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COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES
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NEW TERMS
CHINESE AND ENGLISH TEXTS
BY
EVAN MORGAN
SHANGHAI
KELLY AND WALSH
1922
WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR
ON THE
CHINESE LANGUAGE
500 pages, 6X9 inches, bound in cloth blocked in gold on back and side
A GUIDE TO
WENLI STYLES AND CHINESE IDEALS
ESSAYS, EDICTS, PROCLA.M ATION'S,
MEMORIALS, LETTERS, DOCUMENTS,
INSCRIPTIONS, COMMERCIAL PAPERS
CHINESE AND ENGLISH TEXT
WITH NOTES, VOCABULARIES, ETC.
Primarily this work is intended for students of Wenli. These selections
are tendered in the belief that they offer a help townrd further proirretis
in Chinese Literature. Notes on Grammar and Construction have been
added to elucidate, wliere possible, difficulties and obsciurities. Another
object which the author had in view, was to exhibit to Enjrlish Readers the
(■Jreat Thoughts of the Chinese people, both past and present. From
Author's Preface.
This is a most excellent compilation of choice Chinese literary docu-
ments, with translations and with valuable notes. National Review.
Mr. Morgan' in his excellent translation of these ancient and modern
essays has dis^closed the mind of the Ciiinese. . . . AVe would invite
special attention to that irem of literature, "What a Child Outrht to Know."
R.A.S. Journal. One misjht reach far to find a more admirable collection
of literary excerpts, as a basis for enjoyable study. Dr. John Wherry in
7'he Recorder.
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a bird'fi-eye view of tei ni.s iiaving a similar endiiiK, will enable the student
the more easily to study tiie n)eth()ii of constructing new tertn.c!, an<l help
him to understand the facility with which new ideas tind expression.
It will further aid him to study tii" growth of Chinesu historically, and to
compare the develo|)inent of this with other languages. Section 3.
En^rlish words alphabetically arranged with page references.
"Mr. Mqroan's excellent little dictionary. No one will purchase and
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has indeed supplied a 'felt want.' " Rev, G. (i. Waurkn.
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COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES
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NEW TERMS
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BV
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SHANGHAI
KELLY AND WALSH
1922
INTRODUCTION
There are so:ne adinirdble collections of sentences in
existence for the old Mandarin, and the present collection is
not intended as a substitute for these. They are rather
offered as a supplement to such ; as an addition, to supply
the need for the expression of new ideas and new words.
For the language is full of such innovations. Words and
thoughts have been steadily creeping into the language, and,
the present collection of sentences is intended as a record of
the most important of these.
The work is not meant for beginners but for more
advanced students. The author has been interested in such
a subject, and what he has felt to be useful to himself, he
thinks may likewise be useful to other students of the
language. The collection of sentences has gradually grown
to a respectable size, enough to make a book to offer to the
public. It is now published in the full hope that students
will find it a help.
The sentences have been divided under eleven heads,
which cover the most important branches of life. ICach
sentence contains at least one new phrase, or some m w
thought or metaphor. This, however, floes not imply that
there is no repetition of new phrases. Some arc often
repeated, — but generally in a different connection and in a
varying phase of expression. The repetition, too, will help
to impress the words on the memory and fix them on the
1NTK01)U( TIOX
mind. The author is confident the sentences will extend the
speaker's vocabulary, and help him to a greater facility in
the expression of the new thought and speech. The language
has been enriched not only by new words, but also by new
similes and metaphors, such as. "The flower of freedom";
"'Golden sign"; "Guiding star": and so on.
Not man) purely technical and scientific words have
been introduced. Such are not within the scope of this little
book. It is limited to words in general use and does not
■contain medical and such terms.
It will be a profitable pastime to consider, and compare
with other languages, how the new terms have been coined in
China. For instance, the word privilege. In English this
has been made up of the component parts Privus, private
and /ex, law. The Chinese on the other hand, have seen fit
to make it up of ch'uan (It) and // (^ij or -ji). So to them
privilege is an advantage gained by power and influence.
Ihe English implies that the position has been legalized.
I')Ut the Chinese look on it as something illegal and gained
by force. Thus at once we are introduced to an interesting
historical reference. The English indicates that those who
trained privilege were the influential members of society,
having the law and the creation of words at their command.
Hut the Chinese word was created in far different times, and,
inider the influence of new ideas of democratic times. Thus
at once we have epochs of history written in the words them-
selves. The inquisitive student will seek out other words for
similarly interesting comparisons.
iii INTRODUCTION
The question of giving the lomani/.ations of the Chinese
sentences has been duly considered. Owing to the difficulty
of spacing, and other reasons, it has been decided not to
do so.
Many of the sentences that appear under one heading
might with equal propriety be placed under another. In a
sense, this was unavoidable from the identity of the subject
matter.
Some phrases that are old appear marked as new, such
as Hsueli Sheng (^ /k). The reason is that such words
have come to have a new importance. The scholars in the
schools have a significance in politics to-da}-, which they did
not have in former times. Likewise with regard to whole
sentences. New terms are underlined.
COLLOQUIAL SENTENCES
WITH
NEW TERMS
CHINESE AND ENGLISH TEXTS
DEALING WITH
I.— ECONOMICS
II.— EDUCATION
III.— GENERALITY
IV.— HISTORY
v.— LABOUR
VI.— PHILOSOPHY
VII. — POLITICS
VIII.— RELIGION
IX.— SCIENCE
X.— SOCIETY
XI.— TRADE
M
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I.— ECONOMICS
1. A critique on methods of production.
2. The organization of production.
3. The Historical School of economics shows the stages of
industrial expansion.
4. Most thriving during the first cycle of the Middle Ages
5. Each community was independent.
6. Servants were legally recognized as a part of the family
in Roman times.
7. The period of the family economy must not be confused
with that of domestic economy.
8. The economic age of the workshop.
9. The age of the factory system.
10. There is a special kind of producer who is called
the stockholder.
11. The establishment of the internal economy of business
is most intricate.
12. The company promoter.
13. A broker.
14. The underwriter.
15. The supreme need is to find in a positive way a method
of financial safety.
16. Japanese financial policy.
17. A great apprehension has overtaken the financial world,
because the banks have put a limit on loans.
4 mm
20 mummm^mm^wR
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ECONOMICS 5
18. A demand cannot but be made on foreign factories to
cancel the contracts already made,
19. At the same time, the export trade was much affected.
20. The policy adopted was in direct opposition to the
current of thought.
21. The Japanese industrial world is under the thumb of
the coal owners.
22. The price of coal is already dear and the transit
expenses are also high.
23. The surplus of imported foreign goods is more than the
quantity demanded.
24. An investigation of Japanese economics as to why the
country had come to the present anarchy.
25. The cotton market shows the influence of Japanese
cotton,
26. The country's internal production is great, and the
demand small.
27. To reform spinning methods.
28. To reform the dyeing methods.
29. The standard was taken from the speed of the machine's
revolution,
30. Without asking the conditions of the practical needs of
society.
31. Machines there are that have been substituted for men's
skill,
32. Whereupon, also the personal struggle of the workmen
became exceptionally violent.
33. Employers of labour consequently take advantage of
those who have lost their jobs to the compulsion of
the present workmen.
34. They dare not have any demands.
6 m '^f
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ECONOMICS 7
35. That is the most obnoxious point in the capitalists'
system of production.
36. The revolution in European industries during the last
one hundred and fifty years.
37. Because steam machinery has increased the activity of
trade and economics.
38. Since necessity, in turn, produced such things as the
telegraph and the wireless.
39. Now also we have the use of petroleum as an article of
fuel.
40. All say that China's economics and civilization have
no need of copying the old style of European
standards.
41. What the banks are most afraid of is the wild and
lavish issue of paper money.
42. At present' Shanghai Banks lend to like institutions ;
which are called discount bills ; loans which are
without securities.
43. There is no proper Central Bank.
44. These may be changed at heavy discount for ready
money at the Central Bank.
45. Because bills of credit can be changed into ready money.
46. Though credit can create ready money it cannot create
capital.
47. A lavish issue of loans is an exceptional danger.
48. Can be drawn out by cheque : cheques take the place
of ready money.
49. Where there is no capital there is no credit.
50. Where there is no credit there is no ready money.
51. Capital and ready money are two interchangeable terms.
52. Ready money being looked on as capital, gives rise to
the saying, " Credit can create capital."
8 m m
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55 mimMd'^i^mjE^nm
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62 #-i0jfj;f'^«fi^5*±§^
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67 mmm'nn
71 mi^^jk^mmmm
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ECONOMICS 9
53. Economical agitations.
54. Banks are the central organs of all trades.
55. Banks embrace every kind of legitimate trade.
56. The raison d'etre of that sentence is ample.
57. According to Chinese custom immediate cash payment
is not made.
58. This after all is only a question of time, and known as
temporary confidence.
59. Where there is reliability there is credit.
60. Therefore time is an important factor in credit, never-
theless it cannot create capital.
61. Nevertheless, it is said that industries cannot be
operated without capitalists, since capital cannot
be accumulated without them.
62. Let us pray for a baptized capitalism,
63. Don't let us be led astray by the mere name of capitalism.
64. To explain the matter according to the teaching of
economics.
65. Therefore they support a Capitalist Society.
66. Evidently dividing (them) into the two great classes of
capital and labour,
67. Give rise to class war.
68. China must create a labour class.
69. Though both methods are unlike, yet in results they
are not dissimilar.
70. Because the knowledge of the Chinese people is too
infantile,
71. Whether time will permit us to advance slowly.
72. The seconding of capitalism and the creation of class
war.
1 ^m'-ti^fitm^t^^jEUA'.
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II.— EDUCATION
1. The National General Conference of Provincial Educa-
tional Associations is now opening its session in
Shanghai.
2. I have heard that amongst the subjects introduced by
the provincial representatives there are included
two, the contents of which are as under:
3. To advocate that in the schools of the Republic the
scholars should not be taught phonetics in the first
and second year's classes.
4. To advocate that the pronunciation and idiom of the
capital be the standards for the country.
5. These two propositions are really two most essential
reforms needed in the teaching of the national
language.
6. One gocd will be the dissipation of the superstition
concerning phonetics.
7. Another good will be the fixing of the national sounds
and language decisively.
8. Such comprehensive counsel, it is very certain, is most
consonant with educational principles.
9. It is also quite evident that the tendency of the debate
in the conference is going in favour of such
suggestion.
10. It is now evident that the impulse toward reform has
already been set in motion.
12 IJC W
21 diii3i^mimm.4s^
22 ;S:m^^^Wi^6^J
EDUCATION 13
11. It is now only necessary that some organization, like
the national conference of education, take the
matter up formally.
12. I fully hope that these two propositions will pass.
13. Therefore I am going to make a clear exposition of
these two propositions, from the educational point
of view.
14. Spelling is the analytical method.
15. It seems an excellent way looked at with an adult's
vision.
16. We understand that the children in the first and second
year's forms in the Republic's schools are still young.
17. It will not be at all an easy matter for their minds to
learn the theoretical analysis of such a thing.
18. Indirectly it will lead the children to recognize
integrally the words already formed.
19. The children of the Republic, in the first and second
standards, have great power of recognizing Chinese
characters directly.
20. Nevertheless it is a question of first importance, whether
or no, the spelling form will be finally accepted
generally.
21. Moreover compulsory education is not universal.
22. It is very inconsistent with the principle of education.
23. The present phonetic character looked at from the two
points of shape and sound have two serious defects.
24. Besides the present stage of teaching the national
language is at the very early experimental period.
25. The working spirits in reform should be themselv'es
practical educationists,
26. The decrees of a democracy should be in harmony with
the needs of the people.
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40 nRi'^\f^>['^)^mmm^'j^w-}^-fm]mhi-^m
EDUCATION 15
27. \\'c in the educational world should act wholly according
to principle.
28. Why should we follow the decree regarding phonetics in
a blind, mechanical way.
29. Looked at from the difficulty of want of uniformity in
the national language.
30. The work of unifying the national language, therefore, is
to seek that the whole country shall speak a
language, the pronunciation of which shall be
altogether mutually intelligible,
31. Therefore, looked at from the practical side, Chinese
speech long ago passed from the simple to the
complex state of language.
32. To determine the future progress in Chinese speech.
33. In one respect, to look at the sounds themselves is quite
enough to raise misgivings.
34. It wholly rests on the observation (view) of others.
35. Perhaps there are those who say, that, by following this
tendency, every province north and south would
gradually come into closer relationship.
36. The radicals of ancient times can be made to determine
the sound element of the present time.
37. Not knowing that speech and language form one class
of instruments convenient to social intercourse.
38. At present the national sound and speech have not yet
been given a clearly defined standard.
39. There are still members who absolutely refuse it
recognition.
40. Moreover, at the time they only depended on one work,
the Imperial Yin Ylin Tan Wei, of the previous
Ch'ing dynasty.
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EDUCATION 17
41. Yet what this term, universal language, points to can't
be securely determined.
42. Because A's universal language is not the same as B's.
43. Since this fusion of a universal language is not to be
taken as a standard.
44. Which kind shall be used as a pure unadulterated
speech.
45. Considered from the nature of language.
46. Being thus wholly without any flaw, and moreover
being free from foolish shortcomings, there can
be no difficulty in its propagation.
47. This language business is an organic body.
48. Considered from the method of teaching language.
49. Generally speaking, the organ for giving sound is
constructed in the same form in (all) men.
50. It is a most pure and single-minded aim.
51. These two schools are quite able to understand and
tolerate each other; which is a very good thing.
52. It is just similar to the politician's business of improving
his position.
53. You should understand that the motive is wrong.
54. The essential factors of economic thought are, one
static, one dynamic.
55. Foremost, there must be sought an explanation of the
view of the advantages of the mechanical phe-
nomena.
56. The interpretation of the Shanghai artistic world.
57. The mobile activities of similarly minded Shanghai
people.
58. They have given themselves to the art world,
59. Mr. Wang must have such a slavish worship.
18 m w
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62 ^M^^m^^M
63 mnw^mmmm
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65 m^m^
66 lili|^»5»^^Wffi(t
67 a E^mi^>^m^k^^f3M
69 y^^Siift^A^^n^^Diil:
73 m^mu^M^, ii3c^fm«vf ^
74 :T^M^imfTft^]lBll
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78 nf]M^um^'ftmnim}i
80 i^f-immwrn, ''S^^'^^^^mmi^^
EDUCATION J9
60. Mr. Wang constantly affirms that China is a country of
decayed scholasticism.
61. Therefore he purposes to be the precursor in a
propaganda of science.
62. What is it that is meant by contraction of habit ?
63. There should be a differentiation in observation.
64. To rely on one's own subjective convictions so as to
criticize the opinions of other men.
65. Strictly speaking.
66. Because subjective criticism, if correct, has value.
67. Yourself being a great scholar and thinker.
68. Truly stand in a conspicuous place in the forefront of
society's tide and flow of events.
69. Even all those with little experience know.
70. The educational sphere progresses pari passu with the
people's advance.
71. Progress in labour and trade conditions is connected
with practical education.
72. Education a hundred years ago was only for the few.
73. This minority was composed of the children of the
nobility and the wealthy.
74. This not only governed the sphere of education.
75. It further indicated the nature of society.
76. Europeans also had this mind somewhat.
77. Therefore European scholars, too, took delight in
learning a little Greek or Latin.
78. We must recognize the important point of education.
79. Because words are only a symbol of thought.
80. As a rule all things that have the same cause must of
necessity have the same result.
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EDUCATION 21
81. Yet if no power of observation is introduced.
82. Let people have a life of great joy and happiness.
83. The present aim of education is to break down the
regime of classes.
84. There are such phenomena in every country, during
times of cultural advance.
85. To speak now of the practical use of education.
86. But the observation is only that of the view of
foreigners.
87. The importance of physical education in schools should
not be looked at from the view of health mostly.
88. As well as the maintenance of live training centers for
teachers.
89. This provides the expenses for the opening of twenty-
five Normal Colleges.
90. To compare the scheme as a whole with the advantages
already gained by Government scholarships for
male colleges.
91. The culture and educational practices of Chihkiang, for
the last hundred years, have gained constant
successes in China.
92. It should be remembered that phonetics cover but a
sixth of the national language. If the total
contents of the national language be in question.
93. Therefore it can be termed the sound element.
94. A set of improved instruments is got from the " Fan
Ch'ieh."
95. To only alter its outward form at present will most
likely give an imperfect course.
96. What is the cause for the inability to represent the
national speech ?
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105 it^:f;i?5iE:^^£^, '(il^^S:MMt-Mfeiilig
106 :r^M^m^-m^mm^
108 mmumm
109 llt^^^^^fAj^^ig
110 /LMfra}%^M-^;ii|^;0mi1^^
111 mmMmm^immtm^
113 HF^mmm
115 ^J^ff^-ft
EDUCATION 23.
97. It is that abstruse phrases, smelling of philosophy, have
been selected. Looking at the results of the first
successes of the democracy (will convince you).
98. The private property of Mr. Wu has been used to
capitalize the association for unifying the sound.
99. There are five points which should be said in
opposition.
100. The chairman of the national culture debating society.
101. The chairman of the conference has no power of speech.
102. The rise of deep apprehension created a reaction.
103. So Mr. Wu's final triumph received both glory and
profit.
