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COLLECTIONS

HISTORICAL & ARCH^OLOGICAL

RELATING TO

MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

ISSUED BY THE POWYS-LAND CLUB FOR THE USE OF ITS MEMBERS.

VOL. VI.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOB THE CLUB BT

THOMAS EICHARDS, 37, GREAT QUEEN STREET.
1873.

MAR 221976 ^

740

Y'6

"A Ruddy Lion ramping in Gold."

The Seal of Sir Edward de Cherleton, Lord op Powvs, appended to a charter dated 6th
July, 7 Henry V (1418), is adopted as the Seal of the ^oijgS«l.antl (Jlub. This remarkable
Seal is not quite perfect, the edge having splintered away, and 'the figure in the place of the crest
having lost its head, which the engraver has supplied. It appears to have been a round seal, sur-
rounded" by an inscription, probably " Si^iHum Edwardi de Cherleton Domini Powisie", of which
only the " g" in the word Sigillum, and " wi" in the word Powisie now remain. The shield in
the centre is charged with the red lion of Powys— a lion rampant — and is probably held up by
another lion rampant standing on his hind legs behind the shield, which is clasped by his fore
paws. The side supporters, or rather ornamental figures (for it is said that supporters, in the
present heraldic sense of the word, were unknown at that period), are wild men sitting astride of
lions eouohant. -Mont. Coll., vol. vi, p. 293. j

MONTGOMERYSHIRE COLLECTIONS.

CONTENTS of VOL. VI.

PAGE

Original Proposal for formation of Club, Rules, and amended xi

Rules, and List of Members -

Report of Sixth Annual Meeting - - - - xx
Letter from the Rev. Charles Boutell, M.A., to the Secretary, on

*' The Arms of Wales" - - - . xxxii

Shield of Arms suggested for Wales - - r xxxvii
List of further Presentations to the Powys-land Museum, exhibited

at the Meeting - - - - - xxxix

Alphabetical List of Donors to the Powys-land Museum - 1

Obituary of Members of the Powys-land Club - - lii

History of the Parish of Garthbeibio. By the Rev. Griffth Ed-
wards, M.A., Rector of Llangadfan —

Section I. Description of Parish, etc. - - - 1

„ II. Archaeology - - - - 12

,, m. Ecclesiastical Establishment - - - 17

,, IV. Population, etc. - - - - 24

Shield of Arms in the East Window of Buttington Church. By Mor-
ris Charles Jones, F.S.A. - - - - 29

Genealogical Table of Sutton, Baron Dudley - - 34
Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire. By the Rev. W. V. Lloyd, M.A.,
F.R.G.S.—

Lewis Gwynn, 1610 - - - - - 35

Rowland Owen, 1611 - - - - 37

Confirmation of Arms and Grant of Crest to Edward Owen 39

Morris Owen, 1612 - - - - - 41

Sir William Herbert, 1613 - - - - 43

Edward Price, of Glanmeheli, 1614 - - - 45

Edward Price, of Newtown, 1615 - - - 49

Richard Lloyd, of Marrington, 1616 - - - 61

Appendix . . . - _ 139

On some Human Bones found at Buttington. By W. Boyd Dawkins,

F.R.S. - - - - - - 141

Note on supposed Stone Hatchet found at Llangadfan - - 145

6 2

PAGE

Portraits connected with Montgomeryshire—

At Powis Castle, Walcot, Oakley Park, Styche, Blymhill
Rectory, Miss Griffithes's House, Welshpool, Brogynton,
and Peniarth - " ' " ' ^'^^

A Parochial Account of Llanidloes (continued). By Edw. Hamer—

Chapter IV. Archaeological - - - - 155

„ V. Ecclesiastical - - - ' - 160

Note on Church, by Mr. Martin Underwood - 177

Herbertiana. By W.W.E.W., G.S., and M.C.J. - - 197

Herbert of Dolguog ----- 198

Richard Herbert, Esq. - - - - 202

Francis Herbert, Esq. . - . . 204

On Monumental Effigies in Montgomery Church - - 207

Circular Flint Knife found at Trefeglwys - - - 215

Mould for casting Tokens found at Mathraval - - - 217

Welsh Poetry, illustrative of the History of Llangurig. By H. W.

Lloyd - - - - - - 224

Archaic Words, Phrases, etc., of Montgomeryshire, No. iv. By Rev.

Elias Owen, B.A, - - - - - 243

Miscellanea Historica, or Public Officers of Montgomeryshire. By
Rev. W. V. Lloyd, M.A., from 4 James I (1606) to 14 Charles
1(1638) - - - - - - 249

Cridia Abbey. By M. C. J. - - - - 313

Uanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant, its Parochial History and Antiquities.
By T. W. Hancock (continued) —

Chapter VII. Folk-lore, Miscellaneous, etc. - - 319

Appendix - - - _ 331

Portraits connected with Montgomeryshire (continued) —

At Brogynton, Glansevern, Garth, Vaynor Park, Llandinam
Hall, Grange Erin (Douglas, Cork), Cefn (St. Asaph), Fron
Virniew (Llansantffraid), Penmaen Dovey, Garthmyl, and
Dolfor - - - - - - 341

Abbey of Ystrad Marchell. By Morris C. Jones, F.S.A. (cow-*

eluded) — - - - - - - 347

Including — Note on Charter of Elisse, etc. By H. W. Lloyd ib.
Appendix, Ministers' Accounts, from 27 Henry VIII to 4 and

5 Philip and Mary - - - _ 366

Note on Abbot David ap Owen, Bishop of St. Asaph (D. R. T.) 382

„ Monachi de Mochraiadr - - . 334

„ Remains lately discovered of the Abbey Church - 386

Historic Spots. No. Ill ; Dolforwyn. G. S. - - - 387

History of the Parish of Llanwddyn. By Rev. Thomas Henry

Evans, the Vicar —

I. Physical Features and Description - - - 391

II. Population - - - . _ 404

Processional Cross, found in Guilsfield Churchyard - - 407

Herbertiana. By M. C. J., and G. S.- - - - 409

Richard Herbert, Esq. _ - - > n^

Magdalene, his wife - - - - - 410

Edward, First Lord Herbert of Chirbury - - 415

Roman Mortarium found at Dyer's Farm, Pool Quay - - 431

Articles found'on the site of Pool Quay New Vicarage - - 433

Antique Ring found at Bettws _ - _ _ 434

Montgomery Eflfigies. Notes by Rev. C. Boutell, and others - 435

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Shield of Arms suggested for Wales - - -

Garthbeibio Church, before and after Restoration
Armorial Shield in Buttington Church - > ,

Marrington Hall ------

Lloyd Arms -__-_.

Lloyd Seal and Monument - - - - -

Lloyd Book Plate ------

Llanidloes — Pen y clun Camp - - - _

„ Token

,, Church. 1. Interior View - - .

„ ,, 2. Ground Plan - - -

„ „ 3. Exterior View- - - -

„ „ 4. Arcading, East Bay

„ „ 5. Details of Piers and Arches

„ ,, 6. Respond and Caps

7. Roof . . - .

,, „ 8. Font and Shields

Circular Flint Knife (Trefeglwys) - - - -

Mould for Tokens (Mathraval) - . - -

Ancient Sideboard at Glanhafon . - - -

Seal of Sir Edward de Cherleton . - _

Effigy in St. Asaph Cathedral attributed to Bishop David

ap Owen, previously Abbot of Ystrad Marchell
Processional Cross, found at Guilsfield Churchyard
Monument to Richard Herbert, Esq., in Montgomery

Church (presented by the Earl of Powis, the President)
Roman Lithic Mortarium - - - - -

Hair-curling Instrument - - - - -

Antique Ring found at Bettws - - . -

Two Effigies in Montgomery Church. No. 1 and No. 2 -

XXXVll

face

122

140

157

160

162

215

217

»>

324

353

860

407

409

431

ih.

435

CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.

Original Proposal for formation of the Club, the Circulars, and List of Members.

Report of the First Annual Meeting of the Club.

The Princes of Upper Powys, Chaps. I to IV. By the Hon. and Eev. G. T.

O. Bbidgeman, M.A., and Illustrative Documents.
Ancient Lords of Mechain. By the Hon. and Eev. G. T. O. Bbidgeman,

M.A., and Illustrative Documents.
Ancient Arwystli ; its Earthworks and other Ancient Eemains. By Edward

Hameb.
The Welsh Lords of Kerry and Arwystli. By the Hon. and Eev. G. T. O.

Bbidgeman, M.A.
Arwystli— Inquisitions. By the Eev. D. E. Thomas, M.A.
The Feudal Barons of Powys. By Moebis Chables Jones, i. Cherleton,

Lords of Powys — Appendix of Documents; ii. Grey, Lords of Powys;

III. The Lords Tiptoft and Powys ; iv. The Abeyant Barony of Powys.
Eelics of Dinas Mawddwy. By the Hon. and Eev. G. T. O. Bbidgeman, M.A,
Disquisitions on the Etymon of the word " Powys" or " Powis." i. Extract

from Owen and Blakeway's History of Shrewsbury ; ii. By the Eev. Eobebt

Williams, M.A,; iii. By the Eev. D. Silvan Evans, B.D. ; iv. By the

Eev. E. Habbies Jones, M. A.; v. By Craufubd Tait Eamage, Esq., LL.D.
Powys-land in the time of Prince Cynddylan {to he continued). By the Eev.

E. Habbies Jones, M.A.
Miscellanea.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

Original Proposal for formation of the Club ; Eules, Amended Eules, and

List of Members.
Eeport of Second Annual Meeting.
Powys-land in the time of Prince Cynddylan {concluded from vol. i, p. 472).

By the Eev. E. Habbies Jones, M.A.
Ancient Arwystli, Part ii. By Edwabd Hameb.
Opening of Twr Gwyn Mawr; Caersws ; Excavations at Caersws ; Appendix

—Bond relating to Premises in Borough of Caersws —Chronicle of Oliver

TVTn.ff.Vio-nra

The Territorial Divisions of Montgomeryshire. Compiled by Mobbis Chables
Jones, i. Ancient Civil Divisions ; ii. Ancient Ecclesiastical Divisions ;
1. Classification of the Churches, and the Parishes attached thereto, with
respect to their probable antiquity— ii. Pope Nicholas's Taxation, circa
1291— m. Valor Ecclesiasticus, tempore Henry VIII; iii. Manorial Divisions.

Montgomeryshire, when and how constituted Shire-ground. Bv Thomas
Owen Mobgan.

The Territorial Divisions {continued)— iy. Modern Civil Divisions, a.d. 1592 ;
V. ihe present Hundredal, Parochial, and Villenarian Divisions, showing
^e Basis or Standard for the Assessment to the County Eate.

^ Jowysian at Agincourt. By the Eev. William V. Lloyd, M.A., F.E.G.S.
bir (iriflith Vaughan.

^Newtown "" ^ "^^P^^^P^^^*^^ ""^ Montgomeryshire. By Eichabd Williams,

^^^^L ""^ ^o^^o^eryshire. Catalogue of the Sheriffs, authenticated by
reference to, and illustrated by extracts from, the public records. By the
Kev. William V. Lloyd, M.A., PEGS

e^enSwf f^^^F'^^'^i^^'?' ^^*^ *^"^^ ^^^^^^^1 bearings, and notices,

wnose Members have served the office of Sheriff. 1541 Humohrev Llovd
A Parochial Account of Llangurig. By Edwabd Hameb. i pTyslLl K

Vll

turea and Description; ii. Archseological j m. Ecclesiastical j iv. The
Lords of Llangurig and the Clochfaen Family ; v. The Plas Madog Family.

Some Account of Llanllugan Nunnery. By Morris Charles Jones.

A List of the Members of Parliament for the County and Contributory
Boroughs of Montgomery, up to the end of the Eighteenth Century.
Compiled by Edward Eowley Morris.

History of the Parish of Llangadfan. By the Eev. Griffith Edwards, M.A.,
Eector. i. Description of the Parish and its Physical Features ; ii. Popu-
lation ; III. Archaeological and Antiquarian Eemains ; iv. Ecclesiastical
Establishment ; v. Biographical Notices — Nonconformity, Education.

List of Justices of the Peace, etc., for Montgomeryshire, at different periods
during the seventeenth century.

Materials for a Topographicon of Montgomeryshire. By Eichard Williams.

Assessment of Ship-money on Montgomeryshire, a.d. 1637.

Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire, Notices (continued) : — 1 542, Sir Eobert Acton,
Knight; 1543. Lewis Jones; 1544. Griffith ap David ap John ; 1545. Lewis
Jones ; 1546. Eeginald Williams ; Appendix. Genealogical Key-Chart of
the noble family of Herbert ; showing the Members, and connections by
marriage, who have served the office of Sheriff; 1547. William Herbert;
1548. Matthew Price. Genealogical Key-Chart of the families whose
Members have served the office of Sheriff, descended from Elystan Glod-
RUDD; 1549. Eobert Acton ; 1550. Sir Eobert Acton ; 1551. James Leech ;
1552. Edward Leighton (Knighted in 1591) -By S. L. ; 1553. Nicholas
Purcell.

Notes on the Geology of Powys-land. By W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A., F.E.S.

Appendix — The Barony of Powys— Eeview by John Gough Nichols, Esq.,
F.S.A.

list of plates.

Samian Ware found at Caersws. — Earthwork on Ehyd-yr-Onen Farm. —
Llangurig Church (exterior). — Ground Plan of Llangurig Church. — Details
of Eood Screen, Llangurig Church. — Llangurig Church (interior). — East
Window, etc., Llangurig Church. — Arms of J. Y, W Lloyd, Esq., of Cloch-
faen.— Camp at Maes Lymysten; and Ancient Earthworks at Cann Office,
— Antiquities found at Llangadfan. — Llangadfan Church (exterior). —
Various Shields. — Eight Shields of Arms of Sheriffs.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME III.

Original Proposal for formation of Club ; Eules ; Amended Bules ; and List
of Members.

Eeport of Third Annual Meeting.

List of Articles and Documents then exhibited.

Eesolution of Museum Committee appointing Sub-Committees, etc.

A History of the Parish of Kerry. By E. E. Morris, i. Name, Physical Fea-
tures, Description; ii. Population, Industrial Pursuits (to be continued).

The Devolution of the Manors of Montgomeryshire. By Morris C. Jones.
I and II. The Manors of Arwystli and Cyfeiliog, jointly — i. The Manor of
Arwystli, separately ; ii. The Manor of Cyfeiliog ; iii. The Manor of Tal-
erddig.

A History of the Parish of Llanfyllin. By the Eev. Eobert Williams,
Eector of the Parish, and Hon. Canon of St. Asaph, i. Description, Phy-
sical Features, etc.; ii. Archaeological; iii. Ecclesiastical; iv. Folklore.

Appendix (A). Inspeximus Charter of Elizabeth to Burgesses of Llanfyllin;
{B). Llanfyllin Independent Chapel ; (C). Borough of Llanfyllin.

Miscellanea Historica, or the Public Officers of Montgomeryshire, with brief
genealogical notes. By the Eev. W. V. Lloyd, M.A., F.E.G.S., from 1st
May, 1853-4, to 20th Elizabeth (to he continued).

Further Eemarks on the Elegy of Llywarch Hen. By T. Wright, M.A.,
F.S.A.

Llywarch Hen. Eeply by Eev. D. Silvan Evans to Strictures of Eev. R.
Harries Jones.

Vlll

The History of the Parish of Darowen. By Thomas Owen MoRaAN. i.

Its Name, Patron Saint, Parish Church, Village Schools, etc. ; ii. Eivers

and Physical Character; iii. Noddfa; iv. Cae'rseddfan.
A Letter endorsed " an unadvised lere from gentlemen of Mountgomery-

shire" (Peniarth MSS.)
On the Antiquities of Montgomeryshire. By H. Longueville Jones, M. A.
Some Account of the Eood-Screens and Timber Work of Powys-land. By

David Walker, Architect, Liverpool. No. 1. Newtown Eood Screen.
Materials for a " Topographicon of Montgomeryshire." By Eichard Wil-
liams, Newtown.
A Parochial Account of Llangurig. By Edward Hamer (continued), vi.

Genealogical ; vii. Biographical ; viii. Folk-lore ; ix. Miscellaneous j x.

Topographical Glossary of Names in the Parish— Additions and Corrections.
Historic Spots. No. 1. Bwlch-y-Pawl. By Thomas Newill.
Miscellanea Historica, or Public Officers of Montgomeryshire. By the Eev.

W. V. Lloyd, M.A., F.E.G.S., from 21 Elizabeth to 31 Elizabeth.
Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire (continued). Edited by Eev. W. V. Llotd and

Edward Hamer. 1554-5. Eichard Powell; 1556. Henry Acton; 1557.

Edward Herbert ; 1558. Lewis Jones; 1559. John Herbert ; 1560. Thomas

Williams; 1561. Eandolph Hanmer; 1562. John Price of Eglwysegle;

1563. Andrew Vavasour ; 1564. George Benyon ; 1565. Eees ap Morris ap
■ Owen— Appendix ; 1566. John Price ; J 567. Eichard Salwey — Appendix—

" Trumwms," " Musards,*' and " Washborns."
The Early Antiquities of the County of Montgomery. By the Eev. E. L.

Barnwell, MA. : — Coins, Penannular Eings, Gold Torque, Sepulchral

Urns, Ancient Mining Tools, Spearheads, Celts, Powis Castle Implements,

Unknown Bronze Articles, Bronze Boar.

LIST OF plates.

Gold Torque (presented by Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart.) Frontispiece to vol. iii. —
Tomen-yr- AUt. — Llanfyllin Token. — Llanfyllin Church. — Llanfyllin Church
(ground plan). — Darowen, New and Old Churches. — Eoodscreen at New-
town (photo-lithograph). — Y Cloch faen (stone bell), Llangurig.— Fac-
simile of Inscription on Eliseg's pillar, from E. Llwyd's Arch. Brit. — Bwlch-
y-Pawl. — Penannular Eings (Llanrhaiadr).— Cinerary Urn (Aberbechan ) .
— Eoman Mining Tools (Llanymynech).— Bronze Spearhead (Trefeglwys).
— Bronze Spearhead (Llanymynech).— Bronze Celt (Llanwnog). — Bronze
Powis Castle Implements, two plates, lent by the Earl of Powis (Guilsfield).
Bronze unknown article (Llanymynech). — Bronze Boar (Gaer Vawr.
Guilsfield).— Fifteen Heraldic Shields.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV.

Original Proposal for formation of Club, Eules, and amended Eules, and
List of Members.

Eeport of Fourth Annual Meeting.

Short Papers prepared for or read at the Meeting :— Norman Column and
Arch discovered in Meifod Church. By Eev. E. Wynne-Edwards, M A
the Vicar.— Notes during the Eestoration of Welshpool Church. By Eev'
J. E. Hill, M.A^, the Vicar.— On Tomen-yr Allt and Tomen CefnUawr.
By J. Graham Williams.

Listof Articles and Documents presented to the Powys-land Museum, and
exhibited at the Meeting. '

Alphabetical List of Donors to Powys-land Museum.

pjfnn^f ^f't'' ^ticles and Documents exhibited at the Annual Meeting.

Keport of Powys-land Museum Committee. ^

Su ^^^^ °^ Members of the Powys-land Club.
J^ONEs F S^A^'*'^^ ^^'"^^^ (^*"^^^ MarceUa). Part I. By Morris C.

Historic Spots. No.2.Mathraval. By Eev. koROEVNDFORD, k 1 '

Archaic Words, Phrases, etc., of Montgomeryshire. Part I. By Elias Owen.

Welsh Poetry, Illustrative of the History of Llangurig. Part 1. By H, W.
Lloyd.

History of the Parish of Llansantffraid-yn-Mechain. By Thomas Griffiths
Jones. Physical Features and Description; Population; Archaeological;
Ecclesiastical Establishment ; Folklore, Traditions, etc. ; Genealogical ;
Biographical ; Nonconformity ; Education ; the Present State of the Parish.

An Account of Henry Williams of Ysgafell. By his Descendant, Jane
Williams, Author of A History of Wales, etc.

Some Account of the Eood Screens and Timber Work of Powys-land. By
David Walker, Architect, Liverpool. No. 2. Llanwnog Eood Screen,

Materials for a Topographicon of Montgomeryshire (continued). By Eichard
Williams, Newtown.

Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant : Its Parochial History and Antiquities. By T. W.
Hancock. Topographical ; Population ; Archaeological (to he continued).

Miscellanea Historica ; or the Public Oflficers of Montgomeryshire. By Eev.
W. V. Lloyd, E.E.G.S. (continued), from 32 Eliz. to 4 James I.

The Abbey of Ystrad Marchell (Strata Marcella). Part II. By Morris C.
Jones, F.S.A.

Llyn y Dreiddiad Vrawd (The Pool of the Diving Friar).

Incidents connected with the EebelHon of Owen Glendower in Powys-land.
(M.C.J, and W.V.LI).

The Elvers of Montgomeryshire. By Eev. D. Silvan Evans, B.D.

Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire (continued). By Eev. W. V. Lloyd, F.E.G.S,
1568. Edward Herbert; 1569. William Herbert; 1570. Thomas Tanat—
Appendix (Broniarth Charter, Monumental Inscriptions) ; 1571. Eobert
Lloyd; 1572. Eobert Puleston; 1573. John Trevor; 1574. David Lloyd
Jenkin; 1575. John Herbert; 1576. Eichard Herbert ; 1577. David Lloyd
Blayney ; 1578. Arthur Price ; 1579. Eichard Morris ; 1580. Thomas
Juckes ; 1581. Griffith Lloyd.

Foreign Surnames in Montgomeryshire. By Eichard Williams.

A Parochial Account of Llanidloes. Chap. I. Topographical. By Edward
Hamer (to be continued).

Archaic Words, Phrases, etc., of Montgomeryshire. Part II. By Elias
Owen, B.A.

Owen Glendower's Parliament House (Note).

The Calculated Ages of Yew-Trees in Guilsfield Churchyard. By C. T.
Eamage, LL.D.

illustrations.

Font, Buttington Church, reputed to have been brought from Strata MarceUa
Abbey (Frontispiece). — Photo-lithograph of Charter of Wennunwen to
Strata MarceUa Abbey. — Llansantffraid — Hendomen and Plasyndinas ;
The Voel Camp; Exterior of Church; Ground Plan; Double Piscina and
Font. — Llanwnog Screen, east and west (2 plates); Details. — Newtown
Screen, Details. — Geological Section of Hirnant VaUey. — Section of Strata
at Cwmgwynen. — Maesmochnant Stone. — The Green Stone. — Plan and
Section of Tomen Cefnllawr. — Plan of Cerrig y Beddau. — Glanhafoit
Torques (2 engravings). — Owen Glendower's Parliament House. — Eleveii
Shields of Arms.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME V.

Original Proposal for formation of Club, Eules, and amended Eules, and

List of Members.
Eeport of Fifth Annual Meeting.
List of Further Presentations to the Powys-land Museum, exhibited at the

Meeting.
Alphabetical List of Donors to the Powys-land Museum.
List of other Articles and Documents exhibited at Annual Meeting.
Eeport of Powys-land Museum Committee.
Obituary of Members of the Powys-land Club.

A Paa'ochial Account of Llanidloes (continued), ii. Natural Productions;

III. Inhabitants and Industrial Pursuits ; iv. Archaeological.
Welsh Poetry, illustrative of the History of Llangurig. Part II. By

HowEL W. Lloyd.
Materials for a Topographicon of Montgomeryshire (concluded). By Richard

Williams.
Abbey of Ystrad Marchell (Strata Marcella). Part III. By Morris C.
Jones, F.S.A. Comprising — Remarks on Charter of Madog Hethgam.
By HowEL W. Lloyd; Remarks on Wennunwen's Charter of 1199 of
Roswidaul. By Edward Davies ; Remarks on Wennunwen's Charter of
1201. By J. Graham Williams ; Identification of Witnesses named in
Charters. By Rev. W. V. Lloyd, R.N.
Portraits connected with Montgomeryshire, at Wynnstay, Llangedwyn, and

Peniarth.
Herbertiana. By G. S., and M. C. J. Introduction; Lordship and Castle
of Powis ; The Early Descent of the Family of Herbert ; Notes on the
Armorial Insignia of the Noble Family of Herbert ; Sir Edward Herbert,
Knight, of Powis Castle ; Sir William Herbert, First Lord Powis ; Roger,
Earl of Castlemaine ; Sir Percy Herbert, Second Lord Powis ; William,
Third Lord Powis, and First Earl, Marquis, and Duke of Powis (to be
continued).
Archaic Words, Phrases, etc., of Montgomeryshire. Part III. By the Rev.

Elias Owen, B.A.
A slight Historical and Topographical Sketch of the Parish of Llanfechain.
An Itinerary of King Edward I in Powys land in 1294-5.
The Early Antiquities of the County of Montgomery. Remarks of Edward
Clibborn, Esq. On Llanymynech Uncertain Bronze Objects ; Powis Castle
Antiquities.
Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant : its Parochial History and Antiquities (continued
from vol. iv, p. 248). iv. Ecclesiastical; v. Nonconformity; vi. Bio-
graphical.
Herbertiana. By G. S., M. C. J., and H. W. LI. William, Third Lord
Powis, and First Earl, Marquis, and Duke of Powis (continued) ; Lady
Mary Herbert; Lady Winifred Herbert (afterwards Countess of Niths-
dale ) ; Lady Lucy Herbert ; WiUiam, Fourth Lord Powis, and Second
Earl, Marquis, and Duke of Powis ; William, Fifth Lord Powis, and Third
Earl, Marquis, and Duke of Powis.
Montgomeryshire Newspapers.

Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire. By Rev. W. V. Lloyd, M.A., F.R.G.S.
1582. Morgan Gwynn; 1583. John Owen Vaughan ; 1584. Richard Her^
bert; 1585. David Lloyd Blayney ; 1586. John Price; 1587. David Lloyd
Jenkin; 1588. Jenkin Lloyd; 1589. William Williams; 1590. Morgan
Meredith; 1591. Richard Price; 1592. Sir Edward Leighton ; 1593.
Thomas Lewis; 1594. Reginald Williams; 1595. Francis Newton; 1596.
WiUiam Williams ; 1597. Thomas Purcell ; 1598. Edward Hussey • 1599
Richard Leighton; 1600. Hugh Lloyd; 1601. Charles Lloyd ;' 1602.'
Thomas Juckes; 1603. Sir Richard Price, Knight; 1604. William Pen-
rhyn; 1605. Sir Edward Herbert, K.C.B. ; 1606. Jenkin Lloyd ; 1607. Sir
Richard Hussey ; 1608. Charles Herbert; 1609. Rowland Pugh.
illustrations.
View of Van Mines. Plate I.- Section of same. Plate II.— Plan of Land
??SPf4®^ -^ ^*^°^ Hethgam's Charter; in Wennunwen's Charter of
^J^J.(^s/idaul) ; m Wennunwen's Charter of 1201.— Monumental Tablet
ot bir Edward Herbert, Knight.— Arms of Roger, Earl of Castlemain.—
Jtfacsimile of the Signature of the Marchioness of Powis (1688).— Llan-
^chain Church previous to Restoration. -Llanfechain Church, Restored.
vtuf^''''\ I^lanfechain.-Y Domen Gastell, and Sections.- Brynderwen
Sb«;rri.'^''ry^T.^^^i-^^^ Bodynfol Hall.-Bodynfol Hall.-Bwlch y
Plan Ea«rF;;7^r''^.^'^^'^!^-^?''^''^''* ^^''^^^' South View; Ground
Savi;!^ Wf K^ E^evation-Winifred Countess of Nithsdale (Steel En-
Van^fn Sn!'^!,^''- ^^^tley^ Llwydiarth in 1684; Shield of Arms of
V aughan of Glanllyn.— Twenty-seven Shields of Arms of Sheriffs

Proposal for a Society or Cluh, to he called the " Powys-land
Club/' for the Collecting and Printing , for the use of its Mem-
hers, of the Historical, Ecclesiastical, Genealogical, Topographical,
and Literary Remains of Montgomeryshire.

It has occurred to more than one gentleman connected with
Montgomeryshire,, that it would be desirable to begin an his-
torical and archaeological collection for that county.

The county is rich in the remains of former ages, comprising,
as it does, nearly the whole of the ancient principality of Upper
Powys and other scenes of historic interest, and yet having
hitherto formed a portion of Wales which has not received its
due proportion of archa3ological illustration.

A county history is the great desideratum ; but considering
the varied qualifications required to meet in one person, to
enable him to write a good county history, who is equal to such
a herculean task ?

It is seldom that in one mind can be found " the profundity
of knowledge, the patient and laborious research, the skill in
generalisation, the talent for detail, the aptitude for so many
and so varied investigations, the taste, energy, and self-sacri-
ficing zeal which can carry such labour to a successful termina-
tion." The late Walter Davies was the only man that could
be named who would have been equal to the undertaking.

In the absence, however, of a county history, an historical
and archaeological collection for this county, specifically^ would
be both valuable and interesting.

It would be, in fact, to carry out, but in more detail with
reference to Montgomeryshire, the idea which was broached
with respect to all the counties of Wales, in the first number
of the Archceologia Gamhrensis, in the article — " On the Study
and Preservation of National Antiquities.'^

Following the model of other societies, it is proposed that
the collection should include —

1. A Monasticon, or a record of all monastic remains, whether
buildings, tombs, inscriptions, utensils, seals, etc. [This is already
in progress, but from the few religious houses in the county, will not
be extensive.]

2. An Ecclesiasticon, or a similar record of all that relates to
parochial churches and chapels, whether of the established church or
of any description, etc., and of all objects, such as tombs, crosses, etc.,
connected with them.

3. A Castellarmin, a similar record of castellated remains.

4. A MaTisionarium, a similar collection relating to all ancient
manor-houses, mansions, and houses of a certain degree of import-
ance, and to their connected remains.

5. A Villare and Parochiale, applying to all buildings and remains
of towns, villages, parishes, etc., including all public civil buildings,
etc.

6. A Chartulariunij including as complete an account as practic-
able of all ancient documents referring to the five preceding classes.
The manorial history of the county may be illustrated, and the public
record office and the muniment rooms of the magnates of the county
would form an almost inexhaustible source of information under this
division. It would be proposed to print the original documents in
extenso where thought of sufficient interest.

7. An Obituarium, containing notices of pedigrees of ancient families,
notices of celebrated characters, and collections of all that relates to
the public and private life of all classes who are or have been inhabit-
ants of the district.

8. An Ordinary of A rms, containing authentic copies of all existing
remains of mediaeval heraldry. — Drawings and copies of inscriptions,
etc., on church windows, monuments, etc.

9. The collecting and printing of MS. collections connected with
the district, or throwing any light on any of the families of the
county.

10. An Itinerarium. Notices, plans, and surveys, of all British,
Koman, and other ancient roads or ways, etc.

11. Traditions, customs, folk-lore, ballads, etc.

Various topographical and genealogical articles have ap-
peared in publications that are rare and difficult of access, and
it would be proposed to reprint such of these articles as may
be thought of sufficient interest and value, with such additions
as may be procurable ; for instance : — the topographical ac-
counts of the parishes of Meifod and Llanwnog, which appeared
in the Cambrian Quarterly Review , and the accounts of Garth-
beibio, Llangadfan and Llanerfyl, and of Llanymynech, that ap-
peared upwards of seventy years ago in the Cambrian Register,
and such like. They would form models for topographical
accounts of other parishes.

And it is wished to reprint several of the articles bearing
upon Montgomeryshire which have already appeared in the
Archceologia Cambrensis.

It is proposed to print the articles in parts, as they are
available, and not necessarily in any particular classified order ;
but when a sufficient number to form a volume is collected, to
make the information easily accessible by means of copious
Indices.

xni

It is also pi*oposed to make sucli arrangements witli tlie
Cambrian Archasological Association as may be found mutually
desirable and practicable. It is the wish of the promoters of
this scheme to form the closest connection with that well-tried
and excellent institution. The scheme may appear extensive,
but it will be carried out only so far as materials offer and
opportunity occurs.

This preliminary proposal was circulated in the first instance
in influential quarters, with the view of testing how far the
scheme met with approval^ and was likely to be supported.

The collection of two or three facts — in themselves^ and,
while separate, comparatively unimportant — will often be found
to throw light on each other, and will not unfrequently lead to
the clearing up of doubtful points, or the discovery of error.
In this light all may assist in the work proposed.

" If a collection could be made,^' said the late Dr. Stanley,
Bishop of Norwich, '^ of all the isolated and floating facts con-
nected with the various branches of topographical knowledge,
it is obvious that thus an invaluable body of information and
ample store of materials might be amassed, of the utmost im-
portance to the traveller, the antiquarian, the man of science,
and the naturalist." The custodian of almost every parochial
register may find in it much that is novel and valuable. Any
accurate observer who will transcribe all the monumental in-
scriptions in any church, chapel, or burial-place, would render
valuable service.

If it meet with support, it is intended to organise and carry
it on with the honorary assistance of such as consent to associate
themselves for the purpose ; the necessary funds for printing
and illustrating, transcribing public records, etc., being pro-
vided by the subscription of the members. But it is by no
means wished to restrict the Association to pecuniary sub-
scribers only. Contributors of archaeological information of all
the descriptions before indicated would be welcomed as mem-
bers with as much warmth as pecuniary subscribers.

MORRIS C. JONES, )

20, Abercromby Square, Liverpool. r Hon. Sees,
T. O. MORGAN, C pro tern,

Aberystwith. )
1st March, 1867.

The Club was constituted on the 1st October, 1867; when
Part I was issued to the members, and the following Rules
adopted : —

E U L E S.

I The Club shall consist of not more than one hundred Members.
li The Council shall consist of the following persons, in whom
the management of the Club shall be vested, that is to say, the
President, Vice-Presidents, the Secretaries, Treasurer, and twelve
other Members.

III. That the following gentlemen shall constitute the first Officers
and Council of the Club : —

President — The Earl or Powis.

Vice-Presidents— Ts^ Lord Sudelet; The Bishop of St. Asaph;

Sir Watkin Williams Wtnn, Baxt.

Council —

Eev. E. L. Barnwell, M.A.,

Melksham, Wilts.
Edmund Buckley, Esq., M.P.,

Plas Dinas.
J. Pryce Drew, Esq., M.A.,

Milford, Newtown.
Eev. John Edwards, M.A.,

Eectory, Newtown.
Ven. Archdeacon Ffoulkes, M.A.

Eectory, Llandyssil.
Abraham Howell, Esq.

Ehiewport, Welshpool.

David Howell, Esq.,

Dolguo^, Machynlleth.
Eev. D. Phillips Lewis, M.A.,

Vicarage, Guilsfield.
Hon. Chas. H anbury Tracy, M. P,,

Gregynog, Newtown.
Pryce Buckley Williames, Esq.,

Pennant, Welshpool.
Eev. Egbert Williams, M.A.,

Eectory, LlanfyUin.
C. W. Williams Wynn, Esq. M,P.,

Coed y Maen, Welshpool.

Hon. Treasurer — Thomas Bowen, Esq. (Messrs. Beck & Co.), Welshpool.

Hon. Secretaries— Morris G. Jones, Esq., 20, Abercromby Square, Liverpool

(and Gungrog, Welshpool) ; T. O. Morgan, Esq., Aberystwith

(and Lincoln's Inn).

IV. A General Meeting of the Members shall be held annually, on
the first day of the month of October, or on a day soon after, and at
such place as the Council shall appoint. And the President, or in his
absence one of the Vice-Presidents, shall have power to call Extraor-
dinary General Meetings, on giving, through the Secretaries, a fort-
night's notice to the Members.

V. The Council shall be elected at a General Meeting ; to continue
in office for three years, and be capable of re-election.

VI. The names of the Members proposed to be elected into the
Council shall be transmitted by the proposers to the Secretaries one
fortnight before the General Meetings ; and notice of the persons so
proposed shall be forwarded by the Secretaries to all the Members.

VII. At the General Meetings votes for the election of the Council
may be given either personally, or 6y letter addressed to the Secre-
taries ; but no Member shall be entitled to vote at a General Meeting
whose subscription is in arrear.

VIII. Any vacancy which may occur in the Council, or in the
offices of Secretaries or Treasurer, shall be provisionally filled up by
the Council.

IX. Those gentlemen who have assented or do assent to these rules,
and have signified their wish to become Members, shall be deemed
original Members of the Society.

X. Subsequent Members may be elected by ballot at any one of

the General Meetings, according to priority of application, upon being
proposed in writing by two existing Members. One black ball in five
shall exclude.

XI. The subscription of each Member shall be paid in advance to
the Treasurer, and shall be as follows: — Any Member of the Cam-
brian Archaeological Association who shall become an original Member
of the Club shall pay the annual sum of half-a-guinea ; any other
Member of the Club shall pay the annual sum of one guinea. If any
Member's subscription shall be in arrear for two years, and he shall
neglect to pay his subscription after being reminded by the Treasurer,
he shall be regarded as having ceased to be a Member of the Club.

XII. The Council may elect as an Honorary Member any gentle-
man contributing papers or information such as shall, in their judg-
ment, be in furtherance of the objects of the Club.

XIII. The objects of the Club shall be carried out with the hono-
rary assistance of the Members, and the funds of the Club shall be
disbursed in printing and illustrating such information as shall be
contributed by the Members, searching for and transcribing public
records, etc., and the necessary expenses of the Club.

XIV. The Members are earnestly invited to contribute articles and
information ; and contributors of papers shall be entitled to twelve
copies of such articles.

XV. Every Member not in arrear of his annual subscription will
be entitled to one copy of every publication of the Club, to be de-
livered as soon as it shall be completed.

XVI. The Council shall determine what numbers of each publica-
tion shall be printed, and the copies over and above those required
for the Members shall be sold to the public at such time and price as
may be fixed by the Council, and the proceeds be carried to the
account of the Club.

XVII. No alteration shall be made in these Laws, except at an
Anniversary Meeting ; one month's notice of any proposed alteration
to be communicated, in writing, to the Secretaries.

At the second Annual Meeting of the Club, held on the 11th of
October, 1869, in pursuance of notice given in accordance with Rule
XVII, the following alterations in the Laws were made : —

" That the Club shall be extended and shall consist of not more
than two hundred members ; all additional Members shall pay the
annual subscription of one guinea."

" That the Secretary shall be at liberty to admit Members up to
that enlarged limit ; the applicants for membership who are willing
to pay the back subscriptions so as to entitle them to the back parts
of the publications of the Club, to have the preference."

" That the Secretaries shall also be at liberty to admit new Mem-
bers to supply vacancies caused by death or resignation or non-pay-
ment of subscriptions."

" That the following words be added to Rule XII : ' or may present
him with a copy of all or any of the publications of the Club.'"

LIST OF THE MEMBERS

OF THE

POWYS-LAND CLUB.

September 30, 1873.

Those marTced * have contributed papers to the "Montgomeryshire Collections."

Those marTced f are Donors of objects to the Powys-land Museum.

Those marked % have exhibited articles of interest at the Annual Meetings.

Anderson, J. Corbet, Esq., Croydon, Surrey
:}:Anwyl, Robert Charles, Esq., Llugwy, Machynlleth
f Appleton, John Reed, Esq., F.S.A., Western Hill, Durham

Babington, Charles C, Esq., F.S.A,, etc., 5, Trumpington Road,
Cambridge
♦Barnwell, Rev. E. L., M.A., Melksham, Wilts
Beattie, John, Esq., East Molesey Lodge, Surrey ; and Union Bank,
95, Chancery Lane, London
fJBennett, Nicholas, Esq., Glanrafon, Caersws
JBowen, Thomas, Esq., Old Bank, Welshpool (Treasurer)

Brewster, Rev. Waldegrave, M.A., Rectory, Middleton, Lancashire
*Bridgeman, Hon. and Rev. G. T. 0., M.A., The Hall, Wigan
Bridgeman, Hon. and Rev. J. R. 0., M.A., Rectory, Weston-under

Lyziard, Shifnal
Buckley, Sir Edmund, Bart., M.P., Plas Dinas, Dinas Mawddwy

Cokayne, George E., Esq., M.A.Oxon., F.S.A., Lancaster Herald^
College of Arms
tCorbett, Major William, Vaynor Park, Berriew

JDavies, Miss, Penmaen Dovey, Machynlleth

Davies, Henry, Esq., Town Clerk, Oswestry
fDavies, Rev. John, M.A., 4, Marlborough Hill, St. John's Wood,

London
tJDavies, John Pryce, Esq., Fronfelin, Newtown

Dugdale, John, Esq., Llwyn, Llanfyllin

*tEdwards, Rev. Griffith, M.A., Rectory, Llangadfan
*Evans, Rev. D. Silvan, B.D., Rectory, Llan-y-mawddwy

Evans, David Williams, Esq., Clifton, Nottingham, and Glascoed,

Llansantifraid
lEvans, Rev. Edward, M.A., Rectory, Llanfihangel yng Nghwnfa,
Llanfyllin

Evans, Edward, Esq., Bronwylfa, near Ruabon
J Evans, Edward Bickerton, Esq., Whitboume Hall, Worcester
t Evans, John Hilditch, Esq., Bryn Issa, near Pershore, Worcestershire
^Evans, Joseph, Esq., Haydock Grange, St. Helens

tEvans, Rev. T. H., Llanwddyn Vicarage, Llanfyllin, Oswestry

Eyre, Rev. W., St. Beuno's College, St. Asaph

XVll

Fardo, George, Esq., Assist. Comptroller, Post Office, Liverpool
Ffoulkes, Ven. Archdeacon, M.A., Rectory, Llandyssil, Montgomery
Ffoulkes, W. Wynne, Esq., Stanley Place, Chester
*tJFisher, William, Esq., Maesfron, Welshpool

tJGillart, Richard, Esq., Llynlloedd, Machynlleth
Griffith, Thomas Taylor, Esq., Surgeon, Wrexham

*+Hamer, Edward, Esq., Abersychan, Pontypool

Harrison, John Pryce, Esq., 1, Seagrave Place, Cheltenham
^Harrison, Robert Devereux, Esq., Fronllwyd, Welshpool
tHarrison, Robert John, Esq., St. John's College, Cambridge ; and
Caerhowelj Montgomery

Hayman, Rev. Samuel, M.A., Grange-Erin, Douglas, Cork

Herbert, Colonel, Upper Helmsley Hall, Yorkshire

Herbert, John M., Esq., Rocklands, Ross

Heyward, Major John Heyward, Crosswood, Guilsfield
*tJHill, Rev. J. E., M.A., Vicarage, Welshpool

Hilton, Edwin, Esq., Glynhirieth, Llanfair-caerinion

Howell, Abraham, Esq., Rhiewport, Welshpool

Howell, David, Esq., Dolguog, Machynlleth

Howell, Evan, Esq., 4a, St. Paul's Churchyard, London

Hughes, H. R., Esq., Kinmel, St^ Asaph
JHumphreys, Arthur Charles, Esq.j Garthmyl, Berriew
t Humphreys, Joseph, Esq., The Court, Dogpole, Shrewsbury

Ikin, Alfred, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., Cefngwifed, Newtown

James, Rev. Thomas, F.S.A., Netherthong Vicarage, Huddersfield

Jehu, Richard, Esq., 21, Cloudesley Street, Islington, London

Jenkins, Rev. Canon, Llangyniew Rectory, Welshpool

Jones, Edward Maurice, Esq., Severn Street, Welshpool

Jones, John, Esq., Bellan House, Oswestry

Jones, Joseph Owen, Esq., Fron-y-gog, Machynlleth

*tiJones, Morris Charles, Esq., F.S.A., F.S.A,Scot., Gtingrog, Welsh-
pool ; and 20, Abercromby Square, Liverpool {Secretary)
Jones, Morris Paterson, Esq., 20, Abercromby Square, Liverpool

J Jones, Pryce, Esq., Newtown
Jones, Richard Edward, Esq., Cefn Bryntalch, Newtown

* Jones, Rev. R. Harries, M.A., Vicarage, Llanidloes.
Judge, Rev. John, Vicarage, Leigh ton, Welshpool

Kynaston, Rev. W. C. E., M.A., Hardwicke Hall, Ellesmere

t Londonderry, The Marquess of, Plas, Machynlleth ( Vice-President)
Leighton, Sir Baldwyn, Bart., Loton Park, Salop

*JLeighton, Stanley, Esq., Sweeney Hall, Oswestry

tLewis, Rev. David Phillips, M.A., Vicarage, Guilsfield
Lewis, Lewis, Esq., Newtown Hall, Newtown
Lewis, Rev. John, M.A., Vicarage, Buttington, Welshpool

*+Lloyd, The Chevalier, K.S.G., Clochfaen, Llanidloes

XVlll

Lloyd, Henry, Esq., 43, Half Moon Street, Piccadilly, London, W. ;

and Dolobran, Meifod
Lloyd, Miss Hinde, 4, Edgar Buildings, Bath
*tLloyd, Howel William, Esq., 37, York Crescent, Clifton, Bristol

Lloyd, Hugh, Esq., Surgeon, Machynlleth
fLloyd, Sampson S., Esq., Moore Hall, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham
*ttLloyd, Kev. Wm. Valentine, R.N., F.R.G.S., Portsmouth {Hon.
Secretary)

Mcintosh, Rev. John, M.A., Rectorj^, Llanerfyl

Matthews, Rev. E., M.A., Llandisilio Rectory, Oswestry

Mickleburgh, John, Esq., Montgomery
JMirehouse, Rev. John, M.A., Colsterworth Rectory, Grantham

Morgan, Charles, Esq., Great Baddow, Chelmsford, Essex

Morgan, Edward, Esq., Machynlleth

Morgan, Rev. Hugh, Vicarage, Rhyl
*|Morgan, T. 0., Esq., Aberystwith
*t:j:Morris, Edward Rowley, Esq., Homestay, Newtown

*Newill, Thomas, Esq., Powis Castle Park, Welshpool
*Nichols, John Gough, Esq., F.S.A., Holmwood Park, Dorking

Owen, D. C. Lloyd, Esq., M.D., 18, Newhall Street, Birmingham
JOwen, Mrs., Glansevern, Welshpool
*tOwen, Rev. EHas, B.A., Caersws

Owen, George, Esq., Plas Issa, Oswestry

Owen, Rev. R. Trevor, M.A., Vicarage, Llangedwin

Owen, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Hodnet, Market Drayton

tJPowis, The Earl of, Powis Castle, Welshpool (President)

tParker, Rev. F. W., Rectory, Montgomery
Parker, W. T., Esq., Traethlawn, Welshpool
Parry, Love Jones, Esq., M.P., F.S.A., Madryn Castle, Pwllheli

JPerrott, Robert Simcocks, Esq., Bronhyddon, LlansantfFraid
Powell, Evan, Esq., Newtown

Powys, Bransby William, Esq., 38, Russell Square, London
Price, Lewis R., Esq., 115, St. George's Square, London, S.W.

t JPrice, Benjamin, Esq., 26, Salop Road, Welshpool

JPritchard, Rev. David Pritchard, Ceuiarth, Machynlleth

IPryce, Mrs., Gunley, Chirbury

jPryce, Elijah, Esq., Plasgwyn, Prince's Park, Liverpool
Pryce, Thomas, Esq., Whitehall, Batavia
Pryce, Robert Davies, Esq., Cyffronydd, Welshpool
Pugh, Wm. Buckley, Esq., Dolfor Hall, Kerry, and Patrington, Hull
i:'ughe, David Robert, Esq., County Coroner, Machynlleth

tRead, Offley Malcolm Crewe, Esq., Llandinam Hall, Llanidloes
Richards, Thomas, Esq., 37, Great Queen Street, London
Roberts, Rev. Richard, M.A., Vicarage, Llanwnog, Caersws
Rutter, Thomas, Esq., Welshpool

Sudeley, The Lord, Toddington, Gloucestershire (Vice-President)

XIX

St. Asaph, The Bishop of, The Palace, St. Asaph (Vice-President)

Shrewsbury, The R. C. Bishop of, Belmont, Salop

Salt, George Moultrie, Esq., Salop

Salisbury, Rev. George Augustus, M.A., Westbury Rectory, Salop
*Sandford, Rev. George, M.A., Eldon Vicarage, Sheffeeld

Savin, Thomas, Esq., Oswestry

Slaughter, Rev. Edward, St. Mary's, Old Bidston Road, Birkenhead
tSmith, Charles Perin, Esq., Trenton, New Jersey, U.S. America

Smith, J. Russell, Esq., 36, Soho Square, London

Sotheran, Henry, Esq., 136, Strand, London

Sturkey, R. H. Esq., The Pentre Meifod, Welshpool

Sturkey, Thomas, Esq., Newtown

Swithinbank, J. E., Esq., LL.D., Percy Park, Tynemouth

Taylor, Rev. A. L., The Grammar School, Ruabon
Temple, Rev. R., M.A., Glanbrogan, Oswestry

*Thoraas, Rev. D. R., M.A., Rectory, Cefn, St. Asaph
Tompson, Rev. F. H., M.A. Vicarage, Llanllwchaiarn
Tracy, the Hon. C. D. Hanbury, M.P., Dolforwyn Hall, Newtown

tTrevor, E. R. S., Esq., Penylan Hall, Welshpool
Trinity College Library, Cambridge (Rev. R. Sinker, M.A., Librarian)
Tudor, Owen Davies, Esq., 2, Cottingham Road, South Kensington,
London

fTurnbull, James, Esq., M.D., Rodney Street, Liverpool

tJTurner, Rev. J. J., M.A., Welshpool

Vemey, G. H., Esq., Claydon House, near Winslow, Bucks
ifWynn, Sir Watkin Williams, Bart., M.P., Wynnstay, Ruabon (Vice-

*t Wynne, W. W. E., Esq., F.S.A., Peniarth, Towyn (Vice-President)
*t:|:Walker, David, Esq., Architect, Liverpool
JWilding, William, Esq., Town Clerk, Montgomery

Williams, Edward, Esq., Ebnal Lodge, Oswestry

Williams, Edward, Esq., Neuadd feben, Talgarth
J Williams, Rev. John, M.A., Rectory, Newtown

* Williams, Rev. Canon Robert, M.A., Rectory, Llanfyllin
*Williams, Rev. Robert, M.A., Rectory, Rhyd y croesau, Oswestry
*tJWilliams, Richard, Esq., Newtown

* Williams, Rev. W. Maddock, M.A., Barncote, Reigate Hill, Reigate
Withy, William, Esq., Golfa, Welshpool

fWynn, Charles Watkin Williams, Esq., M.P., Coed y Maen, Welsh-
pool
Wynne, Mrs. Brownlow, Garthewin, near Abergele

NEW MEMBERS (sincc October 1st, 1873).
Beattie, Joseph, Esq., 242, Hagley Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham
Jones, T. Simpson, Esq., Trinity College, Cambridge
Marsh, Miss Mary, Tybrith, Carno
Powell, Samuel, Esq., Severn Street, Welshpool

c 2

THE POWYS-LAND CLUB.

The Sixth Annual Meeting of the Powys-land Club was held in the
National School Room, Welshpool, on Friday, October 2nd, 1873, at
three p.m. There were present— The Right Hon. the Earl of Powis,
the President of the Club; Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart., M.P. ; Thomas
Bo wen, Esq., Old Bank, Welshpool ; William Fisher, Esq., Maesfron,
Welshpool ; Abraham Howell, Esq., Rhiewport, Welshpool ; Richard
Jehu, Esq., London ; Morris Paterson Jones, Esq., 20, Abercromby
Square, Liverpool; Thomas Simpson Jones, Esq., Trinity College,
Cambridge ; Stanley Leighton, Esq., Sweeney Hall, Oswestry ; Rev.
David Phillips Lewis, Vicarage, Guilsfield; Henry Lloyd, Esq., of
Dolobran and London ; Thomas Owen Morgan, Esq., Aberystwith ;
Benjamin Price, Esq., Welshpool ; Capt. Offley Malcolm Crewe-Read,
R.N., Llandinam Hall, Llanidloes ; Thomas Rutter, Esq., Welshpool ;
Rev. D. R. Thomas, Cefn Rectory, St. Asaph ; David Walker, Esq.,
Liverpool; Richard Williams, Esq., Newtown ; William Withy, Esq.,
Golfa, Welshpool; and Charles W. W. Wynn, Esq., M.P., Coed y
Maen, Welshpool ; and also Thomas Withy, Esq., Welshpool ; Llew-
elyn Howell, Exeter College, Oxford; and Rev. Charles Boutell,
London ; and the Hon. Secretary, Morris Charles Jones, Esq., F.S.A.,
Gungrog, Welshpool.

The President, in calling for the report of the General Committee,
said: I congratulate the Secretary (Mr. Morris Jones) on the
activity and energy with which he has carried out an object which he
has advocated for many years — that is, providing a Museum for the
Society, so that the Society will become adscriphis glehee, not in the
sense of being a serf but a freeholder.

The following Report was then read : —

Report of the General Committee to the Sixth Annual Meeting of the
Powys-land Club, held at Welshpool on the 2nd October, 1873.
The Powys-land Club enters upon the seventh year of its existence
under happy auspices. The Members now are 154 in number, being
the largest number to which the roll of the Members has yet attained,
and shewing an increase of eleven over the number recorded in the
last Report. Happily no death has occurred during the last year.
Intimation has been received of two intended resignations ; and, on
the other hand, the accession of three new Members has to be an-
nounced. So slight a fluctuation in the roll of Members, coupled
with Its increasing numbers, is a matter for congratulation.

XXI

The Rules of the Club ordaiu that the Members of the Council
should be elected at this present meeting. A list, accordingly, has
been circulated, which impHes a comparatively light change, in the
appointment of the Rev. W. V. Lloyd, R.N., whose services to the
Club have been indeed invaluable, as one of the Honorary Secretaries;
and that of Stanley Leighton, Esq., as a Member of the Council.

The Report of the Treasurer shews the financial affairs of the Club
to be in a prosperous condition, the balance in hand having increased
from £116:3:10 to £157:2, in addition to £8:8, being the
amount of subscriptions in arrear. This gratifying increase is in
part to be attributed to the circumstance that six new Members have
purchased complete sets of the Transactions, thus paying £6:6 each
to the credit of the Club. The stock of complete sets of the Transac-
tions of the Club now consists of little more than thirty sets ; to
these must be added some extra copies of the later numbers of the
Transactions. This stock represents a value of not less than £200,
besides a number of valuable wood blocks.

The acknowledgments of the Club are due to the Earl of Powis
for the illustration of the Herbert monument in Montgomery Church :
to Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., for the loan of ten volumes of
the valuable MS. pedigrees of the late Joseph Morris ; to the Cheva-
lier Lloyd, K.S.G., for eight illustrations of Llanidloes Church : and
to the Rev. W. V. Lloyd, R.N., for four illustrations of the Richard
Lloyd (of Marrington) sheriff notice. The liberality which thus has
enriched and beautified the Transactions of the Club, the Committee
trust may be regarded as an example to be followed as well as a
claim for grateful acknowledgment.

It is to be hoped that the interest of the Transactions has been
fully maintained. Several fresh subjects have been commenced,
and many others are in progress towards completion ; and, in order
to secure for the succeeding parts of the Montgomeryshire Collections
that the articles contained in them should equal their predecessors
in both interest and extent, it is necessary to make an earnest appeal
to Members and others for additional literary contributions.

It is not possible to estimate too highly the importance of infor-
mation being promptly communicated by Members to the Honorary
Secretaries concerning the discovery or the existence of early relics or
objects of curiosity in the district ; nor can such information contain
too minutely detailed particulars. The 'Mortarium', an object of
extreme rarity, which was found at the Bank Farm, Pool Quay,
really was discovered twenty-four years ago, and has been prized
throughout this long space of time by the tenant's wife simply as " a
nice thing in which she could keep sand for scouring her pots and
pans"; and, accordingly, for that ignoble purpose, this relic was used
almost for a quarter of a century. Through the generosity of the
President it now happily forms an important item amidst the Roman
remains that have been discovered in this county. The necessity for
bestowing careful attention to minute details in describing any archa3-
ological object is well exemplified in the articles upon the * Effigies in

XXll

Montgomery Church.' The character of the collar represented in the
effigy No. 2, with the white lion attached to it (the latter hidden
from view in the engraving by the uplifted hands), fixed the date of
the effigy within ten years, whereas, without the specific information
thus conveyed, the date ranged over twenty-five years ; the collar
also determined the fact that the person represented, otherwise un-
known, was an adherent of the House of York. Again, the bendlet
charged upon the inescutcheon of the arms of Mortimer, displayed
upon the jupon of the other effigy, and repeated upon the panache-
crest, at once declared this to have been the memorial, not of an Earl
of March, but of a cadet of the noble and historic House of Mortimer.
Reference is here made to these rainutise with a view to impress upon
Members that, in the description of any archaeological object, no par-
ticularity can be superfluous ; since, indeed, it is far better even to
err on the side of minuteness of details, than to incline in the oppo-
site direction of vague generality.

" In concluding their Report, the Committee feel much pleasure in
being able to announce that the difficulty attending the providing a
depository for the contents of the Powys-land Museum at length has
been overcome. A suitable site, which recently was offered for sale
by auction, has been purchased for £400 by one of the Honorary
Secretaries, on his own responsibility, in the confident hope that this
purchase would receive the approval of the Members of the Club ;
and this expectation has been realised, the whole amount of the pur-
chase-money having been raised almost spontaneously, so that the
site will shortly be ready to be conveyed to Trustees on behalf of the
Powys-land Club, to be dealt with as the Club shall determine.

*' This purchase, already represented merely as providing a site for
some future building, really comprises an ornamental cottage, which
is capable of forming a room 23 feet by 12 feet, together with a gar-
den, the area of the whole containing 635 s:iuare yards of land, and
having a frontage of 26 yards to Salop Road, Welshpool, and a side
frontage to the Red Lane, leading to Guilsfield, of 32 yards. This pro-
perty is in the immediate neighbourhood of the parish church of
Welshpool, and it appears in every respect to be well adapted for the
purpose that is proposed. The capabilities of this site in respect to
position and extent evidently are such as to admit the erection, at
some future time, of a building of ample size for any requirements of
the Powys-land Museum ; whilst, on the other hand, the existing
cottage by a small outlay at once can be made to provide such a
depository as at the present time is required, thus leaving a more
ambitious building for future consideration. Future operations ne-
cessarily must depend upon the amount of support the project may
receive, as well in the form of pecuniary contributions, as of archaeo-
logical and otherwise interesting objects that may be presented and
added to the collections. At the present moment the duty of the
Committee does not extend beyond making the foregoing statement,
coupled with an application to the Club to approve what already has
been done, and also to authorise a general appeal being made to the
members and others for support for the Museum project.

XXUl

" The Committee hope that the next, the seventh annual meeting
of the Club may be held in the Powys-land Museum, and that an
exhibition then may be formed on a far more extensive scale than
hitherto has been attempted.

"The success of this Museum project, which in its early stage al-
ready is assured, can be fully realised only by no inconsiderable degree
of self-denial on the part of the members who may be disposed to
place their archaeological and other treasures in the Museum, to be
associated with the various objects and collections it may contain, and
where they may be accessible by all for inspection and study.

" Of the general importance of this project it is not necessary here
to speak, since it cannot fail to commend itself, not only to the Mem-
bers of the Club, but also to all who are interested in whatever may
be associated either directly or indirectly with the historic district of
Powys-land in times long passed away, or, indeed, may throw light
upon the arts, the manners, and the usages of our ancestors in those
early ages which now we rightly regard with great and increasing in-
terest. While specially designed to bring together and to preserve
local antiquities, it is intended that the Powys-land Museum should
also become a home for all kindred relics ; and thus, as it has been
well observed, while the local collections in our Museum in every most
important quality may even excel what represents Powys-land in the
British Museum itself, as all our collections, whether local or general,
gradually increase in both number and variety, their contents continu-
ally will derive new value from their association with fresh objects and
the consequent enlargement of their field for comprehensive compa-
rison and mutual illustration ; and, accordingly, our Museum will not
cease to strengthen its claims for cordial support, by proving that with
the lapse of time it constantly will grow in value and will rise to a
still higher standard of intrinsic worthiness."

The President then called upon Mr. Bowen, the Treasurer, to read
the statement of accounts.

Mr. Bowen read an abstract of the following statement. (See pp.
xxiv and xxv.)

XXIV

The Powys-land Glut in account with Thomas Bowen, Hon.

ending 30th

To Cash paid as follows : —

„ Mr. Richards for printing Report of Meeting, and supple-
mentary part - - . - -

,, Ditto for printing Part XII _ _ -

„ Ditto for printing Part XIII _ _ -

„ Paid for Illustrations _ . _ _

„ Paid for Sundries : —

,, „ Expenses of Meeting; Carriage of parcels from Mr.
Richards of Reports and Parts XII and XIII, and
postage of same to Members, and also of back
parts to new Members ; postage of circulars collect-
ing Subscriptions, and remitting same - - 17 12 10

,, Balance carried down . _ . _ _ 157 2 0

^12 14

62 5

53 6

13 15

£306 15 4

XX\'

Treasurer y for the year commencing \st October, 1872^ and
September , 1873.

By Balance in hand ---._. £116 3 10

„ Cash received for Subscriptions as follows : —
8 Subscriptions from Original Members at lO*. 6d. each
108 ,, ,, Ordinary Members at £l Is. each

,, New Members at £1 Is. each -
„ ,, ,, at £1 lis. 6d. each

,, ,, ,, at £2 2s. each -

„ „ ,, at £6 6s. each -

Special : —
1 The Right Hon. the Earl of Powis

1 The Chevalier Lloyd, K.S.G. - . - -

Arrears received ------

Received for one back part _ - . .

Subscriptions of next year paid in advance
10 Members who last year paid this year's subscription in

advance
10 Members in arrear (amounting to ^8 8s.)

4 4

113 8

4 4

6 6

4 4

37 16

5 5

2 12

0 10

6 16

£306 15 4

October 1873, By Balance in hand - - - - 157 2 0

XXVI

The President : — I beg to move that the reports now read be passed
and printed for distribution amongst the members, and that the Mu-
seum project be carried out under the superintendence of the Museum
Committee, and be recommended to the members of the Club and
the pubHc for their support.

Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., M.P., seconded the motion,
and said : — In this district, just on the border of England and Wales,
with our many border castles, archaeology will be of much advantage
to us, for it is proper we should try and find out from the remains
which have been left to us what were the deeds of our ancestors.

The motion was then carried unanimously.

C. W. W. Wynn, Esq., M.P., moved that the following be the
officers of the Club for the next three years, viz.: —

President.
THE EARL OF POWIS.

Vice-Presidents.

THE MAEQUESS OF LONDONDEEEY.

THE LOEB SUDELEY.

THE BISHOP OF ST. ASAPH.

SIE WATKIN WILLIAMS WYNN, Bart., M.P.

W. W. E. WYNNE, Esq., F.S.A. (of Peniarth.)

Council.

Eev. E. L. Babnwell, M.A.,

Melksham, Wilts.
Sib Edmund Buckley, Bart., M.P.,

Plas Dinas.
Ofplet Malcolm Cbewe-Eeade,Esq.

Llandinam Hall, Llanidloes.
Ven. Abchdeacon Ffoulkes, M.A,,

Eectory, Llandyssil.
Abbaham Howell, Esq.,

Ehiewport, Welshpool.
David Howell, Esq.,

Dolguog, Machynlleth.

Stanley Leighton, Esq.,

Sweeney Hall, Oswestry.
Eev. D. Phillips Lewis, M.A.,

Vicarage, Guilsfield.
The Chevalier Lloyd, K.S.G.,

Clochfaen, Llanidloes.
Hon. Chas. Hanbuby Tracy, M.P.,

Gregynog, Newtown.
Eev. Canon Eobt. Williams, M.A.,

Eectory, LlanfyUin.
C. W. Williams Wynn, Esq., M.P.,

Coed y Maen, Welshpool.

Hon. Treasurer.

Thomas Bowen, Esq. (Messrs. Beck and Co. ), Welshpool.

Hon. Secretaries.

Morris C. Jones, Esq., P.S.A., 20, Abercromby Square, Liverpool

■D Tx, -rr -. (^^^ Gungrog, Welshpool).

Eev. W. V. Lloyd, E.N., M.A., F.E.G.S., Naval and Military Club,

London.

Capt. 0. M. Crewe-Read seconded the motion, which was passed.

Ihe President then called upon the Rev. Charles Boutell, author
ot Christian Monuments in England and Wales, Heraldry Historical
and Popular, etc., who was on a visit in the neighbourhood, to make
ChuTh^^"^^^^^ ^POii tlie two monumental effigies in Montgomery

Mr. Boutell said— With much pleasure, my lord, I avail myself of

XXVll

I Pour lordship's permission and of the opportunity now afforded me
through the kindness of my friend, the Hon. Secretary of the Club,
Mr. Morris Jones of Gungrog, to say a few words in support of one
particular paragraph in the report just read, and unanimously adopted
by the meeting. I refer to the paragraph in which the attention of mem-
bers of the Club is specially directed to the importance of very care-
fully observing and faithfully recording all the most minute details
when describing any object of archaeological interest or curiosity. In
illustration of what is so well said on this matter in your report, I
will now invite your lordship's attention and the attention of the
meeting to the two fine early monumental effigies which now lie side
by side in the south transept of Montgomery Church. Some little
time ago your Secretary was so kind as to send me impressions of the
engravings of these effigies, together with the article devoted to a de-
scription of them, and published with the engravings in the April part
of this year's Transactions of the Powys-land Cluh. At the same time
Mr. Jones requested me to communicate to him any observations sug-
gested by the engravings, which might appear to me to be desirable
to add to the descriptive notice already published. Accordingly, in
compliance with his request, I sent to Mr. Jones, in the form of a
" note," the supplementary remarks upon the Montgomery effigies,
which have been printed in the part of the Club's Transactions just
issued. That " note" was written before I had seen the effigies, and
solely from what the engravings of them had to tell on their behalf.
During the present week, through the kindness of Mr. Jones, I have
been enabled to make a careful examination of the original sculptures
in Montgomery Church, when I found various details of no common
interest still remaining to be noticed, in order to place in the Trans-
actions of the Club a complete description of these singularly interest-
ing examples of early monumental art. The armorial blazonry so well
known of the great house of Mortimer displayed on the jupon which
covers the mail hawberk and the breastplate in the earlier effigy
("No. 1," in the memoir and note) had already assigned that memo-
rial to a Mortimer ; and, indeed, notwithstanding the admitted pre-
sence of a bendlet upon the inescutcheon, these arms had led to the con-
clusion that the effigy represented, and was designed to commemorate
one of the Earls of March. That this effigy represents a Mortimer
cannot be questioned, and, so far as I am aware, this is the only effigy
of a member of that illustrious house known to be in existence \ but
the bendlet charged upon the inescutcheon, in conformity with an
heraldic usage of especial significance, known as " differencing," is a
proof, that instead of being one of the Earls of March, the particular
Mortimer of the effigy was some cadet of their historic family. The
Earls of March themselves bore their remarkable arms with the ines-
cutcheon silver and quite plain, the tinctures of the rest of the shield
being gold and blue. By other Mortimers of Wigmore the same arms
were borne, differenced either by changing the tincture from blue to
red, or by placing various differencing charges, as a bendlet or a saltire,
upon the inescutcheon, or by substituting an ermine inescutcheon for

XXVIU

one of silver. (These Mortimer " differences" Mr. Boutell exemplified,
as he proceeded, with chalk diagrams on a black board.) In a roll
of arms, its date nearly coinciding with that of the effigy, lately pub-
lished in the Archceologia, a shield of the " Mortimer Arms," having
the inescutcheou differenced with " a bendlet gules" is assigned to
" William de Mortimer." The arms of the Earls of March, as I need
scarcely add, on several occasions were quartered with the royal in-
signia of England. This marshalling appears in four of the shields in
the series which adorn -the monument of Queen Elizabeth in West-
minster Abbey. Photographs from casts of this entire series of shields,
thirty-six in number, that have just been taken, with the sanction of
the Dean, by one of the vergers of the Abbey, Mr. Berrington, a
highly intelligent man, have been sent to me to-day, and I am glad
to be able to place them before the meeting. The arms of the Morti-
mers of Wigmore, Earls of March, without difference, also are mar-
shalled in the same manner on shields upon the monuments of Henry
VII and his mother in Westminster Abbey, and upon the monumen-
tal chantry of Prince Arthur Tudor in Worcester Cathedral. My
examination of the effigy at Montgomery has shown me the Mortimer
crest to have the panache differenced also, as in the inescutcheon, with
a bendlet, this bendlet being continued from the uppermost of the four
upright heights of the feathers across the two other heights
which form the conical apex of the panache plume. This is
an early and an extremely interesting example of a differenced
crest. Another example, somewhat earlier and also of very great in-
terest, is the original crest of the Black Prince, still preserved with
his helm, in Canterbury Cathedral : here the lion crest of England is
differenced with the Prince's own silver label. Other examples of the
differenced crests of illustrious personages occur in the garter-plates
of the fifteenth century in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.
The Tyndalls differenced their panache or plume crests. The pre-
sence of the crest, I may observe, shows the Mortimer of the effigy
to have been a near relative of the Earl (as his differenced inescutcheon
proves him not to have been one of the Earls of March), crests having
been assumed and worn towards the close of the fourtenth century
only by personages of high rank and distinction. The crest-coronet
which forms the upper part of the plain cylindrical tilting-helm be-
neath the head of the Mortimer effigy, and is very rich in its leafage,
is rendered with excellent effect and remains almost uninjured. The
roses of the wreath that encircles the basinet are linked together with
entwined chains, and are not in contact. A similar wreath appears in
the brass to William, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, a.d. 1409, at Spilsby
in Lincolnshire ; and I may refer to another example in a remark-
able sculptured effigy, about a.d. 1375, in Tewkesbury Abbey Church.
On the forehead of the Montgomery effigy are remains of what appears
to have been a cap worn under the basinet ; and the attachment of
the camail to the basinet is clearly shown. The mail of the hawberk
appears under the arms ; the defences of the limbs, with the guards
for the elbows and knees, are represented with care and in conformity

XXIX

the prevailing usage of the era of the sculpture ; on the right
of the figure there are remains of the misericorde, with distinct
3es of the manner of its adjustment ; the original straps and buckles
the spurs with the gussets of mail over the insteps may still be
jen, but the toes of the soUerets have been rounded off. The other
jffigy, " No. 2" of the memoir and notes, in like manner gains greatly
minute examination. A truly noble work modelled with great
dll, and in far more perfect preservation than the engraving had led
le to expect, this effigy represents a man of stalwart frame and com-
landing figure in the prime of life, and its broad and massive pro-
)ortions contrast strongly with the slight and spare figure of the evi-
lently more youthful Mortimer now lying by its side. The head of
the figure, bare and with long hair, rests on a helm, partly broken
Lway, with a flowing mantling, the crest-wreath remaining ; but of
'the crest itself there remain only the two fore-clawed eagle-feet and
the two hind lion-paws of a griffin, which, however, may lead to the
identification of the Yorkist knight here represented, for Yorkist most
certainly he was, as is shown conclusively by the collar of suns and
roses of York, worn about the neck of the effigy with the character-
istic pendant lion of the house of March. In this instance, even more
than in that of the Mortimer effigy, the more minute the examination
of all the details of the armour may be, the more satisfactory does
this figure become as a characteristic example of the military equip-
ment in use at the period, a.d. 1460-1470, to which without hesita-
tion it is to be assigned. In accordance with the usage then preva-
lent, the plate armour here represented appears worn without any
surcoat, and consequently it is without any display of heraldic insig-
nia. The armour in the original is more highly finished and the de-
tails are more fully made out than the engraving suggests ; thus the
shoulder-guards are more exact in form and adjusted with greater
care ; the joints in the defences of the limbs are clearly shown ; the
mail gorget rises from within the moulded ridge of the breastplate ;
the straps and buckles which fasten the breast and back plates are
represented, and the breastplate itself is reinforced in front with a
second plate, the adjustment of which is carefully shown ; the escal-
loped taces also, with their fastenings, and the tuilles both in front
of the figure and at its sides with their straps and buckles, are sculp-
tured with the utmost exactness. The slender belt or cord for sus-
taining the misericorde on the right side of the figure remains, cross-
ing the person of the knight from left to right under the diagonal
sword-belt ; but, like the sword, the misericorde itself has been broken
away. The knee-guards, again, the spurs also, without rouelles, and
the spur-straps, are all well preserved in the effigy itself. The ani-
mal upon which the feet rest is a lion. Let me not omit to observe
that it is scarcely possible to give a completely faithful representation
with all minute details of armed effigies, without a previous familiarity
with works of their order, and without considerable experience both
in examining and comparing various examples as well of the same
period as of different periods. In early monumental sculpture no

XXX

other country can rival our own ; and among works of their own class
in England and Wales, places of honour may justly be claimed for the
two effigies in Montgomery Church.

Mr. Boutell, at this point in his address, briefly directed the atten-
tion of the meeting to a group of rubbings from remarkably fine monu-
mental brasses, which he had placed on the walls of the room in order
to illustrate some of the more decided and important typical forms
assumed by mediaeval armour in Great Britain. After this Mr.
Boutell, again addressing the noble President, said :

As the subject of heraldry has already engaged your lordship's
attention and the attention of the members of the Club, I venture
to hope I may be pardoned if I avail myself of the present oppor-
tunity, here in Powys-land, to offer one or two remarks upon a
matter, strictly heraldic, which I think I may assume to possess strong
claims upon the sympathies of the members of the Powys-land Club.
I refer to the armorial insignia of the principality of Wales in con-
nection with the heraldic achievement of the Prince of Wales. As
heir apparent to the Crown, his Royal Highness bears a title, a title
which none but an heir apparent may bear, derived from the princi-
pality of Wales. His Royal Highness also bears several other titles ;
but it is as Prince of Wales that we all know him so well and value
him so highly. For each of his other dignities and titles the Prince
bears its own proper heraldic blazonry ; and yet, most strange is the
fact that so far as authority is concerned, for the first and highest of
his titles and dignities the shield of the Prince of Wales marshals no
distinctive insignia. The shield of the Prince of Wales, in other
words, as it is blazoned by authority, is charged with everything ex-
cept the arms of the principality of Wales. In my own volume.
Heraldry Historical and Popular, published ten years ago, I inserted
an engraving of the armorial shield of the Prince of Wales, marshalled
not by the College of Arms, but by myself; and in this shield thein-
escutcheon charged upon the differenced royal shield in its first quarter
bears a coat which has long been assigned to the principality of Wales.
It is the coat displayed, as the " arms of Wales," on the monument of
Queen Elizabeth, to which I have already made reference ; and this
very shield of the monument is here represented in the photograph I
placed in your lordship's hands — it is a shield quarterly, in each quarter
a lio7i passant guardant,the tinctures being or and gules counterchanged ;
and there appears to be some uncertainty as to the field of the first
quarter, whether it should be of the metal or of the colour, which
would necessarily determine the alternation of the tinctures of the
entire shield. This shield of Wales upon the monument of Queen
Elizabeth is one in a group of four shields, the three others being for
Cornwall, Chester, and Ireland. Since the publication of my en-
graving no public action has been taken by the College of Arms with
reference to the armorial shield of the Prince of Wales ; but, on the
other hand, no objection whatever at any time or in any quarter has
been advanced against my own marshalling of the shield of his
Royal Highness. For myself I am disposed to maintain that the

XXXI

Ijjhield of the Prince of Wales has a right to bear the arms of the
principality ; that the arms of the principality of Wales have a right to
take precedence and to appear in the first quarter of the inescutcheon
of the Prince. The shield of the Prince of Wales is an heraldic history,
and without the arms of the principality of Wales that history
fails in one of its most vital points. Whether the shield dis-
played upon the monument of Queen Elizabeth is, or is not, the true
armorial shield of the entire principality of Wales, I leave without any
comment. I am well aware that distinct coats of arms have been
assigned to North Wales and to South Wales, and then Powys-land
has its own red lion rampant ; but, without discussing what the arms
may be which the Prince of Wales should bear for his principality, I
am content to have spoken on the general subject of the arms of Wales
in connection with the Prince of Wales at a meeting of the Powys-land
Club, and I can most happily leave the further consideration of this
highly interesting subject with the members of the Club. My own
feeling on this matter I may sum up in these few words — I desire to
have the arms of Wales marshalled by authority upon the inescutcheon
of the Prince of Wales, and I claim for those arms the place of honour
there in the first quarter.

The Rev. D. P. Lewis, Guilsfield, said : —I move that the thanks of
this Club be given to the President for presiding at this meeting. I
am sure that we all feel extremely obliged to Lord Powis for his kind-
ness in coming down to preside on this occasion. I just wish to make
a remark in reference to one point that has been mooted to-day at
this meeting, in reference to the Museum. Mr. Morris Jones reminded
me the other day of a remark that T made some years ago, and which
he wished me to repeat. I said at one of the first meetings of the Powys-
land Club, that I thought it exceedingly useful that by establishing
this local museum we should gather together articles of local archaeo-
logical interest which, in private collections, are almost entirely lost
sight of. There are a great number of such articles hereabouts which
are of very great interest in the neighbourhood where they have been
collected, but are of very little when they get into other parts of the
country and no one knows where they come from. Things of this
sort, such as traces of battles, weapons of war, etc., which are always
most interesting, should be brought into the local museum; for if, for
instance, they get into a clergyman's family, the son may very likely
take them to another part of the country, and, though they may be
preserved and regarded with interest, they would be better in a
museum where people know where they came from. I hope the plan
of a museum will now be successfully carried out.

Abraham Howell, Esq., seconded the motion, which was carried.

The President, in reply, said :— We are all very much obliged to
Mr. Boutell for his kindness, and he deserves the thanks of all for his
very interesting description of the effigies.

This concluded the proceedings.

THE ARMS OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.

We have been favoured with the following letter from the Rev.
Charles Boutell, making a practical suggestion on this subject, which
is submitted for the consideration of the members of the Powys-land
Club :—

To Morris Charles Jones, of Gungrog, Esq., F.S.A., Honorary
Secretary of the Powys-land Cluh, etc., etc.

London, October 20th, 1873.

My dear Sir, — Since the annual meeting of the Powys-land Club,
on the 3rd instant, when I had the honour to address to the noble
President and the assembled members of the Club a few remarks upon
the arms of the principality of Wales in connection with the armorial
shield borne by H.R.H, The Prince of Wales, I have been enabled
through your kindness to read the series of communications upon
this same subject that have been addressed by several correspondents
to the editor of Bye-gones, and republished under that general title
from the columns of the Oswestry Advertiser. Of Bye-gones, as a
whole, I trust I may be permitted to express the opinion that I regard
it as a publication of no common order, replete with information that
always is curious and interesting, and often also of great value. Upon
the subject of the " Heraldic Grievance of Wales," however, Bye-gones
can scarcely be said to have advanced much beyond the position I
myself assumed some seven or eight years before this subject was first
introduced (December 6th, 1871) by yourself under the signature of
" S" into the "Bye-gones" column of the Oswestry Advertiser.

In the third edition (published early in 1864) of my Heraldry
Historical and Popular, section vii of chapter xix (pp. 322-331) is
devoted to "the arms of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and
Princess of Wales, and of the other members of the Royal Family ;"
and here I have invited special attention to the equally singular and
unbecoming circumstance, that the arms of the Prince of Wales, as
marshalled by authority, do not display any heraldic insignia for the
Prince's principality of Wales. I have added a claim on behalf of
the principality that its proper insignia should be marshalled upon
the inescutcheon of the Prince, and marshalled there in the first
quarter, such precedence being the right of the principality, as higher
in dignity and rank than any dukedom. In illustration of this claim,
I have inserted in my volume a plate displaying the shield of the
Prince thus marshalled ; and in my text I have noticed (as fully as
ray limited space would permit) certain comparatively early examples
of arms, either actually borne by Heirs Apparent to the English Crown
as Princes of Wales, or accepted as the armorial bearings of the prin-

XXXlll

ipality. The writers in Bye-gones have gone more fully into details
lan I was able to do, but without adducing any fresh matters of
jt ; they have rightly rejected any such arms for all Wales as might
ive been devised for and assigned to Welsh Princes, who flourished
md died in what I may entitle pre-heraldic times ; and they have
suggested (a suggestion that I am unable to adopt) that the singularly
unsatisfactory shield displayed on the seal of Edward V, as Prince of
Wales, and by Prince Arthur Tudor, may have been the Royal shield
of England differenced by changed tinctures, and also by a very de-
cided change in the attitude, and in the character as expressed through
the attitude, of the three lions.

I may here remark, that the monumental chantry of Arthur Tudor,
Prince of Wales, in Worcester Cathedral, rich as it is in heraldic
adornment, does not display the shield with the three lions coward in
pale (engraved from the seals, in my Heraldry^ plate xl) ; but the
shield of the Prince there blazoned is the royal shield of his father,
France Modern and England quarterly, differenced with the Prince's
own label of three points ; and the royal shield, so differenced for
Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, is supported by two harts, and en-
signed with an open coronet (the circlet heightened with crosses, but
without fleurs-de-lys), a single ostrich feather being above the coronet
and a group of three ostrich feathers being below the shield.

Henry Frederick, eldest son of James I, Prince of Wales, and
Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the father of George IIT, were
buried in Westminster Abbey, but no monument was erected to their
memory. Both Princes bore the royal arms, differenced with a plain
silver label of three points ; in like manner, the royal arms so differ-
enced were borne by the other Princes of Wales who became Kings ;
and I do not find the three lions coward ever to have been borne by
any of these Princes of Wales.

I may add, that upon the monument of Edward Plantagenet, Prince
of Wales, the Black Prince, in Canterbury Cathedral, the armorial
insignia — for which careful provision had been made in his will by
the Prince himself — are the royal shield with the silver label, and a
black shield with three separate ostrich feathers, his " badge", as the
Prince expressly entitles the feathers ; and these two shields he styles,
the former his shield "for war," and the latter ''for peace".

Upon the shield bearing the three lions coward, assigned, without
even a shadow of genuine historical authority, to " Rhodri Mawr
before Wales was divided into three principalities" (and, therefore,
regarded as the arms of the entire principality), I may observe that,
since it appears upon the hilt of the well-known sword of the earldom
of Chester now in the British Museum (as stated in Bye-gones, p. 29,
with a reference to the ArcJioeologia, xxxi, 369), this shield may have
been at least as closely connected with the earldom of Chester as with
the principality of Wales.

There remain for consideration — 1. The shield bearing. Quarterly
gules and or (or quarterly or and gides), four lions passant guardant
(a shield strongly suggestive of having been derived from the royal

XXXIV

shield of England), assigned to Gwynedd, or North Wales ; 2, gules,
three chevrons argent (suggestive of derivation, with change of tine- ■
tures, from the shield of the powerful Earls of Gloucester), assigned to
Dyped, or South Wales j and 3, or, a lion rampant gules, the historic
arms of Powys-land.

Of these three shields, the first appears, sculptured in very low
relief, upon the basement of the monument erected by James I to
Queen Elizabeth in Westminster Abbey ; but, since the shields on
this monument may have been coloured, this shield, as it now ap-
pears, does not determine whether the tincture of the first quarter
was or or gules. This shield upon the monument is grouped with the
shields of the dukedom of Cornwall, the earldom of Chester, and
Ireland (without diiference) ; and, I think, it may be accepted as
certain that this shield was considered in the time of James I to dis-
play the arms of Wales — of the entire principality that is (see Bye-
gones, p. 25, with the references in p. 26 to Harl. MSS., 6,085 and
6,096, in the British Museum, etc.) ; and the same opinion may
fairly be assumed to have prevailed somewhat earlier. Still, whatever
value and authority may be assigned to the monument of Queen
Elizabeth and to certain contemporary documents in support of this
shield as bearing the " arms of Wales," it must be borne- in mind
that this really is isolated evidence, since it fails to find confirmation
either much earlier or at all later; so that, on the whole, of this
shield it can scarcely be affirmed, that it has made out and esta-
blished a positive claim for acceptance and recognition by ourselves,
as the historical heraldic representative of the principality.

It does not appear to be necessary to discuss the question as to
whether the shield bearing the three silver chevrons ought to be re-
garded as displaying the "arms of Wales." And, again, its time-
honoured association with the Lords of Powys gives to that " ruddy
lion ramping in gold^'' a distinctive character which, while identify-
ing it with Powys-land as a section of Wales, forbids this armorial
ensign being assigned to the principality of Wales as a whole. It is
true, "that Owen Glendower, as Prince of Wales, in 1404, had all the
lions (of the shield quarterly, that is) hlazoned rampant" (see Byegones,
p. 18, with a reference to the Archceologia, xxv, 619). This, indeed,
would appear to have been an attempt to combine the Powys lion
with the shield quarterly, from whatever source and by whatever means
that said shield may have become acclimatised within the borders of
Cambria.

Whatever may have been the views held at early times by Welsh-
men, I am inchned to conjecture that the arms borne by native Welsh
Princes may have been considered in England to have been personal
insignia, and not territorial, and consequently they may not have been
recognised by English authorities as the arms of the principality. The
principality of Wales, indeed, would seem to have been regarded as
so thoroughly incorporated with the realm of England, that the arms
of England were understood to imply the arms of England and Wales.

XXXV

I Accordingly, in bearing the royal arms differenced with his own label,
it would seem also to have been understood, that the Heir Apparent
displayed upon his shield the arms of the Heir Apparent of England
and Wales. And yet, since the distinctive title of the Heir Apparent
is neither " Prince of England" nor " Prince of England and Wales,"
but " Prince of Wales," I must maintain true heraldry to require the
Prince of Wales to bear distinctive arms for his distinctive title, as
such arms certainly ought always to have been borne by all Princes
of Wales, Heirs Apparent of England and Wales, or of Great Britain.
Wales, an integral part of Great Britain, as a principality, has pre-
cisely the same right and title to distinct armorial recognition and re-
presentation that Scotland, also an integral part of Great Britain, has
as a kingdom. The Duchy of Lancaster, also, still retains the
armorial ensigns of the first Duke of Lancaster. Unfortunately,
while no manner of doubt is associated with the blazonry of

"Proud Scotland's Royal Shield,"

it is by no means certain what princely arms Wales may claim as her
own.

In this case, I venture to suggest that a formal memorial on this
subject be submitted to the Prince of Wales, praying His Royal
Highness to command the presentation of an equally formal memorial
to the Earl Marshal, so that His Grace may require Garter and the
other officers of arms officially to exemplify and record as The Arms
OF Wales such blazoning as the Prince himself, with the supreme
sanction and authority of the Sovereign, may declare to be " The
ensigns armorial of the principality of Wales" This would imply the
marshalling these " arms of Wales" upon the shield of the " Prince of
Wales," now and for all time ; and every question as to the " arms of
Wales" would finally be set at rest.

The Society of Antiquaries has recently printed three rolls of arms,
edited with great care and ability by Mr. W. S. Walford, F.S.A., and
Dr. C. P. Percival, F.S.A., of which rolls the earliest is assigned by
those gentlemen to about a.d. 1280, the other two being not quite so
early, but not later than the reign of Edward I. In the first of these
rolls, immediately following a series of eighteen imperial and royal
shields and the banners of the Knights Templars and Hospitallers,
and taking precedence of the arms of fifty-four counts and seven
dukes, with those of many other personages of lower degree, is the
following entry : —

" Llewellin ap Griffith, — escartelle d'or et gules, 4 leons de Vun
et Vautre^

In the third of these Rolls, the seventh entry is as follows : —

thlin (probably for Llewellin) ap Griffid, — Quarterly or and

gules, 4 lions statant guardant counterchanged. The six shields which
precede this in the Roll are for the Kings of England and Scotland,
the Earl Waren, and the Earls of Hereford, Lancaster, and Warwick.
In the same roll, the 26th entry gives this same shield, differenced

XXXVl

by azure taking the place of gules, for David ap Griffid. Also, the
second and the third of these rolls respectively give, Or, a lion ram-
pant gules, to Jevan ap Griffid, and Griffid ap Wenunwyn ; and for
Owen ap Griffid, the second Roll gives. Gules, a cross or between four
eagles displayed argent. The first of these EoUs— a copy written in
1606 by Nicholas Charles, Lancaster Herald — is in the Harleian MS.,
No. 6,589. The second Roll is in the possession of the Society of
Antiquaries; and there also exists a copy in Harl. MS., No. 6,137.
The third Roll, formerly in the possession of Sir Richard St. George,
is now known to exist only in two copies, Harl. MSS., 6,137, and
6 589. You will have observed, that in the earliest of these records
the attitude of the four lions is not specified ; but it may be assumed
that they are not rampant, since in other entries in the same Roll the
word " rampant " is added when the lion is weU known to be a lion
rampant, as in the Royal Shield of Scotland. The blazon in the third
Roll, 1 think, will justify the assumption that the four lions of the
first Roll are also lions " statant guardant^\ Three centuries later, we
find these lions in closer conformity with the lions of England, passant
guardant. I prefer the earlier blazon for the Arms of Wales, — each
of the four lions standing with his four feet firmly planted on the
field, and looking out, dignified and calm, from the shield. This
quarterly marshalling with counterchanged tinctures would symbolize
North Wales and South Wales in true heraldic fashion, the old dis-
tinction between the two and their present union being equally
represented. But Powys-land must also have similar honourable re-
cognition and representation. This would be effected by placing
the shield quarterly of North and South Wales in the first and fourth
grand quarters of a shield, and the Powys lion rampant in the second
and third grand quarters : in which case the blazon would be — Quar-
terly of Grand Quarters, 1 and 4, Quarterly or and gules, four lio7is
statant guardant counterchanged, for North Wales and South Wales :
2 and 3, Or, a lion rampant gules, for Powys-land. I thus have
sought the blazonry of the " Arms of Wales", exclusively from entries
in early heraldic Rolls of the arms of Welsh Princes, without any
reference to the second shield — so decided in its distinct individu-
ality— of that renowned English Prince of Wales, Edward, the Black
Prince. Had the eldest son of Edward III, thoughtful herald as
he was, given the slightest intimation of any association between
his second shield and his principality, I should not have failed to have
claimed for the ostrich-feather shield its presence, in alliance with his
Principality of Wales, upon the shield of the Prince of Wales of
to-day. It would have formed a truly splendid B\i\Q[A— Quarterly of
four grand quarters: 1 and 4, Quarterly or and gules, four lions
statant guardant counterchanged,- — for North Wales and South
Wales : 2 and 3, Or, a lion rampant gules, for Powys-land : over all,
an inescutcheon sable, charged with three ostrich-feathers argent, for
Edward, the " Black Prince", Prince of Wales, and his successors,
Heirs Apparent, and Princes of Wales. But the Black Prince has

I given no sign of any connection whatever between his principality and
his ostrich-feather shield " for peace". And, I must add, that the

XXXVll

Shield of arms, as suggested in the text for Wales.

nection with the principality of Wales, notwithstanding their intimate
association with the Prince of Wales in his capacity as Heir Appa-
rent. I am tempted here to add, if I am not able to suggest the
presence of the " shield for peace" of the Black Prince in pretence
upon the shield of Wales, that I am disposed to consider the shield
of Wales might rightly be charged in pretence with a silver ines-
cntcheon bearing the red dragon^ the characteristic device of more than
one early native Welsh Prince.

The shield of the Prince op Wales never ought to be marshalled
without his arms as " Prince of Wales". When the insignia of the other
dignities of His Koyal Highness are not displayed, the shield should
be marshalled with the arms of the principality of Wales charged
in an inescutcheon upon the shield of the Heir Apparent. In order to
avoid the repetition of inescutcheons, when the insignia of all the
dignities of His Royal Highness are displayed, the arms of the prin-
cipality must be marshalled in the first quarter of the inescutcheon,
that they may have that precedence which is rightly their own. The
inescutcheon upon the shield of the Heir Apparent, accordingly, would
be marshalled thus : — 1. Wales ; 2. Cornwall ; 3. Rothsay ; 4.
Chester; 5. Carrick; 6. Dublin; 7. Isles; and, over all, Saxony.
The Prince's Barony of Renfrew ought also to be represented.

When borne alone, and as the arms of the Principality, the shield
of Wales ought to be encircled by the garter of the illustrious order,
since, in the roll of the knights, the name of the Prince of Wales
always stands first. The shield thus environed would be ensigned
with the helm and coronet of the Prince, and with the proper crest
of Wales, a red dragon^ its tail nowed^ as it appears upon the seal of
Owen Glendower — that red dragon of Wales which was held iu such

xxxviu

high honour by Henry VII. As supporters, I suggest a golden lion
rampant guardant, and a red dragon segreant respectively, for the dexter
and the sinister sides of the shield. But, when the arms of Wales
are marshalled in their own first quarter of the inescutcheon of the
Prince with the insignia of the other dignities of his Royal Highness,
and the inescutcheon is charged in pretence upon the differenced
royal shield of the Heir Apparent, the supporters would be the sup-
porters of the royal shield of England differenced with the silver label
of the Prince ; and the crest of England with the same difiference
would have by its side the dragon-crest of Wales.

I cannot consider it necessai-y to adduce any argument in support
of the claim of Wales to have its own arms officially recognised by
the highest authority, and duly borne by the Prince of Wales : but
I may remark, that the royal armoury of the Heir Apparent to the
crown of these realms signally fails both to do justice and to render
becoming honour to itself, so long as the shield of the Prince of Wales
is permitted to remain without the arms of the fair principality
which gives His Royal Highness his distinctive title.

I am, my dear Sir,

Faithfully yours,

Charles Boutell.

P.S. — I have much pleasure in adding, in the form of a postscript,
the substance of a passage which occurs in the number of the new
weekly serial, the " King of Arms," published on Saturday last, in an
article on " The Royal Ostrich Feathers Badge borne by the Prince of
Wales."

" It has been shown that the Ostrich Feathers are not the * Crest '
of Wales ; nor are they the * Crest,' but they are the ' Badge ' of the
Prince of Wales, by his Royal Highness borne as Heir Apparent, and
without any association with his title of * Prince of Wales' derived
from his Principality of Wales. His Principality, consequently, has
neither directly nor indirectly given to the Priuce of Wales his
Ostrich Feather Badge. This, however, does not by any means
imply that the Prince may not concede to his Principality a right to
associate his ostrich feathers with the armorial insignia of Wales.
Should it be the pleasure of his Royal Highness, the armorial shield of
the Principality of Wales might have its lion and dragon supporters,
each holding erect a single ostrich feather, without either coronet or
difference, but with the motto ICH DIEN upon an escroll. Thus,
while reviving an early usage. Heraldry would draw more closely the
tie that unites the Prince with the Principality of Wales."

Nov. 17, 1873. C. B.

XXXIX

%e Articles ^presented to the Powts-land Museum, previotis to the
Annual Meeting, held in October, 1871, are enumerated in the
" Montgomeryshire Collections," vol. iv, from p. xxix to p. xxxv.
Those jpresented previous to the Annual Meeting, held in October,
1872, are enumerated in vol. v, from p. xxvi to p. xxix. Those
subsequently presented are as follows : —

Ironze : —

Presented by (5)* Rev. D. P. Lewis (1873).
2. Processional cross found in Guilsfield (see Mont. Coll., vol. vi,
). 407). It has been suggested it may have surmounted a mon-
brance or a shrine.

A curious bronze cross was exhibited by Lieutenant-Colonel Francis,
of Swansea, for comparison.

Presented by (1) Morris 0. Jones, F.S.A. (1873).

68. Massive ring in bronze found in a Roman vase (with nu-
lerous small coins) in the ancient amphitheatre of Aosta, about the

rear 1857.

69. Bronze celt found at Rhual near Mold (much corroded).

70. Card containing Bronze key.

71.

Early key of the fourteenth or fifteenth
century.

72.

Roman fibula.

73.

Pilgrim's token.

74.

})

Anglo-Saxon brooch.

75.

Ancient pin.

76.

Boss of ancient shield.

77.

Ancient lancet.
„ armlet.

78 to 80.

Three other articles.

SOther Metai

, : —

81. Card containing 17 mediaeval leaden seals or tokens bearing
difierent devices.

„ 14 mediaeval leaden seals from Brough.

The impression of several like the devices in the Mathraval mould,
see supra, p. 217.

82. Ancient spur found in Parliament Fields, Liverpool.

83. Ancient Javelin, from Carnarvon Castle.
85. Small leaden vase found in Cambridgeshire.

* Each donor's name has a large number prefixed, and each of his dona-
[tions is numbered consecutively with a small number. This is done for the
identification of each of the donations when they shall be properly arranged
thereafter.

86. Two specimens of African money, resembling and intended
for comparison with, the ancient torques or penannular rings found
at Llanrhaiadr (see Mont Coll.f vol. iv, p. 247).

Presented by Thomas Gbiffith Jones.
A side-arm or dagger 18 inches long, haft 6 inches, and blade 12
inches, having on the blade the monogram " R.W. and M.B."
underneath a crown ; and Captain Benjamin Davies, 168-, having a
handle of neatly carved ivory with brass mountings. Found at
Trewylan farm in the parish of Llansantffraid.

Stone Implements, &c. : —

Presented by (1) Morris C. Jones, F.S.A. (1873).

87. Stone hammer found in Cambridgeshire.

88. Three polished stone celts.

89. Three pounding stones used in ancient mines in Anglesea.
Spherical stone containing fossil.

90. Series of flint implements, attached to five cards ; collected
by Mr. Edward Tindal in the East Riding of Yorkshire, compris-

ng cores, flakes, arrow points in various shapes, scrapers, knives,
thumb flints, chisels, spearheads, &c.

Presented by (57) the Earl .op Powis (1873).

1. Roman lithic mortarium found at Dyer's Farm, Pool Quay
(see Mont. Coll., vol. vi, p. 431).

A similar example is in Shrewsbury Museum, and was found at
Uriconium. It is not so perfect in shape.

Presented by (7) Edward Hamer (1873).

7. A flint knife found in 1873 upon Glanrafon grounds in the
parish of Trefeglwys.

8. A spherical stone found in the Castle Field, Caersws, while
excavating the line of railway from Caersws to Camo. It is thought
to be artificial.

9. A round stone with a protuberance on either side.

10. A flat circular stone, picked up on the mountain near Llyn
Mawr, Llanwnog, by Mr. Richard Brown, Llanidloes.

Presented by (58) Major W. Corbett of Vaynor (1873).
^ 1. Three large recumbent effigies in white marble of the begin-
ning of the seventeenth century ; one male figure in armour, and
two female figures, probably members of the family of Pryce of
Vaynor, whose heiress married an ancestor of Devereux, Viscount
Hereford. An account of these will be given in a future volume.

Presented by (59) Rev. T. H. Evans, Vicar of Llanwddyn (1873).

1. Quern found at Llanwddyn, nether and upper stones.

Presented by (60) E. S. R. Trevor, of Penylan (1873).

1. Slate mould for casting leaden tokens (see Mont. Coll.f vol. vi,
p. ^17).

xli

Presented by (9) W. Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S. (1873).

2. Model of a quoit-like disc of green stone found near Cor wen.

3. Flint chippings from Cisbury Fort (see Archceologia.)

Presented by (28) H. W. Lloyd (1873).

3. Four pieces of tessellated pavement picked up at Caerwent
(Isca Silurium of the Romans), near Chepstow.

Coins found in Montgomeryshire : —

Presented by (61) Mrs. Eddowes, Welshpool (1873).

Two silver coins, one found near the Bowling-green, Welshpool,
when the Cambrian Railway was being made ; and the other found
opposite the Cross Foxes Inn, High Street, Welshpool.

1. Silver penny of Edward III — Ohv. + Edwar. Angl. R. Dns.
Hyh.—Bev. " Civitas London". Ending^ vol. ii, p. 307 ; also plate
iii, fig. 16.

2. Shilling of James I. Ohv. Jacobus D. G. Mag. Brit. ( )

— Bev. A harp crowned (legend illegible). Buding^ vol. ii, p. 388 ;
also, vol. iii, part ii, plate v, fig. 7, note 6.

3. Roman coin, 1st brass of Nero Claudius Drusus — much worn ;
found in Maes Quastad, near Powis Castle Park.

Other Coins : —

Presented by (1) Morris C. Jones, F.S.A. (1873).
Coins — Roman, from the Amphitheatre at Aosta.

91. Gallienus, third brass (27) ; 92. CI. Gothicus, third brass
(16) ; 93. Uncertain, second and third brass (8); 94. Solonina, wife of
Gallienus, third brass (4) ; 95. Aurelianus, third brass (4) ; 96.
Valens, third brass (2) ; 97. Constantino, Junr., third brass (1) ;
98. Postumus, third brass (1) ; 99. Probus, third brass (2) j 100.
Pesuvius Tetricus, third brass (1).

Other Roman Coins : —

101. Alexander; 102. Alexander, second brass; 103. Julia Mam -
msea (M. of Alexander) ; 104. Julia Mammaea ; 105. Trajanus
Decius; (106.) Valerianus, third brass; (107.) Gratianus, a.d.
367, second brass; (108). Gratianus, third brass; (109). Galienus,
silver plated; (110). Constantinus Magnus; (111). Constantinus
Magnus; (112). Constans, London; (113). Roman Colonial,
Augustus and Lepidus Nismus; (114). Lucella, wife of L
V ., first brass; (115). Maerinus (M. Spel. Sev.), rare; (116).

Caracalla; (117). Philip, Sen. ; (118). Philip, Sen. ; (119). Philip,
Jun. ; (120). Gordianus Pius; (121). Gordianus Pius, second
brass ; (122). Alexander, five.

Greek and Egyptian Coins : —

(123). Macedonia, Alexander the Great and Seleucus ; (124).
Greco-Egyptian; (12S). Greco- Egyptian, Ptolemy; (126). Greco-
Roman early ; (127). A medal in imitation of a Greek coin.

xlii

English Coins : —

Henry III. (128). Silver penny, Buding, plate ii, fig. 13 ;
(129). Ditto, fig. 18; (130). Ditto, fig. 18.

Edward III. (131). Silver penny, Ohv. + Edwar. Angl. R.
Dns. Hyb. — Bev. Ci vitas London, Ending ^ plate ii, fig. 13 ; (132).
Duplicate; (133). Silver penny, 05v. Same. — Bev. Civitas Cantar ;
(134). Ditto, same; (135). Ditto, same. — Ee?;. " Yill. Nova Castra."

Edward IV. (136). Silver groat, Buding^ pi. v. — Obv. as fig. 2,
a rose on each side the neck M. M., a rose ; (137). Ditto, no rose
on neck; (138). Ditto, roses different, London ; (139). Ditto, same,
Eboraci, York.

Elizabeth (140). Shilling, Buding, plate xii, fig. 1, M. M., a
martlet; (141) Shilling, ditto, plate xiv, fig. 7, M. M., the open
hand, but no mullet.

Charles IL (142). Sixpence, 1669 ; (143). Ditto, 1671; (144).
Groat, 1671 ; (145). Ditto, 1678; (146). Threepence, 1679 ; (147).
Twopence, 1675 ; (148). Threepence, Buding, plate xxxiii, fig.
19; (149). Twopence, ibid. fig. 4 or 5.

James IL (150). Groat, 1687; (151). Ditto, 1687; (152).
Threepence, 1687 ; (153). Twopence, 1687 ; (154). Silver penny,
1686.

William and Mary. (155). Threepence, 1689 ; (156). Ditto,
1690 ; (157). Ditto, 1692 ; (158). Silver penny, 1690.

William in. (159). Sixpence, 1697; (160). Ditto, 1696;
(161), Ditto, 1696.

George II. (162). Sixpence, 1731 ; (163). Ditto, 1757 ; (164).
Groat, 1731 ; (165). Silver penny, 1737 ; (166). 2 groschen
{Brunswick), 1744.

Presented by (78) Edward Griffiths, Newcastle-on-Tyne
(1873).

1. Four ancient Northumbrian coins, portion of a number found
in Hexham Church, Northumberland, in 1832.

Presented by (62) Anonymous (1873).

Series of English copper and bronze coins, viz. : —

Charles II. (Carolus a Carolo). (1). Halfpenny ; (2). Farthing
and (3). Scotch Halfpenny.

James II. (4). Halfpenny.

William III and Mary. (5). Halfpenny and (6). Farthing.

William III (surviving Mary). (7). Halfpenny and (8). Far-
thing.

George I. (9). Halfpenny; (10). Farthing and (11). Irish
Halfpenny.

George II. (12). Halfpenny (early) ; (13). Ditto (late) ; (14).
Farthing (early); (15). Ditto (late); (16). Irish Halfpenny
(early) ; (17). Ditto (late) and (18). Farthing.

George IIL (19). Twopenny piece; (20). Penny, 1787-99;
(21). Ditto, 1806-7 ; (22). Halfpenny, 1771-5 ; (23). Ditto, 1797-9 ;

xliii

'(24). Ditto, 1806-7; (25). Farthing, 1771-5; (26). Farthing,
1797-9; (27). Farthing, 1806; (28). Irish Penny; (29). Irish
Halfpenny, 1766-9 ; (30). Ditto, 1775-83 ; (31). Ditto, 1805 ; (32).
Irish Farthing.

George IV. (33). Penny; (34). Halfpenny; (35). Farthing,
1822-5 ; (36). Ditto, 1826-8 ; (37). Irish Penny and (38). Irish
Halfpenny.

William IV. (39). Penny ; (40). Halfpenny and (41). Farthing.

Victoria. (42). Penny ; (43). Halfpenny and (44). Farthing ;
(45). Bronze Penny ; (46). Halfpenny and (47). Farthing.

Presented by (67) Joseph Humphreys (1873).

Sixty local tokens, viz. : —

1. Ohv. Halfpenny, Camac Kyun and Camac, H.M.C. — Bev. Fig.
of Britannia, Legend, "Incorporated by Act of Parliament," 1700.

2. Obv. A Bishop's side face, " Success to the Yorkshire Woollen
Manufactory." — Bev. " Leeds Halfpenny," 1792 — View of Leeds "
Cloth Hall. On rim, payable at H. Brownhill's, silversmith.

3. Obv. Thames and Severn Canal, mdccxcv. — Severn Boat on
Sail. — Bev. View of one entrance into the Tunnel. On rim, pay-
able at Brimscombe Port.

4. Obv. Macclesfield — " R. & Co.," surmounted by a Beehive. —
Bev. A Female Figure and Mining Tools, Halfpenny, 1780. On
rim, payable at Macclesfield, Liverpool, and Congleton.

5. Obv. Macclesfield — " R. & Co.," surmounted by a Demi Lion
ramp. — Bev. Three Towers, Promissory Halfpenny, payable at
E. W. N. S.

6. Obv. Carmarthen Ironworks Halfpenny — A Forge. — Bev.
Kidwelly, Whitland, Blackpool, and Gwndwyfron Forges — J.
Morgan. On rim, payable in London, Bristol, and Caermarthen.

7. Obv. Charles Rowe established the Copper Works, 1758 — A
Head. — Bev. A Female Figure and Mining Tools, Macclesfield
Halfpenny, 1791. On rim, payable at Macclesfield, Liverpool, or
Congleton.

8. Obv. A Head, Greneral Elliot. — Bev. A Fleur-de-lis, Birming-
ham Halfpenny, 1792. On rim, payable at Henry Bigo's, Moore
Street.

9. Obv. Shakespear's Head, Warwickshire. — Bev. Emblems of
Commerce and Plenty, Halfpenny, 1791.

10. Obv. A Man carrying a Bale of Goods, Manchester Half-
penny, 1793. — Bev. Arms, a Lion ramp. betw. 3 Fleur-de-lis, Motto
" sic donee," Success to Navigation.

11. Obv. An Elephant and Castle, Coventry Halfpenny. — Bev.
Figure of " Lady Godiva," "pro bono publico," 1792. On rim,
Nuneaton, Bedworth, and Hinkley.

12. Obv. Figure of Wellington, " Wellington Hispaniamet Lusi-
taniam restituit." — Bev. Ciudad Rodrigo, January 19, 1812; Badajoz,
April 2, 1812; Vimiera, August 21, 1808; Talavera, July 28, 1809 ;
Alneida, May 5, 1811 ; Salamanca, July 22, 1812; Madrid, August
12, 1812.

xliv

13. Ohv. A Woolsack, " Salop Woollen Manufactory."— Ee v.
Shield, " Three Leopards' Heads," " Shrewsbury" 1793 Halfpenny.

14. 'ohv. Head, " Sir Isaac Newton." — Bev. A Cornucopia, &c.,
Halfpenny, 1793.

15. Ohv. East India House.— Eev. E. I. C. Arms, God grant
Grace, Halfpenny, 1793.

16. Ohv. Head, " Dr. Samuel Johnson." — Eev. Three Lions
ramp. Promissory Halfpenny, payable at (on rim) Lichfield, Birm-
ingham, and Wolverhampton,

17. Ohv. Figure, Neptune, " Nun quamArescere," MDCCXCi. — Rev.
A Tree and Fish in a Shield, " Let Glasgow flourish."

18. Ohv. Head, " J. Lackington, Finsbury Square," 1795. — Rev.
Figure, Fame blowing a Trumpet, " Halfpenny of Lackington, Allen
and Co., cheapest Booksellers in the World."

19. Ohv. Bridge, "Ironbridge and Coalbrook Dale, 1792, erected
Anno 1789, span 100 feet. — Eev. Engine Inclined Plane at Ketley,
1789.

20. Ohv. A Druid's Head, surmounted by a wreath. — Rev. R. N. G,
« Halfpenny, North Wales, 1793."

21. Ohv. Head.— Eev. A Welsh Harp, " Halfpenny, North Wales,
1793."

22. Ohv. A Druid's Head, surmounted by a wreath, on rim, pay-
able in Anglesey, London, or Liverpool. — Rev. P. M. Co., 1788,
*' The Anglesey Mines Halfpenny."

23. Ohv. Female Head, "Princess of Wales." — Rev. Prince of
Wales's Feathers, out of a Coronet, " Halfpenny, 1795."

24. Ohv. Head, "John Wilkinson, Ironmaster." — Rev. Device,
"1793."

25. Ohv. A Ship, " Liverpool Halfpenny." — Rev. Arms, " Deus
nobis heec otia fecit," 1 791.

26. Ohv. Female Negro's Head, " I serve." — Rev. Pine Apple,
" Barbadoes Penny," 1788,

27. Ohv. Head, Earl Howe and the glorious 1st of June. — Rev.
Britannia, " Rule Britannia."

28. Ohv. "R. & Co., Macclesfield."— i2ev. Female Figure and
Mining Tools, "Halfpenny, 1789."

29. Ohv. Head, " John Wilkinson, Ironmaster." — Rev. Device,
Vulcan, "Halfpenny, 1791," Bradley, Willey, Snedshill, Bersham.

30. Ohv. Head, " John Wilkinson, Ironmaster." — Rev. A Ship,*
"1788" (same on rim).

* It has been said that the barge of John Wilkinson was the first vessel
of iron ever constructed. In the Shrewsbury Chronicle of 1st. Nov., 1788,
appears the following — " The iron barge, built by John Wilkinson, Esq., was
lately launched at Willey Wharf, to the admiration of some, the surprize of
many, and conviction of all ; it was perfectly light, moves very easy on the
water, and draws about eight inches, with every etc. on board. It was im-
mediately freighted with iron for Stourport, where its arrival gained the
attention of all that place." This token is scarce if in good condition. A
few were also struck in fine silver, which are remarkably rare.

xlv

31. Obv. Arms, ** Industry has its sure Reward." — Bev. Device,
I" Birmingham Halfpenny."

32. Obv. East India Mark (E. V. I. C), payable at Jn. Fielding's,
Grocer and Teadealer. — Rev. Manchester Arms, " God grant
grace," "Manchester Promissory Halfpenny, 1793."

33. Obv. King William on Horseback, " Gulielmus Tertius Rex,
MDCLXXXix. — Bev. Arms, "Hull Halfpenny, 1791."

34. Obv. A Female Figure, seated on a rock, supporting a bundle
of rods bound together on her left knee, " Birmingham Mining and
Copper Co., 1792." — Bev. An Ibis or Crane standing on a Cornu-
copia, Halfpenny, payable at (on rim) Birmingham, Redruth, Swan-
sea; and seven planetary signs.

35. Obv. Figure, a Bishop in full length and a Lamb, "Artis
nostra conditor." — Bev. A Fleece in a Shield, " Leeds Halfpenny,
1791."

36. Obv. Figure, St. Andrew and his Cross, surrounded by
Thistles, " li^emo me impune lacessit, 1791." — Bev. Arms, "Edin-
burgh Halfpenny."

37. Obv. Device, Emblems of Masonry in a Triangle, " Wisdom,
Strength, and Beauty," " Sit lux et lux fuit." — Bev. Arms, with
supporters, "Amor, Honor, et Justitia," "Prince of Wales, elected
G.M. 24th November, 1790, on rim. Masonic Token, J. Scethley
fecit, 1794.

38. Obv. A Loom.— i?ev. Arms, "Rochdale Halfpenny, 1792."

39. Obv. Head, " John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster." — Rev.
Arms, " Lancaster Halfpenny, 1790."

40. Obv. Head, "Frederick, Duke of York," "Halfpenny,
l7\)5."-~Rev. A Ship, " The Wood Walls of Old England," payable
at London.

41. Obv. "Botanic Garden," " He spake of trees from the Cedar
Tree that is in Lebanon," "Bath Token, 1794."— Bet;. A Device,
Ruins of a Castle, Trees, &c., " Even unto the hyssop that springeth
out of the Wall."— 1 Kings, Chap, iv, 33.

42. Obv. Device, Hands across an Olive Branch, " Arte favente
nil desperandum." — Rev. Bale of Goods, "Leek Commercial Half-
penny, 1793."

43. Obv. " W. P. & Lamb," " Romney Marsh Halfpenny, 1794."
—Rev. Figure, Justice, " For the honor and use of trade."

44. Obv. St. Patrick's Head, " Cronbane Halfpenny."— i2et;.
Arms, " Associated Irish Mine Co., 1798."

45. Obv. Device, A view of St. Paul's and a Female Figure sup-
porting the City Arms, " B. Constitution King, Lords, Commons."
— Rev. "Britannia, *' Sise-lane Halfpenny, 1795."

46. Obv. Device, "Norwich Halfpenny, 1792."— i^er. Arms,
" Success to the City of Norwich."

47. Obv. Head, "Yorkshire Halfpenny, 1793.''— Rev, Arms, "pay-
able in Sheffield."

48. Obv. Head, "John Howard, F.R.S."—i?ey. Monogram, 1792,
" Birmingham Promissory Halfpenny."

xlvi

49. 05t>. Device, "Rochdale, 1791."— i2ev. Device, "Halfpenny."

60. Ohv. Monogram.— i2et^. Arms, "Stafford, 1797."

61. Ohv. One Penny Token, "For public accommodation, 1813."
Rev. Device, " Payable at the Cotton Works, Newcastle."

52. Obv. Head, " John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster." — Rev. Arms,
"Sic Donee," Success to Navigation (on rim), payable at Thomas
Ball, Sleaford.

63. Obv. Device, "Withymoor Scythe Works, One Penny, 1813."
— Rev. Device, " One pound note for 240 tokens, payable by Jas.
Griffin & Sons."

64 Obv. Prince of Wales's Feathers, " Ich Dien," "Birmingham
and South Wales." — Rev. Crest, " Copper Token, One Penny."

65. Ohv. Head, " South Wales Farthing."— i^et?. Prince of Wales's
Feathers, "Pro bono publico, 1793."

66. Obv. Head, "North Wales Farthing."— i^ev. Prince of
Wales's Feathers, " Pro bono publico, 1793."

67. Obv. Head, " George, Prince of Wales." — Rev. Prince of
Wales's Feathers, "Ich Dien," Halfpenny, 1794 (on rim) Warley
Camp Halfpenny.

68. Obv. Device, 1812 Union Copper Co., Birmingham, 1812."
— Rev. One Penny Token, payable in Cash Notes.

69. Obv. W. H., "Penny."— i^ev. Arms, "Stafford, 1801,"
(on rim) payable by Hirton & Co."

60. Obv. Device, "Flint Lead Works, 1813."— i?et;. "One Penny
Token, One Pound Note for 240 Tokens."

Ancient China : —

Presented by (1) Morris C. Jones, F.S.A. (1873).

167. A china armorial circular dish, fourteen inches in diameter,
with the arms of the Rebow family emblazoned thereon, and filling the
centre. Arms, gu., two long bows bent and interlaced in saltire or,
stringed ar., between three bezants, each charged with a fleur-de-lis
az. Crest, a demi- eagle, displayed, issuing out of a mural coronet
or, on the breast a bezant charged with a fleur-de-lis az., in the
beak an arrow of the second, headed and feathered ar.

Miscellaneous : —

Presented by (63) Charles Watkin Williams Wtnn, M.P.
(1873).

1. Morocco case containing, under plate glass, impressions of the
four seals of the Duchy of Lancaster.

Presented by (1) Morris C. Jones, F.S.A. (1873).

168. Cinerary urn in crushed state, found in a recumbent posi-
tion in a tumulus near Tremeichion, July 1870, with its cinerary
contents, and fragments of other urns previously found.

Presented by (79) Rev. F. W. Parker, M.A.
1 and 2. Two oak carvings found in Moughtre Church during its

xlvii

restoration ; one being of our Saviour. They were concealed on
the top of the wall plate.

Presented by (21) Rev. Augustus Field, M.A. (1873).

2. A hair-curling instrument, with potter's mark, W. N.

3. A tobacco-pipe with potter's mark.

4. A piece of old gun-barrel. H

5. Fragments of glass bottle with medallion, bearing i s.

The last four articles were found on the site of Pool Quay Vicarage.

6. A similar medallion bearing " Llanvorda," found at Elm Cot-
tage, Welshpool.

Presented by (74) John Hilditch Evans (1873).
1 . Two ancient encaustic tiles of a very early date found during
the restoration of Pershore Church, Worcestershire.

Presented by (64) Rev. E. B. Cockayne Frith, B.A. (1873).

1. An ancient Triptych, with painting, subject — " Our Lord
appearing to Mary after the Resurrection," having arms in corner,
gu., three chevronels, ar.

Presented by (65) The Yicar and Churchwardens of the parish of

Meifod.

1 to 3. Three hatchments of the Mytton family.

Presented by (66) the Vicar and Churchwardens of the parish of

Guilsjfield.

1. Hatchment of the family of Lloyd of Trowscoed.

2. Hatchment of the family of Jukes of Trelydan.

Presented by (67) Joseph Humphreys (1873).

61. Bottle, containing earth from the Caverns of the early Chris-
tians, near Rome, Dec. 2, 1846.

62. Bottle, containing earth from the Tomb of St. Cecilia, Rome.

63. Bottle, containing earth out of the Amphora in Diomed's
cellar, Pompeii, Dec. 2, 1846.

64. Bottle, containing Mosaics from the floor of Caracalla's bath
at Rome, Nov. 1846.

Presented by (68) Mrs. Clarke, of Huddersfield (1873).

1. A mammoth tooth found at the stone quarry in Welshpool.

2. Human teeth taken from skeletons found at Buttington.

Presented by (1) Morris C. Jones, F.S.A. (1873).
169. A large folio photographic album for the Powys-land Club.
Drawings, Photographs, Engravings, &c. : —

Presented by (30) David Walker (1873).

1 . A drawing of the Rood Screen in Llananno Church, Radnor-
shire.

2. Ditto of details.

xlviii

Presented by (57) the Earl of Powis (1873).
2. A lithograph on large paper of the Herbert Monument in
Lymore Chapel, in Montgomery Church.

Presented by (76) C. T. Ramagb, LL.D. (1873).
1. Lithographed facsimile of an unpublished MS. poem of Burns.
Presented by (76) Sampson S. Lloyd (1873).

1. Emblazoned Shield of Arms of the Lloyds of Dolobran of 15
quarterings, impaling a coat of the Stanley family of 6 quarterings,
copied from a panel taken down from Dolobran Hall in 1773, and
believed to be still in existence.

Presented by (77) Martin Underwood (1873).

1. Series of twenty lithographs of Castles, &c., of Denbighshire.

Presented by (1) Morris C. Jones (1873).

170. " The Village Churches of Denbigh," by Lloyd Williams and
Underwood, numerous lithographs.

171. An engraved portrait of Edward Herbert, 2nd Earl of
Powis, Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire.

1 72. An engraved portrait of Archdeacon Clive, formerly Yicar
of Welshpool.

Presented by (80) Edward Maurice Jones, Severn Street,
Welshpool (1873).

1. An engraved portrait of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart,
(who died in 1749).

2. An engraved portrait of the Right Hon. Charles Watkin
Williams Wynn, M.P. for Montgomeryshire from 1799 to 1850.

Presented by (53) Arthur Charles Humphreys (1873).

2. An engraved portrait of Edward Johnes, Esq., M.D. (who
died 1846), from a painting by Jones, of Chester.

3. An engraved portrait of Vice-Admiral Sir Edward William
Campbell Rich. Owen, G.C.B., G.C.H., of the family Owen of
Glan Severn ; from a portrait by Pickersgill.

N.B. — It is wished to form in the Powys-land Museum a collection of
engraved portraits of Montgomeryshire Worthies. Donations of
such portraits to the Museum are respectfully requested.

Presented by (81) the Rev. Charles Boutell, M.A.

Rubbings of the following monumental brasses, as specimens of
the different periods : —

1 . Sir Roger de Trumpington, Trumpington Church, Cambridge-
shire, outline facsimile, traced from a rubbing, shewing the lines in
black upon a white ground, a.d. 1289.

2. Sir Robert de Barnes, Acton Church, Suffolk, a.d. 1302.
(Rubbing).

3. Sir — de FitzRalph, Pebmarsh Church, Essex, c. ad. 1320.
(Rubbing).

..tr^^^lJ^^^''^^ ^® Fellbrigge, Playford Church, Suffolk, a.d.
1415. (Rubbing).

xlix

5 & 6. Swynborne Brass, Little Hokenley Church, Essex, a.d.
1391-1412. The heads of the 2 effigies. (Rubbing).

7. Sir Wm. Cheyne, Drayton Beauchamp Church, Bucks, a.d.
1375. (Rubbing).

8. And a few details.

9. Series of photographs from the Shields of Arms upon the
monument of Queen Elizabeth in Westminister Abbey. The photo-
graphs have actually been taken from casts of the original shields,
taken by Mr. L. Berrington one of the Vergers of the Abbey.
The 4 larger shields are Wales, Cornwall, Chester, and Ireland.
The smaller shields represent the line of royal descent from Wil-
liam I to Queen Elizabeth.

Books : —
Presented by (48) Charles Perin Smith, the author (1873).

2. Lineage of the Lloyd and Carpenter Families, compiled from au-
thentic sources, full bound, and with lettered presentation.

Presented by (69) Frank Nevett, Salop (1873).

1. The Garrisons of Shropshire, 1642-48, by Mrs. Acton Scott.

2. The Castles and Old Mansions of Shropshire, 1142-1660, by
ditto.

Presented by (70) John Evans, F.R.S., the author (1873).
1. Ancient Stone implements of Great Britain.

Presented by (71) John Reed Appleton, F.S.A. (1873).

1. Lecture by J. H. Parker, Esq., on the Ashmolean Museum, its
history, present state, and prospects.

Presented by (45) the Society in Exchange (1873).

2. Journal of the British Archaeological Association, vol, xxviii,
and part 1 & 2 of vol. xxix.

Presented by (46) the Society (1873).

2. Transactions of the Surrey Archaeological Society, vol. vi, p. 1.

Presented by (72) the Yorkshire Arckeological and Topo-
graphical Association in Exchange (1873).

The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, vols,
i &ii.

Presented by (25) the Society (1873).

3. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London, vol. v,
parts 3 to 6, vol. vi, part 1.

Presented by (73) the Society in Exchange (1873).

1. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland,
vol. ix, p. 1.

Presented by (64) Rev. E. B. Cockayne Frith (1873).

2. Nelson's Festivals in Welsh.

Presented by (29) W. W. E. Wynne (1873).
Pedigree of the family of Wynne, of Peniarth (privately printed).

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF DONORS OF ARTICLES
THE POWYS-LAND MUSEUM,
Up to 1st October, 1873.

Antiquaries, Society of, London,
25.

Antiquaries, Society of, Scotland,
73.

A Lady, 36.

Anonymous, 62.

Appleton, John Reed, F.S.A., 71.

Bennett, Nicholas, 54.

Boutell, Rev. Charles, 81.

British Archaeological Associa-
tion, 45.

Clarke, Mrs., 68.

Corrie, Miss, 37.

Corbett, Major, 58.

Davies, Rev. John, 38.

Davies, J. Pryce, 23.

.Dawkins, W. Boyd, F.R.S., 9.

Eddowes, Mrs., 61.

Edwards, Rev. Griffith, 8.

Evans, Mrs. Moses, 39.

Evans, The Misses, 13.

Evans, John, F.R.S., 70.

Evans, John Hilditch, 74.

Evans, J. Reginald, 22.

Evans, Rev. T. H., 59.

Field, Rev. Augustus, 21.

Fisher, William, 6.

Frith, Rev. E. B. C, 64.

Gillart, Richard, 16.

Gough, E. Powell, 55.

Griffiths, Edward, 78.

Griffithes, Miss, 52.

Guilsfield, Vicar and Church-
wardens of, Q6.

Hamer, Edward, 7.

Hancock, T. W., 10.

Hargreaves, William, 24.

Harrison, R. J., 35.

Hill, Rev. J. E., 19.

Humphrey, Arthur Charles, 53.

Humphreys, Joseph, 67.

Jones, Charles, 43.

Jones, Edward Maurice, 80.

Jones, John, 20.

Jones, Rev. Joseph, 42.

Jones, Morris C, 1.

Jones, T. G., 26.

Latting, J. J., 49.

Lewis, Rev. D. P., 5.

Lloyd, Sampson S., 76.

Lloyd, Howell W., 28.

Lloyd, Rev. W. V., 27.

London and Middlesex Archaeo-
logical Society, 44.

Luxmoore, Miss, 4.

Marshall, Rev. H. J., 56.

Matthews, Miss, 14.

Meifod, Vicar and Churchwar-
dens of, 65.

Morris, E. Rowley, 2.

Morris, William, 12.

Morris, Thomas, 47.

Nevett, Frank, 69.

Owen, Rev. Elias, 34.

Parker, Rev. F. W., 79.

Parry, Henry, 15

Price, Benjamin, 31 .

Powis, The Earl of, 57.

Ramage, C. T., 75.

Read, Captain Crewe, 17

Rees, William, 50.

Salter, Edward, 51.

Sayce, Miss, 41.

Smith, Charles Perin, 48.

Surrey Archeeological Society, 46.

Trevor, E. S. R., 60.

Tumbull, Dr., 40.

Turner, Rev. J. J., 11.

Underwood, Martin, 77.

Walker, David, 30.

Williams, Rev. John, 32.

Williams, J. Graham, 3.

Williams, Richard, 18.

Wynn, C. W. W., 63.

Wynne, W. W. E., 29.

Yorkshire Archaeological and To-
pographical Society, 72.

I^B The following Documents ^ and Articles were exhibited at the Sixth
^^B Annual Meeting : —

Exhibited by Charles Watkin Williams Wynn, Esq., M.P.

8 March, 36 George III. — Letters patent under the great seal appointing
Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., Steward of the Manor and Manors of
Bromfield and Yale, in the county of Denbigh. Salary £20 per annum.

