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GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
COLLECTIONS, VOLUME XVIII
The Search For
Georgia ^s Colonial Records
Edited by
Lilla Mills Hawes
and
Albert S. Britt, Jr.
Savannah: The Society, 1976
Reprinted from Collections of
The Georgia Historical Society
Volume XVIII
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Foreword
From its very beginning, the Georgia Historical Society was a major
focal point in the search for the official records of the Colony, and later
similar documents covering the early days of the State of Georgia.
However, this quest did not start with the Society. Indeed, when
Savannah fell to the invading British army from Florida in December
1778, Governor Houstoun ordered the Secretary of State, Captain John
Milton, to take the important records of his office to Charleston to
prevent their capture. In May of 1780, when the fall of Charleston
became imminent. Captain Milton took these papers to New Bern, North
Carolina, and as the British over-ran North Carolina, they were sent to
Maryland where they remained until the end of the war. What was left
after the various moves, was returned and became a part of the State
Records. Most of the Colonial Records in Savannah were lost in the
course of the war but copies of some had been sent to England where
they were safely filed in the Board of Trade or the State Paper Office.
Between the end of the Revolutionary War and the founding of the
Georgia Historical Society in 1839, there had been several attempts made
to collect the records of Colonial Georgia, or authentic copies of those
documents. As will be seen in this work, in 1802 Rufus King, Minister to
Great Britain, "obtained for the State two large trunks of pubHc
documents, which were examined by a Committee, raised for that object,
by the Legislature." No record is foundof the results of the examination
by the Committee, nor are the documents now known to exist. In 1824
Joseph Vallence Bevan was appointed official historian by the legislature
and he tried to obtain copies of the Colonial records from the State Paper
Office in London. Permission was granted to make copies but the
conditions imposed by the minister in charge made that permission
merely a sham.
The year 1837 marks the first step in the pursuit of the elusive
records which produced positive results. In that year the legislature, with
great forethought, appropriated $6,000.00 to send an agent to London to
copy such documents as could be found. Governor Gilmer, a few months
later, appointed the Reverend Charles W. Howard to be the agent. Two
years later, and after many frustrating delays, Mr. Howard returned to
Georgia with twenty-two volumes of hand copied manuscripts - the story
of acquiring these hard won copies and the furor which arose over them
is told in the following pages. The disasterous end of these twenty-two
volumes is not told in these letters and has to be revealed by the editors:
In 1891 Professor Scomp of Emory College borrowed the volumes from
the State Capitol for a research project. While they were in his home, he
4 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
had a ruinous fire which consumed his house and the contents, including
the twenty-two volumes; none was saved.
With the founding of the Georgia Historical Society, one of the
important projects of the young organization was the writing of the first
comprehensive history of the State. This work gave impetus to com-
pleting the record of the Colonial period, since it had been found that
there were gaps in the records which Mr. Howard had brought home
from London. Dr. William Bacon Stevens (later The Right Reverend)
was appointed by the Society to undertake this important task. The first
volume was published in 1847 and the second followed in 1859. There is
much discussion of this project and the correspondence relating to it in
the minutes of the Georgia Historical Society from 1840 through 1846.
Meanwhile the indefatigable Corresponding Secretary, I. K. Tefft,
secured an appropriation of $500.00 from the Society's resources to have
copies made of the earliest gaps in the records; the funds were sent to
Robert Lemon, Chief Clerk of H. M. State Paper Office and the copies
were made under his supervision. Tefft carried on a lively correspon-
dence with Lemon for several years; it ended disappointingly when Tefft
made a trip to London in 1849 for more records - he got a shocking
brush-off which he describes in his last letter.
The Civil War brought further destruction to such official records as
had been collected in Georgia and the final chapter in this story was not
written until 1902, when the legislature appropriated funds and ap-
pointed Allen D. Candler to be the State's agent for copying and
publishing the Colonial and State Records of Georgia. Time had
mellowed the keepers of the State Paper Office and Candler was able to
obtain what he needed in London and finally to produce his monumental
historical work.
The letters and documents reproduced in this book and those
contained in The Mackenzie Papers, published in The Georgia Historical
Quarterly, LVI, No. 4, (Winter Issue 1972) and LVII, No. 1, (Spring
Issue 1973), and republished in combined form in 1973 by the Society of
Colonial Wars in the State of Georgia, are a part of the Georgia
Historical Society's collection. The McKenzie Papers are reprinted in this
book as an addendum.
The present letters are arranged in three groups. The first, and the
largest, contains essentially the correspondence of Tefft and Lemon. The
second group is composed of letters from Tefft's "broadcast," or "shot-
gun," approach to locating and acquiring any records, documents,
books, etc. pertaining to Georgia's early history. This correspondence
contains letters from several interesting figures of mid- 19th century in
Europe and America. The third and final section consists of
correspondence about the colonial records of Spanish Florida,
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 5
The editors have transcribed these letters truly and faithfully. Where
it was thought necessary to make an insertion or an interpretation, these
editorial modifications are shown in brackets. Notes are included at the
end of each section. The names of the people who are important to this
account and whose position is not brought out in the text are foot-noted
the first time they appear. The editors are grateful to John I. Cod-
dington, Bordentown, New Jersy, for his help in translating the two
French letters addressed to James Grahame.
The editing of these papers was done by Lilla M. Hawes, Director
Georgia Historical Society, on behalf of that Society, and by Albert S.
Britt, Jr., Historian, Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Georgia
and former President of the Georgia Historical Society, on behalf of the
Society of Colonial Wars.
Lilla Mills Hawes
Albert S. Britt, Jr.
6 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Part 1 -The Lemon Correspondence. (1)
State Paper Office
26 January 1839
10 o'clock a. m.
Dear Sir,
My nephew, Mr. Robt. Phillpotts, has just called upon me, having
been at your late residence in London this morning, according to your
appointment, for the settlement of his account. He was much disap-
pointed that you had gone & that you had left no directions for him as to
his present account or in what way any work that he may subsequently do
for you in the British Museum should be remunerated or by whom, or to
what extent he should continue his researches there.
As the early settlement of such an account is of some consideration
to a young man, & as I am sure that the omission of it on your part could
only arise from an inadvartency in the hurry of preparing for your
departure, I beg to enclose you his account up to the present time, & I
shall feel much obliged if you will either transmit the amount to me to
this office or give me or him an order on some party in London to pay it
on your account.
For my own part, I cannot conceal from you that I thought certainly
I should have had the pleasure of seeing you before you took your final
departure & that on the day on which you were last at this office you
would have bidden me "good bye", as I had one or two points I wished
to speak to you about. I can however, as in the former case, attribute it
only to the pressure of engagements at such a moment.
I shall be glad if you will write me a short note as to the future
proceedings of Robt. Phillpotts in procuring materials for your State
collections. Wishing you a safe journey & a happy meeting with your
family.
I remain
Dear Sir yr
[file note]
To Mr. C. W. Howard [Lemon, retained copy]
Dear Sir, Bristol. 27 Jan. 1839
Your letter arrived this morning, just as I was about to write you in
regard to Mr. Phillpot. My recollection is that my appointment with him
was made for 7 o'clock on Friday evening - his not coming caused my
forgetfulness of his account until I was half way to Bristol, when it
occurred to me that it had been neglected. Please direct him to call on
Mr. Coates, 13 Bread Street, when his money will be paid him. I
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 7
requested him to make some extracts from the Gemleman's Magazine in
regard to Gen. Oglethorpe & drawings of some plans from the Royal
Mss. When he has done these, I wish him to leave them at the American
Legation for me - they will be sent to America with the documents which
were copied in H. M. State Paper Office, & which I was compelled to
leave behind me, as Lord Glenelg had not finished inspecting them. If
Mr. Philpott will present his bill to Mr. Coates for these Hkewise, it will
be paid. Mr. Phillpott has the Epitaph on Gen. Oglethorpe, which I wish
him to leave at the Legation. McCall's History of Georgia, he can retain.
I am not aware that I shall have further need of his services; in case
however he should happen to find any thing in regard to Gen.
Oglethorpe, over and above that which we now know, if he will make a
copy of such information, I should most gladly compensate him for his
trouble.
I feel that an apology is due for my rudeness in not seeing you before
my departure; the truth was my business came to such a sudden ter-
mination in London & different matters so pressed upon me that I
scarcely knew whether I was standing on my head or my heels & in the
hurry of the moment I omitted that for which my conscience reproache
[d] on my journey to Bristol & which I determined to do by letter im-
mediately on my arrival, namely to thank you most sincerely for your
many & valuable attentions to me in my business. I hope, my dear Sir,
you will accept this expression of my feehngs, though from its tardiness,
I am aware that I do not deserve that you should do so.
You mentioned that there were one or two points that you wished to
speak to me about; may I ask the favor of your communicating them to
me by letter. My address is: C. W. Howard, Milledgeville, Georgia, U. S,
of America. In case you should ever want any information about
American matters, if you will have the kindness to let me know, I will
spare no pains to procure it for you, if practicable. Should you happen to
find anything in your literary labors, which you think would interest me,
if it is not too much trouble, I should be much obliged for a com-
munication in regard to it. Renewedly expressing my thanks for your
kind attentions, I remain,
Dear Sir,
Yours Sincerely ,^
/s/ C. W. Howard
R. Lemon, F. S. A.
&c, &c, &c
State Paper Office
London
8 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
S. P.O.
21 March 1839
Dear Sir,
The occasion of sending some more transcripts for you gives me an
opportunity of acknowledging your kind letter dated from Bristol 27
Jan. 1839. I more than suspected that the missing of the appointment
with Mr. Phillpotts on the eve of your leaving England arose from his
own fauh and 1 should have been extremely sorry if on his representation
I had made use of any expression to hurt your feeUngs in the slightest
degree, & I have only to return you my thanks for the kind & prompt
manner in which you answered my letter.
If I had had the pleasure of seeing you once again before you left
London, it was my intention to have stated to you that it is very probable
you may discover many errors in your transcripts that you will find some
difficulty in correcting, not having the originals to resort to. This is more
likely to occur in the transcripts of the person named Vigures [?] who is
anything but correct or careful in his work. In every case therefore where
you cannot reconcile the sense & which may be essential to be cleared up,
I apprehend the party in whose hand it is, must & should, upon your
making application to that effect, rectify his errors; for such documents
constituting the relations between two nations cannot be too
scrupulously correct.
I feel pretty well assured that what you have done in England will
open the eyes of other States & that some will follow in your track. It was
my intention to have had some conversation with you on this subject & to
have suggested to you an idea that occurred to me that if any other State
should wish its early history elucidated in a similar manner to that of
Georgia, it might be done without the expense of sending an agent from
that State, by authorizing some influential literary person in England
upon whose judgment, means of information & integrity they could
depend to make the requisite researches in England. It is impossible for
any American gentleman coming to England for such purpose to make
himself sufficiently acquainted in a limited time with our various
repositories, public libraries, offices & the different modes of access to
each. You yourself have experienced this difficulty in a great degree &
though not every one would, or could perhaps, pursue their researches
with the activity & diligence that you did, yet it was not until you were
nearly leaving England that you got into a favorable track, & then were
so driven that you were obliged to leave much undone.
I shall be glad to have your opinion on this suggestion & I beg to
assure you that I shall be most happy to afford you, pesonally, any
assistance connected with literature in England that lies in my power, & I
sincerely hope you will not take this assurance merely as a compliment;
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 9
for if I should ever want information connected with America or its
Hterature, I should act upon your own kind offer & apply to you. But a
cloud is on the horizon in the North; may it disperse without involving
the two nations. The true interest of both is peace; the greatest bind of
union betwen both is commerce & literature & I should be sorry to see a
suspension of either.
I am,
[file note] [Lemon, retained copy]
To Mr. Howard of Georgia
The committee appointed on the 28th Feby, 1840, to take into
consideration the best mode to be adopted to obtain copies of the
manuscript vols, of Colonial documents brought over from England by
the Revd Charles Wallace Howard, and now in the possession of this
Society, beg leave to Report: That they have made the necessary
enquiries and calculations and have arrived at the following results. The
expense of transcribing the Colonial documents in England under the
direction of the Revd Mr. Howard was 4d Sterling for every 72 words,
equal with the current rate of exchange to Sets for every 72 words, or
averaging 37cts per page. The twenty-two volumes contain 4,143 pages
and the cost for copying alone amounts to $1,533., - admitting, however,
that they could be copied at the one half of this sum, it would require
$766 50/100, and even on the supposition that any one could be found to
undertake it at 12'/2 cents per page, it would cost $578 exclusive of paper
and binding which at a low computation would raise the sum to six hun-
dred dollars.
In the casual survey which one of this committee has made, it was
discovered that many documents were copied twice, and even three
times, and that too in several instances in the same volume; so that in one
volume only there are thirty five duplicate pages, which could be entirely
left out. This fact, though it deserves to be related, does not necessarily
affect the computation above made, though it exhibits a degree of
carelessness on the part of the individuals employed by the intelligent
Commissioner of the State, which has unnecessarily enhanced the ex-
pense of transcription.
The committee beg leave further to state, that the series of
documents from the State Paper Office London is incomplete by one or
two vols. - the last date in the 2d Vol. being Feby. 10th, 1750, and the 1st
in the 3rd Vol. Oct. 17th, 1761, leaving an interregnum of really eleven
years. Mr. Howard stated to one of the undersigned immediately on his
return from England, that just prior to his departure from London, he
10 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
had found the missing Vol. in an office where he little expected to meet
with it, that he had left it to be transcribed and forwarded under cover to
the Secretary of State, Washington, and that he expected it would reach
Milledgeville soon after his arrival home. A letter was addressed to Mr.
Howard upon this subject some time since, but no reply has been
received to it: That it is important to obtain this volume, and thus
preserve the continuity of the series, will be evident to all, but what steps
shall be taken to recover it, will be for the Society Board to determine.
The committee having carefully weighed and deliberated on the
matter confided to them, would propose the following resolution and
this [thus] bring the whole subject into definite action.
1st That it is inexpedient to copy the twenty two volumns of M.S.
documents confided to our care by the Legislature of Georgia - because
the fear of their being recalled is too slender to require such an effort, &
because the expense is beyond the funds of the Society.
2nd That a committee be raised to examine the documents and
report as speedily as possible on the expediency of selecting their most
important materials for publication, to be embraced in the 2nd volume of
our collections.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
/s/ I. K. Tefft
/s/ Wm. Bacon Stevens V Committee
/s/ H. K. Preston
Savh 14 Sept. 1840
State Paper Office
Sir, 7 April 1841
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1 5th
of January last (per Sheridan) notifying to me that the Historical Society
of Georgia had elected me an Honorary member, and at the same time
transmitting to me three other letters to be forwarded to the respective
parties. Those letters, after some little difficulty in ascertaining the
address of the parties, I have put into the right channel, and I have every
reason to believe they will reach those for whom they were intended.
I have to request that you will have the goodness to lay before the
Georgia Historical Society my grateful sense of the honor it has done me
in electing me one of its Honorary members. I have long been of opinion,
and every day's experience confirms me in it, that the greatest bond of
union between the two Empires will be found in the field of literature,
especially as in the earlier range of American literature, its poetry & its
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 1
romance must necessarily be drawn from sources intimately connected
with English pursuits, English adventures and English suffering. In the
higher branch of History the materials almost wholly are to be sought for
in England, and I am happy to perceive that a most liberal spirit of
research in that department has, within the last few years, pervaded the
American mind. To assist it as much as lies in my power will be a source
of much gratification to me, & I shall omit no opportunity of forwarding
so desirable an object by every means that my official position gives me.
With respect to the duplicates you mention of Genral Oglethorpe's, they
are the property of the British Government and not in the slightest degree
under my control or disposition.
I should much desire to have the volume of the Society's
publication, & my diploma, and I know of no better way of getting them
conveyed to me than by forming them into a parcel directed to the care of
Mr. Thorpe, Bookseller, 178 Piccadilly, London, for Mr. Lemon, &
sending it to any respectable American bookseller to be forwarded in his
chest or package to his Book Agent in London, by whom it would in the
course of business be sent to Mr. Thorpe.
I beg to return you my thanks for your expressions of personal
regard, and to assure you that I am.
With the greatest respect
Your most obedient
& most humble servant.
I. K. Tefft, Esqr. /s/ Robt. Lemon
Dear Sir, Savannah 26 May 1 841
It is with much pleasure that I acknowledge the reception of your
esteemed favor of the 7th of April, and I beg you to accept my sincere
thanks for your obliging courtesy in forwarding the letters enclosed to
your address. It is gratifying to read such evidences of the good will of
our transatlantic friends towards our young institution, and I fully agree
with you that in no way can the bonds of national amity be more ef-
fectually secured than by that moral and literary intercommunion which
it is our privilege to enjoy.
The position which you hold under the British Government is one
peculiarly favorable for historical research, and to your liberal and kind
offices we are greatly indebted for much that is rare and valuable in the
colonial documents obtained in England by the Revd Chas Wallace
Howard. These volumes have been confided by the State of Georgia to
the keeping of the Georgia Historical Society, and the obtaining of them
12 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
together with other interesting documents has induced the Society to
request Dr. Wm B. Stevens, one of its most worthy and talented
members, residing in this City, to prepare a new and complete History of
Georgia. He has already entered upon his labour and will proceed with it
as fast as permitted by his professional engagements. He ardently desires
to visit England for the purpose of collecting the various documents
which may there be found relative to Georgia. This, however, he cannot
at present do, and he must rely on the kindness of our associates to
obtain for him the desired boon.
The result of Mr. Howards labours were invaluable, but he has left
much to be gleaned in the field over which you preside, the want of which
seriously embarrasses the prosecution of Dr. Steven's labours. The
earliest record obtained by Mr. Howard is in 1735, and the proceedings
of the Trustees and the President & assistants prior to that date are
altogether unknown to us. It is important to supply, if possible, that
hiatus, and if you should meet with their proceedings in your researches
or indeed with any thing relative to this province, you will render a
peculiarly acceptable service to the Society by putting us in the way of
possessing ourselves of the original or a copy. Though the last settled of
the British American Colonies, the materials for an accurate history are
far from being as abundant, as would naturally be supposed, and papers
of the utmost importance are scattered about with the most shameful
negligence. Our state merits a History which shall perpetuate and make
known her honorable name, and if our friends who are interested in its
annals will lend us their aid, the task will soon be accomplished.
I avail myself of this occasion to transmit to you your Diploma of
Honorary membership of our Society, together with the first Vol. of
"Collections" published by its members and a copy of Dr. Stevens
Historical discourse, of which I beg your acceptance.
With great respect & regard,
Yr friend Truly,
/s/ I. K. Tefft
Cor. Scy Geo His Soc
Robt Lemon, Esq.
London
Dear Sir, London 30 July 1 842
I beg leave to acknowledge receipt your favor of the 18th June.
There will not probably be much difficulty in obtaining permission to
examine & copy any documents in the Board of Trade & State Paper
Office, (whose archives as far as America is concerned are now united),
relative to the History of Georgia before the Revolution. It would be in
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 3
vain, at present, to ask for access to any papers relative to the period of
the Revolution or subsequent to it. But if the negotiations now in
progress at Washington in the amicable adjustment of our difficulties
with this country, I have no doubt that a greater degree of liberality will
prevail than is now deemed prudent, in granting permission to explore
their archives.
I have no doubt permission could be obtained to copy the record of
the proceedings of the Courts Martial, referred to in your letter, always
supposing that they contain nothing of which prudence at the present
time dictates the suppression.
The archives of the Society for propagating the Gospel in Foreign
parts are easily accessible. I shall be happy to render Mr. Stevens any
service in my power in obtaining copies of any specified documents: -
Any general research can, of course, be made only by himself or some
one deputed to act for him.
I certainly received information that the Georgia Historical Society
had done me the honor to elect me a member. My impression is strong
that I duly made my acknowledgements & transmitted a volume for the
library. I do not now recollect having received their diploma, but I
cannot say positively that I have not.
Should it be in my power to obtain the autograph desired by you, I
shall cheerfully do so.
I am. Dear Sir, with great respect,
Faithfully yours,
/s/ Edward Everett
I. K. Tefft, Esq'r. (2)
Cor. Sec'y. of the Georgia Hist. Society
London 1 March 1843
Dear Sir, [should be 1844]
I received by the last steamer your letter of the 11th January, and
also your letter addressed to Mr. Lemon, which was duly sent to that
gentleman.
In pursuance of your request, I immediately addressed a note to
Lord Aberdeen, asking permission for Mr. Lemon to copy the
documents preserved in the State Paper Office, pertaining to the history
of Georgia, for the years 1731-1735. I have not yet received an answer to
this applcation but I have no reason to doubt that it will be granted. I
shall lose no time in communicating with you further, when I hear from
Lord Aberdeen on the subject.
I am, dear sir, with great respect,
faithfully yours,
/s/ Edward Everett
L K. Tefft, Esqr.
14 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Dear Sir, Savannah 9th Octr. 1 843
Immediately on the receipt of your letter of the 7th of Aug. '41, I
wrote to you a reply, a copy of which is herewith enclosed, transmitting
at the same time your Diploma of Honorary membership of the Georgia
Historical Society, and a copy of the first vol. of its Collections; since
which I have not had the pleasure of hearing from you, & I am lead to
fear that my letter and parcel, owing to some unaccountable accident,
did not reach your hands, and I write now to say that if it did not, I will
forward a new Diploma in any manner you may point out, together with
copies of our publications up to the present time.
The Revd Mr. Howard resides in a remote part of this State, in very
depressed circumstances, and appears unwilling to give any information
in relation to his mission to England as the agent of Georgia. In the last
interview I had with him he stated that just previous to his leaving
London he found the missing vol of documents, ie from 1732 to '35, in a
place where he little expected to find it - that he left it to be transcribed,
paid the expense of its transcription, with instructions to have it for-
warded to him here. Since which I have not heard from him though I
have written to him several times upon the subject. As you may be
acquainted with the scriveners employed by Mr. Howard to copy the
documents in your office, you may be enabled to trace & obtain for our
Society a copy of it, the expense of which I will immediately transmit to
you. It is impossible for Dr Stevens to progress with his History without
it. I am, Dear Sir, with great respect, very truly yours,
/s/I.K. Tefft
Robt Lemon, Esq.
London
New York
My dear Sir, October 16, 1843
I received your kind letter of the 9th instant with enclosures, just in
time to send forward Mr. Lemon's letter by the Boston Steamer. I paid
Harnden's express the postage to London, but you must not think of
referring again to this subject. If you did, what credit should I have for
zeal in the service of our Historical Society. The letters for Sir Wm.
Hamilton & Dr. Mackenzie, will go by the Great Western of the I9th
instant.
On the 20th we shall leave for Philadelphia, and on the 1st of Novr.
we hope to be in Savannah. I am pleased to find the health of our place
improving.
Since I wrote you last, I have received Dr. Mackenzie's M.S. copy of
notices of the Georgia Colony from the Caledonian Mercury, a collection
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 5
of pamphlets, relating to its early settlement. I shall send them to you by
Miss Hunter who embarks today. Do me the favor to keep them by you,
until we meet.
I am now in pursuit of a Spanish M. S. which narrates the doings of
the Spaniards in Georgia before its colonization. This M. S. is in the
possession of a gentleman & antiquarian here, and I shall spare no ex-
pense to obtain it.
I must also procure the voyage from Spielbergen to Georgia
published at Frankfort.
What an enthusiast is Dr. Mackenzie to have copied with his own
hand so much M. S. from the Caledonian Mercury.
Very Sincerely
I. K. Tefft, Esq. /s/ Wm. B. Hodgson
The London publishers have advertised for the original proceedings
of the Trustees, which has attracted the notice of antiquarians here.
S. P.O.
Dear Sir, 18 Nov. 1843
I have great pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of yours of the
9th of Oct. last expressing your fears that your former communication
conveying to me my Diploma as Honorary Member of the Georgia
Historical Society & the letter accompanying it had by some misad-
venture failed to reach my hand. I am truly happy in stating such is not
the case: it safely arrived & within a few days afterwards I addressed a
letter to you as Secretary of the Society expressing the very high sense I
felt of the honor conferred upon me by the Society & my anxious desire
to promote as much as possible the extension of literary intercourse
particularly of an historical nature between the two Empires. That letter I
sent by the ordinary post & by its non arrival, the loss you anticipated
(tho perhaps trivial) has been yours: it would have grieved me much had
it fallen on your transmission. I forbear now to dwell any longer on this
subject (having the important affair of Mr. Howard to notice) further
than to request that you will communicate to the Society at a fitting
opportunity that I most highly esteem the honor they have done me.
I am quite astonished at your statements relative to Mr. Howard; & I
cannot conceive from whence arises his unwillingness to give any relation
with respect to his mission to England as Agent of Georgia. His
statement that just previous to his departure from London he found the
missing Vol. of documents (vizt. from 1732 to 1735) in a place where he
little expected to find it and that he left it to be transcribed & paid for the
transcription, requires a particular notice. I beg distinctly to assert that as
far as regards this office, such a volume was never in our custody; our
earliest volume relating to Georgia being from the 13th of August 1735 to
16 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
12 Dec. 1741. So far therefore as this office is concerned we are com-
pletely exonerated. It was a matter of several anxious conversations
between Mr. Howard & myself as to where the previous documents could
be & I having intimate official connexion with the Council Office &
Board of Trade suggested the possibility of their existence among the
records of those offices & I personally introduced Mr. Thompson [Board
of Trade, ed.] to the authorities there & he had by personal favor,
unlimited access to all the books & papers of the Board of Trade relating
to Georgia, & he was permitted to have the whole of them copied without
the slightest reservation; & many clerks were employed by him for that
purpose. It seems pretty clear therefore that the Vol. in question was not
amongst that collection; because if it had been it would have been copied
in the ordinary course, & so far from its being in a place where he little
expected to find it, it was there the very place of all others where he was
most likely to find it.
But Mr. Howard's access to those papers had an unlooked for &
most important result. Finding how valuable the collection of Colonial
papers in the Board of Trade were and how essentially they were con-
nected with a similar collection of papers in this office, being in fact
identical with each other, I made a very strong representation in the
proper quarter that those papers should be transferred to this office to be
incorporated with our collection here. I need not trouble you with details
but I have much gratification in acquainting you that the whole of the
papers of the Board of Trade relating to the Colonies have been tran-
sferred to this office; & since their transmission we have got them very
well arranged under their respective Colonies and in chronological order
as far as the contents of the individual volumes would permit.
Every man is (or ought to be) best in his own business; ours is that of
arranging and preserving the valuable papers committed to our charge.
By our superior method of arrangement we have produced a result you
will [be] unprepared for & for the more striking elucidation of which I
must quote a passage in your letter to me of the 26th of May 1841. The
earliest record obtained by Mr. Howard is in 1735 & if [sic] the
proceedings of the Trustees & the President & assistants prior to that date
are altogether unknown to us. You will be surprised to learn that of the
volumes we have obtained from the Board of Trade, no less than 7 con-
tain papers relating to Georgia prior to & during the year 1735, the
earliest commencing in 1732. It seems hardly possible that Mr. Howard
could have had access to these volumes, or else by want of a systematic
method of proceeding he has overlooked their contents. I do not think
either of these volumes can be the one referred to by him for the reason
before stated that they were in the place where he would have expected to
find it, & not the reverse as he states. I know that from the British
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 7
Museum he had procured some papers but to what extent I cannot ascer-
tain, nor whether it is likely the vol. he mentions is there or not.
And now comes the question what is best to be done. If I knew what
Mr. Howard acquired during his mission in Eng. - I might have
something to guide me. Is it practicable to send me a chronological Hst of
his transcripts slightly describing each by stating the date, from whom &
to whom the papers are addressed, thus
1732 Aug. 5 - Oglethorpe to the Sec. of State (S.P.O.)
1732 Aug. 7 - Oglethorpe to the King (Brit. Mus.)
1732 Aug. 9 - Sec. of State to Oglethorpe (B. Trade) etc.
I am well aware that a considerable tract of time must be consumed in
this process, but it is hardly necessary for me to point out to the Society
who are so alive to the subject, that yours is no trivial object & in what
you are now doing you are laying the foundations of history for future
generations. It is therefore expedient that what is done should be done
well & throughly, & not leave your childrens children to regret that any
combination of circumstances should have produced such a lamentable
result as the inefficient execution of so important a work. I suspect you
are deficient of a large proportion of the materials you ought to have,
that are existing in this Country; but whether this arises from the want of
a practical & systematic method of proceeding on the part of Mr.
Howard or whether he was confined by any other consideration, it is not
in my power to say. Surely you can obtain from him where, or in what
collection or depository, he met with the volume he so little expected to
find; that ascertained I could with ease make every other inquiry & in-
form you exactly how the case stands; and then if I were furnished with
such a list of his transcripts as I have before suggested and authorized by
the Society, or by the State (which perhaps would be the most direct way)
I would cheerfully undertake the task of completing your noble work.
Connected with this subject there is one which will be proper to
mention to you. You are perhaps aware that there has been for a long
period an agent in Europe from New York collecting the archives relating
to that State from various collections in Europe, of which ours is by far
the most extensive. Although Mr. Brodhead possesses every qualification
for his mission & will no doubt execute it diligently & faithfully yet he
could not but be aware that in such an extensive search much might be
overlooked, much subsequently acquired by arrangement & much that it
would be necessary to have future reference to. The idea therefore
suggests itself that it would be very desirable to have a confidential
person nominated by the English Government to whom reference for
information might be made without, in the first instance, the in-
tervention of the Secretary of State. In accordance with this idea an
application was made by His Excellency, the American Minister to Lord
1 8 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Aberdeen, on behalf of Mr. Bancroft of New York & his lordship im-
mediately nominated me to enter into direct correspondence with that
gentleman. Though at present this is confined to an individual I think
there cannot be a doubt but that such an agency will assume a more
general character so as to allow of any State or any authorized individual
in a State to apply directly to the person so nominated.
As I am situated, I have free access to every collection in London,
except my own office wherein as it is not one to which the public are
admitted, it is necessary to have the sanction of the Secretary of State for
permission to make use of its invaluable treasures. In the presence
[present] instance therefore if the Society or State of Georgia be desirous
of rendering their historical collections complete, I would suggest for
their consideration that application should be made to the American
Minister here to procure Lord Aberdeen's permission for me to furnish
the State of Georgia with such documents as it may require in completion
of the order & permission formerly granted to Mr. Howard. With such a
permission obtained I should then propose to furnish you with a list of all
such documents as I should ascertain Mr. Howard had not a copy of, so
as thereby to avoid the unnecessary expense of duplicates; for however
liberal a State may be I feel bound to consult its interest with regard to a
proper economy. It would then be in your power to mark exactly what
you felt desirous of having copied, & on the return of the list to me I
should take the necessary steps for procuring the further sanction of the
Secretary of State for such copies, for he directs a list to be submitted to
him of such documents as are required, and reserves to himself a right of
putting a veto upon such as he may not think proper to allow of. This I
mention as it might occur that you would mark for transcription a paper
he might not feel himself authorized to sanction. If however your Society
felt they could place perfect confidence in me to make the collection as
full and complete as possible, this transmission & retransmission of the
list might be spared & consequently so much time saved. The question of
expenditure must remain entirely for your own consideration.
On looking back at my letter I am frightened at its length & am
apprehensive that it must be over tedious to you; but the great im-
portance of the subject has probably led me beyond the just bounds of a
letter. But I trust in this prolixity I have not omitted any essential topic.
From the interest I feel in the subject I shall be anxious until I again hear
from you for I must confess Mr. Howard's position and statements
rather stagger me. Till then I beg to assure you of my utmost regard &
have the honor to remain.
Dear Sir, etc
I. K. Tefft, Esqr. [Lemon, retained copy]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 19
My Dear Sir, Savannah 1 1 Jany. 1844
Your long and valuable letter of the 18th of November has been
received and laid before the Georgia Historical Society at its regular
meeting on the 8th inst. It so happened that Dr. Stevens, the Historian of
the State, now on a visit to this city, was present, and after hearing your
communication read, offered the following resolution which was
unanimously adopted.
"Resolved that the Corresponding Secty. be instructed to transmit
to Robt. Lemon, Esq. brief transcripts of the contents of the Colonial
Documents obtained by the Revd. Mr, Howard, and ascertain from him
what documents yet remain not only in his office, but in all the London
offices to which he has access, and also what will be the expense of
obtaining copies of such papers."
In presenting the resolution Dr. Stevens prefaced it with some
remarks complimentary to the interest which you took in the Society, and
expressive of his pleasure that we had found one so ready and willing to
help us in the very place where, most of all, such a fellow labourer was
wanted.
We were both surprised and delighted with the intelligence contained
in your letter, and ardently hope that the long sought for documents may
at last be obtained.
I shall with this send a letter to His Excellency Edward Everett
requesting that he would officially obtain the consent of Lord Aberdeen
to the examination and transcription by yourself, or your authority, of
the papers referred to in your letter. As soon, therefore, as we get your
estimates of its cost, we will send the proper order.
The other offices to which Dr. Stevens refers are (among others) the
records of the Society for the Propagating the Gospel in foreign parts for
papers relating to the Revd. Dr. Herbert, the first minister who came
over with Oglethorpe. Mr. Quincy, his successor, and others who
followed, especially Wesley & Whitefield. Also the documents in the
Horse Guards relating to the two Courts Martial of Gnl. Oglethorpe -
one on charges preferred by Lt. Col. Cook in June 1744, and the other
preferred by the Duke of Cumberland in Oct. '46.
I am preparing a brief transcript of the papers Mr. Howard ob-
tained, as you demand, and shall send them to you as soon as completed.
In the meantime I hurry'off this letter by the steamer in order to know at
the earliest date the character of the papers in the seven vols, prior to
1735 & the probable expense of transcription.
It is truly to be regretted that the vols, you speak of were not seen
and copied by Mr. Howard, as we are confident from your description
20 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
that he could not have fallen in with them — nor can we divine the nature
of the volume which he said he found in a place where he little expected
it.
I am Dear Sir, Very truly,
Your obliged friend,
/s/ I. K. Tefft
Cor. Scy Geo His Soc
Robt. Lemon, Esq.
State Paper Office
London
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 21
[Savannah Republican]
SAVANNAH
Friday Morning, January 12
GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY - First Monthly Meeting-
January 1844. - The regular monthly meeting of this Association, was
held at the rooms of the Society, on Monday evening, the 8th instant.
Notwithstanding the unpropitious forebodings of an inclement night, we
were happy to learn, that a respectable number of members promptly
appeared at their post. The first fruits of the labors of the Georgia
Historical Society, are now approaching the state of maturity; and we
confidently predict, that future generations will look back upon her
efforts, as truly worthy of the attention of great minds, and as having
conferred a great national blessing on posterity. We allude, more par-
ticularly, to the statements contained in a paper by Mr. ROBERT
LEMON, of the State Paper Office, London; which were elicited by a
letter which the Corresponding Secretary addressed to that gentleman.
Mr. LEMON announced the important fact, that all the papers of the
Board of Trade having been transferred to his office, he was astonished
and gratified to find, that they embraced seven volumes of documents
relating to the colonization of Georgia, extending from 1732 -'35, which
Mr. HOWARD, failed to procure. As Mr. LEMON assures us that Mr.
HOWARD had unrestricted access to the documents of the Board of
Trade, the failure to obtain them, can be ascribed to nothing less than
singular oversight or inefficient exertion. These papers will, when
procured, supply the hiatus in our Colonial history, which has heretofore
prevented Dr. Wm. B. STEVENS from progressing in the great un-
dertaking of preparing a complete History of Georgia. Mr. Lemon has
generously offered his services in procuring accurate transcripts of these
documents for the Society. It is proper to remark, that out of the twenty-
two volumes obtained by Mr. HOWARD, almost 5/>:of them, are utterly
usless, being nothing more than duplicates of the others. None of the
records, procured by him, are anterior to the 17th of Aug. 1735. Had the
History of Georgia gone forth to the world, without the light afforded by
the colonial documents embraced in the period from 1732 to 1735 in-
clusive, its incompleteness would have been a source of mortification to
Dr. STEVENS, and of abiding disgrace to the State of Georgia. It is for
this reason that Dr. STEVENS has heretofore refused to proceed with
the history until these necessary papers could be procured; insisting most
positively, that they must be in existence somewhere - and very justly
observing that an enterprise so important as the colonization of Georgia,
and which moved all Europe at that time - could not have been carried on
without leaving some traces of its progress in the records of the times.
22 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
This great disideratum will now be shortly supplied by the researches of
Mr. LEMON of London, under the instructions of the Georgia
Historical Society. Several other important communications were read
by the Corresponding Secretary, which we have not time to notice in
detail. Among them, were letters from Prof. WM. McKENZIE of
Edinburgh, and WM. B. HODGSON, Esq. of this city, presenting
valuable Spanish documents relating to the siege of St. Augustine by
GENERAL OGLETHORPE. After the reading of these papers. Dr.
WM. B. STEVENS, embraced the occasion to express his high
gratification at being able to meet the members of the Society, under
such auspicious circumstances. His remarks, though brief, were
characterized by his usual appositeness of expression, and justness and
reasoning.
[Clipping enclosed with Tefft's letter of 15 March.]
State Paper Office
22 Feb. 1844
Sir,
Having been authorized by Lord Aberdeen to enter into
correspondence with Mr. Bancroft of New York for the purpose of
procuring & transmitting to that gentleman historical documents relating
to America, I have the honor to request that I may be permitted to
examine the Register Books of the P. Council from 1764 to 1768 & to
make copies of such entries relating to America as may be required.
I have also to request similar permission for any entries relating to
the State of Georgia from the year 1730.
I have the honor &c,
/s/R.L.
[retained copy]
J. B. Lennard, Esqr.
Council Office
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 23
[SAVANNAH REPUBLICAN]
SAVANNAH
Tuesday Morning, March 5 [1844]
THE GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY PAPERS.
Letter from the Rev. C. W. Howard. -We publish below a letter from the
Rev. Mr. HOWARD in justification of his course as the agent of this
State, to procure documents relating to the colonial history of Georgia.
While it gives us pleasure to do justice in the premises to others, it is not
the less necessary to do justice to ourselves, and it is therefore proper to
state particularly the nature of the information on which our remarks
were based.
It will be remembered that some years since the sum of six thousand
dollars was appropriated to procure copies of the documents in London
illustrating the early history of Georgia, and Mr. HOWARD was ap-
pointed agent for that purpose. The volumes transcribed under his
direction have been placed by act of the Legislature, in the custody of the
Georgia Historical Society. It appears however, that these volumes do
not cover the whole ground, for they contain nothing prior to August
1735, and hence it is impossible for Dr. STEVENS to go on with his
history. At the monthly meeting of the Society of the 12th January last, a
letter was read from ROBERT LEMON Esq. in charge of the State
Paper Office in London, in reply to one from the corresponding
Secretary of the Society asking information about the deficient
documents, and it was upon the statements made in that letter that we
attributed to Mr. HOWARD either singular oversight or inefficient
exertion. How far we were justified as journalists in such an assertion
may be inferred from the following quotations from Mr. LEMON'S
letter:
Mr. LEMON says: "It was a matter of several anxious con-
versations between Mr. HOWARD and myself, as to where the previous
documents (those prior to 1735) could be, and I having intimate official
connexion with the Council office and Board of Trade, suggested the
possibility of their existence among the records of those offices, and I
personally introduced Mr. HOWARD to the authorities there, and he
had, by personal favor unlimited access to all the books and papers of
the Board of Trade relating to Georgia, and he was permitted to have the
whole of them copied without the slightest reservation, and many clerks
were employed by him for that purpose."
Such is the statement of Mr. LEMON, and he distinctly avows that
since the papers of the Board of Trade were transferred to his own office,
he has discovered the missing documents among them, and they were so
24 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
transferred from the Board of Trade to the State Paper office, through a
strong representation made by him. Hence the access of Mr. HOWARD
to the papers was attended with one important result, that of their
transfer the application therefor being made after discovery of the almost
absolute identity of these papers with a similar collection in the State
Paper office.
We quote from Mr. LEMON's letter again, in reply to that part of
the Corresponding Secretary's letter, where he says that "the earliest
record obtained by Mr. Howard, was in 1735." He says - "You will be
surprised to learn that of the volumes we have obtained from the Board
of Trade no less than seven contain papers relating to Georgia prior to
and during the year 1 735, the earliest commencing in 1 732. "
The substance of all this is- that Mr. HOWARD had unlimited
access to the Board of Trade where in fact the major part of his papers
were copied, for only six of his volumes are from the State Paper Office -
that the papers to which he had access were afterwards transferred to the
State Paper Office, and among them were found seven volumes of which
he has rendered no account, and which exactly supply the deficiency
noticed. With this information before him the reader can judge how far
we were justified in our remarks. Having said thus much, we direct at-
tention to the letter which follows:
CASS COUNTY FEB. 20, 1844
Editors of the Savannah Republican
Gentlemen: - A few days since, a number of your paper was sent me,
containing an article, (editorial I presume) in which very severe com-
ments were made upon my conduct as Agent of Georgia, in collecting
documents relating to her colonial history. It is a subject of regret that so
long a time should have elapsed before the article referred to, reached
me, and I hasten to correct the very injurious impression it is well
calculated to produce.
The statement of Mr. Lemon, on which you base the serious charge,
"either of singular oversight or inefficient exertion" upon my part, is
wholly without foundation. Mr. Lemon, a subordinate keeper of papers,
from his position, could scarcely be expected to know what permission
was granted me by his superiors, except so far as it might contain orders
to himself; and he should have been cautious in making statements like
those, which your paper asserts to have been addressed by him to the
Historical Society. The statement in effect is, that Mr. HOWARD had
unlimited access to all the public offices in London - that since his return,
important papers have been discovered, which should have been copied
by him, and brought to Georgia; and upon this statement is based the
charge contained in your paper.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 25
As you Gentlemen, have brought my name, thus unpleasantly
before the public, it is hoped that you will allow an opportunity of a full
defense; and to make this defense, it may be necessary to enter into a
somewhat tedious account of my mission - this, there can be no doubt
you will assent to, as it is as much a part of your duty to correct errors
arising from misrepresentation, as it is to censure those public servants
who have failed in their duty to the State.
While in Washington, on the way to Europe, I was assured by Mr.
Forsyth, then Secretary of State, that it was useless to go further - that
the Duke of Wellington had peremptorialy refused to grant a similar
application, in the case of Messrs. Clarke and Force - an application, if I
mistake not, sustained by an ample recommendation from Congress.
Determined, however, to prosecute the work, I went to London, and
a few days after my arrival, which was in the early part of June, the
application of Georgia was presented by Mr. Stevenson, our Minister, to
Vicount Palmerston. Three or four months elapsed, without any notice
of the application. Fearful that the remark of Mr. Forsyth was founded
on truth, a letter was addressed by me to Gov. Gilmer, intimating that
from the apparent hopelessness of the case, it might be judicious to recall
me. In reply, a direction was received to wait until an answer affirmative
or negative was given.
Another communication was addressed by Mr. Stevenson to the
Foreign Office, and on the 30th October (five months nearly after my
arrival) the following note was addressed me in reply:
DOWNING STREET 30th Oct. 1838
Sir, - I am directed by Lord Glenelg to acquaint you, that in compliance
with the request of Vicount Palmerston, instructions were given on the
26th instant, to the keeper of H. M. State Papers, to allow you to inspect
and make extracts from the documents and records of that office relating
to the State of Georgia, from their commencement in 1735 down to the
year 1775 inclusive, but no later. On presenting this letter to the officers
of that establishment, access will accordingly be afforded you to those
records.
I have the honor to be. Sir, your most obedient and humble servant,
JAS. STEPHEN
C. W. HOWARD &c.
On being admitted to the State Paper office, I was permitted to
examine the volumes handed me to the year specified, but not to examine
if there were others relating to Georgia. Such was the rigid construction
of this permission that a request to be allowed to introduce a clerk to aid
in transcription was promptly refused.
26 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Soon after this, the then Mr. Poulett Thompson, President of the
Board of Trade, gave a verbal permission, to examine the documents
relating to Georgia in his office, and which would be placed in my hands
by one of the officers of that establishment. A separate room was
courteously assigned me, in which an unlimited number of clerks was
allowed to be introduced - and I was assured everything relating to
Georgia was there deposited for my use and in that office, I never had an
opportunity for an instant, to look at any other papers but those placed
in my hands. In what sense can I then be responsible for not discovering
papers, when no opportunity for search was allowed. Here, however,
there was no restriction from any sensitiveness upon the subject. The
gentleman in charge of the office, supposed I was furnished with every
material which the office afforded; the omission of the missing
documents must have been an unintentional oversight of the person
directed to furnish me with everything relating to Georgia.
An application at the Horse Guards, was promptly acceded to by
Lord Hill, but was fruitless in results. In the British Museum a few
papers of interest were discovered and copied.
Being satisfied of the general importance of the documents in the
Board of Trade, and convinced that nothing trivial would have been
bound in the form of grave record, the transcription of those papers was
committed to a number of clerks; my own investigations being pursued
elsewhere - the length of my previous detention occasioned this step, and
hence to my regret, the fact of duplicates being found among the MSS.
When it was ascertained that the documents relating to the earliest
years of Georgia, were not to be found in the above mentioned offices,
the most unwearied efforts were put forth to find them elsewhere.
Among others, Mr. Lemon, a member of an Antiquarian Society, was
requested through that Society, to aid me in this search. I was assured by
him, that the search was made, but in vain. And the conclusion was, that
they were destroyed when the Trustees' office was removed from
Queen's Square.
In view of these statements, I trust. Gentlemen, that you will
exonerate me from the very serious charge of "either singular oversight,
or inefficient exertion," as agent of the State. If the statement of Mr.
Lemon had been correct, there was evident ground of censure, but being
entirely unfounded, as no opportunity for examination was allowed,
except into papers placed in my possession, no just person can hold me
responsible for not doing that which was utterly beyond my power.
I have the honor to be, gentlemen, your obedient and humble
servant.
C. W. HOWARD
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 27
Foreign office
March?, 1844
Sir,
Mr. Everett, Minister of the United States of America at this Court,
having appHed to the Earl of Aberdeen for permission for Mr. R.
Lemon, an American Gentleman, [sic] to examine and transcribe all
papers in the State Paper Office relating to the State of Georgia, between
the years 1731 and 1735, I am directed by His Lordship to request that
you will permit this Gentleman, subject to the usual restrictions in such
cases, to inspect and make a note of such documents as he may wish to
transcribe.
And when those documents shall have been so noted, I am to request
that you will transmit a list thereof to this Department for Lord Aber-
deen's inspection and approval.
I am, etc.
(signed) H. U. Addington
TheRt.Honble.
Henry Hobhouse
London, 13 March 1844
My dear Sir,
I have the pleasure to enclose you a copy of a note received yesterday
from the Foreign Office, from which you will perceive that the ap-
plication for permission to copy the documents which your Society
desires to procure relative to the history of Georgia, has been granted.
The "usual restrictions" alluded to by Lord Aberdeen are that before
final consent is given for the transcription of a document, it shall have
been examined by a person designated for that purpose at the Foreign
Office.
I am. Dear Sir, very respectfully,
& faithfully yours,
/s/ Edward Everett
I.K.Tefft, Esq.
Copy
The undersigned. Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for
Foreign Affairs, has the honor to acknowledge the receipt of the letter
dated the 22d ultimo, from Mr. Everett, Envoy Extraordinary & Minister
Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, and begs leave to
acquaint him in reply, that the necessary directions have been issued to
enable Mr. R. Lemon to examine all the documents in the State Paper
28 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Office, relating to the history of the State of Georgia between the years
1731 and 1735, subject however to the restrictions usual in such cases.
The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to renew to Mr.
Everett the assurance of his high consideration.
(signed) Aberdeen
Foreign Office
11 March 1844
Dear Sir, Savannah 15th Mar, 1844
Referring you to my letter of the 11th January, I regret to inform
you that owing to a severe & protracted illness, I have been unable to
prepare the hst of the Colonial Documents obtained by the Revd Mr,
Howard as the agent of the State of Georgia and I regret further to in-
form you that a controversy has arisen on account of these manuscripts.
At the monthly meeting of our Society in January last Dr, Stevens, who
was then on a visit to this city, made a few remarks before the Society
respecting his progress in the work which he is preparing - the history of
the state; and among other things of the embarassments which he had to
encounter, and in this connection, had occasion to advert to the
documents obtained by Mr, Howard, His strictures on this gentleman's
labors (which were not intended to go abroad) were, however, reported
by a member present to one of our City papers, the Savannah
Republican, with comments of his own, which has called forth a reply
from Mr. Howard. I have deemed it my duty to transmit to you the
papers, that you may take such notice of their contents as you please, if
indeed you consider them worthy of any attention.
If your judgment should determine you to reply to Mr. Howard's
communication, will you have the kindness, at the same time, to furnish
me with the paragraph in my letter which occasioned your observations
on Mr. H., as I kept no copy, and it may be necessary for me, in justice
to myself, to be ready to show the extent of my interference.
I have just received a letter from Dr. Stevens, in which he says "He
(Mr. H.) distinctly gave me to understand in our interview with him, to
which you allude, that he had full and unlimited access to the Georgia
Papers prior to the Revolution, that he found no papers prior to 1735,
except one volume just before his departure from London, which he left
to be copied (having paid for the transcription) and to be forwarded to
him through Mr. Forsyth, and which he was daily expecting. He said
nothing to us about being denied access to papers prior to 1735, but I
understood him to say that upon due search he found only the volume
above mentioned."
On referring to the Colonial Documents obtained by Mr. Howard
from your office, I find that the date of the 13th of Jany. 1750 closes the
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 29
2nd vol., and the 17th Oct. 1761 opens the 3rd vol., leaving an interval of
more than ten years! I will write to you by the next steamer - meanwhile,
I remain, dear sir. Very truly your obliged
friend.
Robt. Lemon, Esq. /s/ I. K. Tefft
S.P.O.
Dear Sir, March 28, 1844
I am at last enabled to acknowledge the receipt of your favor dated
on the 11th of January, 1844 and it is no little gratification to me to find
that what I have been able to communicate to you has been to the
satisfaction of the Georgia Hist. Soc. Your letter intimated to me that
application would be made by the American Minister for permission for
me to make researches in this office for papers relating to Georgia, & I
therefore expected shortly after I received your letter to receive sufficient
authority for that purpose, but that authorization did not reach this
office till the 7th instant - which has of course somewhat delayed my
reply to you. The application of your Minister was limited to papers
between 1731 and 1735. Therefore at present I am confined within those
periods; but I suspect that I shall find many letters & papers posterior to
1735 that Mr. Howard either has not had access to or has overlooked &
in that case, I shall apply to the Secretary of State for an extention of his
order, which I think I can effect without troubling your Minister.
I have made a very careful estimate of the papers in this office
relating to Georgia from 1732 to 1735 and I find the expense of copying
alone would reach to between £130 and £150. But I beg of you par-
ticularly to observe that this is inclusive of the year 1735. If you have
most or all of the papers of that year, the estimate must be reduced full
one third. Of this you will be best able to judge on consulting the abstract
of Mr. Howard's transcripts which you are in the course of preparing, &
for your better guidance I send you inclosed an exact account of the
volumes relating to Georgia from the Board of Trade & in this office. Of
the Board of Trade volumes, I beg your attention to the following
remarks.
Of those I have marked with a red ink tick, I suspect you have no
transcripts, & indeed I think down to No. 17 on the list Mr. Howard
could not have seen, as many of those volumes contain dates prior to
1735. From No. 17 to 22 is a series of volumes running as you will per-
ceive from Vol. 2 to Vol. 7 inclusive, from 1734 to 1745. The question
naturally will be asked where is Vol. I. I wish 1 could & I wish Mr.
Howard would tell you; for that is evidently the volume missing &
contains the original papers from 1732 to 1734.
30 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
From No. 1 to 24 in the list, comprises the papers & transactions of
the Georgia Trustees, complete (with the unhappy exception just
mentioned) down to the year 1752 when the power of the Trustees as
limited by their Charter came to an end, & the Government of the Colony
vested in the Crown. Vol. 25 in the list commences the correspondence of
the Colony with the Board of Trade direct, & that continues to the end in
1782.
From Vols 34 to 50 are minutes of the Council & assembly of
Georgia, of which you will be able to inform me if you have them or not.
Vol. 51 is an interesting and valuable report which if you have it not,
it is quite fit you should have.
Vol. 52 speaks for itself & Vol. 53 is apparently an individual affair,
of the interest of which you will be the best judge.
This list will probably enable you to see to what extent Mr. Howard
has made his researches, & I shall feel obliged if you will do me the favor
to return it with any remarks you may think fit for my guidance
hereafter.
I have all along been led to think that the early materials & papers
relating to Georgia were wholly wanting. With the single exception of the
one volume before mentioned, there is not in the whole range of the
United States any Colony whose history from its earliest formation could
be so clearly, so circumstantially developed.
The main question is that of expense. If Mr. Howard has made his
selection imperfectly, if the Journals of the Trustees (No. 1 to 3) & the
Minutes of their Council (No. 4 to 6) have been passed over by that
gentleman, the estimate I have before named must be at least doubled if
not trebled in the event of the State of Georgia desiring to possess
transcripts of them. If the amount of the transcripts required should be
of a greater magnitude than what my first estimate includes, the State
may feel assured that what ever fund it may place at my disposal for that
purpose shall be administered with the utmost economy & frugality
consistent with the importance of the object in view.
With respect to the signature of Oglethorpe (the facsimile of which I
return) I have looked over upwards of 150 of his signatures and all are
written at length James Oglethorpe except occasionally, tho' rarely when
pressed for time or space, J. Oglethorpe, but not one instance occurs
with the addition of Edwd. All the formal & legal documents call him
James, only, without any other additional name, & I should doubt very
much the genuineness of a signature similar to like this facsimile.
I have the honor &c.
/s/ Robt. Lemon
[The Georgia Historical Society has both the original and Lemon's
retained copy of this letter.]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
31
B. T
Vol. 1
Vol.2
Vol.7
(in print)
see 1 742 & 1750
Vols
1732-1736
1732-1736 Apl.
1732 June
1734/5 Jan. 9
1735 Apl. 3
1734/5 Jan. 9
1734/5 Apl. 3
1734/5 Jan. 9
1734/5 Apl. 3
1732 to 1735
p. 1 to 280 12 1732 to 1735
(vol.2) 17 1734 to 1735
Georgia 25 Mar. 1844
Journal of Trustees 550
Minutes of Com. Council 660
Charter of Georgia 1 1 5
Act of Trustees, for Trade
with Indians 50
Indians, Co. Order 6
Do. for Import of Rum &c 15
Council orders 6
Do. Defense 13
Council order 6
Secretary's & accountants
letter entry book 500
Agreements, Instructions,
grants, etc. 850
Correspondence 1000
18
19
51
5320 at 6
2'0)266'0
133-0-0
1735 Do.
1735 to end of year Do.
1732 Report of Trustees to Bd.
Trade.
of
700
450
400
5320
[the above is apparently a worksheet which Mr. Lemon used to arrive at
his estimate; then he retained his work sheet as a file copy pending return
of orginal.]
B. of Trade
Georgia
1
Journal of the Georgia
Trustees
1732 to 1737 +
2
Journal of the same
1737 to 1745 +
3
Journal of the same
1745 to 1752 +
4
Minutes of the Cou
ncil
of Trustees
1732 to 1736 +
5
Minutes of the same
1736 to 1741 +
6
Minutes of the same
1741 to 1752 +
7
Entry, of Charter
of
Georgia and acts
of
Council
1732 June +
32
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
8
Entry Book (letters/rom
Trustees)
1732 to 1736 +
9
Entry Book
Do
1736 to 1740
10
Entry Book
Do
1740 to 1749
11
Entry Book
Do
1749 to 1752
12
Entry Book,
ts, Leases, 1
&c.
Agreemen-
nstructions,
1732 to 1740 +
13
Entry Book
Do
1740 to 1752
14 (A)
Entry Book
1752 to 1757
15 (B)
Entry Book
1758 to 1760
16 (C)
Entry Book
1761 to 1781
17 (Vol 2)
Original Papers
1734 to 1735 +
18 (Vol 3)
Do
1735
19 (Vol
4 )
Do
1735 to 1736
20 (Vol 5)
Do
1736 to 1737
21 (Vol 6)
Do
1737 to 1741
22 (Vol?)
Do
1741 to 1745
23
Do
1745 to 1750
24
Do
1750 to 1752
25 to 33 (A to I)
Do 9 volumes
1752 to 1782
Vol. 34
Minutes of Council and
Assembly
1741 to 1753
35 to 50
Do. Do.
16 vols.
1753 to 1780
51
Account of
the Colony
Progress of
- being a
Report to the Board of
Trade
1732 to 1740 +
52
Abstract of
Land
Grants of
1760 to 1768
53 Answer to charges again-
st the Revd. T. Bosem-
worth concerning the In-
dian War in 1749.
1756 +
[+ indicates red tick.]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
State Paper Office
33
Vol. 24
Vol. 25
Vol. 26
Vol.212
Vol. 213to219
Vol. 360
Original Papers
Do
Do
Entry Books
Do
Do
1735 to 1741
1742 to 1746
1747 to 1751
1761 to 1766
1766 to 1780
1766 to 1782
/Notation/
Sent to Georgia - 28 Mar. 1844
Reed, back -16 Aug
[in pencil across top of page/Stormont Papers accidentally omitted in former list]
France. Vol. 497
1776 - Dec. 1 1 Lord Stormont to Sec. of State
1776 -Dec. 23 Same to Same
[on another sheet]
Plant's Gen'lS. P.O.
Vol.251.
1765 Oct. 27
*****
Not proposed to copy, but to refer.
Letter from Mr. Huske to Mr. Sec. Conway, inclosing "Ob-
servations on the Trade of Great Britain to her American
Colonies & on their trade to Foreign Plantations; with a plan
for retrieving, extending & securing thereof."
*****
[on another sheet]
1844 Jan. 24
10
hr.
1 Plant'sGen'l. B.T. Vol.
25 1
26 1
30 1
31 2
Feb. 1 2
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
S.P.O.
1 Domestic Corres. S.P.O
20
26
Extracted
26, 27, 45
and intro-
46
duced before
251,252,253
Itr. 22 Feb.
330
1844
2 Bundles 1765-8
[on reverse side, in pencil] Georgia
[another sheet]
for future use, if ever ■
Whitehall Cor[respondence] Georgia
Vol. 62 red.
Bedford to Commander in Georgia 28 May 1748
34
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Lords Just's. Minute Bk.
10 June 1752
Memorial in Silk Trade in Georgia, entered in full in
Letter Book, same date, p. 84 also p. 101 .
ib30Jun
Report & minute & report thereon.
Whit. Corr.)
Vol. 62 red.)
Petition of Capt. of Compy. in N. York for an ex-
pedit'n ag't Canada. (3 June 1748)
ib
Report thereon (16 Aug. ")
[on a scrap of paper]
Georgia
(S.P.O.) 1735 -to 1751
1761 -to 1782
(B. ofT.) 1732 -to 1768
[another scrap of paper]
1732/3
Feb. 10
1732/3
Jan. 31
1732/3
Mar. 22
1735
July 2
1737
Aug. 10
1738
Dec. 9
1738/9
Jan. 3
1739
Mar. 13
1739
June 20
Ogle, to Trust. Report p. 16.
Lombe to Trustees. Apx No. 1 .
Letter in So. Carolina Gazette-Do. No. 2.
Proposition for New Colony.
Trustees Memorial to the King.
Memorial of Settlers in Georgia.
Memorial of Highlanders.
Do. of Salzburghers
Ans. of Trustees to Settlers.
[in pencil] 356 fol.
[Apparently the above notes of Lemon's research were used in preparing his estimates.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 35
Daily Republican
Savannah
Thursday Morning, March 28 1844
We have received the following letter from the Rev. Mr.
HOWARD which we publish without comment at present. We presume
that in due season Mr. LEMON will reply to Mr. HOWARD'S first
letter:
CASS COUNTY MARCH 18, 1844.
To the Editors of the Republican:
Gentlemen: - A number of your paper containing my letter to you, is
before me. The letter is preceded by an editorial article, upon which I feel
bound to make a few comments. Its conclusion is as follows: "The
substance of all this is, that Mr. HOWARD had unlimited access to the
Board of Trade, &c."
If you mean to assert this, as your conviction of the facts in the case,
you manifest an utter want of confidence in my veracity, after the
statements in my letter, and as a clergyman, of course, you leave me
nothing further to say.
But if you mean, in that paragraph, to embody the substance of Mr.
Lemon's letter, all objection vanishes - the insertion of his name would
have freed it from all ambiguity, and would have left the issue between
Mr. Lemon and myself.
It is proper for me to acquit Mr. Lemon of intentional error - the
opinion formed of him during a slight acquaintance would prevent my
entertaining a doubt as to the honesty of his intentions.
You assign Mr. Lemon a position varying from the one given him in
my letter. I know not what changes may have occurred, but when I knew
him, he was a "subordinate keeper of papers in the State Paper Office;
"Mr. Lechmere, a gentleman many years his junior, being in charge of
that establishment. Mr. Lemon was brought by myself to the notice of a
member of the Historical Society, as an industrious person, who would
attend faithfully to any inquiries which the Society might commit to him.
This was at his request - adding that the sending of agents was un-
necessary, as he being on the spot would attend to the transcribing of
documents wanted by Georgia and the other States of the Union, relating
to their colonial history - a request which I have thought unnecessary
heretofore to make pubHc.
Mr. Lemon mentions himself as personally introducing me into the
Board of Trade. I regarded him as the simple bearer of a permission from
the proper authority - a permission which could have hardly been refused
by any public office in London - Vicount Palmerston's request being
35 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
equal to a general passport. It appears however, that I underrated the
extent of Mr. Lemon's influence.
That gentleman is wrong as to the nature of the access granted to the
Board of Trade. It was unlimited as to the papers placed in my hands,
but included no opportunity for examination, if other papers relating to
Georgia were in the office - because, they had no idea any other papers
were to be found. Of this I am satisfied, as the greatest liberality was
extended to me in that office. It was hardly probable, after the anxious
conversations with Mr. Howard, concerning these very papers, of which
Mr. Lemon speakes, that I should have neglected any opportunity of
obtaining them.
The question naturally arises, why an uninterested person should
make a statement of this character, unless it was strictly true. You can
see from the above statements how easily Mr. LEMON, after the sur-
prising discovery of the missing papers, and knowing the general cor-
diality of my reception in the Board of Trade, and not the particulars of
the case, could be led to use the expressions contained in his letter. It is a
matter of regret that his language was not more precise, as it has sub-
jected me to a charge of unfaithfulness in a public trust. And I have been
thus patient and particular in reply, as his letter and your editorial article
were calculated to do me serious injury in public estimation. I have the
honor to be gentlemen.
Your obedient servant,
C. W. Howard
S.P.O.
29 March 1844
Sir,
Being engaged in collecting materials relative to the History of
Georgia, I find it desirable to have copies of the proceedings of a court
martial held on General Oglethorpe in 1746 which I understand are in
your office. I have therefore the honor most respectfully to request that
you will have the goodness to move the Rt. Hon. The Judge Advocate
General to grant me permission to have copies of the above proceedings.
As the object for which I desire to have these papers is purely
historical & as the funds placed at my disposal are very limited, I have
Ukewise to solicit the indulgence to make these copies either by myself or
by some other gentleman in whom full confidence may be placed.
I have the honor to remain
Sir
Your most obt.
[Retained Copy]
F. N. Rogers, Esqr.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 37
Dear Sir, Savannah 30th Mar. 1844
Referring you to my letter of the 15th inst., I deem it my duty to
keep you advised of the belligerant movements of the Revd. Mr.
Howard, of which you are the object, and I therefore transmit you a
copy of the Savannah Republican of the 28th inst., in which you will find
a renewal of hostilities!
I deeply regret that your kind and zealous efforts in behalf of our
Historical Society, should have brought your name before the public in
this mode; and if you will allow me to offer an opinion, I would submit
that even if you consider the matter worthy of notice, it might be
despatched in very few words.
Owing to my recent protracted illness, I have been quite unable to
prepare the list of Colonial Documents obtained by Mr. Howard, but I
have adopted measures to place in your hands, at an early day, a succinct
sketch of their contents prepared by Dr. Stevens for Col. Force of
Washington: Wm. B. Hodgson, Esqr., a very able and zealous member
of our Society, who left here last evg. for that city, will on his arrival
cause a copy of the document to be made and transmitted to you through
our Minister, Mr. Everett.
I am Dear Sir,
With great respect & regard.
Yours Very truly,
/s/I.K. Tefft
PS. Lest the copy of the Republican may not reach you, I have cut out
and enclose herewith Mr. Howard's second communication.
Rob. Lemon, Esq.
State Paper Office
London
Merthymaur
Bridgend
Wales
8Aprill844
Sir,
Mr. Rogers who has been long very ill sent me your note requesting
that you might be allowed to copy the proceedings of a Court Martial
deposited in my office. As your object is literary & historical I should be
glad to offer you every reasonable & proper facility & on my return to
38 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
town will ascertain whether there is any insuperable objection to a
compliance with your desire - I shall be obliged to you to write me a note
on Monday to Great Pery [?] Street to refresh my memory.
I am sir,
Yourobt. servt.
/s/ John Nichols
— Lemon, Esqr.
Judge Advocate General's Office
17th Aprill 844
Sir,
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1 5th
inst. and to acquaint you that I find on enquiry at this Office that my
predecessors have uniformly declined to allow copies of the Proceedings
deposited in this office to be made by any person whomsoever un-
connected with this Office, and I regret that I do not feel at liberty to
make an exception in your favor.
You can however see the Proceedings at this Office and make any
notes therefrom that you wish.
I have the honor to be
Sir,
Your most Obed. Servant
/s/ John Nichols
Robert Lemon, Esqr.
State Paper Office
Horseguards
Documents relating to two Courts Martial on Gen'l. Oglethorpe; one on
charges preferred by Lt. Col. Cooke in June 1744, and the other on
charges preferred by the Duke of Cumberland in Oct. 1746.
Mr. Scollick
Judge Adv. General's
Office
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 39
[on reverse side]
There are no papers in the Judge Advocate Gen'ls. Office of Proceedings
agt. [against] Gen'l. Oglethorpe in 1744.
