  12  miles,  and  about 
6  more  of  cold  hunting.  He  is  master  of  17  stone,  the  weight 
of  Mr.  Powell  (who  bred  him),  who  once  rode  him  18  hours, 
and  much  of  that  time  at  full  speed,  in  driving  the  hill  ponies 
off  Clun  Forest  for  the  Earl  of  Powis,  and  it  was  the  next  day 
that  the  present  owner  saw  him  looking  quite  fresh,  and  bought 
him.     (200  gns). 

10.  Gkey  Gelding,  16  hands,  9  years  old ;  bred  by  Jones, 
the  saddler,  in  Shrewsbury,  and  got  by  Lutwyche,  dam  by 
Axton.  Bumell  Reguhis  grandam  by  Minister,  great-grandam 
by  Snap,  This  was  the  first  horse  his  owner  bought  to  follow 
foxhounds,  and  for  two  years  went  through  the  harassing  ser- 
vice of  breaking  in  young  hounds,  and  was  a  chief  means  of 
bringing  the  Montgomeryshire  Hounds  to  kill  54  foxes  out  of 
63  found  last  season. 

11.  Chestnut  Gelding,  16  hands,  6  years  old ;  got  by  Old 
Warwick,     This,  a  good-tempered,  strong  horse,  but  untried.'* 


MISCELLANEA.  387 


ex. 


Recent  Legislation  affecting  certain  Ancient 
Boroughs  in  Montgomeryshire. 

The  Commissioners  appointed  by  Her  Majesty  in 
1876,  to  inquire  into  Municipal  Corporations  not  subject 
to  the  Municipal  Corporation  Acts,  considered  that  the 
Municipal  Corporation  Acts  might  be  applied  to  Llan- 
fyllin  (see  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  iii,  p.  99)  and  Montgomery. 

Machynlleth  was  mentioned  in  paragraph  15  of  the 
Report,  amongst  the  places  which  either  have  not  been 
Municipal,  or  have  long  since  ceased  to  be  so. 

Caerwys  and  dun  are  mentioned  in  paragraph  16  of 
the  Report  as  having  had  Municipal  Corporations  in 
1835. 

The  above-mentioned  places  are  not  subject  to  the 
Municipal  Corporation  Act,  1882,  but  they  are  ex- 
pressly mentioned  in  the  Schedules  to  the  Municipal 
Corporation  Act,  1883. 

By  the  last-mentioned  Act  it  is  provided  on  and 
after  the  25th  of  March  1886,  or  such  later  day  not 
after  the  29th  of  September  1886,  as  Her  Majesty  in 
Council  may  appoint  (subject  to  certain  savings  for 
vested  interests  therein  mentioned),  for  the  abolition 
of  special  judicial  bodies,  exclusive  rights  of  trading, 
exemptions  from  jury,  etc. 

The  Act  also  provides  that  all  civil  and  criminal 
jurisdiction  of  any  Corporation  officer,  Court,  or  Judge 
of  the  places  mentioned  in  the  Schedules,  appointed  or 
holding  office  under  any  charter,  grant,  or  prescription, 
or  by  any  Act,  shall  cease,  and  the  place  shall  be  subject 
to  the  same  jurisdiction  as  the  part  of  the  country  in 
which  it  is  situate,  and  to  which  it  adjoins. 

Under  Section  3,  unless  a  new  charter  be  granted 
within  the  above-mentioned  period,  each  of  the  places 
mentioned  will  cease  to  be  a  Corporate  town,  and  any 
Municipal  or  other  Corporation  thereof  existing  under 
any  charter  or  grant  or  prescription,  will  be  dissolved. 


388  MISCELLANEA. 

It  is  also  provided  that  all  property  of  any  such  Cor- 
poration or  place  shall  be  applied  for  the  public  benefit 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  place  under  the  direction  of 
the  Charity  Commissioners  or  the  Local  Government 
Board. 

Under  Section  5  an  inquiry  is  to  be  held  with 
reference  to  the  expediency  of  aavising  Her  Majesty  to 
grant  a  charter  to  the  several  places  mentioned  in  the 
lirst  Schedule  to  the  Act,  which  included  the  two  first- 
named  towns  (viz.,  Llanfyllin  and  Montgomery),  and 
also  whether  it  is  expedient  that  any  adjoming  district 
not  included  in  the  existing  Corporations  shall  be 
included  in  the  places  to  which  such  charters  may  be 
granted. 

The  Privy  Council  have  power,  upon  being  satisfied 
by  any  applicants,  after  inquiry,  to  preserve  certain 
courts  and  officers.  M.  P.  J. 


CXL 
Cardinal  Allek.     - 

In  Mont.  Coll.,  vol.  xv,  p.  231,  n.  1,  it  stated  that 
Cardinal  Allen  was  **  strongly  suspected  to  have  been 
poisoned  by  the  Jesuits".  This  is  not  correct,  for  it 
appears  the  Cardinal  "  died  of  a  painful  and  lingering 
disease''.  See  Arch.  Camb.,  April  1884,  p.  150  (citing 
Douay  Diaries,  vol.  i,  p.  cii). 


389 


THE    MONTGOMERYSHIRE     PEDIGREES 

nOK  TUB 

"VISITATIONS  OF   WALES",  BY  LEWYS  DWNN. 


The  project  that  these  pedigrees  should  be  printed  by 
the  Powys-land  Club  for  the  use  of  its  members  has 
been  long  in  contemplation ;  it  was  mentioned  in  the 
Annual  Keport  of  1881 ;  and  it  is  considered  that  the 
time  has  arrived  when  it  may  be  appropriately  carried 
out.  Tlie  high  authority  of  Lewys  Dwnn's  VisitcUions, 
and  the  extreme  rarity  and  costliness  of  the  work  in 
which  they  were  first  printed  by  the  Welsh  Manuscript 
Society,  in  the  year  1846,  render  it  desirable  that  tne 
Montgomeryshire  portion  of  such  Visitations  should  be 
put  into  the  hands  of  the  Membere.  This,  it  is  hoped, 
can  be  done,  without  extra  cost,  as  part  of  the  publica- 
tions of  the  Club.  With  that  view,  the  course  of  pro- 
ceeding which  it  seems  expedient  to  adopt  is  to  print 
the  pedigrees  by  instalments  or  sections,  uniformly 
with  the  Montgomeryshire  Collections,  but  separately 
paged, — one  section  to  be  issued  with  each  succeeding 
part.  The  expense  of  printing  the  tabular  pedigrees 
will  be  considerable.  By  the  plan  proposed,  however, 
the  expense  will  be  spread  over  some  time.  The  pedi- 
grees can  be  bound  either  with  the  Annual  Volumes 
of  the  Collections,  or  separately,  at  the  option  of  each 
Member.  With  this  Part  a  section  of  32  pages  will 
be  given,  which  is  about  one-sixth  of  the  whole. 

It  is  also  intended  to  annotate,  and  where  practicable, 
to  continue,  the  pedigrees  up  to  the  present  time. 
This  will  occupy  much  time,  and,  moreover,  can  be 
effected  more  conveniently  when  copies  of  the  Visita- 
lions,  or  portions  of  them,  are  in  the  possession  of  the 
Members.     In  order  to  avoid  delay  for  an   indefinite 


390  THE   MONTGOMERYSHIRE    PEDIGREES. 

period,  it  has  been  determined  to  proceed  with  the 
printing  of  the  Visitations  by  themselves,  without 
waiting  for  the  annotations  and  continuations,  which 
may  more  conveniently  be  left  for  an  Appendix,  to  be 
printed  hereafter. 

Thus  the  original  pedigrees  will  be  issued  verbatim, 
and  untampered  with,  and  rest  upon  their  own  inherent 
authority;  and  the  annotations  and  continuations  pro- 
posed to  be  added  will  be  given  on  the  authority  of  the 
persons  who  make  them,  and  the  evidence  they  cite. 

The  preparation  of  the  Appendix,  nevertheless, 
may  proceed  at  once ;  and,  when  sufficient  material  is 
obtained,  it  may  be  printed  and  separately  paged,  and 
thus  proceed  pai^i  passu  with  the  Visitations. 

The  Secretaries  will  be  glad  to  receive  annotations 
and  continuations  of  the  pedigrees  now  issued,  to  be 
held  in  reserve  for  the  proposed  Appendix. 

Under  the  note  in  the  Appendix  relating  to  each 
pedigree,  it  will  be  desirable  to  give  a  reference  to  what 
has  been  already  printed  in  the  Montgomei^shire  Col- 
lections relating  to  any  family  deriving  from  it,  as  well 
as  fresh  descents  or  information. 

M,  C.  J. 

1  Sept.  1884. 


PEDIGREES 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE    FAMILIES, 

8KLE0TED  FBOlf 

''THE    HERALDIC    VISITATIONS    OF    WALES;' 
BY    LEWYS    DWNN, 

DKPUTT  HBRALD-AT-ARM8. 


IPrinted/or  the  Powys-land  Club/or  the  use  o/iU  Members,] 


N.S.-^Ths  figv/rn  prvnUd  tn  the  tnargin  (eomm^neing  on  pag€  3  wiih 
*'l>.  271")  f^/vr  to  ihB  pag9$  in  ihB  jwrtH  volume  cf  t^e  foUo  edition  of  £«ioyt 
Dtonn't  *'  Ft«tia<«on«  of  Wale$'\  publUhed  by  the  WoUh  MSB.  SoeUiy  in  184& 


PEDIGREES 

or 

MONTGOMERYSHIRE   FAMILIES. 


DOL  T  CORSLWYN,!  IN  KEMMES  PARISH.         p.  ,7, 

T 


Bees  Wynn  ap  Howell  ap  Bees  ap  Llewelyn  ap=f....  Heiress  of...,  ap  Grii&th 
Eyan  Lbi.  ap  Meredith  ^ 


Bichard*  ap  Hagh  ap  £?aii,^Catherin,  ▼*  Bees  Wyn  ap  Howel  ap  Bees  ap 


[>  Hagh  ap  £?aii,^Catherin,  ▼*  Bees  Wyn  ap  ] 
Esq.  I  Uewelyii. 


John  ap      Hngh,       Boland=fK}wen,    oo-heiress    of « Maurice*  GwiUim 
Biohaid,        sans  ap  Thomas  ap  Griffith  Vanghan  of 

sans  issae.        Bichd.  ap  Morris.  Eemmes. 


issue.        I 

Biohaid  Pagh,  Esq.  Edward  Pagh. 


ith  Pagh.=T=Sa8ana,  ▼'  Edwd.  Herbert,  Esq.  for  the 
)  body  of  Queen  Elisabeth. 


Biohard  Pngh. 


Harry         Jane,  mother  to  Catherin,  wife  to  Mabel»  wife  to 

ap            Hari  Yangn.  ap  Eyan  ap  Llewelyn  Edw.  Herbert  ap 

Biond.         David  Lloyd  ap  ap  Bees  St  after  to  John  Herbert  of 

Llewelyn  ap  Humphrey  ap  Owen  Eemmes,  Esqr. 
Maurice,  Esq.                  ap  David. 


|a  |6  le 


1  About  four  miks  Bonth  from  Dinas  Mawddy.  The  Pughs  of  Dol  y  CorBllwyn 
were  a  yonnger  branch  of  the  great  house  of  Mathafam,  deeoended  from  Einion  ap 
Bitsillt.    SeeMatbafam. 

'  Third  wa  of  Hugh  ab  lenan  ap  David  Llojd  of  Mathafam,  1^  Mary,  daughter 
of  Howel  Yychan. 

>  Morris  ap  Gwilym  Yychan,  of  Cemmaefl,  in  Cyfeiliog,  ap  GmfFydd  ap  Gwiljm  ap 
Grulfydd  Derwas. 


HONTaOMSRYSHIRU    PEDrORBVS. 


la  \b  \e 

MahaUt,  manied  John  Elizabeth,  married  Jane,  married  Richard 

Owen  ap  Howell  Goch,  Bichd.  Blaeney  ap  lloyd  of  Nant 

Eaqr.^  Owen  Blaeney,  Eaqr.  Monach,  Eaqr.* 


THE  TOWN  OP  MACHYNLLETH,  IN  MONTGOMERY- 

SHIRE. 

Ethel  T8TAN,  Prince  of  Fferlez.=j=Gwenllian,  ?'  Einion  ap  Owen  ap  Howell 


T 


Dda. 


Cadwgan  ap  Ethelystan,  Lord  of  Baelt  A,  Badnor8h.=f=ETa,  v*  Ghrgan,  sister 
I  to  (}estyn. 

Hoedliw  ap  Cadwgan,  Esqr.^^ane,  t*  Ednowain  Bendew. 


=pj& 


Hoedliw  Ooch  ap  Hoedliw  ap=T3Qwyril«  ▼*  iTor  ap  Idnerth  ap  Cadwgan  ap 
Cadwgan,  Esqr.  I  Ethelystan. 


edliw  ap=T=Q^ 


Gwrgene  ap  Hoedliw,  E8qr.=i=^ane,  daughter  to  fiees  Grygg. 


r 


Gronw  ap  Gwrgene,  E8qr.=j=Gri8gwn. 


Griffith  ab  Gronw.=y» 


r 


Madock*  ap  Griffith,  Esqr.BpArddun,  v'  Gylynin  of  Lwydiarth. 


Howel  ap  Madock,  E8qr.=T»Joned,  ▼'  Oynvelyn  ap  Dolphyn. 

Llewelyn  ap  Howell,  Esqr.^oned,  ▼*  Bees  ap  HoweU  ap  leva. 

Griffith  ap  Llewelyn,  Esqr.^Arddnn,    ▼*  Howell   ap   Madock   ap   Griffith 
\  Vaughan  ap  Griffith  Vele. 

Madoc  ap  Griffith,  Esqr.^pJoned,  v'  Cadwgan  ap  Phillip  Dorddn. 

Phillip  ap  Madock,  Esqr.*^^ ,  ▼*  Griffith  Moel  ap  Adda  Mawr  o  Deuddwr. 