22 Oct., 1796.— Grant from the Crown to C. W. W. Wynn, Esq., of the
office of Steward of the Lordship of Denbigh at his majesty's pleasure.
Salary £¥) per annum.

15 Dec, 1823, 4 George IV. — Letters patent under the sign manual of
George IV, and the great seal of Great Britain and Ireland, appointing the
Right Hon. Charles Watkin Williams Wynn, M.P., President of the Board
of " our Commissioners for the affairs of India (in conjunction with the Rt.
Hon. George Canning, M.P.), to be Plenipotentiaries for arranging certain
matters then in discussion between England and the Netherlands concern-
ing the relations of the two crowns, and the interests of their respective
subjects in India and the Indian Seas."

26 Dec, 1834.— Grant to the Rt. Hon. C. W. W. Wynn of the office of
Chancellor of the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster and Keeper of
the Seals.

Same date. — Licence from the Crown to same to supply vacancies in
Leicester Hospital.

26 Dec, 1834. — Lease from the Crown to the Rt. Hon. Charles Watkin
Williams Wynn, Chancellor of His Majesty's Duchy and County Palatine
of Lancaster, of the issues and profits of the great and small seals of the
duchy during His Majesty's pleasure, yielding a yearly rent of £7.

Same date. — Grant from the Crown to same as chancellor of the said
duchy an additional salary of £1800 per annum.

18 July, 1837.— Grant from the Crown to Rt. Hon. C. W. W. Wynn
of same office at same salary.

Exhibited by Thomas Withy.
A case of American moths, etc., which he intends to present to the
Museum.

Exhibited by William Fisher.

An extensive collection of coins. ,
A poker drawing.

Exhibited by David Walker.

Numerous rough sketches of stones, remains of the abbey church of
Strata Marcella, which were found in a wall at Bank Farm, Pool Quay.

OBITUARY OF MEMBERS OF THE POWYS-LAND CLUB.

1869.
Jan. 29. Chaeles Thomas Woosnam, Esq., Newtown.

May 23. Edward "Williams, Esq., Lloran House, Oswestry.

1870.
May 15. Major-General Charles Thomas Edward Hinde, late of
Plas Madoc, Denbigh sliire.

Oct. 30. Rev. John Edwards, M.A., Rector of Newtown ; Member
of the Council.

Nov. 16. Rev. Harry Longueville Jones, M.A., Editor of ArclKjeo-
logia Cambrensis.

He contributed an article to our third volume, on " The
Antiquities of Montgomeryshire".

Feb. 26. Sir Baldwin; Leighton, Bart., Loton Park, Salop.

Mar. 3. Edward Evans, Esq., Thorneloe House, Worcester.

Mar. 24. Prtce Buckley Williams, Esq., Pennant ; Member of the
Council,

April 24. George Woosnam, Esq., Newtown.

June 21. William Pryce Yearsley, Esq., Welshpool.

July 23. Arthur James Johnes, Esq., Garthmyl.

Dec. 5. John Pryce Drew, Esq., Milford House, Newtown ; Mem-
ber of the Council.

Dec. 12. Rev. Joseph Jones, R.C. Church, Welshpool.

1872.

April 28. Robert Maurice Bonnor Maurice, Esq., Bodynfol.
Sept. 4. Rev. Robert John Harrison, M.A., Ca^rhowel.

HISTOEY OF THE PARISH OF
GAETHBEIBIO.

By the Rev. GRIFFITH EDWARDS, M.A.,

Rector of Llangadfan.

SECTION I.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PARISH. — PEIBIAW, TYDECHO, TRA-
DITIONS AND LEGENDS RESPECTING THEM. — PHYSICAL
FEATURES OF THE PARISH.

This parish is situated on the confines of Merioneth-
shire, and is bounded by the parishes of Mallwyd and
Llanymawddwy in that direction, and Llangadfan and
Llanwddyn in the other. The turnpike road from
Cann Office to Machynlleth, runs through its whole
length from east to west, and it is separated from
Llangadfan by the rivers Banwy and Twrch, and from
Mallwyd and Llanymawddwy by the boundaries which
separate the county of Merioneth from that of Mont-
gomery. It consists of only one township, that of Garth-
beibio ; the area of it is 7200 statute acres, and the gross
estimated rental, according to the valuation lists of
1865, was £1169 per annum; the number of. persons
per acre '05 ; the whole population being 332, and the
gross estimated rental per each person £3 10s. 5d.
The name of the parish is derived from garth, an ancient
British word signifying headland, promontory, or ridge,
and Peihiaw, a British chief, some of whose exploits
have been handed down by traditions of prehistoric
times among the ancient Britons. His name is men-

VOL. VI. B

2 HISTORY OF THE

tioned in tlie Triads, and the following account of him
is found in the lolo Manuscripts.

'^ There were two kings formerly in the isle of Britain, and
their names were Nynniaw and Peibiaw. And as these were
walking in the fields together, on one starry clear night, Nyn-
niaw said to Peibiaw, ' See what a spacious and fine field
I possess/

'' Peibiaw — ' "Where is it ? '

'^ Nynniaw — ' All this sky/

'^ Peibiaw — ^ And do you see what cattle and sheep I have
grazing in your field ? ^

'^ Nynniaw — ^ Where are they ? '

" Peibiaw — ' All the stars which you see, fiery coloured each
one of them, and the moon as a shepherdess watching over
them/

^'Nynniaw — ^ They shall not remain in my field ! '

'' Peibiaw—' They shall/

'' ^ They shall not,' said the other in reply, until it became a
furious quarrel and tumult between them, and in the end they
entered upon an obstinate and protracted war, until the
military power and strength of each were well nigh destroyed
in the contests.

"And Rhitta the giant, king of all Wales, heard what amount
of destruction was caused by those two insane kings, and he
decided upon advancing against them and attacking them ;
and having taken the opinion and voice of the country and his
attendants, they rose and advanced against the two insane
kings, who were causing such devastation and ruin in their
mad designs j and having conquered them, Rhitta cut ofi" their
beards. And when the rest of the eight and twenty kings of
the isle of Britain heard these things, they gathered together
all their forces to revenge the insult done to the two kings,
who had been deprived of their beards, and made an inroad
and assault upon Rhitta the giant and his men. And there
was a sharp and fierce contest between them on both sides;
but Rhitta and his men gained the day. ' This is my spacious
field,' says Rhitta, as he cut ojff the beards of all the other
kings.

" And the kings of all the other countries round about heard
all this, and armed themselves against Rhitta and his men, in
order to revenge the insults shown to those kings who had
been deprived of their beards, and long and obstinate was the
fighting between them ; but Rhitta and his followers gained
the day triumphantly. ' This is my spacious and fair field,'

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 3

says Rhitta, as he and his men cut off the beards of all those
kings. ' These are the animals which grazed in my field/ said
Rhitta, to those insane kings, * and I drove them all out ; they
shall no longer graze on my land/ After that, Rhitta took all
the beards, and made of them a large robe, reaching from his
head to his feet, and he was a man as large as any two men
ever seen. And then he and his country settled an order of
law and justice, which had never been done before, between
king and king, and country and country, in all the isle of
Britain, Ireland, Norway, Germany, France, Spain, and Italy.
And may that order be for ever observed, to prevent such
kings as those mentioned above to go to war without any real
or just cause."— loZo M8S., 193, 605.

An allusion is made to Peibiaw and Nynniaw in the
Mahinogion, where it is stated that both of them were
changed into oxen on account of their sins. — Guest's
Mahinogion, part iv., 349.

All we can gather from these ancient traditions is
the fact that Peibiaw was a chieftain of renown at some
distant period in our history, and resided in the parish
of Garthbeibio. After him, in the sixth century, came
a different character, Tydecho, a saint and an anchorite.
Tydecho was son of Amwn ddu ap Emyr Llydaw, and
cousin to St. Cadfan, with whom he came over to this
country. These left Annorica in company with those
numerous saints who came over into Wales, at the
early part of the sixth century, when their own country
was invaded by the Franks. And as Paris was made
the capital of the kingdom of Clovis in the year 510,
it may be conjectured that the Armorican saints left
their own country soon after that time, owing to the
persecutions and cruelty they suffered at the hands of
the Franks and other savage invaders. Tydecho, with
his sister Tegfedd, settled in the district of Mawddwy,
and founded the churches of Llanymawddwy, Mallwyd,
and Garthbeibio. The two latter were considered then
as chapels belonging to Llanymawddwy. He also
founded the church of Cemmaes, and is its patron saint ;
and there was a chapel, called Capel Tydecho, at one
time in the parish of Llandegfan, in Anglesey, and he

B 2

4 HISTORY OF THE

is supposed to have been the founder of that, and
patron saint of it.^

Maelgwyn Gwynedd, who ascended the throne of his
country in the year 546, was in his youth a dissolute
and immoral character, and hearing of Tydecho's sanc-
tity, and his life of religious retirement, offered him
many insults, and injured him in various ways ; but
the saint retaliated with so many miracles, that Mael-
gwyn was glad to make his peace with him in the end,
by granting him several immunities, and more par-
ticularly by making his land a place of refuge and
sanctuary for malefactors. Tegfedd, sister of Tydecho,
was also forcibly carried away by another chief, called
Cynon ; but he was compelled in a very short time to
restore her uninjured, on account of her brother's
miracles, which so terrified the wicked chief, that he
sent her home ; and in order to make amends for his
conduct, he gave the lands of Garthbeibio towards the
religious establishment which had been set up in the
place by Tydecho. The chief residence of Tydecho was
at Mawddwy, and there are several places in that
neighbourhood which yet bear his name ; such as a
rock, which is called " Tydecho's bed," and a place
called " Tydecho's milking fold."

There are two ancient poems which relate the legend
and miracles of Tydecho ; one of them written by
Dafydd'Llwyd ap Llewelyn ap Gruffydd of Mathafarn,
in the parish of Llanwrin, who flourished about the
year 1480; and the other by one Mathew Bromfield,
a bard who flourished about the year 1550.

Dafydd Llwyd was considered a prophet among his
countrymen, as well as a poet. And it is said that
when the Earl of Eichmond, afterwards Henry VII,
was on his way from Milford, where he had landed, to
Bosworth Field, where he fought against Richard III,
he called at Mathafarn to consult the seer about the
probable result of his expedition. But the bard hesi-
tated to give him any answer at first, and promised to
^ Rees's Welsh Saints; Rowland's Mona Antiqua.

I PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 5

let him know the following day. His wife noticed that
he was in such perplexity, until his mental agony
caused a change in his appearance, and enquired about
the cause of it; and when she knew it, she said,
".What, and you being a bard, a prophet, and a seer,
can you hesitate what answer to give ? Tell him,
without hesitation, that he shall win the throne ; and
if that turns out to be true, your reputation will be
established ; but if not, you need not fear that he will
return this way again to blame you for being a false
prophet." The bard took the advice, and his answer
gave the Earl great satisfaction, when he consulted him
the following morning.-^

We cannot here do better than furnish the reader
with a translation of these ancient poems, as they con-
tain all the historical traditions handed down to us
respecting Tydecho.

THE LEGEND OF ST. TYDECHO.

(From the Welsh of Dafydd Llwyd ap Llewelyn af Qruffydd.)

A holy "man is here at hand.

Whose praises fill this mountain land ;

A pious saint, a devotee,

Of Mawddwy's sacred spot is he ;

Tydecho, father over all.

And heavenly guide to great and small.

This is the place, which once the fame

Of holy men, who hither came,

Made famous, when Llandudoch old

They left, to quit the ancient fold ;

Where Dogmael, and Saint Tegfan dwelt.

And all the land their presence felt.

Tydecho was an abbot mild.

His stafi" ruled all this mountain wild.

Kinsman to Arthur, noble king.

Whose praises all the nations sing.

Though Emyr Llydaw^s grandson, great.

He left his country, led by fate ;

And did not love the stormy sea.

Hence at a distance wished to be,

^ Jones's Tltmjf Garthbeibio a'i Hynafiaetliau, Montgomeryshire
Collections J vol. v, p. 490.

HISTORY OF THE

And settled at Mawddwy, far away.
Beyond the reach of ocean's sway.
A temple to God lie here raised.
For the good work he oft was praised.
Full of good deeds, a devotee.
Abstemious and austere was he ;
His bed, beneath the mountain's brow.
Was the hard rock we see there now.
Of noble descent, he sojourned there,
A hermit clad in shirt of hair.

Maelgwyn, the king, on mischief bent.
His horses to the saint's land sent ;
There to be fed on holy ground,
Where no stray animals were found.
But loosed upon the mountain's side.
Their colour, form, and all beside.
Were changed, and on a sudden came
From white horses, slow and tame.
To be wild coursers, and their hair
Of gold, which dazzled in the air.
Then Maelgwyn, in his wrath, one day.
The good man's oxen took away ;
But soon there was a wondrous sight.
The deer were ploughing on the height.
And a grey wolf, in aspect tame,
Behind them with the harrow came.
Maelgwyn sat on a rock to see.
What this strange miracle might be ;
But fast to his seat, he tried in vain
To stir, and leave the place again.
But Maelgwyn, though in anger long.
Made some amends for all this wrong ;
Restored the oxen he took away.
And did the saint some homage pay.
He gave, for hundred ages long,
Protection to his land from wrong.
Thus, Meilir once long journey went.
Through brushwood and wild forest bent ;
For there, within the holy ground.
Both man and beast asylum found.
The owner, and his cattle there.
Were free from violence and snare.
The land was kept from fire and sword.
And its protection could afford.

PARISH OP GARTHBEIBIO.

From every injury and wrong,
To all who to it did belong.

Tydecho made the lame to walk,
The blind to see, the dumb to talk ;
Throughout the land great was his fame.
And highly eulogized his name ;
For wicked demons of the night.
Far from his presence took their flight.
His sister Tegfedd, too, one day.
The wicked Oynon took away ;
But felt so glad amends to make.
That he gave Garthbeibio for her sake ;
And brought back the uninjured maid;
Of wrath divine he was afraid.
From paying any heriot^s fee.
Within his land, all men were free.
No wrong, and no oppression shown,
No maiden^s fee was in it known.
This privilege, the barons brave.
And the good Roman Pontiff gave.
Howell the Good confirmed the same.
The son of Cadell, known to fame.

When full five hundred robbers came.
To waste his land with sword and flame,
Tydecho's miracles were found
Their terror, on the holy ground.
The numerous host dwindled away.
Not slain, but vanished in dismay ;
As the ancient friars, who came
To preach, for lucre and for fame ;
Thus may oppression always fare.
And dwindle to nothing everywhere.
And let us all when in distress.
Seek with Tydecho for redress.^

ST. TYDECHO, AND THE TWO PAEISHES OP MAWDDWY.

(From the Welsh of Mathew Bromfield.)

Penance and grief have been my share.
In passing through this world of care ;
I traversed up and down each place.
From sea to sea, o'er Britain's face ;
And like Mandeville, went to try
Cambrian Register , vol. ii, p. 375, Jones's Bardic Museum.

HISTORY OF THE

Each land beneath the spacious sky ;
To seek a country kind and free,
"Where wealth and happiness might be.
And Mawddwy's parishes, so fair,
I find do all good fortune share.
There I can stop to end my days.
And never leave the hallowed place.
To modern Dinas blessings be.
May Jesus prosper all I see ;
To Llanymawddwy, full of store.
May heaven be generous evermore ;
And Mallwyd too, what better place.
Beneath the sky's unbounded space ?
The country is with plenty blessed.
And all in glorious beauty dressed ;
Each man and woman noble and fair.
And Mary^s blessed virgins rare.
May all her children thrive and bloom.
And flourish, till the day of doom.
A paradise beneath the sun
This is, like Eden's blessed one.
Plains and mountains, hill and dale.
And towering oaks, which hem the vale.
Meadows for hay, and hunting ground.
And arable plains, are here found ;
All representing wealth, so gay.
As through the Dovey winds her way.
All blessings here adorn the clime.
Here lived the saint in ancient time,
Tydecho, who beneath this height.
Spread o'er the land celestial Hght.
Wild deer came from their hills one day.
To plough his land in bright array ;
And the fierce wolf was made to draw
The harrow, as we all yet know.
And the brook, running from the height.
He turned to milk, all pure and white.
This to perform, power was given
To the saint by the God of heaven.
He also made all in the place
Religious men and godly race.
At Mawddwy, after Christ they go.
His faithful soldiers, high and low.
There never was, beneath the sky.
More pure servants of the Most High.
Generous and good to all mankind.

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. y

They love eacli stranger whom they find.

Lavish of their store and free.

Their equal nowhere can we see.

The country, like a blessed isle,

Where all heaven's bounties in it smile.

Makes every man the rest excel,

And every woman too, as well.

At Mallwyd, food and drink abound.

In hut and mansion all around.

There, through the Dinas,^ to and fro.

To both the parishes I go ;

And may' God grant them length of days.

Like Moses, blessM in all his ways.^

Physical features. — The general appearance of the
parish of Garthbeibio is bleak and barren, the greatest
part of it consisting of wild mountain districts, covered
with heather and coarse grass, affording pasture only to
the small Welsh sheep and mountain ponies, and shelter
to the grouse and other game. But the valleys about
the Banwy and the Twrch, contain some fertile and
good land, which produces luxuriant crops of corn and
hay ; and the sides of several of the adjoining hills are
covered with verdure, and afford pasturage to a large
number of cattle and horses. The scenery is wild and
picturesque, surrounded, as it is, by lofty hills and
mountains on every side, and the i:ugged declivities of
Aran Fawddwy towering above them in the distance.

Drainage. — The sources of the Banwy and the Twrch,
which separate this parish from that of Llangadfan,
are on the Drum ddu, a lofty hill, rising between Garth-
beibio and Llan y Mawddwy. These rivers have been
already noticed in the history of Llangadfan.^ They
are the origin of the Fernwy, or Efyrnwy, which
receives many other rivers and tributaries in its course,
before it reaches the vale of Meifod, and afterwards,
before it falls into the Severn, near Melverley, it ac-
quires the strength and magnitude of a fine and power-

^ Dinas y Mawddwy.

2 Jones's Plwijf Gartlibeibio aH EynafiaethaUj " Golud yr Oes,"
vol. i, p. 393.

^ Montgomeryshire Collections, vol. ii, p. 317.

10 HISTOEY OF THE

fulriver.^ As the parish is on the boundary of the
county of Merioneth, some of the rivers rising on the
hills adjoining that county, run in a different direction
to the above, and fall into the vale of the Dovey, which
river they join above Mallwyd. High up on the hills,
near the boundary between the parishes of Mallwyd
and Garthbeibio, is Llyn Cochhwyad, or " the pool of
the wild ducks," a mountain tarn, about a mile in circum-
ference, surrounded by wild moors and extensive tracts
of barren mountain wastes. It is the property of Sir
Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart., and contains trout,
eels, and perch. There is another small pool, called
Llyn y Bugail, or " the pool of the shepherd," high up
on the hills on the other side of the turnpike road in
this parish ; but I believe it contains no trout, and
breeds nothing but eels.

The farms in the parish are, Dol y maen, Cae 'r Hoi,
and Nant y Dugoed, belonging to Sir Watkin Williams
Wynn, Bart. ; Allt Fraith, Ehiw felen, Wern, Llech-
wedd newydd, Fron las, Maes Garthbeibio, Hafotty
Twrch, Cernia, Llechog, Pennant Twrch, Ty'n y Shettin,
and Ceunant llwyd, belonging to the Earl of Powis ;
Bryn y Chwilod, to the Incumbent of Trefor, near
Llangollen; Bryn y Wigfa, to the Incumbent of Carno;
Pentre Mawr and Foel Iwyd, to the Incumbent of Llan-
Uugan.

^ The name of this river, Efyrnwy, Femwy, or Yyrnwy, belongs,
strictly speaking, to it after it reaches the vale of Meifod, when the
two principal branches are united, the Banwy and the Llanwddyn
river. Both these branches are called Efyrnwy, and the Nant yr
Eira river, one of the tributaries of the Banwy, is also so called in
the charter of Gwenwynwyn. It was natural enough to call the
branches by the name of the main river at a time when its sources
were not probably very well known. In the Brut Tysilio it is called
Vyrnwy, where it is stated that Penda the Saxon king killed Os-
wallt, or Oswald, near it ; but in Brut G. Ah. Arthur the name is
Bwrna. In the History of Liang adf an I hazarded a conjecture that
Efyrnwy meant the goat water, or river, from Bfijrn, goat, and wy,
water. I find Wynne, in his History of Wales, calls it Murnwy.
(Wynne's Hist, of Wales, p. 17 ; Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 323 : Archce-
ology of Wales, vol. ii, pp. 474, 652.)

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 11

Geology. — The principal rocks of this district are of
the Silurian formation, chiefly those denominated by
geologists the Wenlock shale. The higher hills are
almost entirely composed of these, and the soil which
covers them is only a thin layer, in many places, of a
few inches in thickness. Peat soil and turbaries cover
the greatest part of the dingles and hollows among the
mountains, and from these the chief part of the fuel
used by the inhabitants is obtained, as coal is too
expensive to become generally used as fuel by the
country people, owing to the distance of land carriage,
without any railway accommodation, as yet, in the
district. There is good building stone found at a
place called Nant y Cathau, in a remote and distant
part of the parish ; for which reason it is not so ex-
tensively used as it would othervnse be, for it excels
any thing of the sort found in this neighbourhood.
No minerals of any kind have been discovered in the
parish, and probably there is not any of much value
to be found, as the rocks are chiefly composed of
that soft shale formation which seldom contains much
mineral. The general appearance of the mountains
and hills in these parts, clearly indicates that they
were at one time covered by the sea, and most of
them upheaved during that interval by volcanic action.
The dingles and hollows, as well as the most important
valleys surrounding the principal rivers, were formed
by the action of water, either when the sea covered
these parts, or by the course of the rivers and streams,
which were at one time, probably, much larger than at
present. The peat soil, which covers the dingles and
hollows among the mountains, has been formed by
vegetable matter, carried there by water, or decaying
on the ground ; and it would appear that large forests
of trees, at one time, covered many of these hills, and
these, for ages, decaying and falling on the ground
where they grew, formed peat bogs and turbaries in
the process of time.

12 HISTORY OF THE

SECTION II.
ARCHEOLOGY.

Most of the earns and barrows which at one time
existed in this parish have been demoHshed, and the
stones used for the purpose of making walls and fences
by the farmers. There was a earn, not long since, on
the top of Bwlch y fed wen, near the road which leads
to Mallwyd over that pass. This was of considerable
size, and conical in form, its height being about four or
^ve yards, and its circumference about sixty yards.
It was demolished in the year 1833, and the stones
were used to make a wall between the farms of Doly-
maen and Cae r lloi; and the wall made of the
materials extends to nearly half a mile. There was
nothing found inside it. Another earn stood near
the turnpike road, in a field called Cae r dentyr,
not far from the Foel bridge. This was demolished,
and most of the materials were used in making the
Foel bridge, and the new road leading to it, about the
year 1790. There were some remains of this to be
seen until of late years. A stone chest was found in
this ; but it had been robbed of its contents by the
curiosity of previous visitors. The lid of it had been
thrown aside, and the chest was filled with loose stones
and rubbish.^ Not far from the spot where this stood,
there is yet an ancient tumulus, or a mound of earth,
to be seen. This was probably a sepulchral monument,
and may have been in some way connected with the
earn near it. We have already noticed these ancient
sepulchral monuments in the history of the neigh-
bouring parish of Llangadfan.^

High up on the hills, near the boundary of the parish
of Llan y mawddwy, there are three barrows of con-
siderable size, called Carneddau V Gwragedd, or the
women's barrows, and the history connected with
them is both melancholy and ajffecting. When Garth-

' Cambrian Register, 1796, p. 380; Jones's Plwyf Gartlibeibio
aH' Hynafiaethau. 2 Mont. Coll, vol. ii, p. 326.

PARISH OF GARTHBETBIO. 13

beibio was a chapel of ease belonging to Llan y maw-
ddwy, three women started to the mother church one
Sunday morning in winter to be churched. But when
they had reached the height of the mountain, a snow
storm came on and enveloped them in darkness ; and
when a search was made for them, the three were found
dead on the spot where these barrows were raised to
commemorate the melancholy event, and to denote the
spot where their mortal remains found a last resting
place. This sad event, it is said, hastened the time for
Garthbeibio to be made a separate parish.

This circumstance confirms, in a remarkable manner,
what Giraldus Cambrensis says of the religious feeling
of the Welsh in his time, and that they shewed greater
regard than any other nation for churches and ecclesias-
tical persons.^

Near the church is St. Tydecho's well. This was in
great repute at one time, and its waters were con-
sidered very efficacious in the cure of rheumatism and
other maladies, and resorted to by great numbers of
invalids. But judging from its present neglected ap-
pearance, it would be difficult to persuade any one now
to believe the stories related by some of the old inha-
bitants of the wonderful cures often effected by its
waters. At present, it is only a dirty and neglected
pond, half filled with mud and rubbish, and the greater
part of the water supply, it is said, has been diverted
from its original channel, by draining the land about it.
There was once an image of the saint's head, in stone,
placed at the northern side of the w^ell ; but some van-
dals, having no regard for remains of antiquity, nor
even respect for common decency, threw it away ; and
the last heard of it was as a plaything on the side of
the river among some children, who in the end threw
it in, and no more was heard of it. All parties who
bathed in the well threw a pin into it on leaving, as a
thank-offering ; and it was considered an -act of sacri-
lege to take any of these pins away. Close to this well

^ Giraldus Carabrensis's Description of Wales, cap. 18 j Jones's
Plwyf Gartlibeihio aH Hynafiaethau.

14 HISTORY OF THE

there was another called Ffynnon Rhigos, where the
inhabitants of the parish, both young and old, upon
stated occasions, came together to drink the water
mixed with sugar. It is not known what was the
origin of this custom.

The high ground between Garthbeibio and Mallwyd,
over which the turnpike road to Machynlleth passes, is
called Bwlch y fedwen, or the Pass of the birch tree.
Here the water runs in both directions, on one side of
the pass to the Banwy, and on the other to the Dovey,
and the two counties, Merionethshire and Montgomery-
shire, meet. The abode of some of the Gwilliaid
Cochion Mawddwy, the red-haired Banditti of Maw-
ddwy, was in the lower part of this pass, at Dugoed,
and Nant y Dugoed. These were the terror, not only
of the wild parts of the country about them, but of
nearly the whole of North Wales, about three hundred
and twenty years ago. They were called the Bed
Banditti of Mawddwy because certain leaders among
them had red foxy hair. For some time they set the
laws at defiance, and committed the most frightful
outrages, filling with terror the minds of all the peace-
able inhabitants of the country around, who, in order
to save their lives, in going to Shrewsbury and other
places, quitted the regular roads, and crossed over the
mountains in this and the adjoining parishes, to avoid
meeting these savage and fierce robbers. And to pro-
tect themselves from being surprised in the night, they
had fixed scythes in the chimneys of their houses, some
of which were seen remaining there as late as the end
of last century. To put an end to these acts of violence
and robbery, a commission was granted to John Wynne
ap Meredydd of Gwydir, Esq., and Lewis Owen of
Llwyn, near Dolgelley, Esq., Vice Chamberlain and
Baron of the Exchequer for North Wales, who, having
raised a strong body of men, on Christmas eve, made
prisoners of about eighty of the robbers, upon whom
they passed a sentence, punishing them according to
the extent of their crimes. Among these there were

I PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 15

two young men, whose mother urgently entreated the
judge to spare one of them ; but he decUned to grant
her request, when she, with all the vindictiveness of
malignant fury, vowed that revenge should be taken
upon the Baron by her surviving sons. And these
watched their opportunity as Baron Owen was passing
through these parts to the Montgomeryshire assizes,
in 1555 ; and he was waylaid by a numerous band of
desperadoes among the thick woods of Dugoed. The
road was blocked up by several long trees, which were
cut down and thrown across it ; and the villains, after
discharging a shower of arrows, rushed upon their
victim, whom they murdered, and left his body on the
road, covered with thirty wounds. The place where
this tragical event took place is yet called Llidiart y
Barwn, the Baron's gate. But this atrocious act brought
down upon the banditti the punishment which their
long course of merciless outrages demanded ; the whole
nest of them was extirpated, many of them were tried
and executed, and the rest fled never to return.^

On the top of Bwlch y fedwen are to be seen the
ruins of an old house, where these robbers, according
to tradition, showed a certain amount of charitable dis-
position and kindly feeling upon one occasion. A num-
ber of them went to the door when hungry, and asked
for relief The old woman, who was the only inmate
in the house at the time, gave them all she had, no
doubt more from fear than love. At daylight, one of
the following mornings, these, or some of their com-
panions, had brought a ^hq fat pig, killed and dressed,
and placed it as a present at the old woman's door.^

There is a proverb often heard in the neighbourhood
on a dark night, to the effect that *' it is high time to
run to the top of Bwlch y Fedwen to look for the day."
The origin of this proverb, as it is said, took place thus.
There was an innocent old family once residing at a

^ Pennant's Tours in Wales ; Williams's Eminent Welshmen :
Lewis's Topographical Dictionary.
^ Joneses Ha7ies Plwyf Oarthbeibio.

1(5 HISTORY OF THE

place called Cwmllecoediog, in the adjoining parish of
Mallwyd. Whilst they were all in bed one dark win-
ter night, a number of mischievous youths walled up
the windows of the house with sods, so that not a ray
of light could enter in, when day-light made its appear-
ance. The family slept comfortably for the night, and
the whole of the next day ; but on the evening of the
second day they began to think that it was the longest
night that ever existed since " darkness was upon the
face of the deep." They began to become uneasy, and
they resolved to get up to look for the sun. The old
man called upon the lads to follow him, saying, '' We
must go and look for the sun/' And away they went,
and made diligent search for it without any success,
until they arrived at the summit of Bwlch y fedwen ;
here day-light greeted them to their great joy. The
old worthy of Cwmllecoediog was ever known after-
wards by the dignified title of the "man of light."
Such we are told was the origin of the above-mentioned
proverb.

On the top of Bwlch y fedwen there is a grave of
traditional notoriety, known by the name of the " Car-
rier's grave," where it is said one of the old carriers of
by-gone days lies buried. Whilst following his pack
horses over this desolate pass, he was way-laid by a
band of robbers, murdered, and was buried on the spot
where he was slain. ^

Dol y maen is a farm house not far from Bwlch y
fedwen, but in the sixteenth century it was a mansion,
and place of importance, as the residence of the
Yaughans, a branch of the ancient family of Llwydi-
arth. The old house was taken down some years ago,
and the present farm house built on its site. There
was an inscription in the old house of the sixteenth
century, over the parlour door, containing the following
letters, '' j. d. v., 15**." The windows belonging to it
had been brought from Llwydiarth, but no trace of them
is now to be discovered.

^ Jones's Hans Plwyf Garthheibio 'aH Hynafiaethau.

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 1 7

On the common above the Vron, and in some other
momitainous districts of the parish, are to be seen
many of those gryniau, or ridges, which we noticed in
the neighbouring parish^ of Llangadfan, where the
ancient inhabitants used to sow their corn. These
prove that portions of land were at one time under
cultivation in these parts, w^here nothing now but wild
mountains and heather extend on all sides. It is
probable that no fences existed at that time, and that
the land where corn was sown was not protected
in any way ; but the sheep and cattle were put to
graze at a distance from it, and not allowed to come to
those parts. The divisions between the various owners
were marked by boundary stones.

SECTION III.
ECCLESIASTICAL ESTABLISHMENT.

As we have already stated, the church in this parish
was founded by Tydecho, in the sixth century. This
was probably a cell, or a small religious house, under
Llan y mawddwy. We have no further record of
religion and the progress of Christianity among the
inhabitants of these parts at this period, and the tra-
dition respecting Tydecho, and his connection with the
parish, is, in many respects, so vague and uncertain,
that it savours more of a legend of the dark ages, than
of real history. In Pope Nicholas's Taxation, which
was made in the year 1291, Garthbeibio appears as a
chapel under Llan y mawddwy. The following is the
account given in that ancient record : —

DEANEEY OF MAWDDWY AND CYFEILIAWQ.

The church of Llan y mawddwy, with the chapels
thereof, Mallwyd and Garthbeibio, valued at ; —

^ Montgomerysldre Collections, vol. ii, p, 330.
VOL. VI. C

18 HISTORY OF THE

Rectory £10 0 0 Tenth £10 0

Vicarage 2 0 0 Not tithed.

At the time the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII
was made, in the twenty-sixth year of that monarch's
reign, Garthbeibio was a rectory, and is placed in the
deanery of Pool and Caereinion. The following is the
entry in that important document : —

DEANERY OF POOL AND CAEREINION.

Rectory of Garthbeibio.

Value of tithes of corn and hay . . per annum £0 8 0
Lambs and wool .... „ 134

Lactuals and other small tithes . . „ 0 19 6

Oblations „ 3 17 4

£6 8 2

Thence in reprisals, viz. :

s. d.

Lactuals to the Bishop 3 4

Annual Procurations . . . . . .34

6 8

Clear yearly value £6 16

Thence a tenth . . . . - . . . 12 2

The tenth went to the king, but in the time of
Queen Anne, it was given up to augment poor livings,
and is known since under the name of Queen Anne's
Bounty. Many small livings were discharged from the
payment of it, and Garthbeibio was among that
number.

The value of the tithes of Garthbeibio, in 1720, was
only £19, and the parish, at that time, had in it only
eight farm houses. The tithes are now commuted at
£119 ; and in the year 1863, the tithes of the town-
ship of Moelfeliarth, in the parish of Llangadfan,
amounting to £82 4s. 2d., were transferred to this
parish, and the same ratified by an Order in Council,
bearing date 9th of September, 1865. The jurisdiction

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO.

of the townships of Moelfeharth and Maesll}' mysten, in
the said parish of Llangadfan, had been already trans-
ferred to the rector of Garthbeibio, in the year 1863,
by an Order in Council. When the Eev. E. Jones was
rector of the parish, who was collated by Bishop Shipley
in 1779, two small tenements in the parish of Llanerfyl
were purchased with money granted by the Governors
of Queen Anne's Bounty to augment the living ; and
in the time of the present rector these were sold, and
the money, amounting to £547 15s., invested for the
benefit of the living, in the three per cent. Consolidated
Bank Annuities. A grant of £200 more was received
from the Bounty board in 1865, to meet the transfer
of tithes made from the parish of Llangadfan.

The following is a list of the rectors of the parish, as
given by Browne Willis, in his Survey of St. Asaph,
edition of 1801, and continued to the present time.

Year.

John Goch, collated by Bishop Warton . .1537

William ab Owen, collated by Bishop Goldwell . 1556

J. Powell, collated by Bishop Hughes . . .1598

David Nicholas, collated by Bishop Morgan . . 1602

David Lloyd Thomas, deprived by Bishop Parry . 1614

Richard Pearks, collated by Bishop Parry . .1618

John Vaughan, collated by Bishop Hanmer . .1627

David Davies, collated by Bishop Hanmer . . 1628

J. Davis, collated by Bishop Hanmer . . . 1635

J. Vaughan, collated by Bishop Griffiths . . 1662

James Williams, collated by Bishop Barrow . .1675

J. Foulkes, collated by Bishop Barrow . . 1677

Evan Pritchard, collated by Bishop Lloyd . . 1685

David Morrice, collated by Bishop Beveridge . . 1 705

Evan Lloyd, collated by Bishop Hare . . .1 729

John Jones, collated by Bishop Tanner . . 1 734

Henry Williams, collated by Bishop Lisle . . 1746

E. Jones, collated by Bishop Shipley . . 1779

David Lewis, collated by Bishop Bagot . . 1 794

W. E. Jones, collated by Bishop Short . .1850

Walker, in his Sufferings of the Clergy, says that
John Davies, who was rector of the parish during the
Commonwealth, suffered much persecution. " I have

C 2

HISTORY OF THE

seen," he says, " the state of his case under his own
hand, by which it appears that he was not permitted to
come and make his own defence. He was also im-
prisoned."^ This probably happened about the time
Vavasor Powell was sent to sequester the livings of the
clergy in Montgomeryshire, and the rectory house at
Llangadfan was burnt down by the rebels. '^

Garthbeibio is in the patronage of the Bishop of
St. Asaph, and is a discharged rectory. The church,
which was an ancient structure, and in a very dilapi-
dated condition, was rebuilt in the year 1 862, and is now
a neat and suitable edifice, well adapted to the require-
ments of the parish, and having sittings in it for one
hundred and thirty persons, all free. In the old church
there were some curious oak carvings, which are now
in possession of the rector.

In a Terrier, bearing date July 13th, 1791, there is
an account of the various charitable donations given at
different times to the poor of this parish. The follow-
ing is a list of these donations as they appear in the
Terrier : —

Owen Thomas Rees, left
Evan David Thomas
Elizabeth Clerk .
Elizabeth Evan David
Rees Thomas, of Dyfnant

whereof one pound was lost.
Maurice Griffiths
Howell David Shone
John Rees

David Evans, of Cae'r lloi

Robert Thomas Owen, of Rhiwfelen, gentleman
Grace Hughes^ of Nant y Saeson

These several legacies, being in the whole £61, have
been laid out upon the second district of the Mont-
gomeryshire turnpike roads, and secured by a bond,
dated 8th of June, 1791 ; and the annual interest is
distributed among the poor of the parish. From the

^ Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, p. 235.
2 Montgomeryshire Collections, vol. ii, p. 336.

20
10

GARTHBEIBIO OLD CHURCH.

GARTHBEIBIO NEW CHURCH.

BIBY LITH.LPOOL -.

MONT.. COLL. VOL. V).
TO TACE PACE 20.

PARISH OF OARTHBEIBIO. 21

Keport of the Charity Commissioners, published in
1838, it appears that the interest of £10, given by
John Bees, was to be given to the poorest person in the
parish, who, during the preceding year, had received
the smallest amount of parish relief And it was not
usual to give it to the same person in two consecutive
years/

The Ecclesiastical parish of Garthbeibio, as at present
constituted, includes Garthbeibio itself, and the town-
ships of Moelfeliarth and Maesllymysten, transferred to
it, as already stated, from the parish of Llangadfan.
The population of the Ecclesiastical parish, according
to the census of 1871, amounted to 596. The registers
belonging to the church go no further back than 1710.
There are ^ve volumes of them, which are in a good
state of preservation. There is a silver flagon among
the communion plate, given by the Rev. Henry Wil-
liams, with this inscription upon it :

" Henricus Williames, A.M., olim e Coll. Jes. Oxon, D.D.
Deo et Ecclesiae de Garthbeibio, a.d. 1739.

There is another silver cup, with this inscription
upon it :

" To the honour and glory of God, and to the use of Garth-
beibio Church/^ " To the price thereof the Rev, Mr. Evan
Lloyd hath given one guinea."

The date found on the bell of the church, when it
was taken down in 1862, was 1665. The beU was re-
cast at the time the church was restored, and there is
no inscriptian upon it at present. It is probable the
old church had been either rebuilt or restored, about
the year 1665, and this date referred to that event.

The festival of Tydecho, the patron saint of the
parish, used to be kept on Easter Monday, and at
Mallwyd also the same time. Many games and sports
used to be indulged in that day by the inhabitants, and
amongst other things, cock-fighting held a conspicuous
place, and the remains of the old pit are yet pointed

^ Charity Commissioners' 1838 Report, p. 283.

22 HISTORY OF THE

out, a little distance above the churchyard. These
festivals were originally kept for religious purposes, and
devoted to alms-giving, prayer to God, and due com-
memoration of God's mercies, and the praiseworthy
deeds of the saint. But in course of time they were
perverted from their original intention, and became
corrupted and immoral in their tendency. The original
intention was to commemorate the happy day when a
house of God had been erected within an easy distance
to the inhabitants. But this, in the process of time,
degenerated into a petty feast or fair, consisting of
rustic revelry, though it commonly originated in the
day when the church of the parish had been set apart
from all common and profane uses to the service of
God.^

In the year 1863, a considerable change took place
in the Ecclesiastical parish of Gaii:hbeibio, in conse-
quence of the transfer to it of two townships from the
parish of Llangadfan, as we have already mentioned,
Moelfeliarth and Maesllymysten, and the tithes of the
township of Moelfeliarth. This was done under the
Act 3 and 4 Victoria, chap. 1 ] 3, and Act 1 7 and 1 8
Victoria, chap. 84. The scheme, containing the Order in
Council transferring the jurisdiction of the two town-
ships, was pubhshed in the London Gazette for May 1863,
and that transferring the tithes of Moelfeliarth, in the
London Gazette for September 12th, 1865. The popula-
tion of the two townships thus transferred, amounted, by
the census of last year, to 264, thus making the present
population of the Ecclesiastical parish of Garthbeibio
by the same census 596. The tithes of Moelfeliarth
have been commuted at £82 4s. 2d. The following is
the schedule attached to the scheme transferring the
above tithes, showing the landowners, the occupiers of
the various farms, and quantity of land in each, as given
in the tithe apportionment of the parish of Llangadfan,
made in the year 1838.

^ Williams's Ecclesiastical Antiquities of the Ci/mri/ ; Soames's
Anglo- Saxo7i Church.

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO.

Quantities

I^H Landowners.

Occupiers.

in Statute Kent
Measure. Charge.

I^H

A. R. p. £ s.

W Earl of Powis .

. Sidney Roberts .

1040 0 24 — 7 15

. . John Williams .

51 3 29 — 2 11

■

. . Evan Evans . .

11 1 23 — 0 5

■

. . Margaret Richards

2 1 9 — 0 2

. . Rowland Morris .

77 3 9 — 2 12

■

. Margaret Evans anc

■

others

11 5 — 0 0

■

. . Evan Evans . .

2 0 36 — 0 2

. . John Foulkes.

0 1 12 — 0 1

^ ■

. . Evan Rowlands .

6 1 9 — 0 15

. . David Jones . .

4 3 32 — 0 8

. Owen Williams .

13 8 — 0 0

>> •

. . Richard Jones Millei

0 1 0—0 0

»j

. . Morris Evans

50 3 23 — 1 12

. . John Jones . .

38 3 26 — 2 0

. . Richard Jones

. 10 1 39 — 0 0

i Sir Watkin Williams

Wynn, Bart. .

. Elizabeth Jones . .

72 1 34 — 3 18

. Anne Williams .

49 3 16 — 3 14

. . Evan Williams .

58 3 13 — 6 10

Kepresentatives of the

late John Smith . Evan Evans . . .

82 0 35 — 0 12

Jane Richards

. David Lloyd . .

73 1 21 — 8 12

. Elizabeth Jones .

0 0 22 — 0 0

. Evan Morgan

0 3 23 — 0 0

i "

. Edward Davies . .

38 0 10 — 5 9

• ?) •

6 2 2 — 0 14

. Evan Williams .

25 3 25 — 2 0

Rev. Hugh Owen,

Cu-

rateofTreforcha

pel David Hughes

22 2 11 — 1 5

Thomas Bowen

. Thomas Thomas

75 3 39 - 3 14

1 Thomas Morris

. . Himself . . .

74 3 39 — 3 18

Thomas Rees .

. David Evans . . .

1 1 24 — ■ 0 4

David Davies .

• )» • •

22 2 21 — 3 5

1 55

. Richard Jones .

13 5 — 0 2

' Evan Griffiths

. John Jones . .

. 44 1 18 — 2 18

. . Morris Thomas .

13 1 37 — 1 1

i John Davies .

. William Morris .

8 0 21 — 0 6

5) •

. . John Jones . .

. 10 1 6 ^ 0 15

' Evan Price

. . David Evans . .

5 0 4 — 0 8

! Evan Evans .

. Himself

. 109 0 14 — 4 10

. . Elizabeth Jones .
Carried forward . . .

4 0 0 — 0 1

2887 0 1 £72 5

HISTORY OF THE

Landowners.

Occupiers.

Rev. L. Darwell
curate of Criggion

Brought forward

Chapel
Eliza Bennet
Mar J Owen

J)
Thomas Jones

Hugh Hughes
. Evan Evans .
. David Evans .
. Robert Owen .
, Edward Jones
. Howell Williams

Zachariah Humphreys Robert Lloyd .

Quantities
in Statute
Measure.

A. R. P.

2887 0 1

£72

Rent
Charge

75 2 3 — 4 5
202 0 8 — 4 16

0 0 14 _ 0 0
27 B 5 — 0 13

1 3 25 — 0 0
0 1 38 — 0 0
3 2 17 — 0 4

3198 1 31 £82 4 2

SECTION IV.
POPULATION.

The inhabitants of this parish are almost exckisively
engaged in agriculture, or as mechanics and workmen
upon the Earl of Powis's estate. Most of the farms
are small, and the tenants cultivate them themselves,
thus forming a class of men partly tenant farmers and
partly farm labourers. Some of the houses, which have
lately been rebuilt, are good, and built upon a new and
improved model of construction ; but the old-fashioned
farm houses, and cottages on the hills, are yet, many of
them, wretched in appearance, and the accommodation
in them of the meanest description. The expense of
getting good building materials, such as lime, timber,
and slates, bricks, and tiles, is so great, without good
roads, nor any railway accomodation near, that the in-
habitants have been obliged to use what they can afford
to procure near them, such as clay instead of lime,
rushes and straw for thatching their buildings instead
of slates, and mud floors instead of tiles or flags. But the
family fare of almost all the people in these mountain-
ous districts has greatly changed for the better of late
years. For instead of bread made of barley and rye.

PARISH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 2.5

and oatmeal cake, wheat bread is generally used ;
and the dress of the people, both men and women, has
greatly changed from the primitive and old-fashioned
style of fifty and sixty years ago, to the more modern
fashion of their neighbours in the lowlands.

The number of inhabitants in the parish, accord-
ing to the census of 1871, was 332 ; and in 1861, the
number was 372 ; in 1851, it was 383 ; in 1841, 355 ;
and in 1831, 342. In this comparison we find the same
thing as we noticed in the case of the parish of Llan-
gadfan, the gradual falling off of the population of late
years. And this seems to be generally the case in all
the agricultural parishes throughout the kingdom ; so
much so, that we find that this falling off of the rural
population, and the consequent accumulation of the
people in the large towns, is a question which has
attracted the notice of our scientific men, and is by
them considered as an indication of the degeneracy of
race in this kingdom. Dr. Beddoe read a paper bear-
ing upon the subject, before a meeting of the British
Association in 1871, to which the reader is referred for
further information on the subject.

Tlie Nonconformists began to establish themselves
in the parish during the latter half of last century.
The great religious excitement, which followed the rise
and progress of Methodism in Wales, gradually reached
these parts, and commenced in the efibrts made by
some of their itinerants to preach in the open air, and
in some of the farm houses to which they might gain
access. But as the bidk of the Welsh people at that
time were much opposed to anything which savoured
of Puritanism, the preachers often met with great
opposition, and were frequently roughly handled by
the mob, and at times with difficulty could escape
without serious injury; and some, it is said, were in
danger for their lives. The first sermon, it is stated,
was preached by the Nonconformists, in the farm-yard
of a place called Twrch, about the year 1786. The
preacher met with great opposition. The Calvinistic

26 HISTORY OF THE

Methodists afterwards frequently had preaching at Dol
y Gwaha and Dol Iwyd, and once or twice in the farm-
yard of Gurlas. And about sixty or seventy years
ago, a noted minister of the name of Ishmael Jones,
from the parish of Llandlnam, attempted to preach
near Maes Garthbeibio, but was obliged to seek refuge
from his persecutors on the top of a barn, which hap-
pened to be at hand. " The prayer of Stephen," said
he, with perhaps more wit than christian charity, *^ was
in my mind at the time, and I could say from my heart,
*Lord Jesus, receive my spirit;' but for the life of me
I could not say, ' Lay not this sin to their charge.'"
About the year 1795, the Independents, in conjunc-
tion with the Calvinistic Methodists, commenced to
hold religious meetings at a place called Llechwedd
bach ; but as they met with much opposition, the
tenant, Mr. E. Hughes, had his house registered for
the purpose. After that every thing went on peace-
ably. There are two chapels at present in the parish,
Beersheba, belonging to the Independents, and Salem,
to the Wesleyans. Five persons, natives of this parish,
became dissenting ministers, the Revs. H. Hughes,
Rowland Davies, and John Morris, among the Inde-
pendents ; Rev. F. Jones, among the Calvinistic Metho-
dists ; and the Rev. D. Ellis, among the Wesleyans.^

Education. — The language in use among the inhabi-
tants of the parish is Welsh, with the exception of two
or three English families, who have come of late years
to settle in the parish. A national school was es-
tablished here in the year 1854, chiefly through the
instrumentality of the Earl of Powis and his family.
The school is very efficiently conducted, and his Lord-
ship, the Countess of Powis, Lady Lucy Calvert, and
Lady Harriet Herbert, take great interest in its wel-
fare, and assist and encourage the work carried on in
it, by rewarding the most meritorious scholars, and other
means.^ We find the same difficulty encountered here, as
we noticed in the case of the parish of Llangadfan, owdng
1 Jones's Hanes Garthbeibio aH Eynafimthau.

PAPJSH OF GARTHBEIBIO. 27

o the only language in use among the inhabitants
eing Welsh, and the language taught in the school
eing English, and thus the children have to acquire
he information, and the medium through which it is
communicated to them, during the brief period they
remain in school. But knowledge of English is
gradually advancing, and gaining ground in these
remote parts, and making that difficulty less ; though
it will take many years before English will become the
medium of communication at the home and the fireside
of the inhabitants generally in these remote districts,
and perhaps a longer period still before it will supersede
the ancient language in places of religious worship.
The new Educational Act, lately passed in Parliament,
will no doubt very much facilitate the cause of educa-
tion in parts hitherto not reached by benevolent efforts
and individual exertions, and cause the establishment
of schools in places w^here nothing of the kind was ever
known before, by compelling the rate-payers to support
them as a matter of duty.

Hafottai, or Summer dwellings. — These ancient
dwellings are numerous in most of the mountainous
parts of Wales ; and in the higher districts of this
parish, and the adjoining parish of Llan y mawddwy,
there are several of them. The farmers, in former
times, used to migrate from the lowlands into these
dwelhngs, and reside there during the greatest part
of the summer, having their cattle w^ith them, and the
things necessary for the dairies. And it was then they
generally harvested the hay, w^hich they call gwair
rhosydd, a short coarse kind of hay, which grows upon
the peat soil and moors, and is so short, that in some
parts of the country they were obliged to carry it home
in baskets and sacks after it was cut. In one of these
old dwellings, situated high among the hills, called
Hafotty yn Nhwrch, a daring robber of the name of
Sion de Benyon made his abode. Eventually Sion was
followed to his retired dwelling place, in consequence
of the frequent depredations he committed in the sur-

28 THE PARISH OF GARTHBEIBTO. |

rounding country, and was captured by one Lewis
Thomas, of Coed Ladur, in the parish of Llanuwchlyn.
The thief almost killed Thomas during the scuffle, with
some frightful stick he had in his possession. Benyoii
was sent to prison ; but his wife was allowed to pay
him a visit at Christmas, and to take with her a present
of a fat goose to enable her husband to have a merry
Christmas in his place of confinement. But she had
been able to conceal instruments to break the iron bars
of the prison, inside the goose ; and with the assist-
ance of these the robber escaped. But following the
same wicked career afterwards, he was at last taken
and executed ; and one of his last words under the
gallows was to request his friends to make a present
of his favourite stick to Lewis Thomas for the courage
he had formerly shown at Fotty yn Nhwrch.^

^ Jones's Hanes Plwijf Garthheihio aH Hynafiaethau.

SHIELD OF ARMS IN THE EAST WINDOW
OF BUTTINGTON CHUECH.

In the east window of the parish church of Buttington,
in the county of Montgomery, among some fragments
of ancient stained glass, there is a quartered shield of
arms in a tolerably perfect state. Enquiry has been
made at various time whose arms this shield represents
(see Notes and Queries, 4th series, iv, p. 523, and ibid.
V, p. 23, also Oswestry Advertiser, Bygones column,
21st Aug., 1872) ; but no satisfactory answer has
hitherto been given. We would venture to offer the
following solution.

The shield is not large, and being placed in the win-
dow some height from the ground, the charges in it are
not distinguishable without getting up close to it.

The shield is thus blazoned : —

Quarterly of four grand quarters.

1st and 4tli quarterly of four; 1st and 4tli, or, two lions
passant, az. ; 2nd and 3rd, ar., a cross patonce, az.

2nd and 3rd quarterly; 1st and 4th, or, a lion rampant,
gules ; 2nd and 3rd, ar., a saltire, gules.

The 1st and 4th quarters in the 1st grand quarter
seem to be the arms of " Somerie, Baron Dudley,"
which in Burke's Extinct Peerage are given as "or,
two lioncels passant, az. ; " but Blakeway, in his
Sheriffs of Shropshire, under Eoger de Someri, sheriff
of Shropshire in 1262, gives his arms as "or, two lions
passant in pale, az."

30 ARMORIAL SHIELD IN BUTTIXGTON CHURCH.

The 2n(i and 3rd quarters, "an a cross patonce, az^
are the arms of " Sutton, Baron Dudley."

The 1st and 4th grand quarters therefore seem to be
the quartered shield of the " Somerie" and "Sutton"
arms. But as the Sutton family was the one which
was connected with the chief family of the district
in which Buttington is situated, we should have expected
to have found the Sutton arms 1st and 4th, and the
Somerie 2nd and 3rd. Instances certainly can be quoted
where the house or family from which the dignity or
inheritance was derived is given the first quarter, and
this we venture to think is another example.

The 2nd and 3rd grand quarters contain 1st and
4th " or, a lion ramp, gules,'' which is the shield of the
princes and lords of Powys, Griffith ap Wennunwen,
and Sir John de Cherleton (see Montgomeryshire
Collections, appendix to vol. ii, review by J. Gough
Nichols, p. xxiii).

The 2nd and 3rd quarters, *'ar., a sal tire gules"
much resemble the heraldic insignia of John Tiptoft,
Lord Tiptoft and Powys, who married Joyce, daughter
and co-heiress of Edward de Cherleton, Lord of Powys
(see Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 352). The Tiptoft arms are
blazoned by Burke, " az. a saltire ingrailed, gu." and
although this quarter is slightly different, there can,
we conceive, be no reasonable doubt that it is intended
for the Tiptoft shield.

With reference to the 1st and 4th grand quarters, it
may be mentioned that Margaret, one of the co-heiresses
of John de Somerie, K.B., who was the last feudal
baron of that name, of Dudley, in Staffordshire, mar-
ried Sir John de Sutton, who thus acquired the feudal
castle of Dudley. Their son, John de Sutton, was
summoned to parliament as Baron Sutton of Dudley,
and he and his descendants would, it is conceived, be
entitled to quarter the Sutton and Somerie arms ; and
if precedence were yielded to the maternal arms, as
was^ frequently done, on account of the feudal dignity
having descended through the mother, this quartered

SHIELD OF ARMS OF

AAV Uve^ OadV Av^MukfW /y\

BUITINGl^N CHURCH.

T.S.JONES, PINXIT

RiBY, uth,i:pool.

Quarterly or four grand quarters

1ST AND 4th, Quarterly.

1st AND 4th, SOMERIE.

2nd and 3rd, Sutton.

2nd and 3rd. Quarterly.

1st AND 4th, CHERLETON.
2nd and 3RD, TlPTOFT

32 ARMORIAL SHIELD IN BUTTINGTON CHURCH.

Since the foregoing was in type, we have found a
confirmation of our conclusions, from the account which
Nash, the historian of Worcestershire, gives of North-
field, in that county. In Doomsday it is stated that
Northfield, otherwise Nordfeld, belonged to William
Fitz Ausculph, afterwards to the "Somerys," and in
"23 Henry VIII, 1531, it was purchased of Edward
(Sutton) Lord Dudley," from which we infer the Suttons
succeeded the Someries in this property. In his account
of Northfield Church, Nash says : —

^^ In the east window of the south aisle of the church,
within an escutcheon : 1 . Two lions pass., az., Somery, quar-
tering, ar., a cross-croslet, az., Malpas. 2. A lion ramp., gu.,
Charlton of Foives, quartering, ar., a saltire engrailed, gu,,
Typtote ; the third as the second, and the fourth as the first.

''In the second pane, or, two lions pass., az., Somery, im-
paling gu., a cross moline, ar.y Belce, quartering, sa., a cross
engrailed, or, TJfford, over these two last a crescent, az.; on tJie
top Dudley with quarterings."^

The first named coat seems almost identical with that
in the east window of Buttin^ton church, and clearly
belonged to one of the Suttons, Lords of Dudley.

Again, Symonds in his Diary '^ gives the following

1 Nash's History of Worcestershire, vol. ii, p. 190.

2 Camden Socletifs Publications, 1859, p. 168, cited in " Herald
and Genealogist," vol. ii, p. 495. Erdeswick, writing between
1593 and 1603, says that " the Sutton coat proper to his name he
took to be ar., a cross pattee, blue.'' This coat Sir Hugh Sutton
(or, according to Ormcrod, his son Richard de Sutton) assumed when
he married Elizabeth, heiress of William Patrick, Lord of the
moiety of the Barony of Malpas. The arms attributed to the Barons
of Malpas, are " ar., a cross patonce, a^.," (Ormerod's Cheshire, vol.
ii, p. 333). Sir Hugh's grandson, Sir John de Sutton, when he
married Margaret, heiress of John de Somerie, feudal Lord of
Dudley, assumed the Somerie coat, " or, two lions passant, az.,''
and placed it in his first quarter. Subsequently the Suttons assumed
^^or, a lion rampant double quevee, vert,'' but Erdeswick asserts
that "before the time of Henry VIII never did any of the Suttons
of Dudley Castle bear a lion either with one tail or two, but either
Somery's two lions, or else ar., a cross pattee, blue." The variations
in the arms of this family are remarkable, and are illustrated in the
above quotations.

ARMORIAL SHIELD IN BUTTINGTON CHURCH. 33

epitaph of two of the children of Edward, Lord Dudley
and FoweSy from Himley church, which is confirmatory
of our view : —

" Hie jacet Willelmus Suttoun et Constantia soror ejusdem
filia p'nobilissimi Domini Edwardi Suttoun militis, Domini
Dudley et Powes, qui quidem Wilhelmus obijt 22'^ Dec. 1504,
Constantia v'' 15 Marcii 1501, quorum A. This coate, quarterly
i and iv: 1 and 4, two lions passant; 2 and 3, a cross flory :
ii and iii : 1 and 4^ a lion rampant ; 2 and 3, a saltire en-
grailed/^

The epitaph is interesting, also, as furnishing an in-
stance where Lord Dudley assumed the title of Fowes,
in right of his descent, through the Tiptofts, from the
last Cherleton, Lord of Powys, and of his inheriting a
portion of the feudal barony of Powys.

But it appears that the Sutton family did not inva-
riably bear this quartered coat, for amongst the arms
in St. Edmund's Church, Dudley,^ Nash says :

^^In the highest south window, two lions pass., Somery,
quartering, a lion ramp., Charlton, Lord of Powys, the next, a
saltire engrailed, Typtoft, the fourth as the first, the colours of
all faded ; impaling gu., a cross moline, ar., Behe, quartering
sa,, a cross ingrailed, or, supported by two angels.'^

*' And in the middle pane of the east window of the chancel
of the old church at Dudley, Or, a lion ramp., queue fourchee,
Dert, Sutton, impaling quarterly, first and fourth or, two lions
pass., az. Somery ; second and third ar., a cross botone, az.,
baron Malpas."

And in the hall window at Sawtrey, co. Huntingdon,
there is the shield of Edward Sutton, Lord Dudley,
K.G. 1509, died 1521-2, with the Somerie coat only
" or, two lions passant, az"^

How the arms of Sutton, Baron Dudley, came to be
placed in Buttington Church, is an interesting question
which we reserve for future investigation.

M. C. J.

^ Nash's Worcestershire, vol. i, p. 361.
2 Herald and Genealogist, vol. ii, p. 499.
VOL. VI. I>

ARMOEIAL SHIELD IN BUTTINGTON CHURCH.

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SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIEE.

1610. — Lewis Gwynn.
Deputy^ Matthew Price. ^

Arms,

Quarterly, 1 and 4, az., a lion passant ar. (Einion ab Cynvelyn,
Lord of Manafon) ; 2, or, a lion ramp., az. (Cadwgan, Lord of
Nannau) ; 3, or, a lion ramp., gu. (Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Prince
of Powys).

Lewis Gwynn, Esq., of Llanidloes, was the son and
heir of Morgan Gwynn, sheriff in 1582. He served as
deputy sheriff to his father, during whose year of
office he received the appointment of escheator of the
county. He was mayor of Llanidloes each succeeding
year between the 23rd and 33rd Eliz., and as "Lewis
Gwynn de Llanydlos, gen.," was fifth on the grand
jury at the assizes, 29 Eliz.

7 James I, 1609, " Lodowicus Gwyn, ar.," appears
on the sheriff's list of magistrates for the first time.

^ Continued from vol. v, p. 496.

2 " Mattheus Price, gen." (Peniarth list). He was the son-in-
law of the sheriff.

D 2

36 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

By his wife Mallt, daughter of Lewis ap Howel ap
leuan, and heiress to her brother John ap Lewis/ he
had two daughters, co-heiresses :

I. Catherine, married to Matthew Price of Park,
second son of John Price of Newtown, sheriif in 1566,
the deputy sheriff for this year.

II. Lowry, who married, first, David Blayney ap
Edward Blayney of Maesmawr, in the parish of Llan-
dinam, one of the coroners for the county in 9 James I,
1611 ; and secondly, Lloyd Piers of Maesmawr and
Trowscoed, in the parish of Guilsfield, who inherited
the estates of his mother Elizabeth, sole daughter and
heiress of Griffith Lloyd of Maesmawr, sheriff in 1581.
Lloyd Piers was sheriff in 1636 and 1650.

A member of his family, Bichard Gwynn, on account
of his firm adherence to the Boman Catholic faith,
suffered a cruel martyrdom at Wrexham, 15th October,
1584. A very interesting and detailed account of his
trials and sufferings has been printed from a contem-
porary manuscript that was found in the mission house
of the Boman Catholic chapel at Holywell.

w. y. ll.

^ Lewjs Dwnn's Visitation^ vol. i, p. 311.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

1611. — Rowland Owen.

Deputy, Edward Pugh.^

Arms. (?)

At., a cross flory, engrailed sa., inter four Cornish cTioiighs, ppr.,
on a chief, a boar's head couped of the field (leuan Caer Einion).^

EowLAND Owen, Esq., was probably of Llunllo, in
the parish and hundred of Machynlleth. The identity
of this sheriff is, however, involved in some uncertainty
from the fact that there were two contemporary Row-
land Owens of Machynlleth, but of totally distinct
families. One was the second son of John ap Owen ap
Howell Goch of the town of Machynlleth, descended
from Cadwgan ap Elystan Glodrudd ; the other was
the son of Owen ap John ap David, whose descendants
were designated of Llunllo, in the hundred of Machyn-
lleth, and were descended from leuan Caer Einion.^

The inquiry is of some interest, inasmuch as Owen,

^ Edward Pugh was probably the second son of Rowland ap
Richard Pugh of Dolycorslwyn (L. Dwnn, Visitation, vol. i, p. 271),
and he who married Mary, daughter of Griffith Kyffin of Cae
Coch {lUd., p. 296).

2 The arms also borne by leuan Caer Einion were ar., a lion
rampant, sa. The dijfference, a canton sa., was granted in 1582 to
his descendant, Edward Owen, ancestor of the Woodhouse family.

3 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 321.

38 SHERIFFS OF MOISITaOMERY SHIRE.

the great-grandson of leuan Caer Einion, was the
ancestor of several local families of influence. This
Owen had three or more sons — David, ancestor of the
Owens of Llunllo ; Howell, whose grandson, " Edward
Owen, of Shrewsbury, gentilman," had a confirmation of
arms and the grant of a crest from "Roberte Cooke, Esq.,
alias Clarencieulx, principall Hereald and King ol
Armes," 8th December, 25 Eliz., 1582,^ and was the
ancestor of the Owens of Woodhouse ; and Richard,
who was the ancestor of the Owens of Condover.

Reverting to our difiiculty, our local records style
the Rowland Owens referred to, " of Machynlleth," no
mention being made of "" Llonlloyth" or Llunllo as a
distinct domicile until 1639, when we find " Thomas
Owen of Llonlloyth, gen.," on a grand jury. There is,
however, not the same difiiculty in distinguishing the
fathers of the two Rowlands. The father of the Row-
land Owen of the town family was John ap Owen.
The father of Rowland Owen, the father of Thomas
Owen of Llunllo, was Owen ap John, or " Owen Jones
M'. of Arts," as he is styled in the Cedwyn MS.^

No more can be done beyond the endeavour to arrange
under each of the houses such particular notices as our
records afibrd of their respective members.

In 28 EHz., 1586, the town family was represented
by "Johes Owen Paroch. de Machynlleth, gen.," on
the second jury of inquisition at the assizes of that
year.

In 35 EHz., 1593, Johes Owen de Machynlleth,
gener., appears on a jury. In 36 Eliz., 1594, *' Johes
Owen, gen'os," was mayor of Machynlleth.

In 39 Eliz., 1597, Johes Owen de Machynlleth, ar.,
appears for the first time on the roll of county magis-
trates ; and on the 44th Eliz., 1602, for the last time.

1 See Appendix A. The following are the arms on his tomb,
quarterly, 1, A, a lion rampant and canton, sa. (Owen) ; 2, A, a
cross fleury between four martlets, sa., (Edwin, King of Tegingl).
Owen and Blakeway's HisL of Shrewshurit, vol. ii, p. 232.

2 Under « Machynlleth."

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 39

In 1602, George Owen of Henllys, in Pembroke-
shire, when giving an account of the mansions and
alliances of the chief gentlemen of Montgomeryshire,
mentions this John Owen, and '' Machynllaeth" as his
mansion, but takes no notice of the Llunllo family.^
John Owen married Mallt, daughter of Richard ap
Hugh ap Evan of Ehos y Garreg; their second son was
Rowland Owen.^

The leuan Caer Einion, or Llunllo family, was very
probably represented by " Owinus Johnes, gen'osus,"
Mayor of Machynlleth, in the 17th Eliz., 1575; by
" Bowlandus Owen, gen., maior de Machynlleth," in
the 39th Eliz., 1597; " Kowlandus Owen, ar., maior
de Machynlleth," in the 4th James I, 1607 ; on the
roll of magistrates, and Mayor of Machynlleth, in the
7th James I, 1610 ; sheriff this year, 1611 ; and on the
roll of magistrates to the 1st Charles I, 1625. By
" Thomas Owen, gen," Mayor of Machynlleth, 20 James
I, and certainly by " Thomas Owen of Llonlloth, gen.,"
on the county grand jury, 10th May, 15th Charles I,
1639. Rowland Owen of the Llunllo family is styled
Esquire,^ which the Rowland Owen of the town family
is not. Moreover, the former married Elizabeth, the
sister of Rowland Pugh of Mathavarn, sheriff in 1609.
From the above it may be fairly inferred that the
sheriff of this year was of the Llunllo family.

W. V. Ll.

APPENDIX A.

Gonfirmation of Arms and Grant of Crest to Edward Owen.

To all and singuler as well nobles as gentiles as others to
whom theise preasentes shall come, Roberto Cooke Esquier
alias Clarencieulx principall hereaald and King of Armes of
the southe east and weast partes of this realme of England
from the river of Trent southwardes, sendith greetinge in our

1 See Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 346.

2 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. '^96.
^ lUd., vol. i, pp. 296, 321.

40 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Lord God everlastinge. Wheras aunciently from the begin-
ninge the valiant and vertuous actes of worthie parsons have
ben com ended unto the worlde with sondrye monuments and
remembrances of their good deseartes, amongst the which the
chiefest and most usuall hath ben the bearinge of signes in
shields cauled armes, which are evident demonstrations of
prowis and valoir diveresly distributed accordinge to the qual-
lities and deseartes of the parsons, which order as it was most
prudently devised in the beginninge to stirre and kindle the
hartes of men to the imitacion of vertue and nobleness even so
hath the same ben and yet is continuall3^e observed to th'end
that such as have don comendable service to their prince or
country either in warre or peace maye both receave due honor
in their lives and alles deryve [ ? devise] the same successively
to their posteritye after them, and being required of Edwaed
Owen of Shrewsbery Grentilman, to make searche in the regis-
ters and recordes of my office for such armes and creast as are
unto him descended from his ancestors, whereuppon consider-
ing his reasonable request I have made searche accordingly
and do fynde the said Edward Owen to be the sonn of Richard
Owen, the sonne of Howell Owen, the son of Owen : so that
fyndinge the trewe and p'fecte discent I could not without
his greate injury assigne unto him any other armes than these
which are unto him descendid from auncestors — videlz* he
beareth for Owen the fyeld silvery a lyon rampant sables, and
for his difference a canton of the second, the lyon langued and
inarmed azure. And for that I fynde noe creast unto the
same as comonly to all auncient armes their belongeth non,
I the said Clarencieulx Kinge of Armes by power and auc-
toritie to me comitted by Ires pattente under the greate scale
of England have assigned given and graunted unto his auncient
armes, for a difference the canton sable aforesaid, and the creast
hereafter following, videlz^ uppon the healme on a wreathe silver
and sable, a spread eaglets head displayed gould, erased gules,
manteled gules, dobled silver, as more plainly appereth de-
picted in the margent. To have and houlde the said armes
and creast to the said Edward Owen gentilman and to his pos-
terity, and to the posterity of Richard Owen his father with
their due difference, and he and they the same to use and en-
joye for ever without impediment lett or interrupcon of any
parson or parsons. In witness whereof I have sett hereunto
my hand and seale of office, the eighte of Decamber A5 dom.
1582, and in the 25th yeare of the reigne of our soueraigne
lady Queue Elizabeth, etc.

Signed, Rob'^. Cooke, alias Claren Cieulx,

(L- S.) Roy D^armes.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

[N. B. — Shield painted silver, which has turned black and
dirty. Crest, a fat double headed eagle or, erased at shoulders
gules, eyes red, also the lion ramp, sable, is armed azure.']

'^ A grant of a crest to the arms of Edward Owen of Shrews-
bury, gent., A.D. 1582.-'^

Copied from the original parchment preserved at Wood-
house, 15th May, 1869.

Geo. Geazebeoob:.

[This transcript made from the above copy, 1st April, 1870,
by M. C. Jones.]

1612. — Morris Owen.

Deputy, Athelstan Owen.^

Arms.

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, gu., a lion rampant regardant, or; 2nd and
3rd, ar., three boar's heads couped, sa., langued gu.^ tusked or.

Morris Owen, Esq., was of Ehiwsaeson, in the
parish of Llanbrynmair, and the eldest son of our
sheriff in 1 5 7 9, Eichard Morris of Ehiwsaeson.^ Morris

1 " Athelystan Owens, gen." (Peniarth list). He was the eldest
son of the sheriff. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Matthew
Herbert of Dolgiog.

2 See Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 890. " Ed'rus (Edwardus) Owen de
Bhusayson, gen.," second son of Eichard Morris and brother ot
our sheriff, was eighth on the grand jury, the 4i0th Eliz.

42 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Owen married Lucy, daughter of David Lloyd Blayney
of Gregynog, sheriff in 1577, by whom he had

I. Athelstan Owen, the deputy sheriff.

II. Richard Owen, M.A.

III. Rowland Owen.

IV. Cadwalader Owen, who married .... daughter
of John Lloyd of Dolvawr ap Evan Lloyd ap David
Lloyd of Ceiswyn.

V. Lewis Owen. vi. Hondle Owen.

I. Ellen, who married William Price ap John Price
of Peniarth.

39 Eliz., 31 Oct., 1597. Moricius Owen, gen., was on
the grand jury of inquisition at the county assizes
held at Pool. As Moricius Owen, ar., a deposition
was taken before him as a justice of the peace, " Apud
Llanhrynmayre," 22nd June, 40th Eliz. ; and " Apud
Rhywsaysson," 5th December, 42nd Eliz. He was Mayor
of Machynlleth, 43rd and 44th Eliz., and as Maurice
Owen de Rhywsaison, ar., foreman of the grand jury,
18th August, 4th James I, 1606.

His brother, "Ed'rus Owen de Rhusayson, gen."
was second on the grand JTiry at the county assizes,
44th Eliz. The latter married, ^rs^, Elen, daughter of
Maurice ap Robert Wynne of Glynne ; and, secondly,
Jane, daughter of John ap Howel ap Bedo ap Jenkyn.

W. V. Ll.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

1613.— Sir William Herbert, K.C.B.^
Deputy, Lewis Reignolds.^

Arms.

Party per pale, az. and gu.^ three lions ramp., or.

Sir William Herbert was the eldest son of Sir
Edward Herbert, Knt., of Powis Castle. Sir William
was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of
King James I, and by his son. King Charles I, was
created, on the 2nd April, 1629, Baron Powis. His
wife Eleanor was the third daughter of Henry Percy,
eighth Earl of Northumberland. On the 25th March,
1628, James, Earl of Carlisle, instructed^ Attorney-
General Heath " to prepare a grant to create Sir Wil-
liam Herbert, K.B., Lord Herbert of Powis, co. Mont-
gomery, with this special provision, that the Lady
Elinor, daughter of Henry, late Earl of Northumber-
land (now wife of the said Sir William), lose not the
precedency which she hath as an Earl's daughter."

The interesting details of the family succession, alli-
ances, official life, and career of the ennobled branch
of the Herbert family having already been presented to

1 "William Herbert, D'nus Powissie, miles" (Peniarth list).

2 " Ludovic Reignolds, gen." (Peniarth list.)

^ Domestic Calendar of State Facers, 1628, p. 220.

44 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

our readers in the able biograpliical treatise, the " Her-
bertiana,"^ little of interest remains to be recorded be-
yond the few notices our records afford of Lord Powis's
official functions as sheriff and a county magistrate.

In the 36 Eliz., 1594, we have seen^ that his mother,
" Dame Marie Herberte, wief to Sir Edward Herbert e,
Knight ;" his brothers, George and John Herbert ; his
sisters, Anne and Joyce, with several sympathising
members of local families, were presented before the
grand jury of the county by William Morgan, Bishop
of St. Asaph, and the vicar and churchwardens of Pool,
for recusancy, or a covert profession of the Roman
Catholic faith.

In the 7th James I, 1609, on the roll of magistrates,
are "William Herbert, miles," and his younger bro-
ther, " Johannis Herbert, ar." The latter, knighted
about the 19th James I, 1621, was steward of Powys,
the 3rd James I, 1605, to his mother, " D'ne Marie
Herbert, vid.," and subsequently to his brother, Wil-
liam, Lord Powis. A grant^ of the crown lands in the
county of Montgomery, on lease for twenty-one years,
was made to " Lady Maria Herbert, widowe," at a
rent of £197 25. 5d. The ministers' accounts of the
13-14 James I, 1616, show that these same crown in-
terests, in Montgomery, Kerry, and Kedewen, for-
merly the possessions of the Earl of March, were farmed
by Sir WiUiam Herbert, Knt."

From the following entry on the sheriff's file of the
7th James I, it appears that William, Earl of Pem-
broke, was either the guardian of Sir William Her-
bert, or had some conjoined interest in the lordship
of Powys. " Joh'es Herbert, ar., senescallus, Will'mo
Comit. Pembroke et Willi'mo Herbert, milit., d'mi sui
de Powys."

In the 9th James I, 1611, ''Dame Mary Herbert,
widow," still clinging tenaciously to the faith of her

1 Mont. Coll., vol. V.

2 Ibid.f " Miscellanea Historica," vol. iv, p. 264.

3 Ihid., vol. iv, p. 290. * Ibid., vol. ii, p. 204.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

youth and advanced age, again received the attention
of, and was presented for recusancy by '* us, William
Greene, John Brasier, wardens of the said p'she of
Poole." There is an autograph letter at the Eecord
office, dated the 28th June, 11 James I, addressed to
Sir Eichard Lewknor, Knt., and Henry Townshend,
Knt., Chief Justices of Chester, by *' William Herbert,
Knight, Shirief."

Sir Percy Herbert seems, from the following, to
have succeeded to the lordship of Powis before his
father, William, Lord Powis's death, which we know
did not take place until 1655.

20 James I, 1622, "Joh'es Herbert, miles, capital,
senescallus, Percei Herbert, miles, et Baronett. D'ni
sui de Powys."

At the Assizes held at Montgomery, the 28th Oct.,
9 Charles I, 1633, " Willi'mus D ns Powis" appears on
the roll of magistrates.

W. V. Ll.

1614. — Edward Price.^
Deputy, Adam Price.^

Arms.

Quarterly, 1st and 4th, gu., a lion rampant regardant, or ; 2nd and
3rd, ar., three boar's heads couped sa., langued gu.^ tusked or.

1 " Ed'rus Price de Kerry, ar." (Peniarfch list.)

2 " Adamus Price, gen." (Peniarth list.) He was a son of the
sheriflf.

46 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Edward Price, Esq., of Glanmelieli, in the parisK of
Kerry, was a cadet of the house of Price of Newtown,^
and fourth in descent from Rhys ap David Lloyd of
Newtown, who fell, in 1469, on the field of Danesmore
near Banbury. His family, through an alliance with
the Mortimers of Wigmore, Earls of March, were stew-
ards of their lordships of Montgomery, Kerry, and
Cedewain, for several generations.

Elinor, the daughter of Sir Boger Mortimer of Wig-
more, married Higyn ap Ll'n ap Griffith ap Higyn,
steward of the aforesaid lordships, whose daughter and
sole heir, Jane, married " Meredith ap Adda Moel,
Esq'r., steward of Kerry, Kedewen, Arwystli, and
Cyveiliock." Jane, their daughter and coheir, married
Howell ap David Bowdler, alias Gethin, of Brompton,
an adherent of Owen Glyndower.^ Howell Gethin's
daughter Janet married Meredith of Glanmeheli (ap
Rhys ap David Lloyd of Newtown), who, according to
Lewys Dwnn, was " Esqr. of the body to K. Henry
VII, steward of Kerry, Kedewen, Arwystli, Kyveiliok,
and high constable of Montgomery Castle." His father,
Rhys ap David Lloyd, had held the same office of trust
under Edward IV. In consequence of these and other
alliances of the family, our great herald assigns to
Richard ap John ap Meredith, our sheriff's father, the
following quarterings. " 1, Ethelstan's (Glodrydd)
coate ; 2, Llewelyn ap Madock Vaughan's coate ; 3,
Adda ap Meyrick's coate ; 4, Neuadd- wen's coate ; 5,
Meredith ap Adda Moel's coate ; and 6, Mortimer's
coate.''

Meredith ap Rhys of Glanmeheli, by his wife Janet,
had

John ap Meredith of Glanmeheli. He was not impro-
bably the John ap Meredith who is said to have been
attainted, and whose lands in the lordship of Kerry

1 See " Elystan Glodrudd Genealogical Kej Chart," Mont. Colt,
vol. ii, p. 398.

3 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation of WaleSj vol. i, pp. 315, 316 ; and
Mont. Coll.j vol. iv, p. 328, et seq.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 47

were granted, the 2nd March, 12th Eliz., 1570, to
Richard Broughton, a member of the Council of the
Marches of Wales. ^ He married Golen, the daughter
of John Gough ap David ap Griffith Lloyd of Llanw-
nog, descended from Aleth, King of Dyved,^ by whom
he had

EiCHARD ap John ap Meredith of Glanmeheli, whose
elder brother was probably Edward ap John ap Mere-
dith. The latter appears on our county grand juries
from the 3rd Eliz. to the 27th Eliz., in which latter
year he was third on the grand jury, and designated
" de Llanlligan, gen."

Meredith of Llandinam was also a son of John ap
Meredith. " Meredith ap John ap Meredith, gen.,"
was seventh on the grand jury at the assizes, the 7th
April, 34 Henry VIII, 1543, as "M'dd ap John ap
M'dd, gent.," on the 17th July, 1543, and as "M'edd
John, gent., mayor of Llanidloes, the l7th Eliz., 1574.
By his wife Elen, daughter of Rhys ap Thomas ap
Rhys ap Howel Sais, he had

I. " David Lloyd ap M'dd, gen., maior de Llanid-
los," on the sheriff's roll of the grand assize held at
Pool, the 16th Feb., 21st Eliz. He was also coroner
with Oliver Lloyd Yaughan, the 39th Eliz. He mar-
ried Gwenllian, daughter of David Lloyd Blayney of
Gregynog, sheriff in 1577 and 1585, by whom he had
a son, Rowland.

II. John ap Meredith.

I. Jane, who married David ap Rhys ap Maurice ap
Llewelyn of Llangurig.

II. Margaret, who married John Gwynn, M.A., ap
Owen Gwynn of Llanidloes. William, Earl of Pem-
broke, gave him the recordership of the crown lord-
ships in Montgomeryshire, and obtained for him the
life appointment of county surveyor for several adjoin-
ing counties. In one of the Earl's grants he is styled
** John Gwynn of Llanydlos, gentilman.""

»s

1 Mont Coll., vol. iii, p. 148. ^ Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 282.
3 Mont. Coll., vol. V, p. 396-7.

48 SHEEIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Jolin ap Meredith ap Ehys David Lloyd's daughters
were

I. Gwenllian/ who married Bees ap Morris ap Owen
of Aberbechan, our sheriff in 1565.

II. Mallt/ who married David Lloyd of Hope, ap
Eobert Lloyd of Nantcribba, ap David Lloyd Vaughan
of Marrington.

III. Jane, who married William Herbert of Park,
sheriff in 1547, third son, by his first marriage, of Sir
Richard Herbert of Montgomery.

KiCHARD AP John ap Meredith of Glanmeheli was
frequently on our county grand juries from the 16th to
the 29th Eliz. He married " Elizabeth, ye younger
daughter of Sir Bich'd Herbert, K't, son to Sir Eich'd
Herbert, K't, descended, of Colebrook/'^ by whom he
had

I. Edward Price, our sheriff.

II. James Price, iii. John Price, iv. Charles Price.
V. Thomas Price, vi. Kichard Price.

I. Margaret, ii. Mary.

The above descent was " testified by Rich'd Jno.
Meredith and Edward Price,^ vi. die Junii Anno E-.R.
Elizabeth xxviii. Anno Domini 1586.^

Edward Price of Glanmeheli, our sheriff, is pro-
bably identical with " Edwardus Price de Kerry, gen.,"
foreman of the second jury of inquisition of the county
the 34th EHz., 1592^ and with "Edwardus Price de
Kerry, ar," second on the grand jury, the 38th Eliz.,
1596. His first appearance on the roll of magistrates
was in the 7th James I., 1610. Edward Price, by
his first wife Catherine, the daughter of Adam Luter,
had

I. Adam Price, of Glanmeheli, his deputy sheriff.

^ Mont, Coll., vol. iii, pp. 393-6 ; and Lewys Dwnn's Visitation,
vol. i, p. 283.

2 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 276.

3 Ibid., pp. 312-15.

^ Either Edward ap John ap Meredith, alias Price, his brother,
or Edward Price, his son.

5 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 316.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

II. John Price, who died l7th December, 1634,^ and
a daughter, Elizabeth.

He married, secondly, Mary, daughter of Eobert
Hughes ap Hugh Trevor of Wrexham.

Adam Price of Glanmeheli, his son and heir,
married Susanna, sister^ and heir of David Powel of
Weston. After his decease she married Evan Glynn
of Glynn, sheriff in 1628. Adam Price's son by Susanna
Powel was

Richard Price of Glanmeheli, who married the
daughter of Evan Glynn, who had married Susanna,
his father's widow. ^ His descendants will be found
among our sheriffs of a later period.

W. V. Ll.

1615. — Edward Price.-

Deputy, Francis Thomas.^

Arms.

Quarterly, 1st and 4tL, gu., a lion rampant reguardant or ; 2nd and
3rd, ar., three boar's heads couped sa., langued gu., tusked or.

^ Cedwijn MS.j under " Glanmeheli in Kerry."
2 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 331.
^ Cedwyn MS., under Glanmeheli.
* " Ed'rus Price de Nova Villa, ar." (Peniarth list.)
5 " Fran'cus Thomas, gen." (Peniarth list.)
VOL. VI. E

50 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

The recognisances of this year's sheriff are filed at
the Record Office as those of Edward Price, Esq., of
Newtown, and clearly distinguish him from his kinsmen
and contemporaries, Edward Price of Glanmeheli, and
Edward Price of Vaynor/ He had, in 1586, served as
deputy sheriff to his father, John Price of Newtown.
He as Edwardus Price, with Joh'es Hugh ap. Morys,
gen'osi., served the office of bailiff of Newtown in the
36th Eliz., 1594. As his father John Price de Nova-
villa, ar., appears for the last time on the list of county
magistrates, the 41st Eliz., 1598, it may be presumed
that it was our sheriff, whose visit to Shrewsbury is
recorded in the bailiffs accounts of that place in 1601.
" Bestowed on Mr. Price, of the New Towne, and other
gentlemen of worshipe having occasions with Mr.
Bailiffs in the Bothehall, a potell of Muscadell and three
fine cakes, 2s. 6d." Edwardus Price de Newtowne, ar.
appears for the first time as a magistrate on the roll
7th James I. He married Juliana, daughter of John
Owen Yaughan of Llwydiarth, sheriff in 1583, by whom
he had

Sir John Price of Newtown, created a baronet 1 5th
August, 1628. He married Catherine, the relict of
James Stedman of Strataflorida, and daughter of Sir
Richard Price of Gogerddan, by whom he had

Sir Matthew Price, of Newtown, Bart., sheriff in
1659.

w. y. ll.

^ See Elystan Glodrndd Key Chart to Sheriff's famih'es of his
tribe, and a notice of the Newtown family under Matthew Price,
our sheriff's grandfather (Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 398).

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

1616. — EicHARD Lloyd of Harrington.

Deputy, Thomas Morris.^

Arms.

1. Sa., three nag's heads erased (2 and 1), ar. (Lloyd.)

2. 6?., a grifiBn segreant, or (Llowden).

3. /S., a chevron between three owls, ar. (Broughton.)

4. (t., three snakes no wed in a triangular knot, ar. (Ednywain
ap Bradwen.)

5. Ar.., on a bend vert, three wolfs heads erased of the field
(Ririd Middleton, descended from Ririd Flaidd, Lord of Penllyn).

6. Vert, a chevron between three wolf's heads erased, ar. (Ririd
Flaidd i. 6. Wolf.)

7. G., on a bend or, three lions passant sa. (Sir Alexander Mid-
dleton, and Middleton of Middleton, parish of Chirbury.)

8. Ar., two Cornish choughs in pale, proper. (De Boulers or
Bowdler).

Meritune, or Marrington, for six generations the
patrimony of the Lloyds, our sheriff's family, was a
distinct manor in Witentreu (Chirbury) Hundred, at the
time of the great survey recorded in Doomsday Book.
It was one of those which Robert Fitz-Corbet held of
the Norman Earl of Shrewsbury, Roger de Mont-

^ " Thomas Morris, gen." (Peniarth list), was of Llandinam, and
married Audry, daughter of Roger Lloyd of Talgarth, ap Humphrey
Lloyd of Leighton, our first sheriff (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 303).

E 2

52 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

gomery. Eobert Fitz-Corbet left two daughters co-
heirs, one of whom, Sibil, by marriage with Herbert,
the Chamberlain of King Henry I., conveyed her in-
terest in her fathers barony to her issue, the Fitz-
Herberts, who thus became seigneural lords of Har-
rington.^

The tenants of this manor, holding it by one third
of a knight's fee, were members of the Norman family
of De Buthlers, De Boulers, or Bowdler,*^ descended
from the ancient feudal lords of the Honor and Chatel-
lany of Montgomery.^

It is not improbable that the common ancestor of this
family of De Boulers was a companion of the Conqueror,
a faithful adherent of his son, King Henry I., and a
kinsman of Earl Eoger de Montgomery, the first
Norman Earl of Shrewsbury. Ordericus, the historian
of his time, and the eldest son of Odelerius, chief
councillor of Earl Boger, was born, as he informs us,
on the 16th February, 1075, nine years after the con-
quest of England, and was baptized at Atcham, near
Shrewsbury. At the age of eleven he entered the
monastery of St. Ebrulf of Uticum, about ten miles
from Oximin (now Hiemes, near Falaise), the caput of
Boger de Montgomery's Yiscomte in Normandy. In
this peaceful seclusion he wrote the history of national
events down to the capture of King Stephen in February,
1141.

Bobert de Belesme, the son of Earl Boger de Mont-
gomery, succeeded his brother, Hugh de Montgomery,
as third Norman Earl of Shrewsbury. Not content
with an authority and domain of already princely pro-
portions, his arbitrary rapacity prompted, and his court
interest facilitated, his easy appropriation of the castles
and lands of his less powerful neighbours and kinsmen.

^ Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, vol. vii, p. 146, et seq.

2 This surname had no settled orthography, and when treating
of the same individual our records give it in a variety of forms,
i. e., as de Boulers, de Boilers, de Bolleres, de Builliers, de Buthlers,
de Buthley, de Bowdlers, and in more modern times, Bowdler.

^ Eyton's Ant. of Shrojpshire, vol. xi, p. 92.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Ordericus tells us that, in 1098, he obtained from
William Eufus " Blida and all the lands of his kinsman
Boger de Buthley."

The disputed succession to the throne of England,
and the consequent family strife that ensued between
the rival aspirants, Henry I. and his elder brother,
Robert Curthose, divided the allegiance of the great
feudatories. De Belesme unfortunately joined the con-
federation against Henry I. and suffered accordingly.

After seizing his castle of Arundel, " the king, a.d.
1102, marched to Blida Castle, which, having formerly
belonged to the ejected Roger de Buthley, opened its
gates on the approach of the Royal army."^ With this
favourable turn to the Royal fortunes, it was quite in
accordance wdth a sense of gratitude that the well-
timed services of Roger de Buthley and his family
should meet with suitable honours and rewards.

Recorded events of the period make no further men-
tion of Roger de Buthley. He not improbably died on
the field of battle, fighting against his supplanter,
Robert de Belesme ; but they do most distinctly and
appositely of Baldwyn de Bulers or de Boilers, as the
recipient of Royal favours, apparently as a reward for
marked personal attachment to King Henry I. "It is
certain," says Mr. Eyton, " that on the fall of Robert
de Belesme, in 1102, King Henry I. having the chatel-
lany of Montgomery as an escheat, augmented it largely
with distant estates, and granted it to Baldwyn de
Boulers in marriage with Sibil de Falaise, his niece. "^
Proximate members of the Honor of Montgomery
were, amongst many others, Hope Bowdler and Ash-
ford Bowdler, and one of its more distant acquisitions

1 " Blidam quoque totam que terrain Eogeri de Buthleio cognati
sui jure repetiit et a Rege grandi pondere argenti comparavit."
Orderici Vitalis Uticensis Monachi Ecclesiasticce Liber aj, p. 768,
Normaiiici 8criptores of du Ches7ie, sub anno 1098.

2 " Unde Rex ad Blidam castrumquod Rogeri de ButWeio quon-
dam fuerat exercitam promovat." Ordericus^ lib. xi, p. 806, sub
anno 1102.

8 Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, vol. xi, p. 120.

54 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

was the rich manor of Badmunsfield, in Suffolk, of
which it is stated : " Henricus Eex primus dedit maner-
ium de Badmundlfeld Baldwino de Bulers in libero mari-
tagio cum Sibilla de Faleisse "^

The blood relationship between Roger de Buthley,
Lord of Blida, and Baldwyn de Bulers, first Norman
Lord of Montgomery, may be inferred from the identity
of name f from the fact that the Honor of Montgomery,
given in dower by King Henry I. with his niece Sibil
de Falaise, formed part of the escheated territory of
Bobert de Belesme, the supplanter of Roger de Buthley,
Lord of Blida; and that the year 1102 witnessed the
concurrence of the following associated events : the re-
capture of Roger's castle of Blida, the fall of his enemy
Robert de Belesme, the royal alliance of Baldwyn de
Bulers, and the latter's acquisition of De Belesme's
lordship of Montgomery.

Following Mr. Eyton in his history of the De Boulers,
Barons of Montgomery,^ we gather that Baldwyn de
Boulers held the Honor of Montgomery for life ; that
he gave the Welsh interpretation of his name, " Tre

1 46 Willielmus de Cantelupe defunctus. Extinta terrarum, Suf-
folc' Vide aO 39 Henry III, ^o. 38, et Excerpta e Rot. Fin., IT,
100, 113, 195, 209, quoted in Roberts's Galend. Genealogiciim, and
Eyton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. xi, p. 146.

2 Although Baldwyn de Bulers witnesses Henry I's charter to
Shrewsbury Abbey as " Baldwin de Boilers," the identity of the
family surname with that of Roger de Buthley, Lord of Blida, is
thus shown. Stephen, son of Baldwyn de Bulers and Sybilla de
Falaise, and his successor as Lord of Montgomery, is styled, circa
1160, " Stephen de Buthlers'' (Eyton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. vii,
p. 389), " Stephen de Boilers" (ibid., vol. xi, p. 58), and " Stephen
de Buler" (ibid., p. 160). His son Robert, the founder of Chirbury
Priory, is styled " Robert de Buthlers, Lord of Montgomery" (ibid.,
vol. xi, p. 58), de Buslers, de Boilliers, de Bodliers, de Bullers, de
Bouleres, de Budlers (ibid., pp. 122-3). Baldwyn, his brother, and
the succeeding Lord of Montgomery, is styled Baldwin de Buthlers
(p. 58), de Boilers, de Bullers, de Bodliers, etc.; and these arbi-
trary variations in orthography occur throughout the family suc-
cession.

3 Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, "Barony of de Boilers,"
vol. xi, pp. 117-147. ^ ^ ' J'

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHEEE. 55

Yaldwyn/'^ to the town lying under the walls of the
great border stronghold, to which the builder, the great
Earl Roger, had abeady assigned his family name of
*' Montgomery."

In the year 1121 he, as " Baldwin de Boilers," affixed
his signature and attestation to Henry I's great charter
to Shrewsbury Abbey.^ After the death of Sibil,
Baldwyn married a second wife, by whom he had sons
and daughters. His son and heir by Sibil de Falaise
was

Stephen de Boulers, Lord of Montgomery.^ He,
as "Stephen de Buthlers," greets (circa 1155) Walter
Durdent, Bishop of Chester, and advises him that he
has given Stallington for the souls of his father and
mother, and for the health of himself and wife, in the
church of Stone, which Stallington was of his fee.
Witnesses : Maria, Stephen's wife ; Robert, his son ;
Philip de Buthlers ; Leonius de Buthlers ; Ernulf,
nephew (nepos) of Baldwin de Buthlers.^ " Stephen
de Boilers," as a former Lord of Montgomery, had
granted to the ancestor of John Fitz Bichard, of
Chirbury, living in 1255, half a virgate there. His
son

Sir Robert de Boulers, Knt, Lord of Montgomery,
was amerced forty marks for forest trespass by Henry
II, as appears by the Shropshire Pipe rolls. He held
large possessions in Shropshire, Suffolk, Wiltshire, York-
shire, Lincolnshire, Staffordshire, and was seigneural

1 Baldwyn's Town. " I should observe,' 'says Mr. Eyton, " that
the Welsh called the town of Montgomery Tre-Valdwin. This
was from Baldwin de Boilers (who lived in the time of Henry I,
and was Lord of Montgomery) ; not, as Mr. Blakeway suggests
(Hist, of Shrewsbury, vol. i, p. 41), from any Baldwin of the family
of Hodnet" {Arit. of Shropshire, vol. vii, p. 7, n. 5).

2 Ihid., vol. xi, p. 121 ; Salop Chartulary, No. 35.

3 Stephen de Boilers, as Lord of Montgomery, had enfeoffed the
ancestor of William de Hockleton (living in 1255) in half a virgate
of land in the manor of Chirbury, which was^ included in the
latter's service for Hockleton (Eyton, vol. xi, p. 160).

* Cottonian MSS.; Yespas, E. xxiv, fo. 9; Eyton's Ant. of
Shropshire^ vol. vii, p. 389.

56 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

lord of Hope Bowdler, Asliford Bowdler, Wilderley,
Chelmick, and other places in, and on the borders of,
Shropshire in the year 1176.

" Robert de Bodliers " was assessed in Shropshire for
two scutages of Normandy in 1195 and 1197. In 1201
and 1202, "Robert de Bouleres'' paid scutage on three
Shropshire fees, to the second and third scutages of
King John. His contemporary assessments in York-
shire and Lincolnshire were for estates acquired with
his wife, Hillaria Trusbut. Her munificent charters to
Lilleshall Abbey are still extant. " Robert de BuUers "
was also munificent in his ecclesiastical endowments.
He bequeathed Rowton to Shrewsbury Abbey, and
Pulton in Wiltshire, a member of his Honor of Mont-
gomery, to Lilleshall Abbey. '^^

Towards the close of the twelfth century he, as
" Robert de Buthlers," Lord of Montgomery, founded
the Priory of Chirbury,^ the advowson of which con-
stituted the richest part of its endowment. It appears
by an inspeximus of the 11th Henry III, that he gave
to it the church of Chirbury, with the lands all along
the road usque Maerbroc.^ " The ancient parish of
Chirbury was indeed enormous. With the exception
of Worthin, it probably included the whole of the
Doomsday Hundred of Witentreu or Chirbury. Thus,
not only Churchstoke, but the various churches and
chapels which have at any time been founded at Mont-
gomery, Snead, Forden, and Hyssington, were origin-
ally affiliations of the Church of St. Michael at Chir-
bury. This great advowson was part of the endow-
ment which Robert de Buthlers bestowed on Chirbury
Priory."* Before Michaelmas 1203, this potent Lord
of Montgomery died, and was buried in Lilleshall
Abbey. He was succeeded in the Chatellany and Ho-
nor of Montgomery by his brother,

^ Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, vol. xi, pp. 122-3.

^ He had previously established a priory at Snead (Monasticon,
vol. vi, p. 580).

^ Cart. 11 Henry III, p. 2, m. 2 ; Duke's Ant. of Shropshire, p.
124. 4 Eyton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. xi, pp. QAi-b.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Baldwyn de Boulers, who died without issue, and
with him expired the elder male line of De Boulers.^
His barony of Montgomery became consequently es-
cheated to the crown. '' What the King retained as
an escheat, and as subject to no hereditary claims, was
the Chatellany, i.e., the Castle, Manor, and immediate
dependencies of Montgomery, including the Seigneury
of Chirbury Hundred, and the services due from many
manors therein. The Honour, or that part of the es-
cheated barony of Montgomery which consisted of
many manors in Shropshire and other counties, was
suffered by the Crown to go to the collateral heirs of
De Boilers, according to the weight of their claims."^

This Robert de Boulers, his brother Baldwyn, and
others, witness an ancient deed, without date, relating
to Marrington under its Welsh synonym, the " Havod-
wen,"^ or " white summer house.'' The late Mr.. Joseph
Morris saw this deed at Attingham Hall ; and an
epitome of its contents is thus given by the herald,
Lewys Dwnn, in his Visitation of Wales.^

" Rob't Ll'n of Mountgomery and Maud his wife gave the
Havodwen to Eleanor vrch Goodrids of Hockleton, and after
her decease to Margery her daughter and heires, who married
W^m of Marrington, and to their issue for ever. Witnesses
to ye sameRob't Lord Bowdler, Baldwyn his brother, Hadon
of iladon, Adam of Pontesbury, Roger de Bowdler, Roger de
Say, and others.^^

An approximate date can without difficulty be as-
signed to this ancient grant, for the witnesses were the
Lord of Montgomery and his feudal retainers living at
the close of the twelfth century.

Sir (Dominus) Robert de Boulers died in 1202-3.' His
brother, Baldwyn, died Lord of Montgomery before

1 Eyton, vol. xi, p. 126. ^ Ihid., vol. xi, p. 145.

3 Probably identical with Allport, or that part of the Marrington
estate lying over the Montgomeryshire border, in the township of
Rishton.

* Edited by Sir Samael Meyrick, vol. i, p. 277.

5 Eyton's Ant. of 8hroj)shire, vol. xi, p. 123.

58 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

1207.^ "Hadon of Hadon' was probably Eyton of
Eyton near Alberbury, which he held of the Honor of
Montgomery.^ "Adam of Pontesbury" was living in
1210.'^ "Roger de Bowdler," or de Boulers, between
1203 and 1209, attests a grant of lands to Lilleshall
Abbey, made by Hillaria Trusbut, widow of Sir
Robert de Boulers/ " Roger de Say" had a mesne in-
terest in Hope Bowdler in 1201-2, where he was a
tenant of Robert de Boulers, Lord of Montgomery.^

Our immediate purpose is to trace the members of
the " De Boulers" or " Bowdler" family, lineally de-
scended from the Norman lords of Montgomery, and of
the blood of Sibil de Falaise, who continued feudal
tenants of the Crown in the escheated portion of the
Barony, and were settled as early as the close of the
twelfth century in Aston, Rishton, Brompton, Wins-
bury, Marrington, Rorrington, Chirbury, Ackley, and
other places in the immediate vicinity of the Castle of
Montgomery.

" Robert de Boulers, Lord of Montgomery (who died
in 1203), gave the whole vill of Aston Kelmund (Upper
and Lower Aston) to his son William."^

William de Boulers (i), son of Sir Robert de Boulers,
Knt., Lord of Montgomery, either sold or mortgaged
Aston to Giles, Bishop of Hereford, between 1200 and
1216. Aston was eventually seized by King Henry
Ill's Bailiffs of Montgomery, as a part of the Honor
of Montgomery committed to their keeping.^ He held
Rishton (containing part of the Marrington estate),
Brompton, and Ackley as the Kings tenant. A writ
close of 29th August, 1226, tells us that he had en-
feoffed his brother Engeram in lands there. He was
deceased in 11 Henry III, 1226-7, when the estate was
in the King's hand.®

William de Boulers (ii), of Rishton, Brompton,

^ Eyton's Ant. of Shrojpshire, vol. xi, p. 126.
2 Ihid., p. 79. 3 xii^^^ yol. vii, p. 184

* Ihid., vol xi, p. 169. 5 Jjjici.^ vol. v, p. 115 ; vii, p. 173.

^ Rot. Hundred, ii, 60, as quoted in Mr. Eyton's Ant. of Shrop-
sMre, vol. xi, p. 155.

7 Eyton, vol. xi, p. 155. 8 j^^l^ pp. 153^ 154^

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMEEYSHIRE. 59

Ackley, etc. On the Originalia roll of 1226-7 it is noted
that William, son and heir of the deceased " William
de Bouleres" (i), owed the King IOO5. for his relief of
one fee in Acleid.

On the 14th June, 1233, the King, then at Wor-
cester, orders John le Strange, then constable of the
castle of Montgomery, to give " custody of the castles
of Mongomeri and of Sneth" to William de JBoeles.
On July 11th, 1233, the King, being at Westminster,
assigns the revenues of the borough of Montgomery to
William de Boeles,^ as wherewith to support himself
in custody of the " castles of Mongomeri and Sneth."
And on September 23rd, 1233, by writ dated at
Eversham, the King's mandate is issued to William de
Boeles, constable of Montgomery, to receive Griffin, son
of Wenuwen, and his people (gentem) into the town.^
He probably died before 1235, as at Michaelmas in
that year John le Strange again appears in office as
constable of Montgomery. He was succeeded by

Baldwyn de Boulers, or Baldwyn Fitz William.
In 1233 Baldwyn, Provost of Montgomery, and Kobert
de Broy repaired the castle. A tower beyond the
Castle well had also been repaired at the King's ex-
pense, under the view of Bobert de Broy and Baldwin
de Montgomery. In the pipe roll of 1237 the King is
charged £37 135. for five wooden turrets made in the
forest of Snead under the view of Baldwin Fitz William
and Bobert de Broy. The same visors had repaired the
walls of Montgomery at a cost of 3^ merks.

30th May, 1251, twenty-four jurors sat at Mont-
gomery on various matters. Of their number was
Baldwin de Budlers, Stephen Fitz William, Walter his
brother.

" Baldwin de Montgomery, alias Baldwin Fitz Wil-
liam," was a tenant both in Chelmick and Hope
Bowdler. In a grant to Buildwas Abbey it states
''quod ego Willielmus filius Willielmi de Chelmun-
dewyk dedi, etc., cum corpore, dimidiam virgatam in

1 Eyton's Ant. of Shrojpshire^ vol. xi, p. 138.

2 Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 22.

60 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Hope (Bowdler) quam Baldwinus filius Willielmi de
Mungomery tenuit."^ This deed probably passed about
1245-1250. The Mnnslow Hundred Eoll of 1255 says
that " Baldwin de Mungomeri holds Cheilmundewick
(Chelmick) of Odo de Hodnet."^

Inquests of 1249, 1250, and 1251 are attended by
''Baldwin Fitz William" ''Baldwin de Budlers" and
"Baldwin de Montgomery."

On September 18th, 1251, the King orders Guy de
Eochfort and John le Strange to ascertain whether it
would injure the Crown to allow "Baldwin de Mont-
gomery" to turn the course of the Severn, so as to bring
it to a mill, which he had obtained by grant of certain
Welshmen. A charter of October the 5th, 1252, grants
the required privilege to " Baldwin de Mungomery, the
Kings Burgess" at an annual rent of half a merk.

Baldwyn de Boulers married Christiana, the eldest
daughter and co-heir of John de Mariton (Harrington).
The latter died before 1240.

In addition to any estate acquired with his wife, he
possessed independent holdings in Harrington and
Rorrington. Soon after 1256 commenced a lawsuit
with reference to those estates, which was protracted
to the time of Baldwyn de Bouler's death, circa 1272.
By Christiana he had

William de Boulers, or William Fitz Baldwin, his
eldest son and heir, who occurs long before his father's
death. " Among the Placita coram Rege of Hichaelmas
Term, 1260, Sir Thomas Corbet, Baron of Caus, is
found suing William de HocJcleton and William Fitz
Baldwin for an attack on Boger Fitz Adam and other
men of the Baron when passing through the land of
Mungomery, towards Corbet's castle of Wyrehruch, and
on Corbet's business. The Court had evidence that
the defendants, who did not appear, lived at Chelmick^
and at Chirbury."*

1 Eyton, voL xi, p. 351. 2 ij^ij,^^ p. 350. 3 jr?,^•7., p. 161.

* It is probable," says Mr. Eyton, "that William, son of the
above Baldwin de Montgomery, transferred his estate at Chelmick
to Hugh de Wotherton, living from 1272 to 1285 (Eyton, vol. xi,
p. 352).

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 61

In 1272 he occurs on a Chirbury jury as "William
Fitz Baldwyn" and as ''William de Bolers of Marrinor-
ton" in 1286. July 1st, 1277, preparations being made
by Edward I for the invasion of Wales, Sir Peter
Corbet acknowledged the service of five fees as due
from the Barony of Cans, and proposed to perform it by
two knights (himself and Sir Robert Corbet) and six
servientes, one of which was '' William de Boules."^ An
inquest held at Pontesbury, 26th August, 1286, states
that "William de Bolers,"a tenant of John Fitz Reginald
at Harrington, owed certain appearances at his Suze-
rain's Court of Pontesbury. 2

He died about September, 1299, leaving a son and
heir, William, aged twenty-six years on 1st August,
1299, and a widow, Margaret. Besides his estates at
Harrington and Rorrington, he had lands and tene-
ments in Wynesbury, Stanlawe, and Brompton. The
inquest, of 1299, on the death of this "William de
Bolers", found him holding tenements in " Hariton"
under John Fitz Reginald (his brother, Peter, was the
reputed ancestor of the Herberts) by service of pro-
viding one soldier in war time, at the moat of Poole,^
with a bow, two arrows, and a bolt (trivolo) for a night
and day ; and by service of appearing thrice yearly at
Pontesbury Hanor Court. He had also held certain
tenements at Rorrington of the same John Fitz
Reginald, but without any service rendered.

In 1299 "William de Bowdlers" received the profits
that accrued from the Court Baron of Pontesbury,^ and
is stated to have been seized of an estate at Birrington
(Beritune).^

1 Eyton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. vii, p. 33.

2 Inquis. 28 Edward I, JSTo. 33.

3 "Ad motam de Pola." Mr. Eyton, in his Antiquities of Shrop-
shire, vol. xi, p. 91, n. 2, makes the following remark. " This ser-
vice is extraordinary. I know of nothing which, at the period,
should make the services of Fitz Herbert's tenants returnable at
Powis Castle. Afterwards, when several of Fitz Herbert's Shrop-
shire Seigneuries were conveyed to the Barons Cherlton of Powis,
the arrangement would have been more intelligible."

* Duke's Ant. of Shropshire, p. 105.

5 Duke's Ant. of Shropshire, p. 291, Esch. 28 Edward I, n. 29.

62 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Margaret, the widow of this Wilham de Boulers, of
Harrington, was doubtless the heiress of '^ the Havod-
wen" named in the before-mentioned undated deed
tested by *^ Robert Lord Bowdler" and others, and the
daughter of *' Eleanor vrch (daughter of) Goodrids
( ? the Goodrider or Knight) of Hockleton."

We are told that " Margaret, daughter to Howell
de Brompton, sonne of Sir Bobert ap Madoc of Overis
(Overs, near Bishop's Castle), Knight of the Holy
Sepulchre, married William Bowdler."^ That "Howel
ap Sir Bobert ap Madoc ap Eynion ap Gwdrys maried
Alner (Elinor), daughter of Sir — Goodrich, of Lydbury,
who built Goodrich Tower in Bishop's Castle."^

It is needless to tell the student of genealogy that
the early generations of many of our pedigrees are not
always reliable ; and that their value chiefly consists
in the general view or outline they present of family
descents and alliances, which it is the province of the
student of family history to verify or support by the
evidence of authoritative contemporary records. Our
investigation in this case will evolve several interesting
particulars of local history ; and serve to establish the
reputation of our local heralds.

We will now notice what is reliable in the history of
Howel de Brompton's family. His grandfather Madoc
was tenant in capite of Overs, Broughton, and Home
(near Bishop's Castle), Mucklewick, Middleton, Bromp-
ton, and a feudatory of the Barony of Caus for Weston
Madoc. He became a monk in or about the year 1200,
and probably a crusader, as he is frequently styled
" the good Knight," and " Knight of Bhodes.'^ He was
succeeded by his son (Sir) Bobert ap Madoc, who
proffered a fine of fifteen merks to King John for
such hereditary rights as his father possessed when he
put on the habit of religion.^ Of these inheritances

1 " Visitation of Salop," Sari. MS., 1982, under " Bowdler of
Hope Bowdler."

2 Gedwyn MS., nnder Alston (Aston).

^ See Mr. Eyton's Antiquities of Shropsliire, vol. xi, p. 85.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

were Middleton, Brompton, and Weston Madoc. His
brother Madoc de la Home succeeded to Broughton and
Home. Margaret, the daughter and co-heiress of
Griffith ap Jenkin, of Broughton, his descendant in
the sixth degree, conveyed by marriage the Broughton
estates to her husband, Sir Griffith Yaughan, Knt.
Banneret.^ " At the Salop Assizes, of October, 1203,
Robert fitz Madoc sat as a juror, and apparently a
knight, in some principal causes.^' In 1209 he was surety
for Bobert Corbet, Baron of Caus, for a forest trespass.
He is said to have married " Joes, daughter of Peter (?)
Corbet, Lord of Cawrse i"'' but she must have been, if
any, a daughter or sister of this Robert Corbet, as
Peter Corbet occurs at a much later period (1260, oh.
1300) as Lord of Caus. In the early part of the year
1224 several writs were passed in his favour. On
October 4th, 1224, King Henry III orders Baldwin de
Hodnet, Seneschal and Custos of Montgomery, to give
" Robert fitz Madoc such seizin of Middeton and
Bromton as he had when he set out to see Llewellyn
on the King's affairs." On November 28th, 1224,
Robert fitz Madoc being dead, the King, at the instance
of Llew^ellyn, orders Godescal de Maghelins to deliver
to the widow of the said Robert such portion of his
lands and chattels as was customary in those parts, she
having been nurse to the King's niece, Llewellyns
daughter. On February 13th, 1225, the same func-
tionary is ordered to take lawful men of the Honour of
Montgomery and go to the late Robert fitz Madoc's
estate at Weston, and, after assigning his widow her
dower thereon, to deliver the residue up to Thomas
Corbet (Lord of Caus from 1222 to 1274), of whose fee
Weston was. Another precept of February 25th ex-
tends the above order to any other lands of the de-
ceased, besides Weston, the King repeating the grounds
of his personal interest in the widow, viz., that she had

1 Mr. Joseph Morris's MS. Visitations of Salop, " Lloyd of Mar-
ton" and " Broughton of Broughton.

2 Cedwy7h MS., under " Gwdrys," p. 79.

64 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

nursed his niece."^ Sir Robert ap Madoc's sons were
Owen ap Robert ap Madoc, of fnll age, 3rd April, 1225,
and at least two others, Meurich fitz Robert, and the
before-mentioned Howel fitz Robert, the father of
Margaret de Boulers of Harrington, and the foster
brother of Llewellyn's daughter. '' In or about the
year 1242, Hoel de Brompton died seized of all Bromp-
ton and all Weston. The former he had held of the
King, by serjeantry, as of the Honour of Montgomery,
and the latter he had held under Thomas Corbet."^
Certain tenements at Brompton, held of the Honor of
Montgomery, had been settled by his brother, Owain
de Brompton, conjointly on his niece Margaret, her
husband, William de Boulers of Harrington,^ and their
heirs.

Contemporary with Howel de Brompton was Walter
de Hockleton, probably the brother of his wife Alner,
or Eleanor, and the son and heir of the " Goodrids of
Hockleton '^ of the deed. This Walter de Hockleton
had, in 1224, been disseized of his land by Godescall
de Haghelines, Bailiff of Hontgomery, without any
Royal precept. The King, by a writ close of March
28th, orders it to be restored under replevin. " The
Feodary of 1240 gives Walter de Hocketon as holding
half a knight's fee in Hoketon, deVallo Hontisgomeri."
A writ of June 8, 1250, announces the death of Walter
de Hoketon. William de Hokleton, his son and heir,
did homage at Westminster on October 22, 1250. The
Hundred roll of 1255 states as follows: — "Hokeltun
is half a hide. William de Hokeltun holds it, and a
certain mill therein, and half a virgate in Chirbury
Manor for half a knight's fee ; doing three weeks'
guard at Montgomery Castle in war time, and doing
suit to Chirbury Hundred throughout the year, and
going to hunt thrice yearly with the Lords of Mont-
gomery. As to this half virgate in Chirbury there is a
distinct entry which Mr. Eyton says leads him to the

^ Eyton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. xi, pp. 85, 86.
2 I6a,p. 150. 3 Ihid.,^.l7l.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

rconclusion tliat William de Hokletun's ancestors had
been enfeoffed a hundred years before. The entry is
as follows : — " William de Hokeltun holds half a virgate
in Chirbury Manor, of the gift of Stephen de Buler,
and he holds it included in his service for Hokelton."
Stephen de Boilers, Lord of Montgomery, it is known,
lived in the reign of Stephen.^ This latter is the
William de Hokleton who, in 1260, was implicated
with William Fitz-Baldwin, his cousin Margaret's
husband, in the attack on Sir Thomas Corbet's men,
who were passing through the land of " Mungumery ''
towards Corbet's castle of Wyrebruch.^

William de Boulers (ii.) son and heir of William
Fitz-Baldwin and Margaret, was twenty-three years of
age on the 1st August, 1299. He was deceased on
October 1st, 1323, having held, amongst others, a mes-
suage and forty acres of land, in Manton, under John
de Cherlton by service of 55. rent. The annual value
of the tenement was 10s. 6d.^

Egbert be Boulers, son and heir of the deceased, was
twenty-one years of age on Nov. 1, 1323.^

'' 10 Edw. Ill, 1337, Robertus Budlers filius et haeres
W'mi Budlers dat domino regi 2s. 6d. pro relievo suo
de qui'busd. terris et tenements in Winisbirie et Chir-
berie tenentis in capite ut de Castro de Montgomery.^"
An aid roll of 1346 gives John, son of llobert de
Boulers, as holding one-fortieth of a knight's fee in Wyn-
nesbury.^

In 1346 "William de Boudlers" and certain capar-
ceners held that eighth part of a knight's fee in
Brompton which Meuric de Hope had once held.'' This

^ Ey ton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. xi, pp. 160-1.

2 ikd., p. 161. Could this "Wyrebruch," or " Withy brook
Castle," be identified with either " Simond's Castle," or the " Castle
of Sneth" or Snead (see Eyton, vol. xi, p. 138), near the banks of
the Camlad ?

3 Inquis. 17 Edward II, No. 15. ^ Ibid.

5 Vitellus C, 2 Cott., Lib.

6 Eyton, Ant., vol. xi, p. 169. ' Ihid., p. 73.
VOL. VI. F

66 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

William seems to have been a brother, not a son, of
Bobert de Boulers, and the father^ of

Hugh de Boudlers, who on the death of John de
Cherlton of Powis, in 1374, was found to be his tenant
in respect of the whole Manor of Mary ton, which he
held by service of one third part of a knight's fee. The
estate was then worth six merks per annum}

Thus far the authenticated historical details of the
barony and family of De Boulers have been principally
derived from Mr. Ey ton's exhaustive work, The Anti-
quities of Shropshire. He says, in closing his account
thereof with " Hugh de Boudlers," that the succession
of the above branch of a numerous family is unusually
clear. ^ Fortunately, for our purpose, Lewys Dwnn, the
Deputy Herald for the Principality in 1586, and a
Montgomeryshire man, gives us further particulars of
the family of this Hugh de Boudlers, or "Hugh Bowdler,"
as he styles him, and of the devolution of the Manor of
Marrington or the Havodwen through heirs female to
the great-grandfather of our sheriff.

He gives the following tabular descent from

Hugh Bowdler^

William, Robert, Catherine =F Peter Middleton of

o.s.jp. o.s.p. Bowdler. I Montgomery.

Jolin Middleton TElen, vrch GriflSth Wyn.

David Lloyd Vaughan ap David =f Margaret, sole heiress of John Middleton
Lloyd ap Sir Griffith Vaughan. of Havodwen,

and says, '' Hugh Bowdler had no more children but
two sons and one daughter, and severall say that
Griffith ap Howel ap David cannot derive himself from

^ The original herald's visitations (for 1628) of Salop, now in
the Shrewsbury School Library, as well as other pedigrees, concur
in making Hugh de Boulers the son of William de Boulers, who is
again the son of a William de Boulers, as above.

2 Inquis. 48 Edward III, No. 19. Eyton's Ant., vol. xi, p. 92,.

8 Vol. xi, p. 171.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

^"7

this Bowdler. It appeareth per Jno. Middleton's fFefF-
ment from his Uncle and his Mother s Brother, yt she
was sole heiress after his decease. The fFeoffers names
were Thomas Corbet of Lee, Esq., and Phillip ap Jenkin,
in the 1st year of Ed. the 4th,"' 1461.

Catherine Bowdler having survived her two brothers,
who died without issue, left the Harrington or Havod-
wen estates to her only son, John Middleton.^ The
latter was slain, 8 Edw. IV, 1468, on the fatal field of
Danesmore, near Edgecote, in Northamptonshire, and
three miles from Banbury, in Oxon, where Sir William
Herl)ert, Earl of Pembroke, and his brother, Sir Richard
Herbert, Knt., were taken prisoners, and afterwards
beheaded. Margaret was his only child and heiress,
and was doubtless very young at the time of his death,
for twenty-one years after, in the 5th Henry YII, 1489,
her claim to the Harrington estates was still being
contested by Griffith ap Howel ap David, alias
Bowdler, of Balcheldre, the ancestor^ of the Bowdlers,
alias Gethyn, of Brompton, and collaterally descended
from the William de Bowdlers (ii) who died 1st Aug.,
1323.

Lewys Dwnn* gives " the names of the nineteen
witnesses yt was against Griffith ap Howel ap David
of the Eustock^ and with Hargaret Hidleton, heiress

^ Lewys Dwnn's Visitation of Wales, vol. i, pp. 276-7.

2 See Visitation of Salop, 1623, under "Bowdler of Redge,"
Chirbury parish, Barl. MS., 1983.

3 Mr. Joseph Morris's MS. Visitation of Salop, under " Gethin of
Brompton."

4 Yol. i, p. 276.

5 Yr Ystog=Churchstoke. The bard, Lewys Glyn Cothi (Dosp.,
iii, 31) addresses a poem to this Griffith ap Howel ap David ap
Cadwalader of Bacheldre, in the parish of Churchstoke, Montgome-
ryshire. He alludes to his office as steward of Caus Castle, reminds
him of being the son of a warlike father, " Howel of the steeled
lance," and as still possessing a portion of the estate formerly held
by his great grandfather, Cadwalader. The implication of his
father Howel in the rebellion of Owen Glendower has been already
alluded to (see Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 329). His grandfather, David
ap Cadwalader of Bacheldre, to whom Deio ap leuan Du composed

F 2

68 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

to Jolin Midleton ap Pierce Midleton, viz. : Eirid
Midd]eton\ Hugh Ford'% Jolin Middleton^ John Hockle-
ton^ WiUiam Young, Griffith Edward, John Foord,
John Brockdyn^, David ap Howel, WilKam Green,
Maurice ap Hugh of Gwnle'', Nicholas Corbett, John
Penry of Stockton^ Rob't Peg, Griffith Bryan, Howell

an elegy, lost the greater portion of his estate in the same cause
(Ihicl)

^ E-irid Middleton, descended from Ririd Flaidd, was the first of
his line to assume the surname. His property at Middleton was
derived from his mother Sislie, the daughter of Philip ap Robert ap
Sir Thomas Middleton, Lord of Middleton. He married Margaret,
the daughter of David ap Howel of Arwystli, and the niece of Sir
Griffith Vaughan. He was the ancestor of the Middletons of Chirk
Castle, Gwenynog, and Garthgynan, in the county of Denbigh
(Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 322, note 4).

2 The Ford family were of Montgomery. Their pedigree was
entered at the Salop Visitations {Harl MS., 1396, fo. 340).

2 John Middleton was the eldest son of Robert Middleton, by his
wife Ann, daughter of Nicholas Ford of Montgomery (ap William
ap Sir William Ford). He married Elizabeth, the daughter of
Reginald ap Sir Griffith Vaughan, knight banneret (L. Dwnn, vol.
i, p. 322), and their son, " Edraundus Mydelton, ar.," was a magis-
trate for Montgomeryshire, 82-33 Henry VIII {Mont. Coll., vol. ii,
p. 215).

* John Hockleton, eighth in descent from Walter de Hockleton
of Hockleton, in the parish of Chirbury, who held it by half a
knight's fee in 1240. Arms, A., a fess 8., fretty or^ between three
crescents sa. His son Walter married Margaret, daughter of John
Wynn of Broughton (^. e. " John Brockdyn," eighth witness above).

^ John Brockdyn, or John Wynn of Broughton, was the son of
Reginald of Garth (third son of Sir Griffith Vaughan), by his second
wife, Mawd, daughter of Jenkyn ap lorwerth of Ynysymaengwyn.
For his issue, who assumed a surname from their estate at tipper
Broughton, near Bishop's Castle, see L. Dwnn, vol. i, p. 329.

^ Maurice ap Hugh of Gwnle was the ancestor of the Prices of
Gunley. His father, Hugh ap Watkin, married Margaret, the
heiress of Gunley, and daughter of David Lloyd ap Griffith ap Ririd
of Llwyn Ririd in the parish of Forden. Her brother, John Lloyd
ap David, inherited Llwyn Ririd, and was the ancestor of the
Jones's of Llwyn Ririd (L. Dwnn, vol. i, p. 291).

'' John Penn of Stockton, in the parish of Chirbury, was the
eldest son and heir of Richard Penn, by Lowry, a natural daughter
of David Lloyd of Leighton ap Sir Griffith Vaughan, knight ban-
neret (Gedwyn MS., Sir Gruffydd Vy chart's Family, continued).
Madock Penne, the great grandfather of Richard, is, in the visita-
tion pedigree of this ancient family {Harl.MSS., 1241, fo.l28; 6172,

.^>

''Ar.-'/n.J/o^J.

R1BY

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 69

ap John, Richard ap Evan, Walter Beg alias Meadow\
John Rob't in the 5th Year of King Henry the Vllth
Reign."

Griffith ap Howel ap David of Bacheldre, proved
■unsuccessful in his suit, for Margaret Middleton and
her husband, David Lloyd Yaughan, ap David Lloyd
of Leigh ton, ap Sir Griffith Yaughan, Knight Banneret,
conveyed Harrington, the ancient inheritance of the
De Boulers, to their descendants the family of our
sheriff.

Commemorative of this transfer of the manor of Har-
rington, Lewys Dwnn gives the following :

" As verifiethe the Welsh poet :
Lie Bowdler mor ber ar bauge,
Yw He Dafydd Lloyd ifange.^^^
or,
'^ Where Bowdler so long had spit and board.
Is now the place of young Dayid Lloyd.^^^

One of the few memorials of the *'De Boulers'' still
in existence are some ancient arms in cut stone over
the entrance to the old part of Harrington Hall. They
are given in illustration No. 1. Either by virtue of
their royal or Plantagenet descent, or from feelings of
reverence and gratitude on the part of their heirs, their
arms, ar., two Cornish choughs, in pale, proper, appear
in the first quarter ; in the second, sa., three nags'
heads erased, ar, (Lloyd) ; in the third, sa., three owls,
ar. (Broughton) ; in the fourth, gu., on a bend, or, three
lions passant sa. (Hiddleton of Hiddleton).

fo. 24), styled of "the Bryne ;" and his son Thomas, on his mar-
riage with Jouet, daughter and heir of Walter Hoord of Stockton,
was the first who settled at Stockton.

1 Walter Redge, or Bowdler, of the Ridge, in the parish of
Chirbury, married Lucy, daughter of David Lloyd ap Sir Griffith
Vaughan, knight banneret. Their pedigree was entered at the
Salop visitation of 1684.

2 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 276.

3 Or, " David Lloyd the younger."

70 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

After this account of the patrimony, the family
descent of our sheriff requires some notice, for the most
ancient and approved Welsh bards and genealogists
trace the descent of the " Lloyds of Harrington,'' in
the direct male line from Vortigern, King of the
Britons, and existing public records, deeds, wills, and
parish registers support their testimony from the close
of the twelfth century to the present day\

"John Salusbury de Erbistocke," writing in 1677^
derives the family from

'^ Kadelh Deienllug, Prince of Powys, Lord of Ewyas, Ear-
gain, aPs Vachinfield in Herefordshire, Hneally descended from
Gwrtheirn, called by the English historians, Yortigern, Lord
of Ewyas and Ergain aforesaid, and some time King of the
Brythaines/^

John Eeynolds, of Oswestry, says of Brochwel
Ysgithrog, grandson of *' Cadelh Deirnllwg " —

*' Perhaps some will question why I give the priority of all
the succeeding documents to Brochwel Ysgithrog, my censure
is because BrochwePs coat armour {sa., three nag^s heads
erased, ar.) is the most primitive coat now in use within the
six counties of North Wales, it ought to have the precedency
of others."^

The royal line of Cadelh Derjmllwg, through Nest,
Princess of Powys, and grandmother of Roderic the
Great, was not deprived of the throne of Powys until
the eleventh century. The "Brut "thus notices the

^ Heraldic as distinct from historical authority for this descent is
derived from Lewys Dwnn's Visitation of Wales, vol. i, pp. 289,
301, 317; the Cedwyn MS. ; the English Herald's Salop visitations
of 1584 and 1623, in the following Harl M8S., No. 615, fo. 242 b,
No. 1241, fo. 3 b, No. 1472, fo. 18, No. 1982, fo. 151; and parti^
cularly from the manuscript genealogies of Shropshire and border
families by the late Mr. Joseph Morris, the result of the life-long
research of a patient and conscientious student of family history.