The Court Martial in 1746 extends to abt. 140 pages, & an office copy is
charged at Is p page.
[this is in the hand of Robert Lemon.]
Mr. Francis R. Rives presents his compliments to Mr. Lemon, and
begs to acknowledge the receipt of a note this morning from the State
Paper Office, which will be forwarded to the address of Mr. L K. Tefft
by the Royal Mail Steamer of the 4th of May. Mr. Rives begs also to
inform Mr. Lemon that he transmitted, by the last steamer, to Mr.
Bancroft a packet received from Mr. Lemon.
20 April 1844
46 Grosvenor Place
S.P.O.
17Apl. 1844
Dear Sir,
Your last favor dated the 15th of March reached me yesterday, & I
lose no time in replying to it as far as concerns the documents procured
by Mr. Howard in London, relative to the History of Georgia.
It is a matter of regret to me that Mr. Howard should have permitted
himself to indulge in an acrimonious strain against me, that I feel & know
to be wholly undeserved. He has thought fit to designate me
disparagingly as "a subordinate keeper of papers & from my position
could scarcely be expected to know what permission was granted to me
(Mr. Howard) by his superiors. " Personally this is very immaterial to
me: I am very willing to be designated a subordinate keeper of papers as
long as I do my duty in the station in which I am placed. But as by this he
seems to imply that I am something less than I have aspired to be, or not
so much as I ought to be to warrant my expressing a decided opinion on
the subject of my own office, I think it due to those gentlemen who have
honored me with their correspondence & in particular to the Historical
Society, to inform them what official appointments I actually do hold. I
have the honor to be Chief Clerk in Her Majesty's State Paper Office,
40 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
and Secretary to the Royal Commission for Printing & Publishing State
Papers: both very honorable & confidential offices. In the first office, I
have been 24 years and by my position I know exactly the extent of
every permission granted by my superiors to whomsoever they give access
to this office: although Mr. Howard is pleased to assume the contrary. I
am very unwilling to introduce so much personal matter; but I thought it
best once for all to settle my identity.
I have read very carefully my letter to the Historical Society of the
18th of Nov. 1843 and although that was written without the slightest
idea of publicity beyond the walls of the Society to whom it was ad-
dressed, yet on reperusal I cannot recal[l] a single statement I have made
in it. I have read with equal attention Mr. Howard's letter of Feb. 20,
1844 published in the Savannah Republican & it strikes me that he con-
firms, & more than confirms, every statement I have made, & I cannot
conceive how he arrives at his conclusion that my statement "is wholly
without foundation." Facts are very stubborn things. It is a fact that Mr.
Howard has not procured any paper prior to 1735 and it is a fact that 6 or
7 volumes prior to 1735 exist which were among the records of the Board
of Trade, to those records Mr. Howard admits he had the fullest access
but whether those identical volumes were placed before him or not, or
whether he made sufficient inquiries if other documents than those so
placed before him might possibly exist, I am not prepared to say. Of this
I am assured that the extremely liberal sum set apart by the State of
Georgia for the noble object of collecting its historical archives warran-
ted the most rigid inquiries and called for the most systematic superin-
tendence; & I think no one ought to be particularly sensitive on the score
of negligence who is compelled to admit that under his personal superin-
tendence he allowed nearly six volumes of duplicates to be copied
without detection: an occurance I venture to assert for the honor of the
profession of Record Agency, wholly without paralled.
In a passage of my letter of the 18th of Nov. I did full justice to Mr,
Howard with reference to these early volumes by saying "It seems hardly
possible that Mr. Howard could have had access to these volumes." and
because I have been the mere instrument of pointing them out to the
Historical Society, as it was my duty to do by reason of their tran-
sferrence to this office subsequent to Mr. Howard's departure, that
gentleman falls foul of me as if I had done him a personal injury.
Mr. Howard further states "on being admitted to the State Paper
Office I was permitted to examine the volumes handed to me to the year
specified," and he then adds "but not to examine if there were others
relating to Georgia. " This is an unworthy insinuation. Mr. Howard was
met with the utmost frankness; every paper in the office relating to
Georgia within the limits of the Secretary of State's order were
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 41
unreservedly placed in his hands & he was made fully aware that we had
nothing relating to Georgia prior to Aug. 1735.
I have only one other observation of Mr. Howard's to notice. He
states that when the earlier Georgia papers were not found in their proper
place "the most unwearied efforts were put forth to find them elsewhere.
Among others, Mr. Lemon a member of an Antiquarian Society was
requested thro' that Society to aid me in this search." This is altogether
but doubtless unintentionally erroneous. 1 am a member of the
Antiquarian Society of London, but I never had any communication
from that or any other Society relative to Mr. Howard, directly or in-
directly.
1 observe Mr. Howard in his letter is wholly silent with respect to the
early volume he states he is said to have discovered just previous to his
leaving England & left a sum of money for its transcription: which
transcripts have not yet been forthcoming. As this is a very serious
charge. I respectfully submit it is incumbent on the State of Georgia to
require of Mr. Howard, its pubHc authorized agent, a full & unequivocal
declaration where he discovered that volume & with whom he left the
money for its transcription. I presume Mr. Howard will easily be able to
do this, as it is not to be thought for a moment that he would leave a sum
of public money in a foreign country without due & sufficient
acknowledgement.
In conclusion, I beg to state that you may make whatever use you
please of this communication; & I have the honor to remain. Dear Sir,
Very truly yours,
/s/ Robt. Lemon
To. Mr. Tefft
[The Society has both the original and Lemon's retained copy of this
letter.]
State Paper Office
17 June 1844
Dear Sir,
I have much pleasure in acknowledging your favor of 30th March
with its enclosure and also with a number of the Savannah Republican of
the 28th of that month containing an article by Mr. Howard relative to
the Georgia Transcripts. Long before this reaches you, you will have
received my last letter, in which I fully enter into the question between
Mr. Howard and the State on the subject of those transcripts, so that at
the present time I do not feel myself under any necessity to make a
specific answer to Mr. Howard's observations of the 18th of March.
42 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Indeed between ourselves I can hardly comprehend the drift of them.
That gentleman singularly misapprehends me. It is absolutely foreign to
every feeling I have, to enter into or to provoke an unfriendly con-
troversy with any human being. His letter, such as it is, is full of
misrepresentations, much too slight to be of any consequence, but still
they are misrepresentations; & though insignificant in detail, they may
tell in the mass. I will only mention one as an instance. He represents Mr.
Lechmere as many years my junior. He is but one year my junior in age,
and somewhat less than that my junior in official standing. You will
easily perceive such a statement is not worth while a formal con-
tradiction; but when half a dozen such, at least, appear in one letter, it is
easier to appreciate the animus of the writer than to take the trouble to
refute them. I will do Mr. Howard the justice to say I think he is un-
conscious of these misrepresentations, trifling as they are; but I do not
acquit him of considerable incautiousness in making them.
My position with respect to the Georgia Documents seems to me to
be a very simple one. In the course of our arrangement of a very large
mass of books & papers we discovered here several volumes of an earlier
date than I was informed had been procured by Mr. Howard. I
represented the plain fact in the proper quarter vizt. to the Georgia Hist.
Society, as it was my clear and straight forward duty to do. I imputed
nothing whatever to Mr. Howard; on the contrary, I declare my very
strong conviction that that gentleman never could have seen the
documents in question. Why then should he make it a personal affair
between me & him? It is between him & the State; and I am afraid he is
visiting upon my head the editorial sins of the Savannah Republican
which thought fit to make observations upon the absence of these earlier
memorials of your history, & to notice the existence of several volumes
of Duplicates.
I feel I need not pursue this subject further. I have not the slightest
personal animosity against Mr. Howard, & if you have an opportunity,
pray tell him so; at the same time I think he has gone out of his way to
attack me in a manner that to a younger man or to one of less standing
than myself might have proved very detrimental.
I regret to hear of your continued indisposition & hope by this time
you are quite convalescent. I expect by the next packet to receive some
decisive news about your historical Documents.
I remain,
/s/RL
[retained copy,]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 43
The Daily Georgian, Savannah, Monday morning, June 24, 1844
[same notice in Savannah Republican, Ed.]
PAPERS OF THE GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
SAVANNAH June 21, 1844
At a meeting of the Board of Managers of the Georgia Historical
Society, held on the 19th inst. the following report was unanimously
adopted.
I. K. Tef ft Cor. Secretary
The committee to whom were referred the publications and
correspondence which have recently taken place on the subject of the
Colonial documents, obtained by the Rev. C. W. Howard, in England,
under the authority of the State, submit the following
REPORT
By a Resolution of the Legislature, in the year 1840, this Society was
made the custodian of the documents obtained by the Rev. Mr. Howard,
the agent of the State, from the original records in the government of-
fices in England. On examination a positive hiatus in the series was
discovered, embracing the records from the foundation of the Colony to
the year 1735, an an apparent hiatus from 1749 to 1750 [1760]. The
Corresponding Secretary, anxious to have these omissions supplied,
addressed to Mr. Howard several letters in 1840, making enquiries as to
the missing records; in one of which he adverts to a conversation which
he had with Mr. H. in Savannah, on his return from his mission. He
reminds Mr. H. that in their interview, the missing documents had been
referred to, and that he had stated that they had been discovered in a
place where he little expected to find them, and had been left to be copied
and transmitted to this country through Mr. Forsyth, then Secretary of
State. He then asked to be informed whether the volumes in question had
yet been received. Mr. H. was at that time in a distant part of the State,
making arrangements for the reception of his family in a new home; and
occupied with these preparations, omitted to return an answer.
In the mean time Mr. Robert Lemon, chief clerk in Her Majesty's
State Paper Office, whose qualifications and character had been made
known to the Society by Mr. Howard, was elected an honorary member.
The Corresponding Secretary, on transmitting to him his diploma,
adverted to the missing documents, and bespoke his influence and
services in supplying them, so as to complete the series in the possession
of the Society. Mr. Lemon in reply, expresses some surprise at Mr.
44 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Howard's statement that he had discovered the missing documents in a
place where he little expected to find them; proceeds to show that so far
as regarded his office, no impediments had been thrown in the way of a
full examination; and mentions the interest he took in procuring for Mr.
H. unlimited access to the papers of the Board of Trade. He adds,
however, that the volumes of records prior to 1735, have been
discovered, and concludes thus: "It seems hardly possible that Mr.
Howard could have had access to these volumes, or else, by want of a
systematic method of proceeding, he has overlooked their contents."
This communication was laid before the Society at its monthly
meeting in January last. A report of the proceedings of the Society was
published, a few days after, in the Savannah Republican; in the course of
which, Mr. Howard's failure to procure these documents was severely
censured, and ascribed to "singular oversight or inefficient exertion."
Mr. H. replied through the same medium, vindicating himself from these
charges, and retorting with some asperity upon Mr. Lemon.
This brief recital will explain the origin of the unpleasant con-
troversy which has threatened to alienate from the Society some of its
most useful and valued friends.
A correspondence, partly of a private nature, (which is now before
the Committee) has since taken place between the parties and their
respective friends. It has resulted in ascertaining facts, which happily
throw new light upon the points in dispute; and which, while they entirely
exonerate Mr. Howard from the charge of remissness in performing his
duties, entitle Mr. Lemon to the cordial thanks of the Society, for his
zealous co-operation in promoting their wishes and objects.
We have stated that the series of documents obtained by Mr.
Howard, from England, exhibit a real and an apparent hiatus; the
former from 1732 to 1735 - the latter from 1749 to 1760. With regard to
the former, the Committee are convinced that Mr. H. could not have had
access to them. They were not in the State Paper Office, from which
alone, at first, Mr. H. had permission to take copies; for we learn from
Mr. Lemon that the earliest volume in his custody relating to Georgia,
commenced with the date of 13th August, 1735. Though they actually
existed among the papers in the Board of Trade, Mr. H. had not the
means of ascertaining the fact. In order to explain the reason, it is
necessary to enter a little into detail. The British Government, in past
years, rigorously excluded foreigners from examining the Colonial
documents. When Mr. Bevan was appointed to write the history of
Georgia, in 1825 he obtained extracts from certain specified records; but
he was indebted for this privilege to the liberality of Mr. Canning. While
Mr. H. was at Washington, on his way to England, he had an interview
with Mr. Forsyth, who assured him that it was useless to go further; that
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 45
a similar application from Messrs Clarke and Force, had been perem-
ptorily refused, though sustained by ample recommendations from
Congress. He determined, however, to make the effort, and on his
arrival in London presented his appHcation to the British Government
through our Minister, Mr. Stevenson. After a lapse of more than four
months, when success seemed almost hopeless, he was officially in-
formed that instructions had been given to the keeper of H. M. State
papers, to allow him to make extracts from the records of that office
relating to the State of Georgia from their commencement down to the
year 1775, but no later. Accordingly, transcripts were immediately made
from the volumes in that office, to which access was allowed. Finding no
records prior to 1735, and a hiatus in the series between 1749 and 1760,
he made diligent enquiries as to where they could be found, and Mr.
Lemon states that this was the subject of several anxious conversations
between him and Mr. Howard. They were led to believe, from references
to the records of the Board of Trade, that the missing documents might
be preserved in that office. Mr. Howard, therefore, made application in
the proper quarter, requesting permission to examine those records and
make copies of such papers as were of historical interest to the State of
Georgia from 1732 to 1775. Mr. Lemon's intimate official connexion
with the authorities in charge of that office, enabled him to second the
application with a strong interest. A few days only elapsed before a
favorable answer was returned. "I called immediately" says Mr.
Howard, "at the office and found that Mr. Le Marchand (Secretary to
the Board of Trade) had, (as he informed me, and as he no doubt fully
believed), caused to be collected all the papers relating to Georgia, and he
gave me unlimited permission to copy any or all of them. -
A difficulty arose as to the place of copying them, as there was no
room in the Board of Trade into which I could introduce a number of
clerks. Mr. Le Marchand wished time for consideration. I called again in
a few days, and he informed me that the Council Room had been ob-
tained, and that the Georgia papers were removed there, and in that
room they were all transcribed." Thus no opportunity was afforded Mr.
H. of examining personally what papers were in the Board of Trade. Not
that there was any reluctance to allow of such an examination; on the
contrary, Mr. Howard believed (no doubt correctly) that the search for,
and collection of, the papers was entrusted to others, from motives of
courtesy, to save him the trouble of a search in a huge establishment in
which he was an entire stranger. - The documents obtained at this office,
complete the series of records from 1735 to 1775. They fill up the gap
from 1749 to 1760. This is what we have called an apparent hiatus; and
such only it was, as will be evident from the above account. It was
supposed by the Society, that two distinct sets of records were preserved
46 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
in England covering the whole period of British rule in Georgia, one
lodged in the State Paper office relating more immediately to the political
organization and government of the colony - and the other kept in the
office of the Board of Trade, relating to its products and commerce; and
this erroneous impression was confirmed by the mode in which the
volumes, when bound, were entitled. They were labeled with the names
of the several offices from which they had been procured. The series of
the State papers appeared to be continuous from 1735 to 1749 inclusive;
then occurred an interval of 10 years; from that time to 1765 [1775], the
last date allowed to be copied, the records were complete. The records
however supposed to be wanting, were really in the Society's possession
under the title of "Papers from the Board of Trade." It was to these that
Mr. Howard alluded in the conversation with the Corresponding
Secretary before referred to, when he stated that he had discovered them
in a place where he little expected to find them. He had left them, it
appears - not to be copied, for that had been done already - but to be
examined by the authorities before their removal, according to previous
understanding.
With regard to the documents prior to 1735 - having ascertained that
they did not exist among the State papers, and not finding them among
the collections received from the Board of Trade which he was assured
embraces all the papers relating to Georgia in their depository - he
naturally concluded, in his own words "that they had been destroyed at
the breaking up of the Trustee's office."
Fortunately, they have since been discovered. Mr. Howard's mission
produced one effect of much interest to all the original thirteen States.
Mr. Lemon, finding that the collections of colonial papers in the Board
of Trade, whose value was made known through the researches to which
Mr. Howard's enquiries gave rise, were essentially connected with a
similar collection in the State Paper Office, made a successful effort to
have those papers transferred to his office, and incorporated with the
collection there; since which time they have been carefully arranged
under their respective colonies and in chronological order. The ad-
vantages to be expected from this removal may be seen in the instance of
Georgia papers prior to 1735. "By our superior method of arrange-
ment," says Mr. Lemon, "we have produced a result you will be un-
prepared for; you will be surprised to learn that, of the volumes obtained
from the Board of Trade, no less than seven contain papers relating to
Georgia prior to and during the year 1735, the earliest commencing in
1732." Previous to this transfer, the existence of these papers seems to
have been unknown amidst the mass of documents, even to the officers
employed in the Board of Trade.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 47
The committee deem it proper to explain what appears to them the
reason why so many dupHcates are found among the documents obtained
by Mr. Howard. To ensure the arrival of a despatch from the officers in
the colony to the authorities at home, duplicates, and sometimes several
copies, were sent out by different conveyances. On their reception they
were put upon file in the order in which they came to hand; and in this
order afterwards affixed to the volumes provided for their preservation.
The same communication might, therefore, appear twice, or even three
or four times, either in the same or a different volume. When these were
given to a number of clerks to be copied, it was obviously impossible to
avoid transcribing duplicates, without a minute and laborious inspection
and comparison of each and every document. The force of this remark
will be more fully understood, when it is known that the duplicates occur
in the papers from the Board of Trade subsequent to 1760; many of
which are identical with those of the State Paper collection, though much
the larger part is new.*
While the Committee regret that any personal acerbity should have
marked the progress of this controversy between members of the Society,
it affords them great satisfaction to declare as the result of this in-
vestigation, their conviction that the statements of Mr. Lemon and Mr.
Howard, when fully understood, not only do not conflict, but mutually
sustain each other. The whole difficulty has grown out of a verbal
misapprehension - "The Missing Documents, " what were they? - One
party understood by this expression, the documents from the Board of
Trade; the other, the documents prior to 1735. The facts prove (if Mr.
Howard's character were not a sufficient guarantee) that he discharged
his important trust ably, zealously and faithfully. Besides the transcripts
mentioned above, he procured a volume of valuable matter from the
British Museum. He anxiously sought (though without success) to obtain
the proceedings of the Court Martial on the trial of Gen. Oglethorpe for
alleged misconduct in the attack upon St. Augustine, which resulted in
the General's acquital; the MSS. Journal of Mr. Wesley during his
residence in America, cited in Grahame's History of the United States;
and the MSS. Journal kept by Chief Justice Stokes, during his residence
in Georgia. These papers and others, though perhaps still extant, he was
unable to discover, but his exertions to obtain them show the diligence
with which he prosecuted his work.
Mr. Lemon has become involved in this controversy, most in-
nocently on his part. The Committee feel assured it was far from his
intention, when communicating to the Society the interesting and
valuable facts, in his knowledge, to prefer charges against the Agent of
*The twenty-two volumes contain 4,000 pages and an examination shows
that there are from 350 to 370 pages of duplicates, an average of only two
volumes instead of six.
48 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
the State. - As one of our corresponding members, he has sought to
rescue the materials of our earlier history from the catacombs in which
they lay mouldering, with a degree of earnestness and energy, that
deserves the thanks not of the Society only, but of every Georgian. His
personal and official relations render him a most useful auxiliary. He has
long been a member of the Antiquarian Society - which if not the parent,
is, at least, the prototype of the numerous historical societies in our
country. He holds, and for many years has held an honorable and
confidential appointment under the British Government, in the very
place where the Society would wish to have a vigilent friend and
correspondent.
The Committee have gone thus into detail, in the hope of forever
setting these differences at rest. They return their thanks to those per-
sonal friends of the parties at issue, through whose assistance they have
been enabled to arrive at a full understanding of the case, to reconcile
apparent discrepancies, and to restore to the Society, as they trust, the
unity and good feeling which have hitherto prevailed among its members.
H. K. PRESTON
WM. B. HODGSON
WILLIAM DUNCAN
ROBERT M. CHARLTON
RICHARD D. ARNOLD
Savannah 13th July '44
My Dear Sir,
I have before me your favors of the 28th March, 17th April & of the
17 Ult. and for which I feel under many obligations. In your private note
to me of the last date, you authorized me to use your communication of
the same day at my discretion: I held a consultation with several friends
of the Society, and it was resolved before laying it before the Society and
publishing it, to make one more effort to get from Mr. Howard an ac-
count of his doings in England and an elucidation of the obscure points
on which the discussion turned. We accordingly had recourse to a
gentleman of this city who was a correspondent and friend of Mr. H.,
and after explaining to him the whole case, requested that he would
address a private note to Mr. H. inasmuch as all efforts on the part of the
Society to get a word from him had entirely failed. This method suc-
ceeded and brought from him a voluminious reply, in which he went fully
into the details of his mission. Although his statement was somewhat
colored by his prejudices and feelings, we thought, on a careful com-
parison of his reply with your letters and other facts in our own
acknowledge, that Mr. H.'s account in matters of fact did not in the least
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 49
conflict with that which has so unintentionally brought your name before
the public, and that as you observed of his first article in the Sav.
Republican, it confirmed, and more than confirmed, every statement you
had made. It was therefore suggested that the whole subject should be
submitted to a committee as the best way of putting an end to the con-
troversy; vindicating yourself and at the same time relieving you from a
newspaper controversy, which we felt assured was quite foreign to your
habits, wishes and convenience; while it would correct the erroneous
impressions under which Mr. H. appears to have been laboring. The
Report was unanimously adopted by the Society and has been published.
I send you by this conveyance (the John Gumming) two copies of it as
they appeared in our city papers, which I hope will meet your approval. I
perfectly agree with you in the observation that great caution should be
observed in giving publicity to the correspondence of our foreign
members. And on this subject, I beg leave to state that as soon as I was
informed that a report of the proceedings of the Society was in
preparation for the "Republican" I went to the office of that paper
accompanied by a friend, and remonstrated against its pubUcation. The
article (report) which in its original state was very severe upon Mr.
Howard, was much softened, but we could not prevent its publication. It
came from a respected member of the Society, and a reporter to that
paper.
In your letter of the 28th March you enter very fully into the subject
of the documents in your office relating to Georgia. The expense of
copying will I fear form an obstacle for some time to our possessing
transcripts of such documents as we are yet wanting to our collection.
The expense must be borne entirely by the Society, and our funds are at
present quite limited. As for Legislative aid, it is entirely out of the
question. Gonsiderable sums have been at various periods appropriated
by the State for this object and nothing more can be expected in our day.
In compliance with your suggestion, I have caused an abstract to be
made of the documents obtained by Mr. Howard with the dates and
contents of each, and by comparing it with those in your office you will
be furnished with data for computing the probable expense of making
copies of such as we do not possess, and we will make an effort among
our zealous members to raise funds for that purpose, by individual
subscription.
I am well aware that I am imposing a great deal of labor upon you -
but I entreat that you will inform me at your earliest convenience, after
the receipt of the abstracts, which go by this opportunity, the probable
50 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
expense of obtaining the documents we still want. I am, Dear Sir, very
truly yours,
I. K. Tefft, Corr. Sec.
Robt. Lemon, Fsq.
London
[Note in margin] - Pardon, I beg you my hurried letter. I have been
compelled to write in the greatest possible haste.
IKT
State Paper Office
London
17 Aug. 1844
Dear Sir
Yesterday I had the pleasure of receiving your packet safely, con-
taining the report of the Georgia Historical Society in the Georg.
Republican, and also the list of documents previously transcribed in
England; having reed, your letter of the 13th of July, on the 15th instant.
Your letter having first arrived gave me great pleasure, and made me
rather anxious for the arrival of the papers you mentioned in it: the
reason of their not being delivered together was, I presume, because one
came by post, the other by sail.
I have read the Report of the Society very attentively, and I assure
you it has given me the greatest satisfaction, and relieved me from much
anxiety and vexation; - anxiety for the just performance of my public
duties, and vexation that in the execution of them I had been led into
collision, however slight, with one whom in every respect I felt, & still
feel, a very sincere regard. In proof of my sincerity in this particular I
have addressed a short note to him on ihQ final settlement, I hope, of this
really uncomfortable business, which I will intrude upon you to forward
to him, as I am quite ignorant of his address.
Your letter has arrived [in] time enough for me to acknowledge its
receipt by the next conveyance, & only time enough to permit me to
allude shortly to the report. In my humble opinion, I think it is drawn up
with the greatest tact and cleverness; it softens those points that were
likely to trench upon personal feeHngs, omits all that were unnesessary to
the elucidation of the case, and gives so clear an explanation of the most
difficult & important portion of it, that I am sure its effect must be entire
conviction on the mind of every one who has feh or thought upon the
subject. I cannot but very sensibly feel the good opinion which the
Committee express toward myself, and I am the more pleased at it
because really & truly I do feel extremely interested in the prosperity &
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 5I
welfare of the Society that has done me the honor to enroll me amongst
its members, and above all, that so steadily pursues by all the means in its
power, an object of the highest national interest, the results of which
must lead to the most important consequences.
I sincerely trust, by your manly & lucid report, that all angry feelings
on the subject of these papers will now utterly subside: the explanation
given about the missing papers & the money left for their transcription is
most satisfactory: it not only settles the point with you, but it relieves me
from all doubt of any material body of papers being in exixtence more
than I knew of. I now know that I can safely work on those within my
own possession & in my own knowledge.
The only drawback to the general satisfaction your letter has given
me, is the intimation that your funds will not be sufficient to complete
the series of your historical papers. I am sanguine enough to hope that
the Legislature, when it shall come to know how valuable the papers are
that are now required for the completion of the series, & how small a sum
will effect it, will not lose sight of the extreme importance of concluding
& perfecting what has been so liberally commenced. I am unable at this
time to give any guess as to the amount that may be required, but by the
next packet I will send you a detailed estimate, which, after examination
of your lists, I shall be able to do with the greatest exactness.
You have not in your letter mentioned a word of your own health;
but I gather from that very circumstance that you are quite convalescent.
It is my sincere wish that you are so.
Believe me to be,
Dear Sir,
Very truly yours,
I. K. Tefft, Esqr, /s/ Robt. Lemon
Mr. Broadhead of New York has left England with a large chest full of
transcripts, & is by this time I think in America. His collection will make
a sensation, & will have the effect of stimulating others to follow such an
example.
Adieu
/s/R. L.
19 September 1844
In the year 1838 permission was given to Mr. Howard of Georgia to
inspect and have copies of the papers in the State Paper Office relative to
Georgia. That gentleman also had access to the documents relating to
that Colony deposited in the offices of the Board of Trade.
But on the subsequent removal of those papers to the State Paper
Office a number of volumes & papers of great historical interest have
52 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
been discovered to exist relating to the colony of Georgia to which Mr.
Howard failed to obtain access in their former place of deposit.
As soon as it became known that some of the earlier papers relating
to the Colony were extant, application was made for permission for a
competent person to inspect the papers down to the year 1735 & in March
1844 Mr. Robt. Lemon of the State Paper Office was authorized to
undertake that task. But it has since been discovered upon completing a
catalogue of the transcripts obtained by Mr. Howard that very con-
siderable chasms exist throughout the entire collection procured by him,
doubtless owing in a great degree to the former imperfect state of
arrangement of the doucments of the Board of Trade.
Under these circumstances it becomes very desirable that the per-
mission given to Mr. Lemon which was hmited to the year 1735, should
be extended throughout the series of papers relating to Georgia, subject
to the same restrictions as are laid down in Mr. Lemon's previous order
of March 1844
[unsigned and many strike-overs and changes, it is probably a draft, or
worksheet of Mr. Lemon.]
Copy [Sent To Lemon]
Foreign Office
October 24, 1844
Sir,
With reference to my letter of the 7th of March last, respecting the
papers relating to the History of the State of Georgia, of which Mr.
Everett, the American Minister at this Court, had requested to have
copies for the use of the Historical Society of the State of Georgia; I am
directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to transmit to you a copy of a Note
from Mr. Everett, requesting, on behalf of the Society, that copies may
be made of some further Documents relating to this subject; and I am
directed to state to you that Lord Aberdeen has no objection to allow
such of these papers to be transcribed as are of an official character; but
his Lordship does not think it expedient that copies should be granted of
any Papers which may be described as, or may appear to be, Private or
Confidential communications.
I am&c
(signed) H. U. Addington
The Right Honrble
Henry Hobhouse
&C&C
♦From 1735 to the end of the series. [Marginal Note in Different Hand
and in Red Ink]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 53
S.P.O.
15 Nov. 1844
Dear Sir,
I sit down at last to write in answer to yours of the 13th July
respecting the abstract of transcripts made by Mr. Howard which you
then transmitted me for the purpose of comparing with the documents
now deposited in this office & for computing the probable expense of
copies of such as you do not possess.
You will recollect that early in this year I obtained permission from
Lord Aberdeen, our Foreign Secretary, to inspect documents relating to
Georgia down to the year 1735. On glancing over the abstract of Mr.
Howard's transcripts, I found it was absolutely necessary for me, before
I could communicate to you the full information the importance of the
subject required, to procure such an extension of my former order as
would permit me to consult all our papers relating to Georgia, down to a
much later period than 1 possessed authority for. For this purpose I
furnished the American Minister in London with sufficient memoranda
to enable him to make such an application to the Foreign Minister, & in
consequence of that application I have the pleasure of informing you that
I have received from Lord Aberdeen full permission to consult & take
copies (under certain restrictions) of all the Georgia papers in this office
down to the end of the series in 1782. This permission will very much
facilitate my future proceedings, tho' in the first instance it has been the
cause of my delay in answering your letter.
On a subject of so much importance, I found it was useless to
proceed otherwise than in a most systematic manner. My first care was to
identify all the papers transcribed for Mr. Howard. To effect that, I
carefully examined every letter in the abstract with the original, & have
put the actual reference (in red ink) to each. This enabled me to ascertain
exactly what he procured and what he omitted, but I have been unable to
detect whether those omissions were the result of a principle of selection
or accident. I am inclined to think the latter, because in the last volume
of the documents in the State Paper Office, the transcripts end on the 9th
of June 1775, whereas there are many more papers in the same volume
down to the end of that year. In this collection 1 have had occasion to
make several corrections of dates, which you will doubtless avail yourself
of.
After 1 had gone throught the task of identifying the transcripts, my
next and greatest labor was to take an exact account of all the volumes
transmitted to us from the Board of Trade relating to Georgia, & to make
such an abstract of their dates and contents as would enable you to form
a very competent notion of their extent and importance. The result of
this portion of my labor 1 now transmit to you in the accompanying
54 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Statement: a result in many points extremely gratifying & in none more so
than in shewing how remarkably perfect the historical memorials of
Georgia are, & how well they have been preserved from the very foun-
dation of the Colony. You will be surprised, if not mortified, on finding
how small a portion of these invaluable papers have come to your hands,
especially after the liberal manner in which your Legislature responded to
your efforts to obtain them.
I now beg to make some observations on the statement & I do so
under the impression that you possess no original documents relating to
Georgia as a Colony. The 6 first volumes, being the Journals of the
Trustees and the Minutes of the Common Council of the Trustees, is a
very fine series; & if it shall be determined that these volumes are to be
copied, I should recommend for consideration the propriety of such
copies being made as near as possible in the shape and size of the
originals.
The 4 vols, from 8 to 11, being the Tustees Letter books, are most
deserving attention, and as it subsequently appears that the first volume
of original papers from 1732 to 1734 is unhappily lost, the first volume of
this series of entries supplies that loss to a very great extent.
The two next volumes, 12 and 13, are of infinite value in a legal
point of view & contain evidence of the highest importance relative to the
existence of persons, the extent and boundaries of lands, &c.
As these two last & the 6 first volumes I have above noticed, vizt. the
Journals, Minute Books & Register Books would be admitted in the
highest courts in England as Legal Evidence of the most undoubted
authority, I conceive that properly attested copies of these books would
have the same force and be admitted as evidence in any of the Courts of
Georgia.
Vols. 14, 15 & 16 are misplaced & should have come after Vol. 24, so
as to keep the papers & transactions of the Trustees distinct & separate to
the end of their Trust.
Vol. 17 begins the collection of original letters to the Trustees, as
early as they have come down to us. The first volume, as above alluded
to, is evidently missing, but from Vol. 17 to 24 the series of
correspondence with the Trustees is complete. Is it not astonishing, &
much to be deplored, that of these 8 volumes only transcripts of the two
latter should have been placed before you.
In 1752 the powers of the Trustees expired & the government of the
Colony vested in the Crown, the direct channel of communication being
the Board of Trade. Vol. 25 begins the correspondence with that Board «fe
the series continues unbroken to Vol. 32, to the month of July 1772. The
whole of this series has been copied for Mr. Howard with only a few
exceptions in each volume, very trifling in quantity & probably not of
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 55
material interest. But the smallness in bulk makes it desirable they should
be copied as a very strong chain my be useless by one or two connecting
hnks being wanting. Vol. 33 is a small volume of disconnected papers
evidently collected together as gatherings after the storm.
I must now beg your particular attention to the following volumes
from 34 to 50 inclusive. I am quite ignorant of what you possess in the
shape of Minutes of Council and Journals of Assembly. If you possess
any such series, these volumes are of course of little or no value to you,
except where they may happen to fill up any lacuna in your own series.
But if you possess them not! it is not for me to point out to you their
extraordinary importance in every particular connected with your
historical & political literature. In arranging these volumes it is evident
two series have been jumbled together, those of the Proceedings of the
Governor in Council and the Journals of Assembly. Of the former it will
easily be seen that vols. 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 44, 43, 47 and 49 consitute
a regular & unbroken series, the interest of which is quite equal to its
extent.
Vol. 51 is a detached report of great interest & value, & if not
existing among your transcripts, where I have not been able to detect it,
there is no doubt you should become possessed of it. The two remaining
volumes require no particular observation.
I hope I have not tired you by going into so much detail. My object
is, with the distance of half the globe between us, to make such a
statement to you as will enable you clearly & distinctly to see what you
have & what you have not: & to form a true judgement of what it will be
desirable for you to possess.
I now come to a more delicate & to me a more difficult part of the
subject, to form an estimate of what the cost of transcription would
amount to. It is quite evident this must be influenced, more or less, by the
number of volumes required to be copied. The estimate I have made has
been formed upon a most careful examination of every page in each
volume of journals & registers & of every individual letter & paper, and I
find that for the volumes from 1 to 22 inclusive it amounts to between
£450 & £500. Upon supposition of the possibility of your possessing the
Journals of Assembly & Proceedings in Council from Vols. 34 to 49, I
have not included those in the above estimate. They are evidently either
of so little value or of such immense importance as to require a distinct
consideration by themselves at some future time.
I am fully aware of the extremely liberal manner in which the
Legislature of Georgia have on former occasions come forward in
furnishing the means to support the noble views of the Georgia Historical
Society in procuring the early memorials of their history from the most
authentic sources; & I can easily conceive the feelings of disappointment,
56 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
& probably of dissatisfaction, on their expectations not being realized to
the extent they were undoubtedly justified in anticipating: But I am very
much inclined to hope that when they shall be made aware of such im-
portant materials being extant, when everything concurs in the most
favorable manner for procuring them, under circumstances that are
hardly likely to happen again in the same conjunction, when they may
feel assured that the funds which may be provided for the ac-
complishment of so desirable an object will be most economically used &
scrupulously accounted for, I say I am much inclined to hope they will
again consider this highly national object, & will feel that they are for-
warding the great cause of human civilization in promoting and
sustaining the efforts of the Georgia Historical Society to procure the
deposition of these important documents among the archives of the
State.
I'm blessed if I haven't the honor to be
Your very fatigued
& flabbergasted servant, (3)
/s/R.L.
PS I send the abstract of Mr. Howard's transcripts, my corrections on
which in red ink you may in some instances find useful. Pray return it to
me as it is important for me to guard against duplicates.
/s/ RL.
Statement of Journals, Minute Books, Letter Books and Volumes of
Original Letters and Papers relating to Georgia formerly in the Board of
Trade and now deposited in Her Majesty's State Paper Office, London.
Contents
Journal of the Trustees for establishing the Colony of
Georgia in America.
Do.
Do.
The Minutes of the Common Council of the Trustees
for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America.
..of Vols
Dates
1.
1732 July 20
to
1737 Mar. 9
2.
1737 Mar. 17
to
1745 Nov. 1
3.
1745 Nov. 11
to
1752 June 23
4.
1732 Aug. 3
to
1736 April 3 [sic]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
57
lo. of Vols.
Dates
5.
1736 May 19
to
1741 Feb. 2
6.
1741 May 9
to
1752 April 29
7.
1732June9
to
1734/5 Jan. 9
8.
1732 Oct. 18
to
1736 Nov. 10
9.
1736 Nov. 24
to
1740 Oct. 25
10.
1740 Oct. 25
to
1749 Nov. 24
11.
1749 Nov. 24
to
1752 April 7
12.
1732 Oct. 4
to
1740 July 21
13.
1741 March 19
to
1752 June 19
14.
1752 July 16
to
1757 Nov. 11
15.
1758 Feb. 23
to
1760 June 20
16.
1761 Jan. 9
to
1781 June24
17.
1734 Oct. 6
to
1735 May
18.
1734 Dec. 24
to
1735 Oct. 29
Contents.
Do.
Do.
Charter of Georgia.
Act of Trade with Indians.
Order in Council &c.
Trustee's Letter Book, being entries of letters to various
parties but chiefly to Officers & individuals in Georgia
upon the whole business of the Colony, its settlements,
progress &c.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Trustees' Register, Book of Instructions, Agreements,
Appointments, Grants of Land, Leases, Powers, &c.
Do.
Entry Book of the Board of Trade containing
Memorials, Instructions, Reports, &c.
Do.
Do.
A collection of Original Letters and Papers addressed to
the Trustees, the Officers and principally from in-
dividuals and officers in Georgia & correspondence with
Official personages in London.
Similar Collection of Original papers and documents.
58
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
No. of Vols.
Dates
19.
1735 Oct.
to
1736 Nov. 20
20.
1736 Oct 29
to
1737 Nov. 2
21.
1737 Nov. 5
to
1741 April 4
22.
1741 April 18
to
1746 March 10
23.
1746 March 17
Copied
[in red]
to
1750 June 15
24.
1750July4
to
1752 March 24
Contents.
Similar collection of Original papers and documents.
Similar Collection of Original papers and documents
(including) several of Wesley and Whitefield.
Similar Collection of Original papers and documents.
Similar Collection of Original papers and documents.
1746 March 17 Sim'lar Collection, copied for Mr. Howard. Collated by
Mr. Lemon and 31 letters & papers found uncopied.
Similar collection; copied for Mr. Howard. Collated 38
papers uncopied.
Down to this period which constitutes the whole history of Georgia
during the Government of the Trustees. I do not think you have copies of
any except the two last Volumes, 23 & 24; and perhaps the charter and
act of Trade with the Indians, Vol. 7.
25.
Copied
[in red]
1752 July 19
to
1755 Feb. 21
26.
Copied
[in red]
1756 Jan. 13
to
1757 May 31
27.
Copied
[in red]
1757 Oct. 14
to
1759 Aug. 10
28.
Copied
[in red]
1759 Nov. 25
to
1760 Aug. 10
29.
Copied
[in red]
1760 April 16
to
1764 July 17
30.
Copied
[in red]
1764 Nov. 15
to
1767 May -
31.
Copied
[in red]
1767 Aug. 25
to
1769 Sept. 28
Correspondence of Officers & others in Georgia with
Board of Trade; copied for Mr. Howard, collated 4 un-
copied.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard, collated 14
uncopied.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard, collated 13
uncopied.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard. Collated.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard. Collated 13
uncopied.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard. Collated 11
uncopied.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard. Collated 8
uncopied.
32.
Copied
[in red]
1769 Aug. 15
to
1772 June 19
33.
1772 Dec. 5
to
1782 Jan 23
34.
1741 to 1753
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 59
Date Contents.
Similar collection, copied for Mr. Howard. Collated 3
uncopied.
A few letters of correspondence of Governors Haber-
sham & Wright with the Board of Trade.
Register of Proceedings of the Pres. and Assistants of
theColony of Georgia from 1741 to 1753.
These are extremely interesting, detailing the daily in-
ternal transactions of the Colony. They were
periodically transmitted to England.
35. 1753 to 1756 Similar Register of proceedings of the Pres. and
Assistants from 3 Sept. 1753 to 30 Oct. 1754.
(2) Journal of the Council in Assembly from 7 Jan. 1755
to 19 Feb. 1756 and
(1) Journal of the Governor and Council from 30 Oct.
1754 to 20 March 1756.
(2) Journal of the Assembly for the same period.
36. 1756 to 1757 Similar Register of Proceedings of the Governor and
Council from 1756 to July 1757.
37. 1756 to 1759 Journal of the Council in Assembly. Journal of the Up-
per House of Assembly from 16 June 1757 to 26 March
1759.
Minutes of the Assembly from 1 1 Jan. to 17 Feb. 1757.
Do from 16 June to 28 July 1757.
Journal of the Commons House of Assembly from 11
January to 30 June 1758.
Do. from 13 Nov. to 13 Dec. 1758.
Do. from 16 Jan. to 26 Mar. 1759.
38. 1757 to 1759 Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council
from 14 July 1757 to 25 May 1759.
39. 1759 to 1761 Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council
from 5 June 1759 to 8 Nov. 1760.
Journal of the Upper House in General Assembly from
22 Oct. 1759 to 12 Jan. 1761.
Journal of the Commons House Assembly from 18
Aug. 1760 to 12 January 1761.
Minutes of Proceedings of the Governor in Council
from 13 Nov. 1760 to 18 Dec. 1765.
Journal of the Commons House of Assembly from 24
Mar. 1761 to6Mar. 1766.
Journal of the Upper House met in General Assembly
from 24 Mar. 1761 to 1 1 April 1768.
40.
1760 to 1765
41.
1761 to 1766
42.
1761 to 1768
60
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
44. 1766 to 1767
[misnumbered]
43. 1768
48. 1769 to 1773
No. of Vols. Date Contents
Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council
from 7 Jan. 1766 to 1 Dec. 1767.
Continuation of the above from 5 Jan. to 9 Dec. 1 768.
45. 1766 to 1768 Journal of the Commons House of Assembly from 16
June 1766 to 24 Dec. 1768.
46. 1768 to 1773 Journal of the Upper House met in Assembly from 7
Nov. 1768 to 29 Sept. 1773.
47. 1769 to 1772 Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council
from July 4, 1769 to 7 Jan. 1772.
Journals of the Commons House of Assembly from 30
Oct. 1769 to 29 Sept. 1773.
Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council
from 7 Jan. 1772 to 7 Dec. 1773.
Minutes of the Commons House of Assembly, May 9,
1781) to 19 Dec. following. Imperfect, the two first pages
wanting. Copied for Mr. Howard.
Report of the Trustees for establishing the Colony of
Georgia, addressed to the Lords, Commissioners for
Trade and Plantations, detailing the progress of the
Colony from its first establishment to 9th June 1741.
Signed by the Sec'y Benjamin Martyn and sealed with
the Trustees' Seal.
A volume containing abstracts of Grants registered in
the Colony of Georgia from 27 Jan. 1760 to 25 Sept.
1768.
53 1 756 April 10 A collection of documents beginning with a narrative in
answer to the Charge, &c of the Pres. and Court of
Assistants in the Colony of Georgia, against the Rev.
Thos. Bosomworth, various answers, replies, ap-
pendices &c.
This is clearly nol the volume the contents of which are
described at p. 7 of the catalogue of transcripts.
/s/ Robt. Lemon
49.
1772 to 1773
50.
1780
Copied
[in red]
51.
1732 to 1741
52. 1760 to 1768
State Paper Office
London 15 Nov. 1844
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 61
Duplicate Savannah 3 1 st March 1 845
My Dear Sir,
I hope you have not inferred from my long delay to answer your last
favor that I have been unmindful of my duties to you as a correspondent.
On the contrary I have been trying to make up a budget for you, which
you will perhaps read with interest, and which I trust will greatly
facilitate the accomplishment of the objects the Society has in view.
Soon after the receipt of your letter of the 15th Nov. an agent was
appointed by the Society to proceed to Milledgeville, the seat of
government, and examine the Colonial Documents preserved in the State
Department, in order to ascertain what papers of value and interest
might exist among them. Owing to the frequent removals of these papers
- the capitol of the State having been changed three times - they had
fallen into great confusion, and no little labor was necessary to collect
and collate them. Suspecting that many important documents might be
found, the Society resolved to have them thoroughly overhauled, and
having obtained permission from the proper authorities, commissioned
an agent to make the search. The result was satisfactory even beyond our
hopes. The report transmitted to the Society by their agent I enclose to
you for perusal and comparison with the records in your keeping. By this
abstract you will percieve what we possess at home, and you are already
aware of the contents of the Vols, procured by Mr. Howard. Hence you
will see at a glance what documents are required by the Society.
Of the Vols, numbered in your Statement from 34 to 53 inclusive, it
would appear that copies exist in this country, excepting only an hiatus
from the year 1751 to 1754. You, however, on making the comparison,
can form a more correct judgement on this point than it is possible for
me to arrive at. If I am right in the above opinion, the quantity of matter
to be transcribed will be very much reduced and the expense to the
Society diminished in the same proportion. The following Vols, in your
collection are of primary importance: viz. No. 1 to 22 inclusive, except
No. 7 which we have in print, and except such portions as Mr. Howard
procured transcripts of, which your own notes in the Vol. marked
"Private Georgia", which I herewith return will plainly and fully
designate.
Important as the Society deem it to have copies of these papers at an
early day, the present condition of their finances enables them to make
but a very limited appropriation for defraying the expense of procuring
them. Heavy demands have been made upon their treasury for
publications, the employment of Agents, and other objects. So large a
drain has been made upon our resources, that we see no way of final
success without Legislative aid; and at the approaching sesson of our
62 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
General Assembly, which will be held in Nov. next, a strong application
will be made to that body for an adequate appropriation. But it was
thought that it would have a good effect to make at least a beginning;
and accordingly, at the last anniversary meeting of the Society the sum of
Five hundred dollars was voted to be placed in your hands, and applied
in payment for copying until the sum is exhausted. This amount I will
transmit to you through the House of Isaac, Low & Co. of Liverpool (to
whose care I will transmit the parcel for you) the moment I have the
pleasure of hearing from you in reply.
I am Dear Sir, with great respect. Very truly your
obliged friend,
/s/LK. Tefft
Cor. Sec. G.H.S.
Robt. Lemon, Esq.
London
THE GEORGIAN
SAVANNAH Tuesday, April 1, 1845, [p. 2, col. 2.]
GEORGIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY
The exposition by the competent Committee of the Historical
Society, of the causes which embarrass and prevent Dr. Stevens from
writing the History of our State will be read with interest.
We will not for a moment entertain a doubt that the next Legislature
will so far co-operate with the Society, whose exertions have been so
meritorious in rescuing from destruction the records of Georgia's
History, as to appropriate a sum of money necessary to obtain the
missing documents.
Were every Georgian, as he should be, a member of the Society,
such relief from the Legislature would not be required. But the funds of
the Society are not, exhausted as they have been by repeated calls,
adequate to effect the object.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 63
[p. 2, Col. 4]
STEVEN'S HISTORY OF GEORGIA
By appointment of the Georgia Historical Society, in March 1841,
the Rev. Wm. Bacon Stevens, now Professor of Belles Lettres in the
University of Athens, assumed the labor of writing a History of this
State. The announcement excited a general and eager desire for the early
completion of the work. PubHc sentiment has, sometimes, expressed,
impatient curiosity and premature expectations. The Historiographer
himself, appreciating this generous feeling of the public, published
sometime since, the reasons which compelled his delay, and the dif-
ficulties by which his literary work was opposed. Repeated enquiries,
however, continue to be addressed to him on this subject. To these he has
the uniform reply to make, that his historic materials are greatly
deficient.
To relieve Dr. Stevens from this generous impatience of the public,
the Georgia Historical Society, at its late anniversary meeting, adopted
the following resolution, which was offered by the Rt. Rev. Stephen
Elliott:
"Resolved, That a Committee of three be appointed, who shall
draw up and cause to be published in the public prints, a statement of the
causes which hinder their Historiographer from proceeding in the
execution of the History of Georgia. ' '
Under this resolution, the Chair, M. Hall McAllister, Esq. 1st Vice
President, presiding, appointed the Rt. Rev. Stephen Elliott, Wm. B.
Hodgson, and I. K. Tefft, the Committee.
In obedience to this resolution, the Committee have prepared, and
now publish, a statement which it contemplates.
The work of Dr. Stevens, has been arrested by the want of historic
materials. In a letter addressed to the editor of the "Athens Whig" in
June 1843, he himself presented this subject so clearly and forcibly, that
the Committee find in the following extracts from that letter, the most
correct exposition of their own views:
"It is the opinion of many, that because the State obtained a number
of volumes of colonial documents from England, I must, therefore be
possessed of ample materials for my task. But it is not so. A thorough
investigation of them has convinced me, their historical worth has been
over-rated. Of two most important periods, they furnish us nothing, viz:
64 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
the first three years of the Colony, from 1732 to 1735, and the seven
years of the Revolution. Without the first, I cannot begin my history, -
and without the last, I cannot close it. Where the original proceedings of
the 'Trustees for settling the Colony of Georgia' are, I know not. Mr.
Sparks, the distinguished editor of Washington's and Franklin's
Writings, thinks that they are lost; if not, that they may be in the
possession of the descendants of the President or Secretary of the
Board."
The Committee have now the grateful duty and pleasure to an-
nounce that nearly all the colonial records of the first period, from 1732
to '35, alluded to by Dr. Stevens, have been safely preserved in Her
Britannic Majesty's State Paper office, in London. They were recently
recovered from the Board of Trade, and transferred to that great
depository of the public archives. In making this announcement, the
Committee conceive, that as the discovery of these valuable records is
due to the active agency of the Georgia Historical Society, so the Society
may place this among its other legitimate claims to the consideration and
support of the citizens of Georgia.
For the discovery of these records, without which the history of
Georgia cannot be commenced, the Society is indebted to the untiring
zeal of Robert Lemon, Esq., her Britannic Majesty's Archivist to the
State Paper Office, in London. They are comprised in six folio volumes,
and contain the "Proceedings of the Trustees," and of the "Minutes of
the Common Council of the Trustees for establishing the Colony of
Georgia, in America," from the 20th July, 1732, to the 29th of April,
1752, when the government of the Colony was vested in the Crown,
Besides these volumes, there are sixteen others, comprising the Trustees
Letter Book, Register of Instructions, Agreements and Grants of Land,
the Entry Book of the Board of Trade, files of Original Letters addressed
to the Trustees, and their officers, and other important papers.
The early documentary history of Georgia is thus preserved nearly
complete; and it only remains that copies of these records be obtained,
and placed in the hands of Dr. Stevens to enable him to commence his
work. As these constitute the "fons et principium" of his labors, the
Georgia Historical Society deliberated, at its late anniversary, upon the
means of procuring them. They accordingly voted the sum of $500 to be
placed in the hands of Mr. Lemon, for transcriptions of those
documents, for which the Hon. Edward Everett, our Minister in Lon-
don, has obtained the permission of Lord Aberdeen, Her Britannic
Majesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. This ap-
propriation, derived from individual liberality and enterprise, cannot.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 65
however, achieve the purpose so honorable and so dear to the Society.
The Legislature of the State, alone, can furnish the means to accomplish
so important an object, affecting alike its pride and interest. - It is hoped,
that this exhibition of earnestness and liberality on the part of the noble
minded members of the Society, will be generously sustained by some
small appropriation by the State Legislature. The enlightened members
of that body will scarcely allow the assertion of the Tory Alison's History
to be confirmed, that: "Republics have no annals, and preserve no
records."
In the series of documentary history, the next in chronologic order,
are the volumes procured by the Rev. Mr. Howard. These have already
been examined by Dr. Stevens. They are greatly valuable, in a complete
series of colonial records.
This complete series, the Committee are happy to announce, is now
likely to be made up at home from the State office at Milledgeville. The
Society have already addressed his excellency. Governor Crawford, on
this subject, and have received from him assurances of his entire
readiness to promote their objects, in bringing to light the early reacords
of the State, by diligent examination of the public archives. It is believed,
that there exist at Milledgeville, uninterrupted files of colonial records
from 1751 to the close of the Revolutionary war, with the exception of
three years. These comprise the proceedings of the President and
assistants in Council; of the Governor and Council of the Province of
Georgia; and of minutes of Council in General Assembly. How this
portion of the records of the Colony, have come into the state archives, is
a question to be investigated. There is a tradition, and it may be a matter
of history, that they were obtained through the agency of the Hon. Rufus
King, when Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States, near the Court
of St. James. But, whatever documents there may be in the public ar-
chives Milledgeville, a reliance on the enlightened views of Governor
Crawford cannot be disappointed, that they will be placed at the
disposition of the Historiographer of Georgia.
Thus the Committee have presented a detailed statement of the
causes, which have delayed the inception and the completion of the
History of Georgia. The Historian cannot compile his narrative without
materials. What those deficient materials are, has been shewn. When
they may be obtained, as they are now accessible, will depend upon the
action of the Legislature. They cannot be procured by individual en-
terprise alone; and without them, the history of Georgia cannot be
written.
66 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Meanwhile, the Historian may the better digest, what materials he
may possess; and time may serve to mature his philosophy and his style.
The ninth year was allowed by the Roman, in nonum prematur annum,
to give perfection of logic and of language, to enduring classic com-
position. Of this character, it is anticipated, will be the work of Dr.
Stevens.
With some delay, the settlement, progress and independence of the
Colony of Georgia may be compiled from authentic records. And so, the
History of the State, whose high mission is to record truth and teach
wisdom, will not be drawn from fiction or tradition.
STEPHEN ELLIOTT JR.
W. B. HODGSON
I K TEFFT \ Committee
Savannah, March 31, 1845
Savannah 24th April '45
My dear Sir,
I wrote to you on the 31st Ult. by the Lady Falkland, returning to
you, under cover to Messrs. Isaac, Low & Co. of Liverpool, your copy of
the abstracts of the Howard transcripts - transmitting at the same time,
an abstract of a report of an agent of the Society, and referred to in my
letter, a dupUcate of which is annexed. Messrs. I. L. & Co. were
requested to forward the parcel to you by the first safe conveyance.
In what manner the journals referred to came into the possession of
the State, I have yet to learn. It appears by the Journal of the General
Assembly in 1802, that the Hon. Rufus King, our Minister near the Court
of St. James, obtained for Georgia two large trunks of documents in
England. They were received, alluded to in the annual message of the
Governor, and a committee appointed by the Legislature to open the
trunks. We have been unable to find the report of that committee, or any
notice on the Executive Minutes, showing what those documents were, or
what disposition was made of them. I am inclined to think they were the
Journals mentioned in the abstracts. Maj. McCall, who published in
1815 a History of Georgia in 2 Vols., informed me, at that time, that, at
the period of the return to Georgia of Sir. Jas, Wright about 1780, Col.
John Milton, a revolutionary officer, carried away from Savannah, then
the seat of Government of horse back, all the public archives, which he
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 67
deposited in a safe place in the interior of North Carolina - whence they
were returned after the Treaty of Peace in 1783.
I shall hope to hear from you by the return of the steamer.
Very truly yours,
/s/ I. K. Tefft
Cor. Sec'y. G.H.S.
R. Lemon, Esq.
S. P. O.
2 May 1845
Dear Sir,
Yesterday I received your letter of the 31st March, & today your
parcel containing my book marked "Georgia, Private" which I was glad
to see after its long voyage, safe & sound. Its loss by any mischance
would have occasioned me infinite difficulty.
If my letter of the 15th of Nov. was the cause, either directly or
indirectly, of the rummaging expedition to Milledgeville, it has done the
State of Georgia most essential service; and I hope, now that so much has
come to light, you will not suffer such valuable documents to relapse
again in obscurity. The abstract you sent me of the result of the agent's
researches will prove a very useful guide to me.
The Society of Georgia has done itself much honor by ap-
propriating, from its circumscribed funds, so large a sum for a com-
mencement, & I feel assured the Legislature will respond to its spirited
example. I can only repeat to you. Sir, that whatever funds are placed at
my disposal you may rely on their distribution certainly with economy,
&, I trust you will find, with judgement.
With reference to my list (15 Nov.) of Board of Trade papers, I
conceive that my principal business will lie with the volumes from No. 1
to 22 inclusive, omitting No. 7, and reserving 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 to the
last.
Vols. 1 to 6 inclusive, I propose to copy as nearly as possible in the
same form as they appear in the original. It will take more time and
attention so to execute them but I have no doubt of the approval of the
Society.
Vols. 8, 9, 10 & 11, though entry books, I shall copy separately as
individual letters. The course with Vols. 17 to 22 is obvious.
68 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
With regard to all books of Minutes, Journals of Assembly,
Proceedings in Council &c from Vol. 34 to the end (excepting Vol. 51), I
think it will be prudent to reserve all consideration of that class of
documents, so detached & distinct as it is, till after the more interesting &
historically important series of correspondence shall be completed. By
that time you will, I hope and trust, have all the State documents at
Milledgeville emerged from their obscurity & carefully arranged, classed
& catalogued.
It will be my endeavor to furnish you with the earliest materials ///•5/,
so that Dr. Stevens may at once commence his historical labors.
You will of course in your next acquaint me with what arrangements
you make with Messrs. Low & Co. of Liverpool as to the transmission of
the sum specified for the above purposes. The transcripts as completed I
shall place in custody of your Minister for transmission to you, as I have
done & do in other cases; unless I receive from you any other directions
as to that point.
The limit of your appropriated sum will not influence or cramp me
in the progress of my labors. So far as I find the earlier portions of these
invaluable documents are immediately essential to your history, I shall
not be deterred from steadily pursuing that object by any pecuniary
consideration, at least within reasonable bounds. With such feelings &
sentiments as influence the Georgia Historical Society, I cannot be
apprehensive of the result.
Accept my dear Sir, my kind wishes for your welfare, & believe me
to remain.
Very sincerely yours,
Robt. Lemon
[retained copy]
To Mr. Tefft
S. P. O.
17 May 1845
Sir,
By Mr. Addington's letter to you of 7 March 1844, 1 am permitted to
inspect & make a note of such documents as I may wish to transcribe
relating to Georgia between 1731 and 1735, and by another letter to you
dated 24 Oct. 1844, I am permitted to take copies of such as are of an
official character from 1735 to the end of the series, but not of such as
may appear to be private or confidential communications. Having lately
received a requisition from Georgia for copies of the earlier portion of
their papers, I beg leave to represent that when the Colony of Georgia
was first established, the government of it was vested in Trustees whose
powers continued from its commencement till the year 1752. The
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 69
correspondence of the whole of that period is almost exclusively between
the Trustees & their agents, servants & officers, relative to the progress &
condition of the Colony, and is wholly divested of the slightest political
character, as the most cursory inspection of the books & papers in this
office will in a moment determine. From the time the government of the
Colony vested in the Crown till the excitement caused by the Stamp Act
in 1765 commenced, the correspondence, though of an official character,
is equally divested of political importance.
Under those circumstances, I most respectfully request that I may be
permitted to copy such papers as I may require during the time the
Colony was governed by Trustees, vizt. to 1752. & from thence to the end
of the year 1760 without being subject to the restrictions alluded to in
Mr. Addington's letter of the 7th March. My only object in making this
suggestion is the saving of my own time in forming an immense list of
papers to which I feel assured no objection would exist, & the time of the
authorities of the Foreign Office in inspecting it.
I have the honor to be, etc
[not signed. Lemon retained copy!
To Mr. Hobhouse
[Foreign Office]
Savannah, 6th June 1845
Dear Sir,
Your favor of the 2nd ult. has been rec'd, and will be laid before the
Society at its next regular meeting.
I have invested the appropriation of $500, referred to in my letter of
the 3 1 st of March, in the enclosed Bill of A. Low & Co. , on Isaac, Low &
Co. of Liverpool, payable in London for £102-5-5 Sterling.
At this moment a large number of demands are falling upon our
Treasury so that our present, and in part our prospective, resources are
under pledge to a variety of objects. I mention this, by way of caution,
that your discretion may be guided in the outlay for transcripts of
documents. 1 would advise that you enter into no engagements involving
expenses beyond the present remittance until you hear from me farther.
At the approaching Session of our General Assembly, which meets in
November next, a strong application will be made to that body for an
additional appropriation subject to the disposal of the Society for
completing the documentary materials from your collection, but /almost
despair of success.
r, u 1 r^ Very truly yours,
Robert Lemon, Esq., / / 1 i^ t^ f f. r- c . /- u c
. , ' M . /s/ L K. Tefft, Cor. Sec y G. H. S.
London
70 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
/note in Lemon's handwriting/
28 June 1845
Permission given to copy Georgia papers down to 1760 without
further inspection.
[unsigned]
S.P.O.
2 July 1845
Gentlemen,
The inclosed bill I have just received from Georgia which I transmit
to you for acceptance payable in London, & request you will have the
goodness to forward same to me by return of post.
I am, Gent'm.
Your Obedient Serv't.
/s/ Robt. Lemon
Messrs. Isaac, Low & Co.
Liverpool
[enclosed with this letter is the following]
(copy)
No. 1131— £102. 5.5 Stg. Savannah 6th June 1845
— Sixty days after sight pay this first of Exchange (second not paid)
to the order of I. K. Tefft, Esquire, in London, one hundred and two
pounds, five shillings and five pence Sterling, value received as advised.
Andrew Low & Co.
To Messrs. Isaac, Low & Co )
Liverpool )
[endorsed on the back as follows:]
Pay to the order of Robert Lemon, Esq.
/s/ I. K. Tefft
67 Lombard Street
Liverpool 23d July 1845
Robt. Lemon, Esq.
Westminster
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 71
Sir,
We return, enclosed, bill received in your letter this morning, duly
accepted for £102.5.5, and remain.
Sir,
Yours respectfully,
/s/ Isaac, Low & Co.
[note in Lemon's hand]
Received
£102.5.5
6 Sept. 1845
/s/ Robt. Lemon
S.P.O.
16 Oct. 1845
Dear Sir,
I was in hopes I should have had a transmission to make to you by
the close of this year but I cannot accomplish it to the extent that is
desirable. The Minutes of the Trustees of Georgia are in 3 volumes &
Minutes of the Common Council are also in three volumes, altogether 6
in number. If I could have perfected either set of three volumes I would
have sent it, being so far entire, but I have been prevented by the serious
illness of one of my family which obliged me to leave London for a
considerable period this Autumn, & so far has interrupted my work. I
would not however let the season close without addressing a line to you
to assure you that I am in the land of the living, & living, I hope to do
much yet in the historical vineyard. I have the first volume of the Minutes
of the Common Council finished & the first Vol. of the Minutes of the
Trustees is so nearly compleated that my progress may be reckoned as
two volumes to this date. I will not anticipate their contents but I can
express to you that I feel quite confident as to the estimation in which
they will be rec'd,
I shall be happy to hear from you, particularly as to what passes in
your Assembly this session relative to your records.
I am. Dear Sir,
Very faithfully your,
/s/ Robt. Lemon
[retained copy,]
Mr. Tefft
Georgia
72 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Savannah 22nd January 1846
My dear Sir,
I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the
18th of August & 17th of Oct. last.
It is with deep regret I inform you of the failure of the application of
our Historical Society to the Legislature of the State for an appropriation
of money to defray the expenses in England of copying the Colonial
records of Georgia.
I visited Milledgeville twice during the Session and used [my] best
exertions to obtain even one half of the amount asked for in the
memorial, a copy of which I enclose, but without success.
The cause of the failure may be attributed to the embarrassed
condition of the finances of the State. Owing a heavy debt, contracted
for her internal improvements, the Legislature were unwilling to give
from the Treasury a sum of money even for so important an object.
Important as it was viewed, the Senate, to whom the matter was referred,
considered the preservation of the faith of the State to her creditors as
more so.
The opinion seems to prevail among our members that an ap-
phcation to our next General Assembly, in Nov. '47 would be more
successful, provided the Peace of the two countries be, in the mean time,
maintained, and God grant it may.
I have never been sanguine of success and hence in my letter [to] you
of the 6th of June last, I advised you in your outlay for the transcripts
not to exceed the amount transmitted to you by that opportunity.
Our Historiographer is waiting with a good deal of anxiety for the
receipt of the transcripts you have prepared, and I shall hope to receive
them by the first vessel from Liverpool for this port.
I am Dear Sir, with great respect, regard and esteem,
Very truly yours,
I. K. Tefft, Corr. Sec.
R. Lemon, Esq.
London
PS. While in the interior I met Mr. Hillhouse (whom I mentioned in one
of my letters to you). He informed me that his friend Mr. Lumpkin did
not receive my letters of introduction. They were transmitted too late.
Truly yours,
I.K. T.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 73
MEMORIAL
To the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives of the State
of Georgia, in General Assembly.
The undersigned have been appointed, by the Georgia Historical
Society, a Committee to present a Memorial to your Honorable body,
upon the subject of the recently discovered documents, relating to the
Colonial History of Georgia, which are now in the State-paper Office of
the British Government. You need not be reminded that it has long been
a cherished object with the citizens of this State, to procure transcripts of
the correspondence between the Governors of the Colony and the
authorities in England, of the Journals of the Provincial Assembly, and
other valuable records, throwing light upon this interesting period of our
history. The Legislature has made repeated applications to the British
Ministry for permission to take copies of these documents, and has
liberally appropriated money to defray the necessary expenses of ob-
taining them. Georgia has in fact, though the youngest of the original
thirteen States, been the first to take measures, under Legislative
authority, for procuring from England her Colonial records. Various
success has attended her efforts. In the year 1802, RUFUS KING,
Minister to England, obtained for the State two large trunks of public
documents. The Legislature appointed a Committee to examine their
contents; but it does not appear that they ever made a report, or that any
further action was taken relative to the disposition of those documents.