1  John  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Machynlleth.    See  next  Pedigree. 

3  Biohard  Lloyd  of  Nant-Mynaeh,  in  Mallwyd,  waa  son  of  Efan  Lloyd,  Esq.,  sp 
Dafydd  Lloyd  ap  John  ap  Dafydd  Lloyd  ap  Madoc  ab  leTan  ap  Dafydd  Gooh  ap 
Gmffydd  ap  Ednowain  an  Bradwen. 

s  He  resided  at  Plaa  Madoc,  near  DoWer,  in  Ceri. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE    PEDIGREES. 


L«. 


Griffith  Phillip,  Eflqr.=YEl«n.  ▼*  Lowdden  ap  John  Lloyd. 

Llewelyn  ap  CWfflth,  E8qp.=FJoned,  t»  and  heirea  [of]  Evan  ap  Howell. 


r 


Griffith  ap  Llywelyn,  E8qr.=f=GwenUian,  v'  Griffith*  Corbett,  Eaqp. 


CEDES  GYNON. 

Howell  =rTanfflwyBt,  danghter     Gwenllian,  ▼'-Thomaa  ap  Eee8=FFlopenfl  ^'  ^72 
Goch       of  Jenkinap  David        Meredith  ap      ap  David  Lloyd     Clunn.» 
ap  Kenan.  Morgan,  Eaqr.  Eaqr.' 

Griffith, 
Eaqr. 


I 


Owen  ap  Howell=f=Catherin,  v'  Thomas  Price  of  New- 
Goch,  Eaqr.       |  town,  Esqr. 


Mathew  Prioe, 
Eeqr.* 


Mahallt,  v*  Bichard=f<rohn  Owen,=y=Gaynor/ v*  Eeesy Richard  Pug^^ 
ap  Hngh  ap  Evan,  "  """"^   ^' ''"     ""  '    -.- r>^   i^^*  t> 


Esqr. 


Thos.  of  Camar-      ap  Bowlant  Pugh, 
von,  Esqr.  Esqr. 


|1  |2 

Bichd.    Bow- 
Owen."  land 
Owen. 


Cathe- 
rin. 


A 


ary. 


|1  I 

Ed-       Ely. 

ward     Stan 

Owen.  Owen. 


|1 

Elizabeth, 

married 

Bowland 

Morsnin 

Pnmwem. 


Mar- 
garet. 


Bridgett, 
married 
David  ap 
Meredith 
ofGlyn 
Caeng. 


Bowland  Pngh,  Esq. 


John  Pugh,  Gent. 


*  Gmffydd  Gooh  ah  Llewelyn  ap  Einion  ap  Thomaa  Corbet  ap  Piers  Corbet  ap 
Perkin  Corbet,  Lord  of  Lee,  the  son  of  Sir  Biohard  Corbet,  Knigbt. 

s  Thomas  ap  Bhys  ap  David  Llovd  ap  David  ab  Einion,  Esq.,  of  Newtown ;  his 
mother  was  Margaret,  aanghter  and  oo-heiress  of  levan  ap  Owen  ap  Meredydd  of 
Neoaddwen. 

>  Florentia,  daughter  of  Howel  Klwn  or  Clan  ap  Meurio  ab  Meredydd,  Esq. 

*  Called  also  Matthew  Qooh.  He  settled  at  Newtown,  and  was  married,  nrst,  to 
Jane  or  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Llewelyn  ap  Morgan  ap  Sir  David  Qa,m  ;  secondly,  to 
Joyce,  danghter  to  levan  Gwjn  ap  James,  of  the  county  of  Badnor,  Esq.  His  son, 
John  Pryce,  married  Elizabeth  Blaney,  and  had  issue,  Edward  Pryce,  whose  son, 
John,  was  created  a  Baronet,  15th  August  1628,  Sir  John  Pryce  married  Catherine, 
daugnter  of  Sir  Bichard  Pryse  of  Gogerddan,  i^ght. 

'  Of  Del  y  Corslwyn.  See  the  preceding  Pedigree.  Mahallt  was  John  Owen's 
first  wife. 

'  John  Owen,  Esq.,  of  Machynlleth,  was  Gaynor's  second  husband.  Her  father, 
Bhys  Thomas,  Esq.,  resided  also  at  Aberglasney,  in  Llangathen,  CarmarthenBhire, 
for  which  county  he  served  the  office  of  Sheriff  in  1564.  He  was  son  to  Sir  William 
Thomas  of  Aberglasney,  Knight,  by  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  William  Herbert  of  Cold- 
brook,  Knight ;  he  married  Jane,  daughter  to  Sir  John  Puleston,  Knight. 

'  Of  Mauafam  r  his  son  Bowland  Puffhi  Esq.,  was  livins  in  1633,  and  was  mar- 
ried to  Elisabeth,  second  daughter  to  Sir  Bichard  Pryse  of  Grogerddan,  Knight.  He 
had  two  daughters,  Bridget,  who  married  Bichard  Pugh,  Esq. ;  the  other  daughter 
married  James  Johnes,  Esq.,  of  Llanbadam  and  Dolau  Cothy. 

"  From  Bichard  Owen,  Esq.,  descended  Miss  Jane  Owen,  the  heiress  of  the  fanuly, 
who  married,  first,  Bichard,  Lord  Viscount  Bulkeley ;  and,  secondly,  Edward  Wu- 
liams,  Esq.    She  died  in  1765. 


IfONTGOMERTSHIBE   PEDIGREES. 


THE 

DAUGHTERS  OP  MEREDITH  AP  HUGH  AP  EVAN, 

OF  MATHAVABN  : 

Owen  Lloyd,  the  Daughter  of  Meredith,  married  Anthony 
Stanley. 

Jane,  v'  Meredith,  married  Evan  ap  Howell  ap  Bhydd'ch  ap 
Llewelyn  ap  David  Teg  ap  Evan  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan  ap  Owen 
Goch  ap  Lin.  ap  Tadar. 

Gwen  Lloyd's  and  Anthony  Stanley's  Children  : 

Jane  Stanley  maried  Humphrey  Morgam,  m'r  of  Arts. 

Rowland  Stanley,  sans  issae. 

Joned,  married  m'r  Jno'  Davies,  viccar  Darowen. 

Gwen  Lloyd's  Children  by  her  second  Husband,  who  was 
Humphrey  Lloyd  of  Llan  Ynys  in  Denbigshire : 

One  son,  named  Edward  Lloyd,  maried  to  Gwen  Lewis,  of  Bron 
y  Voel,  in  the  vale  of  Clwyd. 

Gwen  Lloyd  had  four  Daughters : 

Judith,  the  eldest  maried  Weithan  Jones,  Senr. 

Another  of  them  maried  Lloyd,  of  Abertrinant 

Bridgett  was  Sir  James  Price's  Concubine. 

Eliz.  Lloyd  maried  John  Blaeny,  mort  sans  issue. 

Dorothy  Lloyd  maried  Evan  Morgan. 


CARNO.i 

Evan  ap  Rees  ap  Evan  Howel  ap  Evan  ap  Dackin  ap  Bedo  ap 
Evan  ap  y  Oethin  ap  Einion  ap  Jeva  Goch  ap  Griffith  Camo  ap 
Howell  ap  Jeva,  Lord  of  Arwystli.' 

Evan  ap  Bees'  mother  was  Ann,  v'  David  Lloyd  ap  Hugh  ap  Evan, 
of  Mathavam. 

Rees  ap  Evan's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v'  Matthew  Goch®  of 
Newtown,  ap  Tho.  ap  Bees  David  Lloyd  ap  David  ap  Einion. 

Owenllian  s  mother  was  Marg't  v'  Moris  ap  Owen  ap  Evan  Bleuey, 
of  Aberbeohan,  Esqr. 

Evan  ap  Howell's  mother  was  Lowry,  v'  Griffith  Goch  ap  Moiys 
ap  Edward,  of  Newtown,  and  so  to  Hygin  Llewelyn. 

Lowry's  mother  was  Marg't  v'  David  ap  Bobt.  of  Penestrowed. 

^  Aboat  ten  miles  west  from  Newtown.  In  ihe  year  948,  a  aangninary  eBgagement 
took  place  in  this  pariBh  between  the  f oroei  of  lago  and  lefkf ,  eons  of  Idwal  Yoel, 
and  ttioM  of  Owain,  ion  of  Howel  Dda,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated  with  great 
elanghter.  Another  battle  was  also  fought  in  this  parish,  in  the  year  1060,  between 
the  allied  forces  of  Grof^dd  ap  Cynan  and  Bhvs  ap  Tewdwr,  and  ^ose  of  IMieam 
ap  Garadawc ;  in  which  the  former  were  yictoriocis. 

*  Howel  ap  lefa,  Lord  of  Arwystli,  was  descended  from  Elystan  Glodxydd.  Howol 
is  stated  to  haTC  taken  Walwyn's  Castle,  in  Cyfeiliog,  in  1162.  He  died  in  1185, 
and-  was  buried  at  Tstradfflur.  *  See  Groee  Gynon,  abore,  p.  5^ 


MONTGOMGBYSHIRB   PEDIORGGS.  7 

Howell  ap  Evaa  Dackin's  mother  was  Anest»  y'  Phillip  ap  ap 
Madock  ap  Einion. 

Evan    Dackin's    mother  was    v'    Evan    ap  Meredith    ap 

Howell. 

Evan  ap  Bees'  wife  was  Jane,  v'  David  Mor^n  Jenkin  ap  ap 
Evan  ap  David  Lloyd  ap  Meredith  ap  Llowaroh  ap  Llewelyn  ap 

Gwen  ap  Gronwy  ap  Einion  ap  Seisyllt.     Her  mother  was  

v'  John  David  ap  Gwilim  ap  Evan;  and  his  [Evan's]  son  is 
David  Price. 


Lewis  ap  Evan  ap  Evan  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan  Lloyd 
ap  Einion  ap  Jeva  Coch  ap  Ghriffith  damo  14)  Howell  ap  Jeva,  Lord 
of  Arwystli,  ap  Owen  ap  Trahaim. 

Lewis's  mother  was  Gatherin,  v'  Moris  Glynn  ap  Jenkin  Glynn  ap 
Meredith  ap  Evan  Glynn,  Senr. 

Evan  ap  Evan's  mother  was  ,  v'  Evan  ap  Dackin  ap  Bedo 

Evan  ap  y  Cethin. 

Evan  ap  Lln.'s  [mother]  was  Marg.  v'  Owen  ap  Evan  Blaeney.^ 

Llewelyn  ap  Evan's  mother  was ,  v'  Lin.  ap  Howell  ap  Bees 

ap  David  ap  Howell  Vychan,  o'r  Gilvach  Wenn.* 


Howell  ap  Evan  ap  David  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan  Gethin. 

Howell's  mother  was  Annest,  v'  Phillip  ap  Mad'ck  ap  Einion  ap 
Cynvelyn  ap  Dolphyn. 

Evan  ap  David's  mother  was  Eva,  v'  Meredith  ap  Howell  Goch  ap 
Madock  ap  Griffith  ap  Howell  ap  Phillip  ap  Uchdryd. 

Meredith  ap  Evan's  mother  was  Gwyryl,  v'  Bees  ap  Owen  ap  Ych. 
ap  Owen  ap  uriffith  ap  Gwen. 


The  children  of  Llewelyn  ap  David  Deg  ap  Evan  ap  Meredith  ap 
Evan  ap  Owen  Goch  ap  Lin.  ap  Tndnr  ap  Gwen  ap  Gronwy  ap 
Einion  ap  Seisyllt,  Lord  of  Meirioneth. 

David  ap  Llewelyn :  Bhydd'ch  ap  Llewelyn ;  John :  Evan  :  Howell: 
Lewis:  MEuy  maried  John  ap  Bees  Lloyd  ap  Dackin  Dolas,  of 
Llanvair. 

Their  mother  was  Marg't  v*  Owen  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Owen,  of  Bhiw 
Saeson. 

Thomas  ap  David  Deg's  Children  were  Lewis:  Bees:  John: 
Evan:  Manrice:  Edward:  Mawd  &  Gwenllian.  The  mother  of 
Bees  Lewis  &  John  was  Mary,  v'  Evan  ap  Jenkin  ap  Evan  ap 
Einion,  of  Ynys  y  Maongwyn.  The  mother  of  Evan,  Manrice,  and 
Edward,  was  Marg't,  v'  Manrice  ap  Jenkin  of  Llangnrick^. 

^  Owen  ab  leaan  Blaen^,  of  Aberbeolum,  waa  descended,  throngh  MeiUr  Qrjg, 
from  Oadell  Doyrnllyg,  SoToreign  of  Powye. 

*  In  Oardiganebire. 

>  Morria  ap  Jenkyn  Ch)ch,  of  LUmgnrig,  wai  fonrteenth  in  lineal  deaoent  from 
TodorTreror. 


MONTOOMBRTSHIBB    PEDFORBBS. 


p.  273  TREGYNON. 

The  Children  of  Evan  ap  Rees  ap  Howell,  Esqr.,  ap  David  ap 
Bedo  ap  David  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Qriffith  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan  ap 
Madock  ap  Meredith  ap  Griffith  ap  Einion  ap  Lin.  Yanghan  ap  Lin. 
ap  Einion  ap  Lin.  ap  Meilir  Gmg,  and  so  to  Brochwel,  [worel 
Ricb'd  ap  Evan  :  David  ap  Evan,  who  married  Gwenllian,  v'  Da  via 
ap  Owen  ap  Howell  Goch,  o  Bencoed  :  Jno'  ap  Evan :  Florens : 
Elizabeth  :  &  Gwenllian : 

The  mother  of  these  was  Catherin,  v*  Evan  ap  Jno*  ap  David  ap 
Gr'th  ap  Gwilim  ap  Phillip  ap  Einion  ap  Cynveljn.  Her  mother 
was  Ellen,  Daughter  &  one  of  the  heiresses  of  Evan  Lloyd  ap  Mere- 
dith ap  lolo. 

Elen's  mother  was  Elliw,  v*  Howell  Vanghan  ap  David  ap  Phyllip 
goch,  of  Vaenor. 

Elliw's  mother  was  Gwennllian,  v'  Owen  ap  Evan  Blayney. 