2 "The Genealogie of the Ancient and Worshipful Family of
Wynne of Garth." " This," he says, " was collected out of the
books of Owen Salusbury of Rug, Esq. ; Robert Davies of Gwy-
saney, Esq. ; Peter EIHs of Wrexham, Esq., and of others." It is
now m the possession of the Earl of Powis.

3 Printed in 1739.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 7l

event tinder the year 1062. " The Brothers Bleddyn
and Rhiwallaun took the sovereignty of Powysland
from the tribe of Brochwel Ysgythrog, which was
not right. "^ The usurper Bleddyn ap Cynvyn, in the
estabhshment of ^ve new Royal Tribes, politically
ignored and excluded therefrom the families of the
ancient but fallen dynasty. Well may Mr. Philip
Yorke in his Royal Tribes^ ask the pertinent question —
" Why Jestyn ap Gwrgant, a petty lord of Glamorgan,
and a character in everlasting disgrace, should be thus
dignified (as the head of one of the Royal tribes), while he
was the foinider only of ignominy and loss of dominion
to himself, of slaughter and slavery to his country, is
difficult to adjust ; and that Brochwel Ysgithrog, a
Prince of Powys in its highest splendour, having Shrews-
bury for its capital, and a chief of great power and martial
character, should have his name omitted even in the
fifteen tribes is alike inscrutable."

However, if Jestyn ap Gwrgant lost Glamorgan by
incautiously soliciting Norman aid, it was the more
fortunate Meredith ap Bleddyn who, unable to succeed
to the whole of his father's usurpations is reputed,^ and
doubtless for the better security of his uncertain suc-
cession to Powys, to have been the first lord thereot
who yielded himself to hold the same of the Norman
King of England.

The light of history, afforded by the annals of our
Saxon conquerors and other important witnesses, will
not unfrequently be found to dispel the gloomy sus-
picion which some may entertain of the early genera-
tions of the line of our Powisian Princes. Calendars
of the British church have enrolled as saints, and from
remote ages the churches of the land have recorded as
their founders, the kings or princes of ancient Powys.

Mr. Rees informs us from authoritative genealogical
sources that Cadelh Deyrnllug married Gwawrddydd,

1 Myv. Arch., vol. ii, p. 516. ^ Introduction, p. v.

3 Some ascribe this politic submission to his son GriflBth ap
Meredith ap Bleddyn. See Mont Coll., vol. i, p. 262, note 1, " The
Feudal Barons of Powys."

72^ SHEEIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIKE.

the daughter of Brychan, and that amongst his sons
were Cyiian Glodrudd; Saint Cyngen-^ and Tegid Foel,^
lord of Penllyn, in Ederinion. The latter was the
grandfather of Gwynlla Filwr, the father of St. Cadoc,^
first Abbot of Llancarfan and the founder of numerous
churches, and grandfather of St. Beuno,^ to whom
several churches are dedicated ; among which Berriew
and Bettws are in Montgomeryshire.

Gwinjin Frych, a younger son of Cadelh Deyrnllug,
was the ancestor of Tudor Trefor, lord of Hereford,
Gloucester, Erging, Ewyas, Chirk, Whittington, Os-
westry, and both Maelors/

Saint Cyngen, Prince of Powys, and son of Cadelh
Deyrnllug, in whose territory was situated the cele-
brated Monastery of Bangor Iscoed, endowed it with
lands, and was a distinguished saint of the British
church. There was once a church dedicated to him in
Shrewsbury.^ Mawn, one of his sons, was also deemed
a saint. By Tangwstl, the grand-daughter of Brychan,
lord of Brecknock, he had with other issue his cele-
brated son,

BuocHWEL YsGiTHROG, Auglice gay-toothed. Prince
of Powys. The latter married Arddyn Benasgell,
"the wing-headed," daughter of Pabo Post Prydain,
a saint and the presumed founder of Llanbabo in
Anglesea, where a stone still remains bearing his
effigy with the following inscription, " Hic Jacet Pabo
Post Prud Corpors . . . te . . . Prima.''^ The
brother of Arddyn was Dunawd, abbot of the mona-
stery of Bangor Iscoed, and the contemporary of St.
Augustin.^ Consistently with this relationship, and
the interest that Brochwel Ysgithrog and his father,
St. Cyngen, naturally took in the chief ecclesiastical

1 Welsh Saints, pp. 161, 170, 268. 2 j?,,-^,^ pp^ 175^ 177^

8 Hid., p. 268. 4 Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 265.

' Rees' Welsh Saints, p. 207.
^ ^ Ibid., p. 168. He first distinguislied himself as a brave war-
rior. Losing his territory in the north, he sought refuge in Wales,
and was hospitably received by Cyngen ap Cadell, the Prince of
Powys, who gave him lands. He afterwards lived a holy life, and
was accounted a saint of the British church. 7 Rges, p. 206.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. "73

institution of their dominions, we find the venerable
Saxon, Bede, representing "Brochmail" as the British
general in command of the defending force, defeated by
Ethelfrith after his slaughter of the monks of Bangor ;^
and at a previous consultation of the hierarchs of the
British church with St. Augustin, Bede describes the
former as ''seven bishops of the Britons," and many
very learned men, principally from their most famous
monastery, called in the language of the Angles Ban-
cornahury, over which Dinoot the abbot is said to have
presided at the time.^ The date of this council is said
to be 603. St. Augustin died in 605.

The battle of Caerleon or Chester, or as the Welsh
have named it, " the battle of the orchard of Bangor"
took place, according to Bede, after the death of St.
Augustin.^ Brochwel's escape from this disastrous en-
gagement, with a small band of about fifty followers, is
also recorded by Bede,^ who is again followed by the
. Saxon chronicle. There is reason for stating that he
was at this time considerably advanced in years, as his
eldest son Cadelh, and his grandson Selyf, alias Solo-
mon, ap Cynan Garwyn, both fell in defence of the
monks of Bangor. This is gathered from the Annals of
Tighearnach under a.d. 613. " The battle of Cairelegion
where the holy men were slain, and Solon Mac Coiiian
king of the Britons fell, and King Catula fell there.
Ethalfraich was the victor, who afterwards immediately
died."^ The Annals of Cambria evidently refer to the
same event under the " CLXXX year. The battle of
Cair Legion, and there fell Selim the son of Cinan,
The rest of Jacob, the son of Beli."^

An equally early notice of some interesting particu-
lars of our Powisian Prince is contained in the legend
of St. Monacella, which says —

'' Fuit olim in Powisia quidem princeps illustrissimus no-
mine Brochwael Yscithrog et consul Legecestrise, qui in urbe

1 Bedae Historia Ecc, lib. ii, cap. 2. ^ Ibid.

3 ReesV Welsh Saints, p. 293. , * Hist Ecc, ii, 2.

^ Haigb's Anglo-Saxon Sagas, pp. 125-6.

74 SHERIFFS OF MONTOOMERYSHiaE.

tunc temporis Pengwern Powys (quod Latiue souat caput
paludis Powys) nunc vero Salopia dicta est, habitabat, cujus
domicillum seu habitaculum ibi steterat ubi collegium divi
Ceddae episcopi nunc situm est. Ac idem princeps preclarus
suum domicillum aut manerium supradictum ex sua mera
liberalitate in usum Dei simul et ipsius obsequio in eleemosy-
nam dedit, et perpetuo pro se et liaeredibus suis concessit."^

By Arddyn, who has left an enduring name in
Dolarddun, '' Arddun's Meadow," in the parish of Castle
Caereinion, Prince Brodhwel had " Cadelh/ King of
Powys," killed at the battle of Bangor, Cynan Garwyn,^
of whom presently, Bod, St. Tysilio, Mawn, and perhaps
others.

St. Tyssiho is said to have been bishop of St. Asaph,
and according to the situation which he occupies in his
pedigree must have been the immediate successor of
his cousin St. Asaph, who gave his name to the diocese.
Cynddelw, a bard of the twelfth century, adverts with
pride to the circumstance that the saint was "nobly
descended of high ancestry ;" and records the numerous
churches of his foundation.^ Of those in Montgomery-
shire, Browne Willis says were Meifod, and Llandyssilio.^
" Tyssilio seems to have founded religious edifices
beyond the limits of his diocese, taking advantage
probably of his brother's (Cynan Garwyn's) conquests."*
He was a bard, and is reported to have written an
ecclesiastical history of Britain, alleged to have been
preserved in manuscript as late as the year 1600.^

^ S. Melangell, or S. Monacella, was the foundress of Pennant
Melangell. She was the daughter of Tudwal Tudglydd of the line
of Macsen Wledig. Her history is rudely sculptured on the gallery
of the church, and several of her relics are still shown to the credu-
lous. The cell of Diva Monacella is in a rock near the church
(Rees, p. 269). Her Latin legend, now extant, is quoted by several
writers as authentic : by Powel, p. 22 ; by Enderbie, in his Cambria
Triumphans, p. 207 ; by Davies of Llansilin, in his Display of
Heraldry, Salop, 1716; by Carte, and Owen and Blakeway (vol. i,
p. xi), the Shrewsbury historians. See also a note on S. Monacella
in the poetical works of Lewys Glynn Cothi, part ii, p. 362.

2 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 319.

3 Rees' Welsh Saints^ pp. 277-8.

4 Ibid., p. 279. ' Ibid. p. 277, note.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 75

Cynan Garwyn, after the death of his brother
Cadelh, and probably during the protracted lifetime of
his father Brochwel, directed the military, as his bro-
ther St. Tyssilio had administered the ecclesiastical,
affairs of Powys. " He shared largely in the feuds of
the times, and a poem of Taliesin describes his vic-
torious career along the banks of the Wye, in the Isle
of Anglesea, on the hills of Dimetia, and in the region
of Brychan; chieftains trembled and fled at his approach,
and he slaughtered his enemies with the gory blade."^
The genealogists, anticipating by several generations
the fallen fortunes of the direct male branch of the
royal house, style him '*lord of Guilsfield and Bro-
niarth"; possessions, which although incommensurate
with his power and the extent of his dominion as King
of Old Powys, were certainly, and are still partly, held
by his descendants. He was succeeded in the princi-
pality of Powys by his grandson,

Mynan, al's Mynogan, whose father Selyf, alias Solo-
mon, shared the fate of so many of his family and fol-
lowing at the battle of Bangor. " Dona, one of the sons
of Selyf ap Cynan Garwyn, was the founder of Lland-
dono in Anglesea ; his wake is November Ist."^ St.
Beuno, who built a church at Gwyddelwern in Merio-
neth, on lands granted to him by Cynan ap Brochwel
Ysgythrog, Prince of Powys, ^ is said, in the legend of
St. Winefrede, his disciple, " to have been deprived of
his mansion by the superfluity of the sons of SelyvT^

This '' Mynan al's Mynogan whom some call Mael-
Mynogan ; others make them two different descents as
father and sonne ; but generally they are supposed to
bee one person, and Mael to be only an adjunct given
him for the armour which he wore.''^ He was suc-
ceeded by his son,

1 Rees' Welsh Saints, p. 277.

2 Ibid., p. 302. 3 iii^^^ p. 268.

^Quoted in Owen and Blakeway's Hist, of Shrewshunj, vol. ii,
p. 35.

^ " Genealogie of Wynne of Garth, by John Salusbury de Erbis-
tocke."

76 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMEEYSHIRE.

Beli, Prince of Powys, and he by his son,

GwYLAWc, Prince of Powys, "called by George
Owen, Harry Kynllan, and by others Gwnawc and
Gwallawc."^ There is however a record in existence
which confirms this link of the received genealogy of
the Brochwellian Princes, in the following portion of
the inscription on the memorial cross of Prince Eliseg
his son, raised by the latter's great grandson, Cyngen
ap Cadelh, also Prince of Powys, over his ancestor's last
resting place in Valle Crucis,

" Concenn filius Cattell, Cattell filius Brochmail,
Brochmail filius Eliseg, Eliseg filius Guoillauc.''^

This invaluable record of the struggles of the Povrysian
Princes with their Saxon invaders in the eighth century
proceeds —

" Ipse est Eliseg qui recuperavit hereditatem Povosie
post mortem . . . per vim e potestate Anglorum
gladio sui."

It is certain that it was not until the victorious
reign of the Mercian King Offa, which continued from
755 to about a.d. 794, that the finest part of Powys
became a confirmed part of the Mercian territory ; and
that Shropshire was permanently annexed to England
by that stupendous dyke which still bears his name.
PoweP says that King Offa died in 796, " and some-
time after died Cadelh, King of Powys," the grandson
of Ehseg. The "Brut"' gives a.d. 804 as the date of
the death of " Cadell, King of Teyrnllwg, now called
Powys." Cyngen ap Cadelh, Prince of Powys, his son,
was murdered at Home a.d. 854 ; so that the close of
the reign of Eliseg will synchronize with the early part
ofthatofOfia.

" Pengwern Powys or Shrewsbury may have been
the portion of his ' inheritance of Powys ' which he re-
covered from that powerful Saxon ; but which, finding
it untenable without a greater force than he could

^ John Salusburj, ut supra.

2 From a copy of the inscription in Owen and Blakeway's Hist.
of Shrewshuryy vol. i, p. 17 ; see also Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 297.

3 P. 18, Richard Llwyd's ed. ^ Myv. Arch., p. 686.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 77

maintain, lie relinquished by treaty ; and retiring into
the more mountainous parts of the Powisian territory,
found sepulture in the Vale of the Cross, in the parish
named after his sainted kinsman TyssiHo ; and be-
queathed his name to the rocks (the ' Glwysig rocks')
which shade his sepulchral column."^ Of the sons of
Eliseg, Brochwel succeeded him as Prince of Powys,
and his second son,

Cyngen, had for his portion Guilsfield, Broniarth,
and Deuddwr. John Salusbury, of Erbistock, remarks — ■
" He is said to have borne for his coat armour sa.. three
horse heads erased, ar. This coat I find attributed to
all his ancestors aforesaid, but some of his posterity
altered it as follows. Hee married and had issue
Aeddan ap Kyngen, Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and
Deuddwr, and I suppose Bivlch Aeddan retains his
name to this day, as Llanerchrochwel doth that of his
ancestor. This Aeddan is said to have altered'^ his
paternal coat armour and to have taken ^partie per
pale or and ^ules two lyons rampant endorsed and
counterchanged of the field,' which some suppose to be
given him for a reward of his good service in the warrs
with the Princes of Powis and South Wales ; whose
arms they are united in one escutcheon, but others
rather think this bearing an assumption of his own as
being a pretender to both those principalities in the
male line, the elder houses of both being terminated in
daughters." Either he or his son Brochwel ap Aeddan
had good grounds for this pretension as regards their
succession to the principality of Powys. Powel says,
under the year 854 — " Kyngen (ap Cadelh ap Broch-
wel ap Eliseg) King of Powys having gone to Kome,
there to end his days peaceably and religiously, expe-
rienced a death not so natural as he had anticipated,
being barbarously slain, or as some say choked by his
own servants." He died, it is presumed, without
issue, leaving a sister Nest, who had married Gwyriad

1 Owen and Blakeway's Hist, of Shrewsbury, vol. i, p. 14, n. 1.

2 See also Lewys Dwnn, vol. ii, p. 235, n.

78 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

ap Elidur, King of Man ; and she, to tlie exclusion of
her second cousin, and next male heir, Brochwel ap
Aeddan ap Cyngen ap Eliseg, conveyed Powys to her
son Merfyn Frych, who fortified his assumption by
marrying Esyllt, the only daughter and heiress of
Conan Tindeathwy, Prince of North Wales. Their
son, Koderick the Great, again by an equally fortunate
marriage, secured the sole rule of Wales, by marrying
Angharad, the heiress of South Wales.^

Such a consummation of power would preclude all
hope of succession on the part of Brochwel ap Aeddan,
although it did not silence an assertion of right on the
part of his descendants to the extensive Principality of
old Powys. Assuming that Salic law prevailed, from
the fact that at this era lands, by Welsh law, were in no
case suffered to devolve on a female ; it will be seen,
in the following formula of descent from JPrince Eliseg,
that with the male descendants of Brochwel ap Aeddan
rests the titular dignity of Prince of Powys.

Eliseg, Prince of Powys. =F

Brochwel, Prince^ Cyngen, 2nd son. Lord of Guildsfield, =F
of Powys, Broniarth and Deuddwr.

Cadelh, " King of Deyrnllilg, now=F Aeddan =F

called Powys"

Cyngen, Prince of ^j^est^Gwyriad ap Brochwel ap Aeddan =f=

Powys, 0. s. 2>.. I Elidur. " de jure" Prince

Murdered at Rome. of Powys.

Merfyn Frych ^ Esyllt, Princess of North Wales.
I

Roderick the Greats Angharad, Princess of South Wales.

John Salusbury says that " Brochwel ap Aeddan,

^ Powel, pp. 20-29.

^ Lewys Dwnn, under The Descendants of Brochvjel /Scethrog,
has the following. " Cadell ap Brochwell had but one daughter,
named Nest, who carried off the Province from the males, as ap-
peareth, etc." (vol. i, p. 319)

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 79

Lord of Guildsfield and Broniartli, and some say of
Deuddwr, married and had issue Gwaeddan Eodri and
Selyf" These were most likely succeeding generations
from, and not all sons of Brochwel ap Aeddan. The
pedigree of " Blayney of Gregynog" has "Eodri ap
Gwaeddan ap Brochwel ap Aeddan."^ According to
the probably authentic pedigree of " Price of New-
town," Cadwgan ap Elystan Glodrudd married Jane/
the daughter of Brochwel ap Aeddan. It also there
states that " William the Conqueror fell upon this
Cadwgan and took all the English country from him."
Such a distant conquest is not likely to have been
consummated until the close of his reign ; therefore it
may be asumed that this calamity fell upon Cadwgan
about the year 1085. Sir Griffith Yaughan, as the
tenth generation from Gwaeddan, the assumed brother
of Jane, was in the prime of life in the 7th Henry IV.,
A.D. 1405, when he appears as a knight on the Pool
burgess roll ; and by allowing thirty-two years to each
generation, we thus obtain a.d. 1085 as the era of
Cadwgan ap Elystan ; but assuming Gwaeddan, Eodri,
and Selyf, as stated by Salusbury, to be brothers, we
have but eight intervening generations, and require
the excessive average of forty years for each up to the
year 1085. All authorities, however, met with,^ except-
ing Lewys Dwnn, who omits him,^ make Selyf the son
of Brochwel ap Aeddan.

From Brochwel ap Aeddan the diverse branches of
the tribe in Montgomeryshire derive their descent.
That their territorial interests in the county at the
beginning of the seventeenth century were considerable,
has been shown in a former page,^ and that their local
influence must have been in the ascendant may be

^ Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 299.

2 Ihid., vol. i, p. 813 ; called Elen, vol. i, p. 130.

3 Add. MS., 9864, under Griffiths of " Bwlch Aeddan." The
Cedwijn MS., under Sir Gruffydd Vychan," " Penrhyn of Rhys-
nanfc," " Lloyd of Trelystan."

* Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, pp. 317-330.
5 Mont. Coll„ vol. iv, p. 385.

80 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

gathered from the fact that from the first appointment
of a sheriff, in 1541, to the close of the seventeenth cen-
tury, on twenty-three occasions, at least, was that office
filled by members of their families.

From Brochwel three representative lines of descent
may be noted. First, the Guilsfield and Broniarth, or
" Lloyd " branch ; secondly, the Meiler Grtig, or " Blay-
ney" branch; thirdly, the Deuddwr, or "Penrhyn"
branch.^

Sir Griffith Yaughan, knight banneret, of Garth, chief
of the Guilsfield and Broniarth line, in 1447 lost his head
in the court-yard of Powys Castle for rashly advancing
a similar pretension to that ascribed to his ancestor,
Brochwel ap Aeddan, " lord of Guildsfield, Broniarth,
and Deuddwr." In the absence of clearer evidence,
it is inferred that Sir Griffith represented the senior
line, as would also our sheriff, as the representative of
Sir Griffith's eldest son, David Lloyd of Leigh ton.

Selyf (ap Bodri ap Gwaeddan) ap Brochwel ap
Aeddan, lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deuddwr,
had issue Beli and Meilir. " Griffud Hirvain'' (ap
Griffith Lloyd ap Griffith Graslwyd ap Griffith ap
Meiler ap Selyf ^) appears as eleventh witness to an
undated charter or grant of land to the monks of
Strata Marcella, which must have been excuted, by the
known era of his co-witnesses, circa a.d. 1202.*

Beli ap Selyf, Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and
Deuddwr, is also styled" Beli of the Garth." ^ He
had issue

Griffith ap Belt, Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and

^ See the " Genealogical Key Chart to Sheriffs' Families of the
tribe of Brochwel Ysgithrog" {Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 210, where,
following Lewys Dwnn, the author has omitted the generation of
" Selyf.")

2 Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 338 ; also the Poetical Works of Lewys
Glynn Cothi, p. 423, note.

^ Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 310, 317.

4 See Mont Coll., vol. iv, p. 303.

5 In the pedigree of " Gough of Marsh," Harl MS., 1241, fo.
lo/.

SHEllIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 81

Deuddwr, who had issue by Janet, daughter of Piers
Camber of Stretton ; or, according to others, of Sir
WiUiam Camber, knight, of Church Stretton,^ Gwenwys,
Gwyn, "Cadell and others/'^ Gwenwys and Gwyn,
who were brothers,^ have by some authorities been
made identical. Gwyn, by " Annes, eldest daughter of
Einion Vaughan of Ceven-y-Uys,^ or Cedwyn, ancestor
of the Prices of Newtown, had several sons, of whom
Pasgen was the ancestor of the "Penrhyns of Deuddwr"
(apparently the portion of Gwyn ap Griffith), of Meredith
ap Cadwalader ap Owen of Nantcribba, the *' Wynnes
of Dol-Arddun," the^ '' Lloyds of Glan Havon," the
" Jones' of Llwyn Birid,'' &c. ; and Griffith the ancestor,
amongst others, of the "Yaughans of Tredderwen."^

Having, with a becoming reverence for the suscep-
tibilities of our Welsh genealogists, wandered so far by
the aid of a few glimmerings of historic light, through
the darkness of that remote age to which the respect-
able traditions of the family ascend, it will be some
relief to emerge therefrom into the safer light afforded
by existing documentary evidence, and to supplement
therewith the authority of our genealogists.

Gwenwys ap Griffith, ap Beli, of the Garth, in the
parish of Guilsfield and lordship of Strata Marcella,

^ Mr. Joseph Morris's MS. Visitation of Salop^ " Lloyd of Mar-
rington."

2 John Salusbury de Erbistocke, in the " Garth" pedigree.

^ This is shown by the fact that " Sir Griffith Vaughan (ap
Griffith ap leuan ap Madoc) ap Gwenwys, Knt.," and "Evan ap
Ririd ap Meyrick ap Pasgen" ap Gwyup the fourth descendants in
corresponding generations from Gwenwys and Gwyn respectively,
appear as contemporaries on the Welshpool burgess roll, 7th Henry
IV, 7th June, 1406 (Lewys Dwnn's Visitation of Wales, vol. i, p.
312). And that Meredith ap Cadwalader ap Owen ap Meyrick ap
Pasgen, who had a grant or confirmation of lands in the vills of
Wrobton (Nantcribba) and Criggion, on the 9th February, 24th
Henry VI, 1446, from Humphrey Staffi)rd, Duke of Buckingham,
was a contemporary of David Lloyd of Leighton ap Sir Griffith
Vaughan, they being fifth descendants in corresponding genera-
tions from Gwyn and Gwenwys respectively.

* Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, pp. 314, 319.

^ See Lewys Dwnn's Visitation under these families.

VOL. VI. G

82 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

may, according to the Welsh, f agon de parler of ancient
freeholders, and by the Hght of existing charters, be
styled Lord of Guilsfield and Broniarth. He is men-
tioned as the great-great-grandfather of Sir Griffith
Vaughan of Garth, in Sir Edward de Cherleton's
charter (6 July, 7th Henry V.) of privileges to the
latter and his brother leuan,-^ for their capture of Lord
Cobham the Lollard.

This charter mentions the inherited lands of the
family in the above lordship as distinct from more
recent acquisitions, as " de hereditate et perquisicione
leuan ap Madoc ap Gwennowys antecessoris illorum
vel de purparte Griffini ap leuan patris eorum." These
lands are indefinably given as " viginti gavelle (? hold-
ings) et octavo partis gavelli terrarum liberarum,"
" et parcellas terre fir me quas predict us Gruffuth ap
leuan pater eorum tenuit de perquisitione dicti leuan
ap Madoc antecessoris eorum." It then proceeds to
describe in detail some more recent acquisitions near
" Garth " and in " Guldesfelde " (GuHsfield).

Broniarth, as well as Guilsfield, was doubtless held
by Gwenwys as a freehold inherited from his ancestors.
This is to be gathered from another charter^ from
Edwardus de Cherleton, confirming to Sir Griffith and
his brother leuan '' totam villam de B (Broniarth)
terr'. native in dominio nostro de Powys," constituting
it a manor heritable, in default of male, by female
heirs, for the feudal service, " reddendo inde annuatim
nobis et heredibus n'ris unam rosam rubram ad festam
Sti. Johis Baptist."

Gwenwys married Alson, or Alice, the daughter of
■ — Corbet^ of Lee.^ Although the Christian name of
her father is omitted by our authorities, there are the
following reasons for supposing it to be Robert.

^ See the charter and translation in Montgomeryshire Collections^
vol. i, pp. 319-23.

2 See Porkington copy of the Broniarth charter, Mont. Coll., vol.
iv, p. 371.

^ Lewys Dwnn's Vis. of Wales, vol. i, pp. 301, 328.

* " Genealogie of Wynne of Garth," by Salusbury de Erbistocke.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. . 83

Sir Eobert Corbet, Baron of Cans, who died in 1222,
had three, if not more, sons : ^ i. Thomas Corbet, Baron
of Cans (born circa 1184, died circa September 1274).
II. Eobert Corbet, supposed by Mr. Eyton to be the
ancestor of the Corbets of Lee.^ iii. Hugh Corbet,
surnamed Grosse-taille,^ or Bulky Hugh. These sons
occur at various times between 1220 and 1274. In
the former year they witness a grant of their father.
Sir Bobert Corbet. As Gwenwys was in the prime
of life in 1270, it is probable that his wife Alson was
the daughter of Robert Corbet of Lee, the second son
of Sir Bobert Corbet, Baron of Cans. This receives
some confirmation from the following association. In
1266 Peter Corbet (Sir Thomas Corbet's son), Robert
Corbet, Hugh Grysetayl (doubtless his uncles), Madoc
de Beechfield,^ son of Alson Corbet and Gwenwys, and
fifty or sixty others, were implicated in the murder of
Bichard Purcell (ii.) of Marton, and were, on 15th
May, 1272, all pardoned by the King at the instance
of Thomas Corbet, Baron of Caus.'^

Gwenwys also married Joan, or Jonet, daughter and
heir of John Bewpeo of ye Poole, by Sislie, daughter
and heir of Piers Camber of Stretton,^ by whom he had
Kadwgan ap Gwenwys. The latter married Annes,''
the daughter of Cynvelyn ap Dolphyn, a witness to

1 Eyton' s Antiquities of ShrojpsMre, vol. vii, p. 40.

2 Ibid., p. 42.

3 Circa 1250 Hugh Griseteyl held half a virgate in Wynesley
(Winsley), Ibid., p. 63. In 1251 there was a writ of disseizin against
Eugh Chrystel concerning a tenement in Wynesley (Ibid.) At the
assizes of 1272, William de Wynylegh and Agnes his wife recovered
from Robert, son of Hugh Corbet, a messuage and half virgate in
Wynelegh (Ibid., p. 64).

4 Beechfield was a member of the manor of Worthin, and is
situate about two miles from Cans Castle, and about the same from
Lee Hall.

s Ey ton's Ant. of Shropshire, vol. xi, pp. 83, 84.

6 Salusbury, Salop Visitation, 1584, " Gough of Marsh," and
Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 330, where she is called " Joned v.
John Boothby, Esq."

7 L. Dwnn, vol. i, p. 330. Her sister Alson was the mother of
Einion ap Celynyn of Llwydiarth, living 14 Edw. HI, a.d. 1340.

G 2

84 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Owen Cyfeiliog's foundation charter of Strata Marcella
Abbey in 1170. It was probably her brother "Griffino
filio Kynvelyn " who witnesses an undated charter of
Griffith ap Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys, to the bur-
gesses of Pool.^

Madoc ap Gwenwys, Lord of Guilsfield and Bro-
niarth, the son of Gwenwys by Alson Corbett of Lee,
is, as we have seen, mentioned in the above charter.
Besides his hereditary possessions in the lordship of
Strata Marcella, his other lands in Leighton, Hope,
Beechfield, and Binweston, held under the Corbet
Barony of Caus, and by his descendants under the
Staffords, were doubtless mainly derived from his
mother.

In October, 1266, Madoc de Beechfield is described
as being in garrison at Caus Castle under Thomas
Corbet, Baron of Caus.^

In 1274 " Madoc de Beechfield was a juror of
Worthyn Liberty and first juror at the Assizes in
1292.^ Lewys Glyn Cothi thus alludes to him in an
ode to his grandson, " Griffith ap leuan ap Madog of
Cawres " (Caus Castle).

'^ Griffith ap leuan ! to thy stronghold and thy Gawres,
Griffith, good of nature, uncorrupt of faith, have I named thee
Madog, generous leader, bring more to the gay court ;
The fame will grow of the soldier of (the tribe) of Gwenwys J'^

Madoc married Arddyn, daughter and heiress of
Ehys, ap Griffith,* ap Sir Aron, Knight of the Holy
Sepulchre, ap Bledri, Lord of Kill y Sant. " Arg. 3
bull's heads couped sable, attired, or ; and by her had
issue Birid, leuan, Grifiith, Llewelyn and others, who
each of them had lands by the gavel-kind law."^

' " Feudal Barons of Powys," Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 304.

^ Eyton's Antiquities of Shropshire, vol. xi, pp. 83, 108.

3 Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 333.

■* Styled " Gruffydd y Llwydiaid ar Gwenwys o Bowys" (Lewys
Dvvnn, vol. i, p. 212). His sister, Gwenllian, married " Jankyn
Fitz Adam Fitz Herbert," the ancestor of the Herberts (Ibid., p.
312). 6 Salusbury de Erbistocke.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 85

"In 1272 Griffin ap Madoc^ was impleaded coram
Rege with Loretta Hunald and Matilda Purcell, two
ladies living in Marton, for felling timber in Petronella
Corbet's bosc of Binweston."^ Madoc ap Gwenwys was
succeeded by his son,

Ieuan ap Madoc, Lord of Guilsfield and Broniarth,
who married "Gwenhwfar, daughter and heir toGryffin,
ap Alo of Powys, ap Ehiwallon Vychan, ap Rhiwallon
Lloyd, ap Ithel frewin Gwent, or 3 lyons heads erased
gules with a border engrailed az''^ By an inquisitio
post mort. of Griffin, son and heir of Owen de la Pole,
ap Griffin, ap Gwenwynwyn, taken 10 August, 1309,
we find that Griffin ap Alo, Gwenhwfar's father, Einion
ap Alo, and their brethren, held " Trevenant liber "
under Griffin ap Owen, who held " in capite baroniam "
of the King.* Ieuan ap Madoc, by Gwenhwfar, had
issue

I. Griffith ap Ieuan, of whom presently.

II. Owen of Manavon, married Auderia^ or Awdry,
daughter of Bedo Goch of Arwystli ap Griffith ap Mere-
dith ap Einion. His daughter Margaret married John^
Corbet, lord of (half) Willaston in Alberbury, living 2
Henry VI, 1423. They left two daughters, co-heirs,
Catherine, who married John Blount; and Johanna,
who married John Hopton of Rockell or RockuU. Their
descendant, Edward Hopton, and Elizabeth his wife

1 " Griffith of Plas Madoc, second sonne to Madoc ;" see Broch-
wellian Descendants, Earl. MS., 1982-1977. For his line, see
Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 322, " Llandissilio Halchdyn."

^ Eyton's Ant., vol. xi, p. 2.

^ Salusbury de Erbistocke.

* Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 154. When Griffin, son and heir of Wil-
liam de la Pole made proof of his age in 1319, " Anianus ab
Allow," one of the witnesses, declared himself to be fifty years of
age. His younger brother " Willielmus ab Allow," another wit-
ness, was then forty-six, and declared himself at the birth of
Griffin to have been " Ballivus WiUielmi de la Pole patris predicti
Griffini in terra de Mauthou" {Mont. Coll, vol. i, pp. 81, 82, 176).

^ Harl. MS., 1396, Owen of Manavon..

6 Hengwrt MS., 422. Called Thotnas, in Earl. M.S., 1396.
Pigot and Williams of Willaston.

86 SHKRIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

had a grant of the site of Chirbury Priory, 37 Henry
VIII.^

III. " David Lloit ap leuan ap Madoc de Southstrad-
Margell," who received a pardon for acts of rebeUion
under Ower Glendower, from Sir Edward de Charleton
on 11th March, 9th Henry lY, 1408.'

IV. Meredith. An original charter now at Wynn-
stay, in the possession of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn,
Bart., dated at Mathraval, 3 June, sisime (6th) Henry
IV, 1405, sets forth a grant from Edward de Charleton
Lord of Powys, to his " dear clerc " Piers, son of Piers
Camhray de la Pole, of lands which were of M'red ap
leuan ap Madoc ap Gwenwys, forfeited for his partici-
pation in the rebellion of Owen de Glendoudoy. His
daughter Jane^ married Hamlett Winsbury, of Pillaton
Hall, Staffordshire, son of John Winsbury, of Winsbury,
in the parish of Chirbury, who was sheriff of Shrop-
shire in 1429.* 27 Feb., 1431, John Wynnesbury
appears as a joint patron, with Thomas Hopton of
EockuU, and others, of Sheinton Church.^ It was
probably his grandfather,* Henry Wynnesbury,^ who
was sheriff of Shropshire in 1391. Hamlett, the son of
Hamlett Winsbury and Jane, married Alice, daughter
of Eichard Corbett, by whom he left two daughters
co-heirs, and died seized, among others, of lands in
Acton Scott in 1473.'' His daughter Eleanor married
Richard, son of William Acton of Acton Scott, and his

^ Duke's Ant. of Shropshire, p. 125.

2 See Mont. Coll., vol. iv. pp. 336-7; and Gedwyn MS., under
"descendants of Madoc Gwenwjs,"

8 " Visitation of Salop," Harl. MS., 1241, fo. 36.

4 Blakeway's Sheriffs. ^ Eyton's Ant, vol. vi, p. 220, n.

6 In 1374, Henry de Wynnesbury held half of Dudston, the
township adjoining Winsbury, in the parish of Chirbury, by service
of one-eighth of a knight's fee. Eyton's Ant., vol. xi, p. 159. The
Wynnesburys derived their name from this Winsbury. William
de Wynnesbury was lord of the vill of Wynnesbury in the Nomina
Villarum, 1316. He died 1st Oct., 1323, leaving a son and heir, John,
twenty-four years of age on the 24th June. This John was, perhaps,
the father of Henry, the sheriff in 1391 {Ibid., vol. xi, p. 1G9).

7 Duke's Ant. of Shropshire, p. 228.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 87

daughter, Alice, carried Pillaton to the Lyttletons.
The latter married Eichard, second son of Sir Thomas
Lyttleton, Knight/ Judge of the Common Pleas, to
whom his father dedicated his *' Tenures," commented
on by Sir Edward Coke. Eichard Lyttleton was the
ancestor of the Baronets of Pillaton.

The Cedwyn MS. supplements this notice of his
issue with an '' Account of the nine daughters of leuan
ap Madoc Gwenwys," as follows ; —

I. Angharad, ux. Dafydd ap Meredydd ap Gruffydd
Ddu 0 Manavon.

II. Gwen, ux. (* ap) Meredydd ap Gruffydd Ddu.

III. Arddyn, ux. Grufiydd ap leuan Lloyd of Matha-
varn. She was the grandmother of the celebrated bard
David Lloyd, ^ ancestor of the Pughs of Mathavarn.

IV. " Margaret, ux. Meredydd ap Davydd," of Neu-
addwen, "ap Gruffydd Yychan ap Gruffydd (Yyrgoch)
ap Eignion ap Ednyved ap Sullen ap Caradoc, des-
cended from Meredydd ap Cynan. Some genealogists
say from Meredydd, the brother of Bleddyn ap Cynvyn
Prince of Powys."^ " Suglen filio Carodauc" appears
as second witness to the foundation charter of Strata
Marcella Abbey in 1170;* As " Sulian, Archdeacon,"
first witness to a charter of Prince Wenwynwyn to
the monks in 1201 ;^ and thus, in a confirmation
charter of the same in 1202, *' His testibus, Suliano
Archidiacono et duobus filiis ejus Eyniaun et Idinevet."^
"Griffinum filium Eyneon filii Sulien," was sent to
King John as the twentieth hostage for Prince Wen-
wynwyn, A.D. 1208.^ His great grand-daughter Mar-
garet, as a co-heiress, ahenated the estates of her house
by marrying — ^first, Howel ap Grifiith, ancestor of the

A " By Joan, daughter and coheir of William Burley of Brom-
croft Castle, Salop."— Duke's Ant,, p. 229.

2 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, under *' Mathafarn," vol. i, p. 296.

3 Cedwyn MS., under Neuadd Wen.

4 Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 16.

5 Ibid., p. 29p. ^ Ibid., p. 301. 7 Jbid., vol. i, p. 107.

S8 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRET.

Vaughans of Llwydiarth ; second, Eees ap David Lloyd,
ancestor of the Prices of Newtown ; and third, Griffith
ap Howel ap David, of Brompton.^ A second marriage,
although not mentioned in the Cedwyn MS. was con-
tracted by Margaret ; for " Thomas Jones, Esquire, of
Fountain Gate, the Twm Sion Catti of Eomance, left
a folio volume of pedigrees, of which the following is
an extract. (See Cawres, in p. 101).

" Gruffydd ap Llywelyn ap Maredydd married Margaret,
daughter of leuan ab Madog ab Gwenwys, Lord of Guilsfield.

" Gwenevyr, daughter of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, married
John Einws or Haynes (of Stretton). See line 51.

" Mary, daughter of John Einws and Gwenevyr, married
Thomas Thynne of the Inn. Their son was Sir John Thynne,
knight, who married a daughter of Sir Richard Gresham,
knight, and had eight sons, the youngest of whom was Egre-
mont Thynne."

*' From these Thynnes spring the Viscounts Weymouth and
the Marquisses of Bath."^

V. "Annes, ux. Jenkin ap Llewelyn ap Einion ap
Kelynin," of Llwydiarth, ancestor of the Vaughans.

VI. "Eva,^ ux. leuan Gethyn ap y Cyffin," fifth in
descent from Einion Efell. She was the maternal
ancestress of the Tanats of Abertanat, Kyffins of
Bodfach, etc.

VII. " Jonet, ux. Philip Benfach."

VIII. "Gwen, ux. Meredydd ap Eignion of Cefnycoed,"
of Gwern y Buarth in Llandyssil.*

IX. "Alex, ux. Madoc ap leuan ap David Goch."
leuan ap Madoc was succeeded by his son,

Gryffith ap Ieuan, who, says Salusbury de Erbis-
tock, " was Lord of Guilsfield and Broniarth, or the
greatest part of them, for some went to other brothers
by the gavel kind law, hee married Mawd, daughter

^ Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 294.

2 See Lewys Glyn Gothi's ode to " Gruffydd ab leuan ab Madog
ap Gwenwys o Gawres," note ii, p. 423.

^ Lewys Dwnn, under " Bodfach" and " Abertanat," calls her
*' Arddyn."

* Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 300. There called " Gwenllian."

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 80

and heir to GryfFri ap Eys Yongam, descended from
Llovvdden of Mowdd. Gules a gryffon rampt. or, and
some of their posterity were so fond of his coat of
Llowdens that they bore it for some time instead of
their own. The mother of the said Mawd was" Elenor
vrch Griffith ap Wm. al's Wilcock, Lord of Mowddwy.
The said Gryffith ap levan, by Mawd his said wife, had
issue levan ^ and Sr Gryffith Yaughan, and Gwenhwyvar,
wife to David Gethin of Mechain Uchcoed."

A community of interest throws light upon this
aUiance, since we have seen that Griffith ap Alo, the
grandfather maternally of Griffith ap leuan, held
" Trevenant" under Owen ap Griffith ap Wenwynwyn,
Lord of Powys ; and that his grand-uncle, William ap
Alo, was bailiff of Mowddwy to William, or Will. Coch,
ap Griffith ap Wenwynwyn, the grandfather of Mawd
his wife.

It was the lot of Griffith ap leuan to live in troubled
times. The stirring strife of open rebellion to English
rule had driven him from the peaceful retirement of his
ancient inheritance in the vale of Cegidva and Lordship
of Strata Marcella, for purposes of aggression and better
security to Cans Castle, the frontier fortress of the
adjoining Barony ; within which, as an extensive free-
holder under the Earls of StaffiDrd and Barons of Cans,
he owed feudal service.

" The incidents of the Bebellion of Owen Glendower
in Powysland"^ have shown Griffith ap leuan to have
been an active participant in that eventful but fruit-
less national struggle.

As a prominent chief of the tribe of Brochwel, his
aid was solicited and his local inflence actively secured by
its members, the leading spirits who had early espoused
the cause of Owen. Welsh graduates in the law and
students in the University of Oxford, " had counscilled

1 Maud, daughter and heiress of David Lloyd ap leuan, Lord of
half Broniarth, conveyed his portion of that manor to Teuan Lloyd
ap David Lloyd of Abertanat, the ancestor of the Tanats. See
Thomas Tanat, sheriff in 1570 {Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 362, et seq.)

'^ Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 331.

90 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

GrifF ap leu' sckaier that duelled under Breytliin to go
till Owein and dwell with him and for to become his
mon." His brothers, Meredith and David Lloyd ap
leuan, his sons, his cousins, and immediate connections,
were available for the contingencies of the struggle.
They conspired, fought, and suffered for traditional
rights in an unequal contest ; submitted to adverse
fate, and were pardoned; but his brother Meredith,
perhaps scorning submission, lost his lands.

The ode of Lewys Glynn Cothi, the poet chronicler,
to " Griffith ap leuan ap Madoc ap Wenwys of Cawres,"
shows that bards as well as scholars of the period were
equally inspired by the national sentiment. A trans-
lation of this poem, printed in Montgomeryshire Collec-
tions, vol. iv. pp. 332-5, gives interesting details of the
situation. The gallant Earl of Stafford, having joined
the confederates,^ garrisoned his castle at Caus. Its
defence, as well as the support and protection of the
retainers of the Barony, were entrusted to our Broch-
weliian chief, probably his seneschal.^ Exultingly does
the poet describe this circumstance.

^' The warm treasure of Cawres is thine^ Grriffith,
Of the sharp-pointed spear of ash.

" Under thee, Griffith, will we unite.
Through the spearmen leuan struck ;
Since thy father, to thee we look."

" Old, and weak, and active — all
Have gone, good omen, to thy snug houses.
Old Cawres, a refuge to escape the storm/^

The poet, by ingenious prompting, arouses the dormant
ambition of his house, and excites his family pride and
military ardour by reference to his descent from the old
kings of Powys, to his ancestral and personal deeds of
arms.

^ Hall's Chron., xx h. See his account of the battle of Shrewsbury.

2 His great grandson, Humphrey Llwyd of Leighton, was senes-
chal of the barony of Caus to Edward Stafford, Duke of Bucking-
ham, and to his son Henry, Lord Stafford.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 91

" Grriffith ap leuan ! to thy stronghold and thy Cawres !
Madog/ generous leader, bring more to the gay court,
The fame will grow of the soldier of the Gwenwys.
Into thy two arms win the two Powyses ;
Griffith ! peacock, worthy and strong, head of the Gwenwys.
Griffith ! hand of Caron, uncorrupt-of-faith. Lion of Cawres.
Griffith ! of BrochweVs lineage, pure, strong of arm.
Griffith ! a great struggle approaches ! give a smart stroke."

Then, apostrophismg his son, the poet proceeds :

" Sir Griffith with Nudd^s features^ during thy father's lifetime

a burden,
(Weighs) on our two countries j Sir Aron^ doubtless art

thou,
Go ! picked men of your family ! beat AHce^s^ children —
Beat them with good confidence, kinsmen of Ehys Tewdwr."

Griffith ap leuan was succeeded by his son,

" SirGryffith Vychan of Burgedin, Treflydan, Garth,
Maesmawr, Gaervawr, and much other lands in Guils-
field, was knight Banneret under King Henry the
Fifth in Agincourt field in France."^ His claim to this
latter distinction has already been fully discussed in
the paper entitled *' A Powysian at Agincourt.* Char-
ters^ granted by Sir Edward de Charleton, Lord of
Powys, confirming the ancient family inheritances of
Guilsfield and Broniarth, illustrating an interesting
episode in his life as joint captor of Sir John Oldcastle,
Lord Cobham the Lollard, and the letter'' of the brothers
to King Henry V., have also been referred to.

There would have been little need of further com-
ment but for the somewhat mysterious occurrence of
his death.
Two elegies, written by his contemporaries LlwysGlyn

^ Madoc ap Gwenwys, great grandfather of Sir Griffith Yaughan,
married Arddyn, daughter of Rhys ap Sir Aron, Knight of the
Holy Sepulchre. ^ The English.

^ Salusbury de Erbistocke, " Genealogie of the anciente and
worshipful family of Wynne of Garth, etc," Jan. 16, 1677.

* Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 139, et seq.

5 Ihid., vol. i, p. 319 ; vol. iv, pp. 362, et seq.

6 Ibid., vol. i, p. 293. • 7 iiid.^ p. 295.

92 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Cotlii and David Lloyd of Mathavarn, commemorating
the event, have been preserved. The original Welsh
of the former has been printed.^ For the convenience
of our English readers we subjoin a literal translation.
We also subjoin a translation of the elegy by David
Lloyd. The latter was a Welsh nephew of Sir Griffith
Vaughan. Arddyn, the grandmother of the bard, was
the aunt of Sir Griffith. Whatever suspicion may attach
to the eulogistic strains of the professional bard, none
can be entertained of the disinterested truthfulness and
independence of the Lord of Mathavarn, the possessor of
a considerable estate on both sides of the Dyvi above
Machynlleth.

Translation of Lewys Glyn Gothics Elegy on

SIR GRIFFITH VYCHAN OF POWYS.

A truly evil thing is loss of hope !

God of Heaven ! Is there no rescue for our race !

We have been persecuted even to disfigurement !

We are but images of men to wreak their vengeance on !

A sad mishap hath befallen Powys :

God hath willed it, and she is made weak.

^Twas a marvel that, in the presence of all men.

King Harry ,^ with his councillors,

Should honour the head that protected us.

And having honoured it, cut it off !

Not a day passes but I ail.

Bowed down by grief for Sir Gruffydd Yychan.

My robe^ is like Saint Anthony's,

For the man that here was so honoured.

In memory of the valorous knight have I chosen

A coat of a roebuck's skin.

I am a very brother, in my desolation.

To Merlin, deprived of my patron.

But in the seventh happy hour

Would I love him, even between the horns of the hart ;

The seven have been twenty times met with.

But we are made lower than them all j*

1 " Marwnad Syr Grufydd Vychan o Bowys," Dosp., vi, p. 418.
" Gwaith Lewys Glyn Cothi," printed at Oxford in 1837.

2 King Henry VI.

^ i. e., as mean a garment as Saint Anthony wore in his humility.
'^ " There would seem," says Mr. Howell W. Lloyd, " to be an

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 93

If the Saxons of yore were the undermost,

We are the undermost in this age of ours.

For Gwenwys^ here in January,

Like snow have we come to the ground :

No church, no market, no court.

Nor aught beside now hath Powys.

Gone is her name, her Beloved,

Her head, her owner, her guide,

Her men, her maintenance, her goods.

Her all in this world is gone from her.

From hence to York it has been a dreary autumn

And sad spring for the Gwenwys.^

To the Saxons — summer and fair weather.

But to Powys — winter.

Till now we had a good time of it,

[Followed by] adversity in Cegidva.^

Hitherto we have shared the land;

Henceforth 'twill be shared [by others] .

For his enemy's sake hath a man been doomed.

Of his doom were their arms the seal.

Where he was guileless.

They were full of guile.

For him will there be in Cors Yochno*

Imputation and much reproaching.

Ehyddlan predicts that some

Of [a certain] House ^ will avenge him ;

'Twere fitting that for him there should be

A piercing with spears in Cwm Mined.

The world will be troubled for Sir GrufFydd,

For him do I sorely grieve.

May Cadwdader,^ if so it must be.

Live as becomes his baptismal name ;

Our life will be passed between birch and hill.

allusion in the whole of these six lines to the story of Merlin, who
lost his reason, and wandered in the forest of Celydda after the
battle of Arddwyd. Perhaps the clue to their interpretation might
be found in Merlin's Prophecies. ^^

1 The patronymic of Sir GrufFydd Vychan.

2 i. e. the tribe of Gwenwys.

3 Garth, in the parish of Cegidva, or Guilsfield, was the man-
sion of Sir Griffith Vychan.

* There is a famous morass so called, in Cardiganshire, south of
and adjacent to the river Dovey.

5 Perhaps of a relative in that neighbourhood.

6 Second son of Sir GrufFydd Vychan.

94 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

May Eeinallt^ have his share of this world's goods ;

May it fall to the lot of David/

Tho' all the world be his foe^ to play the man.^

TEANSLATION.4

An Elegy to tJie memory of Sir Gbiffith Yaughan, Knight
Banneret of Agincourt Field, by David Llwyd ap Llewelyn of
Matliavarn,

For the man whom I love most_,

The golden-torqued, great is my grief;

I weep 1 did not see thee once

During more than half the summer

I have strolled along the sea coast.

Over land with verdant hills.

In quest of thee, friendly speaking one,

As, by the cross, one seeks the Graal,

Cedewain woods and valleys all.

The Dhugoed and Cevn Digoll.^

But saw thee not, my liberal one.

More than wrecks beneath the ocean ;

I was angry for thy hiding.

And for the barred door, and you yonder.

I groan like one of the brindled oxen

Ever without the name of Given.

I call thee from above the vale of Dyfi ;
Come, answer, respond to me !
It is David who will visit thee.
Come, awake, and sleep no more !
A long sleep, longer than the nightingale,
The sleep of Maelgwn at the head of the plain.
If thou art still well, alive.
Ignite, Griffith Vaughan, the fire.
Thy death, well-formed one, so sudden.
May God avenge thy fair brow ;
No man even with a vengeful hand
Could kill thee, but the demon of jealousy.
By holy Peter, rise and look

1 Third son of Sir Gruffydd Vychan.

2 David Lloyd of Leighton, his eldest son.

^ " There is a play upon the word ' byd,' meaning life, world, and
goods, which cannot be followed in a translation." — H. W. Ll.

^ Translated by the Rev. E,. Harries Jones, M.A. Yicar of Llan-
idloes, from a transcription by Nicholas Bennet, Esq., of Glanrafon,
Caersws.

^ " The long mountain," which extends along the eastern border
of the county from Chirbury to Alberbury.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 05

To Gwern-y-goOj worthy Baron.

Lie not in thy grave and stones

In S. Mary's chanceP, my comely friend !^

See the course of fraud and fear
To the Lord of Llai/ to the brave Lloyd.
Six stags* are yonder hiding
That were hunted in the " Black Ridge.^'^
Come, there are damsels and mead
Awaiting thee — cease thy sleeping.
Pleasant to the deer the verdant germ,
Pleasant the past, pleasant the wine-feast ;
Pleasant to sow to-day in Powys,
Welcome as the Fleur-de-Lys.
Easy now to bring a hundred complaints.
Easy could I to-day weep a gallon.
In Purgatory have I been seeing
Saint Patric — were that any harm —
Oftener my Lord, to you so dignified.
Will I laugh with hearty feelings.

Wretched man, let us reform !
Wretched remnants of Troja.
That we knew not the treachery
Of Saxons long ago ! It was madness !
The head of the Prince of Wales is in Builth —
The head of Griiffud with the fine lurid spear of lightning;
Vaughan, the active lion, — him they killed —
The worthy knight with the arm of an impetuous thruster.
A head of priceless value,
A lovely head, like that of John,^
A fair head when presented —
The Chief Judge of broad Powisland,
A happy head, — a head that was deceived I
My loved one, I did not advise
Reliance on a Saxon^s word.

Was not the safe-conduct detestable —
When his head was killed from anger ? —

^ In S. Mary's Church, Welshpool. ^ Or "my comely stag.''

3 " Leighton," the seat of David Lloyd, eldest son of Sir Griffith.
He held the freehold, but was not strictly speaking Lord of Leigh-
ton, which was a manor associated with Binweston, and held toge-
ther as one knight's fee under the barony of Cans.

* Probably referring to the six children of Sir Griffith. See
below.

^ In the parish of Chirbury. The Ridges, alias Bowdlers of the
Ridge, entered their pedigree at the Herald's Visitation of Salop in
1623. 6 ? John the Baptist.

96 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

That safe-conduct whicli a double-tongued Earl broke^

Harry Grey — may he be long crucified !

There was a day — submissive now art thou —

When I would not have wept on thy hearth,

Unless I wept, mark of sorrow,

For want of cheer and nourishment.

It will arrive, after sorrow, that we shall have

Eevenge for treachery we would avenge with the sword !

At the close of an eventful, chequered, and protracted
life. Sir Griffith Yaughan came to a violent end under
circumstances revolting alike to our modern notions of
humanity and equity. He was suspected, says one
account,^ " of holding correspondence with some adhe-
rents of the house of York. This being insinuated to
the Queen, Margaret of Anjou, and her Council, a
Treasury warrant is said to have been sent to Henry
Grey, Lord Powys, for the apprehension of Sir Griffith ;
and, accordingly, under some pretence or other, the
knight was summoned to appear at the castle of Pool.
He at first demurred, but, on receiving what he con-
sidered to be a " safe conduct," he resolved to confront
his accusers ; but as soon as he arrived at the courtyard
of the castle, he was apprehended, and, in the presence
of Henry Grey, Lord Powys, beheaded on the spot
" without judge or jury."

It is clear, from the above, that the agent of his
destruction, compassed by fraud and force, was Henry
Grey, Earl of Tankerville and Lord of Powys. As no
minutes of Council exist to give a colourable excuse for
this act, " the demon of jealousy," rather than the exi-
gencies of the State, must have influenced its author.
It is elsewhere^ " suggested, as an additional motive for
tJie summary manner in which Sir Griffin Yychan was
executed, that his grandmother was an heiress, the
fourth in descent from Gwenwynw}^, Prince of Powys,
and that Sir Griffith, in consequence of this circum-
stance, might have spoken arrogantly to some false
friends of his right to a portion of the Lordship of

^ "Feudal Barons of Powjs," bv Morris C. Jones, Esq., F.S.A.,
Mont, Coll., vol. i, pp. 335-6. " 2 Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 338.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 97

Powys, and this being repeated to Henry Grey, Lord
Powys, might have excited him to commit this trea-
cherous and cruel act."

It has been before stated that his mother Mawd was
the granddaughter of Wilham Coch, Lord of Mowddwy,
ap Griffith, ap Prince Gwenwynwyn. The grand-
mother of Margaret Broughton, his wife, was, it is
said,^ Ellen, the daughter of Griffith ap Gwenwynwyn ;
but such an indirect relationship was scarcely sufficient
to excite any serious apprehension on the part of the
" double-tongued Earl Harry Grey." Moreover, the
lands of his mother and wife, who were both heiresses,
were the only solid advantage to be derived from their
relationship with the Convynian Princes of Powys.
These he already possessed and transmitted to his des-
cendants/ His claim to Powys rested not upon one of
affinity to the Cynvynian Princes, but of direct male
descent in his own person from the ancient Brochwellian
Princes. The ''de jure" title of his ancestor, Brochwel
ap Aeddan, Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deuddwr,
in the tenth century, to the crown of Powys, has been
already shown. The evidences of Sir Griffith Vaughan's
ancestry are conclusive up to the middle of the thirteenth
century. Lewys Glyn Cothi, a poet chronicler, writing at
the beginning of the fifteenth century, mentions in order,
with particulars, the four ascending generations of his
line, which are corroborated by an existing deed. If
the accidental preservation of such a record serves to
test the accuracy of the family genealogy as recorded
by our Welsh bards and genealogists to the middle of
the thirteenth century, the veracity of Lewys Glyn
Cothi need not be questioned when he describes Sir
Griffith Vaughan as of " Brochwel's lineage," either
referring to Brochwel Ysgithrog,^ or, which is equally

^ Mr. Joseph Morris's MS. Visitation of Salop, under " Broughton
of Broughton and Home."

2 The elegy on " Marwnad Syr GrufFydd Vychan o Bowys," is
the first of the series under the heading, " Llwyth Brochwel Ysgi-
throg" {Dosp., vi, p. 418.

VOL. VI. H

98 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

pertinent to the question, to Brocliwel ap Aeddan, as
his ancestor. The same bard, in an ode to Sir Griffith's
father, styles the latter, " Head of the Gwenwys," ^ or
of the most influential sept of the tribe of Brochwel,
deriving its name from Gwenwys, Imeally descended
from Brochwel ap Aeddan.

Bash as may have been his personal claim to princely
rank or privilege, we have it on record that the con-
current sentiment of his contemporaries favoured such
a claim. Appositely, therefore, does his relative, David
Lloyd of Mathavarn, describe his decapitation as that
of

" The golden-torqued,^'

" The chief Judge of broad Powysland/^

and Lewys Glyn Cothi fittingly bewails the miseries
and destitution that followed :

" No churchj no market, no court,
Nor aught beside now hath Powys.
Gone is her name, her beloved.
Her head, her owner, her guide.''

Sir Griffith Vaughan married Margaret,^ daughter
and co-heir^ of Griffith ap Jenkin, of Broughton, Home,
and Mochdre, ap John, ap Walter (living in 1 8th Edw.
II), ap Walter de Broughton (also living in 18th Edw.
II, 1325). The latter married Avicia,* daughter and

* ^ r J)os;p., vi, No. 2, p. 424

2 " The mother of the said Marg't vch Gr. of Broughton was
Gwenhwyvar of Ouldbury, dau. and heir to David ap levan Goch
of Ouldbury, lineally descended from Ednowen ap Bradwen, one of
the fifteen tribes of North "Wales. Gu., three snakes no wed in tri-
angle, ary (Salusbury de Erbistocke.)

^ Her sisters and coheirs were Tanglwst, married to Maurice ap
Madoc ap Einion of Mochdre. Their son, David, was the ancestor
of the Prices of Newtown (Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol, i, pp. 301,
314) ; and Als, married to David ap Howel of Arwystli. Margaret,
their daughter and heir, married Ririd Middleton, the ancestor of
the Middletons of Chirk Castle, Gwenynog, and Garthgynan, in
Denbighshire {Ibid., vol. ii, p. 385).

* Mr. J. Morris's MS, Visitation of Salop, under " Descent of
Marg't Broughton, first wife of Sir G*^ Yychan."

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 99

heir of Thomas de Winsbury, and had for his arms
sa., a chevron between (by some omitted) three owls,
an The sheriff of Shropshire is said to have notified
the contents of the king's writ of 3d April, 1316, to
Griffin (Yychan) de la Pole at his lands and tenements
of " Dender in Powys by Edmund de Langedon and
Walter de Burghton, in the presence of Peter Corbet
and TJiomas de Wynneshury."^ They had issue,'* and
probably the " six stags " of the elegy :

I. David, "the Lord of Llai (Leighton), the brave
Lloyd," of whom presently.

II. Cadwalader, ancestor of the Lloyds of Maesmawr
Trawscoed, Castelmoch, Rhandyr, etc.^

III. Reginald, ancestor of the Wynnes of Garth (now
represented by the Myttons), and of Upper Broughton,"*
and of the Lloyds of Broniarth and Gaervawr.^

I. Gwenhwyver, who married Griffith ap Aron ap
Ednyved.

II. Anne, who married Jeuan Vychan ap Jeuan ap
Griffith of Llanuchllyn in Merionethshire, descended
from Ririd Flaidd. Their son David was the ancestor
of the Vaughans of Glanyllyn.^

III. Margaret, who married, first, Morys Ludlow ;
and secondly. Sir Walter Inglis, Knight, " third son to
Sir Rees."^ Sir Griffith married also Margaret, the
daughter of Madoc of Hob, or Hope, probably near
Worthin. On his death, in accordance with the dis-
integrating system of gavelkind adopted by Welsh
families, the following division of his lands took place :
Those held under the Barony of Cans went to his eldest

1 "Dissensio inter Johaii. de Charlton et Griffin de la Pole"
{Mont OoZL, vol. i, p. 72).

2 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 276, n. 2.
8 Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 399.

* Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 328-9 ; Cedwyn MS., " Gaervawr in
Gnilsfield ;" Salusbury de Erbistocke ; Mont. Coll., vol. iv, pp. 366,
367. ^ Lewys Dwnn, vol. ii, pp. 229, 232, n. 4.

6 Harl. MS., 1982, 1977, " Sir Griffith's children." Catherine,
mentioned in Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 276, n. 2, was not his daughter,
but his granddaughter.

H 2

100 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

son, David Lloyd of Leighton. Of his lands held in
the lordship of Strata Marcella, under the Barony of
Powys, Maesmawr and Trawscoed, in Guilsfield, went
to Cadwalader, his second son. Garth, the family seat,
with other lands in Guilsfield, in accordance with
Welsh custom, went to Reginald, his youngest son.
The latter also seems to have had (as it was enjoyed
by his descendants) that half of Broniarth which Sir
Griffith held of that lordship, already divided between
the latter and his brother Jeuan, whose granddaughter
and heiress, Mawd Lloyd, conveyed her half of Bro-
niarth, on her marriage, to the ancestor of the Tanats/
David Lloyd of Leighton ap Sir Griffith Yaughan,
married, first, Luesi^ or Lucy, heiress of Nantcribba, in
the township of Wrobton and parish of Forden. Her
father, Meredith ap Cadwalader ap Owen ap Meyrick
ap Pasgen, was, like her husband, lineally descended
from Brochwel Ysgithrog. This Meredith ap Cadwa-
lader was likewise a feoffee of the Barony of Cans.
Humphrey Stafford,^ Constable of England, sixth Earl

1 Mont. Coll., vol. iv. p. 362.

2 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation of Wales, vol. i, pp. 276, 289, 317.
^ " Carta Meredith ap Cadwalader ap Owen.

" Humfridus Dux de Bokyngham Oibz ad quos p'sens carta
n'ra p'venit Salt'm. Sciatis nos p'fat'm Ducem dedisse concessisse
et hac p'sent carta n'ra confirmasse dilecto tenenti et servient! n'ro
Meredith ap Cadwaladr ap Owen et Gwenhoyvar uxor sue p' bono
servico suo nobis impenso et impensar. oia ilia ter. et ten. p't. past,
bosc. et pasc. c'm oibs suis p'tm qne nup' Howel ap Griffith ap Ri"^.
tenuit de nobis infra domium n'rm Nethirgorthd'r et qui ad man us
n'ras devenit ut esthaet tr' p' prefat. Howell obiit sine hered. de
corp'e suo legitte p'creat ac oia alia tr. et tent, p't past. bosc. et
pastur. queqondam deveniebant in manu n'rs post mortem David
Sars ap David ap Eyn' sine heredd de corpe suo legitae p'creat in
villat. de Wrohheton ac oia alia tr. et tent, que nobis deveniebant
tarn' Eschaet q'm fforisfact. in dici villat. de Wrohheton una cum oia
ilia tr. et libertatis cujusdam Meredith ap Madoc ap Howell ap Gr.
Vyghn' quondam de Ov^garthor in d'mo n'ro p'dict bene et tenend.
oia p'dict. tr. etc. C'm oibs suis p'tm et libertatibs p'fati Meredith
et Gwenhoyvar uxor sue et Heredibs suis tam' muscul'n q'm
feraell'n inter eos legittie p'create de nobis et hered. n'ris p. reddit
inde debit, et consuet imp'p'etim. Et nos vo p'fat Dux et heredes
ji'ri oia p'd tr. et len p.'"t past. bosc. et past, c'ra oibs suis p'tm et

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 101

of Stafford, first Duke of Buckingham, and Baron of
Caus, sixth in descent from Bobert de Stafford, who
married AHce, daughter and eventual co-heiress of
Sir Thomas Corbet, Baron of Caus, granted to his
dearly beloved tenant and servant Meredith ap Cadwa-
lader ap Owen and Gwenhoyvar his wife, and their
heirs, male a.nd female, for ever, for their good services
performed and to be performed, all the lands, fallen to
the said Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham, by escheat
forfeiture or otherwise, of Howell ap Griffith ap Birid,
in our lordship of Nethirgorthor ; of David Sars ap
David ap Einion, in the vill of Wrobbeton or Nant-
eribba; and of Meredith ap Madoc ap Howell ap
Griffith Vaughan, formerly of Overgorthwr, in our
aforesaid Lordship. Given at our Castle of Caus, 9th
February, 24 Henry YI, 1446. This charter was
confirmed by Henry Lord Stafford, Baron of Caus, and
enrolled by Bobert Lloyd of Pool and Nantcribba, son
of David Lloyd Vaughan of Marrington, on 8th June,
35 Henry YIII, 1543.'

David Lloyd of Leighton, by his wife Lucy had
David Lloyd Vaughan, jure uxoris of Marrington or
Havodwen, of whom presently, and among other issue
three daughters:

I. Catherine, who married Edward Hopton de Bockhill,

libertatibs p'fate Meredith ap Cadwaladr et Gwenhoyver uxor sue
et heredibs suis etc. Contra omnes gentes * *

" In cuius rei testiom huic p'sent carte Sigillm n'rm fecimus
Appon'e hiis testib's Will'mo Boerley t'nc Senescall n'ro ib'm John
Woddton Clico Receptor n'ro Johne Marshall Constabular. Cast,
n'ri ib'm David ap Gruffith ap leu'n ap Rirce Howell ap leuan ap
Eyn c'm multis Aliis. Dat. ap'd Cast'm n'rm de Caurs nono die
ffebruar Anno regni Regis Henrici sexti post conquest'm vicesimo
q'rto" {North Wales Enrolments, Montgomeryshire, Spring Gardens,
London, vol. vi, fo. 73). The above charter was confirmed by
Henry, Lord Stafford.

1 In the Index to the North Wales Enrolments, at the Land
Revenue Rolls, Spring Gardens, Henry, Lord Stafford's confirma-
tion is erroneously dated 8th June, 35th Eliz., and the enrolment
of Meredith ap Cadwallader ap Owen's charter, 9th February, 24th
Eliz.. (See Mont Coll., vol. iv, p. 261.)

102 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIEE.

son of Thomas Hopton de Rockhill.-^ Their great grand-
son, Edward Hopton of Chirbury, had a grant, 37 Henry
VIII, of the site of Chirbury Priory.

II. Gwenhwyvar, who married William ap David of
Willaston, and was mother of Reginald Williams of
Willaston, sheriff in 1546.

III. Catherine, who married "Edward Bewpy of
Poole. "^ They had issue Oliver Bewpy, who died o.s.p.
Anne Bewpy, married to John Harp, and Maud Bewpy,
who married, " first, Mr. Bradford, by whom she had
Edward Bradford, and a daughter married to Mr.
Andrew Sunnybank, goldsmith. She married, secondly,
John Hopton, father to Edward Hopton, father to
William Hopton,^ father to Sir Richard Hopton, Knt.,
and Edward Hopton, Esq.

" These notes were had at Owlberry, drawn in a
table by Richard Lloyd of Marrington, Esq."^

*' On the dissolution of the Priory of Chirbury the
king, 37th Henry VIII, 1545, granted to Edward
Hopton and Elizabeth (fil Humfri Wolrich de Dudmas-
ton^) his wife, domum et situm nuper monasterii de
Chirbury for their lives, the remainder to the heirs of
the said Edward for ever."^

David Lloyd ap Sir Griffith Vaughan married,
secondly, Elen, the daughter of Jenkin Kynaston of
Stokes, ap Griffith, ap Jenkin Kynaston. Jenkin
Kynaston, the father of Elen, had a brother. Sir Roger
Kynaston, Knight, who married Elizabeth, the daughter
of Henry Grey, Earl of Tankerville, and widow of
Lord Strange of Knockon.^ By EUen he had

1 Visitation of Salop, 1584 ; Earl MS., 1396, " Hopton of Rook-
hill." Thomas Hopton de Rochnl, in 1431, was joint patron of
Sheinton (Eyton's Ant., vol. vi, p. 220, n. 22).

2 Cedwyn MS., under Sir Gruffijdd Vychan's Family continued,

^ "Dorothea Hopton, wife of William Hopton of Chirbury.
Sepult. 18 December, 1630" (Chirbury Register).

* Herald's Visitation of Salop, 1584, "Hopton de Rockhill."
("Porkyll," Cedwyn MS.), in Com. Salop et de Chirbury.

^ Duke's Antiq. of Salop, p. 125.

6 Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, pp. 289, n. 2 } 326, n. 10. In

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 103

I. Humphrey Lloyd of Leighton, seneschal of the
Barony of Cans to Edward Stafford, Duke of Bucking-
ham, and to his son Henry, Lord Stafford, seneschal of
the Court, and receiver of the lands of the Abbey of
Strata Marcella, and first sheriff of the County of
Montgomery.-^

II. " Roger Lloyd of Trallonge " or Welshpool, who
married, 1st, "Katherine, daughter of John ap Howell
of Trallonge," by whom he had Piers Lloyd, 7th on the
Grand Jury at the Montgomeryshire Assizes, 2-3 Eliz.,
and as " Petrus Lloyd de Pola, gen., " on a jury 14th
Eliz.,^ and 2ndly, a daughter of John Perrott of Here-
ford, by whom he had "Bichard Lloyd of Trallonge,'^
on the Grand Jury, 2nd Eliz.

III. Edward Lloyd of Gun grog Vawr.^ He married
Jane, daughter of Howell Vaughan, ap Howell, ap
Gruffydd, ap Jenkin of Llwydiarth, by whom he had
"David Lloyd ap Edward senior, gent.," who appears
4th on the Grand Jury for the county at the Assizes,
2-3 Eliz. The latter, by his wife Lowry, daughter of
Hugh ap leuan ap William of Hope, had *' Oliverus
Lloyd de Gyngrog gen," 4th on the Grand Jury at the
county Assizes, 34 Eliz.^

I. Anne, who married William Corbett of Worthyn.

II, " Elen^, verch David Lloyd ap Sr. Gruff Vaughan,
Kt." married Hugh Porter, ap Pierce ap Pierce Porter.

the Kynasfcon pedigree, Herald's Visitation of Salop, 1584, Earl.
MS., 1241, fo. 53, the daughter of Jenkyn Kynaston of Stokes, who
married " David Lloyd ap Sr. Gruff, of Leighton," is called Jane.
^ See Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 212.

2 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 129 ; Harl MS., 1982.

3 For his descendants, see the Cedivijn MS., " Gungrog Yawr."
He, as " Edward Lloid de Pole, gen.," was third on the grand jury
for the county at the assizes, 34 Henry VllI, 1543 (Mont. Coll.,
vol. ii, p. 374).

4 Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 129.

5 Ihid., vol. iv, p. 257, and n. 2 ; and Cedwyn MS.;' under " Yr
H6b."

6 Her husband was beheaded. Her issue by him were Philip,
John, and Anne, who first married John ap Evan ap Griffith of
Whittington, and then Howell ap Evan Lloyd. Hugh Porter's

104 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

David Lloyd ap Sir Griffith Yaughan had also the
following illegitimate issue :

John Lloyd of Leighton, who probably as " Jeu'n ap
D. D. Lloyd, gent." appears 5th on the Grand Jury at
the Montgomeryshire Assizes, 37 Hen. YIII, 1545.
His grandson, " Oliverus ap Roger ap John Lloyd de
Leighton," appears on a jury 33 Eliz., 1590. His
brother, " David Lloyd ap Roger ap John Lloyd of
Leighton, in the countie of Montgomery e, ap David
Lloyd ap Sir Griffith Vaughan, Knight," entered his
pedigree at the Herald's visitation of Salop in 1623.^

I. Lowry, married to Richard Pen of Stockton, in
the parish of Chirbury. Their daughter Elizabeth
married Ririd Middleton, surnamed Goch.^

II. Als, or AHce, who married ''John Walcott of
Walcott ap Sir Phil. Walcott, Knt."^

The Cedivyn MS. gives her two other husbands.
1st. Evan Goch ap Owen ap Llewellyn Moel ; 2nd,
David ap leuan Teg (of Meivod) ap Deio ap Llewelyn
ap Einion ap Kelynin.

David Lloyd ap Sir Gryffith Vaughan died in 1497,*
leaving an ample estate, whose fragments were soon to
be contended for in the law courts of Powysland by
his grand-children, the issue of his sons by his two
wives. Evidence is supplied of the miserable effects
of the law of gavel-kind in its estrangement of families,
by the following extracts from the most ancient plea

uncle John (ap) Pierce was prior of Chirbury. See Lewys Dwnn's
Visitation^ vol. i, p. 297. Lewys Dwnn is here again confirmed by
the discovery of an enrolled grant or lease, in the Land Revenue
Rolls, Spring Gardens, London, from this prior of Chirbury, of the
manor called " Court Caldemore." " Hie indentur fact. 18 Feb.
8 Hen. VIII, inter Johan'm piers prior, priorat. de Churbury et
ejusdem loci convent, ex una p'te. Et David ap Owen ap DD. ap
Mered. ex alter p'te." For David ap Owen, see Llandissilio Eulch-
dijn, Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 322.

^ Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 253, n. 1. 2 Cedwyn MS,

^ Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. Ill; Visitation of Saloj),
A.D. 1684 ; Earl. MS., 1241, fo. 97.

^ Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 325, under " Longford of
AUington and Ruthyn."

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 105

roll/ or record of suits, relating to Powysland after its
being constituted the county of Montgomery. A con-
siderable portion of this roll records the internecine legal
contention of the " Lloyd " family respecting their in-
heritances " de tenura et natura de Gavelkyde/' in
"Pole," " Hope," near Worthyn, *'Argyngrog," "Gyng-
rog Yaur," in the parish of Pool, " Gyngrog Yech'n,"
in the parish of Guilsfield ; and " Gwerne-y-goo,"^ a
pleasant resort of Sir Griffith Yaughan, in the parish
of Kerry, to which David Lloyd of Mathavarn thus
directs his departed spirit from his tomb in the chancel
of Welshpool church :

^^ By holy Peter, rise and look
To Gwern-y-Goo, worthy Baron ;
Lie not in thy grave and stones
In St. Mary^s chancel, my comely friend !"

Uotul} de Cartis Scri'pt et fleciomhs cong. et Allocat. coram
Justic. etc. Ad sessionem suVdiam i.e.

Plica apud Mountgomery coram Roberto TownsJiende milit.
Justic. D'mi Eegis magni sessionis die Com. Mountgomery ad
magnam sessionem dci d'm. Regis Com. p'di tentam apud
Mountgomery pMcam die lune t^cio decimo die Septembris
anno regni Henrici octavo Dei gra. Anglie Ffranc. et hib'nie
Eegis fidei defensoris et in t'ra ecc'lie anglicanas et hib^ne
supim capitis tricesimo octavo.

Mountgomery. SS. Qd Oliuus Lloid Roh'tus Lloid et Ricus
Lloid scMm formam statuti Ruthlan pet. v'sus David Lloid ap
Edward unm mesuagm mediatatem * molendini aquatici grana-
tici ducent acr. tre octo acr. p^ti quadraginta acr. pasturi
viginti acr. bosci c'm p'tm in pole et Argyngrog ut jus et
hereditat. suom Exunde die q'd quidam David Lloid Vaugh'*
pater pMtor. Oliveri, RoUi et Rid unius cohered ipi sunt
fuit seit de ten et medietate p'dtis cum p'tm in D^mco suo ut
de feodo et m're tempore pacis tempore d'm Regis nunc
capiend inde ex'ples ad valens de Et de ipo David Lloid
Vaughan eo q'd ten pMcta tunc p'tm sunt de tenura et natura
de Qavelkyde in com. p'dto.

1 It is now at the Record Office, Fetter Lane, London, and enrols
pleas from the 32-38 Henry VIII, a.d. 1540-6.

2 Jane, daughter of Maurice ap John Lloyd of Gwernygo, mar-
ried Morgan ap Evan of Mochdre, and had " David Morgan de
Moughtre, gen.," a juror 39th Eliz. (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 301 ;
Alont. Coll, vol. iv. p. 27(5).

106 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Mountgomery. SS. OUverus Lloid B^oVtus Lloid et Bicus
Lloid in p'priis p^sonis suis p^ bre D'ni Eegis de quod eis
defors p^ testand p' sig'm bre illud in forma et natura bres
Dei Regis de r'to ra ad c'oem legem scMm formam statuti
Ruthlan pet v^sus Humfrm Lloide Armig'um dimidietatem
unius burgagii un^m gardn'm octoginti acr. tre quinq acr. p^ti
viginti acr. pasturi sex acr. bosci cum p'tm in Pole et Hope ut
jus et hereditatem suom etc Ex unde die qM quidam David
Lloid Vaughan pater p^dictors OlivH BohHi et Bid unius coheridi
ipi sunt fuit seit de demidietat et ten p'dtis cum p'tm in D'mco
suo ut de feodo m^re tempore pacis tempore d^m Regis nunc
capiend inde exples ad valens et. Et de ipso David Lloid eo q'd
ten pMta cum p'tm sunt de tenura et natura de Gavelhinde in
com pMto et qM omia ter et ten ejusdem tenure et nature sunt
ac a tempore * contra memoria hom. non existit fuerint int'
bered. mascul partit et parti tit (?) descend mo et jus etc. istis
Oliv'o Bohto et Bico qui nunc pet ut fil. et bered. etc. *

Et p'dtus Humfrus p^ Nich'm Derden attorn, suum ven. et
defend jus pMtors Oliv'i Bohti et Bid et semam.

Sumfr^us Lloyde Armig' polo so (i.e. ponit loco suo) Nichum
Derden v^sus Oliv'm Lloid Bohtum Lloid et Bic'm Lloide in
plito tre.

" Edwardus Lloid et Humphrus ap John Wynne'^^ bad a
suit against '^ Edward Lloid Qt Bic'm ap Boger Lloid" concern-
ing "unm mesuag^m quadraginta acr. tre septem acr. p'ti
decem acr. pasturi et decem acras bosci et subbosci tum p^tm
in Giverne y goo Gyngrog Vaur et Gyngrog Vechn," entered in
the same.

The family pedigree will explain the relationship of
the parties to the suits :

Lucy (1st wife), dau. and lieir=F David Lloyd (ap Sir^Elen (2nd wife), dau.
of Meredith ap Cadwallader I Griffith. Vaughan) of I of Jenkyn Kynas-
of Nantcribba. j Leighton, oh. 1497. | ton of Stokes.

David Lloyd T Margaret Middle- Humphrey Roger =f Edward Lloyd ^

Vaughan. ton, heiress of Lloyd of Lloyd. | of Gungrog I

I Marrington. Leighton. | Vawr (senior), i

John Lloyd Oliver Lloyd, Robert Richard, Edward Richard David

Prior of succeeded to Lloyd died Lloyd, Lloyd, Lloyd.

Chirbury Marrington. of Pool o.s.p. junior, grand

Priory. and juror,

Nantcribba. 2 Eliz.

^ Humpbrey ap John Wynn was of Garth, and the great grandson
of Reginald of Garth, youngest son of Sir Griffith Vaughan, knight
banneret (see Mont. Coll., vol. iii, pp. 119, 144, and notes).

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 107

David Lloyd Yychan, lord of the manor of Har-
rington, ap David Lloyd ap Sir Griffith Yychan Knight
Banneret, was the second of his Hne who adopted the
surname of "Lloyd," and the first of our sheriff's family
who settled in the parish of Chirbury. This, as we
have already seen, was owing to his marriage with
Margaret Middleton, the heiress of Harrington. On
the resubdivision of his father's estates he succeeded to
the lands in Overgorther, with Nantcribba as a re-
sidence, and to those in the lordship of Nethergorther,
derived from his mother Lucy, daughter and heiress of
Heredith ap Cadwalader ap Owen of Nantcribba,
also to a half-share of lands in Gungrog, Hope, and
Pool. Leighton and the other estates in the barony of
Cans, devolved upon his half-brother Humphrey Lloyd,
sheriff in 1540-1. He had issue by Hargaret Hiddle-
ton ^—

I. John Lloyd, his eldest son, prior of Chirbury
Priory.

II. Oliver Lloyd, who succeeded to the manor of
Harrington, of whom presently.

III. Robert Lloyd of Welshpool and Nantcribba suc-
ceeded to the inheritance of his grandmother Lucy,
viz., four gavels and the fourth part of twenty gavels
of land in the vill of Wrohton, and other gavels of land
in the same vill called Duppas-land, or Teir hedo
Duppa, which constituted the Nantcribba estate ; also
other gavels of land in the vill of Criggion called Teir
Howell ap Griffith ap Redith.^ For these lands he paid

^ The particulars of descents of the Marrington branch are de-
rived from the following sources, viz. : Mr. Joseph Morris's MS.
Visitation of Salop, a.d. 1564, 1584, and that by Robert Treswell,
Somerset Herald, and Augustine Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant,
Marshalls and Deputies to Wm. Camden, Clarencieux King at
Arms, A.D. 1623. Also the Earl. M8S., 615, fo. 242 b ; 1241, fo.
3 h ; 1472, fo. 18 ; 1982, fo. 151, etc., under " Lloyd of Marring-
ton and Havodwen."

2 " Montgomery. Sciant p'sentes et futuri q'd Ego Henricus
D'ns Stafford et D'ns de Cans cm Membris Ac D'na Ursula uxor
mea dedimus et confirniavimus Roberto Lloid ville de Fola in d'mo
de Powse in Com. de Montgom. gen'os p' viginti tres libs * quatuor

108 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. f

a relief of twenty-three pounds to his seigneural lord,
Henry Lord Stafford, Baron of Cans, who, by charter
bearing date at Cans Castle, 8th June, 35 Henry YIII,
1543, confirmed these lands to him and to his heirs
male for ever, at which time was enrolled the charter
before referred to, as granted to his great-grandfather
Meredith ap Cadwalader by Humphrey Stafford, Duke
of Buckingham.

It is here worthy of remark that Bobert Lloyd's
confirmation grant is tested *' Henrico Stafford pri-
mogenit. dicti Henr. D'm Stafford et d'ne Ursula con-
sorte sue." The peerages take no notice of this " first-
born " Henry Stafford, but give the succession of the
barony of Stafford to Edward his brother. The for-
mer nevertheless also appears as " Henricus Staf-
ford, armiger," on our roll of magistrates, 1st Mary,
1554; and it is doubtless he who appears as "Henricus
Stafford miles" on the roll 2 and 3 Eliz. 1560-1, and as
"Henricus Dominus Stafford" on our roll of magis-
trates 4 and 5 Eliz. 1562. Edward Leighton is men-
tioned in this year as chief steward "Henrico d'mo de
Stafford de D'mio suo de Cawrse." In 8th Eliz. 1565,
Edward Leighton is described as chief steward " D'no
Stafford," the Christian name being omitted ; but in
10th Eliz. 1567, we find Edward Leighton chief steward
'' Edwardo D'no Stafordio de domio suo de Cause."
The above not only shows that the elder brother Henry
was Baron of Cans, but also reconciles the apparent con-

gavellas et quarta parte ving. gavelle terre * in villa de Wrolton in
domo de Ov'gorthor in Com. p't q'lDdam in tenura Meredith ap Cad-
walator et nup' in occupacio'e Johnis Porter c'm alia gavella terre in
eadem villa vocat Dujpjpas land aut teir hedo DuiJjpa et alium gavella
ter. jacen. * in villa de Grugion in d'mo n'ro de Neythergarther vocsit
teir Howell ajp Gruffith ap Bedith Habend * p'fato Boherto Lloid et
hered suis mascnlis de corpore suo I'tie procreat inp'p'tim Red-
dend * quinquagint. solid tres denarios et unum obuln * Hiis
testibus Henrico Stafford primogenit. dicti Henr. d'm Stafford et
D'ne Ursula consorti sue Humfrido Welles Armig'o de concilio
dicti d'm et Reginaldo Williams Armig'o deputat. dicti Henric.
Stafford capitalis Seu'^ dictor'm d'mor'm de Cans c'm membris
Dat. apud Castr'm de Cans 8 Junii 35 Hen. VIII" (North Wales
Enrolments^ Spring Gardens, London, vol. vi, fo. 73).

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 109

tradiction that the Pontesbuiy register gives to the
peerages, Le Clerc, and Walpole, as regards the date of
the death of Henry Lord Stafford, the father of Henry
and Edward, Lords Stafford. The date 1558, given
by Walpole, is that of the father's death. The follow-
ing entry in the Pontesbury register, under the 8th
May, 1563, doubtless records the burial of the son.
" Honorificabilis dominus Dominus Henricus Baro de
Stafford sepultus apud Worthin."^ Henry Lord Staf-
ford probably died without issue, and was therefore
succeeded in the barony by his next brother Edward.

" Eob'tus Lloid gent." was fifth on the grand jury
at the Montgomeryshire assizes, 17 Sept., 35th Henry
VIII, 1543. As "Eobert Lloid de Pola Esquire," he
-was foreman " Inquisicio p' Burgag " at the assizes,
2 and 3 Eliz. 1560. He was twice married.^ By his
first wife Margaret, daughter and heiress of Beginald
ap David, descended from Alo of Powys, he had

I. "Bogerus Lloyd de Wropton ' (Nantcribba),genos,"
on the grand jury at the county assizes, 2 and 3 Eliz.
1560-1. He was succeeded at Nantcribba by his son
" Eichard Lloyd de Wropton, gen'os " on the grand
jury, 13 Eliz. 1571.

II. "David Lloyd ap Bobert, genos" was baihff of
Pool with Howel Porter in 8 Eliz., 1566. As "David
Lloyd ap Bobert de Hope, gen'os" he occurs at the
assizes, 13th, 14th, and 19th Eliz. He married Mallt,
daughter of John ap Meredith ap Bees of Glanmeheli,
by whom he had Oliver Lloyd, Ales, the wife of John
Jones, Elizabeth, Jane, and Mary.

^ See Owen and Blake way's Hist, of Shrewsbury^ vol. i, p. 352,
note 1.

2 For the following issue by both his wives, see Lewys Dwnn's
Vis. of Wales, nnder " Welch Pool and Nant Criba," temp. Hen. V,
vol. i, p. 276. The line of the Wropton, or Nantcribba, family, is
there continued down to Elizabeth, daughter of Charles Lloyd ap
Theophilus Lloyd ap Richard Lloyd of Wrobton. The will of
*' EHzabeth Lloyd of Nantcribba" bears date, 19th April, 1668.
Mention is therein made of " Mr. John Purcell," whose father,
Edward Purcell of Wropton, sheriff in 1625, was the first of his
family so domiciled.

110 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

III. Maurice Lloyd ap Robert went to Bristol.

IV. "Rowland Lloid, gent.," appears on the same
jury of which his father was foreman, 2 and 3 Eliz.
He also occurs as Roland Lloid de Pola, gent., at the
assizes 14th Eliz. He married Jane, daughter of
Wm. ap Reynold, by whom he had Catherine. He mar-
ried secondly "Elizabeth, daughter of Griffith Nanney
of Nanney, Esqr.," and their children were — i. Robert
Lloyd; ii. John Lloyd; iii. Humphrey Lloyd ; Jane and
Margaret.

We have already seen an inquisition^ taken at Pool
20th September, 1608; also a letter^ from King James,
of the 25th September, 1608, respecting the claim of
the celebrated " Mr. Harvey, the Q's (Queen's) sur-
geon," and " his partner, Robert Lloyd," to the " Crig-
gion Moores," the '^Brithin Forrest," and the *' Gayer
mill in Thornbury." In the year 1609, we gather from
the following that '' Thomas Pursell, Esquier,'' the
grandson of Nicolas Purcell, sheriff in 1553, and him-
self sheriff in 1597, claimed rights in the manor of
Overgorther, which seem to have been of the inherit-
ance of this Robert Lloyd ap Rowland.^

'^ Se. EgGER WlLBRAHAM TO THE EaRL OF SALISBURY.

" To the Right honourable Rob^t. Earle of Salisburie, Lord
High Treasurer of England,

*^ The humble petition of Thos' Pursell Esquier, humblie
sheweth unto yo'^ good Lo'p: that y^r Peticioner according to
His Ma.t's proclamacon is come latelie up to London to attend
the Commissioners for defective titles to his great charge, and
now heareth that one E-ob^t Lloyd esquier hath a grant of a
lease, called Gayer Milne being p^cell of his inheritance within
the manor of Overgortheur.

^^ Humbly desireth yo^r Lp. that he may have the pTerm'
thereof before the said Lloyd, and that the said Lloyd^s lease
maie stai from being sealed until y'r supplte have his patent
first sealed w^h y'r supplte will not delaie but precede w^h all
spede. And he shall according to his bounden duty daily praie
for y'r Lo'p^s healthe and all honour long to continue.^^

1 Mont. Coll., vol. ii, pp. 218-222.

^ Domestic Calendar of State Pa/pers, Record OflSce, under a.d.
1609.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. Ill

Endorsement,

'^ Mr Attorney and Mr Solicitor to consider of this, and to
proceed with this gent, according to the generall direction in
copv of concealments whether they see cause to the contrary.
23 May 1609. '^R. Salisbuey.^'

Eobert Lloyd of Nantcribba, tbird son of David
Lloyd Yaugban of Marrington, married secondly Jane,
daugbter of Jobn Conway of Bodtryddan, in tbe county
of Flint, by Elizabetb, daugbter of Sir Tbomas Hanmer,
Knigbt,^ and bad issue Oliver Lloyd, Eondle Lloyd,
Eeynold Lloyd, Ales, and Anne.

IV. Kicbard Lloyd, fourtb son of David Lloyd
Vaugban of Marrington, died young witbout issue.
According to tbe plea roll, 33 and 38 Henry VIII^
be, witb bis brotbers Oliver and Robert, claimed, by
law of gavelkind, sbares of land in " Argyngrog * Pola
et Hope, * ut jus et bereditate David Lloid Vaugb n
pater p'dtor. Oliveri Eob'ti et Eic'i," as against tbeir
uncle Humfrus Lloyde Armig' and tbeir cousin David
Lloid ap Edward. Tbe daugbters of David Lloyd
Yaugban of Marrington were,

I. Lucy, wbo married first Walter Bowdler, alias
Eidge, of tbe Eidge, parisb of Cbirbury. He was
ODO of "ye 19 witnesses y* was witb Margaret Midle-
ton'^ above. And secondly, Morris ap Jobn Lloyd of
Gwernygo,^ in tbe parisb of Kerry.

II. Jane, wbo married David Gocb, ap David ap
Mattbew of Pool.

III. Ellen, wbo married Hugb ap Lewys Yy cban ap
Griffitb ap Howell ap David of Cburcbstoke.

Jobn Lloyd, tbe eldest son of David Lloyd Yaugban,
baving adopted tbe cowl as Prior of Cbirbury, bis
estates went to bis next brotber.

Oliver Lloyd, lord of tbe manor of Marrington,
mentioned in tbe plea roll 33-38 Henry YIIL He
married Gwenllian, tbe daugbter of Griffitb ap Howell,

1 Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 129, n. 5.

2 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 301.

112 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

ap Jeuan Blayney of Gregynog. This Griffith ap
Howell had a grant from Richard, Abbot of the monas-
tery of the Blessed Mary of Strata Florida, on the 2d
November, 13 Henry VIII., 1521, of a grange called
'' Gelynnock," with appurtenances in the parishes of
'' Gregynog " and " Haberhaves," for ninety-nine years,
at 6s. Sd. rent.^

In the 32 Henry YIII, 1540, Griffith ap Howell,
ap Jeuan Blayney, farmed the crown lands in
*' Manavon et al's."^ His uncles were Owen of Aber-
bechan, and Griffith ap Jeuan Blayney of Gregynog,
to whom Lewys Glyn Cothi has addressed an ode.
Griffith ap Howel was the ancestor of the Prices of
Manavon, and his brother, Owen ap Howel, of the
Blayney s of Ystymgwen.^

" Ric'us (Biceus) Wyn ap Gruff, ap Hoell de Mynavon,
geno's," the brother of Gwenllian, appears on a jury at
the Montgomeryshire Assizes, held at Pool, 27th July,
37 Henry YIII, 1545.* These Blayneys were de-
scended from Owen ap Rhodri, ap Gwaeddan, ap
Brochwel, ap Aeddan.

Oliver Lloyd and GwenlHan Blayney had issue —

I. Richard Lloyd, lord of the manor of Marrington,
of whom presently.

II. Edmond, or Hugh, Lloyd, of "the Swan," Ludlow.

III. William Lloyd of Sneade.

IV. Humphrey Lloyd, who died young.

V. Ludovick Lloyd, sergeant-at-arms to Queen Eliza-
beth, in which capacity he is described in a grant made
to him of the Chapel and Tythes of Forden by Queen
Elizabeth, dated from "our Palace of Greenwich," 31st
May, 29 Eliz., 1587. *'The said Ludovick Lloyd, his
executors and assigns, to finde and provyde one sufficient
and fitt chapleyne to celebrate divine service, and to
take the cure of soules in the said ChapeU of Ffording

^ Enrolled at the Land Revenue Rolls, Spring Gardens. Mont.
Coll., vol. ii, p. 368. 2 j}^fQnt Colly vol. i, p. 368.

3 Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 284. * Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 380.

5 Ibid.j vol. iii, pp. 324-5, n. 4.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIEE, 113

yerely." " Lodwic Lloyd, sergeant-at-arms in the reign
of Elizabeth," is mentioned in the introduction^ to Sir
Samuel Meyrick's Lewys Dwnn^s Visitations as a dis-
tinguished herald.

VI. " Richard Lloyd, junior."

The daughters of Oliver Lloyd and Gwenllian
Blayney were —

I. Catherine, who married Jeuan, ap John, ap E-obin,
ap Jeuan, ap Jorweth.

II. Gwen, who married Thomas Bray of Marton, in
the parish of Chirbury, ap Hugh Bray, ap John Bray,
ap David Bray.^ In 1564, ^'Thomas Bray of Marton"
and others, " some of them being then four score years
of age," witnessed the " anciente tythe customes " of
the parish of Chirbury. His brother-in-law, " Bicha,rd
Lloyd, ar.," heads the list of witnesses.^ Gwen was the
maternal ancestress of the celebrated Dr. Thomas Bray,
promoter of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, born at Marton, and baptized
at Chirbury, 2nd May, 1658.

III. Maud, who married " John Young, ap David
Young of Moors, near Leddome" (? the More, near
Lydham).

IV. Florence, who married Bichard, ap David, ap
David of Montgomery.

V. Catherine, who married Richard Meridan, ap
Thomas Meridan of Worcester.

VI. Gwenllian, who married Richard, ap Richard, ap
Griffith, ap John of Clynbry. (? Clunbury).

Oliver Lloyd was succeeded by his eldest son,
Richard Lloyd, lord of the manor of Marrington.
He married Lucy, daughter of Richard Powell of
Ednop, sergeant-at-arms to King Henry YIII, and
Sherifi'of Montgomeryshire in 1554-5/

' P. xii.

2 Called "John Bray Vychan" in Mr. Joseph Morris's MS.
Visitation, " Lloyd of Marrington."

^ Lloyd MS. (Chirbury Parish Records).
* Mont Coll., vol. iii, p. 333.
VOL. VI. I

114 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

On the authority of our great herald, Lewys Dwnu,
it has been stated that Eichard Powel of Ednop was
master-at-arms to Henry VIII. ^ His accuracy is a^ain
confirmed by the enrolled^ letters patent, dated at
Westminster, 10th January, 33 Henry YIII, 1542,
granting to Richard Powell the chief forestership of
"Kerry, Llanllohairn et Tregennon in Com. Mont.," to
be held by deputy optionally, instead of " Edmundus
Turner, defunctus." They run thus : —

" Henricus octavus dei gra * Sciate qd de gra nra special
in consideratione et fidelis servicii p^ dilectim servientem n'rm
Kichardm ap Hoell unm valecte gardi nri * *.'^

In the charter by which Queen Mary, in the first
year of her reign, grants to John ap Rice "terras
dominical, de Dolvoren in Llanlloughairon infra dom'm
de Kedewen ad tunc nup' in occupancio'e Griffith ap
Hoell ap Jeiin Blane et Johes ap David Vaughan et
terras dominical, de Manavon, Ealtissa, et hughaldref
in Tregennon infra dom'm pred. p'cell terr. nup' comite
Marchie in Marchiis Wallis." The Queen states that
the above had been formerly granted by Henry VIII. ,
Rico ap Hoivell uni valectorm gardi dci patris mi, for
twenty-one years, and that the court officers who had
executed the grant were Johes Daunce, miles, Ricus
Pollard, armiger, chief remembrancer of the Exchequer
to King Henry YIII, and Thomas Moyle, armig., con-
siliar et generalis supervisoris terra m.^ Gwenllian,
the daughter of the Griffith ap Hoell ap Jeun Blane
mentioned above, was the mother of Hichard Lloyd.

Lewis Dwnn gives, among the " Names of the aris-
tocracy, by whom I was permitted to see old records
and books from religious houses, that had been written
and their materials collected by abbots and priors,"^

1 Mo7it. Coll., vol. iii, p. 384.
- 2 At the Land Revenue Rolls, Spring Gardens, London, vol. ii,
fo. 3, North Wales.

^ North Wales Enrolments, vol. v, fo. 135, Spring Gardens,
London.

■* Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 8.

SHEEIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 115

those of *' Richard Lloyd of Havodwen, Esq., and
" Richard Powell of Ednop, Esq.''

In the 1st Mary, 1554, the year when his father-in-
law, Richard Powell, was Sheriff of Montgomeryshire,
he, as "Ric us Lloid de Marinton, gent.,'' appears as fore-
man of the Grand Jury of Inquisition at the Sessions
held at Montgomery.^ In the minister's accounts of
the 1st Mary, he appears as farmer, under the Crown,
of the chapel and tithes of For den parish, which, we
have seen, were subsequently granted to his younger
brother Ludovic.

In 6th Elizabeth, 1564, " Richard Lloyd, ar.," appears
as the first witness of the " ancient tythe customs of
Chirbury parish."

He appears on the rolls of magistrates for the
county of Montgomery, from the 1st to the 12th
Elizabeth.^ His last recorded magisterial act was on
the 26th June, 12th Elizabeth, 1570, when a deposi-
tion was received at Pool, " coram Richardo Lloyd et
Edmundo Lloyd (Maesmawr) armigeris duobs justic.
pacis Dne. Reg. Com. Montgomery."

According to his inquisitio post mortem, taken at Salop
in the 13th Elizabeth, he died on the 25th October,
12th Elizabeth, 1570, seized of the lordship or manor
of " Mary ton," in the parish of Chirbury, held of our
lady the Queen, as of her Earldom of the Marches,
by knight's service ; of lands in Chirbury formerly be-
longing to "Edward Herbert, Esquire" also held by
knight's service f also of lands,^ and two messuages in

1 Mont Coll., vol. iii, p. 121, n. 1, and p. 122.

2 Ibid., vol. iii, p. 147, n. 1.

^ " Salop. Inquisitio indentata capta apad villam Salop Anno
Regni Elizabeth etc. * decimo tertio coram Thoma Poyner, John
Hoorde, George Leigh Armigeri et Rico Prince gen'oso feeder. *
qui dicunt sup. sacrm. su'm p'dera q'd p'dtus Ricus Lloid * fuifc
seitus in Domico suo ut de feodo die quo obiit de et in man'o vil-
latt seu Hamelatt de Maryton tunc pertinento p'ochia de CUr-
lurie in Com. p'dto. Ac de et in quatuor messuagers uno molen-
dino aquatico etc. * teuebant. de D'ce D'ne nunc regina ut de
com suo Marchie per serviciura militar."

* "Ac de et in duob's messuaglis quadragint acrs terr decern

I 2

116 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

'' Marton, in the parish of Chirbury/' held as of the
manor of *' Thomas Scryven, Esquire/'^ but the jurors
knew not by what service. The jurors then proceed to
state that at the time of Richard Lloyd's inquis. post
mortem his son and heir, Richard Lloyd, ^ was aged
twenty years and eleven months, and that Lucy Lloyd,^
his widow, then held the said manor and estates of
Harrington.

Richard Lloyd left by his wife, Lucy Powell, the
numerous issue of nine sons and four daughters, seve-
rally entered at the Visitation of the county of Salop
held by Richard Lee, Richmond Herald, Marshal to
Robert Cook, Clarencieux King-at-Arms, in the year
1584. They were also entered as such at the Visita-
tion made by Robert Treswell, Somerset Herald, and
Augustine Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant, marshals
and deputies to William Camden, Clarencieux King-
at-Arms, a.d. 1623. They were —

I. Richard Lloyd of Harrington, our sheriff, of
whom presently.

acrs prati et viginti acrs pastur cum p'tem in Marton in d'ta
p'ochia de Chyrhurie in Com. p'to * Et q'd p'cta tenta cum
p'tum in Marton p'dict tenent'r de Thoma Scryven Armig' ut de
man'eo suo de Marton in com. p'dict sed p' qua servicia Jur.
p'dict penitus ignorant."

1 Thomas Scryven was at this time lord of the manors of Frodes-
ley and Marton, whose ancestor, George Scryven, bailiff of Salop,
1402-6, married Joanna, daughter of John Honald, and Reginald
Scryven, living in 1398, married the heiress of Simon Honald.
The "nomina villarum," in 1316, enrols John de Henaud, Regis de
Mathehurst, and Simon de Henaud, as joint lords of Marton (See
Mont Coll., vol. ii, p. 426).

2 " Et q'd Ric'us Lloid est filius et heres p'pinquior' p'd'ti Rici
Lloid in d'ta comiss. noiat et est infra etatem viginti unius annor'
Sclt. etatis viginti annos et undecim mens'm."

^ "Et q'd Lucia Lloid vidue nup' ux p'diti Rici Lloid pris a
tempore mortis ejusdem Rici hucusq. occupant p'dict maner. etc."
{Wards and Liveries, 12-13 Eliz., vol. xiii, fo. 8, Record Office).
Lucy was the "daughter of Richard Powel de Ednop, Ser. at Arms
to H. 8, by Anne, daughter of David Yonge and Lucy, dau. to
Eoulk Eyton, sonn to Sir Nicholas Eyton, Knt., by Margarett, da.
to Sir John Thorp, Knt." {Visitation of 1584; Earl. MS., 1241,
" Lloyd of Marrington").

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 117

II. John Lloyd, of Stockton, in the parish of Chir-
bury. He appears, in 1604,^ as a joint pew-holder and
ratepayer for Marton and the adjoining township of
Stockton with his brothers George and Edmund. He

1 At the Vicarage, Chirhury, is a folio MS. of Parish Records,
bound up in what appears to be some of the illuminated vellum of
a chantry book of Chirburj Priory. In the introduction it states
that " This booke was given to the Parishe of Chirbury, county of
Salop, and Dioces of Hereford, by me, Richard Lloyd, esquier,
dwelling at Mariton, and one of the church wardens in the seconde
yeare of the Most Mightie Monarch our Gratious Soveraigne James,
by the grace of God, of Britaine, FFrance, and Ireland, Kinge,
defender of the Faythe, the xxiij March, wherein is particularlie
noted the services donne for repairation and beautiefyinge * * the
same yeare by ye deutiefull care of the church wardens." This
folio contains records of parish business from 1604, with occasional
gaps, to the middle of the eighteenth century. The parish register
commences in 1629. This MS. folio of 1604-5 I call for purposes
of reference, " Chirbury Records." It contains amongst other
matters a ground plan of the parish church of Chirbury in 1604,
divided into pews, which are numbered and named after the re-
spective townships of the parish. . Within these respective divisions
are written the names of the owners or occupiers entitled to sittings
therein. Thus :

" Mariton, pew. Richard Lloyd, Esquier ; also the myddle vaulte
on the right syde."

" Mariton, pew No. 7. For Mr. Lloyde's maydes servants, under
the pulpit a shorte forme."

" Mariton, pew No. 8. Richard Lloyd the elder " (uncle of
Richard Lloyd, Esquier," visitation 1584).

^^ Marton, pew No. 3. George Lloyd, William Bray" (his first
cousin, visitation 1584 and 1623).

^^ Marton, pew No. 4. John Lloyd, George Redge" (his first
cousin, visitation 1584).

" Marton, pew No. 5. William Bray, George Lloyd, and John
Lloyd."

" Stockton, pew. Edmund Lloyd and John Lloyd."

It also contains a rate for the poor in 1604. Thus :

s. d.

"liarm^fo^, Richard Lloyd, junior, ar. . . . .34

„ Richard Lloyd, senior, ar 2 0

Marton, George Lloyd * [torn ofi" close to name.]

John Lloyd 0 10

George Lloyd ) , ^^ ^3

Edmund Lloyd J

Stochton,'Eldm\i-nd Lloyd 0 10

„ John Lloyd . 0 10

118 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMEEYSHIRE.

died without issue, and is marked *' mort" in one copy^
of the Visitation of 1623,

III. Edward Lloyd, died without issue before 1623.^

IV. George Lloyd, of Marton, in the parish of Chir-
bury, was the second surviving son with issue. He
and his descendants have continued, to the present
day, in possession of the Marton lands described in the
Inq. post mort, as part of the estate of his father,
Eichard Lloyd, in 1570. Moreover, after the sale of
the manor and estates of Marrington by the descend-

The following appears in Richard Lloyd's church warden's
accounts :

" At Ludlow like wise, the xth, xith, and xiith of January, 1604,
being the first court that all churche wardens did present the
defalts of the churche ....... 6s. Od.

" The presentemente, copie, day given, and contynewance, lOcZ.

"For Edmund Lloyd, twoe journeyes to. present and other ser-
vices for the parishe, being the first tyme warned and the seconde
tyme cited, IDs. Aid. Total . . xxviijs. i\\}d.

The following appears in the church warden's accounts of William
Spoake, A.D. 1605 :

" Item of Edmond Lloyd, gent, of arrearages for lownes due to
be levied by him the last yeare he beinge church warden, vis. viifZ.

The identification of the above with our sheriff's brothers is
proved by the fact that there were no other "Lloyds" (with the
exception of Griffith Lloyd, of Wotherton) living in the parish of
Chirbury as pewholders or ratepayers in 1604-5, or as reputed gen-
tlemen in 1623. In the list of " Disclaimers," apparently members
of Chirbury families, who, in 1584, were either unwilling, or unable,
to answer the Herald's summons to enter their pedigree, were
Edmund Middleton of Middleton, John Ridge (or Rowdier) of Ridge,
David Lloyd of Wotherton, and Hughe Middleton of Middleton ;
and at the Visitation of 1623, were John Lloyd of Stockton, George
Lloyd of Marton, and Edmund Lloyd of Stockton, who, amongst
others, "most contemptuouslie upon somons given have denyed
their orderly apparince." The family pedigree of " Lloyd of Mar-
rington," including them, and signed by their nephew, "Priamus
Lloyd," was, however, entered in 1623, as it had previously been
by their eldest brother, Richard Lloyd (dead in 1623) at the Herald's
Visitation in 1584. The penalty of non-attendance upon the Herald
could have had but few terrors for John, George, and Edmund Lloyd,
who in 1623 were from 72 to 75 years of age, and dead before 1629.
The " Middletons of Middleton," and the " Bowdlers of the Ridge,"
disclaimed in 1584, answered the Herald's summons and entered
their pedigrees in 1623.

1 Harl. MS., 1396, under "Lloyd of Marrington. "

2 Herald's Vis. of Saloj), 1623.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIItE. 119

ants of his elder brother E-icliard, our sheriff, no trace
of the latter s family remains. It has therefore been
thought of interest to give^ the evidences of descent
from this George Lloyd down to the present represen-
tative of the family of " Lloyd of Harrington."

V. Oliver Lloyd.

VI. Eoger Lloyd.

VII. Edmund Lloyd, of Stockton, entered as the
seventh son of Richard Lloyd and Lucy Powel at the
Visitations of 1584 and 1623. He appears as a joint
pew-holder with his brother John Lloyd for Stockton,
with whom he is equally rated for Stockton in 1604.
He is bracketed, in a joint rate, with his brother
George Lloyd, for property in Marton in 1604.
" Edmond Lloyd, gent," and his brother " Richard
Lloyd, Esquier, dwelling at Maryton," were church-
wardens^ of Chirbury parish in 1604-5. He was sum-
moned to the Herald's Visitation of Salop made by
Robert Treswell, Somerset Herald, in 1632, and died
before 1629. The will of his " widowe," Elizabeth
Lloyd of Stockton,^ was proved^ at Llereford by her
" Sonne " and executor, George Lloyd, on the 2nd May,
1632. They had issue

I. George Lloyd, Rector of Bedstone, in the deanery
of Clun and county of Salop.

IT. Edmund Lloyd, who had issue Richard and John.
He is mentioned in his mother's will.

^ See Appendix.

2 The following curious entry appears in tlie churchwarden's
accounts (1604-5) of " Richard Lloyd, esquier, and Edmond Lloyd,

" Item for a newe communion booke at Ludlowe the xii day of
November when bookes weare scante and deare by reason of the
plague that was in Sherewsbery and other places, 10s.

" For the booke of newe canons at the same time, 25."

The MS. Chronicle of Shrewsbury, 11th Oct., 1604, incidentally
refers to the prevalence of the plague there at that time.

" Proclamation to be made against buying or receiving apparel,
beddinge, etc., in regarde it is thought that the infection of plague
is greatly spread in the town by such buying" (Owen and Blake-
way's History of Shrewsbury, vol. i, p. 403).

» "Elizabetha Lloyd de Stockton, sepult. 2« April, 1032" (Chir-
bury parish register). ^ Probate Court, Hereford.

120 SHEEIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

III. Peter Lloyd, of Salop, who had John and Ed-
mund. He is mentioned in his mother s will.

IV. Alexander Lloyd, who had issue.

V. William Lloyd. His wife, Anne, was buried at
Chirbury in 1640.

I. Joyce, who married, first, Thomas ap Hugh of
Leighton ; and secondly, George Rogers, by whom she
had Jane and Joyce.

The Rev. George Lloyd, on the 22nd September,
1622, was presented to the rectory of Bedstone^ by the
patron, his second cousin, Thomas Ireland of Yaenor
and Salop, sheriff of Montgomeryshire in 1635. His
grand uncle, John Powell of Ednop, married Elizabeth,
one of the coheiresses of Vaenor.^ He had issue by his
wife Margaret.

I. Peter Lloyd of Bedstone, who seems to have died
intestate, unmarried, or without issue ; as on the 5th
February, 1668, the administration of the goods of
Peter Lloyd of Bedstone, county of Salop and diocese
of Hereford, was granted to his mother, Margaret
Lloyd f and his second cousin, George Lloyd, the hus-
band of his eldest sister and coheiress, Mary, succeeded
to his estate at Stockton and his lands in Marton.

I. Mary, who married her second cousin, George
Lloyd of Marton.

II. — , who married John Bowdler of Marton. *' John
Bowdler, gent," was churchwarden of Chirbury parish
in 1669, and rated for Marton in 1707.*

III. — , who married Richard Dale.

1 " £4. 3s. M. Bedeston R. Com. Salop Clon. Dec. Thomas Ire-
land, ar., 22 Sept., 1622, Patron. Geo. Lloyd, Rector" (Register
of First Fruits Office, Record Office).

2 " The Vaenor. Richd. (ap Edward ap Howell descended from
Brochwel, Prince of Powys) had two daughters, the one called Ann,
married Thomas Pursell (second son of Nicholas Purcell, sheriff in
1553) of Salop ; the other, called Elizabeth, married to John Powell
of Ednop. Thomas Pursell had one daughter and heir, called Mary,
who was married to George Ireland of Salop, and their son was
Thomas Ireland" (Lewys Dwnn's Visitation^ vol. i, p. 315).

^ Probate Court, Hereford.
'^ Chirbury Records.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMEE-YSHIKE. 121

IV. — , who married Hugh Dale.

V. Jane, who married John Hay.

The Rev. George Lloyd in his will, proved 1 8th March,
] 666,^ directs his " body to be buried in the chancel of
the church of Bedstone." *' I give and bequeath to
my son Peter all my lands in Stockton, due unto him
by his mother's feefment," " and also wood ground in
Marton described in Mr. Scriven's original deed, and
purchased by Edmund Lloyd, my father. '"^ " As touch-
ing the residue of my lands in Marton which my father
bought of Mr. Scriven, and which I bought of my brother
Edmund Lloyd," etc. He charges the above purchased
lands in Marton, which are particularly described in the
will, with his youngest daughter Jane Hay's marriage
settlement, as also with legacies to his daughter s chil-
dren by his " sons-in-law George Lloyd, John Bowdler,
Eichard Dale, Hugh Dale, and John Hay." '' £120
of this settlement to purchase lands for the said John
Hay and his wife Jane, as agreed between George
Lloyd and John Hay." He bequeaths the furniture of
the rectory to his wife Margaret, and his '' library of
books" to his son Peter, whom he leaves his sole
executor.

VIII. Matthew Lloyd was the eighth son of Richard
Lloyd of Marrington and Lucy Powel.

IX. Ludowick Lloyd.

The daughters of Richard Lloyd and Lucy Powel
were,

I. Agnes ; ii. Lucy.

III. Mawd, who married Richard Evans of Chirbury.
In the churchwardens' account for 1606 is the following :
*' Item, rec'^. for the buryall of Richard Evans ;" and
in those for 1608-9 : " Item, receivid for the buryall
of Mystres Mawd Evans." Catherine, the mother of

1 " Apud Ludlowe decimo octavo die mensis Martii An. Dn. Sfcilo
Anglie 1666. Cora Ven'li viro Timotheo Baldwvn Legm. Doctoro
Cancell. Juramento Petri Lloyd filii d'ct defunct" (Probate Court,
Hereford),

- Churchwardens of Chirbury in 1604-5.

122 SHEPJFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Richard Evans, was the daughter of EHzabeth Middle-
ton, who was the daughter of Richard Pen of Stockton,
in the parish of Chirbury, by Lowry, a natural daughter
of David Lloyd of Leighton, ap Sir Griffith Vaughan,
Knight/

IV. Catherine, who married David ap Thomas ap
John.^

Richard Lloyd, Lord of the manor of Harrington,
our sheriff, and the eldest son of Richard Lloyd and
Lucy Powell, was about twenty-one years of age at the
time of his father's death in 1570.

In the 14th Eliz. 1571, he was one of the jury on
inquisition in Salop. ^

The family monument, and arms, sa. three nag's
heads erased arg., now in Chirbury church, given in
illustration No. 2, fig. ii, with the date 1589, and in-
scription, "Memento Mori Ric'i Lloid," was erected
by our sheriff.

It was also he who, by the date 1595, erected the
sun-dial now in front of Marrington Hall, a sketch of
which is given in illustration, No. 2, fig. iii.

Although he was no herald, as appears by the arrange-
ment of the arms and quarterings, the latter have a
general reference to those borne by the family.*

In 1604 he, conjointly with his younger brother
Edmund Lloyd of Stockton, served as churchwarden of
his native parish of Chirbury, in which year he was
actively engaged in the restoration of the church,. which
his ancestor, Sir Robert de Boulers, Knight, had given
in the reign of King John towards the foundation of
the Priory of Chirbury. An interesting record remains
of the expenditure incurred on the occasion, and many
details from their accounts would afford an interesting
comparison with the cost of a similar work in the
present day. It states that

1 CedwynMS. 2 Visitatio7i of 1B84^.

^ Mr. Joseph Morris's MS. Visitation of Salo^p, " Lloyd of Mar-
rington."
• * See verbal blazon above.

■p^

a
fe

3
^

£3

-c

SHERIFFS OF MONTGQMEKYSHIRE. 123

" For tlie better agreement and avoyding of strife hereafter
amongst tlie parishioners, wee have taken, as nere as was esy,
a true view of all pewes, kneelings, and faculties together w'h
the right of every severall person w'h wee accordingly have
written in the booke.

" Furthermore, I. have set downe here the anciente customes
of this parish, the payeing of privie tenthes and tythes, layde
downe in writing by the gentlemen, vicare, and parishioners,
as here followeth/' After particularizing the latter the follow-
ing entry occurs : '^ Memorandum. That wee whose names
be subscribed have mett together at the Parish Church of
Chirbury the seventeenth day of June 1608. And upon the
true viewe and p^isell of the former anciente customes of the
parish before set downe by our predecessors prime Aprilis 1 594,
to be the true and anciente customes^ of the said parish before
the memory of man. Do ratifie and confirme and allowe all the
customes afforesaid by and with the confirmation and assent
of Lawrence Jones being nowe vicare and inducted into the
right of the said tiethes. And it is further agreed by and
with the consent of the said Lawrence Jones vicare that any
parishioner having a hop garden shall pay for the tythe thereof
i5d. yearly, at the feast of St. Michaell the Arch Angell. And
also for every orchard 2d. yearely to be paid at the tearme
aforesaid, and likewise for the tythe of every pigeon house
within the said parish 2d. yearely at Easter. (Signed)

Franc. Newton^

tie

^ The above interesting parish record states that " These cus
tomes weare layd downe by the gentlemen and parishioners xxx^
yeares agoe (i.e., in 1564), beinge then the anciente customes before
the memory of any of them, some of them being then four score
yeares of age, who subscribed their names thereunto, to witness the
truth to their posterity." Then follow the names of the witnesses
in 1564.

1. Richard Lloyd, ar.,

2. John Redge the elder, \

*3. Robert Middleton, >gent'.

4. John Harries of Stockton, )

5. John Bedo, . "Copia verum concordans

6. Rees ap Hugh, originali. Per me, Thomas

7. Richard ap John, Tomson, vicarium Ibid."

8. Humphrey Pen, gent.,

9. Thomas Aldwell,

10. Thos. Brayof Marton, with many others.

2 Of Heighltey. "FFrancis Newton, ar." rated for Chirbury in
1604-5.

124 SHEEIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Rych. Lloyd^ per me Laurentin Jones, vicare.
Rych. Lloyd2

Priam Lloyd ^ John ap Richard, junior^

George Harris* Homfrey Harrington"

Oliver Eedge^ George Benett/'

In 7th James I, 1610, a deposition was taken at
Churchstocke before Richard Leighton and Kichard
Lloyd, " armigeris duobus Justic. dicti Dni Regis ad
pacem com Montg." ®

At the Montgomeryshire Assizes, 8th James I, 22nd
September 1610, " Ricus Lloyd de Harrington ar." was
foreman of the second jury of inquisition.

On the 7 Dec. 1610, "Apud Allporte' in com. Mont-
gomery," the examination of Richard Anthony was
taken before '* Richard Lloyd esq'r." one of the justices
of the peace for the county of Montgomery.

In the XI James I, 23 May 1613, "Ricus Lloyd ar."
appears on the sheriffs' roll of magistrates at the Mont-
gomeryshire Assizes held at " Novam Yillam " (New-
town). And on the 27 Oct. at the autumn Assizes,
" Ricus Lloyd de Marrington ar." appears as foreman of
the grand jury.

At the close of this year he was pricked for the
appointment of sheriff under circumstances explained
in a letter^^ from Sir Ralph Winwood, knight, private
secretary to King James, to the Lord Chancellor, dated
from Newmarket, 22 November, 1615. "His Maty
understanding that S r Ihon Hayward what was lately

1 " Richard Lloyd, junior, ar.," rated for Marrington in 1604-5.
^ " Richard Lloyd, senior, ar.," rated for Marrington in 1604-5.
^ Eldest son of Richard Lloyd, junior.
^ " George Harrys, gent.," rated for Stockton in 1604-5.

5 " Oliver Redge, gent.,'' rated for Priest weston in 1604-5.

6 Rated for Myddleton in 1604-5.

7 Rated for " Walcott" in 1604-5.

8 "Miscellanea Historica," 7 James I.

9 Allport was a portion of the Marrington estate which extended
over the Montgomeryshire border.

10 Montgomerij shire Collections, vol. ii, p. 205.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 125

apoynted to bee sheriff of Montgomery shyre is a single
man, and hath neyther house nor lands in that county
untill after his mother's death, by which meanes is
altogether unapt for that imployment, hath beene
graciously pleased to release him thereof, and in his
place to prick Mr. Richard Ffloyd, of Marrington, esqr.,
to undertake that charge."

Sir John Hayward, Knight, was the son of Eowland
Hayward, alderman of London, who had a grant of the
lands and site of the Abbey of Strata Marcella, 5th
August, 2nd Edward VI, 1548. The latter was
knighted on his first accession to the important civic
digiiity of Lord Mayor in the 13th Eliz. 1570-1, an
office which he twice filled. In addition to his acqui-
sition of Crown lands, he purchased extensively from
the great feudatories. From the Earl of Arundel he
purchased, amongst others, the manor of Church Stret-
ton ; from the Lord Stafford the manor of Caus, with
several members of the barony extending over the
Montgomeryshire border. "In the 24th Eliz. 1582,
the said Sir Rowland Hayward conveyed to Thomas
Fanshawe, Esq., Remembrancer of the Exchequer, and
others, the manor of Cardington, with fourteen other
manors, with tythes and lands in the counties of Salop
and Flint, and several manors and estates in the coun-
ties of Montgomery, Bucks, Bedford, Wilts, Essex, and
London, in trust, for a jointure for Catherine Hayward,
his second wife, and fortimes for her children and those
of Joanna his first wife."^ The above Sir John Hay-
ward, who subsequently, in 1633, served the office of
Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, and Sir George Hayward,
were the sons of Sir Rowland Hayward, and probably
by his second wife Catherine, who, by virtue of the
above settlement, held this year, 1616, the Mont-
gomeryshire estates in dower.

Our sheriffs year of office was marked by a tragic
event, productive of considerable local interest at the
1. See Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 141, notes 1, 2, 3.

126 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

time, and of which there exist the folio wing recorded
particulars : —

Apud Polam 23 Januar. 13 Jam. I, 1615. Examination of
witnesses touching" the feloniouse murtheringe of Thomas
Jones of Llanerchv^ocelle in the county of Montgomery, gent.
Coronor's inquest on the body of the latter. '' Coram Thome
Jucks ar., uno Jus. in Com. pM et coram Carolo Lloyd, ar. et
Rico Gruffiths, gen.^ balli et justic pacis infra villam et liber-
tatem de Pola pM et Olivero Lloid Vaughan, gen. Coronator,
D'ni Regis com. p'd (Montgomery).

'^ Johes Lloyd, gen., comiss. p' mort Thome Jones p' sus-
picion, murd.^' (Kalandar omn^m prisonar, in gaelae D'ni
Regis Com. pred' sub. custod Bid Lloyd Ar. Vic. com. pred.
remanen. 30 Sep. 14 Jam. I).

The result of the above inquiry was a somewhat
vohiminous body of evidence, detailed in the sheriffs'
files of the 14th and 15th of James I, which gives an
interesting but painful insight into the dangerous
family feuds of those times. Several members of well-
known resident families, who, connected by family ties
with the principal, or as being cognisant of facts bear-
ing on the occurrence, were called upon to give evidence.
From the latter may be gathered the following facts : —

A bad feeling, of some standing, had been known to
exist between Mr. Thomas Jones of Llanerchbrochwel,
the deceased, and Mr. John Lloyd, the accused. At
the " alehouse of one Margaret Oliver," in Welshpool,
were assembled the following gentlemen of th^ neigh-
bourhood, viz. : " Mr. John Lloyd, gent. ;" " Mr. Brough-
well Lloyd, gent. ; "' " Mr. Wilham Spencer," " Mr.
Edmund Jones of the town of Pool, gent., cosin of Mr.
Thomas Jones, gent, the deceased," and others. In
the midst of their conviviality Mr. Thomas Jones en-
tered the room. " The company were silent." Thomas
Jones, finding that John Lloyd was present, apologised

1 From the Sheriffs' files, 18-14 James I. Record Office.

2 Son of Charles Lloyd of Leighton, sheriff in 1601. On the sale
of the Leighton estates to Judge Watties of Ludlow, he entered the
army, rose to the rank of Major, and was gentleman of the Privy
Chamber to King^ Charles I.

SJEERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 127

for his intrusion, retired, and was followed by John
Lloyd, the accused. " Mr. Thomas Morris of Llan-
dynnam,^ gent, staying at the time at the house of Mr.
Oliver Lloyd Vaughan," one of the coroners for the
county, and heanng what had occurred, immediately
sent for " Mr. Broughwell Lloyd," begging of him to
see that no harm came of the affair. The latter went
in search of and found John Lloyd, who angrily told
him that he was going to '' the Vaynor." He reasoned
with, and calmed him, as he supposed, saw him to his
bedroom, and then left him for his own home at Leigh-
ton. As soon as Broughwell Lloyd left, John Lloyd
called his servant and told him to go and fetch a certain
" rapier." The servant, returning with the rapier, was
told by John Lloyd not to wait up, " that he was going
to the Yaynor," and left for the night. Thomas Jones,
the deceased, was expected early the next day to pass
by on his way to a fair. In the gloom of the early
morning a party of horsemen were heard riding through
the streets of Welshpool. Among them a witness recog-
nised " the voice of Mr. Thomas Jones," the deceased.
Another witness deposed to the latter having been
found, shortly after, lying dead, '' thrust through the
body with a rapier."

Noia Jur. Magna. (Grrand Jury).

Ricus Sheinton de Llanwonog, gen. (Foreman), Eiceus
Thomas Lloyd de Llangerick,^ Meredd. David ap leun do
Dvvynwe (?), Reginaldus Clarke de Clmrclistocke, Riseus ap
leun de Tregonen, Rogerus Price de Ackley, Jolies Phillipps,
Georgius Symes de Trevegloes, Georgius Sowley (?), Owinus
Baxter, Owinus Jervis de Moydocke, Ricus Powell de Brynka-
mister, Rogerus Wynne de Llettegynvarth, Johis Bresse de
Llanbrinmaire, generosi.

Magna Sessio. tent apud Polam, 30 Sep. 14 James I. Sum-
mons thereto from Sir Thomas Chamberlayne_, Knight, Chief
Justice of Chester. Endorsed,

Rictus Lloyd, Ar., Vic.

1 The deputy sheriff.

2 On the grand jury at the assizes held at " Llanydloes," 18
Aug., 4 James I {Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 292).