104. Parliament is an organ for discussing affairs generally.
105. In the end, there is no need for a formal motion, only
let an expression of view be made to the members
who will act of their own will.
106. First let us imagine a case of one's self personally
setting up an example.
107. Since he has, as I think, a radical reconstruction I
therefore look on him as a colleague.
108. The question of accent.
109. This illicit manoeuvre I have not experienced before.
110. Every new publication will be distributed with every
effort.
111. At that time there were no parasites of the new
civilization.
112- They hang up the golden sign of the propaganda
of the new culture.
113. To open a gambling business.
114. To sow the seeds of the new tide of thought.
115. The introduction of the new culture.
24 a: W
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122 ^^^AaJit^iiM^Ji
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129 ^l;^|iJiA<jfi£;f5J^^M&^j4iH^RI^^|lf6<]:^f±
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133 fJ^jH^r^, ^mm
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EDUCATION 25
116. There is yet no system of inductive investigation.
117. The point of debate is not clearly recognized.
118. I must still ask for a concrete discussion of the topic.
119. Therefore as a matter of fact, Chinese speech early
changed from being a homogeneous language into
a heterogeneous language.
120. Planning for an explicit decision.
121. In one respect, a consideration of the sounds them-
selves truly raises doubts.
122. Possibly men may argue from this tendency.
123. Forgetting that the laws of evolution proceed from the
simple to the complex, never from the complex to
the simple.
124. The inductive school.
125. There are naturally no other flaws,
126. Although it does not bear comparison with a formal
. session of debate, what has been debated contains
the clue for making a system.
127. All write easily with a lead pencil on slips of paper.
128. The method of spelling them must proceed from the
inductive exercises to form a stabilized habit.
129. To apply the process of a posterior reasoning by
instinctive induction as a substitute for the
analytic method.
130. This is a fact that can't be hidden.
131. All is a piecemeal kind of system, without much value.
132. Only, the best way is, that the responsibility of
carrying out this matter be on the normal school
areas of each provincial area.
133. We have will power and reason.
134. The manifestation of will is action.
26 ife w •
135 mm^MiF, m^^nM
136 k^A^^^, m^'\mk
137 #^jtli6^]'I4M, ^, »ni^1i;iffiffE':^fi
138 ^^rm^, s»±fAm?.i;f.^6^fig
139 mm^'m±mm, ^mw-i^mmwrn
140 #|^^^n^-^6«ffi-I^ii^
142 i^^mmu. ^'^mmmm^
144 mm^mm^m
145 ^«^^Mm
146 m^mra^m^m^
149 mm^^M
150 ^^^la^
151 ^SMft-Jl^«
152 mm^i^m, mnif'i^i^f^'M
153 ^w^
154 ^mn^m^
155 :?;^^A6^3^fiitm
156 ^^^m^, ^^^3^A^
157 ;^^^
158 :^mm'^
EDUCATION 27.
135. The manifestation of reason is intelligence.
136. The expression of the emotions is in feeling.
137. An examination of his nature and life will guide us
to the way of giving practical help.
138. For instance, music occupies a high place in the sphere
of the arts.
139. Art is a function (work) of the mind in a direct object
and most simple.
140. Germs and every unclean thing alike enter.
141. Therefore the mucor running from the nose is not
always a sign of a cold ; but only an indication of
the nose fulfilling its work.
142. The eye is for seeing the position of things in space.
143. The ear is for hearing the place of things in time.
144. Art in mo^^ement is the singing of music.
145. Quiescent art is the sculpture in plaster.
146. This is a demonstration that art has made no advance.
147. Public gifts of virtu become art galleries.
148. The advance is made from the simple to the complex.
149. The policy of the peasantry (or agricultural com-
munity).
150. The organization of the aborigines.
151. Agricultural organization often seen in America.
152. The three great bonds of the national speech are the
five great problems of national pronunciation.
153. Phonology.
154. It is a practical article of use.
155. And not a mere decorative instrument of the literary
man.
156. Is a radical error and wholly incorrect.
157. To fix a standard of speech.
158. To fix a standard of sound.
28 n W
162 p^m^^^^mmwrnnrnxM
164 :f;tt^»--f@^~i^:j[r^
165 jfea pia^l/c-a^a^iJ^ ^
166 mmmm^mti^A
167 ^il;t7^W^H+Af@
168 mwt^fi^^m0.ii\m^m&
169 mBM^m^%^^
170 :m^HiMizgs. ^^mi~'mm:^mmm
175 H^^m.mmmt^m
176 mmmmy,
EDUCATION 29
159. To examine the experience of Japan in language
unification.
160. Your country could then re-integrate a form of speech
from its current Mandarin.
161. We advocate the choice of the present current
language as the national language.
162. The only thing is the ability to make the characters a
working instrument for practising the spoken
language.
163. Our'phonologists have been aroused and know that the
sound symbols are the working instruments for
correct sounds.
164. It must be that a method of unifying must be devised.
165. Moreover, the fruits of a unified system of pronuncia-
tion can be gathered.
166. Understand the foreign school of phonology.
167. They publicly decided on thirty-nine phonetics.
168. This is the history of the birth of phonetics.
169. Therefore it has not yet been promulgated.
170. After several attempts no final standard has been fixed,
171. Why therefore, as things are, not maintain the
present condition of things, and help them out in
their deficiencies.
172. He has the free command of thirteen languages, besides
he is a courageous debater.
173. Village life and rustic education in self-consciousness
shows a slight touch of suscitation.
174. The results of the students' examinations were also
transmitted by post.
175. It was not that they rebelled against the management
of the college.
176. They arrogated the professorial authority of the
teachers.
E3
8 |^#j|g:#Atili5:A^>:a>&i=nt^t^
9 mnumti'mmm^Amm^^
10 jgmJSXA^MW
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13 M>f>rf:.xA>fmM
16 %---\mmm
18 togiM^^^^m*a)ri^j/j;U{'Ji;ffii
Ill— GENERALITY
1. Stamp this view on the tablet of the understanding.
2. A genuine capacity.
3. Such subtle uses as these are in the organization.
4. Concerning my personal experience.
5. It is a pity that there is no universal decision to be had
on this subject.
6. To make a radical resuscitation, a bit at a time.
7. To transmit to the Consular Body for sanction.
8. According to the statement of the Chinese Ratepayers
Association, all the five representatives are legally
qualified.
9. The simple brains (of some people) is directly but
little different from that of primitive man.
10. Vocational education of workmen must be instituted.
11. First we must have fewer hours of work.
12. They usually only understand the high-handed method
in dealing with labour.
13. They absolutely refuse them the right of speech.
14. The whole management of a general store is under the
superintendence of one man.
15. The call for reform in the drama is louder each day.
16. There is one point in common.
17. They all suffer from the obstruction of this class of
new popular dramatists.
18. He executes only according to the nature of the
reception accorded.
32 «
19 ^mmmmmmmm';&\ii
20 yr^^;^m^it:kj&M^^^m<
21 m^m-^^y a^MP:^
22 M^-^#i^
23 I^^e^^A^j
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26 ;f;^^6^^^
27 -IiIi^^IpI. SSll^-lifi-^'^®n;S
28 ^II^^M^t^ft^^^
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31 ^3cm=tttt^fl1^^^'It, :{£Bm±i!^>^^m^
33 ^W®'^, -yiMA^^^i^
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35 ^m^ijijitteft^j^rei^
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40 toft^Jij>i:T^10;fiitrr^^i]ii, #Ji.^liiIi&^^j-^H:jj6^J^i^
GENERALITY 33
19. They give expression to some deeply pathetic words
that make the tears flow.
20. Nevertheless it has achieved nothing great, being still
in the germinating period.
21. The leading want of a play is the actor's written copy.
22. Society will certainly welcome (such).
23. Change with environment,
24. It is first necessary to determine the central ideals of
human life.
25. I have lost all my good nature.
26. An imperfect definition.
27. What kind of thing really is an abstract term !
28. To give rise to many senseless conflicts of ideas.
29. I support the class system of such capitalism.
30. Then it will be possible to avoid such agitations,
disturbing the public peace.
31. I am conscious of the constant recurrence of many such
conflicting things in this discussion.
32. Nevertheless, in practical application, there will be few
contrarieties.
33. But I venture to affirm that no one will overthrow me.
34. If the capitalists were to see the labour world, they
would be astonished, on account of the impending
conflict ; one must go under.
35. The workmen are marshalling their fighting forces.
36. Yet it is best not to be wholly too fiery.
37. Sit down on the sofa.
38. I feel that it is the life of most value in the world.
39. However deep such sensations, all feel an imperishable
impression must be made.
40. The result does not only affect hygiene, but further it
will closely affect gymnastics.
34 # it
43 rj^^jtlt^iJ-Wt-^^^Ji
44 m4i^^mmm^p, um^i^^mtAm
48 -sm^m^^km-mjdm
50 irm-^mum^^m.^^, ^m^mm^^^
51 ^^ri^j^^j
Mi:;/
55 n'^mm'^mitm
57 ^t}^m>^n, i:ik^^4¥1f;m^\
59 ^m'^mi^'km. ni&i^-umm
GENERALITY 35
41. Militarism, it is that, hinders the growth of capitalism.
42. An American has invented a species of poisonous
liquid.
43. Chinese culture is tied up to the essay style.
44. Whatever generous food (for the mind, etc.) must be
imported from foreign countries.
45. To join the International Copyright and uphold the
public treaty — what is this after all?
46. Because the government, just here, have devised means
to extinguish our movements toward progress.
47. And limited our publications.
48. Not only is it a question of the first importance to
students themselves.
49. It is also of the greatest importance to the future of
Chinese social life and destiny.
50. Therefore in a comparison between the search for
scholarship and work, naturally the search for
scholarship is the more weighty.
51. The malfeasance of the politicians.
52. Thus the burden of the reconstruction of Society is
wholly put on the shoulders of the students.
53. Knowledge and training will not be equal to it.
54. I also confess that the past and present attitude of the
students has not given complete satisfaction to
men.
55. I have this complacent attitude.
56. I am a young man who has just left the student world.
57. The crash of the hand clapping was unusually clangorous.
58. The losses of the Company closely affect the leading
actors personally.
59. The canons of Chinese historical philosophy form one
of the works of the oresent age.
36 # M
61 ^^^^^^^m
62 fniBf^/S^
63 mmm^^nm
64 lamAJg^^
65 ttf^te^^±-a^ifi55f^^^
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71 *;atl#5M
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73 ^^;g:W^Hyit6^jM
74 :f:^ti:#^^R;^:feBEa;t^
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76 m'Mmmm
77 ^:>(/l^^it?
78 JI^PTilttFill
79 mi^m^m
81 mm^m^
82 ',-fnft[sj#it
GENERALITY 37
60. Between Pacificism and Passivism it is of the last
importance, that the critical attitude be maintained.
61. The very celebrated free city.
62. Fair rent.
63. Free sale of tenant rights.
64. Fixity of tenancy.
65. At the time he absolutely forbade our using the national
language in writing.
66. But dismissed six professors ; this is the result of the
uproar.
67. Thus, in my optimism, I cherish a confident attitude as
I analyze his share of the investigation.
68. I have completely introduced in a general and simple
way my Alma Mater.
69. Forced by my environment I entered the Peking Salt
Gabelle College for agents.
70. I had not hitherto tried the flavor of such an official
school.
71. I am truly not satisfied.
72. I regard such an investigation as unusually perspicacious.
73. You, sir, are the guiding star of the future of young men.
74. This is not the social revolution, but only the
appearance of bandit soldiers like bees.
75. This will save much time and energy.
76. National libraries.
77. Local libraries.
78. Special, esoteric libraries.
79. Folklore libraries.
80. Consulting libraries.
81. College libraries.
82. Deaf and dumb libraries.
/
A
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1 f^w^ms.=f-^mm^
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13 MliSrfilir)fi^JtI;^i'iW.IlI
IV.— HISTORY
1. China has a history extending over four or five
thousand years.
2. Nevertheless no part of it is systematized history.
3. To wipe out this blot, it is necessary to put it right, by
a scientific arrangement of its history.
4. This essay discusses the connection between Darwinism
and History.
5. Philosophical history, and anthropology, and ethnology,
and sociology are sciences that are usually termed
supplementary aids to the science of history.
6. Nevertheless historians pay little attention and make no
use of them.
7. Yet the advance of historical investigation — in the 19th
Century has, nevertheless, gained a general principle
from them.
8. Greek and Roman histories are not vivid descriptive
records.
9. They are a record of practical things.
10. They look on history as lessons in government, or war,
or ethics.
11. Their records are thus simple.
12. They have not thought of the conspectus of continuous
experience and the great importance of the
times.
13. To discuss their personal reasons.
40 m ^
19 mi±^w, mmm^m.m^i'
21 m^m^m, ^i^mm^m^my^n
25 iiJ|5^#I^MUlM
HISTORY 41
14. They say that the evolution of history is determined by
the forceful wills of supermen.
15. And there is no personal agency in the cause and effect
of development.
16. Only the compulsive forces of heaven, which are extra
mundane (induce them).
17. The movements of the human understanding in the 15th
and 16th Centuries prepared the way for a new
conception.
18. Their spirit, culture, practice, are wholly unlike those of
the people of the 13th Century.
19. We see in the 17th Century a manifestation of a new era.
20. The mutual points of dissimilarity are exactly as the
Middle Ages were unlike the Greek and Roman
periods.
21. The duty of the historian is to trace and record such
genetic processes.
22. And make plain every change and finally state explicitly
the total evolution of human life.
23. He does not support the historians of the early ages in
their criticisms of past events.
24. He holds that the duty of history is to state clearly the
course of events.
25. The historical school of creative jurisprudence.
X
1 m^i^m^m'^r.-^^mm'-i
4 ^nm^^mm?^'^^}^. m^r^-mvrsR. ^n^^-^
5 ^m^mmm^m
8 -^-a^i^
14 iii^mm^^ti^tiii^^mm
v.— LABOUR
1. We make the forty-two strand yarn our standard.
2. It is not a blind following ; his self-reliance is
indomitable,
3. There must be the greatest offering.
4. Still less need we speak of our undetermined learning,
little experience, and imperfect ability. There is
no excuse.
5. A golden lesson and precious motto of the Cotton
Planter.
6. A stage that must be passed in the adoption of
American cotton.
7. Moreover, it is not suitable to the conditions of the
present race of peasants.
8. The two advance hand in hand,
9. Therefore a trade and peasant government, occasionally,
treat the men who oppose its aims by the death
punishment.
10. It is not that I investigate the Science of law and
Philosophy of life.
11. What is the aspect of the emancipation ?
12. His duty is to control and direct the young lads in
their occupations.
13. During an epoch of scientific competition all trades must
be reconstructed.
14. It is necessary to use the scientific method to control it.
44 ^ X
16 }0.^m^h^mmt4^^j&-mxM:
19 mnmmmmxmm^
21 mxm-'^n^mmkm
23 ^pj^^-fim^r^fm
24 m^mm^^mm^m^
25 ^^.^^^K^n^jA
26 mx^m^^u^iih^
28 ^^^^.S^^-fi-W^;
29 fJirj^W^^M^ri^jA
30 ^f?['.^)M
31 ^^PpI^
32 ^^PJli^
33 XA^^Pn^i
34 ^%p.ii;^
35 fitfP]nJJ^tii?>Cftllfl«jlll^^^t^ifi
36 ^%i^<4m't^^mmAr>w;g'^isimm^
37 fit£— ilflt-^M$lifi<jA
LABOUR 45
15. Our greatest employer, Japan.
16. Originally this was one instrument which labour used
towards capitalism.
17. But the reasons for strikes must be adequate.
18. Then unanimity and support from every quarter can be
got.
19. Consequently the object of strikes will be attained.
20. On the other hand it will increase the output of goods.
21. To fine the foreman one dollar, is a way to make trouble.
22. Whether the reasons for his punishment are satisfactory
or not.
23. Punishment is a negative form of guidance.
24. Yet in view of the protection of public peace and order.
25. There are very many people zealous in the labour
propaganda.
26. All vociferate the myriad evils of capitalism.
27. The conditions of life and the aspects of work.
28. After investigations have been opened there will be
data.
29. We, who trumpet the labour question.
30. Educational problems.
31. The problems of hygiene.
32. The problems of industrial savings.
33. The problems of workmen's unions.
34. The problems of livelihood.
35. We can stir them up to organize a cooperative
production community.
36. I hope that zealous workmen will not talk too tall of
the theory of education.
37. I am half a workman myself.
46 ^ X
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55 ^m^-fi^ingi]
56 mnm^'ih4^ii\i?n^'imw
57 :T^i§it!l!^^]mn"pflg^ffl^6^^C^S
LABOUR 47
38. The meaning of the word "labour" embraces both
physical and mental ideas.
39. This kind of worker is placed under the great factory
organization.
40. Such workmen are a small minority in the whole body
of operatives in China.
41. They use the very utmost amount of energy.
42. The labour of women and children.
43. Nevertheless the women are also engaged in simple
handicrafts.
44. Women, because of the physiological bearing.
45. Those men who now investigate the problems of labour,
for the most part, concentrate on the workers in the
factories.
46. Ignorant that factory workmen are a part of labour.
47. On no account can this fraction include the whole body.
48. Is certainly what the capitalists privately hold.
49. Productive trades, of goods necessary to communal life.
50. Labour is gaining a con.sciousness.
51. They want to break up the capitalist class.
52. This piece of consciousness.
53. Nevertheless, it is not what I refer to as fundamental
consciousness.