The attempt was renewed about the year 1819, on the appointment of the
late Mr. BEVAN as historiographer of the State. Through the in-
tervention of Congress, and the good offices of Mr. RUSH the
Representative of our Government near that of Great Britain, permission
was granted to take copies of a limited number of documents, such as
were particularly specified, and allowed by the Minister for Foreign
Affairs. The State-papers of the British Government are regarded as the
property of the King, constituting a part of his private library; and it was
extremely difficult not only for foreigners, but even for British subjects,
to obtain access to them. It is obvious that no important new matter
could be had, without the liberty of previously inspecting the records,
which was never granted. After the lapse of sixteen years, the Legislature
again took up the subject, and with better success. In the year 1836, the
Rev. CHARLES. W. HOWARD was appointed the Agent of the State,
to proceed to London, and solicit the British Ministry for power to
transcribe all documents in its office, connected with the Colonial affairs
of Georgia. After long delays they reluctantly consented, and Mr.
HOWARD is entitled to great credit for the perseverence and industry
with which he carried out the objects of his mission in the face of no
74 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
ordinary discouragements. The greatest difficulty, next to that of gaining
permission to copy the documents, arose from the confusion that
prevailed in some of these vast depositories, and the refusal to allow the
Agent to make a thorough search in person for the papers desired. Under
these circumstances, his mission was eminently successful, as he returned
with twenty-two volumes of valuable matter, embracing all the
documents in the State-paper Office, and in the office of the Board of
Trade and Plantations, which could be found.
There were other documents, however, the existence of which he had
no means of ascertaining, and which were unknown to the keepers
themselves. They are necessary to compkte the series belonging to the
State. They embrace the period from 1732 to 1735, the first two years
after the planting of the Colony, and without them it is impossible for
our history to be written. The application of Georgia disclosed to the
Government the confusion and separation in which the important papers
in the public offices existed. An order was therefore made for arranging
them anew, which led to the transfer of the collections formerly in the
Board of Trade to the State-paper Office, where the Colonial documents
were carefully sorted under their respective heads, and in chronological
order. The result was the discovery of the lost records relating to
Georgia; many volumes of which were brought to light.
That these volumes should be transcribed to be placed along with
those already obtained, no one will deny. After the expense which the
State has incurred towards this object, it would be an ill-judged economy
to withold the small appropriation necessary to complete the collection.
The value of any important literary work is destroyed by the loss of one
or two volumes, and could not, in its mutilated state, find an intelligent
purchaser. Of how much more importance is it to the people of Georgia
to have the records of their past history complete, especially when those
which are wanting relate to the very commencement of their existence?
The present is a time peculiarly favorable for making the ap-
plication. There never was a period when the British Government acted
with more enlighened liberality, in throwing open the great and valuable
stores of historical materials relating to the intercourse between their
predecessors and the Colonies, than has been shown by the preent
Ministry. Through the Society which this Committee represent, unusual
facilities are afforded. Assurances have been given that transcripts will
be allowed to the Agent of the State, or the Society, of every document
connected with our history down to the revolutionary war. The principal
Keeper of Her Majesty's State-paper Office, Mr. LEMON, is an active
and zealous member of the Georgia Historical Society, and has volun-
teered his services gratuitously to superintend the selection and tran-
scription of the documents, requiring only that the necessary expense for
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 75
materials and copyists should be furnished him. Every confidence may
be reposed in his jusdgment and fidelity. The Society has made ex-
penditures to a heavy amount in procuring materials for our early history
from other sources, which it would not properly devolve upon the State
to provide. But the public records stand on a different footing; and
besides that those still remaining to be transcribed are too costly for the
Treasury of the Society it would seem the appropriate duty of the
Legislature to make provision for incorporating them among its State
documents. Such has been the policy hitherto, and such this Committee
venture to express their confident belief will be the policy of the present
Assembly.
Wherefore your Memorialists earnestly pray that your Honorable
body will grant and appropriate to the Georgia Historical Society the
sum of THREE THOUSAND DOLLARS to be by them, and under
their direction applied to the transcription of documents connected with,
and relating to, the transactions in and respecting the Colony of Georgia,
while a Province of Great Britain, which have not been previously
copied, and which are preserved in the public offices of that Kingdom.
HENRY K. PRESTON
GEORGE R. GILMER
SAMUEL K. TALMAGE > Committee
ROBERT M. CHARLTON
L K. TEFFT
November 1, 1845
[Dated from minutes of the Georgia Historical Society.]
S. P.O.
3 March 1846
Dear Sir,
In conformity with the directions contained in several of your let-
ters, particularly that of the 31st of March 1845, and with the course
marked out by my letter to you of the 2nd of May following, I have now
the great satisfaction of informing you that I shall tomorrow or next day
send from London to Liverpool addressed to Messrs. Isaac, Low & Co.,
a box containing 6 bound volumes, & transcripts of some of the earlier
letters of the Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia.
The volumes consist of -
Journal of the Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia, 3
volumes, &
Minutes of the Common Council of the Trustees, 3 volumes.
76 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
The copies I have made are as near as possible the very counterparts
of the originals, even to the texture, quality and ruling of paper. They are
written and numbered, page for page, and this has enabled me to copy
the original Indexes, which, though probably not so complete as modern
indexes would be made, will yet afford very considerable facilities for
consulting these volumes till better can be constructed, if such shall be
thought necessary. I beg to claim no other merit in the Title Pages &
initial letters in the Indexes than that of their being fac-similies: they are
perhaps the ughest letters in existence but I judge they would not be less
interesting to the historians of Georgia on that account.
The letters I have been able to copy are principally from the Trustees
to their officers in Georgia, and though entering but upon the threshold
of the correspondence, they will, as far as they go, be found extremely
interesting.
In the outset of my labors, I fixed my commencement at the date of
the Charter in 1732, but in the progress of my work, I found so many
interests blending with South Carolina that I began to suspect the real
germ of the foundation of your State might be traced or at least indicated
in that quarter. This did not strike me till nearly the eleventh hour, and
following it up I made instant search among the more ancient registers in
the Council Office, & the few extracts I have been able to procure from
thence, prior to the date of the Charter, will amply repay the pains taken
to obtain them. I propose hereafter to carry this idea out more fully by
consulting the South Carolina records, if your subsequent arrangements
will permit me to do so.
With these extracts, and with binding the volumes of Journals &
Minutes, the small fund placed at my disposal has become exhausted;
that it will [be] replenished sooner or later I can have little doubt; the
importance of what yet remains to be done is unquestionable & Georgia
will not suffer itself to be beaten though it is at present outstripped in the
race of historic literature by more fortunate states. The example set by
Georgia has induced the splendid effort made by New York &
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Vermont are at this
moment pursuing the same track.
I shall wait with anxiety to hear of the reception of these documents.
In the mean time believe me to remain.
With the highest regard.
Your very sincere friend.
To I. K. Tefft Robt. L.
[retained copy]
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 77
Private
S.P.O.
3 March 1846
Dear Sir,
I have sent you a separate letter relative to the Transcripts now
forthcoming to be placed with the volumes or to make use of in any other
way you may think proper. I regret I cannot send you by this conveyance
a statement of my account but I will forward it by the same conveyance
with the transcripts themselves. I can however inform you that my
receipts & expenditures so nearly balance that whether I shall be a shilling
in or out of hand by the time the box of Transcripts reaches Messrs. Low
& Co., I do not know. My first intention was to bind the Volumes a little
more expensively than I have done but on consulting the spirit of your
letters, economy prevailed. I hope I have not erred on this point.
Your favor of the 22 of Jan. reached me on the 16th Ulto. Much as
I regret the failure of your last application, I do not despair of better
times; better feelings you cannot have. "We must be just before we are
generous" is a sentiment that influences largely our public & private
actions & I am glad to find your Legislature acts so fully upon that
principle, although it interrupts for the present the important labors of
the Georgia Historical Society.
I read with much interest the Memorial presented to the General
Assembly; Georgia has been singularly unfortunate in its first efforts; &
this makes me more anxious that its latter progress should be attended
with complete success. Permit me to point out to you that in the Memo,
you have given me a title to which I have no claim. I am Secretary to the
Commission of State Papers & Chief Clerk in Her Majesty's State Paper
Office; the higher office of Keeper is always held by a more important
personage, & you will do me a favor if it all cases within your reach you
will take care that I am not designated by any other title than I may
lawfully challenge,
I do assure you that I look for your acknowledgement of the receipt
of the Transcripts I now send with great (I was going to say intense)
anxiety, & I trust you will give me your most unreserved opinion upon
them. Pray do not hesitate on this point, it will be my guide in my future
course. I am invulnerable to compliments, but I can appreciate just, nay
severe, criticism as the greatest act of friendship that can be conferred
upon me.
I am &c.
To Mr. Tefft, Georgia
Private /unsigned/
[retained copy]
PS. Is Purisburg within your confines & the scope of your History? I
think it is, but should like to have your opinion thereon.
78
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
S. P. o.
4 Mar. 1846
Gentlemen,
1 beg to inform you that I shall tomorrow send from the Golden
Cross, Charing Cross a small deal box addressed to you containing
manuscripts, value of 100 guineas, to be forwarded to Mr. Tefft,
Historical Society, Savannah, by your first conveyance to Georgia & I
shall feel obliged if you will acquaint me with your safe receipt of the
same.
I am&c
Robt. Lemon
Messrs Isaac, Low & Co
Liverpool [retained copy]
S. P.O.
5 March 1846
Dear Sir,
I have the honor herewith to transmit you a Statement of my ac-
count with the Georgia Historical Society; which, as I shall send it
through the hands of Messrs. Low & Co., Liverpool, I hope will come to
your hand at the same time with the box of Transcripts and it will give me
great satisfaction to hear of the safe arrival of both.
I am Dear Sir,
Very sincerely yours,
Robt. Lemon
L K. Tefft, Esqr.
)
Georgia
Georgia Letters
[retained copy]
1732
Oct. 18
Martyn to Johnson
8
1733
Jan. 24
Same to Same
7
Jan. 24
Same to Oglethorpe
11
Jan. 24
Same to Same
2
Jan. 24
Same to Lombe
2
Feb. 21
Same to Oglethorpe
5
Mar. 1
Same to Mayor of Liverpool
3
Mar. 31
Same to Oglethorpe
9
Api. 4
Same to Same
5
Aprils
Same toEfarl] Derby
4
Apl.7
Same to Stanley
4
Apl. 11
Same to B(isho]p of Worcester
3
Api. 11
Same to Oglethorpe
3
May 9
Same to E[arl] of Abercorn
2
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
79
May 24
May 1 1 (24)
June 13
June 15
June 22
Sept. 12
Sept. 12
Sept. 26
Sept. 26
Oct. 18
Oct. 18
Nov. 22
Nov. 22
Nov. 23
Dec. 15
1734
March 6
March 21
March 25
Apl. 6
Apl. 10
Apl. 12
June 3
July 4
July 24
July 27
July 27
July 27
July 27
Oct. 9
Oct. 9
Oct. 28
Oct. 28
Oct. 28
Nov. 6
Nov. 27
Dec. 13
Dec. 13
1735
Jan. 25
Jan 25
Jan 25
Feb. 15
Feb. 24
Mar. 7
Mar. 17
May 13
May 15
May 15
May 15
May 15
May 15
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
Same
to Penn
to Oglethorpe
to Same
to Same
to Same
to Same
to Same
to Same
to Same
to Johnson
to Oglethorpe
to Same
to Same
to L'd. Harrington
to Oglethorpe
Martyn to Wolters
Same to Stanley
Same to Oglethorpe
Same to Dumont
Same to Oglethorpe
Same to Lowther
Same to Stanley
Same to Pfeill
Same toCauston
Same to Baron Reck
Same to Vanderpl'k
SametoBaUff&Rec'r
Same to Causton
Same to Baliff & Rec'r
Same to Same
Same toCauston
Same to Baliff & Rec'r
Same to Everleigh
Verelst to Baron Reck
Martyn to Lord Harrington
Verelst toCauston
Same to Quincy
Martyn to Causton
Verelst to Causton (March?)
Martyn to Clarke
Same to Causton
Same to Stanley
Same to B'd. of Trade
Same to Causton
Verelst to Jeffreys
Verelst to Abercrombie
Verelst to Causton
Same to Baliff & Rec'r
Same to Mackpherson
Same to Ferguson
Red'd24Dec. 1845
3
14
5
5
2
8
2
5
1
4
6
9
1
3
1
4
2
13
8
2
2
3
7
2
2
4
2
12
1
1
24
7
3
3
4
15
25
3
1
2
5
5
9
5
26
45
2
2
399
1846
(Note on reverse side] - List of Georgia letters copied, 5 March
1846
80 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Savannah 3rd June '46
My Dear Sir,
I had the pleasure to receive, more than two months ago, your est'd.
favor of the 3rd March, and since then I have been looking with a good
deal of anxiety for the arrival of the box of transcripts, but up to this
hour, I have no advice of its having been shipped.
In my letter to you of the 25th of July last, I requested the box sent
to Messrs. Isaac, Low & Co. of Liverpool under the impression that it
would be ready for shipment in one of their vessels coming out early in
the Autumn for cotton. Vessels arrived here weekly from L'pool up to
March but since that period, we have had no arrivals direct from that
port, & I suppose it is still in the counting room of I. L. & Co. awaiting a
direct opportunity which may not occur before the Fall.
The delay has been painful and embarrassing to our historiographer.
Dr. Stevens, as he cannot proceed without these materials. I regret ex-
ceedingly having suggested to you the mode of conveyance, as you
would, no doubt, have shipped the transcripts by the first steamer after
their completion. But I was influenced by the change in our Post-office
system - the difficulty of getting anything through the Department of
State without a very heavy expense, and the facility of getting the papers
through the Custom House in this city.
Mr. Chas. Green, one of the firm of A. Low & Co. here, will leave
tomorrow for Liverpool & I will request him to cause the box to be
shipped direct to New York, if it has not already been forwarded.
You asked me if Purisburg is within our confines and the scope of
our History. It is situated on the South Carolina side of the Savannah
River about twenty miles above this city and as it was the residence of the
Saltzbergers, Dr. Stevens will, no doubt recur [refer?] to it. The place is
named after Col. Jean Pierre Purry. I have in my collection of
autographs the original agreement between Gen'l. Oglethorpe & Col.
Purry concluded in London on the 4th Dec. 1731, by which the latter in
consideration of a grant which the King was to make to him a tract of
12,000 acres of land situated in South Carolina, on condition that six
hundred persons of the Protestant Swiss Nation should be transported
thither during the term of six years, beginning at Christmas 1730. He
engaged to have transported from Switzerland during the year 1732 three
hundred individuals, men, women & children, from England to be em-
barked and transported to Charleston, S. C. Gen'l. Oglethorpe advanced
him £26 Stg. to defray the small charges in Switzerland in selecting the
300 individuals - agreed to loan them £200 Stg. for which he was to
receive one fourth of the grant of land. This agreement is signed James
Edwd. Oglethorpe, a fac-similie of which I sent you, - the genuineness of
which you had doubts in consequence of the middle name o^ Edward. It
is a rare document, and settles the question of the middle name of the
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 8 1
General which most of his biographers omit. He is called simply James
Oglethorpe and it appears from the Register Book of Baptisms in the
Vestry of the Parish of St. James Westminster that his baptismal name
was the same. It is evident, however, that at an early period he used the
name of Edward, a favorite name among the partizans of the house of
Stuart to which his father. Sir Theophilus, was warmly attached. After
the defeat of the Pretender, and the establishment of the house of
Brunswick, Oglethorpe usually dropped the Edward in his signature, as
savoring perhaps too much of Jacobinism.
I will write to you immediately on the receipt of the transcripts,
meanwhile I remain, My dear Sir,
With great respect & regard
Very truly your obliged friend,
/s/I.K. Tefft
Rob't Lemon, Esq
London
90 Eaton Square, London
17 September 1847
Mr. dear Mr, Tefft,
I have this moment received your note of this morning; and regret
exceedingly that I shall not have the pleasure of meeting you again, and
of explaining to you personally the position of the application to the
Secretary of State to allow you to inspect the Georgia Documents in the
State Paper Office.
On the 28th of August Mr. Bancroft addressed a note to the
Secretary of State, in your behalf, and also urged the appUcation per-
sonally. The Secretary being in attendance on the Queen in Scotland, the
Under Secretary referred it to his chief for his opinion and decision; and
a day or two ago, he informed me that he had received the necessary
instructions and that we should soon have an answer. It has not yet
reached me. You are aware that in all these cases considerable delays
have always occurred; and the Secretary's absence from town at this time
has perhaps, in your case, been unfortunate.
I may perhaps as well add that in my interview with the Under
Secretary, it was intimated that the tenor of the reply would be that you
would be required to point out the particular Documents you wished to
inspect & that they would then be examined to ascertain whether you
could properly see them. I represented the hardship of these conditions
which, if insisted upon, would in reality amount to a refusal; as you
could not possibly specify every particular paper you wished to see, I
82 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
need not say that I very much regret you have not been able to ac-
complish what you desired; that your early departure for America
prevents your availing yourself of any permission which may be granted.
With my best wishes for your prosperous voyage home, believe me
ever faithfully yours,
/s/ J. R. Brodhead
State Paper Office
17 Sept. 1847
Dear Sir,
Your note this morning gave me such pain & mortification. Up to
this moment we have had no answer from the Colonial Office. By chance
I met Mr. Brodhead this morning & he told me that he called on Mr.
Hawes, the Colonial Under Secretary, who stated that the bag containing
despatches to Lord Grey who was in attendance on the Queen in Scotland
had been lost, and thus unfortunate delay has arisen, as the application
for you to inspect the Georgia Papers in this office had been forwarded
to him in that mail bag.
I most sincerely regret this great disappointment; as it would have
been of the greatest satisfaction to me, in every way, to have gone over
these papers with you.
It is also a source of much regret that owing to the shortness of your
stay here I have been enabled to interchange so very few courtesies with
you.
I am, Dear Sir,
Very faithfully yours,
Robt. Lemon
[retained copy]
L K. Tefft, Esqr.
&c
90 Eaton Square
21 September 1847
My dear Sir,
I received this day. Lord Grey's answer to Mr. Bancroft's ap-
plication for a Secretary of States's order authorizing you to inspect the
Georgia Papers in H. M. State Paper Office; and as you may feel
desirous to lay the correspondence before the Historical Society, I en-
close herewith copies of Mr. Bancroft's letter of the 28th August and of
Lord Grey's reply of yesterday. My note to you of the 17th instant, which
I trust you received before sailing, informed you that Lord Grey being in
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 83
attendance on the Queen, Mr. Bancroft's communication was forwarded
to Scotland; and by a most unfortunate delay at the Post Office there, it
was prevented reaching his Lordship's hands for some days, as is ex-
plained in the note now enclosed.
As I mentioned to you in my note of the 17th, the tenor of the reply
which would be given to our application was intimated to me by the
Under Secretary when I saw him on the subject; and I took the occasion
to represent that a compliance on your part with the conditions
proposed, would be extremely difficult, if not utterly impracticable.
I am, dear Sir,
Very faithfull yours,
/s/ J. R. Brodhead
I.K. Tefft, Esqr.
etc, etc.
[2 Ends.]
Downing Street
20th September 1847
(copy)
Sir,
I have had the honor to receive your letter of the 28th ultimo,
requesting permission for Mr. Tefft to inspect certain Documents in Her
Majesty's State Paper Office relative to the History of the State of
Georgia.
I regret extremely the delay which has occurred in answering your
Excellency's communication. It has been occasioned by a mistake made
at the Post Office, by which your letter has been prevented reaching my
hands for more than a week. I hasten now to state that if you will furnish
me with a list of the papers, copies of which are required, I will cause
them to be inspected, and that if there should appear to be no objection
to the publicity of them it will afford me much pleasure to comply with
your request.
I am. Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
(signed) Grey
George Bancroft, Esqr.
&c, &c, &c,
[A copy of this letter was made an enclosure to Brodhead's letter to
Tefft, dated 21 September 1847.]
84 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
(Copy)
Mr. Bancroft presents his compliments to Earl Grey, and begs to
acquaint his Lordship that he has been requested by Mr. Tefft, the
Secretary of the Historical Society of the State of Georgia, to make
application for the necessary permission to enable Mr. Tefft to inspect
certain Documents in Her Majesty's State Paper Office, relating to the
History of that State.
Mr. Bancroft begs to state, for his Lordship's information, that in
the month of March 1844, Mr. Robert Lemon of Her Majesty's State
Paper Office, was authorized by the Earl of Aberdeen to make copies of
papers, under certain restrictions, relating to the History of Georgia, on
behalf of the Historical Society of that State, and that in the month of
June 1845, permission was extended to Mr. Lemon to copy without
reserve down to the year 1760 inclusive.
Mr. Tefft being now himself in London is desirous of inspecting,
under the usual restrictions, the papers in Her Majesty's State Paper
Office relating to Georgia generally, in order to select such as it may be
desirable to transcribe. Mr. Bancroft begs to commend his request to
Lord Grey's most favorable consideration; and as Mr, Tefft's stay in
town is necessarily limited to a very short period, Mr. Bancroft
respectfully invites his Lordship's earhest attention to this application.
90 Eaton Square
28 August 1847
[A copy of this letter was made an enclosure to Brodhead's letter
to Tefft, dated 21 September 1847]
Ship Kate Hunter
at sea 19 Oct. '49
My dear Stevens,
You have no doubt learned thro, our mutual fr'd. Mr. Hodgson that
I am returning from Europe without having had access to the Georgia
documents in the State Paper Office, London. We sailed from Liverpool
on the 21st Ult., & hope to reach New York tomorrow or the next day,
but lest I may not meet you on my arrival, I will make for you the
following extracts from my jornal -
26th August - arrived in London last ev'g - engaged lodgings this
morning at 4 Fitz Roy Square - despatched my introductory letters
through the post - rode to the State Paper Office to sec Mr. Lemon -
Office closed, it being a holy day - Went to his residence at Pimlico - Was
told that he was at home and invited in - After remaining nearly half an
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 85
hour, his daughter entered the parlor & said "her father was at work in
the garden, very dirty, and begged to be excussed. " I expressed regret at
not being enabled to see him, & left word that I would call at his office
the next day.
27th August - Called upon Mr. Lemon at the S.P. Office with my
son Charles. He received us kindly but evidently much embarrassed -
apologized for having excused himself yesterday - said he had upbraided
himself all day for having refused us. I asked him if I could see the
Georgia Documents under the authority already obtained from Lord
Aberdeen - He seemed to think I could do so, but he would have to
consult "his Master" first and he would let me know at an early hour.
29th August - In the ev'g went to Mr. Bancroft's by invitation and
remained an hour - Met a warm and very kind receiption - Mr. B. in-
formed me that at the moment of my arrival he made an application to
Mr. Hawes, the Under Secretary, in the absence of Earl Grey, in the hope
of obtaining permission for me to examine, without delay, the Georgia
Papers but up to that hour he had received no reply - 1 remarked that I
had been led to suppose that under the previous order of Lord Aberdeen
granting permission to Mr. Lemon to transcribe such papers as the
Georgia Historical Society should desire and as he had already made
some transcripts under my direction as Sec'y of the Society, I should
meet with no obstacle in pointing out what would still be desirable to
have copied - That I had had an interview with Mr. Lemon on Friday the
27th who thought there could be no objection raised, and that I had been
anxiously waiting a note from him on the subject - Mr. B. intimated that
permission must come from an other quarter and that he would call upon
Mr. Hawes early in the morning and urge a reply to his application.
31st [August] - Not hearing from Mr. Lemon, wrote him as follows:
"Dear Sir - Not having heard from you, I am led to fear that I may have
misapprehended you in relation to my examination of the Georgia
Documents - 1 understood you to say that you did not think there would
be any obstacle in the way, that you would write to the Principal Keeper
and inform me of the result at the earliest moment. I have waited with a
great deal of anxiety to hear from you as my stay in the City is now
limited to only four days." - Returning from a visit to Hampton Court
late this evening, I found at my lodgings the following note from Mr.
Lemon. "S.P.O. 31 Aug. '47. Dear Sir, There is a great misapprehension
somewhere for Mrs. Lemon & myself expected the pleasure of your
company & your son's to dinner yesterday and waited for you till 6 &
then gave you up. Within Vi an hour after seeing you on Friday, after
having ascertained that it would be necessary to obtain the sanction of
the Sec'y of State for your inspecting the Georgia papers here, I had an
inteview with Mr. Bancroft & explained the circumstances of the case to
86 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
him in order to enable him to make a direct appHcation to the Under
Sec'y of State, which he did personally to Mr. Hawes & pressed him for a
speedy answer to the same; so much so that I thought I should have had
an answer here on Saturday and very confidently expected it yesterday,
but I am sorry to say that up to this moment, 1 o'clock, no letter has been
received here from the Colonial Office - You had better therefore see Mr,
Bancroft to learn if any answer has been returned to him. I assure you
not an instant was lost by Mr. Bancroft in making the necessary ap-
plication to the proper authorities, and I not a little regret the delay that
has intervened, though I am totally ignorant of the cause. I am, Dear Sir,
etc
Rob't Lemon
To which I instantly replied as follows:
Dear Sir, I have just rec'd your note of today & feel especially
mortified at having misapprehended you. I understood that when I had
access to the Georgia papers myself & son were to go home with you,
from your office, to a family dinner and the day depending solely upon
that contingency. Monday was named but in the meanwhile you kindly
led me to expect a note from you in relation to a permit for me to
examine the Georgia documents, and, not having heard from you, I was
led to infer that you did not expect us on Monday and hence was deterred
from coming.
In relation to the documents, I made no formal application on my
arrival to see them, supposing that under the authority given to you by
Lord Aberdeen to transcribe such papers as the Georgia Historical
Society might desire, and as you had already caused transcripts of a
portion of them to be made, there could be no possible objection to its
organ pointing out personally what would still be desirable to have
copied. Mr. Bancroft has already apprized me of his early application to
Mr. Hawes in my behalf, but that he had received no reply. I shall feel
much mortified if I am obliged to return to Georgia without having had
the privilege of seeing the documents about which we have been so long
in correspondence. I am, &c., LK.T.
1st September - Mr. Lemon called upon me this ev'g, expressed
regret that he had not succeeded in obtaining permission for me to see the
Georgia Papers - said he would see Mr. Bancroft again in the morning
and write to me in the course of the day.
2nd September - Visited Windsor Castle & returning in the ev'g
found a note from Mr. Lemon as follows: "Dear Sir, I called at Eaton
Square this morning according to my promise to you last night. Mr.
Bancroft has left town and is, I think, on the Continent. But I saw Mr.
Broadhead who is left charge'd' affairs in his absence. Mr. Broadhead
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 87
thinks with myself that the application for your access to this office
(S.P.O.) has been transmitted to Lord Grey, the Colonial Secretary, who
is with the Queen in Scotland. If so, it will have travelled many hundred
miles (in my opinion uselessly) & thus have occasioned this vexatious
delay. If Mr. Brodhead has no answer in the course of the day, he intends
to call upon Mr. Hawes, the Under Sec'y for the Colonies, on the subject
tomorrow. There is another point it may be as well for you to be in-
formed of - formerly our American Papers, that is the correspondence
with the Colonies, was under the control of the Foreign Department, but
by a very recent arrangement between the three Secretaries of State, all
the papers relating to America as Colonies down to the recognition of the
Independence of the United States, have been placed under the entire
control of the Colonial Secretary; and as the consideration of such
subjects is new to that Department, it is highly probably more caution
has been exercised in the case of your appHcation than it in any degree
needed, and hence arises a delay which might have been avoided. Under
these circumstances I would venture to suggest that it would be better for
you to take your continental trip at once, and devote a day or two to the
examination of the Georgia Papers on your return to England previous
to taking your final departure for America. I am. Dear Sir, &c. - Rob't
Lemon.
16th September - Reached London from Paris late last night,
17th [September] - Early this morning despatched the following note
to Mr. Lemon - "4 Fitzroy Square. 17th Sep'r, Dear Sir, I arrived here
last night from France and leave this morning by the 10 o'clock train for
Liverpool to sail in the first packet for the U. S. I had hoped to have
heard from you during my stay of ten days in Paris, and I need not tell
you that I return home with deep regret at not having had the op-
portunity afforded me of seeing the Georgia Documents. Should you
have any letters for me, have the kindness to send them to the care of
Messrs. Isaac, Low & Co., Liverpool. I am. Dear Sir,
I.K. T.
18th September - Arrived at Liverpool and rec'd in the ev'g the
following reply from Mr. Lemon:
State Paper Office
17 September '47
"Dear Sir,
Your note of this morning gave me much pain and mortification. Up
to this moment we have had no answer from the Colonial Office. By
chance I met Mr. Brodhead this morning & he told me that he had called
on Mr. Hawes, the Colonial Under Secretary, who stated that the bag
containing despatches to Lord Grey, who was in attendance on the
Queen in Scotland, had been lost, and thus this unfortunate delay has
88 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
arisen, as the application for you to inspect the Georgia Papers in this
office had been forwarded to him in that mail bag.
I most sincerely regret this great disappointment; as it would have
been of the greatest satisfaction to me in every way to have gone over
these papers with you.
It is also a source of much regret that owning to the shortness of
your stay here I have been enabled to interchange so few courtesies with
you.
I am, Dear Sir, &c,
Rob't Lemon
At the same time I received the following letter from Mr. Brodhead in
reply to a note from me requesting him to send any letters rec'd for me to
Liverpool:
90 Eaton Square, London
17 Sept. '47
My Dear Mr. Tefft,
I have this moment received your note of this morning, & regret
exceedingly that I shall not have the pleasure of meeting you again, and
of explaining to you personally the position of the application to the
Secretary of State to allow you to inspect the Georgia Documents in the
State Paper Office.
On the 28th of August Mr. Bancroft addressed a note to the
Secretary of State, in your behalf, and also urged the application per-
sonally. The Secretary being in attendance on the Queen in Scotland, the
Under Sec'y referred it to his chief for his opinion and decision; and a
day or two ago he informed me that he had received the necessary in-
structions and that we should soon have an answer. It has not yet reached
me. You are aware that in all these cases considerable delays have always
occurred; and the Secretary's absence from town at this time has perhaps
in your case been unfortunate.
I may perhaps as well add that in my interview with the Under
Secretary, it was intimated that the tenor of the reply would be that you
would be required to point out the particular Documents you wished to
inspect, and that they would then be examined to ascertain whether you
could properly see them. I represented the hardship of the conditions,
which if insisted upon would in reality amount to a refusal; as you could
not possibly specify every particular paper you wished to see.
I need not say that I very much regret you have not been able to
accomplish what you desired and that your early departure for America
prevents you availing yourself of any permission which may be granted.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 89
With my best wishes for your prosperous voyage home. BeHeve me
ever faithfully yours,
J. R.Brodhead
Compare, my dear Stevens, the two notes, both bearing the same
date and evidently written at the same moment for the one o'clock mail,
and after the gentlemen had had an interview in the morning. The in-
ference is irresistible that Mr. Lemon had no very great desire that I
should see the Georgia Papers in the State Paper Office at all.
Ever affectionately, y'r fr'd,
/s/ I. K. Tefft
Rev'd W. B. Stevens
NOTES TO PART I.
(1) Robert Lemon (1800-1867). Archivist, editor; senior clerk in the State Paper Office.
StQ Dictionary of National Biography, XI, 911 (New York, 1909).
(2) Edward Everett (1794-1865). Unitarian clergyman, teacher, statesman, orator. He was
Minister to Great Britain when these letters were written.
(3) This letter is copied from Mr. Lemon's retained copy and conforms, except in minor
detail, to the original, both of which are in the Society's collection. Note Lemon's
facetious close which appears only in his retained copy.
(4) A. A. Ettinger. James Edward Oglethorpe . . . (Oxford, 1936). p. 1 15-1 16.
90 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Part II
Miscellaneous Correspondence Concerning Colonial and State Records.
Boston (Mass.) August 31st 1839
I.K.Tefft,Esqr.
Corresponding Sec'y- &c.
Dear Sir,
I was much gratified with learning that a "Georgia Historical
Society" was formed at Savannah, for the purpose of collecting,
preserving, and publishing some of the most rare and interesting
documents of the settlement, and subsequent history of that State; and
that gentlemen of high respectability for talents, character, patriotism,
and office, were its founders, and have become its promoters and
patrons. And now, the vote of that Society, so soon constituting me "an
honorary member," is a flattering distinction for which I desire, through
you, to render to them my grateful acknowledgements. With my ac-
ceptance of the honor thus conferred on me, I pledge my readiness to
contribute whatever in my humble measure and waning life, may be in
my power, to the desirable objects of the Institution.
I also acknowledge the receipt of fifty dollars, inclosed in your let-
ter, voted by the Society with referrence to the procuring copies of ex-
ceedingly scarce documents relative to the early settlement of Georgia;
which I engage to apply agreeably to their request; and hold myself
responsible to the Board of Managers for its appropriation.
With respects to the President & members of the Society,
accept, yourself, the personal regards, of your old friend,
/s/ Thaddeus Mason Harris (1)
Plymouth January 28, 1840
I. K.Tefft,Esqr.
Dear Sir,
Your obliging favor of 14th instant announcing that the Georgia
Historical Society has elected me an honorary member of that highly
respectable association has been duly received accompanied by a copy of
their Constitution and By-Laws. For this instance of their honorable &
friendly attention, I beg leave to proffer through you my respectful
acknowledgements. I rejoice to learn that the Georgia Colonial History is
about to receive the requisite investigation in which I presume complete
justice will be requited to the Renowned James Oglethorpe as the original
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 91
founder. I shall receive with much pleasure the publication contemplated
by your Society. I deem it auspicious to the character of our country that
histories and biographies are multiplying among us for the benefit of
those who shall come after us and take an interest in the signal events of
our time.
Permit me to subscribe myself, Dear Sir,
your very Ob't. Serv't.
/s/ James Thacher (2)
Providence May 23, 1840
Dear Sir,
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication
of the 12 instant, informing the Georgia Historical Society have Elected
me an Honorary Member. My sense of this distinguished honor will not
permit me to express all that I feel of gratitude and deep regard for the
members of the Georgia Society both in their individual as well as their
corporate capacity. The exertions of the members of the Georgia
Historical Society in inducing the State authorities to employ an Agent to
transcribe from Colonial papers in England all that relates to the early
history of the State, will ever reflect the highest honor and distinction on
your Society, as well as on the State of Georgia, and may hereafter lead
the Government of the United States to compleat [sic] the copies relating
to the other Twelve Original States.
With high respect and regard,
Your obe't Servant,
/s/ John Howland (3)
I. K. Tefft, Esq.
Corresponding Sec'y-
I. K. Tefft, Esq.
Corresponding Secretary [1841]
of the Georgia Historical Society.
Dear Sir,
On my return from Europe, I found awaiting me the certificate of
my election as an Honorary member of your Society, and a copy of the
first volume of your Collections. Your letter of the 27th Ultimo, ad-
dressed to me as Chairman of the Historical Committee of the
Charleston Library Society, and the weekly Georgian referred to in it
reached me in the course of mail. It was my wish - as I felt it to be a duty -
to answer these communications without delay. But one thing after
another has occurred to prevent me from before fulfilling this wish and I
can only now pray you to pardon my procrastination - and assure you
92 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
that it has arisen from anything rather than a want of interest in your
Society and the objects in which it is engaged. Most cordially do I rejoice
in the distinguished success which has attended your efforts - I trust that
you may go on and prosper. It would afford me great pleasure could I, in
any manner, contribute to that prosperity.
The Historical Society of the Charleston Library Society has for
several years resigned its functions. Indeed it was silently relinquished.
When I one Summer left town for the mountains, the Chair in my ab-
sence was occupied by the late Benjamin Elliott. On my return I did not
resume it, and at his death the Committee expired. During its action,
several curious and valuable documents, both manuscripts & printed,
illustrative of the history of our country were obtained, and are now in
the archives of the Library Society. And they will, I am quite sure, be
freely communicated - most freely - to any gentleman engaged in
collecting materials for history. We have too in the Library a file of
Newspapers (Charleston) commencing in 1731-1732 which contain many
important matters with reference to your, as well as to this, state. To all
of these papers and to any sources of information in our Library, Dr.
Stevens, who I am glad to see has undertaken to be your historian, can
have, I am sure, the freest access, and I need scarcely say that I shall most
cheerfully do all that may be in my power to facilitate his researches. The
discourse which he delivered before you on the 12th of Febr'y. last, of
which I a day or two ago received a copy thro the post office for which I
presume I am obliged to you and for which I beg leave to thank you,
shows how well he is qualified for the arduous & delicate task which he
has undertaken. I trust he will live to execute it in a manner alike
honorable to himself and to his state.
For some time past I have been employed, as occasion offered, in
making collections of documents relating to our history - and during my
recent visit to Europe I have given a good deal of attention to this matter
and have fallen in with several publications of considerable rarity and
great interest. The one on which I set the highest value is a narrative of
the second voyage of the French in 1564 under the command of
Laudonnier, to what was then called Florida and which embraces a large
portion of Georgia & South Carolina. It is from the very rare collection
of Theodore de Bry written in Latin & printed at Frankfort on the Maine
in 1591. It contains the best map of that date extant of our coast, as then
known, & has upwards of 40 engravings of scenes connected with Indian
customs & the history of the country. It will afford me much satisfaction
to lay this rarity and any other information that I may possess, and to
give him the freest use of it.
My intention was to have visited Savannah soon after my return
home. I shall now be compelled to postpone my visit to the fall. I hope
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 93
then to be some time in your good city,
and I am, with the highest respect,
Dear Sir,
your ob't. Ser't.
/s/ M.King (4)
Washington, D. C.
Aprill4thl841.
Dear Sir,
I have had the honor to receive your flattering letter of the 5th inst. I
shall continue to send you public documents, but as you have not
designated the kind which will be most acceptable to your Society, I shall
send you all that comes in my way. If you receive a good deal of trash, I
invoke you to exercise a charitable forbearance.
Accompanying this you will receive six packages, containing
principally documents upon Indian Affairs; and the seventh, the trial of
Commodore James Barron. If any of them be worthy of a place in your
Library, I shall feel myself honored as the means of placing them there.
I cannot express the pleasure it affords me to learn that your Society
has engaged a gentleman every way qualified for the task of writing the
History of Georgia. As a native of that state, I assure you that it will be a
source of high gratification if I shall be able to collect any materials
which will be useful in the undertaking. I will examine the public libraries
in this city, having an eye particularly to documents which elucidate the
early history of the country. If Dr. Stevens has any knowledge of such
things in any book to be found in the Congress Library, and will let me
know what he wishes to obtain, I will furnish him with manuscript
copies. Say to him that he will command my services freely and not to
manifest any reserve. I expect to remain here until October, if my
connection with the Treasury Department is not dissolved at an earlier
day .
Let me suggest to you the propriety of soliciting the aid of Col. Peter
Force of this City in collecting materials. I know of no gentleman who
can render you more efficient aid. He is Vice President of the National
Institution and Chairman of the Department of History and Antiquities,
and besides, a most indefatigable collector of Historical papers. If
requested to lay the matter before the Nat. Institution, he would do so,
and no doubt secure the aid of several gentlemen of his Department -
amongst whom are Pishey Thompson, Esq., Dr. Robert Greenhow and
Alexr. Dimitry, Esq. Mr. Thompson is familiar with books - the two
latter gentlemen are distinguished as scholars. Dr. G. is Librarian of the
State Department which has a large collection of rare and valuable
books. All these gentlemen will cheerfully aid in procuring materials, and
94 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
if you have not taken the steps suggested, suffer me to urge upon you to
do so without delay.
You will no doubt be pleased to learn that the National Institution
established in this place not quite a year ago is advancing by giant strides.
The collections already in its possession together with what is on the way
to us, will make our cabinets equal in interest to any in the U. S. Our
Curator and his assistants are engaged in opening the specimens sent
home by the Exploring Expedition. The lovers of science will enjoy a rich
treat in this - as you may imagine when you are informed that in birds
alone, a few boxes only of the collection contains several hundred species
which are not found in the Northern Hemisphere. While I remain here I
shall consider myself honored by showing you, or your friends, our
cabinets and hope you and they will give a call when passing - make my
respects to Messrs. Bryan & Anderson of the Navy. With an apology for
the length of time I have intruded. I subscribe myself very respectfully
your obedient servant.
H. C. Williams
I. K.Tefft, Esq.
Corresponding Secretary
Georgia Historical Society
[added in margin] Can you get one of your members to reckon [record?]
for you such things I may send you?
Washington 12 May 1841
I. K.Tefft, Esq.
Corresponding Secretary
Georgia Historical Society
Savannah,
Dear Sir,
At the last stated meeting of the National Institution I had the
pleasure of submitting your letter of the 20th January and the ac-
companying paper on the subject of the proposed complete History of
Georgia, which we are rejoiced to learn your enterprising Society are
about to prepare and publish under such favorable auspices and by so
competent a person. Your communication was immediately referred to
the Department of American History and Antiquities which will
cheerfully aid you with all the means it can command under the advice of
Peter Force, Esqr. (6) who is the Chairman of that Branch of the In-
stitution.
1 am. Dear Sir, respectfully,
Your obedient Servant,
/s/ Francis Markoe, Jr. (7)
Corresponding Secretary
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 95
5 Place de Launay
a Nantes
18 August 1841
Dear Sir,
Your most welcome packet reached me three weeks ago. But though
highly gratified to find myself a quasi Georgian, I could do no more at
the time than give a hasty glance to the contents of your letter. Hardly
recovered from a severe illness, I was in a state of great languor &
feebleness, and on the point of setting off on a tour to the North in the
hope of restoring my health by change of air. The inclemency of the
weather (most unusual at this season of the year) has abridged my
travels, and so far impaired their efficacy that I am now medically
directed, in consideration of the still lanquid state of my health, to ab-
stain for at least a month from all serious study. This counsel is
disagreeably reinforced by the strange difficulty I feel at this moment in
expressing myself.
However, before surrendering to utter inactivity, I have taxed
myself to do what I could in furtherence of your wishes. I doubt if I have
been able to render you any service. But if I disappoint you, this proceeds
from no want of good will nor counteracting interest on my part. How
indeed could you qualify your demand for my assistance to the labours
of Dr. Stevens, by referring to "a due regard to your own interest"?
Believe me - I hope you will, Mr. Tefft - that I love America with a
sentiment that makes her & hers as dear a part as my heart can know of
me & mine. Too happy should 1 be, unknown & unnoticed, to contribute
to the illustration of her early history, & the gratification of her
children's interest in the fortune & virtues of their fathers. I repudiate
every interest that is inconsistent with American renown.
Your allusion to my proximity to Salzburg made me smile. In
reference to literary intercourse, I deem myself further from that place
than from any of the states of N. America. I have not now a single living
friend or acquaintance in Germany - I am little conversant with German
Literature - an entire stranger to the language - I never met with any of
the works to which you allude, nor ever before heard the names of the
writers whom you mention. I may be mistaken - but I suspect that such
works as you have in view are extant only in libraries, public or private-
and that your best chance of your availing yourself of them would be
afforded by the personal enquiries of some active & intelligent friend on
the spot to whom the most minute instructions should be communicated.
I have written to my friend Sir William Hamilton, Bart. Professor,
of History, now of Logic, in the University of Edinburg soliciting his
assistance with the literati of Germany to the procurement of such
materials or information as may seem likely to meet the wishes of the
96 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Georgia Historical Society & improve the work of Dr. Stevens. I have
also written to an accomplished woman, a friend of mine, at La
Rochelle, desiring her to engage her brother, Mr. Banfield, Librarian to
the King of Bavaria to lend what assistance he can towards the same end -
and to my son in law, Mr. Stewart of London, who mixes much with
literary society there, and whose talent & activity I can depend on
enlisting in behalf of your interesting researches. I must confess I expect
little profit from these exertions. If any should hereafter reach me, I shall
not fail to transmit it to you. I shall try by and bye, when more capable
of personal exertion than I now am, if anything can be done here. But
Nantes is by no means a seat of letters or haunt of literary men.
Present my grateful thanks & friendly regards to my brethern (as I
may now term them) of the Georgia Historical Society, and
believe me. Dear Sir,
Your obliged faithful friend,
/s/ J.Grahame(8)
I hope that Dr. Stevens' work will give some account of the real
manners & character of that class of people described by the "Youth
from Georgia's Shore" in Wordsworth's beautiful poem "Ruth." I
suppose they were the same people whom your statistical writer. Warden,
terms Crackers. Let me refer Dr. Stevens to a passage relative to Georgia
in Edmund Burke's famous speech on economical reform in the British
House of Commons in 1780 - also to your distinguished countryman, my
friend, Mr. Walsh's "Appeal" for some remarks on the policy of
Governor Wright - and in general to the pages of the London Annual
Register.
Now, you have all I know & can do at present.
New York, 6th Sept. 1841
Dear Sir,
I will be happy to see your son and will not fail to put in his hands
the book in question. I am glad to hear that a competent person has
undertaken to write the history of Georgia. For the events prior to its
colonization by Oglethorpe, with the exception of the information
derived from the records and narratives of South Carolina, recourse
must be had to foreign authorities. The best French compilers in that
respect are Lescarbot and Charlevoix. An able discussion of the at-
tempted French settlements will be found in Holme's Annals. You will
find in the introduction to the 3rd vol. of Charlevoix, (the account of his
voyage: the two first vol. are his history of New France) a list of the
original authorities and of the Spanish compilers. The original
authorities are the Portuguese relation of De Soto's expedition, Evora
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 97
1557. Laudoniere's & Gourgues's [sic] French expeditions, Paris 1586,
and also inserted in De Bry's India Occidentalis, Paris 1590; do by
Challus apud Benzoni, Geneva 1578 & 1600; and Spanish account of the
same by Solis de las Meras, a manuscript inserted in the Ensayo
Chronologico, hereafter mentioned. The principal Spanish compilers for
Florida are, the "Historia del Adelantado Hernando De Soto" by Gar-
cilasso de la Vega, Lisbon 1605; the "Ensayo Chronologico para la
Historia general de la Florida desde el ano de 1512 hasta al de 1722,"
Madrid 1723, under the fictitious name of Cardenas, but written by a
learned Spanish writer, Gonzales de Barcia, Auditor of the Council of
War; and "chrysis del Ensayo Chronologico &c." 1725, being a critic of
the "Ensayo" under the fictitious name of a foreigner, but written by
Joseph de Salazar, historiographer of Spain & India. With the exception
of the two relations of De Soto's expedition, I have not seen any of those
other works; but the "Ensayo Chronologico," at least, appears in-
dispensable to fill the blank between 1570 & the English settlement of S.
Carolina, and afterwards for comparison. As to the two relations of De
Soto's expedition, there is no doubt that the Portuguese, written by an
eyewitness and published fourteen years after its termination in the
Palace and under the auspices of the Bishop of Evora, is the original ac-
count; and that of Garcilasso pubHshed 48 years later, an adorned com-
pilation founded principally, though without acknowledgement, on the
Portuguese narrative. Even this must be read with caution, making due
allowance for exaggeration, credulity, carelessness and imperfect
recollections. The account of treasures of true pearls, which had
proceeded from a fishery on the coast of Georgia, is incredible, and was
probably a deception on the part of DeSoto in order to encourage his
followers. But although he found no gold, the Indian boy whose in-
formation induced him to travel northwardly from Apachicola, did ac-
tually lead him into what we now know to be the gold region. A cir-
cumstance assists in defining the limit of his and of his successor,
Moscaso de Alvarado's travels, both east and west of the Mississippi;
neither of them ever saw a buffalo. The difficulty of reconcihng their ac-
count of courses & distances with the ascertained geography of the coun-
tries they traversed in common to the itineraries of almost all the ancient
and indeed of several modern land travellers. In this instance, it must be
recollected that there is a great difference between the "day's march" of
several hundred men wandering through an unexplored forest, and
travelling unemcumbered on a known path. As to my own work, it must
be recollected that the object of that portion of it was to try to discover
by what tribes of Indians the country was inhabited when first visited by
the Europeans.
I am sorry that I cannot assist you in your collection of autographs:
but such has been the demand for them of late years that I have parted
98 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
with every scrap of paper which I could spare, without breaking on
correspondence of a private nature or of such historical character as I
must preserve.
I remain with great regard and consideration,
Dear Sir,
Your obedient servant,
/s/ Albert Gallatin (9)
ToI.K.Tefft, Esq.
Secretary of the
Historical Society of Georgia
Monsieur,
We hasten to acknowledge receipt of your honored letter of the 22nd
of this month, in which you ask for the German publications concerning
the emigrants from Salzbourg. We are going to have sent from Germany
the different works of which you have indicated to us the titles and we
shall try to complete your list, as much as will be possible for us and for
our correspondents.
The work of having been translated from a Latin manuscript, it does
not exist in a [printed] Latin edition, we shall therefore be forced to
procure for you the German translation. It will be the same for the other
works, of which there are not any French or English translations as far as
we know and can discover in the catalogues. About the end of November
or the beginning of December we hope to be in possession of the books
and we shall send them to you by the prescribed means, as soon as they
arrive.
Agree, Monsieur, the expression of our most perfect consideration,
with which we have the honor to be
Your
very devoted servants
pp on Treuttel & Wurtz
Jung
Paris, this 25 October 1841
To: James Grahame
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 99
To Monsieur James Grahame
5 Place de Launay at Nantes
Paris the 9th February 1 842
Monsieur,
We are very sorry that the German books, which you were so kind as
to order from us, have taken such a long time to arrive in Paris. It is
principally the imperfections of the collection of Urlsperger which has
necessitated a second and third request to Halle in Saxony. Finally we
have obtained complement [complete set], except however for Numbers
14, 15 and 16 of the Supplement, these three issues are entirely out of
print, and one cannot any longer get them.
The same is the case for the two little works of Ebermann and Reck,
but in contrast we have added a brochure published in 1840 which seems
to have been unknown to Sir William Hamilton.
On the other hand the invoice of the small package, which will be
sent today by accelerated transport. According to your desires we have
taken in reimbursement the francs 31 .40, the sum of our invoice.
Agree, Monsieur, the assurance of our perfect consideration.
Your
very humble servants,
pp on Treuttel & Wurtz
Jung
mvoice
Furnished to Monsieur James Grahame
5 Place de Launay at Nantes
by Treuttel & Wurtz, booksellers.
1. Caspari, actenmaessige Geschichte francs 2.70 centimes
1. Geschichte der evangelischen Salzburger. .50
Nurnberg, 1835
[History of the Protestant Salzburgers]
1 . Nieritz, die protestantische Salzburger 2.50
[The Protestant Salzburgers]
1 . Pance, Auswanderung der Salzburger 4.00
[Emigration of the Salzburgers]
1. Urlsperger, american. Ackerwerk, 4 vols. 6.00
[American Farming]
100 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
1. [American Farming], Nachricht von den Salzburger 1.35
Emigranten
[Notices of the Salzburger Emigrants]
1. [American Farming], Numbers 1 to 13, 17 and 18, 14.35
continuation
[total] francs 31.40
Paris, the 9th February 1842.
[The foregoing two letters are French in the original and were graciously
translated through the courtesy of Mr. John I. Coddington, Bor-
dentown, New Jersey.]
Department of State
Washington, 18th Jan'y. 1844
Dear Sir,
I have just received your note of the 12th instant, with the ac-
companying packets for our diplomatic Representatives at London,
Madrid, Vienna, and Brussels, respectively; and will take pleasure in
forwarding them by the steamer which will leave Boston on the first of
next month.
Letters for the Charge d'affaires of this government in Sardinia may
be addressed thus:
"Robert Wickliffe, Jr. Es,q're.
"Charge d'affaires U. States,
"At Turin,
Sardinia."
I am, Sir, very respectfully
Your obedient servant,
/s/W.S. Derrick
L K. Tefft, Esq'r.
Cor'g. Sec'y.; Geo'a. Hist. Soc'y.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 101
Executive Department
Milledgeville Feb'y- 4th 1845
Gentlemen,
Yesterday I had the honor to receive yours of the 24th ult. from the
hand of Mr. Pritchard, (10) who was permitted to enter immediately on
the duty assigned him by the Georgia Historical Society.
I am happy to state that, whilst the facilities of this Department were
lately engaged in the examination of the Colonial Papers preparatory to
their removal from their present and decaying situation, a large number
of duplicate copies was found. Most probably considerable expense may
be saved by the Society in Consequence of the dupHcates as well as a
larger number of documents being discovered than has heretofore been
supposed to exist. In the course of a few weeks they will be more ac-
cessible, and classified as to subjects and dates. After which the enquirer
into our Early history will be greatly aided in his labors.
I will at all times derive great satisfaction in promoting to the extent
of my ability the laudable efforts of your Society. Appreciating fully the
design and scope, I feel a proper pride that the evidences of our origin
and Early history are about to be rescued from decay and oblivion.
I have the honor to be with great respect,
Yr very humble serv.
Messrs. M. H. McAllister /s/ Geo. W. Crawford
C.J. McDonald &
Wm. Y. Hansen
committee, etc
Sav'h.
[c. February 1845]
To Mr. I. K. Tefft, Corr. Sec. G.H.S.
Feeling desirous of communicating in part the result of my partial
examination of the Colonial Records (now in the Executive Department
at Milledgeville) to the Annual Meeting of the Georgia Historical
Society, I must in advance solicit their indulgence - for, although my
appointment as their Agent took place on the 13th January, I was
unable, thru prior obligations, to enter upon the duties of the Agency
until the 3rd of the present month.
There is a very interesting volume in the Executive Office showing,
in detail, a general account of all the Monies and Effects received and
expended by the Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia, from
the 9th day of June 1732, the date of the Royal Charter, up to the
surrender of the Charter in 1754.
1 02 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
There is but one Volume that contains the Proceedings of the
President and assistants in Council, who were assembled for the Colony
of Georgia. It contains the proceedings from the 24th July 1749, and up
to the 6th September, 1751.(11)
From the 30th October 1754, when the first Royal Governor, Jno.
Reynolds, entered formally upon the duties of his office, there are
regular Journals of the Proceedings and Minutes of the Governor and
Council of his Majesty's Province of Georgia, up to 22nd November
1775. No interregnum exists after that time; for the Journals of the
Council of Safety take date on the 11th December 1775, only nineteen
days after the Proceedings of the Royal Government. Then follows in
regular succession the Journals of the Proceedings of the several, and
often varying, governmental forms of that period.
I directed my attention only up to the year 1782 - There is a regular
Journal of all the proceedings for the government of Georgia from the
30th October 1754 up to 7th Jany. 1783. But this regular journal of
Proceedings of Council does not include the Journal of the Proceedings
of the Commons House of Assembly, or the Upper House. I am not
prepared, at this time to state, when those branches of legislation were
instituted, or whether they are not one and the same House - but, it
appears to me that they are very immaterial - for all business either
originated or terminated in the Governor's Council which, I have before
stated, we have regular Journals of the Proceedings of, from 30th
October 1754 up to 7th January 1783.
However, there is one vagrant Volume of the Journals of the Upper
House of Assembly in the Executive office which is not included in the
series mentioned in the preceding paragraph. It contains the proceedings
from the "7th January 1755 to 13th Aprilis 1761." It is styled the
"Journal of the Council met in General Assembly.'"
I have noticed reference to and an occasional letter from the Lords
of the Regency, in regard to the tenure of lands - Letters from the Board
of Trade - one signed John Pownall, Secretary to the Lords of Trade,
and directed to Gov. Reynolds - letter from the Earl of Loudoun, dated
"Albany, 20th August 1755" stating the loss of Oswego with all its stores
- and prohibiting the exportation of provisions out of Georgia, except to
South Carolina - Gov. Reynold's Proclamation for embargo on
provisions in compliance with an order from the Right Honorable Lords
Commissioners for Trade & Plantations" &c &c. These letters, &c, are to
be found upon the Journals of Proceedings of the Governor and
Council. The foregoing were noticed more particularly in Volume which
contains Journals, &c, from 1754 to 1759. Doubtless, all important
communications from the Board of Trade in reference to Georgia, or at
least the substance of them, can be found upon the contemporaneous
Journals of the Governor and Council.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 103
I have found over two thousand written pages of duplicate Journals,
commencing 8th March 1759 and ending 14th January 1790. They are
very irregular. Independent of these, there are perhaps as much more of a
subsequent date, or up to 1800 or 1805. These are all in a tolerably fair
state of preservation.
I am requested by Gov. Crawford to state to the Georgia Historical
Society that the construction which he places upon the resolution passed
by the General Assembly of Georgia and approved 25th December 1843,
providing for the furnishing the Historical Society with one copy of the
published Journals of each branch of the General Assembly, is, that he
should furnish the Society with the printed Journals of both branches of
the Legislature of 1843, which I am further authorized by him to say, has
been compHed with.
The Governor likewise requests me to communicate to the Society
that arrangements are being completed, which will enable him to furnish
to the Society a schedule of all public documents relating to the early
History of Georgia, which are in the several departments of the State
House in Milledgeville.
I have not yet had time to complete my examination - (my researches
having only extended to the Volumes in the Executive Office - and the
duplicates of Journals) and am therefore unprepared to furnish full
abstracts of the Colonial Records now in Milledgeville. As soon as I can
complete my researches, I shall lose no time in making a full report to the
Society.
I feel pleasure in stating that his Excellency Gov. Crawford ex-
presses a warm co-operation in the objects of the Georgia Historical
Society.
Respectfully,
/s/Wm. H.Pritchard
To the Officers and Members of the Georgia Historical Society.
By a Resolution of your Society, at their meeting on the 13th of
January last, I was appointed an "Agent to proceed to Milledgeville for
the purpose of procuring a full and correct Schedule of all documents
pertaining to the History of Georgia from the landing of Gen.
Oglethorpeto the close of the War of the Revolution."
An examination of the Abstracts which follow, will shew in what
manner I have complied with the Resolution of the Society.
It may be doubted whether this Report notices all the Colonial
Documents that can be found in the State House at Milledgeville. But if
others exist, I have been unable to find them.
104 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Unfortunately, there has been so Httle care taken with these public
documents, that it is very difficult to tell where to search for them - and
as my researches were not directed to be made otherwise than in a general
way, I have doubtless noticed many Documents which may be regarded
as not strictly contemplated by the Resolution authorizing my ap-
pointment.
In giving a brief notice of some of the subjects in Volumes of
Journals of Council, I desire it to be well understood, that there are many
important questions brought forward: and action taken in these
Volumes, that I have not noticed. These Abstracts point out the existence
of the Documents referred to, and where they may be found - they are
not intended to convey a competent idea of the contents of Volumes.
There are many old Volumes in the Secretary of State's office,
containing Records of Deeds of Gift - Conveyances - Acts of General
Assembly - Wills - Leases - Schedules - Powers of Attorney- Bills of Sale
- Letters of Administration - Mortgages - Letters Testamentary - Register
of Grants - Register of Carolina Grants - Contracts of different kinds -
even Volumes describing the marks of hogs and cattle - "all of the olden
time" - which may be interesting to persons who feel an inclination to
examine such ancient materials, but I have not noticed these Volumes in
my Abstracts.
The Charter to the Trustees for the Colony of Georgia may be found
published in Schley's Digest - The Indian Treaties at Augusta,
Galphinton, Hopewell and Shoulder-bone, may be found in the
Appendix to Crawford and Marburry's Digest of Laws of Georgia.
In 1815, a resolution was passed by the Georgia Legislature, making
it the duty of every officer in the State House to furnish to the Executive
annually, an inventory of all Public Documents in his office - but I have
been unable to find that any officer has ever paid the slightest attention
to that Resolution.
About the year 1802, Rufus King obtained for Georgia, two large
Trunks of Public Documents, in England - They were received and
referred to in the annual message of the Governor - and the Legislature
appointed a committee to open the Trunks and examine their contents -
but I have been unable to find the report of that Committee - or any
notice on the Executive Minutes, showing what those Documents were -
or what disposition was made of them.
In my Abstracts I have been very particular, as to dates - but in the
multiplicity of them which I have examined and made reference to , it
may be possible that I have committed some few mistakes.
With sentiments of respect, I remain,
/s/ Wm. H. Pritchard
Milledgeville, Ga. February 27, 1845.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 105
To be found in the Executive Office Milledgeville, Ga.
June 9, 1732 to 1754
The General Account of all Monies and Effects Received and
Expended, by the Trustees for Establishing the Colony of Georgia, in
America, from the ninth day of June, 1732, up to the surrender of the
Charter, in 1754. This Volume is bound in thick boards, and covered
with parchment, - somewhat mutilated on the cover - The General
Abstracts are yearly signed by Harman Verelst, Accomptant, Georgia
Trustees Office, Palace Court, Westminster - This Volume, appears,
from the written name on the page before the first Title, to have, at some
time, belonged to "R. H. Hobson - Phila." Some name, or motto,
between "R. H. Hobson", and "Phila." has been marked out, so
carefully, as to prevent recognition.
July 24, 1749 to Sept. 6, 1751
The Proceedings of the President and Assistants in Council,
assembled for the Colony of Georgia, commencing July 24, 1749, and
extending to September 6, 1751. There is an Index to this Volume - in
tolerable order - foolscap size - containing 274 pages - Title rubbed out -
bound in parchment. This Volume, with other important matters,
contains charges, confessions, documents, &c. &c. in reference to the
difficulties with Rev. Thomas Bosomworth, and wife, Melatchie, and the
council (12) - and tradings with the Indians. The origin of this difficulty
was first before the Council on the 24th July, 1749, and the subject is
referred to in other portions of this Volume - Wm. Stephens appeared at
the Council Board, as President, for the last time, on 15th September
1750 - Henry Parker succeeded him, on the 22nd September 1750.
Oct. 30, 1754 to February 6, 1759
Journal of the Proceedings and Minutes of the Governor and
Council of His Majesty's Province of Georgia, commencing Oct. 30,
1754, and extending to February 6, 1759 - containing 753 pages - in good
order - Title, on back, "Minutes of Council, 1754 to 1759" - Size, 1 1-'/4
by 17, and 3-1/8 inches thick - Principally devoted to granting of Lands -
Indian talks - Treaties, - communications to and from the Right
Honorable the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations - Noble
Jones removed from Council - Governor Reynolds and his Council
somewhat hostile to each other, &c. &c.
February 15, 1759 to February 2, 1762
Journal of the Proceedings and Minutes of the Governor and
Council of His Majesty's Province of Georgia, commencing February
15, 1759 and extending to February 2, 1762 - containing 460 pages - In
good order, although the cover is much mutilated - Title on back "1759 -
1762" - 15 1/4 by 22 and near 3 inches thick. Devoted to granting of
106 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
land, town and city lots - Indian talks, speeches, and treaties - Letter
from the Right Honorable the Lords of his Majesty's Privy Council, and
Proclamation announcing death of George 2nd - Change in prayers and
littanies for the occasion = Seventy-seven minute guns fired at Savannah
on Monday, 9th Feb. 1761 in consequence of news of the Royal demise -
George the Third, Prince of Wales, declared King by Proclamation, &c.
&c.
February 2, 1762 to November 4, 1766
Minutes of Council, from February 2, 1762 up to November 4, 1766.
One or two leaves in this Volume cut and torn - and one half leaf loose -
Large size, folio post (13) - 462 pages - although the folio ends at 231;
every other page only is numbered. Applications for Lots and grants of
lands - difficulty with Governor of South Carolina about the survey and
granting of lands Southward of the river Altamaha - Indian talks and
Treaties - Conferences with Indian Kings and Indian Governors, &c. &c.
&c. &c.
December 2, 1766 to December 3, 1771
Proceedings of Council at Savannah from December 2, 1766 up to
December 3, 1771. This Volume contains 472 pages - 15 by 19-1/2 and 3
inches thick - Title on the back, "1766 to 1771 " - on the side, "Minutes
of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council, beginning the day of 17
and ending the day of 17. " Principal business, the granting of Lands -
Indian talks - Proclamations, &c. &c.
November 5, 1771 to January 6, 1778
Proceedings of Council from November 5, 1771 to January 6, 1778.
This Volume appears to be in good order - contains 297 pages - size 12 by
19-1/2 and 2-1/4 inches thick. Title, on back, "Minutes of the Executive
Department - October, 1771 to January 1778, inclusive. " Many of the
Journals in this Volume are unfinished - The last time Governor Wright
appeared at his Council Board, as shown by these Journals, was on Wed-
nesday, the 22nd November 1775 - Journal unfinished on that day - The
first Proceedings of the Council of Safety was on Monday, December 1 1 ,
1775 - only nineteen days after Gov. Wright's Council met. January 8,
1778 to January 7, 1783.
Minutes of the Executive Council of the State of Georgia, from
January 8, 1778 up to January 7, 1783 - 450 pages - in size, 10 by 15, and
2-1/2 inches thick - Title on back "1778 -1782" on the side, "Minutes of
the Executive Council of the State of Georgia, 1778. "
From May 25, 1780 up to August 19, 1781, there appears to be no
Journals Recorded - On 23rd May, 1780, it was "Resolved, by the Board,
that in their opinion his Honor the Governor should retire to some place
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 107
of safety either in South or North Carolina, as from a longer delay his
situation might endanger the liberty of his person" - Richard Howley,
was the Governor - on September 6th 1779, Sir James Wright was
demanded to give himself up, being on parole, on exchange Col. Elbert,
Major Habersham, et al, equal to Sir James' rank - &c. &c. &c. &c.
Upper House
1755 -Jan. 7 to 1761 -Aprilisl3
Journal of the Council met in General Assembly, from 7th January
1755 to ApriHs 13, 1761 - 456 pages - Cover in Bad order. - Small folio
post size - Although this volume is entitled "Journal of the Council" it is
different from the other Council Journals. Its style is "The Board Met. "
It is the Journals of the Commons or the Upper House of Assembly - It
contains Gov. Reynolds' first Speech, &c. &c. - A copy of an intercepted
letter, which was declared to be of a seditious character and the signers
debarred from holding any longer any offices of honor, profit or trust in
the Colony - Action of the House upon the tenure of Lands - Defenseless
state of the colony considered - Division of the Province into Parishes
recommended - Copy of letter from Right Honorable Henry Fox to the
Governor, dated Whitehall, March 13, 1756 - Letter, (or rather copy oO
from Earl of Loudoun, dated Albany, August 20, 1756 - Copy of letter
from Wm. Henry Middleton, Governor of South Carolina, giving in-
formation of a contemplated Invasion by the Indians of the Colonies of
Georgia and South Carolina - Last Address of Governor Ellis - and the
Inaugural Address of Lieut. Governor Jas. Wright - &c. &c. &c. &c.