128 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

His last magisterial act on record was the reception
of the deposition of " Maurice ap David of Chirbury,
yom. Coram Thome Juckes et Rico Lloyd armigeris
duobs justic ad pacem Dni Regis," on the 31st May,
17th Jam. L, 1619. In 1620 we still find "Richard
Lloyd of Marrington," on the roll of magistrates.^

His Inquisitio post mortem,^ taken at Worthyn,
county of Salop, 30th April, 21st James I., 1623, before
Thomas Corbett, esquire, escheator, states that " Ricus
Lloyd, nup. de Marrington, in Com. p'dict. Ar. defunct,"
died seized of the manor of Marrington and the other
lands in the parish of Chirbury as described in his
father's inquis. post mortem, with the exception of the
freehold lands in Marton, which had already passed to
his next brother with issue, George Lloyd, of Marton.
It further states that Priamus Lloyd, gentleman, was
his heir, aged thirty years and more at the time of his
father's death, which is said to have taken place on the
1st September, 18th James I, 1620. Accordingly, we
find the family pedigree, at the Herald's Visitation of
1623, signed by " Priamus Lloyd."

Our sheriff married Margaret, the daughter of John
Newton of Heightley, second son of Sir Peter Newton,
Knight, Chancellor of the Marches of Wales to Henry
VII and his son Prince Arthur.^ By Margaret Newton,
he had his only son and heir Priamus, and a daughter,
Lucy, married to Thomas Davies of Coxall, in the
county of Hereford, by whom she had — i. Richard
Davies of Coxall. ii. Priamus Davies, living in 1661,
and I. Anne, the wife of John Gough. The Davies',
now of Marrington, are not of this family.

Priamus Lloyd, of Marrington, married Catherine,*

' Mont. Coll, vol. ii, p. 347.

2 Wards and Liveries, bundle 13, fo. 36 (Record Office). Trin.
Pasch Term, 21 James I.

3 See " Francis Newton," sheriff in 1595 (Mo7it. Coll, vol. v, p.
443, et seq.)

* Her sister Elizabeth, who died in 1666 (Owen and Blakeway's
Hist, of Shreivshuri/, vol. ii, p. 436, n. 1), was the relict of Christo-
pher Whichcote, of Stoke, in the county of Salop, and parish of

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 129

tlie daughter of Edward Fox of Greet, in the county of
Salop, by EHzabeth, third daughter of Sir Edward
Leighton, Knight, of Wattlesborough Castle. In the
time of Priam us Lloyd an important botanical discovery
was made at Harrington, the particulars of which are
given in a note.^

Priamus Lloyd and Catherine Fox had issue

I. EicHARD Lloyd of Harrington, aged twenty-
two at the Herald's Visitation in 1623. He was a
barrister-at-law, having entered the Inner Temple in
1631, where he is described as the "son and heir of
Priamus Lloyd, Esq'r., of Harrington." His first cousin.
Sir Jeremy Whichcote, Bart., Solicitor-General to the
Prince Elector Palatine, was a member of the Inner
Temple.

II. Charles Lloyd, living in 1623.

III. George Lloyd, living in 1623.

IV. Edward Lloyd, living in 1627.

I. Hary. ii. Anne, who died prior to 1627.

Greet, by whom she was the mother of a numerous issue of five
daughters and seven sons, of whom were Colonel Christopher Which-
cote, Governor of Windsor Castle; Dr. Benjamin Whichcote, Pro-
vost of King's College, Cambridge ; and Sir Jeremy Whichcote,
first baronet of Hendon, Middlesex, and of the Inner Temple,
Solicitor-General to the Elector Palatine (See Betham's Baronetage,
vol. ii, pp. 41-2).

^ Mr. Thomas Johnson, better known as the learned editor and
emendator of Gerarde's Herbal, undertook with companions the
first professedly botanical tour in Wales in the year 1639. From
Machynlleth the travellers went through Montgomeryshire, and af
Montgomery Castle were hospitably received and entertained by
the illustrious Edward, Lord Herbert of Chirbury. In the neigh-
bourhood, " inter Dudson (Dudston) et Guarthlow," they gathered
Sulidagmem etiam Saracenicam, one of our rarest British plants.
In his edition, p. 446, of Gerarde's Herbal, he gives the following
account of the discovery, in 1632, in Marrington dingle, of this Soli-
dago as a British species. " The codded or imjoatient Arsmart was
first found to grow in this kingdome l^y the industry of my good
friend, Mr. George Bowles (medicinge candidatus), who found it at
these places : first in Shropshire, on the banks of the river Kemlet,
at Marington, in the parish of Cherberry, under a gentleman's house
called Mr. Lloyd ; but especially at Gnerndee, in the parish of Cher-
stoch, half a mile from the foresaid river, amongst great alder-trees
in the highway."

VOL. VI. K

130 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Eichard Lloyd joined his father, Priamus Lloyd, in
the sale of the manor and estates of Harrington to John
Craven, Esq., of London, afterwards Lord Craven, on
the 4th November, 1633.

Subsequent to the sale of Harrington no trace what-
ever has been discovered of the descendants of either
Eichard Lloyd or his brothers. On the 31st Hay,
1733, William Lord Craven sold the manor and estates
of Harrington to Thomas Powys of Shrewsbury.

w. y. ll.

APPENDIX.

Etchard Lloyd, lord of the manor of Marrington, held also,
as we have seen by his inquisitio post mortem, freehold lands
under Edward Herbert of his manor of Chirbury, also under
Thomas Scriven of his manor of Marton, all situate within the
parish of Chirbury. On his death the manor and estates of
Marrington descended to his eldest son Richard, our sheriff,
and his descendants. The freehold property in Marton went to
his fourth, but second surviving son with issue, George Lloyd,
whose descendants alone, of the numerous family of nine sons
and four daughters of Richard Lloyd and Lucy Powell, can
now be traced, and they have continued their connection with
the parish of Chirbury to the present day.

George Lloyd of Marton, entered as the fourth son of
Richard Lloyd and Lucy Powell at the herald^s visitations of
Salop in 1584 and 1623, was born about the year 1553. He
appears as a joint pewholder of a ^^Marton^^ pew, and as a
ratepayer for the township of Marton in 1604, with his first
cousin, William Bray, son of Thomas Bray and Gwen Lloyd,
his father's second sister. Also with his brother John Lloyd
and William Bray^ for Marton township, and he appears brack-
eted with his brother, Edmund Lloyd, as a ratepayer for pro-
perty in Marton in 1604. He was churchwarden of the parish
of Chirbury in 1611-12.

^ His grandson, Dr. Thomas Bray, was the eminent learned and
pious founder of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts, who was, says his biographer, " born at Marton in
Shropshire in 1656." He was not, however, baptized, according to
the following entry in the Chirbury parish register, an til 1658."
" Thomas fiUus Richardi et Mariee Bray, bapt. 2^ Maii" (1658).

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 131

In 1623, being then about seventy years of age, he was
summoned as "George Lloyd of Marton" to attend the herald's
visitation of the county of Salop. He died probably before
1629, the date of the first entry in the Chirbury Eegister, as
his death is not therein recorded; but certainly before 1635,
as is shown by the following entry in the Eegister: — Elizabetha
Lloyd de Marton, relicta Georgii Lloyd, sepult. 20^ lObris^
J 635.-'' He was succeeded by his son,

David Lloyd of Marton, who, in 1631, four years before the
death of his mother, Elizabeth, is so described in the registra-
tion of his eldest son's baptism at Chirbury. In 1632 he was
churchwarden of Chirbury.^

"28 Aprilis, 1632. The agreement betwixt the parishioners
of Chirbury, the burgesses of Shrewsbury, and others comittees
met in Salop to treate about in and of the suite between the
Bailiffs upon receyvinge the * of the * to whom it was
referred by his Ma'ties Solicitor, with the consent of Eichard
Hunt, Thomas Knight, * Jones and Thomas Jones, Esqrs. ;
Thomas Wynfeld, * Benion and William Eowley gentlemen
burgesses (?) of the sayd towne ; and for the sayd parishioners
of Chirbury, * Clearke, Vicare of Chirbury, David Lloyd,
Eichard Harries,^ gentlemen, and others, parishioners" (Chir-
bury Eecords).

Queen Elizabeth, in the thirteenth year of her reign, granted
the rectory and parsonage of Chirbury to the bailiffs and bur-
gesses of Shrewsbury for the beuefit of the grammar schools
founded there by King Edward VI, reserving out of the rec-
torial tythes a provision for the vicar of Chirbury. The con-
flicting interests of the schools and parish of Chirbury gave
rise to the above suit, in which David Lloyd represented the
parishioners.

1 "Anno Dom. Mar. 1632. Davidis Lloyd et Johannes Hoskis
Guardiani" (Chirbury parish Eecords).

2 Eichard Harries was the member of a family long seated at
Stockton, in the parish of Chirbury, and fifth in descent from John
Hill, alias Harris, from the county of Stafford. The latter married
Janet, daughter of Simon Henalt, joint lord of Marton in 1316
{Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 426). The father of Eichard Harris, viz.,
George Harris of Stockton, married " Mary, daughter of John
Herbert of Cemmes." " Maria, wife of Geo. Harris of Stockton,
bur'd 4th of 9'bris 1631" (Chirbury Eegister). Their arms, entered
with their pedigree at the herald's visitation of 1623, were " Az.,
a chevron, ar., between three hedgehogs, or." A branch of this
family emigrated to America about the time of the Commonwealth,
and is now represented by Mr. Harris of Salem, Massachusetts.

K 2

132 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

David Lloyd, signing himself of '^ Mart on Hall, 23 Jan.,
1 645," was governor of the garrison of Lee, or Leigh Hall, in
the adjoining parish of Worthyn, for King Charles I. It lies
about a mile south south-east of Worthyn. Some remains of
the fortified mansion of the Corbets of Lee,^ anciently called
Lee Castle, are still discernible on a rocky knoll above Lee
Hall. His correspondence and manifestoes, urging and threat-
ening those indiflferent to the Eoyal cause, with the object of
obtaining supplies for the garrison ; and his accounts, as well
as those of Captain de Villiers, governor at the same time for
the king, of Caus Castle, in the parish of Worthyn, were found
in the year 1 834 when pulling down a part of the old house at
Marton. They were entered on a parchment roll. The latter
was partly transcribed by the Rev. John Webb of Hardwicke
Vicarage, near Hay, the editor of Bishop Swinfield^s Roll of
Accounts, extracts of which he furnished to Mrs. Stackhouse
Acton, and which appear in her '^ Garrisons of Shropshire during
the Civil War, 1642-48," under the head of '' Lea Hall."

A few specimens are given "from the accounts^ of the two
governors of Lee Hall, to show the manner in which levies were
collected in the different townships on which the maintenance
of the garrison was imposed."

" October 1644. To the Constable of Stockton. You are required
to send me on Friday morning, at six of the clock, four men with
hand barrowes, and pitchforks, on payne of 2s. for every man that
refuseth to come. Dated at Lee this present Wednesday. — John
Devilliers."

" These are in his Majesties' name to will and command you to
bring into my garrison of Lee Hall, on Monday next, for the wieke's
provision, beginning ye 22nd of November, being Friday, as agreed
by the gentlemen of ye county, as is mentioned in this warrant : —
viz., one quarter of beef, one side of mutton, three strikes of oats,
two of rye, fourteen pounds of cheese, seven pounds of butter, one
cuple of pultry, and in money 5s., which if you refuse you may
expect my coming to fech it, for which this shall be my warrant,
this 19th of November. — J. Devilliers."

"Received of John Phillips of Stockton, the sum of 27s., in part
payment of the last month's contribution. — J. D., October 1644."

" Receipts are given for similar supplies of provisions and money
in December, and this appears to have been the regular supply
required for the garrison. Captain Devilliers had before this time

1 Ancestors of the Corbets of Sundorn.

2 Garrisons of Shropshire^ pp. 53-4.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 133

boen removed to Caus Castle, and David Lloyd been left in charge
of Lee Hall."

To Captain Devilliers, probably a rough soldier and an un-
sympathetic stranger to the neigbourhood, the discharge of the
duty of levying contributions was simple enough ; but to
David Lloyd this particular service in the Eoyal cause, sur-
rounded as he was by his kinsmen and friends, must have been
both difficult and disagreeable under his exacting senior officer
at Caus Castle. Severely taxed indeed must have been the
loyalty of the inhabitants of Chirbury parish, to furnish the
necessary supplies for the Eoyal garrisons, when we find David
Lloyd compelled thus to address them : —

" To the Constable of Stockton. This is to certifie you that I
returned a warrant from the hand of ye right worthy Captain
Dovilliers, Governor of Lee Hall, whereby I am to certifie you, that
if you come not in between this and Monday next, to bringe in
your accounts, and do bringe in your arrears, if not, he threatens
to burne all ye bookes, and to make you pay all anew, and so I
remaine

" Marton Hall, Your loving friend,

23 of January, 1645.^" David Lloyd."

" To the Constable of Stockton.^ This is to let you knowe that
I have received a warrant from the Worshipful Captain John Devil-
liers, whereby you are required to impress one teame, and five
workmen out of ye township, and then to send them to Lee Hall,
this day, being this instant, yesterday being ye 3rd of March, and
then to labour as directed ; this faile not at your perill, and to
bringe meate for ye same, and spades, and pickaxes.

Your loving friend,

David Lloyd."

An ancient silver seal of his arms, sa., three nag's heads
erased, ar., is now in possession of his descendants, through
females, the Humphreys of Walcot, Chirbury (see illustration
No. 2, figure 1).

David Lloyd^s command was, subsequent to the 8rd of
March, of short duration ; for the Scottish Dove, March 15th to
17th, 1645, informs us that "Prince Maurice hath quit all
the garrisons in Shropshire, because he wanted men to keepe
them ; and therefore hath burnt Lee Hall, and other garrisons,
and demolished their works.^^ A farmhouse now occupies the
site of Lee Hall, but attached to it are some fragments of
walls which have the appearance of having been burnt. Its

^ Mrs. Stackhouse Acton's Oarrisons of Shropshire during the
Cvva War, 1642-48, p. 54.

134 SHEEIFFS OF MONTOOMERYSHIRE.

garrison, doubtless, took refuge in the neiglibouring and more
important stronghold of Cans Castle, under the redoubtable
Captain Devilliers, the governor. The latter in his turn had
to submit to the force of circumstances, for '' Mercnrius Vere-
dicus/' under June 26th, 1645, informs us that the Parhament
forces laid siege to Cans Castle, in which were three hundred
men,^' including, doubtless, David Lloyd and his garrison from
Lee Hall. " The governor refusing to deliver it (Cans Castle)
upon summons, our forces began to storm e it for a while, at
length the enemy put forth a white flag, and desired a parley ;
hereupon hostages were delivered on l3oth sides, and articles
agreed upon.

" 1. That the castle, with the arms and ammunition, matches, pow-
der, etc., should be delivered into the hands of the Parliament
forces, except such as are allowed in the ensuing article.

" 2. That all oflBcers of the garrison should march away with their
colours and swords only.

" 3. That they should have safe convoy to the king's next gar-
rison.^"

David Lloyd married Maria or Mary,^ second daughter of
'^ John Williams de Winnington,-'-' in the parish of Alberbury
(son of ^* Robert Williams de Winningtou,^' son of Reginald
Williams of Willaston, sheriff 38th Henry VIII, 1546), by
Jane, daughter of Oliver Lloyd of Leighton, by whom he had
issue

I. ^' Georgius filius Davidis Lloyd de Marton. Baptizatus
24^ 9 bris, 1631."3

II. " Thomas filius Davidis Lloyd de Marton. Bapt. 1 7^ die
9 bris, 1637.^^3

III. "Johannis filius Davidis et Marise Lloyd. Bapt. 23^
Junii 1642.^^3

I. " Margaretta filia Davidis Lloyd de Marton. Bapt. 16*^
Feb. 1633.^^3

II. " Maria filia Davidis Lloyd de Marton. Bapt. P die
Martii 1634. Sepultus 10^ Aprilis 1634.^^^

David Lloyd was buried at Chirbury on the 19th April,
1664.^ In an old Latin bible, formerly belonging to his grand-
son, the Rev. Peter Lloyd, vicar of Forden, and now in the
possession of the Humphreys of Walcot, his burial is thus
recorded : " D. Lloyd sep. 19^ April, 1664.'' '' Mary Lloyd
vid.'^ was rated for property in Marton in 1664-5.*

^ Garrisons of Shropshire, p. 42.

2 Visitations, 1584 and 1623.

^ Chirbury Register.

* Chirbury Records. "Lloyd" MS.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 135

Georqe Lloyd^ eldest son and heir of Pavid Lloyd of Mar-
ton, was rated for property in Stockton in 166 4-5-6/ the
adjoining township to Marton, and for Stockton and Marton
in 1680/ where his mother had resided up to the time of her
death, presumably in 1675. He was churchwarden in 1665.

On the 14th April, 27 Charles II, 1675, the Rev. Edward
Lewis, vicar of Chirbury, gave lands in trust for the founda-
tion of a school at Chirbury to twelve trustees. On the 22nd
November, 27 Charles II, he extended the advantages of the
school to children of the adjoining parish of Forden in Mont-
gomeryshire. Among the original trustees were —

'^Richard Jones of Lloynrerid, gentleman.'^ He was the
father of Edward Jones, D.D., Bishop of St. Asaph.

'' Evan Jones of Little Hem, gentleman." On a grave-
stone resting (in 1857) against the chancel- wall of Welshpool
Church, under the chancel- window, is the following : ^' Here
lieth the body of Evan Jones, gent, late of Hem in Forden,
who departed this life the 2nd day of March 1711 in the 78th
year of his age.'^

Charles Mason of Montgomery, gentleman.

George Lloyd of Stockton, gentleman.

Richard Farmer of Dudston, gentleman.

John Edwards of Rorrington, gentleman.^

Richard Bradley of Stockton, gentleman.^

The deed extending identical privileges to the children of
Forden parish is witnessed by " Richard Jones of Lloynrerid,
Evan Jones of Little Hem, Charles Mason of Montgomery,
George Lloyd of Stockton, and Richard Farmer* of Dudston.^'^

On the 24th March, 4 James II, 1688, George Lloyd's sig-
nature, with an impression of his arms, sa. three nag's heads
erased ar., from the seal given in illustration 2, fig. 1, are
affixed to the original will of the above-named " Richard Jones
of Lloynrerid," his co-trustee.

1 Chirbury Records. <' Lloyd" MS.

2 He was the son of John Edwards of Rorrington, in the parish
of Chirbury, and Mary Pryce of Gunley, in the parish of Forden.
By Thomasina Lloyd, daughter aud heiress of Edward Lloyd of
Maesmawr, in the parish of Guilsfield, he had Lloyd Edwards of
Rorrington and Maesmawr.

3 Richard Bradley married Eleanor, daughter and heiress of
Richard Harris of Stockton, and Abigail, daughter of Richard Piers
of Pleley, in the county of Salop.

* The Farmer family subsequently exchanged Dudston for Bach-
eldre, in the parish of Churchstoke. The latter was in the pos-
session of Edward Farmer, Esq., in 1837.

^ The trust deed (copy) says that the original is deposited " in
the exchequer of the town of Shrewsbury."

136 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

George Lloyd married Mary, his second cousin, and the
eldest daughter and coheir of the Rev. George Lloyd, rector
of Bedstone, who in his will styles him his '' son in law.'^ By
Mary Lloyd he had issue

I. George Lloyd op Marton. " Georgius filius Georgii et
Marias Lloyd Bap. Jan. 12 a.d. 1656." His baptism^ is thus
entered in his younger brother^s (Rev. Peter Lloyd) Latin
Bible at Walcot.

He died without issue, and his will,^ proved at Ludlow 23rd
January, 1727, appoints his nephew and heir, " George Lloyd
of Stockton,^^ his sole executor.

II. The Rev. Richard^ Lloyd, M.A., of St. John's College,
Cambridge, rector of Croft cum Yarpole, Herefordshire, o.s.jp.
He was buried at Yarpole 28th July, 1723, where his tomb
lies between the church and a campanile, or detached bell-
tower. His arms, sa. three nag's heads erased ar., and
part of the inscription thereon are given in illustration No. 2,
fig. iv. The concluding portion of the inscription, in English,
but somewhat obliterated (in 1857) stood thus: "His prin-
ciples were stedfast. His anger short. His patience long.
He was a friend to his Church, to Piety, Peace * * * He
was a friend to the poor * and * founder of * school * this
village * * ^^ His portrait is now at Walcot.

III. Rev. Peter Lloyd, vicar of Forden, Montgomeryshire,
a parish adjoining that of Chirbury. " Petrus filius Georgii
et Mari^ Lloyd Bapt. 12^ 9 bris 1665."*

He held the vicarage of Forden from about 1688 to the time
of his death in 1721. We have seen that his family had an

^ " Georgius filius Georgii et Mariee Lloyd. Bapt. 12*^ Janii
1656" (Chirbury Register).

2 It runs thus : " I George Lloyd of Marton in the parish of
Chirbnrj-, in the county of Salop and dioces of Hereford, gent. * *
give devise and bequeath the same of fibrty pounds," the interest
to be paid yearly out of his purchased estate in Stockton in " penny
bread to the poor of the parish of Chirbury, and in cloth coats to
the poor of the seven Townes on the lower side of the s'd parish of
Chirbury." * * "And my will is that Marton and Stockton
shall be first serv'd." * * " Item, the rest and remaining part
of my personal estate, goods, chattels, and cattle, I give and be-
queath the same to be equally divided between my brother Peter's
(Rev. Peter Lloyd) three younger children, and I do hereby ap-
point George Lloyd of Stockton my nephew to be sole executor."

^ "Richardus filius Georgii et Marise Lloyd, baptizatus fuit
290 Janii 1659" (Chirbury Register). "Richardus Lloyd, Cler.,
sepultus fuit vicessimo octavo Julii 1723" (Yarpole Register).

^ Chirbury Register,

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 137

interest of some standing in that ' parisli, whose tithes had
formerly belonged to the Priory of Chirbury, of which John
Lloyd_, the elder brother of his ancestor, OUver Lloyd of Har-
rington, had been prior. His great -great-grandfather, Eichard
Lloyd of Harrington, had farmed the tithes of Forden under
the Crown in the 1-2 Phil, and Hary, a.d. 1554, and his great-
great-grand-uncle '' Ludovick Lloyd, Esquier, then one of her
Haiesties Seriant-at-armes," had a grant from Queen EHzabeth
by letters patent of the 13th Hay, 29 Ehz. 1587, of the
" Chapell of FFording als FForden,'' " and all manner of
Tyethes of corne etc., on condition that the said Ludovick
Lloyd his executors and assigns do finde and provyde one
sufficient and fitt chapleyne to celebrate divine service and
to take the cure of soules in the said chapell of FFording
yerely.^^^

The Eev. Peter Lloyd married Hargaret,^ third daughter of
John Heredith of Hunlin and Great Hem, in the parish of
Forden. Her nephew, John Heredith of Great Hem and Hun-
lin, married Hary,^ the daughter of Arthur Devereux, junior,
and Bridget his wife, son of Arthur Devereux of Nantcribba,
whose will is dated 15 Aug. 1709.

The Rev. Peter Lloyd and Hargaret had issue,

I. " Georgius filius Petri Lloyd cler. et HargarettaB uxoris
ejus baptizat. 26 Nov. 1702.'^*

II. ^' Petrus filius Petri Lloyd cler. et Hargarettae uxor ejus
Bapt. 7«Die Junii 1706.'^*

III. ^' Haria filia Petri Lloyd cler. et Hargarettas uxor ejus
bapt. 16' Sepr. 1701.^'*

IV. " Elizabetha filia Petri Lloyd cler. et Hargaretta uxor
ejus Bapt. 18 Oct. 1701."*

1 Mont. Coll., vol. iii, pp. 324-5.

2 " Margaret, daughter of John Meredith, baptized 24th July,
1(566" (Forden Register). " Petrus Lloyd et Margaretta Mero-
dite matrimonio conjuncti fuere, 20^ Jan. 1699" {Ibid.)

^ " Maria fil. Arthur. Devereux gen., et Bridgett. Bap. 2 Nov.
1705" (Forden Register). "John Meredith and Mary Devereux
married 3 May 1726" (Ibid.) A monument to the memory of their
son, needlessly cast aside on the demolition of the old church at
Forden, had the following inscription. " John Meredith of Great
Hem and Munlin, gent., son of John Meredith and Mary Devereux
his wife. He was married to Margaret Meredith of Swinsbach, in
the Co. of Salop, 6 Mar., 1764, and died 22 Oct., 1776, in the 49th
year of his age." The following memorial of a member of the
family is built into the front wall of the house at the " Hem.'*
" Mm. Marg. Meredith, 1751. R. P."

* Forden Register.

138 SHEPwIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

Among many monuments lost since the demolition of the
old parish church was a memorial brass in the chancel wall, to
the memory of the Rev. Peter Lloyd, with the following in-
scription : *^ Petrus Lloyd hujus Ecclesiae quondam minister
obiit tertio die Julii 1721. ^tatis anno 55," a verification of
which is however supplied by the Forden register.^ His widow
administered to his effects on the 6th March 1 721-2,^ and sur-
vived him twenty years.'^^ His Latin Bible, containing family
memoranda as far back as a.d. 1661, is now at Walcot. He
was succeeded by his eldest son,

George Lloyd of Maeton, who removed there from the
house at Stockton on the death of his uncle, George Lloyd of
Mar ton.

In 1738 "The Hon'ble Pryce Devereux, Esquire,* son and
heir apparent of the Right Hon'ble -Pryce, Lord Viscount
Hereford ; William Foden of Wotherton, gentleman ; Thomas
Edwards of Chirbury, clerk ;^ and Leonard Hotchkis of Shrews-
bury, clerk f by deed of release, being the surviving of twelve
former trustees of Chirbury school, conveyed their trust to
' George Lloyd of Marton, gentleman,' and eleven others."

In the 22nd George III, 1782, by deed of release, bearing
date 7th September, George Lloyd, '^ late of Marton, in the
parish of Chirbury, in the county of Salop, and now of Munlin
in the parish of Forden, in the county of Montgomery, gentle-
man," being the only survivor of the last appointed twelve
trustees, conveyed his trust to his son and heir, " John Lloyd
of the Wood in the parish of Forden, gentleman," and eleven
others.

John Lloyd of the Wood married Catherine, daughter of
John Gethin of Yaynor, by Mary, third daughter of Jenkin Lloyd
of Clochfaen, sheriff of Montgomeryshire, in 1713. By her he
had several sons and daughters, of whom the only survivors
with issue were Margaret Lloyd, who married Arthur Lloyd

1 " Petrus Lloyd, minister, Ecclesias Fordinensis, obiit Tertio die
julii et sepultus est quinto die ejusdem mensis, 1721."

2 " Adm. bonor. Petri Lloyd nup' de FForden in Dioces Heref.
Cler. Concess fuit Mar^tae Loyd ejus Reli'se. Jurat cora Surro 6
Martii 1721" (Probate Court, Hereford).

^ " Margaret, the widow of the Rev. Mr. Peter Lloyd, formerly
minister of this parish, was buried the 3rd of June, 1742" (Forden
Register).

* He succeeded as tenth Viscount.

5 He was Vicar of Chirbury, and father of the Rev. Sir Thomas
Edwards, seventh Baronet, the great grandfather of Sir Henry
Hope Edwards, Bart.

^ He was head master of Shrewsbury schools.

SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 139

Uumplireys, afterwards of " the Wood/' and Mary Lloyd, who
married his brother, Edward Humphreys of Walcot. They,
oil the death of their father John Lloyd,^ on the 27th Febru-
ary, 1831, aged 88, had possession of his estates in the town-
ships of Marton and Stockton in the parish of Chirbury, and
in the townships of Lower Munhn and Little Hem (the Wood)
in the parish of Forden, but the family succession in the male
line was continued by the representative of

Peter Lloyd op Stockton,^ second son of the Eev. Peter
Lloyd, vicar of Forden. He married Jane,^ daughter of Richard
Pickstock of Stockton. He, conjointly with his father-in-
law, was churchwarden'^ of Chirbury parish in 1739. They
had issue

I. "John, son of Peter and Jane Lloyd, baptized 27 Decem-
ber, 1734,"^ o.s.p,

II. "Peter, son of Peter and Jane Lloyd, baptized 19th
February, 1736. Buried 6 September, 1737.^^5

III. '^ George, son of Peter and Jane Lloyd, baptized 31
October, 1739.''^

He was succeeded by his third, but eldest son with issue,
GrEORGE Lloyd OF LuGGY, in the parish of Berriew. " George
Lloyd died 15 November, 1803, aged sixty-four years.^^^ By
his wife Frances, daughter of Richard Henley of Welshpool,
he had

I. George Humphreys Lloyd, o.s.p. His monument is in
the chancel of Chirbury church.

II. " Richard, son of George Lloyd, gent., of Luggy, was
baptized Jan^y 17th, 1765.'^^ He " died 11 March, 1832,
aged sixty-six.^^^ He married Sarah, daughter of Christopher
Comyn Higgins^ and Jane, daughter and co-heir of William
Billingsley of Salop, by Margaret, sister and co-heir of the
last John C^le of Oxon Hall, and Cole Hall, Salop.

Sarah Lloyd died in 1818, aged fifty-two. Her tomb is at
S. Alkmund's, Salop.

1 Tomb at Forden.

2 " Peter Lloyd married to Jane Pickstock, September 20th,
1782" (Chirbury Register). '* Mr. Richard Pickstock" was rated
for Stockton in 1717, and " Mr. Lloyd" also for property in Stockton
in 1728.

s Chirbury Records, Lloyd MS. * Chirbury Register.

^ Chirbury Register.

^ Family Bible. '^ Berriew Register.

8 Tomb at St. Alkmunds, Salop.

^ Born at Loynton Hall, parish of Norbury, Staffordshire (where
the Higgius family were seated for many generations), and bap-
tized at Norbury, 27th April, 1729.

140 SHERIFFS OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

William Lloyd ^ was the second, but eldest surviving son
with issue, of Richard and Sarah Lloyd. He died at Mel-
bourne, Canada East, on the 28th January, 1855. He married^
Jane Fitzgerald, second daughter of Charles Henry Fitzgerald
de Beaumont,^ by Jane, daughter of Captain Banner, on the
staff, in 1777, of the Right Hon. General Burgoyne, in com-
mand of the British army in America. They had issue

I. William Y. Lloyd, born 14th February, 1825.^

II. Henry Crampton Lloyd, born 23 January, 183L

III. Frederick Lloyd, born 18th October, 1832.

IV. Charles W. Lloyd.

I. Jane Fitzgerald, born 11th March, 1827, o.s.p. ii. Louisa.
Ill, IV. Ada, Emily, twins, v. Arabella.

Rev. William Valentine Lloyd, M.A., R.N., F.R.G.S.,
entered Shrewsbury schools 29th September, 1838, was incum-
bent of Marton, parish of Chirbury, in 1857, and is now (1872)
chaplain of H.M.S. Dulce of Wellington, flag-ship of Sir
Rodney Mundy, K.C.B., Admiral and Commander-in-Chief at
Portsmouth. He married Caroline Amelia Sophia,^ only
daughter of Captain John Athelmer Aylmer, R.N., and sister
of Udolphus, seventh Baron Aylmer,^ and tenth Baronet, who
succeeded to the latter dignities on the deaths, without issue,
of his cousins. Lieutenant-general Lord Aylmer, G.C.B., Go-
vernor-General of, and Commander-in-Chief in, Canada (fifth
Baron), and the brother of the latter. Admiral Frederick William,
sixth Baron Aylmer. Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd have issue

I. Sophia Louisa.

II. Emily. W. Y. LI.

^ Baptized at St. Alkmunds, Salop, in 1800.

2 4th March, 1824, at St. Philip's, Birmingham.

^ Son of the Marquis de Beaumont and Lady — Fitzgerald,
daughter of Robert, nineteenth Earl of Kildare.

^ Publicly baptized, with his brothers, at All Souls' Church,
Langham Place, London, 81st December, 1832.

^ The Hon. Mrs. Lloyd, and her brother, the Hon. Henry Aylmer,
were, by royal warrant, dated from St. James's, 17th May, 18(57,
granted the precedence of Baron's children.

" Recorded in the College of Arms, London, pursuant to a war-
rant of the Deputy Earl Marshall of England."

Signed, " Albert W. Woods,

Lancaster and Register."

6 See " Charles Herbert of Aston," sheriff in 1608 {Mont. Coll.,
vol. V, pp. 485, n. 4 ; 486, n. 2.

{To he continued.)

KICHARD lLOYDT,S(iUIRE,SHKRITF, imj^TRATlOt^ NO. I

IXOYPARMS AT MAliRiN&TON HALL CHIRB'JRY.

AD*1584

' VV^ Ni: ARM^' / N ST AINKL GLASS /..Tc.ARl^H

^^^*-^^//^,.^/v^^vJ^.^ ^K MliI eman & B ass, 23 6,Holbom,]^n don.

141

ON SOME HUMAN BONES FOUND AT
BUTTINGTON, MONTGOMEEYSHIKE.

By W. BOYD DAWKINS, F.R.S.

Among some papers which have lately demanded my
attention, there is one relating to the discovery of
human bones in Buttington Churchyard, a hamlet near
Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, which is worthy of being
placed on record, and being brought into relation with
history.^ In the year 1838 the late Be v. Bichard

^ At the time, a local newspaper (the Shrewslmry Chronicle) recorded
the discovery in the following terms : — " From a correspondent. A
•workman having been employed in the churchyard of Buttington,
Montgomeryshire, to dig the foundation for a school-room, was inter-
rupted in his labour by a very extraordinary discovery of immense
quantities of human skulls, and several cart loads of human bones.
In one circular hole, three feet and a half in diameter and three feet
and a half deep, were found one hundred skulls, all arranged in
mechanical order, facing the east, and covered with a single range of
thigh and leg bones, belonging respectively to each other. In the
other two holes, about the same depth, but very irregularly formed,
were deposited in each about one hundred skulls, intermixed with a
great number of bones, and all the cavities, containing a space of four-
teen feet by five feet, were completely overlaid with bones. The teeth
in very many of the jaw-bones were as perfect and fresh as though
they had recently been interred. Nearly three hundred skulls, all
appearing in the same stage of decomposition, are arranged in the
church for the inspection of visitors, great numbers of whom have
seen the above remains of mortality. This circumstance has natu-
rally excited a variety of conjectures, and much historical interest.
It is universally known that the village of Buttington in former
times had frequently been the scene of much bloodshed, and that
many sanguinary battles were there fought between the Saxons and
their rapacious invaders the Danes, there being some remains of
encampments on the rising grounds, which are generally supposed
to be of Danish construction. In the year a.d. 894, the Danes,

142 ON HUMAN BONES

Dawkins, the incumbent of the parish, made a most
remarkable discovery of human remains while digging
the foundations for a new schoolroom at the south-
west corner of the churchyard, and in making a path
leading from it to the church door. He discovered
three pits, one containing two hundred skulls, and two
others containing exactly one hundred each ; the sides
of the pits being lined with the long bones of the arms
and the legs. Two other pits contained the smaller
bones, such as the vertebrae and those of the extremities.
All the teeth were wonderfully perfect, and the condi-
tion of the skulls showed that the men to whom they
belonged had perished in the full vigour of manhood.
Some of the skulls had been fractured, and the men to
whom they belonged had evidently come to a violent
death. A jaw bone of a horse and some teeth were
found in one of the pits, and among the circumstances
noted at the time was the fact that the root of an ash
tree, growing in the churchyard, had found its way
through the nutrient foramen of a thigh-bone, into the
cavity which contained the marrow, and had grown
until it penetrated the further end of the bone, and
finally burst the shaft : the bone and root were com-

under Hesten, after traversing a great part of England, stationed
themselves at Buttington, when the Generals of Alfred surrounded
and besieged them so closely that the invaders were compelled to
eat their own horses for subsistence. At length, however, actuated
by despair and famine, they attempted to force their way through
the Saxon army, but were defeated with such dreadful slaughter
that very few, if any, escaped to their own country. The most pro-
bable conjecture, therefore, is that the brave warriors who fell in
this battle were interred in the field of action, and their bones after-
wards removed to Buttington churchyard, as the place of their final
reception." It is probable that this paragraph was from the pen of
the Rev. John Parker of Sweeney.

The discovery was noticed by the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne in his
Salopia Antiqua, p. 190, note 1, in connection with the site of Ofia's
Dyke. He states that the " Saxon Chronicle, anno 894, mentions
a conflict at this spot between the Danes and Saxons, the latter
being assisted by the Welsh." He adds : — " Still more recently,
nearly the last of the sanguinary struggles of the Welsh for national
independence was made on this spot." — (Sec. P. L. C.)

FOUND AT BUTTINGTOK 143

pacted together into one solid mass. These remains
were unfortunately collected together and reinterred on
the north side of the churchyard without being ex-
amined by any one interested in cranio] ogy, the few
fragments/ with some few exceptions, which escaped
reinterment, being merely the teeth, which were sold
at sixpence and a shilling apiece by the workmen, as a
remedy against toothache ; for the possession of a dead
man's tooth was supposed, by the people in the neigh-
bourhood at that time, to prevent that malady.

The interest in this discovery died away, and, so far as I
know, there was no attempt made to bring it into relation
with history, although it affords a striking proof of the
accuracy of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. In the year
894 we read that the Danes, probably under the com-
mand of Hsesten, left Beamfleet, or Benfleet, in Essex,
and, after plundering Mercia, or central England, col-
lected their forces at Shoebury in Essex, and gathered
together an army both from the East Anglians and the
Northumbrians. " They then went up along the
Thames till they reached the Severn ; then up along the
Severn. Then Ethered the ealdorman, and ^thelnoth
the ealdorman, and the King's thanes who were then at
home in the fortified places, gathered forces from every
town east of the Parret, and as well west as east of
Selwood, and also north of the Thames and west of the
Severn, and also some part of the North Welsh people.
When they had all drawn together then they came up
with the army at Buttingtune on the bank of the Severn,
and there beset them about, on either side, in a fastness.
When they had now sat there many weeks on both
sides of the river, and the King was in the west in
Devon, against the fleet, then were the enemy distressed
for want of food, and having eaten a great part of their

^ One of the skulls was given to Mr. Blackmore, and, probably,
is now deposited in his Museum at Salisbury. Any member of the
Powys-land Club, who happens to have a specimen of the skulls,
and would lend it for examination, would render an essential ser-
vice.—(Sec. P. L. C.)

144 ON HUMAN BONES

horses, the others being starved with hunger, then
went they out against the men who were encamped on
the east bank of the river and fought against them,
and the Christians had the victory. And Ordheh, a
King's thane, was there slain ; and of the Danish men
there was great slaughter made, and that part which
got away thence was saved by flight. When they had
come into Essex to their fortress and the ships, then
the survivors again gathered a great army from among
the East Angles and the North Humbrians before
winter, and committed their wives and their wealth and
their ships to the East Angles, and went at one stretch,
day and night, until they arrived at a western city in
Wirral, which is called Legaceaster (Chester)."

It is evident from this passage that a most desperate
battle was fought at Buttington, between the Danes
and the combined English and Welsh forces. And
when we consider the position of the churchyard, which
is slightly above the level of the fields on the east side,
and which stands out boldly above the stretch of allu-
vium on the north side, there can be but little doubt
that the battle was fought on the very spot where the
bones were discovered. In the Chronicle we read that
the Danes were compelled to eat their horses. The
jaw of a horse was discovered in the excavations, toge-
ther with many horse's teeth. It is therefore almost cer-
tain that these human remains belong to the men who fell
in this battle. We cannot tell who arranged the bones in
the way in which they were found ; nor do we know
whether they belonged to Danes, English, or Welsh,
but it is hardly probable that the victors would know-
ingly give Christian burial to their heathen adversaries.
The commanding position offered by the camp probably
caused it to be chosen by the monks of the neighbouring
abbey of Strata Marcella for the site of the present
church, and it is very probable that they discovered the
rehcs of the battle, and arranged them in the pits in
the churchyard, after the same fashion as is seen in
many crypts and catacombs.

FOUND AT BUTTINGTON. 145

There is another point of interest in this passage of
the Chronicle. Buttington is said to be on the east
bank of the Severn. Since that time the river course
has passed to the westward to a distance of about a
quarter of a mile. Its ancient course, however, is still
marked by a small brook running close under the
churchyard, and which finds its way into the Severn
by the " main ditch." In connection with this I may
remark that Colonel Lane Fox and myself, when exam-
ining OfFa's dyke in the year 1869, lost all trace of it
in passing from Forden northwards, when we arrived
at this stream. The Severn, flowing at that time close
to Buttington church, would form a natural barrier
between the Mercians and the Welsh, and render the
erection of a dyke unnecessary. There is no material
fact added to this account in the Chronicle of Ethel-
werd,^ or in that of Florence of Worcester, or Henry of
Huntingdon.

It is quite possible to trace at the present time the
boundaries of the Danish camp. It was defended on
the north-west by the river Severn ; on the east by a
rampart running parallel, or nearly so, with the road to
Forden ; on the north-east by the churchyard wall ;
and On the south by the depression which runs down
from the present line of the Forden road behind the
Vicarage garden down to what was then the old course
of the Severn. It may also have included the site of
the out-buildings opposite to the Green Dragon Inn.

^ In Ethelwerd's time the battle lived in the memory of the old
inhabitants of the district — " Gesta haec quippe in Buttingtune, pre-
dicantur a priscis." — Chronicon Ethelwerdi, Lib. iv, c. 518, RoUg
Publ.

VOL. VI.

14G

SUPPOSED STONE HATCHET

FOUND AT

LLANGADFAK

This stone is described in Mont. Coll., vol. ii. p. 330,
and is there figured. The plate gives a correct repre-
sentation of the stone, but the dimensions are acci-
dentally reversed. It was supposed to be an ancient
hatchet or hoe, and was found among some rubbish
near the rectory garden.

Mr. John Evans, the author of '' Stone Implements
in Great Britain," upon seeing the plate, was puzzled,
and wished to see the stone itself, which was accord-
ingly sent to him.

Mr. Evans, upon examining it, reports that " he is
unable to see any signs of its shape being due to art.
On the contrary, he is inclined to regard it as of a
purely natural form."

147

POETEAITS
CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHIRE .^

POWTS CASTLE, WALCOT, OAKLY PARK, STYCHE, BLYMHILL

RECTORY, MISS GRIFFITHES' HOUSE AT WELSHPOOL,

BROGYNTYN AND PENIARTH.

AT POWIS CASTLE.

Sir William Herbert, first Lord Powys of Powys
Castle, oh. 1655. Size, 42 inches by 33 inches. In
striped dress.

His wife. Lady Eleanor Percy, daughter of Henry,
eighth Earl of Northumberland. 42 by 33. She wears
a hoop and a curious dress of brocade, with a pointed
stomacher, a ruffle, and a red skirt, and holds a fan.

Roger Palmer, Earl of Castlemaine, their grand-
son (being the son of their eldest daughter Katherine,
by her second husband, Sir James Palmer), oh. 1 705.
Full length, in red cloak. He is represented as dictat-
ing to his secretary.^

1 Continued from voL v, p. 215.

2 He was ambassador to the Holy See under King James II.
An account of this embassy was published by his secretary, John
Michael Wright, in English, and also in Italian. The Italian volume,
in folio, was published at Rome, pp. 89, with prints. The following
are the titles of both works, which are very rare. " An Account of
His Excellence, Roger, Earl of Castlemaine's Embassy, from His
Sacred Majesty, James the Ilnd, King of England, Scotland,
France, and Ireland, &c., to His Holiness, Innocent XL Published
formerly in the Italian Tongue, by Mr. Michael Wright, Chief
Steward of His Excellencie's House at Rome, and now made En-
glish, with several Amendments and Additons (sic). Licensed,
Roger L'Estrange. London. Printed by Tho. Snowden, for the
Author. 1688. Folio, pp. 116." "Ragguaglio della solenne com-

148 PORTRAITS

Percy, second Lord Powis, oh. 1662. Three-quarter
length, 47 by 35. In black dress, white frill, gloves
in right hand. Painted on wood by Cornelius Jansen.

His wife, Elizabeth Craven, daughter of Sir William
Craven, and sister to William, first Earl Craven; 47
by 35. Black dress, white frill, holding a jewel and
chain. Painted on wood by Cornelius Jansen.

William, third Lord Powis, created Earl and Mar-
quis of Powis, and, at St. Germain's, Duke of Powis.
Three-quarter length, 49 by 40. This picture has an
earl's coronet standing on a table.

His wife, Lady Elizabeth Somerset, daughter of
Edward, Marquis of Worcester. 49 by 46. Blue bro-
cade skirt with white mantle.

Edward, Marquis of Worcester Originally a half-
length, which has been made into a full length.

Lady Lucy Herbert (daughter of the first Duke
and Marquis of Powis). 51 by 38 ; in a white or silver-
grey dress. She was Superior of the convent of the
English Augustine Nuns at Bruges, oh. 1744.

Lady Mary Herbert (her sister), wife, first, of
Caryll, third Viscount Molyneux ; and, second, of
Francis Browne, Viscount Montague. Size, 51 by 38 ;
in her peeress's robes, holding a coronet, and with an
attendant.

William, second Marquis and Duke of Powis, oh.
1745. Three-quarter length, 49 by 40. In his peer's
robes, holding a ducal coronet.

His wife, Mary Preston (daughter of Sir Thomas
Preston), oh. 1723-4.

parsa fatta in Roma gli otto di Gennajo mdclxxxvii dall' Illustris-
simo et Excellentissimo Signor Conte di Castelmaine, Ambasciadore
Straordinario della Sagra Real Maesta di Giacomo Secondo, Re
d'ighilterra, Scozia, Francia, et Ibernia, diffensore della Fede alia
Santa Sede Apostolica, in andare pablicamente all' udienza della
Santit^ di Nostro Signore Papa Innocenzo Undecirao. Dedicate
air Altezza Serenissima della Duchessa di Modena, da Giovanni
Michele Writ, Maggiordomo del medesinio Signor Ambasciadore.
In Roma nella Stamperia di Doraenico Antonio Ercole. Con
licenza de' Superiori."

CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 149

' Three portraits :

1. Three-quarter portrait, in her peeress's robes to

correspond with her husband's, 49 by 39.

2. A full-length portrait, 96 by 58, light-blue dress.

3. An oval portrait, 28 by 24.

William, third Duke and Marquis of Powis, as a
child ; an oval portrait.

Lord Edward Herbert (second son of the second
Duke and Marquis of Powis), oh. 1734. A miniature.

Lady Mary, Lady Ann, Lady Charlotte, and Lady
Theresa, the four daughters of the second Duke and
Marquis, represented in an allegorical painting on the
ceiling of the library at Powis Castle.

Lady Charlotte Herbert daughter of William,
second Duke and Marquis of Powis, and wife, first, of
Edward Morris, Esq. ; and, second, of Edward Williams,
Esq., of Ystymcolwyn. Three-quarter length, 49 by
39; with a lap-dog.

Edward, first Lord Herbert of Chirbury, K.B.,
oh. 1648.

Four portraits :

1. A full length portrait in the robes of the order

of the Bath, the artist not known; but the
picture is mentioned in his autobiography.
It is engraved in Lodge's Portraits ; also, from
a drawing by Lady Lucy Clive, as the frontis-
piece to Saunders and Otley's edition of Wal-
pole's Life of Lord Herbert, 1826.

2. A small picture by Isaac Oliver, in which Lord

Herbert is represented as reposing on the
ground previously to fighting a duel ; engraved
as a folding-plate to the Strawberry Hill edi-
tion of the life of Lord Herbert, and as a
frontispiece to Ballantyne and John Murray's
Edinburgh edition, 1809.

3. An oval picture, 28 by 24.

4. A head, surrounded by clouds, 29 by 24.
Richard, second Lord Herbert of Chirbury, oh,

1655. 29 by 24. Black lace collar

150 PORTRAITS

Edward, third Lord Herbert of Chirbury, oK
1678. Gust. Rot. of Montgomeryshire.

Henry, fourth Lord Herbert of Chirbury, oh. 1691.
Gust. Eot. of Montgomeryshire. 29 by 24. Eed hair,
and in armour.

Lady Catherine Newport, daughter of Francis
Newport, Earl of Bradford, and wife of Henry, fourth
Lord Herbert of Ghirbury. Three-quarter length, 43
by 34.

Sir Henry Herbert, Knight, sixth brother of
Edward, first Lord Herbert of Ghirbury, and father of
Henry, first Lord Herbert of Ghirbury of the second
creation ; Master of the Eevels ; o6. 1661. Painted by
Dobson, 1639.

Francis Herbert, Esq. of Dolgeiog and Oakly
Park, oh. 1718-19, father of Henry Arthur, Earl of
Powis. 29 by 24. Head ; slashed sleeves.

Henry Arthur, Earl of Powis, oh. 1772. Lord
Lieutenant and Gust. E-ot. of Montgomeryshire. Head,
29 by 24^. Red dress.

His wife Barbara, Gountess of Powis, daughter of
Lord Edward Herbert. 29 by 24. Head ; in grey
dress.

Richard Herbert, Esq., brother of Henry Arthur,
Earl of Powis. 23 by 17. Gray on; light red dress
and white powdered wig.

George Edward Henry Arthur, Earl of Powis,
Lord Lieut, and Gust. Rot. of Montgomeryshire, oh,
1801.

Four portraits :

1. A square picture, 29 by 24 (with internal oval).

by Hoppner ; chocolate dress.

2. A three-quarter length, 53 by 38, in a green

suit.

3. An unfinished three-quarter length, 48 by 38,

in his peer s robes.

4. A crayon head; as a young man.

. His sister, Lady Henrietta Antonia Herbert, wife

CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 151

of Edward, Lord Clive, created Earl of Powls 1804.
A crayon head as a girl holding a wreath.

EoBERT, FIRST LoRD Clive, K.B. A Small miniature,
in a brooch.

Lady Lucy Graham, wife of Edward Herbert, Earl
ofPowis, KG.

Two portraits :

1. Three-quarter length, 50 by 39, by Sir Francis

Grant, P.R.A. Lilac dress.

2. A three-quarter length, 49 by 37, by Say.

White dress, holding a crayon pencil.
Edward James, Earl of Powis, half-length, 29^ by
241 by Sir Francis Grant, P.P. A. Painted 1843.

Thomas Pair, usually called Old Parr, born in 1483
at a short distance from the boundary of Montgomery-
shire and Shropshire, and at the foot of the Breidden
Hills. He died in 1635 when nearly 153 years of age
(see Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 276). Portrait, size 41 by
32 ; in brown dress, with staff in hand.

AT WALCOT.

Henry Arthur, Earl of Powis, Lord Lieutenant
and Cus. Pot. of Montgomeryshire, oh. 1772. Three-
quarter length, 54 by 43, in peer's robes, with drab
dress suit.

EoBERT, FIRST LoRD Clive, K.B., oh. 1774.

Three portraits :

1. Full length, by Dance, 94 by 58. Red uniform,

with top boots.

2. Three-quarter length, 49 by 39, by Dance. Bed

uniform. This has been engraved.

3. Full length, 93 by 57, by Charles Clive. In

peers robes.

His wife, Margaret Maskeleyne. Three-quarter
length, 49 by 39 ; in a yellow dress.

Edward, second Lord Clive, created Earl of Powis
1804, oh. 1839. Full length, 49 by 39, when five
years old, by Gainsborough ; blue dress.

152 PORTRAITS

His wife, Lady Henrietta Antonia Herbert, oh.
1830, daughter of Henry Arthur, Earl of Powis, and
sister and heir of George Edward Henry Arthur, Earl
of Powis. Three-quarter length, 55 by 44 ; in light
yellow dress, with hat. By Sir Joshua Reynolds,
P.E.A. This has been engraved without the hat.

Edward Herbert, Earl of Powis, K.G., Lord Lieu-
tenant and Gust. Rot. of Montgomeryshire. Three-
quarter length, 49 by 39, by Sir Francis Grant, P.E.A.,
with the following inscription : —

" To the Right Hon'^^® Lucy, Countess of Powis, this Portrait of
her most Esteemed Lord is presented by His Lordship's Friends
and Supporters at Ludlow, in grateful commemoration of his faith-
ful services during thirty years as their Representative in the Com-
mons House of Parhament."

Major-Gen. the Right Hon. Sir Percy Herbert,
K.C.B., presented by friends and neighbours after the
Crimean war, 55 by 43, by Sir Francis Grant, P.E-. A.,
with the following inscription : —

" Colonel Hon^'« Percy Egerton Herbert, MP.
Presented to Lucy, Countess of Powis, by the Walcot and Bishops
Castle tenants and neighbours as a token of their approval of Col-
onel Herbert's services with the Army in the Crimea, mdocclvii."

AT OAKLY PARK.

Egbert, first Lord Clive, K.B. Three-quarter
length, by Dance (same as that at Walcot).

AT STYCHE.

Egbert, first Lord Clive, K.B. Three-quarter
length, copied by Gainsborough from the portrait by
Dance.

AT BLYMHILL RECTORY, SHIFFNAL.

The Venerable William Clive, M.A., Archdeacon of
Montgomery and Yicar of Welshpool, son of William
Clive of Styche brother of Eobert, Lord Clive. Three-
quarter length, 51 by 40, by S. Laurence. Presented
to him on the 24th of February, 1853, by the clergy
and others.

CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 153

AT MISS GRIFFITHES' HOUSE, SEVERN STREET, WELSHPOOL.

Portrait of Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, fifth baronet,
in the nniform of the Royal Denbigh Rifles. A copy
byPickersgill of Jackson's picture (afterwards engraved),
which was burnt in the fire at Wynnstay, 1858.

Right Hon. Charles Watkin Williams Wynn, M.R,
in the uniform of the Montgomeryshire Yeomanry Cav-
alry, which regiment he raised and commanded from
1803 to 1844. By Sir M. A. Shee, Bart., P.R.A.

Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, M.P., present (sixth)
baronet. Painted by Pickersgill, R.A., in 1842. In
uniform of the First Life Guards.

Corrections — Wynn Portraits. Mojitgomerij shire Collections, vol.
V, p. 149, line 21, for " Copley," read " Hoppner" ; line 23, same
correction.

AT BROGYNTYN.

Lewis Anwyl of Park and Cemmes, half length, in
library, oh. circa 1640.

Sir Robert Owen of Porkington, etc., etc., M.P. for
Merioneth, afterwards for Carnarvon, oh, 1696. A
large picture by Kneller, in library.

John Owen, Esq., of Penrhos, county of Montgomery,
in gallery.

Sydney, Earl of Godolphin, Lord High Treasurer of
England.

Francis Owen, M.P. for Helston, died young ; had
he lived, was to have been heir to his uncle, Francis,
last Lord Godolphin, of Helston. He was second son of
William Owen of Porkington, Esq., who died 1766, by
Mary Godolphin, his wife. In the gallery.

Mary Jane, wife of William Ormsby Gore, Esq., M.P.,
heiress of Porkington, Penrhos, etc., etc. A large pic-
ture in breakfast-room.

Another picture of ditto in chalk, by Sir Thomas
Lawrence.

William Ormsby Gore, Esq., M.P. A large picture,
by Phillips, in dining-room.

Robert Godolphin Owen, of Porkington, Esq.

154 PORTRAITS, ETC.

. Margaret, wife of Owen Ormsby, Esq., heiress of
Porkington, etc. In chalk, by Sir Thos. Lawrence.

Owen Ormsby of Porkington, Esq., and of Willow-
brook, county of Sligo. In gallery.

Sir John Owen of Clenenney, county of Carnarvon,
Knight, the Eoyalist leader. In Mr. Gore's study. He
was connected with Montgomeryshire only as a Colonel
in the Eoyalist army in Wales.

AT PENIARTH.

A beautifully executed contemporary miniature wax
bust, coloured, of Lewis Anwyl of Park and Cemmes,
Esq., eldest brother of Katherine, wife of William
Wynne of Glyn, county of Merioneth, Esq. It is in a
morocco case, glazed. He died in 1640.

(To he continued.)

155

A PAEOCHIAL ACCOUNT OF LLANIDLOES.^

By EDWARD HAMER.

Chapter IV. — Aech^ological {continued).

Continuation of Earthworks. — Pen-y-Castell, No. 2.

The view from it embraces the beautiful vale of Tref-
eglwys and the works on Penclun and Pen-y-castell
(No. 1).

Although not of the usually accepted orthodox rect-
angular form, several reasons lead the writer to con-
jecture that this is a Roman work. The site, on a
moderate eminence, sufficiently elevated to protect it
against being surprised, together with its proximity
to the brook, is just the kind likely to be selected by a
Homan engineer, while its inconsiderable height as
compared with the Van (which is 1,576 feet high) in
its immediate vicinity, would lead the Britons to reject
it. From its construction its occupants evidently ex-
pected to be attacked from the direction of the moun-
tain and high grounds, whither the Britons were likely
to retreat, and who could hardly be expected to have
a post of these dimensions in the immediate neighbour-
hood of their camp on Penclun. The regularity of the
design and structure, the similarity of its form to other
well-ascertained Roman pentagonal camps, the identity
of its name with what appears to be an undoubted
Roman post near Llyn Ebyr ; and lastly, it seeming to be
the last westward link in the chain of strongholds con-
nected with Cefn Carnedd, are all reasons which tend to
prove its Roman origin. Further proof is afforded in
the following extract from Godwin's English Archceo-

^ Continued from vol. v, p. 48.

156 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

legist's Handbook, p. 23 : — " The two former {the Castra
exploratoria and cestiva) were constructed with more or
less care, according to the strength of the enemy or the
remoteness of the new camp from the general base of
operations ; and they assumed great irregularities of
form as induced by the necessity of circumstances or
the nature of the ground. They were generally built
on heights, and ' have left their traces, and frequently
their generic name Castra (Anglice ' Castle,') [and it
may be added Welsh Castell\ on many of our principal
hills. "^ The camp commands an excellent view of the
Van mine and railway.

THE ANCIENT SPUR FOUND AT THE VAN MINE.

This relic was exhibited by the Marchioness of Lon-
donderry (then Countess Vane) at our annual meeting
on the 3rd October, 1871 (see Mont, Coll., vol. iv, p.
xxxviii), and it was considered desirable that it should
be submitted to the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Accordingly, on 25th January, 1872, it was, with the
consent of the owner, exhibited at the meeting of that
society. The proceedings, which have only recently
(January, 1873) been issued, give the following short
notice of it : — The Secretary of the Powys-land Club
" exhibited a small spur of brass, or a similar mixed
metal, found recently in the great Van mine in Mont-
gomeryshire. The arms of the spur were short, each
about two inches long, and appear never to have been
furnished with buckles. A slit for* a small rowel,
which, however, had been lost, terminated the nearly
straight neck, about one inch long. The spur probably
belonged to the early part of the sixteenth century,
■while back plates for the leg still remained in use, to
which the spur was rivetted. There are several ex-
amples of this spur in the Meyrick Collection of
Armour." {Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries,
vol. V, p. 235.)

^ A tenement called Pen-y-castell existed near the earthwork in
the year 1627, but it has disappeared since that date, or its name
has become changed.

o §

o K

OF LLANIDLOES. 157

While digging for the purpose of forming a water-
course on the floor of the mine some six or seven years
ago, the excavators, at a depth of about nine or ten
feet, came upon a deposit of ashes and bones, the latter
supposed to be human.

Pen-y-clun Camp. — The British post alluded to in
the account of the preceding earthwork is situated
rather more than a mile to the westward, accommodat-
ing its form to the crest of a high isolated hill above
Pen-dun farm. It is situated nearly three miles to
the north-west of Llanidloes, on the right-hand side of
the old mountain road leading to Machynlleth. The
precipitous nature of the ground thoroughly protects
the camp upon its northern and eastern sides, and that
portion of the hill which faces the vale of Ceryst con-
sists of a number of natural platforms, ranging one
above the other, and admirably adapted for the pur-
poses of defence ; yet, to make this part of the hill
secure, a circular line of works, consisting of an agger
one hundred and forty yards in length, stretching from
one slope of the crest to the other, has been constructed.
Eighty yards to the north-west of this line another
stronger rampart and fosse, almost in the form of a
horse-shoe, forms the inner enclosure of the camp. The
space thus enclosed is nearly level, sloping slightly to
the west. On the latter side the hill slopes very gra-
dually in the direction of the old mountain trackway,
and therefore required extra works to guard against
approach ; accordingly, at a distance of forty yards from
the last-mentioned line, is a similar strong agger and
deep fosse, extending from the vicinity of the old road
in a semicircular sweep across the hill to a point where
the nature of the ground needs no artificial assistance
to render the approach inaccessible. The entrance to
the camp is on the western side, and is strongly pro-
tected. A good view of the work may be obtained from
the old road at a short distance in its rear. The site
commands a clear view of the upper vale of the Ceryst
and the Trefeglwys valley as far as Caersws ; to the

158 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

right the town of Llanidloes may be seen nestling in a
hollow, the view being bounded by the Rhydd Hywel
and the Kerry hills ; looking to the rear may be seen the
work above Crywlwm and Plinlimmon in the distance.
Pen-y-castell, numbers 2 and 1, may be seen in front,
and the entrenched hill of the Yoel in the parish of
Llandinam to the right, so that its situation admirably
adapts it for a camp of observation, while its size would
lead us to think it was not intended for a lengthy occu-
pation. When an inroad occurred, the Hocks, herds,
and non-combatants doubtless found a refuge in the
large camp on the Dinas, situated about two miles to
the north-east, just within the limits of the parish of
Trefeglwys.

Pen-y-gaer. — On the summit of a high hill, called
Pen-y-gaer, situated behind the farmstead of Crywlwm,
rather more than a mile to the south-west of Penclun,
is an elliptical rampart of loose stones, connected by
local tradition with the Druids. This wall or rampart
is in some places several yards broad, and from two to
three feet high. This height, and originally it could
not have been many inches higher, could not be of
much service for military purposes, unless perhaps it
formed one of the outlying look-out stations connected
with the Dinas. The enclosed space measures seventy-
five yards in its longer diameter, and fifty-five in its
shorter. An inner circle is said to have formerly
existed, but no traces of it are now to be seen. The
pick and spade, if judiciously employed, would per-
haps throw a stream of light upon the age and pur-
pose of the work. Immense quantities of the stones
have been and are still occasionally removed for the
construction of "dry walls," which form the fences of
these exposed hill tops. Stones are plentiful in the
neighbourhood, so that there is no necessity for this
wanton destruction of these hoary memorials of the
past. The land upon which it is situated belongs to
Miss Mytton.

In a plantation on the adjoining farm of Bryntail

OF LLANIDLOES. 159

are large masses of detached rocks, which lie in such
fantastic forms that it is not surprising to find a tra-
dition current among the country people of the vicinity
ascribing their connection with Druid ical rites.

Querns. — When the malthouse situated at the bot-
tom of Long Bridge Street was converted into a factory,
a quern or haiidmill was found on the premises. The
writer, however, has failed to discover what became of
it. The whole of the block of buildings of which the
malthouse formed a part belonged to the Berthlloyd
estate. The stones of two separate querns were to be
seen a short time ago in the garden belonging to the
Green ; but very little attention was paid to them.^

Coins. — No Roman coins are known to have been
discovered within the limits of the parish. Several
silver pennies of Edward I have been found, and groats
and half-groats of some of his immediate successors.

On the site of the old foundry in Short Bridge
Street gold coins have, for several years, at different
periods, been discovered here when the soil was turned
over. They were rose nobles of the reign of Edward
III. When a lad, the writer remembers seeing six of
them in a small box in the possession of a person who
purchased them for their value as old gold. Some
years later, when he wanted to purchase one of them, he
was informed that they had been sold to a Birmingham
firm. The rose noble was of the value of 6s. 8d., and
perhaps the most beautiful coin issued from the Eng-
lish Mint. It has thus been described : — " The obverse
has the king, armed and crowned, standing in a ship,
with St. George's cross at the mast-head, having a
sword in his right hand and his left bearing a
shield with the English lions passant, and the French
lilies quarterly. Legend, ' Edward Dei grat. Eex
Angl. et Franc. D. Hyb.' Eeverse — eight arches in
the trefoils with a cross fleure in the centre, with

^ They are doubtless in the garden at present, being the property
of the trustees of the Green estate, who would, perhaps, consent to
their removal to the Club Museum.

160 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

crowns and lions and lilies alternately. Legend, *Ihs
autem tran^iens p. medium illarum iba.* In the centre
a four-leaved rose enclosing the letter E. The ship is
supposed to be commemorative of a great victory gained
over the French off Sluys in 1340."

Several coins have at various times been found by
the sexton while digging graves in the old churchyard,
some of them dating from the reign of Edward I. A
small silver coin of the time of Elizabeth and a half-
crown of the time of James II, have also been picked up.

The late Mr. Owen Da vies (see " Biographical Sec-
tion of Parochial Account of Llangurig'y possessed a
large number of gold and silver coins which had been
sold to him by people ignorant of their true value.
Among them were several rose nobles, silver coins of
the later Plan ta genets, and some rectangular coins
said to be the production of the Mint established by
Charles I at Aberystwith. This collection is supposed
to have found its way to the melting-pot, or into the
hands of one of the jewellers of the large towns.

The following is an engraving of an old trade-token,
struck by one of the tradesmen, Jenkin Thomas, in the

early part of the reign of Charles II. Another trade
token, of the value of one penny, was struck by Mr.
Cole of Glanclywedog in the early part of the present
century.

Chapter Y. — Ecclesiastical.

1. Patron Saint — It appears from the genealogies of
the British Saints, printed in the MyvyrianArchaiology,

^ Mont Coll., vol. iii, p. 248.

N° I

N° 2

\x^n\j\m^. (y\{:\

r' ,

/7/r

tctt^U

N? 3

_ y

S )

- C<j:^

-r..

iiiirilTIOni. C[-

^ CflLE . Of u_4..^^ \ \ \.

A.Mai^gO];(late Ma.-liii-f i C?)

N9 4

fj/i m.ihfjM j^fuu ^

i.W3c^^(ic(latt"llii.-iiir» & C?)

NO 5

IjIflJA.^CIJjiU}.

H° 6

1 \ 1 >^ET^

>^EjcvrB;$' OF. f^tbP

OlMD, ^

l/ly^

3t]fi(-IL Jf MF^t npO^ 'f/f IMCH -[1)1

lUL!)IN®S.1m]» 1 HO].

A Mar<ij«^M ] au Huliirp t C? 1

N«? 7

^ll\lf\^lQ^\. 6^. ^u\. ^\m\m

NO 8

aflrtji)iLH^',(^

■\4ri\lt SrillJ)«$:.^i|lWiM@ mffEi\lNCMK.^H^M

i.lfjiiiffiat;:.rt Vb.-3-jre i C'l

OF LLANIDLOES. 161

(Gee's reprint, p. 42G), tiiat three different manu-
scripts agree in describing the patron saint of Llanid-
loes as the son of G wyddnabi ab Llawfrodedd. One of
the MSS. distinguishes Llawfrodedd by the appellation
" Farfog coch '' (red-bearded), while another styles him
" farchog coch," the red knight or horseman. Nothing
appears to be known of our saint's father beyond his
name ; but the Triads, whatever their historical value
may be, have preserved some facts connected with the
life of the grandparent, which we will briefly notice. He
was a distinguished chieftain who lived in the early part
of the sixth century, having for his contemporaries the
Arthurian heroes and poets. In the 85th triad of the
third series {My v. Arch., p. 408) he is ranked among
the three " Buelydd Gosgordd ynys Prydain," or tribe
herdsmen of the Isle of Britain,, being responsible for
the cattle of Nudd Hael, the son of Senyllt, in whose
herds there were 21,000 milch cows; and from the
11th triad of the series, entitled Trioedd y Meirch
(Myv. Arch., p. 394), we learn that he was owner of
one of the three principal cows of the Isle of Britain,
which was named Cornillo or Carnillo. The chieftain's
knife was one of the thirteen royal curiosities of the
Isle of Britain, and was possessed of marvellous pro-
perties, for it would serve four-and-twenty men at once.
{Eminent Welshmen, Art. " Llawfrodedd "). Such are
some of the glimpses w^hich the Triads afford us of the
position and calling of this old worthy. Dr. 0. Pughe,
in his Cambrian Biography, erroneously identified him
with Llawgad Trwm Bargod, the assassin of the pro-
mising young chieftain Avaon, the son of Taliesin ;
but Mr. Williams, in his Eminent Welshmen, correctly
treats them as two different persons. Another Llaw-
frodedd appears in the pedigree of Hedd Molwynog,
founder of one of the fifteen tribes of North Wales ;
he was fourth in descent from Rodri Mawr, whose death
occurred about the year 877.

Little or nothing is known regarding the life of
Idloes himself, more than that he was famed for his

VOL. VI. M

162 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

piety, and tliat he founded the church which still pre-
serves his name. It is highly probable that, in his
youth, he received an education and training suitable
to his position, and that, later in life, in accordance
with the custom of the age in which he lived, he betook
himself to one of the religious houses of North Wales
— the Universities of those days — to qualify himself
for the labours with which his riper age was identified.
Llanbadarn and Bangor were at this time famed seats
of learning. After the defeat of Brochwel Ysgythrog
in the first decade of the seventh century, the estab-
lishment at Bangor Iscoed was broken up, and the
clergy became dispersed over the country. It was
about this time that districts or parishes were set
apart for the maintenance of a priest ; for early in the
seventh century, according to Rowlands (Mona An-
tiqua, p. 152, 1st ed.), no less than 300 were formed
in North Wales. To this period the missionary portion
of our saint's life belongs,^ and he was doubtless one of
the clergy dispersed over the Principality, more espe-
cially the northern part, about the years 607-610 a.d.
That he obtained a widespread reputation for piety
and meekness of character we know from the testi-
mony of one of the anonymous authors of those old
triplet stanzas styled Englynion Clywed, which had
become " household words " among the ancient and
mediaeval Welsh.

'^ A glyweisti a gant Idloes
Gwr guar hygar j einyoes
Goreu Kynnyd Kadu moes."^
[Hast thou heard how Idloes sang,
A man of meekness, amiable in his life.
The best quality is a good deportment.]^

A slightly different version is given in the lolo MSS.,
in the collection of stanzas entitled Chwedlaur Doe-

* Professor Rees {Welsh Saints, p. 298) states that he flourished
between the years 600 and 634 a.d.
2 Myv. Arch. (Gee's reprint, p. 197).
2 Owen's Gambrian Biography, p. 194.

OF LLANIDLOES. 163

thion (the Sayings of the Wise), at p. 251, taken from
the book of Tre Bryn ; it runs as follows :—
'' A gly waist ti cliwedl hen idloes
Gwr gwar hygar ei Einioes
Gorea cynneddf yw cadw moes/'

[Hast thou heard the saying of old Idloes^
A mild man of respected life.
The best quality is that of maintaining morals.]

IoloM8S.,^.e>h\.
Lewis Glyn Cothi (Works, p. 332), in describing
the good qualities of his patron, Dafydd Amhredydd,
speaks of him as

" Oediawg o varchawg da ei voes ydoedd
Mai Sadwrn neu Idloes."

2. The Church is situated in the north part of the
town, upon a site which overlooks the junction of
the rivers Severn and Clywedog. Apart from its name,
there exists at present, as far as we are aware, neither
record nor relic to connect it with its founder, though
there is much to indicate the changes it has undergone
since the time that the humble wooden building, with
its straw thatch, sheltered the primitive congregation
assembled to hear the venerable Idloes. The tower,
some of the windows, and the rafters and beams of the
north aisle, are generally believed to have formed part
of the chm-ch as it existed prior to the Eeformation.
It appears to have undergone considerable repairs in
the reign of Queen Anne, and again a century later,
when the south and east walls were taken down and
rebuilt. In the year 1816 the church was re-seated at
a cost of £1,600. About this time several old valuable
relics disappeared. The factotum who carried out the Rev.
J. Davies' notions of church restoration was an ignorant
old mason, who blindly followed the direction of his
employer, who was wont to excuse his Vandalism on
the plea of making the church more comfortable. To
this period we owe the brown wash smearing which so
disfigures the piers of the arches, and which obliterated
the wall-paintings in the north aisle. The rev. gentle-

M 2

164 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

man more than once expressed his intention to have
the beautiful roof ceiled " to make the church
warmer." The alterations carried out during the in-
cumbency of Mr. Pugh, which will be alluded to in a
subsequent paragraph, were happily more enlightened.

Situated in an obscure part of the town, with a rude,
ill-proportioned, and unattractive exterior, constructed*
of the stone of the neighbourhood, the church is not
likely to claim the attention of an ordinary observer,
nor to lead him for a moment to think that such a
rough shell contains such a fine roof, and such excel-
lent specimens of early English piers and arches. At
present it consists of a south porch, a nave, and a north
aisle, together with a massive tower at the west end.

It has two entrances, both situated on the south
side;^ the principal one is that through the porch, the
other by means of a small door near the east end of the
building. The porch is of considerable size, measuring
internally about 10 feet 4 inches by 10 feet 4 inches.
It contains in its east wall, at a convenient distance
from the ground, the remains of a stoup which was
used before the Eeformation as a receptacle for the
holy water to be used before the threshold of the church
was crossed.

The nave measures internally about seventy-eight feet
by twenty-seven feet, and is separated from the north
aisle by five pointed arches of sandstone supported
by piers, having columnar facings of small shafts, and
capitals ornamented with palm leaves and other designs.
The piers incline to the form of a lozenge in their section,
being 4 feet 6 inches from corner to corner diagonally,
while the length of the sides is 3 feet 10 inches. Each
pier has a facing of a cluster of three three-quarter
shafts at each corner, and a similar cluster of like shafts
on each of the four sides, forming altogether a pier of
great elegance and beauty, being faced by eight clus-
ters of shafts, or ornamented by twenty-four shafts in

1 The writer has made considerable use of the paper on Abbey
Cwm-hir written by the late Mr. Rees of Cascob, in portions of this
chapter.

OF LLANIDLOES. 165

all. Each of the three-quarter shafts is 4f inches in
diameter, and the space between each cluster on the
pier is six inches. The height of the piers to the top
of the capitals on the cluster of shafts is 10 feet, and
from the ground to the top of the arches 18| feet. The
arches are but slightly pointed, and are each of them
ornamented on the south side with six round rib
mouldings, filleted alternately, the ends of which are
on the capitals of the clustered shafts of the piers, two
on each cluster. The distance or open space between
the piers is 12 feet 9 inches, except between the two
most western, where it is only 8 feet 9 inches; this dif-
ference will be accounted for in a subsequent paragraph.
A filthy brown lime- wash, coarsely laid on, conceals the
beautiful workmanship of the capitals. In these days
of church restoration it is greatly to be regretted that
the churchwardens are not in a position to have them
scraped and cleaned, and to have the roof thoroughly
repaired.

Whether the present ground-plan of the church is
identical with the original one cannot now, perhaps,
be positively determined ; the writer, however, is of
opinion that the present north aisle (which measures
internally 75 feet by 18 feet) was enlarged about the
time of the introduction of the arches, etc., into the
church, and that the old timber work of the nave
was used in constructing the roof of the aisle. There
exist ample traces of this timber having been used pre-
vious to its being placed in its present position.

Perhaps the greatest attraction of the church is its
magnificent roof erected over the nave. It is an open
wooden roof, highly pitched, the principal rafters being
footed upon hammer beams resting upon the walls,
which have two sets of wall-plates, one upon the in-
ternal the other upon the external face of the wall. The
hammer beams are further supported by spandrel pieces
resting upon corbels fixed in the walls about four feet
below the hammer beams. The principal rafters have
wind beams and richly moulded circular ribs passing
under them, which impart to the roof a vaulted appear-

166 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

ance. The purlins which support the common rafters
are framed into the principals, and the common rafters
are tenoned into the purlins, which are richly moulded,
as are also the muUions, which are of equal size with
them, dividing the roof into a number of compart-
ments, which are pannelled with oak.

The ends of the hammer beams are ornamented with
exquisitely-carved figures in wood, which evince genius
of no common order on the part of the artist. Several
of these figures are still furnished with wings in a more
or less mutilated condition ; others near the eastern
end of the roof are charged with religious subjects, in-
scriptions, and dates. Originally they were thirty-
four^ in number, but only thirty remain at present, the
two western figures upon each side of the roof having
been removed. Commencing at the east end, on the
north side of the nave, the first figure is that of a
female, evidently intended for the Virgin ; she has a
scroll in her hand, which extends to her feet, where it
terminates in a roll bearing the date 1 700.^ Upon the
scroll is inscribed the sentence, " Glory to God on high."
This figure is of far inferior workmanship to the rest.
The second figure is charged with the sacred mono-
gram I.H.S. ; the third with what appears to be a ham-
mer and spear crossing each other, with a crown of
thorns encircling them at the point of intersection.
Underneath this figure, just above the corbel support-
ing the spandrel, is a carving representing a bird of

1 When we take into consideration the fact that, in the early part
of the present century, the children who attended the church school
were in the habit of bird-nesting, and playing hide and seek along
the wall on which the hammer beams rest, we are only surprised to
find that the destruction was not much greater. That little quaint old
being, Mr. Lowe, who was for many years parish sexton, would
sometimes relate, in his emphatic manner, to the lads assembled
round the church stove, that one of the displaced images was that of
no less a personage than his Satanic Majesty, whose presence the
young school Vandals would not tolerate.

2 From this date and that of the royal arms (1702), placed at
present in the organ loft, it may, perhaps, be inferred, that the
church underwent some repairs in the reign of Queen Anne.

OF LLANIDLOES. 167

prey picking out the eyes of a victim. On the fourth
figure is a representation of a broken or imperfect
column, probably intended to signify death. The fifth
bears the letters ano. Dm, 1542. The first figure on
the south side, commencing at the east, is modern, but
the second is uniform with the rest, and has displayed
upon it a representation of the hands, heart, and feet
of our Saviour, symbols of the five wounds ; the third
bears the cross with two ladders supporting it ; and
the fourth three nails. Originally the charges on these
figures were doubtless intended to keep the leading in-
cidents of our Lord's Passion constantly in mind of the
spectator. The fifth image corresponds with that on
the opposite side of the nave, and bears the legend
ARH 8.33, MF. 2\' the inscriptions on both were inter-
preted by the late Eev. Evan Pughe to signify the " 2nd
day of the month of February, in the 33rd year of the
reign of Henry YIII, and in the year of our Lord 1542.''

Considerable genius and ingenuity have also been
displayed in the execution of a secondary set of figures
which, in some instances, are carved out of the base of
the spandrel, and in other cases attached to it. They
are in the most grotesque and sensational style, each
figure being a separate study. Whether the artist
desires to convey to the observer the ideas of stupidity,
simplicity, delight, agony, etc., etc., he rarely fails to
make himself understood.

Formerly a beautiful, elaborately-traced oak pannel-
ling occupied the space between the wall-plate and the
roof of the nave, but it was in part destroyed by the
schoolboys already alluded to, who had free access to
it from the upper of the two old galleries which
formerly existed at the west end, and which were
pulled down previous to the erection of the present
organ-loft. The pannelhng had totally disappeared
about the year 1816, when the church underwent re-
pairs. Mr. Pughe, shortly after his appointment to
the vicarage, caused the space to be filled up with
lath and plaster, and coloured so as to correspond with
the timber work.

168 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

An exquisitely-carved screen formerly separated the
nave from what might then be denominated the chancel.
Several persons now living remember it well. It was
taken down in 1816, when the church was re-pewed,
and was never replaced. The old railing round the
communion table, the old oak pulpit, and the old
carved seats shared a similar fate.

The fine east-end window (a sketch of which appears
in the view of the interior) is generally believed to
have been brought from Abbey Cwmhir, as it is too
large to have been inserted in the old east-end wall
before it was raised. Early in the present century^ the
south and east walls were taken down and rebuilt,
because they were deemed to be in a dangerous state ;
the windows sufiered by the process ; none of them to
such an extent as that at the east end, which does not
at present occupy the centre of the nave. The present
east window of the north aisle, supposed to have been
originally inserted in the east wall of the nave, is the
only other window which deserves notice.

The font is placed in a recess between the nave and
the north aisle, near the west end of the church. It is
of modern construction, the material used being wood.
The old stone font in use in the early part of the century
was for some reason or other discarded about the time
of reseating the church, and was discovered some years
ago among the rubbish of the belfry. It is of octa-
gonal shape, and is figured on one of the plates. The
hollow basin is large enough for the total im-mersion of
an infant.

The pulpit is of hexagonal form, surmounted by a
canopy, and attached to the centre of the south wall of
the aisle.

Attached to the wall separating the nave from the
chancel, near the communion table, is an old helmet,
once doubtless belonging to a member of the old Berth-

^ A stone placed above the window in the exterior face of the
wall bears the date 1811 — probably the year when the work was
finished.

OF LLANIDLOES. 169

loyd family, whose burial place lies in this part of the
church.

The beautiful decalogue-table placed upon the east
wall, beneath the window, was designed by Mr. Blount
of Shrewsbury, and set up during the incumbency of
Mr. Pughe. The present gallery was built in the year
1846 for the reception of the organ, which was pre-
sented to the church by the late Thomas Evans, Esq.,
of Maenol, and set up by Jackson of Bolton.

Distempered paintings, representing scriptural sub-
jects and texts, formerly ornamented the wall of the
north aisle, but successive coats of limewash have obli-
terated them ; traces of them can, however, be seen
after the prevalence of wet weather for a few days, but
the subjects cannot be made out.

The tower is situated at the west end of the nave, is
of square form, massive, plain in construction, with
strong sloping buttresses, and surmounted by a wooden
belfry. The latter is reached by a spiral stone staircase of
fifty-two steps. The height of the tower itself is about
65 feet. Previous to the year 1824 the belfry contained
only three bells, and one of these, the tenor, had been
wantonly injured by the clerk's son striking it with an
axe. A subscription was set on foot, and £300 was
raised to purchase and set up a new peal of six bells. -^
They were cast by Meares of London, and are much
admired for their sweetness of sound. They bear the
following names : — Eev. John Davies, vicar; Richard

1 The smallest of the three old bells forms part of the present
Trefeglwys peal, the other two were used by the founder in casting
the new peal. The old tenor had a fine tone, and had many ad-
mirers, among whom was an old carpenter named Richard Owen, who
resided near the church. When the new bells were placed in the tower
Owen had become a feeble old man, and was very anxious to hear
his favourite's successor, frequently telling his neighbours *' that his
only wish was to hear one toll from the big bell before he died."
His wish was gratified ; but, on hearing it, he exclaimed at once,
" Ah ! it is not equal to the old one, there's a fizzing about it which
spoils the tone." The " fizzing" which offended the old man gra-
dually wore away as the metal became hardened by the continual
stroke of the tongue.

170 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

Jervis, senior ; Ricliard Ashton, and John Francis,
churchwardens. The names of the gentlemen who
formed the committee for raising the fund ; viz. George
Hears, Esq. ; W. H. Marsh, Esq. ; T. E. Marsh, Esq. ;
Thomas Price, Esq. ; Eichard Jervis, surgeon ; David
Evans, and David Davis Currier, are inscribed on the
third, fourth, and fifth bells. In the ''steeple" may
be seen the remains of the old clock which formerly had
its dial upon the south wall of the tower. A great
boon would be conferred upon the town by repairing
and reinstating it, or by obtaining a new one, for at
present there is no public clock in the town.

The following inscriptions are upon tablets erected
in the church : —

Upon one of the pillars facing the nave is a tablet,

Sacred to the memory of David Lloyd, Gent., of Glandulas,
in this parish, who departed this life, April 23rd, 1811^ aged 68.

Also Jane Lloyd, his daughter, who died February 3rd,
1813, aged 38.

Upon the wall of the north aisle — ■

Sacred to the memory of George Mears^ of Dol-llys, who
died April 11th, 1849, after many years of most patient suffer-
ings j beloved and lamented.

In memory of John Marsh,^ solicitor, of Llanidloes and
Carno, who was born Nov. 27th, 1816, died April 16th, 1862,
and whose mortal remains are deposited in this church.

Also in memory of Thomas Edmund Marsh, son of the above
John Marsh, who died in infancy.

Sacred to the memory of Robert Ingram, died January 6th,
1795, aged 39.

Also of Mary, his wife, who died February 10th, 1820, aged
67 years.

On the chancel wall to the north of the east window:
Sacred to the memory of Charles Cole, who died on the 14th

1 Son to the high sheriff for 1812.

2 Was town clerk of Llanidloes from 1846 to 1852, and from
1858 to 1861.

OF LLANIDLOES. l7l

of May, 1821, aged 61 years. During twenty-four years' resi-
dence in the parish, he uniformly preserved the esteem of his
neighbours; by his active exertions he encouraged and extended
the manufactures of the place ; and by his liberality he pro-
vided employment for the industrious poor, to whom he was a
kind and constant benefactor.^

Also in memory of Alice, relict of the above Charles Cole,
who died the 13th day of May, 1835, aged 71.

Also in memory of Bowen Woosnam,^ solicitor, who died the
3rd of September, 1841, aged 70.

Also in memory of Elizabeth Alicia, daughter of the above
Bowen Woosnam, and wife of the Eev. George Fisher of the
Royal Hospital, Greenwich, who died the 4th of April, 1846,
aged 38. She was buried at Little Bowden, Northampton-
shire, where she died.

The old families of the neighbourhood — the Lloyds
of Berthlloyd, the Glynns of Glyn-Clywedog, the In-
grams of Glyn-Hafren, the Owens of the Garth — v^ere
interred in the church near the east end.

A tourist named Edward Pughe, in a work published
at Ruthin in 1813, in his description of the interior of
the church, mentions a "picture of the Lord's Supper,
which might easily be passed over in silence were it
not stated that it was painted by the poet Dyer while
on a visit to a friend at Newtown. He painted several
pictures, of which this is one. A sign painter of this
town, who died a few years since, suggested to the pa-
rishioners the necessity of retouching it. He was im-
mediately employed, and has not left a trace of Dyer's
painting, with the exception of the ungraceful outline,
which, if at all Dyer's, must have been one of his juven-
ile performances." In reply to an application for in-
formation regarding the fate of this picture, the late
Rev. E. Pughe wrote to say, " I came across the paint-
ing of the Last Supper. I must say that I never saw
anything more droll, disproportionate as to figures, or
more full of burlesque, in my life. I had it washed,

^ See chapter iii (Manafactures) .

2 First mayor of the borough of Llanidloes under the New Muni-
cipal Act in 1886.

172 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

when the colours came a little more to view, and it
looked like one of the resuscitations of Nineveh."

Great diflPerence of opinion has existed, and still exists,
regarding the place whence the arches and roof came ;
indeed, there are those who maintain that they were
originally designed for the church. Few men have
studied the ecclesiastical architecture of the Principality
more attentively and intelligently than the late Revs.
J. Parker and H. L. Jones, or the Venerable Arch-
deacon Basil Jones, and Dr. Freeman, and they may
perhaps be regarded as our leading authorities who
have written upon the subject. At Llanidloes there
exists no doubt whatever that the chief ornaments of
the church were brought from the ruinated Abbey of
Cwm-hir in the time of the eighth Henry ; yet we
learn, from a speech delivered by the Rev. H. L. Jones
before the Cambrian Archaeological Association at*
Welshpool, August 18th, 1856, that Mr. Freeman and
the Rev. W. Basil Jones denied the theory of the
arches being brought from Radnorshire, while the Rev.
John Parker, whose opinion was not of less authority,
believed that they had been removed thence.^ The
writer has never seen any statement of the reasons
which induced such excellent authorities to discredit
the removal of the arches from the abbey. Perhaps if
these gentlemen and those who hold their opinion
were to examine the matter more closely, they would
find strong reasons for modifying their views. Some
of these reasons, which apply more particularly to the
removal of the arches, may be thus briefly stated : —

Perhaps the greatest difiiculty in accepting the
general opinion was the practicability of the removal
of the materials from the site of the abbey, for a dis-
tance of thirteen miles across a wild mountainous
country, at a period when no roads existed, and when
the means of transit were extremely rude ; yet the
stone of which the arches are built is not to be found
in the neighbourhood of Llanidloes, the nearest place
^ Arch. Camhrensis, 1856, p. 348.

OF LLANIDLOES. 173

wliere the same kind of stone exists being more distant
than the abbey, so that even if the pillars were origin-
ally intended for the church, the materials must have
been carried for a greater distance, and probably in an
undressed state, and consequently under more difficult
conditions of transport than if conveyed from the
ruins.

Leland, who received a commission from Henry VIII
" to make search after England's antiquities," visited
Llanidloes between the years 1533 and 1536, and has
left a record of the visit. If the pillars and the roof
had been in their present position at the time he visited
the town they would not have escaped his notice.

That the present roof is not in its original position
may plainly be seen from an examination of the wall
which separates the nave from the tower, distinct
traces of the position of the old roof being yet visible.
Indeed, it was only during the incumbency of Mr.
Pughe that Mr. Eichard Brown, builder, was- employed
to chip off the remains of the drip-stone which origin-
ally protected the old roof A portion of the stone
ledge which runs round the tower is still visible inside the
church, a few feet above the apex of the old roof The
present roof, with its slope much more acute than the
old one, was raised some ten or twelve feet in order
that the arches might be accommodated. Any casual
observer cannot fail to notice the utter want of propor-
tion between the height of the present roof and that
of the belfry, a disproportion which did not exist in
the old roof, which was more in character with the
original design of the building and the surrounding
churches of the district. The roof has been raised as
high as it could be raised without increasing the height
of the tower to correspond with it.

When the site of the ruinated church of Abbey Cwm-
hir was cleared in 1827, it was discovered that the
building had consisted of a nave, with side aisles and a
transept, and that the nave had been separated from
the side aisles by thirteen piers, which, with the abut-

174 A PAKOCHIAL ACCOUNT

ments at the ends, had sustained two sets of fourteen
arches. The bases of the greater number of the piers,
and portions of two or three of the piers themselves to
the height of three or four feet, remained sufficiently
well preserved to show their formation when perfect.
The section in form and dimensions, "the columnar
facings of the piers,'' according to Mr. Kees, " and also
the abutments at the end of the arches, were likewise
similar at each place [Llanidloes and the Abbey] ; also
the capitals on the clusters of three shafts on some of
the piers in the church of Llanidloes, consist of carved
palm leaves similar to those observed on the ornamental
jambs of the principal doorway entrance iuto the abbey
church as aforesaid." Mr. Rees, on comparing the
dimensions with those of similar piers and arches in the
cathedrals of Llandaflf and Wells, infers that the arches
were at least four feet higher in their original position
at Cwm-hir. We have already shown that the roof of
the church at Llanidloes was raised for the better re-
ception of the pillars ; yet, if his inference is correct,
they had to be shortened by four feet to accommodate
them to their new situation, a fact which accounts for
the lowness of the arch. Again, the open space be-
tween the piers on the site of the abbey church was
12 feet 9 inches, the same being between five of the
piers at Llanidloes, an uniform space which it was
found impossible to preserve so as to insert the five
arches in Llanidloes church ; accordingly, the space
between the two western piers had to be made four
feet less to suit the length of the church. If the
pillars and their incumbent arches were originally de-
signed for the church, would not the architect have
contrived that these spaces should have been uniform,
and the true proportion of the pointed arch of that
period better preserved ?

The same want of uniformity of design and evident
adaptation of materials at hand is also visible in the
construction of portions of the roof It will be found
that the corbels which support the spandrels are not

OF LLANIDLOES. 175

uniform, nor that the diversity is regular or according
to any plan ; four-fifths are composed of the large
facing stones of the piers, others consist of portions of
the ornamental capitals, and one is the upper part of a
carved ram s head, which appears to have previously
done duty in another situation. Another instance of
the use to which the spare materials from the piers
and arches were put, may be found in the short pillars
and low semicircular arch at the entrance from the
porch into the church.

The Abbey of Cwm-hir was dissolved in the year
1536, when there were only three monks resident,
and the revenues and possessions passed to the king,
who in 1538 granted them for a term of years to a
gentleman of the name of John Turner, who had pre-
viously been the king's minister m attending to them.
It w^as probably during his tenure of the property that
the removal of the materials to Llanidloes took place.
It has already been noticed that two of the images in
Llanidloes church bear an inscription and date ap-
parently recording an event which took place on the
2nd day of February, in the 33rd year of the reign of
Henry VIII, and in the year of our Lord 1542, a date
which is generally interpreted in the locality to refer
either to the commencement, completion, or some other
prominent event connected with the removal or setting
up of the pillars and arches. The parish w^as intimately
connected with the abbey for a period of about three
centuries ; for Gwenwynwyn, in the early part of the
thirteenth century, made a grant of the farms of
Cwmbiga and Eskermaen, together with the pasturage
of large tracts of lands in Arwystli, to the monks.

In addition to the foregoing reasons may be men-
tioned the tradition prevalent in the neighbourhood,
that the pillars and arches were removed from the
ruinated abbey ; that the timbers of the present roof of
the north aisle have been previously used in another
roof, probably over the nave ; that the kind of stone in
the piers corresponds to the remains of those at the

176 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

abbey ; that practical masons assert that the chisel
work is also of the same kind ; and lastly, that the
present state of the piers and arches is convincing that
they were not originally set np in Llanidloes church.^

Registers. — There are at the vi<}arage 6 volumes of
registers in the custody of the vicar.

The first volume measures 1 6 inches by 7 inches, con-
sisting of leaves of parchment stitched together, but is
imperfect at the beginning and end. It is written
wholly in Latin, and for the most part in a plain, readable
hand, the entries commencing in the year 1614, and
closing in the year 1710. There is a significant omis-
sion of entries in this volume for the years correspond-
ing with the period of Puritan domination in the coun-
try; no christening is entered between the years 1649
and 1660, no marriage between the years 1649 and
1662, and no burial between the years 1648 and 1660.
In all probability the services of the church were im-
perfectly administered or wholly discontinued during
these years.

The second volume contains entries from the year
1711 to the year 1739 inclusive. It measures 15
inches by 8 inches ; is in bad condition, large portions
being carelessly kept, and written in an undecipherable
hand. The earlier entries are in Latin.

The third volume begins with the year 1 740, and closes
with the year 1 762. It is in fair condition, the greater
part of the entries being plain and readable, and are
written wholly in English. It measures 15 inches by
6 J inches.

The fourth volume contains entries from 1763 to
1806. No entries appear to have been made from 1806
to 1813. At the latter date the modern registers
commence.

The Living is a discharged vicarage in the deanery

of Arwystli, archdeaconry of Merioneth, and diocese of

Bangor ; patron, the Bishop of Bangor. The deanery

of Arwystli was, until it was lately added to the

1 Arch. Camb., 1847, p. 20.

OF LLANIDLOES. 177

archdeaconry of Merioneth, exempt from archidiaconal
power.^

Llanidloes is not mentioned in the Taxation of Pope

1 We are favoured by Mr. Martin Underwood (who has illus-
trated the Denbighshire Churches, in conjunction with his late partner
Mr. Lloyd Williams) with the following remarks :— " The two great
features of the church are the grand Early English arcade and the
beautiful roof, both, in my opinion, evidently brought hither from
some old building, and for the following reasons. The arches are
placed irregularly over the columns ; some of the inner mouldings
projecting beyond the face of the shafts, and some within. The
westernmost space between the columns is only 8 feet 4 inches,
whereas the other spaces are 12 feet 8 inches.' The arch was at
one time intended for the larger space, and its readjustment has
been clumsily performed, as shewn by the drawings. The whole of
the walling of the church is very poor, and very late, corresponding
in no particular with the early character of the arcading or roof.
The omission of the mouldings of the arches on the north side,
indicates a want of old materials sufficient to complete the work,
for the shafts and caps are there to receive them. Odd bits of
these piers have been built in the inner doorway of the porch.
The angels on the hammer beams of the roof are later than the roof
itself, as proved conclusively by the fantastic shape of the shields —
they are not scrolls ; this accounts for the late dates which appear on
them. The font is Perpendicular work, only the top remains at pre-
sent, as shewn in one of the plates. A curious stone, circular on plan,
with rough carving round it (also shewn), seems at one time to
have done duty as a temporary font, as the bowl is hollowed, and
a hole sunk through ; this could not have been a portion of the
font, the flowers which surround it being in relief instead of sunk,
proving it later work. The piers are not perfect squares, as will be
seen by the figures ; they measure, including the clustered shafts,
4 feet 7 inches from north to south, and 4 feet 4 inches from east
to west; the responds to east and west correspond with these
dimensions. The responds vary in design from the piers ; instead
of having three clusters of three shafts, they have but one cluster
corresponding with those in piers placed east and west; the re-
mainder of the shafts are single, each single shaft being h\ inches
in diameter instead of 4J. The spaces between the shafts vary, one
space being 4J inches, the other Uf inches. The piers and arches
are glorious examples of early work ; but it is unfortunate that
they are importations. Nevertheless, the shape and arrangement of
the piers, the bold and efiective series of mouldings in the arches,
are gems of incalculable value, although decorating that for which
they were never intended. The roof, too, is out of place, and was
never made to adorn a church of the class of Llanidloes.

VOL. VL N

178 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

Nicholas, 1291, the tithes being probably appropriated
to the parishes of Llandinam and Llangurig ; but we
find in the ^Valor of Henry YIII the following par-
ticulars : —

Vicar de Llan Ydlos,

Yalet clare coibz annis in decimis gran' et feni

xviijs. iiijc2.,llan et agn'xxs. vnj(i.,oblacionibz

et alijs decimi xls. ac ter' glebat, p annu'

iijs. . . . . . . . . iiij7. iijs. — sic.

X'ma inde viij iiij

In 1809 the value of the living was £84, in 1833
£150, at present £247 with house. On reference to
the first chapter of this account it will be seen that of
the sum of £843 125., the value of the tithes of the
parish, the vicar only receives £130.

List of Vicars. — A full and accurate list of the vicars
can now only be compiled after a most laborious search
from documents preserved at Bangor. In the absence
of such a list the following particulars may not be un-
acceptable : —

The Harl. MS., 2291, mentions a " Sir John, vicar
of Llanidloes." He was the son of David ab Rhys,
being thirteenth in descent from Howel ab Jeuaf, the
last lord of Arwystli. If we calculate thirty years as
the duration of a generation, he must have lived about
the middle of the sixteenth century, probably before
William Roberts.

From the return made by Bishop Meyrick in 1561
to the Archbishop of Canterbury, we learn that "Wil-
liam Roberts, Prist," was "Vicar of Llan-ydlos, resident
and kepeth house," in that year.^

From the Wynnstay MSS. (Joseph Morris') we learn
that John Gwynn, M.A., the son of Owen Gwynn, Esq.,
and the brother of Morgan Gwynn, Esq., high sheriff,
was " Parson of Llangurig and Llanidloes." He mar-

' Vol. iv, p. 425.

2 Browne Willis's Bangor, p. 267.

OF LLANIDLOES. 179

ried Margaret, the daughter of Meredydd, the son of
John Pryse of Glanmeheh, in the parish of Kerry.

Several years later the office of vicar was filled by
one John Roberts, a man whose immoral character ap-
pears to have totally unfitted him for the situation.
His malpractices were carried on to such an extent that
Mr. Owen Gwyn, son to the High Sheriff in the year
1582, and brother to the gentleman who served the
office in 1610, embodied the grievances of the pa-
rishioners in a petition to Archbishop Laud, the sub-
stance of which w^e extract from the Calendar of State
Papers '} —

1637, Nov. 10.— 68. Petition of Owen Gwyn to Archbishop
Laud. John Koberts, Vicar of Llanidloes, county of Mont-
gomery, stands guilty of divers misdemeanours of ecclesiastical
cognizance, and amongst others for repelling his parishioners
from the Holy Communion, not using the forms of prayer for
the burial of the dead, profaning the altar by receiving money
thereon, casting the surplice and common book on the church
floor, railing, quarrelling and striking in the church or porch,
breaking down ancient pews and tombstones^, christening
children by other names than their godfathers gave, denying
his own father and turning him forth to seek his lodging, cut-
ting the surplice into pieces and using them for towels, per-
mitting persons with muskets to shoot at pigeons in the
church, and speaking against the declaration for lawful recrea-
tions on Sundays.^ Pray that upon articles and bond a warrant
may be granted for Roberts to appear.

Underneath is written —

Q8 I. Directions to Sir John Lambe to take order for letters
missive on an attachment.

68 II. Note by Sir John Lambe that the articles had often
been demanded, and that they were kept by Mr. Munday till
Mr. Roberts was gone, to the end to fetch him up.

1 Domestic Series, 1837, p. 531, vol. ccclxxi.

2 There is not a tombstone now in the churchyard bearing a date
so early as 1637.

3 An allusion to the republication of James the First's Booh of
Sports, which defined certain amusements as lawful on Sunday.
Ministers might be deprived for reading this book in their churches.
By a proclamation of 1618, dancing, archery, leaping, and May
games might be performed on Sundays after divine service.

N 2

180 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

When we have made due allowance for the fact that
this portrait is painted by no friendly hand, we cannot
come to any other conclusion but that Mr. Roberts was
not suited to discharge the duties of a vicar. The
writer has not been able to discover whether the peti-
tioner succeeded in his design or not.

Isaac Lloyd probably succeeded him in the vicarage.
Attached to the east wall of the church is a small me-
morial tablet with a Latin inscription, of which the fol-
lowing is a copy : —

M. S.

ISAACI LOYD

natu Wrexhamiensis

honesta familia oriundi

viri

pietate et modestia insignis

quia vicessimo primo setatis anno

totam in hac parochia vitam

deinde sacros ordines susceptus

in animarum cura

evigilavit.

Iniquissimus temporibus hugus eccl. reliquias multa fovit

cura, liturgiam Anglican^, publica, perlectione strenue

afferuit, nee ejus ritus & officia etsi ab inimicis

plurimu' vexatus fidelis confessor desuevit.

obijt 20 die Decem^^^ A^ D'" 1708, getat suae 98^°.

foelici vero concionum pioq^ exemplo

mortuus adhuc loquitur.

Sacred to the memory of Isaac Lloyd, a native of Wrexham,
born of an honest family, eminent for his piety and modesty;
who, from the twenty-first year of his age, spent his whole life
in this parish, at first in teaching the young, and afterwards,
having received Holy Orders, watched for the care of souls.
In the most wicked periods of the age he cherished holy
things with much care ; he defended the English liturgy pub-
licly and strenuously, nor did he, as faithful confessor, discon-
tinue her rites and offices, although they were attacked by
many enemies. He died the 20th of December, a.d. 1708, in
the 98th year of his age. He, although dead, yet speaketh,
as a true and pious example of congregations.

From this epitome we learn that Mr. Lloyd was born
in the year 1610 at Wrexham, in Denbighshire, that

OF LLANIDLOES. 181

he removed to Llanidloes in 1631, and for a short time
acted as teacher, and then became vicar of the parish,
probably on the death or removal of John Boberts
about the year 1640. His name does not appear in
Walker s " Sufferings of the Clergy " among the ex-
pelled ministers ; but, from the known influence which
Vavasour Powell obtained in the county, and from the
omission of entries in the parish registers already no-
ticed, it may be inferred that he did not discharge his
duties during the domination of the Puritan party.
Upon the restoration of Charles II the entries in the
registers are resumed in the same handwriting as those
made at the close of the reign of Charles I. He ap-
pears to have fallen in with the views of those in au-
thority, and to have assisted in the persecution of the
poor Quakers, who were struggling to establish them-
selves at Llanidloes. From Besse^ we learn that, in
"Anno 1677, on the 18th day of the month called
July, two priests, viz., Hugh Wilson, priest of Trefeg-
Iwys, and Isaac Lloyd, priest of Llanidloes, gave in-
formation of a meeting at the house of John Jarman,
at Llanidloes, in Montgomeryshire, upon which the
mayor with constables came thither and committed
seven of the assembly to prison, and fined others, who
had their cattle seized for their fines, viz. : —

John Potts, one cow 'and six young beasts worth
Griffith Jarman, five young beasts . . ,,
John Koberts, a cow . . . . „

John Jarman, a cow ....,,

David Owen^ a horse^ . . . . „

As Glyn-Clywedog, the residence of " Justice Glyn,"
is in the parish of Llanidloes, Mr. Lloyd must have
been the " peevish, proud, informing priest " mentioned
by Richard Davies, who instigated that magistrate to

^ History of the Quakers, vol. i, p. 757.

^ For similar instances of the cattle of the Quakers being seized,
see JAfe of Richard Davies, pp. 87-95, the Lloyds of Dolobran being
the principal sufferers.

8. d.

10 0

0 0

10 0

0 0

182 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

seize a number of Quakers at Llanidloes about the
year 1680, and committed them to take their trial at
the Quarter Sessions held at Welshpool.^ He lived to
see the Quakers established and tolerated at Llanidloes,
where they were visited by Richard Davies in the year
1706.^ During the latter part of his ministry (1688-
1699) a lending library, consisting of about 20 volumes,
was founded in connection with the church.

On the death of Mr. Lloyd in 1708, *' David Jones,
curate," appears to have had charge of the parish until
1710, when the signature of "Robert Patrick, vicar,"
appears first in the registers. It appears for the last
time in 1716. In the next year I find that a Eobert
Patrick was appointed rector of Cemmaes, made canon
of St. Asaph in 1718, and schoolmaster of Oswestry.
Robert Jones succeeded Robert Patrick, and his signa-
ture as vicar appears during the years 1717 to 1730
inclusive. From 1730 to 1735 no signatures are given,
but in 1736 that of " David Prichard, curate," appears.
He was married in 1737, and died in the year 1742.

In the year 1747 the signature of " Owen Owen" as
vicar appears ; but during the years 1 748-1 755, a period
which probably marks the duration of Owen's term of
office, no signatures appear.

The signature of Henry Jones, vicar, appears for the
first time in 1756. He was buried at Llanidloes April
18th, 1767.

From 1767 to 1783 " David Jones, curate," appears
to have been in charge of the parish.

No signatures appear during the years 1784 and
1785. In the year 1786 the signature of John Davies
as curate appears for the first time. Mr. Davies was
the eldest son of David and Margaret Davies of
Llanborth,^ in the parish of Penbryn, Cardiganshire,
where he was born 27th November, 1761; he was

^ Life of Bichard Davies, pp. 95-7. ^ Ibid., p. 122.

^ " Llanborth was formerly an ancient mansion belonging to the
family of Rhys ap Rhydderch, Lord of Tywyn." — Lewis, To£, Diet.,
art. Penbryu.

OF LLANIDLOES. 183

educated at Carmarthen, and appointed curate of
Llanidloes when he was about twenty-five years old.
He spent fifty years of his life in the parish. In the
year 1802 his name appears as vicar, and about the
year 1830 he was appointed vicar of the adjoining
parish of Llandinam. The following is a portion of his
evidence before the Commissioners on Municipal Cor-
porations in December, 1833 : —

" I am vicar of Llanidloes. I am 72 years old. I have
been vicar 32 years. I am not a graduate, nor a member of
any university, indeed. I have served the office of mayor_, and
I am one of the aldermen. . . I likewise hold Llandinam. It
is a vicarage, and the adjoining parish. I have had it three
years. . . I reside at Llanidloes. I perform the service twice
on Sunday. There is a morning service, and a sermon every
other Sunday in Welsh.-"

Mr. Hogg, the Commissioner, states that

'' The vicar was unwilling to disclose, or to discourse of the
value of his livings, ^ being afraid, it was hinted, ' lest as a
pluralist his wings should be dipt.-' The vicarage of Llanid-
loes is considered to be worth £150 a-year, beside the house
and garden, arising from tithes and surplice fees ; that of
Llandinam, £200. He must desire to spoil the church in every
sense who can be displeased that one of its ministers, at the
age of seventy years, should add a living of £200 a-year to one
of £150, which he had served diligently for thirty years.'^^

Becoming infirm, and anxious to spend the remainder
of his life in his native parish, he resigned his two
livings in the year 1836. Upon the occasion of his
retirement, his parishioners presented him with pieces
of silver plate of the value of about £180, one of which
pieces bore the following inscription : '' Presented to
the Rev. John Davis, vicar of Llanidloes, Montgomery-
shire, by his parishioners, in token of the high estima-
tion in which they held the character he has acquired
and sustained by his amiable disposition and exemplary
conduct throughout a period of fifty years, during
which he has been ofiiciating minister of the parish of

^ Commissioners* Report— Montgomeryshire, pp. 49, 50.

184 , A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

Llanidloes. October 15tli, 1836." When he left the
town he gave part of the plate to the church for the
communion service.^ He did not long enjoy his retire-
ment, dying at Escaireithin, the residence of his brother,
on the 13th day of June, 1839, in the seventy-ninth
year of his age.

The Rev. Evan Pughe, B.A., Mus. Bac, succeeded
Mr. Davis in 1837. He was born in 1806, educated at
Jesus College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in
1828. In 1829 he was ordained deacon by the Bishop
of Hereford, and priest in 1830 ; was appointed curate of
Chirbury in the former year, and of Beaumaris in the
year 1832. When made vicar of Llanidloes he was also
appointed rural dean of Arwystli. During his thirteen
years' residence at Llanidloes, he proved himself to be a
most eloquent and effective preacher, an active, energetic,
and untiring pastor, who was unceasing in his labours
for the intellectual, moral, and spiritual welfare of his
parishioners. In his time the church was substantially
repaired, the gallery, organ, and decalogue-table added,
the churchyard extended, and an inestimable boon con-
ferred upon the town of Llanidloes by the establishment
of an excellent National school, which, under his super-
vision, ranked among the first in the Principality. On
the death of the Rev. Hugh Price in 1850, Mr. Pughe
was appointed senior vicar of Bangor, and vicar choral
or minor canon of the cathedral. While at Bangor he
displayed the same qualities of energy and industry
which distinguished him at Llanidloes. In 1863, on
the death of the Venerable Archdeacon Jones, he was
collated to the rectory of Llantrisant cum Llechgyn-
farwy and Llanllibio, in Anglesey, and appointed rural
dean of Llifon. He died the 11th of August, 1869,
and was buried in the churchyard of Llechgynfarwy, on
the 1 7th of the same month. As a writer he distin-
guished himself chiefly as the author of a great number

^ The Clip bears the following inscription : " Presented to the
Rev. J. Davies by his parishioners, and given by him to the parish
church of Llanidloes for the communion service, 1st January, 1838."

OF LLANIDLOES. ^ 185

of sermons, whicli he published. He was joint editor
of Bugeil-lyfr Eglwysig and of the Bangor Hymn
Book, and the writer of several articles in Welsh period-
icals and English reviews. He also had a great love
for music, and was the composer of an anthem, " Teach
me, 0 Lord," together with chants and hymn tunes.

The Bev. John Parry Morgan succeeded Mr. Pughe
in 1851. He was educated at St. David's College,
Lampeter, ordained deacon 1832, and priest 1833, and
was successively curate of Caernarvon and of St.
David's, Blaenau Festiniog. He held the vicarage un-
til his death in 1867. He was a good reader and
preacher. His eldest son, the Bev. J. P. Morgan, B.A.,
is the present vicar of Llanasa.

His successor was the Bev. Bobert Harries Jones, the
present vicar. This gentleman was educated at the
University of Gottingen, where he took the degrees of
M. A. and Ph. D., and was ordained deacon by the Bishop
of Chester in 1847 and priest in 1848 by the Bishop of
Man. He held the curacies of Hollinwood 1847-9,
Oldham 1850, Bolton 1852-57, Walmsley 1858-59,
Bury 1860, Pennmon and Llanfaes 1861, and Llanfair-
fechan 1861-67. He is an eloquent reader and preacher,
and has distinguished himself as the author of several
philological and poetical productions. Among the latter
may be mentioned translations from the Bussian poets.
He was editor of Y Cymro from. 1851 to 1853, and con-
tributed a paper on Lly warch Hen to the pages of the
Montgomeryshire Collections. During his incumbency
the present vicarage was built. The writer is greatly
indebted to this gentleman for his kindness in granting
him free access to all books, documents, etc., which would
be of service in the present compilation, and for his valua-
ble suggestions and advice whenever he was appealed to.

Parish Clerks. — An entry in one of the registers
states that Evan Griffith, clerk and sergeant of Llanid-
loes, was buried August 4th, 1707. Another Evan
Griffith is mentioned as clerk in the year 1710. He died
May the 5th, 1 739, aged fifty-four years. A third Evan

186 . A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

Griffitli is mentioned as parish clerk in 1756. He re-
tained the office up to his death, May 15th, 1791. In
his old age he became very weak and infirm, and
managed with great difficulty to walk to the church.
Often his exertions would raise a laugh among some of
the thoughtless lads who watched his progress ; an-
noyed by their conduct, the old man would turn round
savagely, and in strong terms inform them in Welsh
that he would live long enough to trample them under
his feet, alluding to his performing his part of the
burial service over them and then walking over their
graves. Mr. Davies, the vicar, used to relate that,
shortly after his arrival in the parish, he remarked to
the old clerk in Welsh that his parishioners were very
ungodly, when the latter replied, " Never mind them,
Mr. Davies, let them go to the devil so long as you
and I are godly."

Robert Davies was made parish clerk July 19th,
1791, in the sixty-seventh year of his age. He had
previously been appointed clerk to the justices in 1750,
to the militia for the hundred of Llanidloes in 1760,
and was also clerk of the works during the construction
of the present road from Llanidloes to Machynlleth.
He died in the year 1800. Richard Lewis^ was ap-
pointed his successor February 5th, 1800 ; Edward
Benbow appointed in 1846 ; succeeded by Josiah Elias,
appointed in 1850 ; succeeded by Eichard Ashton, ap-
pointed in 1856 ; succeeded by WiUiam Davies (pre-
sent clerk), appointed in 1861.

A List of Churchwardens for the parish of Llanid-
loes, extracted from the parish registers and other
sources.

1702. Pryce Clun (armiger), Eichard Owen (gent.), Evan

Davies.

1703. The same.

1704. Thomas Clun (gent.), Robert Ingram (gent.), John

Evans (yeoman).

^ He died 28th May, 1840, aged eighty years, having held office
upwards of forty years.

OF LLANIDLOES. , 187

1705. The same.

1706. Daniel Owen, Philip Swancott, Eobert Evans.

1707. Eichard Jerman (Bryntail), Evan Jenkins (Treflyn),

Morgan Evans (Llanidloes).

1708. Morgan Eichard (Ystradynod), Evan Jenkins (Treflyn),

John Evans (Llanidloes).
1709 and 1710. No signatures.^

1711. Morgan Lloyd, Meredith Thomas, Edward Morgan.

1712. No signatures.

1713. John Eogers, Edward Woolly, John Evans.

1714. John Mason (of the town), Daniel Jerman (Brithdir),

Evan Morgan (Cefn Penarth).

1715. David Ingram, Thomas Cleaton, Matthew Nicholas.

1716. Francis Herbert, Charles Benbow, Thomas Evans.

1717. Thomas Clun, Eobert Ingram, Thomas Pugh.

] 718. Pryce Clun, Esq., Eichard Owen, Esq., Eichard Jenkins.

1719. No signatures.

] 720. Eoger Thomas, Thomas Davies, Eichard Owen.

1721. Ludovick Jones, Francis Woosnam, Evan Evans.

1722-26. No signatures.

1727. Daniel Jerman, Humphrey Eichards.

] 728-9. No signatures.

1730. Thomas Clun, Wythen Jones, Jacob Evans.

1731-5. No signatures.

] 736. John Clun, Eichard Owen, Moses Howell.

1737-1746. No signatures.

1747. David G. Jerman, Hugh Arthur, Lewis X Morris.^

1748-1755. No signatures.

1756. Eeynold Cleaton.

1757-8. No signatures.

1759. Thomas X Powell, Eobert Davies, Morgan Williams.

1760. Thomas X Jerman, Eichard Jervis, Eobert Davies.

1761. Thomas Davies, Thomas Thomas, Thomas Pugh.

1762. Thomas Evans, David X Evans, David Davies.

1763. Eobert Hughes, Thomas Mills, Edward X Cleaton.

1764. No signatures.

1 765. Edward Savage. Edward Chapman, William X Lewis.
1 766. Hugh Evans, Thomas Davies, Owen Brown.
1767-8. No signatures.
1769. Evan Kinsey, John Jones, David Jones.

^ That is, the churchwardens did not attest the entries in the
register. Frequently the signature of the vicar or curate occurs
unaccompanied by that of the churchwardens.

2 The sign X between the Christian name and surname of the
wardens denotes their inabihty to sign their own names.

188 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

1770. Kichard Matthews, Evan X Jones, Evan Samuel.

1771. John Lewis, William X Ingram, Edward X Davies.

1772. Kichard Richards, John Morris, William X Richards.

1773. John Lewis, Daniel Jerman, Edward Morgan.

1774. No signatures.

1775. John Marpole, Philip Swancott.

1776. Richard Evans, Reynold Cleaton, William Evans.

1777. Evan Marpole, Edward Beedle.

] 778. John Marpole, John Lewis, John Hughes.

1779. Edward X Cleaton, Richard Rickards, Richard Thomas.

1 780. Evan Lewis.

1 781. Owen Lloyd, Garner Jones, David Jones.

1782. David Lloyd, Evan Rees.

1783. Wythen Jones, Matthew Stephen, Richard Evans.
1784-5. No signatures.

1786. David Evans, John Lewis, Edward Carter.

1787. No signatures.

1 788. Richard Jervis, David Jerman, Thomas Jerman.

1789. Stephen Stephens, Daniel Jerman, Thomas Jerman.

1790-7. No signatures.

1798. David Davies, John Smith.

1799-1800. No signatures.

1801. David Meddins, David Jerman.

1802. David Meddins, David Jerman, Richard Thomas

1803. Richard Jervis, Edward Bennett, Richard Thomas.

1804. Richard Jervis.

1805. Charles Cole, Richard Woosnam, Thomas Jerman.

1806. No signatures.

1807. Charles Cole.

1808-12. Thomas Price's signature as warden appears alone
during these years.

I have failed to ascertain the names of those who
acted as wardens from 1812 to 1824, and the
list from the latter year np to 1843, though in the
main correct, cannot be vouched for as perfectly accu-
rate ; but from the year 1843 to the present, the Hst is
correct.

1824. Richard Jervis, Richard Ashton, John Francis.^
1825-6-7. David Jones, Richard Wosnam, Thomas Price.
1828-9-30. Richard Jervis, Owen Lloyd, David Jerman.
1831-32. Richard Lewis, Evan Kindsey, Edward George.

^ The names of these three wardens are on the tenor bell.

OF LLANIDLOES. 189

1833-4. John Pryce, Edward Evans, David Jerman.
1835-6. John Edwards, David Jerman, Evan Lewis.
1837-8.' Thomas E. Lewis, John Ingram, Evan Lewis, David

Jerman.
1839. Edward Hughes, Evan Mills, Evan Lewis, Thomas

Jones.
1840-2. Edward Hughes, Evan Lewis, David Jervis, Edward

Lewis.
1843. J. M. Jones, Jeremiah Owen, Thomas Kinsej, William

Parry.
1844-5. Eichard Lewis, David Evans, Thomas Kinsey, William

Pugh.

1846. Richard Lewis, Thomas Lewis, Greorge Mears, Edward

Hughes.

1847. Richard Marpole, Thomas Lewis, Edward Lloyd, John

Smith.
1848-9. Owen Lloyd, Edward Lloyd, David Kinsey, Wilham
Lefeaux.

1850. William Cleaton, Thomas Hayward, William Lefeaux,

Owen Lloyd.

1851. Robert Smith, Thomas Jerman, William Cleaton,

Thomas Hayward.

1852. William Cleaton, Thomas Hayward, Thomas Jerman,

Richard Thomas.

1853. William Cleaton, Thomas Hayward, Thomas Jerman,

Evan Thomas.
1854-6. Thomas Hayward, Evan Thomas, David Davies, John
Lewis.

1857. Lawton Marshall, Thomas Hayward, T. E. Marsh,

David Davies.

1858. T. E. Marsh, Wilham Owen, John H. Holmes, Richard

Mills.

1859. Wilham Owen, T. I. Jerman, J. H. Holms, Richard

Jones.

1860. William Owen, T. I. Jerman, Richard Jones, Thomas

Hamer.

1861. Lieutenant- Colonel Hunter, William Pugh, Richard

Mills, Thomas Hamer.
1862-3. Wilham Pugh, David Kinsey, Thomas Hamer, Richard
Jones.

1864. Thomas Hamer, Richard Jones, Thomas I. Jerman,

W. H. Benson.

1865. Thomas Hamer, Richard Jones, Edward Rees, David

Kinsey.
1866-8. Thomas Hamer, Richard Jones, W. H. Benson,
William Pearce.

190 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

1869. Thomas Hamer, Eichard Jones, John Jenkins, David

Marshall.

1870. Samuel Ikin, John Kitto, Richard Jones, Richard

Woosnam.

1871. Samuel Ikin, John Kitto, Richard Woosnam, Edw. Rees.

1872. Reappointed.

A Terrier or particular of all the buildings, lands, tithes,
dues, duties, books, and plate belonging to the vicarage of the
parish of Llanidloes, in the deanery of Arwystli, and diocese of
Bangor, in the county of Montgomery, 13th of July, a.d. 1722.

Imprimis, the parish church, whose dimensions are in length
41 i yards, and in breadth 1 7 yards.

Item, the churchyard, being near triangular, in circum-
ference 127 yards, hath three gates, and is fenced with a stone
wall on the south-east side and a part of the west side, and on
all other sides with posts and rails.

Item, the manor or vicarage house, being two bays and one
cut end of buildings, floored with boards, except the kitchen,
which is a flagged house,^ and is in length 12 yards, and in
breadth 6 yards, and an ile on the south-west side of it in
length 5 yards, and in breadth 2 yards.

Item, a garden adjoining the end of the said house, being
somewhat narrow at both ends on the south-west side, and
another close, formerly an orchard, which is decayed, adjoining
to the backside of the said house on the upper side, and
bounded with the river Severn on the north-west side and
lower end, being about 40 poles or perches in the whole.

Item, the several townships of Morfodion Cefn-croes-llwybyr,
Manledd, and Glyn-Hafren Iscoed, the several hamlets of
Cefnpenarth, Ystradynod, and Crywlwm, being part of the
tithes, are thus divided ; viz. one-fourth part of all manner of
tithes are payable to the vicar of Llanidloes, all the other three
parts to the dean and chapter of Bangor and the vicars of
Arwystli, excepting the demesne lands and house of Penyrallt-
goch, which only pay a modus of 2s. in lieu of goose, hemp,
flax, ceirch march tithe, hay, and all other small tithes and
Easter duties for all the family that live in that house.

Item, in the several townships of Cilfachallt, Treflyn, Brith-
dir, and Hengynwydd-vach, all the tithes are thus divided ; viz.

' There were two Terriers in existence at the old vicarage in Mr.
Morgan's time, one bearing the date 1722, quoted above, and the
other 1762. The latter differs from the former only in a few de-
tails, which win be noted. Instead of " flagged house," the Terrier
of 1762 has "kitchen which is paved with stones."

OF LLANIDLOES. 191

one-four til part thereof are yearly paid to the vicar of Llangurig,
and the other three parts to Thomas PowelP of Nanteos, Esq.,
the present priator.

Item, all the Easter duties throughout the whole parish are
yearly payable to the vicar of Llanidloes, and every husband
and wife to pay 8c?., every child of age living with the parents,
or either of them. Id., every widower and widow 3d.y every
servant 2d., every trade master and journeyman 4<d. Besides
his Easter duties, every wedding pays 3s. to the vicar, and 6d,
to the parish clerk ; every christening pays to the vicar 1 s. and
6d. to the parish clerk; every burial pays to the vicar Is.^

Then follow a particular of the several charities, and a
list of the books in the library, which will be treated more fully
in the following sections.

Charities. — The following account is taken from tlie
'^ Report of the Commissioners for Inquiring concerning
Charities," vol. 32, part iii, p. 274, dated 30th June,
1837:—

David Lloyd's Charity. — This charity is thus re-
corded on the benefaction table : " David Lloyd, D.D.,
by his last will and testament left the sum of £2 125.
per annum to be distributed in twelve pennyworth of
bread every Lord's day throughout the year to the
most indigent and poor in this town, at the oversight
of the successors of Edward Lloyd, of Berth-Llwyd,
Esq.,^ which is always paid and distributed upon a
certain tenement, called Pen-y-rhiw, now in possession
(1722) of Richard Humphries of Llanidloes, shoemaker."

The earliest document produced relating to this rent-
charge was a deed of conveyance of the above farm, in
the possession of Mr. Marsh, bearing the date of the
5th November, 1746, in which was contained the fol-
lowing proviso : " Subject nevertheless to, and always
chargeable with, the payment of thirteen white loaves,

^ In 1762 they were payable to the Honourable Watkin Williams
Wynn of Llangedwin, in the county of Denbigh, Bart., ancestor of
the present impropriator.

2 The 1762 Terrier gives sixpence to the clerk as his burial fee,
and mentions — " one silver plate for the use of the church and com-
munion, that will hold about three half pints, with a silver cover
to it."

192 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

each of tlie value of one penny, of good and sufficient
bread, on every Sunday or Lord's day for ever, wliich said
bread shall be provided and placed in a convenient part
of the said parish church of Llanidloes aforesaid, there
to remain during divine service and sermon, and after-
wards to be distributed to and amongst the poor, in the
manner the same hath heretofore been and is now used
to be paid and distributed."

The conveyance to Mr. Marsh bears the date the 2nd
of April, 1814, and also contains the same proviso for
payment of the rent-charge.

This property having been alienated from the family
of the Lloyds, the heirs of Edward Lloyd no longer in-
terfere with the charity. Mr. Marsh regularly causes
a supply of thirteen penny loaves to be sent to the
church every Sunday morning, for distribution amongst
the aged poor, selected at his discretion, subject to the
approbation of the vicar, and the donation is continued
to the same persons, except in cases of bad behaviour.
The parish clerk receives one of the loaves. It is
generally expected that persons receiving the benefit
of this charity should attend divine service.

In the Parliamentary Returns for 1786 it is stated
that the same David Lloyd, D.D., by will, date un-
known, gEive a rent-charge of £12 125. per annum for
the poor, which was vested in the churchwardens and
overseers. No trace is to be found of any such rent.
It was probably inserted by mistake in the first return
of 1786 instead of Catherine Lloyd's gift, which is
stated in red letters from the second amended return,
and in the insertion of which the former ought to have
been erased.

Catherine Lloyd's^ Charity. — On the same benefac-
tion table it is stated that Catherine Lloyd bequeathed

^ On the death of Mr. Marsh in the year 1861 the property passed
into the hands of Mr. Horsfall, who has since sold it to the present
owner, Mr. Thomas Jones.

2 Catherine was the daughter of Sir John Witherong, Bart., and
the second wife of Mr. Edward Lloyd of Berthlloyd, grandson of
Sir Edward Lloyd, Knt.

OF LLANIDLOES. 193

by will, date not given, the sum of £1 00 to the use of the
poor of this parish, and the interest thereof to be yearly
and every year distributed by the vicar and church-
wardens among the poor of this parish for ever, which
said sum of £100 became a desperate debt, and the in-
terest thereof for several years remained unpaid ; but
being afterwards recovered, the said principal and in-
terest has been laid out in the purchase of several lands
and tenements called Ty-yn-y-fron and Crywlwm-fach
in this parish, and the rents thereof are paid yearly to
the overseers in aid of the poor-rates of this parish."