54. Most truly his liberation from all the former unjust
methods of the capitalists has come.
55. The divisions of labour.
56. Because, if the capital is very small, the articles produced
will be also very simple.
57. Nevertheless the articles turned out were consistent
with the ideas of the user.
48 ^ X
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63 »^^M'^W])^^mm'^'^^^m'^^m
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75 ipg:TiIi5l5^^fi^JǤn;S
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77 -:£^M
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LABOUR 49
58. He then changed his method of organization,
59. His business has increased perceptibly,
60. Changed into a Limited Shareholding Company,
61. As the cold air ascends, and the hot air scatters, it will
then naturally flow everywhere.
62. It only needs to lessen the temperature of the mine, and
expel the noxious solids floating in the air.
63. To keep the air moving and circulating, the most
skillful way is to divide the shaft into spaces.
64. Still practically it is nil.
65. It is a warning to us.
66. Thus men's energy is lessened.
67. The proposition as to making a way for circulating the
air; yet there still is a distinction between natural
and artificial strength.
68. Half is appropriated as bonus; a token of the
labourers' effort,
69. Half is to go towards gratuities to the workmen of
each section,
70. The present ' foreman system ' has still to be eliminated.
71. We must protect the workmen's privileges.
72. We have also the duty of reforming the arts.
73. Your bona fide contributions to the workmen's unions
(scorn) ,
74. The fear is that the Tu Chuns, Provincial Governors
and the Bosses (politicians out of office) seek a
personal benefit.
75. Yet they have become such slavish parasites.
76. Workmen's hygiene; Workmen's insurance.
77. Are certainly being stirred up.
78. They have no initial driving power, nor any battle-cry.
50 '3^ .T
85 ^^w%mw,Mt '
87 ms^'Mii'^'^mt^m
J^o m^flS-^WM^:>'i?^
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:)7 iat»?^»i^i^#ATii^4^fiwm-
LABOUR 51
79. I'ormal resignation.
80. That fine yarn factory reels yarn slowly.
81. Those skilled instructors of his, who have been trained
in Chinese and Foreign weaving colleges.
82. All managers, inspectors, skilled instructors, foremen o{
works are the claws and teeth of capitalists.
83. Uniformly change into nondescript officials.
84. To reform the details of reeling and cleaning.
85. Daily bound to the machine.
86. The Student Apprentice College set up by the factory.
87. Has no proper demand been ad\anced ?
88. I have great regard for those who gladly sacrifice their
happiness.
89. Seeing railway men in high [jositions still have a bad
habit.
90. l^ecause he has no concrete plan.
91. Though there are sufficient reasons and very serviceable
plans.
92. To decide on the basis of natural rights or public law.
93. Hasn't the government constantly sought for letters of
advice?
94. Again it is, they are not able to make a general settle-
ment once for all.
95. -A motive for arousing all to discuss cjuestions of utility.
The world of letters has also become jaded from
this cause.
96. This theme embraces relationships that affect both the
world of learning, and the world of commerce.
97. A railway is a business for the transport of goods anrl
people.
52 ^ X
98 Jife1^>flii^
101 rf^mmi^^^^xA
102 5^^^i-j^^6^
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lis )rriiMy.-^m^!J'ri<j:tii
LABOUR 53
98. Its naUirc and practice.
99. Concerning its organization and its social relation.
100. Great silk factories must still be much more complex
and huge.
101. Amongst the first are the railway workers.
102. The economics of the [people are the first to be
decided.
103. .Some conservative journals vituperate the communists
as nomads.
104. They put forth the view that the results of long hours
of work are not equal to the energetic efforts put
forth in short hours.
105. To use a scientific method of control.
106. To use the positive method of stimulating the work-
men.
107. In order to advance the workmen's happiness and
increase the profits of the outlay.
108. And reform the treatment of the workers.
109. The physiological charts works of a certain publishing
house.
110. It is very mechanical.
111. A scholarly investigation should be conducted.
112. To make economies in time.
113. Wages can be decreased.
114. Waste of time in manufacturing.
115. To put into operation the shorter hours.
116. To adopt a scientific method of control.
117. There is a great distinction between the treatment
accorded to fellow townsmen and those who are
not.
118. W hat is called the fixed prices of the world's markets.
54 ^ X
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122 mA^^i>i'&^]&^f\^^±mMmn
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LABOl'R 55
119. The business tncti at the centre of industries.
120. IV'causc of the demand in another direction.
121. riic- mutual strength of the interaction between
su|)|)l\' and deiuand.
122. Are quite sufficient to corner the prices of goods in
the world's markets.
123. They have ah-ead}- attained by struggle these man}
blessings, the ci^ht hours, increased wages, and
workmen's training.
124. In {)apers and magazines there are, more or less,
articles ventilating every phase.
125. Has become almost a universal standard of society.
126. Recently the papers contained the news that America
will open an Industrial Exhibition.
127. Demand that our country should take the results of
the raw silk and send them for exhibits.
128. Because our discovery of sericulture was most early.
129. Quite enough for inspection and examination b)- ever)-
countr\'.
130. Our other industries haven't made much progress.
131. The preparation is well advanced.
132. Then there should be places that have schools on
modern methods of sericulture.
133. .Still they are only a section to take to ^America for
exhibition.
134. There is no great response.
135. There is well nigh no genuine teaching on the feeding
of the silkworm.
136. Neither do those above offer an}- encouragement, b\'
rewards.
137. To lead the people to adopt new methods for feeding
the silkworm and planting the mulijerry.
56 # X
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148 \k\i^mmi^m'^xAmm:
149 iMM^H^^MS^J
150 mmki^i^i^'m^m:
151 P^m^^)ii!j^-^fii:f@6<]|lfi
152 ^l^l^^j|i]i!i;g:^;Sim^[}in^J
153 m^ niP.mmm-^iii mm
154 mmmr]^^±<\^}mm
155 fi^i;ii,iiiijiiirKi^jm5
156 jaMiigfa^&'iB^i^ift:^^
157 m'^^h)jmxA
158 it^fitiiri^ji'jMi^^^iJii^ri^j @ w-i^iimmm
159 ^|;ilfi<j|J^:/j,;'ifAlfi<jp"p,|^ffi>jifi<j^^
LABOUR 57
138. I'^rom which it may be seen that those who do not
support communism are not called the people.
139. It is necessary' first to extend rural education.
140. They do not feel the need of visitin-^ and inspecting
the varieties of the productions of different
places.
141. To examine expertly what articles each place needs.
142. A problem of the leaders of labour.
143. Recently the labour propaganda has called loudly.
144. There are people constantly advocating the organiza-
tion of a union from labour itself.
145. The p.ersonal question is somewhat easily decided.
146. Therefore the i)roblem of workmen's organization.
147. Therefore there is a lack of organizing power.
148. Because of this, there is no complete workmen's union.
149. This condition is very general.
150. Leaders carry the responsibility of leadership.
151. Because the activity of the multitude is a kind of blind
rush.
152. Li an institution of equality there is no need of
leaders.
153. That is a true regime of democracy.
154. To lead them in the hope for knowledge.
155. Able to stir their self-consciousness.
156. Such leaders want to be rid of capitalists.
157. Then it will be easy to benefit the workmen.
158. By putting his extravagant ideas into action it will not
be easy to realize the workmen's propaganda.
159. Executive ability: high character: zeal in action.
160. The energy for responsibility and service.
58 ^ X
161 tlW^W'O
162 MW^Bam^^MU±J
163 M^x Amt/mmMfau^wMiM
164 $^,-m^'^iiimj^'y^
166 ^^m.^%-^mim^:Jj
167 j^i^^igia#fi^^
168 tEia-i^6^jlI^^fl^llli'p'plim^i^lXA-AJriH<Ji3#^liI
169 mmxmmn
171 ':^m'mMMMyfmiM
173 mm{i^m^\:m^m inn^mm^m
176 ^Mm(\''}i/Amih
111 im'^/^xufkm, wt^-\^<^^m'if\wmm%^
LAHOIR 59
161. L'nciiltiu-cd selfishness.
162. I'hen the affairs of the societ)' will- go full steam ahead.
163. But with regard to the workmen's attitude to the
leaders there are three conditions to be observed.
1()4. The first is there must be the spirit of responsibilit)".
K)."). The second thing is the\' should be like-minded in
protecting interests.
16(). 1 he third thing is they must have abilit)' of super-
intendence.
167. The factor}' advocated the accumulation of reserves.
168. To make an examination of, and record separately, the
six headings of the factory's organization,
arrangement, production, method of distribution,
machinery, employees.
169. The responsibilit}' of pa}'ing wages.
170. Jiccause the machinery installed in successive years,
in every department of the machine rooms.
171. Xo attention is paid to the methods of the circulation
of air.
172. Com[)ared with the ])roduction when the business
started, it is as one to eight.
173. According to his explanation of distribution profit, cai>
be made on fore ion trade.
o
174. U also adds lustre to our industrial world.
175. L'nder the circumstance, there will be no need an\-
more to be under foreigners, or bear that
indignity, or have [prices under their control.
176. Many of these are negative methods of amusements.
177. U'hat emancipation of labour. They well supph' us
with data for investigation.
\
60 ^ X
J78 ^xmmMimt\''}
179 ^mm^
181 -^W^m^mijih
182 S3itE.iIfflii^^l^
183 mw-n'M^i,^, mmmw_
184 m^EXt X^fJ^jMtglj^W
185 m'Mmm^M^nM^^mmifiM^^m^mmm
186 ^^^^MlflJ
187 afP']ii7Pg"F-^¥^^^^lnt#6^j^l^^i^
188 m^jAU'-iSm
189 ^^I^^ITr^Jli
190 mmmmmmz^
191 i§iMff6<J.^^^fAHhii4
192 rit^:^£^A^-;^^
193 mwm^r^y^'^^'^±
194 t^6^^J^
195 mmcm^ii^im^
198 ^^a\\imrMMm-m
LABOUR 6 1
178. Published by the trade's friendly society.
179. A servile instinct.
180. It will not be in a negative resistance of the capitalists,
but the constructive reform of self.
181. One is the examination of the method of hygiene.
182. Even up to the bankruptcy of this organization.
183. Able to obtain an equalizing value for the goods put
forth.
184. The cry of labour associations and unions agitate the
whole world at present.
185. Can there be any humanity still left in such a system
of apprenticeship, which is thus slavish and servile.
186. Desiring to overthrow the old regime completely.
187. We have passed four thousand and more years in this
servile life of tradition.
188. Has filled our ears.
189. For the most part subject to what economics govern.
190. Wholly in the grasp of Satan's obstructive hands,
191. Vet this kind of new life in China is so far in the earl>'
stages.
]9'2. Soap is a great article of daily use.
193. The liquid capital need not necessarily be great.
194. The capacity of export.
195. Thinking to improve their own circumstances.
196. Though they now say that a Chinese workmen's union
has been formed.
197. Labour speakers make themselves the lap-dogs of the
capitalists.
198. They carry the rod of freedom in their hands as
though they were officials.
62 ^ X^
200 m.um^mmmmmmi-ram~^
202 ^u^^Xk^^mmxm^wm '
203 M^m^^¥^i^'-i^^, muw^m^mm
204 <mMmm
205 ^^J£A^&^^
206 $esfis^3feJi*nia-^l^6^ri^
207 -^mii^m^i^MMmM^'^Km'pmwmm
209 ^mpr^^m±M^t^m±if'i^mmi
211 ifi^^R^iiim'
212 mrm^!^.:im^
215 ^ttlUi^:^||vfm^-^ln)
LABOUR 63
199. It' \ve enler 1,hi? ofticial labour association.
200. The present cry of the trade apprentices for emancipa-
tion gets louder jcvcry day,
"201. Let them know the direction of the ])rc5ent trend of
opinion.
"202. It is the natural duty of the agriculture society to
further new methods in agriculture.
"203. "rhe natural duty of students in the sericulture
schools is to expand especially the business of
sericulture.
"204. The profits of the jiromoters.
205. Amply sufficient for the needs of humanity.
206. The sphere is circumscribed ; and further there is the
added error of will.
207. Can directly increase the power of production and
lessen the time.
208. The superintendent can increase the abilities of the
overseers.
209. Besides he can inspire every manner of mobility
whether practical or spiritual.
210. The eye must be on production to see whether an
unceasing flow can be supplied.
211. Direct industries of service.
212. Their productivity is most multifarious.
213. Every kind of raw material during the very earliest
'period of economic life.
214. I-'rom the time when humankind made daily progress
in their talents, and advanced in the stages of
industrial life ; afterwards came the occupations of
pasturage, and forestry, and so on.
215. Either in the course of manufacture or distribution.
64 m -T
216 n^^nm^'(^
217 ig^itS^ft^^l^Sili
2J8 ^IM^RI^W^M5#S^#J
219 mA^.^^^mmm^
221 atmir^^m^, ^ftHi't-ft^iM^
222 ^mw^M^^'^mf?. .
223 ^tJMf[MM4^, *+nS^^
224 ^§S#IM^-^7U>^[ts]^§l^)3ff^fi^j
225 5»&=^^^|n«^titiL^^^A^J^
226 A^r^m^mM^M'^-^^wm
227 it^ggPti^
228 ^.^AtV-m-M^$}j:^i}kM1]\^mUh
229 j§^@tl)rWfi([ami^%i^^i^.-t: ■{/!#-
230 ilg%X§M^fU«Mi^fi<]^(t:
232 ;AcprJ|Ain£-^(tiCiiftii^;^l'i^J^#7
LABOUR 65
216. To act with mobility in the exchange of goods.
217. The instructor is to be employed to augment the skill
(of the workmen) .
218. An Express Transport Company acts for a railway in
collecting and receiving sundry goods,
219. The people heretofore have lacked common sense in
business.
220. In addition to the traditional laziness.
221. Besides this, the illicit traffic in contraband is the
thing he can best do.
222. The origin of business and the merchant classes.
223. Productive goods of value are exchanged.
224. The mercantile class has spread over the whole
productive world this leadership and organizing
spirit.
225. Marx also says exchange and trade are things that
appeared in a later age.
226. People cannot do without a certain exceptional push
in barterage.
227. Like the stone implement age.
228. In the beginning, the method of production and
exchange still bore the likeness to the sharp tools
of war, i. e., autocratic.
229. Here then gradually germinate views of prices, value,
efficiency (use).
230. There follows the divisions into the industrial tribes,
and the mercantile tribes,
231. From this simple form of exchange we find this
exuberant inventive production and international
exchange,
232. It is quite clear then that man is a great progressive
animal.
66 ^ X
233 mxmi^m^xA^mn^n^m'Si^mmmmn
234 ^il^^{.^mm^^m'^^^^m^mm
235 ^^^ISga^ge^-iSAaM^gS
237 5^^, f^>jnj|^^, j«, wwrn^^M^
238 g^^^^iclF^^illi^, :T>^^>f3^^f©
239 ^m^imm^mjm
240 tl-^^ffeMfc«6^5>^
241 IR-i$:tfij6^t^Mli
242 JdifP^^Hf^^'^^XRHi^tWiMA;^
243 M^T^t^XA^-^fji
244 3^Mfjl^m^J<
245 J?(l£Il#;t^tAm
246 :^^|^Ji«i*fi«^M^liht±
247 -^limm-^x^j^
248 W^f!l|;^^^-iL9iLfKiri^j.if^
LABOUR 67
233. Strikes are stages which the workmen must pass
through in their march from darkness to light.
234. -And are also things organized communities have as
they pass from a stage of unreason to reason.
235. First one should remember that one's self is a man and
should reform oneself.
236. Negatively every root of old habits, old practices, such
as snobbishness, evil ways of capitalists, gambling
and such like should be eliminated.
237. Positively a forward advance such as the search
for knowledge, the stimulation of activity,
cooperating organization and so on (must be
made).
238. Self-determination is an operation we labourites can't
do without.
239. Entirely depends on the self-determination and mutual
help of each person.
240. With regard to the aggression of the uncultured.
241. Let one conclusive movement for organization be taken
in hand.
242. They uniformly only know the high handed manner of
treating workmen.
o
243. They will never permit the workmen to have the
rights of speech.
244. His output does not meet the demand.
245. The point of emphasis of the working time.
246. Nor docs it come from visits of inspection. It comes
as an offering to society.
247. Also organized a workman's society for self-govern-
ment.
248. It cannot be counted a concrete proposition.
68 m X
249 ^XMU^A^Ji^
250 n^^-mmmixxmrnnrntrnhV^-i
251 '^^xnM±^^m)WM
252 m^nnxKri^^j^-wt^m^m^ii
253 ^^mxA^wkmi^i^mm^
254 aj^^-liilTHj
255 ^%n\mMm>m^Amm'im
256 fMM^^/^T^^^lpJjbaTOjiT^
257 *^m^^nl|^mf?:^
258 ^m'i!&.m^-m^^m
259 ^j^fg@jg:^-?j:.i;g^f
260 m^\^nmw.m^mm
261. i§;i:<;^^;HMiS^2^'lt#>fnifW¥;Trt^a
262 l^^^^fZ^^^i^liiftlifJ^lilfllijftlifF'l^^TfilT
263 ^m'ii u^-^m^mK^-
264 ^l^my4:Stli^:^^n^{iliAf^iu:
265 mfmMimm
266 ^>l^f|§#fi^j[!I]JM
LABOUR 69
249. The essential in the organization of a working man's
society.