Book "C" - "Commissions."
1788,Nov. 3tol780, Oct.4
Book of Commissions, from Nov, 3, 1778, up to October 4, 1780 -
with Index, - 1 10 pages - Title on side, "C" - "Commissions - H. Bevan,
1825. "Cover much mutilated, the back portion all gone - 15 by 10, and 2
inches thick - Commissions signed by Arch'd Campbell, J. M, Provost,
and Jas. Wright.
I notice the Commission of John Mulryne Tatnall, to be Clerk of the
Commons' House of Assembly at Savannah, 4 May 1780 -
Commission of Lieut. Gov. John Graham, by appointment of
George R. -Signed Geo. Germain, and given at Court of St. James, 7th
Jan. 1780.
Sir James Wright's Proclamation offering reward for apprehension
of those "notorious rebels, thieves and plunderers" who stole 120
negroes from Hon. John Graham, on the 23rd January 1780.
108 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Gov. Wright's Proclamation for a Thanksgiving day - neat affair -
26th October 1779.
James Johnson appointed Printer of the Province Gazette - July 13,
1779.
Proclamation signed by Carlisle - William Edon - and George
Johnson, dated London, 24th March 1779, for the purpose of quieting
disorders in the Colonies of America - and granting pardon to all well
affected persons who are desirous of returning to their allegiance, &c.
&c.
Commission of Lewis Johnson, Treasurer of Province of Georgia,
dated November 7th 1775, signed by Gov. James Wright, at Savannah -
and confirmed by Archibald Campbell at Savannah, 4th March 1779.
Several Commissions issued by Hon. James Mark Provost, Lieut.
Governor and Commander in Chief of his Majesty's said Province, and
Vice Admiral of said Province of Georgia - 4th March 1779.
Provost declares all laws in force at the end of 1775 to be in full
force again - 17th March 1779.
Commission of Arch'd Campbell dated at New York, November 3,
1778, and signed by Frederick, Earl of CarUsle - Sir Henry Clinton - and
Wm. Eden, Esq., Commissioners appointed by his Majesty to supply all
vacancies in the provinces. Arch'd Campbell was appointed to be
Governor and Commander in Chief, in and for the said Colony or
Province of Georgia, until removed by his Majesty - and in case of death
or removal, then James Mark Provost, to be Governor - This ap-
pointment was caused by the unavoidable absence of Sir James Wright.
With numerous other Commissions for various posts of honor and
profit in the Province.
There are two Volumes in the Executive Office containing the
Reports of Geo. Elholm, Adjutant General of the State - in 1792 - Bound
in Parchment. And likewise a loosely stitched Volume of Letters, mostly
from Elholm - detailing Elholm's troubles, &c. &c. -Elholm was, I think,
a subaltern officer in Pulaski's Legion at the Siege of Savannah - by birth
a Prussian.
Register of Vessels - Province of Georgia - Register of Dates -
Vessel's name - Master's name - Quality and Tonnage - Origin - and
owner's name - From July 24, 1779 to May 24, 1780.
Small fool's-cap sized book - only about half dozen sheets - four
written pages - good order - To be found in Executive Office - Marbled
paper cover. This should have been inserted under the head of
Miscellaneous Volumes.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 109
An Old Book - No Cover.
Commencing at page 1 1 and extending to page 54.
Stitched with red tape - 44 pages -
Containing:
Letter (14), enclosing resolutions of both houses of Assembly, upon
instructions to the Hon, Wm. Knox, Agent for soHciting the Affairs of
the Province of Georgia, in Great Britain, dated Savannah, March 28,
1763. — Sent by ship John and Elizabeth.
Communication from the Governor and Council of Georgia in
relation to Carolina's intention of granting and settling the lands to the
Southward of the river Altamaha. The letter states that the Governor of
South Carolina, on the last land day, issued warrants for about 400,000
acres of this land, among which are many tracts of 10 and 12,000 Acres -
Men were seen passing Thunderbolt with Surveyors to execute the
Warrants, and with an armed force for protection, &c. &c.
The above is the substance of the letter - it was addressed to Wm.
Knox, Esq. London, and dated at Savannah, Ga., 8th April 1763.
Letter from the Governor and Council to Wm. Knox, Agent, &c.
urging him to obtain aid to sustain an expected war with the Indians, &c.
&c. Dated March 13, 1764.
Complimentary letter from Council to Wm, Knox - and returning
thanks to Members of the House of Commons - and particularly to Sir
Wm. Meredith and Mr. Cust - Dated July 27, 1764.
Letters on various matters relating to the Province - claims of late
Sir Wm. Baker of London, deceased, &c. &c. - Letters to Benjamin
Franklin and others - and Franklin's reply, dated "London, August 10,
1770."
Benj. Franklin was appointed by an Act of the Colonial Assembly to
be Agent to solicit the affairs of the Province of Georgia in Great Britain,
April 11, 1768 - and approved by Gov. Wright.
Miscellaneous Volumes
"List of the names of all the old Revolutionary Officers and Soldiers
which can be found from any Documents in the Executive Office" -
Apparently prepared by Anthony Porter - Narrow Index size - and
contains about twenty-five pages, and in tolerable order.
The Governor's instructions to the Commissioners, given at
Augusta, 19th November 1773, signed by Edward Barnard, Esqr.
Captain of his Majesty's Troop of Rangers. This volume, or manuscript
pamphlet, is in awful bad order - curled, torn and stained. It is about one
quire of foUscap paper - It contains a hst of persons who applied for
1 10 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
lands, &c (volume too much mutilated to read) but the Book specifies
from whence the applicants came - the quantity and quality of Land
taken up&c. &c.
Minutes of the Board of Visitors of the University of Georgia, 1 800 -
fourteen pages - thin blue cover - foolscap size twine stitched.
"Indian Book of Accounts in 1781 " - with Letters or copy of letters
from N. Brownson to General Greene - Brig. Gen. Twiggs - Col. Elijah
Clarke - Col. Dunn - and Col. John Barnwell - only seven letters in all -
About 15 pages - but in a thick book - back gone - but parchment bound
sides left - about 6 by 10 and one inch thick. Letters in good order - First
letter dated "Augusta, Nov. 7, 1781" and last dated "Augusta, Decem-
ber 15, 1781."
Minute Book of Commander in Chief at Augusta 1781 and 1782 -
Orders about manner of conducting the war - arrested of Bostwick, &c.
&c. Book in good order - brass clasp - about 50 pages of written
memorandas - About size of ordinary mercantile or Pocket Receipt
Books - Bound in Leather.
Copy of the Minutes of the Trustees of Bethesda College, com-
mencing January 6th, 1792, and ending 16th October 1809. MR. W.
Stephens, by a resolution of Trustees of College on 31st March 1809,
presented to Col. Joseph Habersham, the old Bethesda College Clock
which was given to the College in 1770 by Col. Joseph Habersham's
father. These Minutes are in good order - 68 pages - with marble paper
cover - and foolscap paper size.
Original Letters and Documents
To be found in the Packages in the Executive Office, filed away in the
"Pigeon-holes". The numbers are upon each Package.
No. 788. - "Proceedings of the Assembled Estates of the Lower Creek
Nation, on Saturday, The Eleventh day of August, Anno Dommini
1739" Signed by James Oglethorpe - and Proclamation of James
Oglethorpe, consequent upon said Treaty - And an attestation before the
Lord Mayor of London with the Seal of the City, annexed, that Thomas
Marriott saw James Oglethorpe sign those Treaty Proceedings &
Proclamation, &c. &c.
Ibid. - Copy of a Treaty with the Chief Men of the Lower
Creeks, 18th October 1733 - in which, among other matters, the parties
agree that buckskins and doe skins shall be the regulations of value for
merchandize. Signed Benjamin Martin, Secretary. This is an attested
copy, sworn to before John Mackintosh and Thos. Bosomworth, 20th
September 1751.
No. 151 - Old Provincial Papers relating to Indian Affairs and
Grants of Lands to the Bosomworths by the Indians in 1750 - and in-
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS j 1 1
structions from England to Governor Ellis, in 1759, requiring the sale of
all said lands, and directions to recompense Bosomworth and his wife.
Nos. 207, 265, 266, 267
Containing Interesting documents in relation to the Revolutionary
War - Original letters of Presidents of the United States, &c.
No. 108. - List of Public Officers of State of Georgia from 1776 to
1812. Prepared by A. Porter by request of John McP. Berrien - Also
Reports of attornies and solicitors General for 1780 - Letters from
Judges, &c. &c.
No. 173. - Indian Depredations, &c. 1780.
No. 299. - Documents in reference to lands - 1781-1786.
No. 559. - Military matters - 1781.
No. 555. - Military miscellaneous - 1782.
No. 470. - Military Provisions, &c. &c. -1779.
No. 542. - Miscellaneous Letters & Papers, 1778-1783.
No. 579. - Petitions, &c. &c. of 1779 - 1781.
No. 39. - Provincial Papers of 1780.
No. 530. - Various Public Documents, &c, &c.
No. 373. - Proclamations, &c. &c. - 1781.
No. 456. - List of the Refugees who fled in 1780.
No. 357. - Resignations, &c. &c. - 1782.
No. 666. - Documents relating to Executive Council in 1780-81.
Royal Documents.
No. 564. - Letters of application for appointments, &c - 1780.
No. 10. - Documents about arsenals, «&c. &c. - 1781 .
No. 196. - Letters, claims, &c. against the Indians - 1780.
No. 238. - About Fugitives, &c. - 1782.
Nos. 403, 404, 406, 408.
Documents relative to Yazoo Fraud,
[added in pencil in different hand] 405, 407 = Petitions.
No. 139. - Foreign Affairs, &c. &c. 1779-1784.
No. 290. - Treaty of Peace, &c. - 1782.
History of Georgia!
The following Documents and Letters in relation to this subject can
be found in No. 137. in Files of Original Letters, &c. in "Pigeon Hole. "
No. 137. - Letter from Charleston, (S.C.) Librarian of date, Aug.
14, 1832, in which he states that in that Library all public Journals
printed in Charleston from 1731 up to date of his letter are to be found -
In the newspapers can be had much interesting matter relating to the
early settlement of Georgia.
112 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Letter from Dr. Alex. Jones on the subject of the History of Georgia
-Aug. 1832.
Jos. V. Bevan's letter on subject of History of Georgia - Savannah,
Feb. 9, 1825.
Letter from Maj. Hugh McCall, (Hist, of Geo.) - Savannah, March
30, 1814.
Letter from William Whig Hazzard on Hist, of Georgia, but more
particularly of Glynn Co. - October 29, 1825.
Letter from Justices of the Inferior Court of DeKalb County
containing History of that County - October 15, 1825.
No. 137. - Letter from the Justices of Inferior Court of Morgan
County, in reference to the History of that County - 1825.
History of Georgia by Jonas Fouche in a long letter to Joseph Bevan
in 1825 - full of Indian fights, &c. - Fouche was a warrior in his time -
and an old Indian fighter, - he was a Frenchman, I think. (15)
Letter from M. St. Clair Clarke and P. Force about Public
Documents, &c pertaining to History of Georgia -11th May 1 833 .
No. 666. - Interesting Documents - Private Letters to Gov. Wright
Proceedings in several months of Council and Commons House -
Address to the King from Council & Commons House, &c. &c. - 1780 -
1781.
In Bundle of Letters taken from the Basement rooms - Endorsed -
"Letters from June 20, 1780 to 30th Dec. 1782" and filed in the
Executive Office.
Articles of capitulation proposed by Lieut. Col. Brown, Com-
manding Fort Cornwallis at Augusta, signed by "Thos. Brown, Lieut.
Colonel Commanding King's Troops at Augusta" - and by "Andrew
Pickens, Brig. Gen." and "Henry Lee, Jun. Lieut. Colonel Com-
manding Legion" Head Quarters 5th June 1781 . A true copy taken from
original - Sam'l. Stirk.
Letters from Sir James Wright to Gen. Wayne proposing cessation
of hostilities, &c. - Savannah, May 29, 1782.
Letters from John Habersham, dated at Ebenezer, 5th May, 1782,
&c.
The Deposition of Mark King, a deserter from Savannah belonging
to Maj. Wright's Corps - He left Savannah, December 22nd, 1781 . (16)
Letter from Geo. Washington - 19th Dec. 1781.
An interesting letter to the Speaker of the General Assembly from
Geo. Walton - Rich'd Howley - and Wm. Few, dated at Philadelphia,
July 19, 1781.
Together with about 35 or 40 other letters and communications in
the same bundle which are calculated to throw much light upon this
obscure period in this history of Georgia.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 113
Duplicate Journals.
Found in Large Box in the Executive Office, Milledgeville.
1759) Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in Council,
commencing 8th March 1759 and ending, partly, the 7th August 1759. -
Containing 97 pages - in good order - marked E - folio post size.
1762 to 1763) Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in
Council, beginning 27th May 1762 and ending February 1, 1763. -
Marked M. - 90 pages -foHo post size.
1764) "Continuation of a Council held on the 6th March 1764, from
Book N." - No cover - Ending 4th December 1764 - folio size - in bad
order.
1767 to 1768) "Continuation of the Proceedings in Council on
September 1st and ending February 2, 1768. - 96 pages - In good order -
letter U - Folio size.
1769) "Continuation of Proceedings in Council February 7, 1769,
from Book X and ending July 4, 1769. 97 pages - Letter Y - folio post
size.
1769 to 1770) Minutes of the Proceedings of the Governor in
Council from 11th December 1769 up to 2nd October 1770. In good
order - 98 pages, folio post size. Letters A. A.
1771 to 1774) Journal of Proceedings of Council at Savannah, 5th
November 1771 and to March 1, 1774 - In tolerable order - No cover.
Large foolscap size. It commences with the Talk to the Head men and
Warriors of the Creek Nation - about 144 pages - some few of the pages
missing.
1771 to 1772) "Continuation of the Proceedings of Council, 2nd
July 1771 - brought from Book B.B. and up to March 3, 1772 - 100 pages
- folio post size - marked C.C. - This vol. is independent of the
preceeding one and contains its proceedings more in detail - A portion
unrecorded.
Mil) Proceedings in Council March 19, 1777 and up to May 6, 1777
- 37 pages - foolscap size - in good order.
1777) Minutes of Council May 30, 1777 and up to Sept. 13, 1777.
Seven pages.
-In same book reversed -
1777 to 1778) Minutes of Council, October 16, 1777 and up to
January 6, 1778. - twenty-four pages - in good order - small folio post
size.
1778 to 1780) Minutes of Council from Jan. 8, 1778 up to May 25,
1780 - Eight Books - containing in all 345 pages - foolscap size - The ink
has faded considerably.
1782 to 1785) Journals of Executive Council from January 2, 1782
1 14 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
up to January 6, 1785. - Four Books - Containing 482 pages. Foolscap
size.
1786) Journals of Council, January 16, 1786 and up to August 12,
1786. - Thirty pages - foolscap paper size.
1787 to 1788) Journals of Board of Council from January 17, 1787
up to 16th Jan. 1778 - about 350 pages - size of paper, 12 by 14 inches -
rough writing paper.
1788 to 1789) Minutes of Council from January 7th 1788 up to
January 14, 1790 - about 650 pages - rough writing paper - appears to be
in good order.
There are many other Duplicate Journals extending to year 1800,
and even up to 1805, which are to be found in the same large Box in the
Executive Office.
Secretary of State's Office,
In Milledgeville, Ga., February 1845
The following are to be found in - "Book B - Commissions - J 754-1806. "
Commission of John Reynolds, as Governor - Signed by Yorke and
Yorke, and dated at Westminister, 16 August 1754.
Commission of John Reynolds as Vice Admiral, Commissary and
Deputy in the office of Vice Admiralty in Province of Georgia - Signed
by Sam'l Hill, Register - Given at London in the High Court of
Admiralty of England, 13th Aug. 1754.
Warrant and description of the Seal of the Province of Georgia.
Given at Court at Kensington, Aug. 12, 1754. By his Majesty's Com-
mand - Signed T. Robinson.
Commissions for Noble Jones and Wm. Spencer to be Justices to
enquire into all Treasons, Murders, Felonies, Rapes, Burglaries,
Counterfeitings, Clippings, &c. &c. - Dated at Savannah, Nov. 27, 1754 -
& signed John Reynolds.
Noble Jones and Johnathan Bryan to be Justices of General Court -
Dec. 12, 1754 -By Gov. Reynolds.
John Rae, David Douglass, Martin Campbell and Johnathan Copp,
Clerk, to be Justices of Peace for Augusta - Feb. 25, 1755. By Gov.
Reynolds.
Alexander Kellet, to be Provost Marshal and Marshal of the Colony
- January 7, 1755. - By Reynolds.
James Habersham, Secretary and Register of Records - Signed, by
his Majesty's Command, T. Robinson, and dated at Kensington, August
12, 1754.
Wm. Spencer, Register, Court of Vice Admiralty, January 7, 1755. -
By Gov. Reynolds.
Wm. Clifton, Attorney General - Aug. 12, 1754 - T. Robinson.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 1 5
Wm. Russell, Clerk of Naval or Navy Office, - August 12, 1754, -
Signed T. Robinson.
Wm . Clifton, Advocate in Court of Vice Admiralty - January 7,
1755. By Gov. Reynolds.
Edward Powell, Judge of Court of Vice Admiralty, - January 7,
1755. By Gov. Reynolds.
Wm. Russell, Commissioner and Clerk of Public Accounts. May 23,
1755. By Gov. Reynolds.
Johnathan Bryan, Public Treasurer - May 23, 1755. By Gov.
Reynolds.
James Edward Powell, Commissioner for emitting paper money
under Act of Assembly - June 9, 1755. - By Gov. Reynolds.
Commission for Valentine Bostwick to be a Schoolmaster - 25th
June 1755 - Signed John Reynolds.
Henry Yonge and Wm. De Bar [de Brahm] to be Joint Surveyors of
Land. Signed by his Majesty's command, Holies Newcastle - Darlington
- R. Nugent - and dated at St. James, 20th December 1754.
Sir Patrick Houston, to be Register of Grants and Receiver of Quit
Rents, &c. - Signed and dated as above.
Wm Spencer, Collector of Rates and Duties - February 4, 1755. By
J. Reynolds.
Henry Ellis, to be Lieut. Governor. By his Majesty's Command (N.
or) H. Fox - At Kensington, August 4, 1756.
James Wright to be Lieut. Governor - By his Majesty's Command -
Holderness - At Kensington, May 30, 1760.
The Boundary - to the St. Mary's River, by Letters Patent - Signed
by York and York - January 20, 1764.
Together with numerous other Commissions for various ap-
pointments - many to Indian Chiefs - Schoolmasters, &c. &c.
"By James Oglethorpe, Esq. General and Commander in Chief of
his Majesty's Forces in South Carolina and Georgia, and Colonel of one
of his Majesty's Regiments of Foot," &c. &c.
William Francis, Gent, to be Lieutenant of the Troop of English
Rangers, commanded by Capt. Robert Scruggs - Dated at Frederica, in
Georgia, 5th November 1742.
Signed - James Oglethorpe
Page54-Book "B-Commissions, 1754-1806"
The Reason of the above being found in this volume, I presume to
be that Mr. Francis was subsequently appointed, or commissioned, by
Governor J. Reynolds to be Captain of the Rangers and both Com-
1 16 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
missions were recorded - for one follows the other on the Records. Gov.
Reynolds commission to Francis is dated January 31,1 759.
I should mention, likewise, that Mr. Francis was commissioned by
James Oglethorpe as Lieutenant of the Garrison and Fort at Mount
Venture and dated at Frederica, 25th March 1741 - This commission does
not say, at that time, that James Oglethorpe was "Colonel of one of his
Maj. 's Reg.s of Foot. "
Archibald Bulloch commissioned Governor by the Congress of
Delegates and Representatives of Colony of Georgia in Savannah, 3rd
April 1776.
In consequence of the death of Archibald Bullock - which must have
occurred between the 24th February and 4th March 1777 - for I notice
Commissions signed by him on the 24th February 1777, and his office
declared vacant (by his death) on the 4th March 1777.
Button Gwinnett Commissioned Governor on the 4th March 1777 -
(and Commission to continue until revoked by the Legislature) - to
supply the vacancy caused by the death of the "trusty and well beloved
Archibald Bulloch."
I have not been able to find the Commission of John Adam Treutlen
as Governor, but what appears to be singular is that his name appears to
a Commission as Governor dated 8th February 1777 - and to a
Proclamation dated at Savannah, 9th July 1777, when perhaps he was
the Governor.
It seems that Georgia must have had two Governors, at the same
time.
P.S. Upon reflection, I think this seeming error must be a mistake
with the Recorder.
An Old Book
Back gone - parchment bound sides - containing Conveyances,
attestations, &C.-1778 to 1782, first part torn out-
Among much other interesting matter, I notice copies of private
letters - in relation to - The burning of the Brig Penelope, Thos. Brown,
Master, by order of Lieut. Thomas Spry, of his Majesty's Armed Sloop
Greenwich, - the vessel was set fire to on 23rd May 1779 off the South
breaker of Stono bar - the vessel did not burn and was taken by the rebels
and carried into Charleston. Thomas Spry says in his letter, ordering the
burning, that they were in "the unhappy situation of being aground and
no prospect of relief by sea or by land and the enemy surrounding them
with six armed brigs, two sloops and two schooners."
Secret letter from I Mowbray (commanding the Ship Germain)
dated Savannah river, 17 Sept. 1779, and informing Capt. Forsyth, of
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 n
the Ship Gen. Mathews, to take boats and get off all Volunteers, &c. - By
order of the Commodore - The Gen. Mathews was aground and sub-
sequently was sunk.
Mowbray's compliments to Capt. Foresight and tells him that the
rebels intend sending down Fire Rafts - begs him to keep a grapling and
hawser always ready to tow them off - Desires Capt. Foresight to break-
fast with him the next morning on board the Germain. The letter dated
"on board the Germain, Sept. 26, 1779-9 o'clock P. M."
Two Books
Containing Proclamations of Governors of Georgia from 1754 to 1805.
Endorsed;
H. - Proclamations - 1754 - 1782.
H. H. - Proclamations - 1782 - 1805.
I notice a Proclamation issued by Benj. Andrew dated 12th May 1777 -
He was President of Executive Council and Commander in Chief, &c.
Book "A - Register of Grants -1756- 1758. "
Original deed from William Calvert and Thomas Christie to sundry
persons for town lots in Savannah - Christie, Calvert and Hughes held
under deed from the Trustees for Colony of Georgia, dated October 25,
1732, for Five Thousand Acres of Land in the Province of Georgia: - The
Council appointed James Oglethorpe to locate said town - The Wards,
Tithings, Number of Lots, Names of Purchasers, &c. &c. follow this
deed.
Hughes died and Calvert and Christie were the surviving grantees
from the Trustees.
It appears from this Deed that Christie, Calvert and Hughes were
the owners of all the lands included in the corporation of Savannah and
for some distance around the neighborhood. - and that James
Oglethorpe was directed to [undecipherable] said Grant.
The Original deed from Calvert and Christie is dated December 21,
1733.
Book "F - Inventory of Appraisement - 1775 to 1770" [sic]
An inventory of the effects of Hon. Pat. Graham, deceased - ap-
praised at Joseph Town, March 6, 1756. — £946. - 1 . - 0.
An inventory of the effects of Sir Patrick Houston - Recorded April
1,1763.— £219. -9. -6.
An inventory of the effects of Rev. George Whitefield, - at Orphan
House, Bethesda - January 1, 1771. —£2953. -5.-1.
Catalogue of the Books in the Library of the Georgia Orphan
House, Bethesda Academy, January 1, 1771 — Valued at £265. - 10. -2.
1 1 8 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
There are several Books containing an appraisement of the effects of
the persons who died about that time.
These Inventories convey an idea of the comforts, conveniences,
weahh, Libraries, &c., &c. that were enjoyed by the early settlers.
The Oldest Book I Found.
"A - Conveyances and Mortgages - 1740 to 1744. " It sufficiently
explains itself by its title. -
Printed Documents.
There are several Duplicate copies of "American Archives, containing
Documentary History of English Colonies in North America", &c., &c.
Duplicate Numbers of Elliott's Debates.
Do. Do. Census Statistics
Do. Do. Compendium of Census - 1840.
Do. Do. Pensioners & Census- 1840.
Duplicate Journals of Congress.
And a great number of Duplicate Books and Pamphlets - Digests of
other States - which have for years been collecting and rotting in the
basement rooms of the Capitol.
I noticed a Pamphlet entitled, "Journal of the Committee of the
States, containing the Proceedings from First Friday in June 1784, to 2nd
Friday in August 1784."
Files of old Newspapers.
Georgia & Carolina Gaze//e - Petersburg, Ga. - 1805-1806.
Georgia Gazetta - Savannah - 1802.
MoAj/Yo/-- Washington, Wilkes - 1802 &c.
Public Intelligencer - Savannah, 1808.
Augusta Herald- 1807-8-13-14.
Georgia Argus -M\\\edgQV\\\Q - 1808 - 11 - 16.
Darien Gazette- 1819 to 1827.
Mirror of the Times- Augusta -1810-11-13.
Farmers' Gazette - Sparta - 1806.
American Standard - Louisville - 1823.
The Times - Savannah - 1823.
Federal Republican Advocate - Savannah - 1807.
The Patriot. Savannah 1807.
Louisville Gazette and Republican Trumpet. 1800 - several files.
Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser. - 1799 - several files.
The Reflector - Milledgeville.
Southern Recorder- Milledgeville.
Washington News - 1 8 1 6 to 23 .
Columbian Centinel - Augusta - 1805 - 6 - 8 - 10.
Georgia Messenger. Macon.
Milledgeville Intelligencer - 1808 - 10.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 19
The above Files of Newspapers, with several others, are to be found in
the basement room of the Capitol under the Executive Office. They are
in as good condition as could be expected from the care taken of them
and their location. Many numbers are missing.
Some years past, the files of the Augusta Chronicle were given to
Franklin College.
Sav'h. January 21st, 1846
Mr. I. K. Tef ft -Dear Sir,
In reply to your note of the 17th inst., I state that the only cause of
failure of the application of the Georgia Historical Society to the
Legislature for an appropriation of money to defray the expenses in
England of copying the Colonial Records of Geogia was the embarrassed
condition of the State finances. Owing a heavy debt contracted for her
internal improvements, the Legislature were unwilling to give, from the
Treasury, a sum of money even for so important an object. Considered
important by a large majority of the Senate, the Senate yet considered the
preservation of the faith of the State to her creditors as more so. There
were some gentlemen who were opposed to an appropriation on other
grounds - among them the large sum previously placed in possession of
Mr. Howard for the same, without producing, as they thought, a
satisfactory result. I am of opinion that an application to the next
Legislature may be more successful - provided the Peace of the two
Countries be in the mean time maintained.
I am, very respectfully
Your obedient servant,
/s/Joseph W. Jackson (17)
Mr. I. K. Tefft
Corresponding Secretary of the
Ga. Hist. Society.
MEMORIAL
To the Honourable the Senate, and House of Representatives of the
State of Georgia, in General Assembly.
The undersigned have been appointed a Committee, to present a
Memorial to your Honourable body, in relation to the Colonial records
of the State of Georgia.
It has been an object of solicitude, to all successive Legislatures of
this State, to procure complete series of its Colonial records, from the
foundation of the Colony, in 1732, to the period of the Revolution. They
120 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
embrace the proceedings and correspondence of the Trustees, and
subsequently of the Royal Governors. They are equally important, to
guide the Legislation of the State, or to frame its history.
Prompted by the importance of the subject, the Legislature of
Georgia, in the early year of 1802, adopted measures to procure tran-
scripts of these records. In that year, Mr. Rufus King, Minister of the
United States at the Court of St. James, obtained for the State two large
trunks of public documents, which were examined by a Committee,
raised for that object, by the Legislature.
In 1819, [1824], Mr. Joseph Bevan (18), was appointed
historiographer to the State. Through the intervention of Congress, and
the good offices of Mr. Rush, then Minister in London, and but recently
in Paris, permission was granted by Mr. Canning, the then British
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, to have a specified list of documents
copied. State papers being the property of the Crown, no researches
could be conducted, or copies made, but with such permission. The dif-
ficuhy here was complex. It was necessary to ask for copies of specified
papers; and yet these papers could not be specified, till research had
determined, what records were deposited in the State Paper Office.
In the year 1836, the Legislature again acted upon this subject, and
appointed the Rev'd Mr. Howard, agent of the State, to proceed to
London, and solicit of the British Government, permission to transcribe
all documents connected with the Colonial history of Georgia in the
various offices. As the result of Mr. Howard's agency, he succeeded in
procuring, and bringing home, twenty-two volumes of documents,
transcribed from records in the State Paper Office, and that of the Board
of Trade and Plantations.
There remained, however, in these offices, most important records,
unknown to the keepers, and which escaped the researches of Mr.
Howard. These were the acts and correspondence of the Trustees from
1732 to 1735, and which alone were wanted to complete the Colonial
series procured by Mr. Howard.
The existence of these important records was made known to the
Georgia Historical Society, by correspondence with its Honorary
Member, Mr. Charles [sic] Lemon, Principal Keeper of Her Britannic
Majesty's State Paper Office. At the moment of this announcement, the
history of Georgia, was being written by the Rev. Dr. Stevens, of Athens,
under appointment of the Society. He had deplored the hiatus, in the
series of colonial records from 1732 to 1735, and had made the con-
sideration of that period, last in his work, which should have been first,
had the necessary materials been furnished.
In this urgent state of the case, the Georgia Historical Society did
not hesitate, to raise the means for procuring these indispensable records.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 121
They were accordingly obtained, through the courtesy of Mr. Lemon, at
an expense of $600 to the Society; and they were immediately placed in
Dr. Stevens' hands, which enabled him to complete the first volume of
his History, which has been since published.
Your Memorialists are now instructed to pray, that your
Honourable body will relieve them from that debt, and appropriate a
sum for that object. The six volumes of manuscript records, would
thereby become the property of the State, and with the twenty-two
volumes heretofore obtained by Mr. Howard, they would constitute a
complete series of Colonial records, from the earliest settlement of
Georgia. The twenty-two volumes belonging to the State, have been
confided to the care of the Georgia Historical Society, as a depository.
Your Memorialists would beg to add, if that circumstance should be
deemed an appeal to the Liberality of the Legislature, that the Georgia
Historical Society have just erected a substantial fire-proof building for
the preservation and security, of their invaluable collection of books,
printed and manuscript. Here will ever exist, a complete library of
reference, for the Legislator, Statesman and Historian of this, and the
other States of this Confederacy. It is open to every citizen of Georgia, at
all times, and without restriction. To a special historical library, of rare
manuscripts and printed books, beginning with De Bry and Sir Robert
Montgomery's proposed Margraviate of Azilia, (19) the Society is
possessed of a valuable miscellaneous library of six thousand volumes,
equally open and free to the citizens of Georgia.
The Historical building cost the Society about six thousand dollars,
and the appropriation now solicited, is the more valuable, under this
circumstance of indebtedness.
The Georgia Historical Society, by its unassisted resources, have
already pubhshed two volumes of papers, relative to the early history of
the State, which would else have been accessible, but to few persons.
They propose to continue this series of publications, as far as their
limited means will permit. And they respectfully submit to your
Honourable body, the consideratin of some aid in promotion of this
desirable object. Wherefore, your Memorialists respectfully pray,
that your Honourable body will grant and appropriate the sum of Six
Hundred Dollars for the objects and purposes, herin submitted.
JAMES M. WAYNE
M. H. McAllister
W. B. HODGSON
JOSEPH W. JACKSON
EDWARD J. HARDEN
A. A. SMETS
Commitee
Savannah, November 7th 1849
1 22 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
GEORGIA'S HISTORY. (20)
[C.OCT. 10-22, 1887]
Some of the Early Records now in England.
Copies that Were Lost and that Have Been Recently Discovered.
In nearly every state in the union there exists a body of men whose
organized purpose is the collation, publication and preservation of the
records of the particular commonwealth in which it has its being. The
historical societies of Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New York,
Maryland and Virginia are models of their kind, and by their labors and
care have been instrumental in preserving many valuable relics of the
past, and have, in many cases, served a useful purpose in determining
boundaries, in establishing ancient rights and usages and in preserving in
the rush of a busy and heedless generation the traditions of the fathers of
the republic which elsewise had been neglected or forgotten. The
Georgia Historical Society, whose headquarters are in Savannah, has
likewise done a useful work for Georgia in this direction and has been the
means of saving for the Georgian of the future a vast number of in-
teresting relics and scattered bits of colonial and revolutionary history.
But, notwithstanding the good work which the society at Savannah
has happliy been instrumental in accomplishing, it is a fact, known to
probably not a dozen persons in the state, that the only copy of the
original colonial records of Georgia came perilously close to destruction
and was only saved by the zealous search made by Professor Scomp, of
Emory college, who knowing such records to be in existence, spent
several years in fruitless search before he located them beneath a pile of
rubbish in a loft in the old capitol building in Atlanta. This history of
these records is unique and interesting, and of peculiar importance to
every Georgian. Of all the colonies Georgia flourished most vigrously,
and though almost continuously engaged in war with either Indians,
Spaniard or Frenchman, yet when the alarm of 1775 rang out she was
enabled to furnish her quota of men and more than her share of ships to
the cause of liberty. Her history since 1776 is well known, but her history
prior to that time is comprised in these
TWENTY TATTERED VOLUMES
Of manuscript which but for a student's diligence and zeal might have
been forever lost.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 23
In colonial times, from the founding of the colony up to the out-
break of the revolution, all the records of Georgia were kept under the
control of first, the appointees of Oglethorpe and later on of the royal
governors. All decisions, enactments, etc, were required to be sent over
to London, where at the Georgia office they received either the approval
or the veto of the king in council. The entire royal clerical force together
with the governor and his aids in office went to England in the early days
of the revolution, taking the records with them.
Thus Georgia was left utterly without an authentic record of her
official and political existence from the time of her settlement until she
became a sovereign state.
No attempt was made - or at least there is no record of one being
made - to obtain authenticated duplicates of these records until the year
1837, when the legislature of that year appropriated six thousand dollars
and empowered
REV. CHARLES HOWARD
a Presbyterian clergyman to go to London and make copies of all the
records in the Georgia office. The result of his immense labors in this
direction is embodied in these twenty large manuscript volumes which
came so near being lost.
Having completed his work, Mr. Howard returned to Georgia and
brought with him these volumes, which at first were placed in the Library
in Savannah. While there they were made use of by Col. Jones in his
history of Georgia and by another historian of Georgia. Being removed
from Savannah, they were next deposited, by order of the legislature,
with certain persons, whose names are not definitely known, and during
the tumult and confusion of the civil war were lost sight of, and by the
year 1884 probably not a dozen persons in the state remembered that
such valuable documents were in existence.
Professor Scomp, of Emory college, having obtained an order from
Governor McDaniel that the volumes be turned over to him for use in a
work he contemplated, instituted a search for them, and after several
years of diligent inquiry he found the volumes in the place and in the
condition described, buried beneath a mass of mouldering refuse. Prof.
Scomp rescued them, and so far as it was possible, restored them to a
more legible shape - and they are now in his keeping, the only Authentic
records of Georgia's political and commercial history for nearly sixty-
years.
124 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Notes to Part II.
(1) Thaddeus Mason Harris (1768-1842). Unitarian clergyman, librarian of the
Massachusetts Historical Society. Among his writings is Biographical Memorials of
James Oglethorpe (\S4l).
(2) James Thacher (1754-1844). Physician, patriot, historian.
(3) John Howland (1757-1854). Author, long-time President of the Rhode Island
Historical Society.
(4) Mitchell King (1783-1862). Teacher and Principal of Charleston College; lecturer,
lawyer, judge.
(5) The editors have not been able to identify H. C. Williams beyond the information in
his letters.
(6) Peter Force (1790-1868). Archivist, historian; Chairman, Department of American
History and Antiquities, the National Institution. (The National Institution of
Washington, founded in 1840, was instrumental in founding the Smithsonian In-
stitution in 1846 and its collections were turned over to the Smithsonian when the
National Institution was dissolved in 1861 .)
(7) Francis Markoe, Jr. Engineer; Corresponding Secretary of the National Institution.
(8) James Grahame (d. 1844). Author, historian. Resolutions on his death, Georgia
Historical Society, 9 December 1844. Author of History of the United States of
America. (1836), 4 vols.
(9) Albert Gallatin (1761-1849). United States Representative and Senator, Secretary of
the Treasury (under Jefferson and Madison), diplomat, Revolutionary War service,
student of Indian cultures.
(10) William H. Pritchard (1820-1890). Cotton and rice planter; first Captain of Coast
Rifles, a company with the 1st. Georgia Regiment, promoted to Colonel of 22nd
Battalion of Artillery and served throughout the Civil War.
(11) This M. S. volume of Proceedings of the President and Assistants was published in
The Georgia Historical Quarterly, XXXV, 323-350 (December 1951); XXXVI, 46-
70 (March 1952).
(12) Should read; " Bosomworth, his wife and Melatchie, and the council."
(13) A size of writing paper, generally 1 7 x 22 inches.
(14) Committee of Correspondence letter book, retained copy of which is in the Georgia
Historical Society's collection. Published in The Georgia Historical Quarterly,
XXXVI, 250-286 (September 1952).
(15) This letter is in the Georgia Historical Society's collection, Bevan Papers.
(16) The Georgia Historical Society has a rough-draft unsigned, contemporary copy.
(17) Joseph Webber Jackson (1796-1854). Lawyer, judge, state militia officer, legislator.
(18) Joseph Vallence Bevan. (1798 - 1830). Lawyer, newspaper editor and the first official
historian of Georgia, having been appointed by resolution of the legislature in 1824.
(19) A Discourse Concerning the Design'd Establishment of a New Colony, to the South of
Carolina, in the most Delightful Country of the Universe. By Sir Robert Mount-
gomery. Bart. London, (1717). Copy in the Georgia Historical Society's collection.
(20) Clipping was dated October 10-22, 1887 from advertising directory appearing on the
reverse side. From an unidentified Atlanta newspaper.
(21) It was published in The Georgia Historical Quarterly XXXXVII, 84 - 95, (March
1963).
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 125
Part III.
Correspondence Concerning the Colonial records of Spanish
Florida.
St. Augustine 14 Aug. 1843
Sir,
1 have found in the Public Archives here the original copies of what I
consider all of Montiano's letters (1) and reports to his superior, the
Governor of Cuba from 1737 to Winter of 1741. As he appears to be a
most veracious chronicler and his statements vary much from our own
received reports, I have translated many passages and putting them in
juxta position with our history of the same events written out a review
which I have submitted rough-hewn to the Southern Quarterly and await
a report upon it.
These manuscripts I consider a valuable addition to historical
records. They are in extent equal to about 350 pages of closely written
foolscape and mostly filled with details of no present interest but it has
struck me that all bearing upon Oglethorpe and Georgia would be in-
teresting to the readers of your future publications who would know the
real situation of Florida in 1740 and what Montiano thought of his
opponents. At this time there would be nothing indelicate in my receiving
remuneration for work of the brain or drudgery of the pen and if your
Society has funds for such a purpose or think it of any importance, I
would undertake the translation which I could make perfect by referring
to two qualified friends. The only or greatest difficulty is the fine writing
of many Spanish officers who are true disciples of the Hebrew scholar
that wrote beyond the comprehension of all his readers. In our office are
many petitions for grants of land on which the Governor writes "Let the
Engineer report." All the report required is that the granting of the
particular tract will not interfere with the defense of the Province, ending
with the customary "Que es quanto se ofrece decir a V S " &c but some
young fellows must needs add that the cultivation of the earth so far
from being a detriment to the defense of the Province is on the contrary
highly beneficial in providing food for both troops and honest folks
which valuable and novel idea is clothed in fine written phrases that
would puzzle Svedenbourg [sic] Waldo Emerson and the whole tribe of
transcendentalists.
Montiano gives an account of Oglethorpe's invasion in December
1739 to which Bancroft alludes though you of Georgia and Carolina
make no mention of it. His force was only 462 Regulars & 151 Militia,
negroes & Indians (613 in all regular return). The fort was then a mere
shell with casemates only on one side and covers only half the area
published by you. I have not measured it myself. Diego not a fort but a
126 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Stockade was taken on the 10th of June not May. The seige [sic] com-
menced on the 13 June and was raised (to the wonder of Montiano for he
says the place has no defense except the fort and six galleys) on the 20th
July. Moses [Fort Moosa] was carried at daylight 26 June bravely. The
Spanish 300 strong, receiving the fire of the enemy which killed a Lieut,
and nine men, rushed in at the point of the boyonet killing 72 and making
36 prisoners. Nearly as many escaped. An Indian prisoner reported that
he saw Col. Palmer with his head cut off (Here is a singular coincidence.
Could it have been this head that the Chickasaws carried to Oglethorpe?
It could not have been a Spaniard unless he got it at Diego.) The supply
of provisions was inside Mosquito bar, 60 miles South, when Oglethorpe
raised the seige [sic] and arrived here a few days after but no rein-
forcement of troops arrived until September when 200 dismounted
dragoons arrived. In May inhabitants were begging bread from door to
door and Montiano writes that if supplies do not arrive by the 20th of
June, they must all perish by hunger. It is amusing to compare his
speculations upon the force and intentions of Georgia and Carolina with
their speculations upon him. He is the most correct of the two.
Very Respectfully,
Your most obedient
/s/ T. S. Brown
I. K. Tefft, Esq.
Corr. Secy.
Georgia Hist. Society
Savannah
By the by, a loan of your first volume from Mrs. Reid, widow of the
late Governor, set me upon this examination. I have the second volume.
Would it be more than gallant to send her one - she is a Georgian and
would consider it both a respect and compliment.
Being something of the rebellious order, I am incHned to think
Oglethorpe's sad [sic] subjects tell many truths. Our Colonial Governors
would have been worse than Spaniards had the colonists not known their
rights.
St. Augustine 23rd September 1843
Dear Sir,
Since receiving your favor of the 15th inst., I have made the
inquiries therein requested.
The Papers referred to are accessible at any time & a correct copy
could be made at an expense not exceeding fifteen dollars - the same
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 27
having been once made for Dr. Hawkes, for which that amt. was deemed
sufficient compensation. This is the substance of a private conversation
which at my instance Judge Gould was kind enough to hold with Mr.
Alvarez, keeper of the archives, who is an accomplished gentleman of
liberal feelings & would with readiness furnish either copies as above, or
translations, perhaps at a somewhat advanced, though still moderate,
price.
Sincerely your friend,
& obedient servant
/s/ Edwd. Coppee (2)
To
I. K. Tefft
Corresponding Secretary
Georgia Historial Society
St. Augustine, E. F.
20th Oct. 1843
Dear Sir,
I have your favor of 13th inst., and have complied with your
request, so far as to converse with Mr. Alvarez on the subject. He has
engaged to prepare the copies of Montiano's letters bearing upon
Oglethorpe & Georgia in accordance with your directions, which I will
with pleasure transmit to you for the Society as soon as prepared. I
conclude of course, & so does Mr. Alvarez that it would be neither
necessary nor desirable to make a copy of the whole of Montiano's
Journal much of which is taken up with subjects of no possible interest &
constitutes a volume to copy all of which would be attended with un-
necessary expense. He will carefully select every thing at all connected
with the history of the colony of Georgia - & I think for that portion, the
fifteen Dollars appropriated by the Society will be sufficient, & perhaps
more than enough, to defray the expense. I shall not fail to advise you of
the accomplishment of this work.
Your friend and Obedient servant,
/s/ Edwd. Coppee
I. K. Tefft, Esq.
Cor. Sec. Geo. Hist. Soc.
Savannah
128 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Savannah Nov. 28th 1843
My dear Sir,
I beg to present through you to the Georgia Historical Society, a
copy of the original correspondence of Don Manuel de Montiano,
Governor of East Florida, with Don Juan Francisco de Guemes y
Horcasitas, Captain General of the island of Cuba, during the year 1740.
These letters constitute official reports of Don Manuel de Montiano,
who was commanding officer of the Presidio or castle of St. Augustine
during the siege in that year of this important post by General
Oglethorpe.
This official account of the siege of St. Augustine by the Spanish
Governor and commanding officer supplies a deficiency in the historical
narratives of that event by McCall in his History of Georgia, and by
Harris in his "Memorials of Oglethorpe." In reading the narratives of
these Historians, I recollect my surprise at their silence regarding the
nature of the defenses and the number of troops in the garrison of St.
Augustine. I have not found in any history, even the name of the
Commanding officer, an honorable record which has been accorded even
to our savage chiefs - and there exists but little notice of the topography
of the Spanish territory. These papers I deem to be valuable to our
Society, both for the true history of the invasion of East Florida by Genl.
Oglethorpe, as for the early history and colonization of that important
territory.
All Historians concur in representing the censure incurred by Genl.
Oglethorpe by his failure to reduce the presidio of St. Augustine. The
importance of its reduction is evinced in the remarks of the then
Governor of Massachusetts, His Excellency Jonathan Belcher. He said
"it was absolutely necessary for the quieting of the English possessions
of Carolina and Georgia, that we should reduce Augustine to the
obedience of the British crown, and keep it, as Gibralter and Mahon."
The annexation of Texas to this Union, may now be regarded, of equal
necessity for the defense of our interests, and for like reasons.
Don Manuel de Montiano, in these official despatches, regrets his
inability to follow up the retreat of Genl. Oglethorpe to his destruction &
that of his troops, and to the extermination of the Colony of Georgia. He
says; "Esta era la ocasion de exterminar al General Oglethorpe y su
Regimiento y hacerle desocupas la Georgia" &.
The failure of Genl. Oglethorpe to reduce St. Augustine arose from
circumstances beyond military skill to defeat, or human foresight to
anticipate. Fas est, et ab haste doceri; but whilst the historian may learn
truth even from an enemy - from these official reports of Don Manuel de
Montiano, it is satisfactory to know that Genl. Oglethorpe was, at the
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 29
time, honorably acquitted of all ground of censure for his conduct during
this siege.
A full and triumphant defense of Genl. Oglethorpe is contained in a
pamphlet sent to me by my friend Dr. Mackenzie, of the University of
Edinburgh, to whose enlightened curiosity and untiring zeal in
promoting the objects of our Society, sufficent admiration and thanks
cannot be awarded. This pamphlet is entitled "The Spanish Hirling
detected; being a refutation of the calumnies and falsehoods in a late
pamphlet, entitled an Impartial account of the late expedition against St.
Augustine under Genl. Oglethorpe. By George Cadogan, Lieutenant in
Genl. Oglethorpe's regiment. London 1743." I am not aware that the
Historical Society is in possession of this "Impartial Account."
It affords me pleasure now, to record my acknowledgements to the
Revd. Dr. Hawks, lately of New York and now of Holly Springs,
Mississippi, for the advantage of possessing this Spanish manuscript.
During the learned Doctor's visit to St. Augustine, he obtained a copy of
these official letters from the pubUc archives of East Florida. The truth
and correctness of copy is attested by Don Antonio Alvarez, Keeper of
those Archives. The copy which I send you is made from that of Dr.
Hawks; and whenever the wish of the Society may be expressed, I should
have a sincere pleasure in furnishing a translation of these Spanish
documents.
Impelled by an ardent desire to contribute something to the high
purposes of our Society, I shall endeavor, during a visit which I propose
soon, to make to St. Augustine to obtain copies of the earlier records of
the Spanish colonies of East and West Florida. I may feUcitate my
adopted state, that by her enlightened legislation in collecting historic
documents by pubUc agents and by the labors of our Society in pubUshed
volumes, she has not merited the gratuitous, tory reproach of Alison,
that republics "keep no records." -
With sentiments of great respect,
very truly yours,
/s/Wm. B. Hodgson
To I. K. Tefft, Esq.
Corresponding Secretary
Georgia Historical Society
St. Augustine 25 Dec 1843
Dear Sir,
I perceive by a late Savannah paper that Doct. Hawkes has
presented to yr. Society sundry extracts from Montiano's correspon-
dence. In writing you before, I was not aware that any extracts had been
130 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
previously made but subsequently, Mr. Alvarez (I think subsequently)
informed me that he had made extracts for some Doctor Hawkes though
he knew not to what purpose they were applied.
At the request of Coppee, Mr. A. has made off for you all the ex-
tracts he furnished to Dr. H. but I have suggested his now adding all the
passages in the correspondence (whether important or not) which relate
to Georgia and I believe he will do so without additional charge as he is
too liberal not to desire that the knowledge of the old Government
should see the light.
Having overhauled the papers of the archives, I would state to you
that except this correspondence of Montiano there is nothing historical
previous to the cession to Great Britain in 1763, nor during the British
Dominion, but from 1784 to 1821 the records are full and interesting.
The proceedings of Bowles - Panton Lesslie & Co. - The Creek Chief
Alexr. McGillivray, from whom there are several letters - Danl. McGirtt.
The inserrection [sic] of borderers in 1795 the proceedings of whose
trial, testimony &c are all here. The resolution of 1812. Trade of Fer-
nandina during the war &c.
These papers are of exceeding value to one versed in the Georgia
history of these troubles or of this troublesome period and who would
wish to verify, explain or set right what has heretofore been written and if
not corrected tend to deceive the public mind.
These being official document - confidential communicatons &c, are
of infinitely higher authority than pubUc versions recorded in old
newspapers (vehicles to which I do not attach the most profound respect)
and I would recommend in event that any friend of your Society of the
character I have described should visit St. Augustine he make a thorough
examination for the purposes I have stated.
Permit me to return my respectful acknowledgements to your
Society for the first volume of Historical Collections.
Very Respectfully,
Your most obedient
/s/ T. S. Brown
I. K. Tefft, Esq.
Corresponding Secretary
Georgia Historical Society
Savannah
Resolved, that the Cory. Secty. of this Society be directed to address
the Keeper of the public archives of West Florida, requesting him to
furnish this Society with a brief notice of the volumes of the papers in his
custody relating to the history of that Province.
Passed 13Feby. 1844
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 1 3 1
St. Augustine April 23rd, 1844
I.K. Tefft,Esq.
Dear Sir,
As soon as Dr. Coppee reed, from you the M.S. referred to in your
favor of the 5th inst. he applied to me for a translation thereof. As I am
not sufficiently versed in the english language to make such english
translation as the Georgia Historical Society ought to have of that
document and not knowing at the time who to recommend that could &
would do it properly, Dr. Coppee undertook the work himself, and of
course I offered my assistance in explaining if necessary the Spanish
version.
I do not know where the dispatches of the governor general of Cuba
relative to Florida are kept, but presume that copies of them ought to be
found in Havanna.
The archives under my charge do not furnish any part of the in-
formation required by you. They run only as far back as the year 1784
when Spain rec'd. E. Florida from Great Britain. The book from which I
made the M.S. and one or two other documents relating to private
property of little importance are the only papers dated beyond that
period.
The Public Archives of West Florida remained at Pensacola in 1821
and are kept by Jos. E. Caro, Esqr.
Believe me. Sir, that I much regret that either the archives or my own
knowledge do not afford me the pleasure of giving you a satisfactory
answer.
Yours with great respect,
/s/ Antonio Alvarez
Madrid, May 17th 1844
Dear Sir,
A long and harrassing indisposition of upwards of a year and from
which I am scarcely recovered, has deranged all my correspondence and
prevented my attending to many commissions of friendship. This I trust
will be a sufficient apology for not having replied earlier to your letters of
18 June and 17 Jany. last.
You wish to have a research made in the Spanish archives for any
documents which may exist relative to the hostilities between Florida and
the provinces of S. Carolina and Georgia in the time of Gen. Oglethorpe.
Persons at a distance have little idea of the difficulty attending
researches in the Spanish archives. The government is loth to grant
permission, and generally does so with great restrictions and for specific
132 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
objects; this is especially the case of late, in consequence of great abuses
of the privilege by a Belgian of the name of Gachard. The research you
wish to have made is rather vague and general: after documents which
may exist. If such as you mentioned do exist they must be either in the
archives at Semaneas, or in those of the Case de Contractacion at Seville.
If I could obtain permission from government for a rummage of the kind
it would require time, and the attention of a person who could go to
those places and make it his business; these archives being a perfect
wilderness of documents.
The result, therefore, even though it might be fruitless, would be
attended with considerable expense. These matters I suggest for your
consideration; in the mean time I shall endeavor to learn by general
enquiry whether there is a probability of such a research being successful.
I am Sir,
Very respectfully,
/s/ Washington Irving (3)
I. K. Tefft
&c &c &c
Rooms of the Georgia Historical Society
Savannah
16th Feb. 1857
To His Excellency,
General Concha,
Marquis de la Habana
Gov. Gen. of Cuba
&c &c &c
The Historical Society of Georgia,
in the United States of America have appointed their distinquished
member, Wm. B. Hodgson of Savannah, to visit Havana and to deliver
this respectful address to your Excellency.
The Society has long since heard that in the archives of your
Excellency's government were deposited the papers and documents
pertaining to the late royal governments of East and West Florida. These
papers were transferred at the period of their cession to the United
States. This Historical Society supposes that there must be among them
papers relating to the statistics of the Indian tribes of the Floridas, their
population, languages, manners & customs. To preserve these precious
remains of the aborigines of America for the benefit of science and of the
world, is the hope and desire of this Society. It does not doubt, from the
enlightened character of your Excellency, that you will favor the re
searches of Mr. Hodgson.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS 133
In the Franciscean Convent of Havana, it is also understood that
there exist many valuable papers relating to the aborigines and
ethnology of Florida.
That your Excellency may repose confidence in the character of Mr.
Hodgson, we beg to say that he is a large proprietor in this state, and for
many years he held a diplomatic appointment under this government at
Constantinople, in Egypt and Algiers. Your Excellency will, therefore,
perceive in this the pure love of science which prompts Mr. Hodgson to
undef take the voyage.
We therefore respectfully solicit your Excellecny's consideration for
the personal character of Mr. Hodgson, as well as for his scientific
pursuits.
We have the honor to
remain your obt. Servts.,
James M. Wayne, Presdt.
(Mr. Justice Wayne of the U.S.) sign by
request I. K. Tefft.
Charles S. Henry, Vice Presdt.
G.H.S.
I. K. Tefft, Corresponding Secty.,
Geor. His. Society.
Notes to Part III.
(1) These MSS were published as Letters of Montiano, etc, etc, Collections of the Georgia
Historical Society, Vol. VII, Part 1. 1909.
(2) Edward Coppee. Physician who refugeed from Santo Domingo to Savannah; father
of Henry Coppee, literary and military author.
( (3) Washington Irving (1783-1859). Author, diplomat. He was Minister to Spain when the
wrote this letter.
134
The Mackenzie Papers
Edited by Albert S. Britt, Jr. and Lilla M. Hawes
Foreword
IN the early 1840's Dr. William Mackenzie of the University
of Edinburgh's History Department was asked by Messrs.
William B. Hodgson and I. K. Tefft, two original members of
the Georgia Historical Society, to search the record sources,
libaries and private collections in England and Scotland for
information concerning the founding and early development of
the Colony of Georgia. This search eventually expanded to Spain,
without results at that time. Dr. Mackenzie assiduously searched
and copied, or had copied, a number of records which are of
interest to students of early Georgia history. Some reports of Dr.
Mackenzie were used by William Bacon Stevens in his notable
two-volume History of Georgia, published in 1847 ^^'^ '859.
While some of the information contained in these papers has
been published, there remain some bits of history in this collection
which have not heretofore been made generally available to the
public. The editors feel there is sufficient originality in these old
manuscripts, even though some have previously been published,
to warrant publication of the entire collection of Mackenzie's
papers.
The manuscripts are handwritten in ink. Over the years the
paper has deteriorated in places and in some instances the ink
has bled through as the frugal Scottish professor wrote on both
sides— he stressed in several places his Scottish thrift. As a result,
it has been necessary to reconstruct missing words and phrases
and to interpret the author's handwriting where it is unintelligible.
In addition, three pages from one of the manuscripts have been
lost. It was necessary to write to Scotland for copies of the
original document to fill in this gap (see below). With these
exceptions, this work is a true and faithful transcript of the
Mackenzie papers which are in the library of the Georgia His-
torical Society. The letters have been arranged in chronological
Reprinted from The Georgia Historical Quarterly,
Winter, 1972 and Spring, 1973.
The Mackenzie Papers 135
order and the other manuscripts have been assembled in the same
order in part two, to follow publication of the first part, Spelling
and punctuation have been brought up to date only where it is
thought desirable for clarity; most abbreviations have been ex-
panded and long passages have been broken into paragraphs.
All of the papers are in the library of the Georgia Historical
Society with the exception of the Mcintosh genealogy and an
accompanying letter which are now in the Keith Read Collection
in the University of Georgia Library. The editors acknowledge
and express appreciation to the University for permission to
publish these.
The editors are especially grateful to D. M. Lloyd, Keeper,
Department of Printed Books, National Library of Scotland,
Edinburgh, and to Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Donington-Smith of St.
Andrews, Scotland, who put us in touch with Mr. Lloyd, for
their kindness in sending a microfilm of several pages of the
Edinburgh Caledonial Mercury in the year 1733 to replace the
three pages lost out of the Mackenzie copy.
The letter in which Dr. Mackenzie acknowledged and accepted
his election to Honorary Membership in the Georgia Historical
Society, though not really a part of this series of letters, is never-
theless included in this work. It can be seen that he was most
appreciative of the honor and in return worked tirelessly and
diligently at what seems to have been a frustrating task. The
abrupt termination of this correspondence is unexplained.
The editing of these papers was undertaken by Colonel Britt
on behalf of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Georgia,
of which Society he is Historian, and Mrs. Hawes on behalf of
the Georgia Historical Society, of which she is the Director.
Extract of a letter from Doctor William Mackenzie of the University
of Edinburgh to Wi7i. B. Hodgson, dated Septejnber 2d, 1843''-
I have sent voii some documents relating to the early settlement of
Georgia, which I was induced to do, in consequence of having
perused a letter in the Savannah Republican of the ist of June, last,
bv the Revd Dr. Stephens [Stevens] of Athens. In referring to the
Colonial Documents obtained by the state, he says, "of two most
important periods, they furnish us nothing, viz, the first three years
136 The Mackenzie Papers
of the Colony from 1732 to 35," and he states that without infor-
mation as to that period, he cannot commence to write his history
of Georgia. I have transcribed out of a large file of newspapers in
the Advocates library, everything connected with the plantation
of Georgia, from 1732 till 1736.^ From what I have since seen, I
greatly suspect, that it will be more curious than useful, although
the A IS contains 26 pages of letter paper closely written, and quoad
Georgia, is quite the same as if you had in your possession, the
whole numbers of the newspapers. I have also appended to it, refer-
ences to various works in the libraries here. Extracts from these, may
be forwarded, if necessary, for Dr. Stephens' [Stevens'] labors. Mr.
Bones of Augusta, will also take out, by the Steamer of next month,
a volume of pamphlets on the same subject. The title of one of them
is, "A true and Historical narrative of the Colony of Georgia, in
America, from the first settlement thereof, until this present period,
by Pat. Tailfer M. D., Hugh Anderson M. A., David Douglas and
others, Landholders in Georgia, &c. London, 1 1 2 pages," and from
internal evidence of date 1741, 42.^
Dr. Stephens [Stevens] in the letter above quoted from, says; —
"Upon the subject of the German settlements in Georgia, I have,
through the liberality of the late James Graham, LLD of Nantes,
France, full and interesting materials, consisting of about 25 volumes
of German books &c. Mr. Graham took much interest in my pro-
posed work, and requested Sir Wm. Hamilton of Edinburgh to look
up any documents, relating to the Colony which settled in Georgia
from Inverness, and other places in Scotland." I sent a short note
to Sir William, stating that, I had seen it reported in an American
newspaper, that the late Mr. Graham had applied to him for infor-
mation regarding the Scotch emigrants. Mr. Bones will transmit
to you from Charleston, Sir William Hamilton's letter to me, which
you are free to do with, as you please. Sir Wm. is a Baronet, & of a
very old family. He was formerly Professor of History, and now of
logic in our University, besides being a regular writer in the Edin-
burgh Review. He is out of all question, the most deeply learned
person in Scotland.^ His knowledge of German is truly wonderful.
You will see, that Mr. Graham obtained his information from him.
Sir William's brother. Captain Hamilton is better known in the
United States, having some years ago, published a work on your
country. By the bye, he told me something regarding your juries
in August which Piatt's trial confirms.
As I think, that many papers may be obtained here, which will be
of value in Georgia, I have ordered a friend to insert an advertise-
The Mackenzie Papers 137
ment in the Publisher's catalogue or Circular, for books &c, illustrative
of the history of Georgia, from 1732 till 1740; and particularly for
the original proceedings of the "Trustees for settling the colony of
Georgia," which last. Dr. Stephens [Stevens] thinks, are lost. I hope
not. At any rate, talking about things don't produce them. The
trifles which I have sent out by Mr. Bones, viz, the extracts from
the Caledonian Mercury, the volume of pamphlets, and Sir William
Hamilton's letter, you will please to understand, are your own
absolutely.
If I knew exactly what Dr. Stephens [Stevens] was in want of,
I might perhaps, be able to get it supplied. For instance, we have
in the College library a small volume containing the following works,
I St. A Vogage to Georgia begun in 1735 by Francis Moore, London,
1744, pages 108. He was the keeper of the Stores and states in a note,
that he returned to Georgia in 1738, and continued to keep a constant
journal, was the seige of St. Augustine in 1740, and of the Spanish
invasion of Georgia, in 1742. This is an admirable book. 2d. An
impartial inquiry into the state and utility of the Province of Georgia.
London 1741, pages 104. 3d. A new and accurate account of the
provinces of South Carolina and Georgia. London 1732; pages 76.
4th. A description of South Carolina &c. 1761; pages 96. Now I do
not know, whether you already possess these books, or whether they
are impartial or not.^
I will however promise to investigate into the Scotch emigration.
It will be an exceedingly difficult task, and I must undertake it solely
myself.^
To I. K. Tefft, Savannah, Ga.
College Edinburgh, 17th November 1843'^
Dear Sir,
I have to acknowledge, with many thanks, your kind letter of the
(;th October last, announcing my election as an honorary member
of the "Georgia Historical Society."
I feel very grateful, and deeply indebted, for this high honor — not
the less welcome to me, because unexpected and, too happy to find
that my humble efforts have so soon found favor with those so
Competent to judge. I would beg to assure the Society that no
exertion shall in future be spared by me that I may render myself,
if possible, at least somewhat worthy of a distinction which has been
so handsomely conferred and which I shall never cease to regard
with the highest of esteem. Referring you to your excellent and
138 The Mackenzie Papers
learned member, Wm. B. Hodgson, Esqr., for information relative
to further particulars. Believe me.
With much respect. Dear Sir, yours faithfully
To I. K. Tefft, Esqr., Bank of the State of Georgia, Savannah
Blackett [Blackell?] Place, Edinburgh
I St. February 1844
Dear Sir,
It affords me great pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of the
Diploma which the Georgia Historical Society conferred on me,
and also to inform you that the 2 vols, came safe to hand.^ Be pleased,
therefore, to present my thanks to the Society. The Collections will
be of much service in forwarding the Highland investigation, which
I regret to state proceeds very slowly. I hope notwithstanding to be
soon in a condition to communicate something that will be of value.
Considerable time will, however elapse before the enquiry can be
concluded. There is a life here published of General Mackay, that
contains a remarkably good notice of one of your Mackay's. If my
time permits tomorrow forenoon I will subjoin an extract. In the
meanwhile, I have applied, for your Society, to the Professors of St.
Andrews, Aberdeen and Glasgow, to transmit to me a list of all the
books, Pamphlets and MSS in their respective libraries, that in any way
relate to the History of Georgia. I particularly remark that part of
your letter of 29th November regarding the history of the Scottish
emigrants prior to their leaving Inverness, and you may be assured
I will constantly keep it in view.
I have not yet obtained the address of Thomas A. Boswell although
I lost no time in beginning the requisite enquiries. It unfortunately
happens that there is a feud in this family — who, indeed, have always
been remarkable for some weak peculiarities. Mr Miller of Dalswinton
and others nearby connected with the Boswells referred me to a
gentleman residing in this city who is reported to have extraordinary
influence with them — He does not wish his name to be mentioned
and considers the conversation I held with him as so far confidential.
Mr James Boswell Johnson's biographer, left two sons — the eldest
Alexander was killed in 1822 by James Stuart of Dunearn in a duel.
The present Sir James Boswell is his only son. Neither James the
grandfather, Alexander the father nor the present Sir James ever
lived at "Crawley Grange." At Sir Alexander's decease, he was
considerably in debt and his library and MSS were purchased by his
wife the Dowager Lady Boswell. They are all at Auchinleck house,
in the state in which they were found, at the death of her husband
The Mackenzie Papers 139
and in three boxes carefully sealed up. Dowager Lady Boswell re-
cently writes to her sister, the Honble Mrs. Leslie Gumming, in
reply to a question from me "that she never heard Sir Alexander
Boswell allude to any MSS life of General Oglethorpe, and that she
does not believe that anything of the kind exists — otherwise she
would have heard of it."
The second brother of Mr James Boswell was named David — he
was first a merchant in Spain, and subsequently obtained a lucrative
appointment in the Navy Pay Office. He used to be called "Don"
David. He had one son David Thomas, who made an unsuitable
marriage, went to India, acquired an immense fortune, and left one
son, Thomas A. Boswell, the gentleman whose present address you
wish to obtain. My informant positively declares that the deceased
Sir Alexander Boswell got all his fathers papers, and that none of
these could by any possibility have been in the possession of "Don"
David, or of his son, or grandson.
Dowager Lady Boswell and her connections dislike greatly any
allusion to Dr. Johnson, considering that Air. James the grandfather
degraded himself and his family by acting the toady to the Doctor.
Sir Walter Scott applied to my informant to get access to Dr.
Johnson's letters for Croker's edition of Boswell, but in spite of
all his importunities and influence, was met with a firm refusal.