No information could be obtained of the amount of
principal and interest recovered and subsequently laid
out in the purchase of the above property. The Ty-
yn-y-fron property consists of a farmhouse and 29 acres
1 rood 9 poles of arable and meadow land, besides
an allotment of 21 acres 20 poles which is let with
the farm. The Crywlwm-fach property consists of 10
acres 2 roods 1 6 poles, and an allotment of 1 1 acres 3
roods 1 pole. The allotments are used as sheep walks.
Ty-yn-y-fron, with its allotment and Crywlwm-fach, are
let together at £30 a year to Edward Jones, a yearly
tenant, who is allowed a deduction of £5 on producing
lime bills to that amount for manuring the land. The
Crywlwm-fach allotment is let to Owen Davies, a yearly
tenant, at £3 1 55. per annum. The whole of the rents of
this charity have hitherto been applied to the poor-
rates.

The house standing on Ty-yn-y-fron, about twelve
years ago, was in such a dilapidated state that the
parish made an arrangement with the tenant, David
Jerman, that he should continue the estate for five
years free of rent upon condition that he should rebuild
the house, at a cost of £65, on the same site, according
to a plan and valuation there given, and that he should
hold the estate from the end of the five years at £13 a
year. The house is in a good and tenantable state, and
the parish hitherto has paid the repairs.

It is supposed that this property, if sold, would

VOL. \i. o

194 A PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT

realise about £400. The carrying of these rents to the
account of the poor-rates is evidently a misapplication,
which ought immediately to be corrected.

EvanGlynnes Charity. — From the benefaction table it
appears that Evan Glynne of Glyn, Esq., left by will the
sum of £2 12s. per annum to the poor of this parish, to be
paid out of a tenement called Crywlwm, which belongs
to the estate of Glyn, and is to be yearly distributed.
The rent-charge is regularly paid by the tenant of the
property to the vicar and churchwardens, generally on
New Year's Day, and is by them distributed in small
sums, varying from Qd. to 25. Qd., to aged and infirm
poor persons.

Jenkin Boivens Charity. — The tablet also records
that Jenkin Bowen of Welford, in the county of Glou-
cester, D.D., left by his will a yearly rent of £14 to
the poor of this parish, paid out of the tenement of
Cefngwilgu, and to be distributed by the vicar and
churchwardens successively for ever, at the oversight
and approbation of Edward Owen, of Pen-yr-allt-goch,
his heirs and their survivors.

This property, which is a farm in the parish, lets for
£60 a year to Stephen Higgs, and lately beloDged to
Wythen Jones, Esq., formerly of Rhiewport, near Welsh-
pool, a lineal descendant of the Bowen family. The
tenant regularly pays out of his rent the sum of £14
to the vicar and churchwardens of the parish, by the
direction of the proprietor of the estate, who is gene-
rally present on that occasion. Three pounds are appro-
priated to the education of four poor children, and the
remainder is distributed among 131 poor and aged
people, and persons of large families, in small sums vary-
ino^ from Is. to 55. without reference to their receivinor
parochial relief A question was raised during the in-
vestigation whether the whole of this property did not
belong to the charity, and Wythen Jones, Esq., was not
merely a trustee. It appears that the estate was let
until the year 1821 at £14 per annum, the whole of
which was paid by Wythen Jones, Esq., to the charity,

OF LLANIDLOES. 195

but since that time it has been let at increased rents,
and is now let at £60 per annum in consequence of a
large outlay by him in erecting a new farmhouse and
buildings. The surplus has been retained by Mr. Wy-
then Jones to his own use.

According to the Parliamentary Gazetteer, the total
amount received from the above charities in 1837 was
£53. In 1862 it amounted to £34 li)s.

A Catalogue of the Boohs belonging to the Lending
Library of Llanidloes Church.

'' On the 8th day of November, 1688, Arthur Weaver
of Morfield, in the county of Salop, Esq., bestowed the
works of the learned and pious author of ' The Whole
Duty of Man ' upon the churchwardens of the parish
of Llanidloes and their successors, to be by them
lent." The above gift appears to have formed the
nucleus of what, for the time and place, seems to have
been a little library of some importance.

Books bestowed in 1699 : — ^

1. An Exposition of the Creed^ by John (Pearson) Lord
Bishop of Chester.

2. Thirty-six Sermons, by Eobert Sanderson, late Lord
Bishop of Lincoln.

3. A Course of Lectures upon the Church Catechism, vol. 1,
by Thomas Bray, D.D.

4. A Discourse of the Pastoral Care, by Gilbert Burnet,
Lord Bishop of Sarum.

5. A Collection of Articles, Canons, Injunctions, etc.

6. A Discourse on several Texts of Scriptures, by Henry
Moor, D.D.

7. An Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, by Bishop Hopkins.

8. Dr. Burnet's Exposition upon the Thirty-nine Articles of
the Church of England.

9. A Defence of the Book entitled " A Snake in the Grass."

10. An Account of the Societies for the Eeformation of
Manners in London, etc.

11. A Practical Essay of the Contempt of the Word of God,
by William Nicholls, D.D.

12. An Answer to the Dissenter's Plea for Separation, or
an Abridgement of the London Cases.

^ The donor or donors of these works are not mentioned in the
Register.

0 2

196 PAROCHIAL ACCOUNT OF LLANIDLOES.

13. The True Nature of the Divine Law, etc., by Samuel
Du Gard.

14. A Help or Exhortation to Worthy Communicating, by
John Kettle well.

15. A Short Discourse upon the Doctrine of our Baptismal
Covenant, being an Exposition upon the Preliminary Questions
and Answers of our Church Catechism, by Thomas Bray, D.D.
2 vols.

Dr. Moore's Discourses, lent to the Rev. Mr. Lewis Pryce.

The London Cases abridged, lent to Thomas Clun, armiger.

A Collection of Articles, etc., lent to — Griffith, rector of
Pen strewed, February, 1709.

Bishop Pearson on the Creed, and Bishop Burnet on the
Articles, lent to Mr. Bennet, vicar of Trefeglwys, July 9, 1720.

These entries of books lent were beneatli the cata-
logue, and no further entries were made at a later
period in any of the registers.

All the above works were set down in the Terriers
of 1722 and 1762 ; but on searching the old church
chest or coffer, which was formerly kept in the gallery
of the church, but has been lately removed to the
belfiy, the writer found only three works remaining ;
viz :

1. The Whole Duty of Man, folio, 381 pp. ; The Gentleman's
Calling, written by the author of the preceding. These works
were bound in one thick cumbrous volume, and were printed
at the sign of the Bible in Chancery Lane, 1687. The Whole
Duty of Man was, according to the Terriers of 1722 and 1762,
*^ chained upon a desk near the altar in the chancel of the said
church."

2. A thick folio of 1,352 pp., containing five books, or
twenty controversies on theological questions. Title-page
and 250 pp. wanting.

3. The work numbered 10 in the catalogue. This volume,
following the old custom, has a " title-page as long as an ordi-
nary preface;" it was printed at the " Three Pigeons, Cornhill,"
1699.

{To be continued.)

197

HERBEETTANA.^

The junior branches of the Herbert family in the fol-
lowing pedigree are not to be found in any of the pub-
lished genealogies of that house.

This pedigree has been compiled from family deeds
and papers at Peniarth ; a note of the Inquisitio post
mortem upon the death of Samuel Herbert ; a funeral
certificate upon the death of Matthew Herbert, printed
below ; a monument to the memory of Edward Her-
bert, in St. John's Church, Chester ; a pedigree in the
autograph of Robert Vaughan, the antiquary, of Heng-
wrt, in Peniarth MS., No. 6, etc.

W. W. E. W.

1 Continued from vol. v, p. 392.

198

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HERBEKTIANA. 199

Francis Herbert of Dolgeog, Esq., in a deed at
Peniarth, dated 29th May, 11 Charles I, nomi-
nates his trusty and well-beloved brother, Samnel
Herbert of Peniarth, gent., to take possession for him
of a tenement which he had purchased in the parish of
Llanegwyn.

From a Pedigree at Peniarth , confirmed by the Family Deeds j

etc., etc.'

"Mathevv Herbert (y® deceased) was ye sonne of Samuel
Herbert, who was y® second sotine of Mathew Herbert of Dol-
geog, who was y'' 2d sonne of Edward Herbert of Mountgom.^
esq^

" The mother of Mathew Herbert y« p'"sent deceased was y^
daughter and heir of Lewis Owen of Peniarth, who was the
eldest sonne of Griffith Owen, who was y^ 4th sonne of Lewis
ap Owen (called y^ Baron) of plas yn dre in Dolgelly.

" The mother of Samuel Herbert was the daughter of S""
Charles Fox of Bromfield, near Ludlow. * * *

'^ The crest of Mathew Herbert was y® sheafe of arrows.

'^If I remember I have seen an escocheon made at y® fune-
rail of Samuel Herbert with the 1 coate party p' pale 3 lions,
y^ 2d a chevron betweene 8 speares heades, y« 3d a lion ram-
pant, y^ 4th 3 cockes, the colours I do not remember.

" Samuel Herbert did not then give the coate of S"^ Charles
fox.^'

The above is an extract of what appears to have
been the funeral certificate of Matthew Herbert, in
Plarl MS., 1973, p. 109. There is more of it, but
relating to the Owen of Peniarth family.

Seal of Francis Herbert of Dolgeog, in the county of
Montgomery, gent., last day of February, 1619.

Quarterly —

1. Per pale az. and gu., three lious ramp., ar.

2. On a cross., five mullets.

3. A chevron between three... spearheads.

4. A lion rampant.

With a mullet for a difference.

Sheriffs patents — William Herbert, Esq., Mont., 18
Nov., il Eliz..; Edward Herbert, Knt., 5 Nov., 2
James I.

200 HERBERTIAXA.

At the present moment there is a stone in the house

H
of Dolguog with the initials F A engraved thereon.

1632.
There is a bundle of letters extant (fifty-four in number)
from Francis Herbert to his wife Abigail, nee Garton.^
He generally dates his letters from " Oakeley Park" to his
wife at " Dolgeeogg ' — they range from 1632 to 1641.
He addresses her in a very quaint manner, sometimes
beginning " Cheeckin," sometimes " My deare Hart,"
once " Mrs. Playne Dealinge," and several times " Mrs.
Herbert."

In one letter he alludes to some accident to his knee
which he regrets prevented him seeing a friend staying
at " Dolgeeogg," and requests his wife to entertain him
well, and promises to repay her anything she may dis-
burse for the entertainment ; this looks as if they had
distinct purses. He says he would borrow a coach.
" And truly could a coach come to my house I woulde
have borrowed one rather than have fayled him."
From this it is evident Dolguog was inaccessible to
any vehicle.

The following letter is a specimen : —

" Mes. Herbeet, — This boye I sende unto you only to
knowe in whatt forwardness you are to undertake your jorneye
agayst Whittsentyde, whoe you must dispatch so as hee maye
bee heere back agayne on Fry day e beetymes, to the ende I
maye prepare men and horses for you to sett forth from hence
on Mondaye, whoe maye bee with you on Tuesday, and you
sett forward on Wensedaye ; to Ehusayson on Wensedaye

^ " J Pedig7'ee of the Gartons. — John Garton of the manour of
Garton in Yorkshire, was seized of certain lands, and Septirao
of Edward the First was questioned for not receiving the order
of knighthood as they now in Charles his reyne. The Lordshipe
was found by inquisition to be then but ten pound the yeare, yet
he was found to ba seised of other lands in right of his wife Ange-
lina to the value of thirtie pound, but because he had noe children
by her he was acquitted of the fine. Abigaile the daughter of
WilHam Garton, second sonne of Sr. Giles Garton of Willanington
in the countie of Sussex, Knight, is lineally descended of the said
John Garton."— (Pow?/s Castle MSS.)

HERBERTTANA. 201

I^H daye or Satturdaye, God willinge.

^r '^ I doubt not but you have ordered your affayres nowe, that
H those things can bee no lett unto you, and that you have such
servants as you maye intrust for awhile, in your absence, to-
wards Harvest, God enablinge you, you maye make a visiting
jorney off them. Iff you have not allreadey turned oute the

Iyonge mare, its nowe highe tyme for you, the sooner the
better, but that your jorneye is for neere hande, for that you
will have non will carrye you safyly, but then, in anye case,
lett her hooffes bee anoynted with some hogge grease or the
other liquor that hath not salte in it, and lett her and the black
nagg bee sent on Satturdaye next to Aber Angell to George
the smith to bee shodd ; and lett som one use to ride her with
a woman's furniture, two or three dayes, beefore you sett oute.
Send me woorde what furniture you wante, and what elp you
shall neede to bee sent you hence.
*' I pray you sende mee woorde by this boye wheather Mr.
Piighe bee gone for London, and wheather hee weare att the
Assizes in Mountgomeryshire.

^^ Your newe chambere, the boyes and I lye in, to season
agaynst your cominge, which I doubt not but will bee as
warme and pleasing to you as wheare you are ; thus in hast,
with my love comended to you, and the boyes blessing come (?)
of you I rest,

'^ Your lovinge husbande,

'' F. Herbeet.
'' Bromfield, this Mundaye night,

the last off Maye, 1641.
'' As to gathering off llanegren wooll and lambe, wee have
writt to Harry Owen, whoe must sell both as hee maye, for
keepe the wooll we will not ; then for setting off the corne its
tyme innough. This inclosed perticuler is neere as I remem-
ber the . . . I sende you for gathering off my rents att . . .
tyde, but for that you maye sende for Rowland ap Richarde to
you, and cause him to copy off it, and tell him that I must
have him take the paynes for mee, for that his grandfather is
nowe oulde, and hee shall find that I will one waye or other
consider him for it.''

[Outside addressJl
" To my beloved wiffe Mrs. Abigaile Herbert, comende
these. Att Dolgiogg."

[8ealy a bundle of arrows in saltire.']

The above correspondence does not extend to the
period of the Civil War.

202 HERBERTIANA.

In the catalogue of gentlemen who compounded for
their estates, is the name of '' Herbert, Francis, of Dol-
giog, Mountg., £0318 OO5. OOd"^

Francis left two sons ; (1) Sir Matthew Herbert,
Bart., and (2) Francis Herbert, the father of Richard
Herbert, who married his kinswoman, Florence, heir
of the line of the Lords Herbert of Chirbury, of the first
creation.

Richard Herbert, Esq.

The following passage from Blakeway's Sheriffs of
Shropshir e,releiting to Sir Matthew Herbert, Bart., gives
an interesting account of his nephew, Richard Herbert :

'^655. Matthew Herbert of Bromfield and Oakley Park,
Knt.,^ was eldest son of Francis Herbert of Dolgiog, in Montgo-
meryshire, son of Matthew Herbert (uncle to the celebrated
Lord Herbert of Chirbury), by Margaret, sister of Francis Foxe
of Bromfield. The new edition of Collins makes the present
sheriff to have been created a baronet in 1663, but it was on the
18th Dec, 1660, that this honour was conferred on him. He
died without issue. His brother, Francis Herbert of Oakly Park,
was father of Richaed Herbert, who, if the sermon preached
at his funeral by the Rev. John Slade, M.A., of Merton College,
Oxford, and Vicar of Bromfield, may be credited (and there is
no reason to dispute it), was a pattern of every moral excellence.
* His life was according to the design of the Gospel and the
character of a true Christian, for it was sober, righteous, and
godly. He was a man exceeding humble, notwithstanding
the great temptations he had to be proud, both upon the
account of birth and fortune. He was, it is well known, of an
ancient and honourable family, and he had. Providence so
ordering it, a large and plentiful estate. But notwithstanding
he was so great in the eye of the world, he was little in his
own, he was so humble and lowly. He was likewise very dis-
creet and reserved, not apt to be familiar with every one, and

1 Mont. Coll, vol. i, p. 474.

2 " The crest of Matthew Herbert was the sheafe of arms. If I
remember I have seen an escutcheon made at the funeral of Samuel
Herbert, with the coat — Party per pale three lions ; y® 2nd, a chev-
ron between three spear bendes ; y^ 3rd, a lion rampant ; y® 4th,
three cockes, the colours I doe not remember." — From Harl. MS.,
1973, apparently part of an old letter. — (Peniarth MS., No. 5,
page 182).

HERBERTIANA. ' 203

with whom he was so, it was not suddenly, but after he under-
stood them and their humour. He was a man of few words,
but they were wise and to the purpose. His calmness and
moderation of affection were very remarkable, and though he
knew how to be angry, yet he seldom practised it, for he so
ruled his passion, that it was a hard matter to discover any in
him. His righteousness appeared in his dealing and carriage
towards men, giving every one his due. He was a loyal,
faithful, obedient subject to the king, whom he served in the
office of a magistrate, and a soldier, as a justice of the peace,
and a deputy lieutenant. He thought of nothing too much
either to do or to give for his sovereign, being always ready
to serve him in person and goods.^ The preacher then extols
Mr. Herbert's impartiality and diligence as a magistrate.
' How many were beholding to him for justice ? how many for
counsel ? how many for peace ? For partly by counsel and
partly by authority he reconciled many differences and pre-
vented more. His deportment in his office was grave, and
something severe to awe unruly people, but his carriage at
other times was sweet and affiible. He despised no man, but
would speak to the meanest, and hear the meanest speak to
him again. He was a good commonwealth's man, improving
his estate, and maintaining other men's, by keeping them at
constant work all the year. He was to his lady a most loving
husband, to his children a tender father, and to his servants a
mild master. But that which was most commendable in hi,m
was his piety towards God. He was never heard to take God's
name in vain. He loved the house of God, and for a testimony
hereof, he bestowed the adorning of his chancel, and an aug-
mentation to the vicarage. The beautifying of this part of the
house of God was a work commendable in itself, more for the
time, in that he did it before he repaired his own house ; and
for an augmentation to this vicarage he has given and settled
by will the tithes of two townships in this parish, viz., Lady-
Holton and Aill Holton. He was a constant guest at the
Lord's Table. As for his private worship, it was daily and
devout. Besides the common prayer in his family, he used
private in his closet. He read three chapters of the Holy
Scripture every day, and the whole Bible every year. This
course he began at eighteen years of age, and continued till
his death, when he was about forty-seven. In his last sickness
he sent for me, confessed his faith before me, desired God's
pardon and the Church's absolution, both which I trust he had.
After this his sickness increased, nature decayed, and he died
of a fever, a fiery disease, which, we hope, proved to him hke
EHas's fiery chariot, that conveyed him up to heaven.' "

204 HERBERTIANA.

It is unsafe to rely implicitly on the praise contained
in funeral sermons, a mode of posthumous flattery hap-
pily become obsolete ; yet the topics of commendation
in this discourse are so judiciously chosen, and of such
individual application, as to warrant the belief that
they were more than the effusions of the pulpit, and
that Mr. Herbert was indeed possessed of qualities,
which, rare in every age, are still more so in the pre-
sent, though on their continuance and increase the
stability of our institutions, and the moral superiority
of the people, so mainly depend.

The subject of this funeral eulogy married Florentia,
granddaughter of the celebrated Lord Herbert, and had
issue (l) Francis (father of Henry Arthur, Earl of Powis),
and (2) George Herbert, who, in 1693,married Martha,
daughter of John Newton of Heightley, and relict of
Richard Owens, a younger brother of the family of
Owens of Rhiewsaison, and had issue Francis Herbert,
Member of the Parliament for Montgomery, to whom
the third barony of Herbert of Chirbury was limited,
in default of heirs male of his uncle Francis ;^ and who
by Mary, daughter of Rowland Baugh, and Mary,
daughter and coheiress of Thomas, Lord Folliott, had
issue George, Henry, and Folliott Herbert, and Mary,
wife of Captain Frederick Cornewall of Diddlebury,
CO. Salop, and mother of the Right Rev. Folliott Her-
bert Walker Cornewall, Lord Bishop of Worcester.

G. S.

1696. Francis Herbert, Esq.^

Francis Herbert of Oakly Park, in the parish of
Bromfield, sheriff of Shropshire in 1696, and of Mont-
gomeryshire in 1710, was son of Richard Herbert of
Dolgiog, in Montgomeryshire, by Florence Herbert,
sister and heir of Edward and Henry, successively

^ Florentia Herbert, baptized at Bromfield, 1673, was a daughter
of this Richard Herbert, also, I presume, Frances, wife of Francis
Plowdeuy whose daughter Florentia was baptized in 1684. This
seems to be the same Mr. Plowden who afterwards married the
sister of the Earl of Staiford.

2 Blakewaj's Sheriffs of Shropshire.

HERBERTIANA. 205

Barons of Chirburj, grandsons of the celebrated Lord
Herbert. Francis Herbert, by Dorothy, daughter of
John Oldbury of London, merchant, was father of
Henry Arthur Herbert, created Earl of Powis in conse-
quence of his marriage with Barbara Herbert, niece
and heir of William, third Marquis of Powis.

John Herbert of Cemmes.

Sir Richard Herbert^ =F Margaret, dau. of Sir Thomas ap GriiSth.
Sir Richard Herbert T Ann, daughter of David ap Einion.

Edw. Herbert Wm. Herbert Oliver Herbert John Herbert of Kemmes,
of Mont- of Aber- of Mach- m. dau. and heir to Ro-

gomery. ystwith. ynlleth. bert Gwillym Derwas

Note— Was this John
legitimate ? According to Lewys Dwnn, i, p. 312, he was not. It is
thought that it is stated otherwise in a MS. in the British Museum.

Margaret Herbert, m. Rev. Anne Herbert, m. Elizabeth Herbert, m.

Llwyd Blayney ; 2ndly, Humphrey John Richard John

Hugh John Bevan Goch. Wyn ap Reynallt. Meredith.

dau. of Llewelyn =F Griff ap Gwilym^^ dau. of Howel ap Rees

ap David Lloyd. ap Gr. Derwas. ap Howel Vychan.

Robert ap Griffith ap Gwylim^Mabli, dau. of Morris ap Owen.

Elizabeth T John Herbert.

Herbert of Kemmes.

2. Jane, dau. of Sir Lewis ^ John Herbert of Kemmes, ^1. Elizabeth, dau.

Orwell, relict of Ed- 2nd son of Sir Richard

ward, last lord Grey of Herbert, by Anne, dau.

Powis, She was not of David ap levan ap

wife of Lord Grey, he Llewelyn Vychan.
died 5 Edw. VI.

of Griffith ap
Gwilym Derwas.

1 I

Edward Herbert T Etc.

Elizabeth :f Lewis Anwyl (Wm. Lewis Anwyl), Etc.

Sheriff of Montgomery 1625,

1 PeniartJi MS., No. 5, p. 152. ^ Hengwrt iMS., 96, p. 404.

^ From Mr. George Morris's pedigrees, a brother of Joseph Mor-
ris, ill the possession of T. C. Eytou, Esq.

206 HERBEKTIANA.

Co]jy of a leiter at Porldngton,from Edward Herhert of Kemmes ,

to his granddaiigliter, Mrs. {Katheriyie) Wynne of

Glyn in Merionethshire}

" LoviNGE Granddaughter. — My truest love and prayers
for yo*" health &c. I was importuned by my nephew and
your unckle^ John Williams, whose letter you shall find herein
closed, to moue you in the behaulfe of Doctor Cheadle his
request. I could not denie though I doubted of anie good
successe therein, and therefore will not further intreat your
fauours for him, than may stand with your owne good pleasure.
Itt maie be he hath formerlie falsified with you, and thereby
deserved your disfavour. I make noe question but the pro-
ceedings of bothe parties are truelie discouered vnto you, and
therefore I whoUie referre my request to your consideration ;
with my blessinge. I remaine,

" Your lovinge grandfather,

" Maes Machreth, the " Edward Herbert."

xiiij^b Junii, 1637."

* See extract from a MS. at Porkington in the autograph of
Lewis Anwyl, Esq., who was the son of Lewis Anwyl, Esq., and the
ancestor of J. R. Ormsby Gore, Esq., M.P. {Uont. Coll., iii, 375).

(To he continued.)

ON THE TWO EECUMBENT FIGUEES IN
MONTGOMERY CHUECH.

The south transept of the parish church of St. Nicholas
at Montgomery, known as the Lymore Chapel, was
evidently a private chapel. It is lighted from the south
by one central lancet w^indow, and from each side by a
smaller one of the same character ; and that it once
contained an altar under the larger window is evident
from the fact that, on the north side there is a small
hagioscope light about eighteen inches by twelve inches,
from which the altar might have been seen, and that there
is a piscina projecting from the south wall. Although
it still bears the name of the Lymore Chapel or Chan-
cel, it ceased to be used for sacramental or other pur-
poses since the Ee formation. It now contains three
fine monuments, viz., (1) a large alabaster canopied
tomb of Eichard Herbert, father of Lord Herbert of
Chirbury, and of his well-known brother George, the
poet and divine ; and (2 and 3) two recumbent armoured
figures lying side by side on the east side of the larger
monument, but without inscription or legend of any
kind to denote whom they represent.

The large tomb, although erected by the widow of
Eichard Herbert, contains full length figures of both,
and under the outer figure, and nearly on a level with the
floor of the chapel, is a third, a singular representation
(in alabaster, and also life size) of a corpse in its shroud.

The following is a copy of the legend on the canopy
above the figures : —

'' Here lyeth the body of Richard Herbert, Esquire, whose
monument was made at the cost of Magdalen, his wife, daughter

208 EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH.

of Sir Eichard Newport, of High Ercall, in the county of
Salop, Knight, deceased, of Dame Margaret, his wife, daughter
and sole heir to Sir Thomas Bromley, Knight, late Lord Chief
Justice of England, one of the executors of the late Kinge, of
most famous memory, Kinge Henry the VIII. — Auo. Dom.
1600.'^

It is, however, to the two other effigies that we
more particularly desire to direct attention, as there
has been, and still is (as to one of them at least), a
doubt as to whom they represent. We will shortly
describe each.

The body of the older one appears encased in chain
armour extending to and covering the neck, while the
head, all but the face, is covered by a headpiece or
helmet, encircled by a finely carved ornamental device
representing a chain. The head rests upon a crown or
headpiece surmounted by a plume of feathers, together
about eighteen inches in length. The armour of the
breast and body is covered with a representation of a
shield of arms, which is afterwards alluded to. The
thighs, knees and legs are also encased in armour ; the
hands are bare and placed in an attitude of prayer, and
the feet rest upon an animal, apparently a dog.

The more modern of these two effigies differs from
the other in many respects. The head is uncovered, but
with long hair flowing down to the shoulders, and rests
upon a helmet which, although broken, bears in fine
relief the feet and claws of the falcon, or some other
wild bird. The expression of the face is remarkable ;
a firm mouth with a contracted brow strongly indi-
cative of pain. The face of this figure is shorn, while
that of the other has hair on the upper lip.. The body,
legs and fecjt are encased in armour. The hands are also
in the attitude of prayer, and upon each hand are ^ve
rings, two on the middle finger and one on each of the
other three; the feet also rest upon an animal similar to
that previously mentioned. Bound the neck and rest-
ing on the breast, is a chain resembling the insignia of
an order of knighthood, but what it is we cannot de-
termine.

EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH. 209

For mediaeval figures we have rarely seen any bear-
ing, more essentially, evidence of a master hand, whe-
ther as regards proportion, minutiae of detail in sculp-
ture, or, as regards the later figure, the marked ex-
pression of the face.

As we have before said, there has hitherto been a
doubt as to whom the figures represent.

Mr. Henry Godwin of Newbury, the author of the

I English Archwologisfs Hand-book, writes thus of each :
^' They seem effigies of the early part of the reign of Henry
Vl, before the condiero or elbow pieces became so absurd ; but
Ihis absurdity itself was only a military foppery in those days.
There is hardly a piece which does not tally with my description
of the armour of the fifteenth century (1464)."

" The later one," Mr. Planche thinks, "is of the date
of Henry YII, and the other a century earlier, either
Richard II or Henry lY." He also thinks " that the
long hair of the later figure shows it to be of Henry
VII's reign, the hair being then worn long, whereas in
Henry YIII's time it was polled."

In 1872, J. J. Howard, Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., inspected
the monuments, and, for the first time, suggested that,
in his opinion, the elder one of the efiigies was de-
cidedly that of an Earl of March.

He states that " the beautiful seaP of Edmund Mor-
timer, Earl of March, appended to a deed belonging to
Sir Thomas Hare, Bart., dated 45 Edward III, repre-
sents the shield of

Barry of six or and azure, an inescutcheon argent, on a
chief of the first, three palets between two gyronnies of the
second, ♦

suspended on a tree and supported by two hons, having
their heads enclosed in helmets surmounted by lofty
piumes of feathers issuing from coronets. Legend,

^ A woodcut of this seal is given in Dashwood's Sigilla Antiqua,
2nd series, 1862.

VOL. VI. P

210 EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH.

S. EDMVNDI DE MORTVO MARI COM' MARCH' d'nI DE
CLARE.

" Now the effigy lias on its breast the Mortimer arms,
and, in addition, has the head supported by a helmet
ensigned with a crown and plume of feathers."

Since Dr. Howard inspected it, it has been observed
that the small centre escutcheon has a bend upon it,
which may be a difference. Dr. Howard adds that
he could not find, any other clue to the other or later

effigy.

With reference to the later effigy, Mr. William Wild-
ing of Montgomery has formed an opinion that it is
that of Sir Richard Herbert, Knight, the first of that
family who settled in Montgomeryshire, a younger son
of Sir Richard Herbert of Colebrooke, in Monmouth-
shire, and great grandfather of Lord Herbert of Chir-
bury.

He founds this opinion upon passages in Lord Her-
bert's autobiography,^ in which Lord Herbert expressly

^ The following extracts from the autobiography of Lord Herbert
of Chirbury are what Mr. Wilding relies upon —

" My father was Richard Herbert, Esq., son to Edward Herbert,
Esq., and grandchild to Sir Richard Herbert, Knt., who was a
younger son of Sir Richard Herbert of Colebrook in Monmouth-
shire, of all whom I shall say a little. And first of my father, whom
I remember to have been black haired and bearded, as all my ances-
tors of his side are said to have been, of a manly or somewhat stern
look, but withall very handsome and well compact in his limbs, and
of a great courage.

* # * # m

" My grandfather was of a various life, beginning first at court,
where after he had spent most part of his means he became a
soldier, and made his fortune with his sword at the siege at St.
Quintens in France, and other wars. He died at the age of four-
score or thereabouts, and was buried in Montgomery Church, with-
out having any monument made for him, which yet for my father
is there set up in a fair manner.

" My great grandfather, Sir Richard Herbert, was steward in the
time of King Henry the Eighth of the Lordships and Marches of
North Wales, East Wales, and Cardiganshire, and had power in a
marshal law to execute offenders ; in the using thereof he was so
just that he acquired to himself a singular reputation, as may
appear upon the records of that time kept in the paper chamber at

EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHUECH. 211

mentions (1) the canopied monument of his father and
mother who, as he says, were both buried in Mont-
gomery church ; and (2) the fact that his grandfather,
Edward Herbert, Esq., although buried in the same
church, had no memorial erected to him ; and (3) that
his great grandfather. Sir Richard Herbert, "lieth
buried likewise in Montgomery, the upper monument of
the two placed in the chancel being erected to him."

What " upper" may mean, and whether " chancel"
means the south transept or "Lymore Chapel," may be
doubtful ; but looking at the fact that there are but
three monuments (except mural tablets) in the church,
all of which existed in Lord Herbert's time, and are
expressly mentioned by him, and that there is no record
or trace whatever of any other monument ; and, further,
that the style of armour of the later of the two figures,
according to Mr. Planche, is that of Henry YII, in
whose reign Lord Herbert's great grandfather lived, all
tend, Mr. Wilding thinks, to prove that this monument
is that of Sir Richard Herbert, the first of the family
who migrated from Monmouthshire.

Alluding to the theory that each figure represents a
member of the Mortimer family, Mr. Wilding remarks,
" that if this be so, all trace of the monument of Sir
Richard Herbert, of which Lord Herbert so distinctly
speaks, has wholly disappeared."

The Rev. W. Y. Lloyd is of opinion that the effigies
in Montgomery Church are those of members of the
Mortimer family. Earls of March. He says " that
Blakeway, in his Sheriff's of Shropshire, assigns to
Ralph de Mortimer, sherifi* in 1273, the same arms as
those described by Dr. Howard as being on the earlier
of the Montgomery effigies. The age assigned by
Messrs. Planche and Godwin to the armour worn by
the above effigies is, at the latest, that of the reign of
Henry YII, and the earlier effigy that of the reign of

Whitehall, some touch whereof I have made in my History of Henry
the Eiglith. He lyeth buried likewise in Montgomery, the upper
monument of the two placed in the chaiicel being erected for him^

212 EFFIGIES m MONTGOMERY CHURCH.

Ricliard II or Henry IV. Mr. Planche tells us that
the later effigy, with long hair, must have been that of
a person who died, at the latest, in the reign of Henry
VII. Dying at a later period he would have been re-
presented with his hair 'polled.' Now the first Her-
bert that w^as ever likely to have been buried at Mont-
gomery was Sir Richard Herbert, the great grandfather
of Lord Herbert of Chirbury. Between the 9th of No-
vember and Christmas of 1535, 27 Henry VIII, Bishop
and Lord President Rowland Lee, in giving an account
to Cromw^ell of the condition of the military stores of
Ludlow Castle, says ' ther be also, in sir Richard Her-
bert's custodye, two hundreth harnesse lyeing roting,
and he heing now sicke, I sent to him to knowe the
truthe' (Wright's History of Ludlow, p. 881). Although
'sicke' in 1535, Sir Richard lived probably until 1540,
therefore the latter effigy with lon^ hair, worn at the
latest in the reign of Henry VII, was not his.

"We know that the Mortimers, Earls of March, were
also Lords of Montgomery, Kerry, and Kedewen,^ and

^ The following charter, which by the kindness of W. W. E.
Wynne, Esq., we are enabled to print, testifies to the connection
which the Mortimers had with the district : —

" Edmundus de Mortuamari Comes Marchias &' Ultonie Dominus
Wigmor & Clare omnibus ad quos pr'sentes litere p'uenerint salutem.
Sciatis q'd tam pro bono & laudabili seruitio quod dilectus serviens
noster Meredith ap Adda Moell nobis impendit quam pro bono &
fideli gestu ipsius Meredith & Antecessorum suorura legeancia
penes dominum Rogere & progenitores suos ac nos & antecessores
nostros super partes Marchiarum walliee concessimus eidem Mere-
dith oi'a terras t'entaprata & boscos in Aberhauesb infra dominium
n'rum de Kedewyn & o'ia terr' tenementa prata & boscos in villis
nostris de Gwenrewe & Coytref infra dominium nostrum de Kery
in manibus nostris tanq'm escaet' & forisfactur' existencia Haben-
dum & tenendum omnia predicta terr' tenementa prata & boscos in
villis nostris de Gwenrewe & Coytref infra dominium nostrum de
Kery pr'd. & omnia predicta terras tenementa prata & boscos in
Aberhauesp infra dominium nostrum de Kedewen vt predictum est
in manibus nostris escaet' & forisfactur' existencia cum omnibus
suis libertatibus franchesiis et consuetudinibus predicto Meiedith
& assignatis suis imperpetuura de nobis et heredibus nostris per
redditus & servitia inde debita & de iure consueta. In cuius rei

EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH. 213

always popular with their Welsh tenantry. It was
generally to Wales the members of the family fled when
proscribed, or in need of reinforcements. Edmund de
Mortimer, uncle of the fifth and last Earl of March of
his family, married Owen Glendower s daughter, and
joined him at the head of his Welsh tenantry.

" Edmund Mortimer, the fifth and last Earl of March,
was left an orphan at six years of age, and was com-
mitted to the wardship of Henry Y as Prince of Wales.
After having distinguished himself in the French wars,
he died childless in the reign of Henry VI, 1424, aged
about thirty-two years. This last Earl's nephew,
Richard, Duke of York, succeeded to the Mortimer
baronies, and amongst them to the lordships of Mont-
gomery, Kerry, and Kedewen. I have already given
an account of the two charters of privileges and immu-
nities granted 2nd of July, 22 Henry YI, 1444, to his
tenants of Kerry and Kedewen. He lived in trou-
bled times, and may have considered Montgomery
Church, lying under his castle walls, a fit and safe
resting-place for the remains of his uncle and prede-
cessor, Edmund, fifth and last Mortimer, Earl of March,
and of his grand uncle, Edmund, the son-in-law of
Owen Glendower.

*'As Dr. Howard describes one of the effigies as
having on the ' breast the Mortimer arms, and in addi-
tion having the head supported by a helmet ensigned
with a crown and a plume of feathers ;' and, as the era
assigned to the armour by Messrs. Planche and Godwin
synchronizes with the period when the Mortimers were
associated with the locality," Mr. Lloyd concludes " that
the effigies under consideration were those of members
of that family, the Lords of Montgomery, Kerry, and
Kedewen."

testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Dat, London
primo die Junij anno regni Regis Henrici 5 post conqnestum tercio.
[a.d. 1415.]"

[From a transcript, in the autograph of Mr. Robert Vaughan,
the antiquary of Hengwrt, in Hengwrt MS., 96, page 1347.]

214 EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH.

From the foregoing it is clear that tlie earlier of the
two effigies is that of an Earl of March, but as to the
other it is not so clear ; but on the whole we incline to
the opinion that it was that of another member of the
Mortimer family, and probably that of the last Earl of
March.

215

CIRCULAR FLINT KNIFE FOUND IN
TREFEGLWYS.

This beautiful flint implement, which is well repre-
sented in its full size by the above woodcut and sec-
tion, was found in the spring of 1871 on the farm of
Glan y rafon, situate in the parish of Trefeglwys, and
belonging to Nicholas Bennett, Esq., one of our mem-
bers. A labourer was grubbing up a rundel or decayed
oak tree, in a coppice which is on the north side of a

21 G CIRCULAR FLINT KNIFE.

field called Dolty coch, and found the flint amongst the
roots of the tree, several feet below the level of the
ground. A short time ago a quern was found a few
hundred yards from the spot, but there are no appear-
ances of ancient remains in the neighbourhood.

The flint is about two inches in diameter, and is pro-
nounced to be a remarkably fine specimen of a circular
flint knife, — a form of somewhat rare type. Mr. John
Evans, in his work on " Ancient Stone Implements of
Great Britain,^' p. 306, mentions several, and also
figures two (figs. 257 and 258), which resemble this,
but are not so perfectly circular. Another is engraved
in the last number of the ArchcBological Journal, which
we have not seen.

This circular flint knife was exhibited at the meeting
of the Society of Antiquaries on 1 3th February, 1 8 73.
It was remarked that it had been formed by chipping
over the whole of both faces. The whole of the peri-
phery had been ground, so as to form a sharp edge,
except in two places, where for a short distance the
edge was left as it was chipped. Only a few of the
roughnesses on the surface have been ground.

Mr. Bennett, of Glan y rafon, has presented this in-
teresting flint implement to the Powys-land Museum,
and it is hoped it will form the nucleus of a collection of
flint and other stone implements found in Montgomery-
shire. Hitherto this county, and Wales generally, have
been more barren of discoveries of antiquities of this
description than other parts of Great Britain.

217

MOULD FOR CASTING TOKENS FOUND AT
MATHRAVAL.

The lithograph annexed represents a piece of slate
four inches and a half long, an inch and a half broad,
and a quarter of an inch thick, on which are four
circular holes, sunk about a tenth of an inch, and
engraved with certain rude devices : one of them is a
very rough representation of a horse ; two others have
patterns formed with lines ; and the fourth, if it has
been engraved at all, is now eflfaced. At each corner a
stud of soft lead is let into the slate. Three still
remain, and there is the mark where the fourth was
fixed, but that corner of the piece of slate has been
broken off through the hole drilled for the fourth stud.
The studs project, on the side of the slate on which the
devices are engraved, about one-sixth of an inch, and
have evidently been intended to fit into another stone,
which would go on the top of it.

It was found in 1871, on the bank of the river
Yirniew, adjoining the site of the ancient castle of
Mathraval, in the parish of Llangyniew, Montgomery-
shire, by Mr. Eobert Eoberts of Meifod, Glazier, who
states that it then had the appearance of having been
in the ground for a long time. It is evidently one
half of a mould intended for casting tokens or some
rude medals. It does not appear to have any relation to
the historic spot at which it was found. A rubbing of
it was submitted (through the Secretary of the Powys-
land Club) to Mr. John Evans, F.R.S., who states that
"it is probably of about the sixteenth century, and in-

218 MATHRAVAL MOULD.

tended for casting leaden tokens. Some such tokens
are engraved in Akerman's Tradesmen's Tokens current
in London (1849), plate viii." The token, fig. 9 on
that plate, has on the reverse the same plain chequered
pattern as specimen 2 of this mould. Mr. Evans adds
— " Moulds of a similar character were in use at the
commencement of this century among school-boys for
casting * dumps', with which to play instead of with
money." From the present appearance of the mould,
some may think it not so old as the sixteenth century,
but the appearance it bore when it was found, of having
been long in the ground, would place it before this
century ; and the skill shown in fixing the studs of
lead in the stone clearly shows it was not the work of
a school-boy.

Mr. H. Ecroyd Smith has favoured us with the fol-
lowing remarks on leaden tokens in reference to this
mould : —

'^ Leaden tokens similar in character and probably of various
dates ranging from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century,
have often turned up in this and other countries to the plague,
and often mortification, of the numismatist or antiquary, inas-
much as many have been too hastily assumed to be antique.
In " An Account of the Discovery of a Roman Building in Gur-
nard Bay, Isle of Wight, and its relation to the Ancient Tin
trade of the Island," by the Rev. Edmund Kell,^ notices ap-
pear with a plate, illustrating eighteen examples which are
erroneously supposed to be Roman ; five follow found at the
Roman station Medina (Newport), one of which (fig. 20, plate
22) bears a device almost identical with that of specimen 3
of the Mathraval mould ; and one from Crayford in Kent
which is likewise of this age. Not one of the Gurnard Bay
pieces are ancient, unless one, which, apparently representing
the wolf and twins, may be so considered : it is of difierent
shape to the others, being of rectangular form instead of cir-
cular. They mostly bear T C, more or less rudely traced, on
one side, and a geometrical design, often wheel-shaped, on
the reverse. Another series is from Brough, in Westmorland,
and found associated with Roman remains washed together

^ Vide British ArchcBological Journal, vol. 22, p. 354.

MATHRAVAL MOULD. 219

into a stream, but carefully eliminated by the owner from the
Roman seals which also occur here^ (and possibly, though
in very limited number, at an adjacent station), and are quite
unique in character and elsewhere unknown. The medi-
aeval ones are found to bear the following devices ; a plainly
chequered pattern/ like specimen 2 in the Mathraval slate-
mould ; a cross patee with a pellet in each angle; a plain St.
Andrew's cross, with stars and pellets in opposite angles;
similar shaped cross, but of numerous lines carried out through
the diminishing angles to the very rim,^ like specimen 3 on
the Mathraval mould; shape of a rudely spoked wheel; wheel-
shaped, the spokes alternately straight and curvilinear ; star
and crescent; fleur-de-lis; animal, possibly a lion; rude mono-
gram. These have a device only on one side. From the bed of
the river Bug in Lithuania, a considerable number of leaden
pieces have been at times dredged up : they are of similar
general character, but, like the Roman ones at Brough, show
the orifices of the ligature by which some kind of objects have
been bound, and upon which these leaden seals, for such they
must have been, were stamped. Indeed, several examples
are depicted with the strings still protruding from the lead on
each side. These seals are rude and unshapely, mere discs,
presenting letters, human faces, or birds, but the prevailing
devices are crosses and geometrical designs in great variety.
One of the devices, a cross patee with a pellet in each angle,
is a counterpart to the one from Brough, described above.
Certainly, these leaden seals must date earlier than the medi-
eval English examples named.

We may add that Mr. H. Ecroyd Smith considers
the mould to be not later than the sixteenth century.
The leaden articles from Gurnard Bay were subse-
quently (13th Februaiy, 1867, see British Archceological
Journal, vol. 23, p. 97) pronounced by Mr. H. Syer
Cuming and other antiquaries to be children's
" dumps," productions of the seventeenth and first half
of the eighteenth centuries, but others were of a different
opinion. Mr. Cuming on that occasion exhibited one
half of a mould for casting " dumps,'' which is described
as " a block of free stone about three inches square and
an inch and a quarter thick ; the smooth surface incised

^ These two medals have been acquired for the Powysland
Museum.

220 MATHRAVAL MOULD.

with a die an inch and a half in diameter, bearing a
heart transfixed laterally by an arrow," and stated that
*Hhis curious object was the work of the seventeenth
century, and was recovered from the Thames, near the
site of old London Bridge.^'

The Mathraval mould was presented to the Powys-
land Museum by E. S. R. Trevor, Esq. (one of our
members) on the 6th March, 1873.

221

WELSH POETEY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE
HISTORY OF LLANGURIG.^

By HOWEL. W. LLOYD.

In the last poem we have seen that, while the virtues
of two of the four brothers of Llangurig are commemo-
rated, those of Jenkyn are the most fully and promi-
nently dwelt upon. It appears from the genealogies
that William, the fourth brother, died unmarried, and
that the second brother Owen, though married, is not
known to have left any surviving issue. Thomas, the
eldest son of leuan of Clochfaen, having been provided
with an inheritance at Crugnant, Owen would natu-
rally have been succeeded at Clochfaen by Jenkyn, the
third brother. Which of the three, together with
Jenkyn, survived the other two, does not appear, as his
name is not found in any extant portion of the poem.
If an inference may be drawn from the fact that the
one was unmarried, and the other left no heirs, that
they died early in life, leuan must have been the other
survivor. It has been already remarked, how deeply to
be regretted is the fact, that a poem so interesting from
its political and social allusions should have come down
to' us in so very dilapidated and fragmentary a state.

This is to be lamented the more, because, more than
any other of the poems, it furnishes contemporaneous
evidence not only of the high estimation in which the
Clochfaen family and its kindred branches were held at
that time in their own immediate neighbourhood, and
far and wide beyond it ; but also of the causes which
occasioned their being regarded by the classes below
them, as in a peculiar and special manner their patrons
^ Continued from vol. v, p. 49.

222 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTKATIVE OF

and defenders. The devotion and aflfection rendered
them did not spring from mere feelings of clanship, nor
were these wholly the fruit of the ordinary service paid
in those days by inferiors to their superiors in education
and worldly position. This is shown especially in stanzas
8 to 16, wherein not only are the virtues ascribed to
Jenkyn particularised in a way that differs pointedly
from the common-place generalities of Welsh enco-
miastic poetry ; but facts and events are referred to
as having become special occasions for their exercise.
Paraphrased in plain prose, these stanzas are very sig-
nificant, and may, without much risk of error, be
referred to the year 1549, when the celebration of the
Mass was abolished throughout the kingdom by Act of
Parliament. By a slight amplification of the text he
seems to say, " In thy mansion — the bright mansion of
the Clochfaen — O Jenkyn, son of Morys, by thy favour,
and under the protection of thy men-at-arms, are we
driven to solemnise in the privacy of thy mansion the
holy rites of our ancient faith, deprived as we are of
our parish church. To thee do we look to put down
the evil that has come upon us. Thus will the recti-
tude of thy life be eventually rewarded by God, and
the wickedness of the evil-doers be brought to nought.
In thy talent, energy, constancy and goodness lies,
under God, our strength. Thou hast not oppressed
us, like others, in the pride and arrogance of their
hearts, nor abandoned thy faith in the hour of trial and
danger at the beck of the proud nobles of Edward's
court. The poor, who suffer elsewhere from the
plunder of the religious houses, and the enclosure of
the abbey lands, on which every poor family had been
privileged to graze its cow, are fed daily from thy
table. To a bitter condition, in sooth, has the country
been reduced for the mere gain of Henry YIII and his
profligate and unprincipled courtiers. Still we have no
hope that this wretched state of things will be reversed
till their madness has run its course. And thou, too,
Cyricus, holy martyr, and patron of our district, who

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 223

dgnest with Christ in heaven, bestow on us thy bless-
ig, and aid us with thy powerful prayers ! So shall
'-e be strengthened to endure with fortitude the assaults
upon our holy religion with which it has pleased God
to try our faith, in patience waiting for the time when
this tyranny shall be overpast, and the consolation we
shall obtain by the restoration of our rites and altars."
The Clochfaen and Llangurig families were content
to dwell in comparative obscurity among their own
people, at the head of whom they held themselves in
readiness to place themselves at the call of duty. Driven
from their parish church, their mansion became, as it
were, a church in the catacombs among the mountains
of Plinlimmon, for all those who loved the ancient ways
and walked in the old paths. ^

In the poem now to follow Jenkyn alone is com-
memorated, whether because he was at the time the
sole survivor does not appear from any of the lines now
extant. The poem is unhappily fragmentary, and the
text frequently doubtful ; still sufficient remains from
which to obtain, in this nineteenth century of ours, a
curious and interesting glimpse of the social customs of
our forefathers in the fifteenth and commencement of the
sixteenth, w^hich might otherwise have escaped notice.
The occasion for its composition would seem to have been
the annual ''wake," or feast of St. Curig, the patron saint
of the village, which w^as kept on the 1 6th of June, and
continued, perhaps for some days, during the whole or
part of the octave. It would seem that Jenkyn, as

^ Strype significantly relates that the Protector's friend, Sir
William Paget, advised him, among other things, " To appoint the
Lord Ferrers and Sir William Herbert to bring as many horsemen
out of Wales as they dared trusts — Ecdes. Mem., Edward VI, 1549,
edit. Oxford, 1822, vol. ii, book 1, part 1, p. 265. But we learn
from Holinshed that the 1000 Welshmen, who had been landed at
Bristol, " came too late to the fraie, yet soon enough to the plaie.'*
For the city of Exeter, having been already taken by siege, " the
whole countrie was then pat to the spoile, and euerie soldier fought
for his best profit; a just plague," as our chronicler naively adds,
" upon rebels and disloiall persons." — Chron., vol. iii, p. 1025, edit.
1587.

224 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

head of the chief family of the place, unless it were in
a magisterial or other official capacity, presided at the
fair, and considered it his prerogative at least, if not
his duty, to arbitrate at the games, to prevent or extin-
guish brawls, and punish disorderly conduct of the kind
which subsequently, for want of such a check, brought
into discredit the pastimes which were otherwise calcu-
lated to provide the peasantry with harmless recrea-
tion, and led to their discontinuance. His also was the
place at the head of the festive board, to which, as well
as to the drinking-bout after the banquet, all contri-
buted their quota, called the "gild." On the occasion
in question a dispute would seem to have arisen with
regard to a second contribution, and the discretion of
Jenkyn in promoting its peaceable settlement, appa-
rently by assuming the responsibility of the whole of
the payment, is made a special subject of encomium.
Obscure as is the passage, a ray of light is thrown
upon it by a usage which is said still to subsist at
Llangurig. On every rent-day it is customary for the
landlord to allow as much liquor as he may deem
proper for the consumption of the guests at the tenants'
dinner. If more than this allowance be required, the
additional expense is defrayed by the subscription of
all the guests.

We learn from the genealogies that Jenkyn was
married to Catherine, daughter of Morgan ab Tlhys ab
Howel of Llangurig, ab Davydd ab Howel Vychan of
Gilvachwen, co. Cardigan, Esq., descended from Cadi-
vor ab Dyfnwal, Lord of Castel Howel, Gilfachwen,
and Pant Streimon. It is this lady, with " mind on
hospitable thoughts intent," who is commemorated in
the poem. In the manuscript the latter is entitled
vaguely, like most of the others, A Poem to the Family
of Clochfaen in Llangurig. From the fact that there
are no titles prefixed to the poems in Huw Arwystli's
autograph in the quarto volume at Peniarth,^ it may
be inferred that those in the Llyfr Ceniarth were not

1 Fentarth Catalogue^ Ko. 250.

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 225

copied by the transcriber from the originals before him,
but supplied from his own resources, an hypothesis
which accounts sufficiently for their general looseness
and inaccuracy.

Cywydd I Genedl y Clochfaen yn Llangurig.

Gwr a maint a grym yntaw,
Y^th menter^ wrth y maint draw,
tan y fron
llwyd winau 'n^ lie dynion,
ystryw^ yw dy wraidd,
Siancyn wyr Siancyn* iraidd ;
Breuddewr wyd, o bai ryw ddig,
Breugyw eryr Bro Gurig ;
Mur ranwydd mawr yr Een weilch,
Mawr yw ^r half am warrau beilch ;
Llin edn^ Howel, llawn odiaeth,
Llwyd, trwy waed leirll, draw y daeth ;
O daw rhywiau^ da i 'r heol,
Edn i edn Tanwr wyt — aent ar ol.
Duw a ^i rhodd, Ffwg'' dewriad jffon,
Doraeth^ hynod wrth Einion.

0 Grerri dau^ gwraidd wyd,
Craig yn ol carw gwineulwyd.^^
Dewr o ddyrnod oedd arnynt

D^ aros, Hid gweilch Rhys Llwyd gynt.
o' th wobrwyaeth^^ briawd,

1 ddai Rent,^^ les iddyn', tylawd.
Cathrin Ian cydranai wledd

I^ th fywj Eryr, a^ th fawredd.
Porthiant ^d i 'th parth hwnt oedd,
A mawr, sad, o 'r Mars ydoedd.
bob peth i 'r wyneb wych

^ " Menter" is not found in the dictionaries. An ancient Welsh
melody, still in use, bears the title of Mentre Gwen. It would seem
to be a corruption of the English word " venture," itself perhaps
corrupted from the Welsh " antur ;" jpace Dr. Johnson, who deduces
it from the French " avanture." But whence comes this last, unless
from the Celtic ? 2 'j.^ l. C. ^ ygtriw, L. C.

* i. e., Jenkyn Goch. ^ eow, L. C. ^ rhiwiau, L. C.

7 fwg, L. C. 8 doreth, L. C. ; ynod, L. C. 9 dai, L. C.

1^ gwinelwyd, L. C. ^^ obrwayth, L. C.

12 For " y deuai Rhent."

VOL. VI. Q

226 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

Ni roed, eurner wyd arnyn^.
Win, fedd, er anfodd un.
Triniwr^ beilch dy ran o 'r bri,
I was gwaedwyllt nis gadewi ;
Ni fagech law fwg awch[lym]
Yn y ffair, on 'd pherid[grym] -^
Gwr [h]ynod a gyrr wenwyn,
Cadwed yr ael gyda i drwyn.
Ni thynwyd arf o' th wain di,
Heb roi bar obry i 'w beri.

0 rhoed hwynt far, rbaid hwyn^ fu,
Ercbi 'r enaid, a cbrynu.
Ni tbrwsiwyd, o' th nawfed acb
Un a chalon uchelach.
V th dai odiaeth diodydd,
A bwyd i bawb, o daw bydd.
Braidd^ a' u nych, a 'r breuddyn chwyn*
Etto i yfed i ^r terfyn.
Troi gwirod traw ag agos,
Yn rhawiau [wjnaen 'r hyd y nos ;
Ai da hyn, wedi hynny,
Roi i gytild^ gwraig y ty ?
Talwyd un gild,^ dyled yw 'n gwaith,

1 gael talu gild^ eilwaith ?.
Da genyd ei digoni,
Dalu dy hun ei dyled hi,
Ni chawdd*" gair, iechyd gwerin
I ^w addoli ar dy ddeulin"^
Gwr ni ddwg graen weddw wych

odiaeth
ar warr dy waith
OS dymunwn

aur ar dwn.

Huw Arwystli ai cant, Mehefin Ibed., 1600.^

1 Triniwr, L. C.

2 The last two syllables are supplied from conjecture,
s Beirdd, L. C. ; ai, L. C.

* chwyrn, L. C. The sense of this couplet is obscure.

^ tild, L. C, and " gilt" in next line,

6 hi chawd, L. C. 7 dai lin, L. C.

^ This date is clearly apocryphal. David Lloyd of Clochfaen,
Jenkyn's son, was Mayor of Llanidloes, Escheater, and Justice of
the Peace in 1574. See supra, vol. ii, p. 194r

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 227

Ode to Jenkyn ab Morys of Clochfaen in Llangurtg.

^Bian of stature, and of strength,
^H^hy daring is proportionate to thy size,
^^B Three impe7-fect lines.

^■"enkyn, thou grandson of Jenkyn the Sturdy,
^Thou art ready and resolute, if there be any provocation.
Thou spirited fledgling of the Eagle of Curig^s Land.
Thou huge rampart of the domain of the ancient Falcons.
Mighty is thy talon^s clutch of the necks of proud ones.
Wondrously perfect is the line of Howel
Lloyd, that hath come down from afar, through the blood of

Earls.i
If families of high birth enter the street
Thou art a pullet of the Fire-bearer's^ pullet — let them give

place.
Thy stafi" hath the stoutness of Fulk's^ — it is God's gift.
Distinguished on Einion's side is thy race.
From Kerry thou possessest two roots.
Who art a rock in the path of a tawny stag.
Stout, if a blow from thy fist fell upon them.
Would be those who await thee, whose wrath is that of Ehys
Lloyd's falcons of old

by thy special donation
Has rent come to the poor for their benefit.
The fair Catharine^ hath distributed the banquet.
For thy support, O Eagle, and for thy greatness.
There was provision of corn for thy party yonder.
And great and powerful was it over the March,
everything fair to the view.

An hiatus of two lines.
There hath not been given — so bountiful a lord art thou over

them —
Wine or mead to the discontent of any one.
A marshaller of proud ones, thou wilt not leave

1 Tudor Trefor, Lluddoccaf, and Caradog, who were successively
Earls of Hereford and Gloucester.

2 Madog Danwr.
2 Sir Fulke Fitz Warren, a Lord Marcher, son and heir of Sir

Warren de Weaux, a nobleman of Lorraine. He attacked, defeated,
and slew Sir Meurig Llwyd, Knt., Lord of Whittington, and took
possession of .his castle and lordship, which were confirmed to him
by Henry III,

^ For the pedigree of Catharine, wife of Jenkyn Goch, see vol.
ii, p. 271.

228 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

Thy meed of honour to a hot-tempered servant.
Thou wouldst not support a hand as sharp as smoke
In the fair, wert thou not compelled to it :
A man of mark will dispel mischief ;
Let such a one use his nose to guard his eyebrow.
Never hath weapon been drawn by thee from its sheath.
Save when necessitated by offence given from below.
If they have given thee offence, of necessity they must
Tremble, and beg for their lives.
Never was equipped, since thy ninth ancestor.
One of higher mettle than thou art.
At thy mansion is the very best of drink.
And of meat, for all who enter it.

Scarcely will it pain them, when the gallant gentleman urges it,
Again to drink on to the end.
They would toss off the liquor, far and near.
In shovelsfull, all the night long.
Is it a decent thing that, after this.
All should pay their quota to the goodwife ?
One contribution^ has been paid ; is it a duty on our part
To have to pay a contribution a second time ?
Thou wert pleased to satisfy her.
By paying her due thyself.

There is no offence in a word — the weal of the populace
Is to be worshipped on both thy knees.
A man who will not bear a smart widow's temper

The poem concludes with one hlanJc, aiid three imperfectj and
(in their ^present state) unintelligible lines.

The next poem appears in the Llyfr Ceniarth in the
shape of two disjointed fragments, the latter of which
is found tacked on to that printed above, ^ commencing

" Da fu Duw, a difai dyn,''

and relating to leuan of Clochfaen, the eldest of the
" four brothers." Its concluding lines prove it to be
part of an elegy on Owain, the second brother. The
other fragment, which terminates abruptly in an hiatus,
is as plainly the commencement of an elegy on the
same Owain. Taken together, the two fragments be-

1 " Gildio, compotationum expensas persolvere. — Davies's Diet.''

2 P. 76.

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG, 229

>me intelligible, and form a tolerably harmonious
^hole. Gwenllian, the wife of leuan, appears as
•wain's sister, and swoons away with grief for her
irother-in-law. The fragments which may have origi-
nally formed but one elegy, or may be separate portions
>f two by different authors, are here thrown together
under the title of one of them, viz. : —

Cywydd Marwnad Owain [ab MorysJ^ab Siancyn Goch o

Llangurig.

Gwae ninnau, Duw gwyn ! o'n dig,

Gae ^r bryn cwyr ger bron Curig.

Du oedd wyneb dydd lonawr

I gwyno mab Gwinai mawr.

Doe fu torri daear a phren,

Rhoi daear ar iad Owen :

Yn ol y corpli wylo y caid,

Dydd angladd deuddeng wlad ;

Oerodd y wlad ar ddwy lys,

Heddyw i farw hydd Forys ;

E fai tres ar^ for trosoch,

Wers gan gwymp wyr Siancyn Goch :

Oeriai ^stiF gref Arwystl gron

O frig Ceri i fro Caron.*

Gwae ^r Creyddyn ! garw ceryddwyd !

Gwae drasau llin gwaed Rhys Llwyd !

Pan edrychwyd paun drechach ?

Pa un oedd well pan yn iach ?

Mentrai wyneb y trinoedd,

Mwy na deg mewn adwy oedd.

Ni ddoe Arthur oddiwrthaw.

Ban fai drin heb anaf draw,

Nid ae gawr ond a gurwyd,

Dan hawl law edn Howel Llwyd.

Cyn o' i farw cae neu fur oedd,

Adwy fry wedi ei farw ydoedd.

chladdiad wych luddwr
well ag arf yn lie gwr.

^ The bracketed words are omitted in L. C.
2 Tressai, L. C. ^ Anglice, " steel."

* ^. c, from Kerry in Montgomeryshire to Tregaron in Cardigan-
shire.

230 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

Bydd waeth-waety oes byth weithian,
Gladdu glaiP neu gleddau glan,

Iwyddiant y flwyddyn,

leinw hap ymlaen hyn.
fod gwlaw E brill tawel,
aid a' i fFrwd cyd y ddel
E ddaw rad oedd sor hoywdeg,
O flaen twrf oleuni teg ;
Anian 'r heulwen, yn rhylew,
Aiaf garw hwnt a fag rew ;
Cynnydd ai, cyn ei ddiwedd,
Ar Owain wyrch yr un wedd :
Y dyn oedd a dawn iddaw,
A^ i olud tros y wlad draw,
Ar hoel ddoe ^r haul oedd wen,
A niwl yno^ 'n ol Owen.
Galw ar ei fedd gwelir fi,
Ynte Owen yn tewi.
Gwae ^r tir isod, gwae ^r trasoedd,
Gwae wlad gwalch goludog oedd,
Gwae dri brawd a geidw ^r brodir,
Gwae 'r tir o hyd agor tir ;
Gwae ninnau ^n llwyr gynne ^n lias
Gwae erioed gweled gwr dulas ;
Mawr weled [y] mor-filwr
Mwy bo ■'n gael meibion y gwr,

Mor oer [i ^n] ucho, Mair wen !

Here a leaf is torn out of the MS,
Oer oedd unllef roe ddoe [wan]
Yn ei llewig Wenllian.
Car gwiw hael, carw Gwehelyth,
Tra* chwaer oedd fyw, ni chwardd fyth.
Merched hyd nef yn llefain :
Mae ^r ia neu^ rew ymronnau rhain.
Och ! heb wleddoedd chweblwydd[yn]
Och ! brydded, och ! briddo dyn ;
Och ! oferedd, och ! farwn ;
Roi ar Dduw^ Saint air dros hwn ;
Och ! dryined ucho dramwy;
Och ! mwy nag ym min'^ Gwy.

^ Wyth, L. C. 2 0 'r glais, L. C. ^ Yw 'n ol, L. C.

* Na, L. C- 5 jsTe, L. C. ^ Deany, L. C.

7 Ymin, L. C.

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 231

Och ! yngan ; och ! a gwynwn,

A mwy fyth am y fath. hwn !

Och Dduw 'n glain wych dual glew nertli !

Och, drom am na chaid ei werth !

O 'r llif pa well, er lies pen,

Na chrio oni cheir Owen ?

Aed — bu ewyllys Duw bellach —

Owen i nef wen yn iach.

Suw Arwystli a' i cautj Tonawr 8ed.j 1500.

The following is an attempt at a metrical paraphrase,
rather than a translation of the foregoing poem. Care,
however, has been taken to adhere to the substance of
the original by avoiding, as far as possible, the intro-
duction of new ideas. It may serve, by comparison with
the prose translations, to convey a notion to the English
re^ader of the extent to which the genius of our bards
has been cramped by the strictness of their metrical
rules.

Elegy on Owain ab Morys ab Jenkyn Goch op Llangueig.

Woe to us, blessed Grod ! because of thine anger towards us.
Bearing is all the hill-side sad tapers of wax before Curig.
Lo ! the January day hath dight its visage in blackness —
Mourns the day itself for the son of Gwinai the mighty ! ^
Yesterday hath there been cutting of earth and of wood for

the laying
Over the temples of Owen the earth, as he lay in his coffin.
Full twelve lands made wailing that day, as they followed his

body.
In cold sorrow is steeped the country for two of its mansions,^
— Sorrow that death hath snatchM the noble scion of Morys.
Now should the ocean chant a funeral dirge for Owen,
" Fall'n is the grandson of Jenkyn the Bed" should be its

burden.
Cold is the heart of steel that beat high for the round Arwystli,
From the heights of Ceri as far as the region of Caron.^
Woe is Creiddyn now ! chastised hath she been severely !

^ This may be the name of an ancestor ; or it may mean " the
excellent auburn-haired youth," if the word be read as " gwinau."

2 C'ochfaen, namely, and possibly, Llys Gelyddon.

3 Literally, "hart."

232 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

Woe is the line of Rhys Lloyd's blood, and all of his kindred !
When hath there ever been seen upon earth a more powerful

gallant ?
What man better than he, when whilom in health and in

vigour.
Boldly the hero would face the foe when arrayed for battle ?
Not ten men in a pass, if they met, could overmatch him ;
If King Arthur himself had fought him in single combat.
Not King Arthur himself had ridden scatheless after.
Surely a giant were worsted, if giant had dared to attack him_,
Under the process^ made by the hand of Howel Lloyd's pullet.
Like to a fortress or rampart was Owen before his departure ;
Now is the rampart a breach, for Owen lives no longer !

Two imperfect lines.
Worse shall the world wax now, for the bright blade of Owen

is buried !

Four imjperfect lines.
Then shall that which was gloom be changed into lively en-
joyment,
Just as the light serene oft-times is foreshadowed by tempest ;
^Tis the bright sun^s nature, by anticipation, to nurture
With its pervading force, the frost of the rugged winter ;
So, overcasting the time, in similar manner, hath increase
Haply befallen Owen for a season before his departure,
Owen gifted with talents, of wealth far and wide the possessor.
Yesternoon on the street the sun with its rays fell brightly ;
Owen is gone, and to-day it is buried in gloom for Owen !
Lo, I am here, on his grave, and calling — but Owen is silent.
Woe to the earth beneath, woe, woe to his kindred above it !
Woe to the country around, that rejoiced in the wealth of the

rich man !
Woe to the Brothers Three, the defenders now of the district !
Woe to the earth itself, for the earth it is constantly opened !
Woe to us all beside, for we all have been slain with sorrow !
Woe that we e^er should have gazed on the livid corpse of the

hero !
Grreat have we seen the soldier by sea, may his sons be yet

greater !

Hiatus of one, or three lines.
Mary, blest Virgin Mother ! how grievous it is to bewail him !

Here follows an hiatus of several lines, and a leaf

^ The word " hawl" seems to be here a figurative expression de-
rived from a process of law.

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 233

las been torn from the MS. The last line has cer-
binly the appearance of being a closing one, and if so,

bhe above lines must have formed a separate elegy, and
ve following fragment have been part of another. In

^hat case, probably, each was' composed by a different

luthor.

Faintly Gwenllian hath uttered a cry, ere she swooned in her
sorrow,

Cold on our hearts hath it struck, — that cry of sorrow for Owen !

Owen, the pride of his race, her noble and generous brother ;

Ne^er will his sister smile^ while she bides in the land of the
living.

Up to the Heaven above hath ascended the wailing of
maidens, —

Frozen with grief are^ their bosoms ! six years are we left
without banquets.

Woe for the burial ! Woe the world's vanity ! Woe is the
Baron !

May the Saints offer their prayers for the peace and repose of
his spirit !

Woe for the greatest on Wye that we heavily make lamenta-
tion !

Woe for the tidings abroad ! and the grief that it daily grows
greater !

Woe to us, God ! that the lustre which shone in our jewel is
darkened.

Woe to us ! heavy the grief that its worth is departed for
ever.

What, for the loss of our Owen, save rivers of tears can con-
sole us ?

And — to the Will divine sith nought now is left save submis-
sion,

Speed him to Heaven with prayers that God may receive him
to glory.

The statement appended to this poem that it was
composed by Huw Arwyslli on the 8th January, a.d.
1500, would seem to be possibly entitled to greater
respect than others of a similar character. It is scarcely
conceivable that so circumstantial a date should have

^ This, perhaps, may refer to the eldest of Owen's sons, who
may at this time have wanted six years of his majority, and not
have lived to attain it.

234 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

been the deliberate invention of the transcriber : hence
it is reasonable to infer that he found it in the original
manuscript from which he copied. But it is by no
means equally probable that the author's name likewise
was subscribed there ; it does not therefore follow that
Huw Arwystli wrote it, and it is almost inconceivable
that he should have done so at a date so exceedingly
early. It is reasonable, then, to conclude from this
date that Owen died at an early age ; a fact which is
supported by the internal evidence of the poem, since
it is stated broadly that his three brothers survived
him. It is clear, however, from the context that he
had attained to the vigour of manhood, and had even
achieved some exploits by land, and also by sea, if as
much may be inferred from the strange epithet " sea-
soldier" (mor-filwr) which is applied to him. This he
would probably have done in the service of Henry YII,
before and during the expedition which led to the vic-
tory on Bos worth Field, and the expression would
seem to point to his having been engaged confidentially
in the service of that monarch when an exile on the
Continent, and aided him perhaps secretly to visit from
time to time, as he is known to have done, his adhe-
rents in the Principality. The wish expressed with
regard to Owen's sons seems at variance with the gene-
alogies, which represent him as dying without issue.
They may, however, have lived for some years, yet
have failed to attain their majority, as seems to be im-
phed in the words : " Six years are we left without
banquets !" Again, Owen must have survived his wife,
of whose name all mention is omitted, while that of his
sister-in-law Gwenllian is introduced. The vast wealth
of Owen and his brothers, so frequently referred to in
the poems, may be partly accounted for by the fact t,hat
they all held the Clochfaen property in common, instead
of sharing it between them agreeably to the old Welsh
cus'tom of gavelkind. It would be interesting to know
whether this arrangement was the effect of their father's
will, or of the spontaneous abandonment by each of
their distinctive rights.

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 235

Of the remaining poems in the Ceniarth manuscript
relating to Llangurig, three only, two of which are
mere fragments, contain any direct reference to the
families of the resident gentry. The others were written
in honour of Saint Cyricus, its patron saint, and, con-
taining as they do some curious information calculated
to throw considerable light on the vexed question of the
origin of the ancient devotion to that martyr and his
mother Julitta in the principality, which extended to
a far greater portion of it than the mere confines of
Plinlimmon, they may appropriately form the subject
of a separate article. Of the three former poems, the
only complete one, subscribed by Huw Arwystli, con-
tains eighty-six lines, and bears the title of " A poem
{Cywydd) addressed to the families... in Curig's Parish."
But, as in the midst of these occur more than one
hiatus, and the latter part, commencing from the forty-
first line, is encomiastic of a parson of Darowen, Sir
Lewis by name, with the view to obtain of him the
gift of a horse, it is probable that they are no more
than the " disjecta membra' of two separate composi-
tions. The poem commences thus : —

" A-pW y w lie cerdd plwy' [Curig.] ''
" The parish of Curig is the seat of most skilful song.^^

The only important lines which it contains germane
to our subject are the following : —

" Ni adawodd Duw un dydd dig

Wahanu 'r ceirw yn nhir Curig.

Glana' gwaed lie 'r glan gwawdyr,

Ceirw ^n gad yn crynhoi gwyr.

Liu 'n glwyd gref yn llanw gwlad gron,

Llewod unoed Llwyd^ union ;

Gwyr oil yn bwrw gair well-well,

Gwyr, mi wn, da, ni goreuwell.^^
" God hath not suffered a single day of wrangling
To disunite the stags of Curig's land.
Purest is the blood where the panegyrists are pure ;

1 Or " grisly lions."

236 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTATIVE OF

Stags [are they] who array their men in battle.
A host like a strong round shield, filling the land,
Lions in even line are the Lloyds, equal in age.
Men all growing ever in public esteem.
Men so good, that none I know are better."

Of the two more fragmentary poems one breaks off
in the middle, consequently the author s name is mis-
sing. It bears the title of "An Ode to the Families
of Clochfaen." As much of its contents differ little in
substance from those already given, an extract or two
from it will suffice. In the first will be found an allu-
sion, which it could be wished were less obscure as to
its time and object, to an aid in men given to " the
Saxon" by the family of Morys, ^. e. probably the Four
Brothers. It begins, in its present shape, thus : —

" Un agwedd, wrth fynegi,

k. Mursen feinwen wyf fi ;

Chwer[th]in, a throp] mtn i 'r medd

Wylo blin y 'r ail blynedd.

E wyr Duw y roed leuan

Ymwrw ^n oed dydd ym mron tan ;

0 lawer swydd hen ffordd yw lys,

Gair mawr a gai dir Morys,

Am ei roi i Sais mawr les wyr
leuan werth tri o wyr."
" I bear a likeness, if the truth be told.
To a fair coquettish dame.
Who laughs, and puts her lips to the mead.
Yet weeps wearily in the second year.^
leuan, God knows, was given

To place himself, as the day waned, before the fire ;
To many an office^ is his mansion the ancient road.
The land of Morys hath gained a high repute
For its gift to the Saxon of a large aid in men.
leuan the worth of three men."

The next extract appears to relate to the choir of
the Church of Llangurig, for which it was perhaps in-

^ As this seems to have reference to a preceding passage, these
lines can scarcely be the true commencement of the poem.
^ Or, " from many a shire."

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 237

L„.,...,...„........

^^K vicarage. From the allusion to its wealth and libe-

'^^lity it may be inferred that the date of the poem is

prior to the commencement of the Reformation troubles :

*' Cor gloew Nef cwrr glan afon,
Gardd i holl gerddwyr yw ton.
Ami yw ^n gwin am Ian ganiad.
Ami un gael aur ymlaen gwlad.
le trym i dylawd dramwy,
teg yw i mi deutu Gwy/^
'^ A resplendent choir of Heaven is in a nook of the river's
bankj
A garden for all minstrels is this.
Abundant is our wine for the sacred song,
Many a one obtains gold in sight of all the land,
a spot delightful for a poor man to traverse,
fair to me are both sides of the Wye."

The following extract is from a poem which is inter-
esting for more reasons than one, It furnishes the
solitary instance of a poem by Huw Arwystli, addressed
to a member of the Clochfaen family, which has been
found elsewhere than in the Ceniarth MS., being taken
from No. 250 of the Collection of W. W. E. Wynne,
Esq., of Peniarth, to whom the writer is indebted for
the kindness of copying it. And it furnishes a con-
temporaneous proof of the correctness of the pedigree
(published in the Archceologia Cambrensis, voL for 1867,
3rd series, p. 27,) of the person to whom it is addressed,
viz. Ehys ab Morys ab Llywelyn of Llangurig, who was
the younger brother of Jenkyn Goch of Clochfaen, and
therefore great uncle of the Four Brothers " of that
ilk." Morys, the son of Llywelyn, and father of Khys,
seems to have been the first of the family to settle in
Mowddwy, having married Mahallt, daughter and
possibly heiress of Howel Mowddwy, Esq. The object
of the poem is to solicit the gift of a horse, which it
would seem, though the passage is somewhat obscure,
was to be ridden by the poet to Arwystli, where he
proposed to apply it in some way, which is not made
apparent, to the payment of his debts. Of the animal

238 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

no more need be said than that, to judge from the
qualities of shape, speed, mettle, and trotting and leap-
ing powers ascribed to him by the bard, he might have
shamed all competitors in the hunting-field, if he could
now be brought out for a day with the Cheshire, or
with Sir Watkin. Surely the bards must have deemed
themselves seised of some poetical copyhold, entitling
them to claim as a heriot for their verse the very pride
of the stable.

Cywydd I Rys ap Morys ap Llewelyn o 'n Clochfaen ym
Meo Cueig, I ofyn maech.

Y Hew tr braf oil o 'r brig,
Brau a gerir bro Girig.
Braich a chledd, amgeledd gwlad,
Rhys, aer Forys, ir fyriad.
Wyr Llywelyn, dir yn rhodd,
Penaeth gw^r, pwy ni 'th garodd ?
Gwr yn ara', od aeth grym, ydwyd,
Glan fettel Hew How el Llwyd.
0 'r ach Benwyn wych benaeth,
Natur ir ynot yr aeth ;
Llwythau ^r gwydd pob lleithigaur,
Gwaed Trefawr yn goed ben aur ;
Gwaed Pbilip iwrsib aeth
Fychan, tarian anturiaeth.
O Gydewen gwiw dywys
Llwyth Blaenau trasau it', Rhys ;
Tref a gwlad marchnad am Wy,
Aig meddiant Howel Mawddwy.
Dy briod eigyr obrwyawl,
Ammhech/ a gyd ffydd a mawl ;
Lloer Siancyn, tryff i 'n at ras,
Nid o wr a hardder ei hurddas ;
Wyr Rhys Llwyd hardd i fardd fydd,
0' i law win a Uawenyd.

Teanslation.

Thou lion, brave and vigorous, for thy activity
Art thou beloved by all on the upland.

1 This word is doubtful. As copied from the original it is
" awmech."

THE PARISH OF LLANGURIG. 239

Thine arm and thy sword are thy country's protection,

Khys^ heir of Mor^^s, thou hast a powerful arm.

^ ^ ^ -K- -Sf

Grandson of Llewelyn, unwearied in bounty,

Chieftain of men, by whom art thou not beloved ?

^ -Jf ^ ^ ^

A man of deliberation, when force hath assailed thee,

A lion of Howel Lloyd's pure metal.

A noble chieftain from the race of Benwyn.

An energetic nature hath entered into thee ;

A tribe whose every scion hath a golden seat,

Of the blood of Trevor, a forest of ancient gold.

Of the blood of Philip ....

Fychan, a very shield in daring.

Thy descent, Rhys, is nobly deduced

From the tribe of Blaenau of Cydewen,

From the town and land of merchandise on the Wye,

Is the fount of the possession of Howel of Mowddwy.

Thy bride was a maiden who requited thee,

Faultless in virtue and fidelity.

As from the moon is her favour turned towards us.

Her dignity is not enhanced by that of Jenkyn her father.^

The grandson of Rhys Lloyd will be liberal to the bard.

From his hand come wine and gladness.

The next and last extract is from the last part of
a long poem, in which is related the Legend of S.
Curig, to which it does not seem properly to belong.
The state in fact of the whole of these poems is sug-
gestive of fire, mice, moth, everything in short that
could have rendered the work of the copyist one of
extreme labour and difiiculty. The lines are so genuine
an outburst of love and affection for the spot that, in-
dependently of the other evidence already adduced for
the fact that the birthplace of our bard was in its im-
mediate neighbourhood, the language is so far removed
from the dry conventionalism ordinarily characteristic
of Welsh encomiastic verse, as to have left no room for
doubt, if any had previously existed : —

^ " Rhys was married to Margaret, daughter of Jenkyn ap Rhys
Lloyd of Llangurig," — Arch. Gamh.y 18G7, p. 27.

240 WELSH POETRY, ILLUSTRATIVE OF

" P^le well un plwy' ni ellir,
Plwy' Cirig nid tebyg tir ;

Hiatus of a line and a half.
Fj nhir eisoes, fy nhrysor,
A 'm maes ^d gynt, a^m 'stor,
Fy lluniaeth, a ^m llawenydd,
Fy lies erioed, fy llys rydd,
Fy ami win, fy melyiiaur,
Fry yn mhwrs fy arian a 'm aur ;
Fy llun, fy mhob peth, fy lies,
Fy hoU iechyd, fy Uoclies.
^ -x- -x- -x- .

Llaw Dduw, a 'i barch llwyddo y bydd
Liu ein genedl yn llawn gwinwydd ;
Ni aned neb ond uuwr

o waed Himp y Tanwr.
Canwaith, fel y cae weiniaid,
Yr aeth fry i belp wrth fy rhaid.
Fy lielpu ^n rhydd, rhag dydd dig,

Y ceir carwyr cor Curig :
Na ddont i lawr, ydynt Ian,

Y gair da a gai rodd leuan."

" Nowhere can tliere be a better parish.
There is no land like the parish of Curig.
Long since my own land — my treasure.
My cornfield, and my storehouse in time past.
My maintenance and my joy.
My gain since time began, my free mansion,
My abundance of wine, my yellow gold.
My silver and gold laid up in my purse.
My picture, my profit, my all.
My whole safety, and my retreat.
•5f -Jf ^ -x-

The hand of God, because we revere Him, will prosper
The host of our race, as prolific as the vine ;
Yet not a man, save one, hath been born
A true graft on the blood of the Fire-bearer !
A hundred times, when he knew us to be poor.
Has he come to help me in my need.
My generous helpers, against the day of wrath.
Are the lovers of the choir of Curig.
Let them not be brought low, for they are pure,
'Tis leuan's gifts that bring him good repute.^'

A few remarks may be added in conclusion on the

THE HISTORY OF LLANGURIG. 241

frequent occurrence in these, and most others of the
Welsh poems of the same period, of the blemish in
poetical composition known as confusion of metaphor.
From a comparison of the heroes of the poetry with
oaks or vines, we are stunned by the suddenness and
rapidity with which they appear again as stags, falcons,
eagles, swans, or lions, and this occasionally in the
midst of actions grotesquely incongruous with the re-
presentative qualities of the birds, trees, or quadrupeds
with whose nomenclature they happen to be associated.
In such cases a covert allusion might be suspected to
the science of heraldry, and to the armorial bearings of
the respective families, but this when it happens to
occur is by way of rare exception rather than the rule.
Yet from the high repute attained by the authors of
these apparent monstrosities it would seem that the
literary palate of the contemporary Welsh " public''
was rather tickled than offended by them. The ex-
planation would seem to He in the fact that the sensi-
tiveness of both reciter and recipient became deadened
by constant repetition. The discordant epithets thus
in process of time came to be regarded as synonyms, a
certain number of which appeared necessary to the per-
fection of every panegyric ; and the ideas which would
be naturally appropriate to each figure of speech,
though lost in the outward framework of the words,
were found to be sufficiently suggested to the mind by
a species of mental reservation. As a necessary but
lamentable consequence it was forgotten, in process of
time, that metre and alliteration are but secondary
adornments of poetry, admissible only in strict subor-
dination to originality of conception clothed in appro-
priate imagery. Hence, by a not unnatural transition,
the former in too many instances have been found
gradually to usurp the place of the latter, and at length
to supersede them altogether, while skill in alliterative
consonancy came to be pursued as the end rather than
as a means for the conveyance of poetical force and
beauty. Thus the original play of fancy and imagina-
VOL. \i, . E

242 WELSH POETRY, ETC., OF LLANGUKIG.

tion, for which the Cymric mind had abundantly shown
its capacity in the works of the earlier hards, became
cramped and e^^hausted, until the very existence of the
art became imperilled by its ultimate reduction to the
mere study of alliterative surprises and a paltry play-
ing upon words.

243

AECHAIC WOEDS, PHEASES, ETC., OF
MONTGOMERYSHIEE.

By the Rev. ELIAS OWEIST, B.A.

No. IV.

After the appearance of my last instalment of words,
I received a letter from my friend the Rev. B. Harries
Jones, M.A., vicar of Llanidloes, calling my attention
to the fact that the words I had given as provincialisms
of Montgomeryshire were likewise common in Lanca-
shire. I have no doubt — though I have not the means
of verifying what I now advance — that all, or nearly
all, the words current in Montgomeryshire are likewise
to be heard, though slightly changed, perhaps, in
Cheshire, Lancashire, Westmorland, Cumberland, Dum-
fries, Kirkcudbright, and Wigton, or that they are co-
extensive with the limits of the ancient kingdom of
Strathclyde. I am aware that several of the words
which I have given in my lists are likewise to be found
in various parts of England, and they may be consi-
dered as the lingering remains of a language spoken by
a people having a common origin. I believe it was a
fancy of lolo Morganwg's that all the words ever spoken
in England and Wales by the inhabitants thereof might
still be discovered amongst the people.

But to return to Mr. Jones's letter. It is certainly
singular that the dialects of Lancashire and Montgo-
meryshire should at the present day resemble each
other so strongly. We have only to take Tim Bobbin,
and open any page, and we shall find that these dia-
lects are substantially one. The following sentence

:r2

244 ARCHAIC WORDS, PHRASES, ETC.,

will serve as an illustration : " Well, on if I dunnaw
try thee, titter or latter, ittle be o marvel." Dunnaw,
in Montgomeryshire becomes dunna ; ittle (it will) is the
same in both counties. The above quotation will like-
wise serve to show certain points of dissimilarities be-
tween the speech of both counties. I may, however, say,
that a Montgomeryshire man would immediately un-
derstand the extract just given when spoken by a
Lancashire man. The points of difference are, that on
for a7id, and o for a, become respectively in Montgo-
meryshire an and a; and titter and latter, above used,
are not to be met with in Montgomeryshire. It seems,
though, that an for and is not uncommon even in Tim
Bobbin. I find therein such expressions as the follow-
ing, '' An I con tell thee." In agreement with the
contraction ittle we have thattle (that will) in both
counties. The points of resemblance, though, are really
so many that a paper might be written thereon, and
perhaps in some future number of the Montgomeryshire
Collections such a paper from the pen of one who has
resided in both counties, and who is highly qualified for
such an undertaking, will appear.

Affront, to offend. " I affronted him unknowns" (I
offended him unwittingly).

^' Good my liege,
Your preparation can affront no less
Than what you hear oV

Cymhelinej act iv, scene 3.

Commonly, affront signified confront, face. In this
latter sense it is used in Hamlet.

" That he, as ^twere by accident, may here affront Ophelia.-*^

Hamlet, act iii, scene 1.

And in the same sense it is used by Milton.

'' And with their darkness durst affront his light. ^^

Faradise Lost, book i, 391.

It appears, from Shakspere's unsteady use of the

OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 245

word, that it was in his time employed in the double
sense of to offend and to confront. Piers Plowman
uses the word in the sense of to offend. In Montgo-
meryshire it always carries the meaning which I have
given above.

Aukurt, awkward. " He has an uncommon auhurt
gait." Perhaps oc-kerd represents the sound of this
word better than aukurt.

Affeerd, afraid.

Afore, before. Occasionally this word is shortened
into Tore. *' I can do it 'fore thee."

Bytak, a small farm, generally held with a larger
one by the same tenant. The bytak usually consists of
a few acres of ground with a hovel thereon. The word is
common in Welsh-speaking counties, as well as in the
English-speaking parts of Montgomeryshire.

Backstone, an iron pan upon which oatmeal and
other cakes are baked. A backstone cake is one which
has been baked upon this kind of pan.

Blovjs, blossoms. The flowers of all plants are called
blows. "The wind has blown the apple blows all about."

Cruds, curds. The transposition of letters is not
uncommon.

Cheer, chair. The long sound of e is often used in-
stead of the long sound of a ; as breek for brake.
" Take care that yo dunna breek it." Great, becomes
greet ; and there, theer, etc.

Chop, to remove a thing from one place to another
quickly. " Chop the beesom by the pump and drive
the pig out of the garden in a minute." " Chop yo r
top coat on and run after him."

Crack, a bad tempered person. " He's a reg'lar
crack, hee'd jest as lief strike yo as no."

Childern, children. Another instance of transposi-
tion of letters ; or, perhaps, the word should be childer,
the plural of Anglo-Saxon cild.

Clicket, the latch of a door. The word clicket
seems to be derived from the Welsh word elided, a
door-latch. Clicket is common in Shropshire.

246 ARCHAIC WORDS, PHRASES, ETC.,

Canna and conna are both to be met with as con-
tractions of can not. Canna is current in those parts
of the county where Welsh is not extinct ; and conna
in Enghsh-speaking parishes, particularly along the
borders of Shropshire and Montgomeryshire.

Chohed, to be excessively thirsty. " Tm jest choked,
do give me a drop of water to drink.''

Camp, a trial of strength, a feat. When a person
does an act which he supposes another cannot do, he
challenges him to attempt the same in the following
words : " There's a camp for you." The word camp is
Welsh, in which language it means a contest, a game,
a trick, a feat, a qualification. The twenty-four games
of the Welsh were called campau ; as, gwrawl gampau
(manly feats or qualifications), mabawl gampau (boyish
feats), gogampau (inferior feats). Camp, in the sense
of a friendly contest of rivalry, is still used by the
English speaking people of Montgomeryshire. Even
when no trial of strength takes place, it is employed as
a term of admiration of a person's achievements. It
appears from several writers in Notes and Queries,
that campe, kempe, or hemp is common in the county
of Londonderry, Norfolk, Northumberland, etc. I can-
not say whether any of these writers are aware of the
existence of the word in Welsh. The derivation of
hemp has been discussed in Notes and Queries (4th
series, viii, 264, 357, 444, and in ix, 119). The Eev.
W. W. Skeat, M.A., Cambridge, traces the word
through several European languages, and suggests that
it is of Scandanavian origin. The following is Mr.
Skeat's note : — '' Kemp. This word presents no diffi-
culty, being simply the A. S. camp, Du. hamp, Ger.
hampf, a fight, a contest. The spelling (with an e) sug-
gests that it is, however, of Scandinavian origin ; cf
Sw. hampe, Dan. hcempe, A. S. cempa, a fighter;
whence, through the French, the English word, cham-
pion. The Icelandic has happ, strife ; happi, a cham-
pion. The Cleveland word hemp, to contend, is duly
entered in Atkinson's Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect,

OF MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 247

One writer in Notes and Queries says that hemp is a
common Scotch word. It has a singularly extensive
currency, being found in England, Wales, Scotland,
Ireland, and the northern parts of Eiu-ope.

Chuck, to throw.

Dither, to shake. Applied to the chattering of the
teeth, or shaking of the body from excessive cold.

Daunt, to dishearten.

Duff, dough. The word dough is pronounced so as
to rhyme with gruff, and not as if it rhymed with glow.

Del, deal. " A greet del more nor that."

Enow, enough.

Ess, coal, peat, or wood ashes.

Fiss, ipLJisses, fist, fists.

Gylan, cylan, the bank of a river. ^ He fell over the
gylan into the river."

Hadlan, headland, that part of ploughed fields
nearest the hedges. The breadth of the hadlan is a little
greater than the length of a horse, measuring from the
hedge. It is the space required for the turning of the
horses at the end of the furrows.

Hush, pronounced hoosh, to push.

Hafe, half

Hod, hog, a hole in the gi'ound into which potatoes
are stowed during the winter. Hodding potatoes is
covering them over with earth for winter keep.

Mace, acorn.

Mase, p. tense of the verb to make. " It mase no
matter" (it makes no difference).

Pihgrate, the grate on the top of the ash-hole of a
kitchen fireplace.

Piclates, pikelets, a kind of tea-cake, baked on a pan
and considered as a dainty.

Proffer, to offer.

Pluckin, a twitching ; as in St. Vitus's dance.

Prodigal, proud.

Ratlin, the smallest or last pig in a litter.

Souse, to wet, to dip often in the water.

" Oft soust in swelling Tetley^s saltish teare.^^

Faerie Queene, canto iii, 31.

248 ARCHAIC WORDS, ETC.

Souse, to strike. In the Lincoln Rebellion (1536), to
prevent the suppression of monasteries, a Welsh monk
"' wished he had the king (Henry VIII) on Snowdon,
that he might souse his head against the stones.'*
This word, in the sense of a smart blow, is current in
Shropshire.

. Solar, an upstairs room, the room in a house above
the first floor.

Stall, to be exhausted, to come to a stand from over
exertion. " That horse is stalled on the steep."

Steep, a rising piece of ground, an incline.

Skip, a glance. " I saw it all at a ship."

Steel, stall, the haft of a knife, the handle of a whip.

Trouse. The stems of the potato plant are so called
in the neighbourhood of Llanidloes ; but about Caersws,
eight miles from Llanidloes, potato stems are called
rice, whilst the brushings cut off hedges are called in
and about Caersws, trouse.

Tot, a very small lug. " Mother sent me for a totful
of milk."

Willow, to search carefully. I willoived everywhere
for it, but cudna fine it." Perhaps this word is a cor-
ruption of the Welsh word chwilio, to search. I have
noticed that the Welsh-speaking inhabitants of the
southern parts of the county omit the letter ch when
an initial ; thus, chivech (six) becomes wech, and, in ac-
cordance with this rule, chwilio would become wilio,
and the conversion of wilio into willo, willow, would
thence easily follow.

Whisket, a basket. A word which is common in
Lancashire ; as *'He whoast (heaved) his whisket oer't."
— Tim Bobbin.

Witherwathering, undecided, changeable ; sometimes
inclining to one opinion and then recoiling therefrom,
veering from one extreme to another, in an unsettled
agitated state of mind.

(To be continued.)

249

MISCELLANEA HISTORIC A ;'

THE PUBLIC OFFICEKS OF MONTGOMERYSHIEE,

WITH BRIEF GENEALOGICAL NOTES.

By Rev. W. V. LLOYD, M.A., F.R.G.S.

Miscellanea Historica, 4 James I, l^^^ {continued).

8'cde Jut.

Lodowicus Gwynne de Llanidloes^^ gen.
M^edd ap Owen de Myvod/ gen.
Jenkinus Williams de Llanidloes/ gen.
Joh^es Blayney de Tregynan/ gen.
Thomas Lloyd de Sylvaen, gen.
Evanus David de Clochvaen,^ gen.

^ Continued from vol. iv, p. 292.

2 Lewis Gwynn of Llanidloes was the son of Morgan Gwynn,
sheriff in 1582. He married Mallt, daughter of Lewis ap Howell
ap Evan Goch, and heiress to her brother John, by whom he had
daughters, co-heiresses, viz., Catherine, married to Matthew Price
of Park, aud Lowry, married to David Blayney of Maesmawr, in
Llandinam, one of the coroners for the county. Lowry subsequently
married Lloyd Piers of Maesmawr, in the parish of Guilsfield
(Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 311). Lewis Gwynn was sheriff in 1610,
and a magistrate for the county.

^ Meredith ap Owen married Ales, daughter of Robert Tanat ap
John Tanat ap Evan Lloyd of Abertanat (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p.
277-8).

* See Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 243.

^ John Blayney of Gregynog, in the parish of Tregynon, was the
son and heir of Lewis Blayney, son of David Lloyd Blayney, sheriff
in 1577. He married Elizabeth, daughter of tfenkin Lloyd of Berth-
llwyd. He was sheriff in 1630 and 1643.

^ Evan ap David of Clochfaen was tenth in descent from Madog

250 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Kic^us Evans de Llandynanij gen.

Rictus Slieynfcon de Llanwonog, gen.

Evanus David de Tregastell^ gen.

Jenkinus Mores de Maesmawr, gen.

Owinus David ap Thomas de Keveny Kroesluber^ gen.

Maurice Matthew de Oarneth, gen.

Gruffinus ap Jenkin de Stradyrod (?) gen.

Joh'es ap Edward ap Rees Lloyd de Llanvayre, gen.

Rob^tus David de Hope/ gen.

Names on Grand and other Jury Lists.

Matheus Morris de Kerry, gen.

Jenkinus Mores ap R's de Llanywored/ gen.

Moriceus ap M'edd ap Lewis de Penygelly, gen.

Joh^es Roberts de KyflPronydd, gen.

Riceus ap leun de Gwenawge, gen.

Hoellus ap Stephen de Llangerick, gen.

M^edd ap Howell ap Rees de Manleth, gen.

M^edd Evan de eadem, yom.

Joh'es Powell de Churchstocke, gen.

Jenkinus Mores ap leun Lloid de Glynhaveren, gen.

David ap Rees ap Jenkyn de GlynbrochaUj gen.

Edmundus Lloyd de Mountgom^, gen.

EdVus Tannat de Trewillern/ gen.
Joh^es Wynne de Dolarthyn,* gen.

Danwr, a chieftain of the tribe of Tudor Trevor, who is said to have
obtained a grant of the parish of Llangurig from Gwynwynwyn,
Prince of Powys (HarL MS., 1977, p. 64). Evan ap David mar-
ried a daughter of David Lloyd Blayney of Gregynog, and a sister
of Edward, first Baron Blayney of Castle Blayney, in the county of
Monaghan, by whom he had Rhys Lloyd, the great grandfather of
Jenkin Lloyd of Clochfaen, sheriff in 1713 (See Mont. Coll., vol. ii,
" Parochial Account of Llangurig," and the Golden Grove MSS. in
the Record Office, London, " Clochfaen Pedigree").

1 Robert ap David of Hope, near Worthen, married Catherine,
daughter of David Lloyd ap John Wynne of Garth, ap Griffith ap
Reginald ap Sir Griffith Vaughan, knight banneret (see Cedwyn
MS. under "Yr Hob").

2 See Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 242. He married Elen, daughter of
David Lloyd Jenkin of Clochfaen.

^ Edward Tanat of Trewylan was the eldest son of Geoffirey
Tanat ap leuan Lloy a Vaughan of Abertanat (see Mont. Coll., vol.
iv, p. 151).

^ See " Miscellanea Historica," Moiit. Coll., vol. iv, p. 274, n. 8.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 251

Ed'rus ap David de Trewerne, gen.
Owinus Purcell de FForden^ gen. (Munlin).
Lodovicus ap Cadd'r de Penyarth, gen.
Gruffinus ap leun Goz de Darrowen, gen.
Bic'us Lloyd de Gylflfyld, gen.
Moriceus dd ap leun de Bulcharthyn/ gen.

William Lloyd ap John ap leun de Penyarth^ gen.
Carolus Mores de Llandyssel, gen.
Jollies Lloyd de Mydletowne, gen.

The following^, '' Marian, uxor Arthuri Crowther, geii'os,'^
occurs in Eoll 861, Ministers' Accounts, 43-4 Eliz.

Miscellanea Historica, 7 James I.

Magna Sessio, tent apud Novam Villamy 9 Oct,, 7 James I,
" Rowland FugJie, Ar., Vic.''

Nomina Officiorum et Justic Facisj D'ni Regis Com, p^d.

Thomas Dom's Elsmere, Cancellar Anglie.

Eobertus Comes Salisbury, Thesaurarius Anglie.

Henricus Northampton, Dom^s privat. Sigilli Anglie.

Rad'us Dom's Euro, D'ns Presidens consilii sui Principal, et

Marchie Wallie.
Richardus (Parry), Ep^us Assaphen.
Richardus Lewkenor, miles, Justic Cestr. etc.
Henricus Towneshend, miles, alter Justic Cestr. etc.
Willi'mus Herbert, miles (Powys Castle).
Edwardus Herbert, miles (Montgomery Castle).
Richardus Price, miles (Aberbechan).
Thomas Hanmer, miles.
Richardus Hussey,^ miles (Crigion).

^ Maurice ap David ap leuan ap David ap Howell of Bwlch Aed-
dan, ap Meredith ap David ap Llewellyn ap Trahairn ap Pas^en ap
Gwyn ap GriflB.th ap Beli, Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deud-
dwr, to Brochwel ap Aeddan. Bwlch Aeddan, or the pass of Aed-
dan, in the township of Llanerch Brochwel and parish of Guilsfield,
was doubtless a freehold held by the family of Maurice ap David in
direct descent from the chieftains who gave their names to the pass
and township {Add. MS., 9864, British Museum).

2 See " Miscellanea Historica," Mo7it. Coll., vol. iv, p. 265, n. 4.
*' Maria, relicta Arthuri Crowther, sepult. 19 March, 1622 (Guils-
field Register).

^ The first appearance of Sir Richard Hussey, knight, of Crigion,

252 MISCELLANEA HTSTORICA.

Johannes Herbert/ ar. (Steward of Powys).

Owinus Vaughan, ar. (Llwydiarth) .

Edwardus Price de Newtowne^ ar.

Edwardus Price de Yaynor, ar.

Richardus Leighton, ar. (Gwernygo).

Eowlandus Puglie, ar. (Mathavarn).

Matheus Herbert, ar. (Dolguog).

Mauricius Owen, ar. (Ehiwsaeson).

Jenkinus Lloyd, ar. (Bertbllwyd) .

Thomas Juckes, ar. (Buttington).

WilH'mus Penrhyn, ar. (Rhysnant).

Caddwallader Owen,^ sacra Theologie baccular, ar. (Llan-

vechain).
Carolus Herbert, ar. (Aston).
Lodowicus Gwyn,^ ar. (Llanidloes).
Gilbertus Jones, ar. (Pool).
Rowland Owen, ar. (Machynlleth).
Morganus Glynne, ar. (Glynn e).
Edwardus Price de Kerry,* ar. (Glanmeheli).

on the roll of magistrates. He was the son of Edward Hussey, son
of Richard Hussey of Albright Hussey, in the county of Salop, by
his first wife, Frances, daughter of Edward Chamberlaine of Astley.
He was lord of the manor of Nethergorther, and sherifi" in 1607
(Earl. MS8., Visitation of Salop, No. 1241).

1 The first appearance of John Herbert on the roll of magistrates.
He was probably the third son of Sir Edward Herbert, knight, of
Powys Castle, and brother of Sir William Herbert, knight, created
Baron Powys in 1629 ; to whom he was chief steward for the
barony of Powys (see " Miscellanea Historica," 36 Eliz.)

^ Lewys Dwnn accurately describes him as the fifth son of Owen
ap Evan Vaughan ap Meredith * * to Gollwyn, and as " Kadwala-
der Owen M'r of Arts and Parson of Llan Vechan and Llanbryn-
mair, Justus o Corwm, and Batchelour of Divinity." He was of
Oriel College, and was collated to the rectory of Llanvechan by
Lord Keeper Egerton in the 43 Eliz., 1601 (Mont. Coll., vol. v, p.
240) to the vicarage of Llanbrynmair in 1608. He died in 1617.
He married Blanche, daughter and co-heir of John Roberts, second
son of Robert ap John ap Morris ap Meredith of Y Park in Llan-
frothen. Lewys Dwnn, Visitations, vol. i, p. 279, gives their issue.

^ The first appearance of Lewis Gwynne on the roll of magis-
trates. See " Miscellanea Historica," 4 James I, and note.

* The first appearance of Edward Price of Glanmeheli, in the
parish of Kerry, on the roll of magistrates. He was the son of
Richard ap John ap Meredith ap Rhys ap David Lloyd of Newtown
(see " Elystan Glodrudd Key Chart," Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 398).
He was sheriff" in 1614.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 253

Deposition taken ^^ Apud Churclistocke in com p'd 2 7 die
FFeb. anno Regni D'ni nri Jacobi Dei gra. Anglie, etc., sep-
timo, coram Richardo Leighton et Rico Lloyd, armigeris,
duobus Justic dicti D'ni Regis ad pacem. Signed, '^ Richard
Leighton, ar./^ '^ Richard Lloyd, ar/^^

Deposition taken before '^ffran. Newton, ar/^^ 7 James I.

Chief Stewards of Lordships.

Herbertus Crofte, miles, Capital. Senescall. D'ni Regis d^nii

sui de Kery, Kedewen, Mountgom'y, et Halcetor.
Reginaldus Williams, ar.. Sen. ; Richardo Hussey, Milit., d'nii

sui de Nethergorther.
Joh'es Herbert, ar., Senescall. ; Willi^mo Comit Pembroke, et

Willi^mo Herbert, Milit., d^mii sui de Powys.
Edwardus Lloyd, gen., Senescall. ; Rogero Owen, militi, d'nii

sui de Arustlie.
Edwardus Price, gen., Senescall. ; Rogero Owen, militi, d'nii

sui de Keveliog.
Gilbertus Jones, ar. Senescall. ; Thome Purcell, ar., d'nii sui

de Overgorther.
Willi'mus Penrhyn, ar., Senescall. ; Edwardo Kynaston, gen.,

d'nii sui de Dynas.
Edwardus Watyes,^ ar., Senescall. ; ffrancisco Newport, militi,

d'nii sui de Deythur.
Joh'es Regnold, gen., Senescall. ; Roberti Leighton, ar., d'ni

sui de Balseley.
Edwardus Powell,* gen.. Sen. ; Edwardi Price, ar., d'nii sui

de Tiertreff.
Matheus Price, gen., Maior de Llanydloes.
David Vaughan, art'm magister, Maior de Caersous.
Rowlandus Owen, armiger, Maior de Machynlleth.
Thomas Aldwell et Johannes James, gen'osi, Balli de Mount-

gom'y.
Hugo Price (?) et Rogerus Estop, gen'osi, balli de Pola.
Johannes ap Owen et Robertus Brown, gen'osi, Balli de New-

towne.
David Lloyd et Robertus Meredith, gen'osi, balli de Llanvillinge.

1 Of Harrington, in the parish of Chirbury. He was sheriff in
-1616 (Mont. Coll, voLvi, p. 51).

2 Of Heightley, in the parish of Chirbury, and sheriff in 1595.
^ Of Burway ; afterwards of Leighton, which he purchased.

* He was probably a son of John Powell of Ednop and Vaynor,
by Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Richard ap Edward of Yay-
nor of the tribe of Brochwel (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 285-315).

254

MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Noi'a Inquisidonis Magnce ad Inquirend. pro D'lio Rege pro
corpore com. p'd. (Grand Jury.)
Kowlandus Owen^ ar. ( ? of Willi^mus Herbert, gen.

Gruffinus Lewis, gen.
Ed'rus Lloyd, gen.
Joh'es ap Richard de Wrop-

ton, gen.
Mauricius Rowland de Bettus,

gen.
Humffridus ap Owen de Mach-
anlleth, gen.

ar.

Llunllo).
Thomas Piers, gen.
Thomas ap Humffrey, gen.
Meredith ap Rees, gen.
Thomas Jones, gen.
Ed^rus Wynne, gen.
Rogerus Lloyd, gen.
Owinus Purcell, gen. (Munlin,

Forden.)

Rowlandus Pughe, ar. vie.
Noi'a Inquisidonis Secundce.
David Powell, gen. (Weston.) Ric'us Powell, gen.

Joh'es Price, gen.
Ric'us JAojd, gen.
Thomas ap Mores ap John do,

gen.
Gruffinus ap Edneved/ gen.

(Cemmes.)
Jenkinus Mores, gen.
Thomas David, gen.
Joh'es ap Robert, gen.
•Riceus ap John David ap

Thomas Tannatt, gen. (Coed

Talog.)
Mauricius David ap leun, gen.

(Bwlch Aeddan.)
Evanus David ap Howell ap

John, gen.
Lodovicus ap leun David ap

Owen, gen.
Jenkinus David, gen.

Rowlandus Pugh, Ar. Yic.
Mores, gen.

^' 7 James I. Apud Leighton, coram Carolo Lloyd de Leigh-
ton, ar., uno justic ad pacem Com. (Montgomery) pM venit
Ed'rus Lloyd de fforden, gen.'^

'' 7 James I, 28 Oct. Apud Aberbechan in Com. Montgom.
coram Richardo Pryse, Milit uno Justic, etc.'' A deposition
taken.

7-8 James I. Roll, No. 862, Minister's Accounts, the fol-
lowing occur : —

Rector, de Llanvair. Compus Edwar. Herbert, Mi'ts ffirmar.
ibm.

" Thomas Lloyd ap Edward de Yarchoell^ (Gaervawr), in
poch de Guilfield, gen'os."

^ His will dated in 1616. See " Sheriffs of Montgomeryshire,"
Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 374. The Harl. MS., 1936, fo. 17, et seq.,
styles him of " Glyntwywyn in Kemmaes," and marries him to
" Margt V. Griff Kyffin of Coed Coch ap Rich. Kyffin of Bodfach."

2 See "Miscellanea Historica," Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 321, n. 4.
His wife Ann was buried on the 30th of May, 1597 (Guilsfield
Register).

I PUBLIC OFFICERS. 255

Eector. Llanloiighayron. Compus Edri Price, gen'os, FFir-
ar. ibm.

Eector. Berriew et Bettws. Compus The. Purcellj ar. FFir-
mar ibm.

Churchstocke et Hussington. Compus Joh^es MiddletoUj
•gen^os, FFirmar.

Miscellanea Historica, 8 James 1.
Noi'a Jut. Magna,

Rowland Pugh de Matlia- Joh'es David ap Rees, gen,

varne, ar. David ap Owen ap Howell Goz/

Rowland Pugh de Doleycors- gen. (Llanwyddelan.)

ley, gen. Joh'es Lloyd, gen.

Ed'rus ap Thomas, gen. Thomas ap Edmund, gen.

JoVes Vaughan, gen. GruflBnus DD ap John, gen.

Ed'rus Wynne, gen. Thomas ap Mores ap John,

Owinus Purcell, gen. gen.

Humffrus Lloyd, gen. Rictus David de Machenlleth,

Morgan ap John ap Ric'dd, gen.

gen. Rowlandus Owen, Ar. Yic.

Noi^a Jut, S'cde.

Ri'cus Lloyde de Marrington,^ WilPms Herbert, gen.

ar. Joh'es ap RoVt, gen.

M'edd ap Owen de Mayne,^ Ed'rus Lloyd de Garewaur*

gen. gen.

^ See Lewys Dwnn's Visitation of Wales, under " Llanwyddlan,"
vol. i, p. 308, for his ancestry. He was on the grand jury 41 Eliz.,
and as " David ap Owen ap Hoell Goz de Llanwithelan, gen." 36
Eliz.

2 Richard Lloyd, of Harrington, in the parish of Chirbury, was
sheriff in 1616. Allport (see below), is that part of the Harrington
estate which extends over the border line into Hontgomeryshire.

^ Heredith ap Owen ap Meredith ap Llewelyn ap Tudor ap
Meredith ap Griffith Lloyd ap Llewelyn Voelgrwn, descended
from Bleddyn ap Cynvyn, Prince of Powys. Llewelyn Yoelgrwn,
like his descendant Heredith, was seated at Hain, in the parish of
Meivod, and his arms were argent, a lion passant sahle, within a
bordure indented, gules. Heredith ap Owen married Ales, daughter
of Robert Tanat of Blodwel, ap John Tanat ap Evan Lloyd of
.Abertanat (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 277-8, and note.)

* Edward Lloyd was the eldest son of Thomas Lloyd ap Edward,
of Gaervawr, in the parish of Guilsfield. The Guilsfield Register
gives the baptisms of his brothers and sisters, viz.: Thomas ap

256 MISCELLANEA HLSTORICA.

Thomas Peers de Kerry^ gen. Rictus apleuan deHudan, gen.

Ric'us Morgan, gen. Ed'rus ap leun de Pentirohe,

Rogerus Lloyd, gen. gen.

Thomas ap Rees ap Hughe, Thomas David de Yarchoell,

gen. gen.

WiUi'ms Rob'te de Domgay, Johes ap Hughe ap John, gen.

gen. Rowlandus Owen, Ar. Yic.
Moricius Jones, gen.

* ^^ 7 December, 8 James I, 1610. Apud Allporte in Com.
Mountgom^y, coram Richardo Lloyd, ar. The examination of
Richard Anthony, taken before Richard Lloyd, esq^r., one of
the justices of the peace for the county of Mountgomery.^^

Miscellanea Histoeica, 9 James I, 1611.

Magna Sessio tent aj)ud Polam, 21 October j 9 James I.

Summons thereunto endorsed, '' Rowlandus * Ar. Vic."

Noi^a Justic jpacis. (roll torn off to)

Rictus Hussey, mil. (Criggion).

Owinus Vaughan, ar. (Llwydiarth).

Ed'rus Price de Newtowne, ar.

RobHus Leighton, ar. (Wattlesborough and Bausley).

Ed'rus Price de Vaynor,^ ar.

Ric'us Leighton, ar. (Gwernygo).

Rowlandus Pugh, ar. (Mathavarn),

Matheus Herbert, ar. (Dolguog).

Moricius Owen, ar. (Rhiwsaeson).

Jenkinus Lloyd, ar. (Berthllwyd).

Thomas Juckes, ar. (Buttington).

Willi'mus Penryn, ar. (Rhysnant).

Cadd'er Owen, sacr. Theolog. Baccul. (Llanvechain).

Charolus Herbert, ar. (Aston).

Thomas ap Edward Lloyd, 20th January, 1580 ; Prancis, 20th
January, 1582; Jeffrey, 4th April, 1585; Robert, 13th January,
1596 ; Bridget, 10th August, 1533. Joan, daughter of Thomas
Lloyd ap Edward, was buried at Guilsfield, 25th March, 1577.
(See " Miscellanea Historica," 7 James I.) He was sixth in
descent from Sir Grriffith Yaughan, knight banneret of Garth, in
Guilsfield.

^ He was the son of Arthur Price, of Yaynor, sheriff in 1578, by
the Lady Bridget Bourchier, daughter of John Bourchier, fourth
Earl of Bath. He appears this year as steward of the manor of
Tiertrief, to his relative, the Hon. Lady Susan Bourchier.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 257

Lodowicus Gwynne, ar. (Llanidloes).
Gilbertus Jones, ar. (Pool).
Rolandus Owen, ar. (Llunllo).
Ric'us Lloyd, ar. (Harrington).
Morganus Glynne, ar. (Glynn).
Ed'rus Price, ar. (Glanmeheli) .

David Blayney et Joh'es Lloyd, gen^osi, Coronat.
David Powell, ar., Escaetor (Weston).

CJiief Stewards of Lordships^ same as 7 James J, exce2}t
Thomas Juckes, ar.. Cap. Sen; Willi'mo Comit Pembroke

et Willi^mo Herbert, milit., d'nii sui de Powys.

Ed'rus Price, ar., Sen'lus ko. d ne Susane Bourchier, d'ni

sui de Tyertref.

A warrant, dated 11 May, '9 James I, and addressed by
Richardus Lewkenor, miles, to the Vic. Com. Mountgom'y,
and endorsed " Rowlandus Owen, Ar. Yic.'^

A letter dated 15 Sept., 16ll, from Sir Eichard Leukenor,
knight, addressed to Rowland Owen as high sheriff of Mont-
gomeryshire.

Noi'a Inquis Magn-a,
Jenkin Lloyd, ar.
M'edd ap Owen de Mayne, gen.
Hic'us Price de Newtowne,^ gen.
Rictus Derwas de Penrhyn,^ gen.

^ Richard Price was the third son of John Price, of Newtown,
sheriff in 1586, and the younger brother of Edward Price, of New-
town, on the roll of couuty magistrates for this year, and sheriff
in 1615.

2 Richard Derwas, of Penrhyn Vechan, in the hundred of
Deythur, was sixth in descent from Sir Grif&th Vaughan, knight
banneret. Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deythur. He was the
son of Hugh Derwas, of Penrhyn (ap John ap Owen ap Griffith ap
Reginald of Garth ap Sir Griffith Vaughan). He is probably
identical with " Ricus Derwas de Penrhos, gen.," foreman of a
jury in the 39th Eliz. His uncle, " Ricus Derwas, ar." (ap John ap
Owen), was second on the grand jury, and escheator for the county
in the 80th Eliz. The latter married Margaret, daughter of
Geoffrey Penrhyn, chief steward of Bausley, to Edward Leighton
of Wattlesborough, in the 13th Eliz,, by whom he had John
Derwas. Hugh (ap "William ap John) Derwas, of Penrhos, left
two daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, living in 1700, who as co-
heiresses alienated the estate. Griffith ap John Derwas, of New

VOL. VI. ' S

258 MISCELLANEA HISTORIC A.

Rob'tus FFrancis de Trewerne, gen.
Ricus Morgan de Llandyssyll, gen.
Matheus Mores, gen.
Rogerus Lloyd de Rliandyr, gen.
Humffrus Lloyd de Llanvayre,^ gen.
Thomas Mores ap John Dwe, gen.
Joh'es Cadd'r ap Gruff, gen.
Willim's RoVts de Domgay, gen.
Joh'es ap Edward ap Rees Lloyd, gen.
Rictus Wynne de Llanwothyn, gen.
Moriceus Jones de Llandynam, gen.
Rowlandus Owen, Ar. Vic.

Jut. magna Tnquis. S^cde.

Edwardus Lloyd de ffynnant, gen.
Edwardus Herbert de Kemes,^ gen.
M^edd ap Owen de Mayne, gen.
Thomas, ap HumfFrey de Aberfrwdlan,^ gen.
Jenkinus David de Llangerick,* gen.
David Jones de Llanwthin, gen.
Owinus Purcell de Monlyn, gen.
Jenkinus Mores de Maesmawr,^ gen.

Chapel, married Catherine, daughter of David Tanat, of Tredder-
wen, by whom he had the Rev. Richard Derwas, Vicar of Meivod,
and John Derwas, living in 1700. (Add. MSS.f 9864-5, under
" Derwas of Llandrinio.")

^ Humphrey Lloyd, of Llanvair, in Caereinion, was the second
son of David ap Meredith ap David Lloyd ap David ap Meredith.
The latter was sixth in descent from Sulien ap Caradoc, Arch-
deacon of Powys in 1202, and the common ancestor of the Neuadd-
wen family, the Williams' of Dolanog, and others. Meredith
Lloyd, elder brother of Humphrey Lloyd, married Mary, daughter
of David Pryse (ap Rhys ap John ap David), lord of the manor of
Llanllygan, but left no issue. {Cedwyn MS., under " Llanfair.")

2 "Edward Herbert, of Kemmes, gent.," appears as a party to
a deed bearing date 16th April, 9 James I. {Ex. inf., W. W. E.
Wynne, Esq., of Peniarth.)

^ Thomas ap Humphrey, of Aberfrwdlan and Abergwidol, ap
Hugh apEvan, of Mathavam,is said (Harl. MS., 1936, commencing
at fo. 17), to have married " Katherine v. Jo'n Herbert, of Mach-
ynlleth (? Cemmes), fil. old (? Sir) Richard Herbert, of Mon'-
gom'y."

4 See Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 237.

^ Jenkin ap Maurice ap Owen, of Maesmawr, in the parish of
Llandinam, was fifteenth in descent from Aleth, Prince of Dyved.
His father is probably identical with '* Moriceus Owen de Arrw-

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 259

Lodowicus M'edd de Kelliber issa, gen.

Joh'es Lyngen de Bettus^ gen.

Owinus Blayney de Beriewe^ gen.

Edwardus Lloyd de Gaervawr, gen.

Moriceus David ap leun de Bulcharthon, gen.

Joh^es Cadd'r de Myvod, gen.

Joh'es ap Edward ap Bes Lloyd de Llanvair, gen.

Names on the listj hut not of the Grand Jury.

Joh'es Mydleton de Churchstock, gen.
Eic'us ap leuan de Hudan/ gen.
M'edd Lloyd de Brynellen_, gen.
Eob'tus Thomas de Llangynowe, gen.
Joh'es DD ap Owen de Llanwythellen, gen.
Morris Williams de LlanVrochwell, gen.

Recusants presented at the Assizes, 24 Oct., 9 James I,
luithin the jpHshe of Poole.

Imprimis. Dame Mary Herb't, widowe.

Jonett vch Hughe^ widowe.

Thomas Harb't, gent., and Dorothy his wif.

Winifred Herb't.

Marie Drap', widowe.

Richard ap William and Jocosa his wife.

Grace, the wiefe of Anthonie Bayly.

The widow Woodward.

Presented by us, William Greene, John Brasier, wardens of
the said p'ishe.

9-10 James I, in Roll 865, Ministers' Accounts, the follow-
ing occur —

*' Capella de FForden. Compus Georgii Harris, ar., FFir-
mar. ibm.

strad, gen.," on the grand jury 35 Eliz. The latter married Ellen,
daughter of David, of Glasgrug, in Cefn-yr-Hafodau, ap Evan
Gwynn ap Jenkin, and Evan Gwynn married Catherine, daughter
of Jenkin Goch, of Clochfaen. Jenkin Maurice, by Margaret,
daughter of David ap Harry, of OerfTrood (see his pedigree in
Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 305), had " David Morris, ar.," on the roll
of county magistrates, 3 Charles I., who, by Martha, daughter of
Jenkin Lloyd, of Berthllwyd, sheriff in 1606, had " Thomas Morice,
ar.," on the roll of magistrates in 16 Charles I (see Mont. Goll.y
vol. iii, p. 234, and Lewys Dwun, vol. i, pp. 282-3).

^ Richard ap Jeuan ap Richard, of Hydan, married Jane,
daughter of David (ap Rhys ap John ap David), lord of the manor
of Llanllygan, on the grand jury 39 Eliz.

260 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

" Capella de Churchstocke. Compus Doretlice Penne, vid.,
FFirmar. ibm."

Miscellanea Historica, 10 James I, 1612.

A writ addressed to the Sheriff of Montgomeryshire, dated
17th Oct., 10 James 1, and endorsed " William Herbert,
miles, vie." The latter addressed a letter, dated 28th June,
11 James I, to Sir Eichard Lewknor, Knight, and Henry
Townshend, Knight, Chief Justices of Chester. Signed '' Wil-
liam Herbert^ Knight, Sherief."

Noia Inq. Magn. [Orand Jury.)

Eic'us Loyd de Marrington, ar.
Ed'rus Pughe de Curabyghan, gen.
Ed'rus Tannatt de Trewellan,^ gen.
Eob'tus Lloyd de Haughton/ gen.
Thomas Morres de Llandynam,^ gen.

* Edward Tanat, of Trewylan, was the son of Galfridus or
Geoffrey Tanat, a younger brother of Thomas Tanat, of Abertanat,
sheriff in 1570 (see Mont. Coll. vol. iv, p. 151).

2 Eobert Lloyd, of Haughton, in the parish of Llandisilio, was
the son of Griffith ap David (ap Owen ap David ap Meredith), of
Haughton, and of Trewylan, in the parish of Llansaint-ffraid, eighth
in descent from David Llwd. Eobert Lloyd married Catherine,
daughter of David Lloyd ap Meredith. His father was twice mar-
ried ; first, to Gwen, daughter of Grifl&th Yaughan ap David ap
Griffith ap Eichard ap Einion, of Whittington, by whom he had
Janet, who married Hugh ap Eichard ap Griffith ap Meredith ap
David Lloyd (lord of half Broniarth), ap Jeuan ap Griffith ap
Madoc ap Gwenwys ; Mawd, who married Jeffrey Tanat, jure
uxoris of Trewylan (Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 151j ; Margaret, who
married Eobert Penel, and afterwards Griffith ap Griffith Dai
Lloyd ; secondly, to Margaret, daughter of Thomas ap Llewelyn,
seventh in descent from Eirid ap Cadwgan, by whom he had
Eobert Lloyd above, Geoffrey Lloyd, and Gwgan Lloyd. " Eobtus
Lloyd de Dewthor, gen.," was on the grand jury, 19, 21 and 29
EHz., and " Galfrus Lloyd, gen.," in 22 and 26 Eliz. David ap
Owen ap DD. ap Mered. had a grant of a lease of " Court Calde-
more " from John ap Pierce Porter, Prior of Chirbury Priory,
18th Feb., 8 Hen. YlII {Mont. Coll., vol. vi, p. 106).

^ Thomas Morris (ap Maurice ap David ap leuan, or Evan),
married Audrey, daughter of Eoger Lloyd, of Talgarth, and was
deputy sheriff to Eichard Lloyd, of Marrington, sheriff in 1616.
His father, " Mauriceus David ap Jeun de Llandynam, gen.," was
on the grand jury 28 Eliz. and previous years. (Lewys Dwnn,
vol. i, p. 303).

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 261

Hoell ap Richard de Hurdley, gen.

Thomas Gruff de Penycastell, gen.

Thomas Lloyd de Sylvayne, gen.

Joh'es ap Edward ap Ks Lloyd de Llanvayre, gen.

Anthonis Scarlette de Trewerne, gen.

David ap leun DD ap DD de FFenyarth^ gen.

Eob^tus ap Robert de Trewerne, gen.

Thomas ap David de Varchoell, gen.

Thomas ap John DD ap GwilHm de Llanbrynmayer, gen.

Philippus ap Richard de Llandynam, gen.

Rob^tus Tudd. de Garthbibeo, gen.

Noia S'cde Inquis.

Ed'rus Price de Vaynor, ar.
Rogerus Lloyd de Rhandir, g^^-
Joh'es Price de Penniarthe,^ gen.
Rictus Lloyd de Trevenante, gen.
Joh^es Lingen de Bettus, gen.
Joh'es Gruff, ap Owen de Cume, gen.
Joh^es Robots de Kevronyth, gen.
Humff. Gruff, de Bronnyarth/ gen.
Gruff. DD ap John de Llanvehangell, gen.
Willim's ap Owen de eadem, gen.
Riceus Wynne de Llanwoothyn/ gen.
Thomas ap Morris ap John Dwye, gen.
Watkinus David de Llanvihangell, gen.
Rogerus Edwards de fforden, gen.
leun DD ap Thomas de Gwenohewe, gen.
Joh'es ap Hugh bedowe de Bronyarth, gen.

^ William, son of John Price ap Owen, of Peiiiarth, married
Elen, daughter of Maurice Owen, of Rhiewsaeson, sheriff in 1612.
(Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 298. Earl. MS. 1936, under "Y
Fachwen.")

2 Humphrey Griffiths, of Broniarth, was the son of Griffith ap
Morris ap Llewellyn ap Evan ap David Lloyd (living 7 June
7 Henry IV, 1406), ap David Aber. His mother, Catherine, was
the daughter and co-heir of Hugh Lloyd, of Broniarth, ap David
ap Matthew ap Cadwallador ap Owen ap Meyrick ap Pasgen, ap
Gwyn ap Griffith, lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deythur. By
his wife Maud, daughter of Owen ap Evan ap Morris Gethin of
Broniarth, he had " Brochwell filius Humfredi Griffith, baptz, fuit
secundo die Aprilis, an'o 1594." (Guilsfield Register.) " Barbara
filia Brochwell Griffiths, gen., bap. 24 Oct., 1680." (lb.) His
descendant, Brochwell Griffiths, of Broniarth, was sheriff in 1719.
(Earl. MS. 9864-5.)

^ He married Ann, daughter of Robert Wynn, of Glynn. (Lcwys
Dwnn, vol. i, p. o21.)

262 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

On the list, hut not of the Grand Jury.

Kowlandus Pughe de Matha- Jasperus ap Hughe de Ehe-

varne, ar. teskyn/ gen.

Johe'sYaughaiideLlyssynjar. Rogems Gruff, de Tyermy-

Ric'us Rocke/ ar. nech, gen.

Morgan Glynne, ar. Ed^rus ap David de Trewerne,

Gruffinus Pughe de Doleyvo- gen.

neye^ ar. Joh^es Edwards de Castell-

Thomas ap Humffrey de Llan- wright/ gen.

wooryn, gen. Rictus ap Hughe ap Harry de

Ed'rusHerbertde Kernes, gen. Llanvilhnge, gen.

Willim's Rob'ts de Domgey, Willim^s Price de Llanllygan/

gen. gen.

Joh'es Corbette de Trevenan- Rictus Morgan de Broniwoyd,

ney, gen. gen.