250. You are a sacrosanct workman, how high is character.
251. Labourites are cardinal factors of the community.
252. It is so because workmen lack the power of a self-
governing combination. It doesn't hinder the
selection of some phase of experience for carrying
out the idea of gradual advance.
253. I fail to see that there is anything in the women's
labour world to make women dress well.
254. To come and undertake the issue of a weekly.
255. We shall gladl>; welcome zealous and like-minded
criticism and guidance.
256. We need only have a determined energy to go and
march towards the road of light,
257. To be sure to embrace both the negative and positive
conditions.
258. The movement then must begin from the negative
side.
259. And then the constructive method of action can be used.
260. Count it the private property of the two bodies.
26L But it can never be, because it is the joint organization
of the Friendly Society and the New Young Men's
Society.
262. In a word it is private property, inasmuch as it is
their publications and their distribution.
263. No obstruction has appeared to our advance.
264. All pay attention to hygiene, giving us the greatest
satisfaction.
265. The internal organization of the pleasure-ground.
266. The question of Labour .Savings.
70 ^ X
267 \^^W]'im'Mif
268 mmti^^mmmmMtm'm~±'^'mrmm)^mw9ii
269 mmmmmm
270 mMmt±m^m^ji'-}mMij'iii
27J i^mmmmwt^^^^f^xm^mmi
272 ^m^^f fi^2^
273 wif^^mj^mM-i^m
274 ii^.iiij}$^||-^-fiMfii:^-6<jlli^
275 ;j^i^.^ipt^l^Jia^^-^li^|gi^-5
276 ^7iaiim^^6<jfmM
277 nmf'j^w.
278 ij^fe^n^7a^<J
279 «MJl^ri^j^
280 rjl:^:?^^-f^Airri^l^
281 )rr«^_^ri<j
282 i0:^Mtt-ti>fii5l^^+nfi?
283 ^AiUMmm^r^ '
284 ■&:M-^^b®ri<j[siiR>fri44fraf^f+
285 '^w^mmMmm
286 l^f^^fgMf^^^JfMt'T
287 i&^XAfi^]«S
288 mmm^j^^mmmm^i
LABOUR 71
267. To grasp at the administration of the Labour party.
268. The constructive is to store up capital with the view of
an independent concern in the future. The
negative is to prepare against loss of business.
269. This kind of wanton extravagance.
270. Cooperative societies are the best ways for savin cr
money.
27L The labour union has no need to set up separate
organs of savings.
272. The Labour people have the capacity of saving.
273. The matter of the employment of overseers in shops.
274. This has a direct concern to the future of the
business.
275. The Y. M. C. A. of this part practically has this
intermediary bureau.
276. Having this very reliable intermediary organ.
277. I vvill find it for you.
278. Look for a person of suitable ability.
279. All officers qualified for the work.
280. Naturally a class of people will take the lead.
281. That which was heartily supported.
282. But idea and practice were often at variance.
283. How can a livelihood be maintained ?
284. There are only two conditions for solving the foregoino-
difficulties.
285. A problem of the hardships of physical life.
286. It is still more difficult to say anything on the spiritual
life.
287. To advance the happiness of the working men.
288. Who even robbed us of our working rights.
72 '^ X
289 -EM^^mAMm-rn'mm
290 ^^mn^'m^mn^^
291 mm^%^m^^±A-m\>m^%m
292 ^IJlsJia^^^^^I^^)i^fi«^
293 ^-^mrj^AM'^^^m
294 ^^M^6^[^a
295 m^^^^m'^)'m^
296 ^^MW^MJi
297 3fea^S-^e^^m^*^frf#lAfi^jSM:>Inl^.Ait6lj^
298 ^^m'^Kt\\mm^^^%m'M''^Wi^^}:Mn
299 5l^^^^?hMft^'j^^^^±
300 wtn^xm^
301 ^llli^^il^Sf^M
302 ^t^#^I5^r]^J*aK'J
303 %n^u^^M
304 i^^M»-Ht^-^^0iI^[lS^*:^^
305 ii_^^;£«^Kiit/£iPi'7-h^^'b
306 ig W«M
307 ftljkff^ffifH^Jit^*fi-J[U5
308 -^B\kWvikWm'i%f\^^i>^^^\^^^^^
LABOUR 73
289. This will still increase the number of unemployed.
290. Embrace the physical and spiritual life.
291. The range of the propaganda has been unavoidably
small, hence the special announcement.
292. The workmen have already put forth an unparalleled
struggle.
293. To attain the happiness due to them as living beings.
294. The propertied and non-propertied classes.
295. Suffice for present and future demands.
296. This is absolute truth.
297. Further must positively quash the capitalists' rude
treatment of the workmen, as well as their
inhumanity.
298. Educated people such as lawyers must come out and
defend, in the law courts, their contracts.
299. These monies are all spent on the necessities of the
contracts.
300. They are termed Reserve Funds.
301. Organize a band of dispensary assistants and free nurses,
302. Afterwards discuss the regulations of the League.
303. Controversies are the flowers of freedom.
304. According to the real rights of the case to state the
matter with an objective vision.
305. Bakeries, butchers, cafes, and general stores compose
seven tenths.
306. To build machine with motor driving power.
307. Give in exchange the satisfaction of articles that have
been made by the sweat of the brow.
308. Can, according to the statute, consider the sum to be
placed to the reserve fund, as well as, the sum to
be disbursed.
> y
/
74 #1
310 i^^^^g^
31.1 ii,amM^
312 im^m^^yf^-}m±f^m%'^]
313 ^m^^^M
314 i^'^mnM^m^mij'^'iBjmA^M.m
317 XOTflfiXg^^
318 t^iH:^£iMl^Ji^^
319 itlirJ^-il§5lil[{5li-^^XAfl")re
^320 mv\^mxm(i'^\k\i^
321 ;^ffl.XAfi^jJ][^;'J^iiil!l;/j i:^ti-f&A<j
322 nn^m, ^'^imxmm^M
323 0:?mfi^jmi'i^j^!^, ^ii^^ri^jjcm^ii
324 ^mmnmi^i
LABOUR 7S
309. According to the decision of the shareholders as to the
portion to be put to general reserve, the remainder
of the profits will then be divided between share-
holders, promoters, and the firms' clerks.
310. Legal reserve fund.
31L Arbitrar}- (or free) reserve funds.
312. Arbitrary, or free, reserve does not come under the
scope of the statute of limitations.
313. The bonuses of promoters of enterprises.
314. As a rule where there is the knowledge of skilled craft
then only can the true aim of life be determined.
315. Yet what is got must be under a small fraction of the
percentage.
316. The advantages derived from definite legal limitations
are that (things) must pass the shareholders
meeting, and the directors, or be decided at a
general meeting of the Board.
317. The Trades Unions and Labour Part)* have allied.
318. From this the labour world of China and America
joined hands.
319. They fixed a time which the workman must follow in
his work.
320. Formerly the skill of every industry,
321. Consisted in the use of the workman's brains and
physical strength to do it directly.
322. I went to Russia as a representative of the British
labour part}'.
323. Because his object was the hope of getting into touch
with the labour parties of all countries.
324. Ever}- place hung out flags to welcome him.
^ ^
1 ^^^^6^^H^'l^^^-^^"-f@n^^J^i^g
10 *r-[ia«|^niiigi^*tK';
12 m^u^-mnmm^m
14 ^m^m^tmktf^
15 ^^^:^qt>f>a^'.^IJc)iSPpm;t_b
VI— PHILOSOPHY
1. Nothing can finally withstand the power of philosophic
scrutiny.
2. Let them be brought to the test of reason and fact.
O
3. It is certain that philosophy will not venture to regard
lightly the phenomena of religion and culture.
4. Within the last ten years the violence of the thrusts has
been felt.
5. That is, it is necessary to understand the ultimate law
of the universe.
6. At the same time the fruits of science and religion
must not be neglected.
7. This naturally will lead us to consider the question of
the relations of philosophy and science.
8. The sphere of the common people is very narrow.
9. They are most willing to sacrifice themselves and think
others do so too.
10. As though the true fountain of experience and knowl-
edge.
11. We can show the contribution of mathematics.
12. Truly it is a fabric of truth.
13. Such a truth is wholly (a matter of) independent
experience and not easily controverted.
14. Let it be added to the realm of cognition.
15. Giving philosophy a place which cannot but be above
the religious problem.
78 ^ ^
7
23 i0ilfi^^»^jm<
24 f^.t^mi^,^A<jm^Jiai'kyt^^ijrf^'i5j||fi^^[
25 ^^^i§+4:+Aiy:^CSMI»l/^!)g:^^B^I;^-h:9^ii^7
26 '-':}m'^BiliZmm'
27 ^fflitm^^^ll^
28 tiiI^liL>fT^^|l'It
:31 iR{iliii^r^^^il^?i;-,1:«itli
32 ^i^^r^U^ISSJfi^j^
33 mifMni^M'mik
34 SiSf^r/icilfflJiii^rj^^f'Evl^.^fi^
PHILOSOPHY 79
16. To suppose it to be an independent de[)artment.
17. Many psychologists recognise that man's nature was
not subject to a selective (process).
18. Desiring to exhibit a pure philosophical interpretation
of creation,
19. The attitude of Christianity towards philosophic
enquiry.
20. Giving generous results and protection of the faith.
21. Afterwards he finally exploited it to create his tenets.
"22. In the middle ages, the ancient [jJiilosophy had already
resolved the dogmas of Christianity in the tests
of philosophy.
23. Vet this unnatural phenomenon.
24. Apart from the adoption of an august revelation it
could in no wise be proved.
25. When philosophy was undergoing the phases of the
i/th and i8th centuries, the natural sciences had
already made brilliant advances.
26. In one respect the value of experiment can be deter-
mined.
27. The result of contingent heredity.
28. Mr. Pao has also concrete matters.
29. His ability and actual work are in direct proportion.
30. Suitable conditions, and the general accordant response
are at mutual variance,
31. If it be supposed that there is no natural selection to
adjust it.
32. There" are some exceptionally important organs.
33. Because they have been little applied.
34. Because it eliminates every evil fruit of contingent
heredity.
80 n ^
36 ^^u^mm\^Mm^mu^^m%mM
37 mn^m-^m% '^<^i^mm
39 Amm'ij', M\n-m^m^mmmmv
40 ^m'm'^^i^M^Mm
43 mMnmmmmmmMmijmm-^m
45 mmmtfvMmi'^m^mmzm
48 mm^Mi^mmm
50 ^^^mx^m
51 ^-rr-i^m^to^ii^^^^iitiis;
PHILOSOPHY 8i
35. The evil of contingent heredity is like the evil of a
wrong action.
36. There are some parts which are wrongly and excessively
used, and some parts are not put to use and
given up.
37. Because the physical matter, or the nature of the body,
is not evenly adjusted in the growth.
38. So that it comes that there is some degeneration or
impairment in every organ.
39. Human hearts are much like some mechanical sensitive
electric plate.
40. Most likely the brain constantly receives passing
impressions.
41. Enough to beget nervous deterioration and bodily
paralysis and such like.
42. And sufficient to injure men's natural vigour and
energy.
43. Amongst which are wine and coffee ; these are things
that specially waste brain power.
44. Moreover evolutionists rely on natural selection.
45. Enough for using the law of progress for investigating
the source of variation.
46. The process of creating new power, or a new special
instinct.
47. Hence the reason that men can learn and practise is
because they have already the capacity to do so.
48. This kind of ability is accumulative (positive).
49. We are creatures of reason.
50. Laotzii's philosophy of life.
51. There are many philosophers and psychologists also
who so speak.
82 ^ ^
m
54 ^^^mm%'L>mm^^}sM
55 Am^^^timmmMt^m
56 m£mil^'^M^M^^^
57 «fII^A^^t
58 fmm\mm^mmmi_
62 n^mm-mAmn^m£m'^mm-mm:ii:^fm^M'f
63 ^iiMfflfJi1fgfi^J'?J^i^m^J«^^it^^^nit
64 m^1i^\U%'M
65 ^a:g:±^^^6^^r.ij
66 W3tf^Blfi^J>}lffi^ii^«>m-l@il^
67 -iIS^Pfl>6^i<im-^n^fj^j|rrB?^
PHILOSOPHY 83
52. Comparative psychology, abnormal psychology, animal
psychology as well as mental analysis of obser-
vation and experience.
53. Whether they are materialists, or idealists, or ordinary
people, all have something in common.
54. Let us now first discuss the flow of ideas of the mental
world of the present age.
55. People say that the special place of the mind lies in
cognition.
56. We have not yet discussed the newest learning.
57. The progress of the world and of life.
58. . There are two points of view on this question.
59. One is the physical, one is the philosophical.
60. Nevertheless the philosophical aspect alone can embrace
personal experience.
61. I am not able to know directly. I can only know
indirectly from the expression of another's act.
62. I would determine the independent existence of
an individual, just in the same way as, I would
determine the independent existence of a table.
63. It is essential in every case to use the indirect method
of determining. Knowledge is not by the direct
inference.
64. Altogether there are three guiding factors.
65. This is the difference between subject and object.
66. There are times when consciousness need not be
spoken of separately as subject.
67. One is the spiritual or ideal school, and the fresh
explanation of the realists.
84 ^ ^
69 mmmmiW}A^^^mmmm>{L^^^
74 mmmm^'^^^\mm
75 lj3t««6^Wt^M5
76 iH^HM^^f^ft^um:^
79 min^^W^^.^^^^M
80 ei^fi&;^§«6^tl^
82 :T;v±s^^fi^]#)giJig;^j
83 ^Wfi^jai^«±#&tlrW'I^
PHILOSOPHY 85
68. To-day I want to speak on the place of science in the
education of the present times.
69. The men of highest thought have opinions of reverence
and truth.
70. If it be said that science is all physical force and
physical theory,
71. The power of locomotion in the natural world assuredly
rests in the line of matter.
72. Yet we also know that matter is used not in a construc-
tive way, but rather in destructive things, such as
guns and cannon.
73. Besides knowledge, there are other things, which are
also the things of the mind.
74. Doctrine and knowledge must have a relative object
(a correspondence).
75. To discuss psychology from the experimental view-
point,
76. Consequently there is a point of difference from the
phenomena of mechanics.
77. None are specialists in psychology.
78. Thus there are many contradictions between compara-
tive metaphysics and psychical analysis.
79. For example a Public Museum or Public Gardens.
80. He desires to have the style of a great artist.
81. There are many productions,
82. Not to pay attention to the development of the child's
building skill.
83. The object of education is to cultivate the mechanical
turn of mind.
86 ^ ^
85 mmr^i^^^^^mmmm>'^^, j}i.-mmMm^M
86 nrnMrnm^^^mAm
87 igiS.^mym'M
88 mmik^'M^fimn
90 ^^^^J2^^4^mw^m^
91 ^]c6^j^^»lE;^4»:46<]-7nl^
92 ^'^^mM^^mnr-tm^^^^>mm^'ijP^^\&^±m
95 ^^.mii--k:?]s^##^
97 f?mW)R#R|S^^*
98 A^Mm^^tm
99 #^±6^jfi:t^
100 ^WJi6^Jl:t^
101 IM±A<jf
102 ^a^Al^tH
,Kfil
PHILOSOPHY 87
84. Philosophy should be regarded as the queen of the
sciences.
85. Science is nothing else than the inductive use of every
experience towards the formation of a system of
economy.
86. We should eliminate the subjective clause.
87. And approach the objective reality.
88. It is necessary to follow actual (and consecutive)
order.
89. We should take every scrap of experience and work it
into a complete system.
90. Matter is made up of a combination of many zo-
ophytes and animalcule.
91. My philosophy is really a neutral monism.
92. The ultimate elements of the universe can neither be
said to be matter nor can it be- said they are spirit.
It is enough that they are facts in the world.
93. Emotional philosophy, generally speaking, is a probing
of profound principles.
94. The examination of mental philosophy arises from a
perfect experimental method.
95. He has created much psychical science.
96. Its relation to philosophy has changed into a most
intimate one. It is also of great advantage to
those who are not experts in philosophy.
97. To apprehend the spiritual economy of that age.
98. Personal consciousness,
99. Treatment consciousness.
100. Educational consciousness.
101. Consciousness of solidarity.
102. What is meant by equality.
103 MMm^m^i^^^wim^^M
104 mwm, "^mm-m't^m'^^^i^
105 m^mmMr-tm^'ij'mm.fk
106 in^mmmmmm^-i^m* MMW^amx^-i'^r'^
107 mmmti^M^, ^mMii^m^±m'^^mi>x'f^m¥m±^
108 ig^.66^#^
109 ig.i:>t^.^.itB, mm^^^
no ii>i:^6^j^^£, ^K^#6^j#a!
Ill ii:>##/H^^;g:*tt, iiflJ^MJ^
112 m^z^^i^m^mMm, inj^^^^^. :^^nm-
1J3 ^tgf^M^A^-.l^Ji6^J^^
114 i2#rmr. il^#:^12'i&M^^i^j*ig
115 @»^.^ii^:^#6<jz:®'l4
116 mmni&'r, X4i^=f'^^
117 >i:^fi^jiE^;g:^D*i^nr^:,^,, mmu.^^)Emmi^±
118 il^;i:-|«^D<Ji|^-, ^MJIS'l^fi^j^a
PHILOSOPHY 89
103. The free movement of the nerve cells of the brain is
thought.