It is known that many interesting papers and letters exist in the
collection — and all the letters published by Boswell with the sup-
pressed passages. If my friend survives Dowager Lady Boswell, he
will then be allowed to examine them all. He tells me that Boswell
intended to write the history of many distinguished individuals, —
but actually did nothing except notifying his intentions. As for
instance, he reeported that he had written the life of Lord Kames —
After Boswell's death it was found the MSS consisted of only five
pages. Taking all the circumstances into consideration, and especially
the advanced age of General Oglethorpe at the period when Boswell
was in London Society the probabilities are that no life by Boswell
of General Oglethorpe ever existed; such at least is the opinion of
those I have consulted. I have delayed making enquiries in England
in relation to Thomas A. Boswell's address, because Dowager Lady
Boswell is expected to visit her sister the Honble Mrs L. Gumming
in about a fortnight, when if she really can give me no positive infor-
mation, I will at once apply elsewhere, as I cannot believe she can
be ignorant of the residence of the heir at law to the title and estates
of her son Sir James. Moreover I expect to find out his agent or
correspondent in this city, which would enable me to cut the matter
140 The Mackenzie Papers
very short, and to bring influence to bear on him. 1 yesterday re-
ceived a letter from William B. Hodgson Esqr. of date 28 December
which has gratified me much, not only because of his great liberality
in placing a sum of money at my credit with Messrs Low & Co to
meet expenses in purchasing documents, books, and copying papers,
but because he states that you are preparing a list of the Al.S.S. and
works in your society's library. This should be printed and circulated
extensively among your correspondents; it will tell prodigiously. I
also feel that conferring membership on Stacey Grimaldi,^ Esqr. may
produce important results. No one is able to effect more for your
society than that gentleman. As soon as the session terminates I will
go to London, and try if I can be of any use in procuring materials
for the history of Georgia and will give all my time while there
to promote that object, as much as possible, and of course, without
any expense to your society as far as I am concerned. The Georgia
papers, I wished to purchase from Thorpe of London I learn are
securely lodged in the State Paper Office. So we shall get something
out of George Chalmers after all. Give my kind regards to Hodgson,
and say that in conformity with his desire I shall tomorrow send the
"Old Accounts" to Liverpool to be forwarded to him, and that I
shall write to him by the Boston Steamer of next month. I presume
you will have got the extracts regarding Macleod. I don't believe that
he ever returned to Scotland. I subjoin an extract of a letter by a
remarkably intelligent old lady Mrs. Nicholson of Husabost dated
Skye 15th Jany. 1844. "The farm of Hashadder was in 1738 occupied
by Alexander Macleod son of Norman Macleod, whom he succeed
as Tacksman (tenant) of that place. Little can now be collected
concerning the family as it is extinct in Skye, in the male line. Four
nephews of the Georgian gentleman, the sons of the aforesaid Alex-
ander went abroad — two to the East Indies, and two to North
America, the latter it was then reported to settle with their uncle,
one of them being named after him. They were never afterwards
heard of in Skye. They were a branch of the Dunvegan family
(Macleod of Macleod). The wife of Norman Macleod and mother
of John and Alexander, was of the name Nicholson. These meagre
details were obtained from a descendant in the female line, whose
great c^randfather was Norman Macleod tacksman of Hashadder."
So much for the "Minister" — perhaps something more definite
will turn up regarding him bye and by.^" I have before me a "life
of General Mackay" 2 edition, Duodecimo London 1842. "Life
of Lieut. Gen. Mackav of Scour\'" commander in chief of the forces
in Scotland &cc. In appendix No. 3 P. 218 is an account which I
The Mackenzie Papers 141
shall copy for you entitled "Pedigree of the Borley, or Junior branch
of the Scoury family." "On the demise of Lieut. Gen. Hugh Mackay
the younger, without male issue, in 17 15, the representation of the
Scoury family in the male line devolved on the descendants of his
great grand uncle Donald Mackay of Borley, second son of Donald
the first of Scoury, and next brother of Colonel Hugh, the great
General's father. Donald of Borley connected his family a second
time in marriage with that distinguished race of warriors, and
defenders of the Protestant faith, the Munroes of Foulis, by uniting
himself to his cousin, Christine, daughter of the Revd. Robert
Munro minister of Creech, and proprietor of Merkle [Makle?] Creech,
brother of the laird of Foulis. By this lady he had, besides other
children, two sons, William and Angus, the latter ancestor of William
iVIackay Esqr. Prince Edward's Island, and George Mackay Esqr.
Stewart Hall. The eldest son William usually designed of Borley,
from having commanded a company of foot in the battle of Wor-
cester, returned to the country after many hair-breadth escapes,
settled there and married a daughter of Corbett of Ardill, by whom
he had three sons, Hugh, Donald, and John. Hugh is the same as
mentioned at page 27 as having been appointed Captain of an inde-
pendent Company, and at page 43, commandant of Ruthven Castle
in both which situations he is said to have displayed great activity,
and zeal for the service. He married, first, the Honble. Ann Mackay,
daughter of John Lord Reay; and secondly, the only daughter of
P. Dunbar of Siderra, near Dornoch, by whom he had a numerous
issue, now all extinct, with one exception the wife of Captain Matchet
of the Saffold Militia. Captain Hugh's eldest son, Patrick, after
selling Siderra to the Earl of Siitherla?id, in 1732 accompanied Genl.
Oglethorpe on his colonizing expedition to Georgia, together with
three of his brothers. Their only descendants who lived to the present
time were Lieut. Gen. Hugh Mackay Gordon, who died in 1823
Colonel of the i6th foot and Lieut. Govr. of Jersey, and his two
brothers, Alexander and George, both A^ajors in the Army &cc."
This much as a specimen of the Work, which I will transmit to you
on the first opportunity along with anything else I can pick up.
Patrick Mackay, above referred to died in Georgia, previously to
going out, he had been engaged in extensive mercantile pursuits,
and lost a large part of his fortune. He published a Pamphlet explain-
ing the cause of his want of success and exposing certain parties
by whose imprudence and fraudulency he suffered. I have not been
able to get any copy of his brochure, but I have every reason to
believe, 1 will get any additional information regarding him in a very
142 The Mackenzie Papers
short time, that may be required, I am hunting after information
about his cousin, Hugh Alackay who was the son of Charles iVIackay
of Sand%\'ood, and was aide de camp to Gen. Oglethorpe, and I have
no doubt I will make him out. I have obtained another work about
the Aiackays something very formidable, as follows: "The history
of the House and Clan, of Mackay containing &cccc with a genealogi-
cal table of the clan. 592 Pages Quarto. Edinburgh 18:9. I shall also
send it out as a contribution to the society whenever I have leisure
to look about for some other Vols I wish to get.^^
February 2d 6 P.M. I have just got home much later than I in-
tended and regret that I have time only to acknowledge the receipt
of another letter from Wm B. Hodgson Esqr. In consequence of my
being obliged to go a short way into the country it will be out of
m\- power to state some other matters I had proposed to mention,
Mhich I will refer to on another opportunity. I am glad to find that
the Al.S.S. from 1732 to 35 are likely to be recovered. I beg you
will give my regards to Wm B. Hodgson Esqr. and accept the same
yourself and Trusting under the peculiar circumstances you will
excuse this hasty and abrupt conclusion of this "lengthy" if not very
interesting epistle.
I am with much respect. Truly yours
To William B. Hodgsoji, Savajinah Georgia
Brodick Island of Arran
28th September 1844
Mr. Dear Sir,
I write a few lines to state that I have arrived here from Inverness
by way of the Caledonian Canal, and that after I get to Edinburgh,
I will forward to you all the information I have obtained relative
to the Highland emigration to Georgia. Notwithstanding of all the
exertions I made in every quarter when in the North, I regret that
I had very little success, in ascertaining anything that will be of value
to the Historical Society, It would be as tedious as unprofitable to
attempt to give any account of the places I visited or the parties
I consulted. But it may be as well to make a few remarks to convey
to you an idea of the difficulty to be encountered in this enquiry.
Soon after the Georgia emigration came the great rebellion (1745)
which served to obliterate all events of inferior importance. From that
date till within the last 15 years emigrations have occurred annually
from the central Highlands on a scale much more considerable than
Oglethorpe's. This although of great political importance took place
without attracting general notice, and was soon forgotten the more
The Mackenzie Papers 143
particularly as entire families left together, and seldom or never were
more heard of in Scotland. Besides the war which finally expelled
the French from all their possessions in America absorbed a number
of young men, who were chiefly drawn from the Highlands, and
from that time to this, the Highlanders enlisted in extraordinary
numbers in proportion to the population, and they have fought
and perished in all parts of the world where the British have been
engaged. These poor people had no opportunity of acquiring a
knowledge of any trade, and from their imperfect acquaintance with
or total ignorance of the English language, and their warlike habits,
they became, from necessity and nearly as a matter of course, soldiers
as soon as they were able to shoulder a musket. Thousands offered
themselves when mere Boys, and were accepted and maintained by
the government till of the proper age. But what chiefly depopulated
the Highlands, was the universal introduction of sheep walks — con-
verting at once into a single and solitary sheep farm, a tract of
country formerly possessed by perhaps a thousand families who
had subsisted on small patches of ground in some deep valley, and
by occasionally engaging in fishing and hunting. Sometimes the aid of
the military was required "to remove the natives" who often resisted,
and were for a time suffered to remain in their barren wilds, till a
more seasonable opportunity arose when a kind of compromise, in
some cases was effected by their chief paying the expense of their
passage to North America, as you do with the Indians to the West
of the Mississippi.
The lands belonged originally to the whole clan, and at the time
of the first settlement of Georgia, the chiefs would not have dared
either to have exacted rents, or to have expelled from their lands,
such a person for instance as your John More Mackintosh. It was
only after all of his status had voluntarily emigrated, or gone on
foreign service, that the chiefs felt that "they could do as they
liked with their own." Mackintosh of Moy Hall told me, that his
ancestor at the time of the foundation of your colony had reduced
himself to an income of /300 per annum, by the necessity that
existed to borrow money on his lands, to assist the more influential
of his clan to leave the country, and that he had no doubt that
some of the Georgia emigrants had been [sic] received part of the
money. Within these few years Englishmen of fortune are taking
the hills for liberty to shoot game, and are actually paying a higher
rent than is obtained from the tenant for the grazing of cattle.
The proprietors are thus getting two rents for the same property
which is now eagerly bought at 30 and 35 years purchase. The High-
144 'Vui: Mackenzu; I'ai-khs
landers care nothing for their chiefs and their feelings towards them
are any thing but those of deference or respect. The spirit of de-
mocracy has entered their very souls.
What renders our investigations more hopeless is the fact that only
two newspapers were pubishcd in Scotland at the time Georgia was
founded and these throw no light on the emigration from the High-
lands to your colony. The Scots Magazine, the other authority
of that date, is in the same condition — nor have I ever been able
to get information regarding it either by reading or conversation,
alrho I have neglected no opportunity within my power. It was only
after I had been for some time in Inverness and when I had almost
dispaircd of learning anything, that I gleaned some particulars, which
I shall have great pleasure to communicate to you bye and bye.
As Mr. Teft in a letter to me seems to think that traditionary
details might be picked up, when on the spot I did all I could to
realize them, and mentioned this to a very aged gentleman who is
noted for his knowledge in matters of this sort, and is said to have
an "iron memory." He replied rather quaintly "Sir, you are 50 years
too late for tradition — why did not your friends in Georgia apply
sooner — when they emigrate from the cast to the west do they
leave any records behind them?" As it may be some weeks before
I will be able to send you the documents I have secured, it may be
proper here to inform you what I consider, I have ascertained.
I St. That those who emigrated to Georgia were men of good charac-
ter, and that they were carefully selected for their military qualities.
In fact, they were picked men. Also, that those in authority among
them, were highly connected in the Highlands. Numbers of the
common people from a glen called Strathdearn about 9 miles from
Inverness. Captain Macpherson was from the district of Badenoch —
of him and Sutherland I expect to learn something very soon. John
More Mackintosh, I have succeeded in tracing, and will send you
a curious and elaborate history of him and his family and numerous
descendants in Georgia for which I am indebted to Col. Mackintosh
of Farr near Inverness, whose kindness to me, I trust I shall never
forget.'- I dare say the Spaldings will be happy to have their family
tree from an authentic source. John M. Mackintosh previous to his
going out with Oglethorpe, was a gentleman farmer — a class now
extinct in the Highlands. When I return to F.din'h I will get accurate
information relative to Stuart the father of Sir John "in consequence
of my having, when in the Highlands discovered the representative
of the family — jMr. Islay [?1 Newton the sister's son of Ensign
Stuart." It so happens that I am on terms of intimacy with his law
The Mackenzie Papers 145
agent, who I hesitate not to say will exert himself to obtain all
that can be ascertained regarding that distinguished man. In examining
the records at Inverness, I found that the Town Council of Inverness
in October 1735 had made Oglethorpe a Burgess of that City and
appointed Captain Dunbar his proxie. Of this I have got an official
extract.i^ I left the 2 Vols, of collections at Moy Hall with Mackintosh
of Mackintosh the chief of the clan. He is a native of Canada, and
succeeded to the estates within the last 10 years. His rental is about
;^8ooo per annum. I shall forward to you a letter from him, wherein
he explains the reasons why he had no documents connected with the
family,^** but after visiting him and partaking of his hospitality, he
frankly told me, that in consequence of his being a very remote
relative altho in the direct line — everything that could be removed
from Moy Hall had be [en] abstracted by an old Lady, the wife of
his predecessor, and what has become of them he knows not. He
showed me two swords given to chiefs of the clan by Viscount
Dundee and Charles ist., one was of date 1500 and the other had
engraved on the blade the word "Jesus" and supposed to have been
manufactured at the time of the Crusades. Mackintosh of Rigmore
[Raigmore], one of the many gentlemen applied to for information,
produced to me the original Commission from James R to the
Brigadier, who was a younger brother of Rigmore's great
grandfather. I also read two letters from the Pretender to the
Brigadier. By the way, what Mr. Spalding mentions in a note relative
to John More Mackintosh being a near relative of the Lady Mackin-
tosh, who led the clan in 1745 is as you will afterwards see, an
erroneous statement. He was a son of Lacklan Mackintosh of Borlum,
who was descended from the 16 chief of the clan Mackintosh and
clan Chattan. The story that Lady Mackintosh led the clan during
the rebellion, is a very pretty fiction — all moonshine. She never
left Moy Hall till she was seized by the Kings Troops. Tlie officer
who commanded was surprised to recognize her as an old flame
of his own. No doubt she sided with the clan nearly all of whom
joined in the rebellion excepting her husband who prudently took the
givernment side; a very good practice at that time, to secure the
estate in the family.
In great haste Yours ever
146 The Mackenzie Pai'Eks
To William B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
Blackett Place, Edinburgh
I St November 1844
My dear sir,
Your friend, Mr. A. Smets was here and from him I received the
Southern Review which I had no opportunity of examining till he
left this 8 days ago for Aberdeen, otherwise I would have given him
two works on Florida to take to you. He has got the papers about
John More Mackintosh, and I posted those relative to Sauart, ad-
dressed to him at Liverpool as agreed on between us. I much regret
I did not see more of him. I wrote you from Arran and mentioned
that I had obtained an historical and genealogical account of the
family of John M. Mackintosh, which was written by the late Simion
Mackintosh a brother of Farrs.^^ Its accuracy may be relied on for
old dates, but I confess I have some misgivings relative to the part
of it, that refers to your Georgia Mac's. You are in a condition
to amend or correct this. I neglected to state that it was reported
to me in several respectable quarters, that John M. Mackintosh, had
been out in 17 15 with the Brigadier his uncle, and also that he was
one of those who surrendered at Preston to the King's troops. This
is probable, considering that he was tall and robust, and moreover, that
at that period, he would have been nearly 15 years of age. I looked
into the "Political State" for 17 15 and found that 2 of his name
appear among the list of prisoners, and are designated as Ensigns.
Captain Dunbar of the ship Prince of Wales, was a near relative,
of a Gentleman of the same name, who at one time had been Provost
of Inverness. He was said to have been an active, daring fellow,
who knew his own interest, and lost no fair opportunity of promoting
it. I was told, by several Highland people that the government of
the day were very happy to see the Georgia emisrrants fairly out
of Scotland as their connections all belonged to the Jacobite party.
I made arrangements with a friend in Inverness, to pursue the enquiry
regarding the emigrants, — but with faint hopes of success.
I have carefully read the Florida article,^® and am truly so much
astounded therewith that I have not yet recovered my composure.
It is written in an uncandid sneering spirit. You do not give me your
opinion of the reviewal, or any hint what sort of a person this slashing
critic is; therefore I shall not hazard any opinion of his motives.
He must have studied history in a Jesuit College, as it is rather
difficult to imagine where else "on airth" he could have acquired
his one-sided, narrow, sectarian views. This method of discussing
important political and historical events, is certainly a novel one.
The Mackenzie Pai^eks 147
What can he know of Montiano's personal history or character,
yet he "endorses" him as if they had been old chums at college. He is
pleased to adopt Montiano as witness in his own cause, without
making the usual allowance for the peculiarity of his position at
St. Augustine. People generally, are not, in these days quite so credulous
or confiding, even in the ordinary affairs of life; and when conflicting
testimony is to be reconciled — depositions, and searching cross
examinations are preliminaries deemed, by the common consent of
mankind, quite essential for the eliciting of truth. Even our author
admits, that it is a comparison of all "the books and all the relics,
handed down by those who have preceeded us that the rational mind
must decide," also, that "when we first find such variations in events
of our own times, and under our own eyes, what confidence can we
attach to the statements of ancient days;" and again "it remained
for the profound scholars of France, Italy, and Germany in our day
to teach men how to understand history." Exactly so, but then this
is he alleges a special case, and he chooses roundly to assert that the
"pious soldier" was a singular exception to all other commanders
of ancient or modern times for "he wrote down what he saw or
heard in a spirit of candor fully and explicitly not to deceive his
superior;" "not written for the public eye, or for party effect," but
the confidential official reports of a "sub-ordinate to a superior, they
are entitled to the highest credence." What is here meant for "pious"
no one can mistake who reads his observations on the church of Rome
in Canada, in which we are told, "there are villages where the Priest
is with slight exceptions, the only residing white man" and he might
have safely added — only one degree more enlightened than the
savages among whom he sojourns. But really, after all, does the fact
that these reports were not intended for the "public eve" favor, in
a7iy way, the presumption that they were scrupulously drawn in
strict accordance with truth. That no one could, bv any possibility
contradict any statement he might please to make, is a strange argu-
ment to advance, — a very peculiar reason to give, why he should
not have been, in any one instance, tempted to make his reports
quadrate somewhat with his interests. A little coloring and shading
might have been expected from his prejudices; even admitting all
was written in good faith, Montiano was, it will not be contended, —
infallible, ajid it does not appear that during the seige he ever trusted
his person beyond the fort. Irrespective of all this, and granting for
a moment that it were distinctly proved, that he had not in his
character a slight dash of the braggart, is it at all likely, that he was
insensible to the glory of his King and Country, or to his own
148 The Mackenzie Papers
renown. Or that Montiano, a person of ability and experience situated
in a distant, important and insulated fortress surrounded by the ignorant
natives, must not have known right well ivhat sort of report would
be acceptible at headquarters. In the following November he was
made a Brigadier. Montiano might have required, at some time to
transmit copies of his reports to Cuba or even to Madrid & frame
them in conformity with his dispatches. It is difficult to account for
our author's unqualified belief in these documents "where the worm
has claimed its tribute in many perforations." He has a mighty
admiration of the pomp of the Roman ritual, can it be that he
regards them as series No. 2 of St. Augustine's confessions. Montiano
had a separate command. Florida was a dependency of that of Cuba
from their relations to each other politically and geographically, and
hence he applied there for aid and through the Governor or com-
municated with Europe. So that "if too great a variance from truth
would have been imprudent," he had little or nothing to apprehend
from that quarter and still less from the Bishops who ruled at Madrid,
and "it is well known, commanders never exaggerate their oucn killed
in battle, as the dimunition of an Army can always be accounted
for by returns less disagreeable to a commander's vanity." And it
may be enquired, could any situation, be conceived better calculated
than St. Augustine to seduce an ambitious soldier, into the error of
speaking partially, to his distant master, by exalting Spanish and
depreciating Anglo-Saxon valor. Even if they had discovered his
inaccuracies afterwards at Cuba, which is barely conceivable, it would
not have injured Montiano but would have been thought a very
venial error, at the worst, and attributed to his own anxiety to
promote the interest of his brethren in arms and to his dislike to
the heretics. They were perhaps something like the reports required
by the regulations of the Spanish service, but to hold them as the
reviewer does, as both official and confidential at the same time is
rather a strained and violent assumption. To call them ''confidential
official reports,'^ as he does involves an obvious and ludicrous con-
tradiction in terms. And if they had been confidential, would they
have been regularly filed and preserved? Anyone in the slightest
degree familiar with the historical records of that date, and espe-
cially with reports of battles, cannot fail to be struck with the
glaring contradictions and gross suppressions of truth that prevailed.
The \\hole truth and nothing but the truth did not then appear
to be considered prudent by despotic governments. And we all know
that the pride and hoastftdness of the Spanish character has been long
notoriously proverbial. But what then — our author boldly asserts
The Mackenzie Papers 149
that "Montiano has set down all with honest precision." To attempt
to run on our critic's "trail," is like pursuing the shadows of a shade.
He treats us with nothing but confident and gratituous assertions
(but such rubbish dont take in these parts) [crossed out in original].
This might be owing to a fancyless loose way of thinking, and
excused accordingly, — but surely it was unfair afid uncalled for
in paying a just tribute to the memory of A4ontiano and
his troops, also to repudiate and disparage Oglethorpe. The one
was snug in his fort, — the other exposed in the "open field."
And it appears that Montiano, when it suited his purpose, could
"say the thing that is not" as for instance, "when a Lieutenant of
Oglethorpe came with a deputation respecting runaway slaves in
April 1739" — but our critic seems to regard this deliberate false-
hood as a pious fraud — appearing to have no respect for the adage
falsum in iino falsum in omnibus. Florida he states is now a portion
of our union — no thanks to the Spaniards for that — and it is very
soothing for a citizen so to write in 1844, sitting under his vine
and under his fig tree and none to make him afraid, but he ought
in common decency to have had some little regard for the dreadful
sufferings his countrymen were made to endure when St. Augustine
was held by this Mojitiano when it was a nest for Privateers and
Pirates and when "these Spanish infantry" were in the habitual
practice of amusing themselves in ravaging the infant settlement of
Georgia and mercilessly butchering the defenseless inhabitants without
distinction of age or sex. Suppose, for example, that Florida still
belonged to Spain, that her Privateers were constantly seizing vessels
entering or leaving Charleston harbor, carrying them and their crews
to St. Augustine, plundering their property and immuring the citizens
in the "black hole" which we are facetiously told is the safest in
the fort and that proclamations were circulated and all other
means employed to encourage slaves to resort to Florida under a
promise in the King of Spains name — of freedom, protection and
support. Would such practices not be considered as extremely
atrocious, and would there not be a loud and unanimous burst of
indignation from the Potomac to the Sabine, and would not the
inhabitants of Charleston use all the means at their disposal to get
possession of the fort of St. Augustine. Meanwhile we might hear
"considerable" of the "despicable slave stealers" — "the cowardly
tallow faces."
Vide Petition to General Oglethorpe from inhabitants of New Inver-
ness, Jany. 1739.^'^ "The nearness of the Spaniards who have pro-
claimed freedom to all slaves who run away &cc." If our author's
150 The Mackenzik 1'ai'EKs
mind were not peculiarly constituted, he would have carefully
compared and scrutinized the whole of these reports, and as truth
is always consistent with itself, tested their internal evidence, and
applied this infallible standard. In the first place, it cannot fail to
strike everyone that Montiano deals exclusively in hearsay evidence,
which he professes to have derived from Indians. This was a safe
and convenient course for him to pursue — it pledged him to nothing
and could be retracted at pleasure. On 2 2d December "A cavalry
soldier (no name) came with the news that one of our Indians
had reported," and again, when things were looking serious on the
19th January he felt it advisable to report, that "it was discovered
these two (Indians) did not go half way." Without any trouble
he might have extended his discoveries in this way. Even when he
avers that he sent the Spaniards to examine, they saiv^ nothing, one
alarmed at the sound himself had made, fancied he heard a gun and
retreated, another could not see across the river for rain and fog.
It was not till the very last, when he felt he ivas safe and all risk over,
that he comes out on his own authority, and then he does flap his
wings and crow amazingly; he says "his wonder is inexpressible."
One would be apt to imagine, from reading the review that there
was no other witness but A4ontiano. Happily it is not so, and we
take the liberty of producing one of these and comparing his testimony
with that of the pious and ingenuous Montiano "who sets down all
with honest precision." He reports that on the 24th December "he
held a council to decide, whether it would be advisable to demolish
the fort of Diego or reinforce it and resolved to send a relief of
II men." He makes no more mention of it till the nth of June,
when to use the words of the critic, "he writes that Diego {not a
fort to be invested but merely the station of a picket) was assailed,
and that on the 13th the forjfial seige commenced." In Montianos
letter of 24th June (sent by an Indian) to the Governor of Cuba,
he makes no allusion to any loss at the cow-pen Diego, and appears
to have forgotten that such a place ever existed. In Roberts history
of Florida, London 1763,^^ it is stated that on 9th May Oglethorpe
set out from St. Johns River with his army consisting of 400 soldiers,
200 seamen and 300 Indians and marched to Fort Diego, 20 miles
farther up, which he took, makinjr the garrison prisoners of war.
But it may be contended that Roberts is not a sufficient authority
and that he was not with Oglethorpe. Be it so. We will call another,
and an unexceptionable witness, and let him speak for himself.'**
"I, who am a Captain in General Oglethorpe's regiment, was present
and acted on that occasion as Brigadier Major. As to the cow-pen,
The Mackenzie Papers 151
it is a square fort with 4 carriage & 4 swivel guns, and had a garrison
in it of 47 soldiers of regular troops and 7 negroes, who were all
made prisoners of war." But we have not done with Major Mackay,
as we do know positively that he was a gentleman of unimpeachable
veracity and of a family that even an aristocrat might well be proud.
Montiano reports that on 28 December (as usual on Indian authority)
"that on this day the fort of Picolata was attacked by 240 English
and Indians and that its garrison of seven men had defended it valiantly
from 10 A.M. till 5 P.M. and that the enemy were now retiring
disgracefully." The man who could cooly indite such preposterous
& incredible stuff, even although "not intended for the public eye"
must have been an arrant boaster of the very first magnitude. The
character of the renowned Captain Bob-adil-^ was a feeble concep-
tion in comparison to this. Shade of Colonel Crockett, what next!!
On the 21st January the next time, after this glorious defeat when
the 240 men after fighting 7 hours "by the clock" with 7 Spaniards
and then retiring disgracefully, that mention is made of fort Picolata,
"12 Indians assured Montiano that they found the fort in ashes, and
in the hands of the enemy." Oglethorpe afterwards advanced to fort
Musa [or Moosa], otherwise called Negroe fort, which he found
was deserted by the Spaniards, where he left a small party. (History
of Florida by Roberts) It was here that the Spaniards showed fight
for the first and last time beyond St. Augustine and that the ex-
pedition met a serious loss. Montiano writes to the Governor of Cuba
that on 25 June 300 of his troops attacked the fort of Moses &cc
and afterwards in commending the good conduct of his soldiers,
writes that Don A. Salgado who commanded entered the fort
sajely although this fort is capable of "'m.iich resistajice" and Montiano
savs rhc reviewer, "sets down all with honest precision." In relation
to this place being capable of much resistance Major Mackay states
"in regard to Colonel Palmers misfortune, he brought it on himself,
who was killed in the first fire from the Spaniards. He brought
it on himself, by disobeying the orders he received, which positively
enjoined his keeping the woods, and avoiding action, and by acting
contrary to the advice of the officers under his command, some of
whom were present when he received his orders — and lodging
himself in the Negroe fort Moosa, where they were surrounded
and defeated — The gates of lihich fort and the house ivithin it
the General (Oglethorpe) had before burnt. '''' That Salgado entered
safely a fort without gates is sufficiently evident. Whether after
the gates and the house within had been burnt it could be called
a fort admits of some question. It was not capable of preventing
152 The Mackenzie Papers
those within it from [being] suddenly surprised by a superior force.
The phrase, "capable of much defense," was under the circumstances
artfully chosen.
Major Mackay in the letter above quoted proceeds to state, "I
solemnly declare that I came (to England) at my own desire
by his (Oglethorpe's) leave, and I had no instruction from him
directly or indirectly concerning this affair, but my regard to truth,
and abhorrance of all false and malicious reports whatsoever, have
induced me to publish this, to which I set my name, signed Hugh
Mackay." Now here is a statement made to the world, and published
immediately after the event to which it relates, therefore intended for
the "public eye," not "confidential official" and let any man in-
sinuate, that it is not explicit, straight forivard and above board.
What after this very slight exposition, is to be thought of our
reviewer's flight to Bunker Hill where Greek met Greek, or of his
pompous, and ignorant remark that Montiano "wrote down on the
ground what he saw" or his contemptuous reference "to the vanity
of our Colonial forefathers and their own more flattering narrations."
There is no proba[bi]lity that Aiontiano "will be copied verbatim
for one hundred years; or ever have the force of prescription." Want
of space alone prevents us from animaadverting on several particulars
as for instance the "honest precision" with which our author is so
greatly taken. If he is a Captain of Militia, he may be able honestly,
it is hoped, to compliment his company on the precision with
which they have performed all their exercises. The epithet is an
appropriate one for drill. But to say with honest precision would
be infelicitious and absurd. We can guess at what he means, but
must take leave to protest — and to put in a special exception against
admitting that any array of dates, or minuteness of detail is proof
either of honesty of intention or of the existance of truth itself.
Let us illustrate this by an example, which will render the point
patent to the humblest capacity, by extracts from our author,
Montiano and the Dean of St. Patrick "They (Picolata, & Papo [Pupo]
had resisted several attacks, and if we had only this Spanish report,
there would be a possibility that their destruction was the work
of the Indians; the presence of white men, and vessels being exaggera-
tions of the Leoats." Next hear the author's apostle, the pious
Montiano. "The Indians returned who went out yesterday, and say
they went near to Picolata and could see nothing; afterwards it was
discovered that these two Indians did not go half way. The two
dragoons reconnoitered the Lake of Nicoloa and finding it unoccupied
returned." And lastly. Swift in Gulliver. "I again left my native
The Mackenzie Papers 153
country and took shipping in the Downs, on the 20th of June 1702,
in the Adventure, Captain John Nicholas, a Cornish man bound for
Sarat." In ^hich of the three quotations is there the greatest appear-
ance of truth, we ought rather to have said — amount of verisimiUtude.
The author we sincerh' hope is alive, the other two are dead, that's
a fact; Alontiano has this advantage over Swift, that his MSS "covers
several hundred sheets," and what our author seems to think greatly
in favor of "credence," "the ink in places has eaten through the
substance, on which it was laid to preserve a memorial." A memorial
of what? — Only think! Now, we are prepared [word missing] into
a reference before any enlightened Arbiter, in favor of the Dean
and to back him for a "high figure" against both the author and
iMontiano and give considerable odds.
But to prove, the culpable carelessness of the critic in the review
and his ignormice of his own trmislation all that is requisite is to
contrast his remarks in the passage above cited with Montianos MSS.
21st January at the head of Page 397. "That all about Picolata, were
many people in red coats, and that the said fort was in the hands
of the enemy, for they saw many people go out and in both above
and below [."] Also on the 29th December. "This same day ca7ne
one of the soldiers ivho was in the attack on the fort of Picolata'^ —
"that our damage was the wounding of the artilleryman" — and 8th
January. "T/?e artillerynmn wounded at Picolata died." Well, let
us be thankful for small mercies, even one is something from Montiano.
There can be ?io mistake. This requires no comment. Has he convicted
the author of the life of Oglethorpe of any erroneous statement what-
ever or of any blunder so palpable as this. People living in glass
houses should not throw stones. The author insinuates that he is a
great traveller, and that he had been to St. Augustine and Canada
and many people cannot say as much, but like others of his class,
he must have observed little and read less, if he is ignorant that there
still exists "quite" a number of educated individuals of all grades,
who ha^^e a large manner of speaking and of writing, who deal
usually in the marvelous, and draw on their imagination for their
facts. If he had been at all aware of this, he might perhaps in addition
have recollected that Montiajio is not the first Spaniard who has
written lies to himself. But we have done with him for the present.
When all the authorities are adduced, and the evidences thoroughly
sifted, it will then and not till be ascertained correctly if Montianos
MSS. is worthy of credit or can be rehed on even for dates and
collateral facts. To assert, in our author's reckless way, without a
calm, patient and solemn investigation what it is or is not might
154 The Mackenzie Papers
be deemed premature. Otherwise one would be very apt to regard
it prima facie as an audacious fabrication, aye rotten to the very core.
To be co7itinued
Saturday, Edinburgh 2d November
This I hope will let you know my opinion right or wrong of the
article on Florida and to a certain extent of the Spanish MSS — so far
at least as I have had time to go, having yet only broken ground.
We are poor, very poor here in Colonial history, but the annual
sales of Books begins immediately and I will see if anything can
be picked up. On reading over what is written above I perceive
many thing [s] in the language that requires correction. My doing
so, would involve the writing of a fair copy, which would be more
trouble than the thing is worth. Besides the post leaves at 9 PM and
1 am more wishful you should get it tiow, with all its imperfections,
thaji later in a correct form. I think right to say that since 1 got the
Review, our preachings have intervened. So that three days or rather
evenings is all the time I have had to make these hasty remarks, which
were prepared from a few brief notes. I have made no copy. When
you get this let me hear from you. Of course there are many things to
which I have not adverted at all. Meanwhile send me a newspaper
by Post. I hope Clay will be President. But I dislike his tariff opinions.
They are all very well to the extent of 10 or 15 P.C. but 40 or 50
is robbing Peter to pay Paul — down right plunder and spoilation
of the Planters. I am informed that the consumption of cotton here
has attained its maximum, we spin a finer article but do not use more
cotton. Ever yours
[margin note] Have you got "The Report of the Committee of
Assembly in South Carolina, appointed to enquire into the Causes
of the disappointment in the expedition against St. Augustine"^^ i/6d.
/ have not. It is a little remarkable that the letter of Hugh Mackay,
to which I recollect I before called your attention, was written in
reply to an anonymous attack on Oglethorpe written in Charleston,
S. Ca. I do not think if the author of the critic had read the early
history of Georgia or Carolina — he would be ashamed of himself,
1 mean he ought to be. The light taunting way he speaks of them
is enough to drive one mad. The "dratted crittur."
To William B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
Backett Place, Edinburgh 1844
November
Extract from a work in the Advocates Library, Marked E 138b,
entitled "The History of the British Dominions in North America,
The Mackenzie Papers 155
&CC, in 14 books. London 1773. quarto.-- Under the head of Georgia,
1737, page 158, "When the Spanish court in 1737, still aggravated
their differences with the English, Don Thomas Geraldino, the
Spanish ambassador at the Court of London, presented a memorial,
demanding all the land to the 33 degree and 30 minutes of north
latitude in North America and required the government to order
the English subjects to withdraw; but if this could not be done,
insisting that at least no troops should be sent there; and particularly
remonstrated against the return of Mr. Oglethorpe who was then in
England; for the Spaniards dreaded the military abilities of that
accomplished gentleman, who had served under the illustrious Prince
Eugene, both as Secretary and aide de Camp to his highness in the
Turkish wars; and that at the particular recommendation of the great
John Duke of Marlborough. At the same time intelligence was
received from Commodore Dent, who commanded his Britannic
Majesty's ships at Jamaica, from Governor Bull, who commanded
in Carolina; that the Spaniards at the Havanna were preparing em-
barkations, and 3,000 men to invade Carolina; whereupon his Britannic
Majesty immediately appointed Mr. Oglethorpe general of his forces
in Carolina and Georgia, ordered him to raise a regiment, and repair
there. His Excellency arrived in time to prevent the execution of the
Spanish designs, although a considerable number of their troops
had already got to Augustine. (1739) When reprisals were known
to have been published by his Britannic Majesty against the King
of Spain, a party of the garrison of Augustine came up, and surprised
two Highlanders upon the island of Amelia, cut off their heads,
and mangled their bodies with great inhumanity. General Ogle-
thorpe went immediately in pursuit of them and with such expedition,
that he followed them by land and water, above 100 miles in less
than 24 hours; but they escaped. The General, however, by way
of reprisal, passed the river at St. A4atheo, or the St. John's, into
Florida, drove in the guards of Spanish horse posted upon that
river, and advanced as far as a place called the Canallas [Lacanela];
at the same time sending Captain Dunbar with a party up the river
St. Matheo to reconnoiter a fort called Pickolata, near that river
upon the lakes of Florida 20 miles from the sea, which they attacked
but were repulsed having no artillery; however, they accomplished
the intentions of General Oglethorpe as they had well reconnoitered
both that place, and another fort called St. Francis, upon the same
lakes. (1740) General Oglethorpe in January returned to Frederica
where he met with Captain Warren (the late Sir Peter Warren, an
excellent officer) who was latch' arrived with the Squirrel man
156 The Mackenzie Papers
of war. When their consultation was concluded Captain Warren
went and cruised off the Bay of Augustine while General Oglethorpe
with a detachment of troops on board of the boats, and some
artillery, went up the lakes of Florida, rowing by day, sailing by
night; so that he attacked the two forts of Pickalata and St. Francis
which he took the same day. From the information of the prisoners,
which confirmed the other accounts the General had of the weak
condition of Augustine, he sent up to Charles Town to desire the
assistance of the people of Carolina and to consult measures with
[2 or 3 words missing 1 of the men of war, in order immediately
to blockade Augustine before the Spaniards could receive provisions
and assistance from Cuba, which if properly executed, the place must
be soon reduced in all probability. Augustine was then the principle
town of strength in Spanish Florida situated at the mouth of the
river Matanzas about 20 leagues south of the river St. Matheo or
St. John's the boundary of Georgia. The Spanish inhabitants had
shown great indications of their inclination to infest the people
of Carolina; for, by ingenuous artifices, they had long been attempting
to raise an insurrection among the slaves of that colony, which
was effected in September 1739 and 23 of the white inhabitants
massacred in a most cruel and barbarous manner; but the provincial
militia repelled the Indians who were openly encouraged by the
Spaniards, so that the British colonists look upon St. Augustine in
the same manner their mother country had formerly done by the
African Salee, as a den of thieves and ruffians and a receptacle of
debtors and slaves to whom, by a proclamation published at Augustine
they had promised freedom and protection, upon their desertion
from the English. Such a proceeding awakened the attention of all
the inhabitants of Carolina, where all those who had life and
property at stake were sensibly shocked at such a danger daily
impending over their heads. To aggravate their concern, they had
information that the remainder of the preparations made at the
Havanna in 1737 for invading Carolina were then readied for that
purpose. Prompted by such strong incentives, the Lieutenant Governor,
the Council, assembly and inhabitants [word missing] were ready to
assist General Oglethorpe upon an enterprise so promising of success,
and so likely to destroy all their fears from the incursions of the
Spaniards in those remoter parts of the British North American
continent. The Indian nations before mentioned, with difficulty were
gained by General Oglethorpe to assist in the war against the Spaniards
and the obstacle was so much the more because the Creeks had
frequent intercourse and friendship with them, but the General by
The Mackenzie Papers 157
sending them the marks of blood shed by the Spaniards and acquaint-
ing the Indians that the Spaniards had killed some of his men upon
the land which the Creeks had by treaty conceded to the English;
those Indians conceived themselves injured in their rights of hos-
pitality, and sent to demand justice of the Governor of Augustine,
who ill treated their messengers; upon which they solemnly engaged
to assist the English in the war against their Spanish enemies. When
the war broke out, there was but one regiment of regular troops,
consisting of 600 men, commanded by General Oglethorpe and the
country to be then defended was of above about [sic] 400 miles
extent, upon the sea coast. In Carolina there was a militia of about
9000 men and the armed people of Georgia were about 1500, but
as there were about 40,000 negro slaves in Carolina, it was esteemed
a difficult task to contain such a number of negroes in their duty,
if the Spaniards should actually invade. General Oglethorpe therefore
thought that the most prudent way of defending such a great extent
of country was, by attacking the Spaniards; in which opinion the
assembly of Carolina concurred, for if that small body of troops
were to be dispersed to defend all parts of the country, they would
have been but a handful, easily subdued in each place, and the slaves
of Carolina might have revolted, if favored by an invading enemy;
but if the British colonists acted offensively, the slaves would not
be able, nor think of stirring when they saw their masters had
power to invade their enemies; the Indians would join them and
the Spaniards be prevented from attacking — by being forced to
defend. There still subsisted among the Spaniards in America a
strong fealty for the House of Austria. Some of these were men
of quality of Mexico, and then officers in Augustine, sent there
because they were in disgrace; a command at that distance being
among them in the nature of a banishment. General Oglethorpe
had frequent intercourse with some of those principle officers,
whom he had influenced entirely to his interest; and, at that time,
received intelligence, by some considerable people in the garrison
of Augustine of the state and condition of the town, which was then
in want of provisions; and their half-gallies were gone to Cuba
to carrv over men and provisions; so that the river St. Augustine
was undefended, according to those accounts. General Oglethorpe
in January acquainted the assembly, that if they could by March
following, join the troops upon the river St. Matheo, or St. John's
with six hundred white men, a troop of horse, another of rangers
and 600 negroes for pioneers, with a proper train of artillery and
necessaries, as they had promised to do, there might be a probability
158 The Mackenzie Papers
of taking Augustine at least, a certainty of preventing the Spaniards
from undertaking anything against Carolina, provided the men of
war would block up the port of Augustine from receiving succors
by sea. When General Oglethorpe imparted this material intelligence
to the assembly of Carolina, they voted to support him with a sum
of money equal to what was wanted; but delayed so long that the
General was obliged to go up himself to Charles Town and hasten
them in their resolutions. Captain Warren came also into the port
of Charles Town with his squadron, to consult measures for the
expedition; but the assembly through their supinitv and inactivity,
delayed them so long, that the month of March had passed before
thc\' had concluded anything, so that by the time they had passed
their act, and before they would permit the General to set out, the
ship of war, which had been posted there until Captain Warren's
return, left the station off the bar of Augustine and the half-gallies
got into the harbor, with succors of provisions and men from the
Havanna, which was certainly the principal thing which contributed
to the preservation of the place. Captain Warren uninformed of the
arrival of the gallies, went and lay off the port of Augustine to
prevent their coming in; but in the dark of a calm night, 6 half-
gallies came out from Augustine and attacked him to his great
surprise. Notwithstanding the great superiority they had, by the
weight of their cannon, which carried double the shot his guns
did, the number of their men, and the advantage a calm gives to
rowing vessels. Captain Warren defended himself beyond all ex-
pectation or hope; but the wind sprung up in the morning, when
he sunk one of the gallies, and drove the others into port. General
Oglethorpe set out from Charles Town greatly disgusted at the
dilatory proceedings of the assembly, which was influenced by the
Spanish party, and had confined him so long from the proper time
for action; but upon his arrival in Georgia he iitnnediately draughted
500 men of his regi?fient, and left the rest to take care of the Georgia
coast; he also raised a company of loo men from the highland part
of the colony, two troops of rangers of 6o each, and loo boatmen
from the other inhabitants. The General passed St. John's river with a
party of his regiment and some Indians, as did those headed by
Moloch i [Malatchi], son to Brim, late emperor of the Creeks, the
Raven, Mar-King of the Cherokees; and Tooaniahowi fToonahowi]
nephew to King Tomo-Chichi. They landed in Florida upon the
loth of May, expecting the levies and pioneers from Carolina. They
not arriving and as the first thing necessary to be done, was to take
the forts that kept open the communication with the Spaniards with
The Mackenzie Papers 159
the country, the General impatient of losing time, after a march of
30 miles invested and took Fort Diego, about 3 leagues from Augus-
tine, among meadows which were well stocked with cattle and
commanded a passage on the river Diego, half way between Augustine
and the river St. Matheo. After a small skirmish for some hours, the
garrison surrendered prisoners of war, and delivered up the fort
with eleven pieces of cannon. The garrison consisted of a Captain
and 57 regulars, beside Indians and Negroes, which dreaded the
attack. Soon after, 400 men commanded by Col. Van Der Dussen
arrived from Carolina, but without any horse, rangers or pioneers.
About that time arrived a body of Cherokee Indians; as also Capn.
Dunbar, with a party of Chickasaws and the rangers and Highlanders
from Georgia under Captain Aiackintosh. In the meanwhile. Com-
modore Pierce in the Flamborough, Capn. Warren in the Squirrel,
Capn. Fanshaw in the Tartar, and Capn. Townshend in the Phoenix
of 20 guns, with Sir Yelverton Peyton in the Hector of 40 guns,
Capn. Laws in the Spence and Dandridge in the Wolf sloop — ar-
rived off St. Matheo or St. John's to assist upon the Expedition.
The General went on board the Commodore where a consultation
was held, and it was agreed to anchor off Augustine and to attempt
an entry into the harbor. The General immediately marched by
land and in 3 days arrived at Moosa, a fort which the Spaniards
had built for the deserted Negroes from Carolina, and given them
some adjoining lands. His Excellency made a forced march with
a small detachment because he had received private intelligence
from his party among the Spaniards, that he might have the Town
delivered to him; but he insisted upon hostages from them, before
he would agree to this proposal, and appointed the place of meeting
near to Coovo, in a wood about a mile from Augustine and 2 miles
from Moosa. The General went there with a select party of men,
who continued there until the appointed time was long elapsed; but
as no person appeared, the General went to reconnoitre as far ^5" the
icorks of Augustine and joimd that the lines fro?7i Coovo to the Town
ivere all fiill of troops, very alert, so that finding the design
disappointed though then not knowing how, he returned to his
party, ordered the drums to beat that those who had promised
him might know that he had not failed on his side, and then marched
back to Moosa. Upon the break of day the General saw that the men
of war did not come in to the harbor and the provisions that were
to come up had not arrived, upon which his Excellency marched
back to the headquarters at Diego, and sent on board the Com-
modore to know what had occasioned the disappointment of their
160 'f^ii^ Mackenzie Pai'eks
not mastering the harbor. The Commodore acquainted him, that
there was a battery upon the island of Anastasia which defended
the entry; therefore he desired the General to send a body of
troops to land under favor of the men of war, upon the island;
and he would send the small vessels into the harbor, which was
too shallow to admit the men of war. The General then marched
to the coast, and embarked with a party of 200 men. He had before
sent the Highlanders, rangers and a party of Indians, under Col.
Palmer, with orders to be in the woods near Augustine and hinder
the Spanish parties from coming out by land; but with positive
orders not to come to any general action, if they could avoid
it; nor to be two nights in the same place. His Excellency also
posted the Carolina new raised men at point Cartel [Quartell], which
makes the mouth of the harbor opposite the island of Anastasia;
and this he did, because they would be safe there, being divided
from Augustine and covered from any sally that could be made
bv the garrison. The General then came up to the Commodore,
with whom he held a consultation; after which Capn. Warren
generously offered to land with a party of seamen; and to prevent
all difficulties of rank, the General gave him a commission to command
as Lieutenant Colonel. The Spaniards made a disposition to defend
the island; for they had about 11 00 men in garrison out of which
they could pass over as many as they thought proper to Anastasia;
but the English had not boats enough to land above 500 men at
once. The General however, resolved to carry the landing. He saw
the Spaniards were advantageously posted behind the sand hills,
covered by the battery upon the island and the fire from the
gallics, which lay in shoal water, where the men of war could
not come; therefore his Exxellency ordered the heavy boars to
stay, and seem as if they intended to land near them, while he
with Capn. Warren and the pinnaces, rowed with all the speed
they could to the southward, for about 2 miles. The Spaniards
ran behind the sand hills to strive to prevent them, but before
they could come up in any order, the boats got near enough to
the shore. The General and Capn. Warren, with a party of seamen
and Indians, leaped into the water breast high, landed and took
possession of the sand hills. The Spaniards retired in the utmost
confusion to the battery; but were pursued so vigorously, that they
irere drove out of the battery into the sea; some sheltering them-
selves on board the half-gallies, which retired under the castle of
Augustine, while the English boats and small crafts entered the
harbor. Being masters of Anastasia, it was found that the river
The Mackenzie Pai'ehs 161
which runs between that island and the castle, near which
the town lies, was too wide to batter in breach, but the town was
not fortified on the water side, as the Spaniards were convinced
that the island could not be taken, and expected the attack to have
been made from the land side, where they were well fortified and
prepared for defejjse. It was then resolved to attempt to cross the
river, and land near the town. What the General had said was now
proved "that if the attempt had been begun before the half-gallies
came from Cuba, the English troops would have found no difficulty
in landing on that part of the town where no intrenchments were
made; but now the half-gallies were a floating battery in a wide
ditch; so that there was no possibility of landing without first
taking or driving them away." Many consultations passed for this
purpose but none could take effect, although General Oglethorpe
offered to attack the enemy with the boats of the squadron. Little
hopes were then conceived but from famine; for the Spaniards
who were in the Austrian interest and intended to deliver up that
place, had been suspected, if not discovered and it is strongly
suspected, by the means of a field-officer,^^ afterwards punished
in England for exhibiting a malicious charge against his general.*
This was one great disappointment; — but the half-gallies and
succors got in from Cuba was a much greater impediment. 36 pieces
of cannon, together with planks for batteries and all other necessaries,
with 400 pioneers, were to have come from Carolina, but only 12
pieces of cannon arrived; which, for want of planks for batteries,
being obliged to fire upon the sand, soon broke their carriages to
pieces, and could not be repaired. The Spaniards, on the other side,
had surprised the party sent to watch them under Col. Palmer
who had indiscretely — and against orders, lodged themselves and
continued in the fort of Moosa, which the General had demolished,
purposely that no refuge should be taken in so weak a place. Beside,
this detachment was intended for a scouting party, to shun any
engagements, and prevent the Spaniards from driving cattle into
the town. The Spaniards took several prisoners at A4oosa, basely
insulted the bodies of the dead, and would have inflicted cruelties
on their prisoners, one of whom was an Indian named Nicolausa,
whom they delivered over to the Yamassee Nation, to bum him
(Footnote: *It is certain those old Spanish revolutionaries were detected
in their design to deliver up the castle to General Oglethorpe, as above
mentioned; but before the time of meeting, as appointed, the Spanish
gentlemen were massacred in the castle, to the eternal disgrace of some
persons whom General Oglethorpe had honored with his confidence, and
a principal Officer in his own regiment.)
162 The Mackenzie Pai'Eks
alive; but General Oglethorpe on that account sent a drum with
a message to the governor, from the hidian King of the Cherokees,
acquainting him, that if he burnt Nicolausa, he would burn a
Spanish horseman, whom he had taken prisoner; the General also
mentioned "that as the Governor was a gentleman and a man of
honor, he was persuaded that he would put an end to the barbarous
usage of that country; and expected from the generosity of a
Spanish gentleman, he would prevent insults to the bodies of the
dead, and cruelties to prisoners; — and he rather wished it, lest he
should be forced, much against his inclination, to retaliation which
the Governor must know, he was very able to make, since his
prisoners greatly exceeded those made by the Spaniards." Upon
which the Governor submitted not to hurt Nicolausa, though the
Spanish Indians pretended to charge him with desertion, it was
agreed that the Indians on both sides should be treated as prisoners
of war, so that an end might be put to their barbarous custom of
burning the unhappy wretches that unfortunately fell into their
hands. General Oglethorpe continued bombarding the place until
the regular troops came over from the island to the land side, and
the Carolina militia were removed from Cartel [Quartell] to iVnastasia.
It was agreed upon the 23d of June that Captain Warren, Avith the
boats from the men of war, the two sloops hired by General Ogle-
thorpe and the CaroUna vessels with their militia, should attack the
half-gallies; and that upon a signal given the General should attack
the trenches upon the land side. This was a desperate measure, yet
it was pursued; for the whole troops belonging to the beseigers,
including even the seamen, were much inferior in number to the
garrison. The Town was also covered on one side by a castle, with
four bastions and 50 pieces of cannon, froi?/ v:hence they run an
entrenchment^ jlanked with several saliant angles, to fort Coovo,
ivhich lay upon the river St. Sebastian. This entrenclnnent crossed
the neck of land from the river Anastasia to that of St. Sebastian,
and entirely covered the tonxn fro?n the land. Upon this the General
drew in all the strength he possibly could, and sent for the garrison
he had left at Diego. Being joined by them and the Creek Indians,
and having made a sufficient number of fascines, short ladders,
provided all other necessaries for attacking the entrenchments, and
brought up 66 cohorns, he received notice that the Commodore had
resolved to delay the attack. Sickness had spread among the troops,
and the Commodore was obligede to quit the coast. The Spaniards
had received a strong reinforcement from Cuba; and upon this all
hopes of taking the place by famine ceased. The squadron sailed,
The Mackenzie Papers 163
the Carolina troops marched away, and the General brought up
the rear. The garrison made an unsuccessful sally but the General
demolished the Spanish forts, which were erected in proper passes
to hinder the invasion of the Creek Indians, whereby all the plan-
tations were destroyed and laid open; so that the Spaniards could
not possess anything out of the reach of the cannon of Augustine.
(Pages 158 to 166 inclusive).
In Adairs history,-^ London, 1775, you will find a long and in-
teresting account of your Indians. I shall make one or two extracts.
"They are exceedingly pointed against our methods of war and
conferring of titles. By the surprising conduct of a Georgia Governor
both the Muskohge and Cherake, who attended our army in the
war before the last against St. Augustine have entertained, and will
continue to have the meanest opinion of the Carolina martial dis-
position, till by some notable brave actions, it wears off. The
Indians concluded that there was treachery in our letting prisoners
of distinction return to the fort, to put the rest on their guard, and
in our shutting up the batteries for 4 or 5 days successively, not
having our cannon dismounted, nor annoying the enemy but having
flags of truce, frequently passing and repassing. They said it was
plain to their eyes we only managed a sham fight with the Spaniards,
and they became very uneasy and held many conferences about our
friendly intercourse with the garrison, concluding that we had
decoyed them down to be slaughtered, or delivered to the Spaniards."
Also — "that we gave them only a small quantity of bad food, and that
thev were obliged to drink saltish water. P. 399. I formerly went
volunteer about 600 miles through the country with a great body of
Indians against this place (St. Augustine) P. 456. Adair speaks of
the "inherent ardent desire the Spaniards always had to oppose the
English nation," he likewise mentions "The Muskohge will not allow
the inhabitants of Georgia to drive cattle to those places (Pensacola
& Mobile) for the use of the soldiers. Neither can the Northern
merchantmen supply them with salt and fresh provisions, but at a
very unequal hazard, for the Gulph stream would oblige them to
sail along the Cuba shore where they would be likely to be seized
by the Spanish gard costas, as have many fine American vessels,
on the false pretense of smuggling, and which by a strange kind
of policy, they have been allowed to keep as legal prizes."
In Major Hugh Mackay's letter in Scots Magazine for November
1740. P. 528. He states "With respect to the Carolina volunteers;
that they did go away is certain, without leave given or asked — and
their Captain with them. A captain of the Carolina regiment also
164 The Mackenzie Papers
left his command in the guard of the trenches, without being relived,
or asking any leave, and went with them" Also — the morning after
we landed upon the island of Anastasia, I stood by while Captn.
Warren read to General Oglethorpe a letter to Capt. Pearse then
Commodore, acquainting him of landing without any loss, and the
Spaniards withdrawing from that island; on which Captn. Warren
said, all that was now necessary to secure the reduction of the place
was the taking of the Spanish galleys; which undertaking he would
himself head with the Kings boat under the cannon of the fort —
if he would give him leave. Several councils of war were held on
board his Majesty's ships by the sea captains; but Captn. Warren's
proposition was not undertaken."
I perceive many notices in the journals of date 1738 and 1739,
mentioning that Spain was encreasing her forces in America. I shall
make one extract from a Brochure in the Advocates Library 4.19.
London 1740 P. 31. "In Cuba the Spaniards had last summer 3000,
they called them 5000, regular troops; and they had 3 or 4 men of
war at the Havanna. In Jamaica we had last summer, but 8 inde-
pendent companies of 100 men each, if complete. The Governor of
Jamaica furnished the Admiral Vernon with a few land forces. Had
a sufficient number of land-forces been sent out last September, we
might by this time have been in full possession of Mexico, as well
as the Isthmus of Darien."
Roberts, in his history of Florida states, that during the seige of St.
Augustine, the Spaniards received a supply from Cuba, which was
brought up the A4atanzas river, and landed safely at the south of
the Town, as that communication was open to the begeiged, for
the beseigers were not strong enough to invest the whole place.
In looking into a Spanish work, I observe that St. Augustine has
had in all 20 Governors; Juan Ponce de Leon was the first, some
of the earlier ones it will be unnecessary to trouble you with. You
will see who built the wall around the Town and who completed
the castle; the words "muralla," and "perfecciono" can admit of no
dispute. A4y old dictionary renders "Muralla, a solid great wall,
as that of a town, castle or the like; a common wall is pared"
Advocates Library E 133 e. Diccionario Geografico — Historico de
las Indias Occidentales a America &c ecrito porel coronel Don An-
tonio de Alcedo &c Tomo ii Madrid 1787 — 5th Pedro Menendez de
Aviles &cc Capitan general de la Armada de la guardia de Indias,
fundador de la Ciudad a St. Augustin y de otros Pueblecillos, volsio a
Espana el ano de 1572. P. 146 — 14th. Governor, Don Laureano de
Terrcs y ayala, que fue el que hizo al muralla de la 'Ciudad de San
The Mackenzie Papers 165
Augiistin, entro a el gobierno el ano de 1693. — 15th. Don Joseph de
Zuniga y la Cerda, que perfecciono el castillo y defendio la Ciudad
invadida per los Ingleses, gobeirno con credito el ano de 1708. 16. Don
Francisco de Corcoles Martinez. 17. Don Juan de Ayala, Sargento May-
or de la Plaza St. Augustin quedo gobemando interinamente por
haber concluido su gobierno y embarcadose para Espana cl anterior.
18. Don Antonio de Benavides, Esento de la compania Espanola de
Reales Guardias de corps, nombrado Gobernador el ano de 17 19,
y satisfecho el Rey de los grandes servicios que habia hecho le
prorogo quando cumplio por seis anos el gobierno hasta el ano
de 1730. — 19. Don Manuel de Montiano, capitan de Granaderos de
Regimento de Infanteria de Aragon graduado de Coronel que se
acredito en la defensa que hizo el ano de 1740, paso promovido el de
1749 a el gobierno de Tierra-Firme, graduado de Mariscal de Campo.
2oth. Don Lucas Fernando Palacios, Caballero del orden re Alcantara,
Comendador en la Calatrava, Mariscal de Campo de los reales Exer-
citos, que habia servido con extraordinario credito des de Cadete hasta
Capitan en el Regiminto de Guardias Espanoles, fue nombrado
Gobernador de la Florida el ano de 1758, y exercio el empleo hasta
el de 1762 que fue muerto por los Indios en una salida que hizo
contra ellos fue el ultimo Gobernador por que el ano seguiente cedio
la corte aquel pais al Rey de Inglaterra en la paz Versalles, y aunque
despues lo recobro en a de Paris el de 1783, quedo este gobierno baxo
del mando del Commandante general de la Luisiana P. 147. Previously
to my having perused the pragmatical article on Florida I had believed
that the fortifications of Augustine were of a much older date and
that "Ce fut Menendez, Chevalier de St. Jacques que chassa les
Francais de ce pays en 1565, s'en empara au nom de Philippe II,
Roi d'Espagne et fit constriere le fort St. Aiigiistin.''^ Histoire Modeme
vol. 19th, a Paris, 1771, lid, P. 305.
November 15th
My Dr. Sir,
I hope the above extracts will not be parman in Mtilto; if so it
is of no use mv doing anything else here. I am groping in the dark.
Nothing vexes me more, than that I should have so far forgotten my-
self as to have written you by last mail, and inflicted on you mv crudi-
ties, particularly as I am not conversant with such matters. Now, on
reflection, I must retract the charge of stupidity I brought against
the worthy man — he is so sublimely absurd as to be quite amusing.
With this one remark I leave him, and trust you will indulgently
remember, that I had no time to consider my first impressions, or
to correct what I had written, ever yours
166 The Mackenzie Papers
[P.S.] / avt informed that cotton v^ill rise in a feiv vtonths from
this time; this is the opinion of a friend of mine who intends to
purchase next week on speculation.
You will see an account of Oglethorpe's invasion of Florida in
Beatsons Naval and Military Memoirs. I will send out the Book bye
and bye.-^ I observe in the Scots Magazine a despatch by Sutherland
containing a full narrative of all the events relative to the invasion
of Georgia in 1742.'*' Montiano was there. I see in Wynne's history
of the British empire, London 1770 That the Carolinians were at
war with the Yamassees, and drove them and the Spaniards with a
Friar into St. Augustine. It has rather a good article on the history
of your colony. No doubt you know that the Spaniards gave a
commission and a coat faced with velvet to one of the runaway
negroes.
To William B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
[part of a letter]
that no record exists at the Horse Guards regarding Oglethorpe's
trial on the charges of Lt. Col. Wm. Cooke. I here copy what I did
obtain, premising that A'Ir. Coleman writes that it is all they have [in]
this connection. He has manifested the greatest willingness to get all
that I wished [by] examining the Journals of his department.
"War Office, 23d October 1845. ist Mem. — Brigadier General
James Oglethorpe's Regiment of foot consisting, of 7 Companies,
each Company of 100 men, was disbanded in 1748 and part of
them formed 24 February 1749 into the Georgia and South Carolina
Independent Companies. — Patrick Sutherland was appointed a Lieu-
tenant in Oglethorpe's Regiment 25 December 1740. Captain Lieu-
tenant in Do. 30th July 1745. Captain in Do. 25th April 1747. The
Corps was disbanded in 1748 and the Regiment reformed and de-
nominated the Georgia and South Carolina Companies. Captain
Patrick Sutherland was brought from the half pay of Oglethorpe's
Regiment, to be Captain of the 45th Regiment 24th February 1749/50,
then stationed in America. He continued in this Regiment until
22 March 1761, when he was promoted to the rank of Major in
the 77th Regiment also stationed in America at that time. At the
peace of 1763, this officer was placed on half pay at the
disbandment of the Regiment. It appears that Major Patrick Suther-
land died about the year 1766." If the above contains anv information
that is new, it may form a key to more interesting particulars con-
cerning the Hero of the "bloody ground," by ascertaining the
services and various engagements of the Georgia and South Carolina
The Mackenzie Papers 167
companies and of the 45 and 77 Regiments during the dates above
mentioned. The materials for doins^ so [are?] patent to all, but I
will keep this point in view, and inform you if I learn anything
additional. Did I know in what manner to proceed, I am most anxious
to assist you in your historical researches. But this is easier said
than done, as I have recently experienced to my disappointment.
Otherwise I too would like to mingle my feeble voice in the olden
cry»— "stand aside and let old Chatham speak." I dare say you
will wonder, where I got this — in a newspaper sent me from [an]
Auguata, Ga. friend with your signature appended to an Agri-
cultural address.-^ I enclose a letter from the Earl of Eglinton for
Mr. Teft, as a species of apology for not doing something in his
way when in London. Tell him what the Booksellers told me, "if
you want really to get anything do give an order, and mention
what particular Books you desire to have, otherwise it is of no use."
Let him do likewise, and I will see what I can do, but not till then.
Say to that gentleman, he may make whatever use of the Earls
letter he pleases as his Lordship knows that I purpose sending it
to the United States.-^ I am particular in stating this as I regularly
burn all the letters I receive as soon almost as I get them. Such is
considered here to be the proper course, unless the letter is written
for any public purpose. I had intended to have looked into some
of the French Histories of Louisiana to learn what they said about
the forts near Georgia, but other more pressing and inviting avocations
interposed to prevent me from pursuing this design. I did not go
to Fulham, having been informed that the library there is almost
entirely theological. At Lambeth Palace Library I again saw an interest-
ing old Pamphlet from which I made some extracts. A copy of it is in
the Advocates Library. I remember I gave you some quotations from
it wherein Georgia and Oglethorpe are mentioned. This you got last
year. It is entitled "A state of the rise and progress of our disputes
with Spain and of the conduct of our Ministers relating thereto."
London 1739 8vo. p.76.^^ At this time (1731) our ministers informed
Mr. Keane (D. of N. lett. 18 Nov. 173 1) "That far from the Dis-
orders ceasing, the numbers of Spanish Privateers, or rather Pirates,
under the denomination of Guarda Castas increases daily, and that the
gain which the Spanish Governors in America make by countenancing
these unlawful practices, and sometimes being themselves sharers in
the fitting out of those Privateers is such a temptation that unless
the Court of Spain takes some effectual Method bv punishing those
who have most notoriously offended in that way there will never
be an end of the unjustifiable, and as it too frequently happens,
168 The Mackenzie Papers
Barbarous practices." And about a month after (D. of N. lett. 9 Dec.
173 1 ) they order him "to observe to the Spanish Minister, that
a ship having been employed in an unlawful trade is a pretence that
will always be alleged." He is to put them in mind of the undue
and indeed Barbarous Methods used by the captors to procure
pretended proofs of such unlawful trade, as the putting clandestinely
Spa^iish money or goods on board, and the cajoling some of
the crew, and even using threats and Torture to make them give
False Evidence against the Captains and owners" and he is also to
insist that such practices may be prevented and punished, and where
it plainly appears upon the state of the Case, that there is no colour
for this Allegation of unlawful Commerce, the order may be positive
for immediate restitution." P. 11 & 12.
Yours,
[Postmarked, Briston, 1845. via Boston Steamer.]
To William B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
10 South Castle Street, Edinburgh
2 July 1845
My Dear Sir,
I have stowed away my furniture and come over here for con-
venience of the children going to school. I wrote you by the last
steamer, informing you that I intend to leave this for London at the
end of the month. I has occurred to me that in case by any accident
my letter should not reach you — it may be as well to send you
a few lines. My address in London is to Robert Liston, Esq. 5 Clifford
Street, Now, if there is any thing you think I can do in that city
either for you personally or for the Historical Society — I need
scarcely assure you that it will afford me great pleasure. Without
some directions or instructions you will perceive, that it is
impossible for me to be of the smallest use. If I knew what your
requirements are I might perhaps be of service. If there are any
important or doubtful or disputed points in Georgia history re-
quiring elucidation, I will give you lots of quotations from different
authors to whose works I can have access. It will employ me during
leisure hours, or a very bad day. What a pity you have no catalogue.