Joh^es Pughe de Kemes, gen. Joh^es ap Matthewe de Llan-

Ed^rus ap Thomas de Hendre- gynowe, gen.

heane, gen.^ Rogerus Lloyd de Gayer-

vawre, gen.

^ He was of Trefnanney and Shrewsbury, and Sheriff in 1620.

2 He was the son of " Thomas ap John ap Mores de Hendre Heane
(Guilsfield), gen.," on the grand jury 38th Ehz., tenth in descent
from Griffith ap Beh, lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deythur, by
Catherine, daughter of Walter Hockleton, of Hockleton, in the
parish of Chirbury, by his wife Margaret, daughter of John Wynn
of Broughton, ap Reginald of Garth. Edward ap Thomas married
Mary, daughter of Humphrey ap John Wynn of Garth. {Cedwyn
MS. under " Hendre Hen.")

^ Jasper ap Hugh, sixth in descent from Griffith Deuddwr, mar-
ried Ales, daughter of Humphrey ap John Wynn of Garth, by
Joyce, daughter of Humphrey Lloyd, of Leighton, sheriff in 1541,
by whom he had 1, Thomas Pugh, who married a daughter of John
WiUiams, of Winnington, and Jane, daughter of Oliver Lloyd, of
Leighton; 2, Edward; 3, Griffith; 4, Edmund. {Cedwyyi M8., under
"More descendants of Gruffydd Deuddwr.) He appears as " Jasp'
ap Hugh ap Gruff., gen.," on the grand jury 23 Ehz. ; and as
" Jasperus ap Hugh de Redeskyn, gen.," in the 29th Eliz.

* John Edwards was the son of Edward ap Howell, descended
from Sir Robert ap Madoc, knight, by Elen, daughter of Pierce
ap Edmund Middleton, of Middleton, in the parish of Chirbury.
He married Margaret, daughter of Robert ap Thomas Ireland, by
whom he had Samuel Edwards, Richard Edwards, and Hugh
Edwards. (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 323, under " Edwards of Castell
Trynn.")

^ William Price was lord of the manor of Llanllygan. He was
the son of David ap Rhys ap John ap David of Llanllygan, on the
grand jury 39 Eliz., by Catherine, daughter of John ap Thomas ap

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 263

22 Jan. 10 Jas. I. A.pud Mathavarn. A deposition taken
before Eowland Pugh, esq'r._, one of his Matties Justices of the
peace of the said county.

24 Dec. 10 Jas. I. Apud Llanvechan. A deposition taken
coram Cadd'ero Owen in Sacra Theolog. Baculo uno Justic.
etc.

4 Feb. 10 Jas. I. Apud Allportt. A deposition taken
cora Ric'o Lloid, ar.^ uno Justic. pacis com. Mount'y. Signed,
Eich. Lloydj ar.

The sheriffs^ file of 10 James I contains many good auto-
graphs of public officers.

Miscellanea Histoeica, 11 James I, 1613.

Magna Session tent apud Novam Villam, 23 May, 11 James T.
'^ Edwa.rd Frice, Ar. Vic,'^

Nomin/Jb Ministro'm Dn'i Regis Com. p'd (Montgomery).

Nomina Justic. Pacis Dn'i Regis Com. pd.

Thomas D^ns Ellsmer^ Cancell. Anglicj etc.

Henricus Comes North^ton^ Gustos privat' Sigilli.

Radius D^ns Eure p'sedens Consilii D'ni Regis infra prin-

cipalitat' sui M^chie Wallie.
Ric'us Ep'us Assaph.
Rictus Lewknor, miles, et Henricus Towneshend, miles,

Justic. Cestr., etc.
Willimus Herbert, miles (Lord Powis).
Edwardus Herbert, miles (Lord Herbert of Chirbury).
Ric'us Price, miles (Gogerddan).
Thomas Hanmer, miles.
Rictus Hussey, miles (Griggion).
Ric'us Baker, ar.

Owinus Yaughan, ar. (Llwydiarth).
EdVus Price de Nova Villa, ar.
Rob'tus Leighton, ar. ( Wattlesborough) .
EdVus Price de Vaynor, ar.
Rictus Leighton, ar. (Gwernygo).
Roland Pughe, ar. (Mathavarn).

Rhys ap David, lord of Llanllygan. William Price by Jane, daughter
of William Whittingham, had a son, David Price, who was lord of
the manor of Llanllygan in the 3rd Charles I, and married Bridget,
daughter of Edward Price of Gunley. (Add. M8S. 9865, British
Museum.)

264 MISCELLANEA HISTORIC A.

Mauricius Owen, ar. (Rhiwsaesou).

Jenkinus Lloyd, ar. (Berthllwyd).

Thomas Jucks, ar. (Buttington) .

Willimus Penryn, ar. (Rhysnant).

Cadd'r Owen Sac. Theolog. Bacc. (Llanvechan).

Joh'es Vauglian,^ ar. (Llyssyn).

Carolus Herbert, ar. (Aston).

Lodowicus Gwyn, ar. (Llanidloes).

Gilbertus Jones, ar. (Pool).

Rolandus Owen, ar. (?LlQnllo).

Rictus Lloyd, ar. (Harrington).

Morganus Glynn, ar. (Glynn).

Rictus Rocke, ar. (Salop).

David Blayney et Randulphus Parry, gen'osi, Coronat. D^ni
Regis com. p'd. "

Ed'rus Lloyd, ar., escaetor, D^ni Regis com. p'd.

Deposition ^' coram Edwardo Price, ar., uno Justic. pacis,
etc., venit Artliurus Jones de Garthmyll in com. pred. gen'os.
6 March, 11 James I.''

^aO Nov. 1613. Edw. Kynaston of Hordley, Esq., grants
a lease of a meadow in Pool, called Dole-y-Chirgan, to John
Brown.'' (Schedule of Kynaston papers).

Miscellanea Histokica, 14 James I, 1616.

Magna Sessio, tent a/pud Polam, 30 Sejot., 14 James I. Sum-
mons thereto from Sir Thomas Ghamherlayne, Knight,
Chief Justice of Chester. Endorsed y

Rich. Lloyd, Ar. Vic.

Inquis. Magna.

Rowlandus Pughe de ]\^athavarne, ar.
Ed'rus Herbert de Kernes, gen.
Ric'us Price de Nova Villa, gen.
Thomas ap HumfFrey de Llanwrin, gen.
Joh'es Owen de Dolarthin,^ gen.

^ John Yaughan was probably the eldest son of Owen ap John ap
Owen Vaughan of Llwydiarth. He married Margaret, sister of
Edward, first Lord Herbert of Chirbury, and was entered of the
Middle Temple in 1606. He probably died without issue. He was
on the grand jury list of the previous year.

^ John Wynnap Owen of Dolarddyn was twelfth in descent from
Griffith ap Beli, lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deuddwr. He

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 265

Tboraas Peers de Kerry, gen.

Griffinus Lloyd Lewis de Llanvillinge,^ gen.

Rogerus Griffith de Tirymynich,^ gen.

Ric'us ap Hugli ap Harry de Llanvillinge, gen.

Howel Jones de Penstrowed, gen.

M/dd Pavid ap leun de Dwyriwe/ gen.

Riceus Wynne de Llanwothin, gen.

Ric'us Powell de Brinkamiserj gen.

EdVus ap Hugh de Trewerne, gen.

Carolus Griffith de Kilcoran, gen.

Names on the list, hut not of the Grand Jury.

David Powell de Weston, gen.

Roger Lloyd de Rhandir, gen.

Ed'rns ap Thomas de Hendrehen, gen.

Humffridus Lloyd de Llanvair, gen.

Ric'us Lloyd de Trefnant, gen.

Ed'rus Mores de Coome Erie, gen.

Griffinus Bynnar de Nant Michied,^ gen.

married Mawd, daughter of Howell Vaughan of Coed Talog, ap
Owen ap John Yaughan of Llwydiarth, and Lucy, daughter of John
Wynn ap Reynold ap Sir Griffith Vaughan. By Lucy he had Ga-
briel Wynn, who married Anne, daughter of Edward Piers of Cres-
sage and Maesmawr, barrister-at-law, and Elizabeth, daughter and
heiress of Griffith Lloyd of Maesmawr, sheriff in 1581. (Lewys
Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 293, and Cedwyn MS. under " Dolard-
dun"). See also Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 317, n. 4.

^ Griffith Lloyd of Bodvach, in the parish of Llanfyllin, ap Lewis
ap David, was seventh in descent from Madoc Kyffin. His grand-
father David ap William married Lowry, daughter and heiress of
John ap Jenkin of Bodvach, descended from Celynin of Llwydiarth.
By Margaret, daughter of William Penrhyn of Rhysnant a[) Llew-
ellyn ap Humphrey Penrhyn, Griffith Lloyd had William, who as-
sumed the surname of Kyffin, and was the father of John Kyffin of
Bodvach. (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 307, Harl. MSS. 9864-5.)

2 See Lewys Dwnn's Visitation, under " Tir y Mynych, Cegidva,"
vol. i, p. 306.

^ Meredith (ap David ap Evan) of Dwyryw, in the parish of Ma-
navon, was twelfth in descent from Cynvelyn ap Dolphyn, who
appears as fourth lay witness to Owen Cyfeiliog's charter, founding
the Abbey of Strata Marcella in 1170. His mother was Margaret,
daughter of William Herbert of Park, sheriff in 1569. His son
John Meredith married Eleanor, daughter of Griffith Kyffyn of Cae
Coch, by whom he had David, and Catherine married to Rowland
Meredith of Groft. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 285.

^ His descendants are thus given in Harl. MS. 1936, " Glan

266 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Joh'es Penrhyn de Llandrinio/ gen.
Ed^rus Walters de Bawsley, gen.
Ed^rus ap David de Trewerne, gen.
Eic^us M'fin de Hetty gunvach^ gen.
Kic'us Beamond de Bacheldre, gen.
Joh^es Herbert de Keven Penarth, gen.
Joh'es Humffrey de Brinlalch, gen.
David Jones de llanwthin,, gen.

Edwardus Mores et JoVes Bythell, gen'osi, balli de Mount-
gom'y.

" Tho's Thompson, Kector, ecclia de Mountgomerie/' signed
to a petition.

Deposition ^^ taken at Criggion, 17 July, 1616, before Sir
Richard Hussey, Knight, Justice of the peace for the said
county" (Montgomery).

14 James I. In Roll 869 of Ministers' Accounts the follow-
ing occur —

" Ed'm Crowther nu'p de Gilfielde, gen'os."

" Humfrid. Lloyd de Greate Heme, gen'os.'^

" Randulphus Lloyd de eadem."

" Matthew Herbert, ar. de Talyglandy scituat. in poc'h de
Kemes."

Meichiad. Llanfihangell. John Bynyr ap W'm Bynyr ap Gr.
Bynyr, married Margt. v. John Trevor ye old of Pentre Kyn'ick."
His daughter " EHzabeth f h." married " Edd. Edd's son of W'm
Edd's of Llanfihangell yn Gwynfa. Rogerus Moston ar. et Sydneus
Bynner, gen. Balli de Llanvillinge in 14 Charles II, 1662. The
oldest monument in the church of Llanrhaidr-yn-Mochnant thus
records his death : " Sidneus Bynner gen., oh. 1694, aet. 70."

We find the following records of the family.

*' lohes Bynner et Thomas Griffiths, gen'osi. Ball, de Llanvil-
linge 24 Charles I, 1648."

" John Bynner of Nanthmeiched, gen.," appears on a grand jury
list in 1654.

Owinus Bynner de * appears on the grand jury list for the
hundred of Llanfyllin, 15 Charles II, 1663.

" Gaynor Byner," baptized in 1654 (Llanfyllin Register).

^ John Penrhyn of Llandrinio was the son of Edward Penrhyn
ap Jefirey Penrhyn (steward of Bausley, 13 Eliz.) ap Owen ap
Griffith ap Llewellyn Penrhyn. By Catherine, daughter of William
Owen, John Penrhyn had a son, Roger Penrhyn of Llandrinio, who
married Elizabeth, daughter of " Edrus ap Thomas de Hendrehen,
gen." above. (ifarZ. i¥6'^., 9864-5).

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 267

Miscellanea Historica, 15 James I, 1617.

A file of warrants issued to the Sheriff of Montgomeryshire.
Endorsed, Rich. Lloyd, Ar. Vic., 5 Oct., 14 James I. Passed
on to the next sheriff^ for execution, and endorsed ^^Edw. FFoxe,
Miles, Vic.''

Magna Sessio, tent apud Mountgom'y, 2 June, 15 James I.

Noi'a Inq. Magna.

Joh'es Blayney de Tregynon/ ar.

Rictus Price de Newtowne, gen.

Gruffinus Lloyd Lewis de Llanvillinge, gen.

Rictus Bedmond de Bacheldre, gen.

David Powell de Weston, gen.

Joh'is Price de Penniarth, gen.

Ed'rus Ockley de Bacheldre, gen.

Rowlandus Lloyd de Bronyoodj gen.

Thomas ap Humffrey ap Hughe de Llanwoyryn, gen.

David Lloyd ap leun de Llanwooryn, gen.

Thomas Cadd^r de Llanbrynmayre, gen.

Thomas Williams de Manavon, gen.

Humffrus Grouffith de Bronyarth, geii*

Lewis Hoells, gen.

Hoell Jones de Penrhoneth, (?) gen.

'^Inquis. post mortem apud Llanlygan, 31st May, 15 James
I, coram David Blayney, gen^oso, uno coronator'm sup' visu
corporis Ovvini Yaughan,^ armigeri, apud Llwydiarth in com.
pred.^^ (Montgomery).

^ John Blayney of Gregynog was the eldest son of Lewis Blayney,
and the grandson of David Lloyd Blayney, sheriff in 1577 and 1585.
John Blayney, himself sheriff in 1642, married Elizabeth, daughter
of Jenkin Lloyd of Berthllwyd, sheriff in 1588 and 1606. Lewys
Dwnn's Visitation, vol. i, p. 299.

2 He was the son of John ap Owen Vaughan of Llwydiarth,
sheriff in 1583, by Catherine, daughter and heiress of Maurice ap
Robert of Llangedwin. He had issue : —

I. " John Vaughan of Llwydiarth," entered of the Middle Temple
in 1606, who married Margaret, daughter of Richard Herbert, and
sister of Edward Lord Herbert of Chirbury. He probably died with-
out issue.

II. Sir Robert Vaughan, Knight, who married Catherine, daughter
of William Lord Powis.

III. Charles Vaughan, tried at the County Assizes 1 Charles I,
1625, for murder in taking forcible possession of the house of Llwy-
diarth on the death of his elder brother. Sir Robert Vaughan. (See
" Miscellanea Historica," Charles I, and note.) [iv.

268 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Miscellanea Histoetca, 16 James I, 1618.

Magna 8ess, tent apud Polam, 28 June, 16 James I, "Rohertus
Owen, Ar Vic"

Jur. Magna,

Joh'es Blayney de Tregynon, ar.

FFrancis Herbert de Dolgioge,^ ar.

Ed'rus Wynne, de Gartli,^ gen.

Lloyd Piers de Maesmawr/ gen.

Eic'us Lloyd de Trevnant, gen.

Ed'rus Herbert de Kemes, gen.

Evanus Matthew de Kerry, gen.

Evanus Glyn de Glyn,* gen.

Arthurus Powell de Hurdley, gen.

Ed'rus Whittingham de Coedtalinog/ gen.

Ric'us Griffith de Sutton/ gen.

IV. " Roger Vaughan of Llwydiarth," entered of the Middle
Temple in 1614.

V. "Edward Vaughan of Llwydiarth," entered of the Middle
Temple in 1618.

I. Dorothy, married to William Salusbury of Rug.

II. Mary, married to Arthur Price of Yaynor (Lew3''S Dwnn, vol.
I, pp. 292-4).

Although some of Owen Yaughan's sous must have had issue,
Eliauor, the daughter of his second sou, Sir Robert Vaughan, alien-
ated the estates of Llwydiarth and Llangedwin from the family.

^ He was the eldest son of Matthew Herbert of Dolguog. (See
Mont. Coll., vol. iii, pp. 366-7.)

2 Edward Wynne was the son of Thomas Wynne of Garth, on
the grand jury 36 Eliz. (See Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 263, n. 1) and
a magistrate from the 43 Eliz. to the 3 James I. Edward Wynne
married Margaret, daughter of William Lloyd ap Elissen of Rhi-
waedog. " 1627. Edwardus Wynne. Ar. Sep. 28 Jan." (Guilsfield
Register.) " 1600, Gaynor filia Edwardi Wynne de Garthe Bap.
18 Dec." (Ih.) She married John Trevor of Pentre Kynrick and
Mostyn, by whom she had two daughters. Genealogie of Wynne of
Garth, by John Salusbury de Erbistocke, at Powis Castle.

^ He was the son of Edward Peers and Elizabeth, daughter and
heiress of Griffith Lloyd of Maesmawr and Trowscoed, sheriff in
1581. (See Mont. Coll. vol. iv, p. 408.)

^ He was of Glynn Clywedog, in the parish of Llanidloes, and
sheriff in 1628. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 311.

5 See Mont. Coll., vol. v, p. 479, n.

^ "Richus Griffith de Sydden (Sutton near Montgomery) gen."
is mentioned in Exchequer Roll 853 of Minister's Accts. of the 33
Eliz. His pedigree is given is Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 308.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 269

Ed'rus Owen de Penyrallt Goch,^ gen,
liic^us Jones de Garthmyll, gen.
Thomas Rogers de Yarclioell/ gen.
Joh'es Tylston de Matliravall_, gen.
Joh'es Gwynn de Dolybaclioge/ gen.
Joh'es Price de Penniarth, gen.
Gruffinus Jones de Kevencoze^ gen.
David Lloyd de Bryngwyn/ gen.

Rob'tus Owen, Ar. A^ic.

8'cde Jur.
Andreas Ellis de Mayne, gen.
Owen Edwards de Collffryn, gen.^
Joh'es David ap Rees de Kyvronith/ gen.

^ Edward Owen ap William ap Rees apOwen {Harl. MSS. 1936)
under " Pen-yr-alt Goch" was of the tribe of Brochwel Ysgythrog,
Prince of Powys, and the ancestor of the Bowens of Alt Goch.
Edward Owen or Bowen married Catherine, daughter of Morgan
Glynne, sheriff in 1852, and sister of Evan Glynne above. Lewys
Dwnn, vol. i, p. 311. He had a son, Jenkin Bowen. " Ricus
Bowen de Penir allt, gen.," appears on the grand jury, 9 Charles I.

2 Thomas Rogers was the son of Thomas ap Roger of Burgedin,
twelfth in descent from Ithell Goch of Burgedin, ap David ap Mere-
dith ap Bleddyn, Prince of Powys, by Jane, daughter of Jeffrey
Tanat of Trewylan. Harl. MS8. 9864 5. His father, " Thomas ap
Roger de Gilffyld, gen.," was on the grand jury, 32 Eliz.

" Thomas ap Roger de Burgedurge sepult., 20 Dec, 1601"
(Guilsfield Register).

^ John Gwynn of Dolebachog and Glyn Havren was the son of
Edward ap Maurice ap John by Catherine, daughter of John Pugh
(ap Hugh ap Evan) of Mathavam. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 302. He
was on the grand jury, 4 James I.

^ David Lloyd of Bryngwyn, in the parish of Llanfechain, ap John
(on juries from 1590-9) ap Robert Lloyd of Bryngwyn, appears on
juries up to the 11th Charles I, 1635. By his wife Mary, daughter
of William Williams of Winnington, he was the father of Oliver
Lloyd of Bryngwyn, who, born about the time that his grandfather
John ap Robert Lloyd was serving on juries, in 1590-9, is erro-
neously supposed to have represented the county of Montgomery in
the Parliament of 1586. (See Mont. Coll., vol. v, p. 252, also note,
p. 256.) " Joh'es ap Robert Lloyd de Llanvechan, gen.," was on
the grand jury 26 Oct., 32 Ehz., 1590. lb. vol. iv, p. 250, n. 3. In
the latter note "this" ought to be their grandson.

^ Owinus Edwards de Colfryn, gen.," was on the grand jury of
tlie 43 Eliz. See Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 283, note 3.

^ He was the ancestor of the Prices of Cyfronydd. See Mont.
Coll., vol. i, p. 275, note 1.

270 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Joh'es Vauglian de Myvod/ gen.
Ricaeus Lloyd de Cowney/ gen.
Thomas Pugli de Penrhin, gen.
Ric'us Sheinton de Llanwnog,^ gen.
Joh'is Lingen de Bettus, gen.
Thomas ap Edmond de Llann'chbrochwell, gen.
Evanus David de Rhiwiriarth, gen.
Ed'rus Evans de Pentirch, gen.
Georgius Symmes de Trevegloes, gen.
Moriceus David ap leun de Bulchaythan/ gen.
Rob'tus Owen, Ar. Vic.

On the list J hut not of the Grand Jury.

Ed'rus Kynaston de Hordley/ ar.
Humffrus Robinson de helygy, gen.
Ric'us Price de Parke, gen.
Ric'us Owen de Machinlleth,^ gen.

^ John Vaughan ap Roger Yaughan of Meivod, descended from
Bleddyn ap Cynvyn, married Bridget, sister of Richard Herbert of
Meivod, by whom he had Roger Vaughan, who married Mary,
daughter of Richard Davies ap Humphrey of Cynhinfa. Margaret,
who married Thomas Bowdler of Mifod. Bridget, who married
" Robert Ffoulkes p'son of Llanvechain." Anne, who married
" John Price ap M'edd of Meifod." Martha, who married " Robert
Edds ap Thos. Edd's of Pant Glas in Meifod." Harl. MS. 1936.

2 Rees Lloyd of Cownwy was a brother-in-law of John Price of
Cyfronydd above. He married Elen, daughter of Owen ap John ap
David Vaughan ap Bedo ap Jenkin ap Jeun Caereinion. Lewys
Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 321-2.

^ Richard Sheinton was the son of " Hugh Sheinton de Llanwo-
nocke, gen.," on a jury in the 30 Eliz., by Margaret, daughter of
Oliver Lloyd of Leightou, and relict of Francis Hordley of Hordley.
Richard Sheinton had two sons, Hugh Sheinton (mistaken in
" Miscellanea Historica," note 1, 30th Eliz., for his grandfather Hugh
Sheinton), and Oliver Sheinton, churchwarden of Chirbury parish
in 1635, also a daughter Bridget. Richard Sheinton married se-
condly Anne, daughter of David Lloyd Blayney, sheriff in 1585, by
whom he had a daughter, Elinor. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 305, and
note 1.

* See " Miscellanea Historica," 4th James I.

^ Edward Kynaston was the son of Roger Kynaston of Hordley
by Margaret, daughter of John Owen Vaughan of Llwydiarth, sheriff
in 1583. He married Mary, sister of Sir Roger Owen of Condover,
Knight. He was sheriff in 1 623.

^ He was the eldest son of John Owen of Machynlleth by Ma-
hallt, daughter of Richard Pugh of Dol-y-corslwyn. From him
descended Miss Jane Owen, the heiress of the family, who married,

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 271

Joh'es ap Matliew ap Richard de Mouglitre, gen.

Williin'us Vavasoure de Newtowne^ gen.^

Rob'tus Parry de Myvod/ gen.

Rogerus Griffith de Tyrymynich/ gen.

Edwardus Tannett de Trewylan, gen.

Willim'us Dawes de Llandineo, gen.

Moriceus ap Mathewe de Llandinam, gen.

Rictus Lloyd de Bachaethllon/ gen.

Willim'us ap John Wynne de Myvod, gen.

Ric'us Griffith de Garthe, gen.

Jenkinus Mores de Llandinam, gen.

Edward ap Hugh de Trewerne, gen.

Roger Penrhyn, gen.

*^ Montgomery. 16 July, 16 James I. A grant of the office
of particular surveyor of, to Gabriel Marsh during pleasure.^'
(Fo. 28, vol. viii, North Wales Enrolment).

Miscellanea Histoeica, 17 James I.

Magna Session^ tent' ajpud Polam, 10th July, 17 James L
Summons thereto addresssd hy Thomas Chamherlayne, Miles,
Justic. Endorsed " lUcus Rocke, Ar. Vic."

Noi'a Inquis. Magn.
Joh*es Wynn de Dolarddyn, gen.
Evanus Mathewe de Kerry, gen.
Reginaldus Gierke de Bacheldre, gen.

first, Richard Viscount Balkeley, and, secondly, Edward Williams,
Esq. She died in 1765. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 272, notes 4 and 7.

1 Conflicting authorities, see Mont, Coll., vol. iii, pp. 837, 386, have
already been given, one stating that Penelope, daughter of William
Vavasour of Newtown, was the wife, the other that she was the
mother, of Vavasour Powell, the great Nonconformist preacher.
There can be little doubt that she was his mother, and she was pro-
bably desirous of thus transmitting to posterity the name of her
ancient family.

2 Robert Parry ap Jenkin ap John ap Harry of Meivod, accord-
ing to Harl. MS. 1936. commencing at fol. 17, married "Margaret
f. h. Humphrey Grifi" ap Hugh of Meiford,". by whom he had " An-
drew Parry, who married Margaret v. Tho. Tanat of Abertanat ap
Res Tanat."

3 See Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 277, note 3.

* Richard Lloyd was of Machaethlon, in the parish of Kerry. See
Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 288, for his descent and connections.

5 For the roll of magistrates for this year see Mo7it. Coll., vol. ii,
p. 847. The sheriff's, or gaol, files, partly destroyed, for the years
12th-19th James I, 1614-21, contain no rolls of magistrates.

272 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Joh'es DD ap Rees de Kyfronyth, gen.

Joh'es Pughe de Derowen, gen.

Morgan Vaughan de LlansanfFraid, gen.

Thomas David de Varchoell^ gen.

Charolus Price^ gen.

Joh^es Lingen de Bettus, gen.

Evanus DD ap Owen, gen.

Derwas GrufFyth de Kernes/ gen.

Moricius DD ap leun de Balcharthan/ gen.

Watkin David^ gen.

Joh'es ap Ed. ap Rees Lloyd de Llanvair, gen.

Ed'rus ap leun de Pentirch^ gen.

Joh'es Breese, yom. Ric'us Roeke^ Ar. Vic.

Names on the list, hut not of the Grand Jury.

Edwarde Purcell de Wropton/ ar.
Lloyd Peers de Maesmawr, gen.
David Lloyd de Bryngwyn, gen.
Weithan Jones de Treweithan/ gen.

^ Derwas Griffith ap Ednyved ap Griffith, according to Harl.
MS. 1936, was of " Glyntwywyn in Kemais," and married Mary,
daughter of Griffith Kyffin of Cae Coch. His fa'her, " Ednyved
Gruffithe de Kernes, gener.," appears on a jury in tha 35th Eliz.

2 Of Bwlch Aeddan.

^ Edward Purcell was the first of his family who became domi-
ciled at Nantcribba, in the township of Wropton, and parish of
Forden. He was sheriff in 1625.

* Wythen Jones ap Evan ap Hugh Jones was descended from the
Cynvynian Princes of Powys. His grandfather, Hugh Jones, mar-
ried Margaret, daughter of Sir Richard Herbert, of Montgomery,
Knight, and appears on grand jury lists from the 6th to the 27th
Eliz., 1564-85. Wythen Jones married Judith, daughter of Hum-
phrey Lloyd ap Edward Lloyd of Llanynys, Denbighshire. Lewys
Dwnn, vol. i, p. 304. This marriage gave rise to an angry corre-
spondence, now preserved in the series of " Domestic State Papers"
at the Record Office, between Thomas Wilson and Edward Lloyd,
the brother of Judith. It is thus epitomized in the index.

" 5 September, 1G14. Tho's Wilson to Edward Lloyd. Intends
to prosecute his claim to the custody of Wythen, son of the late
Einion (? Evan) Jones, as the king's ward, and also to obtain a fine,
because Lloyd's father married the ward to his own daughter" (Ed-
ward Lloyd's sister Judith). The mother of Edward and Judith
Lloyd, was Gwen, daughter of Meredith ap Hugh ap Evan of Math-
avarn. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 272.

On 11th September, Edward Lloyd wrote a rejoinder to Thomas
Wilson. Edward Lloyd married Gwen Lewis of Bron-y-Voel in the
vale of Clwyd.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 273

David Lloyd de Haulchton, gen.

David Lloyd ap leun de Llanwonoge, gen.

Ed'rus Lloyd de Tirymynich, gen.

Robert ap Robert de Trewerne, gen.

Joh^es Rob^tus de Kyvronydd, gen.

Rogerus Price de Ackley, gen.^

Thomas Puglie de Cletterwood, gen.

Joh'es Corbett de Trevenanney, gen.

Rictus Griffitlie de Grarth, gen.

Riceus ap John DD Lloyd de Gayer,^ gen.

Carolus Lloyd Yauglian^ et Carolus Jones, armigeri, Balli
at Justic. pacis Yil. et libtat de Pola.

Deposition, 31 May, 17 James I, coram Thomas Juckes et
Rico Lloyd, armigeris, duobs Justic. ad pacem D'ni Regis in
com. pred. venit Maurice ap David de Chirbury, yom.

Apud Mountgomery, 26 April, 17 James I. A deposition
coram Edwardo Price de Kerry, armigero, et Edwardo Home,
CPico, duobs Justic. etc.

John Arneway,* sonne of Richard Arneway of Maesmawr
(Llandinam), in the county of Montgomery, gen., was found
dead in the river of Severn, near Caersws Bridge, the 7th
November last.

^ Of Gnnley. See Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 271, n. 1. He is pro-
bably identical with " Roger Price de Gunley, gen." on a jury, 88th
Eliz., and with "Roger ap Rees de Gwnley, gen.," who occurs on
15th July, 39 Eliz. Mont Coll., vol. iv, p. 274

2 "Ricus DD Lloid de Gayre generosus," probably his uncle, oc-
curs in 29 Eliz. See "Miscellanea Historica," 29 Eliz., and
" David ap Jenn ap DD Lloid de Gaer, gen'os," his brother, in 32
Eliz.

^ Charles Lloyd Vaughan was probably the sixth son of Charles
Lloyd of Leighton, sheriff in 1 601, by Anne, daughter of Edward Her-
bert of Montgomery, sheriff in 1568.

^ It was probably his uncle John Arneway of Tregynon who was
manager of the Blayney estates while the heads of the family, or at
all events Sir Edward Blayney, first Baron Blayney, were holding
military commands in the armies of Queen Elizabeth in Ireland.
Joyce, daughter of John Arneway of Tregynon married Austyn ap
Rees of Carno, on a jury 27th Eliz,, a member of the Blayney family,
and Margaret, the sister of John Arneway of Tregynon married
Owen ap Maurice ap Howel, who was living at Caersws in 1586.
Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 277, 282.

VOL. VI. T

274 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Miscellanea Histoeica, 20 James I, 1622.

Magna Sessioj tent apud Volam, 21 April , 20 James I,
Endorsed " EdWus Kynaston, Ar. Vic."

Noi'a MinistrOj et Justic. Pads, Dn'i Regis Com.' p'd.

JoVes Ep'us Lincoln, Custos Magn. sigilli Anglie.

Lionell Com. Midd._, Tbesaurarius, D'ni Kegis Anglie.

Henricus Yicecomes Mandeville, D'ns P'sedens Consilii
D'ni Regis.

Ed^rus Comes Wigorn^ Custos Privat. sigilli.

Lodovicus Dux Lenox, Senescallus Hospicii D'ni Regis.

WilFmus Comes North'ton, P'sedens Consilii D'ni Regis in
Principalitatem et Marcliie Wallie.

Rictus Ep^us Assaph.

Jacobus Whitelocke, miles, unus Justic. Cestrie Capital.
Justic. D'ni Regis Mag. Sessio, Com. pM (Montgomery).

Marmadukus Lloyd, miles, alter Justic. Cestrie, etc.

Willimus Herbert, miles (Lord Powis).

Ed'rus Herbert, miles (Lord Herbert of Chirbury) .

Ed'rus FFoxe, miles (of Gwernygo).

Rictus Hussey, miles (Criggion).

Job'es Herbert, miles (Steward of Powis).

Rob'tus Yaughan, miles (Llwydiarth).

Daniel jp nee (

PFulco Price, i ^^°'''» Theolog. Doctor.

Ed'rus Price de Newtowne, ar.

Robtus Leigbton, ar. (Wattlesborough and Bausley).

Ric'us Leighton, ar. (Gwernygo) .

1 Dr. Daniel Price was a son of Thomas Price, vicar of St. Chad's,
Shrewsbury, and the brother of Sampson Price, D.D., the Mawl of
Heretics. Daniel Price was rector of Worthen, Salop, and of Llant-
eglos in Cornwall, Dean of Hereford, chaplain to James I, and his
sons prince Henry and Charles I ; and what was not so usual with
the clergy of that day, a justice of the peace for the counties of Salop,
Montgomery, and Cornwall, as is recorded in his epitaph at Worthen
with the following inscription : —

" Doctus Apud Nostras lovis Exemplaria Leges
Per Reges Justis Connumerandus Erat
Doctor Divinus Dignusq. Decore Decani
Justicia Daniel vir precibusq. Dei."
Arms. Or, a lion passant, sable ; impaling a St. George's cross,
argent ; on a St. Andrew's cross, or :

Crest. A lion rampant reguardant, sahle, holding a fleur de lys,
or, date 1633. Mr. Blakeway says that he died on the 23rd Sep. 1631.
History of Shrewsbury, vol. ii, p. 213, n. 4.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 275

Jeukinus Lloyd, ar. (BertMlwyd).
Thomas Juckes, ar. (Buttington).
Charolus Herbert, ar. (Aston).
Athelystanus Owen, ar. (Rhiwsaeson).
Jollies Blayney, ar. (Grregynog).
Matheus Price, ar. (Park).
Rowland Owen, ar. (Llunllo).
Thomas Kerry, ar. (Binweston).
Arthurus Price, ar. (Vaynor).
Ed'rus Price de Kerry, ar. (Glanmeheli).
FFranciscus Herbert, ar. (Dolguog).
Ed^rus Homes, ar.

David Blayney et Randulphus Parry, gen^osi, Coronator's
D^ni Regis com. pM.

Jacobus Philippes, ar., escaetor, D'ni Regis.

Matheus Price, ar., Maior de Llanidloes.

Thomas Owen,^ gen., Maior de Machynlleth.

Rictus Pryce, gen., Maior de Caersows.

Joh^es Robertes et Ed^rus Moris, armigeri, balli et Justic.
pacis vil. et lib^tat de Pola.

Ric'us Morgan et Rictus Whittingham, gen'osi, balli de
Monntgom^y.

Gruffinus Kyffyn et Joh'es Percy, gen'osi, balli de Llanvil-
linge.

Noi'a Senescallor^s Dn'i Regis Com. jy'd,

Joh'es Herbert, miles. Capital Senescallus, Percei Herbert,
miles, et Baronett, D'ni sui de Powys.

Herbertus Croft, miles. Cap. Sen., D'no Rege, D'ni sui de
Kerry, Kedewen, Halcetor, et Mountgom'y.

Thomas Williams,^ ar., Cap. Sen., Rico Hussey, miles, D'ni
sui de Nethergorther.

FFranciscus Barckley, ar.. Cap. Sen., Edro Purcell, ar.,
D'ni sui de Overgorther.

Ed'rus Waties, ar., Cap. Sen., Rico Newport, milit., D'ni
sui de Dewthor.

Joh'es Reynolds, gen.. Cap. Sen., Rob'to Leighton, ar.,
D'ni sui de Baulseley.

Joh'es Reynolds, gen.. Cap. Sen., Thome Kerry, ar., D'ni
sui de Leighton.

Ed'rus Lloyd, gen.. Cap. Sen., Willi'mo Owen, milit., D'ni
sui de Arustley.

1 Of Lunllo. ^ Of Willaston.

T 2

276 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Ed'rus Price, gen.. Cap. Sen., Willi'mo Owen, milit., D'ni
sui de Keveyliog.

Arthurus Powell, gen., Cap. Sen., Arthuro Price, ar., D'ni
Bui de Teirtreff Escore (? Issa).

* Griffiths, gen.. Cap. Sen., Ed'ro Kynaston, ar., D'ni
sui de Dynas.

Willi'raus Owen, gen. (?), Cap. Sen., Johanno Hay ward,
milit., Dn^i sui de Stratm^cell.

The following occur on the Grand Jury lists.
Mattlieus Price,^ ar.
Joh^es Wyn, gen.
Gruffinus Jones de Llanvaire, gen.
Eiceus ap Mathewe ap Richard, gen.
Thomas Overall de Trefnanney, gen.
David Lloyd ap leuan de Llanwoonog, gen.
David ap leun Bedo, gen.
Evanus David de Llangirrick,^ gen.
Ed'rus Lloyd de Tyryminych, gen.
Evanus Bowen de Collfryn,^ gen.
Humffi'us Gruff, de Bronniarth, gen.
Joh'es Lloyd de Dolobran, gen.

'^Apud Dolgiog,^^ 7 Dec, 20 James T, 1622, a deposition
was taken " coram ffrancisco Herbert, armigero."

" Apud Tregynon,^^ 1 Dec, 20 James I, the same " coram
John Blayney, ar., uno Justic ad pacem, etc'^

'* Apud Polam,^' 3 Feb., 20 James I, the same '^ coram Joh'i
Herbert, milit., uno Justic. ad pacem, etc.'^

Miscellanea Histoeica, 21 James I, 1623.

Summons " ad Magnam Sess., tenend. apud Polam, 14 Oct., 20
James I, and addressed to the new sheriff. Endorsed Ric'us
Price, Mil. Vic."

Noi'a Magn. Inquis. •

Jenkin Lloyd,* ar.
Arthurus Price, ar. (Yaynor).

1 He was of Park and the younger brother of Edward Price of
Newfown, sheriff in 1615.

2 He was of Clochfaen, in the parish of Llangurig (see " Miscel-
lanea Historica," 4th James 1, n. 3), and the ancestor of the Chevalier
Lloyd, K.S.G., of Clochfaen.

^ Evan ap Owen, or Bowen, was probably the son of Owen Ed-
wards of Collfryn, on the grand jury 43 Eliz. and 16 James I. See
notes under those years in " Miscellanea Historica."

* Of Berthllwyd, and sheriff in 1588 and 1606.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. '1^1

Ed'rus Lloyd de Trevegloyes^ ar.^

Jacobus Phillips de Kevencough^ ar.

Willim's Kyffin/ ar.

Thomas Peers de Dolevorgan, ar.

Eob^tus Wynne de Varchoell, gen.

Eogerus Griffith de Tyerymynychj gen.

Ed'rus Evans de Manavon, gen.

Kic'us Shynton de Llanwoonoge, gen.

Gruffinus Jones de Llettye gwilim, gen.

Joh^es ap. Edw. ap Rees Lloyd de Llanvaire, gen.

Ric'us Davies de Mountgomery, gen.

Thomas ap Edmund de Llann'chvrochwell, gen.

Thomas ap DD ap leun ap Hoell de Manavon, gen.

Names on the list, hut not of the Grand Jury.

Thomas Kerry ,^ ar.

Joh'es Owen de Dolearthyn/ gen.

Riceus Wynne de Llanwoothyn^ gen.

^ He was probably Edward Lloyd of Talgarth, in the parish of
Trefeglwys, who, as "Edwardus Lloyd de Talgarth, gen.," was on
the grand jury 30th Eliz., 1588, son of " Roger Lloyd de Talgarth,"
on the grand jury 2nd Eliz., son of Humphrey Lloyd of Leighton,
sheriff in 154-1. Edward Lloyd was the son of Roger Lloyd of Tal-
garth by Margaret, daughter and heiress of Sir Morgan Herbert,
Knt., eldest son of Richard Herbert of Montgomery, Knt., by his
first wife, Jane.

Edward Lloyd by Elizabeth, daughter of John ap Morgan Gwynn,
sheriff in 1582, had Roger Lloyd of Talgarth, mentioned below.
Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, pp. 301-12.

Jenkyn Lloyd of Berthllwyd had a brother, who in 1588 entered
the Middle Temple as ^^ Edward Lloyd o^ Berthllwyd" and who be-
came a bencher in 1598. In 1590 he was on the grand jury as
"Edwardus Lloyd de Berthlloyd, gen.',; and in 1595, 1597 as
"Edwardus Lloyd de Llanidloes, gen."

2 WiUiam Kyffin of Bodvach was the son of Grifiith Lloyd ap Lewis,
alias Kyffin, of Bodvach (see " Miscellanea Historica," 14 James I,
note 3). By Gwen, daughter of Gawen Vaughan ap Howell
Vaughan ap David Lloyd of Glan-y-Llyn, he had, 1, John Kyffin of
Bodvach ; 2, Griffith ; 3, Gawen ; 4, Harry ; 1, Margaret ; 2, Ales ;
3, Jane ; 4, Elizabeth. Harl. MSB., 9864-5.

3 Thomas Kerry of Binweston was the son of George Kerry, by
Anne, daughter of Adam Ottley of Pichford. He married Mary,
daughter of William Hopton of Ohirbury, whose grandfather, Ed-
ward Hopton, had a grant of the site of Chirbury Priory. Thomas
Kerry was sheriff in 161 8.

* John Wynne ap Owen of Dolarddyn, see " Miscellanea Histo-
rica," 17 James I.

278 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Ed'rus Price de Gunley/ gen.

Edward ap leun Jenkyn de Llanginog, gen.

Owinus Derwas de Penryn Vechan/ gen.

^ Edward Price of Gunley entered his pedigree at Lewys Dwnn's
visitation of Montgomeryshire in 1609 (vol. i, p. 291). The original
vellum pedigree, signed by Lewys Dwnn, is now at Gunley. It states
that he was the son of Richard Price, the son of Richard Price ap
Rees ap Morris ap Hugh ap Watkin, fifth in descent from Einion ap
Seisyllt, who held in fee the lands between the rivers "Dyvi" and
" Dewlas" at the close of the twelfth century. Confirmatory of this
descent we find that Richard Price, junior, was living in the 13th
Eliz., Richard Price, senior, in the 36th Henry VIII, and " Morris
ap Hugh of Gwnle" in the 5th Henry VII. Edward Price had an
uncle " Ed'us ap Richard ap Res de Ackley, gen.", present at the
county assizes 13 Eliz., but this is his first appearance on the
sheriff's files. The Chirbury register notices his burial thus : " 1643,
Edwardus Price de Gunley sep. 4'to Aprilis." By Sina, daughter
and co-heir of Evan ap Rhys ap Hugh of Rhiwiriarth he had Richard
Price of Gunley, a captain in the army of the commonwealth, who
died without issue ; and Edward Price of Pont-y-Porkyll, who even-
tually succeeded to the Gunley estate. Both of the brothers were
grand jurors and county magistrates under the commonwealth, 6
Charles II, A.D. 1654. Edward Price of Pont-y-Porkyll married
Bridget, daughter of John ap Richard of Hockleton, in the parish of
Chirbury, " one of Cromwell's captains." " John ap Richard, se-
nior, " and " John ap Richard, junior," were both rated, in 1604, for
property in Middleton, and " John Pntchard, gent." for property in
Hockleton in 1664 (Chirbury Becords).

The account of the family in Burke's Landed Gentry is full of
errors. Besides the omission of generations, Edward Price of Pont-
y-Porkyll and his father are made to marry their mothers, and the
same unnatural alliances are permitted to disfigure the family history
for several ascending generations. Captain Richard Price is also
said to have been sherifi" of the county in 1639, the year in which
Richard Price of Gogerddan and Aberbechan, created a baronet in
16 il, served that office. Edward of Pont-y-Porkyll was the immedi-
ate ancestor of the present representative of this ancient fanaily, one
of the few in the county having an accredited male descent from the
close of the twelfth century, and the possession of the same family
estate (Gunley) since the time of Henry VI.

2 Owen ap John Derwas (ap Owen ap Griffith ap Reginald of
Garth ap Sir Griffith Vaughan, Kn't Ban't) of Penrhyn Vechan, in
the parish of Llandrinio, married Joyce, daughter of David Lloyd
ap Jeffrey, on a jury 23 October, 13 Eliz., fifth in descent from
Griffith Vaughan of Deuddwr, of the tribe of Brochwel Ysgithrog,
living from 1406 to 1446. Owen Derwas and Joyce had a son,
David Derwas of Penrhyn Vechan, who married Blanche, daughter
of Edward ap Thomas of Hendrehen. See Richard Derwas, "Mis-
cellanea Historica," 9 James I, and Note. Sari MSS., 9864-5.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 279

Humflfridd. Lloyd de eadem, gen.

Moriceus DD ap leun de Bulcharthon^ gen.

Joh^es Eob'te de Kyvronyeth, gen.

Owinus Arneway de Maysemawre, gen. (Llandinam) .

'^^Apud Parke, penpryse, 24 Nov., 21 James I, coram
Matheo Pryce, ar., uno Justic. pacis, etc., venit Edwardua
Herbert of Llandynam, aged 40 yeares or thereabouts, sworne
and examined, etc.^^ Ma. Pryce.^^

'^Apud Park penpryse in com. pred., 10 March, 21 James
I, coram Matheo Pryce,^ ar., uno Justic. etc.,^-' deposition of
Koger Lloid^ of Talgarth, in the said county, gent., aged 27
yeares or thereabouts, sworne and examined touchinge the
fellonious stealinge of one hive of bees from the garden of
deponent, about the third day of this instant month, 1623.''^

Deposition taken, ^^Apud Pennant ultim die Martii, 22
James I, coram Athelstane Owen^^ ar., uno Justiciar, ad
pacem.^'

Miscellanea Historica, 1 Charles I, 1625.

Noi'a Ministro''m D'ni Regis Com. pd. Noi'a Justic. Pads,
DnH Regis Com, pd., sexto die Maij, An, Reg, D*ns n^rs
Carolij dei gra' * * frimo,

* Lincoln Gustos Magn. sigilli Anglie unus Justic. pacis
Com pM.

Jacobus Dux Ley, Tresaurarius Anglie, alter Justic, etc.

Henricus Yicecomes Mandevill, D'ns P'sedens Consilii D'ni
Regis.

Ed'rus Comes Wigom, Custos privati sigilli D'ni Regis.

Williams Comes Northampton, P'sedens Consilii D^ni Regis
infra principalitat. et M'chias sue Wallie.

1 He was a younger brother of Edward Price of Newtown, sheriff
in 1615.

3 Roger Lloyd of Talgarth, in the parish of Trefeglwys, was fifth
in descent from Sir Griffith Vaughan of Garth. His father Edward
Lloyd of Talgarth, who appears on grand juries from the 30th to
the 39th Elizabeth, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Gwynn,
third son of Morgan Gwynn of Llanidloes, sheriff in 1582. Roger
Lloyd was one of the seven gentlemen of Montgomeryshire selected
at the Restoration for the knighthood of the Royal Oak.

^ He was the eldest son of Morris Owen of Rhiwsaeson, sheriff in
1612, and deputy sheriff to his father.

280 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Ludovlcus Ep'us, Bangor.

Thomas Chamberleine^ miles, unus Jiistic. D^ni Regis de
Banco et Justic. Cestr.

Marmaducus Lloyd, miles, alter Justic. Cestr.

Perceus Herbert, miles, et Baronett.

Williams Herbert, miles.

Ed^rus Herbert, miles.

Ed'rus FFox, miles.

Ric'us Hussey, miles.

Joh^es Herbert, miles.

Daniell Price, Sacr. Theolog. Doctor.

FFulke Price, Sacr. Theolog. Doctor.

Joh'es Davies,^ Sacr. Theolog. Doctor.

Sampson Eure, ar.

Rob'tus Brooke, ar.

Ed'rus Price, ar.

Rob'tus Leighton,^ ar. (Wattlesborough Castle).

Rictus Leighton, ar. (Gwernygo).

Rowlandus Pugh, ar. (Mathavarn).

Jenkinus Lloyd, ar. (Berthllwyd) .

Thomas Juckes, ar. (Buttington).

Ed'rus Vaughan,^ ar. (of Llwydiarth).

Carolus Herbert, ar. (Aston).

Athelystanus Owen, ar. (Rhiwsaeson).

Mattheus Price, ar. (Park).

Rowlandus Owen, ar. (Llunllo).

Thomas Kerry, ar. (Binweston).

Arthurus Price de Yaynor, ar.

FFranciscus Herbert, ar. (Dolguog)

Meredith Morgan,* ar. (Aberhavesp).

Ed'rus Homes, CPicus.

Noi'a Coronator, D'ni Regis Com. p*d.
David Blayney. Humfifridus Davies.

1 His first appearance on the roll of magistrates.

2 Robert Leighton of Wattlesborough Castle, first appeared on
our roll of county magistrates in 11th James I. He married Anne,
daughter of Sir Edward Devereux, Knight of Bromwich Castle,
buried at Alberbury in 1621, by whom he had Edward Leighton,
grandfather of the first Baronet. See Mont. Coll., vol. v, p. 433.
Robert Leighton died this year, 1625.

^ He was the son of Owen Yaughan and the younger brother of
Sir Robert Yaughan, of Llwydiarth, Knt. This is his first and last
appearance on our rolls of county magistrates. He entered the
Middle Temple in 1618.

* He was sherifi* in 1635.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 281

Owinus Edwards, ar., Escaetor' D'ni Eegis.
Noi'a Maior Dni Regis.

Eic'us Owen, gen., Maior vill et lib't de * (? Machynlleth).
Jenkin Morus, gen., Maior vill et lib't de Llanidloes.
Rictus Shenton, gen., Maior vill et lib^t de Cairsous.

Magna Sessio, tent apud Polam, 11 May, 1 Charles I.
'' Ed'rus Purcell, Ar. Vic,''

NoVa Jut, ad inquirend, pro. Dn'o Rege p' Com. p^d.

Carolus Herbert de Aston,^ ar.
Rogerus Griffiths de Tirymynych, gen.
Riceus Lloyd de Cowney,^ gen.
Derwas Griffith de Darowen, gen.
Rowlandus Lloyd de Bronyood, gen.
Riceus Jones de Moughtre, gen.
Ed'rus Owen de Pen-yr-alt, gen.
Carolus Price de Drevor, gen.
Humffii-us Lloyd de Penrhyn Yechan, gen.
Owinus Blayney de Ystymgwerne,* gen.
Hoellus Jones de Penstrowd, gen.
Thomas ap John de Llanbrynmaire, gen.
Evanus David de Rhiwhiriarth, gen.
Riceus Williams de Aberbechan, gen.
Humffi-idus ap Thomas de Tyrymynych, gen.
Humffi:*idus Richards de Trelydan,^ gen.
Ric'us Davies de Kayhowell, gen.
Ed'rus Purcell, Ar. Yic.

1 Of Collfryn. (See " Miscellanea Historica," 16 James L)

2 He was sheriff in 1608.

^ See " Miscellanea Historica," 16 James I and note
* Owen Blayney was probably a son of Richard Blayney of
Ystymgwen, by Elizabeth, daughter of Richard ap Hugh of Math-
avarn. Richard Blayney was fifth in descent from Evan Blayney of
Gregynog, living in 1406, the chief of the Meiler Grug branch of
the Tribe of Brochwel Ysgithrog. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 284.

5 " Humphrey ap Richard ap Howell ap Humphrey ap Thomas
Vychan of Meivod, coat of Sir Griff. Vychan, married Jane, daughter
of Tho's Mytton of Pont ys Cowryd and had John Humphrey, Robert
Humphrey, Rees, Gaenor, and Lowry." Harl M8., 1936, commen-
cing at p. 17. His father "Ricus Howells de trelydan, gen." was
on the grand jury in the 43 Eliz. " Ricus ap ho'U ap Lewis de
Trelydan, gen.," was on the grand jury, 39 Eliz.

282 MISCELLANEA HISTOKICA.

S'cde Jm\
Jollies Price de Pennarth^ gen.
Riceus Jones de Tregynon, ^en.
Riceus Gryfith Cadd'r de Llanwonoge^ gen.
Thomas Morris de Aberhavesp^ gen.
Joh'es ap Edward ap Rees Lloyd de Llanvair, gen,
Mauriceus David de Llanwonog, gen.
Hugo Lewis de Aston, gen.
Mauricius Jones de Dythienith, gen.
Oliverus Owen de Gungrogvawr, gen.
Jenkinus Cadd^r de Llanwonog, gen.
Joh'es Powell Corbit de Mellington/ gen.
Joh'es David de Kenchmod, yom.

The following were presented as Recusants by John, Bishop
of St. Asaphj before the Justices of assize at Pool, 14th May,
1625.

Gildsfielde parish.

Martha,^ the weife of Roger Griffith of Tirymynich, gent.

Catharine,^ the wife of David Lloyd, gent.

EFnor,^ the late wife of Edw'd Porter, gent.

John ffeild and Catharine his wife.

Catherine, the wife of Adam Reignolds.

Elizabeth Phillipes, als Davies.

Joyce, the mayde of El'nor Porter.

Presented by the churchwardens as having absented them-
selves from the " parishe church for the last six monthes.-"

The Grand Jury are likewise to enquire of the following
persons convicted of '^ Recusancie.''

Richard ap William of Gungrogvawr and Joane his wife.

1 He was probably the John Powell Corbett who rescued Richard
Herbert of Montgomery, father of Edward, Lord Herbert of
Chirbury, and prevented his assassination in the churchyard of
Llanerfyl. See Mo7it. Coll., vol. iii, p. 365, n. 1.

2 She was the daughter of Humphrey Lloyd of Great Hem in the
parish of Forden, ap Francis Lloyd, third son of Humphrey Lloyd
of Leighton, sheriff in 1541. Martha's mother was Elizabeth,
daughter of Richard Owen, Alderman of Salop, descended from
Meilyr Grug. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 307.

3 " 1631. Catherine ux. David Lloyd vid. sep. 28 Feb." Ibid.
* "1625. Elinora Porter relict. Edri Porter de Tyrymymych.

Buried 30 July." (Guilsfield register.) Howell Porter of Tyrymy-
nych was steward of Overgorther and Tiertref 35 Eliz. Mo7it. Coll.^
vol. iv, p. 259.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 283

Thomas Herbert of Trallwng Gollwyn, gent.

Anthony Bayley of the same, yom.

Jane Smallman of the same.

Margaret Sanford, the wife of leun ap Owen of Collvryn^

gen.
Edward ap DD ap Thomas of Burgedin.
David ap Thomas Vaughan of Trallog Collen.
Grace, the wife of Anthony Bayhe.

On the list J hut not of the Grand Jury.
Bowlandus Pughe de Mathavarne,, ar.
Matheus Price de Park, ar.
Rowlandus Owen de Machenlleth, ar.
Ric'us Pugh de Dolecorslwyn/ gen,
Evanus Glyn de Glyn,^ gen.
Lloyd Piers de Trowskoed/ gen.
Thomas ap Humphrey ap Hugh de Llanwrin, gen.
David Powell de Weston, gen.
Owinus Edwards de Collfryn, gen.
Rogerus Lloyd de Talgarth, gen.
Wythian Jones de Trewythian, gen.
David Lloyd de Bryngwyn, gen.
Thomas Pughe de Rhiteskin,* gen.
Samuell Edwards de Castellwright,^ gen.
Rowlandus Oackley de Bachelldre,^ gen.
Reginaldus Clarke de eadem, gen.

1 In the parish of Cemmes. See Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 271.

2 Son of Morgan Glynne, and sheriff in 1628.

3 Sheriff in 1636-7. Mont. Coll., vol. iv, p. 408.

^ His father Jasper ap Hugh of Rheteskyn was on a grand jury
list 10 James I, see note.

5 His father John Edwards of Castellwright was on a grand jury
list 10 James 1, see note. The latter was ninth in descent from Sir
Robert ap Madoc, Knight, Lord of Overs, Middleton, Brompton,
Weston Madoc, Mucklewick, Broughton and Home in a.d. 1200.
(Eyton's Ant. of Shropshire^ vol. xi, p. 85, etc., and Mont. Coll.f vol.
vi, pp 62-4.)

^ As the Oakleys of Oakley neglected to enter their pedigree at
the Herald's visitation of Salop in 1623, it is not easy to connect the
above Rowland with the family. He was not improbably a son of
Rowland Oakley of Oakley, in the parish of Bishop's Castle, who
died in October, 1622. The latter was the grandfather of William
Oakley of Oakley, sheriff of Shropshire in 1666. Blake way's Sheriffs,
p. 132. We find " Edrus Oakley de Bacheldre, gen.," on the grand
jury 15 James I, and " Ricus Bemmoad de Bacheldre, gen." on
the grand jury 43 Eliz.

284 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Ric'us Lloyd de Mouglitre/ gen.
David Owen de Llanwonog/ gen.
Riceus Jones de Tregynon, gen.
David Morgan de Penegoes, gen.
Jenkinus Mores de Maesmawr, gen.
Rictus Lloyd de Bachaythlon, gen.
Lodowicus Evans de Machenlleth/ gen.
Meredith ap David de Llanwrin, gen.
Jenkinus Owen de Dole-y-llys/ gen.
Gruffinus ap Richard de Kernes, gen.
Mauri cius Powell de Llanwonog/ gen.
Evanus David ap Owen de Carno/ gen.
Evanus David de Llangerig/ gen.
Ed'rus Lloyd de Tyrymynych, gen.
Evanus ap Hughe de Collfrin, gen.
Rob'tus Edward de Beriw, gen.
Willi^mus Mathewes de Mellington, gen.
Thomas Everall de Trevnanney, gen.

1 See Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 324, note 3. His father David
(Lloyd) Morgan de Moughtre, gen., was on the grand jury 39 Eliz.
see note.

2 See Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 283.

2 Lewis Evans was the son of Evan ap Howell, twelfth in descent
from Einion ap Seysyllt, lord of Mathavarn, by Jane, daughter and
co-heir of Meredith, ap Hugh, ap Evan of Mathavarn. By Sina,
daughter of John Morgan, Lewis Evans had Morgan Evans, Evan
Evans, Edward Evans, and Einion Evans. Lewys Dwnn vol. i, p. 306.

* Jenkin Owen of D61-y-llys, in the parish of Llanidloes, errone-
ously styled of Cefn-yr-Hafodau, in the parish of Llangurig (see
Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 233,) was the son of " Owen, living in 1599,
ap David, ap Thomas, of Llys, gent." by Margaret, daughter and co-
heir of Griffith Gwyn. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 309. " Edd. Owens
of Dole-y-llys, gent." probably his son, was on a jury list of the Cth
Charles n, 1654.

^ " Maurice ap Howell ap Maurice of Caersws gent." was the son
of Howell ap Maurice by Joned, daughter of Griffith, ap Howell, ap
leuan Blayney of Gregynog. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 282.

^ Evan was the eldest son of David ap Owen ap Evan ap Llewelyn
ap Meredith ap Evan Lloyd ap Einion ap leva Goch ap Griffith Carno
ap Howell (ap leva) Lord of Arwystli, who took Walwyn's Castle,
in Cyfeiliog, in 1162, who died in 1185, and was buried at Ystrad-
fflur. Evan married EHzabeth, daughter of Richard ap Howell ap
David ap Howell David Llwyd of Llanwnog. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i,
p. 272,-3 and notes.

7 Evan ap David Llwyd of Clochfaen, in the parish of Llangurig,
was on the grand jury 4 James I. See note. He was the ancestor
of the Chevalier Lloyd, K.S.G., of Clochfaen.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 285

Joli'es Ponryn de Llandrinio, gen.
Rictus Morgan de Bronyod, gen.
Richard ap Roger fiPoulke de Burgedin, gen.
Richard ap Roger of Gungrog Yawr, gen.
Thomas Meredd. of Glascoed, gen.
Meredith David of Disserth/ gen.
Thomas ap Humphrey of Garth, gen.

A deposition taken ^^ coram Johane Lloyd de Dolobran, Ar'o
uno Justic. ad pacem Com. pred.^^ (Montg.)

Miscellanea Historica, 2 Charles I^ 1626.

Magna Sess, JDn'i Regis tent, apud Polam, vicesimo tertio die
Octohris, an. reg. Garoli secundo, 1626.
Noi'a Ministrorn et Justic. pads D'ni Regis.
Thomas Coventrie^ mileSj D'ns Custod. Magn. Sigil. Anglie,
nnus Justic pacis.

^ Meredith ap David of Dysserth, in the parish of Pool, appears
on our county grand juries on several occasions between this year
and the 14th Charles II, a.d. 1662, when we again find " Meredith
David de Dysserth, gen." on the grand jury. On the 16th IN'ovem-
ber, 1688, " Meredith Davies of Dysserth in the county of Montgom-
ery gent'n," his son Hugh Davies, and Thomas Bray of Marton, in
the parish of Chirbury, were parties to a settlement on the marriage
of the above Hugh Davies with Hester, daughter of Thomas Bray.
The issue of this marriage was John Davies, born at Dysserth in
1691. The latter died in 1762, leaving three daughters, co-heiresses,
one of whom was the mother of John Davies Corrie of Dysserth,
Esq. The younger married the Rev. William Thornes, vicar of
Alberbury, the member of an ancient Shropshire family {ex. inf.,
M. 0. Jones, F.SA). Mr. Corrie's maternal ancestor Hester Bray,
baptized at Chirbury on the 15th January, 1 658, and the celebrated
Dr. Thomas Bray, founder of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, baptized at Chirbury on the 2nd May, 1658,
were brother's children. Maria, sister of Hester Bray, married the
Rev. Jonathan Edwards, rector of Westbury, fifth son of Sir Thomas
Edwards, Knight and Baronet. Their son Thomas Edwards, Rector
of Greet and vicar of Chirbury, was the father of the Rev. Sir
Thomas Edwards, 7th Baronet, great-grandfather of Sir Henry
Hope Edwards, Bart.

The Bray family were of ancient standing in the parish of Chirbury.
" Thomas Bray of Marton," third in descent from David Bray, living
in 1450, married Gwen, second daughter of Oliver Lloyd, lord of
the manor of Marrington, in the parish of Chirbury. In 1 564 he,
with his brother-in-law Richard Lloyd and others, witnessed the
" anciente tythe customes " of the parish of Chirbury. Mont. Coll.y
vol. vi, pp. 113, 123, note 1.

286 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Jacobus Comit Marleburgh, Thes. D'ni Reg.

Henricus Comit Manchester, D'ns P'sidens Consilii D'ni
Regis.

Ed'rus Comes Wigorn, etc.

Williams Comes Northampton, etc.

Ludovicus Ep'us, Bangor.

Ed^rus D'mus Herbert.

Jobannis Bridgman, miles, Just. Cestr. et Magni Sess. D'ni
Regis Com. p'd (Montgomery).

Marmaducus Lloyd, miles, alter Justic. Cestr.

Perceus Herbert, miles et Baronett.

William Herbert, miles.

Here the roll is partly destroyed.
Mayors.

Thomas Owen, gen. * de Machenlleth.

Matheus Price, ar., gen. * de Llanidlos.

Thomas Yaughan, gener. * de Caersowse.

Noi'a Ballivor.
JoVes Parry et Humfridus Jones,^ ar., Balli et Justic. pacis
infra villa et lib'tat de Pola.

The rest illegible.
Signed Rowland Pugh, Ar. Vic.

Magna Inquis.
Thomas Juckes de Buttington, ar.
Ed'rus Wynne de Garth, ar.
Thomas Piers de Dolvorgan, ar.
Derwas Griffiths de Kernes, gen.
Rowland Lloyd de Llandyssil, gen.
Richard Morgan de Bronirod, gen.
WilHam Herbert de Dithienith, gen.
Thomas ap John de Llanbrynmaire, gen.
Evanus David ap Owen de Penstrod, gen.
Joh'es Garbette de Cletterwood,^ gen.

^ Humphrey Jones, of Welsh Pool, ap John ap Llewelyn ap John
ap Guttun ap Jenkin ap Evan ap Madock ap Howell ap David ap
Griffith ap Trahairn ap Pasgen. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 330.

2 John Garbett of Cletterwood in the parish of Buttington,
married Margaret, daughter of John Bishop of Kerry, by whom he
had : i. Richard Garbett of Talybont, or Buttington, who married
Margaret, daughter of Charles Lloyd of Great Hem, Forden, son of
Humphrey Lloyd, ap Francis Lloyd ap Humphrey Lloyd, sheriif in
1541. II. Edward Garbett. iii. Thomas Garbett. iv. Philip Garbett.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 287

Rictus Shenton de Llanwonog, gen.

Joh^es ap Edward ap Rees Lloyd de Llanvair^ gen.

Jollies Phillips de Ederton, gen.

Morgan Griffitlis de Penegos, gen.

Owinus Jervice de Hydan, gen.

Humffridus Parry de Llan^chydoll,,^ gen.

Hugh ap Richard de Gaer, gen.

Rowland Pughe^ Ar. Yic.

On the list, hut not of the Grand Jury,

fFrances Herbert de Dolgiog, ar.
Athelustan Owen de Rhiwsayson, ar.
Meredith Morgan de Aberhavesve, ar.
Joh'es Lloyd de Dolobran/ ar.
James Phillips de Kelynog, ar.
Richard Lloyd de Bskirgeiliog, gen.
Joh^es Wynne de Dolarthyn^ gen.
Willi^mus Kyflfyn de Bodvach^ gen.
Ed^rus Wynne de Llanwothin^ g^^'
Jenkin Owen de Llanidloes/ gen.
Jenkin Mores de Maesmawr^ gen.

Harl. If 8., 1936, fo. 17, et seq. The house in which he resided is
still called " Garbett's Hall," but is occupied as a farm-house.

1 He was the son of Harry ap Hugh by Catherine daughter of
" Roger Lloyd of Leighton, Esq." ap John Lloyd, natural son of
David Lloyd of Leighton, ap Sir Griffith Vaughan, Knt. Ban't.
(Gedwyn M.S.) His great-grandson Humphrey Parry of Llanerch-
hudol was living in 1689, and married Martha, daughter of " Kyffin
Lloyd of Pool, Esq." Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 332.

2 He was succeeded at Dolobran by his son Charles Lloyd. His
daughters were Margaret, married to " Robert Griffiths of Lasgwint ";
and Elizabeth, married to " lo'n DD ap Hugh of Llanvair in Kaer
Einion." Charles Lloyd of Dolobran married Mary, daughter of
Edward Stanley of Knockin, by whom he had John Lloyd,
Thomas Lloyd, Arthur Lloyd, Mary, Ellen, and Dorothy.
Harl MS.f 1936. " Charles Lloyd of Dolobran gent." was presented
in 1662, and at subsequent assizes, for nonconformity. He became
a member of the Society of Friends, and on his refusal to take the
oaths of supremacy and allegiance his estates were subject to a pre-
munire. He is said to have endured with patience and magnanimity
a ten years' imprisonment in Welsh Pool gaol. His great grandson
Sampson Lloyd was the father of Charles Lloyd, Esq., banker, of
Birmingham, who died 16th January 1828, aged 80. (Richard
Llwyd's Topographical Notices of Montgomery shire, p. 292.)

^ Of Dol-y-Llys in the parish of Llanidloes. See " Miscellanea
Historica," 1 Ch. I, note.

288 MISCELLANEA HtSTORICA.

Evan Bowen de Collfryn, gen.
JoVes Tilston de Mathravall, gen.
Reinald George de Uppington, gen.
Thomas Evans de Balseley, gen.
Rees Lloyd de Cownwey, gen.

On Juries.
Humffrey Jones of Coome, gen.
Joh'es Vaughan de Mivod, gen.
Morgan Evans de Llangerig/ gen.
David Lloyd Jeffrey de Castellmoch, gen.
Lod'wicus Evans de Castellmoch, gen.
ffranciscus Griffiths de ffordyn, gen.
JoVes Dekin de Mathraval, gen.
Ric'us Rogers de Gynynog, gen.
Thomas ap Owen de Broniarth, gen.
Silvanus Scarlet de Trewerne, gen.
Hugo Lloyd de Domgay/ gen.
Joh'es ap Richard de Garthmill, gen.
Evanns Griffith de Tredderwen, gen.
Lodowicus Lloyd de Gwestyd, gen.
David ap Oliver de Garth, gen.
Owinus Evan de Pentirch/ gen.
Rictus David de Caehowell, gen.
Thomas Jones de Varchoell, gen.
David ap Evan ap Owen de Gwerynog ucha^ gen.

Miscellanea Historica, 3 Chaeles I, 1627.

Magna 8ess. tent apud Polam, vicesimo tertio die Ajorilis anno
tertio Garoli Regis, etc.

Noi'a Ministro'm Bom. Regis Oom. 'p'd.
Noi'a Justic. jpacis, etc.
Tjx officio magistrates same as 2 Charles I.
Percens Herbert, miles et Baronett.
William Herbert, miles.

1 See Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 239.

2 His contemporary in the Domgay pedigree, Harl. MSS. 9864-5,
was " John Lloyd, ap Griffith ap Thomas ap Domgay, who married
Jane, daughter of Rich'd Williams of Ruthyn, Esqre."

^ Evan, ap Lewis ap David ap Bedo ap Evan Vaughan, of Pentyrch
in Llanvair, married Jane, daughter of John ap Evan ap Dalkin Ddu.
Their children were Owerij Maurice, Florence, and Margarets Lewys
Dwnn, vol. i, p. 286.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 289

Ed'rus FFoxe, miles. Carolus Herbert^ ar.

Johannes Herbert, miles. Matheus Price, ar.

Daniel Price, Sacr. Theo.Doct. Arthurus Price de Vaynor, ar.

et Decan. Heref. ffranciscus Herbert, ar.

Ffoulkonis Price, Sacr. Theo. Evanus Glynne, ar.

Doct. Meredith Morgan, ar.

Sampson Eure, ar. David Morris,^ ar. (Maesmawr

Timotheus Turner, ar. in Llandinam).

Joh'es Price de Newtowne, ar. Lloyd Piers, ar. (Maesmawr in

Eowland Pugh, ar. Guilsfield).

Jenkinus Lloyd, ar. Ed^^us Homes, ar.
Thomas Juckes, ar.

Same Coroners as 2 Charles I.
Thomas Pieers, ar., Escaetor, D'ni Regis.

Noi*a Maior^m.

Rictus Meredith, gen., maior vill. et lib. de Machynlleth.
Owen Gwyn, gen. * de Llanidloes.
Thomas Paxton^ gen. * de Caersowes.

Noi'a Ball, lihtat Com. jp^d.

Thomas Langford et David Lloyd, ar.. Ball, et Justic. ad
pacem infra vil. et libt. de Pola.

Joh'es Shrawley et Ric'us Davies, gen'osi. Ball, de Mount-
gomery.

Carolus Yaughan (?) et Galfridus (?) Lewis, gen'osi^ Ball, de
Llanvillinge.

Rictus Powell et Rictus Price, gen'osi. Ball, de Nova Villa.

Noi'a Senescall. D'ni Regis Com. p'd.

Joh'es Herbert, miles, Cap. Sen. ; Percei Herbert, milit. et
Baronett, Domij sui de Powys.

Herbertus Croft, miles. Cap. Sen. ; Percei Herbert, etc.,
Domii sui de Kerry, Kedewen et Montgomery.

Rowlandus Pugh, ar.. Cap. Sen. ; Hen. Purcell, ar., Domii
sui de Talerthuge.

* Price, ar.. Cap. Sen. ; ffranciscus Herbert, ar., firmar. ;
WilFmo Owen, milit., D'mi sui de Keveylioge.

Evanus Glyn, ar.. Cap. Sen.; Bd^-o Lloyd, ar., firmar.;
WilPmo Owen, milit. de Yssekoed Arustley.

David Blayney, gen.. Cap. Sen. pM. ; Ed'ro Lloyd, {rest
illegible) y * Dyther.

^ See " Miscellanea Historica", 9 James I and note.
VOL. VI. U

290 MISCELLANEA HISTORIC A.

Eic'us Griffith, gen. Cap. Sen.; Andrea Corbett, milit.
firmar. ; Ric'o Hussey, milit., D'mij sui de Nethergorther.

FFranciscus Barkley, ar.. Cap. Sen.; Ed'ro Purcell, ar.,
D'mij sui de Overgorther.

Ryc'us Olivers, gen.. Cap. Sen. ; Ed'ro Leigliton, ar., D'mij
sui de Bausley.

* Jones, ar.. Cap. Sen. ; Ed'ro Waties,i ar., D'mii sui
de Leigliton.

* Morgan, gen.. Cap. Sen. ; * Owen Price, D'mii
sui de Carno.

* * gen.. Cap. Sen. ; Arthuro Price, ar., D'mij sui
de Tyretref.

Willi'ms Gruffiths, gen.. Cap. Sen. ; Ed'ro Kynaston, ar.,
D'mij sui de Dynas.

Tkomas Rogers,^ gen., Cap. Sen. ; Joh'i Heyward, milit.,
Dmij sui de Stretm'cell.

* * Cap. Sen. ; David Price,^ gen., D'my sui de
Llanllygan.

Noi'a Ball. Hundred.
Willi'ms Pughj gen.. Ball, de Machynlleth.

* David, gen., * de Llanidloes.

* Owen, gen., de Nova Villa.
Georgius Price, gen., de Montgomery.
Ric'us Peerce, gen., Cawres.
Davidis Peerce, gen., de Pola.
Humffridus Morgan, gen., de Deythur.
Joh'es Humffrayes, gen., de Llanvyllinge.
Jacobus Davies, gen., de Mathravall.

Noi'a Jur. Mag.
Evanus Glynne de Glynne, ar.
Thomas Peers de Kery, ar.

^ Judge "Waties had recently purchased the Leighton estates from
the Lloyd family. The manorial rights, associated with those of
Binweston, and originally held together as one Knight's fee under
the Barony of Caus, were probably vested in Thomas Kerry of
Binweston, sheriff in 1618.

2 " Thomas Rogers de Varchoel gen." on the grand jury 16 James
I (see note 8 under that year in Miscellanea Historica) was the son
of Thomas ap Roger of Burgedin. He married Elizabeth, daughter
of Morris Wynn of Moeliarch. {Add MSS., 9864,5).

3 He was the son of William Price of Llanllygan, by Jane,
daughter of William Whittingham. See " Miscellanea Historica,"
10 James I, and note. He married Bridget, daughter of Edward
Price of Gunley. {Add MS. 9865 under " Llanllugan.)"

PUBLIC OFFICETIS. 291

Withan Jones de Trewythan, gen.
Rowlandus Lloyd de Llandusill, gen.
Johannis Pughe de Coome AdcoU^ (?) gen.
Derwas Griffith, gen.
Thomas Lloyd de Sylvaine, gen.
Humflfridus Griffith de Broniarth, gen.
Thomas ap John de Llanbrenmaire, gen.
Griffinus Morgan de Kaihilon, gen.
Riceus Jones de Tregynon, gen.
Morganus Edwards de Pentirch, gen.
Ed'rus ap Richard.

Riceus ap Howell ap Rydds de Carno, gen.
Hugh ap Evan de Llanbrinmaire, gen.
Evan ap Mathewe de Kery,^ gen.
Ric'us Ingram de Llanydlos, gen.

Signed, Ric'us Pugh, Ar. Vic.

Magna Sess. tenf apud Folam, primo die Odohris an. Caroli

tevtio, 1627.

Noia Magn. Jur.

Lloyd Pieres de Maesmaure, ar.
Rowlandus Lloyd de Llandyssell,^ gen.
Derwas Gruffith de Abergweidol, gen.
David Lloyd de Bryngwyn, gen.
William Roberts de Domgaye, gen.
Meredith ap David de Glyncayrige, gen.
Lodowicus Evans de Hengwin, gen.
Rob'tus Edwards de Beriow^e, gen.
Willi^mus Thomas de Gwerneybulch, gen.
Gruffinus Morgan de Penegoes, gen.
Morganus Edwards de Pentyrch,^ gen.
Rob^tus Jones de Llanvaire, gen.
Hugo Jones de Llanginiowe, gen.
Ed^rus Polhon de Varchoell, gen.
Ed'rus ap RichM de Llanvaire, gen.

^ He was probably the son of Mathew ap Watkin of Kerry, by
Mary, daughter of Charles Pryce. Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 319.

2 Rowland Lloyd of Gwern y Buarth or Bronywood, in the parish
of Llandyssil, was of the Meilir Gryg branch of the tribe of Brochwel
Ysgithrog, Prince of Powys. (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 300.) By
" Jane, v Tho's Jones p'son of Llangynyw, " he had Richard Lloyd,
Mary, and Grace. Harl. MSS., 1936/o. 17 et seq.

^ See Lewys Dwnn under " Melin y Gryg", vol. i, p. 286.

u 2

292 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Hugo ap leu^n ap Owen de Tavolwernej gen.
David ap Richard de Castell, gen.
Rictus Pugh, Ar. Vic.

Noi^a Ball. vill. et liht,

Oliverus Lloyd et Humffridus Gruffitlis^ armigeri, Balli et
Justic. pacis de Pola.

Thomas Price et Rictus Whittingham, gen'osi^ Ball, de
Mountgomery.

Carolus Vaughan et Gruffinus Lewis^ gen'osi, Balli de Llan-
vyllinge.

Rictus Powell et Rictus Price, gen^osi. Ball, de Nova Villa.

Miscellanea Histoeica, 4 Charles I, 1628.

10 Feb., 4 Charles I. A writ of covenant between FFrancis
Herbert, armiger, et Abigail, uxori ejus, and William Lewis
Anwill, armiger, concerning lands in Tavologe.

Examination of the aforesaid Abigail, taken at Dolgeeoge,
on the 13th Feb., before Edward Herbert and Richard Evans.

Witnessed and signed by Samuell Herbert, Edward Lloyd,
F. (?) Herbert, Abigail Herbert. (Record Office).

Miscellanea Historica, 5 Charles I, 1629.

8 April, 5 Charles I. A writ of covenant between Roger
Price, gen., and Thomas Mathewes, gen., concerning lands,
etc., in Ackley, Gunley. (Record Office).

Miscellanea Historica, 8 Charles I, 1632.

Magna Sessio tent, ajpud Polam (29 October, 8 Charles I).
Roll signed, Jacobus PhilUjoes, Ar. Vic.
Same magistrates as 9 Charles I,
* Glynne et Humfridus Davies, gen'osi, Coronato^res
D^ni Regis Com. (Montgomery) p'd.
Joh'es Vaughan, gen., Escaetor.

Noia Maiorm et Ball. vill. et libt,
Ed'rus Lloyd, gen., maior de Llanidloes.
Thomas Lewis, gen., maior de Caersous.
Carolus Jones et Ric'us Griffiths, armigeri, Balli et Justic.
pacis de Pola.

Thomas Price et Ric'us Whittingham,^ gen'osi, Balli de
Mountgomery.

The Whittiughams were of Court Caldemore near Montgomery.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 293

Joh^es Lloyd, ar., et Ed'rus Brees, gen.^ Balli de Llanvil-
linge.

Noi^a Senescall. D'ni Regis.

Lloyd Piers, ar.. Cap. Sen.; Percei Herbert, milit. et
Baron., D^ni sui de Powys.

Joh'es Blayney, ar.. Cap. Sen. ; Perceo Herbert, milit. et
Baron., D^ni sui de Kery, Kedewen, Halcetor, et Montgomery.

Evanis Glynn, ar., Cap. Sen. ; Ed'ro Lloyd, milit., firmar.

WilPo Owen, milit., D'mii sui de Keveliock, Arustley.

Jacobus Lloyd, gen., Cap. Sen. ; Ed^ro Lloyd, milit., firmar.

Will'mo Owen, milit., D'ni sui de Arustley Iscoed.

The Grand Jury the 2 daye of November, 1632, doe present
the p^sons under named for Kecusants of the p^ish of Guild-
ffeild in the county of Montgomery.

Matthew Porter of Tirymynech,^ gen.

Frances wife of Edd. foxe,^ Esq'r.

Martha the wife of Roger Grutfyth of Tirymynech, gent.

Mary the wife of Charles Gruffyth, gen.

Catherine the wife of David Lloyd of Tirymynich, gent.

John ffield, smyth, and Cath. his wife.

Clement field. Christian the mother of John field.

Anne the wife of Francis Thomas.

Presented ye 26 day of October, Ano. Regni Caroli nunc
Anglie octavo. Per me

Jo. Davies, Cler. Curat, ibm.

Noi'a Mag. Jar,
Joh^es Blayney de Tregynan, ar.
David Powell de Weston, gen.
Riceus Williams de Llanwithen, gen.
Riceus Jones de Moughtre, gen.
Thomas ap Owen de Broniarth, gen.
Thomas ap Edmond de Pola, gen.
RobHus Edds de Beriowe, gen.
Willi'ms Lewis de Llansanfraide, gen.
Joh^es ap Edward ap Ris Lloyd de Llanvaire, gen.

He was probably a son of Edward Whittingham, deputy sheriff in
1605 and M.P. for the Borough of Montgomery from 1603-1611.
See Mon. Coll., vol. iv. j?. 270, note.

^ He was probably the son of Edward and Elenor Porter, proscribed
in 1 Charles I, see Miscellanea Historica and note.

2 He was of Rhydheskyn, and was the second son of Sir Edward
Fox, Knight, of Gwernygo, sheriff in 1617, by his second wife, Eliza-
beth Somerset. **

294 MISCELLANEA HISTOKICA.

Hugh Cadd'r de Churclistocke, gen.
Jollies Powell de Weston, gen.
Owinus Jervice de Hudan ucha, gen.
Owinus leuan de Llanginiow, gen.
Evanus Meredith de Mathravall, gen.
David ap Jeffrey de Domgay, gen.
Carolus Powell de Hurdley, gen.
Joh^es Cadd'r de Castellwright, gen.

Jacobus Phillipps, Ar. Vic.

On the lid, hut not of the Grand Jiiri/.
Thomas Wynne de Garth/ gen.
Lumley Williams de Ystymcolwyne/ gen.
Ed^rus Powell de eadem, gen.
Walterus Grijffiths de Llanvechain,^ gen.

^ Thomas Wynne of Garth, in the parish of Guilsfield, was the son
of Edward Wynne, on the grand jury 16 James I. See " Miscellanea
Historica" and note. Thomas Wynne married Martha, daughter of
Arthur Harries of Cundover, in the County of Salop, and brother of Sir
Paul HsiTries, first Baronet of Boreatton, by whom he had, i, Edward
Wynn, baptized at Guilsfield 7 February, 1620. He married Mary,
daughter of "David Edwards of Redkiffa in London, gent." ii, Dudley
Wynn, baptized at Guilsfield 9 February 1624. We was of Llan-
fyllin and an attorney to the Council of the Marches of Wales. He
married " Mary, daughter of Oliver Price Kyfronydd gent., or, a
lion ramp, gules, with a bordure engrailed of the 2nd," by whom he
had Charles and William, twins, living in 1676, Margaret, Eliza-
beth and Martha, all living in 1676. iii, Richard Wynne, who settled
at Barbadoes. iv, Arthur Wynne, o.s.p. v, Thomas, son of Thomas
Wynne, gent, baptized at Guilsfield 16 September, 1630, o.s.p. i,
Hannah, o.s.p. ii, Margaret Wynne " wife to John Jones of Park
Eyton inErbistock, gent., both living 16 June, 1677," by whom she
had Martha Jones, who married " Edd. Morris of Cae Mawre in Glyn
Ceiriog, gent. January 2nd, — 82, descended from Tudor Trefor.
Armor. Party per bend sinister ermine and ermines, a lion ramp, or,
armed gules.^^ The Genealogie of the Ancient and ivorsMpH family of
Wynyie of Garth * hy John Salashury de ErhistocJce, Jan. 16, 1677.

2 Lumley Williams was the son of Henry Williams of Cochwillan,
(who sold the latter estate to the Earl of Pembroke, by whom it was
afterwards sold to John Williams, Lord Keeper of the great seal, for
£10,000) by Jane, daughter and heiress of Thomas Salusbury of
Denbigh, third son of Sir John Salusbury of Lleweny, Denbighshire,
Knt. Lumley Williams married Dorothy, daughter and heiress of
Thomas ap Rhys, ap David, ap Ithell, of Ystymcolwyn, on the grand
jury on the 36th and 43rd of Elizabeth. See "Miscellanea Historica"
under those years, and notes, by whom he had " John Williams of
Ystymcolwyn, gent." on a jury list, in 1653.

'^ Walter Griffiths was of Brongain in the parish of Llanfcchain

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

295

Joh'es Mathews de Trevenanney, gen.
Humfrus Lloyd de Penrin Yeclian^ gen.

" Montgomery. Llandinam, Hilary Term, 8 Charles I.
Pleas and decree for the restitution of lands there to John
David ap Eees^ an outlaw '^ (fo. 23^ vol. x, N. W. Rolls).

Miscellanea Historical 9 Charles I^ 1033.

Mountgomery, 28 October , 9 Charles J. Kalendar. prison suh

salvo custod. Johannis Hayiuardj milit., Vic. Com. pred.

Noi^a Offic. et Jiistic. pads Com., pred.

Thomas D'ns Coventrey, D^ns Arthurus Price, ar. (Yaynor
Custos Magni Sigilli, etc. " — - —

Ric'us D'ns Weston, D'ns
Thesaurus Anglie.

Henricus Comes Manchester,
Custos Privat. Sigill.

Joh'es Comes Bridgwater,
P^sidens Consilii March.
Walhe.

Willi^mus D'ns Powis.

Ed'rus D'ns Herbert.

Joh'es Bridgman, miles. Jus-
tic.

Marmaducus Lloyd, miles,
Justic.

Perceus Herbert, nail, et Ba-
ronet.

Ed'rus Lloyd, miles (Berth -
llwyd).

Ric'us Herbert,^ ar. (? Mont-
gomery).

Sampsonus Eure, ar.

Timotheus Turner, ar.

and the son of George Griffiths, by Alice daughter of John or Hugh
Vaughan, rector of Llansaintffraid. He married Catherine, daughter
of Roger Kynaston of Hordley. See his letter to his nephew Roger
Kynaston, "Miscellanea Historica," 12 Charles I, and jlfont. Coll.,
vol. V, p. 260.

^ He had a contemporary of the same name, viz., Richard Herbert
ofMeivod, son of Richard Herbert of Parke, sheriff in 1576, 1584.
The eldest son of Edward Lord Herbert of Chirbury and second
Lord Herbert of Chirbury, was more probably the county n^agistrate
above.

EFranciscus Herbert, ar. (Do-

leguog).
Rowlandus Pughe, ar. (Math-

avarn).
Athelastanus Owen, ar. (Rhiw-

saeson).
Carolus Herbert, ar. (Aston).
Joh'es Blayney, ar. (Gregy-

nog).
Matheus Price, ar. (Parke).
Evan Glynn e, ar. (Glynn).
Meredd. Morgan, ar. (Aber-

havesp).
Joh'es Lloyd, ar. (Dolobran).
David Morris, ar. (Maesmawr

in Llandinam).
Ric'us Pughe, ar. (Dolycors-

lyn).

Lloyd Peires, ar. (Maesmawr

in Guilsfield).
Ed'rus Lloyd, ar. (Trevenant).

296 MISCELLANEA HISTOl^IOA.

Eic'us Glynne et Humffrus Davies, gen'osi, Coronatores
D'ni Eegis Com. pred.

Thomas Peires, ar., Escaetor, D'ni Eegis Cora. p'd.

Chief Stewards of Lordships y etc.

Joli'es Blayney, ar._, Cap. Sen. Perceo Herbert, milit. et
Baronet^ D'mi sui de Kerry, Kedewen, lialcetor, et Mountg^.

Evanus Glynne, ar.. Cap. Sen. Ed^ro Lloyd, milit., ffirmar.
Will'mo Owen, mil., D^ni sui de Uchcoed Arustley.

Jacobus Lloyd, gen.. Cap. Sen. Ed'ro Lloyd, mil., flSrmar
Will. Owen, milit., D'ni sui de Arwstley Yscoed.

Owen Humffreys, gen'os, Maior de Llanydloes.

Humffrid. Jones et Howell ap Anthony, armigeri, Balli et
Justic. pacis infra vil. et lib'tat de Pola.

Eondle Lloyd et Thomas Langford, gen'osi, Balli de Llan-
villinge.

Howell Jones et Eic'us Davis, gen'osi, Balli de Mount-
gomery.

Noi^a Capital. Constah. pads D^ci B^ni Regis.

Joh'is Jones et Eeignald ap Eobert, gen'osi. Cap. Constab.
Hundred de Pola.

Eic'us Jones et Galfrid. Jeffreys, gen'osi, Cap. Con. Hun. de
Cause.

Joh'es Owen et Owenus ap Howell, gen'osi, „ Hun. de
Mathravall.

Mauricius Yaughan et Joh'es Humffrey, gen'osi, „ Hun.
de Llanvillinge.

Joh'es Lloyd et Eob'tus Tannatt,^ gen'osi, „ Hun. de
Dythur.

Ed'rus Mores et Eic'us Baxter, gen'osi, „ Hun. de Nova
Villa.

Howelles ap lo's Cadd'r et Michaell Middleton, gen'osi,

,, Hun. de Mountgom'y.

Morganus Jo's Watkin et Joh'es Jenkin, gen'osi, „
Hun. de Machynlleth.

Evanus Lloyd et Nicholaus Bennett, gen'osi, „ Hun. de
Llanydloes.

Noi^a BalUvor. cujuslihet Hundred Com. p'd.
Lodovicus Lloyd, gen.. Ball., Hund. de Mathravall; Theo-

' Eobert Tanat of Trewylan, in the parish of Llansaintffraid, and
hundred of Deythur, was the son of Edward Tanat ap Geoffrey
Tanat of Trewylan. His grand- daughter Catherine, married
Edmund Price son of Edward Price of Gunley. {Mont. Coll., vol. iv.
p. 151.)

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 297

philus Lloyd, gen., „ Dythur ; Humffridd. Charles, gen..
Nova Villa ; David Morgan, gen., „ Machynlleth ;
EobHus Griffith, gen., „ Pola; Joh^es Oliver, gen., „
Montgomery ; Eob'tus Vaughan, gen., „ Cause ; Hugh
Price, (?) gen., „ Llanydloes; HumjBPrid's Gruffith, gen.,

„ Llanvillinge.

Joh^es Hayward, Miles. Yic.
Noi^a Mag. Jur.

Rowlandus Pughe, ar. (Mathavarn).

Joh'es ap Edward ap Rees Lloyd, gen. (Llanvair).

Thomas ap Owen, gen. (Broniarth).

Humffridus ap Harry de Llann'chudol, gen.

Thomas Williams, gen. (Dolware).

Evanus Bowen, gen. (Collfryn).

Galfridus Penrhyn, gen.

Humffrid. ap Richard, gen. (Burgedinge).

Ric'us Griffiths, gen. (de Gaire).

Thomas Griffiths, gen. (Garth).

Gruffinus Rees, gen. (Trefnant).

Matheus Gyttins, gen. (Uppington).

David ap leu'n, gen. (Brynellen).

Thomas Lloyd, gen. (Sylvayne).

Ed'rus Owen, gen. (Llanwthyn).

JoVes Lloyd, gen. (de Cowney).

Evanus Gruffith (de Tretherwen).

Johannis Hayward, Miles, Vic.
On the list, hut not of the Grand Jury.

Lloyd Piers de Maisemawre, ar.

David Lloyd de Bryngwyn, gen.

Wythen Jones de Llyssiu, gen.

Joh'es DD ap Rees de Kyffi-onidd, gen.

DD Lloyd ap leu^n de Llanwnoge, gen.

Derwas Gruffith de Darowen, gen.

Jenkinus Mores de Maisemawre, gen.

Owinus Blayney de Ystimgwerne, gen.

Thomas ap Hughe de Leighton, gen.

Henri cus Parry de Bodyddon, gen.

Reignald Robart de Llansanfraide, gen.

Henricus Tudor de Bodynvol, gen.

Gruffinus Mores de Bulchaythen,^ gen.

^ Griffith Morris of Bwlch Aeddan was the son of Maurice ap
David ap leuan of Bwlch Aeddan, or the pass of Aeddan in the
parish of Guilsfield. This pass is supposed to have been named after
Aeddan ap Cyiigen, Lord of Guilsfield, Broniarth, and Deuddwr,

298 MISCELLANEA HISTORIC A.

Erasmus Evans de Kevenymynych/ gen.

Eic'as Lloyd de Mouglitre,^ gen.

Ed'rus Price de Kevelwage, gen.

Galfridus Cadd'r de Brithdire, gen.

Morgan Edwards de Pentirch, gen.

Owinus ap Howyll de Moylereliarth, gon.

Evanus Jones de Gelliegasson^ gen.

Riceus Jones de Moughtre, gen.

Rictus Lloyd de Bachaythlon, gen.

Lodowicus Lloyd de Gwested, gen.

Rictus Powell de Dyffryn Llanvaire, gen.

Lodowicus Lewis de Deithienedd,^ gen.

Rictus Bowen de Penir allt/ gen.

Thomas ap Humphrey ap Hugh de Llanwryn, gen.

Thomas Cadd^r de Llanbrenmaire, gen.

Ric'us Mores de Darowen, gen.

Joh'es Hayward^ Miles^ Yic.

" 7 Sept., 1633. Declaration of the uses of a fine by Roger
Kynaston, Esq^r, of the manor of Hordley, made between him
of the first part ; John Newton and Edward Yaughan of the
second part ; and Mary Kynaston of Hordley, widow, late wife

second son of Eliseg, Prince of Powys, from whom Griffith Morris
was a direct descendant. " Moriceus DD ap Jeun de Bwlcharthan,
gen." appears frequently as a grand juror. See " Miscellanea
Historica," 4th James I and note.

^ Erasmus Evans of " Cumby DDolfa Llanfihangel yny Keri "
was the son of " Evan, ap Matthew, ap Evan, ap Ivor, descended
from Ivor Hael, by Margaret, daughter of Evan Lloyd of Gardd-
fagwin, in Radnorshire." Erasmus Evans married " Sara, daughter
of Wm. Kynaston of Ruabon idm q'd Oatley," by whom he had
Richard Evans, married to " Elizabeth, daughter of John Kynaston
of Ruabon being his cousin german," Sara, and Mary. Harl. MSS.,
vol. 1936, fo. 17 et seq.

^ Richard Lloyd ap David Lloyd ap Morgan of Mochdre descended
from Elystan Glodrydd married Anne, daughter of Edward Purcell
of Nantcribba, sherifi'in 1625.

^ Lodovick Lewis ap Maurice ap Lewis of Dethenydd in the parish
of Llandinam was of the tribe of Brochwel Ysgithrog, Prince of
Powys. He married Ellen, daughter of Jenkin ap Maurice, and
sister of David Maurice of Maesmawr, on the roll of magistrates 3
Charles I, by whom he had Maurice Lewis. The latter married
Ehzabeth, sole heir of Richard Wilson ap John Wilson, probably of
Bodayoch, in the parish of Trefeglwys. They had issue Lodovick
Lewis. See Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 302-3 under " Pen Rhuddlan."

^ See " Miscellanea Historica", 16th James I, and note.

PUBLIC OFFICERS. 299

of Edward Kynaston, late of Hordley, Esq^r, deceased, and
natural mother of the said Roger Kynaston, of the third
part/' {Schedule of Kynaston Papers.)

10 Sept., 1633. Roger Kynaston, Esq'r, of Hordley to Sir
Percy Herbert of Pool Castle, Knt. and Bart., grant of a piece
of land known by the name of Carehere, situate in Trallwyn-
gollen, in fee or exchange, not executed. Same to Sir Henry
Herbert. (Ibid.)

Denbigh and Montgomery, Mich'as Term, 9 Charles I. Pleas
and decree touching land there for Tho's Morice.

Idem, A quietus, 29 Nov., 9 Charles I, for a debt due to
the Crown, for Theodore Morrice. (Fo. 38, vol. 10, N. W.)

Montgomery, Hil. Term, 9 Charles I. Pleas and decree
touching the outlawry of Eleazer Jones. (Fo. 42, lb.)

" 9 July, 9 Charles I. Montgomery, Arustley and Kevilli-
ocke lordships. Exemplification of the patent of Sir Tho's
Middleton for ever." (Fo. 127, vol. 10, N. W. Bolls.)

Miscellanea Histoeica, 10 Charles I, 1634.

Calendar prisonar in cust. Philippi Eyton, Mil. Vic. Com. Com.
Montg. coram JohHs Bridgman, Mil. serviens ad legem Jusf.ic.
Die. Com.. p)'d et Marmaducus Lloyd, Mil. alter Justic. diet.
Com. ad Magn. Session, tent ajpud Polam quinto die May, An.
Begni diet. Bom. n'ri reg. Caroli nunc Angl. et decimo.

Noi'a Jur, in prima Inquis.

Hundred de Llanvillinge —

Joh'es Lloyd de Dolobran, ar.

Rob'tus Williams de Nantmiched, gen.

Cadd'r ap Hugh de Myvod,^ gen.

Humffrid. DD Cadd^r de Bachie, gen.

Rogerus Calcott de Brynelltyn, gen.
Hun. de Mountgomery —

Som'sett ffoxe de Gwernygo,^ ar.

^ Those jurors whose names are in italics were on the grand

2 Somerset Fox was the eldest son of Sir Edward Fox, Knight,
sheriff in 1617, by his second wife Elizabeth, reUct of Ratcliff
Gerard of Halsall in the county of Lancaster, and only daughter of
Sir Charles Somerset, Knight, fifth son of Henry Earl of Worcester,
and standard-bearer to the band of Gentlemen Pensioners. His son
Somerset Fox was a colonel in the army of Charles I and died at
Ludlow in 1689. Edward, second son of Sir Charles Fox, by Eliza-

300 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Samuell Edd^s de Castellwriglit, gen.

Ric'us Lloyd de BachaytMon, gen.

Carolus Powell de Hurdley, gen.

Ed^rus Bishope de Clothie, gen.

Thomas Bowen de Castellwright, gen.
Hun. de Pola.

Gruffiniis Mores de BulchaytJien, gen.

David Lloyd de Brongwyn, gen.

Humffrid. Gruffith de Bronyarth, gen.

Daniel Edd's de Llansanfraide/ gen.

DD Derwas de Bronyarth,^ gen.

Thomas Gruffithes de Garth, gen.
Hun. de Deythur —

Roh'tus Tamiatt de Trewylan, gen.

Joh'es Evans de Tretherwen vore, gen.
Hun. de Cause —

David Powell de Weston, gen.

Bicus Griffithes de Gaire, gen.

DD ap Anthony de Hopton, gen.

Thomas Lloyd de Sylvaine, gen.

Ei'cus ap Edd. de Brithdire, gen.
Hundred de Mathravall —

Wythen Jones de Lyssen, gen.^

Joh'es Lloyd de Cowney/ gen.

Morgan Edd's de Pentirch/ gen.

beth Somerset, was settled at Rhydheskyn in the parish of Guilsfield.
His wife Frances was presented for recusancy before the grand jury
at the Assizes 8th Charles I. The following is in the Guilsfield
Register. "1631 Edwardus, filius Edwardi ftoxe ar. Sep. 20 Dec."

1 See Lewys Dwnn's Vis. of Wales^ vol. i, p. 280 under " Llan St.
FFraid in Deuthwr."

2 David Derwas of Broniarth and Penrhyn Yechan was sixth in
descent from Sir Griffith Yaughan, Knight Banne't, of Garth in
Guilsfield. His father Owen Derwas was on a grand jury list of 21
James I. See "Miscellanea Historica," and note. David Derwas,
by Blanche, daughter of Edward ap Thomas of Hendrehene had
" Johannis filius David Derwas, gen., bap. 29 Aug. 1624 " (Guilsfield
Register). John Derwas married " Cath. s.h. of John Kynaston of
Llyn-y Mapsil, by whom he had David Derwas of Llyn-y-mapsil (?)
living in 1700, and married to " Dorothy, dr. of John Edwards, Esq're,
of Nest leyhaing (?) Esq're." Ad. MSS., 9864-5, under " Derwas
of Llandrinio."

^ "Miscellanea Historica", 17 James I.

4 His father, Rees Lloyd of Conway, was on the grand jury, 1 6
James I.

* On the grand jury, 3 Charles I.

PUBLIC OFFICEES.

301

Owen ap Howell de Moylevelliarth, gen.

Evanus Meredd. de Mathravall, gen.

DD ap leu'n DD ap Owen de Gwenynoge, gen.

Hugo ap leu'n de Goome, gen.
Hundred de Nova Yilla —

Owen Blayney de Ystymgwen^ gen.

Edwardus Blayney de Vachllm (?) gen.

Thomas Kees de Llanllygan, gen.

Edmundus Price de Bettus, gen.

Ricus 'Baxter, gen,

Riceus Williams de Aberhechan, gen.

Ricus Poivell de Dyffryn Llanvairj gen.
Hundred de Llanidloes —

Evan Glynn de Glynn, ar.

Jenkinus Mores de Maesmawr, gen.

Rictus Bowen de Pen-ir-alt, gen.

Morganus Evans de Glinbrochan, gen.

Joh^es Kynsy de Dethienithj gen.
Hun. de Maclianlletli —

ffranciscus Herbert de dolgioge, ar.

Derwas Griffith de DaroweUj gen. (foreman.)

Ric'us Pughe de Penrhose, gen.

Henricus Vauglian de Machynlleth, gen.

Noia 8'cde Inquis.

Hundred de Pola —

Thomas ajp Owen de Broniarthj gen.

Humffrid. ap Richard de Trelydan,^ gen,

HumfF. Jones de Coome, gen.
Hundred de Cause —

Rogerus ffrances de Trewerne.

Gruffinus Rees de Trefnant, gen.

Humffrid. Cartwright de Ederton, gen.

Joh^es Howell de eadem, gen.

DD ap leu'n ap Owen de Hope, gen.

ffranciscus Griffith de FForden, gen.

Jeffrey Richards de Gruggion.
Hundred de Llanvillinge —

Thomas Williams de Dolware, gen.

Humffrid ap John Williams de Penyarth, gen,

VD ap Richard Lewis de eadem, gen.

^ See " Miscellanea Historica'
^ See " Miscellanea Historica'

1 Charles I, and note.
1 Charles I.

302 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Galfrid's Cadd'r de Brithdire, gen.

Thomas ap Owen de Nantmiched, gen.
Hundred de Dythur —

Hugo Lloyd de Domgay,^ gen.

Galfrid's Penrhyn de Collfryn, gen.

Evanus Griffitli ap DD de Tretherwen, gen.

Thomas Austin de Llandrinio, gen.

Evan Gruffith ap Jolm Mors Tretherwen.
Hundred de Mathravall —

Hugo Jones de Coetalloge, gen.

Riceus ap Mathew de Llanginiowe, gen.

DD ap leu^n de Brynellen, gen.

Oliverus Humffrey de Kenhinva, gen.

Evanus ap John de Dolger, gen.

DD ap Joh'es ap leu'n de Craino, gen.

Ed'rus Bees de Kyffin, gen.

Ric'us Jones de Trevenant.

FFranciscus Humffries de Trevenant.
Hund. de Mountgomery —

Rictus Lloyd de Moughtre^ gen.

Joh'es Powell de Castelwright^ gen.

Evanus ap John ap Robt's de Dolver, gen.

Hugo Mynton de Penygelly, gen.
Hund. de Nova Yilla —

Humfrid's Jones de Bhandire, gen,

Ric'us Mathewe de eadem, gen.

Eliseus Morris de Tregynon, gen.

Mauricius Thomas de Bettus, gen.

Jacobus Baxter de Bryncamhisire, gen.

Thomas Rees de Manavon, gen.
Hundred de Llanydloes —

Gruffinus ap Jenk'n de Stredynod^ gen.

Joh'es Tilsley de Dolegooden, gen.

Evanus ap Jenkin ap Rees de Llanywared, gen.

Matheus Glace de Llanwnoge^ gen.

Bohert Bees de Brangarth. -
Hund. de Machynlleth-
Thomas ap Humffrey ap Hughe de Llanwryn, gen.

Joh^es Pugh de Darowen^ gen.

Thomas Cadd^r de Llanbrinmaire^ gen.

Willim's Pughe de Kemes, gen.

Lodovicus Evans p^ochie de Machynlleth, gen.

Morganus WatMn de Penegoes, gen.

1 "

Miscellanea Historica", 2 Charles I.

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

303

Apiid Trevenant/^ 1 December, 10 Charles I, a deposition
^' coram Edwardo Lloyd, armig., uno Justic. ad pacem Com.
p'd (Montgomery/^)

'^ Apud Berthllwyd/' 11 March, 10 Charles I, a deposition
coram Ed'ro Lloyd, milit., uno Justic. ad pacem, etc.

Magna Inquis.

Kic^us Pugh de doleycorslwyne, ar.

Derwas Griffiths de Kemes, gen.

Rowland Lloyd de Bronywood, gen.

Rictus Pughe de Penrhose, gen.

DD Lloyd Mer'dd de Llanwryn, gen.

Gruffinus David Cadd'r, gen.

Owinus Blayney de Ystymgwerne, gen.

Humflfrid. ap Harry de Llan'chydoll, gen.

Ric'us Griffiths de Gaire, gen.

Gruffinus ap Jeffrey, gen.

Hugo Penrhyn de Llandryneo, gen.

Owinus Lewes de Graige, gen.

DD ap leu'n ap DD de Pentirch, gen.

Tho. ap Edd. de Drevor, gen.

Joh'es Powell de Weston, gen.

Lodowicus G Wynne de Mayne, gen.

Signed Ph'us Eyton, Mil. Yic.

S'cda Inquis, (on the list.).

Hund. de Cause —

Ed^rus Lloyd de Trefnant, ar.

JoVes Bowdler de Middletowne, gen.

Nicholas Wynn de Llettygyn worth, gen.

ffi:*ancis Griffith de ffi^rdon, gen.

Humffi:id. Cartwright de Ederton, gen.

Ed'rus Price de Kilkewedd, gen.

Oliverus Jones de Gyngroge, gen.
Hund. de Llanvillinge —

John Bowdler de Tiretref, gen.-

Hugo ap Rees Cadd'r de Garnorion, gen.
Mountgomery Hun. —

Rictus Lloyd de Moughtre, gen.

Ric'us Griffith de Churchstoke, gen.

Coroner's inquest, p' sacrm. Arthuri Lloyd de Hope, gen.
Apud Castrum de Pola, 22 Sep. 10 Charles I, a deposition
aken cora Perceo Herbert, milite et Baronet, uno Justicia-
riorum dci D'ni Regis in Com. Mountgomery.

304 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

" Apud Dom. mansional Charoli Price de Meyvod^ in Com.
p'd/' 11 Aug. 10 Charles I.

Miscellanea Histoeica^ 11 Charles I, 1635.

Calendar. Prison in salva custod. Thome Ireland, Ar. Vicecom.
Com. pred (Montgomery) j coram Joli'e Bridgm,an, uno servien
ad legem Justic. die. Com. Ad Magna 8essio, tent, ajrnid
Polam, 20 Aprilis, an. Caroli * undecimo,

Noi^a Jur. Magna,
Evanus Lloyd de Llanwnog/ gen.
Eic'us Pughe de Penrliose, gen.
Thomas ap Owen de Bronyarth, gen.
Humfry Griffith de Bronyarth,^ gen.
Thomas Williams de Doleware, gen.
Willi'ms Moody de Bodynval/ gen.
Howellus ap John Cadd'r de Mellington, gen.
Ric'us Griffiths de Gaire^ gen.
CaddV William de Teirtree (? Teirtref), gen.
Rob'tus Gruffith de Varchoell, gen.
Willi'ms George de Llanidloes, gen.
David ap Edward de Domgay, gen.
Moriceus Price de Beriowe, gen.
Rio' us ap Richard de Gwernawge.

Signed, Thomas Ireland, Ar. Vic.

On the list J hut not of the Grand Jury.
Thomas Piers de Dolevorgan, ar., Hund. de Nova Villa.
Ed'rus Lloyd de Trevenant, ar., Hund. de Mountgomery.

^ David Lloyd ap Meredith, seventh in descent from Einion ap
Seisyllt, Lord of Mathavarn, had two sons; Evan, the ancestor of the
Morgans of Aberhafesp (Lewys Dwnn, vol. i, p. 299), and Howell,
the ancestor of the Lloyds of Llanwnog, the Powells of Llanbrynmair,
{Ibid., p. 306), and other local families. Evan Lloyd, seventh in
descent from the above David Lloyd ap Meredith, was the eldest son
of David ap Evan by Ellen, daughter of David ap Henry of Oerffrwd,
situate midway between the churches of Carno and Llanwnog (Ibid,
p. 305). He took a prominent part on the Cromwellian side during
the Civil War; and in 1646, as " Captain Evan Lloyd", was in charge
of Montgomery Castle.

^ See note, 10th James I.

^ "William Moody de Bodynvol, gen.", appears again on the
grand jury in 16th Charles I, also in 1640. It was probably a mem-
ber of his family who was settled at Ffinnant Uchaf. Mont. Coll.,
vol. V, pp. 263-7.

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

305

Jollies David ap Eees de Kyffronidd/ gen.

Edmund Redge of Trelustan, gen.

Jollies Bowdler de Tiertree (? Tiertref).

Joli'es Bowdler de Dolobran, gen.

Humfrid. David Lloyd de Mayne.

Ric'us ap Roger FFoulke de Burgedinge.

Thomas Pughe de Abergwydol^ gen.

Hugo Lloyd de Domgay/ gen.

David Lloyd de Bryngwyn_, gen.

Thomas Griffiths de Garth^ gen.

Rowland Lloyd de LlandyssiX^ gen.

Lodovicus Lloyd de Gwested^ g^^-t Hun. de Nova Villa.

Reginald Hussey of Criggion,* gen.

Meredd. DD ap David ap Rees of LlanwrchydolL

Summon, ad Magn. Sess. tent, apud Polam, 2 May, 11 Charles I.
Endorsed " Meredith Morgan, Ar. Vic."

Inquis. Magna.
David Lloyd de Llanwonog, gen.

Rowlandus Lloyd de Bronyworde,^ g'^n., Hun. de Newtowne.
Humffridus Griffith de Bronyarth, gen.
Ric'us Pughe de Penrhoss, gen.
Ric'us Lloyd de Moughtre^ gener.
Moricius Thomas de Bettws.
Morganus EddwMs de Pentirch/ gen.
Ric'us Wilson de Manlleth/ gen.
Cadwalader ap Hugh de Diffryn, gen.
Humffrey Lloyd de Penrhyn Yechan^ g^^*
Evanus Griffith de Tretherwen, gen., Mybion Gwnwas.
Richard Griffiths de Gaer, gen.
Oliverus Jones de Gyngrog, gen.

^ See 16 James L

2 See " Miscellanea Historica", 2 Charles I.

3 See 3 Charles I.
* He was probably a son of Sir Richard Hussey of Criggion, Knt.,

: sheriff in 1607, by Eliza, daughter of Reginald Williams, of Will-
aston, sheriff in 1594.

^ See " Miscellanea Historica", 3 Charles I.

6 See 3 Charles I.

7 In the 14th Charles II, 1662, we find " Ricus Wilson de Boday-
[och, gen." on a grand jury list for the hundred of Llanidloes. He

was probably a relative, if not identical with the above, and the father
of Rev. John Wilson, Vicar of Penegoes, who was buried at Trefeg-
Iwys, 4 September, 1728. Richard Wilson, the landscape painter, is
said to have been the son of the latter.

VOL. \I. X

306 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Meredith ap David de Dysserth.^

Rictus ap leu^n Bedowe, gen., Hun. de Moimtgomeiy.
Signed, Meredith Morgan, Ar. Vic.
Llanydloes Hundred —

Matheus Price de Parke penprice/ gen.

Ric'us Bowen de Pen-yr-alt Goch,^ gen.

Ed^rus Evans de Clochvaine issa/ gen.

William Thomas de Llanbrynmaire/ gen.

Oliverus David Lloyd de Mayne, gen.
Llanvilling Hundred —

David ap John de Trevnanney.

Evanus Meredith de Mathravall, gen.

Thomas ap Owen de Bronyarth, gen.
Mountgomery Hundred —

Rictus Lloyd de Moughtre, gen.

Hugh Mynton de Kerry, gen.

Samuel Edw'ds de Castlewright.^

Miscellanea Historica, 13 Charles I, 1637.

Carohis Dei Gra. Anglie, etc., et Rexfidei defens., etc. Vic. Com.
Mountgomery , SaWm jp'* Jo'n Bridgman, Milit., serviens ad
legem Justic. Apud Polam, quarto die Novemhrij Anno
Begni Regis tercio decimo. Endorsed JoVes Newton,^ Ar. Vic.
''Apud Aberhavesp,^^ a deposition made 11th December,

" coram me, Meredith Morgan, ar.^^

^ See " Miscellanea Historica", 1 Charles I.

2 See 20th and 21st James L

^ See 16 James I, and 9 Charles I.

^ Edward ap Evan ap Jenkyn ap Maurice of Clochfaen Issaf had
a. sister Catherine, who married Owen Gwynn, second son of
Morgan Gwynn of Llanidloes, sheriff in 1582. Evan ap David Lloyd
ap Jenkin, first cousin of Edward ap Evan of Clochfaen Issaf, and
ancestor of the Lloyds of Clochfaen, appears on grand juries of the
county in 4th and 20th James I, and 1 Charles I. See " Miscellanea
Historica", 4th James I, and Mont. Coll., vol. ii, p. 273.

^ William ap Thomas, of Pentre Cynddelw in the parish of Llan-
brynmair, ap William, ap Thomas, ap John, ap David of Pentre
Cynddela, ap Gwilym, ap Bedo, ap Gutto, ap Dio, ap Madog Hir,
a younger son of GrifSth of Rhiwsaeson, ap leuan, ap Meilir, ap
Henwyn of Rhiwsaeson. He had a son Humphrey Williams. Add.
MS., 9865, British Museum.

6 See " Miscellanea Historica", 10th James I, 1 Charles I.

7 John Newton of Heightley in the parish of Chirbury, was the
son of Francis Newton of Heightley, sheriff in 1595, by Mary,
daughter of Reginald Corbet of Stoke and Adderley, Judge of the
Queen's Bench in 1559. John Newton was sheriff of Shropshire in
1635. See Mont. Coll., vol. v, pp. 443, et seq.

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

307

Apud Trevenant, 2 March, 14 Chas. I, a.d. 1638, cora' me
Edd^o Lloyd, armiger, uno Justiciar, dci D'ni Kegis ad pacem
in Com.^' (Montgomery).

" Apud Dole y Corstlowin, 12 Nov., a.d. 1638,^^ a deposition
taken ^^ coram me Rich'o Pughe, ar., uno Justic, etc."

"1 June, 1637, Eoger Kynaston of Hordley, Esq'r, to
Oliver Pierce, lease of a meadow at three penny tacke of hay
:in Gungrog vechan, in a meadow called Dol-y-Kyvion, for 21
years" {Schedule of Kynaston Pajpers) .

"1 Aug., 1637, Montgomery. An order for discharging a
[recognizance for Richard Griffith" (fo. 101, vol. x, N. W. Rolls),

The following were presented as recusants before the judge
of assize, 17th Oct., 1636. By Johan. Assaphen. Guild-
ffield.

Edwardus fibxe de Rhydesgyn, armiger, at ffrancisca ejus

uxor.

The Jury,

Thomas Edwards de Keelkewydd, gen.
Robertus Edwardes de Burgedinge, gen.
Evanus Bowen de Pencastell.
Rictus Ingram de Glynhavren,^ gen.
Joh^es Jervis de Hydan, gen.
Hugo Dickenson de Gwenynog, gen.
Galfridus Atkinson de Collfryn, gen.
JoVes Griffith de FForden, gen.
Reignaldus Robert de Trallwnog gollen, gen.
ffii-anciscus Dakin de Tyddyn Preed, gen.
Ed'rus ap John Lewis de Trefedryd, gen.
Reignaldus ap Richard de Woodlaston, gen.
Thomas Sitterdowne de Killigasson, yom.
Cadd^r ap Hughe de Myvod, gen.
Henricus ap leu^n de Pentirch.
Gruffinus William de Garth, gen.

'MO Sep. 1636. Messrs. Whittingham to Richard Price,
Rowland Pugh, and Meredith Morgan. Marriage settlement
of John Whittingham and Mary Purcell upon an estate at
^Sylvayne, Gayre, Disserth, Cletterwood, and Maydocke, in
bhe Castell Pool, Llanlymore, Berriew, Buttington, and Llan-

^ See " Miscellanea Historica", 8 Charles I, 10th Charles I.
^ " Ricus Ingram de Glynhafren, Ar.", probably his sou, was
sheriff in 1680.

X 2

308 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

vaire, m the county of Montgomery" {ScJiedule of the Kynaston
Papers) .

"19 April, 12 Charles I. Montgomery and other counties.
Grant of the office of particular surveyor of, to Thos. Wynne,
during pleasure. Fee £20 0 0" (fo. 87, vol. x, N. W. Rolls).

"12 Charles I, 31st October. Eoger Kynaston^ of Hord-
ley, Esq., John Kynaston,^ gentleman, of Llyn y Mapsis, and
Mary Kynaston, widow, mother of the said Roger Kynaston.
Bargain and sale for 3 months of lands situate as follows : —
Rednall Kenwick's Wood, plas y Dinas, Pool, Hope, Tredwen
Myvion Gunwas, and Trewerne, Guilsfield, Gungrog, Llan^ch-
broghwell, Cletterwood, Deythur, Domgay, and Trederwen
Myvion Hartenue (?), Trevenant Vaughan, Welsh Town, and
all other their estates in the counties of Salop and Mont-
gomery, in which Edward Kynaston, Esq., deceased, was seized
at his death" {Schedule of Kynaston Papers).

"12 Charles 1, 2 Nov., 1636. Marriage settlement on the
marriage of R. Kynaston, Esq., to Miss Rebecca Wild" [Ihid).^

" 12 Charles 1, 20 Sept. to Jan'y, 1636. Examination of
witnesses concerning the Mears in the said manor (Plas y
Dinas), and a view of the same, with a letter from Walter
Griffith,* dated ' Brongayne, 21 January, 1636,' stating Hhat

^ Roger Kynaston of Hordley was sherilBTof Montgomeryshire and
Shropshire in 1640. He suffered for his loyalty to Charles I, and
compounded for his estate with the Commonwealth for <£921. He
was the eldest son of Edward Kynaston of Hordley, our sheriff in
1 623, by Mary, daughter of Thomas Owen of Condover, and sister
of Sir Roger Owen of Condover, Knight.

2 " Catherine s.h. of John Kynaston of Llyn-y-Mapsis, married
John Derwas ap David ap Owen Derwas of Penrhyn Vechan, by
whom she had David Derwas of Llyn-y-Mapsis, living in 1700."
Pedigrees compiled hy John Davies of Bhiwlas, under Derwas of Llan-
drinio, Ad. MS 8., 9864-5. See " Miscellanea Historica", 9 James I,
21 James I, 10 Charles I, and notes.

2 Daughter of John Wild or Weld, afterwards Knighted, sheriff
of Shropshire in 1642, who purchased Willey from Sir Thomas
Lacon of Kinlet between 1612 and 1623 ; and sister of Sir John Weld
junior.

4 Ex w/., M. C. Jones, F.S.A. Walter Griffith of Brongain in the
pari sh of Llan vechan, married Catherine, daughter of Roger Kynaston
of Hordley, sheriff of Shropshire in 1603, the grandfather of Roger
Kynaston above. See Mo7it. Coll., vol. v, p. 260, and " Miscellanea
Historica", 8 Charles I. By Catherine Kynaston he had, besides the
children mentioned in the letter, "Georgius Griffiths de Llanvechan
gener." foreman of the grand jury at the county assizes 23 Charles I.

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

309

le would with God's permission at the next leet endeavour to
have the bye-laws effected and confirmed by the homagers,
accord'g to his instructions, with a penal law for waste, and
thenceforth he purposed to swear affevors (?) of the fines and
araerc'ts, it being more firm and effectual in law, and from
which he believed more benefit would accrue, having liberty
to make choice of a friend for the lord, and refuse a foe
against him, altho' other form and course of proceedings
were justifiable by prescription. * * Since he had been at
Willey his family had been ill, his daughter Margaret, wife,
and son Roger. I desire to be remembered to the two worthy
squires, your father and brother-in-law, and theirs, with my
good cousin and the younger gentlewoman ; with thanks for
my kind entertainment, with the like unto my good sister and
yourself.

" I remain,
'' Your truly loving uncle,

'' Walter Griffiths.'^
The superscription. ^' To the worshipfull his esteemed
nephew, Roger Kynaston, Esq'r, at Hordley, in haste, pre-
sente these." {Ihid.)

Miscellanea Historica, 14 Charles I.

Magna Sess. tent' a^pud Polarri', coram Thoma, Milwardo,
Milit.y servien ad legem Justic. etc., 1th May, 14 Charles 1.
Joh'es Newton, Ar. Vic.

Nomina Justic. pads, D'ni Regis Com. (Montgomery) pt'd.
Thomas D'us Coventrey, Gustos Magni Sigilli Anghe.
Henricus Comes Manchester.
Joh'es Comes Bridgwater, Presidens Consilii d^ci D'ni Regis

infra Principalitat. et Marchias Wallige.
Willi'mus D'ns Powys.
Ed'rus D'ns Herbert.

Thomas Milwarde, miles. Capital. Justic. Cestr.
Ric'us Prutherch, ar., alter Justic. Cestr.
Rictus Herbert. ' Athelystanus Owen, ar.

Ed'rus Lloyd, miles. Joh'es Blayney, ar.

Sampson, Euro, ar. Matheus Price, ar.

Tymotheus Tumour, ar. Evanus Glynn, ar.

Arthur Price, ar. Lloyd Piers, ar.

ffran. Herbert, ar. Ric'us Pughe, ar.

Rowland Pughe, ar. Ed'rus Lloyd, ar.

Ric'us Glynn et Humffri'us Davies, generosi, Coronatores.
Ed'rus Barrett, ar., Escaetor.

310 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

NoVa Maior vill. et lih'tat.
David Lewes ap Evan Lloyd_, gen., Maior de Llanydloes.
Thomas Price et Ric'us Thompson, gen^osi. Ball, de Mount-

gomery.
Joh'es Parry et Ric'us Griffiths, gen^osi, Balli de Pola.
Meredith Price et Henricus Parry, gen'osi, Balli de Llan-

villinge.

Noi'a Gajpital. Constah. pads,

Joh'es Jones et Thomas Lewis, gen osi. Hundred de Llan-
ydloes.

Jenkinus ap Robert ap Griffith et Owen ap John David,
gen'osi, Hun. de Machinlleth.

Gwelyra Gwynn et Thomas Rees, gen'osi, Hun. de Math-
ravall.

Roger Vaughan et Robert ap Oliver, gen'osi, Hun. de Llan-
villinge.

Priamus Price et Thorn. Everall, gen'osi, Hun. de Nova
Villa.

Hugo Cadd'r et Ed'rus Jones, gen'osi, Hun. de Mount-
go mery.

Thomas Jones et David ap William, gen^osi, Hun. de Pola.

Galfridus Jeffreys et Riceus ap Richard, gen'osi, Hun. de
Cawrse.

Joh'es Williams et Galfridus Atkinson, gen'osi, Hun. de
Deithour.

Signed, Joh'es Newton, Ar. Yic.

On an inquisition pro burgag. de Llanvillinge, '^ Robertus
Corbett de Gyngroge" appears.

The examination of Owen David of Rhywlas, in the said
county (Montgomery), yoman, before Lloyd Peers, Esquier,
29th April, 1638, touching the supposed breaking in the barne
of 8'r James Palmer, Knight, at Llwydiartli, upon the 26th
day of April, 1638.

Inquisitio Magna,
Llanydloes Hundred — -

Ed'rus Evans de Clochvaine issa, gen.
Machenlleth Hundred —

David Lloyd Meredith de Llanwnog, gen.

Ric'us ap John Meredith ap Kernes, gen.
Mathravell Hund. —

Evanus Meredith de Mathravall, gen.

Robertus Jones de Llanllothian, gen.

PUBLIC OFFICERS.

311

Jollies Owen de Llanllothian,^ gen.
Newtown Hund. —

Lodowicus Lloyd de Gwested, gen,

Riceus Jones de Tregynon, gen.

Jollies Price de BeriowOj gen.
Llanvillinge Hund. —

Andreas Laton de Ystymcolwyn, gen., Burg us de Llanvillinge.

Ed^rus Wynne de Llanwothyn^ gener.

Humffr^us ap John ap William de Penyartli, gen.

Joh'es Griffith ajp Griffith de Glohwell et Bacliie^ gen^

Humffr'us David Lloyd de Brinhwa, gen^
Mountgomery Hun. —

JoJies Vaughan de Penygelly, gener.

Lodowicus Middleton de Churchstocke, gen.
Poole Hund. —

Walterus Gruffiths de Llanvechan, gen.

Hiimffr'us Griffiths de Bronyarth, gen.

Humffr^us ap Eicliard de Trelydan, gen.

Thomas ap Owen de Bronyarth, gen.

Henricus Tuder de Bodynvol, gen.

Reignaldus ap Robert de Llansanfraid, gen.
Deithur Hundred —

Joh^es Lloyd de Llandrinio, gen.

Robert Tanatt de Trewylan, gen.

Ric'us Asterley de Bawlsley^ gen.

Evanus Bowen de Gollfryn, gen.

Hitmffrus Lloyd de Penrhyn Vechan, gen.

Signed, Joh'es Newton, Ar. Vic.

Inquis. Secunda*
Llanydloes Hun. —

Joh^es Tylsley de Dolegooden, gen.

Ed'rus Evans de Trefegloes, gen.
Macbynlletb Hun. —

Thomas Pughe de Darrowen, gen.
Mountgomery Hun. —

Joh'is Evans of Trewllan, gen.
Cawrse Hun. —

Ric'us Griffiths de Gaer, gen.

Nicholas Wynne de Llettygynvarch, gen.

Oliverus Jones de Gyngroge vawre, gen.
Poole Hundred. —

Ed'rus ap Richard ap Owen de Bronyarth, gen.

^ Names in italics are of those who served on the grand jury at
the assizes for this year.

312 MISCELLANEA HISTORICA.

Daniel Edwards de Llansanfraed, gen.
Rictus David ap Hoell de Ystynigynan, gen.
Thomas Jones de Bronyarth, gen.
Robertus Edwardes de Burgedinge, gen.
Joh'es Lewis ap Robert de Guilffield, gen.
Humffr^is Morgan de Llansanfraide, gen.
Robertus HumfFrey de Varclioell, gen.
Nicholas Brees de Trefnanney, gen.

Signed^ Joh'es Newton, Ar. Vic.

^' Memorand. qM 1 2^ Aprilis, 14 Charles I, Carolus Lloyde
de Dolobran, in Com. Montgomery, became party to a bail
bond for Howell Griffiths and Elizabeth Roberts, charged with
breaking into the house of S'r James Palmer, Knight, and
taking thence two silver cupps and other goods, etc.''

(To he continued.)

313

CRIDIA ABBEY.

In the map of Wales, engraved for Mr. Warrington's
History of Wales, (2nd edition, 1788), and stated to be
" according to the ancient divisions of Gwynedd, Powys
and Dinefawr, with the respective cantrefs subdivided
into comots by William Owen," Cridia Abbey is
marked at some distance from " Castle Trefaldwin," and
not far from " Castell Dol-y-forwyn." So far as we can
judge from the map, which is on a small scale, the site
of Cridia Abbey seems to lie within the present parish
of Llandyssil.