104. His theory puts an end to every contention between
mind and matter,
105. Nevertheless he is ultimately not able to explain the
phenomenon of the mind.
106. The activities of the nerve cells is one thing, and the
liveliness of the intelligence is another thing.
107. Students of the Pure Reason school not being satisfied
with the philosophy of Hobbes, have therefore
created the separate theory of Pure Reason.
108. To postulate the existence of the mind.
109. Because the mind is capable of thought therefore it
exists.
110. Again from the existence of the mind the existence of
God can be inferred.
111. Mind, Spirit, Matter are three realities of equal
standing.
112. Yet the fact is Mind, Spirit and Matter have their
independent existences, and are not one whole.
113. These are not able to satisfy our demands for an
integral principle.
114. Pantheism postulates that God is the source of the
Universe.
115. Thought and extension are the two attributes of the
divine.
116. Under each attribute, besides, there are many modes.
117. The mode of the mind is intelligence and will. The
mode of matter is movement and rest.
118. It is merely a pure abstraction; in no sense has it the
reality of personalism.
90 n
120 ^mmfi^mtm'WM
121 mm^r^tmmwaiim^m
122 M^^a#6^B6^
123 ^Jt^^igji, ■5rjaii;f3M;t±#
124 ^I^M
125 mmm
126 ^10 ±i
127 ^-Ui^m^, ^:
[6^jfe^i
128 Ms^^E'^, -liL^^B^SEItli
129 Jtk^^^-MA^fSf*
130 M^6^1%M:^^^il^irrl:#Ji6^J@M
131 mm^mm^mm
132 mAA^f^H, J:l:^ATF5i6^]^;^Jic^7
133 mfm^^M^r^^m^
134 u^^mmm
135 'ltf^-!^^>JcJ^iffi¥ffl^^fKfi^ji?i^
136 itMmi5;g:llc^^<;j4X
137 i<j>ii>f;pr#:iTjmi-^ft^j|ii^, mmnmmmi)i^\^mm
138 to^^S^S.*J;g:--ii^n3cJijiIlmillii3tfi©i'.;^'gtt#
139 ^M^^^^^-^iW-^Am
PHILOSOPHY 91^
119. Psychology has an unusually powerful place in
literature.
120. I acknowledge that these have a complex nature.
121. Nevertheless I dare not say there are absolutely no
errors.
122. History has its own objective.
123. The principles of biology may be applied to human
society.
124. Empiricists.
125. Rationalists.
126. Empirical theory.
127. Truly his smile contains a shade of hidden danger.
128. No alarm can disturb him.
129. He can be counted as an idealist, living Buddha.
130. The historical, materialistic view explains social changes.
131. He thoroughly believes this doctrine.
132. The Russian propaganda is much more powerful than.
the German shells.
133. He does not assent to the view of liberty.
134. A celebrated author.
135. The fruits of emotion lie in the use of the activities.
of habit.
136. Such activity is under the sway of knowledge.
137. Restraint should not be simply confined to negative
discipline, but should have some other positive
substitute for urging the pupil on.
138. It isn't that he opposes the idea that thought has a
kind of sensory ability and function, but that he
does deny its real existence.
139. Thought is in no sense an original datum.
92 ®
140 ^m^^f^^^mM^
u\ ^m^WMmm^ii-ti^^mm'^m^^-mrr-nm
142 Pi.6s^ffi^^^_b'^^^l
143 —m^^mmj^
144 -m^mmmm^
145 m-mm{K^, ^-i-Am^^mm^HM
146 '^-mmx'M, ^-^-jiw^tmMmm^m
147 ii®#Mi^, ^M:^^m^^lF;^m
148 »fflg*, l^fn, H^^^Ai^4#'14,
149 '^^AMmm^A^J}fj^'Mm
150 ^A^S*?iAitf-T-^-^Af^^;¥
151 nmmm^it^^m, j0M±-mmM:mm^^~mm^
152 :(^mm\^^Mm'^w. r^nx^i^^^M
153 mws\^^^M^^
154 ff'^ilJc/f'f^uitbJgM^. R^'5^lWjtg;/jr3lW^B5^6^J.m^J.
155 mtMunmn, r-u^j&nm^
156 W/rii-TCi^, :^^£-mt^fi^EJiiil:^±R^^-^a®
PHILOSOPHY 93
140. Knowledge is an accretion of pure experience.
141. The organization of Chinese prose and grammatical
laws are wholly dissimilar to the foreign syntax.
142. There are several kinds of spiritualistic theories,
contained in historical philosophy.
143. One school is the subjective idealism.
144. One school is the absolute idealism.
145. The former school is represented by Berkley in the
18th Century.
146. The latter school is represented by Haeckel in the 19th
Century.
147. Such mysticism is frequently contained in Eastern
philosophy.
148. Practicality, liberty, conciliation are the three charac-
teristics of British people.
149. The French value ideas: the Englishjare strong in
the practical.
150. The English love liberty: the French are fond of
equality : and the Germans esteem order.
151. I see that in social reconstruction his principles, in
every respect, revert to liberty.
152. The Bolshevic party has almost the nature of religion
in its refusal of personal liberty of thought.
153. In nothing is there a tendency to extremes.
154. The Chinese government being thus prostrate, there
remains only destructive forces, and no construc-
tive ideas.
155. However they are formulated, they cannot be formed
into an experience.
156. What I call monism does not mean absolutely that
there is something above the world.
157 ^^mr.%Wi, F/riiiHr^M^-^mii^M
158 ^^mm^-mmm. minm^
160 m^<i^^M
161 mMii^^±^mm^^
162 mm^Kxm^
165 %f\^>^^m-^^^w^^m.
166 ^HtffiilM^lTrifjft^jm, I^MW^i^, ^fiS^RI^^
168 mm^mi> ^^mmn
169 ¥trl:mi^^iSr^^l^m#iS^^toai|J5iJ
170 #«£lke2_b^<ligSiig, Mtf¥W_h>i^
171 it!ifF'])rrfifF^6^J;^ISM#^^iL3^Ji#^i!i-M6^^#^
172 ]Mn'Hm^Mm'iKmm.^M'
173 ^M^y^0M#IS:^?i
174 f[iife£^>jflpr,vm#6<ji-ift
175 j^ni^^m^m^^mm^m.
PHILOSOPHY 95
157. I oppose what dualism says, that the world only
contains the two things of mind and matter.
158. Further there is still another theory advanced, that of
conduct.
159. In mental things there are many subjects, which can't
be examined by the scientific method.
160. Optimistic thoughts.
161. Marx advocated class war,
162. The crystallization of the miners into a body. (Im-
plies the combination of the best).
163. The restriction imposed on a State by public opinion,
or law, is not a true restriction.
164. Because this public opinion is that which forms the
thought and will of the State.
165. Some of their acts are settled by majority.
166. There are times when it is difficult to distinguish
some of the ideals of thinkers from realism.
167. With regard to idealism it is needful to regard it in its
entirety.
168. He demonstrates that responsibility lies in this unit.
169. Usually it is felt that the content of desire is not very
different from the content of a belief.
170. Though it can't but be recognized theoretically, yet
looked at from a practical point.
171. What they investigate relates to disorder of nerves,
and such mental troubles as seeing ghosts.
172. Because there are irrational desires within the mind.
173. The method of healing mental disease by faith healers
(or Christian science) .
174. If they don't employ the usual phraseology of faith.
175. To explain desire by using the language of the school
of conduct.
96 ^ ^
176 '^x^^^^mnnj&^m
178 ^m^^n^mmm, itm^. mmt-'m
179 ^mm^^^^^mmm^m^m
180 '^^^Mj^^^iE^mjt
181 ^^Aiycwmmm^m^±mm.T
183 .j^.lS^Uf
184 ^^^m^jS»^^^WM4'l3^a^e^Mmft^j#;^
185 :l.li^-6^m£4.«lS'MlJ
186 4^^S^j;^JtSdfji|%ig#ilfl, f^^ie^^®^-li
187 :^wmmmMiimmm^
188 'nnwrnm, m^m'^m-^^MM^RMm
189 ficfiiS^^^, ^t^iiffl^Aiifjgei'i^ms^
190 ir-Pffii'«^W'i51:ii4^.!;, u^^il^^nit^fMi;'
191 -m^mmmm
192 -li;i:^^^ri<jai:fflij
193 ll:^^#;^iflr]<j, pJr^mf^M'ij'mmJi, ^i^^"^
194 0rJ^^ng^7f^ri<j'lit^^ T>IAJ'lN'J;i:rr^i^J
PHILOSOPHY 97
176. Desire is the general law governing our conduct.
177. We should take ourselves as the objective thing.
178. Just the same as we look on the movement of the
stars, or as the changes in chemical elements.
179. It is not possible to receive the impression that there
is an ethical view in the animal kingdom.
180. It is most easy to hold a neutral position.
181. Often people criticize such an opinion as too pes-
simistic.
182. B)' using the method of physico-chemistr}- we already
are equipped to explain animal action.
183. Mental analysis.
184. There are many animal movements that can not be
included within the special circle of Desire.
185. The most evident is the mechanical movement.
186. Mechanical force, in directing the animal bod\', is as
lifeless, as when directing a dead thing.
187. There exists "periodicity" in animal actions.
188. The periodicity of action is the continuous line of
ideas, or the movements of reactions in animals.
189. I also believe that these definitions may be applied
to the purposes and desires of the human
species.
190. You can't know much of animals by a mere external
examination.
191. One kind is a mechanical movement.
192. One kind is a vital movement.
193. As it is only used in biology, its use in psycholog}" is
inconvenient.
194. Therefore the environment which instinct encounters
may not be classed as wholly new.
98 ^ ^
198 m'i^^^
201 ^wwRi^^^. m^ai^ iir jj 7k >P'i' HP:@ jyi j^m
202 m^mm^m^. nmmmtt&miwmmmm'^^
2oy M^j^^j^imaffl^
204 ^wm^^'k^^, €^^l^-&<
205 |iW^:^^-^S^m:/j
IMIII.O.SOIMIY 99
19."). lie esteems it <^icatly, and has gi\cn il the name of
InUiilioii .
19(). He sa}s the instinct of many kinds of animals is most
wonderful.
197. -Applied philosophy of the real.
198. Philosophy of the arts.
199. Religious philosophy.
200. Educational and moral philosophy both regard ethical
conduct and view of life as universal objectives.
201. Educational and religious philosophj" take the view of
the universe and Divinity as universal objectives.
202. Educational and logical philosophy take real cogin'tion
and knowledge as universal objectives.
203. Applied philosophy pertaining to the formal.
204. Educational and political philosophy part company in
several directions.
205. Education is a primary motive power.
JO ^^I^^^M^ii!^^
11 ll|t6^jliM;iiltr:/j.li#-t^
J3 :fe;?^fi^j£'^^T#tM
VII— POLITICS
1. The first general meeting of the League of Nations.
2. The interior of the Council Chamber is built severely
simple.
3. The walls are cemented and hung with many portraits
of the great leaders of the Reformation.
4. All are suggestive of the culture of the faith.
.5. And such subjects as the cancellation of exterritoriality
(were mentioned ) .
f). To show it had the same standing as other nations, it
was necessary to enter the League.
7. To-day the reading of the bill, which had passed the
second reading, on the export (of silver bars), was
moved.
8. The said bill moreover proposed that the punishment by
imprisonment, for the melting of the currency, be
increased from six months to two years.
9. Each association representing political parties, the
Labour Association, as well as the Chinese Mer-
chants Overseas Society united in a General
Reception Association.
10. Fortunately we were invited to stand by the ' Press
Gallery ' and listen.
IL The session was open for two and half hours only.
12. The representatives from overseas and others were
present and spoke.
13. The president of the Labour Association was Chairman.
102 i& VS
IS ifi)^m'JiW^>iu'i^>^
20 j^ii^^is^jBVjs^w^fr
21 m^mn^, Mi:iiUf.mm^mm
23 mm^mtL^mi^mummm^Tkm^mmm
24 K«i^*5cfi<j-//^i;-
25 ^Iri^pfv^cfT
26 m^m^mn^^mAim
27 -^t^^tf ^i ri *)!rr/E/Ui^^^a^»;fif^i,t:
28 ^mmmwwii^, m^mwr^ii-inscmwi^^i
21) JiliJ^^,ij:^siift<)Yj-afi^ri^
31 i^i^fiuri^j^^
I'OLITICS 105
14. Ill all ei;^ht persons, of those present, spoke.
15. Yesterday the Cabinet discussed the Japanese despatch
on relations in Hun Ch'un.
16. To maintain the terms of proceedings (order, etc.) the
whole asseml)l>- rose and sang.
17. On that day though the majority of those who came
to the meeting was labour,
18. Vet there was good order and the spirit was very exu-
berant.
19. All manifested their congratulations, and keen expecta-
tion of a united I'ar East.
20. That evening there were several concerts.
21. It was felt that the two parties had many reasons and
motives for joining hands.
22. The re|)rcsentatives of the capitalists of the Pacific
coast of America.
23. These cai)italists have already got the power into their
hands of the said coast, in regard to coal and oil
mines and the rights of fisheries.
24. To discuss a method o( redemption.
25. To operate a street procession.
26. The diplomatic case re llun Ch'un concerns the
sovereignty of our countr}'.
27. Is it a fact that the eight articles agreed upon by the
goyernor of Kirin and the Japanese have received
government sanction or no?
28. These are his ideals and aims, but how about the
practical results.
29. He has knowledge and aims.
30. It is because (he) has not understood their thoughts.
31. International bearing.
35 «»^iii^tPW^Jii^®
36 Y».^J;TP^m
37 :f;ii^gf^^i^'#{±$7!H^r£M#Jiilift7$MT
38 iS^^^«i§^itf
40 ■^m-m'^^m^}^M^M^\?Mmi^
41 ^IJ^^^nfeS^-Inmfi^
42 mmmmm^fmrnm^
43 .6;/rt«Wr£^^#m-h::*^^l^;^j6^J*SI/J7
44 jis^ui^r7-Jt-^$'J ^^fe^fi'm^^^
46 7>^itkf)fi<Jl|^^
^0 MimMm^yAK!^
POLITICS 105
32. Economical relation.
33. That is a kind of revolutionary view.
34. Then it can't help but wholly smash and altogether
break up the regime of slight inequality of the old
social conditions, handed down.
35. The economic changes spring from the mechanical
changes.
36. Occasioning the rise of class.
37. Nevertheless, though there is ph\'sical harm, }-et the
spiritual effects are good.
38. Still it will be good to have coiumunism in action.
39. This will do away entirely with the economic classes.
40. There were many inspiring thoughts, which were all
separate and distinct.
41. None are able to show mutual identity of feeling.
42. Such com|)etitive struggle arises from afHuency.
43. Their thoughts are given to business of public benefit ;
and all join forces and give mutual help.
44. .Supposing there were the system of community of
goods, that would bring things a little nearer.
45. Their feelings of great poignancy should induce them
to respond.
46. Not to allow the enlargement of their liberty.
47. All should, by such an excellent new idea, be brought to
the test of solid fact.
48. The present government has received severe criticism
on the practical and theoretical sides.
49. Not to carry the power of responsibility would be the
safe coiu'se.
.50. Those men with special privileges.
lOG ^ Wi
64 fiiifi«];f> r^^v^Mj^it^jfS;
-IE. Ml
68 mnmmn'iHm
POLITICS 107
51. The monarch}- and atistocracy formed the governmcnl
during the 17th and 18th centuries.
52. It had better be said that it is an autocratic government
\\holl\- given to the increase of power and reaction.
53. This democratic system of government is real libcrt)'..
54. The present strife is not from the old individualism^
55. l)ul has arisen from a changed condition of socialism,
hostile to this.
56. To speak of it practicall}'.
57. The first cause of this tendency,
58. Which every part)' in the present social organism of
industrial life manifests.
59. luich one has lost his independence in many respects.
()0. The}' recognize they are a member of the whole and'
one part of a multitudinous bod}".
61. The life of the whole body is under the power of a
single, unitary government.
62. We must decide the value of such a new theor}-.
63. First take note of the different points in the theory of
the majority and absolutistu.
64. The}- do not recognize the adaptability of jurisprudence.
65. lUit delorniine the nature of the state and its special
powers from their own ideas.
66. The} admit that Mr. IIo's examination of the meaning
of the institutions, and, his value of ideal socialistic
philosophy to be correct.
67. The}- constantly oppose what idealism states by saying
that the idea is but a counterpart and the comple-
ment of Initli.
68. A dcstructi\e and constructive debate.
108 i^ '^
71 ^^±ij%^m^±mmit±(^^mijj\\, mmmm'].