Evan  Lloyd's  mother  was  Elen,  v'  Evan  Lloyd  ap  Gr^tb  ap 
Evan  fwya  ap  Evan  ap  Bees  ap  Llowdden. 

Evan  ap  Jno's  mother  was  Marg*t,  v*  Howell  ap  David  ap 
Madock  ap  y  Twppa  ap  Meredith  ap  Jerwertb  ap  Trabaim.  Margt*8 
mother  was  Elliw,  v'  John  David  ap  Tndur  ap  Griffith  ap  Howell 
ap  Griffith  ap  Derwas,  of  Cemmes. 

Elliw*s  mother  was  Marg't,  v'  David  Goch  ap  Mrdd.  ap  Evan  ap 
Einion. 

John  David  ap  Griffith's  mother  was  Eva,  v'  Rees  ap  Griffith  ap 
Llewelyn  ap  lerwerth  ap  Einion  ap  Cynvelyn. 

Evan  ap  Rees  ap   Howell's   mother  was   ,  v'  Jno'  David 

Meredith  of  Plas.  Her  mother  was  Joned  Yanghan,  v*  Tho.  ap 
Gwallter,  of  South  Wales. 

Rees's  mother  was  Joned,  v'  Evan  David  Lloyd,  of  Bachelldre. 
Her  mother  was  Christian,  v'  John  ap  Madog :  &  her  mother  was 
,  v'  Meredith  ap  Owen,  of  Towyn. 

Howell  David  ap  Bedo's  mother  was  Joewan,  of  Garth,  and  the 
heiress  of  David  Lloyd  ap  Howell  Goch,  of  Darrowen. 

David  Bedo's  mother  was  Angbarad,  v'  Meredith  ap  Evan  ap 
Meredith  ap  Howell  ap  Phillip  Dorddu. 

Bedo  ap  Llewelyn's  mother  was  Marg't,  v'  Griffith  ap  Meredith 
ap  Einion  ap  Cynvelyn  ap  Dolpbyn. 


MOMTGOMERTSHIRE    PEDIGREES. 


CARNO. 

The  Children  of  Rees  ap  Evan  ap  David  Lloyd  ap  Meredith  ap 
Llewelyn  Vaughan  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Griffith  ap  Gwen  ap  Gronwy  ap 
Einion  ap  Seisyllfc :  their  mother  was  Joned,  v'  Evan  Griffith  Lloyd, 
of  Maes  Mawr. 

Rees  ap  Evan  Lloyd's  mother  was  Dyddgn,  v'  David  ap  Llewelyn 
ap  Griffith  ap  Griffith  ap  Meilir  ap  Salyf. 

Dyddgu's   mother   was    ,  v'  Meredith   ap  Evan   Lloyd   ap 

Einion. 

David  Goch  ap  Evan  ap  David  Lloyd's  children  were  Evan  David 

Goch  <fc  John  David  Goch  :  their  mother  was ,  v'  ap  Lin. 

Goch  ap  Evan  ap  Griffith  ap  David  ap  Griffith. 

David  ap  Griffith  ap  Phillip  ap  Owen  maried  Leiki,  v*  Rees  ap 
Evan  Einion. 

Evan  David  Goch's  children  were  Thomas  ap  Evan,  Rees  ab  Evan ; 
John  ap  Evan ;  David  ap  Evan ;  Marg't  maried  Griffith  ap  David 
ap  Griffith  Yauglian,  of  Darrowen ;  Catherin  maried  Edmond  Aldwe 
ap  Thomas  Aldwe,  in  Shropshire.  Their  mother  was  Mably,  v* 
S'r  Rich'd  Meivod,  ap  Lewis  Meivod :  her  mother  was  Mevanwys, 
v'  S'r  Richard  Keel. 

Thomas  ap  Evan  David  Goch's  children  were  Lewis ;  Catherin, 
who  maried  Oliver  David  ap  Evan  Lloyd,  of  Llanwddyn ;  &  Mahallt, 
who  maried  Owen  ap  Rees  ap  Gwilim,  of  Llanbrynmair.  The 
mother  of  these  was  Elliw,  v'  Lewis  ap  Griffith  ap  Evan  ap  Howell 
Goch,  of  Dar  Owen.  EUiw's  mother  was  Catherin,  v*  Lin.  ap 
Griffith  ap  Deio,  o  Lann  Darowen. 

Thomas  ab  Evan  David  Gt)ch*s  children  by  his  second  wife  were 
Humphrey,  Moris,  Rees,  Griffith,  John,  Catherine,  &  Gwen.  Their 
mother  was  Jane,  v*  Humphrey  ap  Hngh  ap  Howell  ap  Jenkin  ap 
lerwerth,  o  Benal.  Jane's  mother  was  Elizabeth,  v*  David  ap  Gutto 
Vain. 


CARN0.2 

Llewelyn  ap  David  Deg's  mother  was  Gwyryl,  v'  Madock  Lloyd 
ap  Griffith  ap  Madock. 

David  ap  Lin's  children  were  Evan,  Griffith,  Moris,  Hngh, 
Catherin,  Marg't,  <fc  My  vanwy.  The  mother  of  those  was  Catherin, 
V*  Evan  David  ap  Bedo  :  her  mother  was  Alswn,  v'  Owen  Dwn. 

Rhydderch  ap  Llewelyn's  children  were  Howell ;  Catherine,  who 
maried  Hary  Maurice  ap  Rees  ap  Evan  David  Lloyd ;  Elen,  who 
maried  Evan  ap  Evan  David  Lloyd  ap  Evan  Goch ;  Marg't,  who 

1  See  aUo  "  Carno",  p.  6. 


10  MONTOOHEKYSHIRE    PEDIOUEES. 

maried  Lewis  ap  Humphrey  ap  David  ap  Owen  Bedo ;  &  Mary,  who 
maried  John  Thomas  ap  Evan  Gwyn.  Their  mother  was  Lowry,  v' 
Evan  Lloyd  ap^  Llywelyn  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan  Lloyd  ap  Einion 
ap  Evan  Goch  ap  GriflBth  Carno. 

Lowry 's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v'  Evan  Dackin  ap  Bedo. 

Evan  ap  Llewelyn's  mother  was  Marg*t  v '  Owen  ap  Evan  Blaeny. 

John  ap  Llewelyn's  children  were  Evan,  Edward,  Thomas, 
Nicholas,  &  Griffith.  Their  mother  was  Lowry,  v'  Rees  ap  Evan  ap 
Meredith,  of  Lanvair.  Lowry 's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v'  Bedo 
Gwyn  of  Llanvair. 

Evan  ap  Llewelyn's  Children  were  Howell ;  Alswn,  who  maried 
David  ap  Henri  ap  Evan  Goch  ;  Marg't,  who  maried  David  ap  Evan, 
of  Penegos ;  Elizabeth,  who  maried  David  Vanghan  ap  Griffith,  of 
Cwmlloyd;  <fc  Jane,  who  maried  David  ap  Rowland.  Their  mother 
was  Catherin,  v'  Howell  Goch  Vanghan,  of  Penegos. 

The  Children  of  Owen  ap  Evan  ap  Lin.  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan 
Lloyd  ap  Einion  ap  leva  Goch  ap  Griffith  Carno :  viz :  David  ap 
Owen,  who  maried  Mary,  v*  Lewis  ap  Owen  ap  Evan  ap  David  of 
Llwylen :  Catherine,  who  maried  Evan  ap  Evan  ap  Bedo  of  Llan- 
girick ;  Gwen,  who  maried  Rob't  Waring  ap  Griffith  Vain,  of  North 
Wales.  Their  mother  was  Florence,  v'  David  Lloyd  ap  Meredith  ap 
Llewelyn. 

Owen  ap  Evan's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v'  Evan  Dackin  ap 
Bedo. 

Owen  ap  Evan  had  one  son  by  a  Concubine,  viz :  Evan  Owen, 
whose  mother  was  Anest,  v*  Griffith  David  Lloyd  ap  Meredith,  of 
Carno. 

David  ap  Owen's  Children ;  viz.:  Evan  who  maried  Elizabeth,  v' 
Rich'd  ap  Howell  ap  David  ap  Howell  David  Lloyd,  of  Llanwnog ; 
the  mother  of  which  Elizabeth  was  Elen,  v'  Kadwaladr  David  ap 
Gwilym  of  Cesick.  Jane,  the  Daughter  of  David,  maried  Howell 
David  ap  Henry  ap  Evan  Goch ;  <fe  Marg't  maried  Hugh  ap  John  ap 
Lin.  ap  Guttun  Deio  ap  Griffith,  of  Pentre  Gelling,  in  Bettws.  Their 
mother  was  Mary,  v'  Lewis  ap  Owen  ap  Evan  ap  David  ap  Lin.  ap 
Gronwy  ap  Cynvrick,^  of  Ceiswyn. 

Mary's  mother  was  Marg't,  v'  Hugh  ap  Roes  of  Maes  Mawr. 


P.  274  CARNO. 

The  Children  of  Owen  Vanghan  ap  Lin.  ap  Evan  Meredith  ap 
Evan  John  Lloyd  were  Moris  ap  Owen,  <jb  Catherine,  who  maned 

Griffith  ap  Qwilim  Phyllip,  of  Llandinam.     Their  mother  was , 

v'  Maurice  ap  Reynold  ap  Evan. 

Owen's  mother  was  Marg't,  v'  Owen  ap  Evan  Blarney. 

Moris  ap  Owen's  Children  were  Rees,   Evan,  Elen,  Gwenllian, 

1  This  appears  in  the  MS.  to  baye  been  mbbed  oat  when  the  ink  was  wet. 

'''  Cynwrig  ap  Duvydd  ap  Madoc  ap  Cadiyor  ap  Gwaethyoed,  Lord  of  Ceredij^on. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE    PEDIGREES.  11 

and  Jane.  Their  mother  was  Marg'fc,  v*  Maurice  ap  John  ap  Evan 
David  Lloyd,  of  Camo.  Marg't's  mother  was  Goleu,  v'  David  ap 
Owen  Bedo  Cymro,  of  Trev  Eglwys.  Maurice  ap  John's  mother 
was ,  v'  John  ap  Evan  ap  Kees,  of  North  Wales. 


CWM   YR   AWEL,  IN   CARNO. 

Rees  ap  Evan  ap  Owen  ap  Henry  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Meredith  ap 
Evan  Lloyd  ap  Einion  ap  Jeva  Goch  ap  Griffith  Camo.^ 

The  Children  of  Howell  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Dackin  Bedo  ap  Evan 
Gethin  were  John  ap  Howell ;  Lowry,  the  wife  of  David  ap  Howell 
of  Llanbrynmair ;  <fc  Marg't,  who  maried  Richard  ap  Evan  ap  Rees, 
of  Trev  Eglwys.  Their  mother  was  Catherin,  v'  Rees  Moel,  of 
Llangadvan. 

Howell  ap  Ll'n's  mother  was  Gole,  v*'  Howell  ap  Evan  Goch. 

Gole's  mother  was  Eva,  v*  &  heires  the  Tlwa,  of  Llangirick. 

Llewelyn  ap  Evan's  mdther  was  Marg't,  v'  Evan  ap  Meredith. 

John  ap  Howell's  Children,  viz.  Evan  ap  John,  who  maried 
Gwenllian,  v'  Evan  David  ap  Jenkin  Caerig,  of  Maes  Mawr,  <fc  his 
Children  were  Ellis,  William,  Rees,  Rob't,  Marg't,  <fc  Elizabeth. 

Henry  ap  John  ap  Howell's  Children  were  Oliver;  Hary ;  & 
Jane,  who  maried  Robert  Lewis  ap  Evan  Bach;  Florence,  who 
maried  Ellis  ap  Rob't  ap  Evan  ap  Owen:  Gwenllian;  &  Marg't. 
Their  mother  was  Catherin,  v'  David  ap  Evan  ap  Llewelyn  ap 
David :  her  mother  was  Mahallt,  v'  Llewelyn  ap  Evan. 

David  ap  Evan's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v'  Evau. 


PENRHYN  IN   BERIW. 


John  Penrhyn,  ap  David  ap  John  ap  Griffith  ap  Owen  ap  Griffith 
Goch  ap  Meredith  ap  David  ap  David  Lloyd  ap  David  ap  Evan  ap 
Einion  ap  Eilas  ap  Owen  ap  Trahairn  ap  Rob't,  brother  to  Meredith, 
Lord  of  Kedewen. 

John  Penrhyn's  mother  was  Jane,  v'  Richard  ap  Moms  ap  Owen, 
of  Rhiw  Saeson,  Esq. 

Jane's  mother  was  Elen,  v'  John  Vaughan,  of  Llanleri. 

David  ap  John's  Mother  was  ...^  v'  Rees  Goch  ap  David  ap 
Evan  Vanghan.  John  Griffith's  mother  was  ...^  v'  Hugh  Receiver, 
ap  Hugh  Receiver.  Griffith  ab  Owen's  mother  was  Ethliw,  v' 
Howell  Vaughan  ap  Evan  Vaughan  ap  David  ap  Phillip  Goch,  of 

*  Here  a  large  blank  oooars  in  the  oi^inal  MS.,  apparently  intended  to  be  filled  np. 
2  Margaret,  daughter  of  Rhys  Goch,  descended  from  Elystan  Glodrydd. 
'  Anne,  daaghter  of  Hugh  receiver  ap  Hiigh  ap  Howol  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Mercdydd 
Duppa. 