There seems to be scarcely anything known relating
to this Abbey, which was destroyed in the thirteenth
century.

The following passage respecting the circumstances
of its destruction occurs in Warrington's History of
Wales (page 352).

A.D. 1228. Henry III, attended by Hubert de Burgh, on
whom the castle of Montgomery had been lately conferred, came
to its relief with all possible despatch. On the approach of the
English King the Welsh raised the siege. Having received a
reinforcement, Henry ventured to penetrate the recesses of the
forest.^ With infinite difficulty he opened a passage for his
army, by setting fire to the woods, and at length arrived at a
solitary place called Cridia, of the Carmelite order, an abbey
belonging to the white friars. Having been informed that this
religious house had been used by the Welsh as a place of retreat,
he laid it in ashes, and its situation being judged^ impregnable,
Hubert de Burgh with the King's consent laid the foundation
of a castle. (Math. Paris, p. 295).

^ Supposed by some to be what is now called " Cefn y Coed."
2 If so, from its high position it has been suggested that "Cefn
Bryntalch" would be the site.

314 CRIDIA ABBEY.

This gives very slight information ; indeed nothing
further than that Cridia Abbey was not far distant from
Montgomery, and that it was of the Carmelite order.
The able historians of Shrewsbury,^ in giving an ac-
count of the interruption of the good understanding
which had existed between the courts of England and
Wales up to the year 1228, in the following passage
incidentally afford more information respecting this re-
ligious house and its probable situation, than is to be
found elsewhere, so far as our researches have extended.

" The King had granted the honour and castle of
Montgomery to his Justiciary, the great Hubert de Burgh,
and the garrison there having received orders to cut
down a large wood,^ not less than five miles in length,^

^ Owen and Blakeway's Hist, of Shreivshury, vol. i, p. 106. (1825.)
2 [This and the next two notes are Owen and Blakeway's.] Mr.
Carte says that it was in the direction of Kery ; and he is perhaps
correct in this notion, though M. Paris says nothing to that effect ;
for more than twenty years later, the Close Rolls of 35 Henry III,
note 13, contain a command to John le Estrange to go with William
de Odingsels to Kery and Kedewy, " ad videndum si passus inter
boscos Oweni f. Meredic and Oweni f. Hoel ibidem sint boni et
satis ampli ad securitatem transeuntium," and if they shall find that
the "passus" are sufficiently large, then they shall not permit that
the men of Montgomery commit waste of those woods, or of those of
any other freeholders, under pretence of the said passages. ( Vugdale
MSS. vol. B i, in Ashm. Libr.) Even in England, and more than
half a century later, the evil arising from extensive woods called for
the attention of the legislature. The statute of Winton (a.d. 1285),
chap. 5, directs that the highways shall be cleared of wood to the
breadth of 200 feet on each side " ou hom pent taper pur mal fere ":
where a man may hide himself to do mischief. These notices of the
face of our island in those days, are not unworthy of remark, and
afford a picture not very dissimilar from the present state of an
American wilderness. Not fifty years ago, a great part of the dis-
trict spoken of in the former part of this note was still a tract of
extensive wood-land.

^ Mr. Carte says five leagues. The word employed by the histo-
rian is leuca, which is assuredly of the same origin with the French
lieue, a measure of three miles, but in our English writers it always ap-
pears to denote only one. Spelman (Gloss.') and Dugdale (Warw. 31)
are clear that the Domesday leuca was a mile ; and Mr. Nichols
(Dissert, prefixed to his Hist, of Leicest.) quotes Ingulphus (in a
reference which we cannot verify) to the same effect. Mr. Blomefield
{Norf. ix, 381) would have the leuca to denote two miles ; but the

CRIDIA ABBEY. 315

says Matthew Paris, which offered too convenient a
shelter to the depredations of robbers, were unexpectedly
assailed by the Welsh, and driven into their castle,
where they were closely besieged, and whence they sent
pressing messengers to their lord supplicating his aid.
The young King, enraged at this affront to his favourite,
and eager to try his maiden sword, hastened with a
small band to Montgomery, raised the siege,^ and being
strongly reinforced, destroyed the wood, after which ad-
vancing into the heart of the country, he burned a house
of White MonkSy on the site of which the justiciary
erected a castle."

The historians in a note quote the following as their
authority :

^' Habitaculum alhi ordinis^ Cridia vocatum/' and
then they proceed to say, that they were unable to
state the situation of this monastery ; that Mr. Carte
called it a religious house at Kerry ; but that Tanner
mentioned nothing of the kind there ; that Mr. Jones
{History of Brecon, yoI. i, p. 129), conjectured Cridia to
be a corruption of Creigian, the rocks : but he threw
no light upon its situation ; that a writer in the Cam-
brian Register (vol. i, p. 326), considered it a generic
terip, Crefydd-dy, a religious house; while Mr. Bingley,
in his Welsh Tour (vol. ii, p. 35), and Mr. Kaley (Cam-
brian Register , vol. ii, p. 283), placed it at Kemmer,
near Dolgelley ; and the former quoted M. Paris and
D. Powell as confirming this assertion, which, however,
is not the case. They express the opinion themselves

Charter of Edward III, to Bristol, 1373, reciting that it was distant
from Gloucester and Ilch ester j9er triginta leucas, (about thirty leucae)
is decisive against him, for the actual distance of Bristol from the
former of those places is 34 and from the latter 38 statute miles : so
that we may safely take the leuca to be an English mile by com-
putation. Froissart makes Fleshy thirty lieues from London ; it is
aLout that number of miles.

^ The Welsh Chronicles make the King of England aggressor in
this business, and assert, that having determined to subdue the
principality, he advanced into the marches, and encamped at Ceri,
i.e., Kerry.

316 CRIDIA ABBEY.

that it is highly improbable that Henry ventured so
far into the interior of Wales on this occasion. These
various speculations shew how uncertain the site of
this abbey appeared to be to a variety of authors.

Our authors proceed to say that Hubert de Burgh
was so highly pleased with the site of the monastery
that, according to a custom, which is not quite obsolete,
he called the castle he erected there, Hubert's Folly :^

The construction of this fortress was not tamely viewed by the
Welsh. Many skirmishes took place between the two armies;
in one of these William de Breos was taken prisoner, and car-
ried away captive by Llewelyn : and the King of England
became so weary of the contest, that, in the end, he was
glad to retreat ; being compelled thereto, as the monk of St.
Alban's suggests, by the treachery of certain of his nobles, who
held a secret correspondence with his enemies ; in consequence
of which Hubert was obliged, on receiving three thousand
marks from the Prince of Wales, to dismantle the castle^ so
recently constructed. This was, perhaps, the compensation
which had been the subject of so much negociation; and by this
slight payment, which in the next year Llewelyn extorted from
Breos for his ransom, and by an external show of respectful
submission to his brother-in-law, at their meeting, the Welsh

^ Matthew of Westminster, the abridger of his namesake of St.
Alban's, makes this name of the castle to be given to it by the
Welsh, and this would seem at first most likely ; but Matthew-
Paris, whom he copies, is express to the contrary — " Justitiarius
dans illi nomen, vocavit illud Stultitiam Huberti ; " and he founds
thereon a witticism which would lose its point on the other suppo-
sition. A similar instance occurs in the life of the second and very
eccentric Duke of Buckingham (of the Villiers family), who, when
his friends would dissuade him from a very expensive piece of
architecture, called it his Folly. The name is certainly old ; for
William Baxter, the antiquary, speaking of his maternal ancestor,
Bichard Forster of Sutton Madoc, secretary to Bishop Bonner,
says, " egregias aedes posuit in urbecula dicta Brugge sive Ad Pon-
tem, vel hodie dictas, Forestarii Dementiam.'^ Vita authoris prsefixa
Glossario Rom. Mr. Coxe, therefore, errs, in his History of Mon-
mouthshire, p. 121, when he supposes the name to have been first
given to a whimsical edifice erected by a gentleman of that county
in the latter end of the seventeenth century.

2 Hereupon, said the laughers of that day, the justiciary proved
himself a prophet — yea, more than a prophet, in the name he im-
posed upon this ephemeral fortress. M. Paris, S2(h. ami.

CRIDIA ABBEY.

317

'prince soon pacified the easy king, and we find a safe conduct
(October 13, 1229), for the Princess of Wales to visit Shrews-
bury.

In another account of the transaction, mentioned in
our first quotation from Warrington's History of Wales,
it is stated that the place where the destroyed monas-
tery stood was called Cridia, and it is added, in a paren-
thesis, that " the Welsh annalists say it was Kerry. "^
But no particular spot in Kerry is mentioned as the
presumed site of the monastery. We refrain from
going further into the subject, feeling assured that the
member of the club who is engaged upon the history
of Kerry will go fully into it, and vindicate any claim
Kerry may have for the site of this abbey.

Another modern author, Mr. Hulbert,^ fixes the site
with more precision. In tracing the course of the river
Severn from Newtown downwards, he says, "Two miles
further is Court Calmore, the seat of A. D. Johnes, Esq.
Further on the right bank of the river Severn, is Castell
Goran Ddu, supposed to be the remains of a monastery
destroyed by Henry III, and lower down Caer Howel,
the seat of Major Harrison."

There is some little confusion in Hulbert's account,
in respect to the relative positions of the different
residences he mentions, and it is not improbable his
information was second-hand. Nevertheless, his main
statement that Cridia Abbey, the monastery that was
destroyed by Henry II, was situated on the Goranddu,
which is in the parish of Llandyssil, is the only precise
identification of the site which we have found. Goran-
ddu is marked on the ordnance map as lying between
Bryutalch and the river Severn.

Some have looked upon the mounds at Brynderwen,
which is four miles from Montgomery, and one mile from
Dolforwyn Castle, as the remains of some large building,
and considered them more likely to be the site of an

^ Woodward's History of Wales, p. 371.

2 Hulbert's History of the Town and County of Salop ^ including the
course of the Biver Severn^ vol, i, p. 62.

318 CRIDIA ABBEY.

abbey than any other that can be pointed out in the
parish of Llandyssil, being situate near the river Severn,
and in a more suitable locahty for an abbey than the
top of a hill such as the Goranddu ; but Brynderwen
does not fulfil the descriptions of the site as given by the
historians above quoted, nor does there appear to be any
tradition about an abbey having been in that neighbour-
hood.

At present, therefore, the Goranddu is the only place
that has been named as the site of Cridia Abbey. These
few fragmentary notes have been made to draw attention
to the subject, and in the hope that they may lead to<
further inquiries and investigations which may result in
the more certain identification and description of the
site of this long-lost monastery.

319

LLANEHAIADE-YN-MOCHNANT.i

ITS PAROCHIAL HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES.
By THOMAS W. HANCOCK.

CHAP VII.
FOLK-LORE, MISCELLANEOUS, ETC.

Careg-y-Big ; (the stone of contention, or the Bick-
ering"^ stone). — This stone is surrounded by curious
traditions. The following remarks respecting it, from
a MS. note by the Be v. Edward Edwards, Bector of
Llanymynech, have been kindly furnished us by the
Bev. Bobert Williams, of Llangadwaladr.

" 1 790. About 1 50 years ago, Llanrhaiadr-yn-Moclinaiit was
remarkable for its ' Oareg-y-Big,' a pyramidal stone pillar in the
village. To ascend this pillar, and to say ' Captain Careg-y-Big,'
was a general challenge which was sure to end in mischief and
bloodshed. These riots often happened on a Sunday evening,
and the common enquiry on Monday was, as to how many were
killed at Llanrhaiadr the evening before. Mr. Maurice of Peny-
bont [Llanerchemrys], removed the stone and buried it in a deep
pool near his own house. There is a tradition that he was
drowned in that pool, and the country people believed that the
misfortune was a punishment for removing Careg-y-Big.' '

The stone was removed doubtless at the instance of
the Bev. David Parry, the vicar of Llanrhaiadr, from
1675 to 1682. The poet Huw Morris, in the following

^ Continued from vol. v, p. 352.

2 There is a village in Northumberland called " Bickerston,"
which has its derivation from the " bickering" and fighting for-
merly in great renown there, similar in character to those of the
" Mochnauwys" at Llanrhaiadr.

320 LLANEHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

stanzas addressed to the Kev. David Parry, alludes to
this stone.

" Cas wyd, coeg wyd, cegiden — cweryl,
Careg big y gydben_,

Cwynaw tolciaw — can talcen ;
Codiad bai yw cadw dy ben.

Lie byddai'r ffraeau rhy ffrom — gwaith rliydost,
A gweithredoedd Sodom,
Duw o^i ras a wnae drosom,
Bwyntio sant i Bant y Siom/'

[Vile art thou, deceitful art thou, the elf — of quarrels.
The bickering-stone of struggles.
There are groans — the bruising of a hundred heads ;
To preserve thee is to uphold sin.

Where there existed frays, very severe — shocking work.

And the deeds of Sodom,

God in his grace hath for us,

Appointed a devoted man, to this vale of discontent.]

T. W. H.

Tradition says that Mr. Maurice removed the stone
with a team of oxen, to his residence at Penybont, and
that upon its arrival there quite a grotesque scene took
place among the horned and unhorned beasts of all kinds
in the place. The evil genii accompanying the stone set
the whole group in a ferment, and a furor possessed
them ; and they indulged in all sorts of wild and ec-
centric antics, each strove to possess the ' captaincy ' of
the stone, in imitation of the Llanrhaiadr frays. Gory
fights among them were the result, so that the good
gentleman was glad with all speed to remove the stone
and cast it into the depths of the nearest pool in the
river Tanat. Mr. Edwards describes the stone as
* pyramidal ' ; 'Big,' verily has the meaning of 'pointed'
or ' pyramidal,' but it also means ' spite,' ' bickering' &c.
Stones called ' Careg-y-big,' are still found, and not un-
frequently, in Wales. It is not certain what was the
exact shape, or size of the stone. Some old people state
that it was used as a horseblock^ ; if so, it probably had
an ancient history.

^ Horseblocks are particularly noticed in some of the ancient

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT. 321

State of Society.— In the Eev. E. Edwards's notes
before alluded to, it is remarked,

"About this time, [i.e. the removal of Careg-j-big] 'this
neighbourhood was infested by a gang of thieves and house-
breakers. Their rendezvous was at a house on the Montgomery-
shire side of Llanrhaiadr village, and the house retains the name
of^itffern' (hell), to this day [1790]. This gang was dispersed
by the activity and vigorous prosecution of Mr. Jones of Squen-
nant, whose house they attempted to break into.^^

Traditions are still current relating to these despera-
does, and that they were in the habit of supplying
human bodies to distant surgeons for anatomical dis-
section. Some subjects it is said they obtained from
graveyards, but they did not scruple to commit murder

Welsh laws. They were often landmarks as well as memorials
(" Trioedd Dyfnwal Moelmud," Myv. ArcJiceology, Gee's reprint, pp.
920-942). " It is ordered and established for the purpose of prevent-
ing the uncertainty of a claim, that the bards shall keep an orderly
record of pedigrees, nobility, and inheritance. For the same pur-
pose, also, is the memorial of the back fire-stone, the boundary stone,
and the horse-blocJc, and he that removes them ofiers an insult to
the court and the judge." Again, " Three things preserve the me-
morial of land and its site, and stand as testimonies in regard
thereto ; the back fire-stone, the kiln-stone, and the horse-block ;
because they bear the mark of the nation, and whoever shall remove
them without the permission of the lord of the property, shall be
guilty of theft by the judgment of court and law, inasmuch as they
are strong witnesses, and whoever destroys a strong testimony is
worthy of death."

In the romance of The Lady of the Fountain is found the following
note: — "Ellis, in his notes to Way's Fabliaux, has the following
remarks upon horse-blocks, which are mentioned in a vast number
of old romances : — ' They were frequently placed on the roads, and
in the forests, and were almost numberless in the towns. Many of
them still remain in Paris, where they were used by the magistrates
in order to mount their mules, on which they rode to the courts of
justice. On these blocks, or on the tree which was generally planted
near them, were usually suspended the shields of those knights who
wished to challenge all comers to feats of arms. They were also
sometimes used as a place of judgment, and a rostrum, on which the
barons took their seats when they determined the difference between
their vassals, and from whence the public criers made proclamation
to the people.' '' The Llanrhaiadr stone, with its " feats of arms," had
a faint parallelism with the Gallic " tournaments".

VOL. VI. Y

322 LLANKHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

to enable them to carry on their horrible trade. A ruse
ultimately broke up the gang. One night they went to
Squennant with burglarious intent, but were defeated
by the vigilance of the housekeeper. The owner, Mr.
Jones upon his return home, adopted the plan of send-
ing a messenger in the disguise of a surgeon's assistant
in search of a subject for anatomical study, to the wife
of one of the gang, and she being alone at home and off
her guard, incautiously replied " that the men had had
ill-luck the previous nights, but she was expecting them
home that night early." This remark was the cause of
their being apprehended and brought to justice ; the
sequel, the " gaol files " of the county can best tell.

Gwyl Mabsant. (The Wakes.) — This festival com-
menced on the Sunday next before the 24th July,
which day was the prelude to a fortnight's revelry and
pastime. First, early on the Sunday morning, the men
and children of the village went around all the farm-
houses in the parish, and those adjoining, in search of
milk for the purpose of making the " dainty dishes " for
the tables. By eleven o'clock they had returned with
their cans full ; and soon afterwards, all the cookery
preparations being ready for the bakers' ovens, these
were well filled. Soon after the parish clock had struck
the hour of noon, the rustic hordes began to pour into
the village from all parts of the neighbourhood. At
about three o'clock the village became densely crowded.
At four o'clock the feasting began in earnest, in all the
houses in the village. Dancing and merry-making com-
menced about eight o'clock in the principal public-houses,
lasting throughout the night. Ball playing, cock fight-
ing, trials of strength, throwing the crow-bar, &c., were
the order of the day for Monday. The church-yard was
the playground for the ball-players. There would be
three groups at play, one against the north side of the
steeple, the other against the west wall of it, and the
juveniles against the north wall of the church. This
was the favourite pastime for Monday, and crowds of
people became spectators, occupying every available

LLANRHAIADH-YN-MOCHNANT.

323

! to witness the contests ; other groups were busily

[engaged in their several games in other parts of the

village and parish. The cock-fighters assembled at the

pits at Maesybwch, &c., for this purpose ; regular pits

were constructed, the arena of some of them still to be

seen, measures about 12 feet diameter. The parties

engaged in trials of strength, throwing the crow-bar,

and such like games, assembled at either of the ' Greens.V

The evening of the day was spent in drinking and rioting,

additional facilities for drinking were afforded, on these

occasions, by private houses claiming a right by ancient

prescription to sell ale without license. These houses

[were distinguished by a '* holly bush" being placed above

ie door. This was a custom also at all fairs. On

'uesday there was a repetition of the Monday's sports,

ith this variation, that a mayor was elected for the

ensuing year, who was to act as master of the parochial

^akes and assemblies. After his election, which took

)lace at a public-house, he was dressed in "robes of

office'^, white cotton vestments, decked with ribbons,

pnd brought out with boisterous honours to be mounted

iither on horseback, or placed in a cart and dragged

through the streets by the throng, passing from house

house to beg money. To the shoutings of the crowd

'-as added the discordant din of a drum, flutes, and

iddles, with any other instrument that could be had for

[the occasion. The greatest fair of the year was held

[during this week, called "the Fair of St. Dogfan's wake "

If'Ffair Vahsant''). This fair still exists, and is the only

remnant of the wake. The week having run its course

cin high jollity and revel, preparations were again made

on the second Sunday for another week of similar and

teven greater riot, called " the little wakes". This

[Sunday was also held as a fair-day, for the sale of all

[sorts of *' toothsome" things, as well as for pedlar's ware,

J&c. Puppet and other showmen were attracted hither,

•to this time, and great was their " draw " on that day.

iThe finale of these wakes, to the masses, was empty

ipockets, bruised heads, and general ruin. Such is a

Y 2

324 LLANRHAIADll-YN-MOCHNANT.

brief summary of the manner in which these feasts were
kept up so late as the year 1814, from which time they
began to decline. An old man came to the village at
the ''wake time^', in the year 1832 (having been absent
forty years), to join in the sports which he had engaged
in in his youth, but to his mortification perfect quietness
prevailed, and the old sinner went away in disgust, it
is said, at the change. Easter week was also another
great season for revelling and fighting.

The " Y-shilr" (see illustration). — At Glanhavon fawr
in the big kitchen may be seen a unique fixture, part of
an ancient piece of furniture, which is called the "y-sbt\r".
The word is pronounced nearly like "sbeere"; and is a
pure Welsh word, denoting a short post or pillar to set
things upon. It consists of a massive Gothic carved oak
pillar, surmounted by three ornaments, and having at-
tached thereto a piece of oak pannelling within a broad
and deep moulded frame. The lowest ornament on the
pillar represents a wooden butter-box with its lid, similar
to what is used by country people when going on a
journey ; the next figures, similar to each other, difiering
only in size, are wedge-shaped pieces cut from a sphere,
representing perhaps the quarterings of a round (Dutch-
like) cheese, attached to each other. Its present position
is near the fire-place ; originally it was near the door in
the kitchen of the old house. Tradition states that its
uses were to support a sideboard, whereon was placed
provisions of bread-and-cheese, &c., for any poor and
wayfaring man who might choose to call. It therefore
stands as a memorial of the charity of an owner of the
house of Glanhavon (the Lloyds).^

^ The same family we are told adopted other modes of relieving
the poor. At Peutrehobin, near Mold, a mansion belonging to the
same family, dating about the year 1540, another provision was
made of the following kind, viz., six cells, or llettySj were bailt, and
a bed placed in each ; and any poor or wayfaring man passing
that way and asking for the charity, had there a night's lodging, a
supper, and a breakfast given him. The accommodations under
notice, it is said, were made about the time of the dissolution of
the monasteries, to meet the deprivation to which the poor and way-
faring were then subjected.

T,W.H>iNCOCK,PlNX»T.

ScaJe 3/* Inch, to 2 Foot

The "sphere" ( at Glanhavon-fawr)

An Anc/ent S/deboard.

Risv Lpool

Motlt: Co//: V/p32'f.

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

325

Civm Blowty. — The derivation of the name is uncer-
Itain. One tradition we have before given ascribes its
[meaning to Balaam and Owtyn, as being a compound of
Bala Owty farther contracted into Bloioty ; another
[ascribes its name to its having a mill (a '^ Blaivdty") in it,
[changed into Bloivty and Blotty. The remains of an
!old corn mill still exist near Maesybwch. Blotta is an
old word for " begging flour", and the poor of the parish
[■were in the habit formerly of taking circuits, in companies,
[of begging anything. The custom still exists here of
[wool-begging, after sheep- shearing time. lolo Goch
1 describes the old begging women of his time in the
I following lines : —

" Rliif annigrif enengrest,
Blotta, gwlana, gwera, gwest,
Cawsa/cica, minco'etli,
Casa pwngc, ceisiaw pobpeth :
Llawer cydaid hen wenith
Llawer baich ar eu braich brith.^'

[Translation.']

Grotesque knots of old shrivelled mouths,
Go begging flour, wool^ fat, to houses.
Begging cheese, meat, with smooth words,
Hateful work, they seek everything ;
Many a bagful of old wheat, —
Many things in the burden on their grey arms.

T. W. H.

Baich-y-Catvr a'r Gawres, a Ffedogaid-y-Forv:yn.
(The Giants' Burdens, and the Servant-maid's Apronful.)

-These are huge rocks standing near the middle of the
vale, at the head of Cwmblowty. The legend is that a
giant who resided in the neighbouring mountain of the
Berwyn, with his consort and their servant-maid, went
one night to build a bridge over the hollow called Pant-
y-cawr, and intended to complete the same before day-
break, in order to surprise their neighbour who lived on
the opposite heights ; but when engaged in carrying the
stones for their work, a neighbour's cock crew, and
warned them that day-break was at hand. Their design
of completing their work during the hours of darkness

326 LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

being thus defeated, they hastily threw down their
burdens, where they still remain, and hastened home.

Balaam and Owtyn. — These persons, by tradition,
were the first settlers and possessors of land in Cwm-
blowty. The site of their possessions lies near Pistyll
Bhaiadr, " Meusydd Balaam" lying on the south side of
the river, and "Ty Owtyn" on the north side. The ruin
(murddin) of his house is close to the road, near Tany-
pistell.

Cader Ferwyn and Llyn-llyn-caws, — These names
refer back to remote antiquity. Berwyn it is said was
one of three brothers who were giants ; Myvyr,
Rhuddwyn, and Berwyn. Myvyr and Bhuddwyn were
located in the neighbouring parish of Llansilin, whose
names are perpetuated in the following places, ' Bedd
Bhuddwyn Gawr, Caer Bhuddwyn, and Llyn Bhudd-
wyn ; Caer Myvyr,' &c. Berwyn's grave is said to be at
Llangar in Merionethshire.

In reference to ^'Llyn-llyn-caws" there are several
simple legends. The word (stripped of the first " llyn\
which seems tautological) signifies the " Lake of Caws" ;
but what " Caws" means we have yet to learn. It enters
into the names of other places in this parish, as " Erw-
bol-caws" ; the word is also found in the neighbouring
parish as " Craig-y-Caws", a part of Mynydd-y-Bryn.
In other places in Montgomeryshire the same word is
found, as "Nant-y-Caws'', near Welshpool. The writer
thinks the original form may have been " Cawr" (a giant) ;
and if this explanation be received, the name would
signify "the lake of the giant".

The Vicarage Mill. — This mill was built (according
to tradition) for the benefit of the poor of the parish,
but at what time and by whom it is not known. It was
formerly let to the miller upon condition that the toll
upon the corn ground there should be divided into three
equal portions, between the miller, the poor, and the
vicar. The portions for the poor and the vicar were
deposited in different chests. The distribution to the
poor took place weekly at the vicarage. An old man
now in his 86th year told the writer that it was so

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT. 327

within his recollection. The ancient custom was aban-
doned, and the poor deprived of their privilege, in the
time of the Rev. Robert Jones, vicar, when the present
practice of letting it on rent was adopted. The old man
farther said that when he was a boy it was currently
reported that the "new mills" in the village were origin-
ally built by an owner of '' Clynog " for the benefit of the
poor of the parish.

Charms. — Swyndr 'Ryri (Charming the herpes zoster,
zona, ov '' shingles"). — This custom_was more prevalent ^^^T^-u^
in this parish than in any other in Montgomeryshire, ^^i^%,
A certain amount of penance was to be done by the n^-^vi
sufferer, who was to go to the charmer in the morning'^"'"^/
fasting, who was also to be fasting. The mode of cure
was simple ; the charmer breathed gently upon the
inflamed part, and then followed a series of little spittings
upon and around it. A few visits to the charmer, and
sometimes even a single one was sufficient to effect a
cure.^ The power of charming for the " 'Ryri" is now
lost, or in any event has not been practised in this parish
for several years past. The possession of this remarkable
healing power by the charmer was said to have been
derived from the circumstance of either the- charmer
himself, or one of his ancestors within the ninth degree,
having eaten of the flesh of the eagle, the virtue being,
it was alleged, transmitted from the person who had so
partaken, to his descendants for nine generations. The
tradition is that the disorder was introduced into the
country by a malevolent eagle.

Some charmers before the operation of spitting, mut-
tered to themselves the following incantation : —

" Yr Eryr Eryres
Mi a'th ddanfonais
Bros naw mor a thros naw mynydd
A thros naw erw o dir anghelfydd
Lie na chyfartho ci, ac na frefo fuwch
Ac na ddelo yr eryr byth yn uwch.'^

^ The writer remembers being himself, when a child of eight
years old, submitted to the operation of the charm, and a cure ensued
without the use of any other means !

328 LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

[Translation.']

Male eagle, female eagle,

I send you, [By the operation of blowing we presume ]

Over nine seas and over nine mountains,

And over nine acres of unserviceable land,

Where no dog shall bark, and no cow shall low.

And where no eagle shall ever rise.

T. W. H.

Then the operator sealed the doom of the vicious
thing by the spitting, " on its head", ("ar ei phen") that
is, on the eruption.

Cyfrify llyfrithen ("Counting the stye," on the eye-
lid).— There were two remedies used for curing a stye.
The one was to pluck out a hair from the eye-lid in the
centre of the stye. But the other, less painful, was to
charm it away by " counting the age of the stye." The
charmer took an ordinary steel knitting needle and made
"passes" at the stye, in a mesmeric manner, with a point
of the needle, without touching it, and at the same time
muttering its " age " with the following incantation, —
'' one stye, two stye, three stye," up to nine ; and then
reversing it from the nine, as " nine stye, eight stye,
seven stye," down to *' one stye," and ^^ no stye" \ this
was to be said all in one breath ; if the charmer drew a
breath whilst in the act of counting, the spell was broken,
but three attempts were allowed. The stye it was alleged
would "die" from that time, and within twenty-four hours
disappear.

Chvyf-yr-edef-wlan (The woollen thread sickness). —
This sickness was also called in Welsh " Ymaendwnen."
The symptoms resembled the jaundice. Also where per-
sons had been for some time suffering from great debility
and prostration of the nervous system, and unable to ac-
count for their illness, resort was had to the 'edefwlan.'
The charmer's first step was to ascertain the nature of the
complaint, which was done by taking a thread of clean
white woollen yarn having a fair twist in it, of three
lengths measuring from the elbow of the sick- person's
arm to the tip of his middle finger. This thread was

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT. 329

measured three times in the same way ; if the thread
lengthened, the complaint was declared not to be that
of " the woollen thread", and could not be cured by it :
but if the thread became shorter, it was pronounced that
the sickness could be so cured. The extent of the
complaint was indicated by the shortenings of the thread,
which sometimes would shorten two or three inches.
After the existence and nature of the complaint was thus
determined, the thread was made into a skein and put
around the neck of the patient. Then a drink was pre-
pared of the following ingredients, viz., a quart of the
oldest beer (hir) that could be procured, into which a
piece of st^eel heated to a white heat was dipped, and
half an ounce of meadow saffron tied up in a piece of
clean muslin. This infusion was divided into seven equal
portions, and one portion administered, in two doses,
daily. Thrice daily also was the thread measured, to
mark the progress of the cure, or the reverse. If the
thread lengthened the sick person was recovering.

Swyndr ddafaden-wyllt (Charming the wild- wart ).^ —
The charmer took a branch of elder tree, stripped off the
outer bark, and split off a small skewer sized piece, which
he held near the wart for a few minutes and then rubbed
it three or nine times on the wart, muttering at the
same time an incantation of his own composing ; he then
pierced the wart with either a needle or thorn. Afterwards
the piece of elder was transfixed with the needle or thorn,
and both were buried in a dunghill of hot manure. It
was alleged that the decay of the wart would be concur-
rent with the rotting of the piece of elder and the needle
or thorn.

These charms have become extinct in this parish many
years ago, more especially the last three.

Codi Cythrenliaid (Kaising the devils). — About forty-
five years ago there lived in this parish a regular pro-
fessional medical man, who loved to "wave a wand",
call up spirits from the "vasty deep", and put them
down again, and act the oracle in divinations. The
country people around, called him the " devil's bum-

330 LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

bailiff" (hwm-bailir cythraul). He was much rosorted
to by the friends of parties mentally deranged, many of
whom he cured. Whenever he assumed to practise the
" black art", he put on a most grotesque dress ; a cap
of sheepskin with a high crown, bearing a plume of
pigeons' feathers, and a coat of unusual pattern, with
broad hems and covered with talismanic characters. In
his hand he had a whip the thong of which was made of
the skin of an eel, and the handle of bone ; with this
he drew a circle around him, outside of which at a proper
distance he kept those persons who came to him, whilst
he went through his mystic sentences and performances.

Miscellaneous. A destructive storm. — The following
is an extract from the Harleian MSS.^ " An° 1556,
26 July was such tempest of raine and healestones in the
parish of Llanrhaiadr that the like was never seen before,
biger than tennis balls, and beate down the corne and
brake the straw all to peeces, that they had no good of
the corne ; in hope that God would give them corne
next year after, for that yeare they had none, and the
same day came the Lord Lumley and my lady his wife,
daughter to Henry Earl of Arundell to Whittington,
and the morrow after to the town of Oswestree, and there
did make merry all that day, beinge 2 and 3 of King
PhiUip and Mary."

Dr. Morgans Summer-house. — In the field called
Caepenwalk, near the north east corner stood a summer-
house called "the summer-house of Doctor Morgan". A
portion of its walls were standing in the memory of per-
sons now living, together with a Gothic window-frame in-
serted at the gable end. On one side of the arch of the
frame were the words " ora * pro * * '* rudely carved.
In reference to the window-frame, it is contended by
those who remember it that it was not of the date of Dr.
Morgan's time, but rather of Dr. Worthington's. But
it was probably restored by the latter as a memorial of
the worthy translator.

Charles II's visit. — This Eoyal personage, with a

1 Earl. MS., 1970. Plat., Iviii, i, 34.

LL ANRH AI ADR- YN-MOCHN ANT. 331

wing of his army, passed through this parish on the 22nd
September, 1644, and it is said that he slept a night at
Clynog. His followers were quartered among the vari-
ous loyal houses in the parish. At Plasmaengwynedd
a piece of brass ornament is preserved, said to have
belonged to the royal army, which probably was an orna-
ment belonging to some of the horse-trappings. Tra-
dition states that Charles himself went through Cymdu,
over Gefnhirfynydd to Chirk Castle ; while one of the
divisions of the army went to Llansilin, intending to
flank the Parliamentary army in that neighbourhood.
But the results given in accounts of his progress show
that the royal army was utterly routed on the 24th
September.

Dr. Johnson's visit. — This great savant visited
Llanrhaiadr in the year 1774, which he has recorded in
his Diary of a Journey into North Wales, Tradition
states that he honoured the shop of a Mr. PoweU. in the
village with a call, and bought a pair of buckled garters.

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER YII.

ADDITIONS.

Extracts from Parish Registers. — In one of the registers
(beginning with 1713) of baptisms and burials, the following
Elegiac is written, possibly by the Rev. R. Langford, vicar 1 720-
1733. A similar one which appears in the Rev. D. R. Thomases
History of St. Asaph, page 408, is attributed to the Rev. John
Langford/ Rector of Derwen, 1672-1718, Merionethshire, who
was we believe the father of the vicar of Llanrhaiadr.

^' Baptizatorum tibi nomina singula signo
Atque ita defuncfcos ordine quosque loco.
Sed paucos memora sociali foedera junctos
Transilijt metas luxuriosa proles."

The purport of the last two lines is not very creditable to
the morals of the parishioners.

1 He was buried in this church of Llanrhaiadr. See tablet to
the Langfords, Mont. Coll., vol. v, p. 313.

3 3 2 LL ANRHAI ADR- YN-MOCHNANT.

Extracts from Vestry Books.
Flagging the Church.
1714. C.W.'s Ac.^ Paid Henry Humphries for carriage and stone

from Llangynog to flag the church - - - 05 1 0 06

Paid Edward Roberts for flagging the church - - 01 16 03

[The work of flagging inside forms a frequent item in the Accounts ]

New Windows.

1714. Paid John Richards for making the new window in ye gutter 00 07 00

[Query, which? Possibly a skylight in one of the aisle roofs.]

1716. Paid Edward Roberts for making the new window and other

work - - - - - - - - 00 10 00

Paid Morris Powell for iron to the new window, &c. - 00 10 11

The Steeple.

1717. Paid John Roberts for taking down the timber of the
steeple [probably the old wooden belfry], and carrying them
to Mr. Langfords - - - - - - 0

Paid Thomas Jones the same work - - - - 0

ri6 3 0

1717-18. Paid Hugh ab William Mason - - ^17 8 0

(47 19 0—83

Paid the plumber for lead for the steeple - - - 2

1755. Paid for scaffolding for pointing the steeple - - 0

[A similar entry for the other side of the parish is made by the other

overseers. These items are for the new steeple.]

The Bells.

1718. V. M.2 " Henry Lloyd of Llanhafon left a legacy of ^20 towards a

new bell to the church of Llanrhaiadr, to be paid by his sister,

Elizabeth Lloyd, as Exx."
1742, May 17. " The legacy of Henry Lloyd was paid in by his sister,

now Elizabeth Maurice of Bryngwalia, widow." — Peter Powell,

Vicar.
1 728. C.W.'s Ac. Paid for timber to make a frame for the bell 7 9

Paid for making the frame - - - - 8 3 0 16 0

1735. V. M. 7th November. *' Ordered that ^636 be raised by rate, .£6 be

applied to the repairing the church, and d£30 be applied towards

procuring and purchasing a sett of bells to be sett up in the

steeple." — Signed, Peter Powell, Minister, and others.

1737. V. M. Nov. 18th. " Ordered (if occasion require) That the sum of

dB30 now lying in the hands of David Jenkins be raised and levyd
for and towards the purchasing of bells." — David Lloyd, Curate.

1738. V. M. Ffebruary 9th. " That ^27 be raised to repair the church (the

same being in a ruinous condition), and if any of the said sum
shall happen to remain and undisposed after the repairing of the
church. It is hereby likewise further ordered that the overplus
and residue thereof be apply! for and towards the purchasing of
bells." — Peter Powell, Vicar, and ors.

1739. V.M. Septr. 8th. [A similar minute to the last.]

1740. V. M. 14th September. "Ordered that the money now remaining in

the hands of the late wardens be as soon as possible apply'd for
and towards purchasing of three tunable bells." — David Lloyd,
Curate.
V. M. 6th November. *' We whose names are hereunto subscribed do
hereby desire the Honed Edward Madocks, Esquire, to send as soon
as possible to Mr. Abel Rudhall, bellfounder, for three bells, such
as he mentions in his proposal." As witness our hands. — Nathaniel
Maurice, William Maurice, Henry Lloyd, Rowland Charles, &c., &c.

^ C.W.'s Ac. Churchwardens' Accounts. ^ V. M. Vestry Minute.

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT. 333

1741. C.W.'s Ac. Balance due to the bellfounder - 60 12 6

Paid for the bells's room at Salop - - - 0 2 0

„ Charles Edwards for carting the said bells to

Llanrhaiadr - - - - 1 15 0

„ for several journeys to Salop to meet the bell-
founder - - - - - 1 0 0

„ Henry Davies earnest for timber - - 0 1 0

„ him (H. D.) for two tuns and 3 quarters of

timber to set up the bells - - - 4 1 6 0

„ more to him for 16 ft. of timber for the same

use - - - - - - 0 14 0

Spent in agreeing with the workmen for setting

up ye bells - - - - - 0 1 9

„ in measuring and paying for the timber which

set up ye bells - - - - 0 1 0

„ the 5th of November, viz., the time the bells

were set up, on carpenters and ringers - 0 2 6

Paid the persons that set up the bells - - 7 6 11

„ for bell ropes - - - - - 0 11 11

Gave Richd Jones and Eobt Jones in drink when

they took down the old bell - - 0 0 5

Paid Eichd Jones and Eobt Jones being their full

remainder due for setting up the bells - 1 6 3
Spent in paying thereof - - - - 0 1 0

Paid Mr. Ffelton for gudgeons to set up the bells 1 3 0-79 15 3

The Flagon.
1724. C.Ws Ac. Paid Thomas ye the smith for sod'ring the flagon 0 0 4^
1739. Paid Eichard Jones for carrying ye flagon [the new one]

from Salop - - - - - - 0 0 3

„ for changing the same - - - - - 0 5 0

Wainscotting around the Communion Table — Erection of two seats there, etc.
1 748. V. M. May 30. " Ordered and allowed that a sum not exceeding
£10 be raised towards wainscotting about the communion table
and warden's seat now railing in the communion table j fflagging
the floor and likewise fflagging six yards of the floor of the chan-
cel, according to the plan annext. And the churchwardens are
hereby empowered forthwith to provide materials and employ work-
men to execute the same. And it is hereby further agreed between
the vicar and the rest of the parishioners, that instead of the two
seats which the churchwardens at present occupy, there shall be
one seat erected for the use of the two churchwardens and their
successors for the time being, six feet in length and four feet in
breadth, on the south side of the communion table, and that the
vicar be allowed to erect a seat of the same dimensions on the north
side of the communion table at his own expense for the use of him
and his family and his successors for the time being." — W. Wor-
thington. Vicar, Henry Lloyd, Eobert Wynn, &c., &c.
v. M. "26th day of December. " Agreed by the vicar, churchwardens,
and parishioners then present, that the churchwardens' seat shall
be on the north side, and the vicar's seat on the south side of the
communion table." — W. Worthington, Vic, Eice Foulkes, David
Abrahams, C.W.'s., Eowland Charles, &c.

The Gallery and the new Window on the North side.
1753. V. M. April ye 27th. "At a publick vestry in the parish church of
Llanrhaiadr, it has been then ordered that a common gallery be
made upon the parish cost, and that the beam be taken down in the
north isle of the said church to be made use of in the said work,
and the window being in ye thatch [skylight in the roof probably]

334 LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

of the said north ile be likewise taken down and a new window to
be made in the said north wall."^ — W. Worthington, Vicar, &e., &c.
C.W.'s Ac. "Account of Edward Maurice, churchwarden, for part of
parish in the county of Denbigh ; and of Robert Wynne, church-
warden, for that part in Montgomeryshire."

Paid John Morris for making the gallery - - 6 1 0

„ Rees Ffoulkes for measuring seats in the north ile 0 5 0

Parochial Arrangements for the Poor. — Spinning Work provided. — Establish'
ment of a Market for sale of proceeds. — Erection of a Workhouse. — Prevention
of Vagrancy by a Badge to Beggars.

1755. V. M. 8th July. " At a vestry held this day, pursuant to public no-
tice, given thereof for two Sundays preceding, it is ordered by the
vicar, churchwardens, and overseers of the poor and the majority of
the parishioners of both sides the parish, met and assembled to
consult about the better maintenance and employment of the poor,
do order that the poor of the said parish be maintained and em-
ployed in the manner proposed in a schedule hereto annexed. As
witness our hands the day of the date of hereof above written." —
W. Worthington, Vicar, &c.

" It is proposed (1) That two funds be provided out of the
charity money and the poor's rate in aid of it if there be occasion,
one for the Denbighshire part, and the other for the Montgomery-
shire part of this parish, and that out of the said funds suflScient
quantities of coarse wool be bought at the best hand from time to
time for the employment of spinning warp for webs. That on

( ) morning every week a quantity of wool be delivered to

each poor person or family sufficient for a week's employment in
carding and spinning it, and that at the week's end it be brought
back by them in yarn. And that a market on that day be set up
at Llanrhaiadr for the sale of it, and yt the poor who spin it be
allowed the whole profit arising from it, deducting only the price of
the wool and other necessary expences, and that at the same time
more wool be delivered them to be wrought in the same manner,
and so from week to week. That whatsoever yarn remains unsold
y t they be allowed for it according to the market price { provided it
be marketable), and the yarn be made into webbs and sold for the
benefit of the parish funds. That if the yarn be not marketable or
under weight, the person who spins it shall make it good out of his
or her allowance, and in cases of repeated offences of this kind shall
have no more work given them, and be struck off the poor's list.
That all poor able to work who refuse to take in wool to spin for the
parish shall be struck off the poor's list, likewise have their allow-
ance withdrawn.

" That all poor willing to work be encouraged according to their
deserts and circumstances by a monthly or weekly allowance out of
the poor's rate over and above what they earn by their labour.
And that those who are unprovided with cards and wheels be fur-
nished with them at the expense of the parish, the property remain-
ing in the parish. That an agent or agents be appointed by the
parish to buy in wool, distribute it to the poor, sell the yarn, and
transact all other matters relating to the manufacture. That a
salary of ( ) in the pound be allowed for agency out of every

pound laid out by the parish for wool and manufactured. That a
book be provided to keep all the accounts relating to the manu-
facture, and that fair entry be made by the agent therein of the
receipts and disbursements ; wool bought and delivered out, and to

1 By this minute we infer that the roof of the church was open wood- work
{see 1778, p. 337). _

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT. 335

whom ; work taken in ; yarn sold, &c. That the minister, church-
wardens, and overseers of the poor, with any of the parishioners who
think fit to attend, do meet on the last Saturday in every month, to
audit the agent's accounts, examine into the manufacture, the fund,
and stock in hand, and to make orders and regulations with regard
to it; likewise to hear complaints both by the poor and against them,
remove their grievances, provide for their relief, and punish delin-
quents. That a warehouse be provided at the parish expense to keep
the wool and yarn in. That no begging poor be encouraged, especially
such as be not parishioners. That all poor living in the parish, but
not belonging to it, who want work, have work given them to spin
according to the above regulations at the rate of fifteen pence a
pound for the spinning it, and if they refuse work and are found
begging that they be instantly removed to their proper settlements.
That at the year's end premiums shall be distributed to those that
shall appear to have done most work and in the best manner, viz.,
twenty shillings to the first best, ten to the second, and Jive to the
third."

[This scheme probably was drawn up by Dr. Worthington. There
is no further entry kept bearing thereon.]

1765. V. M. April 19th. "It has been unanimously agreed by us and

accepted, that a workhouse be established and kept from the first
day of May, 1766, for three years next ensuing, for the provision of the
poor and for their maintenance, and that the said poor to be therein
maintained and kept in a proper manner in the customable manner
of our parish, that is to say, with bread and cheese and other sup-
ping as requisite, &c. And in lieu thereof that the said poor in the
workhouse be so kept and maintained to work according to their
ability and willingly, in hemp, flax, or wool, or any other material
that shall be put to their hands." — Witness our hands, John Thomas,
Overseer, and others.

1766. V. M. Jan, 7. "At a vestry held this day duly called, it has been

agreed therein that a workhouse should be established and kept for
the maintenance of the poor of the said parish, both sides of the
parish. But excepting to that it has been objected by the inha-
bitants of the township of Treveiliw, that they do not approve of a
workhouse to be made on their account. They now in this vestry
say, and will provide and allow for their paupers in their township.'*
— Witness my hand in neighbours' absence, the X mark of P. h.
[It would appear by the following note appended immediately to
this that the neighbours came in before the meeting was closed ]

" Be it known that it has been agreed and designed as above.
It is therefore our order that a vestry called to be assembled next
Sunday after evening prayer, on. account of the workhouse designed
to be established for the maintenance of the poor." — Witness our
hands, Edward Roberts, Rowland Charles, William Price, Isaac
Charles.
„ V. M. Ffeb. 16th. " At a vestry held this day duly called and kept,
and in pursuance of an order of another vestry held and kept the
26th day of last January. It has been agreed by us the inhabitants
of this parish now present, that a house be provided for the recep-
tion of the poor thereof, therein to inhabit and dwell and to work
each and every of them according to their ability in lieu of their
maintenance to be allowed them by the parish or parishioners of
the same. And it is further agreed between us and Richard Grif-
fiths for the house wherein Edward Simon now dwelleth and his
other tenants. That the said Richard Griffiths be paid for his
house taken for the said purpose four pounds and five shillings
for three years, thence yearly and every year during the term, to
commence from the first day of May next, together with the light

336 LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

tax. And the said Eichard Griffiths doth hereby promise to put
the said house in tenantable repair before the commencing this
agreement j and especially to tile the thatch of the inside. In wit-
ness whereof the said parties have hereunto set their hands. The
words three years, yearly, and every year during the said term
being first interlined." — Signed Thomas Meredith, Eowland Charles,
Edward Eoberts, John Williams, Eichard Griffiths, &c.
„ V. M. June 26th. " It has been concluded and agreed by a great
number of the parishioners of both sides the parish then present,
that a workhouse be established and kept upon the equal expense
of each side of the parish according to the pound rate ; and also it
is expected that the overseers of each side of the parish shall have
paid to their respective poor by the first day of ( ) and conse-
quently have their parish books clear of all arrears." — Signed.

1770. C.W.'s Ac. Spent in vestry touching a workhouse 0 16

Paid earnest for the same - - - -00 4 0 1 10

1783. V. M. December 3rd. " For the better preventing vagrants, and for
the more effectually relieving the poor of the parish, it is now
ordered in publick vestry (legally called) that no poor persons
(excepting in sickness or some other extraordinary causes ) belonging
to the Denbighshire part of this parish, shall or may have any
relief from the officers thereof, or suffer to beg in the said parish
unless they wear the badge in red colour according to the statute ;
and at the said vestry it is likewise ordered that the present over-
seers of the poor, viz., Mr. Hugh Charles and Johif Daniel, do
observe and provide the said badges accordingly; witness our
hands the day and year aforesaid." — Hugh Charles, the mark X of
John Daniel, Overseers of the Poor, Eichard Eoberts, &c.

A Hearse and Hearse House.

1758. V. M. October ye 14. " We, the vicar, churchwardens, and majority of
the parishioners then present, have agreed and ordered that a hand-
some hearse with harness for two horses and other proper appur-
tenances be provided for the use of the parish. And a building be
erected on the north side of the church and adjoining to it in the
angle on the said side for keeping of the said hearse, and the
churchwardens are hereby empowered and ordered to provide the
said hearse and to erect the said building with all convenient speed.
Witness our hands the day and year above written." — W. Worth-
ington. Vicar, John Lloyd, Eowland Charles (Churchwardens),
Thomas Jones, Eobert Wynne, William Davies [Plas Maengwy-
nedd], &c.
„ C. W.'s Ac. Paid for the hearse as per agreement
Paid for the harness . - . _

„ „ „ carriage of it -
„ „ mason work to the new ile
„ „ lime for the same -
„ „ carpenter's work for ditto
„ „ slater's work for the same
„ „ laths 3s. 9d., and ibr slates 7s. -
„ „ smith's work for the hearse ile -
„ „ carrying timber 4 days at 5s.
„ „ carrying slates - . . .

Spent in making bargains with ye several trades-
men ---._.
Paid for glazier's work - - - - 0 4 1 — 10 8 4

1 76n. V. M. February 23. *' The above account now examined and allowed."
— W. Worthington, Vicar, Evan Kyffin, Sampson Davies, Ellis
Humphreys, &c.

3 10

1 10

0 0

1 1

0 12

1 0

0 14

0 10

0 7

0 10

0 6

0 2

0 4

LL A NRHAI ADR- YN-MOCHN ANT.

337

1782. C.W.'s Ac. Received of Mr. Evans, Llanfyllin, for the use

of the hearse to To wyni - - - . - 0 13 0

Miscellaneous.
1741. C.W.'s Ac. Spent in agreeing with Thomas Grif-
fiths and John Roberts for stopping the pid-
geons from coming to church - - - 0 1 0

Paid John Roberts for stopping them coming to

church - - - . - - 0 2 0

Paid Thomas Griffiths for carrying lime, stone,

and gravel to compleat the said work - - 0 2 0 — 0 5 0

[The pigeons, it would appear, were very troublesome, for there are other

entries in various years in reference to their troubiesoineness.]
1 773. Paid Edward Cherry for carpenter's work - - - 3 1 0 7

[Possibly for the work connected with the new north window.]
]776. V. M, June 9. "We do order, allow, consent and agree, that what
further repairs as is necessary on the south aisle be immediately
carried on this summer by the direction of the Rev. Dr. Worthing-
ton and the present churchwardens."— Signed.
„ C.W.'s Ac. Paid Thomas Morris and Robert Hughes for

carpenter's work on the south ile of the church - - 5 0 0

1778. Paid Mr. Hawbrook for ceiling, plaistering, and whitewash-
ing within the church - - - - - 10 10 10
1782. Paid Thomas Morris, joiner, for framing the ten

commandments - - - - - 0 11 0

Paid for painting the same - - - 1 6 3 — 117 3

[This probably was the time Twm o'r Nant saw them down and
made his unworthy verses on the occasion.]
1801. A new frame was again had for them and cost 2s. dd.

1803. Rate levied for the relief of the poor at 2s. in the pound.

1804. Paid for a whip for the use of the church - - - 0 0 10
1812. An iron chest put in the church.

Raising Men for the Navy, Army, and Militia, to avoid Balloting.

1795. V. M. April 27. " Agreed and ordered that we the several parish

officers of Llanrhaiadr, Llanarmon Mynydd Mawr, and Llansant-
ffraid Glyn Ceiriog, do hereby consent and order that the several
parishes aforesaid shall join in a lawful! proportion according to the
number of houses rateable to the window duty in each parish
respectively, to pay the proportionable sum when lawfully required
• towards raising two men to His Majesty's navy pursuant to a late

Act of Parliament passed." — Signed.

1796. V. M. December 21. Contains a similar agreement between the parish

officers of Llanrhaiadr, Llangedwin, and Llanarmon M. M., towards
raising four men for the army.
1798. V. M. May 7. " Agreed and ordered that, to prevent balloting, the
several overseers of the parish shall jointly pay a sum of money not
exceeding dglO in the whole, out of the parish poor rates, so that the
same shall not amount to more than ^£5 on Denbighshire part, and
the like sum of £5 on Montgomeryshire part, for providing one
man to the militia instead of John Rhees, whose substitute never
joined the regiment. And with respect to the other vacancy, John
Hughes, who was substitute for David Jones in said militia, and
deemed a deserter, that his father John Hughes is to lodge .£10 in
the overseer's hands in a week's time, in case he can't find his said
son John for that purpose, towards getting a man in his stead. In

1 This was to fetch the body of his brother, the Rev. W. Evans, who was
drowned there.

VOL. VL Z

338 LL ANRH AI A DR-YN-MOCHN ANT.

case said John Hughes will obtain his discharge, John Hughes to
have his .£10 returned to him."— Signed.
Place of holding Vestries.
1802. June 19. " Ordered at a legal vestry this day held, that the vestries
of the parish shall be in future held jointly and separately in rota-
tion regularly in every public house in the village of Llanrhaiadr
without any favour or affection to be allowed to any officer or either
of the parishioners whomsoever. As witness our hands." — Signed
by the churchwardens and seven other parishioners.

Removal of the Church Porch.^
1808. V. M. March 25. " The parishioners of both sides of the parish, at a
lawfuU vestry called on Sunday last in church after divine service,
in order to settle about moving the porch at the west end of the
churchyard. And we, the parishioners present at the said vestry,
are unanimous of opinion that the same be removed about one yard
or more farther into the churchyard, so that it may not incommode
the passage into the adjoining premises in the holding of Mrs.
Bibby, and that the same be new silled and repaired.

PiSTYLL Ehaiadr. — SincG the remarks in vol. iv, p. 213, were
written, the writer has ascertained, by a series of levels taken
specially for the purpose, the several heights of this cataract.
The highest fall. — This was measured from the margin of the
water near an ordnance survey mark in a bit of masonry work
. at the top near the outside of th^e plantation on the north side
of the stream, to the brink of the middle, or great fall, and the
descent showed a fall of 74 feet. The grand fall. — This, mea-
sured from the last spot at the margin of the precipitous rock
to the water^s edge issuing out of the natural arch, which is its
base, marked a descent of 183 feet. The lowest fall. — Measuring
at the natural arch, to the level of the pool below the wooden
bridge, marked a descent of 52 feet. Thus making a total of
309 feet.

Geological. Tyllau'e Pedyll. — These are great chasms or
fissures at the south-western extremity of the Garn ridge, just
above Owm Glanhafon. They have been overlooked by geolo-
gists in their visits to this neighbourhood. They are comprised
within an area of about 120 square chains. The fissures vary
in width at the top from three feet to eighteen inches. The
north wall is perpendicular, the south one slanting inwards.
The existing depths vary, the deepest parts now exposed are
about thirty feet deep. They have been known to be very much
deeper, but owing to the falling of earth and stone after frosts,
and the accumulation of vegetation they are filling up. There
are visible traces of a convulsion of nature in various lines of
'* faults " frequent around and forming part of the same.

' Refer to the account of the burial of the Rev. Thomas Lloyd,
p. 315.

LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT. 339

The *' Green" Stone. — This stone, described in vol. iv, page
236, has on the side farthest from the road, a square space cut
in, with the following inscription : h. p. vie. p. mcdclxx. The
date corresponds to the time the improvements in the roads
were being made from the village to Salop. The initials are
not sufficient to make out a guess as to who was the indi-
vidual who designed them to perpetuate his memory. His name
has fallen short of the " laurel."

The Lead Mines. Nantymwn. — The very old workings at
this mine, originally Roman, are being proceeded with, with
fresh energy, under the new name of '^ East Llangynog Mines.''
The production of ore in the level called No. 1 is quite a success.
There are seven levels in the works, comprising a total length
of about 2600 yards, and the vertical drivings or '^winzes" make
a total of 132 yards. The level designated as No. 4 is the
longest, comprising with its '^ cross-cuts '^ a length of about
1 350 yards. No. 1 level is about 550 yards in length, and the
North Adit level upwards of 350 yards.

Nantyhlaidd. — This is a comparative old mine, but is now in
a promising state for ore. These two mines .are in the Mont-
gomeryshire division of the parish. Companies also are being
formed for taking up fresh mining ^^setts" within the vale of
Cwmblowty.

Etymological. — We offer the following interpretation of a
few of the proper names in the parish.

Gwm Maengwynedd. — This vale in its upper part is profusely
studded with spar rock, and boulders, of peculiar whiteness,
from which circumstance most probably it derives its name.
That is cwm, a vale ; maen, a stone, and stones as a collective
noun of multitude; gwyn, white; edd, a termination sometimes
signifying a " state of peacefulness." Therefore it may mean
" the peaceful white-stone vale", or '' the peaceful vale of the
white-stones."

Gartheryr. — A township and a residence. From garthj a
hill-slope, or garthan, a battle. The Roman road over Bwlchy-
ddar leads through the premises of the residence. Possibly it
had its name from the Roman standard, or eagle, being erected
near the spot for battle. Near it is a place called Penyddalfa,
i.e., the place of the encounter.

Banhadla fBanhadleJ, — This consists of a hamlet, two
townships, and a residence. The name has been supposed to
be derived from hanadl, broom. We think another derivation
is more suitable to the locality, and therefore suggest as
follows: ban (bann), high conspicuous, famous, excellent ; hedd,
peace ; lie, place, circuit, ground. Banhadla (or 'Banheddle')

z 2

340 LLANRHAIADR-YN-MOCHNANT.

thereby would mean ^' the place of the high conspicuous [or
famous] peace.^'

Trefeiliw. — A township, and a residence. It is situated in
the lower part of the parish, and lying contiguous to Banhadla,
and Gartheryr. From tre {tref), a town, country village; house,
home : in the W. Laws, tre is used for a certain portion of land,
a township, e.g., pedair gafael yn mhob tref; i.e., four holdings
or farms in a township : Mael, and maelio, profit, gain, advan-
tage; to gain, &c. (or Maelyiv, a person's name). Taking the
connection of the word with the locality, and the local traditions,
we thereby think it may mean the town or place of marketing
or business.

Henfachau. — A township, and a residence, in the upper and
most hilly part of the parish. From hen, old, ancient ; mach
(pi. machau), a security, places of security, secure retreat;
therefore Henfachau may mean, " the old places of security," or
'' the ancient residences.^^

Abermarchnant. — A township adjoining Llanwddyn parish.
This word, according to modern usage, has a reduplication of
terms; e.g., aher, a brook, stream; nant, a stream. It may
have meant originally the '^stream of the horses,'' or the
horse-brook.

Nantyfyllon. — A township adjoining Llanfyllin parish. From
nant, and myllon, or myllin, the *' stream of the violets.''

(To be continued.)

341

POETEAITS

CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHIRE.^

AT BROGYNTYN (continued).

William Owen, Esq., of Porkington, Governor of Har-
lech ; in study.

William Owen, Esq., son of Sir John, ditto.

Katherine Owen, daughter of Lewis Anwyl, Esq., of
Park and Cemmes, ditto.

Mary Jane Ormsby, when a child, in gallery.

Elizabeth Lyster, heiress of Penrhos, wife of Rev.
Lewis Owen ; in dining-room.

Sidney Godolphin, Governor of Scilly Islands ; in
ditto.

Sir Eobert Owen, when a child, with a view of Pork-
ington in the background ; in gallery.

Arthur, son of Sir Robert Owen ; in ditto.

AT GLANSEVERN. JAN. 1873.

1. Sir Arthur Davies Owen, Knt. ; seated ; to right.

2. David Owen, Esq. ; seated ; to left.

3. William Owen, Esq., K.C. ; seated ; to left.

4. Mrs. Anne Warburton Owen (wife No. 3); seated;
inclined to right. By Sant, R.A.

5. Sir Edward William Campbell Richard Owen,
G.C.B., &c. ; three-quarter length ; standing ; full fron£
By Pickersgill, R.A.

6. Rev. Edward Owen, sometime Rector of War-
rington, Cheshire ; kit-cat.

* Continued from p. 154.

342 PORTE AITS

7. William Owen, Captain, KN. ; small full length;
standing ; in landscape. Naval uniform.

For particulars of the above, see Montgomeryshire Collections, vol.
iii, pp. 252, and following.

8. Diana (Warburton) Lady Grosvenor ; three-quar-
ter length ; standing ; to right ; holding white terrier.

9. Sir George Warburton, Bart. ; standing ; to left
three-quarter length ; right hand on head of pointer
gun across left arm.

10. Anne (Warburton), wife of Thomas Sloughter,
Esq. ; kit-cat, oval.

11. The same; three-quarter length; standing; to
left.

12. Infant daughter of the above ; full front ; stand-
ing ; full length.

13. Sir George Warburton, Bart., and brother,
Thomas Warburton, Esq. ; both on horse-back, wdth
huntsmen and dogs.

14. Hon. Catherine Alington ; full face; seated;
holding black cat.

15. Hon. Diana (Alington), wife of Sir George War-
burton ; seated ; holding King Charles spaniel.

16. Harriet (Warburton), wife of — Leigh ; kit-cat ;
oval ; hair powdered.

17. Thomas Sloughter, Esq. ; three-quarter length ;
«mall.

1 8. Same ; kit-cat.

19. Anne Warburton, his wife.

20. Infant ; three-quarter oval.

AT GARTH.

Richard Mytton, Esq., of Pontyscowrydd ; and after-
wards of Garth, in right of his wife Dorothy, daughter
and heiress of Brochwel Wynn, Esq., of Garth ; sheriff
of Montgomeryshire 1730; ohiit 1772; 48 inches by
40 inches.

His daughter, Catherine, the wife of Edward Deve-
reux, eleventh Viscount Hereford; ohiit 1748; 29
inches by 24 inches.

CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 343

His lineal descendant in the 4tli degree, Richard Her-
bert Mytton, Esq., of Garth, sheriff of Montgomeryshire
1856 j Chairman of the Montgomeryshire Quarter Ses-
sions, for some years previous to 1869 ; ohiit 1869 ; 49
inches by 38 inches. By Gordigiani.

AT VAYNOR PARK.

Arthur Pryce, Esq., of Vaynor; dated 1636; 30
inches by 25 inches.

His only daughter and heiress, Bridget, afterwards,
the wife of George Devereux, Esq., and grandmother of
Pryce, 9th Viscount Hereford ; dated "1636, aged 16";
30 inches by 25 inches.

A gentleman of middle age, of the same period, most
probably her husband, George Devereux, Esq., sheriff
of Montgomeryshire 1658 and 1673 ; 24 inches by 20
inches.

The costume of the above three portraits is of the period, and
the manner of Cornelius Jansen.

Pryce, 9th Viscount Hereford, grandson of Bridget
Pryce; ohiit at Vaynor, 1740; buried at Berriew ;
crayon portrait ; in peers robes ; 26 inches by 18 inches.

Joseph Lyon, Esq., of Vaynor ; sheriff of Montgom-
eryshire, 1801 ; ohiit 1809 ; size, 36 inches by 30
inches.

John Winder, Esq., of Vaynor; in uniform; sheriff
of Montgomeryshire, 1803; ohiit 1820. Miniature, by
Jean, (one of the best portrait painters of his time).

Cecilia Millicent, the wife of Major WilHam Corbett,
of Vaynor, and daughter of Rev. Robert Hornby ; size,
5 feet 7 inches by 4 feet 2 inches. By Baccani, 1873.

AT LLANDINAM HALL.

Sir Randolph Crewe, Knight, Lord Chief Justice of
the Court of Queen's Bench, ohiit 1645-6 ; 48 inches by
48 inches.

His lineal descendant in the fifth degree. Rev. Ran-
dulph Crewe, LL.D. ; Rector of Barthomley and War-
mingham, ohiit 1777 ; 30 inches by 24 inches.

34-4 PORTRAITS

His wife, Ann Read, daughter of John Read, of
Llandinam Hall, Esq. ; 30 inches by 24 inches.

Their first son, Rev. Offley Crewe, M.A., Rector of
Barthomley,and Warmingham,Mucclestone,and Woore ;
obiit 1836 ; 30 inches by 24 inches.

Their daughter, Mary (wife of Dr. Chorley of Don-
caster) ; 36 inches by 30 inches.

Charlotte Prestwood Crewe-Read, the mother of
Captain Offley Malcolm Crewe-Read, R.N., of Llan-
dinam Hall, (being the daughter of Admiral Sir Wil-
loughby Thomas Lake, K.C.B., and the wife of John
Crewe, Esq., the eldest son of Rev. Offley Crewe, who
by Royal License in 1836 assumed the arms and ad-
ditional surname of Read, the surname of his grand-
mother, Ann Read, on acceding to the estates of the
Reads, in Montgomeryshire) ; ohiit 1865 ; 24 inches by
18 inches. By Russell.

Miss Macbride, as a little girl, afterwards Lady Lake,
the mother of Mrs. C. P. Crewe-Read, and the grand-
mother of Captain O. M. Crewe-Read, R.N. She was
daughter of Admiral Macbride, M.P. ; ohiit 1840 ; 48
inches by 39 inches. By Northcote.

AT GRANGE-ERIN, DOUGLAS, CORK.

1. Half-length, life-size, oil. In oval frame, curiously
carved. The Reverend Matthew Jones, a younger bro-
ther of Dr. Edward Jones, Bishop of St. Asaph 1692-
1703. He was born at Llwyn Ririd in 1654, baptized
at Forden, 4 July of that year, and died 7 December,
1717. He is represented as wearing a preacher's gown
and bands. Painted circa 1712.

2. Half-length, life-size, oil. In oblong frame. Ed-
ward Jones, son and heir of the Rev. Matthew Jones.
He was an officer in the army ; and wears a red coat,
with cuirass beneath it. Born in 1688 ; died in 1741.
Painted circa 1712.

3. Half-length, life-size, oil. In oblong frame. Mat-
thew Jones, son and heir of the aforesaid Edward Jones.

CONNECTED WITH MONTGOMERYSHLRE. 345

He wears a blue silk, or satin, coat. Born in 1719 ;
died in 1768. Painted circa 1750.

4. Miniature, exquisitely painted on ivory, in 1782,
represented Melian, daughter and heiress of the afore-
said Matthew Jones, married 10 November, 1782, to
Samuel Hayman, Esq., of Prospect Hill, Youghal, co.
Cork.i

AT CEFN, NEAR ST. ASAPH.

Kight E,ev. Kobert Morgan, D.D., Bishop of Bangor
\GCjQi-7'S, who was a native of Fron Fraith, in Llandyssil,
but for some time Vicar of Llanwnog, and Comportioner
of Llandinam. — See fuither, Williams's Eminent Welsh-
men.

AT FRON VIRNIEW, LLANSAINTFFRAID.

John Bill Pryse, Esq., on horseback, also his hunts-
man, John Morgan, and six couple of his favourite har-
riers, "The Tan at Side"; 24 inches by 24 inches.
Painted in 1835, by Giles, of London.

AT PENMAEN DOVEY.

Rev. Walter Davies, M.A. (Gwallter Mcchain), the
celebrated antiquary ; obiit 1849 ; 22 inches by 17^
inches. By Hughes.

AT GARTHMYL.

Edward Johnes, Garthmyl, M.D., born 1773, died
184G ; kitcat by Jones of Chester.

Edward Johnes, son of the above, Commander

1 Their son, Matthew Hayman, Esq., of South Abbey, Youghal,
justice of the peace for the county Cork, married, in 1816, Helen,
daughter of Arundel Hill, Esq., of Doneraile, and (with others) had
a son and heir, the Rev. Samuel Hayman, rector of Douglas, co.
Cork, who thus writes : — " Besides the foregoing pictures, there are
in the collection four oil paintings, half-lengths, life-size, represent-
ing members of the Llwyn Ririd family of Jones. About ninety
years ago, my grandfather cleaned, classified, and endorsed with
names the family portraits. He failed in appropriating these four
likenesses, and they must now, 1 fear, remain without identification.'*

346 PORTRAITS, ETC.

KN., died 1829; kitcat by an amateur, exhibited at
the Royal Academy as '' Taffy".

John Maurice Herbert, Judge of County Courts of
Circuit 24 ; small three-quarter length water colour by
Benjamin Green.

Samuel Humphreys, son of C. C. Humphreys of Bank
House, Montgomery, born 1760, died 1840; small
half-length water colour by Benjamin Green.

Charles Wyndham Humphreys, son of the above,
Lieut. H.E.I.C., born 1806, died 1825 ; bust by Mas-
carier.

Sir Charles Forbes of Newe, N.B., first Baronet ;
small kitcat by Raeburn.

AT DOLFOR.

Miniature of William Pugh, Esq., of Caerhowel,
Sheriff of Montgomeryshire 1813, oUit 1823.

Frances, the wife of William Pugh, Esq., and dau.
of E/ichard Lewis, Esq., of the parish of Welshpool,
oUit 1828.

Their son, William Pugh, Esq., of Brynllywarch,
obiit 1842 ; 36 inches by 26 inches, by Malhube, of
Caen, France.

Miniature of Beatrice Matilda, the wife of William
Pugh, Esq., and daughter of Bichard Denison, Esq.,
M.D., of London, and Jane, his wife, nee Buckley, ohiit
1829.

Miniature of Jane Buckley,^ daughter and heiress of
the Rev. Mellington Buckley of Dolfor, and Maryle-
bone, London, and wife of Richard Denison, Esq. M.D.,
ohiit 1811.

1 Great niece of Dr. John and Mr. James, Mellington, who had
large estates in Montgomeryshire, and who founded two exhibitions,
four scholarships, and one fellowship, at Magdalen College, Cam-
bridge, for their kindred who should be brought up at the Shrewsbury-
Grammar School {vide History of Shrewsbury). They also founded
a hospital in Shrewsbury, which is called by their name, and where
there is a fine portrait of the younger brother.

{To he continued.)

34'

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL (STRATA

MARCELLA) OR POLA/

By morris C. JONES, F.S.A.

Before proceeding, we give the following notes with
which we have been favoured : —

Observations on the Charter of Elisse in Montgomery shii^e Col-
lections J vol. ivy jp. 23. By Howel William Lloyd.

Llecheudin, in modern Welsh Llech Eithin, is com-
pounded of two words, llech, a flat stone, and eithin,
gorse. Taken together they would denote a shelving
rock, covered or studded with gorse. The Ordnance
Map gives no such name, either in the neighbourhood of
Gwyddelwern, as suggested in vol. iv, p. 24, or of Cwm
Maen (spelt Main in O. M.), meaning stone glen, which
it does give, not near Gwyddelwern, but in the moun-
tains near the road from Bala to Cerrig y Drudion, at
the foot of a hill called Moel Cwm Maen (the bare hill
of the stone glen). This Cwm Maen is situated on a
little stream, called in the map, not Aber Cwm Maen,
as the Abercwmmaen of the grant would lead us to
expect, but Aber ar wlaw (the rain-formed stream),
which falls into the Geirw at a few miles distance, and
at a point north-east from the limit in that direction
of the grant of Madoc Hedd Gam to the monks of
Ystrad Marchell. This stream is conterminous with
the boundary, of which, for the length of its short
course, it forms a part, between the parishes of Llanvor
and Llangwm, the ancient cantrevs or hundreds of

^ Continued from vol. v, p. 148.

348 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

Penllin and Dinmael, the kingdoms of Gwynedd and
Powys, and the modern counties of Merioneth and
Denbigh.

That the streamlet called Aber ar Wlaw is identical
with *^ Abercummein", appears from the fact that,
when followed up to its source, sufficiently indicated by
Main cumhein (Blaen Cwm Maen, not marked in O. M.),
and thence by a place called " Cast ell" (a name signify-
ing/or^re^s, and representing Caerynwch,^ the Kairrun-
hok of the grant) to the brook which, rising in the
hills, flows through the vale and past the village of
Llangwm into the Geyro near its confluence with the
Alwen at Maesmawr, a ford named Rhyd Dolwen is
reached, which is the "vadum Dolwen" and "|Bidolwen"
of the grant. We are directed to follow the Dolwen
upstream to the " Nantucheldre'' (Nant Ucheldre,
brooklet of the high homestead), and to follow its
downward course to the "Manachduuver", which, again,
is to be traced upwards to the rivulet called " Alarch"
(Swan), to be followed in its turn downwards to the
Geyro (Geirw), which terminates the grant. There is
no " Nant Ucheldre", so called, in the O. M., but pre-
cisely in the direction indicated, we do find a brook,
which flows into another and a larger brook, watering
the vale known as Cwm Tre Myneich (Monk's Town
Vale), which ought to have been, but is not marked
in the O. M., and which falls into the Trywerin below
the Bala and Ffestiniog road at a little distance from
the new church at Vron Goch. The O. M. does not
tell us the name of this brook, but from the name,
'' Pont y Mynachdwr," which it gives to a bridge over
it at a point measuring about half of its course, we are
left to infer that it was, perhaps is still, called " My-
nachdwr,^ meaning Monks water. This is the equivalent

^ This name seems identical with that of the seat of Meredith
Richards, Esq., near Dolgelly, to which Davies, in the Mythology of
the British Druids, ascribes a Druidical origin.

2 The name of this brook, derived from the monks, shows that
they had settled in Cwm Try Myneich before cither grant was made.

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 349

of Manachduner, for which the latter should mani-
festly have been printed " Manachduner", the last two
syllables being, in fact, the exponent of the old Welsh
word **dyfr" or " dwfr", in modem Welsh commonly
contracted into '' dwr," Anglice, water. So, in the
grant of Madoc Hedd Gam, we find a brook named
Caleduuer, the modern form of which is Caled-dwr,
contracted into ^'Clettwr", a somewhat common name
for brooks in Wales, and significative of the hardness
of the water. By following up the Mynachdwr, as
directed, its source is arrived at on the south side of
Cader Benllin ; and, on its opposite side, a petty
streamlet, called in the O. M. **Y Nant Bach" (the
little brook), but which should have been given as the
"Alarch", since it runs into the Geirw, precisely as
laid down in the grant. We find, thus, the whole
extent of the latter comprised, with the exception of a
few broken intervals of land, within streams, the last
being the Geirw, from the junction with it of the
" Nant Bach" to that of the '' Aber ar Wlaw". Within
it, strange to say, lies the estate of Gydros, supposed
to have fallen to the Bhiwlas family by the marriage of
Sir Robert ab Rhys, the priest, with Lowry, daughter
of Rhys Lloyd, its heiress. Be this as it may, the
limits of the grant are unquestionable, and it awaits
only fuller information as to the manner in which it
subsequently fell to Rhiwlas to enable us to learn
whether the monks had parted with the property pre-
vious to the dissolution, or whether the Lloyds of
Gydros had acquired it by a grant from the crown.

Montgomeryshire Collections, vol. iv,^p, 30-1.

" Notum sit universis S. Matris Ecclesie filiis &c.
quod ego Elisse Madoci filius vendidi et confirm avi
Monachis de Stradmarchell pro octo libris partem terrse
que dicitur Gwothelwern consensu et donatione here-
dum ville illius in his terminis, videlicet, ab helegluin
seithue usque ad fossam et sic ducente eadem fossa
usque at gweun et inde in longitudine usque at Moil

350 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

cassec et a Moil cassec usque ad Ilivulum proximum
sibi et a rivulo illo usque ad alium rivulum illo ma-
jorem."

Ohsorvations,

None of the names of these places are to be found on
the Ordnance Map in the parish of Gwyddelwern.
But the meaning of the names is striking as descriptive
of the nature of the land immediately adjoining the
village in the valley in the direction of the vale of
Clwyd as it was thirty or forty years ago, but now
much altered for the better by improved cultivation
and drainage. " Helegluin seithuc," for instance, pro-
bably stands for Helyg Iwyn Ueithiawg, meaning "Wet-
willow grove"; "gweun" for "wain", "rough waste-
land"; "Moel cassec," for Moel y Gasseg, "the Mare's
bare hill"; and the large flat meadow, now divided
into rich grass fields, which stretched across the space
that lies between the heights that bound the valley
on either side, was then intersected by several small
streams. This grant would lie in the immediate
neighbourhood of Esgyn Cainog. It clearly contains
only one proper name of a place, " Moel y Gaseg," and
should be read thus : " Namely, from the wet- willow
grove to the ditch, and as the same ditch leads as far
as the rough waste-ground, and thence along (? the
ditch) to Moel y Gaseg, and from Moel y Gaseg to the
stream nearest to it, and from that stream to another
stream greater than it."

Montgomeryshire GolhctionSj vol. ivj jq. 309.

De tota terr4 Dolwen. There are farms called Dol-
wen Ucha and Dolwen Isa near Aberhirnant in the
hills above E-hiwaedog.

P. 312, 1. 5. " Gydermaun" seems to be meant for
Edeyrnion. Nant-faith (Long Dingle).

Paragraph 5, Lledwenin. There are two heights,
marked in 0. M., Lledwyn Fawr and Lledwyn Bach,
on the right of the road from Llan y Mawddwy to
Bala in a north-east direction from the Aran. Lied-

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 351

wenin may be intended for Lledwynion, the plural of
Lledwyn, comprising the two heights in one.

Paragraph 6. Blaenhiveit (BJaen Hyfaidd, or Blaen
Hyfed), query, where ? Maes Hyfed, meaning " field
easily reaped," is Welsh for Radnorshire.^ H. W. Ll.

Wennunwen's Charter, 1201 (Montgomeryshire Collections^
vol. iv,p. 297).

In the charter granted by Wennunwen, son of Owain
Kyfeiliog, to the monks of Strat Marchell in 1201, it is
there stated with reference to its bounds, " And by the
Rydiol as far as Gwrhetkei and thence the Bydiol
again as far as Abercamddwr Keveiliac, and from Aber-
camddwr Keveiliac as far as its rising and thence in a
direct course as far as Blain Einiawn, and thence by
Einiawn as far as its Aber, and thence by the Dovi as
far as Aberdulas."

He also gives to the monks of Cwmhyr by petition
of the monks of Strat Marchell, '' all the pastures be-
tween Conf (or Gorsfochno) and Einiawn."

This manor must have been severely cut up by Ed-
ward I, for, in 1284, he made a grant of the new manor
of Geneurglyn to Roger Mortimer, which has descended
by marriages through the Clements to the present
owner, Sir Pryse Pryse, Bart., the boundaries of which
are as follows : " From Abercamddwr Keveiliog to He-
ligan y Wendeth (to where the white willow grows),
from Heligan y Wendeth to the Thlwenant (Llyffnant),
from the Thlwenant to the Dovi, from the Dovi to
Redhir (Rhydhir), and from Redhir to the Elevy (Lerry),
and from the Elevy to Abercamddwr." This embraces
the whole country between Abercamddwr Keveiliog

^ Redenock in tlie grant to Llanllugan, Montgomeryshire Collec-
tions, vol. ii, p, 309, may have been named so from the Abbot
Enoch : Rhyd, the ford Enoe of Enoch = Enoch's ford, probably on
the Banw. " Hudon" may be Llanllugan, but to me it sounds more
like Elidan, from whom we have Llan Elidan in Deubigh shire.
Huw Arwystli has a mysterious allusion to him in one of his poems,
as though ho were connected in some way with nuns in Montgo-
meryshire.

352 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

to the river Lechweddmor, up that river to the river
LlyfFnant, then round by the Dovey to Borth, including
Gorsfochno and the present manor of Tirymynach, now
detached and claimed by Lord Lisburn. This joins the
Lerry and on to Abercamddwr.

J. G. W.

We find we must not rest our theory of the Abbey
of Ystrad Marchell being of Savigniac origin on the
letter which we have quoted in Montgomeryshire Col-
lections, vol. V, p. 144. We have there mistaken Bel-
lalanda for Blankalanda, the former being Byland in
the county of York, whilst the last is Blanchland or
Alba Domus. Our theory, if tenable at all, must rest
on the slender ground of the Abbey of Buildwas, itself
of Savigniac origin, having been appointed the new
visitor of this house.

Previous to 1374, John de Cherleton, Lord of Powys,
the third of the name, granted a charter to this abbey,
the only record of which is the mention of it in the
charter of his son, Edward de Cherleton, of the 1st of
August, 8 Henry V,^ in the following terms : —

" We the said Edward de Charleton Lord of Powis have
also inspected the charter of the most venerable Lord John of
Charlton our father making mention that Whereas the late
abbot and convent of Stradmarcell and their predecessors from
the time of the foundation of the said house have had their
court of all their tenants and servants holden by their steward
from three weeks to three weeks or for greater time at their
will within their said lands and cognizance of the pleas under-
written (that is to say) of contracts agreements in their lands
and amongst the tenants and their own men and of debts and
detinue of chattels and also of male trespasses and striking of
hands and the like where there is no effusion of blood or break-
ing of bones and attachments as well of foreigners as tenants
and their residents committing trespasses in their several corn
meadows pastures and woods and to tax and receive amercia-
ments in that behalf so that all such amerciaments be taxed by
good and legal men of the said abbot and convent elected and

1 Mont, Coll., vol. i, p. 324.

The Seal of Sir Edward de Cherleton, Lord of
PowYS, appended to a charter dated 6th Jidy,
7 Henry V fl418^, and adopted as the Seal of
the potogs^^ILanU Club.

This remarkable Seal is not quite perfect, the edge having been splintered
away, and the figure in the place of the crest having lost its head. It
appears to have been a round seal, surrounded by an inscription, probably
'''• Sigillum Edwardi de Charleton Domini Powisie'\ of which only the "g"
in the word Sigillum, and " wi" in the word Powisie now remain. The
shield in the centre is charged with the red lion of Powis — a lion rampant,
and is probably held up by another lion rampant standing on his hind legs
behind the shield, which is clasped by his fore paws. The side supporters,
or rather ornamental figures (for it is said that supporters, in the present
heraldic sense of the word, were unknown at that period) are wild men
sitting astride of lions couchant,
Mont. Coll. Vol. yi, p. 353.

ABBEY OF YSTPwAD MARCHELL. 353

sworn for that purpose according to the consideration and na-
ture of the offences so that they should not exceed the sum of
forty shillings Saving to us and our heirs pleas of error false
judgment and of attainder if any such pleas should arise in our
court.

This is remarkable, as distinctly recognisin^s^ the exist-
ence of the manorial courts of the abbot from the foun-
dation of the house. The fact of the manor of Tiry-
mynech owing its origin to the charters of Prince Owen
Cyfeiliog and his son Wennunwen, we have previously-
adverted to.^

Sir Edward de Cherleton, Lord of Powys, by his
above mentioned charter of 1420, confirms all grants
made by his ancestors, the Lords of Powys, and spe-
cially enumerates them in the following terms : —

"All that land which is called Stretmarcell with all its bound-
aries and appurtenances from a place called Gwenburth to
Aberbelen and from Hafren to Belen namely within those
bounds and lands which are called Groec prennan and Upper
Rhedheskin and Lower Rhedheskin with their appurtenances.

"The lands also which they hold in Argengroec the grange
also of Stradolvedan with Guachtuant and Rhandur Gwian with
the lands which they hold in Trehelig and in Tythin pryd with
all their other lands and appurtenances.

"The grange also of Moydau and Runonan and with the lands
which they possess in Gaer and all other their lands and appur-
tenances.

" The grange also of Trefnant with all its appurtenances.

" The grange also of Dolwen with Sechtyn and all other its
appurtenances and the grange of Talerthig with all its appur-
tenances.

"The grange moreover of Pennant batho with Cwmbuga and
all its appurtenances the lands also which are called Scorvawr
and Blaen Karno with all their appurtenances.

*' The lands also which are called Pennantwyn Aberbrewen
Rhiwkaenesscit Deupin Dyffrin Morthir Pennant henllen Rhos-
wydawl Rhosygarreg Pennantykin with all their appurtenances.

"The lands which are called Kethygl Koedllyn Braycherhooche
Klegyrnant Perfethgefen Keffencoche Kenemair with all their
appurtenances.

" Moreover all pastures and woods which they hold in Kyfeiliog

1 Uotit. Coll., vol. iv, pp. 19, 300.
VOL. VI. A A

354 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

and Arustley and in Kaerinion and in Meghen and in Mocli-
nant.

"Also all their tenements as well in lands as in pastures and
woods with all their appurtenances and liberties as the charters
of our said ancestors in the lordship of Powys more fully make
mention and as the charter of confirmation of the most excel-
lent and illustrious King Edward specifies and confirms.

Although the names of the places are much mangled,
either by the monks or by the subsequent transcribers
of the charter, there is not much difficulty in identify-
ing most of the places with the lands granted by the
various charters which have before been set out.

Sir Edward de Cherleton then recites the charter of
his father, Sir John de Cherleton, and alleges as a rea-
son for his extending the privileges of this house, the
fact of monasteries having suffered severely during
Owen Glendower's rebellion. From this allusion, it
may be inferred, that this abbey suffered during the
rebellion. No account of the attack has come down,
but it probably took place about 1402, when in passing
with a portion of his army to Plymlumon which he
made the base of his future operations, and proceeded
to lay waste the surrounding country, Owen Glen-
dower " sacked Montgomery, burned the suburbs of
Welshpool, destroyed the Abbey of Cwmhir, and took
the Castle of Radnor".^

The importance of this portion of the charter induces
us to quote it at length.

"We the said Edward Lord of Powys considering and knowing
the havock and ruin committed by the rebels of Wales by de-
molishing and setting on fire as well of churches as monasteries
and spoiling of lands and tenements Do for the Welfare of my
soul and the souls of my parents allow ratify and confirm to the
said monks of Stredmarcell for the service of God and the Blessed
Mary there for ever in free quiet and perpetual alms All their
lands and tenements fully and entirely well and peaceably
without any demand or secular custom to be possessed in land
and in pastures and in all their boundaries appurtenances and
commodities possessions and liberties granted by the charters
their donors or vendors and all our predecessors and as the

^ Williams's Eminent Welshmen, s. n, " Owen Glendower."

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 355

charter of confirmation of tlie most illustrious King Edward to
them granted more fully and better testifies And moreover
We the said Edward of Charleton Lord of Powys in further
sustenance of the said house abbot and convent by enlarging
their liberties Do for us and our heirs by this our present
charter confirm unto them and their successors the liberties
underwritten that is to say That none of the officers of us or our
heirs of Powys shall hereafter take or cause to be attached any
of the tenants or resiants of the said abbot and convent to
answer at our suit or of our heirs of Powys or any of them in
our court unless taken for felony or a debt to the lord so that
none of the said tenants of the abbot and convent ought to be
presented at the great court of Powys upon the inquisition of
the grand jury and if they should be presented for trespasses
they ought not to be amerced there by the officers of us or of
our heirs Also if it shall happen that the tenants of the abbot
should give security in 20^. or less in any court of the abbot and
convent against twelve persons giving erroneous judgment that
then the said abbot and convent shall have the cognizance de-
termination and punishment thereof in their courts and if two
parts of the tenants or resiants of the said abbot and convent
shall claim a property in anything then that they shall have the
cognizance determination and taxation thereof according to the
legal consideration of their officers to the amount of 60^. inclu-
sive and that no officer of us or our heirs shall attach or cause
to be attached any person within the inclosure of the monastery
of the said abbot and convent unless it be for a debt due to us
or our heirs or for felony if he shall not have taken defence
We do also grant for us and our heirs that the said abbot and
convent ought not to pay toll for the buying of beasts or
victuals for their own proper use wheresoever they may buy
nor any of them who shall buy within our lordship of Powys
Requiring and commanding as far as in us lies that none of our
heirs shall for the future oppose or presume to attempt or hinder
the abbot and convent of the said house nor their successors in
or concerning the liberties aforesaid or any of them against the
tenor of this our charter In testimony whereof we have affixed
our seal to this our present charter [these being] Witnesses John
Fitzpier Supervisor of all our Lordship of Powis David Hol-
bach and Hugh Say our stewards there Matthew ap Evan our
receiver there Thomas Burton constable of our Castle of Pool
Griflith ap Evan ap Madock ap Griffith Richard Wyslaston our
clerk and many others Given at our manor of Mathrafal the
1st day of August in the 8th year of the reign of King Henry
5th/' ^

A A 2

356 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

The occupiers of land situate within the bounds of
the manor of Tirymynech, were formerly free from the
payment of tolls of Welshpool Market, which immunity,
doubtless, they enjoyed by virtue of the clause in Sir
Edward de Cherleton's charter. As we have elsewhere
observed, this charter had a remarkable and very im-
portant effect upon the legal position of the abbot and
convent in respect to many of their landed possessions.
It, in fact, constituted several of such possessions into
manors in frankalmoign — at least two such manors can
be named, namely, the manor of Tirymynech and the
manor of Talerddig. The principal portion of the manor
of Tirymynech was carved out of the comot of Ystrad
Marchell (now called the manor of Ystrad March ell or
Street Marshall), and is still a separate and distinct
manor belonging to the Earl of Powis. The boundaries
of this principal portion of Tirymynech manor were
defined by the original foundation charter granted to
the Abbey by Prince Owen Cyfeiliog, and also by the
confirmation charter of his son, Prince Wennunwen ;
but, strange to say, the manor of Tirymynech also
comprises several detached portions — one the township
of Moydog, in the parish of Castle Caereinon, and
another a small tenement situate in the township of
Trehelig, in the same parish of Castle Caereinon. But
a still more remarkable case is furnished by the manor
of Talerddig. It consists of a number of detached
tracts of land, acquired by the Abbey at different times,
by gift and purchase from various persons, but which
are situate in ten different parishes. And it is probable
it also comprised a large portion of the parish of Llanfi-
hangel yng Nghwnfa, which was the subject of the suit
of " The case of the Abbot of Strata Mercella " to which
we shall subsequently allude.

Thus the monks, by custom and by express charters,
held courts of all their own tenants who were exempted
from the jurisdiction of the secular manoriah courts, and
the lands held by this religious house by the tenure in
frankalmoign in libera eleemosyna were, though scat-
tered and detached, constituted into separate manors.

ABBEY OF YSTEAB MARCHELL. 357

In 1503 David ap Evan or Owen succeeded David ap
lorwerth as Bishop of St. Asaph. The latter had been
abbot of Valle Crucis, and the former most probably had
been an abbot of this Abbey of Ystrad Marchell, although
he has also been attributed to the Valle Crucis. Ab
Ithel, in his account of Yalle Crucis/ surrenders Valle
Crucis's claims to him, but unfortunately on an unsatis-
factory ground, viz., that Strata Marcella or Ystrad
Marchell was occasionally termed Valle Crucis. We
cannot accept his connection with this abbey on this
ground, as we have already, conclusively as we conceive,
shown that there was no reason for this abbey being
called Valle Crucis.^ Isaacson says he was Abbot of
Strata Marcella, his predecessor was undoubtedly named
David and Abbot of Y'alle Crucis, and it would have
been an extraordinary coincidence if two abbots of the
name of David of the same abbey had successively
in three years become Bishops of St. Asaph. Further
evidence that David was abbot of this abbey is afforded
by an unpublished poem by Gutto 'r Glyn, who is said
to have written between the years 1430 and 1460. It
said : —

" Cowydd i Ddafydd Abad Llun Egwestl,
Ac i Ddafydd ab Owain Abad Ystrad Marchell."

This poem being so addressed shows that there were
contemporary abbots of the two abbeys of the name of
David, and further the whole scope and allusions of the
poem lead to the same inference. We print a translation
of it' bearing upon this point and giving some contem-
porary particulars of abbot David ap Evan or Owen : —
Translation of a Poem addressed to David, Abbot of Valle
Crucis, and David ab Owen, Abbot of Ystrad Mar-
cJiell. By Gutto 'r Glyn.

Two saints have I to choose between,

I have leaves of gold from their two hands,

1 Arch. Camh., vol. i, p. 28. '^ Mont. Coll, vol. iv, p. 7.

3 By Howel W. Lloyd, Esq.

358 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

One a father [for whom] no delay has been made,

And his wise son is my abbot.
5 Two men [are they] , the praise of whose goodness

Minstrels do not celebrate in vain.

Good lords [are they] of golden, banqueting-houscs.

And here frequently do we obtain wine.

I have need but to run
]0 And make my journey between two fair landmarks.

To EgwestFs foundation of pre-eminent skill.

And to Powj^s — from the one mansion to the other.

In the world never has been better land

For provision of food than where grows the corn of the
virgin Marcella,
15 Wheat-land, haj^-land, and coppice.

Then I call upon the lord David,

In the neat abbot's house of the vale,

The privilege and the mainstay of the convent.

The author of the high looks of Mechain ;
20 As teacher to all hath he borne the bell.

His tongue, with finished eloquence.

Will make answer to [those from] nine lands.

His wise lips, and his pleasant smile

Will turn his phrases in accordance with grammar.
25 Since the Abbot Rhys hath not been seen one

Such a countenance in our island.

A scholar skilled in all the learning of the age,

Superior even to Cadoc.

The equal of Solomon in authority,
30 Or the Sibyl, over his house.

Greatly frequented is Marchell,

Whose abbot [gives light] like the moon through a grove.

His white habit to Powys

Above Severn is language and law.
35 Not Peacock or Bacon have done aught —

No suit-at-law is pressed — but he knows it.

No answer or indictment is framed

To the King, but [it comes] from his lips.

Of the Crown he is a councillor,
40 With Earl John is he also a courtier.

He is the eagle of churchmen and their banquets,

A chick sprung from the source of talents and nobility.

Dewi the bishop, choice and precious.

Is baptismal father to the wise David,
45 Who changed a bath, for three ages of the woi-ld.

With his two arms, into water of health.

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCH ELL.

359

Tlie second water^ from the hand of David,
Is a font of water to profound faith.
This is the David to subdue us ;

50 An abbot whose foot is where have been three-
Ben edict_, and the guileless Bernard,
And Beuno. Be the fourth abbot
Another— the chief of abbots —
He who is now in office.

55 May he come to bless us with his hand,
With his bell, and with his tall staff,
A bishop formally invested.
And the golden mitre on his brow.

NOTES.

L. 2. " Leaves of gold." Perhaps a book with gilt- edge leaves, or
^old-leaf in its primitive substance.

L. 3. "Delay." The meanirg is obscure.

L. 4. " Son." By a spiritual or ecclesiastical relationship.

L. 7. " Banqueting-houses." The banquets were confined to the
[guests, while the monks observed, as now, their rule of vegetarian
' diet.

L. 19. The abbot would appear from hence to have been a spe-
cial benefactor to Mechain.

L. 22. " Nine lands." An expression for an indefinite number.

L. 25. " Rhys." Is there nowhere a list of these abbots ?

L. 28. "Cadoc" (W. Cattwn, as in the poem of William Egwad to
^his abbot). S. Cadoc the Wise, for whose life, see Ga7?ihro- British
SS., and Montalembert's Monks of the West.

L. 29. " Solomon" — Welsh " Salmon." The commoner form is
" Selyf "

L. 30. "Sibyl." Known to the ecclesiastics of the Middle Ages
through her prophecy of Christ.

L. 35. " Peacock." Reginald Peacock, Bishop of S. Asaph and of
Chichester, of which See he was deprived for his heretical opinions.
Collier's Eccl. Hist.^ vol., i, pp. 674-5. See also Diet, of Eminent
Welshmen^ s. v. "Bacon," Friar Bacon.

L. 40. "Earl John." Can he be the Earl of Worcester of that
name in a.d. 1455 ? (Mo7it. Coll., vol. i, p. 342.)

L. 43. "David the Bishop" (in Welsh Dewi), the patron saint of
Wales, and also of these abbots respectively, who took their names
from him. The change of water probably refers to some medicinal
spring recorded by popular tradition to have been blessed by the
saint. The second water is perhaps to be understood of that of the
baptismal font (the word in the original is the Latin " fons") con-
secrated by the abbot.

L. 57. The poem concludes with a prayer that the abbot may be-
come a bishop.

360 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

We think it may be safely assumed that David ap
Evan or Owen was abbot of this house, and was pro-
moted to the see of St. Asaph in 1503. ^ We learn
some particulars of him from Browne WiUis's Survey of
St. Asaph;^ where he says : —

" There is but one old monument in the cathedral, viz.,
that of a bishop lying in his robes betwixt the throne and the
altar, who (as we read in the first volume of Athen. Ox., p.
555) is said by tradition to be David ap Owen who built the
bridge called Pont David, and who died about 1512.^'

Browne Willis subsequently adds, —

"Memorandum. David ap Owen, aforesaid, is called David ap
Evan in a fair parchment roll of Henry the VIIPs time, whereon
all the peers are painted in their robes they wore in parlia-
ment. This roll was drawn in the said David's time, and is
now in the closet of Sir John Crew of Utkinton in Cheshire.
* * This is a part of a letter from Sir John Crew of
Utkinton in Cheshire, who has in his closet a fair roll of vel-
lum on which the members of the House of Lords are painted
in the order they went to parliament, and in their proper robes,
having their titles and coats of arms placed by each of them.
I find there depicted David ap Evan, Bishop of St. Asaph. ^^^

In 28 Henry YI (1449-50) the king confirmed the
Inspeximus Charter of 15 Edward II (March 12th,
1322), which has been previously printed.^

1 Edward's edition, vol. ii, p. 9.

2 Acopyofthe"Testamentum David (Owen) Episcopi Assavensis
nuncupativum ut mihi videtur" is given by Browne Willis, from which
the following is an extract :■ — " In Dei Nomine, Amen, xi die mensis
Februarii A.D. mdxii. E-everendus in Christo pater Dominus David,
Assavensis Episeopus, dum vixit fecit et condidit testamentum suum
in se continens ultimam voluntatem nt sequitur. Imprimis animam
suam omnipotenti Deoet Beafcse Mariae Yirgini, atque omnibus Sanctis
commendavit, corpusque suum in Ecclesia sua Cathedrali Assa-
vens. ex parte australi ejusdem Ecclesise juxta summum altare sepe-
liri voluit. Yoluit etiam quod unus Capellanus discretus per execu-
tores suos infra scriptos eligeretur, ad orandum pro salute animiB
SU89 in predicta Ecclesia Cathedrali per tres annos, aut plures vel
minores, ad arbitrium, voluntatem sive discretioncm executorum
suorum hujusmodi celebraret, quern sufficienter per eos quanidiu
celebraverit exhiberi voluit."

s Mont. Coll., vol. i, p. 328.

l^m. CmJUL.V/. hf4ce.Jt,a^iS6/>

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 361

In his History of Meifod} the Eev. Walter Davies,
when adducing evidence of the southern feeder of the
E-iver Vyrnwy being called by that name, quotes a
lease of a tenement called Tyddyn y Voel, in the parish
of Llanbrynmair, by John, abbot of Ystrad Marchell,
to John ab Howel Vychan, of Llwydiarth, Esq., dated
[August 30th, 1530, nine years before the dissolution of
the monastery. The specification of the boundaries runs
thus ; " A rivulet called Nant y Gwythil on the east ;
: another called Nant-hurdd on the west ; a rivulet called
i Yyrnwy on the north ; and another called Yaen on the
south part," and this lease is one of the few evidences
of there having been an abbot of the name of John.

In *' The case of the abbot of Strata Mercella"
(5 Coke's Reports 40, Michaelmas, 33 and 34 Elizabeth,
1591) John, the last abbot of the house and probably
the same as the grantor of the lease of 1530, is men-
tioned as having been seised of certain franchises or
manorial rights up to the dissolution of the abbey on
the 4th day of February, 27 Henry VIII, in right
of the manor of Talerthig. The particulars of this
case have been given in Montgomeryshire Collections,
vol. ii, p. 115.

An important point of law was decided by it. It
was laid down that when the King grants any franchises
which are in his own hands, as parcel of the flowers of
the Crown, within certain possessions, then if they
come again to the King, they become merged in the
Crown, and the King has them again juo^e coronce, and
if they were before appendant the appendancy is extinct
(Cruise's Digest, iii, p. 307).

The following extracts relating to the abbey of
Ystrad Marchell are taken from the Book of Corrodies,^
or " Queen Mary's Book," containing an account of all

^ Cnmhrian Quarterly, vol. i, p. 328.

^ The following are also given in the same book : —

Lanligan, nuj^er^ Mon\
Annuit' David ap U'n ap John ----- i^. vlijtZ.

362 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

the pensions, fees, and annuities which were liable, at
the date of that Queen's accession, to be paid by the
Crown to persons who had been inmates of religions
houses at the time of their dissolution by Henry YIII.

Gomitaf Mongomery in Northiuall. 8 tr at am' cell.

Nuper Priorat'

p -J { Arthelandi Corwen per ann' - xxvjs. vlijcZ.

°^^ * ( Joh^s Edwardes „ „ - xiijs. myl.

Penc'd. Job's Price - . - - vj7i. xiijs. iiijcZ.

From the foregoing it can be concluded that in 1553
John Price was the last abbot of this monastery, and
had a pension of £6 13s. 4d., which with corrodies
was the sum this house remained charged with.

By the Statute, 27 Henry VIII, all monasteries
under the yearly value of £200 were given to the King
in as large and ample a manner as the abbots had or
ought to have had them. The landed possessions of
this abbey, although of great extent, were not of corre-
sponding value, probably from the practice adopted by
this abbey of letting their land on lease at low rents.

Cantar^ le Penc\

Thome Slienton nup' cclebran' ia s'uicio de la rode &

Saint Son day in Newton ----- liijs. iujd.

David Johnes nup' incumben' fraternitatis in villa de

Welsh pole per annum Is.

Will' mi Elkes nup' incumben' fraternitatis sive s'uic'

b'te Marie in VilF Mountgomerye - - - iujli.

Hugonis Wood alterius nup' incumben' ib'm p' ann' - iujU.

Rici Smytbe alterius nup' celebran' ib'm per ann' - Ixvjs. viijVZ.

Roberti ap Rith nup' celebran' in s'uic' sc'e Crucis in

Llandisshill per ann' ------ xxs.

John ap Thomas nup' stipend' de Churchstoke per ann' x\s.

Hugonis ap David nup' stipend' in Mayllorde - - xv5.

Rici ap Morice nup' stipendar' in Machenllettes (Ma-
chynlleth) voc' our ladies prest in com' p'd'co
per an'm -------- xh.

Joh'es aphinald nup' stipend' in Charnoo (Carno) per

an'm - xxs.

Sm'a Om' Solucionum predictorum d'co comitalu

Mongomery per an'm ----- xxxiiij7/ ixs.

^pheir possessions were under £200 per annum, and the

Hnonastery was dissolved by the above statute and all

^Khe property became vested in the Crown, and remained

^Bo for some years, and until it was from time to time

li granted to various persons. In the appendix to this

paper we shall print the Minister's Accounts from the

I 27th Henry YIII, to 5 and 6 Phil, and Mary, which

give a variety of particulars respecting the tenants'

i names, dates of leases, acreage, and rents of the land.

We shall proceed to give the particulars of the

various grants as they were made by the Crown.

1545-6. The first grant was made by letters patent
37 Henry YIIT, to Sir Arthur D'Arcy, Knight, of the
Manor of Talerthig, and of land in the parish of
Worthyn, in the county of Montgomery (with other
hereditaments not belonging to this abbey), by the
following description : —

" Ac eciam totum illud Man^iu^ n^r'm de Tallertheg cum suis
juriV membris ^t p't'in univ'cis in parochiis de Llandryn-
raayre Carno llannydelos Llanwynoge Treveglos Llanehangell
Gwynva Llangadvan Llanorvyll Garthpibio Kemes Barowen
Penegos 't Mahantleth in com' n'ro Montgomery nup' mo-
nast'io de Strata Micella in d'co Com' n'ro Mongom'y aucto-
ritate parliament! supp'ss 't dissolut' dudum spectan 't p'tinen'
ac parcella possessionu' revencionu' seu p'ficuor' inde dudura
existen' ac modo vel nup' in tenura dimissione sive occupac'oe
Joh'is ap Howell Yaughan vel assign' suor' Acetiam totum
illud mesuag' 't ten'tum n'r'um cum suis p'tin' scituat' jacen'
't existen' in parocliia de [ ] in d'co com' n'co Mongom'3'e

raodo vel nup' in tenura dimissione sive occupac'oe d'ci Joh'is
ap' Howell Yaughan vel assign' suor 't d'co nup' monast'io de
Strata M'cella p'tinen' sive spectan' ac parcella possessionu'
revencionu' sive p'ficuor inde dudum existen' Aceciam om'es
illas parcellas t're n'ras jacen' 't existen' infra parochiam de
Worthym in d'co com' n'ro Montgom'ye modo vel nup' in
tenura dimissione sive occupac'oe Reginaldi ap' Will'am 't
d'co nup' monast'io de Stratam'cella dudum p'tinen' sive spec-
tan' ac parcella possessionu' revencionu' seu p'ficuor' inde
dudum existen' "

The next grant was by letters patent 7 Elizabeth
(15G4-5) of " lands in Teremenyth, and also the profits of

364 ABBEY OF YSTBvAD MARCHELL.

woods of Coyd Menytli and GoUegoUe," tlie particulars
of which are set out in Minister s Accounts infra.
At the foot of the particular we have : —

" M'd The premisses be no parte of any mannor or lordshipp
neither do adioyne to any the Quenes Ma'ties houses fforestes
chaces or parke The woodes to be sVaied and certified by the
Quenes Ma'tie generall sVeyor of woodes The said landes
and tenementes ben all the landes and teneraentes that re-
niaynes in the Quenes Ma'ties handes unpurchased within the
towne and feildes of Tereminith aforesaid parcel of the said
possessions It'm what number of acres the premisses conteineth
I knowe not neythur what rayne or mynes of cole playster slat
or mettall ben in or uppon the same xxj° die Octob'r 1564
Ex' p' me Rob'tum Multon audit."

The yearly value being £25 4s. 4d., the purchase
money was rated at £766 10s. Od.

In 8 Elizabeth (1565-6) another grant was made
by letters^ patent of " the lands and tenements in
Trahelig Stradelvedon and Madok Trevaunt and of the
Grange of Penllyn", the particulars of which are given
in the Minister's Account, infra.

At the foot of the particular we have : —

" M'd The p'misses ben all the revenewes of the saide mo-
nastery now remayning in the Quenes Ma'ties possession (ex-
cept twoo p'sonages of the yerely valew of xiij Zi.) And be no
p't of any manner or lordshipp nor do aioyne to any the
Quenes Ma'ties fforests chasies or p'kes And Mr. Alderman
Heyward this sewter purchased the residue of the temp'alties
amounting to the yerely rent of xxvZ^. iiijs. iiijtZ. in Novembre
last The woods to be s'rveid by the Quenes gen'rall surveyor
of her woods It'm I knowe not the goodnes of the soile nei-
ther the nombre of acres nor any other thing meete to be con-
sidered in the sale thereof x*^ July 1565 Ex' p' Rob'tum
Multon deput' audit."

The grant also included the scite, " le church crofte",
water mill, park and ''greate mede" as in the Minister's
Accounts, mentioned and made to Howland Heyward,
Alderman of London, and Thomas Dyxson, Cloth worker
of the same, of the premises. It recites that Edward

1 Patent Roll, 8 Eliz., p. 0, m. 14.

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 365

I by patent, Jan. 23, 6 Edward YI, had leased to
Robert Trentham the scite of the monastery of Strata
larcella [formerly demised to Edward Grey Lord
*owes], also the grange of Penllyn and certain lands and
[tenements in Trahelig, Stradelvedon, and Madok Tre-
^aunt, for twenty-one years from the expiration of Lord
"*owes lease, and then grants the reversion and rever-
sions of the said scite, etc., grange of Penllyn, and lands
md tenements in Trahelig, etc. etc., to Eowland Hey-
ward. Alderman of London, and Thomas Dyxson cloth-
worker of the same, together with many other posses-
sions.

We have been unable to discover any impression
or particulars of the seal of this Abbey.

Dr. Rawlinson had in his possession a round seal on
the verge of which was inscribed " S[igillum] conv. de
Poole", and in the centre a lion coward. It is engraved
in his English Topographer, London, 1720, 8vo, p. 43.
This seal was attributed by Tanner in his Notitia Mo-
nastica, p. 716, to the Priory of St. George at Pool.
But Mr. Gough in his British Topographer, vol. i, p.
322, unaccountably states that " Mr. Hutchins refers
it to Pool, Montgomeryshire", whereas upon referring
to Hutchins' Dorsetshire, vol. i, p. 7, we find he does
not mention ** Pool Montgomeryshire", but states that,
there being no religious house in Pool in Dorsetshire,
the seal seemed rather to have " belonged to S. Pool,
Co. Devon, where there was a small priory." We come
to the conclusion that to whatever house it belonged,
there seems no ground for attributing the seal to this
Abbey.

We regret having to close our imperfect account of
this Abbey without having had the opportunity afforded
us of printing several other charters relating to it which
are extant, and which would probably have thrown more
light upon its history.

366

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MAECHELL.

List of Abbots and Priors so far
Abbots. Pbiors. Date.

Ithel 1176

Enoch
Griffith

Griffith

i>hilip

Philip

^ Sig[erius] "^
} [Aaron Cellarius] V

C Julian Archdeacon )

r Master Heilyn & S
\ Julian the Arch- V
(_ deacon }

1183

1185

1190
1198

1199

1201
1204

G[ ]

James

H[
David ap Owen

John "^

or Evan )
John Price

John

1286

1503

1530

] 1206

] No date

121U-15

1227
1276-7

as can oe made oat.
Authority.

' Charter of Mareduth ap
Howel, Mont Coll., iv, 21
Giraldus Cambrensis, cited
i in ib. iv, 22
Charter of Elisse ap Madoc,

ib. iv, 24
Charter of Wennunwen, ib.

iv, 27
Ditto, ih. iv, 28
Charter of Elisse ap Madoc,
ib. iv, 31

Charter of Wennunwen, ib.
iv, 34

Ditto, ib. iv, 299

Meuric Sais and his brother,

ib. iv, 304
Madoc ap Griffith, ib. iv, 305
Llewelyn, ib. iv, 307
Eeyner, Bp. of St. Asaph to

Oswestry Hospital, ib. iv,

315
Award, ib. iv, 220
Grant from Griffin ap Wen-
nunwen, ib. V, 125
Deed of ditto, ib.
Coke's Eeports, cited in M. C,

ii, 115
Willis's St. Asaph, M. C, vi,

357
Lit. Pat. 38 Henry VIII, M.

C, V, 125 ; vi, 362
Lease to John ap Howell Vy-

chan, ib. vi, 73

APPENDIX.

ministers' accounts op the abbey of strata marcella.

27 Henky VIII TO 5 & 6 Philip and Mary.

27-32 Henry VIII, No. 209.

Nap' monast' de Straf Marcella infra Ep'at' Assapheii* Sf infra
Domin'm de Fowy stand.

Comp's D^ni Powys milit^ omi' et sing'lor' d'nior' manerior
terr' & ten^t' ac al' possession' quar^cumq' tam temporal
q'am spir'a'l p'd nup' monater' p'tin' sive spectan' q' ad man
dn'i regis nunc devener' & in man s' exist^ & annex' coron
s' hered' sive successor' suis regum Anglie in augmen' revenc

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 367

ejusdm' coron' Anglie virtute cuiusdara act' in p'liament' s'
tent' ap'd Westm' sup' p'rogat' iiij'to die Februar' anno regni
^Henr' viij Dei gra' Anglie & Franc' Regis fidei defensor'

I'ni Hib'nie & in t'r' sup'mi capit' Eccli'e Anglican' xxvij'o.

[nde edit' & pVis' p'ut in eod'm act' int' alia cont'. Viz. A
Festo Sc'i Mich'is Archi' anno regni ipiu' Dn'i Regis xxvij'mo

isq' idm' festum sc'i Mich'is Archi' extunc p'x' sequen' anno

•egni p'd' Dni' Regis xxxij'do. Scil't p' quinq' annos in-
tegros.
Arri'
Nuir q' prim' compu's ipiu' nu'c computant' ad usum D'ni

legis. S'ma null'.

Scitus nu'p Monaster' jp^d^ cu* Vr'* B'nic.

S' r' compm' de xxxj'li v's de redd' t'r' d'ni ib'm in man'
)d' d'ni Powys existen' ad vj'li' v s p' annu' & sic aretro ex-
ist' p' p'd quinq' annis finit' ad fest' p'd' q' attingun' in toto
^nt sup'a. S'ma xxxj'li v's.

Redd' viir de Tralielig Stradelvveda & Moydocke Trevn'ant
infra dm'n' de Powys lande & infra ep'ats pd'.

R' de xlv'li xvij's vj'd de redd' div's t'r' & ten' dimiss' diu's
tenent' ibm' p' indentur' ad ix'li iij's vj'd p' annu' aretro ex-
isten p' tempus p'd' & sic in toto ut sup'a.

S'ma xlv'li xvij's vj'd.

Redd' viir de Tyrymynnyth. infra d'm' & ep'at' p'd'.

R' de cliiij'li' xx'd de redd' diu's' t'r' & tenent' ibm' existen'
fc'm p' indentur' q'am ad volunt' d'ni ad xxx'li xvj's iiij'd p'
annu' q' attingunt in toto ut appar' sup'a.

S'ma cliiij'li xx'd.

Grang^ de Talei^thig.

R' de xx'li p'ven' de diu's' t'r' p'tin' diet' Grang' m'o in
man' Jo'his ap Powell Vaugh'an existen' & r' p' annu' iiij'li &
sic aretro p' temp' p'd ut apparet sup'a. S'ma xx'li.

Grang' de PelXyn.

R' de xvj'li xiij's iiij'd crescen' de diu's' t'r' diet Grang'
spectant' sive p'tin' modo in man' Kydwelly ap Ro'bt existen'
& r' p' annu' Ixvj's viij'd & sic in toto ut sup'a.

S'ma xvj'li xiij's iiij'd.

Firm' Hector de Bario.

R' de xlv'li de redd' decimar' ib'm pVen' de rector' p'd
dimiss' Nicho Purser p' indentur' & r' p' annu' ix'li & sic
aretro p' tempus p'd' ut appar' sup'a. S'ma xlv'li.

368 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCIIELL.

Firm' Hector* de Bettus.

W de xx'li de redd' decimar' ib'm p'venien* de Rector' p'd*
modo in man' Thorn' ap lu'an Lloyd existen' & r' p' aniiu'
iiij'li & sic si'iimodo aretro existen' p' diet' tem'p ut siip'a.

S'ma xxli.
Exit' silve voc' Koid y Menyth.

W de xxxiij's iiij'd p'ven' sive crescen' tarn de pannag' por-
cor' ib'm q'am de melle modo in man' D'd ap Ju'an existen'
ad volant' D'ni & r' p' annu' vj's viij'd & sic aretro p' diet'
tempus ut sup'a. S'ma xxxiij's iiij'd.

Ex'W silve voc' Gollegole.

W de I's p'ven' sive crescen' de pannag' porcor' ib'm modo
in man' p'd' D'd ap Jeuan & r' p' annu' x's & sic in toto ut
sup'a. S'ma I's.

Argent* adaurat'.

R' de x's de p'cio j cruc' Wgne co'optur' cum argent' adaurat'
& p' comission' D'ni Regis sic app'ciat' & vend'. S'ma x's.

Fquis* Gar'*,

R' de xvj'li xiij's iiij'd p'ven' sive crescen' de p'lit & p'quis'
cur' ib'm p' sen'lm tent' infra d'c'm temp' ad Ixvj's viij'd p'
an'. S'ma xvj'li xiij's iiij'd.

S'ma on'is cccliiij'li iiij's ij'd.
De quibus.

Feod' et vad\

Idem comput' in food' Job'is ap Jeuan ap Hoell Vyciran
collect' redd' in villa de Trahelig p'cipient' x s p' an' causa
officii sui ex'cend' videl't in Allon'e hmoi' feed' p' iiij'or annis
finit' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i anno regni Regis Henri'
viij'^^ xxxj"^o xl's. Et in feed' D'd ap Gri' ba'lli de Tere
Menyth p'cipient' xx's p' an' sic sibi concess' p' ex'cio officii
s' p'd' videl't in Allone h'moi' feed' p' p'd' iiij'or annis finit' ad
fest' p'dc'm Sc'i Mich'is iiij'li. Et in feed' D'ni Powys p'cipi-
ent' xiij'li vj's viij'd p' an' sic p'd' D'no Powys concess' p'
sigillu' convent' d'ci nup' Mon' vide'lt in Allon'e hmoi' feed'
p'ut alloc' est p' magrm' cancellar' et consilliu' cur' augmen'
reyenc' coron' dn'i Regis tam p' hoc anno xxxij'do q'am p'
iiij'or annis p'ceden' quol't anno xiij'li vj's viij'd que attingu't
in toto ad Ixvj'li xiij's iiij'd. S'ma Ixxij'H xiij's iiij'd.

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 369

I'ma alloc* p'd' Ixxij'Ii xiij's iiij'd'. Et deb't' cciiij''^^j'li x's

x'd. unde.

jSup;.

f Diu^os tenent' in villa de Trahelig p' t'nts den'iis p' ip'os

p^no Eegi debit^ ad fest' S^ci Micb^is archi hoc an'o xxxijMo p'

redd' et firm' in villa de Trahelig p'd' & adhuc insolut' videPt

fde Arr' eor' aretro existen'. ix'li iijs vj'd'.

Diu'sos tenent' in villa de Tyre Menyth p' tn't' den' p' ip'os
d'no Regi debit' ad eund'm fest' S'ci Mich'is archi' in an'o
sup'd p' redd' et firm' in Tere Menythe p'd' & adhuc insolut'
videl't de Arr' eor' aretro existen' p' d'co an'o,

xxx'li xvj's iiij'd.

Johem' ap Howell Vychan firm' grang' de Talertheg su'pius
on' ad iiij'li p' an' videl't de Arr' suis aretro existen' p' hoc
an'o xxxij'do. iiij'li.

Kidwellidar ap E-ob't firm' Grang' de Penllyn sup'ius on'
ad Ixvj's viij'd p' an' vz de Arr' suis aretro existen' p' d'co an'o
xxxij'do. Ixvj's viij'd.

Nichm' Pursell firm' rector' de Berio sup'ius on' ad ix'li p'
an' videl't de Arr' suis aretro existen' tam p' hoc an'o xxxij'do
q'am p' iiij'or an' p'ceden'. xlv'li.

Thoma' ap Jeuan Lloid firm' reef de Bettus sup'ius on' ad
iiij'li p' an' videl't de Arr' suis aretro existen' p' hoc an'o
xxxij'do. iiij^li.

D'd ap Jeuan firm' ij silvaru' voc' Gollygolle et Gode Men-
yth sup'ius on' ad xvj's viij'd p' an' videFt de arr' s' aretro
existen' tam p' hoc an'o xxxij'do q'am p' iiij'or annis p'x'
p'ceden'. iiij'li iij's iiij'd.

Ip'm comput'ant de p' priis Arr' suis aretro existen' cu' vj'li
v's p' red'i t'r' domi' cal' hoc anno xxxij'do. ciiij'^^ j'li xij'd.

Minister's Account, 82-33 Henry YIII, No. 164.^

JVwj)' mon' de Strata Micella infa E'pat Assaj)'* ^ in BomHo de

Powys.

Comp'us Nich'i Pursell collector' o'im' et singl'or' dn'ior'
man'ior' terr' & ten'toru' ac aliaru' possession' quaru'cu'q^

^ Redditu terrarum.

2 Tiiis has been collated with the following Minister's Accounts,
viz., 33-34 Hen. YHT, No. 133, referred to as B ; (34-5, 35-6, 36-7,
37-8, Hen. VIH, not found,) 38 Hen. VHI to 1 Edw. VI, referred
to as c ; 2 Edw. VI, No. 83; referred to as d ; 3 and 4 Edw. VI,
No. 152, referred to as E; 4 and 5 Edw. VI, No. 164, referred to

VOL. VI. B B

370 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

tarn temporal q'am spir'a? p'dc'o nup' Mon' p'tin' sive spec-
tan' que ad man' D'ni Regis nu'c devener' & in man' suis exist'
& annex' coron' s' hered' sive successor' s^ regu^ Angl' in
augmen' revenc' ejusd'm coron' Angl' virtut' cuiusdam act' in
p'liament' suo tent' ap'd Westm' sup' progaco^em' iiij'to die
Febr' anno Regni Henr' viij dei gra' Anglie & Fraunc^ r' fidei
defensor' D'ni Hib'nie & in t'r' sup'mi capit' Anglican' Eccl'ie'
xxvij'o inde edit & p'vis' p'ut in eod'm actu int' alia continet'.
Videl't a festo S'ci Mich'is arch'i. Anno Regni ip'ius D'ni
Regis xxxij'do usq' ad id'm festu' S'ci Mich'is archi' ext'nc
p'x' sequen'. Anno Regni p'dci D'ni Regis xxxiij'o Scil't p'
unu' annu^ integru'.^

Arr'ag.

Id'm r' de cciiij'^'^j'li x's x'd de arrag'iis ultimi compi'.
Anni p'x' p'ceden' p'ut patet in pede ibm'.

S'ma cciiij'-^'^j'li x's x'd.
Scit' nu]p' Mori' p'c?' cu* fr^ clo'icaW

R' de vs' de re' scit' nup' mon' p'd' & edefic' ejusd'm cu' j
gardino & uno pom'io in ma'ibus p'd' d'ni Powys ad volunfc'
sol' ad fest' Ann'nc' b'e Marie Virgi's & S'ci Mich'is archi' p'
equal' porco'es.

R' de x's de re' uni's clans' iuxta dc'm' scit' voc' le Churcho
Crofte cont' p' estimac' xij acr' in ma'ibus d'ci d'ni Powys ad
volunt' d'ni sol' ad t' p'd'. R' de xxs' de reddu' un'i mol'i
aquatic' in man' p'd' comput^ant' ad volunt' d'ni sol' ad t'
p' d'. R' de xxx's de re' uni's p'ci cont' p' estimac' xxvj acr
in ma'ibus p'd' d'ni Powys ad volunt' d'ni sol' ad t' p'd\ R'
del x's de r'e j prat' voc' the greate mede cont' p' estimac'
xxxiiij'or acr' in man' p'd' computant' ad volunt' d'ni sol' ad
t' p'd'cos.2 S'ma vj'li v's.

as F ; 5 and 6 Edw. VI, No. 177, referred to as G ; 6 Edw. VI, No.
62, referred to as H ; 1 Mary, No. 200, referred to as i ; 1 and 2
Philip and Mary, No. 213, referred to as K ; 2 and 3 Philip and
Mary, No. 225, referred to as l ; 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, not
found ; 4 and 6 Philip and Mary, No. 249, referred to as n ; 5 and
6 Philip and Mary, No. 262, referred to as 0.

^ Adam Yonge, bailiff, c, n, e ; Thomas Anneslowe, bailiff, f, g ;
Thomas Anneslowe, deputy of Adam Yonge, h ; David ap Jen'an
Gyttyn, bailiif, i ; Robert Trentham, bailiff, K, L ; Andrew Corbet
and Robert Trentham, collectors, m ; Robert Trentham, farmer, N.

2 Scite leased to Edward Gray, Lord Powys, by indenture 17th
Sept. 37 Henry VIII, for twenty-one years, rent £6 55. ; c, D, e, f,
G, H, T, K, L, M, N. Granted to Hey ward, 8th Eliz. See extract, supra.

ABBEY OP YSTRAD MARCHELL. 37l

Viir de Trahelig Stradeheclon 8j^ MadoJc Trev'ant infa domin*
de Fowys Sf m ep'af ]j'*d'}

R' de viij's iiij'd' de re' uni' mo'li cu' uno prato voc'
Gwerlloid y Velyn ac j p'cell' t'r' voc' Pull' Coche in man'
Griffith ap D'd Lloid p' indentur' sigillo convent' sigillat' dat'
X die mensis April' anno Regni Regis Henr' viij xx'*^ h'end'
& tenend' d'c'm' molin' cu* cursu aque & omnibus aliis eisa-
ment' & nec'acijs una cu' prat' & p'celF sup'd p' fat' Griffino &
assign' s' a die confeccioii' pr'd'cin' usq' ad finem t'mini iiij'''^
xix an' t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde
an' sup'a sol' ad fest' Sci' Mich'is archi' tm' cu' sect cur'.
R' de xiij's iiij'd de re' j ten'ti' cu' p'tin' nup' in ten' Rob'ti
ap Ris n'nc in man' Joh'is ap Jenn' ap Hoell'^ Vaughan p'
indent' sub sigillo convent' d'ci' nup' Mon' dat' xx'o die
Febr' Anno D'ni' mdxxvij'o hend' sibi & assign' s' a die con-
feccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini' iiij'^^ xix An' t'nc p'x'
sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup*
sol' ad t' ibm' usual' & ij's noi'e h'iect'^ cu' accider' R' de
viij's iiij'd de re' j tent'i nup' in ten' Jeuan Bage* ap Jeuan
Madok' modo in man' Jeuan ap Hoell Yyclian & Margaret
v'3 Hoell Vychan p' indent' sigillo convent' sigillat' dat'
xii'o die Septembr' Anno D'ni mdxxij'do hend' sibi &
assign' s' ac Margaret' v'3 Hoell Yychan A die confeccion'
pn'cin' usq^; ad finem t'mini & p' t'mino vite d'cor' Jeuan ap
Hoell and Margaret' v^z Hoell ac eor' hered' mascul' de corp'e
suo legittie' p'creat' Reddend' inde an' ut sup' sol' ad fest'
annu'c' b't Marie Yirgi's & S'cti Mich'is Archi' p' equal' por-
co'es. Et p' d' Jeuan & Margaret' rep'abunt p'd' tentu' cu'
p'tin' sumptibus suis p^prijs & expenc' durant' vita eor'. R'
de xxij's de re' j ten'ti voc^ Tere Marche cu' cert' p'cell' t'r'
voc' Plas y Cowrte Gwerloid Wanre Porb' Cowrte & dimi-
diet' j part' voc^ y Gwirloid Vache sic di' Regnal d' ap Dd' ap
Jeuan Gwyn p' indent' sigillo convent' sigillat' dat' xx'o die
April' anno regni regis Henr' viij xx'mo. Hend' sibi &
assign' suis a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini
iiij'^^ xix An' tnc' p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Red-
dend' inde ut sup' sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm' cu'
sect' cur' bis in anno. R' de x's de re' j p'cell' t'r' voc'
Hyrdrid cu' om'ibus p'cell' t'r' jac' in vill' de TraheHge &

^ This entry abridged in c to a few words, no names or particulars
being given. Also in d, e,f, G, h, i, k, l, m, n, granted to Hayward,
8th Eliz. See extract. ^ Ap Powell, particulars for grant.