72 i^-^{^]>}.-^xm!}m^iB,'(^ji^±fi¥jBn
73 ^mmMmmmi^i
74 ^^mi&ii'kmf[
75 ^-:^^m'i^^m/^mm-'mrMm
76 Afi^jM#'krgi^4^-fi!iA^Jl^l1-:-?gri::^*/hPR/I)aJi^t^ltil$
77 Mf^fftli^t-^-T-i^xfi^j'Sv'^ltf
78 3vvm'^^mi'i~m
80 m]^'^, ^ffri^mfi^j; >fia^^'^n^j, i3i?-i^^-o.i
81 n^muz^^.^w
82 ^girrlMii^:£^7c^
83 -'ji]5:AfM^J!}l'5iH-^i^f)fefil'f$m
84 li,^^nm^sS^iiiIit^i^.l!ii*SW-rfli}--ii*i^"/b
85 ?urr:'h^:^ii^r^'ii^fiiijm'^^uf
POLITICS 109
69. Moreover all then advocated NO STATE, no RULE, NO
LAW.
70. The i)h}-sical and spiritual life, capitalism and socialism,
liberalism and radicalism.
71. At lust his great strength lay in the direction of
capitalism and socialism : but now gradually he has
\eered in the direction of liberalism and radicalism.
72. iMom the time of the revolution till now, industries
have withered under the extreme influence of
political autiiority.
73. During the age of transition.
74. Public property has alread)' deteriorated extremely.
7."). The fruits of the first revolution was that the Russians-
threw off the shackles of autocrac}-.
76. A person's spiritual life may rest on the physical life,
provided it is maintained on the lowest scale.
77. Seeing his unprincipled and stealthy methods of
foreign intercourse.
78. The absolute action towards Chinese authorities.
79. Positively refuse to be under the thumb of Japan.
80. Mow can we saj- the country is a unit}- when some
provinces have /// clniiis and some have done aw^ay
with them.
81. The A party strives with P party over the tuchunship.
82. Harding, the new President of ^America, assumes office
to-day.
83. The minds of some people are influenced b}- the impact
of current waves of opinions.
84. Vet compared with Euroi)e and America, our precursors,
we are still in the callow state.
85. China now wants to cancel exterritorialit}'.
97 arit^^35k'.tii^tni.;;ixff3^r^ft:iiiljri'jfi-(Jt^ij|
9-s k'^n^h^^ f'rrm-.w-ium
J 01 sJ^^^ir^i^nWli
102 i!fe^<t^iij<j-^
POLITFCS 1)1
86. It is very difficull tor China to become a United
Republic. "^ J?^ *^
87. These changes in politics,
88. The Peking diplomatic corps, and the consular body
in every port.
89. There isn't the slightest room left for activity.
90. The whole has been handed to the consortium to
transact.
91. They must get hold of the spiritual and cultural
privileges.
92. China has only obligations and no rights,
93. Not only is there no benefit, \vc shall on the contrary
be subject to its overwhelming and savage
abuse.
94. And now they want to despoil the spirit of our
civilization.
9.5. Shall we again ever see the happiness of a clear and
bright day.
96. If our people want to become the spiritual slaves of
the foreigners.
97. Let us speedily arouse ourselves, and most energeti-
cally oppose this mortal propaganda opposed to
the new civilization.
98. We all are conscious of the hunger for knowledge.
99. The publishing world has added numberless new
magazines.
100. In magazines you gather (or they introduce) the crops
of sundry learning.
101. Plan a medium of foreign opinions.
liO'2. Let the civilizing efforts bear fruit.
112 ^ ^
103 ^wMBm^<m^mm\^
J 05 m&^w^wr)iimmi'
106 ii^piHttm--fi'Jt.^>
107 m~-M'MMmmm^, mmmM'mM
los i^.jmMB9mi^w^^}mth±B
101) 5km!i!i^t^i?5]ii.'fmM
110 T>5^,^P4f^^^^n|.^-]r|||n£a.njfftlif^Jr|g-^^#
111 }i]^Mmi^w>w^-imn
iJ- mm:^m^m'Mt^jjmmmmm(\^i:Jj'M
1J4 ;^^^5i±iiii^'^j<Mj5®^ri^jif.'f'i^
115 j[e®[ii^^rfr^j'M;s-ft^f+^;^£-tfifij^if
iiG mi^m^mimmfif^imti
117 Aif;fi^^^K)i;ffj^:!^fi^^f^^fi^^tH
lis ii^mm^immm^^ t\ &''i\iVj
POLITICS 113
103. Every individual faction of the independent body
can't but sjive it obedience.
104. At the proper time we shall have none of this feeling
of conipulsory power.
105. The universal privileges of the people are also
abolished.
106. The state will get a unitary will.
107. it certainly will manifest every sort of disruption,
arriving at a stage without power.
108. Outside the State where is there another high Sover-
eignty ?
109. Sovereignty and State will perish contemporaneously.
110. Whether you name it the State's extinction of authority,
or whether you call it the annihilation of its
existence.
111. It is sufficient to make clear the actual aspect.
112. Thus viewed sovereignty is factual authority.
113. Transferring sovereignty from the phase of reality to
that of ideals.
114. May it not be said then that this Sovereignty should
show the special nature of the State.
115. The real elements in the body of ideas are duties and
privileges.
116. Still that it has absolute authority is not to be
conceded.
117. What the people of an Autocratic country need have
is the habit of being governed.
118. What the people of a Republic need is the power of
self-government.
5 m±mmmAum^MMm
12 ft^l:_^j#A^6^#@
15 f4*>7^n^iiJi^^^f4'>^ng|§M^^f4*>^ngit^D^^
Vlll.— RELIGION
1. Though done by foreigners, yet it really has nothing in
the nature of the Church.
2. How can we go about the breaking up gambling and
superstitions.
3. We must appropriate the fruits of comparative religion,
4. Because of the fruits of psychological investigations.
5. All the clergy investigate demonology.
6. There should be made a telephone observatory, and a
telegraph office for communicating between the
dead and living.
7. His machine is yet in the experimental age.
8. Hitherto he has not spoken with any certainty.
9. We can quite see his spiritual boldness from the results
of his experience.
10. He thinks of making a machine or instrument that
would serve the convenience of those who have
passed into another sphere of existence.
11. Its nature is similar to that of a stopper.
12. I am not a strong advocate of the permanency of
character.
13. I believe life is like matter equally indestructible.
14. Life in the world in the past was thus abundant and
will continue to be equally abundant for ever.
15. You cannot create nor destroy life nor can you add to
life.
116 ^ m
17 m^n^munfWi^mA^-mwM
IS m^wmm^m'i-mmm&rmt
19 m^^mMmmj^
21 _j^Wi^n<jfn]A
22 mmmmm^^\^-m^mm^
25 S^ttT-^fr^
V 28 m^-ji^t
29 AIS^r^^nHg?MMj'^li(il^
30 ^^ia:^>M^^£-^#^l-#^1^^^-%Ai^^J##
31 mmmmmmmm^
34 )|^#Ji|a#/^i=0»<j
RELIGION 117
16. Every monad is a life : when united they create a
person.
17. We have already recognized that each individual is a
unit.
18. The theory of electrons supplies us with a most perfect
answer.
19. All reveal a satisfactory attitude.
20. All are seductions for alluring people to sin,
21. ^Associates in the propaganda of China for Christ.
22. Responding to the joyful exclamations of the times we
offer a national gospel.
23. Hasn't the Confucian religion received a fresh, powerful
wound.
24. We can only pour this cup of blessing on the myriad
altars of the heart of our myriad compatriots.
25. Christians have gained a new consciousness.
26. This is not another superficial affair for you to create a
fresh canard.
27. In England were there only two persons, who adequately
set the spirit and soul for a goal.
28. A society believing in the one God.
29. Humankind, however uncivilized, have all the religious
idea.
30. The religious idea whether it be of many gods or one
God shows the spiritual nature of man.
31. Jesus discovered such a true religion.
32. They hardly conceive that God is the absolute, not the
relative.
33. All who seek for a method to give proof of God do so
from the physical idea.
34. Spirit and matter are relative.
118 ^ m
35 ji'^f^mnm^
36 ^^±m'^mmAm'^>9\'±m—7t^^\i~7tmm'M
37 -Ttm^m^mm'ij'mm
38 m^m±^^-mnM
40 m^mmB^M^-mm%'
41 (— )i0 5i%W^«tW^#^^^^
44 mmm^^^^i^m
45 :^ig|{im6^Aifi^T
47 --^Ji^|M^
48 ^uj^lSfmJiH
49 -Ttm^mm
51 m.^mmmmm^j^^m^mm^mmr-tm^^
RELIGION 119
35. God is altogether spirit.
36. Exponents of the theories of philosophy as a rule are
confined to monism and dualism — two great
branches.
37. Monism has the two schools of materialism and
spiritism.
38. The spirit school looks on every thing as non-existent.
39. They even regard actual physical matter as non-existent.
40. The materialists though they seem to consider every
thing as existing,
41. (a) Yet as matter has a birth so it has a death, being
created so it undergoes decay.
(b) Death and decay is non-existence. But is this
also not an indirect view that all is non-existent?
42. But as to the dualistic view it recognizes both matter
and spirit.
43. It looks like that all who believe in the Christian
religion belong to this class.
44. But really Christianity is not at all of this kind.
45. It is only a wrong explanation by persons who are
mistaken.
46. Every ancient superstitious, ignorant, illogical Christian
tradition is generally thus.
47. Monism is the absolute.
48. Yet the absolute is the non-existent.
49. Dualism is the relative.
50. That is, being and non-being are opposites.
51. Whether the logical or mathematical theory be used to
explain it, it is evident to all that non-being
cannot change into being.
120 ^ ^
55 ^mm^mmPi]mMmmn^"k
56 M:^+3^^
57 ^ig^t^^:^i^>^^^
58 j^mn^^&mjmmmm
60 m%^mk^m-t^^M
61 M#S't^^:i:#.lEm6^m#M^;g:iim
62 ?ftg;ibM^^^^3i^:^i^
63 -txn^^^^m
64' *^:>^ct^-^^iimft5c
65 nmm^mn'^:^A
66 feT^^t^lgit^ZlA
67 iitfi^tfs&^i^m^W^A^^gli^
68 mm^j^mmm^^^m^s'My^w^wm^
69 itt:^Ji6<jPF:BA3liA^j^/J^^^i3^Bn^Jid'A^fi^
RELIGION 121
52. The researches of chemistry and physics show the law
of the indestructibility of matter.
53. All that people recognize as existent and non-existent
is only the flux in form.
54. If men don't believe in God they only demean them-
selves.
55. Now use the telegraph instrument as an illustration of
the spiritual organ,
56. The brain is the central office.
57. The feelings and the tissues form the local branch
offices.
58. The nerves are the wires connecting the branches with
headquarters.
59. According to the foregoing exposition of the essentials
of the Christian creed.
60. It is seen that Christianity is the sole religion.
61. It is seen that Christianity has a real creed and is by
no means a superstition.
62. Bishop Roots of the Hupeh Church was chairman.
63. Seven persons formed the examining committee.
64. Having been adopted by the full session, the whole
body supported it.
65. The advisory and executive were each composed of six
members.
66. Two representatives were elected from six conferences.
67. The plans of this conference are to put into operation
Jesus' theory of the Kingdom.
68. What they believe and seek is the final appearance of
the kingdom of Heaven on earth.
69. INIen's sins are only a small part of the world's crimes,
the State is responsible for the greater part.
122 ^
70 mBW^miym^^M^m^^^^^
71 M^7b}^mmm^^m^n-^i
72 it^:^^^M:frmimm
73 ^^F#a^jf^.7
76 m^^u^mm^i^^^mmm^i
78 ^g^micA
70 m^i^ltSlIM^
80 S#|{ric^±^ta^M^ili:^Jiil6lji|iiJ^t«
81 ^A-mm^^'^i
82 if5m;g:^P4±in'fi^l
83 _h^ri<jg^^r±«'J6^i«:J^^^^lfciiiiatH:^«5it±1^6^
84 mm)i:nf\mf.mn''}mnm§:m±mm?MW^mm
85 ^j-^
87 m^}i^-^^M:mi^i±m~"'
RELIGION 123
70. Therefore the first thing in saving the State is a radical
reform of the State.
71. Finally to break up national lines of demarcation, and
unite the whole world into one Kingdom of
Heaven.
72. The radical revolution will consist in dissolving the
private system of private ownership.
73. This done, the obstacle to the Kingdom of Heaven will
be swept away.
74. The cause of endless and bitter wars and the failure to
attain peace arises from the State system.
75. It is a dream to think that real peace can come from
the discussions of the Peace Conference.
76. Politics and law are nothing but to make the State
stronger.
77. Order is the creation of men to protect plunderers.
78. Christianity concentrates on saving man.
79. Receive the rite of baptism and habitually read the
Scriptures.
80. The aim of Christianity Saving the Nation (Society)
is to destroy the false system of the world.
81. And give men a true system.
82. That is what is called God's Kingdom.
83. The Kingdom of God does not belong to another world:
that is to say it is to be made actual in this
world.
84. This is a statement of the simple aims of Christianity
Saving the Country which we believe in and act on.
85. Some would apply it practically.
86. Yet the ignorant and dark old set oppose this strongly.
87. A concrete support has not yet been seen.
124 ^ li:
88 ^XA6^-'i'«ffifliXAA^IM
89 ^mt^mrM^^Mi rxmrn
92 -xnmMi^^m
93 «te^^^ic^
96 mm^^!^m, ^im^u^mA^
97 :^fHtW#;ff.S>^J>
98 ®:^XA6^jSMm
99 — i@5^6^^ffi^^
100 mm^m^^xm^mm%^nm^ti^
103 Mm^Bm^A^^^^mmm
J04 ^iiMT#.f:J-^;^-T>^-6^
105 m^m^i^nti'-i'^^^mm
RELIGION 125
88. The reform of the ideals of the workers as well as his
institutions.
89. The no.xious traditions of China's ritualism have
reached the working classes also.
90. Mirabile-dictu, they mouth the (trite) sayintjs of
geomancy and fate.
91. Such ideas are prevalent in villages and amongst the
labouring classes.
92. To have a great dissemination of our propagandism.
93. The agency of the old ethics and customs are too
deeply ingrained.
94. They understand that it is the standard of the age and
not fate that is bad.
95. They apprehend it is the rapacity of the landlords and
capitalists.
96. This phase of revolution understands its own life,
97. Why are there these thoughts of piety ?
98. Because of the simple ideals of the working-man.
99. There is a lofty aim with regard to the next life.
100. This kind of knowledge in the mills has imperceptibly
come from abroad.
101. The ideas of material welfare that is connected with
Christianity is more profuse than in other
religions.
102. It is not easy to shatter the religious ideas of such
people.
103. How great the love of Jesus, how mean the capitalists!
.104. God will not countenance opposition to the divine
idea.
105. It is most easy to stir up their revolutionary propa-
ganda.
126 ^
106 M&mn^kr^t^^^
107 :g.titt^ilfi±^^j£f|#
108 XAU%'^J^
109 ^^^m^^Rmmmmm^
110 mj&.nwm
111 ^I^iM-iSWA^Xir
112 xAmm^^nmm^m'^
113 ^fP]-B6^^^1IJ^^ff.|rTO^%
115 :^i^i^^'i^mmwcmm{^mr^m
116 M_a:^W^#^#i:gI^0fmt^6^
^17 Rfmnmmi^mmA^-i
118 ^iieic^;'g|i-^
120 ^mcxKj^mnmm^
121 ^AiKi^, I'^J+^J^-I^'M
122 Aimm, ^^^:mm
^^AmmM
124 F^-/f»tm^, M@ii
125 nn-m—WiU^^m'^j^m
126 ^j73fi:4^mmiii.^f^
RELIGION 127
106. I am not able to give a concrete statement.
107. How can we beget faith in such a view.
108. Workmen have self-determining power.
109. Within there is power and all kinds of complex views.
110. To feed his instinct of self-initiative.
111. Let all join in organizing a visible workmen's society.
112. Workmen's education should break down formal edu-
cation.
113. Their whole life is a mechanical existence.
114. There is still another thing that should be said with
the greatest severity.
115. There are many of these handed down from heathen
times.
116. Further there are some held in great esteem by those
outside Christianity.
117. (They) oppose State religion and advocate an unadul-
terated evangelism.
118. The first luminous day of religious reform,
119. Bloodshed and the smoke of the fires of martyrdom
passed by,
120. And the episcopal form of worship arose.
121. There is an ecclesiastical flavour in what foreigners
do.
122. Man's reason is a secure endowment of nature.
123. Since animals and insentient things are without reason,
these are therefore put in a very low position, and
almost all are in subjection to man.
124. Ecclesiastical authority was all supreme in the dark
middle ages.
125. Our acts are all under the direction of God.
126. When the period of the renaissance arrived.
128 ^ t
127 mmm±m^i>i^mmm
128 m:'¥'^m%'> r^m^^mmm.
129 wtm^'^'^^^^<u^yt'f^mi
130 nmm^^^^^m&i
131 iii:rnt^^f^;#^^^M^
132 ^Mm^^.^fyPMmmm^mm
133 ^^$il^^Jilic$#^#{iA:^fl^#^li;i:iim'
134 Jtkm^il^l'fi^v^W
135 mm^i^m^
137 m-^^MM^kmm^mm
138 lfc#5m®^tftJi;f^jfiM:
139 mms^±m'S-tr^^M^r
140 ^E^M^IiiAM^Ii^^^
142 ^m^ttt^B^A.^jS^^*©^.
143 ii;iit{#fi<jil£:?S, ficfP3a»iCff T
RELIGION 129
127. The age of mysticism was overthrown and replaced by
natural science.