12  MONTOOIIERTSHIBE   PKDI0BEE8. 

Vaenor.  Ethliw's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v'  Owen  ap  Evan  Blae- 
ney.  Owen  ap  Griffith  Gt)ch*s  mother  was  Gwenllian,  v*  Meredith 
ap  Evan  ap  Gwilim,  of  Trevnant,  A  bo  to  Alo.  Griffith  Goeh's 
mother  was  Mali,  v*  Evan  Yanghan  ap  Evan  ap  Owen  of  Varchwen, 
ap  Einion  ap  Einion  Vych.  ap  Einion  Goch  ap  Cadwgan  Vych.  ap 
Cadwgan.  Meredith  David  Lloyd's  Mother  was  Annes,  v*  Griffith 
Meredith  ap  Einion  ap  Cynvrig.  David  ap  David  Lloyd's  mother 
was  Angharad,  v'  Madock  ap  Cadwgan  ap  Bees  ap  Bickart  ap 
Einion.  David  ap  Evan's  mother  was  Meddevis,  v'  &  heires  [of] 
David  Vychan,*  Lord  of  Pentref,  ap  David  ap  Evan  ap  Trahairn  ap 
Bob't  ap  Gwyn  ap  CoUwyn.* 


HAETHLE.2 

leetyn'  ap  Owrgene.=p 
Rhydderoh/  alias  Boderick.=p 


Caruulog.=T= 


T 


dderch.  =f=l 


Rhydderch.  =j=Marg't,  vrch.  Howell  ap  Bees  ap  Tewdwr. 

J 

Gronwy.^ 


Howell,"  Lord  of  Newton. ^Gwenllian,  vrch.  Lord  Bees  Gryg. 


*  Of  Penrhyn  in  Berriew. 

'  The  Heigntley  estate,  which  is  in  the  pariflh  of  Ohirbnry  and  ooonty  of  Salop, 
clone  to  the  border  of  Montgomeryahire,  was  sold  by  Bobert  Newton,  the  laat  of  Us 
family  who  possessed  it.  The  estate  then  became  the  property  of  Bobert  Lord 
Cliye.  great  grandfather  of  the  present  Earl  of  Powis,  who  is  now  the  owner  thereof. 

'  Other  anthorities,  amongst  which  is  the  pedigree  of  the  Cradocks,  given  in  page 
144  of  the  Welsh  MSS.  Society's  edition  of  these  pedigrees,  yol.  i,  state  that  this 
lestyn  was  son  of  Owain  ap  Howel  Dda,  and  which  is  mostprobably  correct. 

*  Mnoh  of  the  seeming  anachronisms  and  difficnlties  in  Welsh  History  respecting 
Bhydderch  ab  lestyn  wonld  be  avoided,  by  assigning  to  him  his  proper  descent  as 
grandson  of  Howel  Dda,  who  died  in  948,  and  not  making  him  to  be  a  son  of  lestyn 
ap  Gwrgan,  Prince  of  Glamorgan  ;  Bhydderch  ab  lestyn  having  aasamed  the  Sove« 
reignty  of  South  Wales  in  1021,  was  slain  in  1031,  and  his  son  Caradook  was  killed 
in  battle  with  King  Harold  in  1035 ;  whence  it  appears  almost  impossible  that  he 
could  have  been  a  son  of  lestyn  ap  Ghrrgan,  from  whom  the  Normans  won  the 
country  of  Glamormn  in  1001. 

'  Lord  of  Tstrad  Towy,  in  Carmarthenshire,  and  Newton,  in  Bhos,  Pembroke- 
shire. 


MONTOOMERTSHIftB   PIBDIGBBES.  13 

Cariadog  of  Nowtoii.=f=Catherin,  vrch.  S'r  Andrew  Perrot.' 


Wilcock  Cariadog,  Lord  of  Newton.=f=Joowan,  vrch.  S'r  Mathew  Wogan,  Knt.' 

I 


i 

William  Cariadog.=j=Catlierin,  vrch.  Sir  William  Delabere. 

I 

John  Cariadog,  Lord  of  Newton.  =f=Joewan,  vrch.  Sir  Elidr  Ddu.  •  I^*  275 


Robert  Caradog.=7=Catherin,  vrch.  SV  Nicholas  Sherbom. 

I 


John  Caradog.=f=Ne8t,  vrch.  Sir  Peter  Kussel. 

_    I 

John  Caradog.=FAnkret,'  vrch.  Howell  Moethe. 

Sir  Richard  Newton,^  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  £ngland.=j=Ema,  vrch.  Sir  Thomas 
I Perrot. 

Sir  Richard  Newton  of  Bever=r...,  vrch Newton      Sir  John  Newton.^ 

Castle.  I         ofCrowland. 


16  \c 

^  Lord  of  les^town,  or  Steynton,  in  Pembrokeshire.  He  was  son  of  Stephen 
Perrot,  Esq.,  who  settled  in  Wales  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  His  mother  was  Ellen, 
danghter  and  coheiress  of  Meirchion  ap  Rhys  ap  Rhydderch  ap  lestyn,  Lord  of 
lestyntown. 

3  Sir  Matthew  Wfi^n,  of  Wiston,  Knight,  married  Alice,  daughter  and  coheiress 
of  Meirchion  ap  Rhys,  sister  to  Ellen,  wife  of  Sir  Andrew  Perrot. 

'  In  page  45  of  the  Welsh  MSS.  Society's  edition  of  these  pedigrees,  vol.  i, 
she  is  called  Margaret,  which  name  is  also  given  her  in  the  MS.  Book  of 
Pedigrees  referred  to  in  page  238,  in  the  nossession  of  the  Printer  of  that 
edition,  from  which  the  foUowiDi?  is  eztractea  concerning  the  Cradook  family, 
and  which  will  serve  to  supply  some  particulars  omitted  above  :— *'  John  Cradock  of 
Newton,  &  Margaret  Moethe,  his  wife,  had  issue— Richard  Cradock  al'  Newton, 
Esq.  maried  Emmota,  da.  &  heir  of  John  Harvey  of  London.  Sir  John  Newton, 
Kmght,  son  of  Richard  Cradock  alias  Newton  k,  of  the  said  Emmota,  mard.  Isabell, 
da.  of  Thomas  Cheder ;  &  had  issue.  Thomas  Newton,  Esq.  mard.  Luce  da.  &  coheir 
of  John  Hamton,  and  had  issue  Sr.  John  Newton,  Knight,  mard.  Margaret,  da.  of 
Sr.  ^thony  Poyntz,  Knight,  &  had  issue,  Frances  Newton  wife  to  Wm.  Brook,  Lo. 
Cobham,  Henry  Brook,  Lo.  Cobham  &  Knight  of  the  Garter,  1600,  son  of  Wm. 
Brook,  Lo.  Cobham,  &  of  the  said  Frances  Newton."  It  will  be  readily  perceived 
that  this  extract  differs  in  some  of  the  marriages,  particularly  in  that  of  Thomas 
Newton,  which  in  the  text  is  nnintelligible,  and  is  given  verbatim  as  in  John 
Rhydderch's  original  MS. 

^  He  was  made  a  Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas  in  1439.  See  Note,  page  45  Welsh 
MSS.  Society's  edition. 

"  Sir  John  Newton  was  eldest  son  of  Sir  Richard  Cradock,  alias  Newton  ;  from 
him  were  descended  the  Newtons  of  Barr's  Court  and  Gunwarby,  Baronets ;  also  that 
luminary  of  science,  Sir  Isaac  Newton. 


14  MONTGOMERYSHIBK  PEDIORKES. 

I*  \e 

Sir  Peter  Newton,  one  of=f=Mawd,  v'  Sir     ThomaB^  Newton.=f=...,  vrch.  L'd 
the  Privy  CounoiL  Bioh'd  |       Dabrey. 

Cholmonle. 


John  Newton,  Esq.=T=...,  vrch.'  Ghriffith  Honton.  Sir  John  Newton  ol=j= 

I  GloucesterBhire. 


I  ]         I  I 

Francis  Newton,=pMary,  v'  Reynold  Corbett    Henry  Newton.    John  Newton 
Esq.  I  of  Stoke.  of  Bristol. 

J '  .'.  ■   ...    ^A-  ^^<-.' 

John  Newton,  Esq. 


WELCH   POOLE,  IN   MOUNTGOMERYSHIRE. 
1613. 

Edward  ap  Maurice  ap  John  Sadler  ap  David  Sadler  ap  Griffith, 
ap  Evan  ap  Griffith.^ 

Edward's  mother  was  Joried  v'roh  Reynold  ap  John  Goldsmith  ap 
John  Llowdden. 

Manrice  ap  John's  mother  was  Jane,  v'rch  Lewis  ab  Cadwaladr 
ap  David  ap  Meredith  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Hugh  ap  Meyrick,  of  Cloddie- 
Cochion. 

Joned  verch  Reynold's  mother  was  Ann,  verch  David  Vaaghan, 
of  Leigh  ton. 

Edward's  wife  was  Jane,  v'ch  John  Dewson.  Her  Mother  was 
Marg't  vrch.  Thomas  Troutbeck,  Ksqr.,  and  the  Children  of  Edward 
and  Jane  were  John  &  Catherin. 

Maurice  ap  John's  Children  were  Hugh;  Thomas;  Jane,  -who 
marled  Edmond  ap  Thomas,  Marg't  and  Catherin. 

John  Sadler's  Children  were  Maurice,  David,  Anthony,  Marg't, 
who  maried  John  Llewelyn,  and  Ann,  who  maried  Rob't  David. 

^  Called  Biohard  Newton  in  other  Pedigrees  of  this  family. 
*  Her  Dame  was  Elizabeth. 

'  Gniffydd  ap  Bhys  Vongam  ab  leran  Yyehan  ab  lefan  ap  Bhys  ap  Llowdden  ap 
lerwerth  ab  Uchdryd  ab  Aleth  Brenin  Dyred. 


MOMTQOMEliYSHIRE    PEDIGREES. 


DYFNANT,  IN   LLANGADVAN'S   PARISH, 
POWYS. 

Evan  Lloyd's  Children  were  ^Thomas  Lloyd  ap  Evan  Lloyd, 
Attorney,  ap  David  Lloyd  ap  Bees  ap  Evan  ap  LVn. 

Thomas  Lloyd's  wife  was  Joned,  vrch.  John  David  ap  Griffith  of 
Caernarvonshire.  Her  mother  was  Jane,  vrch.  Evan  William.  And 
the  Children  of  Thomas  and  Joned  were  John  Lloyd,  Rees,  Jane, 
Sina,  Catherin,  and  Elizabeth.  After  that,  Thomas  Lloyd,  mailed 
Catherin,  vrch.  Morns  ap  John  ap  Rees  of  Ceri,  who  had  been 
maried  before  to  Sr.  David  Nicholas. 

^David  ap  Evan  Lloyd  maried  Cathenn,  sister  to  the  above  said 
Joned  of  Caernarvonshire;  and  their  Child  was  Ann. 

^Edward  ap  Evan  Lloyd  maried  Gwen,  vrch.  John  David  ap 
Howell,  and  their  Child  was  Evan. 

♦Rees  ap  Evan  Lloyd. 

A  daughter  of  Evan  Lloyd  maried  Kadwaladr  ap  David  ap  John 
ap  Rees  ap  Owen  Vaughan,  and  their  Son  was  Thomas. 

The  wife  of  Evan  Lloyd,  Mother  of  the  above  children,  was  Seina, 
vrch.  Jno.  ap  Owen  ap  Evan  ap  Howell,  of  Welch  Poole. 

The  children  of  David  Lloyd  ap  Rees,  were  Evan,  Rees,  John, 
Maud,  who  maried  Jno.  ap  Evan  Bedo,  Elen,  who  maried  Meredith 
ap  Rees  ap  Griffith,  Marg't,  who  married  Rowland  Owen,  &  Lowry, 
who  maried  D'd  Goch  ap  Hagh.  Their  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch. 
John  ap  Evan  ap  Dackin,  and  her  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  David 
ap  Meredith  of  Bala. 


GILSFIELD    AND    LLAN6YNIW. 

Maurice  ap  Edmond  ap  Thomas  ap  Griffith  ap  David  Lloyd  ap 
David  Allen. 

His  mother  was  Ales,  vrch.  <fc  heiress  of  Howell  ap  David  ap 
Ev'n  Lloyd,  of  Pentyrch.  Her  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  David  ap 
David  of  Cae  Dn. 

Maurice's  children  were  John  and  James  :  their  mother  was 
Marg't,  vrch.  Hugh  David  ap  Hugh  ap  Evan  Smith,  of  Pentyrch. 

Maurice's  children  by  his  2d  wife  were  Bamaby,  Elnor,  Eliza- 
beth, and  Mary.  Their  mother  was  Eliz.  vrch.  Ralph  Bayly  of 
Warwick. 


16  MONTOOMERTSHIBE   PEDIGREES. 


P.  276  WELCH    POOLE    AND   NANT    CRIBA.^ 

TEMP,  HENB.  5. 

Sir  Griffith  Yanghan,  Et.,'  son  to  Griffith  ap=FMargaret,   rrch.   Griffith  ap 
Evan  ap  Madock-^  ap  Gwenwys.  Jen^in  of  Mochdre,  ooheir. 

David  Lloyd.  ^Luesi,  heires  to  Meredith  ap  Cadwalader. 


David  Lloyd  yaughan.=j=Marg't,  d.  &  heires  to  John  Midleton  of  Havod- 

wen. 