This is a serious-a grievous want. My Scotch habits cause me to
dislike duplicates. In this way I am "in a fix up to the hub." I
sincerely trust that you have made no absolute engagement with
Mr Lemon''" or any one relative to the obtaining of copies of the
Georgia records in the state paper office. Before proceeding farther
in that vital business, I humbly think that it would be proper and
The Mackenzie Papers 169
necessary to have it first distinctly ascertained which is the most
expedient and economical method to pursue and in initiabilis "to
count the cost." I am told that the charges in that office are
exorbitant, and that they make exactions for authentication of docu-
ments. This may be all very well in a small way and among British
subjects, but for a large concern such as yours, the case is different,
and would amount to an alarming figure. I don't want to pay, —
whoever may ultimately bear this burden, — I am not disposed
to give one cent more than can be legally demanded. If the British
government are mean enough to insist on "certain usual fees" being
exacted, it would at least be prudent to see what they will "figure
up," and also, if under peculiar circumstances they may not be
dispensed with, I am rather inclined to hope, that all you want can
be done for the mere expense of transcription, and that the heavy
part of the expense — that is the office fees, will not be charged,
pro\idcd they are objected to on proper grounds. The want of
funds is I expect a sufficient one. Many others will occur to you.
If you think I can do any thing in this way, I will require some
proper authority as the regulations of the office are particularly
strict and formal. My services you will understand will be entirely
gratuitous. I hope to be able to break ground, and send over at least
one Vol. as a specimen. Have you learned exactly what part of
your records are preserved at Milledgeville. It is essential to know
this distinctly "and no mistake" before any thing is done on this
side. Fory has not arrived. All the better when he does so I will
let you know his news. Please to excuse this hurried scrawl, and
believe to be.
Yours ever,
To William B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
15 September 1845 London
My Dear Sir,
I have much pleasure in acknowledging three letters from you
addressed to R. Liston Esqr. and also two books, one, of your Notes
on Africa.^^ I trust to have time to peruse them by and bye. I have
not had leisure to look into Georgia history — but I intend to read
Harris and Sparks as soon as I can overtake them. What with sight-
seeing, and my family and numerous friends together, my time since
1 arrived here has been fully occupied from morning till late at
night. I send you some lists of books. The American trade in old
books Iicre is in the hands of three individuals, who are chiefly
supplied by Collectors who go regularly through all the small
170 The Mackenzie Papers
shops and book stalls. Rich has the best business — he dealing in them
exclusively, but I think he charges 15 or 20 per cent higher than
any of the other two. He promises to select for me a number of
books relative to Georgia. My impression is that he has precious
few "in this connection" and have no hopes in that quarter. He
cannot, for some time, let me know what he has to dispose of, as
his books are unarranged, and he proposes to sell only duplicates.
Leaving on the mind the impression, that he possesses as he expresses
it "quite the largest collection of books on Georgia history, that
anywhere exists." But the moment you come to close quarters
with him he breaks down at once. As for instance, have you "An
impartial Account of the expedition against Augustine, 1742,^- No.
Have you the reply to it 8 vo., 1743, or A full reply to Lieutenant
Cadogans Spanish hireling detected.^^ Neither." "I have had copies
of them all but sold them in America. They must be in Harvard
College" &c. I have called on him 3 times, he still talks of looking
out a lot for me. I tell him I will be forced to leave soon, and that
I will pay him ready money. It is of no use. He does not like to say
that he has none. But I will press him harder ere long. The fact is
there are now in London three parties from your s[tate?] purchasing
old American Books — quite in a large way — duplicates as well.
One of them by the name of Stephens. Therefore their exchangeable
value is rising rapidly. No less than 25 associations in the states and
more in Europe are also collecting them as fast as they can. The
British Museum within the last 3 years has come into the market,
and gives enormous prices. A few years ago, they were almost
unsaleable at any price. In a few years they will mount up to an
extravagant figure — like the Dutchman's tulips and nearly as
absurdly. I am greatly disappointed with the British Museum, that
is to say in as far as Georgia history is concerned. They are sensible
of the deficiency in this respect and therefore purchase largely.
They have nothing that I think, as far as I know, likely to be of use
to you. They have not any Pamphlets on Augustine. You can have
no idea of the trouble to find out any Book you want, if you don't
know the Authors name. It will occupy nearly two days hard work to
go over their ponderous volumes of catalogues and after all it may be
in one of their countless extra volumes. It requires no little experience
to get along and at first a fearful consumption of time and patience.
You will see that "the Relation," a verbatim copy of which I send you
along with this does not refer to Oglethorpe's seige of St. Augustine,
but to a subsequent predatory excursion.^* I would of course have
willingly paid for a copy, but it is not to be had in London for
The Mackenzie Papers 171
love or money. "That's a fixed fact." A person agreed to copy it
but he afterwards admitted that he could not promise to do it
before the end of November. This did not suit me, I had no confidence
in the fellow, and copied it myself after three attacks. I hope it will
please you and Mr. Teft. I was amused with the phrase in it "the
?nea7i Carolina Regiment," reminding me of a dear friend in Georgia.
Mean being a common word with him and also his worst. But I
will not lose sight of the great expedition to St. Augustine. I don't
see my way at present, tho' something may turn up yet, I have
gone over the early numbers of letters in the Society for Propagating
Christian Knowledge and enclose a specimen of their contents.^^
It will convince you my want of success does not arise from
laziness the usual cause in such cases. I can assure you it is no
sinecure to read over such a vast amount of silly trash. The copying
is a small part of the trouble — "a mere priming."
You will regret to learn that Fory entirely failed in doing any thing
for you in Spain. He has arrived here and will return to New York
by the steamer on the 27th if he can secure a Berth on her. From
him, you will get all the particulars. He did his best, and is I assure
you a very estimable man; you will be sure to like him. In regard
to Spanish Books I find that a house in Paris sweeps up everything
in Old Spain, having Agents in every considerable city. Hence
Fory, could get nothing in Madrid, Cadiz, Seville & cc although
he took pains to do so. In a letter he wrote to me from Alicante
4 July 1845, he states "During my sojourn in Madrid I visited every
Book establishment in that City, and could find no works on that
subject, different from those contained in the memorandum which
you handed me in Edinburgh. I found it was impossible to get access
to the archives — as the Spaniards are excessively jealous of foreigners
and after fruitless attempts I was forced to abandon it. Mr. Irving^''
informed me that upon a former occasion he made application
for permission to make examinations, which was granted him after
much delay; but when proceeding to investigate, they manifested
so much jealousy and confined him to such narrow limits that it
was of little use to him &cc. Rich informs me that access may be
had to all the public libraries and archives in Spain by the use of
money and "soft sawder"-^" except in Seville. Mr. Cannon of the
Adjutant Generals Office Horse Guards showed me a curious MS.
V^olume that belonged to the deceased Duke of York, It contains
the date of formation of each regiment, and the representation of
[each] soldier in full regimentals. Oglethorpe's was the 41st. It was
disbanded in 1749 and afterward reconstituted with a body of men
172 The Mackenzie Papers
called Invalids, men w ho had previously served in the Colonies.
It was subsequently recruited in Wales and is one of the most
dihtinguished regiments in the service. In the MS. above mentioned
I noticed No. 41 Regiment of Foot "raised in 1737. Colonel Ogle-
thorpe. Disbanded in 1749." A soldier of the Regiment is also painted
in good style, from which I perceive that the Hat was the three
cornered, low roofed one, the coat red and of ample dimensions,
wide in the skirts — facings green, with a narrow stripe of white
between and the body of the dress. I shall endeavor to get a copy
of it for your Society.-'** By the way in visiting Westminister Abbey,
I saw there a Monument to Sir Peter Warren, Knight of the Bath,
V^ice Admiral of the Red and member of Parliament &c. Died 29th
July 1752. Ae. 49. Why don't the Society apply for the dispatches
of the Admirals on the American station during your Colonial Period,
including all those of General Oglethorpe. You would get them at
once. What is the value of anything in old Books equal in interest
or authenticity to this. Let me advise you to have a list made out
of all the works you require; you will not find it a serious disburse-
ment to pay for them zvhen you get them. Unless your list will be
a very large one, I would undertake for a very moderate sum to pay
all you can purchase for a long while. There is no time to be lost.
Raise the mony any way you can, it will not be deadly. There
cannot be to a certain extent a more renumerative investment, provided
the volumes are necessary. To get them soon, or in 3 years hence
will make an immense difference in the price. Such at least is my
opinion, altho I may be in error as to the amount of discrepancy.
It appears to me highly probable that some information on your
early history may be discovered at the Arch-Episcopal Palace of
Lambeth. Indeed, it will surprise me if there be none. Of course I shall
see. In cursorily examining the Georgia letters of a date later than
those I have made extracts from, two or three of them struck me
as containing rather curious particulars, and if I have an oppor-
tunity I shall give you some knowledge of their contents previously
to my going to the Island of Jersey for the Winter. Faraday is out
of town. Nitras Potassa never did and never will explode unless
manufactured into Gun Powder. I heard an eminent Chemist speak
of the ridiculous and dishonest pretence made in a New York Paper,
in relation to this conflagration. No substance is so well known or
has been so long and so minutely manipulated on in great scale as
Salt Peter or Niter. Besides, it was stated here that it had been proved
that the great explosion was caused by Gun powder or the ignition
of a Gas one or other I fornjct which.
The Mackenzie Papers 173
I feel extremely obliged to you for the information you have
communicated regarding your American stocks. If I invest before
I leave London, I shall buy Kentuckys and U. S. 6's. I have not
yet been to the Brokers, but I intend to call at Barings tomorrow.
I now know the way to proceed. It is to get one of the Banks here
to employ a Broker to make the purchase. They draw the interest
without charging any commission — not even for the original
purchase Baring does both, and when he has an order, employs the
same Broker. A friend here, who is reputed to be very knowing
in money matters advises me to wait a little longer. The money
market must soon give way. American securities are always those
first affected in the London market and I guess Uncle Sam will by and
bye require a loan. It will not be got here. With kind regards to
your lady and sister ever yours,
P. S. Please to address me as formerly 5 Clifford Street London.
It is reported here that several fast craft have left England to
privateer in the Mexican Gulph. Mexico perhaps thinks she will
make better terms in relation to boundary, debt &c by assuming
a warlike attitude. I cant believe she will strike one blow in a
demonstration to cover her disgrace. Only England will not interfere
but as a mediator. But she is making great exertions to fit out many
first class men of war. I have been to several of the Dock Yards.
They are working very hard. I had no idea England has such an
enormous number of fine vessels nearly ready for sea. I saw at
Shearness 3 of 120 guns, and ten or 12 more almost as large that
could be put to sea if necessary in a few weeks. Something unusual
she is preparing for. A few months will prove. Please to excuse
this hurried letter.
I sent a few numbers of the Scots Magazine to Savannah through
Low about a month ago.^^ He writes me they were shipped some
time ago. When I get the other numbers, thcv will be forwarded
to fyou] I will give [torn]
To William B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
24 September 1845 Wednesday Evening
iMy Dear Sir,
Mr. Fory has this moment called here to say that he has succeeded
in getting all his business done and that he purposes to leave to-
morr.ow. As I am going out of Town in the morning I now write
you a few lines to inform you that I have visited a number of old
Book collections and one or two libraries such as Archbishop
Tennisons &c but have seen nothing relating to Georgia but what
174 The Mackenzie Papers
1 know you have published in your Collections. I intend going to
other two the day after tomorrow, and afterwards I shall return
to the British Museum and make a thorough search. On this you
may depend, before I leave London "I shall view the whole field."
I have not purchased any Books with the exception of 5 volumes
of political Pamphlets, some on foreign and domestic affairs during
the years 1733 dc 34. These I will forward before I go to Jersey,
along with anything else that comes in the way. It is a mighty pity
that the Society do not make out a list of the books on America
that they Diost require. Permit me to suggest that they do so without
delay. They will never get them unless. Enclosed is all that I can
get in the Society Pall-Mail. The Journals are not worth powder
and shot, the ill temper, conceit, arrogance and venom of these
Parsons — "is a caution." The way they abuse one another, and
particularly all others of different denominations is really painful.
I shall write to inform you how I get along at the British iVIuseum.
Perhaps I may go to Oxford, if the weather keeps up sometime
longer. Excuse haste. With kind regards to Mrs. Hodgson & your
sister.
I am, Dr Sir
To WiUiavi B. Hodgson, Savannah, Ga.
London 2d October 1845
My Dear Sir,
I sent some writings out with Mr Low and some more with Air
Fory. These I hope you have received, and regret, that they are
not more interesting. Having returned to the British Museum, I began
an Inspection of the Catalogues of Additional MS 23 large folio
Volumes. In \^ol i is a reference to an extensive collection of MS
that belonged to George 3d presented by George 4th. I perceive
it contains papers on American politics, and a great many letters
of Franklin and others relative to affairs of state. In Index under
Georgia — Survey of from Voyages in the years 1751-1771. Report
to the Board of Trade respecting the Manufactures there 18 November
1766-206 f7 — Report to the Earl of Shelborne and Lord Hillsborough
respecting the Revenue and Manufactures 1767- 1768. The first paper
I read is "Answers of James Wright, Esqr., Governor of Georgia,
to queries proposed by the Board of Trade." There are similar returns
from all the other American Governors. They are of immense length,
and cxcecdintTJy comprehensive and elaborate. I have yet seen nothing
of an old date worth reading regarding Georgia with the exception
of Governor Wright's report. The one from South Carolina throws
The Mackenzie Papers 175
a great deal of light on your history, particularly about the Indian
tribes. Indeed they embrace every possible subject, foreign and
internal trade, amount of Exports and Imports, Revenue, Militia,
Rangers, Forts, Government officials. Salaries &cc. Now, here comes
the misfortune of my profound ignorance of your historical in-
vestigations. Have you state invaluable papers or not? Perhaps
they may be at Milledgeville. I am in a difficulty. But as I don't
like works of supererogation, I shall make a few extracts regarding
the Indians and some of the Forts near the French possessions. In
the event of your not having them they will enable you to judge
of the value of the "balance." They will be forwarded to Savannah
through Low and Company.'**'
Governor Wright to the Earl of Shelburne 15th May 1767. Vol
Marked "Fees of Office" &c from Page 173 to Page 179. It gives
the expenditure of the government of Georgia from 24 June 1765
to 24 June 1766. The total amount ^3986. This sum is granted
annually by Parliament &cc. This return I presume you have at
Savannah. But if not, it can be got, if required. I have run through
the Voyages and Surveys of Georgia, South Carolina & East Florida
in the years 1751 &c by De Brahm who was Surveyor General of
the Southern Colonies of America. He must have been a most
laborious man, and possessed of a good deal of general information.
He makes an attempt at everything in the heavens above and on the
earth beneath, as well as in his own department. I really do not
know how to sufficiently admire the extreme beauty and excessive
minuteness of his Plans of the settlements and Forts. I have seen
nothing that I think surpasses them, And all done with the pen.
They look like engravings. He gives the history of Georgia from
175 1 when he first went over with 160 Germans and along with
others of the same Nation formed the settlement of Bethany. He
published the first map of South Carolina and Georgia and con-
structed the greater number of the Forts in both provinces of all
which he gives a full description, with a representation of most of
them in addition. Nothing can look better than the Plan of the City
of Savannah and fortifications, with, if I remember correctly, no
less than 6 gates — all named. There is also a Profile Plan showing
the streets, houses, Bay &cc. Besides the volume contains other
Plans of different places or settlements in Georgia, such as the Town
of Ebenezer, the Bethanian Settlement, Fort George, Fort Barrington
and Chart of Savannah Sound. We see the lots all laid down fairly
with the names of the Propritors. The description and surveys of
Georgia, South Carolina and Florida occupies the whole of the
176 The jMackenzie Papers
two folio MS Volumes. He says at one time he could have bought
the half of your City of Savannah for about /20 Sterling. But I
think after all that it is hardly possible but that you must have it
in Georgia. Howard^^ surely would copy it, if required. And I don't
see how you can get along without De Brahms History of Georgia.
1 made 2 or 3 brief extracts from his description of South Carolina
and East Florida. The truth is I have been greatly disappointed
with the British Museum in as far as Georgia is concerned. They
are extremely civil and attentive in getting the books you want
if you give the description and the press mark or letters. The great
difficulty is to find these — and the idea of me going over all their
Catalogues to try to discover somethmg or other of which I have
no distinct idea — is really more than I think I shall venture to
attempt. But if my time permits, as I don't like to be beat altogether,
I cannot answer for myself as to what I may not attempt. By the
bye, I have read Harris's recollections of Oglethorpe,^^ that is to
say I have run my eye hurriedly over the pages, and was much
gratified by their perusal. Let Dr. Stephens [William Bacon Stevens]
look about him and proceed forthwith with his history, or perhaps
some Yankee or Scotsman may go down to Savannah for the Winter
on account of his health and merely to employ himself, write an
Abstract or Short Compendium of the Colonial history of Georgia.
Such things are done here every day by a class of people in cant
language called Brain "suckers." Such men walk into the business
at once, have no diffidence about either their "Philosophy or their
Style," and by neither aiming at sentiment nor refinement, but
using plain Saxon English, often succeed even to their own astonish-
ment. Well, to return from the digression, I am afraid you have got
any thing [everything?] really good I have seen in London, and
that the rest is of no value.
I can assure you I have done as much as iny other engagements
would permit. If I had been here by myself, I feel assured I could
have done ten times as much. Be this as it mav, I have actually suc-
ceeded in discovering in the Cotton Collection British Museum OJie
letter of General Oglethorpe's, I give it and if it is very unimportant,
the more is the pity. Original letters to Sir Hans Sloane. M. N. O.
4054 No. 244. ["] Savannah in Georgia September ye 19th 1733.
Sir,
I should sooner have done myself the honour of Writing to you
but 1 had not time to write a full Account of the place Nor to make
a Collection of such things as might be agreeable to one of your
curiosity. I therefore delayed it from time to time but Business
The Mackenzie Papers 177
still encreasing rendered my Attempt the more impossible; there-
fore I thought it better to write a short Letter than not at all to
acknowledge how much I am Sir Your most obedient humble
Servant
James Oglethorpe
The Bearer will deliver you a piece of a Tree the Bark of which is
a specifick against all Kinds of Defluctions &c. It was discovered
to me by the Indians who call it Itookaisisse and by chewing raise a
Kind of Flux.["]
The postscript is characteristic of the times when Oglethorpe
wrote this short letter. This was the age of specifics in more things
than "against all kind of defluctions."
I have a strong impression that some considerable time ago, I read
in the Parliamentary Debates a charge made against the government
& in support of the averment that they had neglected to support
Oglethorpe previously to his attack on St. Augustine — that a
Vessel, ordered to carry out stores and munitions of war to Georgia
had through the most culpable negligence been allowed to remain
3 months in Port without proceeding on her voyage in time to
be available to the General. Have you the debates during your
Colonial period or the London Gazettes? ^^ Don't you think it would
be well to get the whole of the proceedings of Oglethorpe's trial on
the charges of Colonel Cooke. The particulars of the different
counts, and the rebutting evidence adduced will in all probability
be preserved at the Horse Guards. Ask Mr. Teft if this is at Sa-
vannah or not. In the London Institution Farsbury Square is a
Pamphlet animadverting on the sentence of the Court. The title is —
Both sides of the question, or a candid and impartial enquiry into a
certain doubtful character, in a letter to a General Officer remark-
ably acquitted by a C~t M — 1. London 8 vo. Have you got it?^*
Harris alludes to one of your missionaries being married to a
Creek Squaw, and to certain squabbles about land."*^ Not having seen
the "recollections" when I made extracts from the Missionaries
letters I did not copy what the man said in his letter to the
Trustees. But I remember he stated that she was a civilized Christian
Woman, although an Indian — that she had been educated in Charles
Town, South Carolina — that his marriage had been considered of
advantage to the interests of the Colony, and, that, however, they
had been treated with indignity which had greatly enraged the Creek
Nation who threatened revenge. In short, that it was considered prud-
ent for him and his wife to retire from Georgia — as the only means
to quiet the Savages. There is one other remark I have to make in
178 The Mackenzie Pai-eks
this connection. In the return from Frederica of the amount of
baptisms 71 are reported as having taken place in the Regiment.
This I have no doubt must have been a clerical error — or a slip of
the pen. The i is as distinct as the 7 so I copied both. The 7 is the
right number, the i a flourish of the pen.
By the way there is good deal of curious information in the
British Museum relative to the family of General Oglethorpe, that
is to say considerably more than in Nichols Lit. anec. or in Harris
recollections. Would this be desirable for the Historical Society.
Of all the published works that I have dipped into regarding Georgia,
the one which is the fullest and the best is a "General Collection of
the best and most interesting Voyages and Travels in all parts of the
World &cc["] by John Pinkerton. London 1S12 in 12 Quarto Volumes.
I have examined two very old libraries in London since 1 last
wrote to you by Fory — Williams Library a dissenting Institution
and the other Sion College, but unfortunately thev contain nothing
on Georgia. I have thus poked through them all except Fulham.
I shall see if I can get ''thaf^ ^^bimeby" and I will return to Lambeth
to finish my inspection of it, after which I shall make a hard, serious
push at the British Museum library and then I shall be in circum-
stances to inform you of the best and the worst of it. I have
ascertained the way of searching for Books and annonymous writings,
and can assure you it is a tedious and most laborious proceeding,
in fact it is a distinct business here and many gain a handsome
living by this employment. Authors in opulent circumstances have
all the materials copied and classified, viz Biography, Commerce,
Topography, History, Colonial Statistics &c. [torn] Library readers
as they are called who not infrequently write the entire book to
which the author merely puts his name. Yesterday I applied to one
of these individuals to know his terms, mentioning at the same time
I was wishing to learn all that the Museum Library contained
relative to Oglethorpe and Georgia. Today I received a note from
him. You will see that he takes me for a Yankee. After stating that
his whole time is fully engaged in preparing a certain work for
the press for the Camden Society, that will occupy him for nearly
a year he says "As to terms, I am in the habit of receiving 3 d. per
folio, of such matter as is printed, and I believe this is the market price.
I am, however, from former experience rather unwilling to deal
so far from home as America and would require some London Agent
for the settlement of accounts at stated periods, under a uritten
afrreemevt." The next person I speak with concerning Georgia
history 1 shall take care to do so in such hroad Scotch, that there
The Mackenzie Papeks 179
will be no mistake in future. This is a caution, indeed. I hope it
will amuse you as it has done me.
October 3d, 9 A.M.
As the mail for America goes today I had intended to have in-
dulged in a little gossip about Mexico and politics generally, but
tvvo friends have called and insist that I shall go with them down
the river to visit an acquaintance, who is expecting us to spend
the day. Fortunately I have "said my say" on your historical matters
and shall write to you again before I leave London, which in all
probability will be in about a fortnight. When you write tell me about
the money vtarket and your funds. I shall hold off as I see the funds
here have begun to "cave," and money will be in great demand in a few
months. Where the railways are to get their hundreds of millions
is past my comprehension. Mexico will neither fight nor make peace.
The worst thing that can happen for Uncle Sam's pocket. Address
to Liston's
Yours ever,
To Willimn B. Hodgson, Esqr., Savannah, Georgia, 1843.^^
Extracts from files of the Edinburgh Caledonian Mercury News-
paper contained in the Advocates Library of Edinburgh, being the
only newspaper published in Scotland in 1732, the numbers of which
for 1732, 1733, 1734 & 1735 &c are now extant.
CM. nth. January 1732. Wye's London letter of date 6 January.
A scheme is newly published, humbly offered to the Parliament, for
a number of Galley's to be built by the several counties of Great
Britain in which criminals, instead of being transported to America
where they are refused to be received, shall serve as in France, Spain
and Italy &ca.
C.M.E. 20 July 1732. Wye's letter, London, July i<f. The Trus-
tees for the new colony of Georgia in America propose to give to
every man and woman that will go thither /20 each and /lo to
every one of the children, and have lands given to them to cultivate
of themselves and their Heirs to enjoy it for ever and no duty
to be paid for the first 10 years to the King, who for the encourage-
ment of this undertaking, we hear has given / 10,000.
Wye's Letter, July 20. A considerable number of Swiss Prot-
estants are come hither to settle in the new colony of Georgia.
CM. July 25, 1732. Extract of a letter from an English Gentleman
at Alicant, dated July 9th N.S. We are very impatient here to learn
the particulars of the Charter for establishing the new colony in
Georgia. We can only yet gather in general, that it is calculated
180 The Mackenzie Papers
for the relief of the unfortunate, that all who go are to be free,
to have lands given them, and to be settled under a regular form of
government, with the rights and priveleges of Englishmen. That
there will be attempts made for raising raw silk, wines, olives, and
other things which succeed very well there and not grow well in
England; and the people will be encouraged in bringing Raw Silk,
wine and oil to perfection, and be prohibited from making any
manufactures that may interfere with Great Britain. It is generally
believed that this matter will in a few years considerably lessen the
poor's tax, by sending great numbers of the unfortunate people and
by giving employment to the manufacturers in England for furnishing
them with all kinds of necessaries.
Edinburgh, 27th July 1732. The Trustees for establishing the
colony of Georgia in America ordered a common seal to be made
with the following device; on one face two figures of rivers resting
on urns, representing the Alatamaha and Savannah the boundaries
of Georgia and between them the genius of the colony seated with
the cap of liberty on her head, a spear in one hand, and a Cornucopia
in the other with this motto Colonia Georgia Aug. The reverse is
to be silk worms, some beginning, some having finished their web;
with this motto, Non sibi sed aliis.
C.M.E. 10 August 1732. Wyes letter London 5 August. On Thurs-
day last the Trustees for settling the new colony of Georgia granted
by virtue of their charter several commissions for collecting charity
from divers parts of the kingdom, for the more speedy carrying on
that affair.
Do London 8 August. James Vernon, Robert Hucks and George
Heathcot Esqrs. have paid ;^ioo each into the Bank of England for
the use of the Trustees for establishing a new colony of Georgia in
America.
C.M.E. 29 August 1732. Do. Contained "copy of the circular
letter of the Trustees of Georgia, for raising charitable contributions
for settling the same." (I have not transcribed it as it contains nothing
worthy of notice. WM)
C.M.E. 2 October 1732. London 23 September 1732. The Trustees
for settling the new colony of Georgia received a letter a few days
ago, out of Lancashire, from the right Honorable the Earl of Derby,
with a benefaction of £$0 per annum forever, for settling poor
families in that colony, and many more considerable sums have been
paid info the Bank for that purpose, of which we may perhaps give
some account hereafter.
C.M.E. 1 8th October 1732 Do London 14 October. On Thurs-
The Mackenzie Papers 181
day last there was a meeting of the Trustees for settling the new
colony of Georgia when the Reverend Doctor Bundy took his place
for the first time, they sate till near lo o'clock at night; and upon
the pressing necessities of the people, came to a resolution to send
70 persons thither the beginning of next month, being all that their
fund will afford as yet. A man applied this week to James Oglethorpe
Esqr. one of the Trustees, for himself and poor family to be sent
to the said colony, but was told there was no room to send him, for
want of a sufficient fund; but Archibald Hutchinson Esqr. happening
to be present and hearing the great lamentations of the poor man,
paid the charge for the sending him and his family to Georgia which
was /30. Yesterday the Trustees met again and called over the
names of persons, who appeared there, in order to be sent over to
Georgia.
C.M.E. 23 October 1732. Do. London. 17 October James Ogle-
thorpe Esqr. is appointed Governor of the new colony of Georgia.
Several hundreds of people were yesterday soliciting to go to Georgia
this season; and when the Trustees signified that there was not a
fund for above 70, and that therefore thev must choose the greatest
objects of compassion, there could not be a more dismal spectacle, then
to see them solemnly protesting, that they were so reduced for
want of employment, that they had no hopes to avoid perishing for
want before spring.
C.M.E. 27 October 1732. Do. London October 27. Since my last
a considerable quantity of utensils for cultivating lands. Harness
for drawing horses, waggon wheels, "axale" trees &c have been
shipped off here for Georgia and persons of good substance come
and apply to settle in the said colony, offering to carry servants
with them at their own expense; But as this is designed for the
benefit of the poor only, they are not accepted; and the Trustees
for settling the said colony, we hear, have now under consideration
the making contracts, and granting lands, preparatory to the first
embarkation.
C.M.E. November 27, 1732. Do London November 21. By the
post yesterday came divers letters from Mr. Oglethorpe to the
trustees and his friends; The ship Anne, in which he was aboard,
with the families for Georgia sailing thro' to the westward on Sunday
last with a fair wind.
C.M.E. II Deer. 1732. Do London December 5th. Mr Christie
who is gone over with Mr Oglethorp to Georgia is to be recorder
of the Town of Savannah. 1200 acres of land in the said colony are
granted to Messrs. Salmon and Harrison who have undertaken to
182 The Mackenzie Papers
make potash, and carry over with them 12 servants, and to Mr.
Roaker, who carries over four servants, 500 acres.
C.AI.E. 18 Deer. 1732. Do London 12th. This evening Messrs.
Rayner, Salmon, Harrison and Carter were at the Georgia office;
they are enjoined to plant in the above colony 1000 mulberr)'' Trees
every year for feeding silk worms.
C.M.E. 21 Deer. 1732. Do London 16. Cojjtains an account of a
meeting of the common council in relation to the Londori workhouse,
ii-hen it u-as proposed (WM. "to clear the streets of vagabonds and
idle persons, and others who have no parents and to apply to
Parliament to send them to Georgia."
C.M.E. 28 Deer. 1732. Do London 23d. On Thursday last there
was a board for settling the new colony of Georgia in America, when
they granted 500 acres of land to James Lacy, of London Merchant
and his Heirs forever, on condition of his going over at his own
expense and carrying several servants. The Trustees we hear, sent
over in October last Dr. Melmouth a Physician of the University
of St Andrews in Scotland to the West Indies, for two years, allowing
him X[2oo, to make a collection of plants and herbs in that part of
the world, and transmit them to Georgia as opportunity offers, and
afterwards he is to go and reside in the said colony.
C.M.E. January 30, 1733. Wye's London letter 25. Today the
ship James bound for Georgia with several families and other persons
going on their own expense, with servants to settle in the said
colony, fell down to Gravesend to proceed on her voyage with all
speed.
C.M.E. February 5, 1733. Do London January 30th. The same
Committee except James Oglethorpe Esqr. who is gone to Georgia,
are rechosen for the affair of the relief of the poor sufferers of the
charitable Corporation: in room of Mr. Oglethorpe Mr. William
Broomly, junr. Esqr. Member for Warwick is chosen.
C.AIE. 6 March 1733. Do London Alarch ist. Yesterday the
Trustees for establishing the Colony of Georgia in America received
letters from James Oglethorpe Esqr. giving an account of his safe
arrival in Charles Town in Carolina on the 13 January where he
was very honorably received and complimented by the Governor
and inhabitants, and saluted by the great guns of the fort there; that
the poor families which went with him, got all save except two
children who died on the voyage, but who were sickly before they
put to sea; and Mr. Oglethorpe was to sail next day for Port Royal,
which is within 30 miles of Georgia. They write from Liverpool,
that on the 12 past it was agreed by the Mayor to give out of the
The Mackenzie Papers 183
corporate stock /50 for promoting the good design of settling said
colony of Georgia, and 'twas thought handsome benefactions would
be given on this occasion by the inhabitants of that town.
C.M.E. 28 [?] 1733. Do London 15. The annual sermon before
the Trustees for the colony of Georgia was preached this day at
Bow Church from Gens. XVIII. 19 by the Revd. J\lr. Burton, wherein
he recommended the example of Abraham, who by his zeal for
religion, justice, and the honor of God, settled such mighty eastern
colonies that the earth could scarce contain them, and became
exceeding rich. And observed how deplorable it was that so many
of our fellow subjects, and so many thousand Protestants, which
have been driven by oppression out of their country, should want
support, when such fine countries in Georgia should want inhabitants.
C.A'l.E. 23 April 1733. Do London 17th. The Trustees for Georgia
have received since my last letter another letter from Mr Oglethorpe
by the Molly Galley from Carolina relating to the progress that is
made in settling poor families, which went over with him to that
colony, wherein we hear that gentleman remarks, That ground
was marked out for building a new town on the river Savannah to
be called by that name, great part of which being already cleared
in one month's labor; they had begim to build houses; That the
Governor of Carolina and principal merchants at Charlestown gave
them all possible assistance, had presented them with 200 head of
cattle, and allowed them a detachment of Soldiers, who were em-
ployed also in clearing the woods and paid for their labor by
Mr. Oglethorpe. 'Tis added also, that the chiefs of one of the
neighboring Indian Nations, had sent to desire friendship, trade and
correspondence with them, and to promise in that case their friend-
ship and assistance. Letters came by the same ship from Monsieur
Purr^^ who last year carried over about 150 Swiss families to settle
in Carolina on the northern side of the Savannah river, opposite to
Georgia, advising that his people were very industrious in the new
settlement, men women and children laboring with the greatest
diligence with the desired prospect of success.
C.M.E. 26 April 1733. Wye's London letter, 21st. The right
Honble. the Earl of Derby, Erasmus Philips Esq., M. P. for Haver-
ford West, Sir John Gonson, John Page and William Hanbury Esq.
and George Tyerer merchant and Alderman of Liverpool, have been
lately chosen Trustees for Georgia concerning which settlement we
have to remark that a gentleman of great experience in Bota?iy who
has a ''Sallary" (so in the original) by a particular contribution from
some noblemen and gentlemen, and sailed from hence about 5 weeks
184 The Mackenzie Papers
ago, has lately sent from Mederia [sic] a great number of Malmsey
and other vines to Charlestown for the use of the afore named colony,
and for the making of still further improvements. Some are ready
to embark at their own expence for raising potashes, and others will
soon follow for raising Flax and Hemp, which may be done with
the same ease there as silk is to supply us as we now are from
Russia nad the east country where the balance of trade is nearly
£ 1 50,000 yearly against us.
C.M.E. 3 May 1732 [1733,] Do London 28 April, A most curious
pamphlet (supposed to be wrote by Mr. Oglethorpe) intituled
reasons for establishing the colony of Georgia, with regard to the
trade of Great Britain Scca'*'^ has been presented by order of the
Trustees, to all the Lords and Members of Parliament; and on Monday
next there is to be a meeting of the common council for the trustees,
to put the seal of the corporation to a petition to parliament for
a sum of money for better settling that colony; and 'tis discoursed
that £ 1 0,000 will be granted for that purpose, since it appears that
the said colony is more capable of improvement for the advantage
of the nation than any part of America.
C.M.E. 22 May 1733, Do Do London 17. Yesterday ;{^ 10,000 was
was voted for settling poor English and Saltsburgh families in Georgia,
for which purpose several hundreds of the latter are soon expected
from Hamburgh and Holland.
C.M.E. 28 May, Do London 22. Collections were made this day
from house to house in the Parish of St Margaret's Westminister
for settling poor people in Georgia, from whence the honble. Trus-
tees received yesterday a letter from James Oglethorpe Esqr., dated
12 March advising that himself and all the families with him are in
perfect health, having not lost one person since the arrival in Georgia;
that they went on briskly building houses in the town to be called
Savannah; and that Mr Oglethorpe had reconciled two Indian Nations
that were ready to go to war with each other.
C.M.E. 5 June 1733. Do London May 31. We have an account by
a letter from the storekeeper of the new colony of Georgia, dated
12 March of the manner in which Mr Oglethorpe and those with
him were received by the Indians on their landing, viz, They came
to bid him welcome, and before them a man dancing in antick
posture, with spread fans of white feathers in each hand as tokens
of friendship which were fixed to small rods about four foot long,
set from top to bottom with little bells like those of Morris dancers,
and gingling while the King and Queen and about 20 others fol-
lowed, making an uncouth following, and when they came near,
The Mackenzie Papers 185
Mr. Oglethorpe walkt about ten Steps from his Tent to meet them;
then the Alan with Feathers came foreward, dancing, and talking of
the Acts of their Warriors; and coming close to Mr. Oglethorpe, he
moved his Hands over him, and stroaked him on every Side with
the Feathers; after which the King and all the Men came in a regular
Manner, and Complimented him, as did also the Queen and her Fol-
lowers: Afterwards Mr. Oglethorpe conducted them to his Tent,
and gave them a fine Entertainment, and the next Day made them
Presents for Cloathing.
C.M.E. Monday July 2, 1733. Wye's letter, London, June 26. We
learn by Letters from Savannah in Georgia, That good Order and
Regularity is observed in the Camp there, Mr. Oglethorpe having
appointed one Mr. Scot a Justice of Peace, with Power to judge and
punish Offences as he thinks fit; as to imprisonment. Banishment &c
(Life and Limb excepted) Mr. Oglethorpe medling with nothing of
that Kind himself, except to mitigate Punishments.
C.M.E. Thursday July 5, 1733. Wye's letter London, June 30. On
Thursday last the Trustees for the Colony of Georgia received
a Letter from James Oglethorpe, Esqr; dated Charlestoun in South
Carolina, May the 12th 1733, wherein he writes, "That he was in
Amity with all the India [sic] Nations about him; That he had
Seized at the Savannah 3 Men, who were Irish Roman Catholicks,
and came as Spies from the Spanish Fort St. Augustine, and brought
them with him under a Guard to Charlestoun, in which Province
great Collections were making for the aforenamed Colony."
C.M.E. Monday July 9, 1733. Wye's letter, London, July 3. We
learn by Letters from Carolina of the 23d of May, That several ex-
cellent Druggs are produced in Georgia, and will be speedily sent
to the Royal Society.
C.M.E. Monday July 16, 1733. Wye's letter London, July 10. An
account is come from Carolina, That James Oglethorpe, Esqr; after
14 Days stay in Charlestown set out thence the 14th of May, to
return to Savannah, and with him the King of the Neighbouring
Indian Nations; and his two Nephews, and 400 Head of cattle,
which he had bought up to Stock the land, and serve for Provisions
for his People.
C.M.E. Thursday August 9, 1733. Wye's letter London, August
4. On Wednesday last the Trustees of the Colony of Georgia met,
and granted 500 Acres of Land to one Mr. Houston, and 400 Acres
to one Mr. Moor, the former to carrv with him ten Servants, and the
latter eight capable of using Arms upon Occasion. The same Day
the Trustees received a Letter from the Honourable James Ogle-
186 The Mackenzie Papers
thorpe, Esqr; dated Charlestown June the 12th, with which they
heartily rejoiced, and went to the Horn Tavern in New Palace-Yard,
and drank to his further good Success.
C.M.E. Thursday August 16, 1733. Wye's letter London, August
1 1. The honourable Trustees for Georgia, having received the £ 10,000
granted by Parliament, 300 Families of the poor Saltsburgers, and the
like Number of English Families, we hear will be sent next month
to the said colony, and according to the annual accounts of said
Trustees delivered to the Lord Chancellor and the Judges, a surplus
of the / 1 4,000 raised by the charitable contributions, remained in
their hands; and besides all this, the General Assembly of Carolina
have granted ;{[ 10,000 of their country money, to the said colony, on
account of its being so great a security to Carolina both from the
Indians and Spaniards at St. Augustines.
C.AI.E. 27 August 1733. Do. Do. London i8th. Mr. Oglethorpe
in one of his letters dated the 9th June says, that nothing is wanting
to the conversion of the Indians but one who understands their
language well, to explain to them the mysteries of religion; for as to
the moral part of Christianity, they understand it, and assent to it;
That some of them seem to be thorough masters of true eloquence, and
making use of metaphors, and similies in their speeches, which are
generally wonderful, proper, and well carried on. In that which
Tomachichi, one of the chiefs, first made to Mr Oglethorpe he
expressed in some parts thereof, viz. Here is a little present, and then
gave Mr Oglethorpe a Buffalo skin painted on the inside with the
Head and Feathers of an eagle, which he desired him to accept,
because the eagle signified speed, & the Buffalo strength. That the
English were as swift as the Bird, and as strong as the Beast, since
like the first they flew from the utmost parts of the earth, over
the vast seas, and like the 2d nothing could withstand them; That
the feathers of the eagle were soft and signified love, and the Buffalo
skin warm and signified protection; and therefore he hoped they
would love and protect their little families.
The care that is taken by Mr Oglethorpe of those already sent
over; and the prospects there is of a comfortable settlement in that
Colony, and encourages people to apply in great numbers to the
Trustees who have received the / 10,000 granted by Parliament and
the officers of the Treasury & Exchequer remitted the fees for the
said sum, as being a grant for charitable uses, on ^hich account
they received the thanks of the Trustees who have been busy several
days this week, examining persons and families as to their fitness to be
The Mackenzie Papers 187
sent over to that colony; and there is to be a 3d embarkation in 3
weeks time, of not less, as we are told, than 300 families.
C.M.E. 13 September 1733. Do Do. London 8th. A4r. Oglethorpe
in his speech of thanks the 14 June to the General Assembly of
Carolina after remarking- the dangerous blows the country had escaped
from French, Spanish and Indian arms; and that there was a time
when every day brought advices of murders, savages and burnings,
when no profession or calling was exempted from arms, when every
inhabitant of their province, was obliged to leave their wives and
famihes and undergo all the fatigues of war &c expressed thus, viz:
"It would be needless to tell you, who are better Judges how the
increasing settlements of the new Colony upon the Southern frontiers,
will prevent the like dangers of the future; nor need I tell you
how much every plantation will increase in value, by the saftey [sic]
of the province being increased, since the lands to the Southward
already sell for above double what they did when the new colony
first arrived; nor need I mention the great lessening of the burden
of the people, by increasing the incomes of the tax from the many
hundred thousand "Aikers" of land either taken or taking up on
the prospect of future security. The assistance the Assembly have
given, tho' not quite equal to the occasion, is very large, with
respect to the present circumstances of the province, & as such,
shows you to be kind benefactors to your new come countrymen.
As I shall soon return to Europe, I must recommend the infant
colony to your future protection, being assured that both from vour
generosity and wisdom you will, in case of any danger give them
the utmost support and assistance."
C.M.E. 29 October 1733. Do Do. London 23. At a meeting last
Thursday of the Common Council of the Trustees for the colony
of Georgia, the seal of the said colony was affixed to a treaty of
alliance, friendship and commerce between the English and the chief
men of the Creek Nation of Indians, the articles whereof were en-
grossed on a large sheet of parchment fully embellished and are to
continue in force, as long as the Sun doth shine and the Waters do
run in the rivers, it being so expressed.
C.M.E. November 5, 1733. Do Do London October 30. Touching
the articles of the treaty of peace &c between the Colony of Georgia
and the Indians, it is stipulated that they shall stand by each other
on all occasions, against the French, & Spaniards settled in those
parts; and in case of any murders, robberies, 8cc on either side,
the guilty Indians shall be punished by English laws and the English
bv^ the Indian laws.
188 The Mackenzie Papers
C.M.E. November 19. Do Do London 13. Monsieur Purry, who
about a year and a half ago, carried over 150 Swiss famiHes to settle
in South Carolina, and to build a new town called Purrysburg, re-
turned hither this week in his way to Swisserland to conduct more
families to his new settlement, which he says goes on with good
success, as well as that of the English in Georgia, but adds, that James
Oglethorpe, Esqr. having had the misfortune to be hurt by a fall
from his horse, which endangered his life, was prevented from re-
turning with him as he designed, but was however in a fair way of
recovery when he left the said Gentleman.
C.iM.E. 22 November 1733. Do Do. London 17. Several merchants
trading to Carolina have been with the Trustees for Georgia to
acquaint them with the news they had received, and of a design of
the Spaniards at the Havanna, to attempt to oblige the English to
quit their settlements in the aforesaid Colony, that timely measures
may be taken, if possible to prevent them.
C.M.E. 26 November 1733. Do Do. London 20. Orders are sent
to our ships of war stationed at South Carolina, to be on their Guard,
and observe the motions of the Spaniards; and to baffle whose at-
tempts, the forts of Charles Town and Savannah are putting in a
good state of defense.
C.M.E. 24 December 1733. Do Do. London 18. Several Pied-
montese families who have been bred up in raising silk by worms,
and being desirous of going over to Georgia. The Trustees have
ordered them to be sent thither in a few days for that purpose. We
hear nothing further of the design lately mentioned to have been
favored by the Spaniards at the Havanna to dislodge the English
from their settlements in the aforenamed colony.
C.M.E. 15 January 1734. Do Do. London 10. A fine sermon was
preached last Sunday at St. Swithin's by the Reverend Mr. Berry-
man recommending charitable contributions from house to house
for settling poor families in Georgia: wherein after remarking the
usefulness of the undertaking with regard to the trade of this nation,
and the providing not only for our own poor, but foreigners perse-
cuted for religion observed. "That this was one motive which
alone ought to recommend this charity, namely the propagating of
the Christian faith, the neighboring Indians having agreed to send their
children to English schools, to be instructed both in our religion
and language."
C.M.E. 21 May 1734. Do Do London 21. On Friday last there
was a board of Trustees for the Colony of Georgia when Monsieur
Poycs, being come from abroad, appeared relating to the 200 Pied-
The Mackenzie Papers 189
montese who are of the protestant reHgion and having been perse-
cuted and banished by the present King of Sardinia and desiring to
have a settlement in the said Colony, for the purpose of raising raw
silk, as they do in their own country. A common council of Trustees
is ordered for tomorrow, to make provision for their reception, and
sending them over, who are soon expected here from Rotterdam.
The same day a Gentlemen brought to the Trustees a receipt from
the Bank of ^^34 paid in for the use of the Colony by a person
unknown; and the Lord Tullamore likewise came and was pleased
to give the said Trustees a Bank note of ^50 more for the same use.
Captain Baker of Carolina who left Charles Town the 5th of March
last, reported to the Trustees that near the said Town he spoke the
ship Purrysburgh which sailed from Dover the 8 of January last
with 15 Saltzburgers and about 30 english going to Savannah, who
were all well; that Mr. Oglethorpe came to Charles Town the day
before he sailed thence to embark for England that he went on the
Aldborough A4an of War which was returning home from that
station.
C.M.E. 24 June 1734. Do Do London 18. James Oglethorpe Esqr,
arrived last Sunday in the Aldburgh Man of War at St. Helens, and
immediately set out for his seat at Westbrook Place near Hamslemere
[sic] for which he is M. P. He has brought with him two Indian
chiefs of neighbouring nations. Several of the Trustees are going to
meet and compliment him.
C.M.E. June 25, 1734. Do Do London 20. I have to add to my
last from Georgia That on arrival of the Saltzburgers at Savannah,
Mr Oglethorpe acquainted them, that they should have the liberty
to choose such a part of the country as they thought most con-
venient to build a Town: and going with Baron Von Reck, their
commissary, minister, doctor, and one of their elders, up on the
river a few miles by water, horses being ready, they rode through
the woods 15 miles westward; and being come to the banks of the
river, which is 80 foot wide and 12 deep, clear water, the sides very
high, the country hilly, and the valleys intermixed with brooks and
springs: The Saltzburgers extremely pleased with the place, kneeled
down by the river side, sung a Psalm and returned God thanks for
bringing them out of their persecutions, through so many dangers to
a land of rest: In remembrance of which they desired the river might
be called Ebenezer. After which they proceeded to Abercorn, a
village new built 6 miles off from whence Mr Oglethorpe went to
Purrysburg to row up the Savannah but the flood from the Cherikee
mountains prevented them: So they returned to Saltzburg settlement
190 The Mackenzie Papers
where they found 8 of them and their Minister at work, making
a shelter against the arrival of their families, and left carpenters,
who were come thither by his order to begin building the Town.
Mr Oglethorpe waited yesterday on their Majesties, and was received
with marks suitable to his distinguished merit.
C.M.E, 27 June 1734. Do Do London 22. Colonel Purry, who
about 2 years ago, went with 150 Swiss families to settle near
Georgia, met with such encouragement that about Christmas last
year he returned hither, went back to Switzerland, and having en-
gaged 400 of his country people, arrived in London last Wednesday
to get 3 ships ready to transport them. They are expected to embark
at Calais about the 20th of next month, and the Colonel goes with
them, to his new colony. From whence we have an account by ships
arrived from Carolina That the people have already built their new
town called Purrysburg, also, a church, and a fort with 6 guns and
are so laborious and industrious, that they not only subsist themselves
already, but are busy raising wines, silk &c. As this settlement as
well as Georgia is a barrier to Carolina, the government of that
colony gave them ;r5ooo Sterling to buy cattle to stock their lands
and tools for clearing them. The Indian King, or chief of the
Yamacrow Nation and his Nephew are brought over by Mr Ogle-
thorpe, as we hear, the former to pay homage to his Majesty, and
the latter to be instructed in the Christian religion.
C.M.E. I July 1734. Do Do London 25 June. Mr Oglethorpe
by his voyage to Georgia, the pains he has taken to succor and to
settle so many poor families in that colony, and the humanity
exercised towards them, has acquired such reputation as to receive
not only the thanks of the Trustees but the compliments of many
of the nobility, persons of distinction, and the merchants trading
towards Carolina on the Royal Exchange yesterday; after which that
gentleman dined at the house of Mr. Symmons, a French merchant
who is agent for the Colony. The Indian chiefs which came over
with him in the Aldburrough Man of War, are lodged near his
house in Westminister, are cloathed and maintained by order of his
A'lajesty: and the Carolina merchants design to entertain by subscrip-
tion at Pontacks, as the 6 other chiefs were about two years ago.
C.M.E. 2 July 1734. Wye's letter, verbatim, London, 27 June. A
Gentleman newly arrived from Georgia, gives the following more
particular account of the state of that Colony than has been yet
mentioned viz. That the people settled there is about 500, who have
already cleared from 2 to 4 acres of Land each, and planted them
with corn, potatoes, pcnsc, iieans, Yams, Cabbages, &cc. That 60
The Mackenzie Papers 191
houses are completely finished, with a church for divine worship.
That the people are all of the established religion, except a few Jews
who came thither by certificates, none being permitted without being
strictly examined. That there is a fine harbour i6 foot deep, and a
fort erected for securing it and Town Landward. Also, a magazine
well stored, with arms and ammunition. That by people coming there
to settle on their own bottoms, they have £ 1 500 Sterling silver and
halfpence, circulating amongst them. That several petty augers were
built there, to carry goods and passengers to and from Charles Town
for the use of trade. That they have plenty of horses, cattle. Hogs,
Fish and Poultry, and wild Turkey from 20 to 30 pounds weight
each. That a guard was set every night by turns, in which Mr
Oglethorpe took his turn regularly, as an example to the rest, to
prevent murmuring; and that Gentleman at times condescended even
to work at the barest labour himself, to encourage industry. That
shops are already set up in the new Town for selling such necessaries
as are wanting; and a stage and post is settled to Charles Town,
for conveyances of parcels and letters at a small expence. That two
Justices of the Peace, a Surveyor General, constables and tithing-
men are appointed; and all causes are determined in a summary way,
in the manner of the court of conscience of London, and records
kept of them; and 'tis remarkable that there's not a Lawyer amongst
them. The gentleman who gives this relation, and who has travelled
through Italy, remarks further, That the climate and soil in Georgia
is equal in goodness to the best of the (that? WM) country; and that
it was a sad parting, all being full of grief, when Mr. Oglethorpe took
his leave of the people.
C.M.E. 4 July 1734. Do Do London 29 June. Yesterday Mr.
Oglethorpe and several other Trustees for Georgia, went and dined
on board the Aldburrough, Man of War at Deptford, and afterwards
conducted up the river the Indian chiefs to their office in Palace
Yard; where they are lodged and entertained in a handsome manner,
and great civilities are shewed them.
C.M.E. 9 July 1734. Do Do London 4. Yesterday was held a board
of Trustees for Georgia, when the Indian Chiefs were recommended
by Mr Oglethorpe to their care and concern for them as being the
people tho' possest of that country, yet favoured the settlement of
the English there, and made an alliance with them for a mutual defence
and security; upon which the Trustees had a long conference with
them- by their interpreter. Mr Oglethorpe also recommended to
the Trustees their being introduced to his Majesty, for his favour
to them, which was promised, and some of Trustees have since
192 The Mackenzie Papers
waited on the Duke of Newcastle accordingly, and 'tis expected, they
will soon be admitted to wait on his Majesty at Kensington.
C.iM.E. 1 6 July 1734. Do Do London nth. We learn by letters
this day from Charles-Town in Carolina of the nth of May, That
the King of Manchees, a nation of the Western Indians, with 26
warriors, were come hither to acquaint the Governor of 300 of their
men, besides women and children, being killed by the French, and
to desire leave to settle with his people at Savannah, which affair
was under consideration.
C.M.E. 22 July 1734. Do Do London 16. Robes are making for
the Indian chiefs, and their pictures at full length are drawing to be
set up at the Trustees office.
C.AI.E. 25 July. Wye's letter, verbatim London 20. The Indian
Chiefs are now bedecked with new robes, at the expence of the
Trustees of Georgia such as their ancestors were strangers to; and
exclusive of politeness of behaviour, to which they can have no great
pretentions, their appearance is agreeable, being most of them robust,
well shaped and well featured: But, they are not to wear them pub-
lickly till their appearance before his Majesty, which is soon expected.
400 more Swiss are on the road to Calais, and soon expected to
embark there for the new Colony called Purrvsburg in America.
C.M.E. 30 July 1734. Do Do London 25. All our daily news
papers are mistaken in their account of the Indian Chiefs having
waited yesterday on his Majesty; no order being yet given for it;
but it is assured they will soon be conducted to court for that
purpose in his Majesty's Coaches. The Nobility &c resort daily to
see them; and A4r. Vernon, clerk of the council, and one of the
Trustees conducted them up the river this evening, to shew them
the country, and treated them with a handsome collation.
C.M.E. I St August Do Do London 27 July 1734. The new ship
of 250 Tons built by Colonel Purry, and two others, are to sail on
Monday next for Calais, to embark a great number of Swiss families
for the colony of Purrysburg, near Georgia, to both which colonies,
a large quantity of Iron and other manufactures have been exported
this week. The said colonies carry a prospect of becoming soon
useful and flourishing,
C.M.E. 8 August Do Do London 3. The young Indian prince
(not his Nephew, as was said) aged about 13, who is fine shap'd,
well featur'd and a very promising genius, is ordered to be christened
and sent to Westminister School for his education at his Majesty's
expense. Baron Von Reick [sic] who conducted the Salzburghers to
Georgia writes on the 5 of May to Mr. Oglethorpe that they had
The Mackenzie Papers 193
begun to build a town called Ebenezer, and clear the land with
good success; and had already planted all sorts of fruits, which by
the excellency of the soil shoot out in a wonderful manner.
C.M.E. 8 August 1734 Do Do 3d. From the London Gazette,
August 3d. Whitehall 3 August TomoChachi's speech to his Majesty
at his audience last Thursday, viz. This day I see the Majesty of
your face, the greatness of your house and the number of your
people. I am come for the good of the whole nation called the Creeks,
to renew the peace which long ago they had with the English. I am
come over in my old days: tho' I cannot live to see any advantage
to myself, I am come for the good of the children of all the nations
of the upper and of the lower Creeks, that they may be instructed
in the knowledge of the English. These are the feathers of the
Eagle, which is the swiftest of birds, and which flieth all round
our nations. These feathers are a sign of peace in our land, and
have been carried from town to town there, and we have brought
them over to leave with you, O great King, as a sign of everlasting
peace O, great King, whatsoever words you shall say unto me,
I will tell them faithfully to all the Kings of the Creek Nations.
(His Alajesty's most gracious answer — "I am glad of this" &cc (is
also given at length) WM.). TomoChachi's speech to the Queen: I
am glad to see this day, and the opportunity of seeing the mother of
this great people as our people is joined with your Majesty's, we
do humbly hope to find you the common mother and protectress of
us and our children. To which her Majesty returned a most gracious
answer. They were afterwards introduced to the Prince of Wales,
the duke, the Princess of Orange, Princesses Amelia, Caroline, Mary
and Louisa.
C.M.E. 13 August 1734. Do Do London 8. The Indian chiefs
returned yesterday with Mr Oglethorpe from Surry, and have the
compliment of two of the King's coaches to attend them, to see
what is curious in London and Westminister; and some talk he will
go back with them to Georgia to complete the settlement of that
Colony and one may truly say, considering his humanity, goodness
and judgement, no one more fit for that work,
C.M.E. 18 August 1734 Do Do London 10. The Indian chiefs,
attended by two of the King's coaches, were entertained yesterday
with the sight of Westminister-Abbey, the Cathedral of St. Paul's
and the Royal exchange, and greatly admired the grandeur of these
structures; and as it was the first time of their appearance in the City
there was a prodigious concourse of people to see them.
C.M.E. 19 August 1734. Do Do London 13. Colonel Purry, a
194 The Mackenzie Pai-eks
native of Switzerland who about 3 years ago, took with him 300
Swiss families, and settled them at Purrvsburg near Georgia having
met with great success in that undertaking, arrived in the downs
last Sunday in the Symonds, a new ship of 150 tons; and the James,
Captain Yoakley, from Calais, with 300 men, women, and children
and the Peter and James another ship with 100 more Swiss, was
hourly expected to sail together for Savannah and the Colonel goes
with them. The Indian Chiefs saw this day the customshouse and
curiosities in the Tavern.
C.M.E. 20 August 1734 Do Do London 15. Letters this day from
Georgia of the 14th of June advise, that the affairs of that Colony
are carried on with such success, that they have a prospect of a
flourishing Trade in a few years. Baron Van Reck is returned from
thence and going to Germany for more Saltzburghers to be sent to
the said colony.
C.M.E. 22 August 1734. Do Do London 17. The Indian chiefs
were ]ast Saturday even at the house of Dr. Desagulier, a fellow of
the Royal Society, to see several Philosophical experiments; and yes-
terday was conducted in two of the King's coaches to the Royal
Hospital at Chelsea where the invalids were drawn in Batallion, and
performed a fine exercise; and were afterwards treated by order
of Sir Robert Walpole.
C.M.E. 17 September 1734. Do Do London 12. The Trustees
for Georgia are taking up a large ship for a new embarkation of
families and artificers for that colony, and we hear the Indian Chiefs
are to return home in said ship.
C.M.E. ist October 1734. Do Do London 26 September. The
care and pains taken by the Honorable Trustees for Georgia, and
Mr. Oglethorpe in particular, to settle poor distressed families in a
country so abounding in all the necessaries of life, and so capable
of producing some of the richest and most useful Merchandizes
carry more and more appearance of being attended with all the
success wished for: since by the Gilbert, Captain Paul, from Carolina
we have the pleasure to hear by letters from Savannah of great
improvements already made there, by clearing the lands, planting
them with mulberry trees for raising silk, vines, rice &cc which
by the fitness and fertility of the soil, grow to admiration; so that
there is no doubt but the contributors to this charitable undertaking,
as well as the Trustees will be pleased to hear how well their bene-
factions have been bestowed. These letters are dated 2d August and
further remark that the houses built at Savannah and the country
about it are near 80 in number, and foundation laid for many more:
The Mackenzie Papers 195
That they have already one crop which produced looo bushels of
Indian corn in particular. That an alliance had been made with
another Indian nation called the Notchees, which will add yearly
to the advantages of trade, and the strength and security of that
Colony. Other letters from Georgia bring advice, That several of
the friendly Indians being a hunting on St. Simon's Island met with
4 Spaniards and 7 Indians, and obliged them to lay down their arms,
and give an account of their coming there; which they declared
was in behalf of the crown, to search for new settlements. Where-
upon, after parting with them, William Carriston Esq. ordered the
scoutboat, and 2 other boats, with 25 men to go in quest of them,
and stop their retreat if possible, in which they hoped to succeed,
'Tis further remarked, that the Saltzburghers go forward with good
success at their new settlement of Ebenezer, & were building a Town
there.
C.M.E. 17 October 1734 Do Do London 12. When the Indians
dined yesterday with George Heathcot Esq. M. P. and one of the
Trustees for Georgia that gentleman treated them with great civility
and respect & presented the young prince, who is remarkably im-
proved in talking, reading and writing English with a bible gilded
and lettered with gold. A great many people are gone, and more
going daily, to settle in Carolina, by reason that Colony is so well
secured by that of Georgia, and abundance of land which hitherto
lay useless, are now cultivating; so that the value of lands situated
between both colonies is remarkably risen. An estate which was
offered 3 years ago for /250 sold lately for 1000 Guineas. The
prince of Wales, Captain Dunbar, of 200 tons and 10 guns, is ap-
pointed to carry the Indian Chiefs to Georgia and will sail next week.
C.M.E. 21 October 1734. Do Do London 15. The ship which carries
the Indian Chiefs is to take in 45 Saltzburghers daily expected from
Rotterdam, for their new settlement near Georgia of which Colony
and the town of Savannah a curious plan has been presented to his
Majesty and the Trustees by Mr. Oglethorpe drawn by Mr. Gordon
in March last,
C.M.E. 24 October 1734, Do Do. London iq. The Indian Chiefs
went yesterday in the Kings coaches by invitation to the Duke of
Chandois seat at Cannons, and were by his grace elegantly entertained,
but their embarkation is delayed till the arrival of the Saltzburghers
from Rotterdam.
C.M.E. November ist, 1734. Do Do London 26 October. Wednes-
day evening last Mr Pointz going with a present from the Duke of
Cumberland, of a gold repeating watch to the young Indian prince
196 The Mackenzie Papers
and delivering it, asked him: what a clock it was by it? to which
he answered very right; sir, it is almost 7. Mr Pointz then replied.
When ever you look on this watch, call upon Jesus Christ. To
which he answered sir, I do so every morning and night. A4r Pointz
added the Duke wishes you a good voyage, and desires to hear from
you after your return home. Air Pointz speaking to the interpreter,
desired him to ask Tomochachi what remarks he had made in Eng-
land. To which he made answer in substance. That he admired the
grandeur of the British court and nation, the number of the people,
the riches of the inhabitants, the magnificence of the buildings,
their extensive trade and commerce, their benevolence; but more
particularly of the Trustees towards them, of which for his part
he should always retain a greatful remembrance, and make suitable
report to his and the neighbouring nations, to inspire them with
like sentiments, that the English settlement in Georgia may reap
the good effect of it. That he wondered the English should go out
of such a land of plenty to seek support in a foreign country; That
he admired the young Duke's riding the great horse at Major
Foubert's with such dexterity; and lastly thanked his Majesty for
the use of the coaches and their favours. The Saltzburghers who are
to go with them, are to be at the German Church in Trinity lane
tomorrow being Sunday, to hear divine service there and the Germans
residing in London have collected / 1 50 charity for them.
C.M.E. 4 November 1734. Do Do London 29 October. The new
plan presented by Mr Gordon to his Majesty, of the Town of
Savannah and the Colony of Georgia, so far as it was cleared of
the woods (dedicated to the Honorable the Trustees) is now printed
and published, containing about 100 houses alread[yl built, and
foundations for the rest, also the church, the parsonage house, the
store houses, Mr Oglethorpes tent, the fort and battery of 12
cannon each the river running by the town, several ships lying at
anchor, representation of the neighbouring woods, Hutchensons' is-
land opposite to the town, excellent land for the feeding of cattle.
Which plan is reckoned a great curiosity and is no small honour
to Mr Oglethorpe in making choice of a situation so delightful, and
convenient for trade and commerce, and at the same time it shows
what may be done by labour and industry in so short a time.^^ The
Sal/burghers, 56 in number were last Sunday at the German Church
in this city, where a sermon was preached suitable to their case
and circumstances, setting forth the happiness of being delivered
from imprisonment and persecution, of worshipping God according
to their consciences, of the beneficence shewed toward them in send-
The Mackenzie Papers 197
ing them to the country where they have such a prospect of support-
ing themselves, and being useful to this nation which wrought their
deliverance; and exhorted them to be thankful to providence and
to their benefactors, and to act their part with diligence and in-
dustry. The[y] were neatly cloathed and behaved with great devo-
tion. M. Van [sic] Reck their conductor and Mr Oglethorpe were
present; £4y were collected at the church doors for them, and the
elders of the congregation treated with a handsome Dinner at the Dog
Tavern. I should have added that they received the sacrament in the
morning with great devotion.
C.Al.E. 12 November 1734 Do Do London 7. (In list of imports,
WA4.) 5780 Deerskins from Carolina and Georgia.
C.M.E. 3 December 1734. Do Do London 28. Yesterday at a
meeting of the Trustees for Georgia Thomas Archer, Esq; one of
that body gave ^^50 for sending poor families to that colony. Many
applications were made by persons of substance, to go over with
servants at their own expence, and grants of land were ordered for
them. And divers letters from people in Germany, desirous of the
like favour were read: as also petitions from several English families.
All which were referred to the consideration of the next Board.
C.M.E. 31 December Do Do London 26. Letters this day by the
William, Captain Baker, from South Carolina of the 13 November
advise the arrival at Charles Town of 70 Cherokee Indian Traders,
to sue for a peace and accomodation of the differences with that
Colony, and to renew their commerce which had been suspended
for some months. These Indians were well received by the Governor
and Council, who are settling treaties with them. These letters add,
that Colonel Purry was arrived at Savannah with 3 ships, which sailed
hence in August with 300 more Swiss for his new settlement at
Purr)^sburg, which goes on with good success, as does also ours
at Savannah for better encouragement whereof, compleating the
building of the Town and securing it with additional forts and
people, some aid is expected from the ensuring Parliament.
C.M.E. 9 January 1735. Do Do London 4. The Dean and Chapl[alin
of Westminster have given /20 toward building a church at Savannah
in Georgia.
C.M.E. 13 January Wye's letter verbatim, London 7. They write
from Charles Town in Carolina of the 16 November that on the
arrival there of Colonel Purry with 260 more Swiss Protestants, the
Governor Robert Johnson Esq. recommended in a speech to the
General Assembly the making provision for subsisting them; which
his Majesty expects, as looking on Purrysburg and Georgia the
198 The Mackenzik Papers
greatest benefit and security imaginable to Carolina their interest
being inseparable. Upon which orders were given to furnish them
with Tools, cattle, and all necessaries. 'Tis added that among the
Swiss were 40 Piedmonteze, persecuted for their religion as Protestants
who are to be employed in raising Silk as in their own country.