128. Holding that the universe and all things were created
tVom the monad.
129. That is to say the manifestation of the cosmos is the
movement of the monad.
130. The phenomena of the spirit is also the flux of the
monad.
131. There is no spirit, no soul in the world.
132. The genesis of the intellect arose from the activities of
nervous cells.
133. The impingements of the outer world being felt stirred
the nerves. These in turn were transferred to
the brain centres and become sensations.
134. He is a great minister in this religion,
135. He is most intimate with me.
136. The materialism of the 16th and 17th Centuries and
the dogmas of religion cannot stand together.
137. To say that all religions are all imagination and
superstition.
138. To find no standing (for them) in the calculations of
science.
139. Such statements in the realm of fact would be strange.
140. According to the recent investigations of historians
and anthropologists,
141. The religious outlook already existed in the beginnings
of the organized social life of man.
142. Religion and philosophy really belong to the very
foundations of man's thought.
143. The acts of the leaders in national affairs are already
made known to us.
130 '^. li
144 i^MKimm, ^iJ^m^^
145 {±mMnA^&f-Mm'ijW^m
146 ^mB^M^^mm
147 #iM^^At#jT/t^Ja^
148 ^#^a^'tt-^i^j^M
149 ^^mm^-'^ir^ic
151 jfiLiS^ffi^^^'I'S^^^
152 ^^±m^mijxm^(^''m^^
153 ffi^^6^j^|f f5;^l!/g
154 Mmij^mmmiTb^M:^^
155 [P]icWi^^#hKii^^^/A^]^5^
156 ^-M^il6^JE-t-gMFfa
157 ■^m\ih%m^i^m:
158 f^.iis^^x^*8t/ria®ri^j^
159 ^mmmmm^mMni
160 -tii:^fi^iiH}ii^IiiJ6^||ifIl
161 Ybii^fi^jmt^«f
162 mjj^m^'^^iwimmmm
163 ^ji:iilijA^j^:^j/Ji»^^ig
RELIGION 131
144. Vour individual sins are the poison that ruins the
country.
14."). It has become a burning c}ucstion in our hearts.
146. The propaganda work of China for Christ.
147. The citizens should entertain a correct attitude towards
the Christian Church.
148. Christ is our country's sole star of salvation.
149. \^'e respectfully await your help.
150. Is it not that we eagerly call and lead you to come to
us Christians.
151. Bloody wars arc the fruits of Western civilization.
152. Democracy is the pleasant fruits of Western civiliza-
tion.
153. What may be the creative causes of Westerii civiliza-
tion?
154. The seeds of that W^estern civilization is Christianity.
155. To join in delving and hoeing and nourishing this
bud of the flower of the Eastern civilization.
156. Is a true principle of patriotism.
157. A reckoning of the realm of the gains of the twentieth
century.
158. Where can }'ou have the time to go and survey the
environment on eveiy side.
159. All join in the discussion of this great project of saving
the country.
160. Nor can you escape from the time sphere.
161. To advance during this age of awakening.
162. Every European country from the time it suffered the
grievous wounds of the European war.
163. The power of the culture propaganda has burst over
the whole country.
132 m
J65 ^mm^^^m^^m.m
J71 4-BB^g^^<l^'i-J^til#
172 ^#|ki^0l^^j^^^#
173 -^Hg^tWj^a^^^^fef^&^jr^^^^^ltkft^Jl^tM^j
174 ^\Lf\Ki\^^^M'^mW^''^^%
175 #)]i# US jifriBg-yd@^.#
176 rrfii^fiWWuAfyj+^iifU
RKLIGION 133
164, The iiitliieiicc of the people's Iresh consciousness has
shaken the world.
165, Salvation of the country is the true worth of Chris-
tianity.
166, Let every one join forces in this struggle — radical
salvation of the country,
167, That we may get a bright understanding like the
effulgence of the day,
168, He cross-examines Christianity in every detail besides
adding his personal criticisms.
169, In learning it has already become an unarguable case.
170, We want to pick him out for use.
171, To-day we have won a victorious step in advance,
172, The lasting victorious energy of Christianity.
173, The religious reformation of Luther in past days and
Marx's economical revolution are still powerful
influences.
174, The life of us men bears the impress of matter,
175, In the Greek mythology there is Mercury.
176, What spirits they believe in are all humanlike.
m m
-+-»S»»* - * -^-cst-^-
1 W.h;i:0_«§mt;£^
12 ^^fijfiiimri<j^0;^^ri^j^:#j
J4 ^>ii^uYr/^(4:iH76<j#'«f
IX.— SCIENCE
1. The foregoing is the investigation of the Japanese
Imperial Agricultural Society.
2. It must be counted as a most important examination
minute and detailed.
.3. Now bathed in the light of civilization.
4. The impact of the culture of the industrial town arouses
the sleepy peasantry, guiding him toward a
consciousness of class.
5. To organize a society for the investigation of terms in
translation.
6. To compile a dictionary of unitary terminology in
translation.
7. The article maintained by the Purists cannot be put
into practical operation.
8. The new names current these recent years are in line
with the language, though they are foreign goods
from Japan.
9. The primar>- forms of life of present living things.
10. The cells of the present simple forms of life.
11. Because it has the power of growth.
12. A life capable of changing from a simple to a complex-
form.
13. Therefore we can't determine the cause of the differenti-
ating point in such purposes,
14. More than it has the special quality of a primary life
(amreba).
136 # ^
18 m'^^i^^^Bm^MM,
21 ^igsk^te:^-'M5^6^J^
22 ^^m^^^T^fe^^^'J^i*
23 ^rumti'ri^mm^n
29 ficri^ia*^-7-^^^iii^:^m^A^jiDii^A^i-
SCIENCE 137
15. There is now a class of primary life which has sprung
from inorganic matter.
16. Nevertheless the lowest forms of fungoid life is that
which has been produced from the inorganic.
17. The interpretation that natural life has sprung from
inorganic matter.
18. Though it may do as a carrier in contaminating
things.
19. The continued existence of germs, on the other hand,
wholly depends on the nourishment present in
organic things.
20. This nourishment appears as a highly specialized
material.
21. It must be postulated that it makes the beginning
point of organisms.
22. If living matter could really exist in another world.
23. The condition of continuance and suitability of the
molecule.
24. l^eing in the propinquity of a temperate zone is a
suitable time for the transformation of the sap.
25. The power of movement in molecules is not enough to
prevent the appearance of the stabilizing power.
26. Because there is inherent in the molecule a stabilizing
power.
27. The formula of a perfect gaseous body, nevertheless,
gives no explanation of the method of liquid
decomposition,
28. The law of pressure that arises after the mixture of two
or more gaseous bodies.
29. We may begin from a view of the combination of
molecules or of atoms.
138 # J^
32 mmmmm^^m^
33 xnmui^^m^^m
34 fm^lW/gil>-aWi^tn:A-J:^J
35 m^mmm
36 tm»^
38 p^m^m^mmMmn^MmmM^^m^^mmM
39 iJ^'Bii^fi^Jfl^;^
40 ^^^mk'i^nm-imm
42 ^^iiS©R#A^J
43 mmm
44 ^h§{Mfn'f'
45 m^miHmnm)}:fj}>x^)stmm
46 rAmt:f^ii#^+^{?^iiari^jii{^;^j
47 M-#^k^ii^M#^fe^fe^^{l!^^Mil^ft-Jiift:
48 mi>xm'k'¥/)mwi\^)ii^mmm'&^imwM
SCIENCE 139
30. If really a gaseous body were mixed with a viscous
body, we could say that the gaseous body had
been diffused in the viscous body.
31. A single examination will show no signs of chemical
action within two atoms.
32. Presuppose this thin layer could be put in motion.
33 And further that the diffused molecule could pass
through (its walls).
34. There is no resisting force to that motion of the thin
layer.
35. A stable adaptation.
36. \\ ith regard to the initial force.
37. Change it into property of a perpetual value (Realty).
38. By aiding its adaptation, a perfectly adaj^table form is
given to it, in which case alone it can be reckoned
to have a practical, transfigured form.
39. The process of the selective organ.
40. Intrinsically it is conformity to the general law,
41. What is called heredity is adaptation to permancnc}".
42. Education is no more than a temporarj- adaptation.
43. A new environment.
44. A stage in progress.
45. Heredity then depends on such initial motive power for
perfecting adaptation.
46. Because the selective organ depends on the adapting
power.
47. Pure development, as well as variation, can beget
progress without the use of selection.
48. Mencc the investigation of the origin of species has no
connection with selection.
140 m m
■51 m)i:mB^^
52 ^jmrnrn'Mmu-ikM
53 -i^i^xmmmitwmm.
54 #f^M^yJ;;/j6^J>fiM
55 mnmt^'rMm'^jmmimtik
56 S*^^iilii^tfe;^j)ai^^^?t^
57 mmmmmmM^B%}&^mmi¥
58 ^Hii^^-a^
59 ^;g:fr^A<jjgm't', um-jj^yHmM^m
SCIENCE 141
49. Vet, in the wish to investigate the origin of the survival
of the fittest, selection is not an essential thing.
50. The internal tendency to change.
51. Is all an accidental growth.
52. Hence the complexity of the strain of hercdit}-,
53. May increase the total sum of change.
54. Such an effective article.
55. Because inferior articles receive continuous sifting
(selection) by elimination of the bad.
56. With regard to dependence on i:)Ower of ada|)tHtion for
nourishing the change of form.
57. Wait until this species of transfigured form has accumu-
lated into a perfectly spontaneous action.
58. Is wholly adapted to a certain environment.
59. That is, within the extraordinar}' environment the
original force is of a nature to survive.
y^^
1 m7b^^'^'Mwmj^mmiim\m(y^)
12 -Jj«ltm'.v;llWiA^i*;'j^i^Ji^%
X— SOCIETY
1. 'Motion' is the natural principle and tendency of the
law of the universe.
2. Civilization is the sign of every motion.
3. There is no place in the world for any such thing as a
static civilization.
4. Exposition should proceed on strict lines and not in
any lax way.
5. All are subject to the agencies of natural principles and
without any real automatic movement.
6. Whatever the present world contains of spiritual and of
material culture are the fruits of natural law.
7. Motion is a form of power.
8. There is inherent in the cosmos a form of power of
motion that gives birth to culture.
9. What there is in the world at present of half flowering
of government, religion, customs, and habits, — a
part is the brilliant results of the mobile culture,
a part the evil result of other forces.
10. Mankind is within the animal world, and his standards
are comparatively higher than animals.
11. Unfortunately there is constantly in humankind a
minority which are selfish and self-seeking robbers
and use other people to be their slaves in service.
12. Some powerful houses repress personal manifestation of
activities.
144 iiit t-
14 ^iW'iRin
15 m^<m^M^w^^
16 w^m^n^^^i^nm^^^9m%mm
17 Mm-i^M3^m^~mMm
19 mmK^i'-i^mmmm^AA^^mmi^^^^m^^
20 ^f^tlL»7«^^tfT
21 ^^m^ikmm.mLc-'
23 ^y^^r^ffl^f^*, m¥mmm±m
24 rffe^ije^itiiilt
25 i0-^ii:i:@er±i^^i'r.^ri^jrfifc#i^p#
26 M^^^-^m^^ii\^i^^mn^^
27 iHfflii:g^^-is*ii^iard:f7ri^j
28 m^^mmiir^mmnm ^^-mj
32 R^ft!itn^.tii^iiri^j^ii^'i*
SOCIETY 145
13. If it is possible to have a new consciousness of an
operative culture.
14. The cost of culture.
15. They give no holiday on Saturdays or Sundays.
16. The present conditions are, internally an aristocratic
regime, externally a militaristic one.
17. The present communism is a species of aristocracy,
18. The Republicans revere him as though he were a genii,
19. To advance the people in ability and knowledge that
all may have a foothold in communal life.
20. He passed excellently and gained the diploma.
21. Selfishness is the great enemy of democracy.
22. Each man pins his faith in his own cult.
23. Each can without using any special artifice, get into
grips with the opinions of opponents.
24. To come to the discussion of the reform of society.
25. But the fact is this can only be expounded amongst a
high grade of social beings,
26. Tliat is, the demand for free speech, free publication,
free meetings.
27. To think of using a direct way of action in the reform
of society.
28. It is not that the worth of socialism is not decided.
29. Nor is it thought that an examination of socialism is
not an obligation on us.
30. First it is necessary to create a reformed society to
show people.
31. If it is not Babylonian script it is Aryan,
32. Only he should have a potential disposition for
progress.
146
33 iff*s:i^^m'sit^^, ^'{^mwmijm
34 ^fjmmm^
35 ^m^mm^m^ti^
36 m^-M^mmA^m
37 'i^mA^m'^nimm^±m:t^^mm
38 i^wc^^mmmmm
39 mmm^u^'^^mmm
40 ftin^^'^Ji6^A*^;l^i©^ficlP^6^»ffi
41
?6^#M'l*lt^^tg
42 -lijitti^Wfi^Wglt^^t^nffii
43 |Pm;g:^6^f^^
44 m^^mmm^
45 ^^g-l-^f^g^ffi^^
46 ^ife?^^^x6^ji^;f;, mmm^mj^
47 ti#^
49 r^^y^xm^^^mA^^m
50 ar^A^jwwi^M
51 ^.MiL^^m
52 it^^[±{
53 tei^i^lW^:^^'EJlll6^||^j^
54 m^nm\\}^m^Mm'^m
SOCIETY • 147
33. You think there is no right law or a scientific method.
34i Given progress, reconstruction must come.
35. A legal order must follow principles.
36. This is a reasonable view of life.
37. A theory of education fixed from this view of life is
reasonable.
38. Let the teachers have room for new ideas.
39. These two reforms are very constructive.
40. We who investigate principles do no more than fulfill
our duty.
41. The most important characteristic in it, is functional
power.
42. One functional ability which dominant people have is
that of occupation and mobility.
43. The town is the centre of culture.
44. The town is the centre of industry.
45. The one hope of China lies in the students.
46. Students have neither lasting endurance nor the spirit
of cohesion.
47. To truckle and cringe to the students.
48. The students association is nothing but a few repre-
sentatives carrying on with effort.
49. But isn't there an urgent call on the youth daily to
unite ?
50. Our joy and expectation.
51. Social intercourse between men and women has become
general.
52. To introduce the custom of walking with young ladies.
53. He truly does it from a pure love of him.
54. They use new terms as a means of evil.
148 frt
55 r-'i%r-^^jm\^n}&m^
56 ^mmwMm^mm
57 iE^£r^nr-i<mmmim
58 '\^^y^x^^mm)&h%m
59 '^m^^mm^j&^sn^m
60 ^mmw)mi.m^u±m
61 m>^^:immmx
62 ^,^fi5c:?SP^M^7
64 mtwif^
65 ^^MiSffl^M^^
70 i^^idmmmn'd'v^f^m
SOCIETY 149
55. It must be that their true character will be exposed.
56. In this simple kind of organized production.
57. Just at the inevitable appearance of great success.
58. Happening in the nick of a ripe opportunity and luck.
59. The second element in the growth of the labour
problem.
60. The aims of the labour movement and the opinions
advocated.
61. Every effort must be used to avoid a general strike,
62. It has become a class struggle.
63. The success of the labour alliance for a general strike.
64. To rely on the device of might.
65. It is necessary to comprehend this passionate hope.
66. This indeed is the world's paramount view.
67. Nevertheless quite recently there has appeared in
America a body hostile to this combination.
68. Only in the wish to advance the country the people
must have the spirit of venture. Otherwise no one
would go and build railways and open mines.
69. Foreigners say social progress depends on the spirit of
advance.
70. They estimate the legitimate expenses of life.
•J» •5=^'^=^< ^-
1 mr^mm^mm
3 ^;§:Ep^^5l?iS«^IlM^jm^f«*iJ.^I||^^m
4 ii^'a^MWJxmmMj&n^M'^m^imr^nmm^^m,
5 «P^ff^*^6^t^
7 Mmw^^^TK^^-^^mmni
8 1«:^Jii?^^^ii%-^i^lt?iW:^|5^
9 f^^r^M-m^^Mfmmi
11 #li^^a«^
12 ±^iiimfflm^f
13 maii^f;S:it^iciii--I}fl^]
14 nfmmw^^m-'^Mn''ir.-ii
15 fi^iPJHlifjOTnfi^J.tli:;f!A-, ^il{;£rj##'J:ii6^jAg;"g|;tm^iilifi
XI.— TRADE
1. An essential problem of banking.
2. Credit is able to create ready money.
3. Thereupon Mr. Chia will present this Bill of Exchange
of time limit to a Bank, and discount it for ready
money.
4. Should there be no goods to cover this, the bill would
be valueless, and no Bank would take the risk of
advancing ready money.
5. All is an ability to compute the future.
6. Risk can advance things.
7. In that case the world would never be able to have new
inventions.
8. Had men knowledge and experience there would be no
risks.
9. Risk is only a kind of mental action.
10. Consumers' expectation of change alters daily.
11. Moreover the loans are for short periods.
12. Land credit Bank.
13. Financial Banks undertake the building of railways and
such like.
14. Could we at present but take a larger share in founda-
tion building.
15. The initial point of preparation at the moment must
come from each of us becoming a leader, each of
us standing in the position of leader.