I  a 


1  Nant  Criba  Hall,  about  two  miles  north  from  Montgomeiy. 

.2  Sir  Gra£fydd  VychaD,  Knight,  was  descended  from  Brochwel  Ysgythrog,  Prince 
of  Powys.  According  to  the  accounts  of  genealogists,  "  Sir  Gmffydd  Yychan  of 
Powys"  was  created  Knight  Banneret  at  the  battle  of  Agineourt.  He  probably 
commanded  the  quota  sent  from  his  own  district  in  the  general  levy  from  Wales : 
an'd  as  he  received  the  honour  of  Knighthood  in  the  company  of  Sir  David  Gam  and 
his  brave  relatives,  Sir  Roger  Vaughan  and  Sir  Watkin  Lloyd,  who  died  on  the  field 
of  battle,  it  may  be  presumed  that  Sir  Gruffydd  Yychan  shared  with  them  in  the 
exploit  of  rescuing  their  Sovereign  from  a  very  perilous  situation.  In  the  oase  of  Sir 
Gruffydd  Yychan,  and  also  of  others  who  obtained  distinction  at  Agineourt,  we 
observe  their  families,  in  no  length  of  time,  rising  to  consideration  and  importance  in 
thoir  respective  neighbourhoods.  Sir  Gruffydd  Yychan,  soon  after  that  event,  was 
called  Lord  of  Burgedin,  Treflydan,  Garth,  and  Gaerfawr,  though  he  had  commenced 
his  career  as  second  son  of  Gruffydd  ab  leuan  ap  Madoc  Gwenwys,  a  petty  chieftain 
in  Guilfifield  ;  and  his  descendants  continued,  for  many  years  after  his  decease, 
persons  of  consequence  and  influence  in  the  country.  About  the  latter  end  of  1417i 
two  years  after  the  battl^'of  Agineourt,  we  find  Sir  Gruffydd  Yychan,  and  his  elder 
brother,  leuan,  in  an  employment  which  redounded  little  to  their  credit,  though  pro- 
bably they  acted  on  the  occasion  in  obedience  to  the  command  of  their  paramount  Lord. 
Henry  Y  having  given  up  Sir  John  Oldcastle,  his  old  companion  and  faithful  soldier, 
to  the  rigour  of  the  law  which  had  then  been  lately  passed  against  the  Lollards,  he  was 
at  this  time  taken  in  Powys  Land,  under  the  direction  of  Edward  Charlton,  the  last 
Lord  Powys  of  that  name,  and  conducted  to  London  by  Sir  John  Grey,  his  son-in- 
law.  From  documents  at  present  in  the  possession  of  their  descendants,  through 
heirs  female,  namely,  the  family  of  Mytton  of  Garth,  in  Guilsfield,  it  appears  that 
the  active  agents  in  arresting  Sir  John  Oldcastle  were  the  two  brothers,  leuan  and 
Sir  Gruffydd  Yychan  ;  and,  from  the  privileges  specifically  granted  them  on  account 
thereof,  that  it  was  considered  a  service  of  danger.  Sir  Gmffydd  Yychan,  there  is 
sufficient  authority  for  stating,  was  eventually  tjiken  off  himself  in  a  violent  manner. 
From  an  Elegy,  written  to  his  memory  by  Davydd  Llwyd  ap  Llewelyn  of  Mathavam, 
we  collect  that,  having  refused  to  obey  a  summons  of  Henry  Grey,  Lord  of  Powys, 
to  perform  some  feudal  service,  he  was  by  him  put  to  death  by  decapitation  ;  and,  as 
is  intimated  by  the  **  Cywydd",  by  violating  a  safe  conduct  granted  to  him.  Sir 
Gruffvdd  Yychan  must  at  this  time  have  been  far  advanced  in  years ;  for,  at  the 
period  of  the  battle  of  Agineourt,  Henry  Grey  was  not  bom.  Sir  Gruffydd  Yychan 
had  issue  David,  Beynold,  and  Gadwaladr ;  Catherine,  wife  of  Edward  Bewpy ; 
Gwenhwyvar,  wife  of  Gruffydd  ap  Aaron  ap  Edny ved  ;  Anne,  wife  of  leuan  Yychan 
of  Penllyn ;  and  Margaret,  wife  of  Morys  Ludlow,  and  afterwards  married  to  an 
English  Knight. 

3  Madoo  Gwenwys  married  Arddun,  daughter  of  Bhys  ap  Sir  Aaron  ap  Bledri, 
Knight  of  the  Sepulchre,  and  had  issue  leuan,  Gmffydd,  John,  Bhys,  and  Margaret, 
wife  of  Adda  Ddu  of  Ceri. 

*  David  Lloyd  was  twice  married.  His  second  wife  was  Elen,  daughter  of  Jenkin 
Kynaston,  Esq.,  by  whom  he  had  issue  Humphrey  Lloyd,  Boger  Lloyd,  Edward 
Lloyd,  and  Ann,  wife  of  William  Corbet  of  Worthyn,  Esq.  He  had  also  a  daughter, 
Catherine,  by  his  first  wife. 


MONTQOM£RTSHIRE    PEDIGREES. 


17 


Jane,  vrch.  John  Conway  ap  Jno.  Conway  [2d=j=Rob't= 
wife]. 


'Marg't,  dr.  &,  heires  of 
Beinallt  ap  David. 


Oliver     Rondle    Reynold     Ales.    Ann.      Boger=j=Elizabeth,  vrch.  Evan  ap 
""'""      -ri--^        Lloyd.  »*      .       - 


Lloyd.     Lloyd. 


Lloyd. 


Owen,  and  her  mother 

Marg*t,  vrch.  Humphrey 

Eynaston,  ap  S'r  Roger 

Kynaston,  Et. 


Richard  =T=Mary,  vrch.  Edw.    Jane. 
Lloyd.  Barton. 

Theophilas  Lloyd.=j= 


I 


Oliver  =7=Jo wan,  vrch.  Roger  Jones  ap 
Lloyd.T  '  -     '  ^ 


Jno.  ap  Hagh. 


Charles  Lloyd.        Rose. 


Charles  Lloyd.=T= 


Elizabeth. 


David  Lloyd  ap  Bob't,  the  2d  Brother,  maried  Mallt,  vrch.  John 
ap  Meredith  ap  Rees :  their  Children  were  Oliver  Lloyd ;  Ales,  wife 
of  John  Jones ;  Elizabeth  ;  Jane ;  and  Mary. 

Maurice  Lloyd,  another  son  of  Robert,  went  to  Bristol. 

Rowl'd  Lloyd,  another  son  of  Robert,  maried  Jane,  vrcb.  W'm  ap 
Reynold,  and  their  daughter  was  Catherine.  Afterwards  he  maried 
Elizabeth,  vrch.  Griffith  Nanney,  Esqr.,  and  their  Children  were 
Rob't,  John,  Humphrey,  Jane,  and  Marg*t. 

Robert  Lloyd's  Daughters  were  Elizabeth,  who  maried  Morgan 
David  ap  John  Pierce;  Catrin,  who  maried  Rees  ap  Edward  ap 
Deio  Qoch ;  Joned,  who  maried  Rob*t  ap  Owen  ap  Evan  ap  Howell ; 
and  Rose,  who  maried  John  Say  ap  Owen  Say. 

The  Names  of  the  19  Witnesses  yt.  was  against  Griffith  ap  Howell 
ap  David,  of  the  Rustock,  and  with  Margaret  Midleton,  heires  to 
John  Midleton,  ap  Pierce  Midleton. 


Ririd  Middleton 
Hugh  Ford 
John  Midleton 
John  Hockleton 
William  Young 
Griffith  Edward 
John  Foord 
John  Brochdjm 
David  ap  Howell 


W'm  Green 

Afaurioe  ap  Hugh,  of  Gwnle 

Nicholas  Corbett 

John  Penrhy,  of  Stockton 

Rob't  Peg 

Ghiffith  Bryan 

Howell  ap  John 

Rich'd  ap  Evan 

Walter  Reg,  aUae  Meadow 

John  RoVt 

In  the  6th  year  of  King  Henry  the  7th  Eeign, 

3 


18  M0NT00MEBY8HIBB   PEDI0REE8. 


Hugh  Bowdler.=y.. 


I  I 

William^  k  Robert,  both  without        Catherin  Bowdler.=FPetar  Middleton  of 
iBsne.  I      Moontgomeiy. 

John  Midletoa^Elen,  vrch.  Griffith  Wjn. 
I 


David  Lloyd  Yaughan  ap  David  Lloyd  ap=pMarparet,  Bole  heirea  of  Jno. 
S'r  Griffith  Yaughan.  I         Midleton  of  Havodweo. 


Oliver  Lloyd.*=i= 

I 
Rich'd  Lloyd. '=f= 

^1  Ab  verifieth  the  Welch  poet : — 

I 
Bich'd  Lloyd.^  "  Lie  Bowdler  mor  ber  ar  bangc 
I  Yw  Ue  Dafydd  Lloyd  ifangc' . 

Priamas  Lloyd,  1618. 

P.  277  Hugh  Bowdler  had  no  more  children  but  2  sons  and  one  dangbter 
and  severall  say  that  Griffith  ap  Howell  ap  David  cannot  derive 
himself  from  this  Bowdler.  It  apeareth  per  Jno.  Middleton's  ffeff- 
ment  from  his  Uncle,  and  his  Mother's  Brother,  yt.  she  was  sole 
heires  afber  his  decease.  The  ffeoffors  names  were  Thomas  Corbet 
of  Lee,  Esq.,  and  Phillip  ap  Jenkin,  in  the  1st  year  of  Ed.  the  4th. 
Rob't  Ll'n  of  Monntgomery  and  Mand  his  wife  gave  the  Kavod- 
wen  to  Eleanor,  vrch.  Goodrids  of  Hockleton,  and  after  his  decease 
to  Margery  her  daughter  and  heires,  who  maried  Wm  of  Maring- 
ton,  and  to  their  Issue  for  ever.  Witnesses  to  ye  same,  Rob't  Lo^ 
Bowdler,  Baldwyn  his  brother,  Hadon  of  Hadon,  Adam  of  Ponts- 
bnry,  Roger  de  Bowdler,  Boger  de  Say,  and  others. 

1  In  some  MSS.  it  ib  Johtit  i^nd  not  William. 

*  He  married  GwenUian,  daughter  of  Gknffydd  ap  Howel  ab  lenan  Blaaney.  Her 
mother  was  Catherine,  daughter  of  Edward  ap  Howel  of  Ytfeyoor. 

>  Bichard  Llovd's  wife  was  Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Newton,  eon  of  Sir  Peter 
Newton  of  Haethle.  Her  mother  was  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Gruffydd  Hintcm,  Eiq. 
See  Haethle,  page  12,  twpra. 

^  Bichard  Lloyd  married  Luoy,  daughter  of  Biohard  Powel  of  Ednop,  Sergeant-ai- 
Arms :  her  mother  wm  Anne,  daughter  of  David  Young,  son  of  WiUiam  Young. 


MONTGOMEKYSHIRE    PEDIGREES.  19 


CARNO. 


Th£  Children  of  Austyn  ap  Bees  ap  Lewia  ap  Evan  Lloyd  ap 
Griffith  ap  Evan  Blaeney,  viz :  John  Austyn  maried  Mary,  vrch. 
James  Perks ;  Rees  maried  Jane,  vrch.  and  coheir  of  Evan  ap 
Howell  Goch  of  Llangyniw ;  Thomas  maried  Margaret,  vrch.  Evan 
John  Howell  of  Camo ;  Catherin  maried  Edward  David  ap  Owen  of 
Llanwyddelan ;  and  Qwen.  Their  mother  was  Joyce,  vrch.  John 
Arnwe,^  and  her  mother  was  Ann  Asley. 

The  Children  of  Anstin  ap  Bees  by  his  2d  wife,  were  Hugh,  Evan, 
Rich*d,  David,  Lewis,  Charles,  John,  Rees,  and  Elizabeth.  Their 
mother  was  Ales,  vrch.  Hngh  Sienton,  and  her  mother  was  Margaret, 
vrch.  William  Wright. 


CILVACH   Y  REW,  LLANWNOG. 

The  Children  of  Maurice  ap  Evan  ap  Howel  ap  Meredith  ;  namely, 
^ David,  who  maried  Jane,  vrch.  Maurice  ap  Owen  ap  John  Goch,  of 
Maes  Mawr ;  ^Robert ;  ^Maurice,  who  maried  Jane  vrch.  Meredith 
ap  Griffith,  of  Llanwrin,  and  his  Children  were  David,  John, 
Elizabeth,  W'm,  and  Bridgett ;  ^Elizabeth,  who  maried  David 
ap  Evan  Ddu,  of  Llanbadarn  Vynyth  ;  ^Gwen,  who  maried  Maurice 
David  ap  Henry,  of  Camo;  and  ^Elen,  who  maried  William  ap 
John  ap  Rees. 

Kob't  the  2nd.  son  of  the  aforesaid  Maurice,  maried  Florence, 
vrch.  David  ap  Owen  ap  Meredith  David  Gethin,  of  the  same  place ; 
and  his  Children  were  S'r  David  Robert,  Vickar  of  Llandinam ;  and 
Marg't,  who  maried  Hary  Griffith  ap  Howell  Bedo,  of  Castell. 

1  Jobn  Ameway,  whose  daagbter,  Jojoe,  married  Anstin  ap  Bees,  was,  though  of 
a  Shropshire  family,  of  Trefi^ynon,  in  the  coonty  of  Mont^mery,  where  he  probably 
resided  as  a  lessee  or  manager  under  the  Blayney  family,  the  heads  of  which  were  at 
this  period  holding  military  commands  in  the  armies  of  Qaeen  Elisabeth,  and 
obtained  large  grants  in  Ireland,  where  they  are  now  represented  by  the  present  Lord 
Blayney.  Margaret  Ameway,  sister  of  John  Ameway  of  Tregynon,  married  Owen 
ap  Morris  (or  Manrice,  ap  Howell  ap  Evan  ap  Griffith  Lloyd,  page  282,  Welsh  MSS. 
Society  Edition  of  these  Pedigrees)  of  Caer  Sws,  in  Montgomeryshire ;  and  when  the 
Ameways  returned  into  Shropshire,  the  descendants  of  Owen  ap  Morris  and  Margaret 
migrated,  with  them.  The  celebrated  Boyalist,  Jobn  Ameway,  D.D.,  Archdeacon 
of  Salop,  in  the  Diocese  of  Lichfield  and  Coventry ^  Prebend  of  Wolyey,  in  the  same 
Diooese,  Bector  of  Hudnet,  etc.,  was  a  grandson  of  John  Ameway  of  Tregynon. 
Dr.  Ameway  was  among  the  Boyalists  taken  prisoner  by  the  forces  of  Colonel 
Mytton,  in  the  capture  of  Shrewsbury,  on  the  22nd  of  Febmary  1644-5.  While 
subsequently  an  exile  for  his  loyalty,  he  wrote  '*  The  Tablet,  or  Moderation  of 
Charles  the  First,  Martyr",  12mo.,  printed  after  his  death,  in  1661.  See  *'  Walker's 
Sufferings  of  the  Clergy."  After  suffering  imprisonment,  and  being  driren  an  exile 
to  the  Hague,  he  was,  by  necessity,  forced  thence  to  Virgioia,  where  he  died  (.before 
the  Restoration  of  Bojulty)  in  1653. 