C.M.E. 13 February 1735. Do Do 8. An extract of a Journal of
Mr Commissary Van Reck, who conducted the first transport of Saltz-
burghcrs to Ga, translated from the German tongue, is just published^"
wherein is the following description of the Colony called Ebenezer,
21 miles from Savannah, where they are settled. A little river whose
water is as clear as crystal, glides by the Town, another runs
through it, and both fall into the Ebenezer: The woods here are not
so thick as in other places: the sweet Zephyrs preserve a delicious
coolness notwithstanding the scorching Beams of the Sun. There are
fine meadows, in which a great quantity of hay may be made with
little pains. There are also hillocks fit for vines: The cedar Walnut
Pine and Oak make the greatest part of the Woods. &cc (The rest
of the extract is unimportant, WM.)
C.AIE, 17 March 1735. Do Do London 11. Letters from Savannah
of the 28 of December give the following account of the state of
that Colony, viz. That the number of English settled there is upwards
of 1200. That about 120 houses of the new Town are compleated,
with a well to each, well planted with potatoes yams &cc which grow
to admiration, as indeed does everything that is sown. That since the
lands about said Town are cleared, and the sun has its influence, the
place is very healthful, and in the river, a ship of 250 tons will ly
at low Water, so great hopes are conceived of the settling in time
a flourishing and beneficial trade. They write from Charles Town
of the loth of January that the assembly has voted a large supply
for the Swiss Settlement at Purrysburg, as being the greatest barrier
and security possible to Carolina. And a supply of / 10,000 more is
expected to be granted by the Parliament for Georgia.
C.iM.E. 3 April, 1735. London 29 March. The James, Captain
Yoakly which arrived in 22 days from Georgia, and is the first ship
that was cleared out from thence, has brought from thence a great
quantity of Rice, and Raw Silk.
C.M.E. 15 April. Do Do London 10. The Trustees for Georgia
have under consideration, how to apply the / 26,000 granted by the
Parliament in the best manner, for the use of the Colony and the
benefit of trade.
C.M.E. I May, 1735. London 26 April. They have made some
dispositions both there (Carolina) and in Georgia for manufacturing
The Mackenzie Papers 199
pot and pearl ashes; and they have lately propagated a large number
of white Mulberry Trees for the subsistance of Silk worms, in hopes
of accomplishing a Silk manufacture. Their soil is also thought
capable of producing good vines; and they have hopes that several
valuable drugs might be produced in Georgia which they design
to bring from Natolia, Syria and other places in the streights that
lie in the same latitude with this province.
C.M.E. 8 May, 1735. Do Do London 3. This week was imported
from Georgia, a large cask of Potashes made in that Colony as a
specimen, which is to be viewed by the Trustees on Monday and if it
proves well, that manufacture may perhaps save the nation several
thousand pounds yearly. The James, Captain Yoakley is fitting out
and will sail in a few days on a 3d voyage to Savannah.
C.M.E. 13 May, 1735. Do Do London 8. The James, Captain
Yoakley, is to sail next week for Savannah in Georgia, with 60 persons
to settle in that Colony and to work on fortifications for security
thereof.
C.M.E. 9 June, 1735. Do Do London 3. We are told that near
1000 more people will be sent in August next to Georgia; from
whence we learn, that they have begun to raise Potashes, Tar, Pitch,
&CC with good success.
C.M.E. 14 July, 1735. Do Do London 8. We hear that Mr. Ogle-
thorpe is about to return in the Symmons Captain Cornish, who will
soon sail with goods and passengers for Savannah to see the settle-
ment of that Colony to compleatment.
C.M.E. II Aug 1735 Do Do London 5. A great many more
families are to embark in a few days for Georgia, and for another
new Colony which is ordered more southward, near the gulph of
Florida. 'Tis assured Mr Oglethorpe will go thither suddenly: and
the Trustees went down on Friday on board the ship appointed
to transport them, to visit the provisions and conveniences for their
passage: And a petition is presented to the Queen by the Trustees
for ordnance to the forts to be erected there.
C.ALE. 19 Aug 1735 Do Do London 14. The following regula-
tions are made by the Trustees for Georgia, viz That such persons
as carry 10 men servants, and settle with them in Georgia at their
own expense, and whose character upon enquiry the Trustees shall
approve of will be granted 500 acres of land in tail-male, and descend
to the heirs male of their bodies for ever, under the yearly rent of
20 S. sterling money for every 100 acres, for the support of the
Colony: the payment of which is not to commence until 10 years
after the grant, and the land is to be granted upon the following
200 The Mackenzie Papers
conditions and covenants: that they within 12 months from the grant
shall go to arrive in Georgia with 10 able bodied men servants being
each of the age of 20 years and upwards; that they shall abide in
Georgia with such men servants 3 years from the registering the
grant there, building their houses and cultivating their lands; that
they shall clear and cultivate within 10 years from the grant 200
acres of land, part of the said 500 acres, and plant 12,000 white
mulberry trees or plants, when cleared, and preserve the same quantity
from time to time thereupon the Trustees oblidging themselves to
furnish the plants.
C.M.E. II Septr, 1735 Do Do London 6. James Oglethorpe Esq.
is to embark in a fortnight's time on board the Symonds for Georgia.
C.M.E. 18 Sept. 1735 London. The Hawk sloop. Captain Gas-
coigne, is stationed at Georgia for 3 years.
C.M.E. 16 Octr. 1735. Do Do London 11. On Tuesday next up-
wards of 50 families are to go on board the Simmonds and the
London, both bound for Georgia, and are to be convoyed by the
Hawk — sloop of 18 guns, in which James Oglethorpe Esqr. is to
sail next Friday for the said Colony.
C.M.E. 6 Novr. 1735. Do Do London i. Last Wednesday was
held the first Board of the Trustees for the Colony of Georgia since
the departure of Mr Oglethorpe when several persons applied for
grants of lands in Georgia, and to go on their own bottoms with
their servants, which was agreed to. Several Petitions were delivered
from poor families that they may be suffered to go over upon the
charity, which were ordered to be admitted, and are to taken notice
of when opportunity offers. And this day at a common council of
said Trustees money was ordered for payment of the late embarka-
tion.
C.M.E. 20 Novr. 1735. Do Do London 15. On Wednesday last
the associates of the late Dr. Bray, for settling a colony in America
instructing the Negroes of the British Plantations in the Christian
religion, and for settling the Parochial libraries in Great Britain
met at the Georgia office, and made a further progress in that affair.
The same day there was a board of the Trustees for settling lands
for persons going over at their own charges carrying servants with
them, who are to sail for Gravesend on Tuesday next,
C.M.E. 19 April 1736. By the last letter from Georgia dated the
15 February 'tis advised, that Captain Dunbar with his Highlanders
was settled in the southern parts of that country. That Mr. Ogle-
thorpe was highly caressed by the Indians, and was with their chiefs
who had been in England on board the Simons at the time of writing
The Mackenzie Papers 201
the letter, and that the Colony of Georgia was in a most thriving
condition.
C.M.E. 2ist June 1736. Do Do London 15. Georgia 12 April Mr.
Houston brings accounts from Frederica, that some of the Creek
Indians had been, and cut off one of the Spanish garrisons opposite
to St. Johns and killed and taken 7 of the Spaniards, which were all
in the fort. The Governor of St. Augustine sent to Mr Oglethorpe
to demand satisfaction, and say he could find but two of his men,
who were both dead in the fort.
C.Ai.E. 22 June 1736 London 17 Frederica in Georgia 12 April —
We have already made a communication by land to Carolina and
also, with America. Captain Macpherson came overland from Sa-
vannah to Darien, which is 70 miles above us where are now above
100 Highlanders who bear arms. Tomachicha Mico, Tooanochowi,
his nephew, &c have carried Mr. Oglethorpe to a high ground near
the frontiers, told him that this was the boundary betwixt the
English and Spanish nations. Accordingly Mr Hugh Mackay with a
party of Highlanders marked out a fort and called it St. Andrews;
and Tooanahowi pulling out a Watch he got in England from H. R. H.
the Duke, gave the name Cumberland to the isle. Mr Oglethorpe has
since visited the fort, and after thanking the Highlanders, offered
to carr)^ such of 'em back as pleased, but none of them would go,
saying that as long as there was any danger, they would stay, 'tho
they should lose their next harvest. Mr Oglethorpe appeared to them
all in Highland dress, which made them all call out to Captain
Dunbar, Where is Mr Oglethorpe.
C.M.E. 29 June 1736 London 24. 'Twas yesterday currently re-
ported, that the Spaniards had attacked some of the English settlements
in Georgia and killed several people.
C.M.E. 13th July 1736 Do Do London 8. Meeting of Trustees
to receive A'lr Millar their Botanist, lately from Vera Cruz, made
report of the drugs, plants, that he sent to Georgia. (This is substance
of a notice. WM.)
C.M.E. 29 July 1736. Do Do London 24th. By a letter from Charles-
town in South Carolina, we learn, that the Spanish Governor of St.
Augustine in Florida and Mr Oglethorpe have agreed to remain in
friendship and live neighbourly, and refer the boundaries to the 2
crowns, that Mr, Oglethorpe was at Savannah in Georgia, where
he arrived 28th Mav from the new settlement on the Atlantahannah
[sic], that on the 4th June he was hourly expected at Charlestown
where 15 guns were got ready to salute him, and that he was to
lodge at the house of Colonel Finwick \sic].
202 The Mackenzie Papers
Edinburgh 26th August 1843
I certify that the above extracts from the Caledonian Mercury con-
tain verbatim every notice referring to Georgia from 20th July 1732
to 29 July 1736. And that with the exception of words contracted
as Ga, Ca &cc it is in all respects as in the original.
William Mackenzie
Edinburgh 30th Augt 1843. Subjoined are a few works I have
partially perused in the Advocates Library, and which appear to me,
as far as I am able to judge, are likely to be of great value to the
future historian of Georgia. The numbers of the Scots iMagazine
from 1739, viz Dispute about Carolina and Georgia, October, P. 440.
Do P. 457 [and p. 686,] our right to Georgia and Carolina considered,
P. 457. Appendix for October 1739, P. 497. Do. 508. Scots Magazine
for 1739 &CC (Raynal Tome Neuvieme, December 18, 19 & 20).
Scots Magazine, March 1740, P. 138. on 9th September insurrection
of negroes in Carolina 40 killed and 20 whites Ditto. Governor
Oglethorpe, his success, 186-334. Defended 528. Gentlemans Maga-
zine 1736, Vol. 6, Duties payable by South Carolina, an act of 1732-
33 [p. 572]. Georgia Colony of 25 p. 229 letter dated Savannah 14
February 1735-6. Letter from Carolina p. 551. Mr Oglethorpe in Geor-
gia 2 [articles] p. 229-357. Gentlemans Magazine Vol. 7 — 1736 [1737]
page 575. From Georgia extract of the Reverend Mr. John Wesley's
Journal Minister of Savannah Georgia. State of the Colony there p. 59—
Claimed by the Spaniards p. 500 — their pretentions disproved p. 516-
576. Reverend Mr Wesley in Georgia p. 575. From an English Gentle-
man at the Havana of the Spaniards designs against Georgia p. 705. Rev-
erend Mr. Wesley's conference with the Indians p. 318. Gentleman's
Magazine, Vol. 5, 1735. Sir T. Lombe presents some Georgia silk to her
Majesty p. 498. James Oglethorp Esq embarks for Georgia p. 617.
His head for a gold Medal p. 778. As an instance of the manner in
which the affairs of Georgia are treated in the works above referred
to, I shall quote a passage at random — ["]The article for adjusting
territorial limits seems to be particularly calculated by Spain, with
a view of contracting our boundaries in Carolina, which is expressly
mentioned in the preliminary convention, and it is confidently re-
ported that the Spanish Minister gives out every where, that his
Court will upon no account whatsoever acquiesce in our possession
of Georgia. It is expressly stipulated in the late convention, that we
shall not increase the fortifications there, nor take any 77e'w posts,
'tho money was granted by Parliament but last year for that purpose.
Let us therefore see how that matter stands. Carolina as far as the
degree of 29 Southern latitude was granted by King Charles II soon
The Mackenzie Papers 203
after his restoration to particular proprietors. After this came the
treaties of 1667 and 1670, which allowed us all that was then in our
possession. These treaties, therefore being subsequent to this grant —
and the possession of these grantees it follows that the undoubted
property belongs to them. And if we strictly examine how far the
29th degree stretches, it is my opinion we can prove a much better
right to fort St. Augustine, than they can to Georgia. But let us go
farther. This country was afterwards bought by the publick, with
publick money, from the several proprietors, at the instance of the
present administration, and at very large expence, alledging that great
use might be made of it, and that it was a frontier of the utmost
importance against Spain. Nay, one Noble Lord, not caring to sell
his property, which was an 8th part of the whole, had great clamour
raised against him, by our present Ministers, for obstructing in some
measure, the views of public utility at that time. However, he con-
sented to give up all necessary power to the Crown, reserving to
himself only the 8 part of all future profits." Afterwards an argument
for retaining Georgia, and the very large sum it has cost the Nation
&cc, Scots Magazine P. 75 — 1739. I here append a list of some works
I observe in the Advocates Library that may be useful in preparing
the early history of the Colony of Georgia. The collection of books
is now over two hundred thousand and I don't pretend that I have
even carefully gone over the Catalogues. The field to too [sic]
large for one engaged as I am in stated and laborious duties, of a
totally opposite description. America containing the original of the
inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither; the conquest of
the vast empires of Mexico & Peru, and their large provinces and
territories, with the several European Plantations in those parts.
London 1671, in fol. Americanae historicae, 11 vol. 2 tom. Franco-
forti ad maenum et oppenhamii 1590- 16 19 in fol. Americae tomi un-
decimi - appendix, Neu Navigatis a Georgia a Spillbergen &cc Franco-
forti in fol. American Atlas, chiefly of the British Colonies, London
1775 in fol. V. Morse. Bibliotheca Americo Septentrionalis; being a
choice collection of books in various languages relating to North
America. Paris 1820, 8 vo. — Political state Great Britain from 171 1
to 1739. by A. Boyer, London 1739 — 58 vol. 8 vo. History of the
British dominions in North America from 1497. London 1773. Con-
siderations on Georgia — reasons for a colony there. London 1732.^"
Along with this manuscript is sent to Wm. B. Hodgson, Esqr. of
Savannah one Vol. of Historical Pamphlets containing ist, Account
of the taking of Cartagena; 2d, the expedition to Cartagena; 3d, The
expedition to Cuba — original papers; 4, Historical narrative of the
204 The Mackenzie Papers
Colony of Georgia; 5, Cadogans Spanish History [Hireling] detected
being a refutation of the Impartial account of Oglethorpe's expedi-
tion.°^
To Wni. B. Hodgson, Savannah, Georgia
Edinburgh 30th August 1843
Extracts from the minutes of a meeting of the Town Council of
Inverness held on the 22nd day of September 1735.
That day the said Magistrates and Councill having a particular
regard for the Honorable James Oglethorpe Esq. one of the Trustees
for the Collonie of Georgia on account of his publick spirit in pro-
moting the settlement of that Collonie to the great advantage of the
trade of the nation Did Create receive and admit the said Honble.
James Oglethorp Burges and Guild broyer of the said Burgh by
Captain George Dunbar Commander of one of the ships pertaining
to and employed for the advancement of the said Collonie as his
proxie ordaining a Burges Act to be given the proxie in order to be
delivered by him to the sd. Honble. James Oglethorp in token of
their particular esteem for him as a promoter of the national interest.
Extracted by me Depute Town Clerk of Inverness from the Council
Records. /s/ D. Maclennan
The Mackintoshes of Savannah in Georgia, U. S. of America &
who are the descendants of Captain John Mackintosh, alias John
More (being the Galic term of large) sprung from the Mackintosh
family of Borlum about five miles West from Inverness. The Borlum
branch of the Mackintoshes sprung from William Mackintosh who
was second son of Lachlan Mackintosh of Mackintosh who was the
1 6th Chief of the Clan and Captain of Clan Chattan who married
in 1567 Agnes daughter of Kenneth McKenzie, tenth Baron of
Kintail.
This statement is copied from the most authentic account of the
Clan Mackintosh & collateral families, being a manuscript in my
possession. /s/ A. Mackintosh^^
Farr near Inverness, 13 Sept. 1844
[Enclosure: ]
Mackintosh of Georgia U.S.A.
I. Lachlan Mackintosh who was the first of this family was second
son of William Mackintosh of Borlum (No. Ill of that branch
by Marv, daughter of [William] Baillie of Dunain. He resided
first at Raits and afterwards got a tack of Cullards of Borlum
and was at one time designed "Baillie of Badenock." He married
Mnrv daughter of John Lockhart of Inverness. Issue:
The Mackenzie Papers 205
I St. John of whom below.
2d. Alexander. [Issue:] i. Christian, died young, 2. Mary-
married Wm. Maclean brother to John Maclean of
Da vochgarroch [ Dochgarroch? ] .
3. Jane— married the Reverend James Lessie [Leslie?] who
was minister of the parish of Moy in 1745.
This lady [Mary Lockhart Mackintosh] died in 17 13, and he [Lachlan,
I, above] died 29 Jany. 1735— both buried in the Grey Friars Inverness.
[Source:] Particular register of Sasines for Inverness; Sheriff Court
Records Inverness 1734; Sheriff Court Records. 1739.
II. Captain John Mackintosh above mentioned son of the before
mentioned Lachlan, was born in Bradenoch 24 March 1700. He
was styled "John More" big John. He married at Dores 4 March
1725, Margory daughter of John Fraser of Garthmore of the
family of Gortuleg, by Elizabeth, daughter of Fraser of Eroggy
[or Errogie]. She was born at Boles Kine 1701. Issue: 8 sons
and 3 daughters, Vizt.
I. William. Born in Borlum 27 Jany. 1726, of whom below.
2d. Lachlan— Born at Achugcha, near Raits, in Badenoch,
oj whom afterwards.
3d. John— Born at Balchroan [Ballochroan] near Kingussie
in Badenoch. He went to Jamaica, where he lived much
respected and died several years since unmarried.
4. Alexander. 5. Joseph. 6. Phineas. 7. Lewis. All of whom
died young in Scotland.^^
8. George. Born at Darien, Georgia, 24 May 1739, of
whom hereafter.
I St. Mary. 2. Janet, both died young in Scotland.
3. Mary Ann— bom at Darien, Georgia 18 April 1737, of
whom below.
The family took shipping on board of the Prince of Wales, Captain
George Dunbar at Inverness in Octr. 1735, with some hundred people
for the new colony of Georgia— came in at Tybee Bar in the beginning
of Jany. 1736, and landed at Darien, upon the river Alatamaha, the
place of their destination, the first of Feby. same year. This John
Mackintosh head of the family was a sensible gentlemen, and much
respected by General Oglethorpe for his courage and integrity.
He was appointed Captain of a Highland Company, the first corps
of the kind stationed in America. He distinguished himself at the
seige [sic] of Frederica, when attacked by the Spaniards, and also
at the seige of St. Augustine by General Oglethorpe, when he was
taken prisoner, after losing most of his men, in defending Fort Moosa.
206 The Mackenzie Papers
He was sent prisoner to Aiadrid, and was exchanged at the treaty
of Aix-la-Chappel in 1748. He died at Borlum^^ on Sapello River near
Darien, province of Georgia in Septr. 1761. [Source:] Copied from
leaf in family Bible of Captain John Mackintosh.
III. William Mackintosh his eldest son was a very gentlemenly, re-
spectable character. He took part in the revolution and was
appointed Colonel of the first regiment of Cavalry on the
Georgia Continental line. He married Miss Jane Mackay or
Mackoy. Issue.
1. John, of whom below.
2. Lachlan. He was a Major in the revolutionary war, and
upon the staff of General Nash. He was a beautiful
public speaker and a fine writer for an unlettered
region. He married first Miss Mackintosh of S. C. and
2dly Mrs, Nash. 3dly Mrs. Maxwell. Issue:
1 . Lachlan. Married Aiiss Wall. Issue Lachlan and
other children.
2. James. Married . Lieut. U. S. Navy.
[Daughters of Lachlan, 2 above:]
I St. Hester
2. Ann
3d. Maria, the Authoress
3d. William. Married Eliza Fraser. Issue one son
[William], who died without issue.
4. Donald [George?]. An officer in the Army,
died unmarried.
[Daughters of William, III above:]
I. Margery. Married James Spalding of the family of
Spalding Ashantilly in Aberdeenshire. Issue, an only
child, Thomas Spalding of Sapelo Island and a gentle-
man of the first talents and fortune in the state. Married
Sarah daughter of Richard Leake. Issue Charles Spalding
and other children.
2d. Barbara. Married William Mackintosh of Marlow or
Mallow* nephew of the celebrated Rory Mackintosh.
Issue. 2d. William, ist. John. Both died without issue.
I. Jane married Henry Gignilliat. Issue. 2d. Ann.
3d. Hester. Married her cousin George Baillie Mackin-
tosh. Issue. George, Mary, Ann and other children.
•This William went to America at the beginning of
the revolution was agent for the Creek Indians under
Colonel StuniT. He \\'as father of the distinguished
The Mackenzie Papers 207
General William Mackintosh (by an Indian Princess)
sometime Chief of the Creek Nation and also Uncle
to the present Governor [Troup inserted in a different
hand] of the State, George Mackintosh [Michael]
Troup. The murder of General Mackintosh (William's
son) has become an interesting point in the history of
the U.Ss. by the agitation which it occasioned between
the State of Georgia and the Union, as to the causes
which lead to the dreadful catastrophy. William of
Mallow was brave and generous. He was physically and
' morally qualified to have figured in the most desperate
strife.
Hester married Alexander Baillie. Issue
Margery — married John Kell. Issue several
children.
William No. Ill of this memoir died at Darien aged
upwards of 70 years. [Source: ] Ibidem.
IV. John Mackintosh, his eldest son was a Lieutenant Colonel during
the revolutionary war and behaved gallantly upon several oc-
casions. He married Miss Sarah Swinton. Issue.
I St. William of whom below.
2d. John married Rokenbaugh of Virginia. Had issue.
3d. Alexander.
4. James. Married a lady of New York. Issue.
5. George Baillie, married his cousin Hester, daughter of
William Mackintosh of Mallow. Issue.
V. William Mackintosh his eldest son a Lieutenant in the Navy
married Miss Maria Hillary. Issue, ist. John [,] William and
other children. Of the sons and grandsons of John Mackintosh
No. II there were seven in the revolutionary war, all brave and
bearing high commissions; The other descendants were too young
for the Field, or they would have all fought for independence.
I St. Lachlan Mackintosh second son of Captain John Mack-
intosh No. II of the preceding memoir was appointed
Colonel of the first regiment of the Georgia Infantry;
at the close of the revolutionary war, he was a Major
General by Brevet, but he served as Brigadier during
the [illegible] war with honor and credit to himself.
The recommendation of General Washington to Con-
gress to give a separate command to General Mackin-
tosh is published in the official letters and correspond-
ence of that great man.
208 The Mackenzie Pai'EKs
He was a deeply thinking mathematically minded
man, capable of all the combinations that war could
require. He married Miss Sarah Threadcraft. Issue.
[i] Lachlan— He was one of Genl. Washingtons
staff and was honored with his commanders
confidence. He died unmarried at the close of
the revolutionary war beloved and respected
by all who knew him.
2d. John, died unmarried. He was an officer in
the revolutionary war.^^
3d. William. He was a distinguished officer and
was killed before Savannah.^^ He married Mrs.
Tate a widow lady. Had issue.
4th and 5th. George and Henry [Laurens]. Both
died unmarried.
6th. John Hampden of whom beloiv.
[Daughters:]
I St. Hester, married J. P. Ward. Issue 3 children
and afterwards Nicholas Bayard, a descendant
of the brother of the celebrated Bayard. Issue
Jane and Margaret.
2d. Catherine— Married Charles Harris a lawyer
of eminence in Georgia. Issue. An only child
Sarah. Married Nicholas S. Bayard. Issue one
daughter. Mr. Harris died in 1829.^'^ He was
by his father connected to Harris, Lord Malms-
bury and by his mother with the Dvmock's.
Mrs Harris was a sister to Dymock who of-
ficiated at the coronation of Geo. Ill and
grand aunt to John Dymock, who officiated at
the coronation of Geo. 4th. After the seige
of Savh. by Count de Estaing Genl. Mackin-
tosh commanded a division of the American
troops which he led at the storming of the
place. His wife the late venerable Mrs Mack-
intosh with 3 sons and 2 daughters were in
the Town. Genl. Mackintosh sent a Flag the
day before the bombardment of the place to
request Genl. Prevost to allow his wife and
children to leave the city. This was immedi-
ately refused and the seige of the city followed.
The abode of Mrs Mackintosh was just [torn]
The Mackenzie Tapeks 209
of attack and that led on in part [torn] and
Father, and uvo of his [torn]. But the Genl.
and his Boys were Patriots and Romans as
all the distinguished men of that day were.
The seige was terrible, but of short duration
and unsuccessful. The British officers behaved
with great attention and kindness, and raising
a small mound of Sand on the line of fire and
lodged Mrs Mackintosh and her children in a
cellar; near this was a Well. A shell fell in
and burst, destroyed the well and alarmed the
family very much— but Mrs Mackintosh was
above all fear, and from time to time, was
attending some sick officers in the same house,
who had been quartered there. Whilst the
balls were whistling around and perforating
the abode, her sons George, Henry and
Hampden were running about the streets
picking up the spent balls (as they said) to
send to the Americans. This is literally what
Mrs Mackintosh told when speaking upon
the subject. These little anecdotes may
please and are worthy of the spirit and charac-
ter of the clan. Genl. Lachlan Mackintosh
died 20 Febv. 1806 aged 82 years.^^ [Source:]
From leaf of the family Bible of General
Lachlan Mackintosh.
II. John Hampden Mackintosh sixth and youngest son of Genl.
Lachlan. He was a worthy and hospitable man. He married
Charlotte Nephew. Issue- ist. Lachlan. i. Mary, married the
Revd. Mr. Whiston [Winston]. 2. Maria.
Note. The children of Hampden Mackintosh, the two daughters
of Hester Mackintosh, and the grandchildren of Catherine Mack-
intosh are all that remain of that branch.
I. George Mackintosh 8th and youngest son of Captn. John Mack-
intosh alias "John More" He married Ann daughter of Sir
Patrick Houston [Houstoun] one of the first Emigrants to the
Colony. They left one son and a daughter vizt. i. John Houston
of ivhom next. i. Priscilla— Died in early life. He died in 1779
aged 40 years.
II. John Houston Mackintosh now of Georgia near St. Marys
America, a sensible and respectable Planter. He is the only grand-
210 The Mackenzie Pai'eks
child of Captain ]ohn Mackintosh the first of the family now
living. He married Elizabeth Bayard of New York. Issue two
sons and two daughters vizt.
1. John Houston.
2d. George— married Euphemia Hamilton of North Carolina.
Issue one son.
I St. Catherine Ann— married Henry R. Sadler. Issue one son
and trvvo daughters.
2. Elizabeth married Duncan Lemon [Lamont] Clinch, a
Col. in the U. S. army. Issue 3 sons and 3 daughters.
I. Mary Ann Mackintosh the youngest and only surviving daughter
of Capn. John Mackintosh alias "John More" married Robt.
Baillie of the family of Baillie Coulter in Scotland. They were
much beloved and marked for the hospitality of their mansion,
which virtue descended to the children. Mr Baillie took the
British side in the revolution, but was still equally respected
by the Americans. He died near Darien. They had issue 9
children, vizt.
I St. died unmarried. [2.] John of whom below.
3. - 4.
1. Euphemia married her cousin Lachlan Mackintosh son
of William III of first branch being his 3d wife. No
issue.
2. - 3.
4. Margery^** married [William] Davis [Davies]. Issue;
John, Robert, Ann and Mary.
II. lohn Baillie their second son married - - - . Issue one son vizt.
[Illegible]
III. Robert Baillie in Scotland to a relative (a niece) of Mr. Menzies
Baillie, his uncle (since dead) who lived near Edinburgh and
whose estate he now enjoys [torn]. Robert is of course grand-
son to [torn] Mackintosh and great grandson [torn]
With regard to the late Sir John Stewart, G. C.B. & K. B. who
distinguished himself so greatly at the battle of Merida — he was
Son to Captain John Stewart of the 77th Regt. or Montgomerys High-
landers (& Son of Baillie John Stewart of Inverness) he was British
Consul & Superintendent of the Southern States & settled in Charles-
town South Carolina. The oldish portrait you saw in the dining room
at Farr was that of Marjory Stewart (my great Grand Mother) and
Grand Aunt to the late Sir John Stewart. [One line torn] the late
Lady Mackintosh of Mackintosh. Another daughter of Lady Lydia
Grants — named Marjory to Duncan McDonnell of Glengarry and
The Mackenzie Pai'EKs 211
mother to the late Alexr. McDonnell of Glengarry who was a friend
of Sir Walter Scotts — and to General Sir James McDonnell last year
on the Staff in Canada and who distinguished himself so greatly with
the Coldstream Guards in defending the post of Hugomont during
the battle of Waterloo. The late Glengarry's Sister Elizabeth is the
mother of the present Chisholm the chief of that clan.
The Mackintosh family of Geddes is an older branch of the
Borlum family.
6 — Joseph the 6th son of William the 2d of Borlum was the
Progenitor the Raigmore family. The present Lachlan Mackintosh
Esqr. of Raigmore who resides near Inverness Established the House
of Mackintosh & Co. in Calcutta in India. Lydia, daughter of William
3d of Borlum. She married Sir Patrick Grant of Dalvey. Their Son
Sir Lodvick Grant (whose portrait I might have shown to you) was
father to Margaret, Lady Mackintosh wife of the late Sir Aeneas
Mackintosh of Mackintosh. It was the portrait of this Lady you saw
in the dining room at Farr. The present Sir Alexr. Eneas Grant
of Maulsanger [?] House [line torn] nephew to Henry who settled
as a Merchant in South Carolina. These remarks which I have drawn
up from my manuscript will possibly be acceptable to your friends
in America.
I remain Sir
Yours very sincerely
/s/ A. Mackintosh
For Dr Wm Mackenzie of Edinburgh Inverness
Note 2d. From the foregoing memoirs of the family it would
appear that all the children of Captn. John Alackintosh were dead
prior to 1824 and the only living grandchildren were ist. General
John Mackintosh, 2d. Mrs William Mackintosh of Mallow, 3d John
Hampden Mackintosh and 4th John Houstoun Mackintosh.
A true Extract /s/ A. A4ackintosh
Address [:] Colonel Alex. Mackintosh of Farr, near Inverness
(Letter of Sir Alexander Mackintosh of Farr to Doctor Mackenzie)
Farr 27 September 1844
Sir,
As the account of the Mackintoshes settled in Georgia U. S. of
America copied from my manuscript does not state that Lauchlan
Mackintosh (A) the ist of Savannah Georgia was a brother of Willm.
Mackintosh, who was a Brigadier General during the Rebellion in
17 1 5. (A) Vide, marginal note by me on next page. WM. With the
view of rendering the information required by you more perfect.
212 The Mackenzie Papers
I shall subjoin some remarks connected with the Borlum family or
branch —
William Mackintosh the 3d. of the Borlum family had 7 sons
and one daughter. William the eldest son & 4th of Borlum — He
married Ann Price, one of the maids of honor to Queen Anne.
They built the splendid castle of Borlum, afterwards burnt by
accident. He was a Brigadier under the Earl of Alar in the Rebellion
of 17 1 5 and commanded the Highlanders at Preston when they
surrendered on the 13th November 17 15. He was confined in the
Tower and after trial in Newgate from which prison he along
with others contrived to effect their escape, and went to France;
however, several years afterwards he was retaken in Ross Shire
and confined in Edinburgh Castle where he died at the age of 85
years on the 7th January 1742 after an imprisonment there of
fifteen years. In 1729 he wrote whilst in prison a treatise for
"Inclosing, fallowing & planting Scotland" — Lachlan, William 3d
of Borlum's 2nd son went to America & settled at Savannah, Georgia
as stated in the extract you have got jrom me. (A) Duncan, the 3d
son of William 3d of Borlum, was progenitor of the Mackintoshes
of Dauvagarroch [Davochgarroch]. He joined the rebellion and was
present when the Highlanders surrendered at Preston, 15 November
17 1 5 and was confined in Newgate when the Bill for High Treason
was passed against the prisoners on the 7th April 17 16. He escaped
by some stratagem from Prison but was subsequently retaken, and
confined in Edinburgh Castle with his Brother William, where he
died.
5th — Benjamin the 5th son of William the 3d of Borlum married
Catherine daughter of Angus Mackintosh Laird of Holm.
4th — John the 4th son of William 3d of Borlum was a A'lajor
in the Mackintosh Regt. during the Rebellion in 17 15, & was taken
prisoner at Preston 15 November 17 15, but he afterwards effected
his escape from Newgate.*'' (A) I have underlined a very obvious
error into which Col. Mackintosh has fallen in copying from the
manuscript in his possession. Lachlan Mackintosh the second son of
William Alackintosh the third of Borlum was never in America,
as will be seen from the MSS page 2nd. Lachlan was the Father
of John More Alackintosh, and what is underlined refers to the son,
John Alore. Wm. Mackenzie 7 Oct. 1844.
Edinburgh 4 Deer. 1843
From the Minutes of Directors of the Committee of the Society in
Scotland for propagating Christian Knowledge.
The meeting from the minutes of which the following Extracts
The Mackenzie Papers 213
were made took place on "The second of October — one thousand
seven hundred and thirty five years."
1735. "The Committee resumed the consideration of the pro-
posal for sending a minister to Georgia and the dark having produced
a letter from Captain Dunbar now at Inverness enclosing a letter
from the Trustees for Georgia to this Society — a transcript whereof
was produced and is mentioned in the minutes of the eighteenth
September last and having heard read several letters from some
probationers in the North with the recommendations in their favours
and finding from Captain Dunbars letter above mentioned that the
eighteenth of October current is appointed for the embarkation of
the Highlanders designed for Georgia and that one Mr. John McLeod
Probationer for the ministery a native of the Isle of Skye and
licensed by the Presbytery thereof is well recommended by ministers
in these bound and other gentlemen known in this place as appears
by their letters, certificates and License in his favor now produced,
and Mr. McLeod being himself in this place called, did declare his
willingness to accept of this mission upon his being recommended
and employed therein with suitable encouragement; and the Com-
mittee judging the said Mr. McLeod to be a person fit for this
important mission as well from the character given of him in the
above letters as the opinion of several ministers of this place who
have conversed with him and heard him preach agreed to recom-
mend him the said Mr. John McLeod to the Honourable Board of
Trustees for Georgia for their license to him in full form as proposed
in their letters produced as above and the Committee in virtue of
the power given to them by the last general meeting do allow
to the said Mr. John McLeod twenty five pounds sterling of yearly
salary during the continuance of his commission from the said So-
ciety, and in respect the necessary equipment for such a voyage and
the first upsetting there will be expensive and troublesome allow
him the twenty five pounds Sterling for defraying that charge
which being intimated to the said Mr. McLeod he signified his willing-
ness to go thither upon the foresaid encouragement and the ministers
did suitably exhort him upon the important subject of his intended
mission to Georgia.
The Committee recommended to the Preses and Principal Smith
to meet with the moderator of the Presbytery of Edinburgh in order
to call a meeting of the Presbytery pro re nata for taking Mr. McLeod
upon trials for ordination, and appoint a letter to be written to the
Tnistees for Georgia recommending him to them and acquainting
them with this committee's resolution concerning him and another
214 The Mackenzie Papers
letter to Captain Dunbar signifying to him that all convenient dispatch
will be given"
Extracted from the minutes of the meeting — 15th October 1735
"After Prayer the Praeses reported that the Moderator of the Pres-
bytery of Edinburgh having been spoken with according to this
Committee's desire last meeting— he called a meeting of the said
Presbytery pro re nata upon Wednesday last and after having
taken trials of Mr. John McLeod in the usual form and being satis-
fied with his performance and also with the testimonials of his good
behaviour laid before them— The said Presbytery has this day
ordained him to be a minister of the Gospel in order to be his being
sent to Georgia and allowed him an extract of his letters of ordination
which being considered by the Committee and the Draught of a
Commission to him from this Society being prepared was read and
approved of— whereof the tenor follows— "Commission by the Society
to Mr. John McLeod— Whereas the Society in Scotland for propagat-
ing Christian Knowledge are empowered by Royal Letters Patent
under the Great Seal to use all proper and competent means not only
for the further promoting of Christian Knowledge and the increase
of Piety and virtue within Scotland and also for propagating the
same in Popish & Infidel parts of the world.
Whereas likewise the Honourable Trustees for the New Colony
of Georgia in America have lately resolved to settle a large number
of families in that Colony from the highlands of Scotland and by
their letter under the hand of Harman Verelst their accomptant the
twenty third August last have designed that the Society in Scotland
for propagating Christian Knowledge would recommend to them
a fit person for officiating as a minister in the highland tongue to
the said highland colony going to Georgia and for the benefit of the
heathen natives in that country and have promised to issue a license
thereupon to such Minister to officiate accordingly in the said colony
and also to grant to him three hundred acres of Land leaving it to
the said Society to pay to the said minister such further annual salary
as may be needfull for his maintenance.
And further whereas the said Society at their general meeting
on the eleventh of August last did fully empower their Committee
of Directors having sufficient certificates of the piety learning and
other qualifications of you Mr. John McLeod minister of the gospel
and having recommended you accordingly to the Honourable Trus-
tees for Georgia do in name and by authority of the foresaid Society
and in further pursuance of the pious design of the charitable mortifi-
cation of the late Revd. Dr. Daniel Williams minister of the Gospel
The Mackenzie Papers 215
of the Presbyterian persuasion at Nogeden [?] near London Com-
mission and appoint you the said Mr. John McLeod to be one of the
Society's Missionaries in the Colony of Georgia in America not only
to officiate as Minister of the Gospel to the Highland families going
thither from this country and others there who may incline to join
with you in public worship but also to use your utmost endeavour
for propagating Christian Knowledge among Indian Natives in that
Colony and in order thereunto you, as soon as you shall come to
understand the language of the said natives are not only to preach
to and catechise them but also to keep a school for teaching them
and others under your care in the said colony— to read the Holy
Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments and other pious and
godly books— to understand and read the English Language and to
direct them how to pray and to live as becometh the gospel and
when you judge them fit to receive the seal of the covenant of grace
you are to administer the same to them and use your best en-
deavours to confirm such in the truth of our holy religion and engage
them to perseverse [sic] therein and for your encouragement and
maintenance upon this mission you are to have from the said Society
during the continuance of their commission to you twenty five
Pounds sterling of yearly salary together with twenty five Pounds
sterling more for the first year and also you are to have by the
favour and promise of the Honourable Trustees for Georgia three
hundred acres of land which they are to grant to you in the said
Colony. This Commission is to continue during the foresaid Societys
pleasure— in whose name these presents are signed at the Societys
Hall in Edinburgh the fifteenth day of October one thousand seven
hundred and thirty five, and their seal hereunto appended [sic]
subsord
Jo: Walker
Praeses
The Committee further judged it necessary that a letter be sent to
Mr. Oglethorp recommending Mr. McLeod to his favor & protection,
also proposing that a correspondence be established twixt this Society
and some fit persons in Georgia whom Mr. Oglethorp may point
out and advise the society — a Draught of which letter being like-
wise prepared was transcribed over and signed by the praeses and
the same with the above Commission were delivered to Mr. McLeod
to be together with his act of ordination carried along with him
and in respect Mr. McLeod must without delay go to Inverness
to embark with the said Highland colony on the eighteenth instant —
The Committee grant warrant to the Treasurer to pay to him £2^
216 The Mackenzie Papers
sterling as this ensuing years salary and the other ^25 sterling
allowed him per minutes of last meeting to defray the charge of his
first settlement there —
At Edinburgh 15th November 1735
15 November 1735 The Committee having met —
After prayer the minutes of 2nd & 15th were read and produced
three several letters from Air. Adam Anderson secretary to the Cor-
respondents at London dated nth, 23rd & 25th October bearing that
the ;^5o Sterling promised to be paid by Mr, Oglethorp for helping
the Society for sending the Missionary is given in to Mr. Drummond
and desires it to be placed on the Societys books as from an unknown
hand —
At Edinburgh 13th January 1737
The Committee having met —
Inter alia — Produced Two letters from Mr. John McLeod Minister
Missionary at Georgia to the Reverend Mr. John Walker and Nichol
Spence Clerk dated March last bearing his arrival with the High-
landers who went thither and giving a short account of the situation
and customs of the place about where he resides and with the
inclinations the People seem to have of being instructed. And he
proposes that his salary be sent to him by Captain Dunbar who sailed
for Inverness and is to return soon to Georgia.
The Committee having heard the same Letter agreed that Mr.
McLeods salary be paid to Captain Dunbar & appoints the Clerk to
write to Inverness to know if he be there and desire him to draw
upon their Treasurer for the money due Mr. McLeod.
At Edinburgh ist March 1737
The Committee having met —
Inter alia — Produced a letter from Mr. Anderson (the secretary
of the London correspondents) recommending to the Societys con-
sideration the case of Mr. John McLeod Missionary Minister to
Georgia and transmits a letter from Mr. Oglethorp to the Society
certifying the great usefulness of the said Mr. McLeod there and rec-
ommending him earnestly for further encouragement, the smallest al-
lowance given by the English Societies to their Missionaries being
;^5o per annum — The necessaries of life being bought at a dear
rate — The Committee having heard the said letter with another
to Mr. Anderson from one Lieutenant Hugh McKay, a Scots gentle-
men lately come from Georgia in very ample terms recommending
Mr. McLeod to the Societys favor and a letter from Mr. McLeod
himself being read bearing the number of nineteen boys and ten girls
gone thither are at great loss for want of a school — want books and
The Mackenzie Papers 217
paper and proposes in place of Irish Bibles designed to be sent
English copies thereof may be sent, he craves some books to be sent
to direct him in matters of church discipline and also writings against
the Deists — he gives account of the bounds where he and his wife
are situated — his distance of four hundred miles from the Indians —
complains of the hardships of living upon such a small encouragement
his inability to employ people in cultivating the three hundred acres
of ground allowed him — which by the laws of that country he
could not dispose to his heirs but would fall to the Trustees. He
expresses his being exposed to dangers from the Spaniards who live in
the neighbourhood in case of any war betwixt the courts of Britain
and Spain — He claims his salary may be transmitted to him by
draught on the Storemaster in Frederica or Mr. Causton in Savanna
and the Committee considering that the sum of ^50 allowed to Mr.
McLeod for the first year of his Mission which commenced in
October 1735 was given as a donation to the Society & paid in
by the hands of Mr. Oglethorp and that it is evident from the
Letters narrated that the foresaid Missionary cannot for the first
years of his settlement in Georgia subsist upon £1$ per annum.
Overture to the general meeting that the sum of ^^50 be allowed
annually during the Societys pleasure to the said Mr. McLeod to
to commence from the 15th October last 1736 and that the same
be remitted him in the manner above proposed and that Mr. Oglethorp
have a letter of thanks for his favor and countenance to the said
Mr. McLeod & the Highland Colony settled in Georgia and agrees
that Mr. Anderson at London be directed to remit from thence to
Georgia some English Bibles and recommend to Mr. James Nisbet
and Mr. John Walker to think of other books proper to be sent
thither and report
At Edinburgh 17th April 1737
"A list of Books proposed to be sent for the use of Mr. John
McLeod Minister Missionary to Georgia in consequence of his letter
produced first March last being produced — the Committee ordered
that the same with any other necessary books in value not exceeding
/5 Stg. be sent him with the remains of his salary and that four
dozen Bibles and three dozen Confessions of Faith and ten dozen
Catechisms be furnished by Mr. Brown of the Society's Books and
remitted thither for the use of the Highlanders in Georgia.
At Edinburgh 29th December 1738
"Upon a letter of date 21st August Ult: to the Treasurer from
Mr. John McLeod Missionary Minister at Georgia ordered that his
salary due nt October last be remitted to him — with a deduction
218 The Mackenzie Papers
of ten Pounds Sterling paid thereof by his order in May last to
Robert Macintosh subclerk and by him remitted to Alexander McLeod
brother to the said Mr. John — and son to Norman McLeod Tacksman
of Hoshader in the Isle of Skye —
At Edinburgh 6th June 1739
A letter dated the i6th of January last from Mr. John McLeod
Minister Missionary to Georgia in answer to that sent him per the
order of the Committee 6th July last Bearing in substance that if
the Society would bestow money to purchase four servants they
would in process of time be of use to the said Missionary and
successors in cultivating the ground which presently is covered with
wood as close as it can grow yet that the expense of furnishing tools
and maintenance of these servants would for the first tsvo or three
years he such as would bring Mr. McLeod in debt — Observes that
in the copy of the minutes of the Trustees sent him is mentioned
fifty acres, whereas three hundred acres were promised in the first
letter to this Society and the security to be given him — he insists
should be made out on vellum as others who got land there have
theirs. He complains for want of a church but that Mr. Oglethorpe
who always shows him kindness promised at his own charge to cause
build a house for worship till another fund could be got for building
a Presbyterian Church and Mr. McLeod is informed that a woman
in Tower Street London who left in her will a disputable claim of
some hundreds of Pounds sterling upon the East India Company
to be applied to the use of the Presbyterian Church in Georgia. The
Committee having considered the above particulars are of opinion
that the said Trustees for Georgia, their giving an absolute grant
of the three hundred acres proposed first by them for the benefit
of the Societys Missionary there, and that within twelve miles of
New Inverness in Darien in the manner mentioned in Mr. McLeods
said letter that forty pounds be granted by the Society for indenting
or buying up four servants towards cultivating or clearing the said
ground for the Missionary, and that in case of Mr. McLeods decease
or leaving that Mission any reasonable debt he may contract in main-
taining the said servants be declared a burden on his successor in
that Amission in respect he will reap the benefit of the said improve-
ment, and as to the alledged mortification for a Presbyterian Church
in Georgia — that Mr. Anderson Secretary to the correspondents at
London be written to about it.
At Edinburgh 5th July 1739
The Committee having met & being constituted
Produced a letter from Mr. Anderson Secretary to the correspon-
The Mackenzie Papers 219
dents at London dated 28th June past. Bearing — mter alia — That
he had laid before the Trustees for Georgia the proposition in Mr.
A4cLeods letter minuted 6th June last — touching an absolute grant
of three hundred acres of ground for a Missionary Minister employed
by this Society in Georgia but nothing could be determined for want
of a quorum of the common council till a fuller meeting could be
got, and mean time Mr. Anderson is enquiring about the disputable
legacy of the woman in Tower Hill mentioned in Mr. McLeods
foresaid letter.
At Edinburgh 2nd August [1739]
The Committee having met & being constituted —
Produced two letters dated the 7th and 26th of July last from
Mr. Anderson Secretary to the correspondents at London with a
signed copy of a minute and Resolution of the Trustees for es-
tablishing the Colony of Georgia, at a meeting of their common
council held the eleventh of July foresaid narrating the Resolution
of this Society as in minutes of the Committee of the sixth, and
of the General meeting the seventh of June last touching an allow-
ance to the Missionary in Georgia for buying up four servants
towards cultivating the land for him — and Resolving "That a Grant
of three hundred acres of Land in Georgia within twelve miles of
New Inverness in Darien, be granted under the Seal of the Corpora-
tion to the Reverend Mr. John MacLeod the present Missionary sent
by the said Incorporated Society in Scotland to officiate at Darien
in Georgia — to hold to him and his successors, who shall be sent
by the said Society, to be cultivated for the use of the said Mission,
and that the present fifty acres let in the possession of the said Mr.
John MacLeod be accounted as part of the said three hundred acres."
That the said Mr, Anderson has sent off to the said Mr. McLeod
a copy of the above Resolution and that he is soon to transmit to
him the grant of said Lands under the Seal of the Trustees extended
upon parchment —
At Edinburgh 27th December 1739
The Committee met —
Produced — A Letter from Mr. Anderson Secretary to the cor-
respondents at London dated 8th November with a grant and infeft-
ment of the 300 Acres of Land for the Societys Missionary in Georgia,
on parchment, under seal of the Trustees of the Colony there, another
original or duplicate of which grant on parchment under seal of
said Trustees is sent to Mr. McLeod Minister the Society's present
Missionary of New Inverness there. The Committee transmit the
said grant to the General Meeting to be recorded in their register
220 The Mackenzie Papers
and meantime recommend to Lawyer members of the Committee to
inspect the said grant and report their opinion thereupon to the
Society —
At Edinburgh loth January 1740
The Committee having met —
Ordered that Mr. Anderson at London be written to about some
doubts moved at last General Meeting with respect to the Grant of
300 Acres of Land for the Missionary in Georgia mentioned in the
minutes of last meeting.
At Edinburgh 3rd April 1740
It is ordered that a draught of a certificate be sent to Georgia
of the form usually given by correspondents in New England to the
Missionaries lately employed there upon the fund settled by Dr.
Williams to the end that Mr. Oglethorpe and others may accordingly
cenify the services of the said Mr. John McLeod in Georgia — to
the said Doctors Trustees and that Mr. McLeod be desired to send
the names of proper persons residing near to where he is placed who
may be appointed the Societys Correspondents there.
Having considered the remit of last General Meeting touching
the grant of three hundred acres of Land made over by Indenture
of the Trustees for Georgia Colony agrees that the grounds of this
Societys demur to accept of the said Land upon the terms proposed
in the said grant or Indenture be transmitted to the Correspondents
in London to be further considered by them and they be desired to
give directions for applying of new to the said Trustees for a more
absolute right.
At Edinburgh ist May 1740
Produced — A Letter dated the 26th April from Mr. Anderson
at London with a copy of the Minute of the Trustees for the Colony
in Georgia dated 23rd of April last — Resuming the minute of the
last General Meeting of this Society touching the grant of 300
hundred Acres of Land for the Missionary Minister of Georgia and
resolving that in consideration of this societys agreeing to pay the
sum of Forty Pounds sterling for four servants to cultivate the
lands granted for the maintenance of their Missionary'- in Georgia,
and of the said Missionary surrendering to the said Trustees the
grant made to him of 300 acres of Land in Georgia bearing date
loth October 1739 — The Trustees will grant the said 300 Acres to
the society to hold to them and their successors in trust for the
maintenance of a Missionary in Georgia from time to time to be
nominated by the sd. society upon the death — resignation — or re-
moval by the said Trustees of any Missionar\^ for the time being
The Mackenzie Papers 221
licensed by them under the yearly rent of one pound, sixteen shillings
sterling of lawful money of Great Britain payable within twelve
months after the day of payment on which the same ought to be
paid having been first lawfully demanded of the said Societys Agent
at London — provided that this Society do pay the said Missionary
and his successors Fifty pounds Stg. a year's salary until two third
parts of the said three hundred acres shall be cleared and cultivated —
The Committee having heard the said minute with Mr. Andersons
letter relative thereto delayed the consideration of the same till
the last thursday of this month when they resolve to meet and agree
upon their report to be made to the next General Meeting.
At Edinburgh 3rd June 1740
The Committee having met —
Produced a Letter from Mr. Adam Anderson of the 5th with
the minutes of the Quarterly Meeting of the Society's Correspondents
Members at London the ist May — in which inter alia he mentions
as expedient that it be a condition in the grant of the Three hundred
acres of Land in Georgia that their Missionary be of the Church
of Scotland as by law established.
At Edinburgh 25 November 1740
There was presented a Letter from Mr. John McLeod Minister
Missionary in Georgia of the 22nd August last bearing his late indis-
position of body from which he is now recovered and containing
also a brief historical account of the attempt made by those of
Carolina, Georgia &c under the command of General Oglethorpe
to attack Fort St. Augustine in Florida in which attempt most of
the colony of Highlanders were killed by the Spaniards and that
those who remain are so situated that the enemy can come upon
them to their bedside — the widows and children of those slain are
in a deplorable condition and the said A4r. McLeod is doubtful how
far it is fit for him to stay there much longer being apprehensive
that the Georgia Settlement is near an end — he complains also that
he is in straits by want of his salary but does not blame the Society
for it in respect he did not call for it — being suspicious of the
channel in which it was formerly conveyed to him. He begs the
Societys directions what to do in such melancholy circumstances.
The Committee having heard the said letter and conferred upon the
subject matter thereof appointed a letter in their name to be written
to him by Mr. John Walker sympathyzing with him in his present
situation and assuring him of the Societys countenance and encourage-
ment even tho' he should be obliged to leave that part of America
and retire to the next neighbourhood where he can be safe — Mean-
222 The Mackenzie Papers
time that the Society do continue his salary with him and are ready
to answer his bills upon the rest thereof which are due from October
1738-
At Edinburgh 26 December 1740
Produced a letter from Mr. Adam Anderson at London of the
18th inst. with a signed copy of a minute of the Trustees for es-
tablishing the Colony at Georgia in America dated 19th November
agreeing to the desire of this Society as mentioned in minutes of
General Meeting dared the 5th of June last with respect to the
Socictvs being left at large as to The Quantum they are to allow their
Missionary and that the said Missionary be of the Church of Scotland
as by Law established. The Committee transmit the said copy of the
minute to the General Meeting.
Upon reconsidering the letter from Mr. McLeod Minister in
Georgia produced the 25th of November last, the Committee order
that Mr. Anderson at London be ivj'Ote to desiring he may enquire
for a proper person there of whom he may procure a letter of credit
to one in Carolina who will pay Mr. McLeod Minister in Georgia
to the extent of the salaries resting him by this Society and that
Mr. McLeods draughts to the same amount will be duly honored
at London.
Argyle Shire Colony in North Carolina
Edinburgh 3rd April 1740
Presented a Letter from Dougald MacTavish of Dunarderie dated
the 25th of March enclosing a Copy of the letter dated the 7th of
December last at New Cape Fear in North Carolina from the Colony
of Highlanders who went last year from Argyleshire thither giving
a short detail of their passage and situation of that country having
sailed sixteen miles from said Cape to Brunswick — from thence
fourteen miles to Newtown by the side of a navigable river where
thev^ waited for his Excellency Gabriel Johnstone Governor who
kindly received them and offered them the choice of any land in the
Province not disposed of to others; that upon inspection thev seemed
determined to settle at a place called the Forks reckoned one hundred
and two miles from the Governors and fifty miles above any In-
habitants where they have taken twelve tracks — being twelve square
miles the whole dues and expences of purchasing a Track being Four
Pounds Sterlg. that the river is navigable one hundred and forty miles
up and plentiful for fish and the Country is abounding with wild
Cows of a large kind, plenty of Deer, Bears, Wild Geese that the
said Colony keep in a body, that they have no fear of the Indians.
Thar in the whole Province there arc but two Clergymen one of
The Mackenzie Papers 223
them openly profane and the other of a very poor character — they
pray for encouragement from the Society to assist them in supporting
a Cleryman — and another letter of March 27th last from the Pres-
bytery of Inverary enforcing the request of the said first letter
praying the Society may give encouragement for the maintenance of
a Minister of the Gospel to dispense ordinances to the people of
that Colony who are now settled as above at North Carolina and
will probably increase in number there being several others of Argyle-
shire intending to go thither and join therein — The Committee delay
consideration of the said letter till the principal letter itself come
to hand with what further accounts are to be given of the settlement
of the said Colony.
From the Minutes of General Meeting (Page 5
At Edinburgh ist January 1736
The Committee reported — that the Trustees for Georgia have issued
a License to Mr. John McLeod the Societys Missionary to Georgia
to officiate in religious matters there —
17th March 1737 (Page 48/49
The Committee reported the receipt of Letters from Mr. McLeod
mentioning the difficulties of living on the small encouragement
allowed by the Society &c as in the Minutes of Directors.
2nd June 1737 — page 52
Reported by the Committee that the Letters from the General
Meeting to Mr. Oglethorpe & Mr. McLeod have been dispatched.
ist June 1738 — [page] 71
Presented a Letter from Mr. John McLeod craving further aug-
mentation of Salary — or a sum of money to buy servants.
The General Meeting remitted to and impowered the Committee
to consider the said letters and do what they judged best —
2nd November 1738 — 87 page
The Committee reported that application was made to the Trustees
for Georgia touching their giving a grant in perpetuity of the ground
allotted to Mr. McLeod — The Trustees' resolution — and the allow-
ance of ;{^2o for servants &c &c as in Minutes of Directors.
8th March 1739 — page iii
The Committee transmitted to the General Meeting Mr. McLeods
Letter of i6th January last in answer to a Letter from the Committee
of 6th July — already recorded in Minutes of Directors.
I November 1739 — [page] 113
Mr. Anderson transmits a copy of Trustees Resolution (see Minutes
of Directors) with which the General Meeting declare their satis-
224 The Mackenzie l*Ai'EKt5
faction and agree that Mr. McLeod be allowed /40 — for buying
serv^ints.
20th March 1740
The General Alectin<T authorize their committee of Directors to
appoint proper persons to be the Societys correspondents in Georgia
to certify the services of Mr. McLeod — in order that he may
receive the benefit of Dr. Williams Will in favor of Missionaries.
Also on this day the Lawyers consulted (vide the Minutes of
Directors) gave in their opinion "that it is not advisable for the
Society to advance money for cultivating the said 300 Acres of Land
under the condition that the same shall return absolutely to the
Trustees and become forfeited by the Society upon the Missionary
failing at any time to pay the Annual sum of £1" 16/ for six months
after it becomes due or upon his failings to cultivate 60 of the said
300 acres within the space of 12 years from the date of the Indentures
or upon his failing to enter a copy or full memorial of the Indentures
with the Auditor of the Plantations \vithin a month of the date there-
of. And in general the foresaid Lawyers thought that the foresaid
300 acres ought not to be forfeited by the Society upon any failure
or neglect of their Missionary but only upon some failure or neglect
of their own at least that if any Conditions are to be inserted in
the indentures upon which the right to the said 300 acres is to return
to the Trustees and to be forfeited by the Society, upon the omission
or neglect of the Missionary for the time, there ought to be a certain
reasonable number of years or months granted to the Society within
which it may be in their power to perform such things or make
such payments as their Missionary ought to have performed or paid,
and thereupon to receive their right and reenter to the possession of
the said 300 acres as if no such forfeiture had been incurred" — The
General Meeting remit the same to their Committee to consider the
same & to make application to the Trustees in reference thereto —
At Edinburgh 5th June 1740 [pagel 139
A copy of the Trustees' (for Georgia) Resolution regarding the
grant of land (per Minutes of Directors) is produced which being
heard by the General Meeting — They remit to their Committee and
Correspondents to treat with said Trustees upon the Consideration
mentioned in their Report & Minutes — & others to be inserted in
the Grant of Land and particularly that this Society be not bound
to give ^50 yearly to such Missionary until two thirds of said Acres
be cultivated — in respect that sum will probably be considered
too large an allowance when a less quantity than two thirds is
cultivated.
The Mackenzie Papers 225
6th November 1740 [page] 144
Reported the Trustees for Georgia having come to no further
resolution — The General Meeting renew the powers formerly
granted (see above).
I St January 1741 [page] 149
The Committee transmitted a signed copy of the Minutes of the
Trustees for Georgia dated 19th November — agreeing to the desired
[sic] of Society as stated 5th June 1740 — in which the General
A4eeting acquiesce.
19th March 1741 [page] 158
McLeods Letter complaining of his straits for want of his salary,
Committees order for remitting the same approved.
Reported — That in the Estimate of the Expense of the Colony
of Georgia voted by the House of Commons for the year 1741 —
there is an article for transporting thither forty Highlanders to supply
loss of those at the late siege at St. Augustine.
25 November 1741 [page] 266
Reported that Mr. McLeod has left his station and is on his way to
this Country and the Trustees crave that another be sent.
Page 272
Reported that a Letter is come to hand from Mr. McLeod bearing
that he has left his station in Georgia & complains of bad usage
from General Oglethorpe — That he is come to South Carolina
whence he intended to take a passage for Britain — but remained at
the desire of some clergymen there — By a letter from Mr. Anderson
London — they are informed that he is Pastor to a Presbyterian
Clergyman in Carolina.^^
That the Committee have ordered payment of Mr. McLeods salary
till 15th October & see Minutes of Directors.
Compared and found correct
Edinburgh 1843
/s/ Wm Mackenzie
Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge. Pall Mall. September
1845, London. Georgia letters (unbound, in the lower room) from
1765 to 1782.
Savannah, Georgia, 14 November 1765. letter. Governor Wright
to the Bishop of London in favor of Alexander a dissenting Minister,
who wished ordination and a mission — "he has resided 40 miles from
hence."
Sunbury, 13 December 1766. from John Alexander. Some houses
are without Inhabitants; the whole families having been swept off
226 The Mackenzie Fapeks
by fever; nor have the adjoining Provinces been less afflicted; — The
unfavorable casualties and, indeed, discouraging circumstances that
have in a very special manner occurred here of late has occasioned
me purchasing lands on the river St. Juans, in East Florida, where
a Town is laid out — many to remove themselves and families the
Ensuing Spring to East Florida. — People about to emigrate — ex-
cepting a few Indigents, who are no less abandoned to idleness and
sloth, than incorrigible and deaf to admonition or reproof. Wishes
to be sent to North Carolina as an Itinerant Missionary — As the
Sectaries possessed themselves of the usual and only places of worship
here, during my absence, to avoid contention, to which they are ever
prone, — Divine Service has always been performed in my own
house, and indeed there seems not the least probability of the Govern-
ments ever erecting a place for Public Worship here, as the Town
is in a most declining state.
Letter from John Alexander, Sunburv, February 1767. In my last
1 endeavored to make you acquainted with the great uneasiness I
sustain by abiding here where I cannot have the smallest prospect
of being serviceable from the irreconcilable prejudice of Sectaries
and an incensed rabble. — but I have the mortification to find that
few attend seriously on Divine Service.
Georgia Parish of St. Johns Sunbury 2 July 1771- Petition from
Inhabitants of said Parish, signed by 15 Individuals stating that they
were unable to support a Clergyman, that the sum allowed by the
Province is only ^^25 yearly — we therefore, your Petitioners humbly
beseech you will be pleased to appoint the said Reverend Timothy
Lowten one of your Missionaries &ca.
Parish of St. Georges 23d June 1770 Petition from Inhabitants
praying that the Society will appoint Mr. Alexander Findley — having
ever since the first settlement of the Parish, been destitute of the
benefit of religious worship, and of the Sacraments according to the
rites and Ceremonies of the Church of England, or any other form
of worship; except that of Vagrant Baptists who have sometimes come
among us.
Letter from Alexander Findlay dated St Stephens, South Carolina
2 September 1771 intimating that, 'When I arrived at Savannah in
Georgia 4th May and was there informed by my friend Mr Frink —
that the Church was only half finished, and my house not yet begun —
he had succeeded his Uncle, now old and willing to demit on St
Stephens, South Carolina.
St. George's Parish, Georgia, ist February 1774.. John Holmes.
The Parish is supposed to contain about 400 families, one half Presby-
The Mackenzie Pai'Eks 227
terians, the chief of their Knowledge being obtained from a Parcel
of illiterate Anabaptist Preachers & cc. Several murders have been
lately committed here about by the Indians,
From Do Do ist September 1775. Giving an Account of the
number of communicants &cc —
From James Brown. St. Georges, Georgia. Savannah. 15 April
1780. Having waited on Sir James Wright and delivered my letter,
he informs me that it is impossible for me to go back to St. George's
at present; that part of the Province being yet in the power of
the rebels; but as we expect every day to hear of the success
of the expedition to Charleston, it is hoped that in consequence of
it the interior parts of the Province will soon be settled.
From Reverend James Brown Charlestown 29 December 1781.
My last informed the Society that tho' 1 had then been about a year
in Georgia it had never been once in my power to repair to my
Mission at St. Georges but that I continued still doing the duty
of a Clergyman at Savannah where there was no other at that time;
but I have since been superseded there by Mr Smith the late Restor,
sending out a Curate to officiate for him. As a Curate is a new thing
in America this step has given great offence to the people, especially
as it was done without consulting them or any previous notice even
to the Governor himself. &c.
From James Brown. New York. 16 September 1782. Complaining
of having been dismissed by the Society &cc — Savannah was the
only place in the province where a real British subject could then
be with safety. — From my first arrival in Georgia to my finally
leaving it with the Garrison, there was only about 2 months in which
it was safe even to travel from Savannah to St. Georges. Once
in that time, I mentioned to Sir J. Wright my intention of going to
St. Georges; but he advised me to defer all thoughts of it for a
while. — he told me I could not go with safety at that time — but
added he, "I have had very disagrgeeable accounts from that quarter
this very morning" these accounts proved but too true, for in the
course of a week or two the rebels in their incursion had overrun
all that neighbourhood, and committed the greatest outrages; nor
has the county since that time been safe many miles beyond the
lines of Savannah.
From James Seymour Augusta, Georgia ist September 1773. I
continue to perform divine Service every Sunday, at the Parish
Church in Augusta and frequently on the week days, in the more
remote parts of the Parish. Since the ist of March last I have baptized
25 White Children, and 2 Negroe Children, married 19 couples and
228 The iMAtKENziE Papers
buried 2 children; and had 4 added to the former communicants at
Easter.
From Reverend Mr Seymour, Savannah 24 February 1774. Since
my last a Methodist minister of the name of Piercy (sent out some
time ago by the Countess of Huntingdon) came to Augusta. I did
not chuse to admit him into my Pulpit, as he always had, on his
first arrival, introduced himself to the dissenting Congregations, and
not to the Ministers of the established church. Lady Huntingdon
has likewise sent out to the Orphan House Academy in this Province,
4 young men, Itinerant Lay Preachers, w^ho ride about in the different
Parishes, endeavoring by their Preaching, to insinuate themselves into
the good opinion of the Country People &c. My Cure has been very
much alarmed lately by the Nation of Creek Indians, who have
already murdered about 20 White People on the frontiers of our
Parish; I brought my family down a few days ago to Savannah and
I shall set out again for Augusta tomorrow or next day. Since my
last I have baptised 16 White Children and 3 Mulattoes, married 13
couples, buried 3 Corpses.