152
16 d\Bwm^M.i§, mnmrnm, mr^^^
17 nnmrni^itmrnmrnm-^^'T
18 'gi^mmmKmmm, ^mW]
19 mmia^mmu^^'^mmmm-^
20 ^m^i^itmmmm'^^
21 ^mm^^mmmmMMM^r-M
22 ^m^n^nm"^^^
23 f£^«iH@QlS
24 nJ^3S^±^jg^;f;
25 M^iM'^HIi, Si^*±a6^1fllfiJ^6^i:l:'^
26 to-ilL^^^ti};^6^IA
28 ^mmmm\^'M^¥i^^i^mnM:U¥-jtm'\'^^ni
29 [il^^lfrPJllS, #:^iS^Ppim
30 '^mm^^J:-Wf^^^W'i'\'^'M
31 ^^}yf^^i§^-$IS{^^I^R51iiJ^i-J!^lilil
TRADE 153
16. Therefore it is impossible to escape an autocratic
atmosphere and superstitious idolatry.
17. We have been engaged with the programme of the new
culture for a year and more.
18. Full of fanaticism, wholly opposing the new thought.
19. This sort of slavish and autocratic school is just a
prison.
20. Consciousness is a weapon for the propagation of
culture.
21. The phrase 'to manage' and 'be managed ' are to be
explained differently.
22. Therefore we must break up the system of payment by
cash.
23. That is, free ourselves from these shackles.
24. We may gather the fascinating power of ready
moneyism.
25. With regard to a comparison between such an organiza-
tion and a capitalistic industrial regime.
26. He also went through this apprenticeship.
27. Hence he was able to set up for himself.
28. (Sir Charles) Addis, the chief representative of British
bankers, had been to the New York Conference to
discuss the affairs of the Chinese New Con-
sortium.
29. The question of the Exchanges gave rise to the
question of speculation.
.30. From an economical investigation of the nature of
speculation.
31. The Exchanges are only a kind of organs of limited
speculation.
154 m ^
36 trAl.Jaffi+S^^M^M^^ta^:^)
37 A^H8;^i£^Jil^-tf
39 |^^«6^^^^M^m
45 *^^m>5^^,M^^?^^-^*
TRADE 155
32. The price of the scrip, and merchandise purchased now,
will advance if the demand is much and the supply-
little, before the day of maturity ; and vice versa-
33. When the seller is unable to deliver the quantity of
goods sold.
34. When delivery is not sufficient more goods must be
used for bank mortgage.
35. On the contrary if the price has fallen when the time
matures there will be no need to take delivery of
goods but the party, therefore, would be willing
to pay cash for the d ifference in the market
price.
36. The ordinary man looks upon Chinese speculation in
jobbing as gambling.
37. All men say that speculation is akin to gambling.
38. Intentionally the market price is made elasti c so that it
may be easy to advance or lower it.
39. The price follows and is fixed by the supply and
demand of merchandise.
40. The producer only knows the momentary stocks of
supply and demand.
41. The particular business of comparative money exchange
is known as the "Shilling" business, in ordinary
parlance.
42. Every one looks on banking as a speculative business.
43. Piece goods merchants also deal in the speculative
business of gold and silver.
44. In the general calculation Shanghai losses have been
greatest in rubber shares.
45. Hence from a negative examination a lack of flavour is
felt more than ever.
156 ^ ^
48 -m^mi^xAm^, -m^Mmm
49 mmm^m
50 -^^#^'fea6^mg
51 m%m^-mmm
52 {£^*^^fiJffl6^|it
53 ^^^mm\K^mxm^j
55 ^x^mmm
56 2fi^^^|^
57 WLhfi^JlS
58 @^M-^^*»5f^^ife7
59 ^iF^6^A^M
61 jiiifi^jrainm^ifi
62 ^in«^M:^®^1im^ii
63 :^i§#^4'®]^A^^^l'f&
64 ]^m)^i[|^f;/£;^-1B^^^fjnb:^^^3>liM
65 Mmu'mMm^Ysif^fM'iii, '^fMW.±,m
66 ;Ji^a3i^^*ri^j^:
67 mm^^n^m^m^-m
TRADE 157
46. As yet there has been no absolutely reliable and
universal method of preserving a pure race.
47. It must be possible to create both directly and indirectly
many new avenues of reform.
48. One is the advocacy of labour training, one is practical
exposition.
49. To speak on it from the negative view.
50. It is certain there can be no congruous realization.
51. I am aware this is a kind of common law.
52. Giving the capitalists a useful opportunity.
53. Receiving the industrial training of the new age.
54. After untold sacrifice of much money and energy has
the eight hours a day been brought about.
55. It is a personal concern of the worker.
56. Night schools of the people.
57. A difficult point of the times.
58. Naturally it may be said there is no expectation of a
search for knowledge.
59. Their view of life.
60. A practical lecture.
61. His reasons are very complicated.
62. Theory and practice both are perfect.
63. Yet it is to be hoped the Chinese merchant will soon
wake up.
64. The organ of trades is a matter rich in active energy.
65. To expound generally the method of organizing
business and the principles of organization.
66. Moreover it should be consonant with future demands.
67. The spiritual standard is similar to the mechanical.
158 ^ B
69 j^^^^lli^^fft^^t^
71 mm^,m^mM
72 ^X±±^^^6^S2}i, gt^il@#^'J^tgl^lti
73 Mmmim^mm±'B'^^^^^-mmmM
74 i^lti^^
75 f^fP^MirP7;^^S'tS^1®r0mi^i^iiM^
76 -^M^mni n^^^.k.^mmm^^M^xm^M'
77 :f;;g:^4-MA^ia
79 #l^f^^iS&^M
80 mnmmm)i^^W'i'^m±'^mBm
81 ^m^Jiiitfe^
82 i^im'}-km, fmi^^mfm»^\^:\
83 ^iiiii-fig(^A)][^^i^^iir-pnm
84 m^xmcmi^'^n'
TRADE 159
68. The organization of important ideas and their arrange-
ment, lies all centred in the brain of the organizer
and in the execution of his thoughts.
69. Ability to create laws and administer them.
70. Is also a most weighty factor in successful organization.
71. Such a helper is the officer.
72. The foundation of the important system of a division 01
labour, consists in the choice of specially skilled
officers.
73. In the development of such an unorganized body
inferior ability often shows itself.
74. Insurance policy.
75. We have come to a point in our discussion, where you
all acknowledge that this subject should be settled
speedily.
76. An expenditure of brain and sweat of blood in daily
discussing and investigating the person of the
worker.
77. It is not that it should be directed by the minority,
78. The dissemination of the new culture looks as though it
were richly luxuriant.
79. With regard to your own future.
80. Because this attitude towards their business has a
vicious influence.
81. To speak of it practically,
82. A clever female associate pays special attention to her
personal appearance.
83. If it is possible to create good impressions on the
brains of people,
84. Members of the outcasts of society.
J60 1^ ^
85 ^^nj&AS^mm
86 ^y^A(^nJw^m^^mi^f
87 m?^^i^mf&m^MM
88 ^mki^^mm^MMm
89 tG^fn|]J^6^^f1sX^
93 ^->-;fi, s^#^^Pf:^
94 ^mmm» ^^^^mmt}
95 M^^tE^fi^J^^
96 ^ju}^^Mmmmmumwn
98 m^^^^ii'nnmmmm
99 i^ju^^j^^^^iie^^ll, JiAriiiVrfjIiS^m
100 At^Jifit^
101 f#@jtm^
J02 |^fj-Jifii§
TRADl*: i6f
85. This is acknowledged by Chinese and foreigners.
86. Few are the people that manifest a desire for reform of
conditions.
87. Let me ask wliere are the fruits of reform,
88. After it is before the public there is sure to be every
kind ol objection and debate.
89. Let the results of the response and discussions form
an instrument,
90. Although a conference is better than a decision bj' a
single individual.
9L Though there are separate statistics for everj' depart-
ment of the business expenditure,
92. IMau}' such statements do not appear in the annual
report.
93. A lack in any one respect leads to difficulties.
94. Communications arc primarily matters of special
accounts.
95. That is to make public the process of transportation.
96. If there is selection and promotion of the road officials.
all would be well,
97. Naturally, the recognition of the two words ' public
report' implies that the reform of goods trans-
portation becomes a leading question.
98. The Railway itself must have a responsible organ of
publicity.
99. The best way is to extend and reorganize the public
report which they have now,
100. A conscious sense of personality.
101. A conscious sense of conduct.
102. A conscious sense of training.
162 ySj ^
105 ^J9r)i§M^iL«~fal
106 MM:mmMM^
107 ^;ff m^-^
108 ^fri^^A-Jlim
109 atm^^^^i'iimwd^mm^
111 mmmmm^
112 |M'^/J>&^X^
114 mmfm, nmi\iim&m^Mmm^,
117 ^Mtf-TO^iili.//
118 y:HAm'Smm'tJi(\mm
119 i^'Aaatjp;r^'Afj^Af^
120 gS:T<m711if?]'Afi»m
121 ^^nmi^m'^mi^i^m
122 #^J|«|@TV^1«^7
TRADE 163
103. A conscious sense of solidaril} .
104. Chinese attached to the works of the professional
business college.
105. To go there once to observe and investigate.
106. That is a good symptom of theirs.
107. To introduce clubs once.
108. To nourish the habit of econom)'.
109. This system is the simplest method of organization in
the commercial world.
110. As to the nature of the business, the owners association
may be divided into the two parts of special and
general.
111. The raw material and the finished article.
112. Works of a comparatively smaller range.
113. The American method of drying eggs, and the German
method of drying in vacuo.
114. I hold that this method is an article in learning
business.
115. It is also clear that it is not absolutely useless.
116. Yet from results of my investigation.
117. The place in social service.
118. The merchant must get the confidence of the com-
munity.
119. The merchant himself must respect his own character
of trader.
120. He himself has no faith in the merchant's tempera-
ment,
121. This is enough to stop the development of the business
of his shop.
122. When dollars are cheap the f(i?ig li on the dollar will
be low.
126 m^xjc^^mr^'^^mm^xr^
131 mim^X'jimMi^9\-mii^nmimM
132 §^6<jM*ATM^'»M
133 l^!@Wf|^jM£>f^fflilim7
134 fl'ltKi^j/HM, ^i^Mliir^^i^7
135 ;3;fpjiiH>HMMA6^j@ft^, JUm'^i
137 (W^,^-^M^^
138 ^m-^mmmim
i3y ftii^i^r^j-f^aMt^'mg
140 ^mm'^'^mimm^
TKADK 165
123. Should the Tientsin jv?//,i,' // l)o hii^h and the Shanghai
low,
124. Tientsin will not use the Kuci \'uan hut will use the
Hang Hua.
125. Though there are various ways of i)aying wages in the
facto ly.
126. If the workmen do not work HCCordin<r to the fixed
time.
127. Not only will faith be lost towards the community.
128. Capital and labour are the two factors of production.
129. How thus can the ca[)ita!ists roalU' conic and overseer
the workmen.
130. The ]^2nglish pound being equal to American gold
dollar 4.866, this is termed ])ar exchange,
131. Apart from the fluctuations of exchange, there are
further, the fluctuation between gold and silver.
132. \\ hen the demand for the gold fiollar is great the [Mice
advances.
133. In that case it is nol possible to maintain the par
figure,
134. The Chinese Piece Goods dealers are most anxious
lest the whole concern tumble to pieces.
135. Therefore the aims of these two speculative parties
mutually clash.
136. We ought to follow such a tide of opinion and move
with such tendencies,
137. .Success and failure are general laws of evolution.
138. It is impossible to escape the control.
139. Whether his business intercourse is right or no,
40. It directly concerns the future of trade.
JC6 1$ m
141 B±x<t^mmi'-mujm^m^^^c^
142 m^'Jif^^M'^m^}T\
143 ^^^-rnxmrn
144 ^m^AU^M^'^
145 ^;fii^^MK. ^lirU^M^
146 —^f^iwmw'ii^^i
147 ^^^#^Rfi<J»iA
148 iB^mnTi^^fi^^f/e^^i^fi^jweA
149 ^^l^ffpj^Pi h^:^.mEfi-J
J5i ^ii'r4#f^
TRADE 167
141. The Japanese have eslabh'shed a stock-exchange in
China, which is nothing but an Exchange.
142. It is called the I'.xchange for the barter of goods and
scrip.
143. Exchanges are great gambling places.
144. Brokers are great gamblers.
145. That broking which is called fixed time, is jobbing.
146. It is difficult to get these results within a year.
147. Each department has its own broker.
148. But he may also carry the brokership of the public
debt department.
149. The Exchange looks on ten bales as the unit.
1,50. It is only needful to remember that the sale is a sell-
short one.
151. The broker who sells but has no goods we call a ' F'ao
Kung.'
152. He must advance money security.
153. The chop of the goods made by that firm has not been
imitated hitherto by others.
NOTES
FXOXOMICS
.31. Ch'h may be regarded as an aiixiliar>-, indicative of
cojiipletipH : or an adverb, equal to ///• in such
words as take up.
38. Yin ivi'i . . . j'Hiin kii. Idiomatic, not tautological : for
. . . tJie reasou.
46. Jlsieit chill. Does not imply actual bullion, but
read}' monc}'.
EDUCATION
17. Ilsiii li. The technical term for iitiiid. Here used in
a general sense.
52. Cheng k'o. Note the fluid use of K'o. Here corre-
sponds to carpet bagger,
63. Knau ch\i is the outward view. Kuan nien is the
mental view.
II I STORY
9. Shih yuiig ti. Useful, practical things: not actual
facts,
LABOUR
50. The first liao marks the perfect tense: the last
euphonic.
61. Shows the new wa)- of using old words.
i\OTl':S i6(>
1 0-1. Fa chien or fa hsien.
152. Lao kutig is the workman. Lav iung (143) is labour.
154. Yi'i wang is desire : Hsi ivnng is hope
163. Ching sJioi is an old term, but one revived and widely-
used.
291. Sheng cJii (old) refers to the means of subsistence.-
she tig Jino is life generally.
217. YuH'^ lai indicates the passive voice.
229. Meng ya a verb. Chien yn. Chien an adverb vn it
verb.
PHILOSOPHY
21. The i\i is ambiguous.
27. Inn yung is a difficult phrase. To a[)[)ly, persist,
continue. Tr: contingent,
122. T,-:u sken=^\ist\L
139. Ping, an adverb, emphatic,
149. Ch^ieh y'li. C/^'/V// a verb, j//' a preposition.
POLITICS
11. Not opened at half past two, but for two and half
hours. So determined b>' chien and ti.
31. Chien {^ and shnng _t two new words frequentl)' used
in the new vocabulary.
15. Hun 6V/'//// = \'ladivostock.
50. Jen u'n, an old term but in combination with t'e pieh
becomes new.
170 NOTES
RELIGION
^ uu, 6. Vii ining. The dead ■AX\di the living.
7. / ch'i is apparatus. Chi cli'i is viacliinery
11. //7/(? j-rtz. A stopper.
149. A sentence expressive of a new idea.
TRADE
4. T'ieh hsien. To discount bills for ready money.
33. Tzii siioii. The other party.
51. Kjian liek, — Ctisioni, which is the origin of common
laiv.
25. Shih yeh {-Km) .Ind?isiries. Shih yeh (* |g) Any
business concern.
74. Policy in this sentence docs not so much imply the
actual document, as the scheme and terms of
Insurance.
122. Vafig li. The exchange between the dollar and the
tael.
141. That is to say Chit i so is the Japanese term for the
Chiao i so.
]05. 107. / hiii (— m) implies some amount of time.
/ /,:'?/ (— 3Jc) is a simple indication of once.
THE CHINESE SPEAKER
READINGS IN
MODERN MANDARIN
SPECIAL FEATURES
PART I. TEXT AND TRANSLATION
Chapters: i, Papers on the Commonwealth; 2, on
Education ; 3, on Social Reform ; 4, on Morality
and Religion; 5, on Economics; 6, on the Public
Press ; 7, on Naval and Military Affairs ; 8, on
Edicts ; 9, on Administrative and Judicial Affairs.
PART II. UNTRANSLATED PASSAGES
PART III. ANNOTATIONS AND VOCABULARY
PART IV. PHILOLOGICAL MATTERS
Chapters: i, Analysis and Parsing; 2, Dissertation
on the Character with hints on writing and learning
it; 3, A Glossary. The use and meaning of such
words as ^, Sfc, etc., 4, Table of Connectives,
Adverbs, Prepositions, etc., with notes.
403 pp. Quarto. Price: Cloth, in 1 vol. $5.00
in 2 vols. $5.50
Special Terms if ordered direct from author
What {he Reviewers say:
"The book will be found to be very valuable to the
student of the Chinese language. This work with the
author's companion volume, ' VVenli Styles and Chinese
Ideals' would form an exceedingly useful addition to every
student's library." — Educational Review.
"A Brilliant book for the Learner: — The student
will find sufficient paraphernalia, new and old, in this volume
to direct and assist him to a working knowledge of the
C'hinese spoken language. But he will have to mix his
colours with brains." — N. C. Dai y News.
"The Dissertation on Etymology is excellent as is the
guide to Writing the Character. Altogether we are sure the
student who buys this work will have no reason to regret his
purt:h:tse." " — .\". C . />*. K. A. S. Jnurnnl.
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
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This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.
iQ 1962
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