20  MONTaOMBRYSHIBE    PEDIOBBfiS. 

John,  brother  of  Maurice,  marled  Joan,  vrch.  and  heir  to  David 
ap  Oliver,  of  Trev  Eglwys ;  Elizabeth,  their  sister,  maried  Evan  ap 
Uowell  ap  David  ap  John,  of  Llanwnog ;  and  Golan,  maried  David 
ap  Evan  ap  Bedo.  Their  mother  was  Jane,  vrch.  David  ap  Maorioe 
Gocb,  of  Llandinam :  her  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  Meredith  ap 
Howel  ap  Moris  ap  Meredith  Yaughan,  of  Maes  Mawr. 

Maarioe  ap  Evan's  mother  was  Alswn,  vrch.  Tndnr  ap  Griffith  ap 
Evan  ap  GriflTri  ap  Howell  ap  lerwerth. 


David  ap  John  ap  D*d  ap  Morus  ap  Griffith  ap  Tadar  ap  David 
ap  J  Cethin.^  His  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  John  David  ap  Evan 
ap  Cadwgan,  of  Dalvorg. 

John's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  vrch.  Lewis  ap  Howell  David 
Lloyd :  her  mother  was  Mary,  vrch.  Howell  ap  Ll'n. 

David  ap  Moris's  mother  was  Gwenhwyvar,  vrch.  and  heir  of 
Evan  Philip :  her  mother  was  Dythgi,  vrch.  Rees  ap  D'd  ap  Rees  ap 
Madock  ap  Adam,  of  Radnorshire. 

Moris,  ap  Griffith's  Mother  was ,  vrch.  Bedo  Deio  Dn. 

John  D'd  Moris's  2d  wife  was  Elen,  vrch.  David  ap  Evan  ap  Rees 
ap  Elidr  Penllyn :  and  his  children  were  Rees ;  and  Hngh,  who 
maried ,  vrch.  Arthur  William,  of  Garuo. 


Humphrey  ap  David  ap  Bedo  ap  Evan  Goch  ap  Tudnr  vab  Sir 
William  o  Lanvachreth. 

Tudur's  Children  were  Evan  Du  and  Evan  Goch. 

Evan  Goch's  child  was  Bedo :  his  mother  was  Eve,  vrch.  Ll'u  ap 
Evan  Lloyd. 

David  ap  .Bedo's  Children  were  Rees  ap  Bedo ;  Angharad,  who 
maried  Owen  ap  David  ap  Madoc  Yaughan ;  and  Gwenllian,  who 
maried  Reynold  of  PlimghiUan  :  their  mother  was  of  the  Family  of 
Emry's. 

David  ap  Bedo's  Children  were  John  :  Humphrey  ;  Catherin,  who 
was  maried  to  John  ap  Roger  ap  David  Goch,  of  Bregedin  in 
Cedewen ;  Gwenllian,  who  maried  Roger  ap  David  Goch,  of  Drehelig; 
and  Rob't  Goch's  Brother  was  of  Llai,  Nephew  to  Rob't  Yaughan ; 
Elizabeth,  who  maried  Reynold  ap  David  Yaughan  ap  Meredith 
Lloyd.  Their  Mother  was  Mallt,  vrch.  Evan  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Griffith 
Gethin,  of  Mowthwy. 

John  ap  David  ap  Bedo's  Child  was  S'r  Rob't  Jones  D'd  ap  Bedo, 
his  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  Cadwaldr  ap  Rees  :  her  mother  was 
.......  vrch.  Griffith  David  Lloyd.     Their  Children  were  Humphrey 

and  Oliver. 

Oliver  maried  Ales,  vrch.  John  Bowen,  and  their  Children  were 
John  and  Margaret. 

The  children  of  Humphrey  were  Charles;  Marg't,  who  maried 
Edward  Foulk  ap  John  Foulk ;  Gwen,  who  maried  Ll'n  Goch  ap 
Roger  ap  John  Goch ;  and  Mary,  who  maried  Walter  ap  John  ap 

1  David  ap  y  Cethin  wa8  a  descendant  of  Elystan  Glodrydd. 


M0NTQ0MEBY3HIRE   PEDIQRBES.  21 

Hamphrey,  of  Salop,  Coroner.  Their  mother  was  Jane,  vrch.  LVn 
ap  Grriffith  ap  David,  and  her  mother  was  Elen,  vrch.  Griffith  ap 
Evan  ap  Howell. 


MBIVOD. 

The  children  of  Owen  ap  Meredith  ap  Ll'n  ap  Tudur  ap  Meredith 
ap  Griffith  Lloyd  ap  Llewelyn  Voelgrwn.^  viz. 

Humphrey,  who  maried  Joned,  vrch.  John  ap  Evan  ap  Owen : 
they  had  one  Daughter  named  Marg't,  who  maried  Andrew  Ellis. 
Humphrey's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Humphrey  Lloyd  ap 
Griffith. 

Owen  ap  Meredith's  mother  was  Gwen,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  Owen :  P.  27S 
her  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  David  ap  Griffith  ap  Evan  ap  Giwn 
Lloyd. 

Thomas  ap  Owen's  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  David^  ap  Rees  ap 
Evan  ap  Ll*n  ap  David  ap  Griffith  ap  ler worth  ap  Owen  Bro- 
gentyn. 

Owen  ap   Griffith's  mother,  was    ,   vrch.   lolyn*  ap   Evan 

Qethin. 

Meredith  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Tudnr's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch. 
David. 

Llywelyn  ap  Tudur's  mother  was  Maud,  vrch.  Evan  David  Ddu, 

Meredith  ap  Owen  maried  Ales,  vrch.  Robert  Tauad  ap  John 
Tanad  ab  Evan  Lloyd,  of  Abertanat. 

Owen's  Daughters  were  Catherin,  who  maried  David  Lloyd  ap 
Evan  ap  Owen ;  Elizabeth,  who  maried  David  Lloyd  Jeffrey ;  and 
Jane,  who  maried  Jenkin  ap  John  Hary ;  and  Eleanor  maried  Bob't 
ap  Lewis  Moris. 

^  Llewelyn  Voelgrwn  wm  a  descendant  of  Bleddyn  ap  Cjuryn,  Prinee  of  Powya. 
He  was  seated  at  Main,  in  the  parish  of  Meivod,  and  his  arms  were  "  Argent,  a  lion 
passant  Sahle,  within  a  border  indented  Gnles." 

*  From  this  David  ap  Bhys,  fifth  Baron  of  Kymmer,  in  Edeymion,  are  descended 
the  Hnghes's  of  Gwerclas,  Barons  of  Kymmer,  in  Edeymion,  now  represented  by 
William  Hoghes,  Exq. 

'  lolyn  ap  leyan  Gethin  ap  Madoc  Kyffin  was  progenitor  of  the  Boberts  of  Llan- 
gedwyn,  and  the  Kyffins  of  Bodvach. 


22  MONTGOMEBTSUIRK    PEDIGREKS. 


MEIVOD   AND   PENIARTH. 

The  Cryth.=f 


Ma!dook.y 

Llewelyn.=i= 

1 

vrch. 

Gutyn.=i= 

Jenkin.=f= 

1 

Griffith.=f 

1 

Griffith.=r 

1 

£van.=T= 

i 

Evan.=T= 

1 

1 
Howell.=r 

Maurice.  =p 

Evan  yaoghan.=F 

Lewi8.=f=Ne8t, 

Gwenllian.^Sir  Matthew 
of  Melwern. 

Cadwaladr  of=f  Elen. 
MeiTod. 

I  1  I      I 

Evan.  -sLowry,  Yrch.  VPm    Catherin  married  Boburt  Owen.    Evan  Cad- 
ap  Thomas.              ap  David  ap  Howell  waladr. 

Qoch. 


THE   PAEISH   OP  CASTELL :    TREVHELIG. 

The  Children  of  Reynold  ap  Evan  Lloyd  ap  Gnttyn  ap  Gwyn  ap 
Griffri,  of  Trehelig,  viz. 

^Hngh,  ^Thomas,  Rich'd,  Hugh  the  yonnger,  of  Ffordyn. 

The  daughters  are,  Mavanwy,  who  maried  Hngh  ap  Cadwalader, 
of  Welch  Poole  :  Gwen,  who  maried  Roger  ap  John  Pierce :  Marg't, 
who  maried  Jno'  D'd  ap  Hngh,  .of  Welch  Poole. 

Their  mother  was  Tanglnst,  vrch.  Dackin  ap  Gwilim,  of  Llan- 
gyniw. 

Reynold  ap  Evan  Lloyd's  mother  was  Arddnn,  vrch 

Hugh  ap  Reynold's  Children  were  ^Hary,  who  maried  Catherin, 
vrch.  Hump,  ap  Ll'n  ap  Bedo,  and  his  Children  were  John,  Marg't, 
David,  and  Elis.  ^Catherin,  who  maried  Rees  ap  David  ap  Howell, 
of  Beriw,  and  ^Elizabeth,  who  maried  Lewis  ap  Edward. 

Reynold  ap  Hugh  maried  Elen,  vrch.  Evan  ap  Griffith ;  and  her 
mother  was  Marg't,  sister  to  John  Llewelyn,  of  Towyn. 

Thomas  Reynold  had  Marg't ;  and  her  mother  was  Ann,  vrch. 
David  ap  John  ap  Hugh  ap  Wat  kin  ap  Evan  ap  lerwerth. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE    PEDIGREES.  28 

Ricb'd  ap  Reynold's  Children  were  Rob'fc,  David,  Hugh,  Hary, 
Griffith,  Anne,  and  Elizabeth,  who  maried  Edward  ap  Deio  Goch 
ap  Howell  ap  Einion ;  tbeir  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  Madock 
ap 

Hn^h  the  younger  had  one  son  Humphrey ;  and  his  mother  was 
Gwenllian,  yrch.  David  ap 


LLANDYSSILIO,  GAVELL  JENKIN. 

The  Children  of  Thomas  ap  John  ap  Griffith  ap  Madock  ap  Mere- 
dith were  Evan,  Thomas,  William,  Hugh,  William  the  younger. 
Their  mother  was  Gwyryl,  vrch.  David  Goch  ap  Madok,  of  Machyn- 
lleth. John  ap  Griffith's  mother  was  Joned,  vrch.  Jenkin  ap  David 
ap  Howell. 

Evan  ap  Thomas  ap  John  maried  ;  his  children  were  Evan 

and  Lewis. 

The  children  of  William  Sen'r  were  Griffith,  JeflRrey,  John, 
Lewis,  and  Marg't,  who  maried  Evan  ap  John  ap  David,  of 
Deuddwr ;  their  Mother  was  Owen,  Vrch.  Evan  ap  Llewelyn  ap 
Griffith  Lloyd.  Evan  ap  John's  mother  was  Catherin,  Vrch. 
David. 

William  Jun'r  ap  Thomas  ap  John  maried  Catherine,  vrch.  Rich'd 
ap  W'm;  and  William's  Children  by  her  were  Cadwaladr,  Griff'., 
David,  Rich'd,  Catherin,  who  maried  John  ap  Griffith  Goch ;  Jane 
who  maried  Griffith  ap  Reynold ;  Joes ;  and  Elizabeth. 

Testifyed  per  WILLIAM  AP  JOHN. 


LLANDYSSILIO  AGAIN,  RHYSNANT. 

Rob't  base  son  to  W'm  ap  Hugh  ap  David  ap  Llewelyn  ap 
Griffith  Yanghan  ap  Griffith  Deuthwr*  ap  Owen  ap  Meyrick  ap 
Pasgen. 

The  Daughters  of  William  were  Marg't,  wbo  married  Thomas  ap 
Meredith  ap  Griffith  ap  Humphrey  Penrhyn,  Sina,  and  Ann :  Their 
mother  was  Joned,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  Evan  ap  Ll'u'  ap  Evan 
Vaughan.  William's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Griffith  ap  David 
Lloyd.  Hugh  ap  David's  mother  was  Mallt,  vrch.  Owen  ap  Madock, 
of  Meivod. 

1  Gmffydd  Deuddwr  of  fihyanant,  ancestor  of  the  Penrhyns  of  tbat  place,  married 
Eva,  dangrhter  and  heiress  of  Llewelyn  ap  Bavydd  Llwch  ap  Madoc  ap  Kirid  ap 
Cadwgan  ap  lorwerth  Hilvawr  ap  Mael  Maelienydd  ap  Cadrael  ap  Cadell  ap  Bodri 
Mawr. 


24  MONTOOlfERYSHIBK    PEDIQREBS. 

Davyd  Llwch  ap  RhiricJ  ap  Cadwgan  ap  Madock  ap  lerwerth  ap 
Mael  Milienjth  ap  Cadvael  ap  Cadell  ap  Roderick  the  Great. 

Testified  per  LEWIS  AP  MEREDITH. 

Dated  at  first  July  the  Ist  1586 

Anno  Reginas  Elizabeth  zxviii. 


LLANDYSSILIO.  P.  279 

Tbb  children  of  David  ap  Griffith  ap  David  ap  jBvan  ap  Adam, 
were  John  ap  David  maried  Marg't,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  Maurice  ap 

David  ap  John,  pe?*  Elizabeth,  vrch.  Owen  ap  ,  ap  Rich*d  ap 

Howell,  of  Crew. 

The  children  of  John  ap  David  were  Humphrey  ap  John,  and 

Griffith  ap  John,  who  maried  Jane,  vrch ;  and  his  children  by 

her  before  mariage  were  Jeffirey  and  Gilbert :  after  they  were  maried, 
they  had  Joned,  Mand,  Maud  the  younger,  and  Gwen. 

'Edward  ap  David,  who  married  Maud,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  Griffith 
ap  Madock. 

David  ap  Griffith  had  also  one  Daughter  called  Maud,  who  maried 
Jeffirey  ap  Reynold,  of  Llandrinio  parish. 

The  mother  of  these  children  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Howell  ap  Griffith, 
David  ap  Griffith's  mother  was  Marg't,  heires  to  David  ap  Madock, 
of  Melverley. 


LLANVECHAIN. 