2 Heriecti. * Vag, particulars for grant.

BB 2

372 ABBEY OF YSTPwAD MARCHELL,

Tyven' pride que nup^ fiiernt' in ten' Davyd Goge ap Mathewe

n'nc in man' DM ap Jon' Peres p' indent' sub sigillo convent'

d'ci nup' Mon' dat' x'o die Julii anno D'ni mdxxvij'o Hend'

sibi & assign' suis a festo Sc'i MicM's Arch'i ultimo p'terit'

usq' ad finem t'mini iiij'^^ xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen' &

plenar' complend' Eeddend' inde an' ut sup' sol' ad fest'

annuc' be' Marie Yirgi's & Sc'i Miclli^s Arch'i equalr'. R' de

viij's viij'd de re' ni' ten'ti voc' Tyr yr Oden nup' in ten'

D'd ap Jenken Anivi nu'c in ten' Joh'is ap Mathewe Widd' p'

indent' sigillo convent' sigillat' dat' xxvj die April' anno regni

R' Henr' viij' xx'o. Hend' sibi' & assign' s' a die confeccion'

pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij''''' xix An' t'nc p'x' sequen'

& plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad

fest' Sc'i Micli'is Arch'i tm' in una soluc' & sect' cur'. R' de

■vj's viij'd de re' p'cell' t'r' voc' y Meissidd^ Gwenyon^ &

Gwyr y Tailor in ten' Jeuan ap Bedo Blayne p' indent' sigillo

convent' sigillat' dat' xij'o die April' an'o regni R' Henr' viij

xx'o. Hend' sibi & assign' s' a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad

t'min' iiij''^'^ xix An' t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend'

Reddend' inde an' ut sup' sol' ad fest ann'nc be' Marie

Virgi's & Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i equalr' cu' sect' cur'. R' de vj's

viij'd de re' j tenti cu' quad'um domo voc' Lluest in man'

D'd ap Gethyn ap D'd^ p' indent' sigillo convent' sigillat' dat'

xxviijo' die April' anno regni Regis Henr' viij xx'o hend' sibi

& assign' s' a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad t'min' Ixij'^^ xix.

An' t'nc p'x' sequend' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde

an' ut sup' sol' ad fest' Sc'i Michi's Arch'i t'm in una

solucoe'. R' de viij's iiij'd de re' j tent' nup' in ten' D'd

Gitten Gough modo in man' Meredith' ap D'd ap Jeuan

Goze p' indent' sigillo convent' dat' xxviij die April' anno

regni Regis Henr' viij xx'o Hend' sibi & assign' s' a die

confeccion' p'n'cin' usq' ad finem t'mini iiij'^'^ xix An' t'nc

p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut

sup' sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm'. R' de vj's viij'd

re' uni' tent'i voc' y Davanre Dywerche quod nup' fait in ten'

D'd Jeuan Daxkyn* modo in man' Jeuan ap Daxkyn Ben-

greth^ p' indent' sub sigillo convent' d'ci nup' mon' cui dat'

est ij'do die Novembr' anno D'ni mdxxj'o hend' sibi &

hered' s' mascul' de corp'e suo p'creat' a die confeccion' p'n'

^ Imeisfelde, particulars for grant.

2 Y Meissed Gwenyon, b.

^ David Gwynne ap David, particulars for grant.

* Nup' in tenur' Jen'un Daxen, b.

^ Veugrith, particulars for grant.

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 373

c'n^ usq' ad fine' iiij'^'' xix an' tu'c p'x' sequen' and plenar' com-
plend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' ann'nc be'
Marie Virgi's & Sc'i Micli'is Arch'i equalr'. R' de v's de re'
di' tenti' cu' dimidietat' t'r' voc Tyden^ ynant nup' in ten'
Jeuan ap D'd Dewe n'nc in man' Rob'ti ap Jeuan ap Bedo p'
indent' sub sigillo convent' d'ci nup' mon' dat' xxvij'o die
Septembr' anno D'ni mdxxxiij'o Lend' sibi & assign' suis a
die confeccion' p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'^^ xix An'
t'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde ut sup'a
sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm. R' de v's de re' di'
tenti nup' in ten' Hoell ap Jeuan ap D'd Thewe n'nc in
ma'ibus Hoell ap Jeuan ap l)'d Thewe p' indent' sigillo con-
vent' sigillat' dat' vij die Octobr' anno regni Regis Henr' viij
xx'o hend' sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion' p'n' cin' usq'
ad fine' t'mini iiij'^^ xix An' t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar'
complend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i
Mich'is Arch'i t'm. R' de v's iiij'd de re' j tenti' voc'
Tydden y Purse jac' in villa de Gare in man' Gitten' Goze ap
D'd p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' xx'o die Septembr'
anno regni Regis Henr' viij xxj'o hend' sibi & assign' s' a die
confeccion' p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'^* xix An' t'nc'
p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut
sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm' in una sol'ne'. R' de
vj's viij'd de re' diu's' p'cell' t're que nup' fuerunt in ten' D'd
Lloid' Widd' nu'c in man' Jeuan Lloid' ap Jeuan p' indent'
sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' xxviij'o die Januar' anno regni
Regis Henr' viij xix'mo hend' sibi & assign' suis a fest' Sc'i
Mich'is Arch'i ultimo p'terit' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'^* xix
An' t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde
an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm'. R' de v's
iiij'd de re' uni' ten'ti cu' p'tin' in man' Hoell ap Jeuan
Lloid^ p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' xxiiij'to die
Januar' an'o D'ni mdxxvij'o hend' sibi & assign' s' a die
confeccion' p'n' c'n' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'^"" xix An' t'nc
p'x' sequen' et plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut
sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm' in una sol'ne. R'
de v's de re' j tenti' cu' p'tin' in man' Leodevici ap Griffith
Morice p' indent' sigillo convent' sigillat' q'm quidem non
ostend' sol' ad fest' annuo' be' Marie Yirgi's & Sc'i Mich'is
Arch'i p' equal' porcoe's. R' de vj's viij'd de re' j tenti cu'
p'tin' nup' in ten' Joh'is Prote ap Hugh n'uc in ten' D'd ap
Jeuan ap D'd p' indent' sub sigill' convent' d'ci' nup' mon'

^ Tyden y Naunte, particulars for grant.

2 Howell Lloid ap Jeuan, particulars for grant.

374 ABBEY OF YSTEAD MAECHELL.

dat' xiiij^to die Febr' anno D'n' mdxxxv'to hend' sibi &
assign' s' a die confeccion p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij''''^
xix An' tu'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend'
inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i MicTi'is Arch'i t'm'. R'
de v's de re' uni' ten'ti voc' Tiden Courte in man' p'd D'd ap
Jenn' ap^ D'd p' indent' sigillo convent' sigillat' dat' xiiij die
Decembr' anno regni Regis Henr' viij xxiij'o hend' sibi &
assign' s' a die confeccion' p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'*'^
xix An' t'nc p'x' sequen & plenar' complend' Reddend'
inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm. R' de
yj's viij'd de re' j. ten'ti nup' in ten' Rici' ap Jeuan Madok
cu' quad' am p'cell' t're' quond'm in ten' Ll'n' ap Jon' Geffrey'^
quod quidm' ten'tu cu' p'cell' t're p'd' exist' nu'c in man'
Griffith ap D'd Lloid p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat'
xiiij die Marcii anno regni R' Henr' viij'o xx'mo hend' sibi &
assign' suis a die confeccion p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini
iiij^'' xix An t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Red-
dend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad duos anni t' ios ib'm usual'.
R' de xxxiij's iiij'd de re' j ten'ti cu' p'tin voc' y Kefige^
Vryn sic di' Hugoni Tuder ap M'rdd p' indent' sigillo convent'
sigillat' dat' xxvj'to die Septembr' anno D'ni md hend sibi
& assign' suis A die confeccion' p'n' cin' usq' ad t'min'
iiij'^"" xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Red-
dend' inde ut sup'a sol' ad fest' anu'uc be' Marie Virgi's &
Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i equalr'. R' de vj'd de re' j ten'ti in te'n
D'd ap D'd ad volunt' d'ni' sol' ad t' p'dco's.

S'ma ix'Ii iij's vj'd.

Villa de Tyre Menyth infa domin'' de Poiuys & in Ejjaf

W de xlvj's viij'd de re' j ten'ti cu' ij p'cell' t're voc' Koitge
y Yicar & Gwyrloidd' y Cunstable in man' D'd ap D'd p' in-

^ Ap, omitted in b.

^ GefFerey B, Jeffre, particulars for grant.

^ Kayfig, particulars for grant.
^ * The accountant in c renders an account of £30 : 13: 4 here men-
tioned, but does not render account of 2s. of rent of one plot of land
in the tenure of Reginald ap William, because King Henry YIII,
by patent, 26th September, 36 Henry YIII, granted it to John
Pope and Anthony Foster, and the heirs and assigns of said John
to have and to hold to the use of one William Blount, his heirs and
assigns, in free burgage by fealty only, and not in capite for any
rents or services. Same in d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n. This rent of
2s. was granted, also, to Sir Arthur Darcey, 37 Henry YIII. See
extract. This second grant, however, may have been made on ac-
count of some legal difficulty and for better security.

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 375

dent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' xxijMo die Marcii anno regm
Regis Henr' viij xx'o hend' sibi & assign' s' a die confeccion'
p'n' cin' usq^ ad fine' t'mini iiij'^^ xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen'
& plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a so? ad
fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm' in una solu'e cu' om'ibus consuet'
quas tenent' d'ce vill'e reddere debent. W de xx's de re' i.
ten'ti cu' cert' p'cell t're voc' Gardd' y Llitte^ y p'ke Newyd
Gwyrloidd' Vadok' & Yscokeyonne nup' in ten' Hoell Yaughan
n'nc in ten' Rob'ti ap Ris p' indent' sigill' convent' sigill' dat'
viij'o die Octobr' anno regni R' Henr' viij' hend' sibi & assign'
s' a die confeccion' p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'^^ xix An'
t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an'
ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm' in una soluc'.
R' de xiij's iiij'd de re' j. mo'li aquat' voc' the mille of Kagig-
way^ sic di' Thome Lloid^ p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat'
dat' xx'o die Maii anno regni Regis Henr' viij xx'o hend' sibi
& assign' s' a die confeccion' p'n' cin' usq' ad fine' t'mi iiij'^'^
xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend'
inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i t'm' cu'
sect' cur' ibm'. R' de xxvj's viij'd de reddu' j ten'ti nup' in
ten' Owini* ap Morga' cu' quadam p'cell' t'r' quondam in
ten' Dyo ap Gitten' Ycoide^ que qiiidm' dimittu't nu'c Joh'is
Baker p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' x'o die Marcii
anno regni Regis Henr' viij xxij'do hend' sibi & assign' suis a
die confeccion' p'n'cin' usq' ad tine' t'mi' iiij'^^ xix An'
tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an'
ut' sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc' Mich'is Arch'i t'm' cu' om'ibus
consuetud' in dc'a vill' usitat'. R' de xx's de re' j ten'ti
voc' Gwyrhawo de Tydder al' Gwyrloid y Hawod cu' quadam
p'cell' t'r' voc' Kevey yr Hawode sic di' Joh'i Bedd'o p' in-
dent' sigi'll convent' sigillat' dat' xxij'do die Maii Anno Dni'
M'l D xxvj'to hend' sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion' pn'
cin' usq' ad fine' t' mini iiij''''' xix An tuc' 'p x' sequen'
plenar complend' Reddend' inde ut sup' sol' ad fest' Sc'i
Mich'is Arch'i tm' cu' om'ibus consuetud' p' tenent' dee'
vill' usitat'. R' de x's iiij'd de Reddu' j tenti' voc' Tidden'
Nn'unt y Palys® cu' iij croft' voc the berecroft the rownde
croft & the buschemedoe in man' D'd Lloid' ap D'd p' indent
sigill' convent' sigillat' dat x'o die Julii anno regni R' Henr'
viij XV hend' sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion' pn' cin'

^ Llytte, B.

2 Late in tenure of David Vaughan, in the grant. Kagigwey, B.

^ Lloyd, B. '^ Owyu, B. ^ Ycoyde, b.

6 Palis, B.

376 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

tisq' ad fine' t'mini iii'*^ xix An' tu'c p' x' sequen' & plenar'
complend' Reddend' inde ut sup'a soV ad fest' Sci' Michi'a
Arch'i tm'. R' de xviij's iiij'd de re' ij ten'tor voc' yr
Ystum Vcha^ & Yr istem Issa in man' Lin' ap Meredith p'
indent' sigill' convent sigillat' dat' prime die Febr' anno' regni
Regis Henr' viij xx'o Lend' sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion'
pn' cin' usq' ad fine' t' mi' iiij''^ xix an' tu'c 'p'x sequen &
plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fstm'
S'ci Michi's Arch'i tm'. Et p'd' Lin' & assign' s' p'd' duo
ten'ta' cu' om'ibus domibus & 'p tin' b'n & sufficient' re'pabunt
& sustinebunt durant' t'mio' p'd'co. R' de xx's de re' j
ten'ti' cu om'ibus s' p'tin' in man' Hugonis Jo'ne ap Ris p'
indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' qu'm quidm' non ostend' sol ad
fstm' p'd.2 R' de xxvj's viij'd de re' diu'sar 'pcell' t' r' in
man' Hugonis ap Jeuan Jo'hn Gwyn p' indent sigill' convent'
sigillat' dat' xx'o die Febr' anno dni mdxix'no bend' sibi
& assign suis a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'
mi' iiij"'* xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen and plenar' complend'
Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i Micbi's Archi'
tm' et p'd' Hugo & assign' sui re'pabunt & ex novo edifi-
cabunt unu' tentu' sup' 'pcU' t'r p'dce suis p'prijs expenc'
R' de xvj's viij'd de re'n iij ten't voc' Dacken ap Githen ap
Dyo yr y gilvanche oer nup' in ten' Datkyn ap Gitto modo in
man' Jeuan ap Gitto Goze p' indent' sigi'll convent' sigillat'
dat' xxj' die Maii an'o Regni Regis Henr' viij' xx'o hen'd sibi
& assign' s' a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mini iiij'xx
xix' an' t'nc p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend'
inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' S'ci Mich'is Archi' tm' in una
soluc' R' de iiij's de re' ij' p'cell' t'r' voc' Klote y Conent
& y Sale Newid que nup' fuerunt in ten' Burgensis Vill' de
Pole n'nc in ten' Will'mi ap Kidwelled'^ p' indent' ' sigill'
convent' sigillat' dat' viij'o die Novembr' anno regni Regis
Henr' viij' xxvij'o hend' sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion'
pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mi' iiij'^^ xix' An' t'uc p'x' sequen'
& plenar' complend' reddend' inde an' ut sup'a so'l ad fsm'
S'ci Mich'is Archi' tm.' R' de xviij's iiij'd de re' j ten'ti voc'
p'ny Garrok cum quadm'u p'cell' t'r' voc' y Tailo'r Erion' in
mai'bus D'd Vychn'u ap D'd Madok' p' indent' sigill' convent'
sigillat' dat' in vigilia S'ci Mich'is Archi' an'o Dni' m'l d viij'o
hen'd sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion' pn'cui' usqz ad fine'
t'mi' iiij'xx xix' an' tuc' p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend'.

^ Yr Ystum Ycha, omitted in grant, and particulars for grant.
2 Not in the particulars for grant to Chapman, nor in the grant
itself. 3 Kydwellyder, b.

ABBEY OF YSTEAD MARCHELL, 377

teddend^ inde an^ ut sup'a soV ad fest^ S^ci Mich'is Archi'
i' W de iiij's de re^ diu\s p^cell^ t^r' voc' Maise y Wellyn
mai^bus Jo^his ap John p^ indent' sigilF convent' sigillat'
tt' XX die Januar' anno D'ni mdxxx hend' p'fat' Jo'hi &
5sign' s' a die confection' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mi iiij'^'^
iix' an' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde
it sup'a sol' ad fest' annu'c be' Marie Virgi's & S'ci Mich'is
Archi' p' equal' porco'es. R' de xx's de re' uni's pastur' voc'
y Kyve ygwerloid cu' una p'cell' t'r' in silva ib'm in man'
Rogeri ap Jon'^ Gwyn p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat'
ij'do die Septembr' anno regni R' Henr' viij xxvij'o hend'
sibi & assign' s' a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mi'
iiij^'''' xix' an' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend'
inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' S'ci Mich'is Archi' tm' R' de
xl's de re' uni's p'ce'll t'r' voc' Dolle ychan Issa in man'
Jeuan ap Gitto Dyo p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat'
vj'to die Marcii anno regni Regis Henr' viij xxv'to hend'
Bibi & assign' s' a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine'
t'mini iiij'^^ xix' an' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend'
Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fi'm' Sci' Michi's Arc'hi
tm'. R' de xxix's viij'd de redd' ij ten't in man' Jeuan ap
Gitto p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' xx'o die April'
anno dni' miiijciiij''"'v hend' sibi & assign' suis a die con-
feccion' pn' cin' usqz ad fine' t'mi' iiij'^'' xix an' tu'c p'x'
sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol'
ad t'i'os ib'm' usual'. R' de x's iiij'd de re' diu'sar' p'cell'
t'r' voc' Plas Dogen que nup' fuerunt in ten' Meredith ap
Jeuan Dyo modo in man' Jeuan ap Gitto ap Dyen p' indent'
sigill' convent' sigillat' dat' xvij'o die April' anno dni' m'^ d
xxij'o hend' sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion' pn' cin' usq'
ad fine' t'mi' iiij'''^ xix An' tuc' p' x' sequen' & plenar' com-
plend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sci' Michi's
Arch'i tm' in una soluc'oe. R' de xviij's iiij'd de re' j tenti'
voc' Penlam & Kitsen cu' vij acr' t'r' jac' sup' Bryn' Blewe
sic dimiss' Dd' ap Gitten' Blache p' indent' sigill' convent'
sigillat' dat' ij'do die Decembr' anno dni' m'^ iiijc'iiij'^^ix
Lend' sibi & assign' s' a die confeccion' p'n'cin' usq' ad fine'
t' mi' iiij'*^ xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend'
Reddend' inde an' ut' sup'a sol' ad fest' Sci' Michi's Archi'
tm'. R' de vj's viij'd de re' ij p'cell' t'r' quar' una voc'
Llewyen' Ywell' ^ & alt'a p'cell' voc' Kadicus cu' alia p'cell'
t'r' scituat' int' d'cas duas p'cell' t'r' sic di' Jeuan Dd' ap
Jeuan p' indent' sub sigill' convent' dci' nup' mon' cui' dat'

^ John, B. 2 Lloy Wien ywell, grant.

378 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCH ELL.

est xxWyo die Septembr' anno regni regis Henr^ xviij xxvij'o
hend^ sibi & assign' suis a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad
fine' t'mi' iiij'^'' xix An tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' com-
plend Eeddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sci^ Michi's
Arcli'i tm' in una soluc' cu' omib'us alijs consuetud' quas
tenent' istius vilF solvere consueveriint. R' de v's iiijM de
Redd'n uni' prati voc^ Giwirloid cu' om'ibus suis p'tin' in
maib'us Hugonis ap Jeuan Goze p' indent' sigill' convent'
sigillat' dat' xij'o die Febr' anno regni Regis Henr' viij xj'o
bend' sibi & assign suis a die confeccion pn'cin' usq' ad
fine' t'mi' iiij''''^ xix An' tu'c 'p'x' sequen' & plenar' com-
plend' Reddend' inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sc'i
Michi's Arch'i t'm' in una soluc' cu' om'ibus consuetud'
quos tenent' p'd' vill' sol' tenent'. R' de vj's viij'd de re'
j ten'ti' voc' Tene Coid' cu' una Acr' p'pe d'cam' domu'
sic di' Owens ap Grr' ap Tudder p' indentur' sigill' convent'
sigillat' dat' ix'no die Januar' anno Dni' m'dxxxj hend' sibi &
assign' sais a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq' ad fine' t'mi' iiij''^'^
xix An' tu'c p'x' sequen' & plenar' complend' Reddend'
inde an' ut sup'a sol' ad fest' Sci' Mici's Arch'i tm' in una
soluc' cu' omni'bus alijs cousuetud' p' tenent' d'ce vill' debit'.
^R' de cvj's viij'd de re' diu'sar' p'cell' t'r cu' p'tin in man'
Nich'i Purcer^ p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' q'm quid'm
non ostend' sol' ad duas Anni t'mios videl't ad fest' Annuc'
be' Marie Virgi's & Sci' Michi's Archi' p' equal' porco'es
R' de vj'd de re' j ten'ti in maib'us Ris Lloid' p' indent'
sigill' convent' sigillat' q'm quid'm non ostend' sol' ad' t'
p'd'. R' de xvij's de re' j tenti' in maibus Hugonis ap
Madok p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' ut dicit'r sol' ut
sup'a. R' de xiij's iiij'd de redd' j tenti cu' p'tin' in mai'bus
p'd' Hugonis p' indentur' sigill' convent sigillat' q'mquid'm
non ostend' sol' ad t' p'd'. R' de xxvj's viij'd de re' j ten'ti'
cu p'tin' in man' Rici' ap Owen p' indent' sigill' convent'
sigillat' q'm quid'm non ostend' sol' ad t' p'd'. R' de vj's
viij'd de re'u j tenti' cu' p'tin' in maib'us p'd' Rici p' indent'
sigill' convent' sigillat' q'um quid'm non ostend' sol' ad t' p'd'.
R' de ij's^ de re' j plac' t'r' in ten' Regnald' ap Willm' p'
indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' q'm quid'm non ostend' sol' ad
t' p'd'. R' de xx'd de reddu o'im ter' iac' in Campis de
Whitefelde in man' Grifiith ap David ap Ph'ip^ p' indent' sigill'

^ Not in the particulars for grant to Chapman nor in the grant.

2 Pursett, B.

3 Granted to Pope and Foster, 36 Hcnrv VIII. See sujn-a.
* PhilUp, B.

II ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 379

invent' sigillat' q'm quid'm non ostend' sof ad t' p'dco's.
' de xx's de Reddu unius tenti' cu' p'tin' voc' Tyden Yevron
' i in man' Griffith ap Dd' Lloid p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat'
\ q'm quid'm non ostend' sol' ut sup'a. R' de v's de re'
diraidietat' Campi voc' Borna Yaure in man' Rob'ti ap Ris ad
volunt' dn'i sol' ad t' p'd'. R' de v's de re' alt'ius di' Campi'
de Borna Vaure in man' Oweni ap Gri' ap Tuder ad volunt'
dni' sol' ad t' p'dcos. R' de xij'd de re' uni's p'cell' t'r' voc'
Brown Blewe in man' D'd Vaughan D'd ad volunt' dni' sol'
ad t' p'd'. R' de vj'd de redd'u uni' p'cell' t'r' in man' Moricii
ap Jon'e ap Jenken' ad volunt' sol' ut sup'a. R' de xx'd de
re' alt'ius p'cell' t'r' in man' Meredith ap Lin' ap Tuder ad
volunt' sol' ad t' p'd'. R' de xxvj's viij'd de re' Customorior'
porcor' ovor' et gallinar^ que tenent^ dee' vill' an' reddere
teuent'a sol' ad ter pM'cos. S'ma xxx'li xvj's iiijM.

Gh^angia de Talertheg}

R' de iiij'li de red'du Grang' p'd' cu' p'tin' sic di' Jo'hi ap
Howell' Vaughan p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' sol' ad
fest' Annuo' be' Marie Virg'is & S'ci Mich'is Archi' p' equa'l
porco'es. S'ma iiij'li.

Grangia de Fenllyn?

R' de Ixvj's viij'd de firm' Grang' p'd' cu' p'tin' sic di'
Kydwellider ap Robt' p* indent sigill' convent' sigillat' sol' ad
fest' sci' Michis Archi' t'm. S'ma Ixvj's viij'd

Hector de Bario.^
R' de ix'li de re' decimar Rector p'd' cu' p'tin' in man'

^ This entry is omitted in c, D, and all subsequent rolls. Rents
in Cowno and Worthyn (Montgomery), late of the abbey of Llan-
liggan and monastery of Strathmargel, and the farm of the manor
of Talertheg, with a rent in Montgomery, late of the monastery of
Strathmarghel, were granted to Sir Arthur Darcy in 87 Henry
VIII. Particulars for grants — Sir Arthur Darcey, 2nd July, 37
Henry VIII, sec. 3 ; patent roll, 37 Henry VIII, p. 12, August 23.
See extract.

2 Same in c, D, E, p, g, h, i, k, l, m, n. Granted to Hayward and
Dixon, 8 Eliz. See extract.

^ Same in c, D, e, f, g, h, i, k, l ; omitted in m and N ; but in N
another hand has entered as if noting an omission : — Rectoria de
Bario ; rectoria de Bettus. We do not find any grant of these two
rectories in 3, 4, 5, and 6 Philip and Mary. Query, only accidental
omission? The Minister's Accounts of Elizabeth at the Land
Revenue Office show this. They were not granted out. See me-
morandum at end of particulars for grant to Hayivard.

380 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

Nichi' Purceir p* indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' sol' ad fest'
Annuo' be' Marie Yirgis & Sci' Miclii's Archi' equalr'

Sm'a ix'li
Rector de Bettus}

R' de iiij'li de Reddu' Rector' p'd' cu' p'tin in man' Thome
an Jeuan Lloid' p' indent' sigill' convent' sigillat' sol' ad fest'
Annnc' be' Marie Virgi's & Sci' Michi's Archi' equalr'

Sm'a iiij'li
Exitus Silve voe* Koid y Menythe.^

R' de vj's viij'd p'venient' tm' de pannag' porcor' iVm qu'm
de melle mo do in man' Dd' ap Jeuan ad volunt' dni' sol' ad
fest' Annuo' be' Marie Virgis & Sci' Michi's Archi' equalr.

Sm'a vj's viij'd
Exitus silvc voc Gollegolle.^

R* de x's 'pvenient de pannag' porcor' in dca' silva in man'
p' d'ci D'd ap Jeuan ad volunt' dni' sol' ad fest' Annu'c be
Marie Yirgi's & Sc'i Mich'is Arch'i equalr'. Sm'a x's

Perquis' Gur\

De aliquo p'ficuo p'venient' de p'quis Cur' ib'm hoc anno
mie' hie r' eo q'd null' hmoi' accideb' infra tempus huj^ Compi'
p' sacrm' dc'i computunt'. Sm' null'.

Sm'a tol'is On'is cu' Arra'giis,

cccxlviij'li xix's

De quibus.
Feod^ et vad\

Idm' comput' in feed' d'ci computunt' collect' redd' & firm'
supM' p'cipient' liij s iiij'd p' an' sic sibi concess' p' considerac'
p' d' videl't in allone' h'moi' feed' p' totu' tempus hui' compi'
liij's iiij'd. R' in feed' Humfridi^ Lloid sen'li cur' om'i t'r' &
tent' sup'ad' p'cipient' xxvj's viij'd p' an' sic concess' p' sigillu'
convent' dci' nup' Mon' cui' dat' est scd'o die Octobr anno
Dni' m^dxxiij'o hend' & tenend' p'dcm' officiu' unacu' food'
p'dc'o p'fat' Humfrid' & assign' suis durant' vita sua videl't
in allon'e hmo'i feed xxvi's viij'd. R' in feed' Rob'ti ap Ris^

^ Similar in C, D, E, F, G, H, T, K, L ; omitted in M, N.

2 Same, but abbreviated in c, D, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m. Koyde
Menythe, c. Koyd Menithe, D. Sold to Chapman, particulars for
grants. See extract.

^ Same in c, D, E, F, G, H, i,"k, l, m, n. Sold to Chapman, par-
ticulars for grant. See extract.

* Same in c, d, e, f, g, h, i, K, l, m, n.

^ Same in c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k, l, m, n.

I .^.^...^ ...

I^ftstod' boscor' p'tin' dc'o nup' Mon' p'cipient' viij's p* An' sic

I^Bbi concess' p' sigilla' convent' dci' nup' Mon' gerent' dat'

I viij'o die Octobr' Anno Dni' m^dxxviij'o Lend' p'd' feod' p'fat'

' Rob'to p' se vel deputat' s' a die confeccion' pn'cin' usq^ ad

t'minu' vite ipi'us Rob'ti sol' ad festu' Sci' Mich'is Arch'i tm'

in una soluc' vide'lt in all'one b'mo'i feod' p' totu' tern pus huj'r

compi' viij's. R'in stipend' clico'r audit' scribent' hunc compm'

ad ij's p' An' p'ut cli'cis Audit' Dni' Regis Ducat' s' Lancastr*

( alloc' consuet's in sin'glis compi's ministr ibm' vide'lt in allo'ne

\ hm'oi stipend' scdm' forma' & eflPect' Act' P'liament' sup'ius in

capita recitat' ij's. Sm'a iiij'li x's.

Defect' cu' Alloc Redd\

Et^ in defect' Redd' j mo'li aquatic' sup'ius on' cu' t'r* domi'
cal' ad xx's p' An' eo qd' jacuit vacuu' et inoccupat' p' totu'
tempus huj' compi' p' sacr'um p'd' computn'ut et null' p'dcm'
Molend' infra idm' tempus conducere voluit'. Et sic in defect'
Redd' xx's. Et^ in All'oc Redd' uni' p'ci sup'ius on' cu' t'r'
domi'cal' ad xxx's p' An' eo qd' reman' in man' dni' Regis p'
feris ib'm' depascend' p' tempus p' dcm'. Et sic in Alloc' Redd'
xxx's. Sm'a I's.

Lihac^ den^ oru\

Et in den'ijs liba't' Will'mo Stumpe p'ticuler'Rec' Dni' Regis
ib'm' p' man' p'd' computunt' de exit' officii sui huj Anni ad
duas vices ut patet p' duas bill' man' dci' Recept' Assign' ac
int' memor' huj's officii Reman'. Sm'a Ix'li viij's ij'd.

Sm'a Allocaf et libaf ;p'd' Ixvij'li viij's ijd.

Et deb't cciiij'^'' j'li x's x'd. De quibus alloc'a ei Ixvj's viij'd
p' tn't' den' ijs nimis grave on 'at' sup'ius int' Arr' p' pl'itis et
p'quis' cur' ten tar' in anno xxxij'do Regis Henr' viij'vi. Tamen
dn's Powys p'stitit Sacr'um. Cora' Cancell' et Consilio cur
augmen' revene' coron' dni' Regis qd' nullu' tale p'ficiuu' acci-
debat in p'dc'o An'o. Ideo hie exon'at'a p' mandat' cancellar'
et consilij cur' p'd' ut sup'a. Et deb't cclxxviij'li iiij's ij'd.

Sup'a.

Diu'sos tenent' in villa de Trahelig p' tn't' den'ijs p' ipo's
Dn'o Regi debit' ad fest' Sci' Mich'is Arch' Anno Regni
Regis Henr' viij xxxij'do p' redd' et firm' in villa de Trahelig'

Et— :

382 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

p'd' & adliuc insolut' vid'elt de arr' suis aretro exisfcen' p' p'dc'o
anno ix'li iij's vj'd.

Diu'sos tenent' in villa de Tere Menytli p' tn't' den' p' ip'os
Dn'o Regi debit' ad p'd' fest' Sci' Mich'is Arch'i in dco' An'o
xxxij'do p' redd' et firm' in villa de Tere Menytli p'd' & adliuc
insolut' vid'elt de arr' eor' aretro exist en' p' p'dco Anno.

xxx'li xvj's iiij'd.

Joli'em ap Howell Vychan firm' Grang' de Talertheg sup'ius
on' ad iiijli p' An' vz de Arreragijs s' aretro existen' p' p'dc'o
Anno xxxij'o. iii'li.

Kidwellidar ap Eob't firm' Grang' de Penllyn' sup'ius on^ ad
Ixvj's viij'd p' An' videl't de Arr' suis aretro existen' p'
p'dc'o An^o xxxij'do. Ixvj's viijM.

Nich'm Pursell firm' rector de Berio sup'ius on' ad ix'li p\
An' vz de Arr' suis aretro existen' t'm' p' an'o xxxij'do q'm p'
an'o xxviij'o xxix'vo xxx'mo et xxxj'mo. xlv'li.

Thoma' ap Jeuan Lloid firm' rector' de Bettus supius on' ad
iiij'li p' an' videl't de Arr'agijs suis aretro existen' p' p'd'co.
Anno xxxij'do. iiij'li-

D'd ap Jeuan firm' duaru' Silvaru' voc' Gollegoll et Gode
Menythe. sup'ius on' ad xvj's viij'd p' An' vz de arr' s' aretro
existen' t'um p' an'o xxxij'do q'm p* iiij'or An' p'ceden'.

iiij'li iij's iiij'd.

Dn'm Powys p' t'nt* den'ijs p' ipm' recept' de redd' et firm'
sup'a diet' t'm in anno xxxj'mo Regis Henr' viij'vi q'm in
annis xxviij'o xxix'no et xxx'mo et adhuc insolut' videl't de
Arr' suis aretro existen' p' p'd annis.

clxxvij'li xiiij's iiij'd.

Ip'm comput'unt de p'prijs Arr' suis hoc anno. N'l.

Ex'd per nos

Tho. Pope.
F. Bacon.

Since the foregoing has been in type we have been
favoured with the following notes, which we gladly
take the opportunity of printing.

David ap Owen, Abbot of Ystrad Marchellj afterwards
Bishop of St. Asaph.

The recumbent eflfigy of a bishop in his vestments,
which stands against the pillar in the north-west corner
of the south transept, has generally been assigned to
Bishop David ap Owen, 1503 to 1513, the rebuilder of

ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 383

)ie palace, and previous to his elevation to the see,
bbot of Ystrad Marchell. The " Ichnography of the
uctthedral church of St. Asaph", prefixed to the original
edition of Browne Willis's survey of the cathedral church
of St. Asaph (London, 1720) shows it as standing on
the south of the communion table, and it is therein
marked "Bishop David Owen's monument." Browne

1 1 Willis (in p. 12) says, " On the south side of the high

' ' altar lies a bishop in his episcopal habit, being the oldest
tomb in the church . . . whose this monument is we
have no certain authority, but it is presumed it was
erected in memory of Bishop David Owen."

In his will Bishop David ap Owen directs his body

.| to be buried on the north side of the altar.

'I On this evidence it was determined to have the illus-
tration of this monumental e^gj lithographed, as pro-
bably the only memorial extant of one who was an
abbot of the Abbey of Ystrad Marchell. We should,

I however, state that by some the e&igj is considered of
an earlier date. It has been assigned by the anony-
mous writer of Murray's Hand Book of North Wales to
the time of Edward I, 1272 to 1307, and by a higher
authority, Mr. M. H. Bloxam, F.S.A., to the middle of
the fourteenth century, to Bishop John Trefor, ]347,
or Bishop Llewelyn ap Madoc, 1357. I incline to the
opinion that if it be not the &^gj of Anian II, the re-
builder of the cathedral after its destruction by the
soldiers of Edward I, it is that of his successor Llewelyn
ap Ynyr (Leoline de Bromfield), who re-arranged the
services, and did so much for its general improvement
1293-1314. Its position in 1645, as appears from the
Diary of Richard Symond^, was near the north east
angle of the choir; "upon the flore, near the north wall,
at the east end of the quire, lyes the statue of a bishop
cut in stone ; an arch over his head, a foot above the

' ground, with mitre and crozier".

During some alterations in 1780, it is mentioned by
Browne Willis as "rediscovered and removed from the
south side of the high altar to one of the pillars in the

384 ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL.

broad aisle", by which we are probably to understand
its present position. The following full description of
it by such an authority in these matters as Mr. Bloxam,
cannot fail to be interesting.

" The Bishop is represented as attired in the toga talaris^
the ancient cassock^ and vested as follows : — On his head is
worn the Mitre, the face is close shaven, round the neck is
the Amice, over the cassock is worn the Alb, over which is the
Stole, the pendant extremities of which are visible ; over the
stole is worn the Tunic or Dalmatic, which of the two is not
very plainly apparent ; over this is the Ghesihle, the most im-
portant of all the vestments^ and without which the most
sacred office of the Church could not be performed. The feet
of the Q^gj rest against a dog, the hands and portions of the
arms are gone, as is also the head of the Pastoral Staff. The
shaft of the Pastoral Staff is covered with the veil^ and it
appears to have been held in the left hand. The Maniple
depends from the left arm. The right hand appears to have
been upheld in act of benediction ; above the head is an ogee-
shaped canopy, trefoiled within and crocketted externally, and
on either side is an angel holding a censor or thurible. The
effigy is sculptured in high relief"

However, upon the high authority of Browne Willis,
it has been deemed allowable to adorn the pages of
the Montgomeryshire Collections with this e^gj, and to
treat it, as he did, as the monument of David ap Owen,
Abbot of Ystrad Marchell, who, after being subse-
quently Abbot of Conway, was promoted to the see of
St. Asaph. D. E. T.

Monaclii de Mochraiadr,

In the Montgomeryshire Collections iov 1872, p. 109 et
seq., Mr. H. W. Lloyd has very satisfactorily identified
the boundaries of the lands sold by Modoc Hethgam
to the monks of Ystrad Marchell. Almost adjoining
these lands, and others purchased from Elise ap Madoc,
or granted by him, in 1183 to the same religious esta-
blishment, is a place now called Bochraiadr, which
appears to answer in all particulars to the Mochraiadr
at which in early times there was a subject cell of that
same house.

Ii ABBEY OF YSTRAD MARCHELL. 385

In an Extent of Merionethshire, transcribed by Mr.
[orris C. Jones, the Secretary of the Powys-land Club,
I the Archceologia Camhrensis, 1867, p. 189, we read
nder the Commote of Penllyn :
"Decasus quia Eex remisit per cartas suas. De monachls
xjlQ Mochrader pro procuratione quam facere solebant principi
per j Tioctem vj li. De eisdem duo puUani de meliori equitio
f suo pretii xl.s pretium pullani xxs.

and in a foot-note it is further stated that the '* Monks
of Ystrad Marchell had a grant of laad from Prince
|| Gwenwynwyn in Mochraidre".^ Add to this that Boch-
raiadr stands in the course of the road from Bala to
Festiniog and Yspytty respectively, and we see a special
II reason for the condition that "a night's lodging should
' be provided for the Prince" on his journeys across these
wild and barren mountains, as well as some ground for
ll an old tradition which stated there had once been on
' the heights of the Arenig a sort of Mont St. Bernard
for the accommodation of travellers across those wild
regions. Again, in the condition that "two colts of
their superior breed" should form a portion of their
annual payments, we trace the connection of this cell
with the mother establishment and that famous breed
of horses which Robert de Belesme is said to have
introduced into Montgomeryshire about the year 1100.
At the dissolution, all these lands were held under a
lease by Eobert ap Rhys of Yspytty, chaplain to Cardinal
Wolsey, in the hands of whose descendant, Mr. Price of
Rhiwlas, they for the most part remain. Putting these
different points together, it may, I think, not unreason-
ably be concluded from them that the"Monachi de
Mochrader" formed a subject cell of Ystrad Marchell,
situated at the place now called Bochraiadr in one of
the many wild passes of Penllyn in Merionethshire.

D. R. T.

1 "Mochraidre" is mentioned in the charter of Wennunwen,
which is set out in the inspeximus charter of Henry VI (see Mont.
Coll., vol. iv, p. 309) —M. C. J. .

VOL. VI. C C

386 ABBEY OF YSTEAD MARCHELL.

Remains lately discovered of the Ahhey Church.

In the month of August, 1873, whilst the bam of the
Bank Farm, Pool Quay, was being taken down, a con-
siderable number of carved and dressed stones were
found built in one of the walls with the common stone
of the district. The Bank Farm belongs to the Earl of
Powis and is occupied by Mr. Edward Jones, and is
situated on the turnpike road leading from Welshpool
to Oswestry, about a mile from the site of Ystrad Mar-
chell (Strata Marcella) Abbey. There is every reason
to believe that these stones were removed from the
Abbey and formed part of the Abbey Church, which,
as they clearly testify, must have been a Gothic build-
ing of the early English style. All the carved and
moulded stones have been laid on one side by Mr.
Hand, by his lordship's directions, to be sketched and
reported upon by a gentleman well competent to the
task, and it is hoped at some future time the result will
be communicated in the pages of the Montgomeryshire
Collections. The stones, some seventy or eighty in
number, and of various forms, are well worthy of inspec-
tion by members of the club and others interested in
archieology.

387

HISTORIC SPOTS.
No. III.

DOLFORWYN.

Among the historic spots of Montgomeryshire, the

Castle of Dolforwyn, or Dorforwyn, occupies a dis-
tinguished place. It is celebrated in the annals of remote

mtiquity as a bulwark of Cambrian independence, anci
[is stni associated with the traditions of legendary lore,

IS "the Castle of the Virgin's Meadow". The songs of
(bards have often resounded in its halls, and national
[poets have illustrated the locality in immortal verse.
The site of the castle is imposing, and its ruins,

lI though scanty, impress the beholder with a sense of
tits former importance.

" The days of old, though time has reft

The dazzling splendour which they cast.
Yet many a remnant still is lefji

To shadow forth the past.
The warlike deed, the classic page,

The lyric torrent, strong and free.
Are lingering o'er the gloom of age.

Like moonlight on the sea."

About half a mile on the Newtown side of Abermule,
and on the north side of the river Severn, upon the
summit of a lofty cone-shaped hill of abrupt ascent, the
ruins of the castle are still visible. From the fragments
of a tower, and other scanty remains, it appears to have
been constructed out of the thinly laminated slate of
the country, like Castell Dinas Bran. On the accessible
sides of the hill deep trenches are cut through the rock
for defensive purposes. Different dates are assigned

C C 2

388 HISTORIC ^POTS.

for the building of the castle. Evans in his Dissertatio
de Bardis says, that it was erected by Bleddyn ap
Cynfyn, Prince of Powys by inheritance, who acquired
the kingdoms of North and South Wales, and became
founder of the third royal tribe of Wales. He is supposed
to have been assisted by the Saxon King Edward the
Confessor, in acquiring the. sovereignty of Gwynedd,
and after a predatory expedition in Herefordshire,
A.D. 1067, he, and his brave brother Rhiwallon were
attacked by Maredudd and Ithel, the sons of Prince
Gruffyd ap Llewelyn, who appeared at the head of a
formidable army to regain, if possible, the realm of their
father.^ The rival forces met at Mechain in Powys, and
after an arduous conflict, in which leaders on both sides,
Khiwallon and Ithel, were slain, the troops of Mare-
dudd were defeated and dispersed, and the youthful
chieftain fled to a mountain recess, of which the passes
were so closely watched by the pursuers, that the
vanquished Prince miserably perished of cold and
hunger. Bleddyn ap Cynfyn became the sole and un-
disputed sovereign of Wales, He was a man of
peaceful inclinations, and amiable manners, and deeply
concerned for the welfare and prosperity of his subjects.
He is entitled to the lasting gratitude of his country
for certain beneficial modifications, which he eflfected in
the laws of Howel Dha, by altering the quantities of
land assigned to coheirs in the division of a kinsman's
estate. It is highly probable, that, anticipating ere
long a collision between his subjects and the recent in-
vaders of Britain, he erected about a.d. 1069 the strong
castle of Dolforwyn, in the hope of stemming the surg-
ing waves of Norman aggression.

Dugdale, however, places the erection of the castle of
Dolforwyn at a much later date, stating it was built by
Davydd ap Llewelyn about the year 1242. The fortress
was quadrangular, about 50 yards long and 25 wide,
and strengthened with bastions at the angles. Some
portions of the walls are yet standing, and are nearly
^ History of Wales. By Jane Williams, p. 182.

.HISTOmO SPOTS. 389

four feet in thickness, and if the debris, which has
accumulated in the moat, which partly surrounds it,
were cleared away, probably some interesting discoveries
might be made. In the valley below, and quite within
range, is the Meadow of the Virgin, supposed to allude
to the legendary story of Sabrina. The story is told in
all sorts of ways. Ours is, that Sabrina was the daughter
of Locrine, King of Britain. That worthy became
enamoured of Estrildis, one of three matchless maidens
he had made captive, after defeating the King of the
Huns, to whom they belonged. Even in that rough
and ready age Locrine was obliged to resort to the
plan so successfully adopted centuries later by Henry
"the Eighth, before he could obtain possession of the
maiden's charms ; so without much compunction he
put away Gwendolen, his lawful spouse, and took to
his bosom Estrildis. Sabrina was the result. But the
course of love, whether true or not, does not run smooth;
Locrine died, and Gwendolen reigned in his stead.
Then came the opportunity for revenge. Estrildis, and
her daughter, took refuge at Dolforwyn, whither the
Queen followed, and had them both drowned in the river
Hafren flowing before the house, which from that day
was called Sabrina, until the name was corrupted into
Severn. As though to increase the illusion of the tale,
a jutting rock in the bed of the Severn appears to sug-
gest the memorable spot, from which the ill-fated virgin
was consigned to the deep waters of the eddying stream.
Sabrina became a Water Baby, and for many years
seems to have really been a very useful maiden in the
.district, for it is said, and was believed, that she roamed on
the fertile meadows along the river banks every evening,
healing the mischiefs caused to the earth by those
troublesome spirits that dealt in elfish magic. She also
protected damsels in distress, and delivered from
positions of peril her fellow virgins, among whom, ac-
cording to Milton, was Lady Alice Egerton, daughter
of the Earl of Bridgwater, the enthralled Lady of
Comus, whom Sabrina liberated, having thus accosted :

390 HISTORIC SPOTS,

" Brightest lady, look on me.
Thus I sprinkle on thy breast
Drops, that from my fountain pure
I have kept of precious cure ;
Thrice upon thy finger's tip.
Thrice upon thy rubied lip."

Drayton, in the sixth song of his Poly-Olbion, narrates the
pitiful tale of the drowning of Sabrina and her mother ;
and Dyer points out the Maiden's Meadow, as emphati-
cally the spot, where the truculent deed was perpetrated.
" From Wrekin's brow to rocky Dolforwyn,
Sabrina's early baunt, ere yet she fled
The search of Gwendolen, her stepdame proved.
With envious hate enraged."

Fletcher, too, in a mournful dirge deplores the hard
fate of the Virgin Sabrina, which has become an attrac-
tive theme for mythical tales of the poets.

The circumstances and date of the downfall of Dol-
forwyn are recorded. Llewelyn ap Griffith had renewed
his forays along the marches, and Edward I summoned
the whole force of England to Worcester, June 1277,
and divided it into three parts. A corps under the Earl
of Lincoln and Roger Mortimer besieged, reduced, and
destroyed Dolforwyn Castle. (Pearson's History of
England y vol. i, 321.)

The fortresses of Montgomeryshire have fallen before
the casualties of events, and the ravages of time ; and
the haze of uncertainty broods over the date and the
exploits of the Castell Dolforwyn. But the antiquated
ruins continue memorials of a dynasty long passed
away ; the charm of Nature lingers unimpaired by the
lapse of ages, and the Severn flows onward in its wind-
ing course as calmly in the peaceful reign of Queen
Victoria, as when the stalwart sons of Powys-land, con-
fident in their valour, and proud of their national
liberties, rallied round their native chieftains within the
massive walls of "the Castle of the Virgin's Meadow."

The present proprietor of the dismantled fort is the
Reverend John Lloyd, who purchased the romantic
locality from the Earl of Powis, and has built a mansion
in the neighbourhood. G. S.

391

HISTORY OF
THE PARISH OF LLANWDDYN.

By the Rev. THOMAS HENRY EVANS, the Vicae.

I. — PHYSICAL FEATURES AND DESCRIPTION.

1. Name of the Parish vnth its derivation. — The
name is composed of the generic word Llan prefixed to
that of Wddyn. This is an instance of a very common
occurrence in the names of villages in Wales, and on
the borders of England. We are told that there are
no less than five hundred names within the British
Isles compounded with this word. Its meaning is a
clean, jpretty, and lovely spot, appropriated to some
particular use, either surrounded with walls, or hedged
in by trees ; for instance, Per-llan (Orchard), Gwin-llan
(Vineyard), and taken in Wales typically for the
Church, hence the Churchyard is called Mynwent-y-
Llan; but we find it rather a generic than a specific
term. This word is probably of the same meaning as
the Irish word Kil^ in Kilkenny in Ireland, Cilcennin
and Ciliauaeron in Wales, for in all the words that
have the term Kil prefixed, the Welsh word Llan is
omitted. This appellation is not altogether inappro-
priate and cannot be offensive to any one, for we know
that the churches in modern Wales have invariably
been built in the loveliest spots to be found. The
church built, the term Llan would be prefixed, it may
be to the name of one of the saints, or the one that
Ijuilt the edifice, or occasionally to the name of a well-

1 Vide Arch. Camh.y 1850, p. 17.

392 HISTORY OF

known river, or any other thing famous or prominent in
the neighbourhood ; for instance, Llan-Dewi (St. David's
Church), Llan -Daniel-fab, Llan-Daf, Llan-aber, and
Llan-uwchllyn, — hence our explanation of Llanwddyn,
meaning the Church of Wddyn. Wddyn, according to
tradition, was an anchorite or holy recluse, living in
seclusion and retirement from the world for his soul's
health in a cell among the rocks near this place, some-
time during the sixth century ; for Llwybr-wddyn
(Wddyn's path) whence he went to visit St. Monacella,
whose cell was at Pennant Melangell (St. Monacella)
on the other side of the mountain, five miles distant, is
still known- and pointed out by the old inhabitants.
St. Monacella lived in the sixth century (Rees's Welsh
Saints, p. 269). There is another version of the tradi-
tion, describing him as a giant, great in stature and of
fabulous strength. But this latter version might have
originated from a secondary meaning given to the word
"Cawr" (giant) in Wales, for it has been applied to an
individual that excelled and distinguished himself in
any pursuit, whether intellectually or physically.

2. Position and houndaries of the parish with its
divisions. — In the ancient division of Wales this parish
formed a portion of the "barony of Powys, or the lord-
ship of Uwchrhaiadr in Powys Wenwynwyn, Cwmmwd
Mechain yn Mochnant,^ and in modern times it is in the
upper division of the hundred of Llanfyllin in the
county of Montgomery, being twelve miles (W. by N.)
from the town of Llanfyllin, and about the same

^ In the ancient division of Wales, made in the time of Prince
Llewelyn (Llewelyn ap Gruff.), Powys Wenwynwyn contained the
following hundreds and commotes : —

HUNDREDS. COMMOTES.

1. Vyrnwy, comprising Mochnant uwch Rhaiadyr, Mechain Iscoed,

and Llanerch Hudol.

2. Ystrad „ Deuddwr, Gorddwr Isaf, and Ystrad Mar-

chell.

3. Llyswynav „ Caer Einion, and Mechain Uwch Coed.

4. Cede wain ,, Cynau, Cyveiliog, and Mawddwy.

Myf. Arch., p. 736.

PARISH OF LLANWDDYN. 393

[istance (S.E.) from Bala, Merionethshire. The parish
partly within its own manor, called the "Manor of
It. John,"^ and ecclesiastically it is within the diocese
)f St. Asaph, the Archdeaconry of Montgomery, and the
~.ural Deanery of Llanfyllin.

The boundaries, at the present day, are the following
)arishes: — North, Llanfor; north-west, Llaniiwchllyn -^
id west, Llan-y-mawddwy, all in the county of Me-
rioneth ; south-west, the ecclesiastical parish of Garth-
>eibio ; south, Llangadfan ; south-east, Llanrhaiadr,
md Llanfihangel ; east, Hirnant ; and north and north-
east. Pennant Melangell. The latter has one of its
iownships called Dyffrwyd or Dwyffrwd, running quite
ito the heart of our parish, separating Marchnad
md Tre'r llan, two of its townships ; its bound-
try, as also the north-eastern side of the parish of
[pennant is set forth in the Parish Register of Pennant
[as follows, —

May 23rd, 1723. Memorandum that upon the day and
[year above written, the mears and boundaries between the
[parish of Llanwothyn and Pennant were walked and inspected
[by the persons hereunder named, and by the direction of
"""homas David Humphrey of Pennant, David Ellis and Robert
John Cadwalader of Llanwothyn, found as foUoweth : Imprimis
begun at Nant-y-noddfa, and from thence to Croes-y-Garreg,
from thence to Ochr Nant-y-Baedd, from thence to Blaen-y-
rhydhecochion_, from thence to Brynyfedw, from thence to
Ffynon oddiar, Llidiart leutun, from thence to a Mear Stone
in Rhos Wen, from thence to Nantysbytty, from thence to the
river Ferny w in straight line. The persons present in com-
pany; John Jones, Vicar of Pennant, Morris Evans, Clerk

y The Earl of Powis is Lord of the " Manor of St. John." Sir
Watkin W. Wynn, Bart, M.P., and Sir Edmund Buckley, Bart.,
M.P., claim manorial rights over an ancient traditional manor
carved out of the others, and called " Ffridd wyth Afon."

^ It appears from old maps, showing the manorial rights of the
Earl of Powis, that the parish of Llangower formerly abutted on
Llanwddyn in or near Moel Cerrig Geifr, but it does not so abut in
the present day, nor for the last sixty years, when there was a law-
suit to settle the boundaries of these and other parishes in Merion-
ethshire, and the verdict was given against Llanwddyn.

394

HISTORY OF THE

of Llanwddyn, Robert Evans, John Rhydderch, George Bur-
redge, Evan Roberts, Cadwaladr Roberts, John Evans, Thomas
David, Griffith David, Robert Rowland, Thomas Robert, David
Edward, David Robert,

3. The area of the parish is 19,500 statute acres,
divided into five townships, Tre'llan, Ysbytty, Rhiwar-
gor, Marchnad, and Garthbwlch, — and the acreage as
given in the Tithe Award is divided thus :

1,000 Acres of cultivated land subject to Tithe.
4,500 „ Meadow and pasture.
400 „ Woodland.
13,600 „ Common land subject to Tithe.

19,500

The whole quantity of land rated to the poor at the
present time, and in the year 1831, together with the
gross rental and rateable value of each township in the
years 1873 and 1331, is shown in the following table : —

Estimated
extent.

1873.
Gross
rental.

1873.

Rateable

value.

1831.
Gross
rental.

1831.
Rateable
value.

Township of
Rhiwargor
Marchnad
Tre 'r Han ...
Ysbytty
Garthbwlch ...

a. r. p.

2405 2 6
793 1 24
432 0 26

1736 0 21
684 2 32

£ s. d

696 0 0
382 5 0
519 5 0
4<>7 0 0
263 15 0

& «. d.
627 15 0
294 5 0
440 17 0
367 7 0
236 2 0

£ 8. d
698 0 0
297 5 0
320 0 U
424 15 0
217 0 0

j6 ». d.
232 13 4

99 1 8
106 13 4
141 11 8

72 6 8

Total

6057 3 29

2268 5 0

1966 6 (1

1957 0 0

652 6 8

The following list of farms is extracted from the
Valuation and ilate books 1873, with their estimated
extent, gross rental, and rateable value ; their owners'
names and the present occupiers. Columns 6 and 7
show the rateable value of such farms in the years 1824
and 1831.

PARISH OF LLANWDDYN.

395

1 o

Thomas Jones
Mary Erasmus
W. Williams and

Ed. Davies.
Richard Pugh
Ellis Edwards
Edward Hughes
Evan Richards
Mary Erasmus
Edward Davies
John Roberts
David Daviea

John Lloyd
John Gittins
Evan Hughes
Thomas Jones
Thos. Williams
C. and H. Lloyd
Elizabeth Owens
M. Roberts
Griffith Evans
W. Williams
Evan Jones
R. Hughes
R. Hughes
Edward Thomas
John Evans
R. V. Jones

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396

HISTORY OF THE

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John Williams
Evan Evans
Evan Edwards
Thomas Jones
Ellis Davies
T. Humphreys
T. Jervis

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Thomas Gittins
Elizabeth Jones
Ellis Edwards
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John Davies

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PARISH OF LLANWDDYN. 397

In the old assessments of 1824 and 1831 there are
no less than thirty small tenements rated to the poor^
and varying from £1 to £11^ which do not appear in
the l-ate-book of late years, but have been merged or
included in the several occupations now in the rate-
book by changing occupiers or owners. The total
rateable value of the parish in the year 1824 was only
£580, in the year 1881, £652 6s. 8d. ; last year and
this it has been increased to £1966 6s. Od. which is
more by £9 6s. Od. than the gross rental of the whole
parish in the year 1831.

In an old vestry book kept by the clerk in the
parish church about the commencement of the present -
century, three very curious tables appear, for the com-
puting of the rates payable on the several townships
within the parishes. Table No. 1, showing from one
farthing to one shilling in the pound how much the
rate comes to throughout the year. No. 2, for the
Ehiwargor, Marchnad, and Garthbwlch. No. 3, for
Tre'rllan and Ysbytty otherwise called Ysbytty and
Cowny. The latter name, that of Cowny, is often
quoted in the old registers as behig a separate town-
ship from Ysbytty, and we can only account for it thus,
that possibly as the farms and tenements in the im-
mediate neighbourhood of St. John's Hill, upon which
the old Hospitium once stood, which, doubtless, is the
origin of the name of that township, are on this side of
the hill and in the vale of Llanwddyn, while the other
farms that are called Cowny township are on the other
side of the hill, and in the little valley of the Cowny
river.

4. Scenery. — We cannot describe the scenery in
better language than it has been done by the pen of an
able writer who lately visited this parish.^ "At Aber-
marchnant the vale has the character of a pass, and is
very contracted, in some places not more than a couple
of chains length across, the hills on either side are
pretty and well wooded. Near Cynonisaf it expands
1 Mr. T. W. Hancock, Llanrhaiadr.

398 HISTORY OF THE

where a broad flat opens to view, which is bounded by
the mountains of Eunant and Rhiwargor. The average
width of the vale may be about three-quarters of a mile,
and its extent about six miles. The flatness from the
village to Eunant, to an eye untrained in observing
natural beauties, would be uninteresting, on account of
the morass like nature of the ground, which is also broken
up by many channels. But the tourist will be more than
compensated when he enters the inlet of Rhiwargor,
for here the scenery is at once changed as if by a magi-
cian's wand, and he is in the midst of scenery grand in
point of colour, boldness, and breadth, and picturesque
by its roughness and contrast of foliage and rock,
cascade, etc. The scenery is unquestionably good,
partaking fully of the character of the famed scenery
of Bettwsycoed in Carnarvonshire, and the district
can (without being challenged) properly be called
the Bettwsycoed of Montgomeryshire. The cascade
o{ Rliydy-meinciau on the river Iddew-fawr and Iddew-
fach, seen in the opening as approaching Bhiwargor
mansion, is notable, as are also * Nant-Uwynyn,' and
* Ceunant Moel Nant,' two cascades observable flowing
down like a chain of pearls. The beautiful veins of
quartz, like string-courses, are remarkable in Allty-
gribin." The scenery is not entirely confined to the
upper end of the parish, for in standing on the north-
east of St. John's Hill and looking north, we find the
beautiful little valley of Cedig, with all its variety of
objects, spread before us, the hills on each side covered
over with heather, and divided into kind of semicircles
by the green dingles and all the bright rivulets that
pass along them, and nowhere can the eye be tired with
sameness.

5. Geology. — The soil within the vale or the flat for
the most part is argillous, while on the side there is a
good depth of free working soil resting on a gravelly
substratum. The general depth of the upper soil in the
vale is about two feet, while the floor is wholly alluvial.
About one-third of the vale is kept under water for the

PARISH OF LLANWDDYN. 399

Imnter montlis for want of proper drainage, and is
thereby rendered useless for all agricultural purposes,
growing nothing but rushes and masses of alder groves.
One cannot but hope that this large tract of level land,
which, if properly drained, might be made the most
fertile and picturesque in this part of the country,
will, ere long, receive the attention of the owners,
the Earl of Powis, and Sir Edmund Buckley, Bart.,
M.P. The strata underlying the soil of the parish
embrace both the upper and lower Silurian develop-
ments. *' That part of the basin whereon lie Ysbytty and
Bhiwargor townships, rests on the upper Silurian in its
character of Denbighshire grit, having a marginal bed
between it and the lower Silurian, of Wenlock shale and
''Faranon or pale shale, which occupy the south side of
the valley along the slope as far as Heoly-ffridd, when
it may be again seen on the north side of the lands of
Ffinnant, Tymawr, and Llechwedd, and occupying the
whole slope along the western side of the Cedig river.
On the lands of Bryngwyn and Lletty r Eos a fault
may be seen, having the direction or bearing of east by
north. The townships Garthbwlch and Tre'rllan rest
in the lower Silurian strata, across which on the lands
of Bryn Melyn to the east of the farm house it is crossed
by a narrow bed of Bala limestone, running in a northerly
direction across the valley. On Cynonisa hill are beds
of felspathic ash, broken by a fault of about half a
mile in extent above Cynon farm in a south east direc-
tion. In the lower part of the township of Marchnad,
west of the township road and nearly parallel there-
with, is a narrow bed of Bala limestone situate on the
lands of Aber-Marchnant and Gwreiddie. A fault some-
what more than a mile in extent, runs across Bryngwyn-
bach and the Cedig stream up to the public road a little
above PwUybrwyn."

From time to time several attempts have been made
to discover lead ore on Cynonisa mountain, above
Llettyr 'Eos and Llwynyrhiw, but with no degree of
success. At the former works an enormous quantity of

400 HISTORY OF t5:e

sulphur is found all over the lode, running in veins of
two or three inches thick up to the surface. Probably
if a scientific miner examined these works and made a
general survey of the neighbouring rocks, the contents
of the lode might be partly ascertained at proper
depths of the workings, but hitherto it has been left in
the hands of non-capitalists, and therefore has never been
brought to an intelligible form. Above Heolylfridd
farm-stead are remains of Boman workings and a
quantity of scoriae is to be found.

A German named Hennings, who superintended the
Earl of Powis's works at Llangynog, was induced,
through superstitious tradition, to spend about £100
at a spot called '^Gwelywddyn," in a bootless search
for immense hidden treasures said to lie concealed in
Wddyn s bed.

Several slate quarries have been opened in the upper
end of the parish in years gone by, but for want of
funds have been abandoned. The one at Lluestwen
was opened in 1830, and discontinued without return-
ing much profit to the investors. Khiwargor, Gallt-
forgan, and Eunant have also been discontinued. The
last, between Eunant and Cwm Eunant, is now worked
at the sole cost of the present proprietor, Sir Edmund
Buckley, Bart.. The slate is the " dark clay," but
cleaved with a shaley vein, giving way when exposed
to the weather for some years. This fault, it is now
hoped, will disappear at proper depths, and we are
glad to say that the quality of the slate already
appears wonderfully improved.

There is some fine stone for building purposes to be
found above Bhiwargor, which bears dressing.

6. Rivers and Brooks. — It is not often we can meet
with a parish in England or Wales having so great a
number of streams originating and terminating within
its own boundaries as Llan wddyn. But it has one main
river into which all the others flow, the correct name of
which is difiicult to make "out, unless we take for our
authority the parishioners living in the district through

PARISH OF LLANWDDYN. 401

which it flows. The commonest name known in the
vernacular in the district is " Afon " and " Afon Llan-
wddyn" ; and if the inhabitants be questioned as to its
real name they will have it to be the " Vyrnwy proper,"
for that is the name given to it in old maps and documents
having reference to this neighbourhood many centuries
ago. In an old document dated a.d. 1204, being a grant
made by Gwenwynwyn Prince of Powys, of a portion
of the lordships of Mochnant-uwchrhaiadr to the monks
of the Cistercian Abbey at Strata Marcella, the river is
called by both names, that of Vyrnwy and Llanwddyn.
" In breadth from Keneuron to the river which is called
Evernoe and Llanwothin." {Cambrian Qaarterly, vol.
i, p. 328.)

' The Keneuron or Cynorion is a brook in the parish
of Llanrhaiadr-yn-Mochnant to the north-east of Llan-
wddyn, and this indicates that the grant of pasturage
to the monks would include the townships of Marchnad-
isa in the parish of Llanrhaiadr, and Marchnaducha
in the parish of Llanwddyn.

The river has also been called the Mechain} and
Traval^ but always in this parish and the neighbour-
hood, " Afon" or "Afon Llanwddyn " (Llanwddyn river)
in the vernacular, and when Englished it is called the
Vyrnwy,^ and henceforth we shall only make use of the
name that is popularly known in the district. This
distinct name is given to it first between Heolyffridd and
Tymawr after it has received the last of its principal

^ The author of the " History of Llansantffraid," in M.onL GoU.^
Vol. iv, p. 82, quotes a poet who calls this river Mechain.

" T' ucha 'r Rhiwargor mewn ochr Mae Mechen,
A'i fFrwd yn ddaoeraidd yii fFrydio 'r ddaiaren."
[Above Rhiwargor's steep, Mechen's cooling stream bursts forth.]

2 " Y drefwen rhwng Tren a Traval." — Llywarch Hen.

3 The eminent historian, the Rev. Walter Davies, in vol. iii, pp.
106, 107 of his works, handles this well, and has apparently settled
the question, that we prefer not introducing any further proofs of
this river being called Vyrnwy or the Northern Vyrnwy, but shall
be satisfied with the common name of " Afon Llanwddyn" (Llan-
wddyn River).

VOL. VI. D D

402 HISTORY OF THE

sources. These streams are eight m number, called
Hirddydd facli and Hirddydd faior, Eunant fach and
Eunant fawr, Iddew fawr and Iddew fach, Nadroedd
fawr and Nadroedd fach. The foregoing eight streams
encompass a large tract of land called and known by the
name of " Ffridd wyth afon/' the boundary of which was
the course of the Hirddydd fach on the south-east, and
Nadroedd fach on the north-west, and from north-west
to south-east the tracings of the old boundary fence is
yet to be seen ; the manor below which, and between
the two rivers, is traditionally believed to belong to the
manorial rights of Llanrhaiadr, and is at present the
property of Sir Edmund Buckley, Bart., the proprietor
of Bhiwargor and Eunant estates. I

The sources of the Llanwddyn river on the right sioo
of the valley are the Hirddydd fach and Hirddydd fawr,
Eunant fach and Eunant fawr. This last rises above .'
the famous pass of Bwlch y groes, and on the terminus
of Llanymawddwy, Llanuwchllyn, and Llanwddyn
parishes. The water also divides at the same spot into
three streamlets into the three diflPerent districts, Iddew
fawr and Iddew fach^ from Bwlch y Pawl and Craig
yr Ogof, Nadroedd fawr and Nadroedd fach. The* ;
" Nadroedd fawr " flows from between the Foelgarnedd
and Pant y pren, the " Nadroedd fach" from Foelgeifr.
These two, after their junction above Fedw-ddu, receive
Nant llwynto from Bryn fawnog and Boncyntrafaeliau,
and Afon Trafaeliau from Buthin. These two last, after
their union, are called Nant cwm lloi, they join the two |
Nadroedd near Fed w-ddu-Nant y galen, and Ceunant du '
from yr Eithin and Waenfawr to the Nadroedd by
Afon Andros, and also Nant sebon. The tributaries
to the Llanwddyn river in its further progress are on
the left hand Ceunant Moel Nant, Nant y garneddwen.
The Cedig (which flows from the Berwyn hills); this

1 Called thus from the fact of there being a quantity of ground
ivy growing on its banks. The epithets, "fach and mawr," (small
and great) are now reversed, for the very reason that these and the
two succeeding ones are the principal streams, and bear their names
till after the junction of the others.

PARISH OF LLANWDDYN. 403

has a very numerous family of affluents, each one bear-
ing a distinct name ; they are Nant cerrig geifr, Nant
pant llidiart, Nant rhydyrhydd, Nant Maesgwyn, Nant
y Murddyn Ilwyd, Nant y griolen, Ceunant croes, Nant
y lidil, Nant y ifosgoch, Nant cyrnau nod, Nant y
frithgraigwen, Nant y fuwchfoel, Nant cerrig y moch,
Nant y criafol alias Nant y diafol, Nantblaenycaeau,
Nant y noddfa, Nant yr iar, and Nant y ffridd. Cynon
river, Nant lachar, Abermarchnant, receiving the
Glascwm and Nant Einion.

The tributaries on the right bank are Ceunant du,
Ceunant pistyll, Ceunant croes, Afon Cowney, receiving
Nant y ddwy worn called also Nant y ceunant du, from
St. John's hill, Nant Brynadda, Nant Maescarneddau,
and Cry gn ant, all rising in St. John's hill. Besides the
above, the number of streamlets issuing from inde-
pendent springs, and having deep channels, are exceed-
ingly numerous, and each one bearing a distinct local
name. They are all rapid streams, having, on their
short and steep courses, always a good supply of water
in their beds.

Wells. — ''Ffynonpwllyrhwch" otherwise " Ffynonpwll
y wrach," and Ffynon y myneich " on St. John's hill,
the last near the old Hospitium, " Ffynon Dwgan".

7. Natural loroductions of the Parish and-its fame. — ■
The agricultural produce of the parish must be but
scanty, for upwards of £1,000 is paid annually by the
inhabitants through the various provision dealers for
flour only, imported from the market town of Llanfyllin
and its neighbourhood. Barley and oats are the grains
chiefly grown, together with a small quantity of wheat
on the larger. farms, as well as potatoes, swedes, and
turnips for their own consumption. A good deal more
of the land was under' cultivation some centuries ago;
and within the memory of the present generation, it is
said to have been a notvery uncommon occurrence to meet
a farmer from the parish in the market, offering, it
might be, fifty bags of oats, or thirty of barley, which

D D 2

404 HISTORY OF THE

could not possibly be done at the present time. The
farmers give twofold reasons for this change.

a. That the season for ripening and harvesting white
crops must always be late, short, and uncertain, while
grazing is found to be far less expensive.

h. That they save all the cartage of lime, and dispense
with a vast deal of manual labour, which, in the present
day, is absolutely impossible to obtain. But possibly
the nature of the soil, combined with the climate, makes
it quite as favourable for grazing, if not more so than
for cultivation.

Birds. — Those that we have noticed, are the follow-
ing : — The kite, sparrow hawk, barn owl, the little
brown owl, raven, crow, rook, jackdaw, magpie, ring
dove or wood pigeon, water owzel, peewit, snipe, wild
duck, ph(^asant, the red grouse, the partridge, common
thrush, blackbird, sparrow, robin, wren, skylark, wood-
lark, and the finches, etc., etc.

Fish. — Trout and chubs are the most frequent, and
occasionally a salmon has been observed and taken here.
It is not often pikes and salmon can ascend so high up
on account of the numerous weirs on the river.

Fame. — This parish has been for many years famous
for its fine breed of the hardy Welsh sheep, of a larger
size than is usually found in the uplands of Montgomery-
shire. The sheep-walks of the larger farms are very
extensive ; those of Ehiwargor, Eunant, Galltforgan,
and Cedig, having, upon an average, more than 2,000
sheep each. Some of the old Montgomeryshire pure
breed of the black (smoky faced) horned cattle may be
found here also.

II. — POPULATION.

The village is the small centre of the population ; it
is situated on the northern side of the vale, about the
centre of the parish, in the township of Tre r llan, and
contains thirty-six inhabited houses. The population,
according to the census returns, stood as follows :

PARISH OF LLANWDDYN.

405

Years.

1801

1811

1821

1831

1841

1851

1861

273

256
529

1871

Males ....
Females .

Total . .

127
116
243

241

227
468

272
258
530

399
269
668

303
290
593

279
241
520

230
213
443

The following table shows the number of houses in-
habited and uninhabited at the time of the census re-
turns :

1831

1841

1851

1661

1861

1871

Inha-
bited

Unin-
habited

Build-
ing.

Inha-
bited

Unin-
habited

Build-
ii'g.

Inha
biied.

Unin-
habited

Build-
ing.

[.lh8-

bited

Unin-
habited

Build
ing.

Inha-
bited

Unin-
habited

Build-
ing.

109

127

••

110

••

111

The principal ancient houses are Eunant, Rhiwargor,
Gallt-forgan, and Cynonisa ; these were occupied for
generations by gentlemen having long pedigrees and
high standing. The inhabitants are wholly of the
agricultural and pastoral class, with the exception of
the essentially necessary tradesmen connected with a
country district.

Age of Old Folk — "We find in this parish remarkable
instances of longevity. About two years ago there were
no less than 21 persons over 75 years of age within sound
of the church bell, varying in their ages from 75 to
102, and last year 13 were buried, making an average
of 82 years, or the total of 1,066. In the churchyard
is to be seen an old tombstone of Lewis Evans of
Llechwedd-du, who died March 17th, 1784, 113 years
of age ; the same stone notes the death of his wife at
the age of 96 years. The parish register records the
death of Mary Rowland, widow, August 18th, 1787, at
the age of 101, and 18 entries of 90 and upwards;
121 of 80 years of age and upwards, 'i he oldest inha-
bitant in the parish was buried last year at Dolgelley;
his reputed age was 104, and we are satisfied, from the
account given by his friends, that he must have been over
1 00 years at the least. His name was Shon Owain (John
Owen), a native of Llanfachreth in Merionethshire, and

406 THE PARISH OF LLANWDDYN.

he had Hved for some years in this parish as a lodger
with the farmer at Cwm Eunant. We often had the
pleasure of conversing with the old man during the last
year of his life, and his memory appeared to be very
bright. He more than once stated that he never in his
life earned more than 2s. 6d. in one day, and his wealth
at the time of his death was something like £2,000, all
laid out to good advantage. The oldest inhabitant now
living is Mrs. Hughes of Hoel y ffridd, who is 93 years
old, in good health, and having all her mental faculties
about her, but has lost her eyesight about two years ago.
There are several now living between 80 and 90 years
following their occupation. The old butcher and carrier
to Llanfyllin, Ellis Morris, although above 80 years of
age, regularly follows the horse and cart through all
weathers; he seldom if ever has had a day's illness, and
boasts that the only medicine he ever took was a pint or
two of home-brewed ale, spiced and warmed. The prin-
cipal diet of all the old people consists of mutton broth,
porridge, gruel and milk, and they will not have the
simple diet of their fathers spoiled for the dainties of
life now common among us.

The agriculture of the parish is as forward as any of
the neighbouring parishes. The modern kind of imple-
ments are adopted by the large farmers. Their general
custom and routine of cropping is as follows — grass
land ploughed down, 1, oats ; 2, oats ; 3, potatoes and
turnips ; 4, wheat ; 5, barley and rye grass.

The first person known to have introduced a system-
atic method of draining here was Lewis Jones, Esq., of
Cynonisa, in the years 1794 and 1795.

In its excellent sheep walks we might say that the
wealth of this parish consists, and they always receive
the best attention of the tenant.

The fuel of the district is turf, which is obtained
for harvesting it and the carriage down from the large
turbaries on the mountain about a mile and a half from
the village. Most of the farmers and cottagers use
little else.

{To be continued.)

PROCESSIONAL CROSS,

Probably of tlie x\th Century ^
FOUND IN aUILSFIELD CHXTRCH7ABD.

1873.

( MOhfT COLL-VOLVI.P.A-Ol.)

407

PEOCESSIONAL CEOSS

FOUND IN GUILSFIELD CHURCHYARD.

In April, 1873, whilst a grave was being dug in the
west side of the churchyard of the parish of Guilsfield,
a very interesting relic was brought to light. At the
depth of about a foot below the surface a cross was
found. It is composed of brass, and bears signs of
having been gilt. It is of the elegant shape of a C7'oss
fleury, the top and each arm of the cross ending in a
fleur-de-lis, and the surface being chased with some rude
but not inelegant designs. On one side is a represent-
ation of the crucifixion : the feet are placed one over
the other, so that one nail would pierce both feet ;
from this circumstance, it is thought that the cross is
of the period of the fourteenth century, when it was
usual so to represent the feet of our Saviour when
hanging on the cross. The ends of the fleur-de-lis and
the reverse side of the cross are chased with a simple
floral design.

The cross is four inches and three-quarters in height,
exclusive of the screw (one and one-eighth inches long)
with which it was evidently affixed to the top of the
staff* or pole ; the breadth from the extremity of one
arm of the cross to the other is three inches and three-
eighths. It is one-sixteenth of an inch thick. The
engraving represents it in its full size, and the reverse
of the centre and one arm is separately figured, and

408 PROCESSIONAL CROSS.

gives a correct idea of the ornamentation of that side
of the cross.

It is generally thought to be a cross which has been
used in ecclesiastical processions in pre-reformation
times.

409

HfiRBERTTANA.^

Before proceeding to the Lords Herbert of Chirbury,
we think a notice of the parents of the first Lord of that
line will be appropriate.

RiCHAED Herbert, Esq.

Richard Herbert, Esq., of Montgomery Castle, son of
Edward, Sheriff of the County in a.d. 1557,*^ was a
worthy scion of the distinguished race from which he
sprang. He was the first of his family to connect the
house of Herbert with the princely line of Powys, by
marrying Magdalene Newport, daughter of Sir Richard
Newport of High Ercall, co. Salop, a descendant of
Wenwynwyn, prince of Upper Powys, and representa-
tive of his younger grandson, William ap Griffith, Lord
of Mawddy and Caer-Einion, who, on the death of his
uncle, Madoc Goch ap Wenwynwyn, without male
issue, became heir to his titles and domains.^ He was
conspicuous for his physical advantages and mental
endowments. He was black-haired and bearded, of a
manly or somewhat stern look, but withal very hand-
some and compact in his limbs. His reputation for
courage, judgment, hospitality, and benevolence is trans-
mitted in the laudatory pages of his eldest son's auto-
biography, and of Isaac Walton, and his memory remains
ever green in the church, which he used to attend, from
the elaborate monument of himself and his family, in
the Lymore chancel of Montgomery church, of which

^ Continued from supra^ p. 206.

2 Mont. Coll., vol. iii, p. 365.

3 Burke's Landed Gentry, vol. i, p 605, "Hughes of Gwerclas."

410 HERBERTIANA.

we are enabled to give an engraving, and wliicli has
been thus described : —

" In the south transept, or Lymore chancel^ which is sepa-
rated from the church by two finely-pointed arches, is a
splendid monument to the memory of Richard Herbert, Esq.,
and Magdalene his wife, in which are the recumbent effigies
of the former in complete armour, and of the latter by his side
on an altar tomb, in the front of which are representations of
their seven sons and three daughters in a kneeling posture,
and under the tomb is the figure of Richard, wrapt in his
winding sheet/^

The following inscription is placed upon his monu-
ment.

" Here lyeth the Body of Richard Herbert, Esquire, whoso
Monument was made at the Cost of Magdalen his wife, daughter
of Sir Richard Newport, of High Ercall, in the County of
Salop, Knight, deceased, and Dame Margaret his wife, daughter
and Sole heir to Sir Thomas Bromley, Knight, late Lord Chief
Justice of England, one of the Executors of the late Kinge of
most famous memory, Kinge Henry the VIII. — Ano. Dom.
1600."

He was Gustos Rotulorum, Deputy Lieutenant, and
Justice of the Peace for the County, and possessed of a
highly important post in the governorship of the strong
fortress of Montgomery, where he kept up considerable
state. He enjoyed the family estates four years,
from 1592 to 1597, and died comparatively early in
life, leaving behind him a large family of a very
tender age, and anticipating a speedy increase. His
youngest son, Thomas, was a posthumous child. He
left no will, or such an imperfect one, that it was not
proved.

Magdalene, wife of Hichard Herbert, Esq., of Mont-
gomery Castle.

The development of the great qualities of the children
is often traceable to the judicious training of their
mother, and this rule holds good in respect of Magdalene
Newport, wife of Eichard Herbert, Esq., of Montgomery

HERBERTIANA. 411

Castle, and the mother of three distinguished sons.
She was the youngest daughter of Sir Richard Newport,
Esq., of High Ercall, the largest landed proprietor of
his time in the county of Salop, and descended, through
the eldest daughter of Sir John Burgh, from the reign-
ing princes of Powys-land. Her mother was Margaret
Bromley, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Bromley, a
member of the privy council, and an executor of the
will of King Henry the Eighth. She was the happy
mother of seven sons and three daughters, and used to
say, that "she had Job's number,^ and Job's distribution
of them". Admirable in all the relations of life, after
the untimely death of her husband in 1597, she strove
to supply his place to her youthful charge, and accom-
panied her eldest son, afterwards Lord Herbert of
Chirbury, to Oxford, on purpose to watch over his
education, and continued with him four years, managing
her influence with such control, and compliance with
the recreation and pleasures of youth, as inclined him
to spend much of his time in her company. Moreover,
her lively, but innocent wit, and obliging behaviour,
gained her many acquaintances and friendships with
persons of eminent worth or learning in that Univer-
sity. When she had seen all her children settled in the
world, she accepted as her second husband Sir John
Danvers, brother and presumptive heir to Henry, Earl
of Danby, w^ho highly valued her person, manners, and
the most excellent endowments of her mind, and enter-
tained a fathers tenderness and forethought for her
children. To her, as a new year's gift from Cambridge,
was addressed the beautiful sonnet of her son George,
setting forth the chief objects of poetry.

" My God, where is that ancient heat towards thee.
Wherewith whole shoals of martyrs once did burn.
Besides their other flames?"

Her influence w^as exerted for his selection of the
clerical profession, and she displayed a timely prudence

1 Walton's Life of George IlerherL

412 HERBERTIANA.

in cautioning him against the great outlay, which his
liberality and piety suggested in the architectural im-
provements of his church of Leighton Ecclesia Hunts.
Sending for him from London to Chelsea, where she
then dwelt, she said, '* George, I sent for you to per-
suade you to commit simony, by giving your patron as
good a gift as he has given to you, namely, that you
give him back his prebend, for, George, it is not for your
weak body, and empty purse, to undertake to build
churches." On his return, after a day's consideration,
he first desired her blessing, and his next request was,
that she would, at the age of thirty-three years, allow
him to become an undutiful son ; for he had made a
vow to God that, if he were able, he would rebuild that
church. He then showed her such reasons for his re-
solution, that she readily subscribed to the project, and
obtained a contribution of £50 from the Earl of Pem-
broke. Her virtues are celebrated in other lays, besides
those of her gifted son George ; for the pious and
learned Dr. Donne, Dean of St. Paul's, London, de-
dicated to her his hymns, accompanied by the following
sonnet : —

To the Lady Magdalen Herhert, of St. Mary Magdalen.

'' Her of your name, whose fair inheritance

Bethina was, and jointure Magdalo,
An active faith so highly did advance.

That she once knew more than the church did know.
The resurrection ; so much good there is

Delivered of her, that some fathers be
Loth to believe one woman could do this;

But think, these Magdalenes were two or three :
Increase their number, Lady, and their fame :

To their devotion add your innocence ;
Take so much of th' example, as of the name.

The latter half, and in some recompense^
That they did harbour Christ himself a guest.

Harbour these hymns to his dear name address'd/'

She had supplied the Dean, when a poor struggling
man, with a wife and family dependent upon him, with

HERBERTIANA. 413

>ecuniary aid, and honoured him with her friendship,
^and, in the fuhiess of a grateful heart, he eulogises the
'charm of the expression of her features, and the affability
and tact of her manners.

'' No spring, nor summer beauty has such grace.
As I have seen in an autumnal face.
In all her words, to every hearer fit.
You may at revels or at council sit.''

Her merits are eulogised in the elegy which bears
[the name of The Autumnal Beauty.

For twelve years she remained the happy wife of
ISir John Da.nvers, at the end of which term she expe-
[rienced severe sufferings, which her husband and
children strove to alleviate by their kindness and
sympathy. Her affectionate son George bore his tes-
timony to the purity of her character and her maternal
excellence. *' For myself, dear mother", he wrote, I
always feared sickness more than death, because sick-
In ess has made me unable to perform those offices, for
[which I came into the world, and must yet be kept in
Bt ; but you are freed from that fear, who have already
fabimdantly discharged that part, having both ordered
[your family, and so brought up your children, that they
pave attained to the years of discretion and competent
maintenance, so that now, if they do not well, the fault
cannot be charged on you, whose example and care of
them will justify you both to the world and your own
conscience ; insomuch that, whether you turn your
thoughts on the life past, or on the joys that are to
come, you have strong preservations against all disquiet."
Sincerely beloved and respected by a large circle of
relatives and friends, she died July 11th, 1627, and was
buried in the parish church of Chelsea, and Dr. Donne,
whilst preaching her funeral sermon, could not refrain
from tears, at the recollection of all her kindnesses and
virtues. The sermon was published along with the
" Parentalia", or Greek and Latin verses by George
Herbert, in which he expatiates on the estimable

414 HERBERTIANA.

qualities of his mother, and declares that, if in his
sorrows he should be melted into ink, the dark stream
would be insufficient to record the extraordinary praises
due to the memory of his parent.

The following letter of Dr. Donne records his sense
of obligation to Mrs. Herbert.

To the worthiest Lady, Mrs. Magdalen Herbert.

Madam, — As we must die, before we can have full glory and
happiness, so before I can have this degree of it, as to see you
by a letter, I must also die, that is, come to London, to plaguy
London : a place full of danger, and vanity, and vice, though
the court be gone. And such it will be, till your return redeem
it. Not that the greatest virtue in the world, which is you,
can be such a marshal as to defeat or disperse all the vice of
this place ; but as higher bodies remove, or contract them-
selves, when better come, so at your return, we shall have one
door open to innocence. Yet, Madam, you are not such an
Ireland, as produceth neither ill nor good ; no spiders nor
nightingales ; which is a rare degree of pei:fection. But you
have found and practised that experiment, that even nature,
out of her detesting of happiness, if we will make that our
work, to remove bad, will fill us with good things. To abstain
from it, was, therefore, but the childhood and minority of your
soul, which had been long exercised since in your manlier
active part of doiug good. Of which, since I have been a
witness and subject, not to tell you sometimes, that by your
influence and example, I have attained to such a step of good-
ness, were both to accuse your power and judgment, of impo-
tency and infirmity.

Your Ladyship's in all services,

August 2, 1607. John Donne.

The children of Richard and Magdalene Herbert
were, Edward, afterwards Lord Herbert of Chirbury ;
Kichard, a brave soldier in the Low Countries, buried at
Bergen-op-Zoom ; William, engaged in the military
profession in Denmark ; Charles, Fellow of New Col-
lege, Oxford, a scholar of great promise, but died young;
George, the poet and divine ; Sir Henry, the courtier
and devoted royalist ; Thomas, a posthumous child, a
distinguished officer by sea and land, buried in London,
in St. Martin's, near Charing-cross ; Elizabeth, the wife of

HERBEKTIANA. 415

Sir Henry Jones, of Abbemarles, Co. Montgomery,
and mother of a son and two daughters; she suf-
fered from- a long illness of fourteen years, and was
buried in a church near Cheapside ; Margaret, the wife of

ohn Vaughan, son and heir to Owen Yaughan, of
[Llwydiarth, and mother of three daughters ; and Frances,
.the wife of Sir John Brown, a Lincolnshire knight. To
oblige his mother, as well as such near relatives, the
eldest son consented to give his brothers £30 apiece
[yearly, during their lives, and to each of his sisters

1,000 apiece.

Edwaed, first Lord Herbert of Chirbury.

The autobiography of this illustrious man is so well
known that it will be needless to quote it here. It will
suffice, and perhaps be more appropriate, to quote a
-short account of him, from the pen of his descendant and
representative, the President of the Powj^s-land Club.

In 1860, Edward James, the present Earl of Powis,
privately printed a work by Edward, Lord Herbert of
Chirbury, entitled The Expedition to the Isle of Rhe
(of which only a Latin edition had been pubHshed), and
dedicated and presented the volume to the members of
the Philobiblon Society. The following extracts are
taken from the introduction written by his Lordship
to this volume.^

" Edward liord Herbert of Chirbury was eldest son of
Richard Herbert, of Montgomery Castle, and Magdalen,
daughter of Sir Richard Newport, of High Ercall, in the county
of Salop. He was born 1581. He says, in his life, that he
was entered at University College, Oxford, when twelve years
old. In the Register of Matriculations of the University his
name appears during the time that Dr. Lilley was Yice-Chan-
cellor, July 1595-96, and his age is stated to be fourteen.
He was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King
James I, 1603; appointed ambassador to France, 1619 ; cre-

^ It also contains ten genealogical tables of the different branches
of the Herbert family, prepared in a skilful and lucid manner, so as
to show clearly the ramifications of the family.

416 HERBERTIANA.

ated Lord Herbert of Castle Island, in the peerage of Ireland,
December 31st, 1624; and Lord Herbert of Chirbury, in the
peerage of England, May 17tli, 1629. He married, February
28th, 1598, Mary, daughter and heir of Sir William Herbert,
knight, of St. Julian's, in the County of Monmouth, and had
issue Richard, second lord ; Edward, who died unmarried ; and
Beatrix, who died unmarried. He was descended from Sir
Richard Herbert, brother of Sir William Herbert, first Earl of
Pembroke of the first creation, 1468, from whose third son^ Sir
George Herbert of St. Julian's, his wife was descended. He
died August 20th, 1648, aged sixty-seven, and was buried in
the church of St. G-iles's-in-the-Fields. Notices of his family
will be found in Collinses Peerage and Burke's Extinct and
Dormant Peerages, 1809 ; and of his works in Walpole's Royal
and Nohle Authors. There are eleven volumes of his manu-
scripts in the library of Jesus College, Oxford, an account of
which is given in Coxe's ^ Catalogue of All the Manuscripts
in the Colleges and Halls at Oxford\... Printed at the Univer-
sity Press, 1852, two volumes, 4to. There is a biographical
notice of Lord Herbert in the library of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, by William Fulman, cccvii, 49.

" Lord Herbert's autobiography was privately printed by
Horace Walpole^ Earl of Orford, at Strawberry Hill, 1764,
Three subsequent editions were printed. The second edition
was published 1770, and was followed by a third and fourth
edition. An edition was printed at Edinburgh by Bannatyne
in 1809, and in London by Saunders and Otley in 1826.''

Lord Herbert's account of his own marriage, perhaps,
should not be omitted, as it bears upon the policy of
the Herberts of preserving the estates in the family by
intermarriages.

*' Shortly after I was sent again to my studies in Oxford,
where I had not been long, but that an overture for a match
with the daughter and heir of Sir William Herbert of St.
Gillians was made, the occasion whereof was this : Sir Wil-
liam Herbert being heir male to the old Earl of Pembroke,
above mentioned, by a younger son of his (for the eldest son
had a daughter who carried away those great possessions the
Earl of Worcester now holds in Monmouthshire), having only
one daughter surviving, made a will whereby he entailed all
possessions in Monmouthshire and Ireland upon his said
daughter, upon conditions she married one of the surname of
Herbert, otherwise the said lands to descend to the heirs male

HERBERTIANA. 417

the said Sir William and his daughter to have only a small
>ortion out of the lands he had in Anglesea and Carnarvon-
shire. His lands being thus settled, Sir William died shortly
ifterwards * *

" His daughter and heir called Mary, after her father died,
jontinued unmarried till she was one and twenty, none of the
.erberts appearing in all that time who, either in age or for-
June, was fit to match her. About this time I had attained
the age of fifteen, and a match at last being proposed, yet,
lotwithstanding the disparity of years betwixt us, upon the
jight and twentieth of February, 1598, in the house of Eyton,
'here the same vicar who married my father and mother
christened and married me, I espoused her/-*

Sir Edward Herbert was made one of the Council
"of King James I for military affairs, in which office he
^ave such proofs of his abilities, that he was sent as
ambassador and commissioner in a.d. 1619 to sign the
treaty of alliance between King James and Lewis
XIII.

The following were the instructions given him by
James the First, the original of which are preserved at
Powis Castle :

James R,

Instruc* cons for our trustie and icell-heloved servant Sir Edward
Herbert, Knight, onr Ambassador with the French King.

Having occasion at this present to employ some person of
specialle quality, judgment, discretion and trust to reside as
our ambassador with our good brother the French king, we
have, out of our princely favour, been pleased to make choice
of you as of one whom we hold in all respects sufficient and
capable of such an employment, and of whose fidelity and
zealous affecc'on to our service we have ever entertayned a
gratious opinion.

There be not many particulars that we have to give you in
charge by way of instrucc'n, nor shall it be greatly needfull if
you observe but this one generall end, and thereunto apply
you endevors, which is, to give that king the best assurance
you may from time to time of our brotherly friendship and
affecc^on towards him, letting him know that to this purpose
principally we have sent you as our ambassador to reside near
his person ; and you may tell him further that howsoever by
the means of all instruments and ministers there hath been of

VOL. VI. E E

418 HERBERTIANA.

late some misunderstanding between us, yet nevertheless there
could never enter into our heart the least sparke of ill affecc'on
towards him, as on the other side this last honor and courtisy
that he hath done us by sending hether a gentleman so quali-
fied and everyway accomplished as is the Marquis of Tresnel,
and that so timely to declare his condolence with us for the
death of our late dearest wife the queen, hath imprinted in us
that certaine persuasion and assurance of his reciprocall friendship
towards us, we thereupon being very unwilling to be prevented
in courtisy or in doing that honor which we desired, have made
all the hast that possibly we might to dispatch you away unto
him before any ordinary embassador should come from thence
unto us.

And because the meaning is not to be wanting in any good
oflSce which may testify the reality of our professions unto him,
you shall let him know that we, understanding of the troubles
in governing his kingdom is at this present embroyled have
given the order, as well out of our singular love unto him as
also in regard of the promise wee made to the king his father
of happy memory to offer him in our name the best assistance
that we can afford him, either by our faithful advice or other-
wise, whensoever he shall have at any time occation or use of
our help, and shall think fit to signify so much unto us.

Next you shall take notice of the great obligation we have
unto him, and give him thanks accordingly for the true sense
he hath of our present griefe and aflfliiction by reason of the
queen's death, our dearest wife, as his embassador (the Marquis
of Tresnel) hath expressed the same unto us, assuring him
that, for our part, we cannot be less sensible of any thing that
may befall him, but must be equally affected, either with joy
or sorrow, as the subject shall give cause, neither may you
omitt to perform the like ceremony unto the queen.

And hereupon you may take a fitt occasion to congratulate
with him in our name for the marriage of his sister, Madame
Chrestienne, with the Prince of Piemont, to which alliance we
wish all honour and happiness, as well for the interest which
the king hath therein of himself, as also in respect of the sin-
gular affecc'on we bear unto the House of Savoy, and the
strict amity which is betwixt us and that duke at this present.

Lastly, whereas it was agreed and concluded by a treaty
dated the 19th of August, in the year 1610, betwixt certain
commissioners appointed on our part, and Le Sieur de la Bo-
derie, then ambassador for the French king, residing here with
us on behalf of the king his master, that forasmuch as the
sayd king was at that time in his minority, he should therefore

HERBERTIANA. 419

afterwards, when he came to be major, take a solemn oath for
the observation of all things conteyned in the said treaty, being
thereunto duly required by a ambassador sufficyently autho-
rised for such a purpose. We have to that end enabled you,
by a commission under our greate scale of England in his
name, to require and to take the sayd oath, hereby willing and
commanding you to see the same effected according to your
commission in such due manner and form as is usuall in like
cases.

1th May, 1619. Geo. Calvert.

After a continuance of two years at the French court
he received private instructions from England to medi-
ate, if possible, a peace for those of the reformed reli-
gion, who at that time were besieged in several placee.
With that object in view he had an audience of the
Duke de Luines, Constable of France, and high in the
favour of his monarch.

Luines had hidden behind the curtain two gentlemen
of the reformed religion, who, as ear-witnesses of the
interview, were to report to their friends the faint hopes
which were to be obtained from the intercession of the
King of England. But Luines had mistaken the cha-
racter of the ambassador, who fulfilled his trust with
candour and an undaunted spirit, so that the Constable
remarked that if he were not the ambassador, he should
know how to use him, but received the immediate reply
from Sir Edward, that while he was the ambassador of
the King of Great Britain he was also a gentleman, and
that his sword would do him justice if he had any
offence.

In consequence of this fracas Sir Edward Herbert was
recalled in 1621, but on his return he gave such an
honourable account of his employment, that he was sud-
denly sent back on the same embassy.

In 1623 he again received "letters of recall,'' of which
the following is a copy : —

James R.

Trustie and well beloved we grete you well, we having, upon
further deliberation, found good to call you from that service

E E 2

420 HERBERTIANA.

you are now in, we have signified so much by our letters to
that king, which we send you herewith to bee delivered unto
him, for as we having employed thither with other commission
our right trustie and well beloved cousin and counsellor, the
Earle of Carlisle, and our right trustie and well beloved the
Lord Kensington, we doe require you to present them to that
king at their first audience, and so to take your leave and
return unto us with what convenient speed you ma}''. Given
at our court at Theobalds the 14th day of April, in the one
and twentieth yeare of our reigne of England, France and
Ireland, and of Scotland the seven and fiftieth.
To our trustie and wel beloved Sir Edward

Herbert, Knight, an Embassador resident

with our good Brother the French King,

Upon his return the king for his managing his em-
bassy "with such fidehty and prudence" created him a
baron of Ireland, by the title of Lord Herbert of Castle
Island, by letters patent, dated 31st December, 1625 ;
and he received a grant of supporters to the ancient
shield of his family, viz., a lion arg. powdered with
roses of England and a lion az. powdered with fleurs-
de-lis of France.^ Afterwards he continued in France,
returning from his embassy in the reign of Charles I,
and " approving himself to that king a most faithful
servant as well in council as in arms" (as the patent re-
cites) was created an English peer by the title of Lord
Herbert of Chirbury on 7th May, 1629.

Lord Herbert commenced his autobiography when he
was past sixty, and it seems only to report the chron-
icles of his life to his forty-third year. A short supple-
ment, therefore, of his latter years will be appropriate,
and herein his correspondence will assist us.

In 1636 Lord Herbert passed through Shrewsbury,
and was complimented by the Corporation in the dis-
play of hospitality frequently dispensed to visitors of
distinction. The chronicle of Salop thus records the
visit : —

" 1636, November 22, spent on my Lord Castell Is-

1 Mont. Coll, vol. V, p. 165. •

HERBERT IAN A. 421

lande, four pottles claret 55. id. Two ditto sack 45.
Two dozen fine cakes." Lord Herbert was designated
by bis Irish title, after be was raised to tbe Englisb
peerage.

In a letter written to bis brotber in 1643 be speaks
of bis great debility.

" Sir Henry, — The business I intended by you I have dis-
patched another way. I am thinkinge of a journey to the
Spaw, but I doubt how I shall be able to go, my body being
more infirme then to endure any labour. And let me assure
you, I find myselfe grown older in this one year than in fifty-
nine yeares before; which as it is true, I should bee glad were
known among the best of those, to whom you go. I shall
pray for a good and speedy end to all those troubles, and in
particular that God would guide those who are now met. And
here I must remember that of all of us, there remains now but
I and you to brother it. I pray you remember my kind love
to your lady, and all yours. So I rest

" Your faithfull loving brother

'' Mossley C. lUh June, 1643. ''Herbert.

''To the right worthy Sir Henry Herbert, Knight, at his
house near Bewdley, Ribsford, S. S.'^

Tbis was followed in ten days by anotber letter : —

" Sir Henry, — For the good offices you ever done mee, I thank
you. But why thereupon you should fall upon your old whet-
tinge, I marvaille. I had rather for my parte forget all un-
kinde passages then remember them, so as to send you a for-
giveness for them. If Richard Whittingham sent you word
(as he told mee) of the condition of the two parkes, you would
take nothing unkindly, especially when I wished him to tell
you, that if you sent a gelding thither, he should be welcome.
But here also you may remember the old answer. If you will
not take it unkindly that I denied you a courtesy, I will not
take it unkindly that you asked it.

" Good brother, use no more close repetitions ; and now I
grow old and infirme, do not add affliction and discomforts to

" Your faithful loving brother

''June 24, 1648. "E. Herbert.

" To the right worthy Sir H. Herbert, at Oxford."

In tbe following letter, written apparently from Mont-
gomery Castle, Lord Herbert details tbe exigencies of
tbe times proceeding from tbe civil war, tbe scarcity

422 HERBERTIANA.

and deamess of provisions at Shrewsbury, the ordinary
niai-ket for supply, and discloses his fear of worse pri-
vations.

" Sir Henry, — Thougli the messenger brought no letter from
you to myselfe, yet because hee tould me you were well, the
welcome news thereof in these troublesome times invites me
to congratulate it with you. If it had pleased R. Witingham
to have tould you, that I had stone horses in my lower parke,
and no grass in my upper parke (as he tould me he would),
there had been no occasion for you to demand that I could not
conveniently do ; but if you send a gelding or two untill
Michaelmas, they shall bee received. Wee are here almost in
as great straits as if the warre were amongst us. Shrewsbur}^,
which is our ordinary magazine, being exhausted of wine,
vinegar, hops, paper, and pepper at four shillings the pound ;
and shortly a want of all commodities, that are not natives
with us, will follow, the intercourse between us and London
being interdicted.

" My dear and only brother, I wish you all health and hap-
piness, and so rest, though much broken in my health.
" Your faithfuU lovinge brother,

'' 2otli August, 16 A3. " E. Herbert.

" My kind remembrance to your lady, and children."

His conduct during the arduous conflict of Charles
I with his Parliament is justly open to animadversion.

In the year 1644 the strong Castle of Montgomery
was said to be in jeopardy through the lukewarmness
or wavering affections of the owner, ^ Lord Herbert of
Chirbury. Prince Rupert requested that eccentric no-
bleman's attendance at Shrewsbury, but he excused
himself in the following brief note : —

"May it please your most excellent Highness, — I shall
humbly crave to tell your Highness, that though I have the
ambition to kiss your most valorous and princely hands, yet
because I am newly entered into a course of physic, I do
humbly desire to be excused for the present : beseeching your
Highness nevertheless to hold me in your former good opinion
and favour, since I am your Highness' most humble and obe-
dient servant,

"E. Herbert.

'* Montgomery Castle, August 23, 1644."

^ Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers. By Eliot Warburton.

HERBERTIANA.

423

But a few days afterwards he surrendered the castle
to the Koundheads under the command of Sir Thomas
Myddelton, and was entrusted in turn with the com-
mand of the Parliamentary garrison.

An army of four thousand royalists, under the com-
mand of Lord Byron, soon after Lord Herbert's defec-
tion, approaching Montgomery, compelled the forces
under Sir Thomas Myddelton to make a precipitate re-
treat to Oswestry, leaving Lord Herbert with a weak
garrison, but ill supplied with ammunition and provi-
sions. The royalists immediately laid siege to the
castle, but Sir Thomas Myddelton, being strengthened
with a reinforcement under the conduct of William
Brereton, Sir John Meldrum, and Sir Thomas Fairfax,
immediately marched to its relief. A general engage-
ment now became inevitable, in which the Parliamen-
tarians obtained after an arduous conflict a decisive
victory.

Lord Herbert's double offence of disloyalty and breach
of trust in the surrender of Montgomery Castle cannot
be defended, and admits of but little extenuation. The
inconsistent peer had changed sides, or despaired of
the royal cause, or bodily infirmities had transformed
" the native hue of resolution," and he was no longer
the fearless soldier, whose valour had excited general
admiration in the campaigns of the Netherlands. His
flame of chivalry, like a spent volcano, had died out.

On the subject of his defection Lord Orford thus
writes : " One cannot help regretting, that a man who
found it necessary to take up arms against Charles I
should have palliated the enormities of Henry VIII,
in comparison of whom King Charles was an excellent
prince."

Edward the first Lord Herbert of Chirbury was pos-
sessed of considerable learning, as appears in his philo-
sophical treatise in Latin, De Veritate, printed in a.d.
1638, and since translated into several languages. This
appears to have been the most highly prized by his re-
latives of all his works, for we find the entry in Evehjiis

424 HERBERTIANA.

Diary, "March 6tli, 1652, Sir Henry Herbert presented
me with his brother my Lord Cherbmie's book De
VeritateJ' and again in the 153rd letter of Sir William
Dugdale, the great antiquarian, we meet with the fol-
lowing paragraph relative to Edward the third Lord : —
" Upon my return from the great funeral of Lord Wind-
sor, I found my Lord Herbert of Chirbury's second mes-
senger here, by whom he sent me his grandfather's
book De Veritate, which is so highly valued, as he says
that it is translated into all languages. It much pas-
seth my understanding, being wholly philosophical."

A letter of his grandson, also Edward, subsequently
third Lord Herbert of Chirbury, exists, written to his
great uncle Sir Henry, and applying for some odd sheets
in his possession, in the hope of completing the work
for the press, and realising some pecuniary advantage
from it.

On the subject of the publication of this treatise,
which is opposed to revealed religion, the noble author
narrates the following strange story ; " Being doubtful
in my chamber one fair day in the summer, my case-
ment being opened towards the south, the sun shining
clear and no wind stirring, I took my book De Veritate
in my hand, and kneeling on my knees devoutly said
these words : —

" O thou eternal God, author of the light, which now
shines upon me, and giver of all inward illuminations,
I do beseech thee of thy infinite goodness to pardon a
greater request than a sinner ought to make ; I am not
satisfied enough, whether I shall publish this work De
Veritate ; if it be for thy glory, I beseech thee give me
some sign from heaven ; if not, I shall suppress it.

" I had no sooner spoken these words, than a loud
though yet gentle noise came from the heavens, (for it
was like nothing on earth,) which did so comfort and
cheer me, that I took my petition as granted, and that
I had the sign I demanded, whereupon also I resolved
to print my book." He was unreasonable enough to
cavil at revelation, as being partial and confined to a

HERBERTIANA. . 425

portion of the earth, and yet to believe individual reve^
lation. Probably, however, his religious opinions to-
wards the close of his life were more orthodox, for on
his deathbed he sent for the Lord Primate Usher of
Ireland, and was willing to receive the sacrament of the
Lord's Supper, and he had for some time previously had
prayers twice a day in his house, and on Sunday would
have his chaplain read one of Smyth's sermons.

Another work written by Lord Herbert was De Re-
ligione Gentilium, but his best and ablest treatise in-
comparably was the Life and Reign of Henry the
Eighth, edit. Lond. 1649, written at the request of
James the First, and entitled to the universal esteem
which it has long acquired among the students of his-
tory. The original copy, written with his own hand,
is preserved in the University of Oxford, to which he
presented it, and what followshasbeen justly remarked
of it. " It is large and copious, as the multiplied affairs
of a busy reign required ; and as all Europe was con-
cerned in the intrigues of those times, the politics were
intricate to trace, nor can we imagine that any one be-
side himself could so happily have conquered the diffi-
culty he complains of, viz., to write that prince's history,
of whom no one thing might constantly be affirmed,
and to draw his picture well, who had several coun-
tenances." We possess the testimony of the great
critic Lord Jeffi^ey to the excellence of this history, and
his own autobiography. " The memoir of Lord Her-
bert is characteristic and good, as is also his so nearly
contemporaneous History of England under Henry the
Eighth."^ The comment, however, on the Life and Reign
of Henry by Hallam in his Constitutional History of
England, is not equally favourable, for he imputes to
Lord Herbert fictitious speeches in his history. " Lord
Herbert," he writes, " puts an acute speech into the
mouth of More, arguing more acquaintance with sound
principles of political economy than was usual in the

1 Jeffreys Essays, vol. ii, p. 644.

426 HERBERTIANA.

supposed speaker's age, or even in that of the writer.
But it is more probable that this is of his own inven-
tion. He has taken a similar liberty on another occa-
sion, throwing his own broad notions of religion into an
imaginary speech of some unnamed member of the Com-
mons, though manifestly unsuited to the character of
the times. In both instances he has deceived Hume,
who takes these harangues for genuine."

Lord Herbert is also censured by J. A. Froude in
his portraiture of Henry YIII, for "ascribing his acquire-
ments in theology to his father's intention of educating
him for the Archbishopric of Canterbury, as if the sci-
entific mastery of such a subject could have been acquired
by a boy of twelve years of age, for he was no more
when he became Prince of Wales. He must have
studied theology with the full maturity of his under-
standing."

Lord Herbert's historical collections are preserved in
the library of Jesus College, Oxford, to which they
were bequeathed by the noble author. The following
letter contains the official application for them to his
brother Sir Henry Herbert, to whose care they had
been entrusted ; —

" Noble Sir, — This gentleman, Mr. Williams, comes from
Dr. Chaunsell, head of Jesus College in Oxford, about the
legacy of books made to them by my Lord Herbert, of Cher-
bury. I presume he will take just care of the safe delivery of
them, if he shall receive them from your hand, which I desire
he may, together with the catalogue^ to take a copy of it, and
return it again. Sir, I ever am

" Your most affectionate and humble servant,

^' November ], 164^8. White Friars. " J. Selden.

" The Hon. Sir Henry Herbert, Knight.'^

Lord Herbert's occasional verses were edited in 16G5,
8vo, by Edward Herbert, his younger son, who dedi-
cated them to " his nephew Edward, third Lord Her-
bert of Chirbury, belonging to him of double right, as
heir and executor of his grandfather." .

Edward, Lord Herbert of Chirbury, as a soldier,

HERBERTIANA. 427

won the esteem of those great captains, the Prince of
Orange and the Constable de Montmorency, and is
eulogised by Lord Orford, "as one of the greatest orna-
ments of the learned peerage, a man of a martial spirit
and a profound understanding. Men of the proudest
blood shall not blush to distinguish themselves in let-
ters as well as arms when they learn what excellence
Lord Herbert attained in both;" and his name is em-
balmed with greater commendation in the lays of Ben
Jonson, which, after making some deduction for the
language of friendship or even gratitude, point to him
as no ordinary personage.^

'' If man get name for some one virtue, then
What man art thou, that art so many men.
All-virtuous Herbert ! On whose every part
Truth might spend all her voice, fame all her art :
Whether thy learning they would take, or wit.
Or valour, or thy judgment seasoning it.
Thy standing upright to thyself; thy ends
Like straight ; thy piety to God and friends :
Their later praise would still the greatest be.
And yet they altogether less than thee/'

In The Beaufort Progress through Wales Thomas
Dyneley mentions a portrait of this nobleman as being
in 1684 in Powis Castle : — " Opposite to ye great roome
in the same gallery Sir Edward Herbert, Knight of
the Bath, who was embassador in France, sitting in his
nightgown and dictating to his secretary."

The picture here referred to is still in the drawing-
room of Powis Castle, but it is now attributed, not to
this Lord Herbert, but to the Earl of Castlemain, who was
a son of Katherine, daughter of William first Lord Powis,
by her second husband, Sir James Palmer. There are,
however, in the drawing room three pictures of this lord :
a head surrounded with clouds ; a small picture by Isaac
Oliver, in which he is represented as reposing on the
ground previously (it is said) to his fighting a duel ;
and a full length portrait of him in the robes of the

1 Collins^ Peerage.

428 HERBERTIANA.

Bath, the painter of which is not known. Lord Herbert
mentions the picture in his autobiography, when de-
scribing the ancient customs relating to the making of
a Knight of the Bath. " The second day to wear robes
of crimson taffety (in which habit I am painted in my
study) and so to ride from St. James's to Whitehall
with an esquire before us." Unfortunately he does not
mention the artist.

By his marriage with the daughter and heiress of
Sir William Herbert of St. Julian's he acquired the Mon-
mouthshire and Caermarthenshire estates. Whilst he
was ambassador to France he was obliged to sell estates
worth £60,000 to pay the expenses of his embassy,
£10,000 of his salary being also unpaid.

In the year 1648 his lordship very serenely inquired
what was the clock, and then said, " An hour hence I
shall depart'^ ; he then turned his head to the other
side, and died at his house in Queen Street, London,
and was buried at St. Giles's-in-the-Fields, with this
monumental inscription from the pen of Lord Stan-
hope : —

" Hie inhumatur corpus Edwardi Herbert Equitis Balnei,
baronis de Cherbury et Castle-Island, auctoris libri cui titulus
est, ' De Yeritate.' Keddor ut herbse ; vicesimo die Augusti
anno Domini 1648."

It is said^ he had designed a fine monument of his
own invention to be set up for him in the Church of
Montgomery, according to the model following : — "Upon
the ground a hath-pace of fourteen feet square, on the
middest of which is placed a Doric column, with its
right of pedestal basis, and capitols of fifteen feet in
height ; on the capitol of the column is mounted an urn
with a heart flamboul, supported by two angels. The
foot of this column is attended with four angels placed
at pedestals at each corner of the said hath-pace, two
having torches reverst, extinguishing the motto of mor-
tality ; the other holding up palms, the emblems of
victory."

1 Lloyd's State Worthies, p. 1018.

2 Aubreifs Lives, p. 2, 387.

HEEBERTTANA. 429

In his lordship's occasional verses occurs the following
characteristic epitaph of himself : —

Eeader.

The monument which thou beholdest here

Presents Edward, Lord Herbert, to thy sight;
A man who was so free from either hope or fear

To have or lose this ordinary light.
That when to elements his body turned were.

He knew that, as those elements would fight.
So his immortal soul should find above

With his Creator, peace, joy, truth, and love !

The character of Edward, first Lord Herbert of Chir-
bury, was brilliant, but not without its defects.

We cannot regard him as an example in religion or
in loyalty, for he was unfaithful to a dynasty which had
loaded him with benefits, and had reposed great confi-
dence in him. Nor can we look upon him as amiable in
the relations of domestic life. His hasty temper, which
he readily admitted, was accompanied with a certain
wilfulness of mind, and contrariety of purpose, and his
overweening vanity is indelibly stamped on the chroni-
cles of his life. But the beauty of his manly features
still attracts us in his portraits at Powis Castle, Pens-
hurst, and Charlcot. His abilities and industrv were
unquestionable. From the pursuits of pleasure or the
throng of fashion he could promptly disengage his mind,
and nerve himself for untiring action. His courage
seemed insensible to decay, till it began to blanch in
the turmoil of civil warfare. Magnanimously he strove
to uphold the imperilled rights of conscience of the pro-
testant population in France and Germany. He was
keenly susceptible of noble emotions, and was dazzled
by the alluring lustre of glory.

'^ Fame is the spur, that the clear spirit doth raise
(That last infirmity of noble minds)
To scorn delights, and live laborious days.^' — Milton,

Like a consummate actor, he easily won much applause
in any character that he chose to assume. His capabi-

430

HERBERTIANA.

lities were of the highest order, and his reputation,
great as it is, would have been still higher, if the power
of revealed religion had purified his motives, and influ-
enced his actions.

Before passing to his successor in the peerage, we
propose to notice his saintly brother, perhaps the one
of the Herberts who has reached the highest pinnacle
of true fame.

{To he continued)

( Scale one fifth actual sizt)

Roman Lithic iMoRTARiuM

Found at Bank Farm, pool Quay,

Fig 2

( FULL SIZE.

Hair Curling Instrument

Found on site of New Vicarage
Pool Quay. — (seep 433)

Fig 3.

Impression of

Monogram Ring

FOUND AT BETTWS.-
PAGE 434-

Mont- Coll. Voi VI P^JL

RlBY LPOOL

431

STONE VESSEL SUPPOSED TO BE A PvOMAN
MOKTAEIUM.

The stone vessel here figured, was found on Dyer s
farm, near Pool Quay, situate about tliree miles from
Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, and belonging to the
Earl of Powis, and has been brought under our notice
by Mr. Hand of Whitehouse, Welshpool. About
twenty-four years ago, whilst draining the " barn-field,'^
which adjoins the farm buildings, Mr. Bichard Jones,
the tenant, found it at the depth of three feet from the
surface, at a spot about twenty or thirty yards from the
barn. Unfortunately Thomas Ellis, the master drainer,
is dead, so that after the lapse of time it is not now
practicable to ascertain whether any other similar
articles were there.

The vessel is eleven and a-half inches in diameter,
the bowl is seven inches broad, and two and a-half
inches deep, the small channel on the rim surrounding
the bowl is a quarter of an inch deep, and seems to
have been made to catch any liquid which might over-
flow from the bowl ; there is an outlet from the bowl
about half an inch deep, and the channel which sur-
rounds the bowl has also outlets, so that any liquid that
overflowed would find its way to the same spot as
the liquid poured out of the bowl.

This vessel, which is of a hard red sandstone, strongly
resembles in form Roman mortaria, which, however,
were usually made of earthenware or terra cotta.

An excellent authority on this and kindred subjects,
(Mr. H. Syer Cuming, F.S.A. Scot.), says that there is
good evidence to show that the Pil(je and Mortaria of

432 STONE VESSEL, ETC.

the Romans were wrought of stone as well as other
substances. In the British Archceological Journal, (vol.
vi, p. 442), is a curious discovery of Roman remains,
in Mincing Lane, London, one of the objects exhumed
being the half of a heavy mortarium, made of Purbeck
stone, and measuring one foot three and a-half inches
diameter, narrowing from top to base, and having a
couple of blocks or buttresses projecting from the sides
in the way seen on many mortars of much later date.

Mr. Cuming states that he has never met with a
lithic mortarium of the form of the one figured, but
adds that " its contour is so like the terra cotta mortaria
with which we are familiar, that we seem to be almost
compelled to admit its Roman origin. It is just pos-
sible, however, that it may be an example of the old
bear stone or knocking trough, in which our ancestors
used to cree or bruise, with a wooden mill, the wheat
and barley for making frumenty ;^^ but he says, "he is
by no means sure this kind of mortar was provided with
an opening in the rim."

It would be desirable that the spot where this vessel
was found, should be well searched, as probably some-
thing might turn up which might decide the age of this
interesting relic, the aspect of which certainly points to
the Roman era.

433

ARTICLES FOUND ON THE SITE OF POOL QUAY
NEW VICARAGE.

In excavating the foundation of the vicarage, which is
now being built for the new parish of Pool Quay, several
curious articles have been found. The vicarage is mid-
way between the church and the school-house, and
near the site of an old cottage. The excavators came
upon an old well which had been covered up, and in it
was found a collection of heterogeneous articles : —

1. Three fragments of a thick glass bottle : two of
them fitting together showed the bottle had been of a
flattened globular shape, and the third fragment con-
sisted of the neck and rim. On the side of one of the
two fragments was a medallion bearing the following
letters, thus : — j "s.

These initials gave rise to the idea that the bottle
had been used for some ecclesiastical purpose ; but
an explanation has been suggested by an experi-
enced antiquary which is so simple and natural as to
commend itself for acceptance. He thinks that it was
a wine bottle of the seventeenth century, which had
contained wine called Lachryma Christi, and hence the
initials. In that period it was not uncommon for wine
bottles to bear medallions, some with the crest of the
owner upon it. A bottle was found in Liverpool bear-
ing the well known crest of the Stanley family.

2. A curious article, made of the same material as
clay pipes, about two inches long, cylindrical but thicker
at the ends than the middle, somewhat resembling the
shape of dumb-bells. It is not unlike a knife rest. It
is figured full size in the plate opposite p. 431 (fig. 2).

VOL. VI. F F

434 ANTIQUE RING.

At first sight, it was taken to be a tobacco-stopper. It
proves, however, to be an instrument formerly used for
curling ladies' hair. Many scores of these curious pins
(if they may be so called) have been found in the ledges
within chimneys of old houses in Lancashire and else-
where, and some of them bear the potter's initials at the
end. This example has at each end the potter's mark
" W. A." It is made of fine pipe clay and bears marks of
having been exposed to heat. These instruments were
used by barbers of the seventeenth and the succeeding
century for curling the hair, probably in consequence of
paper being then a scarce article.

3. Part of a gun barrel of some age, but without
anything remarkable about it.

4. A large tooth of some animal. This disappeared
before it was examined.

ANTIQUE EING FOUND AT BETTWS.

This ring, found in Bettws churchyard, was presented
by the vicar. Rev. H. J. Marshall (through Eev. E. B.
Cockayne Frith), to the Powys-land Museum. The de-
vice it bears is figured in the plate opposite page 431
(fig. 3), and represents the initial " R.^' crowned. A
similar ring with initials "U. V." and crowned is figured
in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, vol.
iii, p. 408. Dr. Kendrick of Warrington has fifteen
examples of the initial " R." among his mediaeval seals.
These crowned initials appear to have been in very
general use in the fourteenth century.

^ Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire^
vol. xii, p. 214. On p. 209, one of these " hair- curling instruments" is
figured, and bears the potter's mark, " W. B."

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435

NOTES ON THE
EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMEEY CHUECH.

Since these remarkable effigies have been engraved for
the illustration of the paper printed supra, page 207,
we have been favoured with some interesting remarks
respecting them.

First, from the Eev. Charles Boutell, M.A. (Author
of Heraldry, Historical and Popular , The Monumental
Brasses of England, &c. &c.) : —

Note upon the Lithographs of two Military Effigies in
Montgomery Ghurch.

Effigy, '' No. 1." — In this effigy the knightly figure
is well proportioned, and has been modelled with both
skill and care. The armour represented is such as was
worn at the close of the fourteenth century, and for
four or five years after the commencement of the suc-
ceeding century — the probable date of this effigy being
about A.D. 1390, or 1395. The head, defended by a
tall basinet with ample camail covering the shoulders,
rests on a large tilting helm surmounted by a panache,
or upright crest of feathers, rising from a crest-coronet —
a cognisance of the Mortimers, as appears from the
seal of Edmund de Mortimer, Earl of March, a.d.
1400. The laces of the camail are covered ; and the
basinet itself is encircled by a wreath, probably of the
white roses of York. Somewhat more of the face is
hewn than is customary in effigies with the camail ;
there is the drooping moustache of the period. The
body is armed in a hauberk of mail worn over a breast-
plate, the hauberk being covered with a jupon of the
arms of Mortimer. The defences of the limbs are

436 EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH.

of plate, the whole being rendered with the utmost sim-
plicity ; it is probable, however, that some of the details
may have been worn away. The hands, conjoined, are
uplifted, the gauntlets being large and now much worn.
The feet, which have the toes of the soUerets rounded
off, rest upon a lion ; there appear no traces of spurs.
The sword, which was suspended at the left side from a
rich hip-belt, adjusted low down on the figure and
fastened in front with a buckle and pendant, is broken
away ; there are no traces of any misericorde.

The armorial insignia displayed on the jupon of this
efiigy are unquestionably those of the Mortimers, Earls
of March ; but the inescutcheon, instead of being
argent, is differenced with a hendlet, thus shewing that
the knight here represented was not the head of his
house. In a Roll of Arms (Harl. MSS. 6137 and
6589, cited as " E" and ** E") published in the Archceo-
logia, a coat of Mortimer is blazoned thus : — " Wil-
liam de Mortimer. — " ^Mortimer's Arms/ the inescut-
cheon argent charged with a hendlet gules'' In this,
as in several other instances, the expression " Morti-
mer's Arms" always implies that the blazon of the field
is azure, three bars or ; and not harry of six or and
azure, as in the arms of the Earls. In the seal of Earl
Edmund de Mortimer, a.d. 1400 (figured in my English
Heraldry, p. 250), the shield quarters Mortimer with
De Burgh of Ulster. Other differenced coats of " Mor-
timer s Arms" substitute gides for azure, have the
inescutcheon ermine, or charge it with a saltire gules.

The presence of the panache-crest of the Morti-
mers with this effigy proves the Mortimer of the
monument to have been a near kinsman of the Earl,
crests having been borne, c. a.d. 1 400, only by personages
of rank and dignity. I may add that the basinet of
William, Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, represented in his
Monumental Brass at Spilsby, in Lincolnshire, a.d.
1409 (figured in my Monumental Brasses of England,
and at p. '2,70 of the third edition of my Heraldry, His-
torical and Popular), is encircled with a crest- wreath

EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH. 437

closely resembling that in this effigy. Also, a some-
what similar crest-wreath appears in the sculptured
effigy, A.D. 1400, of Sii- A. Bassett, at Atherington,
Devon, figured by Stothard. In the Journal of
the Archwological Association, Vol. xxiv, p. 21, is a
paper by Mr. Planche on the " Mortimers," and like
all Mr. Planche s papers, it is no less interesting than
replete with valuable information.

Effigy, "No. 2."— This emgj, which may be as-
signed to about A.D. 1460-1470, and cannot well be
later than 1470, when in its original condition, must
have been a work of unusual boldness of both design
and execution. The armour is plate throughout, with
mail skirt and gorget, without a vestige t)f the extrava-
gances that began to show themselves at the middle of
the fifteenth century ; there is no secondary or " re-in-
forcing" plate, and the defences are precisely the same
on both sides of the figure, an exceptional occurrence
even as early as a.d. 1460. The head, bare and with
long flowing hair parted down the middle, rests on what
appears to have been a tilting-helm of ample size and
crested ; the countenance is remarkable, and suggests
at least an earnest eflbrt at personal portraiture. About
the neck is the Yorkist collar of suns and roses sus-
taining the white lion of the house of March. In
front of each shoulder is a rectangular placcate, with a
large boss of the same form. The bare hands, the fin-
gers having numerous rings, are uplifted and clasped.
The taces — their number not clearly defined — are es-
calloped. The tuilles, now much broken away, and the
manner of their adjustment no longer to be distin-
guished, disclose the lower part of a mail skirt. A di-
agonal belt, somewhat broader than usual, and fastened
with a buckle and pendent end, crosses the taces, and
carried the sword, which now is altogether broken away.
No spurs are visible, and the soUerets, which now are
by no means acutely pointed, rest on a dog. The fashion
of wearing the hair long, and the custom of represent-
ing armed effigies as bare-headed, began about a.d.

438 EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHUKCH.

1440 ; such effigies occur both in sculpture and in en-
graven brasses. The sculptured effigy of Sir John
Crosby, a.d. 1466 (the date of his wife's death, when
both effigies appear to have been executed), in the
Church of Great St. Helen's in the City of London, in
many respects resembles this effigy; the hands are bare,
and have finger-rings ; but there are more points of re-
semblance in the fine alabaster effigy of a knight of the
Erdington family (figured by Hollis) at Aston, near
Birmingham, c. A.D. 1450. In addition to the Yorkist
collar the only trace of any heraldic accessory in this
Montgomery e^gy is a foot with claws, the remains of
the crest, which may suggest the Wyvern crest of the
Herberts.

Since the foregoing "Note" (written, it will be re-
membered, from an examination of the two lithographs
and from tracings of the collar and its pendent in " No.
2," but without my having seen the original sculptures)
was in type, I have again examined the e^gj of St.
Giles Daubeney, K.G., a.d. 1507, in Westminster Ab-
bey ; and I observed certain points of resemblance be-
tween the defensive equipment of that good knight and
the armour of the effigy, " No. 2," at Montgomery, the
adjustment of the hair in the two figures being nearly
the same. Still I retain the opinion stated in the
" Note,^' as to the period to which the Montgomery
effigy must be assigned.

Charles Boutell.

Next, Mr. J. E. Blanche, Lancaster Herald, having
been furnished with a sketch of the collar and the
appendant badge, which in the engraving is hid from
sight by the hands, says, " that the interesting tracing
of the collar" shews " it is the family one of Edward
ly, with the white lion of March appendant, and conse-
quently gives the date to the effigy, 1461-1483."

And lastly, Mr. Martin Underwood, the artist who

EFFIGIES IN MONTGOMERY CHURCH. 439

executed the illustrations, remarks as to the size and
proportions of the effigies : —

It is curious to note the difference in the proportion of
these two figures. The earlier one has exceedingly nar-
row shoulders, only one foot three inches across, but his
armour fitting tight to his hips makes him look propor-
tionate— the later figure has exceedingly narrow hips,
whilst his shoulders are one foot eleven inches across, so
his armour at the hips is bulged, and hence he also cuts
a " pretty figure." If we are to be believe these effigies
true to the originals, gallant warriors in the middle
ages — even when donning their mail for deadly fray —
gave no slight thought to their personal appearance.
Indeed when physical strength was deemed of more
importance than mental culture — it behoved all men to
look strong, for the looking strong sometimes demoral-
izes an enemy.

'i«A.^ii WHT iuiy/0

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