Augusta 24 July 1775. The present unhappy differences between
great Britain and the Colonies has occasioned no small confusion
in this as in the other Colonies. We are however, at present more
quiet here than in any part of the Continent. The state of my Mission
is much the same as when I wrote you last. I have baptized 18
Children, married 7 Couples, buried 3 Corpses and had 3 added to the
Number of Communicants &ca. /s/ James Seymour
From Do 9th May 1776. I now embrace this opportunity of ac-
quainting you and the Society that I still continue to perform Divine
Service as formerly in this once happy but now distracted county &cc.
From James Seymour. Savannah 14 March 1782. In my last to
the Society I informed you fully of my losses and sufferings on the
Fall of the Garrison at Augusta. I still remain in this town, and use
my best endeavours, by keeping School, to support my unfortunate
family that has formerly lived in great Plenty. The rebels are in full
possession of this Province, except for a few Miles round this Garison
which makes the necessaries of life very high — this and the extrava-
gant expense of house rent often puts me to some difficulties. I have
nothing to depend on but the Societies Bounty and my School —
have often applied for a Chaplaincy in the Army, but have never
been so fortunate as to find a suitable vacancy. I am often called
on to visit the sick and perform other clerical Duites, and frequently
assist at the public Service, for all which I have not the least emolu-
ment; the fees and other Benefits of this living fall to Mr Stuart. He
The Mackenzie Papers 229
was lately sent out here Curate by the Rector Mr Smith who resides
in Ireland. Mr Brown has got a Chaplaincy &ca.
From James Seymour Savannah 14 March 1782 (Duplicate of
former letter)
Letter from N. Jones and William Spencer Church Wardens Sa-
vannah, Georgia 14 July 1760 (Notifying that Mr B. Zouberbuhler
was in ill health and that he intended to visit Europe soon in hopes
of recovery) W M) We thought it our duty, by this Vessel to make
our earnest application to the Society that for the comfort and
edification of the Inhabitants of the Parish of Christ Church they
will be pleased as soon as possible to appoint and send over another
Clergyman to succeed Mr. Zouberbuhler.
Letter from Barthw. Zouberbuhler Savannah Georgia 14 July 1760.
(To the same effect as the preceding — regarding his poor health,
injured by the heat of the climate and 14 years pastoral labors &cc)
W M) Whilst under the present wise & prudent administration the
Inhabitants of this Province are daily encreasing, I am extremely
concerned &cc.
From Barthw. Zouberbuhler Savannah Georgia 24 June 1761. Your
favour of the 22 September 1760 I have acknowledged in a letter
dated the 14th of April last, and therein informed you of the recovery
of my health and that I would continue officiating here until I was
succeeded, which however I expected would be before the sailing
of this fleet, in which I intended to have taken a passage. But
as the Reverend Mr Duncanson whom the Society have appointed
for this Mission is not vet arrived and many of my Parishioners
have expressed an uneasiness of being left without a Clergyman, I
must submit to the Divine Providence and defer my going to England
till next year.
Meeting of the Vestry 4th Sept. 1761. (8 vestryment present)
Signed Peter Gandy, Clark. The Reverend A'lr Dunkinson being
arrived in the province— to succeed the Reverend Mr Zouberbuhler
in his Mission as Rector of the Parish of Christ-Church the Vestry
met and took under consideration the several accounts they had
received touching that Gentleman's character &ca. Resolved that the
Reverend Mr Zouberbuhler do remain Rector of the Parish of Christ-
Church.
Savannah, Georgia, 9th February 1762 Letter from the Church
Wardens, N. Jones and William Spencer informing the Society that
as thev had ascertained that Mr Duncanson was an unfit person to
officiate as a Clergyman &c.
Savannah, Georgia, 9th February 1762. from Bartholomew Zouber-
230 The Mackenzie Papers
buhler The Reverend Mr Duncanson whom the Society was pleased
to appoint to succeed me in my mission, came to Savannah some time
in September last. On whose arrival, as well as previous thereto, some
unfavorable reports having prevailed among my Parishioners I thought
it my Duty to convene the Vestry &c — to my great concern
they found him not to answer the Societys pious Intention, being
neither a worthy Clergyman nor of good and exemplary behavior.
This induced the Vestry to come to the resolution of continuing
me Rector of the Parish of Christ-Church.
A very long letter of four folio pages from Duncanson endeavoring
to excuse his misconduct. Dated Savannah, Georgia 20 May 1762.
I do hope that some of the gentlemen may consider the ill treatment
I received from the people of Augusta as a stranger and a helpless
Foreigner — but this is but little more than what the Reverend Mr
Copp received from them before, now deceased, late clergyman of
St. Johns Island, South Carolina — Mr Cashell told me they would
have killed Mr Copp had he not gone away and that for no other
reason but preaching against the vice of that place &cc.
From William Duncanson Savannah, Georgia 15 June 1762. The
Church is in a most ruinous way, it is dangerous to go into it when
the wind blows high. I do believe since I came here, there was not
a child baptised in the Church, neither a child catechised there.
The care of this great and important duty is committed to school
Masters who constantly are hearers of the Presbyterian teacher. —
There are about 200 houses in this town, it is enlarging very fast.
The people are inclined midway between Presbytery and the es-
tablished Church. They are very fond of Sermons — They are
able to build a decent Church without the assistance of ^^300 from
you. (There are certificates from Robert Bolton, Benjamin Stirk,
Thomas Dixon and John Perkins, that as far as they knew Mr Duncan-
son has acted properly and as a gentleman.)
Savannah 14 March 1763. They are a people in general well
disposed but greatly divided by various opinions. I have received
many invitations especially from some of the inhabitants of St.
Johns Parish about 40 miles from Savannah who are erecting a large
Chapel and promise to contribute cheerfully, towards the support
and comfort of a Minister in the Holy Orders of our Church, if the
Society would be pleased to send them one. It gives me no little
uneasiness to see so many in this Province — those of Augusta in
particular destitute of divine worship &ca. The state of my parish
at present is as followeth: Inhabitants about 4000 of which there are
800 who profess themselves to be of the Church of England 1100
The Mackenzie Papers 231
Dissenters German and French Protestants. 1800 Negroes and 25
Jews. My communicants are 50, constant in their attendance and
unbleamable [sic] in their Lives. Bartw, Zouberbuhler.)
From Do Savannah Georgia 31 December 1764. I have wrote and
sent you a letter by his Majestys ship the Epreuve commanded by
Captn. Blake. But unhappily this vessel is lost with all the people
that were on Board among which was our Governors Lady and 2
daughters — a family of undissembled goodness and in all respects
most exemplary, — especially in their attendance on divine worship.
The fortitude with which the Governor bears so complicated a
Calamity is really admirable. And I have the pleasure to acquaint
vou that under his wise and prudent administration, the inhabitants
of this Province are extremely happy and do visibly encrease &c.
From Barthw Zouberbuhler. Savannah i May 1766. The parcel
of Books did not come to hand till a few days ago — I will distribute
them in such a manner as I think may answer their pious intention.
The design of building the new church in this town is now laid
aside. It appears that the materials and workmanship of erecting a
Church 90 by 60 feet would at least amount to X30<^o Sterlings. The
sum of /800 is now at interest 8 P.C. The Assembly has likewise
granted an additional sum of ;r3oo Sterling towards repairing our
old Church, and erecting a Gallery which we have completed, and
Col. Barnard of Augusta has made our Parish a present of an Organ.
Letter from Church wardens & Principal Inhabitants of Savannah
dated 26 January 1767. Addressed to the Rev. Mr Daniel Barton
informing the Society of the death of their worthy Pastor Mr
Zouberbuhler on nth December after a tedious and painful illness.
It mentions the distress and sickly condition of the poorer sort in
this Parish the last year having been so remarkably unhealthy that
we had more burials in four months than we had for many years
past — had appointed Mr Frink with the approval of the Parishioners
and the sanction of the Governor &ca and apply for a continuation
of the Salary.
Augusta in Georgia Parish of St Pauls 8th February 1762. A Pe-
tition from Church Wardens and Vestry wishing a Clergyman to be
appointed to that Parish. Just now free from any apprehension of
incursions or ravages from the Savages or Neighbouring Indians and
the Parsonage house is at present in the very best repair, and more
than 15 acres of the Glebe enclosed ready for planting or sowing
grain. A plan of a New Church (the old one being much impaired)
is now under consideration &ca (A copy of this letter in the Lambeth
232 The Mackenzie Papers
Library from which I made an extract, that will be found the last
page).
Letter from the Church Wardens and Vestry of St Pauls in
Augusta 24 March 1763. In regard to a provision for a new Minister.
But tho' Mr Copp never received ^^50 per annum after the first
year he never fell short of it / 1 5 in every year after during his
stay here. Our Prospect of quietness with regard to the Indians is
every day more confirmed and our possession of the neighbouring
countries of Mobille and St Augustine will not admit of the most
distant apprehensions of any future trouble from them.
Do Do 12 November 1764. Requesting that Mr Teale may be
appointed a Missionary to us, with an appointment of ^ 50 p. Annum.
Letter from the Revd Mr Frink Augusta 15 March 1765. I proceed
now to give an account of my situation since I left New England.
After a passage of 37 days from the time I left Boston, I arrived at
Charlestown, South Carolina, after waiting 6 Days for an oppor-
tunity to go to Augusta, I proceeded on my journey which was not
a little tedious, besides the distance of the way which is great, there
are very few houses, and no accommodations for Travellers, being
obliged to carry our own Provisions, and dine upon the ground &c
and at night rest the wearied Limbs upon a Bear skin in some low
and sometime deserted Cottage or Hutt, and sometimes lodge in the
Woods having the Canopy of Heaven for a covering; on the 5th
day I arrived at Augusta and to my great surprise found one Mr
Teale, a Clergyman who in his Peregrination accidentally or rather
designedly stumbled upon Augusta, as plainly appear by his behaviour.
This man is a Native of Barbadoes &c (then follows a long relation
of Teale (such as that he had led a gay life at one time, and had
been disinherited by his Father &ca. and the means he used to wriggle
into the favor of the Augustians &c.) WM) That the £1"] men-
tioned to be allowed to a Missionary for preaching at New Windsor
or Fort Moore from the province of South Carolina has since ceased
as that fort is to be moved higher up the river — the war has greatly
affected the settlement so that there are not the half the number of
marriages that the Church Wardens expected. No doubt the People
(except Teale's Party) will do all that they can to support a Mis-
sionar)% but as they have been greatly distressed by the Indians of
late cannot be expected. There is a New Church erected here and
almost finished. Sir I can't conclude without repeating the ill usage
I have received from Mr Teale. I desire to know whether there is
such a Clergyman or not, i.e. whether he is in orders and has a
Licence to preach which I suspect, as he has never given me satis-
The Mackenzie Papers 233
faction in this respect. And I can't but wish that we could have more
order in these x\merican Lands, so that Vagrants of this kind might
be taken notice of &cc.
Augusta in Georgia Parish of St. Pauls, 8 May 1765. Letter from
Church Wardens & Vestry, requesting that the Society will be pleased
to add /20 per annum more to Air Frink's allowance, without which
he will be severely disappointed of those expectations that partly
induced him to accept this Parish — we had given Mr. Teale a con-
ditional invitation, which he accepted, and officiated here for 4
months.
Letter from Mr Frink Augusta i June 1765. (Complaining of the
violent conduct of A4r Teale) Augusta seems to be capable of im-
provement as a Town, they are not so large as to the number of
Inhabitants as before the late War, which obliged some of the best
settlers to abandon it. This Place has been greatly harrassed and
distressed, time after time, by the numerous tribes of the Upper and
Lower Creek Indians and Cherokee. But the Inhabitants hope for
better times for the future. The number of Inhabitants in the Parish
of St. Pauls, Augusta, are Whites: 138 Males, 402 Women and
Children — Negro slaves 501. Checkesaw Indians about 90. Baptised
since my arrival 28 Infants — 3 Adults — Communicants of the Church
of England on Whitsunday 4 Males — 1 3 Females. Mr. Teale has been
a pest to society ever since my arrival &cc.
Letter from Reverend Air Teale (In style, matter and sentiment the
very opposite of those from Air Frink. WM) wishing to be appointed
to the Parish of St George 30 miles from Augusta &cc. dated Savannah
4 June 1765.
Letter from A4r. Frink, Augusta 13 January 1766. To the Reverend
Dr Barton. I have the pleasure now to inform that all things here
are in a quiet posture since Air Teale left us. The Church is just
finished, but we find it too small to contain those that have an
inclination, those cannot exceed 1/3 of the Inhabitants. Of 501 Negro
Slaves in the Parish 28 Infants have been baptised. Of about 90
Checkesaw Indians, 3 Adults and 12 Infants baptised. Says that he
has had an Invitation from the Vestry and Church Wardens of
Prince Williams Parish, South Carolina to settle among them & they
have made large offers &cc.
Letter from Air Frink Augusta 9 April 1766. I have made some
attempts to instill the principles of Christianity into the Indians called
Checkesaws; but all seems to be to no purpose. We are troubled
with many Ignorant Baptist Fxhorters that stroll about the Country
who are infamous Rascals yet lead many astray — I visited places
234 The Mackenzie Papers
called hard labor — long Canes & where Germans French and Irish
have lately settled. Edward Barnard Esqr. a gentleman resident in
this Place, proposes to pay for the Instruction and Clothing of 6
Children whose Parents are not able to afford them any x\ssistance.
(I hear [sic] pass over 15 letters from Savannah and other places in
Ga more or less interesting to those who take an interest in the
Missions) WM).
Letter from Mr Samuel Frink, Savannah, Georgia 8th July 1771.
It is my design to collect the number of Souls in the whole Parish,
but this must suffice for the present. A list of the Inhabitants &c
the number of Slaves in the Town of Savannah only, exclusive of
the Plantations near said Town accurately taken.
Families men & women Negroes belong- total
& children ing to
Church of England 180 664 521 1184
Lutherans 35 134 59 192
Presbyterians &
Independents 92 327 172 499
Jews 6 27 22 49
No Religion 11 23 7 30
Negroes that live by themselves and allow their A4asters a certain sum
per week — 40.
Total Whites and Blacks 1996 —
(Several letters from the German Inhabitants of Savannah wishing
the Society to appoint and pay a A4issionarv capable of Preaching
in the German tongue — "earnestly desiring that their children may
be incorporated with the English Nation which has so humanely and
generously adopted us "&cc. One of the letters is dated 20th February
1767, another 23d February 1767. WM) Several more letters — one
from Edward Ellington of Augusta the first dated 30th December
1768. (Application from Inhabitants of Augusta for a Missionary.
Mr Ellington our present Minister having acquainted us within these
few days that he had consented to take upon him the care of Mr
Whitefields intended College, dated Augusta 27 February 1770)
Letter from Mr Frink, Savannah 6 July 1770 Mr. Ellingtons
leaving the Mission at Augusta (tho' I am told that a few tears were
lost on the occasion.) The people there have always treated him
with the greatest kindness, but have never been punctual with regard
to paying the Money annually which thev engaged to do — he has
left the poor people destitute, who always go beyond their abilities
with regard to the support of a Minister — The people are really in
The Mackenzie Papers 235
want of a steady serious man of sound Church of England Principles
they are not so fond of the modern puffs of A4ethodistick Insanity.
(It is stated in this letter) that the late Commons house of Assembly
were so far intoxicated with liberty principles as to endeavour to
put Jews and Dissenters of all Denominations upon a footing with
the Church here established, — The Bill was rejected by the upper
house.
Letter from Mr Frink 6 July 1770. Recommending the Bearer Mr
A Findlay a native of Aberdeen who has resided 3 years in Savannah
to be a Missionary for St. Georges Parish &c.
Two letters from Frink, one abusive of Ellington & the other
recommending Mr James Seymour to the Bishop of London.
Letter from N. Jones and Wm Ewen, Church Wardens Savannah
10 October 177 1, communicating the decease of Mr Frink, Rector
of Christ Church on the 4th Instant, and applying to the society
for the appointment of a successor.
Letter from Do of ist January 1772. In favor Mr T Lowton and
wishing him to get the same salary as Mr Frink.
Letter from Wm. Ewen ist January 1772 to the same effect as
above. This letter mentions the Georgia Gazette. No doubt the
Society will have the entire file of this newspaper, and therefore I
will make no farther quotation from the remaining letters unless a
particular fact is stated. (There [are] two or three letters from
Ellington) and 2 from Mr Frink; one Savannah 4 August 1768.
the other 29th June 1769 both of considerable length. In the last
it is stated — Are not Churchmen entitled to as many Privileges as
Dissenters in America? I hope to more — tho' they have not yet
experienced it. Why all this clamour and noise with regard to sending
a Bishop to America. Nothing surely less than Consummate Inde-
pendence and a desire to be in the Saddle, that they may ride over
us, as they have always endeavoured to do— both in Church and
State. God preserve us from such Masters! (Urges strongly the
necessity of the appointment of a Bishop) We should then be freed
from, and keep at a distance Coblers and Tinkers, Butchers, and
Baker, Watchmakers, and Cattle hunters, thieves and Robbers, and
every Vagrant, in such a manner as not to dare to assume the sacred
Character of the Priesthood. (Mr Frink had evidently a most deep
rooted aversion to Whitefield) — in letter 4 April 1768 he states "that
he, Whitefield had done more injury to the Church of England
than could be repaired in 3 Centuries," refers to his open contempt
of the Clergy of the Church, to his great knowledge of mankind,
his cunning his affable manners &c (Mr Frink evidently seemed to
236 The Mackenzie Papers
regard Episcopal Ordination as essential and therefore viewed all
clergymen not of the true Church of England as thieves and robbers,
and their ministrations as impious and sacrilegious. I am much afraid
that he was greatly wanting in that "Charity which thinketh no
evil". WM)
« * * «
Lambeth Palace 1845 September 22
American Colonies MS
1 123 1 No. 52 1 75 1 August 31.
Copy of letter from Augusta to the Trustees for Georgia (Relative
to the erection of a church there, and the salary to Mr. Copp
&CC W.M.).
Propagation of the Gospel. Vol. 2d. 1762- 1764. At a General
Aleeting of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts. Held on the 21st day of A4ay 1762. Present his Grace the Lord
Archbishop of Canterbury, the Revd. Dr Wills dean of Exeter, Gen-
eral Hudson, Dr. Smith &cc. A Petition from the Church Wardens &
Vestry of St. Paul's Parish in Georgia, dated Augusta Feby. 8th 1762
begging leave to acquaint the Society that finding by the Parish
Books, that a former Vestry had Petitioned for a Clergyman to suc-
ceed the Revd. Mr Copp, which Petition has been without its desired
effect, they think it their duty to renew their Petition for a Clergy-
man of the Church of England to be sent them, whom they will
receive with all due respect. They observe, that an Act of Assembly
of the Province grants to every Clergyman of the Church of England
that is or shall be in any Parish in the Province £2^ Sterg. per
annum clear of all deductions; /15 or 20 more easily arise from the
perquisities of marrying only in that large and populous Parish, it
would be no difficult matter to add by a private subscription / 1 5
or 20 more which with the £ij Sterg. per annum allowed by the
Province of South Carolina for a Sermon once a Month at New
Windsor about 5 miles from Augusta, together with what the
Society shall please to allow a Missionary — they judge will enable
a Gentleman with or without a Family to live comfortably. That
Part of the Province they say is remarkably healthy, situate upon a
fine river 150 miles from Charles Town and about the same distance
from Savannah. The Parsonage house is in good repair and more
than 15 acres Glebe enclosed, and the Assembly have passed an Act
for rebuilding the Church. Having been long without a Clergyman
and desirous of one, they invited Mr Duncanson to come to them
from Savannah hearing he was not fixed there and were greatly
blessed upon the occasion, but unhappily soon found themselves
The Mackenzie Papers 237
disappointed in their expectations, for Mr Duncanson had not been
with them six weeks before irregular conduct in him shewed itself,
if an excess of Drink and Profane Swearing may be termed so. While
they were attempting to reclaim Mr Duncanson from these ir-
regularities the peace was sworn against him by one who Mr
Duncanson had first challenged to fight a Duel, and afterwards
attempted to Horsewhip, from which being prevented, he did ac-
tually present a loaded Pistol to his Breast with threats and menaces
of shooting him, and this after A4r Duncanson had complained to a
Magistrate of some imaginary Injury he had received from the other,
which being examined into appeared groundless and frivolous. From
Mr Duncansons conduct they conclude him incapable of forming
the great principles of religion in the minds of the many unlearned
people that are generally found in the remote parts of America who
are more apt to be taught by example than precept. They therefore
beg leave to repeat the humble Petition to the Society to send them
another Clergyman in the room of A4r Duncanson. (They add) that
the salary of / 2 3-6-8 is allowed out of the money annually granted
by Parliament for the Province of Georgia for a Schoolmaster in
that place, which with the advantage that results from teaching the
children there at least £ 30 Sterg. more may be with the greatest ease
thrown into the hands of a Clergyman who would chuse to accept
it. Agreed as the opinion of the Committee that the Secretary be
directed to acquaint the Church Wardens and Vestry of St. Pauls
Parish in Augusta, that the Society received a complaint from Mr
Copp when he left Augusta, that the people of that Parish had by
no means fulfilled the promises they made for the support of a
Minister since during the 5 years which he was among them, he had
received little or no temporal profit from them as appears by a
letter of Mr Copps dated February 9th 1756. — Duncansons salary
to be no longer paid. Letter from Governor Wright dated Savannah,
Ga 22 February 1762 mentioning with concern that some very bad
men had been sent with Missions to America & hoping that strict
enquiry be made into the character of the person that may be sent
to Augusta &cc.
* * * *
22 September 1845 Lambeth Library London
(I have made this long extract from the "Fo/. 2d. Propagation of the
Gosper in the library of Lambeth Palace, as it shews the kind of
notices that are contained in the Vohnn'moiis Journals of the proceed-
ings of the Society for propagating the Gospel in Foreign parts,
pre.served in their office 79 Pali-Mall. WM) There is a Book entitled
238 The Mackenzie Papers
'■'Fropaganda being an abstract of the designs and proceedings of
the Incorporated Society for the propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts S:cc second edition London, 1820." That gives a good account
of their labors in America. In Pages 52, 53 and 54 is a Table of Stations
and Missionaries from which I quote what pertains to Georgia, viz:
1734 one Missionary; 1735, 1736, 1737 & 1738 one Do; 1739 none;
1740 & 1741 one; 1742 & 1743 None. From 1744 to 1750 one; 1751
to 1756 Three 3; 1757 One; 1758, 1759 & 1760 Two 2; 1761, 1762 &
1763 one; 1764, 1765 & 1766 Two 2; 1767 Three 3; 1768, 1769 & 1770
Two 2; 1771 Three 3; 1772 Do; 1773, 1774, 1775, 1776 & 1778 Two 2;
1779 One; 1780, 1781 & 1782 2; 1783 One. As the Book is before me
I subjoin a quotation of a more general description. WM "In 1797
the Archbishop of Canterbury, then Bishop of Norwich observes. The
United States of America are no longer under the protection or
control of the British Government. Grown up to full strength and
independence, under the fostering care of the Mother County, they
cease to be attached to her by any other ties than those of gratitude,
of affection, and of mutual interest. The rapid progress which these
Colonies have made to maturity (a progress I believe unprecedented
in the history of Colonization) can be attributed to no other cause
than the generous nature of that Government, from which they are
sprung. In their infant state, every assistance was offered that had
the smallest tendency, to improve their religious, or civil, or com-
mercial interests. The Mother Country felt no unseemly jealousy,
no low minded apprehensions of their growing strength; but con-
tributed anxiously and liberally all that was in her power, to accelerate
and confirm it. The independence which followed is neither at this
dav to be lamented, nor yet to be considered as a total and active
separation of the two countries; connected as they are by one
common interest, and bound to each other by those ties, which in
political alliances, are always found to be of great prevalence in a
similarity of manners, of language, of laws, of Religion." Pages 70 &
71. (The above remarks of the Bishop appear peculiarly applicable
to Georgia. W M)
(Note the numbers i, 2 & 3 in the above table refer to each year.
WM)
Notes
iThis extract is in the hand of William Bacon Stevens. The original
letter is not now in this collection, nor does the Georgia Historical Society
have the Savan7}ah Republican referred to.
2The extracts from the Caledonian Mercury, Edinburgh, are given below.
W. r.. Hodgson to I. K, Tofft, Now York, October IH, 184S, says, "what
The Mackenzie Papers 239
an enthusiast is Dr. McKenzie to have copied with his own hand, so
much M.S. from the Caledonian Mercury." Letters of Honorary Members
of the Georgia Historical Society. . . . Vol. II; a bound volume of original
letters.
SThis volume is at the Georgia Historical Society. It contains the follow-
ing pamphlets bound together: a. An Authentic and Particular Account of
the Taking of Carthagena by the French, in the Year 1697. ... By the Sieur
Pointis, ... 2d ed. London, Printed for 0. Payne, 1740. b. An Account
of the Expedition to Carthagena, With Explanatory Notes and Observations.
London, Printed for M. Cooper, 1743. c. Original Papers Relating to the
Expedition to the Island of Cuba. . . . London, Printed for M. Cooper, 1744.
d. A True and Historical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia, ... By
Pat. Tailfer, M.D., Hugh Anderson, M.D., Da. Douglas, and others, . . .
Printed for P. Timothy, in Charles-Town, South Carolina; and sold by
J. Crokatt, in Fleet-street, London, 1742. e. The Spa7iish Hireling Detected:
Being a Refutation of the Several Calumnies and Falsehoods in a Late
Pamphlet, EntituVd An Impartial Account of the Late Expedition Against
St. Augustine Under General Oglethorpe. By George Cadogan. 2d ed. London,
Printed for J. Roberts, 1743.
W. B. Hodgson's name is inscribed on the flyleaf and title pages or first
pages of the pamphlets. The title page of the Tailfer pamphlet has this
note in Hodgson's hand, "From Wm. Mackenzie of the University of Edin-
burgh to Wm. B. Hodgson Esqr., Savh, Ga. 1843."
■iThis letter is not now in the archives of the Georgia Historical Society,
but Sir William's letter to I. K. Tefft, Corresponding Secretary of the
Society, dated Edinburgh, 29 Jan. 1844, is. In it he expresses appreciation
of his election as an Honorary Member, says his service was insignificant,
and says of Mackenzie, "I beg leave to felicitate the Society on having, in
this quarter, so able & ardent a correspondent as Dr. Mackenzie. Nothing
can exceed the zeal with which he pursues his researches into every source
of possible information in regard to the history of the Scottish emigration
&c." Letters of Honorary Members of the Georgia Historical Society, Vol. II.
The German books referred to are doubtless Samuel Urlsperger, Ausfurhliche
nachricht von den Saltzburgischen Emigranten: Die sich in America
niederg Classen Haben . . . (Halle, 1735-1740), of which the Georgia His-
torical Society has the first six parts. See Catalogue of the Wymberley Jones
DeRenne Georgia Library . . . (Wormsloe, 1930), I, 11-43, 57-69, for several
early German publications relative to the Saltzburger emigration.
5The Society has only one of these pamphlets in the original edition:
Francis Moore, A Voyage to Georgia. Begun in the Year 1735 (London,
1744). For its probable source see note 9 below.
6W. B. Stevens in his A History of Georgia ... (N. Y., Appleton, 1847),
I, xiii, says this of Dr. Mackenzie's work: "To Prof. Wm. Mackenzie of
Edinburgh, who has most liberally contributed to the library of the His-
torical Society, and laboured most diligently in collecting manuscript ma-
terials, I render sincere thanks for his important and disinterested re-
searches."
TThis letter is in Letters of Honorary Members of the Georgia Historical
Society, Vol. II.
^Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, Vols. 1 and II, published
in Savannah in 1840 and 1842, respectively.
9Stacy Grimaldi's letter to Tefft, dated London. 22 Feb. 1844, expressing
appreciation of his election as an Honorary Member is in Letters of
Honorary Members of the Georgia Historical Society, Vol. II. There are
two other letters of his in this volume in which he thanks the Society
for the first two volumes of its Collections and offers help in research.
He says he is sending the Society, as a "humble contribution" from his
240 The Mackenzie I'ai'eks
library a copy of Francis Moore's A Voyage to Georgia (1744) and His-
torical Narrative of the Colony of Georgia, by Pat Tailfer, et al (1742).
A copy of Moore is in the library. The Society does not have an 18th
century edition of the Tailfer pamphlet except in Hodgson's pamphlet
volume, cited above.
lOThe Rev. Jolm McLeod went to South Carolina and became Pastor
of the Presbyterian Church on Edisto Island in 1741. He remained there
until 1754. He was for a time Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Will-
town, and on James Island. He died on Edisto Island in September 1769.
George Howe, History of the Presbyterian Church in South Carolina
(Columbia: Duffie and Chapman, 1870), 252, 253, 279, 322; South Carolina
Historical and Genealogical Magazine, X, 157 (July, 1909), XVI, 91 (April,
1915). The extracts regarding McLeod, that Mackenzie mentions are given
below.
iiThis publication and the copy from "Pedigree of the Borley, or Junior
Branch of the Scoury Family" are not in the Society's library.
i^Given below.
I'^Given below.
i4The letter is not in the Society's library.
i^Given below.
i6Anonymous review of Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, I
(Savannah, 1840), and Manuscripts of Don Manuel de Montiano, 1740,
in Southern Quarterly Revieio, V, 391-419 (April, 1844). It is titled, "History
of Florida." At this time copies in Spanish of the reports and letters of
Montiano, some of which are quoted in the review, were in the Public
Archives in St. Augustine, Florida. William B. Hodgson had them copied
for the Georgia Historical Society in 1844. They were later translated and
published as Collections of the Georgia Historical Society, VII, pt. 1 (Sa-
vannah, 1909). In the index to the Society's copy of this issue of Southern
Quarterly Review, some authors have been identified in pencil. By the
entry for this review is written "Genl. Brown."
i7The petition is in A. D. Chandler, The Colonial Records of the State
of Georgia, I (Atlanta, 1905), 427-28.
isWilliam Roberts, An Account of the First Discovery and Natural History
of Florida. London, Printed for T. Jefferys, 1763. The society does not have
a copy.
i9Hugh Mackay in The Scots Magazine, II, 527-28 (1740).
20A character in Ben Jonson's Every Man in His Humour.
~iThe Report of the Committee of Both Houses of Assembly of the
Province of South Carolina, Appointed to Enquire Into the Causes of the
Disappointment of Success, in the Late Expedition Against St. Augustine,
Under the Command of General Oglethorpe. London, Printed for J. Roberts,
1743. A reprint of the Charleston printing of 1742.
22This publication is not at the Georgia Historical Society. Some of it
quoted here is almost verbatim from The Report of the Committee of Both
Houses of Assembly of the Province of South Carolina cited above.
23Lt. Col. William Cooke.
24T7ie History of the American Indians . . . By James Adair. London,
Printed for Edward and Charles Dilly, 1775.
-'r>This book is not at the Georgia Historical Society nor is Wynne's
History of the British Empire.
-T.A letter describing the Battle of Bloody Marsh, by Patrick Sutherland,
in The Scots Magazine, IV, 576-79 (Dec, 1742).
27\Ve have not been able to identify this Agricultural address.
esTefft added the letter to his autograph collection which was sold
at auction after his death. C. F. Fisher, comp. Catalogue of the Entire
Collection of Autographs of the Late Mr. I. K. Tefft, of Savannah, Ga. . . .
The Maikenzie Papers 241
The Whole to be Sold by Auction, . . . New York: Leavitt, Strebeigh & Co.,
1867, p. 192. It is listed in group f2028 as 3p. ALS, 1845.
-9The extracts are not at the Georgia Historical Society.
30The Society had some correspondence with Robert Lemon of the State
Paper Office, 1840-1849, in regard to Georgia records there. Much of this
is still at the Society.
3i2Vofes 071 Northern Africa, the Sahara and Soudan, in Relation to the
Ethnography, Languages, History, Political and Social Conditions, of the
Natives of Those Countries. By "William B. Hodgson. New York: Wiley and
Putnam, 1844.
S2An Impartial Account of the Late Expedition Against St. Augustine
Under General Oglethorpe. London: Printed for J. Higginson, 1742. The
Society does not have this edition.
33A Full Reply to Lieut. Cadogan's Spanish Hireling dc. and Lieut.
Mackay's Letter Concerning the Action at Moosa. [By James Edward Ogle-
thorpe.] London: Printed for J. Higginson, 1743. Not at the Georgia
Historical Society.
34^ Relation or Journal of a Late Expedition to the Gates of St. Augustine
on Florida: Conducted by the Hon. General Oglethorpe. [By Edward
Kimber.] London, Printed for T. Astley, 1744. Mackenzie made a copy of
this in his own hand and sent it to Wm. B. Hodgson from "British Mu-
seum, London, August, 1845." Only the first seven pages and part of page 8
are still in this collection.
3-'>Given below.
36Washington Irving, Minister to Spain, 1842-1846.
37Sawder, meaning flattery or blarney, is now obsolete.
38Not at the Society.
39The Society has a file of The Scots Magazine, 1739 (v.l)-1742 (v.4) ;
1745 (v.7)-1748 (v.lO) ; 1750 (v.l2); 1753 (v.l5)-1785 (v.47); 1787 (v.49)-
1790 (V.52); 1793 (v.55)-1802 (v.64); 1805 (v.67). Undoubtedly some, if not
all of these, came from Mackenzie. There are no marks in them or any
records to indicate the source.
40The Society has a manuscript copy of "Report of Sir James Wright on
the Condition of the Province of Georgia, on 20th Sept., 1773," written to
the Earl of Dartmouth in "answer to queries." This copy was published
in Collections of the Georgia Historical Society (Savannah, 1873), III, 158-75.
41 Charles Wallace Howard, appointed by an Act of the Georgia Legis-
lature of April 5, 1838, to go to England to secure originals or transcripts
of documents relating to colonial Georgia, spent several years there copying
these records. His transcripts were later lost in a fire. The records were
recopied by Allen D. Candler. The Society does not have the "brief extracts"
from De Brahm, sent by Mackenzie. This letter may have been the inspira-
tion for George Wymberley Jones's publication, History of the Province of
Georgia . . . , by John Gerar William De Brahms (Wormsloe, 1849).
^'^Biographical Memorials of James Oglethorpe, Founder of the Colony of
Georgia in North America. By Thaddeus Mason Harris. Boston: Printed for
the Author, 1841.
43Parliamentary Debates, binder's title of The History and Proceedings
of the House of Commons from the Restoration to the Present Tim,e. London:
Chandler, 1742. The Society has seven volumes covering 1660-1733.
44Not at the Society.
45The reference is to the marriage of Mary Musgrove Matthews, Ogle-
thorpe's Indian interpreter, to the Reverend Thomas Bosomworth. The
Bosomworth claims have been the subject of several articles.
46Most of the extracts made by Dr. Mackenzie are dispatches from one
242 The Mackenzie Papers
Wye who appears to have been the London correspondent for the Edinburgh
Caledonian Mercury.
iTReasons for establishing the Colony of Georgia with Regard to the
Trade of Great Britain . . . (London: For W. Meadows, 1733), published
without attribution of authorship. The second edition, same publisher, also
in 1733, gives Benjamin Martyn as author.
48The well known engraving, "A View of Savannah as it Stood the 29th
of March, 1734." P. Gordon Inv., P. Fourdrinier Sculp.
49An Extract of the Journals of Mr. Commissary von Reck Who Con-
ducted the First Transport of Saltzburghers to Georgia, and of the Reverend
Mr. Bolzius, One of Their Ministers, Giving an Account of Their Voyage To,
and Happy Settlement in That Province. Published by the direction of
the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. London: Printed by M.
Downing, 1734.
500f these publications the Society has only some volumes of The Po-
litical State of Great Britain . . . London: A. Boyer (etc.), vol. XXIX,
1725; vols. XLIV-LI, 1732-1736.
5iCited in Note 3, above.
52The originals of this genealogy and the letter of Sir Alexander Mack-
intosh to Mackenzie which follows it are now in the Keith Reid Manuscript
Collection, University of Georgia Libraries. Published here by permission.
53Phineas, Lewis and Janet died in Darien. E. M. Coulter and A. B.
Saye, eds., A List of the Early Settlers of Georgia. (Athens: University
of Georgia Press, c. 1949), 85-86; Lachlan Mcintosh's family Bible in
J. G. B. Bulloch, A History and Genealogy of the Family of Baillie of
Dunain, . . . (Green Bay, Wsc, 1878), 85-86.
54His plantation on the Sapelo River was named Essich, not Borlum.
55We have found no confirmation of this Revolutionary "War service.
56William was not killed at Savannah; he died in 1799. Columbian
Museum and Savannah Advertiser, December 6, 1799, P. 3, col. 3. The editors
have found no record of his marriage and issue.
57Charles Harris died March 18, 1827, not 1829. Charles and Catherine
Mcintosh Harris had five children, only two of whom grew to maturity.
Charles Harris, Jr. died September 7, 1826, age 22, unmarried. Sarah
Elizabeth Harris married Nicholas J. Bayard (not Nicholas S. Bayard), June
25, 1829. She died February 11, 1831. We found no record of children of
this marriage. Annals of Georgia . . . Vol. Ill: Mortuary Records, abstracted
and compiled by Caroline Price Wilson (Savannah, 1933), 88, 100, 108, 208,
228; Chatham County Marriage Abstracts, 1805-1852 (typed manuscript
prepared by WPA); Savannah Georgian, September 14, 1826, p. 2, col. 6.
58This record omits the birth date of Lachlan Mcintosh which was March
5, 1725. His Bible, cited above.
59It was Nancy Baillie, not Margery, who married William Davies. Co-
lumbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser, March; 14, 1797, p. 3, col. 1.
eoThis letter from Sir Alexander Mackintosh to Dr. Mackenzie (which
is incomplete) contains several inaccuracies, in addition to those pointed
out by Dr. Mackenzie. For example, more recent information on this family
indicates that William, the eldest son of 4th of Borlum, married Anne Reade,
not I*rice.
eiSee Note 10, above.
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
INDEX
243
Abercorn, Earl of 78
Abercrombie, Mr 79
Aberdeen, Lord 13, 17-18, 19, 22, 27,
28,52,53,65,85,86,146
Adair's History 163
Addington, H. U 27, 52, 68, 69
Advocate's Library, Edinburgh 154,
164, 167, 179,202
African Salee 156
Aix-la-Chappelle, Treaty of 206
Aldborough, H.M.S 189-191
Alexander, John 225, 226
Algiers 133
Alicante 179
Alison, Sir Archibald 65
Altamaha River 180,201,205
Alvarez, Don Antonio . . 127, 129, 130, 131
Alvarado, Mocaso de 97
Amelia Island, Fla 155
Anastasia Island 160, 164
Anastasia River 162
Anderson, Adam 216-222, 225
Anderson, Hugh 136
Apachicola (Apalachicola) 97
Archer, Thomas (Trustee) 197
Archives of Georgia . . . SeeGeorgia records
Argyleshire, Scotland 222-223
Arnold, Dr. Richard D 48
Athens (Ga.,) Whig, mentioned 64
Augusta Ga 167, 227-228, 236-237
Austria 157
Badenoch, Scotland 144
Baillie, Alexander 207
Baillie, George 207
Baillie, Hester Mackintosh 207
Baillie, Mary Lockhart 204
Baillie, Robert (Scotland) 210
Baillie, William of Dunain 204
Baker, Capt 189, 197
Bancroft, George 18, 22, 39, 81
82,84,85,86,88, 125
Banfield, Mr 96
Barcia, Andres Gonsales de 97
Barings of London 173
Barnard, Col. Edward 231, 234
Barron, Commodore James 93
Barton, Rev. Daniel 231,233
Bavaria, King of 96
Bayard, Elizabeth 210
Bayard, Nicholas (Serle) 208
Belcher, Gov. Jonathan 128
Benzoni, Girolamo 97
Berriman, Rev. William 188
Bethany, Town of 175
Bevan, Joseph Vallence 3, 43, 73,
120, 124
Bishop of London 225
Blake, Capt 231
Board of Trade, passim,
Georgia records in, 31-32
Bohon, Robert 230
Borley, Scotland 140-141
Bones, Mr 136-137
Borlum, Scotland 204, 212
Bosomworth, Rev. Thomas 60, 241
Boswell, Sir Alexander 138-139
Boswell, David ("Don") 139
Boswell, David Thomas 139
Boswell, James 138-139
Boswell, Sir James 138
Boswell, Lady 138-139
Boswell, Thomas A 138-139
Bow Church, London 182
Bowles, WilHam Augustus 130
Boyer, A 203,242
Bray, Dr. Thomas 200
Brim, Emperor of the Creeks 158
British Museum, passim
Brodhead, J. R 17, 51, 82,
83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89
Brodick, Island of Arran 142
Broomly, William, Jr., M.P.
(Trustee), 182
Brown, Rev. James 227
Brown, T.S 126,130
Brunswick, House of 81
Bulloch, Dr. J. G. B 242
Bundy, Rev, Richard (Trustee) 181
Bunker Hill 152
Burke, Edmund 96
Burton, Rev. John (Trustee) 183
Cadogan, Lt. George . . . 129, 170, 204, 241
Calais 190, 192, 194
Cledonian Mercury (Edinburgh) 14,
15,135, 179-202,238-239
Camden Society 178
Canada 147,153
Canallas (LaCanela), Fla 155
Candler, Allen D 4, 241
Canning, George 44, 120
Cannon, Mr., of Horse Guards 171
Canterbury, Archbishop of 236, 238
Cape Fear, N. C 222
Cardenas, pseud 97
Caro, Joseph E 131
Carriston, William 195
Cartagena 203
Cashell, (Nicholas ?) 230
Causton, Thomas 77, 217
Chalmers, George 140
Chandois, Duke of 195
Charles 1 145
Charles II 202
Charleston, S.C 149, 156, 158
177, 182-186, 188-189, 192, 197-198,
201,210
244
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Charleston Library Society 91 , 92
Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de . . 96
Charlton, Robert M 48, 75
Chatham, Earl of 167
Chattan, Clan (Mackintosh) 145, 204
Chelsea Royal Hospital 194
Cherokee Indians 158-159,
162, 197,233
Chickasaw Indians 126, 159
Christie, Thomas 181
Clarke, (Dr. Alured ?) 79
Clarke, Mr 25,45
Clay, Henry 154
Clinch, Duncan Lament 210
Coates, Mr 6, 7
Coddington, John 1 5, 100
Cold Stream Guards 211
Coleman, Mr 166
Colonial Office 82
Columbian Museum & Savannah
Advertiser 242
Concha, Marquis de la Habana 132
Connecticut, copying colonial
records 76
Constantinople 133
Cooke, Lt. Col. William 19, 38,
166, 177
Copp, Rev. Jonathan 230, 232
236-237
Coppee, Edward 127, 129, 133
Corbett, of Ardill 141
Cornich, Capt 199
Cotton, price of 166
Coulter, Ellis Merton 242
Crackers 96
Crawford, Gov. George W 65,
66, 101
Creek Indians 156-157, 163,
187,193,201,233
Crockett, Col 151
Cuba 148, 150-151, 156-157,
161-164,203
Cumberland, Duke of 19, 38
Cumberland Island 201
Gumming, John 49
Gumming, Mrs. Leslie 139
Custom House, Savannah 80
Daily Georgian (Savannah),
article in 43-48
Dandridge, Capt 159
Darien, Ga 149
(New Inverness), 201, 205-207, 210, 218
Darien, Isthmus of 164
de Brahm, John Gerar William . . . 175-176,
241
de Bry, Theodore 92, 97, 121
Dent, Commodore 155
Deptford 191
Derby, Earlof 78, 180, 183
Derrick, W.S 100
Desagulier, Dr. (Royal Academy) 194
Desoto See Soto
Dimitry, Alexander 93
Dixon, Thomas 230
Dog Tavern 197
Donnington-Smith, Hugh 135
Douglass, David 136
Downs, The 153
Drummond, Mr 216
Dumont, Mr 79
Dunain, Scotland 204
Dunbar, Capt. George 146, 155
159, 195, 200-201, 204-205, 213-214, 216
Dunbar, P 141
Duncan Dr. William 48
Duncanson, Rev. William 299-230,
236-237
Dundee, Viscount 145
Dunvengan family 140
Dymock, John 208
Ebenezer, Town of 175, 190,
193, 195, 198
Ebermann, Mr 99
Edinburgh Caledonian Mercury See
Caledonian Mercury
Edinburgh, University of 95
Eglinton, Earl of 167
Egypt 133
Ellington, Rev. Edward 234-235
Elliott, Benjamin 92
Elliott, Bp. Shephen 63, 64, 66
Emerson, Ralph Waldo 125
Epreuve, H.M.S 231
Estaing, Count d' 208
Ettinger, Amos A., biography
of Oglethorpe 89
Eugene, Prince 155
Everett, Edward 13, 19, 27,
28, 37, 52, 89
Everleigh, Samuel 79
Evora, Bp. of 96, 97
Ewen, William 235
Fanshaw, Capt 159
Faraday, (Michael ?) 172
Farr, Scotland 146, 211
Fenwick (Finwick), Col 201
Ferguson, Capt 79
Findley, Alexander 226, 235
Flamborough, H.M.S 159
Flax 184
Florida, archives 129, 130, 131
132, 135; early voyages to, 92
Force, Peter 25, 37, 45, 93,
94, 124
Forsyth, John 25, 43, 44
Fort Barrington . . . . , 175
Fort Coovo 159, 162
Fort Diego 125, 150-151, 159
Fort Frederica 155, 178, 200
205,217
Fort George 175
FortMoosa 126, 151, 159, 161,205
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
245
Fort Picolata 151-153, 155-156
Fort St. Andrews 201
Fort St. Augustine See St. Augustine
Fort St. Francis 155-156
Fory, Mr 171, 173-174, 178
Foulis 141
France, attempted settlements by 96;
explorations 97
Franklin, Benjamin 64, 174
Eraser, John 205
Frederica See Fort Frederica
Frink, Rev. Samuel 226,231-236
Fulham Palace 178
Gachard, Mr 132
Gallatin, Albert 98, 124
Gandy, Peter 229
Garcilaso de la Vega 97
Gascoigne, Capt 200
Gentleman's Magazine 7, 202
George III 174
George IV 174
Georgia charter, 76; colonial
assembly, 55, 59-60, 66, 68; Executive
dept., 66; General Assembly, 55, 73-75,
77, 119-121; Governor and Council, 55,
59-60, 65, 66, 68; President and
Assistants, 59, 65; Trustees, 30, 54, 56-
58, 60, 64, 68, 69, 71, 75, 76, 179-192,
194-201, 214, 219-220, 222-225: Univer-
sity, 63, 135.
Georgia Gazette 235
Georgia Historical Society, passim.; ap-
peals to General Assembly, . 73-75, 1 19-
121
Georgia records. Board of Trade,
31-32; State Paper Office, 33-34, 56-60,
64-65, 78-79; Milledgeville, 61, 65, 66,
101-119; Atlanta, 122-123; Spain, 125-
133; Florida, 131-132
Gerladino, Don Thomas 155
Gibraltar 128
Gignilliat, Henry 206
Gilbert (ship) 194
Gilmer, Gov. George R 3, 25, 75
Glenelg, Lord 7,25
Gonson, Sir John (Trustee) 183
Gordon, Lt. Gen. Hugh Mackay 141
Gordon, Peter 195-196, 242
Gourges, Dominique de 97
Grahame, James, LLD 47, 96, 98
99, 124, 136
Grants, Lady Lydia 210
Green, Charles 80
Greenhow, Dr. Robert 93
Grey, Lord 82, 83, 84, 85, 87
Grimaldi, Stacey 140
Guemes y Horcasitas, Don Juan
Francisco de 128
Gulf of Mexico 172
Hamilton, Sir William 14, 95, 136-137
Hampton Court 85
Hansen, William Y 101
Hamburg 184
Hanbury, William (Trustee) 183
Harden, Edward J 121
Harrington, Lord 79
Harris, Thaddeus Mason 90, 124, 128,
169, 177-178,241
Harris, Charles 208, 242
Harrison, Mr 181
Havana, Cuba 155-156, 158,
164, 188, 202; Franciscan convent in,
133
Hawes, Mr., Colonial Undersecretary . . 82,
85,86,87
Hawk, H.M.S 200
Hawkes, Dr. Francis L 127, 129, 130
Heathcote, George, M.P. (Trustee), . . 180,
195
Hector, H.M.S 159
Hemp 184
Henry, Charles Seton 133
Herbert, Rev. Henry 19
Higginson, J 241
Hill, Lord 26
Hillary, Maria 207
Hillhouse, Mr 72
Hillsborough, Lord 174
Hobhouse, Henry 27, 52, 69
Hodgson, William Brown 15, 22,
37, 48, 64, 66, 84, 121, 129, 132, 133,
134-135, 138, 140-141, 154, 166, 169,
173-174, 179,203-204,241
Holland 184
Holmes, Abiel 96
Holmes, John 226
Horn Tavern 186
Horse Guards 19, 26, 38, 166,
171,177
Houstoun, Ann 209
Houstoun, Gov. John 3, 209
Houstoun, Sir Patrick 185, 201, 209
Howard, Rev. Charles Wallace 3,
4,6,7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 35, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52,
53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 65, 73, 120, 121,
123, 176,241
Howland, John 91, 123
Hucks, Robert (Trustee) 180
Hudson, Gen 236
Hunter, Miss 15
Indian affairs, documents relating to ... 93
Iverness, Scotland 144-146, 204-205
Irving, Washington 132, 133,
171,241
Issaac, Low & Co 62, 66, 69, 70
71, 75, 78, 80, 87, 140, 173, 175; See
also Low (Andrew) & Co.
Jackson, Joseph Webber 119
121, 124
Jacobite Party 146
246
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Jamaica 155, 164
James, R 145
Jeffreys, (William ?) 79
Johnson, Gov. Robert 78, 79, 197
Johnson, Dr. Samuel 139
Johnstone, Gov. Gabriel 222
Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr 123
Jones, George Wymberley 241
Jones, Noble 229,235
Keane, Mr 167
Keith Read Papers 135, 242
Kell, John 207
Kensington 192
King, Mitchell 93, 124
King, Rufus 3, 65, 66, 73, 120
Land grants 60, 64
Lambeth, Archepiscopal Palace of . . . 167,
178, 236-237
Lacy, James 182
Laudonniere, Rene Goulain de 92, 97
Laws, Capt 159
Lawyers 191
Leake, Richard 206
Lechmere, Mr 35, 42
Le Marchand, Mr 45
Lemon, Robert 4, 6, 7, 9, 1 1,
12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 29,
30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46,
47, 50, 51, 52, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67,
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 76, 77, 78, 82, 89,
120, 168, 241; discourteous reception of
Tefft, 84-89
Lennard, J.B 22
Leoats 152
Lescarbot, Marc 96
Lesse (Leslie ?), Jane Mackintosh 205
Lesse (Leslie ?), Rev. James 205
Library of Congress 93
Liston, Robert 168-169
Liverpool, England 182
Mayor of, 78
Lloyd, D.M 135
Lockhart, John 204
Lombe, Sir Thomas 78, 202
London (ship) 200
London Gazette 177, 193
London Institution, Farsbury
Square 177
London Securities Market 173
Low, Andrew 174
Low (Andrew) & Co. ... 68, 69, 70, 77, 80;
see also Isaac, Low & Co.
Lowten, Rev. Timothy 226
Lowther, (Sir William ?) 79
Lumpkin, Mr 72
McAllister, Matthew Hall 64,
101, 121
McCall, Hugh 7,67, 128
McDaniel, Gov. Henry D 123
McDonald, Gov. Charles J 101
McDonald, Gen. Sir James 211
McGillivray, Alexander 130
McGirt, Daniel 130
Mcintosh See Mackintosh
McKenzie, Kenneth, 204;
see also Mackenzie
McLeod, Alexander 218
McLeod, Rev. John 213-225
McLeod, Norman 218
Mackay, Angus 141
Mackay, The Hon. Ann 141
Mackay, Charles 142
Mackay, Donald 141
Mackay, George, Esq 141
Mackay, Lt. Gen. Hugh 138, 140-141,
151-152, 154, 163,201,216
Mackay, Jane 206
Mackay, John 141
Mackay, Patrick 141
Mackay, William 141
Mackay, William (Jr.) of Borley 141
Mackenzie, Dr. William 4, 14, 15,
22, 129, 134-135, 202, 211, 225, 238-
239, 241 ; see also McKenzie
Mackintosh, Alexander 205
Mackintosh, Col. Sir Alexander 144,
204,211,242
Mackintosh, Ann Houstoun (Mrs. George
Mackintosh) 209
Mackintosh, Catherine (Mrs. Charles
Harris) 209
Mackintosh, Christian 205
Mackintosh, Duncan 212
Mackintosh, Elizabeth 210
Mackintosh, George 205-206
Mackintosh, George Baillie 206
Mackintosh, Hampden (also listed
as John Hampden) 208-209, 211
Mackintosh, Henry (Laurens) 209
Mackintosh, Hester (Mrs. J. P. Ward; Mrs.
N. S. Bayard) 209
Mackintosh, James 206
Mackintosh, Jane 205
Mackintosh, Janet 205
Mackintosh, John (of John Mohr), . . . 206
Mackintosh, John (of Lachlan) 208
Mackintosh, John (of William) 206;
Col., 207; Gen, 211
Mackintosh, John Houstoun 209-21 1
Mackintosh, John Mohr 143-144
146, 159,204-206,210-212
Mackintosh, Joseph 205
Mackintosh, Maj. Gen. Lachlan. . 206-209,
211
Mackintosh, Lachlan (of Borlum; should
be"ofKnocknagail") 145,204-205
Mackintosh, Maj. Lachlan
(of Lachlan) 208
Mackintosh, Lachlan (of Scotland). . . . 212
Mackintosh, Lachlan (of William) .... 206
Mackintosh, Lady 145, 210
Mackintosh, Lewis 205
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
247
Mackintosh, Maria (authoress) 206
Mackintosh, Mary 205
Mackintosh, Mary Ann 205, 210
Mackintosh, Mary BaiUie 204
Mackintosh, Mary Lockhart 205
Mackintosh, Marjory Eraser 205
Mackintosh, Phineas 205
Mackintosh, Priscilla 209
Mackintosh, Rory (Roderick) 206
Mackintosh, Sarah Swinton 207
Mackintosh, Sarah Threadcraft
(Mrs. Lachlan Mackintosh) . . . 208, 209
Mackintosh, Simion 146
Mackintosh, William (the
Brigadier 145-146, 204, 212
Mackintosh, William (Creek Chief) ... 207
Mackintosh, William (of
John Mohr) 205-207, 211
Mackintosh, WilUam (of
Lachlan) 208
Mackintosh, William (of
Marlow [Mallow]) 206, 211
Mackintosh, William (of William) 206
Mackintosh of Mackintosh 145
Mackintosh of Moy Hall 143
Mackintosh of Rigmore 145
Mackintosh family of Borlum 145,
204-212
Mackintosh family of Geddes 211
Mackintosh family of Raigmore 211
Maclean, John 205
Maclean, Mary Mackintosh 205
Maclennan, D 204
Macleod, Alexander 140
Macleod, Norman 140;
also see McLeod
Macpherson, Capt. James 44,
79, 201
MacTavish, Dougald 222
Madrid, Spain 206
Malatchi (Molochi) 158
Malmsbury, Lord 208
Manchee Indians 192
Mar, Earl of 212
Markoe, Francis, Jr 94, 124
Marlborough, Duke of 155
Martyn, Benjamin 60, 78-79, 242
Massachusetts, copying colonial
records 76
Massachusette Historical Society 122
Maryland Historical Society 122
Matanzas River 156, 164
Matchet, Capt 141
Matthews, Mary Musgrove 241
Maxwell, Mrs. Mary Persiana 206
Melmouth, Dr. (botanist) 182
Mexico 164, 179, 203
Millar, Robert (botanist) 201
Milledgeville, Ga 169, 175
Miller, Mr 138
Milton, John 3, 67
Mobile, Spanish Florida 163, 232
Molly (Galley) 183
Montiano, Don Manuel de 125-126,
128-130, 133, 147-153, 166
Moore, Francis 137
Moore, George 185
Morse, V 203
Mountgomery, Sir Robert 121
Moy, Scotland 205
Moy Hall 143,145
Munro, Rev'd. Robert 141
Munroe Family 141
Musgrove See Mathews
Muskohge Indians 163
Nash, Gen. Francis 206
Natolia, Syria 199
National Institution 93-94
Nephew, Charlotte 209
Newcastle, Duke of 192
Newgate Prison 212
New Inverness (see Darien)
Newton, Islay 144
New York (state) copying colonial
records 17, 76
New York Historical Society 122
Nicholas, Capt. John 153
Nichols, John 38
Nicholson, Miss 140
Nicolausa 161-162
Nisbet, James 217
North Carolina 222-223
Notchees Indians 195
Oglethorpe, Gen. James 7, 17, 22,
78-79, 89-90, 96, 125-127, 131, 139, 141-
142, 144-145, 149-167, 170-172, 176,
182-188, 201-202, 204-205, 215-218,
220-223, 225, 241; courtmartial, 19, 36,
38-39, 47, 128-129, 177-178; form of
name, 30, 80-81; Governor ap-
pointment, 181; in England, 189-199;
returns to Georgia, 200
Oglethorpe, Sir Theophilus 80
Oglethorpe's Regiment of
Foot 166, 171-172
Oxford University 174
Page, John (Trustee) 183
Pall-Mali, Society (see Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts)
Palmer, Col. (John?) 126, 151
160-161
Palmerston, Vicount 25, 35
Panton, Leslie & Co 130
Paris, Treaty of 67
Paul, Capt 194
Pearse, Capt 164
Penn, William 79
Pensacola, Spanish West
Florida 163
Perkins, John 230
Peru 203
248
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Peter and James, (ship) 194
Pfeill, Christopher Charles
Louise de 79
Phillips, Erasmus, M.P.
(Trustee) 183
Phillpott(s), Robert 6, 7, 8
Phoenix, H. M. S 159
Piedmontese 188, 198
Pierce, Commodore 159
Pinkerton, John 178
Pointz, Mr 195-196
Ponce de Leon, Juan 164
Port Mahon 128
Port Royal, S. C 182
Potash 182, 184, 199
Potamac River 149
Poyes, Monsieur 188
Preston, Battle of 146, 212
Preston, Henry Kollock 10, 48, 75
Pretender, The 81
Prevost, Gen. Augustine 208
Price, Anne 212
Prince of Wales,
(Later George III) 193
Prince of Wales, (ship), 146,196,205
Princess Amelia 193
Princess Caroline 193
Princess Louisa 193
Princess Mary 193
Princess of Orange 193
Pritchard, William H 124;
report on Georgia archives 101-1 19
Pupo(Papo) 152
Furry, Col. Jean Pierre 80, 183
188, 190-194, 197
Purrysburg, S. C 77, 80, 190, 192, 197
Quartel Point 160, 162
Queen Anne 212
Quincy, Rev'd. Samuel 19, 79
Raits, Scotland 204
Raven, The (Cherokee) 158
Reay, Lord John 141
Reck, Philip Georg Frederick
von 79, 99, 189, 192, 194, 197-198
Reid, Mrs. Robert Raymond 126
Rhode Island, copying colonial
records 76
Rice 194, 198
Rigmore, Scotland 145
Rives, Francis R 39
Roaker, Mr 182
Roberts, History of Florida 150-151,
164
Rogers, F.N 36-37
Rokenbaugh, Sally Ann 207
Rotterdam 195
Royal Society 185, 194
Royal Exchange 190, 194
Rush, Richard 73
Sabine River 149
Saffold Militia 141
St. Augustine, Fla 47, 185, 201, 203,
205, 221, 232; expedition, 125-126, 128,
147-165,170-171,177,225
St. Helens 189
St. James, Westminister, baptismal
register 81
St. Johns River (St. Matheo) 150,
155-159,201,226
St. Margaret's Westminster 184
St. Mary's River 209
St. Patrick, Dean of
(see Jonathan Swift)
St. Paul's Cathedral 193
St. Sebastian River 162
St. Simon's Island 195
St. Swithin's 188
Salazar, Joseph de 97
Salgado, Don A 151
Salmon, Mr 181
Salzburg, Austria 95
Salzburgers 80, 50 184, 186,
189, 194-196, 198
Sapelo River, 206
Sarat, [Gulliver's Travels] 153
Sardinia, King of 189
Savannah, City of,
progress to July 1734, 190-191;
census of 1771, 234
Savannah Republican. ... 37, 40-41, 43-44,
49, 135, 238; article in, 21-26, 35-36, 43-
66
Savannah River 180
Saye, A.B 242
Scomp, Prof. H. A 3, 122, 123
Scots Magazine . . . .' 144, 163-164,
173,202-203
Scott, Francis, 185
Scott, Sir Walter 139,211
Scottish Highland Settlers 142-144,
200-201,214-216,222
Semaneas, Spain 132
Seville, Spain 132
Seymour, Rev. James 227-229
Shelborne, Earl of 174-175
Silk Industry 180, 182, 188,
194, 198-199,202
Sion College 178
Sloane, Sir Hans 176
Smets, Alexander A 121 , 146
Society for Promoting Christian
Knowledge, 171, 174, 225-238, 242; in
Scotland, 212-215
Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, 13,19
Society of Colonial Wars in the
State of Georgia 135
Solis de Meras, Dr 97
Sollick, Mr 38
Soto, Hernando de: expedition 96-97
Southern Review 146
South Carolina 154-161, 174-176, 183,
THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
249
188-190, 192, 194-195, 197-198, 201-
202, 222, records, 76; settlement of, 97;
militia, 162; troops, 163, 166, 171
South Carolina Historical Society 92
Spain; explorations, 96-97; Georgia
records in, 125-133; king of, 147
Spalding, Charles 206
Spalding, James 206
Spalding, Margery Mackintosh 206
Spalding, Thomas (of Sapelo) 206
Spalding family 144-145
Sparks, Jared 64, 169
Spence, H.M.S 159
Spence, Nichol 216
Spencer, William 229
Squirrel, H. M. S 155, 159
Stanley, (Sir Edward ?) 78-79
State Paper Office, Georgia
documents in, 81-85, 87-89
Stephen, James 25
Stevens, William Bacon 4, 10, 12,
14, 19, 21-23, 28, 37, 63-66, 68, 80, 84,
89, 92-93, 95-96, 120, 134-137, 176, 238
Stevenson, Andrew 25, 45
Stewart, Baillie John (Inverness) 210
Stewart, John 210
Stewart, Sir John 210
Stewart, Marjory 210
Stewart, Mr., of London 96
Stirk, Benjamin 230
Stokes, Anthony 47
Strathdearn, a Scottish glen 144
Stuart, James, of Dunearn 138
Stuart, Col. John (Indian Supt.) 206
Stuart, Sir John 144
Sunbury, Georgia 226
Sutherland, Earl of 141 , 144
Sutherland, Maj. Patrick 166
Swendenborg, Emanuel 125
Swift, Jonathan 152-153
Swinton, Sarah 207
Switzerland, 80; Protestants 179,
183, 192, 194, 197-198
Symmons, Mr 190
Symonds, H. M. S 194, 199
Tailfer, Patrick, M. D 136
Talmage, Rev. Samuel K., D. D 75
Teale, Rev. (John ?) 232-233
Tefft, Charles 85-86
Tefft, Isreal Keech, 4, 10-16,
19-20, 22, 29, 37, 39, 41, 43, 50-51, 62,
64, 66-72, 75-78, 81-83, 90-91, 93-95,
98, 101, 119, 126-138, 144, 168, 171,
177; discourteous reception by Lemon,
84-89
Tennison, Archbishop 173
Thatcher, James 99, 124
Thompson, Pishey 93
Thompson, Poulett 26
Thorpe of London 11, 140
Threadcraft, Sarah
(Mrs. Lachlan Mackintosh) . . . 208-209
Tomo-Chichi 158, 186, 193, 196, 201
Toonahowi 158, 201
Tower of London 212
Townshend, Capt 159
Treuttel & Wurz 98-99
Trinity Lane German Church 196
Troup, Gov. George M 207
Tullamore, Lord 189
TybeeBar 205
Tyerer, George (Trustee) 183
United States Secretary of State 81
State Department 80, 93
Urlsperger Tracts 99
Van Der Dussen, Col 159
Vera Cruz, Mexico 201
Verelst, Harmon 79
Vermont, copying colonial records 76
Vernon, Adm. Edward 164
Vernon, James (Trustee) 180, 192
Victoria, Queen 81-83, 87-88
Vigures, Mr 8
Virginia Historical Society 122
Von Reck, Baron (see Reck, Philip
Georg Frederick von)
Walker, John 215-217, 221
Wall, Miss 206
Walpole, Sir Robert 194
Walsh, Robert 96
Ward, John Peter 208
Warren, V-Adm. Sir Peter, 155-156,
158-160, 162, 164
Washington, George 64, 207-208
Waterloo, Battle of 211
Wayne, James Moore 121, 133
Wellington, Duke of 25
Wesley, Rev. John 19, 47, 58, 202
Westbrook Place 189
Westminster Abbey 172, 193, 197
Westminster School 192
Whitefield, Rev. George 19, 58,
234-235
Wickliffe, Robert 100
William, (ship) 197
Williams, Rev. Dr. Daniel, 214,
220, 224
Williams, H. C 94, 124
Williams Library 178
Wills, Rev. Dr., Dean of Exeter 236
Windsor Castle 86
Wine industry 184, 190, 194, 199
Wolf, H.M.S 159
Worcester, Bishop of 78
Wordsworth, William, poem "Ruth" . . 96
Wormsloe 241
Wright, Sir James 59, 67, 96,
174-175,225,227,236,241
Wye, (London reporter) 179-204, 242
Yamacraw Indians 190
Yemassee Indians 161
250 THE SEARCH FOR GEORGIA'S COLONIAL RECORDS
Yoakley, Capt 194, 198-199
Zouberbuhler,
Rev. Bartholomew 229, 231
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