RoBT.  ap  John  ap  D'd  ap  Rees  ap  Evan  bach,  of  Elnockin,  maried 
Gwen  vrch.  Maurice^  ap  Meredith  ap  Evan  ap  Rees,  of  Llanrhaiadr; 
her  mother  was  Seina,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  Reynold  ap  Evan  ap  Griffith 
ap  Howell. 

Rob't  ap  John's  children  were  David  and  Marg*t. 

Wm  ap  John,  Marg't^  verch  John,  Ales,  verch  John,  2d. 
daughter;  Maud  maried  Rob't  ap  Rob't  ap  Hugh  ap  David,  of 
Park. 

Bob't's  mother  was  Lowry,  vrch.  John  ap  William  ap  lolyn  ap 
Evan  Gethin  ap  Madock  Cy&i,  Lowry's  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch. 
Ednyved  ap  Griffith  ap  Evan  ap  Einion  ap  Griffith  ap  Llewelyn  ap 
Kynvrig. 

^  Morris  ap  Meredydd  ap  levan  ap  Rhys  ap  Howell  ap  Bhys  ap  Gniffydd  ap  leran 
Gethin  ap  Madoo  Eyffin,  resided  also  at  Lloran,  in  Llansilin. 


MONTaOMERTSHIBE    PEDIGREBS.  25 

John  David  ap  Rees's  mother  was  Ales,  vroh.  Bioh*d  ap  John  ap 
£van  Yanghan,  of  the  same. 

Testifyed  per  JOHN  DAVID  AP  GRIFFITH. 

Dated  first,  the  7th  day  of  Jaly 

Anno  BegiDSB  Elizabeth  xxviii  1586. 


MBCHAIN,  IN   POWYS,  A  MAENTWROG.^ 

The  children  of  Owen  ap  Evan  Vaughan  ap  Meredith  ap  Howell 
ap  David  ap  Griffith  ap  Meredith  ap  Einion  ap  Gwgan  ap  Merwydd 
ap  Gollwyn,  viz. 

^Rich'd  ap  Owen,  ^David  ap  Owen,  ^Humphrey  Owen  M'rof  Arts 
and  Parson  of  Bramton  Brian,  *Hngh  Owen,  ^Kadwalader  Owen^ 
M'r  of  Arts  and  Parson  of  Llan  Veohan  and  Llanbrynmair,  Justns 
o  Corwm,  and  Batchelonr  of  Divinity,  who  maried  Blaens,  coheir  of 
John  Roberts,  Esqr.'  his  children  by  her  are  John,  Lowry,  and  Ann ; 
•Lowry,  maried  David  ap  Griffith  ap  David,  of  Maentwrog;  and 
^Gwen,  who  maried  Lewis  ap  William. 

Their  mother  was  Lowry,  vrch.  Howell  ap  Evan  ap  David  ap 
David  Prys,  of  Penmachno,  ap  David  ap  Howell  ap  Meredith. 

Evan  Vanghan's  mother  was  Joned,  vrch.  Meredith  ab  Einion  ap 
Gwgan  ap  Merwydd  ap  Gollwyn:  her  mother  was  Lowry,  vrch. 
Evan  ap  Meredith  ap  Howell  ap  David  ap  Griffith  ap  Cariadawg  ap 
Thomas  ap  Rodri. 

Evan  Vanghan's  wife  was  Elin,  vrch.  David  ap  Rees  ap  looky 
ap  David  ap  Griffith  ap  Meredith,  of  Croessior,  in  Llanvrothen, 
by  Lowry,  vrch.  lerwerth  ap  Adda,  of  Dan  y  Bwlch,  in  Coed 
Dyffryn. 


COLLVRYN. 

Edward  ap  David  ap  Griffith  ap  Madock  ap  Meredith  ap  Griffith 
ap  Llewelyn  ap  David  Llwch*  ap  Ririd,  maried  Elizabeth,  vrch. 
Jeffrey  Tan  ad  ap  Evan  Lloyd :  their  children  were  Owen  Edward, 
Thomas  Edward,  John,  Jeffrey,  Evan,  David,  Mary,  and  Marg't. 
Edward  ap  David's  mother  was  Tomasin,  vrch.  Edward  Trevor. 

1  In  Merionethshire. 

2  Cadwaladr  Owen  was  ooUsted  to  the  B9otor7  of  Llanvechain  in  1601,  to  the 
Vicarafife  of  Llanbrynmair  in  1606,  and  died  in  1617. 

'  John  Boberte,  Esq.,  second  son  of  Bobfirt  ap  Morris  ap  John  ap  Meredydd  of  T 
Park,  in  Llanfrothen. 

^  Darid  Llwoh  was  a  chieftain  seated  at  Halohdyn,  in  Denddwr,  Montgomery- 
shire.    His  arms  were  Azare,  3  Sea  Qnlls  Argent. 

4 


26  MONTaOMEBTSHIRE   PEDIGREES. 


CAERNARVONSHIRE.      THE   GADLUS,  IN   LLYS 
LLOWARCH   &  LLANWNDA. 

William  ap  David  ap  Evan  ap  Griffith  ap  Hwlkya  ap  Bleihyn  ap 
Evan  ap  Cynvrig  ap  Cwdwgan  ap  Llowarch  Yaaghan  ap  Llowarch 
Goch  ap  Llowarch  Holburch,  one  of  the  15  Tribes. 

WiHiara's  mother  was  Annes,  vrch.  Howel  ap  Rob't  ap  Gwilim  ap 
Thomas  ap  Recs  ap  Bdny  ved  Vaughan,  of  Anglesey,  Esqr. 

Dayid  ap  Evan*s  mother  was  Elin,  vrch.  Evan  ap  Meredith 
Vaughan. 

Anne's  mother  was  Joned,  vrch.  Griffith  ap  David  ap  Evan  ap 
Meredith  ap  Gronw  ap  Evan  ap  Llowarch  ap  David  Goch  ap  David 
ap  Griffith  ap  Llewelyn  ap  lerwerth  Drwyndwn. 


DYFNANT,  IN   DEITHWR.^ 

William  Penrhyn^  ap  W'm  Penrhyn  Esqr.  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Hum- 
phrey Penrhyn  ap  Griffith  Penrhyn  ap  Griffith  Denthwr  ap  Owen  ap 
Meyrick  ap  Pasgen  ap  Gwyn  ap  Griffith  ap  Beli. 

W'm  Penrliyn's  mother  was  Ales,  vrch.  Rich'd  Salwe,  Esqr.* 

William  Penrhyn  the  Elder's  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  David  ap 
Owen  ap  Llewelyn.* 

Humphrey  Penrhyn's  mother  was  An  nest,  vrch.  Meredith  ap 
William.6 


P.  280  TRE-DDERWEN. 

John  Vaughan,  Coroner,  ap  Rich'd  Vaughan  ap  Tho.  ap  Llew- 
elyn ap  Reynold  ap  John  Vaug^han  ap  John  David  ap  Meredith 
ap  Evan  ap  Griffri  ap  Gwyn  ap  Griffith  ap  Beli,  Lord  of  Cegidva  or 
Gilsfield. 

John's  mother  was  Jane,  vrch.  Captain  John  ap  Edward  ap  Robert, 
of  LlannwUyn. 

Richard  Vaughan's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Griffith  ap  John  ap 
John  ap  Gwallter :  her  mother  was  Evan  ap  Bedo's  Daughter :  her 

^  See  a  PediKree,  of  another  branch  of  this  family,  at  pafre  ^. 

'  He  married  Alice,  danflrhter  and  sole  heiress  of  Eran  ap  Humphry,  of  Uandrinio. 

'  Son  of  Hamphrey  Salv^ey  of  Stanford,  Woroestershire.  Richard  Salwey  was 
Sheriff  for  Montgomeryshire  in  1569.  His  wife  was  Anne,  daughter  of  Koger 
Vaughan  of  Hergest,  Esq. 

^  DaTid  ap  Owen  ap  Llewelyn  ap  Gmffydd  ap  Ali,  of  Mochnant. 

»  Meredydd  ap  William  ap  Gmffydd,  of  Swyney,  lineally  descended  from  Idoerih 
Benfras,  of  Maesbrook,  ab  Uchdryd  ab  £dwyn  Tegengl  ap  Gronwy  ab  Owen  ap 
Howel  Dda. 


MONTOOMEBYSHIBE   P£DiaBE£S.  27 

mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Llewelyn  ap  Llewelyn  Lloyd  ap  Griffith 
Yaaghan,  of  Collvryn. 

Thomas  ap  Llewelyn's  mother  was  Ales,  vrch.  Maurice,  ap  Llelo : 
her  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  Owen  ap  Griffith  Vaughan  of 
Collvryn. 

John  Reynold's  mother  was  as  above  stated  Jane,  vrch.  Capt'n 
Pryce;  and  her  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  William  David  Lloyd  ap 
Evan  Vanghan:  and  her  mother  was  EHn,  vrch.  Howell  ap  D'd 
Meyrick  Vaughan,  of  Nanne. 


LLANVBCHAIN    IS   COED. 

David  Lloyd  ap  David  ap  John  ap  Evan  ap  Jenkin  hir  ap  Llew- 
elyn ap  Einion  ap  Cylynin.  He  maried  Joan,  vrch.  Griffith  ap 
David  ap  John  Evan  Vaughan  ap  Howell ;  and  his  Children  by  her 
were  Robert,  Rich'd,  Hugh,  John,  Griffith,  Catherin,  who  maried 
Lewis  Cadwald'r  ap  Ll'n  ap  Howell  of  Meivod  ;  Gwyril,  who  maried 
Rob't  ap  David  Goch  ap  Maurice  Ceri ;  Ales,  who  maried  David  ap 
•Edward  ap  Evan  ap  David,  of  Llanerch  Enirys  Gawr,  in  Llan  S't 
ffraid  parish  ;  Margery ;  and  Catherin  ye  younger. 

David  Lloyd  maried  afterwards  to  Elizabeth,  vrch.  Thom.  ap 
Meredith,  of  Knockin,  and  had  one  Daughter  called  Ann  by  her. 

Joan's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Roger  ap  Philhp  ap  Morgan  of 
Gwent. 

David  Lloyd's  mother  was  Annes,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  David,  of 
Bylche,  ap  Griffith  ap  Evan  ap  Meredith  ap  Cadwgan  Wenwys. 

David  ap  John  ap  Jenkin's  mother  was  Elen,  vrch.  ...,  of  Kery. 

Tho.  ap  David's  mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  Cadwaladr  ap  Owen 
ap  Adda  (or  Adam)  ap  Meyrick  ap  Pasgen. 

Catherin's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  David  ap  Rees  ap  Ll'n  ap 
Evan  Vaughan. 

David  ap  Griffith's  mother  was  Margaret,  vrch.  Rich'd  Ffairford. 


LLAN    St.  FFRAID,  IN    DEUTHWR. 

Howell  ap  Edward  ap  David  ap  Evan  Lloyd  ab  lolyn  ap  Madock 
Vaughan  Evan  ap  lerwerth  Voel.  Howell  ap  Edward  majried  Ann, 
vrch.  Jeffrey  Tanad*  ap  Evan  Lloyd  Vaughan,  of  Aber  Tanad :  his 
Children  were  Edward,  JeflFrey,  Ales,  Gwen,  Joned,  and  Jane. 
Their  mother  was  Mawd,  vrch.  Griffith  ap  David  ap  Owen  ap  David 
Lloyd  ap  Meredith. 

John  ap  Edward  maried  Elizabeth,  vrch.  and  heires  to  Evan  ap 
Ll'n  Gt)ch,  of  Llandrinio,  and  theii*  Children  were  Rob't;  and 
Reynold. 

1  Called  also  Jeffrey  Kyffiu. 


28  MONTaOMEBTSHIRK  PBDIOBESS. 

S'r  John*  and  S'r  Evan  (Clerks ;)  Mredd.  who  marled  GatheriD, 
verch  Rob't  ap  Rces  ap  Evan  ap  LFn  Vau*n. 

D*d  ap  Edw'd  maried  Mary,  vrch.  Evan  ap  John  ap  Rees. 

Nicholas  Edwards;  Jane,  vrch.  Edward,  who  maried  David  ap 
John  Wyne  ap  John  ap  Evan  Yaughan,  and  Ann.  Their  mother 
was  Elizabeth,  vrch.  David  ap  Joha  ap  Jenkin  ap  Ll'n  ap  Einion  ap 
Keljnin  :  her  mother  was  Ann,  vrch.  Thomas  ab  David  ap  Hugh  ap 
John. 

Edw'd  David's  mother  was  Mawd,  vrch.  Griffith  ap  Madock,  of 
CoUvryn. 

William  ap  David  ap  Evan  ap  Evan  ap  Deio  ap  Evan  bach, 
maried  Catherin,  vrch.  Evan,  of  Welchpool.  Their  Child  was  Susan, 
who  maried  John  Bedo  Jenkin. 

Howell  ap  David  maried  Ales,  vrch.  John  Wjn  Tanad. 


LLAN    VECHAIN   IS    COED. 

S'r  Thomas  ap  Howell  ap  Rees  ap  Fifion  ap  John  Palkws  ap  John 
Palkws  of  Harlech,^  Alderman. 

Thomas's  mother  was  Gwenllian,  vrch.  Rob't  ap  David  ap  Ll'n  of 
Penmachno. 

Gwenllian's  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  John  Hodson,  of  Chirk. 

Howell  ap  Kees's  mother  was  Arddyn,  vrch.  Meredith  ap  Gwilim 
ap  Reynold. 

Sir  Thomas  ap  Howell  maried  Cicily,  vrch.  John  Briggs,  qf  Essex. 
^Edw'd  maried  Marg't,  vrch.  Sampson  Moses,  Master  of  Arts ; 
^ Aaron  ;  and  Isaac.  The  Daughters  were  Elizabeth,  who  maried 
John  ap  Rees  ap  Evan  ap  Ll'n  Vaughan,  Vicar  of  Kery;  Rachael, 
who  maried  Maurice  ap  Edward  ap  Rees,  of  Llanwchlyn ;  Sarah, 
who  maried  David  ap  Evan  Goch  ap  David  ap  Bedo  ap  Einion,  of 
Kery. 

Catherin,  vrch.  Howell  ap  Rees,  maried  William  ap  Rees  ap  Evan 
ap  David,  of  Dolgelley;  and  their  Children  were  John,  Griffith, 
Rees,  and  Evan. 

Thomas  Powell  was  rector  of  Llanvechain  in  the  Year  of  our  Lord 
God  1580. 

^  Sir  John,  Sir  Evan,  and  Meredydd  wer«  sons  of  Edward  ap  David. 
-  See  Vol.  II  of  the  Welsh  MSS.  Society  edition  of  Lewys  Dwnn's  VisitoUiona  of 
Waleti  for  seviral  particnlars  ret-pocting  the  Palgns  family. 


irONTOOMEBTSHIBE    PEDI0BEE6.  29 


LLAN  T  MYNACH'S  PARISH,  IN   SHROPSHIRE. 

TY   Y   CBRIG,  OR   STONE    HOUSE. 

RoQER  PuQH  ap  Thomas  ap  Hagh  ap  Evan  ap  Meredith  ap  Griffith 
Meredith  ap  Griffith  ap  Ednyved  Yanghan,  and  bo  to  Trevor. 

Roger  Pugh  marled  first  to  Margaret,  vrch.  Rob*t  Wyn  Brynkyr,* 
her  mother  was  Ann,  vrch.  Maurice  ap  Elisse,  of  Cleneney,^  and 
their  Children  are  Thomas  and  John. 

Roger  Pugh's  second  wife  was  Mary,  vrch.  John  Plump,  Esqr. 
her  mother's  name  was  Mary  Dnport. 

Roger  Pugh's  mother  was  Elizabeth,  vrch.  Roger  Kynaston,  of 
Morton ;  and  her  mother  was  Gwen,  vrch.  Meredith  ap  Rees  David 
Lloyd,  of  Gogerthan.     Roger  Kynaston's  mother  was  Elizabeth,  P.  281 
vrch.  Meredith  ap  Howell  Maurice,  o  Glasgoed. 

Hugh  ap  Evan  ap  Meredith's  Children  were  Thomas ;  William  ; 
Humphrey;  Roger;  Mawd,  who  marled  David  ap  Maurice  ap 
Evan,  of  Burgedin,  in  Cfgidva  (or  Guilsfield) ;  and  Catherin,  who 
maried  David  Lloyd  ap  Rich'd,  of  Llandisilio.  Their  mother  was 
Ann,  vrch.  David  Hanmer  ap  Rich'd  Hanmer  ap  SV  Thomas  Han- 
mer. 

Evan  ap  Meredith's  Children  were  Hugh  and  David. 


1590.  THE    RUSTOCK. 

^WiLLUH  Jones,  Son  and  heir  to  John  David  Jenkin,  of  Jessur 
[Cheshire]  Esqr.,  maried  Jane,  vrch  Rob't  Trystan,  of  Condover, 
and  their  Children  were  Edward,  Rob't,  and  George.     He  maried 

again    to    Catherin,   vrch George,  of  Welchpoole,   and  their 

Children  were  Humphrey,  Rich'd,  Jane,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth. 

^Thomas  Jones,  brother  of  William,  maried  Eliz.  vrch.  Harry 
Speg,  of  Westbury,  and  he  had  a  Daughter  call'd  Catherin :  ^David 
Jones:  ^Robert  Jones:  ^Elnor,  maried  John  Dudlig  ap  Phillip 
Dudlick :  ^Jane,  maried  William  Mason,  of  Bronton. 

David  Jones,  one  of  the  guard,  and  Rob't  Jones,  warior,  mort 
sans  Issue. 

William  Jones  was  a  Serjeant  under  Capt.  Hary  Comis,  in 
France,  in  Henry  the  8th  time.     The  mother  of  William  Jones 

1  Robert  Wjrnn  of  Brynkir,  or  Bryn  y  Ceirw,  in  the  pariah  of  Llanvihangel  y  Pen- 
nant, in  CamarronBhire*  He  was  the  first  of  his  family  that  adopted  the  surname 
of  Brynkir. 

^  Morris  ap  filisau  ap  Morris  of  Celynenan,  in  Camarronshire,  died  in  1575 ;  and 
his  daughter,  Ann,  wife  of  Eobcrt  Wynn  Brynkir,  died  in  1623. 


30  M0NT00MEBY8HIBB   FEDIQREES. 

and   his   brothers  and  sisters  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Jno.  Barchas,  of 
WestbniT. 

John  David's  mother  was  Margery,  vrch.  Evan    ap  David   ap 
Howell,  of  Cyfronyth,  ap  Meyrick  kwch,  of  Castle  Caer  Einion. 


LLAN    MLODWAL:     LLANVIHANGEL 
YMLODWAL  : 
1602.  blodwal's  township  by  the  village. 

John  ap  Griffith  ap  David  ap  John  ap  Gntyn  ap  Jenkin  ap  John 
ap  Guto  ap  Evan  ap  Evan  Gronwy  Dda,  Brother  to  Ll'n  Dda,  of 
Abertanad. 

Robert  ap  Griffith  maried...,  vrch.  Rees  ap  Edward,  of  Llansilin. 

Marg't,  vrch.  Griffith,  maried  John  Thomas  ap  John  Tanad. 

Their  mother  was  Lowry,  vrch.  and  heiress  of  Reynold  David 
Lloyd  ap  Rob't  ap  Meredith  Lloyd  ap  Griffri  ap  Bleddyn  Lloyd,  and 
so  to  Lloyds  of  Llwyn  y  Maen,  in  Shropshire.  Her  mother  was 
Catherin,  vrch.  John  ap  Evan  ap  Rees  ap  Evan  ap  Griffith  ap 
Madock  ap  lerwerth  ap  Ririd  Flaidd,  Lord  of  Penllyn.^ 

Her  mother  was  Gwenhwyvar,  Co-heir  of  Gronwy  ap  Tndur  ap 
Gronwy  ap  Howell  y  Gadair,  and  so  to  Ririd  Flaidd.  John  ap  Evan's 
mother  was  Mary,  vrch.  David  ap  Griffith  ap  Gwrgeney. 

Reynold  ap  David  Lloyd's  mother  was  ... 

The  Child  of  Griffith  ap  David  per  the  2nd  wife  was  Mawd  :  her 
mother  was  Catherin,  vrch.  Edward  of  Blodwal. 

The  Children  of  David  ap  John  were  John  ap  David,  Griffith  ap 
David,  Thomas,  Marg't,  who  maried  Thomas  Owen  ap  John,  of 
Llyngclys,  and  Catherin  maried  Richard  ap  Thomas  ap  Griffith  ap 
Deio  of  Llyngclys.  The  mother  of  these  was  Lowry,  Daughter 
and  heiress  to  John  Lloyd  ap  Evan  Lloyd,  of  Aber  Tanad,  Esqr. 

John  ap  Griffith's  wife  was  Ann,  vrch.  David  Meredith  ap 
Griffith  ap  Jenkin  Pen,  of  Pentre  Sianyd,  and  Lord  of  Brynn. 
Her  mother  was  Marg't,  vrch.  Meredith  ap  Adda,  of  Whittington. 
Their  son  David  ap  John  miaried  Ann,  vrch.  David'  ap  David,  of 
Welch  Poole,  1602. 

^  Bind  Flaidd  was  a  obieftain  of  Penllyn,  who  lired  aboat  the  middle  of  the  thir- 
teenth centiirj.    He  was  a  son  of  Gwrgenen  ap  Oollwyn. 


MONTGOMERYSHIRE    PEDIGREES. 


31 


BEETTON,  HA  WARDEN,  FLINTSHIRE.^ 


BicVd  ap  Howell  ap  Howell=ysCatherin,  v'rcli.  Thomas        Sir  Tho*  Sale8-=F 

bury.* 


ap  Evan  Yaughan^^  Eaqr.        Salisbury,  Sen'r  Esqr.' 


Elen,  vrch.  Iticli'd=f=Q-eorge  Bayenscroft,  Esqr.^  Sir  Boger  SaleBbury.=r= 


Thomas  Ravenscroft,  Esq.* 


George  Bavenscroft,  E8q7=T= 


Sir  John  Salesbury. 


T 


T 


I 

Sir  John  Hanmer,  Et.^"  Jane,  1637. 


Thomas  Bavenscroft,  High  Sheriff,  1607.» 


THE   RUSTOCK,  THE    BRODWAT. 

The  children  of  David  ap  Owen  ap  Morns  ap  GriflSth  ap  Hopkjn 
ap  Rob't  Vaugban  ap  Rbees  ap  Meredith  ap  Howell  ap  David  ap 
Trahaim  ap  lerwerth  ap  Cjnvrig  ap  Gwyn,  and  so  to  Theodor,  or 
Tewdwr. 

John  ap  David  maried  Gwenllian,  vrch.  and  coheir  to  Maurice 
Q-ethin  ap  Howel  Gethin  ap  Griffith  ap  Howell  ap  Edward  of 
Brontjn ;  his  children  per  her  were  David,  who  maried  Elen,  vrch. 
Rich'd  ap  Maurice  ap  Griffith ;  Hugh ;  Howell ;  Joan ;  Florence,  who 


1  This  Headingwas  supplied  by  Sir  S.  B.  Merrick.   A  much  fuller  pedigree  of  tbe 
Barensorofts  of  Bretton  is  giren  in  the  Flintshire  Pedigrees, 
s  Of  Mostyn  Hall,  Flintshire. 
3  Thomas  Salnsbnry  Hdn  of  Lleweny,  near  Denbigh. 

*  Son  of  Thomas  Salnsbnry  Hdn.    He  died  in  Janaary  1505. 

'^  Son  of  Balph  Bayenscroft,  whose  father,  Harry  B&Tenscroft,  became  possessed 
of  the  Bretton  estate,  by  marriage  with  the  heiress  of  Balph  Holland. 

*  He  married  Catherine,  third  daughter  of  Bichard  Grosrenor,  ancestor  of  the 
present  Marquess  of  Westminster. 

^  George  Bavenscroft  married  Dorothy,  heiress  to  John  Davids. 

"  Of  Hanmer.  in  Flintshire.  He  was  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Hanmer,  Bnight,  who 
was  knighted  at  Musselborough  field,  in  1464. 

^  He  was  High  Sheriff  for  Flintshire  in  1607.  His  wife  was  Catherine,  daughter 
of  Boger  Brereton. 


32  HONTOOHBBYSBIBE   PEDIGREES. 

maried  Maurice  ap  Bob't  ap  Evan  ap  Bees  ap  LI'd,  ap  Owen  of 
Kery,  and  their  children  were  Lewis,  David,  Florence,  Ma^g't,  Gath- 
erin,  and  Jane. 

'Hugh  ap  David  ap  Owen  maried  Elizabeth,  vrch.  John  Wright, 
of  Minton,  and  their  children  were  Joan  and  Elen,  coheirs. 

*John  ap  David,  jun'r,  maried  Mary  Davies,  vrch.  Hugh  Davies, 
of  RewsontoD,  and  their  children  were  David,  Thomas,  and  Bees. 

^Pierce  David  ap  Owen  maried  Marg't,  vrch.  Thomas  ap  Jno.,  of 
Llandinam. 

David  ap  Oweu's  daughters  were  ^Marg't,  vrch.  David,  who 
P.  282  maried  John  Hunt,  and  had  one  daughter  called  Gwen ;  *Blen,  vrch. 
David,  who  maried  William  of  Whom  ap  Thomas  Whom,  and  their 
Children  were  John  Whom,  Andrew,  and  Ales,  and  she  maried 
afterwards  Thomas  Colins ;  'Ann,  vrch.  David,  maried  John  Foi-d 
ap  Bowland  Ford,  and  their  children  were  Thomas  Ford,  Edw'd 
Ford,  Susan,  Joan,  and  Gatherin ;  ^Jane,  vrch.  David  maried  David 
ap  Lewis  ap  Howell  Goch,  of  Hewsonton,  and  their  children  were 
Bees  and  Anne;  ^Gwenllian,  vrch.  David,  maried  Bich*d  Haries  ap 
Edward  Haryes,  and  they  had  children  John  and  William. 

The  mother  of  these  was  Joes,  vrch.  Howell  ap  Evan  Lloyd  ap 
Evan  Gethin. 


THE  ABWTSTLY. 

SOME   or   THE   GENTLEMEN  TT.  ARE  DESCENDANTS  FROM  OWEN  YOEL, 

ESQR. 

Griffith  Lloyd  ap  David  Lloyd  ap  David  ap  Howell  Ddu  ap 
Griffith  ap  Philip  ap  Owen  Yoel  ap  lerwerth  ap  Gwrgeneu  ap 
Uchdryd  ap  Aleth,  King  of  Dyved.     This  is  Celynin's  Pedigree.* 

Griffith  Lloyd's  mother  was  Goleubryd,  vrch.  David  Lloyd  ap 
Howel  Goch,  to  Aleth. 

David  Lloyd's  mother  was  Eva,  vrch.  Llewelyn  ap  Evan  fwya  ap 
Llewelyn  ap  Tudur  ap  Gronwy  ap  Enion  ap  Seisyllt,  of  Mathavarn.^ 
David's  mother  was  Annest,  vrch.  Evan  Yscolhaig  ap  Griffith  Ddu 
ap  Griffith  ap  Meredith  ap  Einion  ap  Kynvelyn  ap  Dolphyn. 

The  matches  are  to  be  had  more  fully  in  Morgan  Glynn,  Esqr.'s 
Pedigree.^ 

1  Celynin  of  Llwydiarth,  who  retreated  into  Montflromerjahire  after  faaTing  kiUed 
the  Mayor  of  Carmarthen,  was  descended  from  Cynddfilw  ap  lorwerth  ap  Gwrgeneu, 
and  not  from  his  brother  Owen  Yoel.    See  a  fntnre  page. 

3  See  the  pedigrees  of  the  Paghes  of  Mathanun,  at  a  fntnre  page. 

3  See  "  Qlyn  Clywedog",  at  a  fntnre  page.  ,  .